Premise: In which year was the FA given an official coat of arms by the College of Arms?

Hypothesis: Since 2003, England top their logo with a star to recognise their World Cup win in 1966; this was first embroidered onto the left sleeve of the home kit, and a year later was moved to its current position, first on the away shirt.


Premise: New York has approximately how many acres of parks?

Hypothesis: The largest municipal park in the city is Pelham Bay Park with 2,700 acres (1,093 ha).


Premise: Who named the torpedo mines?

Hypothesis: One account dates modern naval mining from the Crimean War: "Torpedo mines, if I may use this name given by Fulton to self-acting mines underwater, were among the novelties attempted by the Russians in their defences about Cronstadt and Sevastopol", as one American officer put it in 1860.


Premise: Who opened the structure in which the Royal Institute is currently housed?

Hypothesis: After the grant of the royal charter it had become known as the Royal Institute of British Architects in London, eventually dropping the reference to London in 1892.


Premise: What historical significance can the book The History of Mary Prince claim?

Hypothesis: The first notable, and historically important, book credited to a Bermudian was The History of Mary Prince, a slave narrative by Mary Prince.


Premise: What was Ibn Tufail's ethnicity?

Hypothesis: In the 12th century CE the Andalusian Muslim philosopher and novelist Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail (known as "Abubacer" or "Ebn Tophail" in the West) included the theory of tabula rasa as a thought experiment in his Arabic philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan in which he depicted the development of the mind of a feral child "from a tabula rasa to that of an adult, in complete isolation from society" on a desert island, through experience alone.


Premise: Who was the Egyptian President?

Hypothesis: In response to an advertisement for an acting position, as a young man he said, "I am not white


Premise: What are two broad categories of similarity among countries which have a Mediterranean climate?

Hypothesis: Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees.


Premise: what may possibly be a solution to net neutrality concerns?

Hypothesis: A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School.


Premise: When did the Soviet Union invade Manchuria?

Hypothesis: The war culminated in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and other large aerial bomb attacks by the United States Army Air Forces, accompanied by the Soviet invasion of Manchuria on 8 August 1945, resulting in the Japanese announcement of intent to surrender on 15 August 1945.


Premise: Cardinals who were not bishops have been promoted to Cardinal around the age of 80 since what year?

Hypothesis: Even if not a bishop, any cardinal has both actual and honorary precedence over non-cardinal patriarchs, as well as the archbishops and bishops who are not cardinals, but he cannot perform the functions reserved solely to bishops, such as ordination.


Premise: What was the name of Feynman's 1959 talk on nanotech?

Hypothesis: Feynman was a keen popularizer of physics through both books and lectures, including a 1959 talk on top-down nanotechnology called


Premise: In the Baroque era, who would improvise preludes?

Hypothesis: During the Romantic era, Beethoven would improvise at the piano.


Premise: How else can negative impacts of pesticides be reduced?

Hypothesis: Such loss of activity or toxicity of pesticides is due to both innate chemical properties of the compounds and environmental processes or conditions.


Premise: Where did the Cubs easily win the first two games of the NLCS?

Hypothesis: With wins of 13–0 and 4–2, the Cubs needed to win only one game of the next three in San Diego to make it to the World Series.


Premise: Is the legislature bicameral or unicameral?

Hypothesis: The judicial system is headed by a Tribunal Supremo da Justiça (Supreme Court), made up of nine justices appointed by the president; they serve at the pleasure of the president.


Premise: What year did the United Nations Earth Summit define "biological diversity"?

Hypothesis: The 1992 United Nations Earth Summit defined "biological diversity" as "the variability among living organisms from all sources, including, 'inter alia', terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems, and the ecological complexes of which they are part: this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems".


Premise: Who offered Spielberg a contract at Universal Studios?

Hypothesis: Studio vice president Sidney Sheinberg was impressed by the film, which had won a number of awards, and offered Spielberg a seven-year directing contract.


Premise: What did von Neuman's method use?

Hypothesis: Von Neumann's method used a pivoting algorithm between simplices, with the pivoting decision determined by a nonnegative least squares subproblem with a convexity constraint (projecting the zero-vector onto the convex hull of the active simplex).


Premise: How many seats are in the Provincial Assembly?

Hypothesis: The Assembly was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan as having a total of 371 seats, with 66 seats reserved for women and eight reserved for non-Muslims.


Premise: Who was Chopin's earliest piece of music, that there is a record of, dedicated to?

Hypothesis: His next work, a polonaise in A-flat major of 1821, dedicated to Żywny, is his earliest surviving musical manuscript.


Premise: What month did the Tripartite discussions begin between Britain, USSR and France?

Hypothesis: In mid-June, the main Tripartite negotiations started.


Premise: What number of Estonia's counties are over 80% ethnic Estonian?

Hypothesis: Thirteen of Estonia's 15 counties are over 80% ethnic Estonian, the most homogeneous being Hiiumaa, where Estonians account for 98.4% of the population.


Premise: Which LaserDisc player solves the disc switching dilemma?

Hypothesis: If the movie is longer than what could be stored on two sides of a single disc, manually swapping to a second disc is necessary at some point during the film.


Premise: When did Schwarzenegger withdraw from involvement with Planet Hollywood?

Hypothesis: Schwarzenegger severed his financial ties with the business in early 2000.


Premise: Which drugs seemed to help someone remember earlier events?

Hypothesis: Research has shown that direct injections of cortisol or epinephrine help the storage of recent experiences.


Premise: What do insulating cards prevent between interconnection layers?

Hypothesis: To avoid shorting together different interconnection layers, thin insulating cards were placed between them.


Premise: Why is Brasilia a good place for air sports?

Hypothesis: Brasília is known as a departing point for the practice of unpowered air sports, sports that may be practiced with hang gliding or paragliding wings.


Premise: What does UCS stand for?

Hypothesis: Unicode defines two mapping methods: the Unicode Transformation Format (UTF) encodings, and the Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) encodings.


Premise: What happens as a record wears?

Hypothesis: Distortion towards the end of the side is likely to become more apparent as record wear increases.


Premise: What does OSUT stand for?

Hypothesis: The length of time spent in AIT depends on the MOS of the soldier, and some highly technical MOS training may require many months (e.g., foreign language translators).


Premise: What year did most media outlets pick the Cubs to win the World Series?

Hypothesis: They led the Wild Card by 1.5 games over San Francisco and Houston on September 25, and both of those teams lost that day, giving the Cubs a chance at increasing the lead to a commanding 2.5 games with only eight games remaining in the season, but reliever LaTroy Hawkins blew a save to the Mets, and the Cubs lost the game in extra innings, a defeat that seemingly deflated the team, as they proceeded to drop 6 of their last 8 games as the Astros won the Wild Card.


Premise: What style does most of the city's architecture belong to?

Hypothesis: Many of the city's buildings are in the Georgian style, although there are a number of examples of modern landmark structures, such as County Hall tower, which was, at one time the tallest building in Ireland until being superseded by another Cork City building: The Elysian.


Premise: During what years did the Ottoman war against Habsburg Austria occur?

Hypothesis: In spite of these problems, the Ottoman state remained strong, and its army did not collapse or suffer crushing defeats.


Premise: In case of her father's absence, in what capacity could Elizabeth act?

Hypothesis: As she approached her 18th birthday, parliament changed the law so that she could act as one of five Counsellors of State in the event of her father's incapacity or absence abroad, such as his visit to Italy in July 1944.


Premise: Other than the bar, in what room might patrons of a pub eat?

Hypothesis: Since the 1990s food has become a more important part of a pub's trade, and today most pubs serve lunches and dinners at the table in addition to (or instead of) snacks consumed at the bar.


Premise: According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, what was Montevideo's female population?

Hypothesis: The female population was 707,697 (53.4%) while the male population accounted for 618,271 (46.6%).


Premise: During which time period did avialans diversify into a wide variety of forms?

Hypothesis: Avialans diversified into a wide variety of forms during the Cretaceous Period.


Premise: Which French minister traveled to Versailles to discuss peace?

Hypothesis: Bismarck agreed to end the siege and allow food convoys to immediately enter Paris (including trains carrying millions of German army rations), on condition that the Government of National Defence surrender several key fortresses outside Paris to the Prussians.


Premise: The Allies suggested peace terms in which set of proposals?

Hypothesis: The Allies offered peace terms in the Frankfurt proposals in November 1813.


Premise: Around how many casualties did the French experience at the Battle of Aspern-Essling?

Hypothesis: Both sides inflicted about 23,000 casualties on each other.


Premise: What was the term given to the personal idealism of Howison?

Hypothesis: Howison maintained that both impersonal, monistic idealism and materialism run contrary to the experience of moral freedom.


Premise: What other area fields were overshadowed by Greek influence ?

Hypothesis: Not coincidentally, on the eve of 1821, the three most important centres of Greek learning were situated in Chios, Smyrna and Aivali, all three major centres of Greek commerce.


Premise: Which impressionist movements were also influenced by Cubism?

Hypothesis: The Impressionists had used a double point of view, and both Les Nabis and the Symbolists (who also admired Cézanne) flattened the picture plane, reducing their subjects to simple geometric forms.


Premise: What city hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics Sailing regatta?

Hypothesis: The 1980 Summer Olympics Sailing regatta was held in the capital city Tallinn.


Premise: Under what circumstances are Oppidan Scholarships awarded?

Hypothesis: To gain an Oppidan Scholarship, a boy must have either three distinctions in a row or four throughout his career.


Premise: What two national over-the-air broadcast entities are owned by Comcast?

Hypothesis: Under the terms of the agreement Comcast was to acquire 100% of Time Warner Cable.


Premise: What is the area closest to the continental US called?

Hypothesis: As such, this was where most of the initial non-indigenous settlement occurred in the years following the Alaska Purchase.


Premise: What does the city subsidise

Hypothesis: The city subsidises an organisation for amateur education in arts aimed at all inhabitants (Utrechts Centrum voor de Kunsten), as does the university for its staff and students.


Premise: When did the Arsenal Ladies team become semi-professional?

Hypothesis: Founded in 1987, they turned semi-professional in 2002 and are managed by Clare Wheatley.


Premise: Which term is defined as one's thoughts and feelings about one's self-concept and identity?

Hypothesis: Self-esteem is defined as one's thoughts and feelings about one's self-concept and identity.


Premise: How many people might actually be homeless?

Hypothesis: It values Chengdu, at the time having an urban population of 4.5 million people, at around US$115 billion, with only a small portion covered by insurance.


Premise: What did Napoleon display tolerance related to during his time in Egypt?

Hypothesis: However, according to Juan Cole, "Bonaparte's admiration for the Prophet Muhammad, in contrast, was genuine" and during his captivity on St Helena he defended him against Voltaire's critical play Mahomet.


Premise: What role did women fill in the Church?

Hypothesis: The only role open to women in the Church was that of nuns, as they were unable to become priests.


Premise: Who was the foreign minister that said her decision was a good example of peacefully making a point?

Hypothesis: Intended torchbearer Lin Hatfield Dodds withdrew from the event, explaining that she wished to express concern about China's human rights record.


Premise: What conclusion do most of Hume's followers disagree with?

Hypothesis: Most of Hume's followers have disagreed with his conclusion that belief in an external world is rationally unjustifiable, contending that Hume's own principles implicitly contained the rational justification for such a belief, that is, beyond being content to let the issue rest on human instinct, custom and habit.


Premise: What methods did people use before antibiotics to treat infections?

Hypothesis: Before the early 20th century, treatments for infections were based primarily on medicinal folklore.


Premise: What types of art does the Bronx Museum of the Arts focus on?

Hypothesis: Many of its exhibitions are on themes of special interest to the Bronx.


Premise: How long do members of both houses of the Swiss Parliament serve?

Hypothesis: Members of both houses serve for 4 years.


Premise: Who was the main leader of the Qing?

Hypothesis: The institutions which had been inherited from the Ming formed the core of the Qing "Outer Court," which handled routine matters and was located in the southern part of the Forbidden City.


Premise: When, before Napoleon, had Europe last seen the same level of political consolidation?

Hypothesis: He created a new aristocracy in France while allowing the return of nobles who had been forced into exile by the Revolution.


Premise: What percentage of households in Atlantic City were comprised of non-families?

Hypothesis: 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.


Premise: How far were runways extended out?

Hypothesis: The fields were constructed out of reinforced concrete using a slip-form machine that produces a continual slab with no disruptions along the length.


Premise: What neighborhood houses the headquarters of Miami Today?

Hypothesis: Other major newspapers include Miami Today, headquartered in Brickell, Miami New Times, headquartered in Midtown, Miami Sun Post, South Florida Business Journal, Miami Times, and Biscayne Boulevard Times.


Premise: When did Antipater die?

Hypothesis: In Asia, Eumenes was betrayed by his own men after years of campaign and was given up to Antigonus who had him executed.


Premise: What is the name of the prime ministerial position in Ireland?

Hypothesis: The position of prime minister is normally chosen from the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament.


Premise: During what decade did rock and roll music first rise to popularity?

Hypothesis: These middle of the road (or "MOR") stations also frequently included older, pre-rock-era adult standards and big band titles to further appeal to adult listeners who had grown up with those songs.


Premise: When did he leave France for Venice?

Hypothesis: Roncalli left France for Venice on 23 February 1953 stopping briefly in Milan and then to Rome.


Premise: In which year did the garden receive a makover with a water distribution system?

Hypothesis: In 1997, the lot received a garden makeover; the Borough President's office funded the installation of a $100,000 water distribution system that keeps the wide variety of trees green.


Premise: In what film was Arsenal FC shown?

Hypothesis: Many Arsenal players appeared as themselves and manager George Allison was given a speaking part.


Premise: How severe is Florida's Disenfranchisement law

Hypothesis: A 2002 study in the American Sociological Review concluded that "if the state’s 827,000 disenfranchised felons had voted at the same rate as other Floridians, Democratic candidate Al Gore would have won Florida—and the presidency—by more than 80,000 votes."


Premise: Who organized the flotilla?

Hypothesis: Relations between Turkey and Israel took a downturn after the 2008–09 Gaza War and Israel's raid of the Gaza flotilla.


Premise: What was the amount of participation by women in religious observances?

Hypothesis: In addition to the public priesthood of the Vestals, some cult practices were reserved for women only.


Premise: What North Carolina City hosts the Merlefest?

Hypothesis: The internationally acclaimed North Carolina Zoo in Asheboro attracts visitors to its animals, plants, and a 57-piece art collection along five miles of shaded pathways in the world's largest-land-area natural-habitat park.


Premise: What type of cells makes up most wood cells in coniferous trees?

Hypothesis: In coniferous or softwood species the wood cells are mostly of one kind, tracheids, and as a result the material is much more uniform in structure than that of most hardwoods.


Premise: In what years did the English soldiers occupy Paris during the Hundred Years War?

Hypothesis: During the Hundred Years' War, the army of the Duke of Burgundy and a force of about two hundred English soldiers occupied Paris from May 1420 until 1436.


Premise: What civil war did Nasser become entangled in?

Hypothesis: Despite setbacks to his pan-Arabist cause, by 1963 Nasser's supporters gained power in several Arab countries and he became embroiled in the North Yemen Civil War.


Premise: The 10NES would reset the system how often?

Hypothesis: Problems with the 10NES lockout chip frequently resulted in the console's most infamous problem: the blinking red power light, in which the system appears to turn itself on and off repeatedly because the 10NES would reset the console once per second.


Premise: What do many of the writers staffed by Sherman Ave write under?

Hypothesis: The publication is well known among students for its interviews of prominent campus figures, its "Freshman Guide", its live-tweeting coverage of football games, and its satiric campaign in autumn 2012 to end the Vanderbilt University football team's clubbing of baby seals.


Premise: What was an alternate method of charging the iPod?

Hypothesis: The battery could also be charged with a power adapter that was included with the first four generations.


Premise: What does compiling components as Windows Runtime make possible?

Hypothesis: Components may be compiled as Windows Runtime Components, permitting consumption by all compatible languages.


Premise: Where did people not ask about racial background?

Hypothesis: In frontier areas, there were fewer questions about origins.


Premise: What is the name of the ancient map of the Greek world  named  ?

Hypothesis: In Plato's Phaidon, Socrates remarks, "we (Greeks) live around a sea like frogs around a pond" when describing to his friends the Greek cities of the Aegean.


Premise: When was it determined that most native speakers in France are 60 or older?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, there are several language shift processes currently taking place.


Premise: What is a quasi-independent agency of the United States Government?

Hypothesis: The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a quasi-independent agency of the United States Government.


Premise: Who formalized Bushido?

Hypothesis: Bushido was formalized by several influential leaders and families before the Edo Period.


Premise: How many companies did a judge say infringed on Dr. Moustakas's prior blue light patent in 2015?

Hypothesis: Nakamura, Hiroshi Amano and Isamu Akasaki were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2014 for the invention of the blue LED.


Premise: During The Early MIng Dynasty Chinese merchants explored all of what?

Hypothesis: Chinese merchants explored all of the Indian Ocean, reaching East Africa with the treasure voyages of Zheng He.


Premise: Who is one of the notable Greek opera singers in the 20th century?

Hypothesis: In the 20th century, Greek composers have had a significant impact on the development of avant garde and modern classical music, with figures such as Iannis Xenakis, Nikos Skalkottas, and Dimitri Mitropoulos achieving international prominence.


Premise: According to myth, what property did all seventy versions of the bible have?

Hypothesis: Each translator worked in solitary confinement in his own cell, and according to legend all seventy versions proved identical.


Premise: What percentage of the population now practices Islam?

Hypothesis: In the early 21st century, many have adopted Islam, which is now practiced by 50% of the country's population.


Premise: Colloquial stratum can be traced to several strata in what lexicon?

Hypothesis: The pronounced divergence between literary and colloquial pronunciations found in Hokkien dialects is attributed to the presence of several strata in the Min lexicon.


Premise: Who designed the General Assembly Offices at the Eighth and Main Building?

Hypothesis: The W.G. Harris residence in Richmond was designed by famed early modern architect and member of the Harvard Five, Landis Gores.


Premise: What items replaced previously items made of stone?

Hypothesis: Metal objects replaced prior ones of stone.


Premise: With whom did Athanasius travel to Sardica?

Hypothesis: Early in the year 343 we find Athanasius had travelled, via Rome, from Alexandria, North Africa, to Gaul; nowadays Belgium / Holland and surrounding areas, where Hosius of Cordoba was Bishop, the great champion of orthodoxy in the West.


Premise: What language do the Yi people speak?

Hypothesis: The Yi people of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in southern Sichuan speak the Nuosu language, which is one of the Lolo-Burmese languages; Yi is written using the Yi script, a syllabary standardized in 1974.


Premise: What was Cnut's nationality?

Hypothesis: Another source of loanwords was Old Norse, which came into contact with Old English via the Scandinavian rulers and settlers in the Danelaw from the late 9th century, and during the rule of Cnut and other Danish kings in the early 11th century.


Premise: What form of Buddhism has declined to the point where few are capable of following the path?

Hypothesis: The idea of the decline and gradual disappearance of the teaching has been influential in East Asian Buddhism.


Premise: What compression methods are among the most popular?

Hypothesis: Current LZ-based coding schemes that perform well are Brotli and LZX.


Premise: How many Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Washington University?

Hypothesis: Founded in 1853, and named after George Washington, the university has students and faculty from all 50 U.S. states and more than 120 countries.


Premise: What type has the best luminous efficacy?

Hypothesis: Often, higher efficiency will mean lower color rendering, presenting a trade-off between the luminous efficacy and color rendering.


Premise: In what year did NHK first develop consumer HD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?

Hypothesis: In 1979, the Japanese state broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio.


Premise: About how many people died in 2010 carrying both HIV and TB?

Hypothesis: Roughly one-third of the world's population has been infected with M. tuberculosis, with new infections occurring in about 1% of the population each year.


Premise: When did MDNA Tour begin?

Hypothesis: The MDNA Tour, which further promoted the album, began in May 2012 in Tel Aviv, Israel.


Premise: What two organizations had Wheeler headed prior to joining the FCC?

Hypothesis: According to Politico, Comcast "donated to almost every member of Congress who has a hand in regulating it."


Premise: What prime minister helped relations?

Hypothesis: Relations between the two countries were also made stronger by former prime minister Tony Blair's efforts for a two state resolution.


Premise: What was Detroit's 2010 Hispanic population?

Hypothesis: In 2010 Detroit had 48,679 Hispanics, including 36,452 Mexicans.


Premise: How many types of charging ports exist?

Hypothesis: Two types of charging port exist: the charging downstream port (CDP), supporting data transfers as well, and the dedicated charging port (DCP), without data support.


Premise: What investigation are the prosecutors pursuing?

Hypothesis: However, Reuters reported in June that, to date, Chinese prosecutors have joined an official inquiry into ten collapsed schools during May's devastating earthquake to gain first-hand material of construction quality at the collapsed schools, launch preliminary inquiries and prepare for possible investigations into professional crime.


Premise: What year was Boardwalk Hall finished?

Hypothesis: The city passed an ordinance approving a bond issue for $1.5 million to be used for the purchase of land for Convention Hall, now known as the Boardwalk Hall, finalized September 30, 1924.


Premise: What benefit besides the cozy atmosphere would a wood-burning fireplace add to a home?

Hypothesis: Adding a woodstove or fireplace to a home is often felt to add ambiance and warmth.


Premise: How can pain effect a person's quality of life and general functioning?

Hypothesis: Pain is the most common reason for physician consultation in most developed countries.


Premise: What was the name of the small city on the hill that was discovered by Rurik's men?

Hypothesis: Two of the brothers died, and Rurik became the sole ruler of the territory and progenitor of the Rurik Dynasty.


Premise: What language lacks gendered nouns and pronouns?

Hypothesis: In Estonian, nouns and pronouns do not have grammatical gender, but nouns and adjectives decline in fourteen cases: nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative, terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative, with the case and number of the adjective(s) always agreeing with that of the noun (except in the terminative, essive, abessive and comitative, where there is agreement only for the number, the adjective being in the genitive form).


Premise: What are the components of a field-effect transistor?

Hypothesis: For a field-effect transistor, the terminals are labeled gate, source, and drain, and a voltage at the gate can control a current between source and drain.


Premise: Before coming to New York, at what theater had Perfect Harmony previously been successful?

Hypothesis: The a cappella musical Perfect Harmony, a comedy about two high school a cappella groups vying to win the National championship, made its Off Broadway debut at Theatre Row’s Acorn Theatre on 42nd Street in New York City in October, 2010 after a successful out-of-town run at the Stoneham Theatre, in Stoneham, Massachusetts.


Premise: What types of plants are usually found at St. Barts?

Hypothesis: As the terrain is generally arid, the hills have mostly poor soil and support only cacti and succulent plants.


Premise: Where was 'War Horse' filmed?

Hypothesis: The film, based on the novel of the same name written by Michael Morpurgo and published in 1982, follows the long friendship between a British boy and his horse Joey before and during World War I – the novel was also adapted into a hit play in London which is still running there, as well as on Broadway.


Premise: What AC format is especially known for playing Christmas music in the Christmas season?

Hypothesis: While these tend mostly to be contemporary seasonal recordings by the same few artists featured under the normal format, most stations will also air some vintage holiday tunes from older pop, MOR, and adult standards artists – such as Nat King Cole, Bing Crosby, Dean Martin, The Carpenters, Percy Faith, Johnny Mathis and Andy Williams


Premise: Who gave the Bronx an award in 1997?

Hypothesis: In 1997, the Bronx was designated an All America City by the National Civic League, acknowledging its comeback from the decline of the mid-century.


Premise: What were the consequences of John William Bean's attempt to fire at the Queen?

Hypothesis: On 3 July, two days after Francis's death sentence was commuted to transportation for life, John William Bean also tried to fire a pistol at the Queen, but it was loaded only with paper and tobacco and had too little charge.


Premise: What did both houses of Congress pass measures reaffirming their support for?

Hypothesis: In reaction to the case, Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow, both houses of Congress passed measures reaffirming their support for the pledge, and condemning the panel's ruling.


Premise: In order to understand the tetraploid forms, what must be used as a comparison in cotton gene sequencing?

Hypothesis: "Tetraploid" means that cultivated cotton actually has two separate genomes within its nucleus, referred to as the A and D genomes.


Premise: When was the Wanda L Bass School of Music and auditorium opened?

Hypothesis: The university also opened the Wanda L Bass School of Music and auditorium in April 2006.


Premise: Who was a god of plague?

Hypothesis: Hittite and Hurrian Aplu was a god of plague, invoked during plague years.


Premise: Pinning the clothes of a Muslim woman, which led to her being what, was the action that allegedly violated the Constitution of Medina?

Hypothesis: Muhammad ordered his followers to attack the Banu Qaynuqa Jews for allegedly breaking the treaty known as the Constitution of Medina by pinning the clothes of a Muslim woman, which led to her being stripped naked As a result, a Muslim killed a Jew in retaliation, and the Jews in turn killed the Muslim man.


Premise: Freemasonry cannot be compatible with what according to the Orthodox Church?

Hypothesis: The Orthodox critique of Freemasonry agrees with both the Roman Catholic and Protestant versions: "Freemasonry cannot be at all compatible with Christianity as far as it is a secret organisation, acting and teaching in mystery and secret and deifying rationalism."


Premise: Where does it rank in comparison to other US cities in GDP?

Hypothesis: The area's many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational and economic hub.


Premise: Where is Mount Athos located?

Hypothesis: There is also one autonomous area, Mount Athos (Greek: Agio Oros, "Holy Mountain"), which borders the region of Central Macedonia.


Premise: When do movies rented through this marketplace expire?

Hypothesis: Television episodes can be purchased to own, and are transferable to an unlimited number of consoles.


Premise: Where are the most famed Carnival festivities?

Hypothesis: Other cities have revived Carnival traditions with colorful parades, such as in Azogues (Cañar Province).


Premise: How many prisoners did Tennessee execute between 1916 and 1960?

Hypothesis: From 1916 to 1960 the state executed 125 inmates.


Premise: Why is trophy hunting important to conservation in Africa?

Hypothesis: A scientific study in the journal, Biological Conservation, states that trophy hunting is of "major importance to conservation in Africa by creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas, including areas which may be unsuitable for alternative wildlife-based land uses such as photographic ecotourism."


Premise: What did Mac's lack in 1984 and have no means to easily attach?

Hypothesis: The Macintosh's minimal memory became apparent, even compared with other personal computers in 1984, and could not be expanded easily.


Premise: Which transit lines out of Union Station are ranked as the busiest routes in the U.S.?

Hypothesis: Amtrak also codeshares with United Airlines for travel to any airport serviced by United Airlines, via Newark Airport (EWR) originating from or terminating at Union Station,


Premise: How many nights did Beyoncé play at the resort?

Hypothesis: On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York.


Premise: What is the climate like?

Hypothesis: The climate varies from hot and subhumid tropical in the southern tracts to, with more elevation, cold, alpine, and glacial in the northern and eastern mountain ranges.


Premise: Which part of the state has the most desert; north, south, east, or west?

Hypothesis: The Sierra Madre Occidental dominates the western part of the state; there are two main climates in this area:


Premise: At what age were bishops required to retire by Paul VI?

Hypothesis: Paul VI revolutionized papal elections by ordering that only cardinals below the age of eighty might participate in future conclaves.


Premise: What religion besides Hinduism became well established in the Malay Peninsula?

Hypothesis: Both Hinduism and Buddhism were well established in the Malay Peninsula by the beginning of the 1st century CE, and from there spread across the archipelago.


Premise: How many pages long was Burke's history of England contracted to be?

Hypothesis: G. M. Young did not value Burke's history and claimed that it was "demonstrably a translation from the French".


Premise: The single door is sometimes located where?

Hypothesis: Some buildings have elevators with the single door on the shaft way, and double cascading doors on the cab.


Premise: What courses does Southampton City College offer to adult students?

Hypothesis: Southampton City College is a further education college serving the city.


Premise: During which financial year did the Melbourne rail network record its highest volume of passenger trips?

Hypothesis: The Melbourne rail network has its origins in privately built lines from the 1850s gold rush era, and today the suburban network consists of 209 suburban stations on 16 lines which radiate from the City Loop, a partially underground metro section of the network beneath the Central Business District (Hoddle Grid).


Premise: What was the name of the bookstore the authors met in?

Hypothesis: Boston has been called the "Athens of America" for its literary culture, earning a reputation as "the intellectual capital of the United States.


Premise: What is an example of a stringed chordal instrument during the Baroque period?

Hypothesis: Whereas a classical era string quartet consists almost exclusively of two violins, a viola and a cello, a Baroque group accompanying a soloist or opera could include one of several different types of keyboard instruments (e.g., pipe organ, harpsichord, or clavichord), additional stringed chordal instruments (e.g., a lute) and an unspecified number of bass instruments performing the basso continuo bassline, including bowed strings, woodwinds and brass instruments (e.g., a cello, contrabass, viol, bassoon, serpent, etc.).


Premise: What was the name of Duke of York's London residence?

Hypothesis: The Duke and Duchess and their two daughters lived a relatively sheltered life at their London residence, 145 Piccadilly.


Premise: How long does N Mountain Ave have a bike lane?

Hypothesis: To the North, N. Mountain Avenue has a full bike-only lane for half of the 3.5 miles (5.6 km) to the Rillito River Park bike and walk multi-use path.


Premise: When was a chair created for anthropology at the National Museum of Natural History?

Hypothesis: The Société Ethnologique de Paris, the first to use Ethnology, was formed in 1839.


Premise: What year did Oleg conquer the Drevlians?

Hypothesis: In 880-82, Oleg led a military force south along the Dnieper river, capturing Smolensk and Lyubech before reaching Kiev, where he deposed and killed Askold and Dir, proclaimed himself prince, and declared Kiev the "mother of Rus' cities."


Premise: Which author was the first to use the term "British Empire"?

Hypothesis: No further attempts to establish English colonies in the Americas were made until well into the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, during the last decades of the 16th century.


Premise: Which ethninticities contributed an influx of interstate and overseas migrants to Melbourne?

Hypothesis: In the aftermath of the Eureka Stockade, mass public support for the plight of the miners resulted in major political changes to the colony, including changes to working conditions across local industries including mining, agriculture and manufacturing.


Premise: How can SNES yellowing sometimes be reversed?

Hypothesis: The ABS plastic used in the casing of some older SNES and Super Famicom consoles is particularly susceptible to oxidization on exposure to air, likely due to an incorrect mixture of the stabilizing or flame retarding additives.


Premise: What is the main industry in Cork?

Hypothesis: Its main area of industry is pharmaceuticals, with Pfizer Inc. and Swiss company Novartis being big employers in the region.


Premise: On Neptune, which clouds cast shadows on the cloud deck below it?

Hypothesis: There are also high-altitude cloud bands that wrap around the planet at constant latitude.


Premise: Besides the Greeks, what other culture contributed to the study of botany?

Hypothesis: Another work from Ancient Greece that made an early impact on botany is De Materia Medica, a five-volume encyclopedia about herbal medicine written in the middle of the first century by Greek physician and pharmacologist Pedanius Dioscorides.


Premise: What type of remains were found in the Narmada Valley?

Hypothesis: Isolated remains of Homo erectus in Hathnora in the Narmada Valley in central India indicate that India might have been inhabited since at least the Middle Pleistocene era, somewhere between 500,000 and 200,000 years ago.


Premise: What was the percentage of Greeks in the Cyprus population?

Hypothesis: Cyprus had a total population of 573,566; of whom 442,138 (77.1%) were Greeks, 104,320 (18.2%) Turks, and 27,108 (4.7%)


Premise: Which Spanish city does the Autovía A-6 lead to?

Hypothesis: Autovía A-76 enters Galicia in Valdeorras; it is an upgrade of the existing N-120 to Ourense and Vigo.


Premise: When did Elizabeth start to bear a coat of royal arms?

Hypothesis: From 21 April 1944 until her accession, Elizabeth's arms consisted of a lozenge bearing the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom differenced with a label of three points argent, the centre point bearing a Tudor rose and the first and third a cross of St George.


Premise: Whose real story is 'Awakenings' based on?

Hypothesis: The home of Williams' character was shot not far from Sacks' actual City Island residence.


Premise: What provides bandwidth for the connecting of hosting ISPs and access ISPs?

Hypothesis: Transit ISPs provide large amounts of bandwidth for connecting hosting ISPs and access ISPs.


Premise: What is a loop antenna compared with to determine its beahvior?

Hypothesis: However loops small in comparison to a wavelength act differently.


Premise: How many towers are typically found on the west front of French cathedrals?

Hypothesis: In the south of France, many of the major churches are without transepts and some are without aisles.


Premise: Which city was Alaska's former capital?

Hypothesis: It contains the state capital Juneau, the former capital Sitka, and Ketchikan, at one time Alaska's largest city.


Premise: What accident caused the delay in plans for the new nuclear power plant in Bern?

Hypothesis: Plans for a new nuclear plant in the Canton of Bern have been put on hold after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi power plant in 2011.


Premise: During the Protestant Reformation, the Church of England (Anglicans) separated from who?

Hypothesis: There were some Christians who were not content with the achievements of the mainstream Protestant Reformation.


Premise: Which presidential library is located in Ann Arbor?

Hypothesis: The city is also home to the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.


Premise: How many elevators had China installed since 1949?

Hypothesis: As of January 2008, Spain is the nation with the most elevators installed in the world, with 950,000 elevators installed that run more than one hundred million lifts every day, followed by United States with 700,000 elevators installed and China with 610,000 elevators installed since 1949.


Premise: Who discovered Australia in 1606?

Hypothesis: In 1770 James Cook discovered the eastern coast of Australia while on a scientific voyage to the South Pacific Ocean, claimed the continent for Britain, and named it New South Wales.


Premise: What dielectric is matte glass and polyester?

Hypothesis: woven glass and polyester).


Premise: What was the population of Detroit in 1950?

Hypothesis: The peak population was 1.8 million people.


Premise: Did the Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI take files?

Hypothesis: In March 1971, the residential office of an FBI agent in Media, Pennsylvania was burglarized by a group calling itself the Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI.


Premise: Adding more elements to a Yagi-Uda would have what effect?

Hypothesis: The Yagi has the inherent quality that it becomes increasingly directional, and thus has higher gain, as the number of elements increases.


Premise: Who commissioned Captain Archibald Gillespie to lead 50 men on horseback to the north?

Hypothesis: In 1846, the United States went to war against Mexico and sent a naval and land expedition to conquer Alta California.


Premise: What does one need to remember about  the date of February 29 in the Julian calendar?

Hypothesis: When you are subtracting days to move from Julian to Gregorian be careful, when calculating the Gregorian equivalent of February 29 (Julian), to remember that February 29 is discounted.


Premise: What does education increase in a student?

Hypothesis: This effect is also observable in the opposite direction, in that education increases measurable intelligence.


Premise: Who was a big influence on Smokey Robinson?

Hypothesis: According to Smokey Robinson, Strong was a primary influence on his voice as a teenager.


Premise: Smart Bodies is an example of an initiative that was started by what level of government?

Hypothesis: It is an interactive educational program designed to help prevent childhood obesity through classroom activities that teach children healthful eating habits and physical exercise.


Premise: What dramatically changed naval combat in World War II?

Hypothesis: The aircraft carrier dramatically changed naval combat in World War II, because air power was becoming a significant factor in warfare.


Premise: When was Heine born?

Hypothesis: The Bronx has also become home to a peculiar poetic tribute, in the form of the Heinrich Heine Memorial, better known as the Lorelei Fountain from one of Heine's best-known works (1838).


Premise: What was Chopin's style based upon?

Hypothesis: His style was based extensively on his use of very independent finger technique.


Premise: How many districts is the continental Portugal divided into?

Hypothesis: Operationally, the municipality and civil parish, along with the national government, are the only legally identifiable local administrative units identified by the government of Portugal (for example, cities, towns or villages have no standing in law, although may be used as catchment for the defining services).


Premise: What type of cells do all animals have?

Hypothesis: In contrast, other multicellular organisms, like plants and fungi, have cells held in place by cell walls, and so develop by progressive growth.


Premise: At what floor do the doors open on the way down?

Hypothesis: The door opens after 37 seconds from the 5th floor.


Premise: How much of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen until June 2009?

Hypothesis: While traditional banks have raised their lending standards, it was the collapse of the shadow banking system that is the primary cause of the reduction in funds available for borrowing.


Premise: What plant genus is named after Avicenna?

Hypothesis: In modern Iran, he is considered a national icon, and is often regarded as one of the greatest Persians to have ever lived.


Premise: About what percentage of Plymouth's income comes from the Dockyard?

Hypothesis: Devonport Dockyard is the UK's only naval base that refits nuclear submarines and the Navy estimates that the Dockyard generates about 10% of Plymouth's income.


Premise: Which prominent star felt the 2009 Female Video of the Year award should have went to Beyoncé instead of Taylor Swift?

Hypothesis: Its failure to win the Best Female Video category, which went to American country


Premise: By the end of 2016, how many people are projected to be working onsite at WestQuay Watermark?

Hypothesis: Hammerson, the owners of the retail park, aim to have at least 1,550 people employed on its premises at year-end 2016.


Premise: What field of study did Anton-Hermann Chroust specialize in?

Hypothesis: Yves Simon (1903–61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882–73) was a frequent visitor to campus.


Premise: What are the main distinctive features of Islamic architecture?

Hypothesis: The role of domes in Islamic architecture has been considerable.


Premise: Which rail station was the world's busiest passenger station in 1927?

Hypothesis: Flinders Street Station was the world's busiest passenger station in 1927 and Melbourne's tram network overtook Sydney's to become the world's largest in the 1940s, at which time 25% of travellers used public transport but by 2003 it had declined to just 7.6%.


Premise: The Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs is a division of what?

Hypothesis: The Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs, a division of the United States Department of State, is perhaps the most influential agency to still use the term Near East.


Premise: When was the first transistor implemented for practical use?

Hypothesis: First conceived by Julius Lilienfeld in 1926 and practically implemented in 1947 by American physicists John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley, the transistor revolutionized the field of electronics, and paved the way for smaller and cheaper radios, calculators, and computers, among other things.


Premise: Who replaced Gladstone for only a few short months?

Hypothesis: Salisbury's government only lasted a few months, however, and Victoria was forced to recall Gladstone, whom she referred to as a "half crazy & really in many ways ridiculous old man".


Premise: What is the Sangha?

Hypothesis: Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community).


Premise: When did sea levels reach their current highth?

Hypothesis: As this ended, the central Irish Sea was deglaciated and the English Channel flooded, with sea levels rising to current levels some 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, leaving the British Isles in their current form.


Premise: Up until 1994, royal assent was given by whom?

Hypothesis: If approved by Tynwald, a measure "shall have the force and effect of an Act of Tynwald upon the Royal Assent thereto being announced to Tynwald".


Premise: What part of the electrical characteristics of smaller capacitors do the digits of the abbreviated notation represent ?

Hypothesis: Most capacitors have numbers printed on their bodies to indicate their electrical characteristics.


Premise: What law mandated a license from the local magistrate to sell beer?

Hypothesis: The sale of beers, wines or spirits required a licence for the premises from the local magistrates.


Premise: What was the title of Deep Purple's hard rock 1970 album?

Hypothesis: Led Zeppelin (1969) and Led Zeppelin II (1969), and Deep Purple, who began as a progressive rock group but achieved their commercial breakthrough with their fourth and distinctively heavier album, In Rock (1970).


Premise: What is Tennessee's average annual precipitation in inches?

Hypothesis: On average the state receives 50 inches (130 cm) of precipitation annually.


Premise: Which state is the largest in the country by land?

Hypothesis: The area is landlocked by the states of Sonora to the west, Sinaloa to the south-west, Durango to the south, and Coahuila to the east, and by the U.S. states of Texas to the northeast and New Mexico to the north.


Premise: When was the Bessemer process developed?

Hypothesis: In 1858, Sir Henry Bessemer developed a process of steel-making by blowing hot air through liquid pig iron to reduce the carbon content.


Premise: Rational emotive behavior therapy is an approach used by what psychotherapy schools?

Hypothesis: Emotion regulation refers to the cognitive and behavioral strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience.


Premise: What committee estimated that 60 days of attacks would result in 600,000 deaths?

Hypothesis: That year the Committee on Imperial Defence estimated that an attack of 60 days would result in 600,000 dead and 1,200,000 wounded.


Premise: How much more money does the city give to the state of New York annually than it receives?

Hypothesis: The city also sends an additional $11 billion more each year to the state of New York than it receives back.


Premise: When Napoleon was exiled, where did his wife and son go for shelter?

Hypothesis: Napoleon attempted suicide with a pill he had carried after nearly being captured by the Russians during the retreat from Moscow.


Premise: What do the instrumental methods of applied anthropology produce?

Hypothesis: It is a, "complex of related, research-based, instrumental methods which produce change or stability in specific cultural systems through the provision of data, initiation of direct action, and/or the formulation of policy".


Premise: What percentage of primary students study Catalan as a foreign language?

Hypothesis: In Northern Catalonia, Catalan has followed the same trend as the other minority languages of France, with most of its native speakers being 60 or older (as of 2004).


Premise: Who blew up the HMS Jasper?

Hypothesis: The Cossacks captured the gunboat with all of its guns and blew it up.


Premise: How many mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 and 2008?

Hypothesis: Over 100 mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 and 2008.


Premise: Which work of Isaac Newton was published in Latin and remained inaccessible to readers without education until Enlightenment writers began to translate and analyze it in the vernacular?

Hypothesis: As public interest in natural philosophy grew during the 18th century, public lecture courses and the publication of popular texts opened up new roads to money and fame for amateurs and scientists who remained on the periphery of universities and academies.


Premise: What type of culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease?

Hypothesis: A sample taken from potentially diseased tissue or fluid is then tested for the presence of an infectious agent able to grow within that medium.


Premise: What year did CD players become available for purchase?

Hypothesis: After their commercial release in 1982, compact discs and their players were extremely popular.


Premise: In what year was the patent filed for an electric liquid capacitor?

Hypothesis: Charles Pollak (born Karol Pollak), the inventor of the first electrolytic capacitors, found out that the oxide layer on an aluminum anode remained stable in a neutral or alkaline electrolyte, even when the power was switched off.


Premise: Which president did Notre Dame have in 1947?

Hypothesis: The Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. served as president from 1946 to 1952.


Premise: Who blew the discus off course, killing Hyacinthus?

Hypothesis: Apollo is said to be filled with grief: out of Hyacinthus' blood, Apollo created a flower named after him as a memorial to his death, and his tears stained the flower petals with the interjection αἰαῖ, meaning alas.


Premise: In which year did Long publish his study?

Hypothesis: At the same time, affirmative action itself is both morally and materially costly: 52 percent of white populace (compared to 14 percent of black) thought it should be abolished, implying white distaste of using racial identity, and full-file review is expected to cost the universities an additional $1.5 million to $2 million per year, excluding possible cost of litigation.


Premise: What are two types of new mandolins the Luthiers created?

Hypothesis: Even as the second wave of mandolin popularity declined in the early 20th century, new versions of the mandolin began to be used in new forms of music.


Premise: How many immigrants lived in these tent cities?

Hypothesis: During this period, food, clothes and furniture had to be rationed in what became known as the Austerity Period.


Premise: Most of the art since the Aztecs took what style?

Hypothesis: Much of the early colonial art stemmed from the codices (Aztec illustrated books), aiming to recover and preserve some Aztec and other Amerindian iconography and history.


Premise: Arnold J Toynbee believed what?

Hypothesis: By 1916, when millions of Europeans were becoming casualties of imperial war in the trenches of eastern and western Europe over "the eastern question," Arnold J. Toynbee, Hegelesque historian of civilization at large, was becoming metaphysical about the Near East.


Premise: In 1948, how many Dutch women brought a case to the Batavia Military Tribunal?

Hypothesis: A widely publicised example of institutionalised sexual slavery are "comfort women", a euphemism for the 200,000 women, mostly from Korea and China, who served in the Japanese army's camps during World War II.


Premise: What year did the United Nations Earth Summit define "biological diversity"?

Hypothesis: This definition is used in the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.


Premise: What was the cause of the fire that killed everyone on the first Apollo mission before launch?

Hypothesis: An investigative board determined the fire was probably caused by an electrical spark, and quickly grew out of control, fed by the spacecraft's pure oxygen atmosphere.


Premise: When did Rutherford release The Finished Mystery?

Hypothesis: The book, published as the posthumous work of Russell, was a compilation of his commentaries on the Bible books of Ezekiel and Revelation, plus numerous additions by Bible Students Clayton Woodworth and George Fisher.


Premise: What system was in place to raise and educate Victoria; while also rendering her weak and dependent?

Hypothesis: The system prevented the princess from meeting people whom her mother and Conroy deemed undesirable (including most of her father's family), and was designed to render her weak and dependent upon them.


Premise: What type of satellites does the BeiDou-1 system use?

Hypothesis: This means that the system does not require a large constellation of satellites, but it also limits the coverage to areas on Earth where the satellites are visible.


Premise: Who published the Ivory Tower Survey?

Hypothesis: Less than two years into Kerry's term, the Foreign Policy Magazine's 2014 Ivory Tower survey of international relations scholars asked, "Who was the most effective U.S. Secretary of State in the past 50 years?"


Premise: What was made visible at a partial vacuum of 10 Pa?

Hypothesis: Thereafter, research into the partial vacuum lapsed until 1850 when August Toepler invented the Toepler Pump and Heinrich Geissler invented the mercury displacement pump in 1855, achieving a partial vacuum of about 10 Pa (0.1 Torr).


Premise: What is Newton Natural philosophy?

Hypothesis: Newton's natural philosophy combined a mathematics of axiomatic proof with the mechanics of physical observation, yielding a coherent system of verifiable predictions and replacing a previous reliance on revelation and inspired truth.


Premise: When was Cork believed to have been founded?

Hypothesis: It has been proposed that, like Dublin, Cork was an important trading centre in the global Scandinavian trade network.


Premise: Of the 20,000 Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany in 1933, how many were later imprisoned?

Hypothesis: In 1933, there were approximately 20,000 Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany, of whom about 10,000 were later imprisoned.


Premise: Which statements did these other documents include from the Westminster Standards?

Hypothesis: The Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) has adopted the Book of Confessions, which reflects the inclusion of other Reformed confessions in addition to the Westminster Standards.


Premise: What phrase was coined in the 16th century to reference recent times?

Hypothesis: The European Renaissance (about 1420–1630), which marked the transition between the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern times, started in Italy and was spurred in part by the rediscovery of classical art and literature, as well as the new perspectives gained from the Age of Discovery and the invention of the telescope and microscope, expanding the borders of thought and knowledge.


Premise: What are two newly renovated locations in downtown Oklahoma city?

Hypothesis: The centerpiece of downtown is the newly renovated Crystal Bridge and Myriad Botanical Gardens, one of the few elements of the Pei Plan to be completed.


Premise: Some child work as guides for whom?

Hypothesis: Two out of three child workers work alongside their parents, in unpaid family work situations.


Premise: What was one of the most controversial parts of the Patriot Act?

Hypothesis: One of the most controversial provisions of the act is the so-called sneak and peek provision, granting the FBI powers to search a house while the residents are away, and not requiring them to notify the residents for several weeks afterwards.


Premise: How does Tucson rank among US cities?

Hypothesis: The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263.


Premise: Which state is not a member of ASEAN?

Hypothesis: All of the states except for East Timor are members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).


Premise: What part of speech does Dutch mostly use cases for?

Hypothesis: The Dutch written grammar has simplified over the past 100 years: cases are now mainly used for the pronouns, such as ik (I), mij, me (me), mijn (my), wie (who), wiens (whose: masculine or neuter singular), wier (whose: feminine singular; masculine, feminine or neuter plural).


Premise: When were the last ISO standards adopted?

Hypothesis: These ISO standards were subsequently adopted by DIN as well.


Premise: Around how long did it take Napoleon to push Austria out of Italy in his first experiences there?

Hypothesis: As Chandler points out, Napoleon spent almost a year getting the Austrians out of Italy in his first campaign; in 1800, it took him only a month to achieve the same goal.


Premise: What type of rudder was introduced during this period?

Hypothesis: Shipbuilding improved with the use of the rib and plank method rather than the old Roman system of mortise and tenon.


Premise: In what country is Spoleto located?

Hypothesis: Looking for a city that would provide the charm of Spoleto, as well as its wealth of theaters, churches, and other performance spaces, they selected Charleston, South Carolina, as the ideal location.


Premise: What happens in polygynous species with sexual dimophism?

Hypothesis: This is termed protandry.


Premise: 'Melting pot' was first used to describe neighborhoods in what area of the city?

Hypothesis: Throughout its history, the city has been a major port of entry for immigrants into the United States; more than 12 million European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924.


Premise: What is the danger to humans in regards to the spread of avian flu to humans ?

Hypothesis: The virus possibly could mutate to become highly virulent and infectious in humans and cause an influenza pandemic.


Premise: What talent did Feynman have, even early in his childhood?

Hypothesis: As a child, he had a talent for engineering, maintained an experimental laboratory in his home, and delighted in repairing radios.


Premise: What is one type of competition department stores face?

Hypothesis: Competition was not the only reason for the department stores' weakening strength; the changing structure of cities also affected them.


Premise: How many volunteers did Tennessee send to the Mexican-American War?

Hypothesis: Other sources differ on the origin of the state nickname; according to the Columbia Encyclopedia, the name refers to volunteers for the Mexican–American War.


Premise: How may state prisoners seek to have a death sentence overturned in federal court?

Hypothesis: Federal habeas corpus is a species of collateral review, and it is the only way that state prisoners may attack a death sentence in federal court (other than petitions for certiorari to the United States Supreme Court after both direct review and state collateral review).


Premise: What is the trick of sliding in and then back out of the ring called?

Hypothesis: Playing into this, some wrestlers will "milk" the count by sliding in the ring, and immediately sliding back out.


Premise: The three types of brain activity that can be measured are what?

Hypothesis: Three broad types of distinct brain activity patterns can be measured: REM, light NREM and deep NREM.


Premise: How many undergrad students attend the College of Science at Notre Dame today?

Hypothesis: The College of Science was established at the university in 1865 by president Father Patrick Dillon.


Premise: Where can one find the Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery?

Hypothesis: The Nepal Art Council Gallery, located in the Babar Mahal, on the way to Tribhuvan International Airport contains artwork of both national and international artists and extensive halls regularly used for art exhibitions.


Premise: Which parts of the Yang-Mills theories did Feynman help explain?

Hypothesis: By analogy with the photon, which has spin 1, he investigated the consequences of a free massless spin 2 field, and derived the Einstein field equation of general relativity, but little more.


Premise: Who was the final king of the Attalid dynasty?

Hypothesis: Finally, in 27 BC, Augustus directly annexed Greece to the new Roman Empire as the province of Achaea.


Premise: If a carbohydrate is not a simple monosaccharide, what else could it be?

Hypothesis: Some fatty acids, but not all, are essential in the diet: they cannot be synthesized in the body.


Premise: What idea did Tanselle champion?

Hypothesis: This marks a departure from Greg, who had merely suggested that the editor inquire whether a later reading "is one that the author can reasonably be supposed to have substituted for the former", not implying any further inquiry as to why the author had made the change.


Premise: What did the new government nationalize along with land?

Hypothesis: In addition to a nationalization program of industry and land, the new regime's foreign policy placed an emphasis on Somalia's traditional and religious links with the Arab world, eventually joining the Arab League (AL) in 1974.


Premise: When The Times began producing its newpaper in both broadsheet and tabloid sizes, which region did The Times withdraw its broadsheet from sale?

Hypothesis: On 13 September 2004, the weekday broadsheet was withdrawn from sale in Northern Ireland.


Premise: How many distinct parts make up Sichuan?

Hypothesis: The western Sichuan consists of the numerous mountain ranges forming the easternmost part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which are known generically as Hengduan Mountains.


Premise: In what period did Africa beak off from Antarctica?

Hypothesis: Africa separated from Antarctica in the Jurassic, around 160 Ma, followed by the Indian subcontinent in the early Cretaceous (about 125 Ma).


Premise: On what street in New York was GE headquartered before moving to Fairfield?

Hypothesis: GE moved its corporate headquarters from the GE Building on Lexington Avenue to Fairfield in 1974.


Premise: What award was presented to Kanye West on August 30, 2015?

Hypothesis: On August 30, 2015, West was presented with the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award at the MTV Video Music Awards.


Premise: What park has floating gardens?

Hypothesis: One of the newest parks, the Promenade des Berges de la Seine (2013), built on a former highway on the Left Bank of the Seine between the Pont de l'Alma and the Musée d'Orsay, has floating gardens and gives a view of the city's landmarks.


Premise: What language do the Highland Quichuas speak?

Hypothesis: Linguistic evidence suggests that the Salascan and the Saraguro may have been the descendants of Bolivian ethnic groups transplanted to Ecuador as mitimaes.


Premise: What percent of the Bronx population has a university degree, as of 2000?

Hypothesis: These percentages were lower than those for New York's other boroughs, which ranged from 68.8% (Brooklyn) to 82.6% (Staten Island) for high school graduates over 24, and from 21.8% (Brooklyn) to 49.4% (Manhattan) for college graduates.


Premise: Who did Napoleon select to lead the troops sent to invade Portugal?

Hypothesis: Unhappy with this change of policy by the Portuguese government, Napoleon sent an army to invade Portugal.


Premise: Their third album, Survivor, sold how many during its first week?

Hypothesis: The album debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200, with first-week sales of 663,000 copies sold.


Premise: Who offered Revel $261 million in state tax credits?

Hypothesis: Ultimately, Governor Chris Christie offered Revel $261 million in state tax credits to assist the casino once it opened.


Premise: Along with the Dallas Vigilantes, what expansion team was announced in 2010?

Hypothesis: The league announced plans for the upcoming season and details of its contract with NFL Network to broadcast AFL games in 2010.


Premise: What years did no important political changes happen during?

Hypothesis: No such important political changes occurred between 287 BC and 133 BC.


Premise: When did the Bethnal Green disaster occur?

Hypothesis: Facing the threat of Japanese Kamikaze attacks the British and US developed surface-to-air rockets like British Stooge or the American Lark as counter measures, but none of them were ready at the end of the war.


Premise: Who was the governor of Arkansas in 1957?

Hypothesis: In 1957, the state of Arkansas refused to honor a federal court order to integrate their public school system stemming from the Brown decision.


Premise: There is a museum on Whitney Avenue that contain a variety of historical treasure, what is its' name?

Hypothesis: New Haven has a variety of museums, many of them associated with Yale.


Premise: What group was significant in the expansion of the Christian faith ?

Hypothesis: Greek-speaking communities of the Hellenized East were instrumental in the spread of early Christianity in the 2nd and 3rd centuries, and Christianity's early leaders and writers (notably St Paul) were generally Greek-speaking, though none were from Greece.


Premise: How long does it take for a chicken raised in a less intensive envionment to reach optimal broiler size?

Hypothesis: Broilers grow so fast, their legs cannot always support their weight and their hearts and respiratory systems may not be able to supply enough oxygen to their developing muscles.


Premise: What year did the Quaker-owned Chalfonte House open?

Hypothesis: By this time, they were under the same ownership and merged into the Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel, becoming the city's largest hotel with nearly 1,000 rooms.


Premise: What is one disadvantage of using the H.323 technique?

Hypothesis: This added convenience and quality comes at the expense of some increased network bandwidth, because every station must transmit to every other station directly.


Premise: In taxonomies, what type of group are flowering plants treated?

Hypothesis: In most taxonomies, the flowering plants are treated as a coherent group.


Premise: What sector of Kathmandu doesn't have the word 'sector' in its name?

Hypothesis: The ward's profile documents for the 35 wards prepared by the Kathmandu Metropolitan Council is detailed and provides information for each ward on population, the structure and condition of houses, the type of roads, educational, health and financial institutions, entertainment facilities, parking space, security provisions, etc.


Premise: Schumann described Chopin's music as cannons buried in what?

Hypothesis: If the mighty autocrat in the north [i.e. Nicholas I of Russia] could know that in Chopin's works, in the simple strains of his mazurkas, there lurks a dangerous enemy, he would place a ban on his music.


Premise: Why were films banned by Victorian politicans in 1912?

Hypothesis: Melbourne filmmakers continued to produce bushranger films until they were banned by Victorian politicians in 1912 for the perceived promotion of crime, thus contributing to the decline of one of the silent film era's most productive industries.


Premise: What's the title of Schwarzenegger's 1977 book?

Hypothesis: In 1977, Schwarzenegger's autobiography/weight-training guide Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder was published and became a huge success.


Premise: What present-day country was Avicenna born in?

Hypothesis: Avicenna was born c. 980 in Afšana, a village near Bukhara (in present-day Uzbekistan), the capital of the Samanids, a Persian dynasty in Central Asia and Greater Khorasan.


Premise: How many deaths are believed to be caused in Hyderabad due to air pollution each year?

Hypothesis: Deaths resulting from atmospheric particulate matter are estimated at 1,700–3,000 each year.


Premise: Ashkenazi Jews and Italians may be genetically similar due to what two factors?

Hypothesis: The study speculated that the genetic-similarity between Ashkenazi Jews and Italians may be due to inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire.


Premise: What was the name of the school of thought that combined theology and philosophy?

Hypothesis: Philosophy and theology fused in scholasticism, an attempt by 12th- and 13th-century scholars to reconcile authoritative texts, most notably Aristotle and the Bible.


Premise: What are the closest relatives of the deinonychosaurs?

Hypothesis: The consensus view in contemporary paleontology is that the flying theropods, or avialans, are the closest relatives of the deinonychosaurs, which include dromaeosaurids and troodontids.


Premise: At what point in its existence was the Lutheran manuscript destroyed?

Hypothesis: The book was a Lutheran manuscript, which never reached the reader and was destroyed immediately after publication.


Premise: Why are Dzongkha, Sikkimese, Sherpa, and Ladakhi considered to be separate languages?

Hypothesis: Other forms, particularly Dzongkha, Sikkimese, Sherpa, and Ladakhi, are considered by their speakers, largely for political reasons, to be separate languages.


Premise: What do all artworks have in common regarding the crucifixion?

Hypothesis: These variations are also present in the artistic depictions of the crucifixion.


Premise: Does minority leader always employ same strategy for party objectives?

Hypothesis: The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that he or she can employ to advance minority party objectives.


Premise: Apollo 15 landed on the Moon on what date?

Hypothesis: The first landing was followed by another, precision landing on Apollo 12 in November 1969.


Premise: Who was the major opponent to Freemasonry?

Hypothesis: The major opponent of Freemasonry was the Roman Catholic Church, so that in countries with a large Catholic element, such as France, Italy, Spain, and Mexico, much of the ferocity of the political battles involve the confrontation between what Davies calls the reactionary Church and enlightened Freemasonry.


Premise: What market value were gold coins traded in relation to?

Hypothesis: Many historians[who?] erroneously assume gold was standardized at a fixed rate in parity with silver; however, there is no evidence of Congress making this law.


Premise: Besides the Arsenal, Chelsea, and Tottenham football clubs, how many London-based football club have won a national league titie?

Hypothesis: Aside from Arsenal, Chelsea and Tottenham, none of the other London clubs have ever won the national league title.


Premise: Why did farmers build a bridge over the Harlem River?

Hypothesis: In 1759, the farmers led by Jacobus Dyckman and Benjamin Palmer built a "free bridge" across the Harlem River which led to the abandonment of tolls altogether.


Premise: How long did the Assyrian Empire control and rule Iran?

Hypothesis: Under king Cyaxares, the Medes and Persians entered into an alliance with Nabopolassar of Babylon, as well as the Scythians and the Cimmerians, and together they attacked the Assyrian Empire.


Premise: What is the national motto "In God We Trust" officially known as?

Hypothesis: In God We Trust" has been challenged as a violation, but the Supreme Court has ruled that ceremonial deism is not religious in nature.


Premise: How many IndyMac account holders held funds in excess of the FDIC's insured amount of US$100,000?

Hypothesis: Yet, even with the pending sale of Indymac to IMB Management Holdings, an estimated 10,000 uninsured depositors of Indymac are still at a loss of over $270 million.


Premise: What damaged the Eisenhower Pine in February 2014?

Hypothesis: President Dwight D. Eisenhower, an Augusta National member, hit the tree so many times that, at a 1956 club meeting, he proposed that it be cut down.


Premise: Where did the traders from Yemen settle?

Hypothesis: Many settled in Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia.


Premise: Besides ITT Corporation, which two companies tried to emulate GE, but failed by the mid-1980's?

Hypothesis: Even though the first wave of conglomerates (such as ITT Corporation, Ling-Temco-Vought, Tenneco, etc.) fell by the wayside by the mid-1980s, in the late 1990s, another wave (consisting of Westinghouse, Tyco, and others) tried and failed to emulate GE's success.[citation needed]


Premise: Which phytochrome found in seedlings deteriorates with light and growth?

Hypothesis: One phytochrome, phyA, is the main phytochrome in seedlings grown in the dark but rapidly degrades in light to produce Cry1.


Premise: What is the state deficient in?

Hypothesis: Though the state is deficient in food grains, it has gained a lot in other spheres of agricultural production such as seed potato, ginger, vegetables, vegetable seeds, mushrooms, chicory seeds, hops, olives and fig.


Premise: Roughly how many days of sunshine does Santa Monica get annually?

Hypothesis: Classified as a Subtropical Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb), Santa Monica enjoys an average of 310 days of sunshine a year.


Premise: When were the Constantinian basilicas built?

Hypothesis: Other new features of religious architecture include the crossing tower and a monumental entrance to the church, usually at the west end of the building.


Premise: What is Tucson's PBS station?

Hypothesis: The Tucson metro area is served by many local television stations and is the 68th largest designated market area (DMA) in the U.S. with 433,310 homes (0.39% of the total U.S.).


Premise: What documentary aired in 2008?

Hypothesis: The front page caused outrage in Liverpool, where the paper lost more than three-quarters of its estimated 55,000 daily sales and still sells poorly in the city more than 25 years later (around 12,000).


Premise: In what time were there many socio-technological trends?

Hypothesis: Regarding the 21st century and the late modern world, the Information age and computers were forefront in use, not completely ubiquitous but often present in daily life.


Premise: What was used in AA mountings on both land and water?

Hypothesis: The Rapier missile system was the primary GBAD system, used by both British artillery and RAF regiment, a few brand-new FIM-92 Stinger were used by British special forces.


Premise: What types of stimuli were found to arouse women?

Hypothesis: Men did not show any sexual arousal to non-human visual stimuli, their arousal patterns being in line with their specific sexual interest (women for heterosexual men and men for homosexual men).


Premise: What trail forms part of the border Tennessee shares with North Carolina?

Hypothesis: The Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the nation's most visited national park, is headquartered in the eastern part of the state, and a section of the Appalachian Trail roughly follows the Tennessee-North Carolina border.


Premise: What are other forms of studying migration?

Hypothesis: Other techniques include radar and satellite tracking.


Premise: In what county was the Swan Inn located?

Hypothesis: United States president George W. Bush fulfilled his lifetime ambition of visiting a 'genuine British pub' during his November 2003 state visit to the UK when he had lunch and a pint of non-alcoholic lager (Bush being a teetotaler) with British Prime Minister Tony Blair at the Dun Cow pub in Sedgefield, County Durham in Blair's home constituency.


Premise: Who was a controversial figure due to a corked-bat incident?

Hypothesis: Already a controversial figure in the clubhouse after his corked-bat incident, Sammy's actions alienated much of his once strong fan base as well as the few teammates still on good terms with him, (many teammates grew tired of Sosa playing loud salsa music in the locker room) and possibly tarnished his place in Cubs' lore for years to come.


Premise: Who gave Popper its Humanist Laureate Award?

Hypothesis: Popper won many awards and honours in his field, including the Lippincott Award of the American Political Science Association, the Sonning Prize, the Otto Hahn Peace Medal of the United Nations Association of Germany in Berlin and fellowships in the Royal Society, British Academy, London School of Economics, King's College London, Darwin College, Cambridge, and Charles University, Prague.


Premise: What is the last letter of nearly all CBC stations?

Hypothesis: All CBC O&O stations have a standard call letter naming convention, in that the first two letters are "CB" (an ITU prefix allocated not to Canada, but to Chile) and the last letter is "T".


Premise: How many million people died from the Black Death?

Hypothesis: The death toll was probably about 35 million people in Europe, about one-third of the population.


Premise: Name the original Digimon anime.

Hypothesis: The franchise was first created in 1997 as a series of virtual pets, akin to—and influenced in style by—the contemporary Tamagotchi or nano Giga Pet toys.


Premise: Which legislative bodies does this court sit in cases over?

Hypothesis: It also judges, in original jurisdiction, cases involving members of congress, senators, ministers of state, members of the high courts and the President and Vice-President of the Republic.


Premise: What does the growth, development, and reproduction of organisms rely on?

Hypothesis: The growth, development, and reproduction of organisms relies on cell division, or the process by which a single cell divides into two usually identical daughter cells.


Premise: What is the nickname of the historic football rivalry between Yale and Harvard hosted annually in New Haven?

Hypothesis: The city is home to the Pilot Pen International tennis event, which takes place every August at the Connecticut Tennis Center, one of the largest tennis venues in the world.


Premise: What material delivers optimum dimensional stability?

Hypothesis: There are quite a few different dielectrics that can be chosen to provide different insulating values depending on the requirements of the circuit.


Premise: What's Arnold Schwarzenegger's middle name?

Hypothesis: Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (/ˈʃwɔːrtsənˌɛɡər/; German: [ˈaɐ̯nɔlt ˈalɔʏs ˈʃvaɐ̯tsn̩ˌɛɡɐ]; born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-American actor, filmmaker, businessman, investor, author, philanthropist, activist, former professional bodybuilder and politician.


Premise: What has influenced the design since the beginning of architectural history?

Hypothesis: Sunlight has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history.


Premise: What organization stated that the world has this serious problem?

Hypothesis: This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country".


Premise: The August 2009 cost is a result of what percentage decrease in production cost?

Hypothesis: Since the system's launch, production costs have been reduced significantly as a result of phasing out the Emotion Engine chip and falling hardware costs.


Premise: What types of stores have created even more competition?

Hypothesis: Competition was not the only reason for the department stores' weakening strength; the changing structure of cities also affected them.


Premise: What can cause problems with these scales that are used?

Hypothesis: It is assumed that these scales will be able to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation.


Premise: The leader in Indian crude oil production at 250,000 barrels per day is what region?

Hypothesis: Bombay High leads with a production of 250,000 barrels crude per day.


Premise: When was the Japanese submarine offensive against Australia?

Hypothesis: While Japan had a large number of submarines, they did not make a significant impact on the war.


Premise: How can users utilize the Kinect to interact with their 360 consoles?

Hypothesis: The Kinect accessory is compatible with all Xbox 360 models, connecting to new models via a custom connector, and to older ones via a USB and mains power adapter.


Premise: Who created the relay computer, the Z2?

Hypothesis: These devices had a low operating speed and were eventually superseded by much faster all-electric computers, originally using vacuum tubes.


Premise: Was the Chopin family boarding house for male or female students?

Hypothesis: In 1827, soon after the death of Chopin's youngest sister Emilia, the family moved from the Warsaw University building, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace, to lodgings just across the street from the university, in the south annex of the Krasiński Palace on Krakowskie Przedmieście,[n 5] where Chopin lived until he left Warsaw in 1830.[n 6]


Premise: What are the four sights in Buddhism?

Hypothesis: In a series of encounters—known in Buddhist literature as the four sights—he learned of the suffering of ordinary people, encountering an old man, a sick man, a corpse and, finally, an ascetic holy man, apparently content and at peace with the world.


Premise: Somali food contains influences from what region?

Hypothesis: The cultural diffusion of Somali commercial enterprise can be detected in its cuisine, which contains Southeast Asian influences.


Premise: When was the last year of Mithridates the Great's reign?

Hypothesis: The massacre was the official reason given for the commencement of hostilities in the First Mithridatic War.


Premise: What are the characteristics of steel if it is cooled to quickly?

Hypothesis: However, if the steel is cooled quickly the carbon atoms will not have time to precipitate.


Premise: What is Elizabeth's ranking in the Church of England?

Hypothesis: A personal note about her faith often features in her annual Christmas message broadcast to the Commonwealth.


Premise: Capitalism can be referred to as what process?

Hypothesis: Recently, as capitalism has spread throughout the world (a process called globalization), cultural studies has begun[when?]


Premise: The first woman that went into space was whom?

Hypothesis: This time they launched the first woman (also the first civilian), Valentina Tereshkova, into space on Vostok 6.


Premise: Buddhism's emphasis on the Middle Way provides a guideline for what?

Hypothesis: Also, its moral and spiritual parallels with other systems of thought—for example, with various tenets of Christianity—have been subjects of close study.


Premise: If you'd been diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1995, how great a chance would you have faced of dying from it?

Hypothesis: Studies using DNA fingerprinting of M. tuberculosis strains have shown reinfection contributes more substantially to recurrent TB than previously thought, with estimates that it might account for more than 50% of reactivated cases in areas where TB is common.


Premise: What did Rome do about human sacrifice?

Hypothesis: Officially, human sacrifice was obnoxious "to the laws of gods and men.


Premise: Who revolted in 1824?

Hypothesis: On Carnival Thursday (called "Old Women Day" or "The Women's Day") in commemoration of an 1824 revolt by washer-women, women storm city halls, cut men's ties, and are allowed to kiss any passing man.


Premise: When was the Magna Carta peace treaty agreed upon?

Hypothesis: An argument with Pope Innocent III led to John's excommunication in 1209, a dispute finally settled by the king in 1213.


Premise: Who invented the early years education in Thuringia?

Hypothesis: Its inventor Friedrich Fröbel lived in Thuringia and founded the world's first Kindergartens there in the 19th century.


Premise: How much effort did France put into wars to defend its colonies?

Hypothesis: It would let colonies defend themselves or would offer only minimal help (sending them limited numbers of troops or inexperienced soldiers), anticipating that fights for the colonies would most likely be lost anyway.


Premise: What broke the Japanes formations under Kurita?

Hypothesis: Destroyer attacks had broken the Japanese formations, shattering tactical control.


Premise: Who is the author of The Fifteenth Ward and the Great Society?

Hypothesis: William Lee Miller's The Fifteenth Ward and the Great Society (1966) similarly explores the relationship between local politics in New Haven and national political movements, focusing on Lyndon Johnson's Great Society and urban renewal.


Premise: When did Brandenburg join the Fraunhofen Institute?

Hypothesis: While there, he continued to work on music compression with scientists at the Fraunhofer Society (in 1993 he joined the staff of the Fraunhofer Institute).


Premise: What is the definition of genocide?

Hypothesis: The word genocide was not in use before 1944.


Premise: Who is constructing the Indian-made ship?

Hypothesis: India started the construction of a 40,000-tonne, 260-metre-long (850 ft) Vikrant-class aircraft carrier in 2009.


Premise: Atticus is tasked with killing what animal in the novel?

Hypothesis: For example, Atticus must shoot a rabid dog, even though it is not his job to do so.


Premise: What improvement was added to Terminator 2's second Squeeze LD release?

Hypothesis: Terminator 2 was released twice in Squeeze LD, the second release being THX certified and a notable improvement over the first.


Premise: What was to be carried out at schools after the quake?

Hypothesis: It was also reported that safety checks were to be carried out at schools across China after last month's earthquake.


Premise: What is does ECCE refer to in the Swazi educational system?

Hypothesis: Pre-school education is usually for children 5-year or younger after that the students can enroll in a primary school anywhere in the country.


Premise: Data showed that students' preference for MP3 quality music followed which trend?

Hypothesis: A test given to new students by Stanford University Music Professor Jonathan Berger showed that student preference for MP3-quality music has risen each year.


Premise: How many Oppidan houses are at Eaton?

Hypothesis: If they choose instead to belong to one of the 24 Oppidan Houses, they are known as Oppidan Scholars.


Premise: In 2014, what percentage of Bostons residents did not claim to belong to any religion?

Hypothesis: while 33% claim no religious affiliation.


Premise: What was the name of the railroad that began construction in 1836?

Hypothesis: On October 25, 1836, construction began on the Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad to connect the port city of Wilmington with the state capital of Raleigh.


Premise: What does wound colonization refer to?

Hypothesis: Wound colonization refers to nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound, while in infected wounds, replicating organisms exist and tissue is injured.


Premise: What year did Dell begin production in the Lodz, Poland facility?

Hypothesis: Construction of EMF4 in Łódź, Poland has started[update]: Dell started production there in autumn 2007.


Premise: What is one thing excessive regulations causes?

Hypothesis: A 2012 report by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology made several key recommendations to reduce regulatory burdens to new drug development, including 1) expanding the FDA's use of accelerated approval processes, 2) creating an expedited approval pathway for drugs intended for use in narrowly defined populations, and 3) undertaking pilot projects designed to evaluate the feasibility of a new, adaptive drug approval process.


Premise: Which economic associations gained power in the towns?

Hypothesis: With the financial expansion, trading rights became more jealously guarded by the commercial elite.


Premise: How was Berlin spared?

Hypothesis: When Frederick heard about this humiliating occupation, he immediately sent a larger force to free the city.


Premise: What is the gourmet title given to pigeons ?

Hypothesis: A squab is the name given to the young of domestic pigeons that are destined for the table.


Premise: On what day did the Confederacy surrender Richmond to the Union?

Hypothesis: On April 2, 1865, General Godfrey Weitzel, commander of the 25th corps of the United States Colored Troops, accepted the city's surrender from the mayor and group of leading citizens who remained.


Premise: How did James Gamble Rogers faux age the windows?

Hypothesis: The architect, James Gamble Rogers, faux-aged these buildings by splashing the walls with acid, deliberately breaking their leaded glass windows and repairing them in the style of the Middle Ages, and creating niches for decorative statuary but leaving them empty to simulate loss or theft over the ages.


Premise: What is the main advantage of an induction motor?

Hypothesis: More recently, the development of very high power semiconductors has caused the classic "universal" AC/DC motor to be largely replaced with the three-phase induction motor fed by a variable frequency drive, a special inverter that varies both frequency and voltage to control motor speed.


Premise: Which Catholic society is Detroit Mercy affiliated with?

Hypothesis: The University of Detroit Mercy, located in Northwest Detroit in the University District, is a prominent Roman Catholic co-educational university affiliated with the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) and the Sisters of Mercy.


Premise: How many weeks in a row were male contestants eliminated?

Hypothesis: It was also the first time that the judges' "save" was not used, the top four contestants were therefore given an extra week to perform again with their votes carried over with no elimination in the first week.


Premise: When did the king return to England?

Hypothesis: John's military position was weak and he agreed to a truce; in early 1194 the king finally returned to England, and John's remaining forces surrendered.


Premise: Who showed that extinct South American fossils were related to living species?

Hypothesis: Richard Owen showed that fossils of extinct species Darwin found in South America were allied to living species on the same continent.


Premise: What other culture did the Greek states share boarders with ?

Hypothesis: Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people have always been centered around the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age.


Premise: Who was not being briefed on the operational plans or the number of troops in combat?

Hypothesis: As the overall commander of Chinese forces, Zhou Enlai suggested that the North Koreans should attempt to eliminate the enemy forces at Inchon only if they had reserves of at least 100,000 men; otherwise, he advised the North Koreans to withdraw their forces north.


Premise: What was the focal depth of the earthquake?

Hypothesis: Strong aftershocks, some exceeding magnitude 6, continued to hit the area even months after the main quake, causing new casualties and damage.


Premise: Who's responsibility was it to edit the standard for Layer I?

Hypothesis: Under the chairmanship of Professor Musmann (University of Hannover) the editing of the standard was made under the responsibilities of Leon van de Kerkhof (Layer I) and Gerhard Stoll (Layer II).


Premise: Who designed the chimney piece in The Yellow Drawing Room?

Hypothesis: It has nodding mandarins in niches and fearsome winged dragons, designed by Robert Jones.


Premise: What does GAI stand for?

Hypothesis: For example, in order to meet the expectations for good color rendering in retail applications, research suggests using the well-established CRI along with another metric called gamut area index (GAI).


Premise: What common terminological problem can sometimes lead to confusion surrounding a treaty?

Hypothesis: Conversely some legal documents such as the Treaty of Waitangi are internationally considered to be documents under domestic law.


Premise: How large was a standard LaserDisc?

Hypothesis: The standard home video LaserDisc was 30 cm (12 in) in diameter and made up of two single-sided aluminum discs layered in plastic.


Premise: Who wrote an essay in 1945 that proposed a "new approach?"

Hypothesis: Notably, an essay by Vivian Galbraith in 1945 proposed a "new approach" to understanding the ruler.


Premise: How long were lights not allowed on after dark?

Hypothesis: The relocation of the government and the civil service was also planned, but would only have occurred if necessary so as not to damage civilian morale.:33


Premise: What team did the Cincinnati Red Stockings become?

Hypothesis: The franchise soon relocated to Boston and is now the Atlanta Braves, but its name survives as the origin for both the Cincinnati Reds and Boston Red Sox.


Premise: What terms did African Americans use instead?

Hypothesis: African Americans popularly used the terms "Negro" or "colored" for themselves until the late 1960s.


Premise: In the final days of WWII in Yugoslavia, who were responsible for atrocities?

Hypothesis: On 14 May he dispatched a telegram to the supreme headquarters Slovene Partisan Army prohibiting "in the sternest language" the execution of prisoners of war and commanding the transfer of the possible suspects to a military court.


Premise: What was the new name of the university when it reopened in 1872?

Hypothesis: The University, founded in 1567 and suppressed during the French Revolution as a stronghold of German sentiment,[citation needed] was reopened in 1872 under the name Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität.


Premise: What assures smooth traffic flow between departing and arriving aircraft?

Hypothesis: At all airports the use of a traffic pattern (often called a traffic circuit outside the U.S.) is possible.


Premise: What is the compilation of Isidore of Seville's work called?

Hypothesis: Isidore of Seville, writing in the 7th century, claimed that the Latin word Maurus was derived from the Greek mauron, μαύρον, which is the Greek word for black.


Premise: Due to delays, when was the actual date of the BBC's move to satellite broadcasts?

Hypothesis: In March 2003 the BBC announced that from the end of May 2003 (subsequently deferred to 14 July) it intended to transmit all eight of its domestic television channels (including the 15 regional variations of BBC 1) unencrypted from the Astra 2D satellite.


Premise: Who made the first catalog of stars?

Hypothesis: The astronomer Aristarchus of Samos was the first known person to propose a heliocentric model of the solar system, while the geographer Eratosthenes accurately calculated the circumference of the Earth.


Premise: What had been thought for a while to be an independent ancient Greek precursor to Twain's story?

Hypothesis: The latter included a synopsized adaptation of his story that Twain stated had appeared, unattributed to Twain, in a Professor Sidgwick’s Greek Prose Composition (p. 116) under the title, "The Athenian and the Frog"; the adaptation had for a time been taken for an independent ancient Greek precursor to Twain's "Jumping Frog" story.


Premise: When did Madonna visit Malawi's school?

Hypothesis: Madonna responded by releasing a statement saying she was saddened that Banda had chosen to act negatively about her endeavors.


Premise: WHen was Black Wednesday?

Hypothesis: The Black Wednesday economic disaster in September 1992 left the Conservative government's reputation for monetary excellence in tatters, and by the end of that year Labour had a comfortable lead over the Tories in the opinion polls.


Premise: What was a focus of the National University of Ireland during the beginning of Irish Independence?

Hypothesis: Reforms in Argentina were the result of the University Revolution of 1918 and its posterior reforms by incorporating values that sought for a more equal and laic higher education system.


Premise: Who was the first known homosexual contestant on American Idol?

Hypothesis: Jim Verraros was the first openly gay contestant on the show; his sexual orientation was revealed in his online journal, however it was removed during the competition after a request from the show producers over concerns that it might be unfairly influencing votes.