Premise: What book did Kerry's ex-wife write?

Hypothesis: In 1982, Julia asked Kerry for a separation while she was suffering from severe depression.


Premise: What is the English connotative understanding of the word madrash?

Hypothesis: A typical Islamic school usually offers two courses of study: a ḥifẓ course teaching memorization of the Qur'an (the person who commits the entire Qurʼan to memory is called a ḥāfiẓ); and an ʻālim course leading the candidate to become an accepted scholar in the community.


Premise: What is the name of the major basketball team in Nanjing?

Hypothesis: As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams.


Premise: Who refuses contact with outsiders on Sentinel Island?

Hypothesis: Another are the Sentinelese of the Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean, who live on North Sentinel Island and to date have maintained their independent existence, repelling attempts to engage with and contact them.[citation needed]


Premise: What is the Arabic for situation?

Hypothesis: Avicenna adds that the 'Necessary-Existent-due-to-Itself' has no genus (jins), nor a definition (hadd), nor a counterpart (nadd), nor an opposite (did), and is detached (bari) from matter (madda), quality (kayf), quantity (kam), place (ayn), situation (wad), and time (waqt).


Premise: Name the six largest European ethnic groups in the city?

Hypothesis: South Philadelphia remains one of the largest Italian neighborhoods in the country and is home to the Italian Market.


Premise: Who from Switzerland was an influential in education?

Hypothesis: In time, some ideas from these experiments and paradigm challenges may be adopted as the norm in education, just as Friedrich Fröbel's approach to early childhood education in 19th-century Germany has been incorporated into contemporary kindergarten classrooms.


Premise: What was the name of the codec that OCF, PFXM and other contributes merged into?

Hypothesis: The first practical implementation of an audio perceptual coder (OCF) in hardware (Krasner's hardware was too cumbersome and slow for practical use), was an implementation of a psychoacoustic transform coder based on Motorola 56000 DSP chips.


Premise: What is the WHO's recipe for ORS?

Hypothesis: A WHO publication for physicians recommends a homemade ORS consisting of one liter water with one teaspoon salt (3 grams) and two tablespoons sugar (18 grams) added (approximately the "taste of tears").


Premise: How old was Gautama when he sat under the Bodhi Tree?

Hypothesis: At the age of 35, he famously sat in meditation under a Ficus religiosa tree now called the Bodhi Tree in the town of Bodh Gaya and vowed not to rise before achieving enlightenment.


Premise: What is it about the approval process of executive agreements might lead a US president to prefer them over treaties?

Hypothesis: Despite the relative ease of executive agreements, the President still often chooses to pursue the formal treaty process over an executive agreement in order to gain congressional support on matters that require the Congress to pass implementing legislation or appropriate funds, and those agreements that impose long-term, complex legal obligations on the United States.


Premise: What is the analysis of linguistic forms and processes linked to?

Hypothesis: Linguistic anthropology (also called anthropological linguistics) seeks to understand the processes of human communications, verbal and non-verbal, variation in language across time and space, the social uses of language, and the relationship between language and culture.


Premise: According to feminist economists McKay and Bjornholt, would type economics should be included in a reshaping?

Hypothesis: Feminist economists Ailsa McKay and Margunn Bjørnholt argue that the financial crisis and the response to it revealed a crisis of ideas in mainstream economics and within the economics profession, and call for a reshaping of both the economy, economic theory and the economics profession.


Premise: Where did Russell and others form their group?

Hypothesis: In June 1879 the two split over doctrinal differences, and in July, Russell began publishing the magazine Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, stating that its purpose was to demonstrate that the world was in "the last days," and that a new age of earthly and human restitution under the reign of Christ was imminent.


Premise: Where is BYU's main campus?

Hypothesis: Brigham Young University (often referred to as BYU or, colloquially, The Y) is a private research university located in Provo, Utah, United States.


Premise: Who was 2006 seller of the Oswald cartoons?

Hypothesis: In 2006, after almost 80 years, NBC Universal sold all Walt Disney-produced Oswald cartoons, along with the rights to the character himself, back to Disney.


Premise: What kind of group runs The Procession?

Hypothesis: The event is organized and funded by the non-profit arts organization Many Mouths One Stomach, with the assistance of many volunteers and donations from the public and local businesses.


Premise: When was Nazi Germany in a one-party system?

Hypothesis: In one-party systems, one political party is legally allowed to hold effective power.


Premise: What makes a copy of an original idea infringing?

Hypothesis: That is, a copy of someone else's original idea is not infringing unless it copies that person's unique, tangible expression of the idea.


Premise: What other element on the periodic table is zinc similar to?

Hypothesis: In some respects zinc is chemically similar to magnesium: its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2.


Premise: What year did the CBC begin contributing funds to the show Doctor Who?

Hypothesis: The CBC similarly contributed to the first season of the spin-off series, Torchwood.


Premise: Growth of solar water heating development has averaged how much per year since 1999

Hypothesis: Development in the solar water heating sector progressed steadily throughout the 1990s and growth rates have averaged 20% per year since 1999.


Premise: Who runs Guam's main health care facility?

Hypothesis: A private hospital, the Guam Regional Medical City opened its doors in early 2016.


Premise: Where was the system released to two separate marketing areas?

Hypothesis: One region consisted of most of mainland Europe (excluding Italy), and distribution there was handled by a number of different companies, with Nintendo responsible for most cartridge releases.


Premise: How much of Iran's 33k megawatt installed capacity was based on oil?

Hypothesis: The addition of new hydroelectric stations and the streamlining of conventional coal and oil-fired stations increased installed capacity to 33,000 megawatts.


Premise: What subject did Dominic particularly love?

Hypothesis: During his studies in Palencia, Spain, he experienced a dreadful famine, prompting Dominic to sell all of his beloved books and other equipment to help his neighbors.


Premise: Which U.S. government agency keeps a large amount of information on genomes?

Hypothesis: The development of new technologies has made it dramatically easier and cheaper to do sequencing, and the number of complete genome sequences is growing rapidly.


Premise: Where was one female Dominican house located?

Hypothesis: Many of the German religious houses that lodged women had been home to communities of women, such as Beguines, that became Dominican once they were taught by the traveling preachers and put under the jurisdiction of the Dominican authoritative structure.


Premise: What city has the most people in Florida

Hypothesis: The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba.


Premise: How does video-conferencing allow multiple parties to communicate with each other?

Hypothesis: A videoconference (also known as a videoteleconference) allows two or more locations to communicate via live, simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions.


Premise: What kind of political separation did not exist in Rome?

Hypothesis: As a result of the Punic Wars (264–146 BC), when Rome struggled to establish itself as a dominant power, many new temples were built by magistrates in fulfillment of a vow to a deity for assuring their military success.


Premise: What did the French believe was overly wasted in artillery with a higher rate of fire?

Hypothesis: Prussian gunners strove for a high rate of fire, which was discouraged in the French army in the belief that it wasted ammunition.


Premise: What sets a contagious disease after from a standard infectious disease?

Hypothesis: Thus, a contagious disease is a subset of infectious disease that is especially infective or easily transmitted.


Premise: Did the crime rate go up or down after the War years?

Hypothesis: A few years later, Philadelphia began to see a rapid drop in homicides and violent crime.


Premise: What word means that ceramics don't absorb liquids?

Hypothesis: They are formed as a glass, and then partially crystallized by heat treatment.


Premise: What was the primary base of the Royal navy during World War I?

Hypothesis: During the First World War, Plymouth was the port of entry for many troops from around the Empire and also developed as a facility for the manufacture of munitions.


Premise: How many million years ago is the Permian period believed to have begun?

Hypothesis: Most extinct orders of insects developed during the Permian period that began around 270 million years ago.


Premise: What year did King Charles II grant a charter to North America?

Hypothesis: By 1663, King Charles II of England granted a charter to start a new colony on the North American continent; it generally established North Carolina's borders.


Premise: What was the goal of Operation Tomahawk?

Hypothesis: The mission was to get behind Chinese forces and block their movement north.


Premise: Why is proper nutrition important?

Hypothesis: Proper nutrition is important for health and functioning, including the prevention of infectious diarrhea.


Premise: What happens whe not as many repo notes are coming due?

Hypothesis: A decrease has the contrary effect.


Premise: Which Emporio Armani fragrance did Beyoncé promote in 2007?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé launched her first official fragrance, Heat in 2010.


Premise: In which century was the House of the Virgin Mary found?

Hypothesis: In the 19th century, a house near Ephesus in Turkey was found, based on the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich, an Augustinian nun in Germany.


Premise: Who noted this particular fear?

Hypothesis: Dr. Cecil Cook, the Northern Territory Protector of Natives, noted that:


Premise: Where did Norman Holmes Pearson work before Yale?

Hypothesis: Also during the 1940s and 1950s, Wyoming millionaire William Robertson Coe made large contributions to the American studies programs at Yale University and at the University of Wyoming.


Premise: For the Pasupatas, how was the union of the soul with God achieved?

Hypothesis: Salvation in Pāśupata involved the union of the soul with God through the intellect.


Premise: What do visps purchase services from?

Hypothesis: VISPs resemble mobile virtual network operators and competitive local exchange carriers for voice communications.


Premise: Along with the Baltic and Spain, in what area were crusades called?

Hypothesis: Popes called for crusades to take place elsewhere besides the Holy Land: in Spain, southern France, and along the Baltic.


Premise: What highway is Tucson's main power plant near?

Hypothesis: The base will soon have the largest solar-generating capacity in the United States Department of Defense after awarding a contract on September 10, 2010, to SunEdison to construct a 14.5 MW PV field on the northwestern side of the base.


Premise: Who are children predominantly employed by?

Hypothesis: Vast majority of child labour is found in rural settings and informal urban economy; children are predominantly employed by their parents, rather than factories.


Premise: Downtown New Haven contributes approximately what amount of the overall tax base for the area?

Hypothesis: Downtown New Haven, occupied by nearly 7,000 residents, has a more residential character than most downtowns.


Premise: Who were the four permanent members of the League of Nations Council?

Hypothesis: However, the Council began with only four permanent members—the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Japan—because the United States, meant to be the fifth permanent member, left because the US Senate voted on 19 March 1920 against the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles, thus preventing American participation in the League.


Premise: What area was Roman Tarraconensis language different from?

Hypothesis: 2nd century, the vocabulary and phonology of Roman Tarraconensis was different from the rest of Roman Hispania.


Premise: The battles between the Greeks and Persians are known as what?

Hypothesis: Led by Athens and Sparta, the Greek victories in the Greco-Persian Wars are considered a pivotal moment in world history, as the 50 years of peace that followed are known as Golden Age of Athens, the seminal period of ancient Greece that laid many of the foundations of Western civilization.


Premise: What type of church is Northwestern University associated with?

Hypothesis: Although they affiliated the university with the Methodist Episcopal Church, they were committed to non-sectarian admissions, believing that Northwestern should serve all people in the newly developing territory.


Premise: What gives bipolar transistors their name?

Hypothesis: Bipolar transistors are so named because they conduct by using both majority and minority carriers.


Premise: How often does Montana voted for a Democratic president?

Hypothesis: Overall, since 1889 the state has voted for Democratic governors 60 percent of the time and Democratic presidents 40 percent of the time, with these numbers being 40/60 for Republican candidates.


Premise: What is LaserDisc playback quality dependent on?

Hypothesis: Another significant issue unique to LaserDisc is one involving the inconsistency of playback quality between different makers and models of player.


Premise: What is an example of co-coperation between predators of different species?

Hypothesis: Social predation offers the possibility of predators to kill creatures larger than those that members of the species could overpower singly.


Premise: When was Rebel Heart released?

Hypothesis: The album, titled Rebel Heart, was released on March 10, 2015.


Premise: What group uses infinite field extensions with topology?

Hypothesis: An advanced generalization of this idea, adapted to the needs of algebraic geometry, is the étale fundamental group.


Premise: What, in nature, is most likely to make things green?

Hypothesis: It is the color of living grass and leaves and as a result is the color most associated with springtime, growth and nature.


Premise: What school oversees the Quito Astronomical Observatory?

Hypothesis: One of the oldest observatories in South America is the Quito Astronomical Observatory.


Premise: An RPG fired at a steep angle has what reflecting off the ground?

Hypothesis: Firing an RPG at steep angles poses a danger to the user, because the backblast from firing reflects off the ground.


Premise: What roles have interpreters occasionally played in history?

Hypothesis: Interpreters have sometimes played crucial roles in history.


Premise: What works do Creative Commons licenses generally apply to?

Hypothesis: Some copyright owners voluntarily reduce the scope of what is considered infringement by employing relatively permissive, "open" licensing strategies: rather than privately negotiating license terms with individual users who must first seek out the copyright owner and ask for permission, the copyright owner publishes and distributes the work with a prepared license that anyone can use, as long as they adhere to certain conditions.


Premise: What squadrons deploy to these locations?

Hypothesis: Elements of CF-18 squadrons periodically deploy to these airports for short training exercises or Arctic sovereignty patrols.


Premise: Who was Duke of Normandy in 1066?

Hypothesis: Normans also settled in Sicily and southern Italy, when Robert Guiscard (d. 1085) landed there in 1059 and established a duchy that later became the Kingdom of Sicily.


Premise: What type of deviations are there from the single phoneme to each grapheme general principle?

Hypothesis: Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and in the use of 'i' and 'j'.[clarification needed]


Premise: What doctrine did Roosevelt give for submarines against Japan?

Hypothesis: Within hours after the Pearl Harbor attack, in retribution against Japan, Roosevelt promulgated a new doctrine: unrestricted submarine warfare against Japan.


Premise: What were all these tents and quilts for?

Hypothesis: The Red Cross Society of China flew 557 tents and 2,500 quilts valued at 788,000 yuan (US$113,000) to Wenchuan County.


Premise: What was Nigeria's region called by the British before the name Nigeria?

Hypothesis: The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country.


Premise: On which channel are committee meetings often shown?

Hypothesis: Dietary and physical activity guidelines from the USDA are presented in the concept of MyPlate, which superseded the food pyramid, which replaced the Four Food Groups.


Premise: WHo could naturalize a polish noble?

Hypothesis: A foreign noble might be naturalised as a Polish noble (Polish: "indygenat") by the Polish king (later, from 1641, only by a general sejm).


Premise: Some of what farmers remained neutral during the civil war?

Hypothesis: Some of the yeoman farmers in the state's mountains and western Piedmont region remained neutral during the Civil War, while some covertly supported the Union cause during the conflict.


Premise: Which well-known river runs in the northern part of the state?

Hypothesis: The lower elevations of the desert zone are found in the north along the Rio Grande which experience hotter temperatures in the summer and winter while the southern portion of the desert zone experiences cooler temperatures due to its higher elevation.


Premise: What sits on top or is flush with the sound table of the Mandolin?

Hypothesis: It usually has a bent sound table, canted in two planes with the design to take the tension of the 8 metal strings arranged in four courses.


Premise: Where does 'The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara' take place?

Hypothesis: The book follows the true story of a young Jewish boy in 1858 Italy who was secretly baptized by a family servant and then kidnapped from his family by the Papal States, where he was raised and trained as a priest, causing international outrage and becoming a media sensation.


Premise: What Manhattan development is the product of land reclamation?

Hypothesis: The city's land has been altered substantially by human intervention, with considerable land reclamation along the waterfronts since Dutch colonial times; reclamation is most prominent in Lower Manhattan, with developments such as Battery Park City in the 1970s and 1980s.


Premise: How expensive was Spielberg and Irving's divorce?

Hypothesis: Then in 1984 they renewed their romance, and in November 1985, they married, already having had a son, Max Samuel.


Premise: What is the act called of giving partners advantages in Digimon?

Hypothesis: This act is called "Digi-Modify" (Card Slash in the Japanese version).


Premise: When did Vazgen acquire his position?

Hypothesis: Fears decreased when Stalin died in 1953 and Nikita Khruschev emerged as the Soviet Union's new leader.


Premise: What is a comon epithet of Apollo as a healer?

Hypothesis: Some common epithets of Apollo as a healer are "paion" (παιών, literally "healer" or "helper") "epikourios" (ἐπικουρώ, "help"), "oulios" (οὐλή, "healed wound", also a "scar" ) and "loimios" (λοιμός, "plague").


Premise: What flame did Theodosius extinguish to remove the Vestals from power?

Hypothesis: Yet Theodosius accepted comparison with Hercules and Jupiter as a living divinity in the panegyric of Pacatus, and despite his active dismantling of Rome's traditional cults and priesthoods could commend his heirs to its overwhelmingly Hellenic senate in traditional Hellenic terms.[clarification needed]


Premise: How far away was the plant located from the epicenter?

Hypothesis: The Tulong reservoir upstream is in danger of collapse.


Premise: Who had to agree to the US's decision to divide Korea at the 38th parallel?

Hypothesis: Explaining the choice of the 38th parallel, Rusk observed, "even though it was further north than could be realistically reached by U.S. forces, in the event of Soviet disagreement...we felt it important to include the capital of Korea in the area of responsibility of American troops".


Premise: From what time period are the oldest artifacts in Kathmandu museums?

Hypothesis: Kathmandu is home to a number of museums and art galleries, including the National Museum of Nepal and the Natural History Museum of Nepal.


Premise: Why are older neighborhoods in San Diego popular with cyclists?

Hypothesis: Testament to San Diego's cycling efforts, in 2006, San Diego was rated as the best city for cycling for U.S. cities with a population over 1 million.


Premise: What sea is an integral part of the Burma landscape ?

Hypothesis: It is bounded by Laos and Thailand to the southeast.


Premise: How many months did the songwriters work on the movie via videoconferencing?

Hypothesis: For example, for the 2013 award-winning animated film Frozen, Burbank-based Walt Disney Animation Studios hired the New York City-based husband-and-wife songwriting team of Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez to write the songs, which required two-hour-long transcontinental videoconferences nearly every weekday for about 14 months.


Premise: Around what percentage of the Roman populace were thought to be slaves?

Hypothesis: It is estimated that over 25% of the Roman population was enslaved.


Premise: In what year was the British protectorate over British Somaliland ended?

Hypothesis: British Somaliland remained a protectorate of Britain until 1960.


Premise: What was the  "Overseas Contingency Operations" renamed to in 2010?

Hypothesis: In March 2009 the Defense Department officially changed the name of operations from "Global War on Terror" to "Overseas Contingency Operation" (OCO).


Premise: Who extended the telegraph to the coast of the Black Sea?

Hypothesis: When the British laid an underwater cable to the Crimean peninsula in April 1855, news reached London in a few hours.


Premise: Which film did Kaminski first work with Spielberg on?

Hypothesis: An example of this is his production relationship with Kathleen Kennedy who has served as producer on all his major films from E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial to the recent Lincoln.


Premise: What was introduced in 1939?

Hypothesis: In 1939 a Machine Fuse Setter was introduced to eliminate manual fuse setting.


Premise: What year was the Spanish governor expelled?

Hypothesis: Juan Antonio Lavalleja and his band called the Treinta y Tres Orientales ("Thirty-Three Orientals") re-established the independence of the region in 1825.


Premise: What was the term for the liberal groups appearing at this time?

Hypothesis: The remaining 15% of COINTELPRO resources were expended to marginalize and subvert white hate groups, including the Ku Klux Klan and the National States' Rights Party.


Premise: A stepper system's motor is relied on to not do what?

Hypothesis: A servo system differs from some stepper motor applications in that the position feedback is continuous while the motor is running; a stepper system relies on the motor not to "miss steps" for short term accuracy, although a stepper system may include a "home" switch or other element to provide long-term stability of control.


Premise: In what year did Eisenhower graduate from high school?

Hypothesis: They made a pact to take alternate years at college while the other worked to earn the tuitions.


Premise: When did Diogo Cao explore Namibia?

Hypothesis: The first Europeans to disembark and explore the region were the Portuguese navigators Diogo Cão in 1485 and Bartolomeu Dias in 1486; still the region was not claimed by the Portuguese crown.


Premise: When did the Sassanid Empire succeed the Parthian Empire in control of Iran?

Hypothesis: The Parthian Empire continued as a feudal monarchy for nearly five centuries, until 224 CE, when it was succeeded by the Sassanid Empire.


Premise: What will happen if the heat from a high-power LED is not removed?

Hypothesis: If the heat from a HP-LED is not removed, the device will fail in seconds.


Premise: On what date did the NTC announce Gaddafi's burial?

Hypothesis: On 25 October, the NTC announced that Gaddafi had been buried at an unidentified location in the desert; Al Aan TV showed amateur video footage of the funeral.


Premise: What attractions does Portugal have to offer tourists?

Hypothesis: Travel and tourism continue to be extremely important for Portugal, with visitor numbers forecast to increase significantly in the future.[citation needed]


Premise: Which country probably coined the term air defence?

Hypothesis: The term air defence was probably first used by Britain when Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) was created as a Royal Air Force command in 1925.


Premise: MEG of the brain is an abbreviation of what?

Hypothesis: Each part of the brain shows a mixture of rhythmic and nonrhythmic activity, which may vary according to behavioral state.


Premise: When was a rival foothold  attempted at Bolama?

Hypothesis: For a brief period in the 1790s, the British tried to establish a rival foothold on an offshore island, at Bolama.


Premise: What is tetrachromatic?

Hypothesis: Birds are tetrachromatic, possessing ultraviolet (UV) sensitive cone cells in the eye as well as green, red and blue ones.


Premise: Which BYU station offers content in both Spanish and Portugese?

Hypothesis: The BYU Broadcasting Technical Operations Center is an HD production and distribution facility that is home to local PBS affiliate KBYU-TV, local classical music station KBYU-FM Classical 89, BYU Radio, BYU Radio Instrumental, BYU Radio International, BYUtv and BYU Television International with content in Spanish and Portuguese (both available via terrestrial, satellite, and internet signals).


Premise: The royal court of Chowmahalla palace is an example what style of architecture?

Hypothesis: It showcases a diverse array of architectural styles, from the Baroque Harem to its Neoclassical royal court.


Premise: In what year was this genome sequenced?

Hypothesis: The genome or hereditary information contained in the genes of this species is encoded by about 135 million base pairs of DNA, forming one of the smallest genomes among flowering plants.


Premise: In what year were the various versions of the Catholic mass finally synthesized?

Hypothesis: The Mass of Paul VI was also in Latin but approval was given for the use of vernacular languages.


Premise: When did Kerry leave the DA's office?

Hypothesis: Kerry thus decided to leave, departing in 1979 with assistant DA Roanne Sragow to set up their own law firm.


Premise: When did Espartero rule?

Hypothesis: During the regency of Maria Cristina, Espartero ruled Spain for two years as its 18th Prime Minister from 16 September 1840 to 21 May 1841.


Premise: What do ecstatic mystics hope to achieve?

Hypothesis: The Europeans of the order embraced ecstatic mysticism on a grand scale and looked to a union with the Creator.


Premise: What was the rejection rate of the quota system by the French speaking part of Switzerland?

Hypothesis: Some news commentators claim that this proposal de facto contradicts the bilateral agreements on the free movement of persons from these respective countries.


Premise: Who was controversial among Freemasons?

Hypothesis: However, Pike, although undoubtedly learned, was not a spokesman for Freemasonry and was also controversial among Freemasons in general.


Premise: How many people can attend an American Idol finale at the Dolby Theatre?

Hypothesis: For seasons one, three through six, and fourteen, it was broadcast from the Dolby Theatre, which has an audience capacity of approximately 3,400.


Premise: What liturgical form besides motets endured throughout the entire Renaissance period?

Hypothesis: The principal liturgical forms which endured throughout the entire Renaissance period were masses and motets, with some other developments towards the end, especially as composers of sacred music began to adopt secular forms (such as the madrigal) for their own designs.


Premise: What religions were practiced in the region from first centry CE to 4th centry CE?

Hypothesis: Later the Hephthalite Empire, a collection of nomadic tribes, moved into the region and Arabs brought Islam in the early eighth century.


Premise: Who became the second Karmapa Lama?

Hypothesis: (1203–1283)—the head lama of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism—rejected Kublai's invitation, so instead Kublai invited Drogön Chögyal Phagpa (1235–1280), successor and nephew of Sakya Pandita, who came to his court in 1253.


Premise: What is a name for the reduced complement of genetic material necessary for an organism to live?

Hypothesis: Since genomes are very complex, one research strategy is to reduce the number of genes in a genome to the bare minimum and still have the organism in question survive.


Premise: Who was an example of an excessively loyal samurai?

Hypothesis: Despite the rampant romanticism of the 20th century, samurai could be disloyal and treacherous (e.g., Akechi Mitsuhide), cowardly, brave, or overly loyal (e.g., Kusunoki Masashige).


Premise: What people form the largest ethnic group in the city?

Hypothesis: People of Irish descent form the largest single ethnic group in the city, making up 15.8% of the population, followed by Italians, accounting for 8.3% of the population.


Premise: How much did France pay for Sundgau?

Hypothesis: This situation prevailed until 1639, when most of Alsace was conquered by France so as to keep it out of the hands of the Spanish Habsburgs, who wanted a clear road to their valuable and rebellious possessions in the Spanish Netherlands.


Premise: In a recipe, what would you call the list of each source of starch in beer?

Hypothesis: A mixture of starch sources may be used, with a secondary starch source, such as maize (corn), rice or sugar, often being termed an adjunct, especially when used as a lower-cost substitute for malted barley.


Premise: How do animals use plants?

Hypothesis: Chemicals obtained from the air, soil and water form the basis of all plant metabolism.


Premise: What percentage of the apartment homes in Bern were occupied in 2000?

Hypothesis: In 2000[update], a total of 65,538 apartments (90.6% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 5,352 apartments (7.4%) were seasonally occupied and 1,444 apartments (2.0%) were empty.


Premise: Why are LEDs preferred for machine vision systems?

Hypothesis: LEDs constitute a nearly ideal light source for machine vision systems for several reasons:


Premise: What was the likely cause of death for Chopin?

Hypothesis: Through most of his life, Chopin suffered from poor health.


Premise: What turned the battle for Olmutz against Frederick?

Hypothesis: East Prussia had been occupied by Russian forces over the winter and would remain under their control until 1762, although Frederick did not see the Russians as an immediate threat and instead entertained hopes of first fighting a decisive battle against Austria that would knock them out of the war.


Premise: What new movement is aimed at opening dialogue between the government and opposition?

Hypothesis: The group consists of ordinary citizens and some people close to the government.


Premise: Who oversees Plymouth's sewers?

Hypothesis: Plymouth City Council is responsible for waste management throughout the city and South West Water is responsible for sewerage.


Premise: The first large scale dam project was initiated on which river?

Hypothesis: In 1908 the Chihuahuan State Penitentiary was built, and the construction on the first large scale dam project was initiated on the Chuviscar River.


Premise: Who signed the Treaty of Sevres?

Hypothesis: At the end of the war, the victorious powers sought to divide up the Ottoman Empire.


Premise: When did California's largest wildfire of the century take place?

Hypothesis: In addition to damage caused by the fire, smoke resulted in a significant increase in emergency room visits due to asthma, respiratory problems, eye irritation, and smoke inhalation; the poor air quality caused San Diego County schools to close for a week.


Premise: For Sunni Islam, what does the word Imam commonly mean?

Hypothesis: For Sunni Islam, the word is commonly used to mean a person who leads the course of prayer in the mosque.


Premise: Who was the European partner of the Iroquois?

Hypothesis: Although the Algonquin tribes and the Seven Nations were not directly concerned with the fate of the Ohio River Valley, they had been victims of the Iroquois Confederation.


Premise: What were the names given for the two groups that heavily dominated Alsace during this time?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, Mömpelgard (Montbéliard) to the southwest of Alsace, belonging to the Counts of Württemberg since 1397, remained a Protestant enclave in France until 1793.


Premise: In which Federalist paper did James Madison state that the legislative branch of government was predominate?

Hypothesis: The Constitution does not explicitly indicate the pre-eminence of any particular branch of government.


Premise: What can be wagered in a match?

Hypothesis: While true exhibition matches are not uncommon, most matches tell a story analogous to a scene in a play or film, or an episode of a serial drama: The face will sometimes win (triumph) or sometimes lose (tragedy).


Premise: Which two groups followed the first inhabitants?

Hypothesis: The land within the borders of current Portugal has been continuously settled and fought over since prehistoric times.


Premise: Who came up with the Armenian alphabet?

Hypothesis: Early Armenian literature was written by the "father of Armenian history", Moses of Chorene, who authored The History of Armenia.


Premise: Where did the US Army's 419th and 601st locate at to defend London?

Hypothesis: The 419th and 601st Antiaircraft Gun Battalions of the US Army were first allocated to the Folkestone-Dover coast to defend London, and then moved to Belgium to become part of the "Antwerp X" project.


Premise: What is one of the notable recordings included?

Hypothesis: In recent years a large number of wartime recordings relating to the Blitz have been made available on audiobooks such as The Blitz, The Home Front and British War Broadcasting.


Premise: How many horsemen did Osman I's father bring to aid the Seljuks of Rum?

Hypothesis: It is not well understood how the early Ottomans came to dominate their neighbours, as the history of medieval Anatolia is still little known.


Premise: What did the Super Game Boy 2 add?

Hypothesis: Japan also saw the release of the Super Game Boy 2, which added a communication port to enable a second Game Boy to connect for multiplayer games.


Premise: How does the Everton FC promote fans to purchase away tickets?

Hypothesis: The club implements a loyalty points scheme offering the first opportunity to purchase away tickets to season ticket holders who have attended the most away matches.


Premise: What is the atomic number for Zinc?

Hypothesis: Zinc is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30.


Premise: Which artist resided in Delray?

Hypothesis: Hooker, among other important blues musicians migrated from his home in Mississippi bringing the Delta blues to northern cities like Detroit.


Premise: How many mathematical treatises have still managed to survive to this day?

Hypothesis: These are the Book on Numbers and Computation, the Arithmetical Classic of the Gnomon and the Circular Paths of Heaven and the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art.


Premise: The Helvetii occupied which region?

Hypothesis: The Raetians lived in the eastern regions, while the west was occupied by the Helvetii and the Allobrogi settled in the Rhone valley and in Savoy.


Premise: What did Nasser symbolize?

Hypothesis: The extent of Nasser's centrality in the region made it a priority for incoming Arab nationalist heads of state to seek good relations with Egypt, in order to gain popular legitimacy from their own citizens.


Premise: What do ancient Hindu writings identify as the means to knowledge and truth?

Hypothesis: For example, the Cārvāka nāstika philosophy holds that only one (perception) is an epistemically reliable means of knowledge, the Samkhya school holds three are (perception, inference and testimony), while the Mīmāṃsā and Advaita schools hold all six are epistemically useful and reliable means to knowledge.


Premise: What was brought forth by religion in Rome?

Hypothesis: Some public rituals could be conducted only by women, and women formed what is perhaps Rome's most famous priesthood, the state-supported Vestals, who tended Rome's sacred hearth for centuries, until disbanded under Christian domination.


Premise: After the war, Sergei Korolev was known under what title?

Hypothesis: His identity was kept a state secret throughout the Cold War, and he was identified publicly only as "the Chief Designer."


Premise: Who's work undermined Douglass  Coopers terms describing Cubism?

Hypothesis: Alternative interpretations of Cubism have therefore developed.


Premise: After a flood in what year did Hyderabad expand?

Hypothesis: After the 1908 flooding of the Musi River, the city was expanded and civic monuments constructed, particularly during the rule of Mir Osman Ali Khan (the VIIth Nizam), whose patronage of architecture led to him being referred to as the maker of modern Hyderabad.


Premise: What is one disease that has been nearly eradicated thanks to vaccines and antibiotics?

Hypothesis: Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world.


Premise: What was the value of the deal reported to be at the time?

Hypothesis: On February 13, it was reported that Time Warner Cable agreed to the acquisition.


Premise: Who was the first person to carry the torch?

Hypothesis: The actress Maria Nafpliotou, in the role of a High Priestess, ignited the torch of the first torchbearer, a silver medalist of the 2004 Summer Olympics in taekwondo Alexandros Nikolaidis from Greece, who handed the flame over to the second torchbearer, Olympic champion in women's breaststroke Luo Xuejuan from China.


Premise: What two points did he write about?

Hypothesis: Following al-Farabi's lead, Avicenna initiated a full-fledged inquiry into the question of being, in which he distinguished between essence (Mahiat) and existence (Wujud).


Premise: Who has the power to destroy bad karma?

Hypothesis: In Theravada Buddhism there can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma, since it is a purely impersonal process that is a part of the makeup of the universe.[citation needed]


Premise: What does diaphoresis refer to?

Hypothesis: These symptoms are likely induced by a massive surge of catecholamines from the sympathetic nervous system, which occurs in response to pain and the blood flow abnormalities that result from dysfunction of the heart muscle.


Premise: Which levels of Xbox Live membership may access the Marketplace?

Hypothesis: The Xbox Live Marketplace is a virtual market designed for the console that allows Xbox Live users to download purchased or promotional content.


Premise: How many people watched on average for season two?

Hypothesis: The season attracted an average of 21.7 million viewers, and was placed second overall amongst the 18–49 age group.


Premise: In what year was Plymouth Porcelain founded?

Hypothesis: As an associate and host of engineer John Smeaton he was indirectly involved with the development of the Eddystone Lighthouse.


Premise: Regarding atoms, what are values in between certain energy levels considered by the Planck constant?

Hypothesis: In many cases, such as for monochromatic light or for atoms, this quantum of action also implies that only certain energy levels are allowed, and values in between are forbidden.


Premise: Which ruler is responsible for Armenias prosperity?

Hypothesis: The kingdom became fully sovereign from the sphere of influence of the Seleucid Empire in 190 BC under King Artaxias I and begun the rule of the Artaxiad dynasty.


Premise: What ancient Greek word is the word 'gene' derived from?

Hypothesis: Gene was coined in 1909 by Danish botanist Wilhelm Johannsen to describe the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity, while the related word genetics was first used by William Bateson in 1905.


Premise: What old ally did Nasser turn against?

Hypothesis: Several influential communists were arrested, including Nasser's old comrade Khaled Mohieddin, who had been allowed to re-enter Egypt in 1956.


Premise: Pumped-storage hydroelectricity stores energy in what form?

Hypothesis: The energy is recovered when demand is high by releasing the water, with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator.


Premise: Was the administration of George Washington nonpartisan?

Hypothesis: The administration of George Washington and the first few sessions of the United States Congress were nonpartisan.


Premise: Do official political parties exist in a nonpartisan system?

Hypothesis: Unless there are legal prohibitions against political parties, factions within nonpartisan systems often evolve into political parties.


Premise: What percentage of emigrant workers in Thailand that are from Myanmar ?

Hypothesis: Burmese migrant workers account for 80% of Thailand's migrant workers.


Premise: When did Rome begin using leeches?

Hypothesis: More recently leeches have been used to assist in microsurgery, and their saliva has provided anti-inflammatory compounds and several important anticoagulants, one of which also prevents tumors from spreading.


Premise: What was the outcome of the Battle of Manzikert for the Seljuk Turks?

Hypothesis: The Byzantine rule was short lived, as in 1071 Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantines and conquered Armenia at the Battle of Manzikert, establishing the Seljuk Empire.


Premise: In what year was yellow uranium oxide glass discovered?

Hypothesis: Yellow glass with 1% uranium oxide was found in a Roman villa on Cape Posillipo in the Bay of Naples, Italy, by R. T. Gunther of the University of Oxford in 1912.


Premise: What type of organisms exist and injure tissue in infected wounds?

Hypothesis: Wound colonization refers to nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound, while in infected wounds, replicating organisms exist and tissue is injured.


Premise: Where was the last sea battle of the Korean War?

Hypothesis: The last sea battle of the Korean War occurred at Inchon, days before the Battle of Incheon; the ROK ship PC-703 sank a North Korean mine layer in the Battle of Haeju Island, near Inchon.


Premise: What level of dielectric absorption would a tantalum electrolytic capacitor display?

Hypothesis: Capacitors made with any type of dielectric material will show some level of "dielectric absorption" or "soakage".


Premise: What is one of the senior officer titles of the Cyprus air force?

Hypothesis: The Evangelos Florakis Naval Base explosion, which occurred on 11 July 2011, was the most deadly military accident ever recorded in Cyprus.


Premise: What kind of protocol is the Robots Exclusion Standard?

Hypothesis: Robots.txt is used as part of the Robots Exclusion Standard, a voluntary protocol the Internet Archive respects that disallows bots from indexing certain pages delineated by its creator as off-limits.


Premise: In which year did Gonzalez receive renomination?

Hypothesis: After a review of the situation, Simón Elías González declared that the interests of the territory would be best served by uniting the civil and military power, at least while the campaign lasted.


Premise: Which friend received the letter in which Chopin referenced Liszt?

Hypothesis: Liszt was in attendance at Chopin's Parisian debut on 26 February 1832 at the Salle Pleyel, which led him to remark: "The most vigorous applause seemed not to suffice to our enthusiasm in the presence of this talented musician, who revealed a new phase of poetic sentiment combined with such happy innovation in the form of his art."


Premise: What did Pinnacle Entertainment intend to replace the Sands Atlantic City with?

Hypothesis: While Pinnacle Entertainment intended to replace it with a $1.5–2 billion casino resort, the company canceled its construction plans and plans to sell the land.


Premise: Why did Gamper want Barcelona to acquire a stadium of its own?

Hypothesis: Hans Gamper — now known as Joan Gamper — became club president in 1908, finding the club in financial difficulty after not winning a competition since the Campionat de Catalunya in 1905.


Premise: What is a group of theropods which include dromaeosaurs and oviraptorids?

Hypothesis: Based on fossil and biological evidence, most scientists accept that birds are a specialized subgroup of theropod dinosaurs, and more specifically, they are members of Maniraptora, a group of theropods which includes dromaeosaurs and oviraptorids, among others.


Premise: What accounts are form the basis of much of the accounts in the Quran?

Hypothesis: It sometimes offers detailed accounts of specific historical events, and it often emphasizes the moral significance of an event over its narrative sequence.


Premise: What would believers do when they had a problem?

Hypothesis: The deputy would ascertain his verdict, endorse it with his seal and signature and return it to the relevant parties.


Premise: How was the proposal taken from mainland and aboriginal groups?

Hypothesis: Because of these objections, support for this measure was lukewarm among moderate Taiwan independence supporters, and the proposal did not pass.


Premise: Comics were quoted as a sabotage of art and what?

Hypothesis: Following the success of Le Journal de Mickey (1934–44), dedicated comics magazines and full-colour comics albums became the primary outlet for comics in the mid-20th century.


Premise: Which species are great wanderers?

Hypothesis: The tubenoses spread widely over large areas of open ocean, but congregate when food becomes available.


Premise: What is almost never mixed or confused with studies of the Ancient Near East?

Hypothesis: Expertise on the modern Middle East is almost never mixed or confused with studies of the Ancient Near East, although often "Ancient Near East" is abbreviated to "Near East" without any implication of modern times.


Premise: What rating did Ars Technica initially give PlayStation 3?

Hypothesis: Ars Technica's original launch review gave PS3 only a 6/10, but second review of the console in June 2008 rated it a 9/10.


Premise: What was the occupation of the person who devised the Tanner categorization system?

Hypothesis: The changes in secondary sex characteristics that take place during puberty are often referred to in terms of five Tanner stages, named after the British pediatrician who devised the categorization system.


Premise: What is Tucson's Fox station?

Hypothesis: The major television networks serving Tucson are: KVOA 4 (NBC), KGUN 9 (ABC), KMSB-TV 11 (Fox), KOLD-TV 13 (CBS), KTTU 18 (My Network TV) and KWBA 58 (The CW).


Premise: What is the climate range for Namibia?

Hypothesis: Namibia extends from 17°S to 25°S: climatically the range of the sub-Tropical High Pressure Belt, arid is the overall climate description descending from the Sub-Humid (mean rain above 500 mm) through Semi-Arid between 300 and 500 mm (embracing most of the waterless Kalahari) and Arid from 150 to 300 mm (these three regions are inland from the western escarpment) to the Hyper-Arid coastal plain with less than a 100 mm mean.


Premise: Under what name do research laboratories operated by IBM work under?

Hypothesis: As of 2013[update] the company held the record for most patents generated by a business for 22 consecutive years.


Premise: What was Jin Jing called by ethnic Chinese?

Hypothesis: She received praise from ethnic Chinese worldwide as "Angel in Wheelchair".


Premise: In what year did SCA buy CBS Records?

Hypothesis: On November 17, 1987, SCA acquired CBS Records, which hosted such acts as Michael Jackson, for US$2 billion.


Premise: Who was the 1st Marquis of Pombal?

Hypothesis: In 1738, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, began a diplomatic career as the Portuguese Ambassador in London and later in Vienna.


Premise: What stopped the planned siege at St. Malo?

Hypothesis: Worsening weather forced the two armies to separate: the ships sailed for the safer anchorage of St. Cast, while the army proceeded overland.


Premise: What on Neptune are associated with dark spots that are brighter?

Hypothesis: Often associated with dark spots are brighter, persistent methane clouds that form around the tropopause layer.


Premise: When did Nintendo announce both versions of Twilight Princess would be available at the Wii launch?

Hypothesis: However, support for the Wii controller did not make it into the GameCube release.


Premise: What will the uniform be at Madrasah Al-Arabiah Al-Islamiah?

Hypothesis: In 2009, MUIS introduced the "Joint Madrasah System" (JMS), a joint collaboration of Madrasah Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiah primary school and secondary schools Madrasah Aljunied Al-Islamiah (offering the ukhrawi, or religious stream) and Madrasah Al-Arabiah Al-Islamiah (offering the academic stream).


Premise: What year did the Second Macedonian War begin?

Hypothesis: Once the Second Punic War had been resolved, and the Romans had begun to regather their strength, they looked to re-assert their influence in the Balkans, and to curb the expansion of Philip.


Premise: Whose paleontology work in the 1790s established the reality of extinction?

Hypothesis: His palæontological work in the 1790s had established the reality of extinction, which he explained by local catastrophes, followed by repopulation of the affected areas by other species.


Premise: What are the two phases when steel becomes heterogenous?

Hypothesis: The steel then becomes heterogeneous, being formed of two phases; the carbon (carbide) phase cementite, and ferrite.


Premise: What may be used to weight the importance of components?

Hypothesis: Once transformed, typically into the frequency domain, component frequencies can be allocated bits according to how audible they are.


Premise: According to democratic rules of the 106th congress what committee does minority leader chair?

Hypothesis: He or she is a member of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee; names the members of the Democratic Leadership Council; chairs the Policy Committee; and heads the Steering Committee.


Premise: What case is in regards to whether prayers at town meetings must allow various faiths?

Hypothesis: In what will be the case is Town of Greece v. Galloway, 12-696, the Supreme Court agreed to hear a case regarding whether prayers at town meetings, which are allowed, must allow various faiths to lead prayer, or whether the prayers can be predominately Christian.


Premise: When are Jehovah Witnesses advised to discontinue Bibles studies with students?

Hypothesis: Witnesses are taught they are under a biblical command to engage in public preaching.


Premise: What do the Vedas describe?

Hypothesis: The Vedas, the earliest texts on Indian philosophy and Hindu philosophy, dating back to the late 2nd millennium BC, describe ancient Hindu cosmology, in which the universe goes through repeated cycles of creation, destruction, and rebirth, with each cycle lasting 4,320,000 years.


Premise: What is the one culinary tradition that is present among all Somali regional cuisines?

Hypothesis: Despite the variety, there remains one thing that unites the various regional cuisines: all food is served halal.


Premise: In what year did the Fourth Crusade occur?

Hypothesis: In 1203, the Fourth Crusade was diverted from the Holy Land to Constantinople, and captured the city in 1204, setting up a Latin Empire of Constantinople and greatly weakening the Byzantine Empire.


Premise: Which English philosopher wrote Leviathan in 1651?

Hypothesis: John Locke, one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers, based his governance philosophy in social contract theory, a subject that permeated Enlightenment political thought.


Premise: About how many South Africans speak Afrikaans as their primary language?

Hypothesis: In total, Afrikaans is the first language in South Africa alone of about 6.8 million people and is estimated to be a second language for at least 10 million people worldwide, compared to over 23 million and 5 million respectively, for Dutch.


Premise: The Free Hanseatic City of Bremen includes which cities?

Hypothesis: With an emphasis on geographical conditions, Berlin and Hamburg are frequently called Stadtstaaten (city-states), as is the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, which in fact includes the cities of Bremen and Bremerhaven.


Premise: What type of journal were Primer's work on Charleston's accent published?

Hypothesis: The rapidly disappearing "Charleston accent" is still noted in the local pronunciation of the city's name.


Premise: What is used by Mahayana followers to name the early schools?

Hypothesis: Buddhists themselves have a variety of other schemes.


Premise: What group of now extinct seed plants had many of the traits of what are now flowering plants?

Hypothesis: Gigantopterids are a group of extinct seed plants that share many morphological traits with flowering plants, although they are not known to have been flowering plants themselves.


Premise: How can better service quality be achieved?

Hypothesis: The reasons may include electric trains being seen as more modern and attractive to ride, faster and smoother service, and the fact that electrification often goes hand in hand with a general infrastructure and rolling stock overhaul / replacement, which leads to better service quality (in a way that theoretically could also be achieved by doing similar upgrades yet without electrification).


Premise: How is the standard used there?

Hypothesis: In this way, for instance, IEC says it is correct writing cantam as much as cantem ('we sing') but the University says that the priority form in the Balearic Islands must be "cantam" in all fields.


Premise: Whose troops threatened reprisals in Valencia?

Hypothesis: During this period of upheaval in the provinces he declared that all the estates of the Church, its congregations, and its religious orders were national property—though in Valencia, most of this property was subsequently acquired by the local bourgeoisie.


Premise: How certain is it that these circadian clock  effects are the same in humans?

Hypothesis: However, it is not clear whether there is a strong association between clock gene polymorphisms in humans and the susceptibility to develop the metabolic syndrome.


Premise: How much CO2 emission would a 40-watt light bulb produce after 10 hours?

Hypothesis: A building’s carbon footprint from lighting can therefore be reduced by 85% by exchanging all incandescent bulbs for new LEDs if a building previously used only incandescent bulbs.


Premise: Portugal modernized its public cultural facilities during what two decades?

Hypothesis: These include the Belém Cultural Centre in Lisbon, Serralves Foundation and the Casa da Música, both in Porto, as well as new public cultural facilities like municipal libraries and concert halls that were built or renovated in many municipalities across the country.


Premise: How many inches of rain does central Nigeria get each year?

Hypothesis: In the Sahel region, rain is less than 500 millimetres (20 in) per year and the Sahara Desert is encroaching.


Premise: Where was the Antikythera mechanism found in 1901?

Hypothesis: It was discovered in 1901 in the Antikythera wreck off the Greek island of Antikythera, between Kythera and Crete, and has been dated to circa 100 BC.


Premise: In which branch of Buddhism is it believed that there can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for karma?

Hypothesis: In Theravada Buddhism there can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma, since it is a purely impersonal process that is a part of the makeup of the universe.[citation needed]


Premise: What did President Sarkozy think Secretary of State Rice was?

Hypothesis: Reacting to media criticism of Michelle Obama during the 2008 presidential election, Charles Kenzie Steele, Jr., CEO of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference said, "Why are they attacking Michelle Obama, and not really attacking, to that degree, her husband?


Premise: When did American Idol debut?

Hypothesis: The first season of American Idol debuted as a summer replacement show in June 2002 on the Fox network.


Premise: What did Chopin help Pauline Viardot with?

Hypothesis: Among the visitors to Nohant were Delacroix and the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot, whom Chopin had advised on piano technique and composition.


Premise: Who did the Yongle Emperor give patronage to?

Hypothesis: Instead, the Yongle Emperor followed the Karmapa's advice of giving patronage to many different Tibetan lamas.


Premise: Where is the resistance seen on the loading foil?

Hypothesis: The result is a pure resistance seen at feedpoint of the loading coil; unfortunately that resistance is somewhat lower than would be desired to match commercial coax.[citation needed]


Premise: The Atlas-A first launched on what date?

Hypothesis: In 1951, the Air Force began a new ICBM program called MX-1593, and by 1955 this program was receiving top-priority funding.


Premise: What court heard the case Penry v. Lynaugh?

Hypothesis: The United States Supreme Court in Penry v. Lynaugh and the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in Bigby v. Dretke have been clear in their decisions that jury instructions in death penalty cases that do not ask about mitigating factors regarding the defendant's mental health violate the defendant's Eighth Amendment rights, saying that the jury is to be instructed to consider mitigating factors when answering unrelated questions.


Premise: When does CBC News Now air?

Hypothesis: Weekly newsmagazine the fifth estate is also a CBC mainstay, as are documentary series such as Doc Zone.


Premise: What did Avicenna start an inquiry into?

Hypothesis: Following al-Farabi's lead, Avicenna initiated a full-fledged inquiry into the question of being, in which he distinguished between essence (Mahiat) and existence (Wujud).


Premise: How are parasites distiguished from grazers?

Hypothesis: Their feeding behavior is similar in many ways, however they are noted for their close association with their host species.


Premise: What act  of provincials brought new gods into the military?

Hypothesis: Rome's citizen-soldiers set up altars to multiple deities, including their traditional gods, the Imperial genius and local deities – sometimes with the usefully open-ended dedication to the diis deabusque omnibus (all the gods and goddesses).


Premise: To what did the edict of 304 admonish Christians to sacrifice?

Hypothesis: An edict of 304 enjoined universal sacrifice to traditional gods, in terms that recall the Decian edict.


Premise: What animal on dairy farms is affected by timing?

Hypothesis: Dairy farmers are another group who complain of the change.


Premise: Who told the media that Chinese diplomats were arranging a "peaceful show of strength"?

Hypothesis: Foreign Minister Stephen Smith said Chinese officials were urging supporters to "turn up and put a point of view", but that he had no objection to it as long as they remained peaceful.


Premise: What groups did Hoover deny the existence of?

Hypothesis: The RICO Act is still used today for all organized crime and any individuals who might fall under the Act.


Premise: When was teh Palais Garnier Opera House built?

Hypothesis: The 19th century produced the neoclassical church of La Madeleine (1808-1842); the Palais Garnier Opera House (1875); the neo-Byzantine Basilica of Sacré-Cœur (1875-1919), and the exuberant Belle Époque modernism of the Eiffel Tower (1889).


Premise: What is the process of trees growing out to get bigger around called?

Hypothesis: This process is known as secondary growth; it is the result of cell division in the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem, and subsequent expansion of the new cells.


Premise: What year did Sony and Philips release CD-Recordable?

Hypothesis: Other newer video formats such as DVD and Blu-ray use the same physical geometry as CD, and most DVD and Blu-ray players are backward compatible with audio CD.


Premise: Who led the first government of the RSFSR?

Hypothesis: The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR" and the last by Boris Yeltsin as both head of government and head of state under the title "President".


Premise: Where was the source of Oracle bones traced to?

Hypothesis: The earliest confirmed evidence of the Chinese script yet discovered is the body of inscriptions on oracle bones from the late Shang dynasty (c. 1200–1050 BC).


Premise: When did the Samanid Empire rule the land?

Hypothesis: It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710.


Premise: What individual first used cotton wool medically?

Hypothesis: In the UK, linters are referred to as "cotton wool".


Premise: In medical diagnosis, what is pain considered?

Hypothesis: The International Association for the Study of Pain's widely used definition states: "Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage.


Premise: How many pandas escaped the reserve?

Hypothesis: By May 20, two pandas at the reserve were found to be injured, while the search continued for another two adult pandas that went missing after the quake.


Premise: What modern country did Ibn Sina travel to after the end of the Samanid dynasty?

Hypothesis: The pay was small, however, so Ibn Sina wandered from place to place through the districts of Nishapur and Merv to the borders of Khorasan, seeking an opening for his talents.


Premise: About how much of the total population of Samoa died from influenza during the epidemic?

Hypothesis: In the first incident, approximately one fifth of the Samoan population died in the influenza epidemic of 1918–1919.


Premise: How did US President Kennedy die?

Hypothesis: During the next few weeks he reportedly concluded that both nations might realize cost benefits and technological gains from a joint venture, and decided to accept Kennedy's offer based on a measure of rapport during their years as leaders of the world's two superpowers, but changed his mind and dropped the idea since he did not have the same trust for Kennedy's successor, Lyndon Johnson.


Premise: Whose code reveals a bit about the societal structure through Sumerian law?

Hypothesis: Though women were protected by late Sumerian law and were able to achieve a higher status in Sumer than in other contemporary civilizations, the culture was male-dominated.


Premise: What thesis says a scientific hypothesis is not testable in isolation from its system of theories?

Hypothesis: Theories that say more about the way things appear are to be preferred over those that do not; the more generally applicable a theory is, the greater its value.


Premise: What did Pres. Bateman replace a scheduled devotial to do following the Sept. 11th, 2001 attacks?

Hypothesis: Bateman was also president during the September 11th attacks in 2001.


Premise: Under whose rule was Carnival established in the 16th century?

Hypothesis: In the twentieth century it became an organized event held during the 10 days preceding Lent (according to the Greek Orthodox calendar).


Premise: Fertilization and what else happens inside the egg?

Hypothesis: The fertilization and development takes place inside the egg, enclosed by a shell (chorion) that consists of maternal tissue.


Premise: What did the Church of Alexandria use to calculate the date of Easter?

Hypothesis: Because the spring equinox was tied to the date of Easter, the Roman Catholic Church considered the seasonal drift in the date of Easter undesirable.


Premise: What is the average student population at the University of London?

Hypothesis: With 120,000 students in London, the federal University of London is the largest contact teaching university in the UK.


Premise: Is there anyway to decrease travel time in getting to Myanmar ?

Hypothesis: Expansions were expected in September 2013, but yet again are mainly Thai and other Asian-based airlines according to Eleven Media Group's Eleven, "Thailand-based Nok Air and Business Airlines and Singapore-based Tiger Airline".


Premise: What was designed for the west front of the abbey but not built?

Hypothesis: A narthex (a portico or entrance hall) for the west front was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens in the mid-20th century but was not built.


Premise: Which South American country was included among the seven promoted countries?

Hypothesis: This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula.


Premise: Beyonce and Jay Z got a Guinness World record for what in 2009?

Hypothesis: The couple made it into the previous year's Guinness World Records as the "highest-earning power couple" for collectively earning $122 million in 2009.


Premise: When did mass production of glass art begin?

Hypothesis: From about 1960 onwards there have been an increasing number of small studios hand-producing glass artworks, and glass artists began to class themselves as in effect sculptors working in glass, and their works as part fine arts.


Premise: How were viewers able to determine who endorsed political campaign ads, they saw in advertisements??

Hypothesis: To distinguish official campaigning from independent campaigning, political advertisements on television were required to include a verbal disclaimer identifying the organization responsible for the advertisement.


Premise: Tito was awarded the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of what country?

Hypothesis: Some of the other foreign awards and decorations of Josip Broz Tito include Order of Merit, Order of Manuel Amador Guerrero, Order of Prince Henry, Order of Independence, Order of Merit, Order of the Nile, Order of the Condor of the Andes, Order of the Star of Romania, Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau, Croix de Guerre, Order of the Cross of Grunwald, Czechoslovak War Cross, Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria, Military Order of the White Lion, Nishan-e-Pakistan, Order of Al Rafidain, Order of Carol


Premise: Written IPA consonants use symbols for what?

Hypothesis: In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), aspirated consonants are written using the symbols for voiceless consonants followed by the aspiration modifier letter ⟨◌ʰ⟩, a superscript form of the symbol for the voiceless glottal fricative ⟨h⟩.


Premise: What aspects of buildings did science and engineering have an effect on?

Hypothesis: A revival of the Classical style in architecture was accompanied by a burgeoning of science and engineering which affected the proportions and structure of buildings.


Premise: In what year was the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store introduced?

Hypothesis: Apple debuted the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store on September 5, 2007, in its Media Event entitled "The Beat Goes On...".


Premise: What is Florida's busiest airport?

Hypothesis: Miami International Airport and PortMiami are among the nation's busiest ports of entry, especially for cargo from South America and the Caribbean.


Premise: What element is used typically to establish Avogadro's constant?

Hypothesis: Crystals of silicon are used, as they are available in high quality and purity by the technology developed for the semiconductor industry.


Premise: What city is Stewart International Airport located close to?

Hypothesis: Plans have advanced to expand passenger volume at a fourth airport, Stewart International Airport near Newburgh, New York, by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.


Premise: What year did Gladstone resign?

Hypothesis: Salisbury's government only lasted a few months, however, and Victoria was forced to recall Gladstone, whom she referred to as a "half crazy & really in many ways ridiculous old man".


Premise: Who annexed Thessaly and Magnesia?

Hypothesis: In 352 BC he annexed Thessaly and Magnesia.


Premise: What was Van Halen's 1986 album called?

Hypothesis: Van Halen released 5150 (1986), their first album with Sammy Hagar on lead vocals, which was number one in the US for three weeks and sold over 6 million copies.


Premise: What two major thoroughfares lie to the north of New Haven towards Hamden?

Hypothesis: Heading north towards Hamden, there are two major thoroughfares, Dixwell Avenue and Whitney Avenue.


Premise: What was the size of the Notre Dame endowment when Theodore Hesburgh became president?

Hypothesis: In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million.


Premise: Why is DC motor being used more than AC type?

Hypothesis: Since such conversion was not well developed in the late 19th century and early 20th century, most early electrified railways used DC and many still do, particularly rapid transit (subways) and trams.


Premise: What distinct appearance identifies many buses as a landmark for London?

Hypothesis: The distinctive red double-decker buses are an internationally recognised trademark of London transport along with black cabs and the Tube.


Premise: Did student who actively listen to classical music before studying have higher or lower scores?

Hypothesis: The study further indicated that students who used classical during the course of study had a significant leap in their academic performance; whereas, those who listened to other types of music had significantly lowered academic scores.


Premise: Where did Frédéric and Sand venture to after Majorca became unlivable when it was discovered they were not married?

Hypothesis: This compelled the group to take lodgings in a former Carthusian monastery in Valldemossa, which gave little shelter from the cold winter weather.


Premise: What were the main components of the Release preview?

Hypothesis: Many other builds were released until the Japan's Developers Day conference, when Steven Sinofsky announced that Windows 8 Release Preview (build 8400) would be released during the first week of June.


Premise: On what date did the American Idol finals begin?

Hypothesis: David Cook's performance of "Billie Jean" on top-ten night was lauded by the judges, but provoked controversy when they apparently mistook the Chris Cornell arrangement to be David Cook's own even though the performance was introduced as Cornell's version.


Premise: What form of music was A cappella predominately used for in its early years?

Hypothesis: The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form.


Premise: How many Russian immigrants arrived in Israel?

Hypothesis: More than one million Russian-speaking immigrants arrived in Israel from the former Soviet Union states between 1990 and 2004.


Premise: In what year did the city of New Haven deny all firefighters promotions citing the poor performance of black firefighters on performance tests ?

Hypothesis: After the tests were scored, no blacks scored high enough to qualify for consideration for promotion, so the city announced that no one would be promoted.


Premise: What percent of the population has completed non-mandatory upper secondary education?

Hypothesis: In Bern, about 50,418 or (39.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 24,311 or (18.9%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).


Premise: What was the name of the treaty that ended the war?

Hypothesis: The war was officially ended by the Treaty of Paris, signed on 30 March 1856.


Premise: What river crosses path with I-95?

Hypothesis: New Haven lies at the intersection of Interstate 95 on the coast—which provides access southwards and/or westwards to the western coast of Connecticut and to New York City, and eastwards to the eastern Connecticut shoreline, Rhode Island, and eastern Massachusetts—and Interstate 91, which leads northward to the interior of Massachusetts and Vermont and the Canadian border.


Premise: What was the term used to describe the age in which Ibn Sina created a big body of work?

Hypothesis: The Samanid dynasty in the eastern part of Persia, Greater Khorasan and Central Asia as well as the Buyid dynasty in the western part of Persia and Iraq provided a thriving atmosphere for scholarly and cultural development.


Premise: What position is the gymnast when in the air?

Hypothesis: The gymnast is allowed to choose where they start on the runway.


Premise: In which European countries do many Russian immigrants live?

Hypothesis: Significant Russian-speaking groups also exist in Western Europe.


Premise: Where did Dionysius hail from?

Hypothesis: According to Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus, the front rank was composed of the wealthiest citizens, who were able to purchase the best equipment.


Premise: According to Private Eye who was the only forum member expressing wishes for a hate campaign?

Hypothesis: On 7 January 2009, The Sun ran an exclusive front page story claiming that participants in a discussion on Ummah.com, a British Muslim internet forum, had made a "hate hit list" of British Jews to be targeted by extremists over the Gaza War.


Premise: What is the relationship between Indo-Iranian and Baltic languages?

Hypothesis: Evidence for such a theory includes the close relationship between the Indo-Iranian tongues and the Baltic and Slavic languages, vocabulary exchange with the non-Indo-European Uralic languages, and the nature of the attested Indo-European words for flora and fauna.


Premise: In these studies when was the gender-noncomformity experienced?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, studies by J. Michael Bailey and Kenneth Zucker found a majority of the gay men and lesbians sampled reporting various degrees of gender-nonconformity during their childhood years.


Premise: How is Corinthian bronze made?

Hypothesis: The gates of the Temple of Jerusalem used Corinthian bronze made by depletion gilding.


Premise: When are reception statutes invaild?

Hypothesis: Some reception statutes impose a specific cutoff date for reception, such as the date of a colony's founding, while others are deliberately vague.


Premise: Around how long did it take Napoleon to push Austria out of Italy in his first experiences there?

Hypothesis: Although critics have blamed Napoleon for several tactical mistakes preceding the battle, they have also praised his audacity for selecting a risky campaign strategy, choosing to invade the Italian peninsula from the north when the vast majority of French invasions came from the west, near or along the coastline.


Premise: What type of storm is The Scooter on Neptune?

Hypothesis: The Scooter is another storm, a white cloud group farther south than the Great Dark Spot.


Premise: Where, other than any Federal Reserve bank, can notes be redeemed?

Hypothesis: Those notes are "obligations of the United States" and "shall be redeemed in lawful money on demand at the Treasury Department of the United States, in the city of Washington, District of Columbia, or at any Federal Reserve bank".


Premise: Where are these cell groups found in humans?

Hypothesis: (SCN), a pair of distinct groups of cells located in the hypothalamus.


Premise: What caused the HMS Prince to sink?

Hypothesis: On 14 November a storm sank thirty allied transport ships including HMS Prince which was carrying a cargo of winter clothing.:435 The storm and heavy traffic caused the road from the coast to the troops to disintegrate into a quagmire, requiring engineers to devote most of their time to its repair including quarrying stone.


Premise: What ratio of teens are "heavy" social media users, using two types of media daily?

Hypothesis: Within the past ten years, the amount of social networking sites available to the public has greatly increased as well as the number of adolescents using them.


Premise: When is Armadillo Day held every year?

Hypothesis: Armadillo Day, or, more popularly, Dillo Day, a day of music and food, is held on Northwestern's Lakefill every Spring on the weekend after Memorial Day.


Premise: What benefits were found in using the 35mm magnetic film?

Hypothesis: In 1961, Mercury enhanced this technique with three-microphone stereo recordings using 35 mm magnetic film instead of half-inch tape for recording.


Premise: What a capella competition is hosted at UC Berkeley?

Hypothesis: Maize Mirchi, the co-ed a cappella group from the University of Michigan hosts "Sa Re Ga Ma Pella", an annual South Asian a cappella invitational with various groups from the Midwest.


Premise: How long did the birds stay alive?

Hypothesis: He concludes:


Premise: Which entity runs the Bronx's public noncharter schools?

Hypothesis: Education in the Bronx is provided by a large number of public and private institutions, many of which draw students who live beyond the Bronx.


Premise: Einstein's paper on the photoelectric effect earned him the Nobel Prize in what year?

Hypothesis: The Nobel committee awarded the prize for his work on the photo-electric effect, rather than relativity, both because of a bias against purely theoretical physics not grounded in discovery or experiment, and dissent amongst its members as to the actual proof that relativity was real.


Premise: What story described the events of Feb 28, 1969?

Hypothesis: Their mission on the Duong Keo River included bringing an underwater demolition team and dozens of South Vietnamese Marines to destroy enemy sampans, structures and bunkers as described in the story The Death Of PCF 43.


Premise: When was the Lauberhorn Rennen ran for the first time on the Lauberhorn above Wengen?

Hypothesis: Both races continue to be held each January on successive weekends.


Premise: How many tonnes of fish were reported caught in 2000-01?

Hypothesis: The primary economic activity is the capture and offshore trading of fish.


Premise: What claim did Ronald Dworkin make about the expectations that a college application should not have?

Hypothesis: If diversity is a goal of the university and their racial preferences do not discriminate against applicants based on hatred or contempt, then affirmative action can be judged acceptable based on the criteria related to the mission the university sets for itself.


Premise: What words in Anglo-Norman Law French announce a granted assent?

Hypothesis: The Clerk of the Parliaments, an official of the House of Lords, traditionally states a formula in Anglo-Norman Law French, indicating the sovereign's decision.


Premise: What is the effect of exposing a human to red when it comes to cognitive skills?

Hypothesis: In contrast to its positive effect in physical competition and dominance behavior, exposure to red decreases performance in cognitive tasks and elicits aversion in psychological tests where subjects are placed in an "achievement" context (e.g. taking an IQ test).


Premise: Who conducted a study about Detroit's walk-ability?

Hypothesis: A 2011 study by Walk Score recognized Detroit for its above average walkability among large U.S. cities.


Premise: What is the name of the university's group service-learning expedition in Asia, Africa or Latin America?

Hypothesis: NCDC's work is to connect hundreds of student volunteers to some twenty volunteer sites in Evanston and Chicago throughout the year.


Premise: What did she sing at the 2009 Presidential Inauguration?

Hypothesis: She also performed the American national anthem at his second inauguration, singing along with a pre-recorded track.


Premise: What is the two step process?

Hypothesis: When only a few hundred discs are required, instead of electroforming a "son" (for each side), the "father" is removed of its silver and converted into a stamper.


Premise: Downstream operations produces what percent of Shell's profits worldwide?

Hypothesis: The downstream business, which in some countries also included oil refining, generally included a retail petrol station network, lubricants manufacture and marketing, industrial fuel and lubricants sales and a host of other product/market sectors such as LPG and bitumen.


Premise: In what places were asphalt used as waterproofing?

Hypothesis: For example, asphalt could also used for flooring, damp proofing in buildings, and for waterproofing of various types of pools and baths, with these latter themselves proliferating in the 19th century.


Premise: What is one of the longest free events in the streets?

Hypothesis: Carnaval de Solsona takes place in Solsona, Lleida.


Premise: How many people are employed in the Texas Medical Center?

Hypothesis: More heart surgeries are performed at the Texas Medical Center than anywhere else in the world.


Premise: Which musician accompanied Donald Byrd on several albums?

Hypothesis: Prominent emerging Jazz musicians of the 1960s included: trumpet player Donald Byrd who attended Cass Tech and performed with Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers early in his career and Saxophonist Pepper Adams who enjoyed a solo career and accompanied Byrd on several albums.


Premise: When did Spielberg buy a sled from Citizen Kane?

Hypothesis: Spielberg has purchased Academy Award statuettes being sold on the open market and donated them to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, to prevent their further commercial exploitation.


Premise: What did Apple originally tell consumers to purchase when their iPod batteries no longer worked?

Hypothesis: Compounding the problem, Apple initially would not replace worn-out batteries.


Premise: When was it released in Australia?

Hypothesis: It was initially released in Japan as the Family Computer (Japanese: ファミリーコンピュータ, Hepburn: Famirī Konpyūta?)


Premise: What online media outlet ran an investigative series on Comcast in 2014?

Hypothesis: A widely read article penned by an anonymous call center employee working for Comcast appeared in November 2014 on Cracked.


Premise: Who holds the record for the most goals in the Premier League?

Hypothesis: Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260.


Premise: When did Hayek start working on Abuse of Reason?

Hypothesis: During World War II, Hayek began the ‘Abuse of Reason’ project.


Premise: What river was one of the Grand Canal of China's hinterlands?

Hypothesis: The Canal regularly transported grains and resources from Zhejiang, through its metropolitan center Hangzhou (and its hinterland along both the Zhe River and the shores of Hangzhou Bay), and from Suzhou, and thence to the North China Plain.


Premise: Who did Kerry say tried to stop his campaign?

Hypothesis: Kerry himself asserts that Nixon sent operatives to Lowell to help derail his campaign.


Premise: The northern area of Great Britain was populated by what native people during the Roman Empire occupation?

Hypothesis: At that time, Ireland was populated by a people known as Hiberni, the northern third or so of Great Britain by a people known as Picts and the southern two thirds by Britons.


Premise: Who do the Protestant anti-Masons believe is the absolute authority on the use of mysticism, Satanism and occultism in Freemasonry?

Hypothesis: Masonic scholar Albert Pike is often quoted (in some cases misquoted) by Protestant anti-Masons as an authority for the position of Masonry on these issues.


Premise: Who was the first missionary in Samoa?

Hypothesis: Mission work in Samoa had begun in late 1830 by John Williams, of the London Missionary Society arriving in Sapapali'i from The Cook Islands and Tahiti.


Premise: What document did Foreign Minister de Brum present at the 44th Pacific Islands Forum summit?

Hypothesis: Following the 2013 emergencies, the Minister of Foreign Affairs Tony de Brum was encouraged by the Obama administration in the United States to turn the crises into an opportunity to promote action against climate change.


Premise: How many major interstates are serve Detroit?

Hypothesis: Detroit is connected via Interstate 75 (I-75) and I-96 to Kings Highway 401 and to major Southern Ontario cities such as London, Ontario and the Greater Toronto Area.


Premise: When did the English army start to retreat and evacuate NYC during the Battle of Long Island?

Hypothesis: When the British forces evacuated at the close of the war in 1783, they transported 3,000 freedmen for resettlement in Nova Scotia.


Premise: Other than Eisenhower, who was considered for the appointment of Supreme Allied Commander in Europe?

Hypothesis: The following month, he resumed command of ETOUSA and the following month was officially designated as the Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), serving in a dual role until the end of hostilities in Europe in May 1945.


Premise: When did Russian musika show up?

Hypothesis: In keeping with this philosophy, early Russian musika which started appearing in the late 17th century, in what was known as khorovïye kontsertï (choral concertos) made a cappella adaptations of Venetian-styled pieces, such as the treatise, Grammatika musikiyskaya (1675), by Nikolai Diletsky.


Premise: Over what numerical scale is color measured on a computer screen?

Hypothesis: So that the maximum number of colors can be accurately reproduced on your computer screen, each color has been given a code number, or sRGB, which tells your computer the intensity of the red, green and blue components of that color.


Premise: What class of medication is fentanyl an example of?

Hypothesis: It is common in cancer patients who often have background pain that is generally well-controlled by medications, but who also sometimes experience bouts of severe pain that from time to time "breaks through" the medication.


Premise: Where is Pelham Bay Park?

Hypothesis: It includes New York City's largest park: Pelham Bay Park along the Westchester-Bronx border.


Premise: What team in the USFL did Jim Foster work for?

Hypothesis: In 1983, he began organizing the test game in his spare time from his job with the Blitz.


Premise: What was code 127 labeled as for the Teletype?

Hypothesis: The original Teletype meaning, and the intent of the standard, was to make it an ignored character, the same as NUL (all zeroes).


Premise: What are the intercellular junctions unique to animal cells?

Hypothesis: All animals have eukaryotic cells, surrounded by a characteristic extracellular matrix composed of collagen and elastic glycoproteins.


Premise: When did South Africa occupy Namibia?

Hypothesis: During the 1960s, when European powers granted independence to their colonies and trust territories in Africa, pressure mounted on South Africa to do so in Namibia.


Premise: Why was this work considered to be important?

Hypothesis: Translated into several languages, it played an important role in the spreading of the ascetic ideal in Eastern and Western Christianity.


Premise: What was the walk score given to Boston?

Hypothesis: In 2011, Walk Score ranked Boston the third most walkable city in the United States.


Premise: In what battle did the British fleet seize or destroy most of the French vessels in Egypt?

Hypothesis: His army had succeeded in a temporary increase of French power in Egypt, though it faced repeated uprisings.


Premise: Who wrote Tirant lo Blanc?

Hypothesis: The first book produced with movable type in the Iberian Peninsula was printed in Catalan.


Premise: What was the name of the album several members of the cubs recorded?

Hypothesis: Several members of the Cubs recorded an album called Cub Power which contained a cover of the song.


Premise: Can we control what is stored in our sensory memory?

Hypothesis: It is out of cognitive control and is an automatic response.


Premise: How many children were employed on colonial plantations?

Hypothesis: Sophisticated schemes were promulgated where children in these colonies between the ages of 5–14 were hired as an apprentice without pay in exchange for learning a craft.


Premise: What age range contains the most people from Southampton?

Hypothesis: The 20–24 age range is the most populous, with an estimated 32,300 people falling in this age range.


Premise: Hemlock is what kind of chemical produced from a plant?

Hypothesis: Phytochemistry is a branch of plant biochemistry primarily concerned with the chemical substances produced by plants during secondary metabolism.


Premise: What was invented in 132 CE?

Hypothesis: To better prepare for calamities, Zhang Heng invented a seismometer in 132 CE which provided instant alert to authorities in the capital Luoyang that an earthquake had occurred in a location indicated by a specific cardinal or ordinal direction.


Premise: There is a disagreement on whether a school had an Abhidhamma or not, which school is it?

Hypothesis: The different Abhidharmas of the various schools did not agree with each other.


Premise: What sound comes from the Bissagos Islands?

Hypothesis: Tina and tinga are other popular genres, while extent folk traditions include ceremonial music used in funerals, initiations and other rituals, as well as Balanta brosca and kussundé, Mandinga djambadon, and the kundere sound of the Bissagos Islands.


Premise: What did the composition of the cardinals consist of?

Hypothesis: At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit on the number of cardinals generally.


Premise: Why did Jesus sacrifice himself?

Hypothesis: By contrast the moral influence theory of atonement focuses much more on the moral content of Jesus' teaching, and sees Jesus' death as a martyrdom.


Premise: What does the communicator do?

Hypothesis: Current flows through one or more pairs of brushes that bear on the commutator; the brushes connect an external source of electric power to the rotating armature.


Premise: What empire was Taxila a center of learning of?

Hypothesis: It was reputed to house the oldest university in the world,[citation needed]


Premise: How many wars occured between 1500s and 1953?

Hypothesis: "Between 1500 and 1953, there were 64 wars in which at least one great power was opposed to another, and they averaged little more than five years in length.


Premise: How much was the selling price equivalent to in today's money?

Hypothesis: The Deluxe Set, retailing at US$199.99 (equivalent to $475 in 2016), included R.O.B., a light gun called the NES Zapper, two controllers, and two Game Paks: Gyromite, and Duck Hunt.


Premise: Which Swiss professional wrestler is currently signed with WWE?

Hypothesis: Swiss professional wrestler Claudio Castagnoli is currently signed with WWE, and is a former United States champion.


Premise: Who built a plant in Clover field?

Hypothesis: In 1924, four Douglas-built planes took off from Clover Field to attempt the first aerial circumnavigation of the world.


Premise: How many species of flowering plants are there about?

Hypothesis: The flowering plants (angiosperms), also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants, with about 350,000 species.


Premise: When are firewords heard every day?

Hypothesis: There is a large fountain at the northern end.


Premise: The single, "Listen" was featured in which movie?

Hypothesis: Her second film Dreamgirls, the film version of the 1981 Broadway musical loosely based on The Supremes, received acclaim from critics and grossed $154 million internationally.


Premise: When were the prisoners set free?

Hypothesis: On February 7, 1987, dozens of political prisoners were freed in the first group release since Khrushchev's "thaw" in the mid-1950s.


Premise: What inconsistency would be found in this explanation?

Hypothesis: Historian David Henige dismisses this explanation as 'indefensible' and astronomer Bradley Schaefer points out that the lunar eclipse would not have been visible during daylight hours.


Premise: What was the former word given to Beyoncé fans?

Hypothesis: Fans were previously titled "The Beyontourage", (a portmanteau of Beyoncé and entourage).


Premise: How much identified as mixed race?

Hypothesis: Essentially most of the black population was absorbed into the multi-racial category by intermixing.


Premise: Who captured Constantinople?

Hypothesis: Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began.


Premise: Going by 2004 calculations, how much does Southampton contribute to the region's economy each year?

Hypothesis: According to 2004 figures, Southampton contributes around £4.2 bn to the regional economy annually.


Premise: What was the original name of The Times before changing its name?

Hypothesis: The Times and The Sunday Times do not share editorial staff, were founded independently and have only had common ownership since 1967.


Premise: How much was the signing payment for Diego Maradona?

Hypothesis: In June 1982, Diego Maradona was signed for a world record fee of £5 million from Boca Juniors.


Premise: On what date was the Garde Nationale empowered to hoist a red flag to signal their intervention in a riot?

Hypothesis: The red flag appeared as a political symbol during the French Revolution, after the fall of Bastille.


Premise: What do Mexicans call Mexico City?

Hypothesis: The city is colloquially known as Chilangolandia after the locals' nickname chilangos.


Premise: Along with lamellar armor, what armor replaced scale armor?

Hypothesis: Another development was the increasing use of longswords and the progressive replacement of scale armour by mail armour and lamellar armour.


Premise: What was the capital of the Abbasid state?

Hypothesis: The Abbasids moved their capital to Baghdad and were more concerned with the Middle East than Europe, losing control of sections of the Muslim lands.


Premise: What did some protesters burn?

Hypothesis: The Carrefour boycott was met with anti-boycott demonstrators who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming, only to be blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles.


Premise: Which era did Cennino Cennini actively paint in?

Hypothesis: This is the principle that is used to make all of the colors on your computer screen and your television.


Premise: When did the ancestors of the American Indians separate from their parent population?

Hypothesis: This view is shared by other researchers who argue that "the ancestors of the American Indians were the first to separate from the great Asian population in the Middle Paleolithic.


Premise: What temperament is the English Renaissance performed in?

Hypothesis: While equal temperament became gradually accepted as the dominant musical temperament during the 18th century, different historical temperaments are often used for music from earlier periods.


Premise: Computers were invented in what decade in history?

Hypothesis: The earliest attempts at cybernetics were somewhat crude in that they treated the brain as essentially a digital computer in disguise, as for example in John von Neumann's 1958 book, The Computer and the Brain.


Premise: Who directed the movie Stella in 1955?

Hypothesis: The 1950s and early 1960s are considered by many to be a golden age of Greek cinema.


Premise: What is considered political corruption is differnt in each what?

Hypothesis: The activities that constitute illegal corruption differ depending on the country or jurisdiction.


Premise: Who were the three Liandong Han bannermen who were instrumental in the taking of southern China?

Hypothesis: The three Liaodong Han Bannermen officers who played a massive role in the conquest of southern China from the Ming were Shang Kexi, Geng Zhongming, and Kong Youde and they


Premise: What was Detroit's 2010 Mexican population?

Hypothesis: Detroit has a Mexican-American population.


Premise: How many established ISP were within the territory in 2006?

Hypothesis: There were also 22 established ISPs and 234 cyber cafes, with an annual growth rate of 15.6%.


Premise: How much did the third Terminator movie make domestically alone?

Hypothesis: This film brought him his second Golden Globe nomination, this time for Best Actor – Musical or Comedy.


Premise: What was Spielberg's mother's career?

Hypothesis: His mother, Leah (Adler) Posner (born 1920), was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, Arnold Spielberg (born 1917), was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers.


Premise: What is Antarctica's annual precipitation along the coast?

Hypothesis: Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents.


Premise: Jaipur is also known as what city?

Hypothesis: Jaipur, the Pink City, is noted for the ancient houses made of a type of sandstone dominated by a pink hue.


Premise: Which parish was transferred from Knowsley to the district of West Lancashire?

Hypothesis: The urban districts of Barnoldswick and Earby, Bowland Rural District and the parishes of Bracewell and Brogden and Salterforth from Skipton Rural District in the West Riding of Yorkshire became part of the new Lancashire.