Premise: By who was the first record of solar distillation done by?

Hypothesis: The first recorded instance of this was by 16th-century Arab alchemists.


Premise: Why were there more immigrants in the US?

Hypothesis: With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry.


Premise: What did Kanye demand from Jimmy Kimmel in regards to the sketch?

Hypothesis: Kimmel reveals the following night that West called him to demand an apology shortly before taping.


Premise: What type of exhibition game showcases the best players?

Hypothesis: Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world.


Premise: Who supported the ban against government aid to religious schools before 1970?

Hypothesis: Further, the ban against government aid to religious schools was supported before 1970 by most Protestants (and most Jews), who opposed aid to religious schools, which were mostly Catholic at the time.


Premise: What was the main government entity that ran the territories like Tibet?

Hypothesis: These territories were also under supervision of a central government institution called Lifan Yuan.


Premise: Where did the Neolithic culture begin?

Hypothesis: The beginning of the Neolithic culture is considered to be in the Levant (Jericho, modern-day West Bank) about 10,200 – 8,800 BC.


Premise: When was Napoleon crowned King of Italy?

Hypothesis: Napoleon was also crowned King of Italy, with the Iron Crown of Lombardy, at the Cathedral of Milan on May 26, 1805.


Premise: What was the length of a term that a king would be elected for in the Roman Kingdom?

Hypothesis: Tarquin made a number of attempts to retake the throne, including the Tarquinian conspiracy, the war with Veii and Tarquinii and finally the war between Rome and Clusium, all of which failed to achieve Tarquin's objectives.


Premise: On October 14 how many German bombers attacked?

Hypothesis: British anti-aircraft defences (General Frederick Alfred Pile) fired 8,326 rounds and shot down only two bombers.


Premise: What is used as a template to generate a complementary mRNA?

Hypothesis: The mRNA matches the sequence of the gene's DNA coding strand because it is synthesised as the complement of the template strand.


Premise: What is the state well known for?

Hypothesis: Pashmina shawls are a product that is highly in demand in Himachal and all over the country.


Premise: Where were Monastic communities allowed to celebrate Mass in private?

Hypothesis: Monastic communities were allowed to celebrate Mass in private from 1209 onwards, and late in 1212 the Holy Viaticum for the dying was authorised.


Premise: Who describes an experiment with swallows?

Hypothesis: He concludes:


Premise: In what year was the slang term from a title of a Destiny's Child song that is also used to describe Beyoncé put in the dictionary?

Hypothesis: In 2006, it was added to the Oxford English Dictionary.


Premise: What despcription was assigned to minority leader in part?

Hypothesis: A minority leader from 1931 to 1939, Representative Bertrand Snell, R-N.Y., provided this "job description": "He is spokesman for his party and enunciates its policies.


Premise: During what word event did the Holocaust happen?

Hypothesis: Several differing views exist regarding whether it was intended to occur from the war's beginning, or if the plans for it came about later.


Premise: How did The Sun feel about the American bombing of Libya in 1986?

Hypothesis: On 23 May 1984, The Sun prepared a front page with the headline "Mine Führer" and a photograph of Scargill with his arm in the air, a pose which made him look as though he was giving a Nazi salute.


Premise: What state were the Seminoles moved to?

Hypothesis: The second strategy was to form alliances with other Indian tribes, but that too was useless because the Seminoles had destroyed all the other Indians when they entered Florida in the late eighteenth century.


Premise: What practice was desired through connecting religion and schools?

Hypothesis: Overall, the fact that mosques contained medreses comes to show the relevance of education to religion in the sense that education took place within the framework of religion and religion established social life by trying to create a common religious orthodoxy.


Premise: What seperates Tajikistan and Pakistan?

Hypothesis: Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor.


Premise: What is high among dialects?

Hypothesis: The only exception is the isolated idiosyncratic Alguerese dialect.


Premise: How many colors were 45s available in when first released?

Hypothesis: All colors were soon dropped in favor of black because of production problems.


Premise: What devices are often equipped with infrared blockers?

Hypothesis: Lack of bright sources can make terahertz photography more challenging than most other infrared imaging techniques.


Premise: The first Europen immigrants arrival changed what in Boston?

Hypothesis: In the 1820s, Boston's population grew rapidly, and the city's ethnic composition changed dramatically with the first wave of European immigrants.


Premise: What is the name of the well known hospital specializes in young children patients?

Hypothesis: New Haven Hospital has four pavilions, including the Yale – New Haven Children's Hospital and the Smilow Cancer Hospital; the Hospital of Saint Raphael is several blocks north, and touts its excellent cardiac emergency care program.


Premise: What comes before state and territorial laws in the 50 U.S states?

Hypothesis: Federal law and treaties, so long as they are in accordance with the Constitution, preempt conflicting state and territorial laws in the 50 U.S. states and in the territories.


Premise: What was the first bowl game Northwestern appeared in after 1949?

Hypothesis: They did not appear in a bowl game after 1949 until the 1996 Rose Bowl.


Premise: How many terminals do BJTs have?

Hypothesis: BJTs have three terminals, corresponding to the three layers of semiconductor—an emitter, a base, and a collector.


Premise: Where did Arabic numerals originate?

Hypothesis: In mathematics, the Persian mathematician Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi gave his name to the concept of the algorithm, while the term algebra is derived from al-jabr, the beginning of the title of one of his publications.


Premise: What special status did Bell get in the Mohawk tribe?

Hypothesis: For his work, Bell was awarded the title of Honorary Chief and participated in a ceremony where he donned a Mohawk headdress and danced traditional dances.[N 11]


Premise: How many tiers  does somerset county consist of

Hypothesis: The ceremonial county of Somerset consists of a two-tier non-metropolitan county, which is administered by Somerset County Council and five district councils, and two unitary authority areas (whose councils combine the functions of a county and a district).


Premise: Who were a non-Semitic caucasoid people?

Hypothesis: The Sumerians were a non-Semitic caucasoid people, and spoke a language isolate; a number of linguists believed they could detect a substrate language beneath Sumerian, because names of some of Sumer's major cities are not Sumerian, revealing influences of earlier inhabitants.


Premise: What is produced when copper compounds are treated with organolithium reagents?

Hypothesis: Compounds that contain a carbon-copper bond are known as organocopper compounds.


Premise: What grade did Yale get on their Sustainable Endowments Institute's College Sustainability Report Card 2008?

Hypothesis: Yale was listed as a Campus Sustainability Leader on the Sustainable Endowments Institute’s College Sustainability Report Card 2008, and received a "B+" grade overall.


Premise: What is the population of Salvadorans living in America?

Hypothesis: The largest immigration wave occurred as a result of the Salvadoran Civil War in the 1980s, in which 20–30% of El Salvador's population emigrated.


Premise: How do the US and Africa rank as exporters of cotton?

Hypothesis: In Zambia, it often offers loans for seed and expenses to the 180,000 small farmers who grow cotton for it, as well as advice on farming methods.


Premise: What store did the Dayton-Hudson Corporation purchase in 1978?

Hypothesis: It acquired Mervyn's in 1978, Marshall Field's in 1990, and renamed itself the Target Corporation in 2000.


Premise: What is one way to help minimize capacitor dangers?

Hypothesis: Proper containment, fusing, and preventive maintenance can help to minimize these hazards.


Premise: When did the UN Security Council recommend that the Marshall Islands be allowed to join the UN?

Hypothesis: The Marshall Islands was admitted to the United Nations based on the Security Council's recommendation on August 9, 1991, in Resolution 704 and the General Assembly's approval on September 17, 1991, in Resolution 46/3.


Premise: What is God in theism?

Hypothesis: In theism, God is the creator and sustainer of the universe, while in deism, God is the creator, but not the sustainer, of the universe.


Premise: How many pieces can be found in the Yerevan National Art Gallery?

Hypothesis: The Modern Art Museum, the Children’s Picture Gallery, and the Martiros Saryan Museum are only a few of the other noteworthy collections of fine art on display in Yerevan.


Premise: Who planned Lafayette Park?

Hypothesis: Planned by Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig Hilberseimer and Alfred Caldwell it includes a landscaped, 19-acre (7.7 ha) park with no through traffic, in which these and other low-rise apartment buildings are situated.


Premise: Which political philosophy does Greece follow?

Hypothesis: Greece, which is one of the world's largest shipping powers, middle powers and top tourist destinations, has the largest economy in the Balkans, where it is an important regional investor.


Premise: What weapon does North Korea claim it now has the ability to use?

Hypothesis: Hagel also stated that the United States would deploy the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense anti-ballistic missile system to Guam, because of a credible and realistic nuclear threat from North Korea.


Premise: What did Seoul Semiconductor name their ac powered HP-LED?

Hypothesis: In 2009, Seoul Semiconductor released a high DC voltage LED, named as 'Acrich MJT', capable of being driven from AC power with a simple controlling circuit.


Premise: What uses a model of the sound's generator?

Hypothesis: These coders use a model of the sound's generator (such as the human vocal tract with LPC) to whiten the audio signal (i.e., flatten its spectrum) before quantization.


Premise: What did the state council set up in 2008?

Hypothesis: In 2008, State Council established a counterpart support plan (《汶川地震灾后恢复重建对口支援方案》).


Premise: The India Gate commemorates how many soldiers of past wars?

Hypothesis: The India Gate built in 1931 was inspired by the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.


Premise: In what year did Germany become a republic?

Hypothesis: Also Soldau district in Allenstein region was part of Second Polish Republic.


Premise: Where in Central Park are performances offered at no cost?

Hypothesis: The New York Wheel, a 630-foot ferris wheel, was under construction at the northern shore of Staten Island in 2015, overlooking the Statue of Liberty, New York Harbor, and the Lower Manhattan skyline.


Premise: Who created Brick?

Hypothesis: The original iPod had the game Brick (originally invented by Apple's co-founder Steve Wozniak) included as an easter egg hidden feature; later firmware versions added it as a menu option.


Premise: Other than trade, what was the traditional basis of Kathmandu's economy?

Hypothesis: This, combined with its location between India and China, helped establish Kathmandu as an important trading center over the centuries.


Premise: How many members are in the Presbyterian Church of Brazil?

Hypothesis: In Brazil, the Presbyterian Church of Brazil (Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil) totals approximately 1,011,300 members; other Presbyterian churches (Independents, United, Conservatives, Renovated, etc.) in this nation have around 350,000 members.


Premise: What years did the Rinpungpa regime start and end?

Hypothesis: Hugh Edward Richardson writes that the Ming dynasty exercised no authority over the succession of Tibetan ruling families, the Phagmodru (1354–1435), Rinpungpa (1435–1565), and Tsangpa (1565–1642).


Premise: The gradual spread of Buddhism exposed it to a variety of influences including what civilization?

Hypothesis: During this period Buddhism was exposed to a variety of influences, from Persian and Greek civilization, to changing trends in non-Buddhist Indian religions—themselves influenced by Buddhism.


Premise: Is Myanmar convenient to other countries in South East Asia ?

Hypothesis: Those in Thailand on a visa run can cross to Kawthaung but cannot venture farther into Myanmar."


Premise: What is the effigy of Viscount Nelson wearing?

Hypothesis: Later wax effigies include a likeness of Horatio, Viscount Nelson, wearing some of his own clothes and another of Prime Minister William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, modelled by the American-born sculptor Patience Wright.[citation needed]


Premise: What did OMB hope to provide with their revision on race and ethnicity in 1997?

Hypothesis: Among the changes, OMB issued the instruction to "mark one or more races" after noting evidence of increasing numbers of interracial children and wanting to capture the diversity in a measurable way and having received requests by people who wanted to be able to acknowledge their or their children's full ancestry rather than identifying with only one group.


Premise: Could the London market support the large numbers of writers that were emerging?

Hypothesis: These men came to London to become authors, only to discover that the literary market simply could not support large numbers of writers, who, in any case, were very poorly remunerated by the publishing-bookselling guilds.


Premise: What did the joint proposal provide?

Hypothesis: ASPEC was the joint proposal of AT&T Bell Laboratories, Thomson Consumer Electronics, Fraunhofer Society and CNET.


Premise: What future awaited the first grandson of Queen Victoria?

Hypothesis: The Queen and Albert hoped that their daughter and son-in-law would be a liberalising influence in the enlarging Prussian state.


Premise: When did Balfour last hold the titles of prime minister and Chancellor of the Exchequer?

Hypothesis: Though it had de facto existed for centuries, its first mention in official state documents did not occur until the first decade of the twentieth century.


Premise: What Proto-Indo-European term means "skillful assembler?"

Hypothesis: In Iranian languages, the gentilic is attested as a self-identifier included in ancient inscriptions and the literature of Avesta,[a] and remains also in other Iranian ethnic names such as Alans (Ossetic: Ир – Ir) and Iron (Ossetic:


Premise: Children were taught to memorize facts through methods that originated during which time period?

Hypothesis: Children were taught to memorize facts through oral and graphic methods that originated during the Renaissance.


Premise: How are Jehovah Witnesses assigned to congregations?

Hypothesis: Meetings for worship and study are held at Kingdom Halls, which are typically functional in character, and do not contain religious symbols.


Premise: What was the administration that the empire used to control its debt called?

Hypothesis: As the Ottoman state attempted to modernize its infrastructure and army in response to threats from the outside, it also opened itself up to a different kind of threat: that of creditors.


Premise: What did the sisters do instead of apostolic work?

Hypothesis: The sisters had no government of their own, but lived under the authority of the general and provincial chapters of the order.


Premise: In what year did Pope Sixtus V put a cap on the number of cardinals in the College of Cardinals?

Hypothesis: In 1587, Pope Sixtus V sought to arrest this growth by fixing the maximum size of the College at 70, including 50 cardinal priests, about twice the historical number.


Premise: What are the Appalachian mountains called in French?

Hypothesis: The Appalachian chain is a barrier to east-west travel as it forms a series of alternating ridgelines and valleys oriented in opposition to any road running east-west.


Premise: What can alcohol and certain antibiotics cause?

Hypothesis: Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy.


Premise: What protein carries the majority of copper in blood?

Hypothesis: Copper transport here involves the protein ceruloplasmin, which carries the majority of copper in blood.


Premise: Which city in Sichuan is known for its metallurgical industries?

Hypothesis: Sichuan is one of the major industrial centers of China.


Premise: In what year was the film Airport made?

Hypothesis: In 2001, MGM dropped out of the UIP venture, and went with 20th Century Fox's international arm to handle distribution of their titles to this day.


Premise: How long did the Timurid empire last in Iran?

Hypothesis: The Ilkhans and the Timurids soon came to adopt the ways and customs of the Iranians, choosing to surround themselves with a culture that was distinctively Iranian.


Premise: What was the former 10-year moratorium on the construction of nuclear plants the result of?

Hypothesis: Plans for a new nuclear plant in the Canton of Bern have been put on hold after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi power plant in 2011.


Premise: Who was Executive Director or Under-Secretary General from 1969 to 1987?

Hypothesis: Executive Directors and Under-Secretaries General of the UN_2011–present Dr Babatunde Osotimehin (Nigeria)


Premise: Where were the nails placed?

Hypothesis: The placing of the nails in the hands, or the wrists is also uncertain.


Premise: How did Microsoft describe Kinect?

Hypothesis: Kinect is a "controller-free gaming and entertainment experience" for the Xbox 360.


Premise: When did parts of Armenia under Iranian control become part of Russia?

Hypothesis: Owing to the century long Turco-Iranian geo-political rivalry that would last in Western Asia, significant parts of the region were frequently fought over between the two rivalling empires.


Premise: Great Smoky mountain and Blue Ridge Parkway are located in what mountain range?

Hypothesis: Every year the Appalachian Mountains attract several million tourists to the Western part of the state, including the historic Biltmore Estate.


Premise: What is the rating for the hardness of Hyderabad's water?

Hypothesis: Ground water around Hyderabad, which has a hardness of up to 1000 ppm, around three times higher than is desirable, is the main source of drinking water but the increasing population and consequent increase in demand has led to a decline in not only ground water but also river and lake levels.


Premise: What was focused in March?

Hypothesis: But the Luftwaffe's effort eased in the last 10 attacks as seven Kampfgruppen moved to Austria in preparation for the Balkans Campaign in Yugoslavia and Greece.


Premise: In what year did The Catholic church begin diplomatic relations with the Methodist church?

Hypothesis: The Lutherans were the first Protestant Church offering a dialogue to the Catholic Church in September 1964 in Reykjavík, Iceland.


Premise: What parties is the color green for?

Hypothesis: Purple Party" is also used as an academic hypothetical of an undefined party, as a Centrist party in the United States (because purple is created from mixing the main parties' colors of red and blue) and as a highly idealistic "peace and love" party—in a similar vein to a Green Party, perhaps.


Premise: What percentage of Valencia's workers are employed in the agricultural sector?

Hypothesis: Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.


Premise: What percentage of the Congo's gross domestic product did petroleum account for in 2008?

Hypothesis: In 2008, oil sector accounted for 65% of the GDP, 85% of government revenue, and 92% of exports.


Premise: Glial cells are also referred to as what?

Hypothesis: Neurons, however, are usually considered the most important cells in the brain.


Premise: Only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics according to what rules?

Hypothesis: The sport involves the performance of five separate routines with the use of five apparatus; ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope—on a floor area, with a much greater emphasis on the aesthetic rather than the acrobatic.


Premise: What is another term for language varieties?

Hypothesis: As a result of this, in some contexts the term "dialect" refers specifically to varieties with low social status.


Premise: What does the acronym EPA stand for?

Hypothesis: The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has approved the registrations of these copper alloys as "antimicrobial materials with public health benefits," which allows manufacturers to legally make claims as to the positive public health benefits of products made with registered antimicrobial copper alloys.


Premise: Where was the new title of Empress of India proclaimed?

Hypothesis: He also pushed the Royal Titles Act 1876 through Parliament, so that Victoria took the title "Empress of India" from 1 May 1876.


Premise: When the civil war began, many telecomunications companies were created to provide missing what?

Hypothesis: After the start of the civil war, various new telecommunications companies began to spring up in the country and competed to provide missing infrastructure.


Premise: In what era did the Protestant Reformation occur?

Hypothesis: Upon the re-opening of the Netherlands to English shipping in January 1565, there ensued a strong outburst of commercial activity.


Premise: Antagonistic or antipathetic symbiosis are alternate names for what?

Hypothesis: A parasitic relationship is one in which one member of the association benefits while the other is harmed.


Premise: The ancient buddhist site  in the lower Krsna Valley can be traced to at least what century BCE?

Hypothesis: Akira Hirakawa notes the "evidence suggests that many Early Mahayana scriptures originated in South India."


Premise: What author wrote of disaster prodigies?

Hypothesis: Livy presents these as signs of widespread failure in Roman religio.


Premise: What is Susan Prager communication director of?

Hypothesis: The outreach director of HRTR, Susan Prager, is also the communication director of "Friends of Falun Gong", a quasi-government non-profit funded by fmr.


Premise: Who was the first human in space?

Hypothesis: The competition began on August 2, 1955, when the Soviet Union responded to the US announcement four days earlier of intent to launch artificial satellites for the International Geophysical Year, by declaring they would also launch a satellite "in the near future".


Premise: How much of the Gordie Howe International Bridge is Canada going to pay for?

Hypothesis: On February 18, 2015, Canadian Transport Minister Lisa Raitt announced that Canada has agreed to pay the entire cost to build a $250 million U.S. Customs plaza adjacent to the planned new Detroit–Windsor bridge, now the Gordie Howe International Bridge.


Premise: Where does the fungus Geotrichum candidum originate from?

Hypothesis: Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback.


Premise: By what percentage did available jobs increase in Southampton between 1995 and 2004?

Hypothesis: Just over a quarter of the jobs available in the city are in the health and education sector.


Premise: Where is the Midwest Regional Medical Center?

Hypothesis: The Midwest Regional Medical Center located in the suburb of Midwest City; other major hospitals in the city include the Oklahoma Heart Hospital and the Mercy Health Center.


Premise: Slavic mercenaries settled where?

Hypothesis: From the early 6th century they spread to inhabit most of Central and Eastern Europe and Southeast Europe, whilst Slavic mercenaries fighting for the Byzantines and Arabs settled Asia Minor and even as far as Syria.


Premise: Outside Europe, Napoleonic Code has been used as the basis for certain parts of what?

Hypothesis: After the fall of Napoleon, not only was Napoleonic Code retained by conquered countries including the Netherlands, Belgium, parts of Italy and Germany, but has been used as the basis of certain parts of law outside Europe including the Dominican Republic, the US state of Louisiana and the Canadian province of Quebec.


Premise: What numbers are used in Binary information coding?

Hypothesis: In true digital media the pits, or their edges, directly represent 1s and 0s of a binary digital information stream.


Premise: What kind of hospital is Seattle Children's?

Hypothesis: Located in the Laurelhurst neighborhood, Seattle Children's, formerly Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, is the pediatric referral center for Washington, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho.


Premise: Who currently owns the  Chicago Cubs?

Hypothesis: The Cubs are also one of two active major league teams based in Chicago; the other is the Chicago White Sox, who are a member of the American League (AL) Central division.


Premise: When did the People's Republic of China take control of Mainland China?

Hypothesis: After the People's Republic of China took control of Mainland China in 1949, the Republic of China government based in Taiwan continued to control the Dachen Islands off the coast of Zhejiang until 1955, even establishing a rival Zhejiang provincial government there, creating a situation similar to Fujian province today.


Premise: Napoleon's successful coup against the directory resulted in the closure of what organization?

Hypothesis: He drew together an alliance with director Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, his brother Lucien, speaker of the Council of Five Hundred Roger Ducos, director Joseph Fouché, and Talleyrand, and they overthrew the Directory by a coup d'état on 9 November 1799 ("the 18th Brumaire" according to the revolutionary calendar), closing down the council of five hundred.


Premise: Of all the countries in South America, which provided the most legal immigrants in 2013?

Hypothesis: Amidst a resurgence of Puerto Rican migration to New York City, this population had increased to approximately 1.3 million in the metropolitan area as of 2013.


Premise: To what are these morphological changes similar?

Hypothesis: The most important one is the addition of -o- before certain consonant groups, a phonetic phenomenon that does not affect feminine forms: el pols/els polsos ("the pulse"/"the pulses") vs. la pols/les pols ("the dust"/"the dusts").


Premise: When democracy began in Spain, what did the kingdom of Valencia become?

Hypothesis: With the advent of democracy in Spain, the ancient kingdom of Valencia was established as a new autonomous entity, the Valencian Community, the Statute of Autonomy of 1982 designating Valencia as its capital.


Premise: When mamals appeared they remained small until what period?

Hypothesis: Overall, however, the Earth was hotter than it is today. Non-avian dinosaurs appeared in the Late Triassic and became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates early in the Jurassic, occupying this position for about 135 million years until their demise at the end of the Cretaceous.


Premise: At what landmark did the funeral procession begin?

Hypothesis: Nasser's funeral procession through Cairo on 1 October was attended by at least five million mourners.


Premise: In what branch is the ability to try legal cases placed?

Hypothesis: Judicial power—the power to decide cases and controversies—is vested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress.


Premise: What did the location of the SE's expansion slot potentially expose an upgrader to?

Hypothesis: For this reason, Apple recommended users bring their SE to an authorized Apple dealer to have upgrades performed.


Premise: What ethnicity was his mother?

Hypothesis: He was not technically considered as a mixed-race child of a slave; his mother was Fulani and a concubine of his father.


Premise: what was cajmere's alternate name?

Hypothesis: By the early 1990s artists such as Cajmere himself (under that name as well as Green Velvet and as producer for Dajae), DJ Sneak, Glenn Underground and others did many recordings.


Premise: What wind speed will the torch flame still stay lit in MPH?

Hypothesis: Each can will light the torch for 15 minutes.


Premise: What have some indigenous peoples managed to remain in relative isolation from?

Hypothesis: Like most cultures, over time, cultures specific to many indigenous peoples have evolved to incorporate traditional aspects, but also cater to modern needs.


Premise: When did Diodorus Siculus write Bibliotheca historica?

Hypothesis: The most important source after Polybius is Diodorus Siculus who wrote his Bibliotheca historica between 60 and 30 BCE and reproduced some important earlier sources such as Hieronymus, but his account of the Hellenistic period breaks off after the battle of Ipsus (301).


Premise: How many bank branches were in the Bronx by 2007?

Hypothesis: Since the late 1980s, significant development has occurred in the Bronx, first stimulated by the city's "Ten-Year Housing Plan" and community members working to rebuild the social, economic and environmental infrastructure by creating affordable housing.


Premise: What was the percentage of GM cotton planted in India in 2011?

Hypothesis: The subsequent introduction of a second variety of GM cotton led to increases in GM cotton production until 95% of the Australian cotton crop was GM in 2009 making Australia the country with the fifth largest GM cotton crop in the world.


Premise: Which areas in Antartica are considered polar deserts?

Hypothesis: Areas of the Arctic, such as Banks Island, and the McMurdo Dry Valleys in Antarctica are considered polar deserts where glaciers cannot form because they receive little snowfall despite the bitter cold.


Premise: Who was responsible for first isolating uranium?

Hypothesis: An ensuing arms race during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union produced tens of thousands of nuclear weapons that used uranium metal and uranium-derived plutonium-239.


Premise: What prevented BBC2 from broadcasting on its scheduled launch date?

Hypothesis: BBC TV was renamed BBC1 in 1964, after the launch of BBC2 (now BBC Two), the third television station (ITV was the second) for the UK; its remit, to provide more niche programming.


Premise: IBM has how many members on its Board of Directors?

Hypothesis: The company's 14 member Board of Directors is responsible for overall corporate management.


Premise: What does J.C.B. stand for?

Hypothesis: The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus, Bachelor of Canon Law, normally taken as a graduate degree), J.C.L. (Juris Canonici Licentiatus, Licentiate of Canon Law) and the J.C.D. (Juris Canonici Doctor, Doctor of Canon Law).


Premise: What did Poland contribute to the "Coalition of the Willing"?

Hypothesis: A quote referring to Poland as "the 51st state" has been attributed to James Pavitt, then Central Intelligence Agency Deputy Director for Operations, especially in connection to extraordinary rendition.


Premise: How did Gaddafi view the elite?

Hypothesis: People's Courts" were founded to try various monarchist politicians and journalists, and though many were imprisoned, none were executed.


Premise: The inclination of the roof cannot exceed how much?

Hypothesis: Such chalets are typically found in the higher parts of the valleys, as in the Maurienne valley in Savoy, where the amount of snow during the cold months is important.


Premise: What year was Jeremy Corbyn elected?

Hypothesis: In September 2015, Jeremy Corbyn was elected Leader of the Labour Party.


Premise: Under which Field Marshall were the combined German forces commanded?

Hypothesis: The French Army of the Rhine, commanded by Marshal François-Achille Bazaine, numbering about 183 infantry battalions, 104 cavalry squadrons, backed by 520 heavy cannons, totaling 112,800 officers and men, dug in along high ground with their southern left flank at the town of Rozerieulles, and their northern right flank at St. Privat.


Premise: What is the central figure doing in the mosaic found in 1966?

Hypothesis: Near him were lion cubs, a giraffe and a snake listening to him playing a lyre.


Premise: What model of ownership is commonly used in American professional sports?

Hypothesis: The AFL currently runs as under the single-entity model, with the league owning the rights to the teams, players, and coaches.


Premise: How many grains of silver did the Mint Act define the dollar as?

Hypothesis: The gold coins that were minted however, were not given any denomination whatsoever and traded for a market value relative to the Congressional standard of the silver dollar.


Premise: Between what years did Portugal establish a colonial and commercial empire?

Hypothesis: The Portuguese language is derived from the Latin spoken by the romanized Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula around 2000 years ago—particularly the Celts, Tartessians, Lusitanians and Iberians.


Premise: What effect does digivolution have on digimon?

Hypothesis: They age via a process called "Digivolution" which changes their appearance and increases their powers.


Premise: What percentage of the population was born outside the United States?

Hypothesis: Approximately 37% of the city's population is foreign born.


Premise: What are most decoders?

Hypothesis: Therefore, comparison of decoders is usually based on how computationally efficient they are (i.e., how much memory or CPU time they use in the decoding process).


Premise: What fraction of the size of an NFL football field is an arena football field?

Hypothesis: It is played indoors on a 68-yard field (about half the distance of an NFL field), resulting in a faster-paced and higher-scoring game.


Premise: What must a prosecuter show after the basic elements of infringement?

Hypothesis: To establish criminal liability, the prosecutor must first show the basic elements of copyright infringement: ownership of a valid copyright, and the violation of one or more of the copyright holder's exclusive rights.


Premise: Napoleon rejected Polish demands for an independent state because of prior promises to which ally?

Hypothesis: Napoleon refused to manumit the Russian serfs because of concerns this might provoke a reaction in his army's rear.


Premise: When was Henry Nelson Wieman invited to the Chicago Divinity school?

Hypothesis: In 1927 they invited one of America's only Whitehead experts – Henry Nelson Wieman – to Chicago to give a lecture explaining Whitehead's thought.


Premise: What are some examples of audio formats supported by the iPod?

Hypothesis: Unlike most other media players, Apple does not support Microsoft's WMA audio format—but a converter for WMA files without Digital Rights Management (DRM) is provided with the Windows version of iTunes.


Premise: Every state, other than the free states, consist of districts called what?

Hypothesis: (Kreisfreie Städte, in Baden-Württemberg also called "urban districts", or Stadtkreise), cities that are districts in their own right, or local associations of a special kind (Kommunalverbände besonderer Art), see below.


Premise: What type of veil must the sisters wear?

Hypothesis: The clothing of the sisters consisted of a white tunic and scapular, a leather belt, a black mantle, and a black veil.


Premise: What company purchased Horne's in 1972?

Hypothesis: In 1972, Associated Dry Goods acquired Horne's, and ADG expanded operations of Horne's to several stores in suburban malls throughout the Pittsburgh region as well as in Erie, Pennsylvania and Northeast Ohio.


Premise: What does Pirie claim conservatives want for the free market?

Hypothesis: They wish to allow the market to function smoothly and give it the freedom to change and develop.


Premise: What did Spain build to protect their fleet at Guam?

Hypothesis: From 1565 to 1815, Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, the only Spanish outpost in the Pacific Ocean east of the Philippines, was an important resting stop for the Manila galleons, a fleet that covered the Pacific trade route between Acapulco and Manila.:51


Premise: Which two fields of study are associated with immunology?

Hypothesis: It studies the relationship between the body systems, pathogens, and immunity.


Premise: What religion were these Fathers of the Church?

Hypothesis: They saw deviations from Orthodox Christianity as heresies that were essentially Jewish in spirit.


Premise: What two activities did Frédéric do while visiting for a day in Düsseldorf with Mendelssohn and Hiller?

Hypothesis: They spent what Mendelssohn described as "a very agreeable day", playing and discussing music at his piano, and met Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow, director of the Academy of Art, and some of his eminent pupils such as Lessing, Bendemann, Hildebrandt and Sohn.


Premise: To compare qualities, sound files are evaluated on a scale that ranges from 1 to what?

Hypothesis: As the MP3 standard allows quite a bit of freedom with encoding algorithms, different encoders may feature quite different quality, even with identical bit rates.


Premise: What was a primary cause of the modification of Roman architectural elements?

Hypothesis: Over time, Roman architecture was modified as their urban requirements changed, and the civil engineering and building construction technology became developed and refined.


Premise: Seditious material distributed by Napoleon's followers often displayed the tricolor, and what other design?

Hypothesis: There were also subversive activities celebrating anniversaries of Napoleon's life and reign and disrupting royal celebrations—they demonstrated the prevailing and successful goal of the varied supporters of Napoleon to constantly destabilize the Bourbon regime.


Premise: Where is sea surface temperature the highest?

Hypothesis: Marine biodiversity tends to be highest along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans.


Premise: Knibb also protagonised the creation of what?

Hypothesis: Knibb also protagonised the creation of "Free Villages"; rural communities centred around a Baptist church where emancipated slaves could farm their own land.


Premise: Who did the Tories oppose?

Hypothesis: They acted as a united, though unavailing, opposition to Whig corruption and scandals.


Premise: What is Nigerian Pidgin English often called?

Hypothesis: Nigerian Pidgin English, often known simply as 'Pidgin' or 'Broken' (Broken English), is also a popular lingua franca, though with varying regional influences on dialect and slang.


Premise: Besides the thermomechanical process, what is a process used in pulping?

Hypothesis: There are two major mechanical pulps, the thermomechanical one (TMP) and groundwood pulp (GW).


Premise: How many stars did Mark Kermode of the Guardian aware Spectre prior to its release?

Hypothesis: In an otherwise positive, but overall less enthusiastic review, IGN's Chris Tilly considered Spectre "solid if unspectacular", and gave the film a 7.2 score (out of a possible 10), saying that "the film falls frustratingly short of greatness."


Premise: Name the 8 peopl who began the movement

Hypothesis: The movement was pioneered by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso, joined by Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Robert Delaunay, Henri Le Fauconnier, Fernand Léger and Juan Gris.


Premise: What script variant was used to write the Sanskrit language?

Hypothesis: The script used by the empire was a variant of Brahmi and was used to write the Sanskrit language.


Premise: Which monk presided after the death of the Buddha?

Hypothesis: The goal of the council was to record the Buddha's teachings.


Premise: Why are patents criticized?

Hypothesis: Patents have been criticized in the developing world, as they are thought to reduce access to existing medicines.


Premise: What is the preferential term for those in Burma that are not a part of the racial majority ?

Hypothesis: The Rakhine people constitute 4% of the population.


Premise: How many passengers will the new airport be able to handle?

Hypothesis: The new airport, which would have six runways, will cost $9.15 billion and would be built on vacant federal land east of Mexico City International Airport.


Premise: What is the English name for the book Hayek published in 1929?

Hypothesis: Hayek spelled out the Austrian approach in more detail in his book, published in 1929, an English translation of which appeared in 1933 as Monetary Theory and the Trade Cycle.


Premise: What part of the system was Sony having trouble getting supplies for?

Hypothesis: On September 6, 2006, Sony announced that PAL region PlayStation 3 launch would be delayed until March 2007, because of a shortage of materials used in the Blu-ray drive.


Premise: What was the area previously named?

Hypothesis: Construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of King Henry III.


Premise: What is diagnosis based on typically?

Hypothesis: There is currently no precise test with the diagnosis typically based on the pattern of symptoms and response to therapy over time.


Premise: In the Orthodox church, what types of icons are allowed to be venerated and prayed before?

Hypothesis: Both Roman Catholic and Orthodox Christians venerate images and icons of Mary, given that the Second Council of Nicaea in 787 permitted their veneration with the understanding that those who venerate the image are venerating the reality of the person it represents, and the 842 Synod of Constantinople confirming the same.


Premise: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston oversees what kind of schools?

Hypothesis: Bishop England, Porter-Gaud School, and Ashley Hall are the city's oldest and most prominent private schools, and are a significant part of Charleston history, dating back some 150 years.


Premise: Where is one place where one of the inland forts can be found?

Hypothesis: These were usually annular forts, with one or more concentric earthen or stony walls, with a trench in front of each one.


Premise: What type of shell did the Krupp weapon fire?

Hypothesis: The army was still equipped with the Dreyse needle gun of Battle of Königgrätz fame, which was by this time showing the age of its 25-year-old design.


Premise: Along with Mumford & Sons, Of Monsters & Men, Ed Sheeran and The Lumineers, what indie artist has had adult contemporary success?

Hypothesis: In the early 2010s, indie musicians like Imagine Dragons, Mumford & Sons, Of Monsters & Men, The Lumineers and Ed Sheeran also had indie songs that crossed over to the adult contemporary charts.


Premise: When was Liverpool and Manchester removed from Lancashire boundaries?

Hypothesis: The county was subject to significant boundary reform in 1974 that removed Liverpool and Manchester and most of their surrounding conurbations to form the metropolitan counties of Merseyside and Greater Manchester.


Premise: The King and Clement XII condemned which literary work?

Hypothesis: A healthy, and legal, publishing industry existed throughout Europe, although established publishers and book sellers occasionally ran afoul of the law.


Premise: What instrument can you use to examine the microstructure of the brain?

Hypothesis: The simplest way to gain information about brain anatomy is by visual inspection, but many more sophisticated techniques have been developed.


Premise: What type of art did Courbet, Manet, Monet and Renoir create?

Hypothesis: Late in the 19th century, Paris hosted two major international expositions: the 1889 Universal Exposition, was held to mark the centennial of the French Revolution and featured the new Eiffel Tower; and the 1900 Universal Exposition, which gave Paris the Pont Alexandre III, the Grand Palais, the Petit Palais and the first Paris Métro line.


Premise: On what date was the expiration of Foster's patent?

Hypothesis: The patent expired on September 30, 2007.


Premise: What is the rank of Egypt popultaion among African nations?

Hypothesis: With over 90 million inhabitants, Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa and the Arab World, the third-most populous in Africa (after Nigeria and Ethiopia), and the fifteenth-most populous in the world.


Premise: Who as the last man to be eliminated?

Hypothesis: The top 10 contestants started with five males and five females, however, the males were eliminated consecutively in the first five weeks, with Lazaro Arbos the last male to be eliminated.


Premise: What type of land did the slaves live on?

Hypothesis: In addition, 30,463 free people of color lived in the state.


Premise: What can save storage space?

Hypothesis: There is a corresponding trade-off between preserving information and reducing size.


Premise: What year will the game release a high-definition port for the Wii U console?

Hypothesis: A high-definition port for the Wii U, The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD, will be released in March 2016.


Premise: What sort of feature is created by the use of vertical elements in gallery and window tracery?

Hypothesis: The verticals are generally repeated in the treatment of the windows and wall surfaces.


Premise: Where was the formation of the Liberal party officially announced?

Hypothesis: It became the nucleus of the Liberal Party's youth division, the Young Liberals.


Premise: What states formed Berlin in 1990?

Hypothesis: German reunification in 1990, in which the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) ascended into the Federal Republic, resulted in the addition of the re-established eastern states of Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-West Pomerania (in German Mecklenburg-Vorpommern), Saxony (Sachsen), Saxony-Anhalt (Sachsen-Anhalt), and Thuringia (Thüringen), as well as the reunification of West and East Berlin into Berlin and its establishment as a full and equal state.


Premise: When established in 1928, which airport served as the base of the Delhi Flying Club?

Hypothesis: The Delhi Flying Club, established in 1928 with two de Havilland Moth aircraft named Delhi and Roshanara, was based at Safdarjung Airport which started operations in 1929, when it was the Delhi's only airport and the second in India.


Premise: What happens in a fatal four-way?

Hypothesis: One of the most mainstream examples of this is the four-corner match, the most common type of match in the WWE before it was replaced with its equivalent fatal four-way; four wrestlers, each for themselves, fight in a match, but only two wrestlers can be in the match at any given time.


Premise: What were native peoples able to maintain a minimum amount of through treaties?

Hypothesis: Such treaties between colonizers and indigenous peoples are an important part of political discourse in the late 20th and early 21st century, the treaties being discussed have international standing as has been stated in a treaty study by the UN.


Premise: What high school did Eisenhower go to?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower attended Abilene High School and graduated with the class of 1909.


Premise: In the fall of 2014, which school did 14.3% of undergraduates enroll in?

Hypothesis: The Kellogg School of Management's MBA, the School of Law's JD, and the Feinberg School of Medicine's MD are the three largest professional degree programs by enrollment.


Premise: Who acted as protector to Martin Luther when he was under the ban of the Empire?

Hypothesis: The immediate provocation spurring this act was Pope Leo X’s renewal of the indulgence for the building of the new St. Peter's Basilica in 1514.


Premise: How detailed is the description of Jesus' death?

Hypothesis: Scholars note that the reader receives an almost hour-by-hour account of what is happening.:p.91


Premise: What happens to temporary records at the WNRC if they are not retrieved by the end of the retention times?

Hypothesis: Temporary records at WNRC are either retained for a fee or destroyed after retention times has elapsed.


Premise: When did a protest in Delhi occur to protest against Chinese repression in Tibet?

Hypothesis: On April 16, a protest was organised in Delhi "against Chinese repression in Tibet", and was broken up by the police.


Premise: Who led Mexico City?

Hypothesis: The Central Department was integrated by the former municipalities of Mexico City, Tacuba, Tacubaya and Mixcoac.


Premise: Where did early anthropology originate?

Hypothesis: Early anthropology originated in Classical Greece and Persia and studied and tried to understand observable cultural diversity.


Premise: what about the FA Cup winner?

Hypothesis: FA Cup winners enter the Europa League at the group stage.


Premise: Most of the art since the Aztecs took what style?

Hypothesis: From then, artistic expressions in Mexico were mostly religious in theme.


Premise: What institute of technology opened in Bursa in 2010?

Hypothesis: In recent years, Yildiz University is reorganized as Yildiz Technical University and 2 institutes of technology were founded in Kocaeli and Izmir.


Premise: What is a social concept, not a scientific one?

Hypothesis: Venter said, "Race is a social concept.


Premise: Where was the earliest church labeled "Baptist" traced to?

Hypothesis: Baptist practice spread to England, where the General Baptists considered Christ's atonement to extend to all people, while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect.


Premise: Who wrote The City of God?

Hypothesis: Works such as Augustine of Hippo's The City of God synthesized current philosophies and political traditions with those of Christianity, redefining the borders between what was religious and what was political.


Premise: What did Hoover call MLK?

Hypothesis: Hoover responded by publicly calling King the most "notorious liar" in the United States.


Premise: What is the capital of the state of Washington?

Hypothesis: Due to local variations in microclimate, Seattle also receives significantly lower precipitation than some other locations west of the Cascades.


Premise: What is the largest dam ever built in the world?

Hypothesis: The plan is hailed by some as China's efforts to shift towards alternative energy sources and to further develop its industrial and commercial bases, but others have criticised it for its potentially harmful effects, such as massive resettlement of residents in the reservoir areas, loss of archeological sites, and ecological damages.


Premise: How does Samkhya view the universe?

Hypothesis: The universe is described by this school as one created by Purusa-Prakriti entities infused with various permutations and combinations of variously enumerated elements, senses, feelings, activity and mind.


Premise: What is something that Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots do not have in common?

Hypothesis: Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots share a lot in common in their culture but also have differences.


Premise: When did Burke's ancestors arrive in Ireland?

Hypothesis: The Burke dynasty descends from an Anglo-Norman knight surnamed de Burgh (latinised as de Burgo) who arrived in Ireland in 1185 following Henry II of England's 1171 invasion of Ireland.


Premise: Who imposed the rigorous policy of Germanisation?

Hypothesis: After the ceasefire following the Fall of France in June 1940, Alsace was annexed to Germany and a rigorous policy of Germanisation was imposed upon it by the Gauleiter Robert Heinrich Wagner.


Premise: What land was included in the kingdom of Shu?

Hypothesis: Throughout its prehistory and early history, the region and its vicinity in the Yangtze region was the cradle of unique local civilizations which can be dated back to at least the 15th century BC and coinciding with the later years of the Shang and Zhou dynasties in North China.


Premise: Who began spring training in Hot Springs, Arkansas in 1886?

Hypothesis: The Chicago White Stockings, (today's Chicago Cubs), began spring training in Hot Springs, Arkansas in 1886.


Premise: What was one of the first tracks written by Kanye when he was 13?

Hypothesis: No I.D. soon became West's mentor, and it was from him that West learned how to sample and program beats after he received his first sampler at age 15.


Premise: The same team of mosaicists worked on the Church of the Holy Apostles in Thessaloniki as which other building?

Hypothesis: The Church of the Holy Apostles in Thessaloniki was built in 1310–14.


Premise: What kinds of endemic conditions do the Human Assistance Operations entail?

Hypothesis: The assistance provided is designed to supplement or complement the efforts of the host nation civil authorities or agencies that may have the primary responsibility for providing humanitarian assistance" (JP 1-02).


Premise: What is the main defense of human body against eye infections?

Hypothesis: The enzyme lysozyme, found in human tears, also digests the cell wall of bacteria and is the body's main defense against eye infections.


Premise: How did the schoolboys stop Maclean?

Hypothesis: Two schoolboys from Eton College struck him with their umbrellas, until he was hustled away by a policeman.


Premise: How did Milliband explain posing with this newspaper?

Hypothesis: Miliband's decision to pose with a copy of The Sun received a strong response.


Premise: Which former mentor joined the judges' panel this season?

Hypothesis: Randy Jackson and Keith Urban returned, though Jackson moved from the judging panel to the role of in-mentor.


Premise: With what styles did Mughal Rulers merge their Tuko-Persian culture?

Hypothesis: The Mughals, while often employing brutal tactics to subjugate their empire, had a policy of integration with Indian culture, which is what made them successful where the short-lived Sultanates of Delhi had failed.


Premise: When did Murray report people missing because of Blackbirders?

Hypothesis: The Rev. A. W. Murray, the earliest European missionary in Tuvalu, reported that in 1863 about 170 people were taken from Funafuti and about 250 were taken from Nukulaelae, as there were fewer than 100 of the 300 recorded in 1861 as living on Nukulaelae.


Premise: Parts of which towns became part of the Bronx?

Hypothesis: The present Bronx County was contained in the town of Westchester and parts of the towns of Yonkers, Eastchester, and Pelham.


Premise: What was used in the construction of modern aircraft?

Hypothesis: Because they often exhibit a combination of high strength and low weight, these alloys became widely used in many forms of industry, including the construction of modern aircraft.


Premise: Where is the Tucson Folk Festival held?

Hypothesis: Organized by the Tucson Kitchen Musicians Association, volunteers make this festival possible.


Premise: When was President Johnson's speech for John XXIII?

Hypothesis: On 3 December 1963, US President Lyndon B. Johnson posthumously awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States' highest civilian award, in recognition of the good relationship between Pope John XXIII and the United States of America.


Premise: What destinations did sport hunting see elaborate travel to in the pursuit of trophies?

Hypothesis: The safari method of hunting was a development of sport hunting that saw elaborate travel in Africa, India and other places in pursuit of trophies.


Premise: What were incoming nomadic groups known as?

Hypothesis: Some consider that these Canaanite sedentary Israelites melded with incoming nomadic groups known as 'Hebrews'.


Premise: Where do the Lions play?

Hypothesis: All these teams but one play within the city of Detroit itself (the NBA's Detroit Pistons play in suburban Auburn Hills at The Palace of Auburn Hills).


Premise: How did the federal war end?

Hypothesis: The Federal War ended in 1863 with the signing of the Treaty of Coche by both the centralist government of the time and the Federal Forces.


Premise: How many of Oklahoma's 2007 grad students completed their degree?

Hypothesis: Of these students, 18,892 received a bachelor's degree, 5,386 received a master's degree, and 462 received a first professional degree.


Premise: Along with Dante and Boccaccio, who was a notable Italian author of the 14th century?

Hypothesis: This was fed by the growth of the Devotio Moderna movement, most prominently in the formation of the Brethren of the Common Life, but also in the works of German mystics such as Meister Eckhart and Johannes Tauler (d. 1361).


Premise: What type of tubes are generally used for sturdier always of antennas?

Hypothesis: This can often be accomplished simply by connecting resonant elements for the different bands in parallel.


Premise: Why was the lawsuit eventually dismissed?

Hypothesis: The coalition asked for a civil rights investigation into what they described as Harvard's discriminatory admission practices against Asian-American applicants.


Premise: What quality of the PS3 Super Slim was the website Spong excited about?

Hypothesis: The Super Slim model of PS3 has received positive reviews.


Premise: How many soldiers did General Clinton return with?

Hypothesis: Clinton returned in 1780 with 14,000 soldiers.


Premise: What type of food was cheese considered to be in Rome?

Hypothesis: The Roman poet Horace mentions another Roman favorite, the olive, in reference to his own diet, which he describes as very simple: "As for me, olives, endives, and smooth mallows provide sustenance.


Premise: Whose music did Frédéric admire the most and thus provide influence on his work?

Hypothesis: His keyboard style is highly individual and often technically demanding; his own performances were noted for their nuance and sensitivity.


Premise: Where does the Governor's cup take place?

Hypothesis: In Jamestown a timed run takes place up Jacob's Ladder every year, with people coming from all over the world to take part.


Premise: When can the reserve force be called upon?

Hypothesis: The Canadian Armed Forces have a total reserve force of approximately 50,000 primary and supplementary that can be called upon in times of national emergency or threat.


Premise: How often does Elizabeth give interviews?

Hypothesis: A personal note about her faith often features in her annual Christmas message broadcast to the Commonwealth.


Premise: Part of what study is the census of Antarctic marine life?

Hypothesis: A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010.


Premise: What did Sinnreich call the link between lower music sales and peer-to-peer sharing site?

Hypothesis: Professor Aram Sinnreich, in his book The Piracy Crusade, states that the connection between declining music sails and the creation of peer to peer file sharing sites such as Napster is tenuous, based on correlation rather than causation.


Premise: When did the Grand-Canyon mid-air collision happen?

Hypothesis: The act transferred air safety regulation from the CAB to the new FAA, and also gave the FAA sole responsibility for a common civil-military system of air navigation and air traffic control.


Premise: Who invaded Armenia in the 11th century?

Hypothesis: From the 9th to 11th century, Armenian architecture underwent a revival under the patronage of the Bagratid Dynasty with a great deal of building done in the area of Lake Van, this included both traditional styles and new innovations.


Premise: If the transcription is very long, where on the RNA may translation begin?

Hypothesis: The RNA molecule produced by the polymerase is known as the primary transcript and undergoes post-transcriptional modifications before being exported to the cytoplasm for translation.


Premise: What is a rare discipline that Avicenna worked on?

Hypothesis: Ibn Sīnā wrote at least one treatise on alchemy, but several others have been falsely attributed to him.


Premise: What type of group founded Espanyol?

Hypothesis: The founding message of the club was clearly anti-Barcelona, and they disapprovingly saw FC Barcelona as a team of foreigners.


Premise: If necessary being is true in itself, what is contingent?

Hypothesis: Necessary being due to itself (wajib al-wujud bi-dhatihi) is true in itself, while the contingent being is 'false in itself' and 'true due to something else other than itself'.


Premise: Smyth believed a scriptural church should consist only of regenerate believers who have been what?

Hypothesis: " Hence, his conviction was that a scriptural church should consist only of regenerate believers who have been baptized on a personal confession of faith.


Premise: Who designed the City of Arts and Sciences?

Hypothesis: architect Santiago Calatrava produced the futuristic City of Arts and Sciences (Ciutat de les Arts


Premise: When did mosaic fall out of fashion?

Hypothesis: Mosaic fell out of fashion in the Renaissance, though artists like Raphael continued to practise the old technique.


Premise: Who sued Apple, Samsung Electronics and Sandisk in 2007?

Hypothesis: In February 2007, Texas MP3 Technologies sued Apple, Samsung Electronics and Sandisk in eastern Texas federal court, claiming infringement of a portable MP3 player patent that Texas MP3 said it had been assigned.


Premise: What is the most important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms?

Hypothesis: Frequent hand washing remains the most important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms.


Premise: What piece of the PS3 Super Slim's hardware did Spong say was too "fiddly"?

Hypothesis: In addition, you have to close the cover by hand, which can be a bit fiddly if it's upright, and the PS3 won't start reading a disc unless you do [close the cover].


Premise: Freemasons most common in Scandinavia only accept who as members?

Hypothesis: At the other end of the spectrum, "Liberal" or Continental Freemasonry, exemplified by the Grand Orient de France, does not require a declaration of belief in any deity, and accepts atheists (a cause of discord with the rest of Freemasonry).


Premise: When did "Awakenings" come out?

Hypothesis: A 1973 Yorkshire Television documentary and "A Kind of Alaska", a 1985 play by Harold Pinter, were also based on Sacks' book.


Premise: When did construction finish on Devonport Leat?

Hypothesis: The Devonport Leat was constructed to carry fresh drinking water to the expanding town of Devonport and its ever growing dockyard.


Premise: What style of music does Sir Mix-a-Lot and Macklemore represent in Seattle?

Hypothesis: The city is also home to such varied artists as avant-garde jazz musicians Bill Frisell and Wayne Horvitz, hot jazz musician Glenn Crytzer, hip hop artists Sir Mix-a-Lot, Macklemore, Blue Scholars, and Shabazz Palaces, smooth jazz saxophonist Kenny G, classic rock staples Heart and Queensrÿche, and alternative rock bands such as Foo Fighters, Harvey Danger, The Presidents of the United States of America, The Posies, Modest Mouse, Band of Horses, Death Cab for Cutie, and Fleet Foxes.


Premise: What is the climate of North Carolinas coastal plain in the summer?

Hypothesis: The climate of the coastal plain is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean, which keeps conditions mild in winter and moderate, although humid, in summer.


Premise: What is the name of the sampling theorem?

Hypothesis: Because of the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem, frequency reproduction is always strictly less than half of the sampling frequency, and imperfect filters requires a larger margin for error (noise level versus sharpness of filter), so 8 kHz sampling rate limits the maximum frequency to 4 kHz, while 48 kHz maximum sampling rate limits an MP3 to 24 kHz sound reproduction.


Premise: How much of Pakistan's large-scale manufacturing is in Punjab?

Hypothesis: Since independence, Punjab has become the seat of political and economic power; it remains the most industrialised province of Pakistan.


Premise: On what date did the largest mass execution in American history take place?

Hypothesis: They were executed simultaneously on December 26, 1862, in Mankato, Minnesota.


Premise: What is the name of the Duke who pressured Alexander to make peace with Napoleon?

Hypothesis: Moreover, Alexander's pretensions at friendship with Napoleon led the latter to seriously misjudge the true intentions of his Russian counterpart, who would violate numerous provisions of the treaty in the next few years.


Premise: Diesel powered freight deliveries continued through what date?

Hypothesis: It uses the right-of-way for the Santa Monica Air Line that provided electric-powered freight and passenger service between Los Angeles and Santa Monica beginning in the 1920s.


Premise: What professional services network named London the world's capital of higher education?

Hypothesis: According to the QS World University Rankings 2015/16, London has the greatest concentration of top class universities in the world and the international student population around 110,000 which is also more than any other city in the world.


Premise: What weather trend ocured in the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic periods?

Hypothesis: Eventually, tropics were restricted to the equator and areas beyond the tropic lines featured extreme seasonal changes in weather.


Premise: Name two of the metropolitan areas that are enjoyed most frequently by tourist in Myanmar  ?

Hypothesis: The most popular available tourist destinations in Myanmar include big cities such as Yangon and Mandalay; religious sites in Mon State, Pindaya, Bago and Hpa-An; nature trails in Inle Lake, Kengtung, Putao, Pyin Oo Lwin; ancient cities such as Bagan and Mrauk-U; as well as beaches in Nabule, Ngapali, Ngwe-Saung, Mergui.


Premise: On which date were lawsuits filed against Harvard and Chapel Hill?

Hypothesis: On November 17, 2014, Students for Fair Admissions, an offshoot of the Project on Fair Representation, filed lawsuits in federal district court challenging the admissions practices of Harvard University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.


Premise: When were legislative elections held?

Hypothesis: After being delayed several times, legislative elections were held in March 2004.


Premise: Which area of North Africa has hosted Greek communities in the past?

Hypothesis: Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people have always been centered around the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age.


Premise: Which parts of speech aren't normally case-specific in Dutch?

Hypothesis: Nouns and adjectives are not case inflected (except for the genitive of proper nouns (names): -s, -'s or -').


Premise: How many states were originally covered by the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve?

Hypothesis: The Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge is the oldest and largest of nine national wildlife refuges in the state and was founded in 1901, encompassing 59,020 acres (238.8 km2).


Premise: From what year could the Sovereign appoint a person as Commander, Officer or Member of the Order of the British Empire?

Hypothesis: The grade was determined by the same criteria as usual, and not by the level of gallantry (and with more junior people instead receiving the British Empire Medal).


Premise: When did the era of planning start in Himachal Pradesh?

Hypothesis: More than 50% of this expenditure was incurred on road construction since it was felt that without proper transport facilities, the process of planning and development could not be carried to the people, who mostly lived an isolated existence in far away areas.


Premise: Who thought that Avicenna was a Brethren of Purity follower?

Hypothesis: Similar disagreements exist on the background of Avicenna's family, whereas some writers considered them Sunni, some more recent writers contested that they were Shia.


Premise: Who was Eisenhower's budget director?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower's cabinet, consisting of several corporate executives and one labor leader, was dubbed by one journalist, "Eight millionaires and a plumber.


Premise: What is the name of the historical site that site next to Yale's campus?

Hypothesis: Grove Street Cemetery, a National Historic Landmark which lies adjacent to Yale's campus, contains the graves of Roger Sherman, Eli Whitney, Noah Webster, Josiah Willard Gibbs, Charles Goodyear and Walter Camp, among other notable burials.


Premise: What must happen before the Supreme Court will reverse a decision by a lower court refusing to uphold a constitutional law?

Hypothesis: Conversely, any court that refuses to enforce a constitutional statute (where such constitutionality has been expressly established in prior cases) will risk reversal by the Supreme Court.


Premise: What is the name of the earliest medical document?

Hypothesis: The Edwin Smith papyrus is one of the first medical documents still extant, and perhaps the earliest document that attempts to describe and analyse the brain: it might be seen as the very beginnings of modern neuroscience.


Premise: How often was al-Zahf al-Akhdar published?

Hypothesis: Publishing a weekly magazine The Green March (al-Zahf al-Akhdar), in October 1980 they took control of the press.


Premise: What are some characters not originally intended for Unicode?

Hypothesis: This increased the Unicode codespace to over a million code points, which allowed for the encoding of many historic scripts (e.g., Egyptian Hieroglyphs) and thousands of rarely used or obsolete characters that had not been anticipated as needing encoding.


Premise: Which group broke into an FBI office in Media, Pennsylvania?

Hypothesis: In March 1971, the residential office of an FBI agent in Media, Pennsylvania was burglarized by a group calling itself the Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI.


Premise: When did test transmissions of HDTV begin in Europe?

Hypothesis: The first regular broadcasts started on January 1, 2004 when the Belgian company Euro1080 launched the HD1 channel with the traditional Vienna New Year's Concert.


Premise: Which energetic editor rescued The Times from financial collapse in 1890?

Hypothesis: The Times faced financial extinction in 1890 under Arthur Fraser Walter, but it was rescued by an energetic editor, Charles Frederic Moberly Bell.


Premise: When did Presbyterianism arrive in America?

Hypothesis: In time, the presbytery would be joined by two more to form a synod (1717) and would eventually evolve into the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America in 1789.


Premise: From what city did Aeneas bring the lares cult?

Hypothesis: He offered daily cult to his lares and penates, and to his di parentes/divi parentes at his domestic shrines and in the fires of the household hearth.


Premise: What type of event did the Klan intend to have at Notre Dame in March of 1924?

Hypothesis: The Klan decided to have a week-long Klavern in South Bend.


Premise: What Antarctic ice shelf collapsed in 2008?

Hypothesis: In 2002 the Antarctic Peninsula's Larsen-B ice shelf collapsed.


Premise: What event led to the diversification of seed plants?

Hypothesis: The earliest known seed plants date from the latest Devonian Famennian stage.


Premise: On which island in Tuvalu is the hospital?

Hypothesis: The Princess Margaret Hospital on Funafuti is the only hospital in Tuvalu.


Premise: Which treaty had given Hong Kong to Britain?

Hypothesis: Under the terms of the 1842 Treaty of Nanking, Hong Kong Island itself had been ceded to Britain in perpetuity, but the vast majority of the colony was constituted by the New Territories, which had been acquired under a 99-year lease in 1898, due to expire in 1997.


Premise: Kiyomori removed how many court officials to protect his power?

Hypothesis: He also took aggressive actions to safeguard his power when necessary, including the removal and exile of 45 court officials and the razing of two troublesome temples, Todai-ji and Kofuku-ji.


Premise: What is the division of Catalan dialects?

Hypothesis: They are divided into two blocks, Eastern and Western, differing mostly in pronunciation.


Premise: Who established the Tibetan law code?

Hypothesis: According to Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain, leading officials of these organs were all appointed by the central government and were subject to the rule of law.


Premise: Unlike other schools of Samkhya, what attitude makes yoga different?

Hypothesis: In Indian philosophy, Yoga is among other things, the name of one of the six āstika philosophical schools.


Premise: The Demand a Plan video campaign followed what tragic event?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé became an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign donating her song "I Was Here" and its music video, shot in the UN, to the campaign.


Premise: What did the old letter ⟨ѣ⟩ become?

Hypothesis: While these older letters have been abandoned at one time or another, they may be used in this and related articles.


Premise: What is von Neumann algebra?

Hypothesis: A von Neumann algebra is a *-algebra of bounded operators on a Hilbert space that is closed in the weak operator topology and contains the identity operator.


Premise: The Dutchesses brother Leopold was the King of what country?

Hypothesis: By 1836, the Duchess's brother, Leopold, who had been King of the Belgians since 1831, hoped to marry his niece to his nephew, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.


Premise: What did this leader of change believe of the conception of Mary ?

Hypothesis: The Holy Spirit permitted the Virgin Mary to remain a true, natural human being of flesh and blood, just as we.


Premise: Where did both Queen Victoria and her mother reside after she became Queen?

Hypothesis: Her mother was consigned to a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace, and Victoria often refused to see her.


Premise: What was Whitehead's opinion on privacy?

Hypothesis: This led to Lowe himself remarking on the first page of Whitehead's biography, "No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him."


Premise: What rank is Oklahoma Cities television networks for Nielsen?

Hypothesis: The market is also home to several religious stations including TBN owned-and-operated station KTBO-TV (channel 14) and Norman-based Daystar owned-and-operated station KOCM (channel 46).


Premise: For how many years is the Portugal president elected?

Hypothesis: The Assembly of the Republic is a single chamber parliament composed of 230 deputies elected for a four-year term.


Premise: When did Gardezi die?

Hypothesis: The pictured wall of Lahore Fort is the last line in the tile-work in the entire world.


Premise: What was the name of the Chickamauga leader's cousin who helped settlers escape his raids?

Hypothesis: The lives of many settlers were spared from the initial warrior attacks through the warnings of Dragging Canoe's cousin, Nancy Ward.


Premise: What does ischemia refer too?

Hypothesis: Chest pain due to ischemia (a lack of blood and hence oxygen supply) of the heart muscle is termed angina pectoris.


Premise: During Prohibition how high was Nucky Johnson's income?

Hypothesis: Nucky Johnson's income, which reached as much as $500,000 annually, came from the kickbacks he took on illegal liquor, gambling and prostitution operating in the city, as well as from kickbacks on construction projects.


Premise: When was Charles II of England restored to the throne?

Hypothesis: After Charles II of England (1630–1685) was restored to the English throne in 1660 following Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate, he granted the chartered Province of Carolina to eight of his loyal friends, known as the Lords Proprietors, on March 24, 1663.


Premise: What Admiral called Nanjing his home?

Hypothesis: It was home of the admiral Zheng He, who went to sail the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and it was visited by foreign dignitaries, such as a king from Borneo (Boni 渤泥), who died during his visit to China in 1408.


Premise: When was the Kingdom of Pontus taken over by the Roman Republic?

Hypothesis: Despite being ruled by a dynasty which was a descendant of the Persian Achaemenid Empire it became hellenized due to the influence of the Greek cities on the Black Sea and its neighboring kingdoms.


Premise: What year did Bell become President of the National Geographic magazine?

Hypothesis: Although Bell was not one of the 33 founders of the National Geographic Society, he had a strong influence on the magazine while serving as the second president from January 7, 1898 until 1903.


Premise: What was King Faisal's position toward Nasser?

Hypothesis: As a consequence of Saud's scheme, he was forced by senior members of the Saudi royal family to informally cede most of his powers to his brother, King Faisal, a major opponent of Nasser and advocate for pan-Islamic unity over pan-Arabism.


Premise: Who designed the new wing for the palace in 1847?

Hypothesis: By 1847, the couple had found the palace too small for court life and their growing family, and consequently the new wing, designed by Edward Blore, was built by Thomas Cubitt, enclosing the central quadrangle.


Premise: What document labeled the the description of the citizenship policy of Estonia as "discriminatory"?

Hypothesis: When comparing the result with a survey from 2000, then Russians' attitude toward the future is much more positive.


Premise: When did the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum changed locations?

Hypothesis: In October 2006, the Kemper Art Museum moved from its previous location, Steinberg Hall, into a new facility designed by former faculty member Fumihiko Maki.


Premise: Who released 7" microgrooved records in the 1950s?

Hypothesis: One of the first attempts at this was in the 1950s, when inventor Ewing Dunbar Nunn founded the label Audiophile Records, which released, in addition to standard 33 1/3 rpm LPs, 78 rpm-mastered albums that were microgroove and pressed on vinyl (as opposed to traditional 78s, with their shellac composition and wider 3-mil sized grooves).


Premise: What types of animals and plans are confined to a specific geographical area?

Hypothesis: Plant and animal species confined to a specific geographical area are called endemic species.


Premise: When did the Royal Naval Engineering College shut its doors in Plymouth?

Hypothesis: The city was also home to the Royal Naval Engineering College; opened in 1880 in Keyham, it trained engineering students for five years before they completed the remaining two years of the course at Greenwich.


Premise: Which edition of the Guinness Book of World Record states that no female artist sold more records than Madonna?

Hypothesis: In 1999 Madonna signed to play a violin teacher in the film Music of the Heart but left the project, citing "creative differences" with director Wes Craven.


Premise: Excess zinc has what effect on plants?

Hypothesis: Excess zinc is toxic to plants, although zinc toxicity is far less widespread.


Premise: From what building do the two public radio stations broadcast?

Hypothesis: The stations broadcast from the Melcher Center for Public Broadcasting, located on the campus of the University of Houston.


Premise: What is a likely problem of coreless DC motors?

Hypothesis: But because there is no metal mass in the rotor to act as a heat sink, even small coreless motors must often be cooled by forced air.


Premise: Why did they miss that competition?

Hypothesis: It is very rare for top clubs to miss the competition, although it can happen in exceptional circumstances.


Premise: As a result of Resolution 1970, what body was Libya suspended from?

Hypothesis: On 26 February the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1970, suspending Libya from the UN Human Rights Council, implementing sanctions and calling for an International Criminal Court (ICC) investigation into the killing of unarmed civilians.


Premise: What happened with the Devensian glaciation ended?

Hypothesis: As this ended, the central Irish Sea was deglaciated and the English Channel flooded, with sea levels rising to current levels some 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, leaving the British Isles in their current form.


Premise: Who was the first to use the tragic octoroon?

Hypothesis: The first character of this type was the heroine of Lydia Maria Child's "The Quadroons" (1842), a short story.


Premise: How many republics were in the USSR?

Hypothesis: On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.


Premise: The earliest Galician-Portuguese documents date back to which year?

Hypothesis: The earliest known document in Galician-Portuguese dates from 1228.


Premise: What is being lead to specialty roles?

Hypothesis: Guns are being increasingly pushed into specialist roles, such as the Dutch Goalkeeper CIWS, which uses the GAU-8 Avenger 30 mm seven-barrel Gatling gun for last ditch anti-missile and anti-aircraft defence.


Premise: Along with Sony Music Latin, what music recording corporation is located in Miami?

Hypothesis: Miami is also a major music recording center, with the Sony Music Latin and Universal Music Latin Entertainment headquarters in the city, along with many other smaller record labels.


Premise: What element is used typically to establish Avogadro's constant?

Hypothesis: The X-ray crystal density method is primarily a method for determining the Avogadro constant NA but as the Avogadro constant is related to the Planck constant it also determines a value for h.


Premise: In what year was India's constitution drafted?

Hypothesis: According to Indian journalist Harish Khare, "The rule of law or rather the Constitution [is] in danger of being supplanted by the rule of judges."


Premise: How many things were altered after developer version release?

Hypothesis: Windows president Steven Sinofsky said more than 100,000 changes had been made since the developer version went public.


Premise: What years do Polybius books cover?

Hypothesis: His Histories eventually grew to a length of forty books, covering the years 220 to 167 BCE.


Premise: What organ did Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart play on?

Hypothesis: In addition to the cathedral, Strasbourg houses several other medieval churches that have survived the many wars and destructions that have plagued the city: the Romanesque Église Saint-Étienne, partly destroyed in 1944 by Allied bombing raids, the part Romanesque, part Gothic, very large Église Saint-Thomas with its Silbermann organ on which Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Albert Schweitzer played, the Gothic Église protestante Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune with its crypt dating back to the seventh century and its cloister partly from the eleventh century, the Gothic Église Saint-Guillaume with its fine early-Renaissance stained glass and furniture, the Gothic Église Saint-Jean, the part Gothic, part Art Nouveau Église Sainte-Madeleine, etc.


Premise: How long after the National Academy of Science's study did a study on over the counter drugs occur?

Hypothesis: A similarly comprehensive study of over-the-counter products began ten years later.


Premise: How many people did Fitzroy have per km2 between 2012 and 2013?

Hypothesis: According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics as of June 2013, inner city Melbourne had the highest population density with 12,400 people per km2.


Premise: What year did Fortune magazine make predictions about the increased revenue an extended daylight savings would provide?

Hypothesis: In 1984, Fortune magazine estimated that a seven-week extension of DST would yield an additional $30 million for 7-Eleven stores, and the National Golf Foundation estimated the extension would increase golf industry revenues $200 million to $300 million.


Premise: In what areas of philosophy did Hume become a major figure?

Hypothesis: Much of what is incorporated in the scientific method (the nature of knowledge, evidence, experience, and causation) and some modern attitudes towards the relationship between science and religion were developed by his protégés David Hume and Adam Smith.


Premise: What was Nanjing's GDP ranking in all of China for 2013?

Hypothesis: Nanjing's Gross Domestic Product ranked 12th in 2013 in China, and its overall competence ranked 6th in mainland and 8th including Taiwan and Hong Kong in 2009.


Premise: What ancient religion did Greece embrace during the Hellenistic period?

Hypothesis: The religious sphere expanded to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele and the Greek adoption of Buddhism.


Premise: What was the value of this extension?

Hypothesis: NBC Sports reached a six-year extension with the Premier League in 2015 to broadcast the league through the 2021–22 season in a deal valued at $1 billion (£640 million).


Premise: What two ideas did conservative and clerical defenders of traditional religion attack as evil forces that encouraged immorality?

Hypothesis: As the Enlightenment was ending, Romantic philosophers argued that excessive dependence on reason was a mistake perpetuated by the Enlightenment, because it disregarded the bonds of history, myth, faith and tradition that were necessary to hold society together.


Premise: Where did Brasilia place hotels?

Hypothesis: The city's planned design included specific areas for almost everything, including accommodation, Hotels Sectors North and South.


Premise: What is the third mark of existence in Buddhism?

Hypothesis: Not-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman) is the third mark of existence.


Premise: How many tablets were sold in 2Q 2013?

Hypothesis: With the continued miniaturization of computing resources, and advancements in portable battery life, portable computers grew in popularity in the 2000s.


Premise: What was one of the activities the nuns enjoyed?

Hypothesis: Along with sewing and embroidery, nuns often engaged in reading and discussing correspondence from Church leaders.


Premise: Since when have surface mount packages for capacitors been commonly in use?

Hypothesis: Surface mount components avoid undesirable high-frequency effects due to the leads and simplify automated assembly, although manual handling is made difficult due to their small size.


Premise: When was 808s & Heartbreaks released?

Hypothesis: 808s & Heartbreak, which features extensive use of the eponymous Roland TR-808 drum machine and contains themes of love, loneliness, and heartache, was released by Island Def Jam to capitalize on Thanksgiving weekend in November 2008.


Premise: Where did princess Victoria move to after she was married?

Hypothesis: They had been betrothed since September 1855, when Princess Victoria was 14 years old; the marriage was delayed by the Queen and Prince Albert until the bride was 17.


Premise: What backup element is still found on Windows 8?

Hypothesis: It still ships with Windows 8 and continues to work on preset schedules, but is pushed to the background and can only be accessed through a Control Panel applet called "Windows 7 File Recovery".:76 Shadow Copy, a component of Windows Explorer that once saved previous versions of changed files, no longer protects local files and folders.


Premise: What land area is west of Puget Sound?

Hypothesis: Seattle is located between the saltwater Puget Sound (an arm of the Pacific Ocean) to the west and Lake Washington to the east.


Premise: To which century do some researchers attribute the Bergakker inscription?

Hypothesis: Although some placenames recorded in Roman texts could arguably be considered as the oldest "Dutch" single words, like vadam (modern Dutch: wad, English: "mudflat"), the Bergakker inscription yields the oldest evidence of Dutch morphology, but there is no consensus on the interpretation of the rest of the text.


Premise: What is the language of Namibia?

Hypothesis: A large minority of whites (around 30,000) trace their family origins back to the German settlers who colonized Namibia prior to the British confiscation of German lands after World War One, and they maintain German cultural and educational institutions.


Premise: Sky HD's set-top box, TiVo's Series 3, and Dish Network's VIP 622 are examples of what?

Hypothesis: Some cable boxes are capable of receiving or recording two or more broadcasts at a time in HDTV format, and HDTV programming, some included in the monthly cable service subscription price, some for an additional fee, can be played back with the cable company's on-demand feature.


Premise: Who wrote the novel To Kill a Mockingbird?

Hypothesis: To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960.


Premise: Which river in Thuringia is the most important?

Hypothesis: There are no large natural lakes in Thuringia, but it does have some of Germany's biggest dams including the Bleiloch Dam and the Hohenwarte Dam at Saale river same as the Leibis-Lichte Dam and the Goldisthal Pumped Storage Station within the Highland.


Premise: What two forts fell on the same day in 1758?

Hypothesis: Fort Niagara and Fort Carillon on 8 July 1758 fell to sizable British forces, cutting off French frontier forts further west.


Premise: In what issue was Namor, The Sub-Mariner introduced?

Hypothesis: The company's first true editor, writer-artist Joe Simon, teamed with artist and emerging industry notable Jack Kirby to create one of the first patriotically themed superheroes, Captain America, in Captain America Comics #1 (March 1941).


Premise: When did Napoleon graduate?

Hypothesis: Upon graduating in September 1785, Bonaparte was commissioned a second lieutenant in La Fère artillery regiment.[note 4]


Premise: How many countries donated?

Hypothesis: Saudi Arabia was the largest aid donor to China, providing close to €40,000,000 in financial assistance, and an additional €8,000,000 worth of relief materials.


Premise: What feeling usually fills a believer regarding the resurrection?

Hypothesis: Christians believe that through faith in Jesus’ substitutionary death and triumphant resurrection people are reunited with God and receive new joy and power in this life as well as eternal life in heaven after the body’s death.


Premise: How did return current effect water and gas in iron pipes?

Hypothesis: The problem was exacerbated because the return current also had a tendency to flow through nearby iron pipes forming the water and gas mains.


Premise: Which two cultures does Tibetan architecture reflect?

Hypothesis: The dominant religion in Tibet is Tibetan Buddhism; in addition there is Bön, which is similar to Tibetan Buddhism, and there are also Tibetan Muslims and Christian minorities.


Premise: How much higher is the rate of execution in Texas versus the national average?

Hypothesis: Texas, however, executed 40 percent of those sentenced, which was about four times higher than the national average.


Premise: Haredi and Hasidic Jewry have an attachment to what movement?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, Orthodox Jews subscribing to Modern Orthodoxy in its American and UK incarnations, tend to be far more right-wing than both non-orthodox and other orthodox Jews.


Premise: Along with autopsies, what is it erroneously believed that the medieval Church forbade?

Hypothesis: This is untrue, as lecturers in the medieval universities commonly argued that evidence showed the Earth was a sphere.


Premise: What does JTFN stand for?

Hypothesis: Elements of CF-18 squadrons periodically deploy to these airports for short training exercises or Arctic sovereignty patrols.


Premise: What happens outside the 1/1000 second to 1/second exposure range?

Hypothesis: However, this relationship breaks down outside these limits, a phenomenon known as reciprocity failure.


Premise: Where is the Palacio Taranco located?

Hypothesis: The Palacio Taranco is located in front of the Plaza Zabala, in the heart of Ciudad Vieja.


Premise: How long did the Mac Plus remain in production, unchanged?

Hypothesis: The Mac Plus was an immediate success and remained in production, unchanged, until October 15, 1990; on sale for just over four years and ten months, it was the longest-lived Macintosh in Apple's history.


Premise: What indicated the proper direction and angle of descent?

Hypothesis: These indicated the proper direction and angle of descent.


Premise: Greek thought is predominately applying mathematics and what other method?

Hypothesis: Neither reason nor inquiry began with the Ancient Greeks, but the Socratic method did, along with the idea of Forms, great advances in geometry, logic, and the natural sciences.


Premise: How was the PVA transporting supplies at one point?

Hypothesis: In late January, upon finding that the PVA had abandoned their battle lines, General Ridgway ordered a reconnaissance-in-force, which became Operation Roundup (5 February 1951).


Premise: What population has mtDNA and atDNA mutations, making them distinct from other indigenous peoples of the Americas?

Hypothesis: The micro-satellite diversity and distributions of the Y lineage specific to South America indicates that certain indigenous peoples of the Americas populations have been isolated since the initial colonization of the region.


Premise: What are the Nigerian states' sub-divisions called?

Hypothesis: Nigeria is divided into thirty-six states and one Federal Capital Territory, which are further sub-divided into 774 Local Government Areas (LGAs).


Premise: Where is partial migration most common?

Hypothesis: Partial migration is very common in the southern continents; in Australia, 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerine species are partially migratory.


Premise: When did the Safavid Empire peak?

Hypothesis: The Safavid Era peaked in the reign of Abbas the Great, 1587–1629, surpassing their Ottoman arch rivals in strength, and making the empire a leading hub in Western Eurasia for the sciences and arts.


Premise: What do auxins do?

Hypothesis: (IAA), which promotes cell growth, was only isolated from plants about 50 years later.


Premise: What orchestra with a name that starts with "B" has played at the Guildhall?

Hypothesis: Southampton has two large live music venues, the Mayflower Theatre (formerly the Gaumont Theatre) and the Guildhall.


Premise: What are these enlisted positions in the USAF complimented by?

Hypothesis: Most of these are enlisted positions augmented by a smaller number of commissioned officers.


Premise: Where were the Italian American professors employed that asked to be added as an affirmative action category?

Hypothesis: Italian Americans are usually considered white in the US and would not be covered under affirmative action policies, but the professors believed they were underrepresented.


Premise: What cause wives to be unable to move to the US with their Chinese husbands after 1882?

Hypothesis: In 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed, and Chinese workers who chose to stay in the U.S. were unable to have their wives join them.


Premise: What was the source of the misinformation concerning damage to the city's boardwalk?

Hypothesis: "Superstorm Sandy" struck Atlantic City on October 29, 2012, causing flooding and power-outages but left minimal damage to any of the tourist areas including the Boardwalk and casino resorts, despite widespread belief that the city's boardwalk had been destroyed.


Premise: When were the 30 team members sworn in?

Hypothesis: According to Asian Times, sworn in as the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep the Olympic flame alight throughout the journey and to assist in transferring the flame between the torches, the lanterns and the cauldrons.


Premise: When did the clearing of the swamp land and forest begain to rapidly increase?

Hypothesis: Despite this, Britain retained its primeval forests longer than most of Europe due to a small population and later development of trade and industry, and wood shortages were not a problem until the 17th century.


Premise: Why was the Greater London Council established?

Hypothesis: Primarily starting in the mid-1960s, London became a centre for the worldwide youth culture, exemplified by the Swinging London subculture associated with the King's Road, Chelsea and Carnaby Street.


Premise: What was the population density of San Diego in 2009?

Hypothesis: The population density was 3,771.9 people per square mile (1,456.4/km2).


Premise: MP3Gain is important because it allows players without what capability to have adjusted playback?

Hypothesis: ReplayGain is a standard for measuring and storing the loudness of an MP3 file (audio normalization) in its metadata tag, enabling a ReplayGain-compliant player to automatically adjust the overall playback volume for each file.


Premise: What did The Sun state that had it taken sponsorship of?

Hypothesis: Despite this, it was not well received by the troops and copies of The Sun were soon burnt.


Premise: What colony was Roger Williams the founder of?

Hypothesis: The phrase "[A] hedge or wall of separation between the garden of the church and the wilderness of the world" was first used by Baptist theologian Roger Williams, the founder of the colony of Rhode Island, in his 1644 book The Bloody Tenent of Persecution.


Premise: What composer did Kanye West work with for his second album?

Hypothesis: For his second album, Late Registration (2005), he collaborated with film score composer Jon Brion and drew influence from non-rap influences such as English trip hop group Portishead.


Premise: What is one of the activities Telugu Academy is credited with encouraging?

Hypothesis: Literary development is further aided by state institutions such as the State Central Library, the largest public library in the state which was established in 1891, and other major libraries including the Sri Krishna Devaraya Andhra Bhasha Nilayam, the British Library and the Sundarayya Vignana Kendram.


Premise: What is Rio Nuevo?

Hypothesis: The primary project was Rio Nuevo, a large retail and community center that has been stalled in planning for more than ten years.


Premise: What are Germans trying to focus on?

Hypothesis: The evolution in Germany's national identity stems from focusing less on its Nazi past and more on its Prussian history, which many Germans believe was betrayed—and not represented—by Nazism.