Premise: What country are the Zargos Mountains located in?

Hypothesis: The Ebla tablets, discovered in 1974 in Ebla, Syria, show that beer was produced in the city in 2500 BC.


Premise: What general was consul in 249 BC?

Hypothesis: In the early days of Rome's war against Carthage, the commander Publius Claudius Pulcher (consul 249 BC) launched a sea campaign "though the sacred chickens would not eat when he took the auspices."


Premise: What were exempted from death by Timur when ordering Delhi sacked?

Hypothesis: He ordered the whole city to be sacked except for the sayyids, scholars, and the "other Muslims" (artists); 100,000 war prisoners were put to death in one day.


Premise: On what date was Fred Adams hanged?

Hypothesis: Two Kentucky hangings were conducted after Galena in which numerous persons were present within a wooden stockade, that of John "Peter" Montjoy in Covington, Kentucky on December 17, 1937, and that of Harold Van Venison in Covington on June 3, 1938.


Premise: How does Whitehead describe religion as world-loyalty?

Hypothesis: The spirit at once surrenders itself to this universal claim and appropriates it for itself.


Premise: What was the pupil-teacher ratio in Namibia in 1999?

Hypothesis: In 1998, there were 400,325 Namibian students in primary school and 115,237 students in secondary schools.


Premise: What is the Russian term for prime minister?

Hypothesis: In many cases, though commonly used, "prime minister" is not the official title of the office-holder; the Spanish prime minister is the President of the Government (Presidente del Gobierno).


Premise: What was the nationality of Estêvão Gomes?

Hypothesis: A Spanish expedition led by captain Estêvão Gomes, a Portuguese sailing for Emperor Charles V, arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 aboard the purpose-built caravel "La Anunciada" and charted the mouth of the Hudson River, which he named Rio de San Antonio.


Premise: The 7 million sold almost equated to which console's five year span?

Hypothesis: By 1988, industry observers stated that the NES's popularity had grown so quickly that the market for Nintendo cartridges was larger than that for all home computer software.


Premise: Why do some Muslims oppose allowing women to reveal more of themselves?

Hypothesis: Some Muslims oppose this charge, and instead declare that the media in these countries presses on women to reveal too much in order to be deemed attractive, and that this is itself sexist and oppressive.


Premise: Who is the second largest business district employer?

Hypothesis: The second-largest business district in terms of employment is La Défense, just west of the city, where many companies installed their offices in the 1990s.


Premise: What process is best used when there are a number of viable manuscripts available?

Hypothesis: In fact, the other techniques can be seen as special cases of stemmatics in which a rigorous family history of the text cannot be determined but only approximated.


Premise: Who was the prime minister of Swaziland in 2004?

Hypothesis: In 2004, the Swaziland government acknowledged for the first time that it suffered an AIDS crisis, with 38.8% of tested pregnant women infected with HIV (see AIDS in Africa).


Premise: What is a plastic version of a BC108?

Hypothesis: Since devices are second-sourced, a manufacturer's prefix (like "MPF" in MPF102, which originally would denote a Motorola FET) now is an unreliable indicator of who made the device.


Premise: What can be considered to be bad stereotypes to gay communities?

Hypothesis: The earliest writers on sexual orientation usually understood it to be intrinsically linked to the subject's own sex.


Premise: Where did Irwin Cotler live?

Hypothesis: Alan Dershowitz described Sudan as an example of a government that "actually deserve(s)" the appellation "apartheid."


Premise: Who was the ruler of Morocco in 1984?

Hypothesis: Libya had long supported the FROLINAT militia in neighbouring Chad, and in December 1980, re-invaded Chad at the request of the Frolinat-controlled GUNT government to aid in the civil war; in January 1981, Gaddafi suggested a political merger.


Premise: How many barrels did the mitrailleuse feature?

Hypothesis: Worse still, once the small number of soldiers who had been trained how to use the new weapon became casualties, there were no replacements who knew how to operate the mitrailleuse.


Premise: Who stated that "All politics reduces itself to this formula: try to be one of three, as long as the world is governed by the unstable equilibrium of five great powers.?"

Hypothesis: Of the five original great powers recognised at the Congress of Vienna, only France and the United Kingdom have maintained that status continuously to the present day, although France was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War and occupied during World War II.


Premise: In square kilometers, how large was the lot Universal sold to MCA?

Hypothesis: MCA owned the studio lot, but not Universal Pictures, yet was increasingly influential on Universal's product.


Premise: What do Somali women traditionally put around their eyes?

Hypothesis: It is worn by Somali women on their hands, arms, feet and neck during weddings, Eid, Ramadan, and other festive occasions.


Premise: What did the attack between Rus and Byzantines lead to?

Hypothesis: The Chronicle reports that Askold and Dir continued to Constantinople with a navy to attack the city in 863–66, catching the Byzantines by surprise and ravaging the surrounding area, though other accounts date the attack in 860.


Premise: What use the traditional radical-based character index?

Hypothesis: Most modern Chinese dictionaries and Chinese dictionaries sold to English speakers use the traditional radical-based character index in a section at the front, while the main body of the dictionary arranges the main character entries alphabetically according to their pinyin spelling.


Premise: What previous mayor of New York is a billionaire?

Hypothesis: New York City has a high degree of income disparity as indicated by its Gini Coefficient of 0.5 for the city overall and 0.6 for Manhattan.


Premise: What country did Sergel's play tour around in and perform in 2006?

Hypothesis: Sergel's play toured in the UK starting at West Yorkshire Playhouse in Leeds in 2006, and again in 2011 starting at the York Theatre Royal, both productions featuring Duncan Preston as Atticus Finch.


Premise: Those with low levels of identity diffusion are classified as what?

Hypothesis: Here, with respect to identity diffusion for example, an optimal level is interpreted as the norm, as it is unrealistic to expect an individual to resolve all their conflicted identifications with others; therefore we should be alert to individuals with levels which are much higher or lower than the norm – highly diffused individuals are classified as diffused, and those with low levels as foreclosed or defensive.


Premise: What is the Continental Strand consideres to be by most of Freemasonry?

Hypothesis: The majority of Freemasonry considers the Liberal (Continental) strand to be Irregular, and thus withhold recognition.


Premise: What type of trees provided lumber for building on Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: The buildings were constructed without nails and were lashed and tied together with a plaited sennit rope that was handmade from dried coconut fibre.


Premise: What was the amount of wins Knute Rockne attained at Notre Dame while head coach?

Hypothesis: Rockne's offenses employed the Notre Dame Box and his defenses ran a 7–2–2 scheme.


Premise: Many researchers prefer what term?

Hypothesis: However, Canis familiaris is sometimes used due to an ongoing nomenclature debate because wild and domestic animals are separately recognizable entities and that the ICZN allowed users a choice as to which name they could use, and a number of internationally recognized researchers prefer to use Canis familiaris.


Premise: How large did the British Empire become by the beginning of the 20th century?

Hypothesis: Although, the colonies of North American that would become the United States of America were lost by the start of the 19th century, the British Empire expanded rapidly elsewhere.


Premise: Who was responsible for the desegregation of the army?

Hypothesis: Also, in 1948, the army was desegregated by order of President Harry S. Truman.


Premise: What rule means multiracial people are given status of the socially subordinate group?

Hypothesis: Anthropologists called it an example of a hypodescent rule, meaning that racially mixed persons were assigned the status of the socially subordinate group.


Premise: What is the name of the book published in 1966 that had focus on the city politics in relations with President Johnson's policies?

Hypothesis: William Lee Miller's The Fifteenth Ward and the Great Society (1966) similarly explores the relationship between local politics in New Haven and national political movements, focusing on Lyndon Johnson's Great Society and urban renewal.


Premise: Who was 2006 seller of the Oswald cartoons?

Hypothesis: However, Universal retained ownership of Oswald cartoons produced for them by Walter Lantz from 1929 to 1943.


Premise: Besides online gaming and media distribution, what other feature made the 360 influential, according to TechRadar?

Hypothesis: Five years after the Xbox 360's original debut, the well-received Kinect motion capture camera was released, which became the fastest selling consumer electronic device in history, and extended the life of the console.


Premise: What are prakritisms?

Hypothesis: In some contexts, there are also more "prakritisms" (borrowings from common speech) than in Classical Sanskrit proper.


Premise: Who won several award for his Monroe influenced music?

Hypothesis: Ronnie McCoury of the Del McCoury Band has won numerous awards for his Monroe-influenced playing.


Premise: Approximately how many total iPods had been sold by late 2009?

Hypothesis: At the September 9, 2009 keynote presentation at the Apple Event, Phil Schiller announced total cumulative sales of iPods exceeded 220 million.


Premise: Which entity runs Nigeria's bone marrow donation program?

Hypothesis: In 2012, a new bone marrow donor program was launched by the University of Nigeria to help people with leukaemia, lymphoma, or sickle cell disease to find a compatible donor for a life-saving bone marrow transplant, which cures them of their conditions.


Premise: What did Boeing separate from its headquarters facilities?

Hypothesis: The company's credit union for employees, BECU, remains based in the Seattle area, though it is now open to all residents of Washington.


Premise: What firm managed Kanye West's rap group?

Hypothesis: Because of his association with D-Dot, West wasn't able to release a solo album, so he formed and became a member and producer of the Go-Getters, a late-1990s Chicago rap group composed of him, GLC, Timmy G, Really Doe, and Arrowstar.


Premise: Who encouraged de Brum to address climate issues?

Hypothesis: De Brum proposed a Majuro Declaration for Climate Leadership to galvanize concrete action on climate change.


Premise: What language still survives as the representation of the one of the three religious orders of historic Greece ?

Hypothesis: Modern Greek has, in addition to Standard Modern Greek or Dimotiki, a wide variety of dialects of varying levels of mutual intelligibility, including Cypriot, Pontic, Cappadocian, Griko and Tsakonian (the only surviving representative of ancient Doric Greek).


Premise: After the scandal became public, what did UNFPA work to reform in Peru?

Hypothesis: UNFPA was not involved in the scandal, but continued work with the country after the abuses had become public to help end the abuses and reform laws and practices.


Premise: According to a 2015 Gallup Poll, what percentage of Swiss people are convinced atheists?

Hypothesis: There has been a recent rise in Evangelicalism.


Premise: What painter was an early champion of oil as a medium in painting?

Hypothesis: Though not – as previously believed – the inventor of oil painting, Jan van Eyck was a champion of the new medium, and used it to create works of great realism and minute detail.


Premise: Which Heisman Trophy winner graduated from BYU?

Hypothesis: Steve Young '84 & J.D. '96, Heisman Trophy winner Ty Detmer '90, and two-time Super Bowl winner Jim McMahon.


Premise: When was the Treaty of Sevres signed?

Hypothesis: Because the new borders of Armenia were to be drawn by United States President Woodrow Wilson, Ottoman Armenia was also referred to as "Wilsonian Armenia."


Premise: There is an educational facility in Manzini within Swaziland known by the acronym MITC, what does it stand for?

Hypothesis: Other technical and vocational institutions are the Gwamile Vocational and Commercial Training Institute located in Matsapha and the Manzini Industrial and Training Centre (MITC) in Manzini.


Premise: What has no electric charge?

Hypothesis: Vacuum does not mean that the curvature of space-time is necessarily flat: the gravitational field can still produce curvature in a vacuum in the form of tidal forces and gravitational waves (technically, these phenomena are the components of the Weyl tensor).


Premise: What military unit was sent from outside of Arkansas to oversee desegregation?

Hypothesis: When Faubus balked, the president placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and sent in the 101st Airborne Division.


Premise: What is the Norfuk language a mixture of?

Hypothesis: Islanders speak both English and a creole language known as Norfuk, a blend of 18th-century English and Tahitian.


Premise: Which amendment contains the Equal Protection Clause?

Hypothesis: In 1989 the Supreme Court of the United States declared the Board of Estimate unconstitutional on the grounds that Brooklyn, the most populous borough, had no greater effective representation on the Board than Staten Island, the least populous borough, a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause pursuant to the high court's 1964 "one man, one vote" decision.


Premise: Approximately how many people live throughout the year at research stations across Antarctica?

Hypothesis: Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland.


Premise: How many students enroll to the SMC annually?

Hypothesis: It occupies 35 acres (14 hectares) and enrolls 30,000 students annually.


Premise: What types of parks receive special protection against damage or degradation?

Hypothesis: National park and nature reserve is the area selected by governments or private organizations for special protection against damage or degradation with the objective of biodiversity and landscape conservation.


Premise: What institutions have been considered to take some its ideas from madaris?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, Makdisi has asserted that the European university borrowed many of its features from the Islamic madrasa, including the concepts of a degree and doctorate.


Premise: Which are the two most prominent railway stations?

Hypothesis: Among all 17 railway stations in Nanjing, passenger rail service is mainly provided by Nanjing Railway Station and Nanjing South Railway Station, while other stations like Nanjing West Railway Station, Zhonghuamen Railway Station and Xianlin Railway Station serve minor roles.


Premise: When did FIFA reject an appeal of the rules violation ruling?

Hypothesis: " FIFA rejected an appeal in August but the pending appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport allowed Barcelona to sign players during the summer of 2014.


Premise: When did Ptolemy declare himself King Ptolemy I?

Hypothesis: Ptolemy, a somatophylax, one of the seven bodyguards who served as Alexander the Great's generals and deputies, was appointed satrap of Egypt after Alexander's death in 323 BC.


Premise: When did the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge first open for traffic?

Hypothesis: In the 1960s, the first Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge was completed, and served as the only bridge crossing over the Lower Yangtze in eastern China at that time.


Premise: What radiating style are some Armenian churches built with?

Hypothesis: By the seventh century, centrally planned churches had been built and a more complicated niched buttress and radiating Hrip'simé style had formed.


Premise: What magazine said Beyoncé was the "best-dressed celebrity"?

Hypothesis: Her mother co-wrote a book, published in 2002, titled Destiny's Style an account of how fashion had an impact on the trio's success.


Premise: How much of the children of Jefferson and Hemmings were white?

Hypothesis: Although born into slavery, the Hemings children were legally white under Virginia law of the time.


Premise: The Byzantine term Sklavinoi was loaned into Arabic as Saqaliba by who?

Hypothesis: Saqlabi صقلبي) by medieval Arab historiographers.


Premise: What is the longest standing alliance in the world?

Hypothesis: This alliance served both nations' interests throughout history and is regarded by many as the predecessor to NATO.


Premise: What is the highest peak of the province?

Hypothesis: Altitudes tend to be the highest to the south and west and the highest peak of the province, Huangmaojian Peak (1,929 meters or 6,329 feet), is located there.


Premise: How many homes were left without permanent shelter?

Hypothesis: He stated that 200,000 homes had been rebuilt, and 685,000 were under reconstruction, but 1.94 million households were still without permanent shelter.


Premise: Who spearheaded the Critical Text of the Book of Mormon project?

Hypothesis: Thus was born the FARMS Critical Text Project which published the first volume of the 3-volume Book of Mormon Critical Text in 1984.


Premise: What is the nickname of the Times Square Theater District?

Hypothesis: Forty of the city's theaters, with more than 500 seats each, are collectively known as Broadway, after the major thoroughfare that crosses the Times Square Theater District, sometimes referred to as "The Great White Way".


Premise: Is respiration in animals similar to photosynthesis in plants?

Hypothesis: Respiration is the oxidation of carbon compounds by breaking them down into simpler structures to release the energy they contain, essentially the opposite of photosynthesis.


Premise: How similar was the sound of a orthodontic  record to a radio?

Hypothesis: As a result, playback of an Orthophonic record sounded like it was coming from a radio.


Premise: Who was the main leader of the Qing?

Hypothesis: The formal structure of the Qing government centered on the Emperor as the absolute ruler, who presided over six Boards (Ministries[c]), each headed by two presidents[d] and assisted by four vice presidents.[e]


Premise: Sharks appeared at about how many Mya?

Hypothesis: The first vertebrates appeared over 500 million years ago (Mya), during the Cambrian period, and may have resembled the modern hagfish in form.


Premise: Why did the Pan American Health Organization release this statement?

Hypothesis: In 2012, the Pan American Health Organization (the North and South American branch of the World Health Organization) released a statement cautioning against services that purport to "cure" people with non-heterosexual sexual orientations as they lack medical justification and represent a serious threat to the health and well-being of affected people, and noted that the global scientific and professional consensus is that homosexuality is a normal and natural variation of human sexuality and cannot be regarded as a pathological condition.


Premise: Along with the Orlando Predators, what former Arena Football League team joined af2?

Hypothesis: Following the suspension of the AFL's 2009 season, league officials and owners of af2 (which had played its season as scheduled) began discussing the future of arena football and the two leagues.


Premise: Along with Old Saxon, what language is closely related to Old English?

Hypothesis: Old English is one of the West Germanic languages, and its closest relatives are Old Frisian and Old Saxon.


Premise: When is Slovak morphology more regular than Czech?

Hypothesis: One study showed that Czech and Slovak lexicons differed by 80 percent, but this high percentage was found to stem primarily from differing orthographies and slight inconsistencies in morphological formation; Slovak morphology is more regular (when changing from the nominative to the locative case, Praha becomes Praze in Czech and Prahe in Slovak).


Premise: In which city did many Italians attempt to proffer their services to the Prussian embassy?

Hypothesis: When the war had begun, European public opinion heavily favored the Germans; many Italians attempted to sign up as volunteers at the Prussian embassy in Florence and a Prussian diplomat visited Giuseppe Garibaldi in Caprera.


Premise: In May 2012, who started the parliamentary elections?

Hypothesis: No party could form a sustainable government, which led to the parliamentary elections of June 2012.


Premise: In what parts of Afghanistan did the Taliban attack Coalition forces in 2002?

Hypothesis: Throughout southern and eastern Afghanistan, firefights broke out between the surging Taliban and Coalition forces.


Premise: What was the first cyclone to strike Tuvalu during the 1996-97 season?

Hypothesis: Along with a tropical depression that affected the islands a few days later, Severe Tropical Cyclone Ofa had a major impact on Tuvalu with most islands reporting damage to vegetation and crops.


Premise: What do lice require human clothing to do?

Hypothesis: Body lice is an indicator of clothes-wearing, since most humans have sparse body hair, and lice thus require human clothing to survive.


Premise: About how old are the oldest inns in Europe?

Hypothesis: In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed]


Premise: What can solo performers exhibit during a cadenza?

Hypothesis: Improvisation is also an important aspect in authentic performances of operas of Baroque era and of bel canto (especially operas of Vincenzo Bellini), and is best exemplified by the da capo aria, a form by which famous singers typically perform variations of the thematic matter of the aria in the recapitulation section ('B section' / the 'da capo' part).


Premise: As of 2002, how many births were attended by skilled health personnel in Eriterea?

Hypothesis: Similarly, between 1995 and 2002, the number of births attended by skilled health personnel has doubled but still is only 28.3%.


Premise: How was this achievement of advancing culture undertaken ?

Hypothesis: In any case, Alexander's toppling of the Achaemenid Empire, after his victories at the battles of the Granicus, Issus and Gaugamela, and his advance as far as modern-day Pakistan and Tajikistan, provided an important outlet for Greek culture, via the creation of colonies and trade routes along the way.


Premise: What year was the Boston Public Library founded?

Hypothesis: In 1852, the Boston Public Library was founded as the first free library in the United States.


Premise: Who was the subject of an early June 2013 front page story?

Hypothesis: The front page read: "Tulisa's cocaine deal shame"; this story was written by The Sun


Premise: What is the name of the Spinifex people?

Hypothesis: One such group is the Pila Nguru (Spinifex people) of Western Australia, whose habitat in the Great Victoria Desert has proved unsuitable for European agriculture (and even pastoralism).[citation needed]


Premise: What animals are more sensitive to reduction in habitat area?

Hypothesis: Physically larger species and those living at lower latitudes or in forests or oceans are more sensitive to reduction in habitat area.


Premise: What is Lie Saint-Jean called today?

Hypothesis: The British also continued the process of deporting the Acadian population with a wave of major operations against Île Saint-Jean (present-day Prince Edward Island), the St. John River valley, and the Petitcodiac River valley.


Premise: Haredi and Chassidic communities are threatened by assimilation and intermarriage so they do not do what with non-orthodox populaions?

Hypothesis: In practice, the emphasis on strictness has resulted in the rise of "homogeneous enclaves" with other haredi Jews that are less likely to be threatened by assimilation and intermarriage, or even to interact with other Jews who do not share their doctrines.


Premise: What did the backcountry settlers want to secure?

Hypothesis: Although the line was adjusted several times to take frontier settlements into account and was impossible to enforce as law, it was strongly resented by backcountry settlers throughout the Appalachians.


Premise: The climate of Greece in the Northwest is known as what?

Hypothesis: The mountainous areas of Northwestern Greece (parts of Epirus, Central Greece, Thessaly, Western Macedonia) as well as in the mountainous central parts of Peloponnese – including parts of the regional units of Achaea, Arcadia and Laconia – feature an Alpine climate with heavy snowfalls.


Premise: What was the league's first year attendance average?

Hypothesis: The Premier League's record average attendance of 36,144 was set during the 2007–08 season.


Premise: What was unique about Odeon's 1909 release of the Nutcracker Suite?

Hypothesis: German record company Odeon is often said to have pioneered the album in 1909 when it released the Nutcracker Suite by Tchaikovsky on 4 double-sided discs in a specially designed package.


Premise: At what facility was Kerry born?

Hypothesis: John Forbes Kerry was born on December 11, 1943 in Aurora, Colorado, at Fitzsimons Army Hospital.


Premise: What word literally means "born of a wolf?"

Hypothesis: The meaning of the epithet "Lyceus" later became associated with Apollo's mother Leto, who was the patron goddess of Lycia (Λυκία) and who was identified with the wolf (λύκος), earning him the epithets Lycegenes (/laɪˈsɛdʒəniːz/ ly-SEJ-ə-neez; Λυκηγενής, Lukēgenēs, literally "born of a wolf" or "born of Lycia") and Lycoctonus (/laɪˈkɒktənəs/ ly-KOK-tə-nəs; Λυκοκτόνος, Lykoktonos, from λύκος, "wolf", and κτείνειν, "to kill").


Premise: What term did Obama want the government to stop using?

Hypothesis: Basic objectives of the Bush administration "war on terror", such as targeting al Qaeda and building international counterterrorism alliances, remain in place.


Premise: What is the second-largest employer in Tucson?

Hypothesis: Its presence, as well as the presence of the US Army Intelligence Center (Fort Huachuca, the largest employer in the region in nearby Sierra Vista), has led to the development of a significant number of high-tech industries, including government contractors, in the area.


Premise: What does thermal mass reduce the need for?

Hypothesis: Thermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat—heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy.


Premise: The India Gate commemorates how many soldiers of past wars?

Hypothesis: It is the national monument of India commemorating the 90,000 soldiers of the Indian Army who lost their lives while fighting for the British Raj in World War I and the Third Anglo-Afghan War.


Premise: What other languages are popular among American students?

Hypothesis: More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses in autumn of 2002 and Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled, followed by French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%) although the totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.


Premise: Who was a major figure in the skeptical philosophical and empiricist traditions of philosophy?

Hypothesis: Hume became a major figure in the skeptical philosophical and empiricist traditions of philosophy.


Premise: In what decade did Finland begin employing comprehensive schools?

Hypothesis: The division to lower comprehensive school (grades 1–6, ala-aste, alakoulu) and upper comprehensive school (grades 7–9, yläaste, yläkoulu) has been discontinued.


Premise: Who spoke against Victoria at Trafalgar Square?

Hypothesis: Mother and son attended a public parade through London and a grand service of thanksgiving in St Paul's Cathedral on 27 February 1872, and republican feeling subsided.


Premise: When did the CEO go on trial?

Hypothesis: After a five-week trial he was found not guilty of all 57 charges of child labour violations by the Black Hawk County District Court jury in Waterloo, Iowa, on 7 June 2010.


Premise: When and with what culture did domesticated turkey start to appear in the United States ?

Hypothesis: The first Europeans to encounter the bird misidentified it as a guineafowl, a bird known as a "turkey fowl" at that time because it had been introduced into Europe via Turkey.


Premise: Ibn al-Haytham and Roger Bacon were scientists in which time period?

Hypothesis: While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe.


Premise: What numbered season did Arenafootball2 in 2009?

Hypothesis: Although the Arenafootball2 league played its tenth season in 2009, a conference call in December 2008 resulted in enough votes from owners and cooperation from the AFLPA for the AFL to suspend the entire 2009 season in order to create "a long-term plan to improve its economic model".


Premise: Some of the offshore reefs of St. Barts are part of what?

Hypothesis: The coastal areas abound with beaches and many of these have offshore reefs, some of which are part of a marine reserve.


Premise: What was the bandwidth of AT&T's Picturephone?

Hypothesis: Attempts at using normal telephony networks to transmit slow-scan video, such as the first systems developed by AT&T Corporation, first researched in the 1950s, failed mostly due to the poor picture quality and the lack of efficient video compression techniques.


Premise: What two things figured the fuse length?

Hypothesis: The problem was of successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position, with various factors affecting the shells' predicted trajectory.


Premise: What is the somerset climate like

Hypothesis: Along with the rest of South West England, Somerset has a temperate climate which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of the country.


Premise: In what year did Novgorod aquire its own archbishop?

Hypothesis: In the 12th century, Novgorod acquired its own archbishop Ilya in 1169, a sign of increased importance and political independence, while about 30 years prior to that in 1136 in Novgorod was established a republican form of government - elective monarchy.


Premise: What took over Lake Paranoa's shores contrary to the plan?

Hypothesis: At the northern end of Lake Paranoá, separated from the inner city, is a peninsula with many fashionable homes, and a similar city exists on the southern lakeshore.


Premise: Do all language make the distinction between poultry and fowls?

Hypothesis: "Poultry" can be defined as domestic fowls, including chickens, turkeys, geese and ducks, raised for the production of meat or eggs and the word is also used for the flesh of these birds used as food.


Premise: When was Eustache de la Fosse's voyage?

Hypothesis: In the 1480s this Portuguese explorer reached the Congo River and the lands of Bakongo, setting up the foundations of modern Angola, some 4200 km down the African coast from Guinea-Bissau.


Premise: How is COPD differentiated?

Hypothesis: After the age of 65 most people with obstructive airway disease will have asthma and COPD.


Premise: How many Jews were burned to death in 1349?

Hypothesis: Until the end of the 18th century, Jews were forbidden to remain in town after 10 pm.


Premise: What state did the Saturn V rocket launch from?

Hypothesis: On July 16, 1969, at exactly 9:32 am EDT, the Saturn V rocket, AS-506, lifted off from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 in Florida.


Premise: What is an example of a surjective map?

Hypothesis: Sub- and quotient groups are related in the following way: a subset H of G can be seen as an injective map H → G, i.e. any element of the target has at most one element that maps to it.


Premise: What battle did King Henry leave for in 1415?

Hypothesis: Prior to King Henry's departure for the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, the ringleaders of the "Southampton Plot"—Richard, Earl of Cambridge, Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham, and Sir Thomas Grey of Heton—were accused of high treason and tried at what is now the Red Lion public house in the High Street.


Premise: Who was one the most well known modern decorative modelers of the Greeks ?

Hypothesis: Alexandrian Constantine P. Cavafy and Nobel laureates Giorgos Seferis and Odysseas Elytis are among the most important poets of the 20th century.


Premise: Why do some animals pass food through their gut twice?

Hypothesis: Other animals, such as rabbits and rodents, practise coprophagia behaviours - eating specialised faeces in order to re-digest food, especially in the case of roughage.


Premise: What was the dominant religion of Persia before Islam?

Hypothesis: All these strands came together with the emergence of Islam in Arabia during the lifetime of Muhammad (d. 632).


Premise: What architectural style was Westminster Abbey rebuilt in?

Hypothesis: By the 11th century, London was beyond all comparison the largest town in England.


Premise: What medical product does Punjab manufacture?

Hypothesis: In 2003, the province manufactured 90% of the paper and paper boards, 71% of the fertilizers, 69% of the sugar and 40% of the cement of Pakistan.


Premise: When did Fox announce that Season 15 would be the final season?

Hypothesis: Fox announced on May 11, 2015 that the fifteenth season would be the final season of American Idol; as such, the season is expected to have an additional focus on the program's alumni.


Premise: In perfective verbs, what state is the action the verb describes in?

Hypothesis: This is distinct from past and present tense, and any Czech verb of either aspect can be conjugated into any of its three tenses.


Premise: Where was the letter A places in position?

Hypothesis: The "space" character had to come before graphics to make sorting easier, so it became position 20hex;:237 § 10 for the same reason, many special signs commonly used as separators were placed before digits.


Premise: What percentage of the population was below the poverty line?

Hypothesis: The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $30,237 (with a margin of error of +/-


Premise: From where were the bishops in attendance at the Council few in number?

Hypothesis: At the time, there were many varying opinions about Christian doctrine, and no centralized way of enforcing orthodoxy.


Premise: Kanye, Shakira, and Rage Against the Machine refused to perform in what state due to a new law against illegal aliens?

Hypothesis: West had previously participated in cultural boycotts, joining Shakira and Rage Against The Machine in refusing to perform in Arizona after the 2010 implementation of stop and search laws directed against potential illegal aliens.


Premise: How many numbers can a byte represent?

Hypothesis: When negative numbers are required, they are usually stored in two's complement notation.


Premise: When a solution of metallic zinc is cooled in molten ZnCl2, what is formed?

Hypothesis: The first zinc(I) compound containing the Zn—Zn bond, (η5-C5Me5)2Zn2, is also the first dimetallocene.


Premise: Prussian military officers were trained to exude what type thinking?

Hypothesis: According to the military historian Dallas Irvine, the system "was almost completely effective in excluding the army's brain power from the staff and high command.


Premise: What is an example of an organism that has a portion of its genetic material outside of its chromosomes?

Hypothesis: Most biological entities that are more complex than a virus sometimes or always carry additional genetic material besides that which resides in their chromosomes.


Premise: According to CAMRA, how many pubs in Britain possess classic snugs?

Hypothesis: These are on a historic interiors list in order that they can be preserved.


Premise: Where can participant observation take an anthropologist?

Hypothesis: They use many different methods of study, but modern population genetics, participant observation and other techniques often take anthropologists "into the field," which means traveling to a community in its own setting, to do something called "fieldwork."


Premise: What book described the functionality and operation of a contemporary Paris department/novelty store?

Hypothesis: The Paris department store had its roots in the magasin de nouveautés, or novelty store; the first, the Tapis Rouge, was created in 1784.


Premise: Min and Hakka dialects are found where?

Hypothesis: Besides Hokkien, there are also other Min and Hakka dialects in Fujian province, most of which are not mutually intelligible with Hokkien.


Premise: Who assists the Superintendent of Police?

Hypothesis: A Superintendent of Police, an officer belonging to the Indian Police Service is entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining law and order and related issues of the district.


Premise: Shell was accused of participating in the execution of which southern Nigerian tribal leader?

Hypothesis: In particular, Shell stood accused of collaborating in the execution of Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight other leaders of the Ogoni tribe of southern Nigeria, who were hanged in 1995 by Nigeria's then military rulers.


Premise: What product of uranium was used as toner?

Hypothesis: Uranium was also used in photographic chemicals (especially uranium nitrate as a toner), in lamp filaments for stage lighting bulbs, to improve the appearance of dentures, and in the leather and wood industries for stains and dyes.


Premise: How long after student campaigning did BYU begin recycling plastics?

Hypothesis: The student groups BYU Recycles, Eco-Response, and BYU Earth educate students, faculty, staff, and administrators about how the campus can decrease its environmental impact.


Premise: The pleura is made of how many lateral regions?

Hypothesis: The two lateral regions are called the pleura (singular: pleuron) and the ventral aspect is called the sternum.


Premise: What stopped the widespread use of hunting and gathering?

Hypothesis: Hunting and gathering was humanity's first and most successful adaptation, occupying at least 90 percent of human history.


Premise: How many times has London hosted the Summer Olympics?

Hypothesis: London is one of the world's leading investment destinations, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city.


Premise: What did John inherit in England?

Hypothesis: John inherited a sophisticated system of administration in England, with a range of royal agents answering to the Royal Household: the Chancery kept written records and communications; the Treasury and the Exchequer dealt with income and expenditure respectively; and various judges were deployed to deliver justice around the kingdom.


Premise: What is the most viewed television network in France?

Hypothesis: Radio France Internationale, another public broadcaster is also based in the city.


Premise: What is a term used to describe being able to learn something quicker due to an older ability?

Hypothesis: Knowing Latin, for instance, can help an individual learn a related language such as French – this phenomenon is known as positive transfer.


Premise: Who helped to improve the relations between India and Burma?

Hypothesis: In 2008, India suspended military aid to Myanmar over the issue of human rights abuses by the ruling junta, although it has preserved extensive commercial ties, which provide the regime with much-needed revenue.


Premise: In what decade did Cuban immigrants introduce their cuisine to Miami?

Hypothesis: Today, these are part of the local culture, and can be found throughout the city in window cafés, particularly outside of supermarkets and restaurants.


Premise: Does the scientific community agree that earthquake prediction is possible?

Hypothesis: Earthquake prediction is not yet established science; there was no consensus within the scientific community that earthquake "prediction" is possible.


Premise: What is a possible result of handling the bit reservoir?

Hypothesis: Layer III audio can also use a "bit reservoir", a partially full frame's ability to hold part of the next frame's audio data, allowing temporary changes in effective bitrate, even in a constant bitrate stream.


Premise: What can trigger famine conditions?

Hypothesis: The Nobel Prize-winning economist Amartya Sen has observed that "there is no such thing as an apolitical food problem."


Premise: What treaty addresses nuclear weapons?

Hypothesis: They are also the only recognized "Nuclear Weapons States" under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, and maintain military expenditures which are among the largest in the world.


Premise: What was the architectural style of the Chalukyas?

Hypothesis: The Western Chalukyas developed an architectural style known today as a transitional style, an architectural link between the style of the early Chalukya dynasty and that of the later Hoysala empire.


Premise: Who was influenced by Western European and Islamic tendencies?

Hypothesis: The Norman kings adopted the Byzantine tradition of mosaic decoration to enhance the somewhat dubious legality of their rule.


Premise: In what year did Lusitania become a Roman province?

Hypothesis: In 27 BC, Lusitania gained the status of Roman province.


Premise: When did Michael Dell found his company?

Hypothesis: Dell dropped out of school to focus full-time on his fledgling business, after getting $1,000 in expansion-capital from his family.


Premise: What date did North Carolina ratify the constitution?

Hypothesis: In 1840, it completed the state capitol building in Raleigh, still standing today.


Premise: What was the president of HHC's previous job title?

Hypothesis: Bellevue is the designated hospital for treatment of the President of the United States and other world leaders if they become sick or injured while in New York City.


Premise: Which work established Francesco Mario Pagano as an international authority on criminal law?

Hypothesis: Another prominent intellectual was Francesco Mario Pagano, who wrote important studies such as Saggi Politici (Political Essays, 1783), one of the major works of the Enlightenment in Naples, and Considerazioni sul processo criminale (Considerations on the criminal trial, 1787), which established him as an international authority on criminal law.


Premise: In which century were antibiotics first introduced?

Hypothesis: Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world.


Premise: What did European regulators introduce to increase the oversight of banks?

Hypothesis: Johan Norberg argues that regulations (Basel III among others) have indeed led to excessive lending to risky governments (see European sovereign-debt crisis) and the ECB pursues even more lending as the solution.


Premise: What does an individual do to attain ennoblement?

Hypothesis: Any individual could attain ennoblement (nobilitacja) for special services to the state.


Premise: What was the first date that the Ottoman empire had an air-based military unit?

Hypothesis: The establishment of Ottoman military aviation dates back to between June 1909 and July 1911.


Premise: What type of process was used to convert various metals into steel?

Hypothesis: Evidence suggests that blast furnaces, that convert raw iron ore into pig iron, which can be remelted in a cupola furnace to produce cast iron by means of a cold blast and hot blast, were operational in China by the late Spring and Autumn period (722–481 BC).


Premise: How much did actor Jackie Chan donate?

Hypothesis: The Artistes 512 Fund Raising Campaign, an 8-hour fundraising marathon, was held on June 1 in Hong Kong; it was attended by some 200 Sinosphere musicians and celebrities.


Premise: What year did the Irish Times start?

Hypothesis: In these countries, the newspaper is often referred to as The London Times or The Times of London.


Premise: What American Idol special received a Governors Award in 2007?

Hypothesis: American Idol was nominated for the Emmy's Outstanding Reality Competition Program for nine years but never won.


Premise: What was the result of early law on online liability?

Hypothesis: As different content was considered in different legal systems, and in the absence of common definitions for "ISPs," "bulletin boards" or "online publishers," early law on online intermediaries' liability varied widely from country to country.


Premise: When was the Jerome Park Reservoir built?

Hypothesis: Also in the northern Bronx, Wave Hill, the former estate of George W. Perkins—known for a historic house, gardens, changing site-specific art installations and concerts—overlooks the New Jersey Palisades from a promontory on the Hudson in Riverdale.


Premise: What was the nationality of Carl Lange?

Hypothesis: Working independently, they developed the James–Lange theory, a hypothesis on the origin and nature of emotions.


Premise: What underground items have lead to soil degradation?

Hypothesis: In recent years development projects have started in the deserts of Algeria and Tunisia using irrigated water pumped from underground aquifers.


Premise: What is the one country that takes longer than Guinea-Bissau to register a business?

Hypothesis: It takes longer on average to register a new business in Guinea-Bissau (233 days or about 33 weeks) than in any other country in the world except Suriname.


Premise: What were the invading Arab armies aim?

Hypothesis: The apparent purpose of the invasion was to prevent the establishment of the Jewish state at inception, and some Arab leaders talked about driving the Jews into the sea.


Premise: What is an Indvuna as it relates to the Parliament of Swaziland?

Hypothesis: The nominations are for the position of Member of Parliament, Constituency Headman (Indvuna) and the Constituency Executive Committee (Bucopho).


Premise: Where did the School of Law rank in  2015 by the U.S. News & World Reports?

Hypothesis: The program in occupational therapy at Washington University currently occupies the first spot for the 2016 U.S. News & World Report rankings, and the program in physical therapy is ranked first as well.


Premise: What occurs in bright light to leaves during fall?

Hypothesis: When the days of autumn are bright and cool, and the nights are chilly but not freezing, the brightest colorations usually develop.


Premise: Under which brand was Twilight Princess for the Nintendo Wii published?

Hypothesis: A high-definition port for the Wii U, The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD, will be released in March 2016.


Premise: WHich independent music company was founded by Geoff Travis?

Hypothesis: During the initial punk era, a variety of entrepreneurs interested in local punk-influenced music scenes began founding independent record labels, including Rough Trade (founded by record shop owner Geoff Travis) and Factory (founded by Manchester-based television personality Tony Wilson).


Premise: What was a term for an architect who catered to the wealthy?

Hypothesis: Effective architects generally received their training in the offices of other architects, graduating to the role from draughtsmen or clerks.


Premise: What caused Hayek to turn away from Wiser's ideology?

Hypothesis: Initially sympathetic to Wieser's democratic socialism, Hayek's economic thinking shifted away from socialism and toward the classical liberalism of Carl Menger after reading von Mises' book Socialism.


Premise: What toxic chemical did Dell set to eliminate from its products?

Hypothesis: It revised this commitment and now aims to remove these toxics by the end of 2011 but only in its computing products.


Premise: Which two countries refused to ratify the treaty to regulate mineral use in Antarctica?

Hypothesis: The following year, however, Australia and France announced that they would not ratify the convention, rendering it dead for all intents and purposes.


Premise: What are dog teeth best suited for?

Hypothesis: Dogs are predators and scavengers, and like many other predatory mammals, the dog has powerful muscles, fused wrist bones, a cardiovascular system that supports both sprinting and endurance, and teeth for catching and tearing.


Premise: Which group is a counterpart to NATO?

Hypothesis: The Treaty declared that any attack on one of the three parties in the Pacific area would be viewed as a threat to each, and that the common danger would be met in accordance with each nation's constitutional processes.


Premise: What no longer used accessories were powered by vacuum?

Hypothesis: Obsolete applications include vacuum-driven windscreen wipers and Autovac fuel pumps.


Premise: When was Mexico City declared the capital?

Hypothesis: The choice was official on November 18, 1824, and Congress delineated a surface area of two leagues square (8,800 acres) centered on the Zocalo.


Premise: Who confirmed the elevation of the Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1708?

Hypothesis: Thus the principality was upgraded to the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg, colloquially known as the Electorate of Hanover after Calenberg's capital (see also: House of Hanover).


Premise: What other area was mentioned regarding Prussian dominion in the Russian-Austrian pact?

Hypothesis: They also agreed to a secret clause that promised the restoration of Silesia and the countship of Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) to Austria in the event of hostilities with Prussia.


Premise: What sort of idealist did Hegel define himself as?

Hypothesis: Hegel called his philosophy "absolute" idealism in contrast to the "subjective idealism" of Berkeley and the "transcendental idealism" of Kant and Fichte, which were not based on a critique of the finite and a dialectical philosophy of history as Hegel's idealism was.


Premise: By Rowe's definition, when did he start to exclude animals?

Hypothesis: Since this ancestor lived in the Jurassic period, Rowe's definition excludes all animals from the earlier Triassic, despite the fact that Triassic fossils in the Haramiyida have been referred to the Mammalia since the mid-19th century.


Premise: How many people in Kazakhstan speak Russian actively?

Hypothesis: According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 4,200,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 10 million active speakers.


Premise: How many square miles are land in NYC?

Hypothesis: The highest point in the city is Todt Hill on Staten Island, which, at 409.8 feet (124.9 m) above sea level, is the highest point on the Eastern Seaboard south of Maine.


Premise: What did Kazusanosuke mean?

Hypothesis: For example, the full name of Oda Nobunaga would be "Oda Kazusanosuke Saburo Nobunaga" (織田上総介三郎信長), in which "Oda" is a clan or family name, "Kazusanosuke" is a title of vice-governor of Kazusa province, "Saburo" is a formal nickname (yobina), and "Nobunaga" is an adult name (nanori) given at genpuku, the coming of age ceremony.


Premise: What is something that may cause the reception and decoding of the content of a message to be faulty?

Hypothesis: One problem with this encode-transmit-receive-decode model is that the processes of encoding and decoding imply that the sender and receiver each possess something that functions as a codebook, and that these two code books are, at the very least, similar if not identical.


Premise: The absence of ignorance leads to what?

Hypothesis: Then the absence of the first Nidāna—ignorance—leads to the absence of the others.


Premise: When did Clark make his debut?

Hypothesis: Clark made his debut at Advocate Health Care on January 13, 2014, the same day as the press release announcing his installation as the club's first ever official physical mascot.


Premise: What dynasty maked the rise of Egypt as international power?

Hypothesis: Frequent contacts with other nations brought new ideas to the New Kingdom.


Premise: What building was first used for classes at Washington University?

Hypothesis: Although chartered as a university, for many years Washington University functioned primarily as a night school located on 17th Street and Washington Avenue in the heart of downtown St. Louis.


Premise: What early philosopher proposed Dvaitadvaita?

Hypothesis: Dvaitādvaita was proposed by Nimbarka, a 13th-century Vaishnava Philosopher from the Andhra region.


Premise: In order for a treaty to be valid in Brazil, a presidential decree incorporating the treaty into domestic law must be published where in order to be valid?

Hypothesis: In practice, this has been interpreted as meaning that the executive branch is free to negotiate and sign a treaty, but its ratification by the president is contingent upon the prior approval of Congress.


Premise: What was the SNES called in Japan?

Hypothesis: In Japan, the system is called the Super Famicom (Japanese: スーパーファミコン, Hepburn:


Premise: How far back in time do people in 'Terra Nova' travel?

Hypothesis: Terra Nova begins in the year 2149 when all life on the planet Earth is threatened with extinction resulting in scientists opening a door that allows people to travel back 85 million years to prehistoric times.


Premise: What was the name of the material that was produced from this groups and the opinions of others?

Hypothesis: Bragg asked Roy Wood Sellars to draft a document based on this information which resulted in the publication of the Humanist Manifesto in 1933.


Premise: What document declares that the Roman Catholic church lives within the body of Christ?

Hypothesis: Lumen Gentium stated that the Church subsists in the Body of Christ, raising questions as to the difference between "is" and "subsists in".


Premise: What did India supply to the Persian war efforts against Greece?

Hypothesis: During this time India supplied mercenaries to the Persian army then fighting in Greece.


Premise: Who headed the 1979 Sony and Philips digital audio disc task force?

Hypothesis: As a result, in 1979, Sony and Philips set up a joint task force of engineers to design a new digital audio disc.


Premise: Which rail station was the world's busiest passenger station in 1927?

Hypothesis: Melbourne has an integrated public transport system based around extensive train, tram, bus and taxi systems.


Premise: What do professional and amateur singers often sing?

Hypothesis: In addition, professional and amateur singers often sing works in languages they do not know (or do not know well), and translations are then used to enable them to understand the meaning of the words they are singing.


Premise: What nickname has the city  been given as a result of its extensive craft beer industry?

Hypothesis: Also, the local craft brewing industry attracts an increasing number of visitors for "beer tours" and the annual San Diego Beer Week in November; San Diego has been called "America's Craft Beer Capital."


Premise: Which contestant did the band Fuel ask to be their new lead singer?

Hypothesis: In My Hands)" on the show was widely praised and led to an invitation to join the band as Fuel's new lead singer, an invitation he declined.


Premise: Who became the country's first Communist head of state in 2008?

Hypothesis: In 2008, Dimitris Christofias became the country's first Communist head of state.


Premise: What forms of transport are available in the Congo?

Hypothesis: Transport in the Republic of the Congo includes land, air and water transportation.


Premise: According to Schopenhauer, to what can the ideal be attributed?

Hypothesis: All objects that are external to the mind are known indirectly through the mediation of our mind.


Premise: What area are scientists looking into regarding phosphor LED development?

Hypothesis: Currently, in the area of phosphor LED development, much effort is being spent on optimizing these devices to higher light output and higher operation temperatures.


Premise: Cyberabad contains a national park, what is it?

Hypothesis: It is home to information technology and bio-pharmaceutical companies and to landmarks such as Hyderabad Airport, Osman Sagar, Himayath Sagar and Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park.


Premise: According to a 2005 survey what was in Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: In the 2005 National Family Health Survey, it was reported that the city's total fertility rate is 1.8,:47 which is below the replacement rate.


Premise: What year was the Sakya viceregal regime eradicated?

Hypothesis: In 1358, the Sakya viceregal regime installed by the Mongols in Tibet was overthrown in a rebellion by the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen (1302–1364).


Premise: in what year did the UK annex the islands?

Hypothesis: This is reported to have primarily been a measure to ensure that the French would be unable to use the islands as a base for a rescue operation to free Napoleon Bonaparte from his prison on Saint Helena.


Premise: What is another type of configuration in which a capacitor may have its connecting leads arranged?

Hypothesis: Capacitors may have their connecting leads arranged in many configurations, for example axially or radially.


Premise: Major and minor what are means for managing dissonance and chromaticism?

Hypothesis: The tonalities of major and minor as means for managing dissonance and chromaticism in music took full shape.


Premise: What led sociologist like Stuart and Raymond to focus on class relations and the organization of production?

Hypothesis: In the United Kingdom, sociologists and other scholars influenced by Marxism, such as Stuart Hall (1932–2014) and Raymond Williams (1921–1988), developed cultural studies.


Premise: Along with Barbra Streisand, the Carpenters, Dionne Warwick, Barry Manilow and Olivia Newton-John, what adult contemporary staple found it more difficult to score chart hits in the 1980s?

Hypothesis: Mainstream AC itself has evolved in a similar fashion over the years; traditional AC artists like Barbra Streisand, the Carpenters, Dionne Warwick, Barry Manilow, John Denver, and Olivia Newton-John found it harder to have major Top 40 hits as the 1980s wore on, and due to the influence of MTV, artists who were staples of the Contemporary Hit Radio format, such as Richard Marx, Michael Jackson, Bonnie Tyler, George Michael, Phil Collins, and Laura Branigan began crossing over to the AC charts with greater frequency.


Premise: Besides the acceptance of Christianity, what other religious cults were tolerated?

Hypothesis: Constantine had triumphed under the signum (sign) of the Christ: Christianity was therefore officially embraced along with traditional religions and from his new Eastern capital, Constantine could be seen to embody both Christian and Hellenic religious interests.


Premise: What happens after an enhancer binds an activator protein?

Hypothesis: These act by binding to transcription factors which then cause the DNA to loop so that the regulatory sequence (and bound transcription factor) become close to the RNA polymerase binding site.


Premise: What happened just after the attack on Peal Harbor?

Hypothesis: On December 7, 1941, hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Guam was captured by the Japanese, and was occupied for thirty months.


Premise: One of UNFPA's goals is to make all pregnancies what?

Hypothesis: The UNFPA says it "is the lead UN agency for delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe and every young person's potential is fulfilled."


Premise: What aspect of the Chassepot was superior to the German needle gun?

Hypothesis: It was developed in such secrecy, that little training with the weapon had occurred, leaving French gunners with no experience; the gun was treated like artillery and in this role it was ineffective.


Premise: What equestrian event has Valencia hosted?

Hypothesis: In addition to these Valencia has hosted world-class events that helped shape the city's reputation and put it in the international spotlight, e.g., the Regional Exhibition of 1909, the 32nd and the 33rd America's Cup competitions, the European Grand Prix of Formula One auto racing, the Valencia Open 500 tennis tournament, and the Global Champions Tour of equestrian sports.


Premise: What's the storage capacity of the iPod Shuffle?

Hypothesis: Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued).


Premise: What are common diameters found in phonograph records?

Hypothesis: Phonograph records are generally described by their diameter in inches (12", 10", 7"), the rotational speed in rpm at which they are played (16 2⁄3, 33 1⁄3, 45, 78), and their time capacity resulting from a combination of those parameters (LP – long playing 33 1⁄3 rpm, SP – 78 rpm single, EP – 12-inch single or extended play, 33 or 45 rpm); their reproductive quality or level of fidelity (high-fidelity, orthophonic, full-range, etc.), and the number of audio channels provided (mono, stereo, quad, etc.).


Premise: The Liverpool Blitz sank how much shipping?

Hypothesis: Air attacks sank 39,126 long tons (39,754 t) of shipping, with another 111,601 long tons (113,392 t) damaged.


Premise: Which band members were involved in the restoration of Queen's prior projects?

Hypothesis: Under the supervision of May and Taylor, numerous restoration projects have been under way involving Queen's lengthy audio and video catalogue.


Premise: Which city is higher, Matte or Langgasse?

Hypothesis: There is an elevation difference of several metres between the inner city districts on the Aare (Matte, Marzili) and the higher ones (Kirchenfeld, Länggasse).


Premise: Which group is more likely to support DST: urban workers or rural farmers?

Hypothesis: Proponents of DST generally argue that it saves energy, promotes outdoor leisure activity in the evening (in summer), and is therefore good for physical and psychological health, reduces traffic accidents, reduces crime, or is good for business.


Premise: What was the catch phrase Lawrence Toppman of the Charlotte Observer used for the film?

Hypothesis: Alyssa Rosenberg, writing for The Washington Post, stated that the film turned into "a disappointingly conventional Bond film."


Premise: What do systems with no MCU use in order to perform multipoint conferencing?

Hypothesis: These use a standards-based H.323 technique known as "decentralized multipoint", where each station in a multipoint call exchanges video and audio directly with the other stations with no central "manager" or other bottleneck.


Premise: What year was victorias final child born?

Hypothesis: Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child, Beatrice, despite opposition from members of the clergy, who considered it against biblical teaching, and members of the medical profession, who thought it dangerous.


Premise: How many Japanese carriers were sunk during the war?

Hypothesis: Over 200 warships were sunk, ranging from many auxiliaries and destroyers to one battleship and no fewer than eight carriers.


Premise: In what suite did Schumann name a work for Chopin?

Hypothesis: Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works.


Premise: What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in Ukraine?

Hypothesis: The correlation between R1a1a [M17] and the speakers of Indo-European languages, particularly those of Eastern Europe (Russian) and Central and Southern Asia, was noticed in the late 1990s.


Premise: What did the iMac replace the floppy disk drive with?

Hypothesis: It replaced a floppy disk drive with a CD-ROM drive for installing software, but was incapable of writing to CDs or other media without external third-party hardware.


Premise: In exchange for altering the property to a more beneficial state, what does the landowner gain from the Safe Harbor agreement?

Hypothesis: The landowner agrees to alter the property to benefit or even attract a listed or proposed species in exchange for assurances that the FWS will permit future "takes" above a pre-determined level.


Premise: What is the name of the downtown arena?

Hypothesis: Chesapeake Energy Arena in downtown is the principal multipurpose arena in the city which hosts concerts, NHL exhibition games, and many of the city's pro sports teams.


Premise: What does NCDC stand for?

Hypothesis: Annual events include Dance Marathon, a thirty-hour event that raised more than a million dollars for charity in 2011; and Project Pumpkin, a Halloween celebration hosted by the Northwestern Community Development Corps (NCDC) to which more than 800 local children are invited for an afternoon of games and sweets.


Premise: How many people were killed in the incendry attack on Tokyo on March 9-10, 1945?

Hypothesis: On 9–10 March 1945 alone, about 100,000 people were killed in a conflagration caused by an incendiary attack on Tokyo.


Premise: What is unusual about I-19?

Hypothesis: I-19 is the only Interstate highway that uses "kilometer posts" instead of "mileposts", although the speed limits are marked in miles per hour instead of kilometers per hour.


Premise: Muslims make up how much of the Israel's population?

Hypothesis: Making up 16% of the population, Muslims constitute Israel's largest religious minority.


Premise: In what central New Haven location did protesters of the Black Panther trials congregate?

Hypothesis: In 1970, the New Haven Black Panther trials took place, the largest and longest trials in Connecticut history.


Premise: What type of music is Richard Hagopian famous for?

Hypothesis: Richard Hagopian is perhaps the most famous artist of the traditional "kef" style and the Vosbikian Band was notable in the 40s and 50s for developing their own style of "kef music" heavily influenced by the popular American Big Band Jazz of the time.


Premise: What term came into use in Victorian times to designate the pub landlord?

Hypothesis: Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to home or work, the availability of a particular beer, as a place to smoke (or avoid it), hosting a darts team, having a pool or snooker table, or appealing to friends.


Premise: How were Roman camps laid out?

Hypothesis: Roman camps followed a standard pattern for defense and religious ritual; in effect they were Rome in miniature.


Premise: Comcast owns what movie studio?

Hypothesis: Entertainment Television, the Golf Channel, and NBCSN), over-the-air national broadcast network channels (NBC and Telemundo), the film production studio Universal Pictures, and Universal Parks & Resorts, with a global total of nearly 200 family entertainment locations and attractions in the U.S. and several other countries including U.A.E., South Korea, Russia and China, with several new locations reportedly planned and being developed for future operation.


Premise: Since 1976, how many Americans have been executed for crimes committed as juveniles?

Hypothesis: Twenty-two of the executions occurred after 1976, in seven states.


Premise: How many miles away from London is Plymouth?

Hypothesis: south-west of Exeter and 190 miles (310 km)


Premise: What was the Areonautics Branch renamed to?

Hypothesis: In 1936, the Bureau itself took over the centers and began to expand the ATC system.


Premise: In what year was Kitab al-Miraj likely translated into Latin?

Hypothesis: Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, derived features of and episodes about Bolgia from Arabic works on Islamic eschatology: the Hadith and the Kitab al-Miraj (translated into Latin in 1264 or shortly before as Liber Scale Machometi) concerning the ascension to Heaven of Muhammad, and the spiritual writings of Ibn Arabi.


Premise: What was the most recent conflict that affected the closure of BYU Jerusalem Center from 2000-2007?

Hypothesis: In 2001, the Institute of International Education ranked BYU as the number one university in the U.S. to offer students study abroad opportunities.


Premise: What percent of household have children under 18?

Hypothesis: There were 46,917 households, out of which 7,835 (16.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 13,092 (27.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 3,510 (7.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,327 (2.8%) had a male householder with no wife present.


Premise: What was the name of Kanye's ex-fiance?

Hypothesis: West had previously experimented with the technology on his debut album The College Dropout for the background vocals of "Jesus Walks" and "Never Let Me Down."


Premise: What do Bohras believe happened to Taiyab abi al-qasim?

Hypothesis: After his death, they believe their 21st Imam Taiyab abi al-Qasim went into a Dawr-e-Satr (period of concealment) that continues to this day.


Premise: The biggest suspension bridge in the US is what?

Hypothesis: This bridge was also the longest suspension bridge in the world from its opening until 1903, and is the first steel-wire suspension bridge.


Premise: What was the migration rate of Mexico City from 95-2000?

Hypothesis: Nonetheless, the annual rate of growth of the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City is much lower than that of other large urban agglomerations in Mexico, a phenomenon most likely attributable to the environmental policy of decentralization.


Premise: What area did the Hasan-jalalians command?

Hypothesis: In the early 12th century, Armenian princes of the Zakarid noble family drove out the Seljuk Turks and established a semi-independent Armenian principality in Northern and Eastern Armenia, known as Zakarid Armenia, which lasted under the patronage of the Georgian Kingdom.


Premise: What was NOT triggered by Vieira's death?

Hypothesis: He was killed on 2 March 2009, possibly by soldiers in retaliation for the assassination of General Batista Tagme Na Waie, the head of the joint chiefs of staff, killed in an explosion.


Premise: A large benefit of a bit reservoir is that you can use it even while encoding what kind of stream?

Hypothesis: Layer III audio can also use a "bit reservoir", a partially full frame's ability to hold part of the next frame's audio data, allowing temporary changes in effective bitrate, even in a constant bitrate stream.


Premise: Are Arizona and New Mexico residents speaking Spanish or English?

Hypothesis: The state (like its southwestern neighbors) has had close linguistic and cultural ties with Mexico.


Premise: Prior to working at Universal, what studio employed Marlene Dietrich?

Hypothesis: When Pasternak stopped producing Durbin's pictures, and she outgrew her screen persona and pursued more dramatic roles, the studio signed 13-year-old Gloria Jean for her own series of Pasternak musicals from 1939; she went on to star with Bing Crosby, W. C. Fields, and Donald O'Connor.


Premise: When did Baptist congregations split over slavery?

Hypothesis: In May 1845, the Baptist congregations in the United States split over slavery and missions.


Premise: What did the democratic-republican party believe in?

Hypothesis: The Federalist Party of the United States was opposed by the Democratic-Republicans, including powerful figures such as Thomas Jefferson.


Premise: When were the technical rules for the Japanses version of men's rhythmic gymnastics formed?

Hypothesis: The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s.


Premise: What was the original release date for Gamecube?

Hypothesis: Aonuma had anticipated creating a Zelda game for what would later be called the Wii, but had assumed that he would need to complete Twilight Princess first.


Premise: When did early agricultural communities in Iran begin to appear and prosper?

Hypothesis: Iran's Neanderthal artifacts from the Middle Paleolithic period, c. 200,000–40,000 BC, have been found mainly in the Zagros region, at sites such as Warwasi and Yafteh Cave.[page needed]


Premise: What year was the single "Hey Hey! Holy Mackerel! (The Cubs Song)" produced?

Hypothesis: (The Cubs Song)" whose title and lyrics incorporated the catch-phrases of the respective TV and radio announcers for the Cubs, Jack Brickhouse and Vince Lloyd.


Premise: To whom did Queen Victoria lament that marriage was a shocking alternative to her mother's prescence?

Hypothesis: She showed interest in Albert's education for the future role he would have to play as her husband, but she resisted attempts to rush her into wedlock.


Premise: What is the common term that the Government of Ireland uses when documents are written jointly with the British?

Hypothesis: The earliest known use of the phrase Brytish Iles in the English language is dated 1577 in a work by John Dee.


Premise: Who took over for Thatcher?

Hypothesis: The tax was quickly repealed by her successor John Major, whom The Sun initially supported enthusiastically, believing he was a radical Thatcherite – despite the economy having entered recession at this time.


Premise: How many MP3s were offered for free by the website?

Hypothesis: In November 1997, the website mp3.com was offering thousands of MP3s created by independent artists for free.


Premise: The song was listened to multiple times to try and refine what?

Hypothesis: Brandenburg adopted the song for testing purposes, listening to it again and again each time refining the scheme, making sure it did not adversely affect the subtlety of Vega's voice.


Premise: How many years ago did hunting-gatherers start specializing in their collection practices?

Hypothesis: Starting at the transition between the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period, some 80,000 to 70,000 years ago, some hunter-gatherers bands began to specialize, concentrating on hunting a smaller selection of (often larger) game and gathering a smaller selection of food.


Premise: Where do male emporer penguins keep eggs?

Hypothesis: Bird eggs are usually laid in a nest.


Premise: When was Charles University founded in Prague?

Hypothesis: Bohemia (as Czech civilization was known by then) increased in power over the centuries, as its language did in regional importance.


Premise: What were the positive effects of the flashing process?

Hypothesis: This made the lamp sensitive to fluctuations in the power supply, since a small increase of voltage would cause the filament to heat up, reducing its resistance and causing it to draw even more power and heat even further.


Premise: The idea of "Carpatho-Ruthenian" nation is supported only by Lemkos residing where?

Hypothesis: ^6 There are sources that show Silesians as part of the Poles.


Premise: What variety is the most common the the United States and the U.K.

Hypothesis: The most common commercial breed in the United Kingdom and the United States is the Pekin duck, which can lay 200 eggs a year and can reach a weight of 3.5 kg (7.7 lb) in 44 days.


Premise: What influences did the Sumerian language seem to retain?

Hypothesis: However, the archaeological record shows clear uninterrupted cultural continuity from the time of the early Ubaid period (5300 – 4700 BC C-14) settlements in southern Mesopotamia.


Premise: At what age did Harper Lee's mother die?

Hypothesis: Lee had a brother named Edwin, who—like the fictional Jem—was four years older than his sister.


Premise: Who once used the spice route that the Ottoman Empire controlled?

Hypothesis: The Ottoman Empire stood between the West and the East, thus blocking the land route eastward and forcing Spanish and Portuguese navigators to set sail in search of a new route to the Orient.


Premise: What special cells in the eyes communicate directly to the SCN cells?

Hypothesis: But the retina also contains specialized ganglion cells that are directly photosensitive, and project directly to the SCN, where they help in the entrainment (synchronization) of this master circadian clock.


Premise: What did the palace call estimates of Elizabeth wealth in 1993?

Hypothesis: In 1993, Buckingham Palace called estimates of £100 million "grossly overstated".


Premise: How many comarcas does Galicia consist of?

Hypothesis: Galicia is further divided into 53 comarcas, 315 municipalities (93 in A Coruña, 67 in Lugo, 92 in Ourense, 62 in Pontevedra) and 3,778 parishes.


Premise: What should be used for individuals with shortness of breath?

Hypothesis: Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath.


Premise: Which general was determined to go on the attack over Saar?

Hypothesis: General Le Bœuf, flushed with anger, was intent upon going on the offensive over the Saar and countering their loss.


Premise: For what reason was asphalt used in the flooring of buildings?

Hypothesis: For example, asphalt could also used for flooring, damp proofing in buildings, and for waterproofing of various types of pools and baths, with these latter themselves proliferating in the 19th century.


Premise: What year was Deuterium discovered?

Hypothesis: He produced solid hydrogen the next year.


Premise: Which country did Britain acquire Newfoundland and Acadia from?

Hypothesis: The British Empire was territorially enlarged: from France, Britain gained Newfoundland and Acadia, and from Spain, Gibraltar and Minorca.


Premise: What fungus is known to cause uranium content in its symbiotic plant roots to increase?

Hypothesis: The mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices increases uranium content in the roots of its symbiotic plant.


Premise: When did the UN ask Tuvalu to come up with a plan to improve drinking water?

Hypothesis: Government water planning has established a target of between 50 and 100L of water per person per day accounting for drinking water, cleaning, community and cultural activities.


Premise: What were the other offshoots formed in countries other than France?

Hypothesis: In other countries Futurism, Suprematism, Dada, Constructivism and De Stijl developed in response to Cubism.


Premise: When do hunting regulations date from in the US?

Hypothesis: Regulation of hunting within the United States dates from the 19th century.


Premise: What is the volatage surge of the third rail of London Underground system?

Hypothesis: The London Underground in England is one of the few networks that uses a four-rail system.


Premise: What was introduced during the first Digimon anime?

Hypothesis: The data then recomposes itself as a Digi-Egg, which will hatch when rubbed gently, and the Digimon goes through its life cycle again.


Premise: How many visitors came to Alaska between 2012-2013?

Hypothesis: Because of limited highway access, air travel remains the most efficient form of transportation in and out of the state.


Premise: Which member of Spectre had been presumed to be dead?

Hypothesis: Bond asks her to investigate Oberhauser, who was presumed dead years earlier.


Premise: Where are the most frequent characteristics of Helvetisms found?

Hypothesis: The most frequent characteristics of Helvetisms are in vocabulary, phrases, and pronunciation, but certain Helvetisms denote themselves as special in syntax and orthography likewise.


Premise: Who are some of the most renowned football managers in Portugal?

Hypothesis: Portuguese football managers are also noteworthy, with José Mourinho, André Villas-Boas, Fernando Santos, Carlos Queiroz and Manuel José among the most renowned.


Premise: Where in Africa did the French have control?

Hypothesis: Finally, for King Leopold (ruled from 1865–1909), there was the large “piece of that great African cake” known as the Congo, which, unfortunately for the native Congolese, became his personal fiefdom to do with as he pleased in Central Africa.


Premise: Where is the starting point of the terminus line in New Haven?

Hypothesis: The vision for this corridor is to restore the alignment to its original route via the Knowledge Corridor in western Massachusetts, improving trip time and increasing the population base that can be served.


Premise: What is the sweep of land from the Nile Valley through Anatolia called?

Hypothesis: The Ancient Near East is a term of the 20th century intended to stabilize the geographical application of Near East to ancient history.[citation needed]


Premise: Who suggested the September 11 attacks on the United States were inspired by a masonic world order?

Hypothesis: Professor Andrew Prescott of the University of Sheffield writes: "Since at least the time of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, antisemitism has gone hand in hand with anti-masonry, so it is not surprising that allegations that 11 September was a Zionist plot have been accompanied by suggestions that the attacks were inspired by a masonic world order".


Premise: Where was the Galeb docked after Tito's death?

Hypothesis: Another residence was maintained at Lake Bled, while the grounds at Karađorđevo were the site of "diplomatic hunts".


Premise: What famous spiritual guide and God was a devotional temple made to in the 8th century ?

Hypothesis: According to some scholars, the foundational event was the Olympic Games in 776 BC, when the idea of a common Hellenism among the Greek tribes was first translated into a shared cultural experience and Hellenism was primarily a matter of common culture.


Premise: In what architectural style is the gateway of Grove Street Cemetery notably designed?

Hypothesis: The Union League Club of New Haven building, located on Chapel Street, is notable for not only being a historic Beaux-Arts building, but also is built on the site where Roger Sherman's home once stood; George Washington is known to have stayed at the Sherman residence while President in 1789 (one of three times Washington visited New Haven throughout his lifetime).


Premise: How long is Newtown Creek in kilometers?

Hypothesis: One of the most heavily used bodies of water in the Port of New York and New Jersey, it had been one of the most contaminated industrial sites in the country, containing years of discarded toxins, an estimated 30 million US gallons (110,000 m3) of spilled oil, including the Greenpoint oil spill, raw sewage from New York City's sewer system, and other accumulation.


Premise: Which Canadian group embraced Georgian architecture as a sign of fealty to Britain?

Hypothesis: In Canada the United Empire Loyalists embraced Georgian architecture as a sign of their fealty to Britain, and the Georgian style was dominant in the country for most of the first half of the 19th century.


Premise: Who won the Chess Cup in 2009?

Hypothesis: The Israeli chess team won the silver medal at the 2008 Chess Olympiad and the bronze, coming in third among 148 teams, at the 2010 Olympiad.


Premise: What fed US hysteria about terrorism?

Hypothesis: Other critics, such as Francis Fukuyama, note that "terrorism" is not an enemy, but a tactic; calling it a "war on terror", obscures differences between conflicts such as anti-occupation insurgents and international mujahideen.


Premise: General Dupuy revealed the motives for Napoleon's religious tolerance after the death of which religious figure?

Hypothesis: His religious opportunism is epitomized in his famous quote: "It is by making myself Catholic that I brought peace to Brittany and Vendée.


Premise: What does varmint hunting achieve?

Hypothesis: While not always an efficient form of pest control, varmint hunting achieves selective control of pests while providing recreation and is much less regulated.


Premise: How much weight is permitted on a low capacity elevator?

Hypothesis: due to technical limitations, these elevators have a low capacity.


Premise: Who wrote the 'Treatise on the Police'?

Hypothesis: Michel Foucault claims that the contemporary concept of police as a paid and funded functionary of the state was developed by German and French legal scholars and practitioners in Public administration and Statistics in the 17th and early 18th centuries, most notably with Nicolas Delamare's Traité de la Police ("Treatise on the Police"), first published in 1705.


Premise: What do Czech typographical features not associated with phonetics tend to resemble?

Hypothesis: Czech typographical features not associated with phonetics generally resemble those of most Latin European languages, including English.


Premise: Along with the Late Middle Ages, what are the other two period of the Middle Ages?

Hypothesis: Flavio Biondo used a similar framework in Decades of History from the Deterioration of the Roman Empire (1439–1453).


Premise: In what geographical direction would a New Yorker travel to reach the Croton Watershed?

Hypothesis: The ongoing expansion of New York City Water Tunnel No. 3, an integral part of the New York City water supply system, is the largest capital construction project in the city's history.


Premise: Where can regulatory regions be found?

Hypothesis: Regulatory regions can even be on entirely different chromosomes and operate in trans to allow regulatory regions on one chromosome to come in contact with target genes on another chromosome.


Premise: What was the population of the island in 1659

Hypothesis: Saint Helena was first settled by the English in 1659, and the island has a population of about 4,250 inhabitants, mainly descended from people from Britain – settlers ("planters") and soldiers – and slaves who were brought there from the beginning of settlement – initially from Africa (the Cape Verde Islands, Gold Coast and west coast of Africa are mentioned in early records), then India and Madagascar.


Premise: In modern times, from which year have children attended school in Galician?

Hypothesis: The period since the re-establishment of democracy in Spain—in particular since the Lei de Normalización Lingüística ("Law of Linguistic Normalization", Ley 3/1983, 15 June 1983)—represents the first time since the introduction of mass education that a generation has attended school in Galician (Spanish is also still taught in Galician schools).


Premise: When was fiber-optics first patented?

Hypothesis: Its master patent was issued in December 1880, many decades before the photophone's principles came into popular use.


Premise: What is the largest ethnic group in liberia?

Hypothesis: These latter two groups established political control in the 19th century which they kept well into the 20th century.


Premise: What are electrical fields projected on to?

Hypothesis: In linear polarization the electric field of the radio wave oscillates back and forth along one direction; this can be affected by the mounting of the antenna but usually the desired direction is either horizontal or vertical polarization.


Premise: What document established judicial oversight of legislation in Austria?

Hypothesis: This function is performed by the Constitutional Court (Verfassungsgerichtshof), which is also charged with the review of administrative acts on whether they violate constitutionally guaranteed rights.


Premise: Who took over for Wever after his death?

Hypothesis: The Luftwaffe was not pressured into ground support operations because of pressure from the army, or because it was led by ex-army personnel.


Premise: What are two of the top spiritual destination that Myanmar offers ?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, much of the country is off-limits to tourists, and interactions between foreigners and the people of Myanmar, particularly in the border regions, are subject to police scrutiny.


Premise: How did Internet hunting allow people to hunt?

Hypothesis: When Internet hunting was introduced in 2005, allowing people to hunt over the Internet using remotely controlled guns, the practice was widely criticised by hunters as violating the principles of fair chase.


Premise: Why did blacks fear to identify as African?

Hypothesis: They also felt that it would give ammunition to those who were advocating repatriating black people back to Africa.


Premise: What is one of the eight factors?

Hypothesis: The Noble Eightfold Path—the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths—consists of a set of eight interconnected factors or conditions, that when developed together, lead to the cessation of dukkha.


Premise: How many of Chiang Kai-Shek's troops were controlled by warlords?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, many of the forces of the Chinese Nationalists were warlords allied to Chiang Kai-Shek, but not directly under his command. "


Premise: How many divisions did Blumenbach's treatise specify?

Hypothesis: The 1775 treatise "The Natural Varieties of Mankind", by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach proposed five major divisions: the Caucasoid race, Mongoloid race, Ethiopian race (later termed Negroid, and not to be confused with the narrower Ethiopid race), American Indian race, and Malayan race, but he did not propose any hierarchy among the races.


Premise: What kind of software replaced Carnivore?

Hypothesis: The Associated Press reported in mid-January 2005 that the FBI essentially abandoned the use of Carnivore in 2001, in favor of commercially available software, such as NarusInsight.


Premise: Unlike every previous winner, the winner of this season failed to achieve what status?

Hypothesis: This is the first season in which the winner failed to achieve gold album status, and none from that season achieved platinum album status in the U.S.[citation needed]


Premise: Into what country does Portugal's railway system expand?

Hypothesis: A national railway system that extends throughout the country and into Spain, is supported and administered by Comboios de Portugal.


Premise: What does the abbreviation CDS stand for?

Hypothesis: However, AIG did not have the financial strength to support its many CDS commitments as the crisis progressed and was taken over by the government in September 2008.


Premise: What right to abstain from do Jehovah's Witnesses exercise?

Hypothesis: Similar cases in their favor have been heard in Canada.


Premise: What side has an artificial lake with a little castle?

Hypothesis: On the north side is an artificial lake with a little castle housing a municipal library for children.


Premise: What happened in the Carboniferous?

Hypothesis: The most recent, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, occurred 65 million years ago and has often attracted more attention than others because it resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs.


Premise: What is a malicious technique in which an attacker tricks the user into clicking on a button or link?

Hypothesis: Clickjacking, also known as "UI redress attack or User Interface redress attack", is a malicious technique in which an attacker tricks a user into clicking on a button or link on another webpage while the user intended to click on the top level page.


Premise: What agency manages Tucson's water?

Hypothesis: Perhaps the biggest sustainability problem in Tucson, with its high desert climate, is potable water supply.


Premise: Where was the Cafe Procope established in 1686?

Hypothesis: The Café Procope was established in Paris in 1686; by the 1720s there were around 400 cafés in the city.


Premise: What part of the FBI did Mueller want to re-engineer?

Hypothesis: During the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center, FBI agent Leonard W. Hatton Jr. was killed during the rescue effort while helping the rescue personnel evacuate the occupants of the South Tower and stayed when it collapsed.


Premise: What was the third largest denomination in North carolina in 2010?

Hypothesis: The fourth greatest was the Presbyterian Church (USA), with 186,000 members and 710 congregations; this denomination was brought by Scots-Irish immigrants who settled the backcountry in the colonial era.


Premise: What was an imported food that provided most of the carbohydrates?

Hypothesis: This Agricultural Revolution, combined with a "Fish-stew Revolution", in which fishing began to take place, and the use of boats, allowed for the transportation of goods.


Premise: The pebble mosaics found at Tiyns are from what age?

Hypothesis: Bronze age pebble mosaics have been found at Tiryns; mosaics of the 4th century BC are found in the Macedonian palace-city of Aegae, and the 4th-century BC mosaic of The Beauty of Durrës discovered in Durrës, Albania in 1916, is an early figural example; the Greek figural style was mostly formed in the 3rd century BC.


Premise: What was the effect of the Battle of Hakusukinoe?

Hypothesis: Following the Battle of Hakusukinoe against Tang China and Silla in 663 AD that led to a Japanese retreat from Korean affairs, Japan underwent widespread reform.


Premise: With what is royal assent sometimes associated with?

Hypothesis: However, royal assent is usually granted less ceremonially by letters patent.


Premise: Troiden's second stage is referred to as what?

Hypothesis: The second stage, identity confusion, tends to occur a few years later.


Premise: On which date did Chelsea host an entirely foreign starting line-up and therefore become the first team to do so?

Hypothesis: On 26 December 1999, Chelsea became the first Premier League side to field an entirely foreign starting line-up, and on 14 February 2005


Premise: Whose theory claimed that species were unchanging and designed by God?

Hypothesis: The biological classification introduced by Carl Linnaeus in 1735 also viewed species as fixed according to the divine plan.


Premise: During what century was the Roman conversion to Christianity considered complete?

Hypothesis: Another change was the Christianisation, or conversion of the empire to Christianity, a gradual process that lasted from the 2nd to the 5th centuries.


Premise: Who is Dawoodi Bohra's present 53rd Da'i al-Butlaq?

Hypothesis: After his death, they believe their 21st Imam Taiyab abi al-Qasim went into a Dawr-e-Satr (period of concealment) that continues to this day.


Premise: Along with bridges, tithe barns and town halls, what notable new structures were built during this period?

Hypothesis: The construction of cathedrals and castles advanced building technology, leading to the development of large stone buildings.


Premise: Of what element of Barcelona's board did Espanyol disapprove?

Hypothesis: The founding message of the club was clearly anti-Barcelona, and they disapprovingly saw FC Barcelona as a team of foreigners.


Premise: What was the outcome of preventing Mary from having to endure such an injustice ?

Hypothesis: The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition).


Premise: How much in dollars did the Houston area export in 2012?

Hypothesis: In 2012, the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land area recorded $110.3 billion in merchandise exports.


Premise: What is the third mark of existence in Buddhism?

Hypothesis: In the Nikayas anatta is not meant as a metaphysical assertion, but as an approach for gaining release from suffering.


Premise: Whose rationalism did Peirce criticize?

Hypothesis: In later years he even emphasized the concept-driven side of the then ongoing debate between strict empiricism and strict rationalism, in part to counterbalance the excesses to which some of his cohorts had taken pragmatism under the "data-driven" strict-empiricist view.


Premise: The HD capabilities of modern gaming systems has inspired developers to do what?

Hypothesis: The HD capabilities of the consoles has influenced some developers to port games from past consoles onto the PS3, Xbox 360 and Wii U, often with remastered or upscaled graphics.


Premise: How man troops did the Russians have when they attacked Silistra ?

Hypothesis: In the center, the Russian forces crossed the Danube and laid siege to Silistra from 14 April with 60,000 troops, the defenders with 15,000 had supplies for three months.:415 The siege was lifted on 23 June 1854.


Premise: When was it announced that the SaberCats would be shutting down?

Hypothesis: A statement from the league indicated that the AFL is working to secure new, long-term owners for the franchise.


Premise: During his attendance to von Mises' seminars, who did Hayek become friends with?

Hypothesis: It was during this time that he also encountered and befriended noted political philosopher Eric Voegelin, with whom he retained a long-standing relationship.


Premise: The major gateway for immigration has been which US city?

Hypothesis: Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world.


Premise: What are the main subjects that are covered by the instructor?

Hypothesis: Instructors in primary and secondary institutions are often called teachers, and they direct the education of students and might draw on many subjects like reading, writing, mathematics, science and history.


Premise: What is the mission set of the Air Force called that includes nuclear strike operations?

Hypothesis: Assure/Dissuade/Deter is a mission set derived from the Air Force's readiness to carry out the nuclear strike operations mission as well as from specific actions taken to assure allies as a part of extended deterrence.


Premise: Monody, the madrigal comedy, and intermedio are all precursors to what?

Hypothesis: Towards the end of the period, the early dramatic precursors of opera such as monody, the madrigal comedy, and the intermedio are seen.


Premise: For what mineral reserve does Nanjing rank first in both East Asia and the South East Asia areas?

Hypothesis: Its reserves of strontium rank first in East Asia and the South East Asia region.


Premise: What was a rarest rare to become a noble?

Hypothesis: yet this was the rarest means of gaining noble status).


Premise: Who declared the "Mayor" of Mexico City?

Hypothesis: Therefore, it was the president, representing the federation, who used to designate the head of government of the Federal District, a position which is sometimes presented outside Mexico as the "Mayor" of Mexico City.[citation needed]