Premise: Who did Virgil recite Books 2, 4, and 6 of the Aeneid to?

Hypothesis: Virgil is said to have recited Books 2, 4, and 6 to Augustus; and Book 6 apparently caused Augustus' sister Octavia to faint.


Premise: What are the melodic units used by Ottoman classical music?

Hypothesis: Compositionally, it is organised around rhythmic units called usul, which are somewhat similar to meter in Western music, and melodic units called makam, which bear some resemblance to Western musical modes.


Premise: What is the main ingredient in the groundwood process?

Hypothesis: Mechanical pulping does not remove the lignin, so the yield is very high, >95%, however it causes the paper thus produced to turn yellow and become brittle over time.


Premise: What is the home field of Plymouth Argyle F.C.?

Hypothesis: Plymouth is home to Plymouth Argyle F.C., who play in the fourth tier of English football league known as Football League Two.


Premise: How many members are there in the Swazi House of Assembly?

Hypothesis: The elections are held every five years after dissolution of parliament by the king.


Premise: What decisions must be made in the last stage of database design?

Hypothesis: The final stage of database design is to make the decisions that affect performance, scalability, recovery, security, and the like.


Premise: Low grade metamorphic rocks are composed of what, generally?

Hypothesis: Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic rocks.


Premise: When did Southampton officially become a city?

Hypothesis: A Royal Charter in 1952 upgraded University College at Highfield to the University of Southampton.


Premise: What do you have to have to gather for public prayer?

Hypothesis: There are reports that registration on the local level is sometimes difficult to obtain.


Premise: What is the ultimate result of synnecrosis?

Hypothesis: Because of this, evolution selects against synnecrosis and it is uncommon in nature.


Premise: Where might the text of a treaty be reprinted?

Hypothesis: The signatures of the parties' representatives follow at the very end.


Premise: In the Unites States what sets out the boundaries of federal law?

Hypothesis: The Constitution sets out the boundaries of federal law, which consists of acts of Congress, treaties ratified by the Senate, regulations promulgated by the executive branch, and case law originating from the federal judiciary.


Premise: When was the armistice signed between Russia and Central powers?

Hypothesis: Another action in 1917 that is of note was the armistice signed between Russia and the Central Powers at Brest-Litovsk.


Premise: The development of what two types of exptertise established the core competencies on which the company was founded?

Hypothesis: The development of technical and commercial expertise in all stages of this vertical integration, from the initial search for oil (exploration) through its harvesting (production), transportation, refining and finally trading and marketing established the core competencies on which the company was founded.


Premise: When the bomber crossed the first beam the bomber-aimer did what?

Hypothesis: The first cross-beam acted as a warning for the bomb-aimer to start the bombing-clock which he would activate only when the second cross-beam was reached.


Premise: What company did Ray Kroc own?

Hypothesis: The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame is dedicated to research, education and outreach on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace.


Premise: Nader Shah expanded Iranian power to its highest peak since what Empire?

Hypothesis: During the reign of Nader Shah, Iran reached its greatest extent since the Sassanid Empire, reestablishing the Iranian hegemony all over the Caucasus, as well as other major parts of the west and central Asia, and briefly possessing what was arguably the most powerful empire at the time.


Premise: Who tipped of Bulger?

Hypothesis: Connolly was the agent leading the investigation of Bulger.


Premise: Why have many US Air Force pilots opted to resign from active service?

Hypothesis: The Commander of Air Combat Command, General Mike Hostage indicated that the USAF must reduce its F-15 and F-16 fleets and eliminate platforms like the A-10 in order to focus on a fifth-generation jet fighter future.


Premise: What did this leader of change believe of the conception of Mary ?

Hypothesis: Martin Luther, who initiated the Protestant Reformation, said: "Mother Mary, like us, was born in sin of sinful parents, but the Holy Spirit covered her, sanctified and purified her so that this child was born of flesh and blood, but not with sinful flesh and blood.


Premise: Whitehead rejected the Cartesian idea in favor of what?

Hypothesis: In this, he went against Descartes' separation of two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental.


Premise: What became the norm for the mobile bands?

Hypothesis: This regional adaptations would become the norm, with reliance less on hunting and gathering, with a more mixed economy of small game, fish, seasonally wild vegetables and harvested plant foods.


Premise: How do the BBC's non-domestic channels generate revenue?

Hypothesis: The BBC domestic television channels do not broadcast advertisements; they are instead funded by a television licence fee which TV viewers are required to pay annually.


Premise: How many people live in Iran?

Hypothesis: Iran has long been of geostrategic importance because of its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz.


Premise: What 24-hour rapid transit system is outside the United States?

Hypothesis: The Staten Island Railway rapid transit system solely serves Staten Island, operating 24 hours a day.


Premise: Polabian-Pomeranian Slavs are also known to have even settled where?

Hypothesis: Similarly, in Germany, around 20% of the foreign surnames are of Slavic origin.


Premise: What professional services network named London the world's capital of higher education?

Hypothesis: A 2014 PricewaterhouseCoopers report termed London as the global capital of higher education


Premise: ACLs and capability based security are two security models capable of what?

Hypothesis: Within computer systems, two of many security models capable of enforcing privilege separation are access control lists (ACLs) and capability-based security.


Premise: How was the case of two bills mistakenly assented corrected both in 1796 and 2001?

Hypothesis: The Governor-General revoked the first assent, before assenting to the bill which had actually passed.


Premise: Alloparenting is particulary common with what species?

Hypothesis: Such alloparenting is particularly common among the Corvida, which includes such birds as the true crows, Australian magpie and fairy-wrens, but has been observed in species as different as the rifleman and red kite.


Premise: What eventually happened to the rebels?

Hypothesis: The rebels soon split into various factions fighting one another.


Premise: Which basic topographical area is in western Switzerland?

Hypothesis: The largest lake is Lake Geneva, in western Switzerland shared with France.


Premise: Why were the Portugese Africa territories' borders formally established?

Hypothesis: With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa.


Premise: Which Notre Dame alum from the College of Science won a Nobel Prize?

Hypothesis: A notable alumnus of the College of Science is Medicine Nobel Prize winner Eric F. Wieschaus.


Premise: Where are the remains of the 416 unidentified soldiers who died in the Korean War?

Hypothesis: After Operation Glory, 416 Korean War unknown soldiers were buried in the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific (The Punchbowl), on the island of Oahu, Hawaii.


Premise: What are a dog's teeth mainly used for?

Hypothesis: Dogs are predators and scavengers, and like many other predatory mammals, the dog has powerful muscles, fused wrist bones, a cardiovascular system that supports both sprinting and endurance, and teeth for catching and tearing.


Premise: What forms of transport are available in the Congo?

Hypothesis: The country also has a large port on the Atlantic Ocean at Pointe-Noire and others along the Congo River at Brazzaville and Impfondo.


Premise: What religious sect were the proprietors of Perth Amboy?

Hypothesis: The Province of West Jersey had declared, in 1681, that there should be no religious test for office.


Premise: What shape Spirochaetes are?

Hypothesis: More recently, some bacteria were discovered deep under Earth's crust that grow as branching filamentous types with a star-shaped cross-section.


Premise: Who did Beyonce donate the money to earned from her shows?

Hypothesis: Rolling Stone reported that the music industry was urging them to return the money they earned for the concerts; a spokesperson for Beyoncé later confirmed to The Huffington Post that she donated the money to the Clinton Bush Haiti Fund.


Premise: What didn't the king have in Miskito society?

Hypothesis: There was a king, but he did not have total power.


Premise: A few animals without spines that do not have a brain are what?

Hypothesis: Only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain; diffuse or localised nerve nets are present instead.


Premise: What was Bell's discipline?

Hypothesis: Keeping "night owl" hours, he worried that his work would be discovered and took great pains to lock up his notebooks and laboratory equipment.


Premise: What type of nature is common in the highlands of Thuringia?

Hypothesis: In the uplands, a mixture of beech and spruce would be natural.


Premise: In addition to passing an expiration date, what might cause a treaty to self-terminate?

Hypothesis: Other treaties may self-terminate if the treaty is meant to exist only under certain conditions.[citation needed]


Premise: In what year did Napoleon's Franco-Persian alliance end?

Hypothesis: It collapsed in 1807, when France and Russia themselves formed an unexpected alliance.


Premise: What is the second degree of Masonry?

Hypothesis: Some time later, in a separate ceremony, they will be passed to the degree of Fellowcraft, and finally they will be raised to the degree of Master Mason.


Premise: Aside from biofuels what other renewable energy activities is Shell involved with?

Hypothesis: It has minor renewable energy activities in the form of biofuels and wind.


Premise: Where did Dominic and his followers live during early 1220?

Hypothesis: In 1219 Pope Honorius III invited Saint Dominic and his companions to take up residence at the ancient Roman basilica of Santa Sabina, which they did by early 1220.


Premise: Along with Castile and Poland, what country developed a law code in the Later Middle Ages?

Hypothesis: Other countries codified their laws; legal codes were promulgated in Castile, Poland, and Lithuania.


Premise: Who wrote Hasan Mellâh yâhud Sırr İçinde Esrâr?

Hypothesis: Many of the writers in the Tanzimat period wrote in several different genres simultaneously: for instance, the poet Namik Kemal also wrote the important 1876 novel İntibâh ("Awakening"), while the journalist İbrahim Şinasi is noted for writing, in 1860, the first modern Turkish play, the one-act comedy "Şair Evlenmesi" ("The Poet's Marriage").


Premise: What location is proposed for the future home of the Plymouth City Council headquarters?

Hypothesis: There is a project involving the future relocation of Plymouth City Council's headquarters, the civic centre, to the current location of the Bretonside bus station; it would involve both the bus station and civic centre being demolished and a rebuilt together at the location with the land from the civic centre being sold off.


Premise: In which language does the word for "green" also mean "rank" and "smelly"?

Hypothesis: These languages have introduced supplementary vocabulary to denote "green", but these terms are recognizable as recent adoptions that are not in origin color terms (much like the English adjective orange being in origin not a color term but the name of a fruit).


Premise: What must Link solve throughout the game?

Hypothesis: The game features nine dungeons—large, contained areas where Link battles enemies, collects items, and solves puzzles.


Premise: When did Attalus III die?

Hypothesis: The Attalid dynasty of Pergamum lasted little longer; a Roman ally until the end, its final king Attalus III died in 133 BC without an heir, and taking the alliance to its natural conclusion, willed Pergamum to the Roman Republic.


Premise: When was the Auguste Rodine exhibit?

Hypothesis: The museum facility underwent a major expansion which greatly expanded the exhibit space that was completed in 2010.


Premise: How many deputies make up the Assembly of the Republic?

Hypothesis: The Courts are organized into several levels, among the judicial, administrative and fiscal branches.


Premise: At what date did the most recent aftershock above 6 MS occur?

Hypothesis: Between 64 and 104 major aftershocks, ranging in magnitude from 4.0 to 6.1, were recorded within 72 hours of the main quake.


Premise: In terms of whites, what is an argument that is used to try and refute the benefits of affirmative action as it relates to the compensation argument?

Hypothesis: Another popular argument for affirmative action is the compensation argument.


Premise: Who was responsible for the art names "His Entombment"?

Hypothesis: Well known works of Christian art by masters such as Raphael (e.g., the Mond Crucifixion), and Caravaggio (e.g., his Entombment) depict the Virgin Mary as part of the crucifixion scene.


Premise: The British East India Company was dissolved by which act?

Hypothesis: The following year the British government dissolved the Company and assumed direct control over India through the Government of India Act 1858, establishing the British Raj, where an appointed governor-general administered India and Queen Victoria was crowned the Empress of India.


Premise: Who did Nasser appoint as the new head of Egypt's armed forces?

Hypothesis: After Nasser sacked thirty of the loyalists in response, Amer and his allies devised a plan to topple him on 27 August.


Premise: What year was The National Historical Publications and Records Commission established?

Hypothesis: The National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)—the agency's grant-making arm—awards funds to state and local governments, public and private archives, colleges and universities, and other nonprofit organizations to preserve and publish historical records.


Premise: How much land did Morgan Stanley purchase?

Hypothesis: In 2006, Morgan Stanley purchased 20 acres (8.1 ha) directly north of the Showboat Atlantic City Hotel and Casino for a new $2 billion plus casino resort.


Premise: When was the Peace of Westphalia?

Hypothesis: They had viewed themselves as a distinctly separate nation since the Peace of Westphalia of 1648.


Premise: How many alleles do most eukaryotic organisms have for each trait?

Hypothesis: Most eukaryotic organisms (such as the pea plants Mendel worked on) have two alleles for each trait, one inherited from each parent.:20


Premise: Who was president of the Miners' union?

Hypothesis: The Sun, during the Miners' strike of 1984–85, supported the police and the Thatcher government against the striking NUM miners, and in particular the union's president, Arthur Scargill.


Premise: Along with Denmark and Sweden, what country was part of the Union of Kalmar?

Hypothesis: In Scandinavia, Margaret I of Denmark (r. in Denmark 1387–1412) consolidated Norway, Denmark, and Sweden in the Union of Kalmar, which continued until 1523.


Premise: Who is a notable subjective idealist?

Hypothesis: Objective idealists make claims about a transempirical world, but simply deny that this world is essentially divorced from or ontologically prior to the mental.


Premise: What was the nobilities commonwealth?

Hypothesis: Those privileges became the basis of the Golden Liberty in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.


Premise: Maurice Schlesinger and Camille Pleyel were what to Chopin?

Hypothesis: Among modern scholarly editions of Chopin's works are the version under the name of Paderewski published between 1937 and 1966 and the more recent Polish "National Edition", edited by Jan Ekier, both of which contain detailed explanations and discussions regarding choices and sources.


Premise: Which privately owned medical facility opened in 2016?

Hypothesis: The Government of Guam maintains the island's main health care facility, Guam Memorial Hospital, in Tamuning.


Premise: What physical disadvantages do humans have against other apex predators?

Hypothesis: Anatomically modern humans have been apex predators since they first evolved, and many species of carnivorous megafauna actively avoid interacting with humans; the primary environmental competitor for a human is other humans.


Premise: At least how many fatty acids are essential to the human health and have to be consumed rather than produced by the body?

Hypothesis: However, in humans, at least two fatty acids are essential and must be included in the diet.


Premise: What is another solution to the problem of temporal paradoxes?

Hypothesis: This view doesn't simply hold that history is an unchangeable constant, but that any change made by a hypothetical future time traveler would already have happened in his or her past, resulting in the reality that the traveler moves from.


Premise: What nation did Giovanni da Verrazzano serve?

Hypothesis: The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown, who sailed his ship La Dauphine into New York Harbor.


Premise: When did North American Masonic lodges recognize members of the Prince Hall Lodge?

Hypothesis: By the 1980s, such discrimination was a thing of the past, and today most U.S. Grand Lodges recognise their Prince Hall counterparts, and the authorities of both traditions are working towards full recognition.


Premise: What was Apple's highest quarterly profit as of Q1 2008?

Hypothesis: Apple posted record revenue of US$9.6 billion and record net quarterly profit of US$1.58 billion.


Premise: What gives regulations imposed by federal agencies the right to enforce their regulations?

Hypothesis: Under the principle of Chevron deference, regulations normally carry the force of law as long as they are based on a reasonable interpretation of the relevant statutes.


Premise: Which cardinal acted a the leader of France due to his amount of power?

Hypothesis: Cardinal Richelieu's power was so great that he was for many years effectively the ruler of France.


Premise: How tall was Napoleon, in feet and inches?

Hypothesis: He could rapidly dictate a series of complex commands to his subordinates, keeping in mind where major units were expected to be at each future point, and like a chess master, "seeing" the best plays moves ahead.


Premise: By the 1720s. how many cafes were in Paris?

Hypothesis: These bruits were allegedly a much better source of information than were the actual newspapers available at the time.


Premise: What was the longest-lived Macintosh in Apple's history while it was in production?

Hypothesis: In September 1986, Apple introduced the Macintosh Programmer's Workshop, or MPW, an application that allowed software developers to create software for Macintosh on Macintosh, rather than cross compiling from a Lisa.


Premise: What is that determination based on?

Hypothesis: Various interpretations of the term may include some or all of these regions.


Premise: What is Sauerkraut typically served with in Alsace?

Hypothesis: Traditionally it is served with Strasbourg sausage or frankfurters, bacon, smoked pork or smoked Morteau or Montbéliard sausages, or a selection of other pork products.


Premise: What would anthropology use to differentiate man from the animals nearest him?

Hypothesis: Following Broca's lead, Waitz points out that anthropology is a new field, which would gather material from other fields, but would differ from them in the use of comparative anatomy, physiology, and psychology to differentiate man from "the animals nearest to him".


Premise: What road crossed Valencia's island in Roman times?

Hypothesis: This was a typical Roman city in its conception, as it was located in a strategic location near the sea on a river island crossed by the Via Augusta, the imperial road that connected the province to Rome, the capital of the empire.


Premise: What does each codon correspond to?

Hypothesis: Sets of three nucleotides, known as codons, each correspond to a specific amino acid.:6


Premise: Was illiteracy a factor in changing the minds of parents of child labourers?

Hypothesis: With such a high percentage of children working, the rising of illiteracy, and the lack of a formal education became a widespread issue for many children who worked to provide for their families.


Premise: Where does its name come from?

Hypothesis: The area now called Galicia was first inhabited by humans during the Middle Paleolithic period, and it takes its name from the Gallaeci, the Celtic peoples living north of the Douro river during the last millennium BC, in a region largely coincidental with that of the Iron Age local Castro culture.


Premise: What is the phenomenon that shows that the French have less heart disease, even though they eat more animal fat?

Hypothesis: This phenomenon has been termed the French paradox, and is thought to occur from protective benefits of regularly consuming red wine.


Premise: Who was Gaddafi's father's father?

Hypothesis: According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911.


Premise: How many floors does the Planalto have?

Hypothesis: The Palace is four stories high, and has an area of 36,000 m2.


Premise: Who was the Oklahoma Cities  first female mayor?

Hypothesis: Patience Latting was elected Mayor of Oklahoma City in 1971, becoming the city's first female mayor.


Premise: What science did Shen Kua observe?

Hypothesis: Chinese polymath Shen Kua (1031–1095) first formulated hypotheses for the process of land formation.


Premise: Where are the most threatened ecosystems found?

Hypothesis: A 2007 study conducted by the National Science Foundation found that biodiversity and genetic diversity are codependent—that diversity among species requires diversity within a species, and vice versa.


Premise: How many aircraft did Britain produce in 1940?

Hypothesis: The British produced 10,000 aircraft in 1940, in comparison to Germany's 8,000.


Premise: What was the name of DeCarlo's main character in his humorous teen series?

Hypothesis: Atlas also published a plethora of children's and teen humor titles, including Dan DeCarlo's Homer the Happy Ghost (à la Casper the Friendly Ghost) and Homer Hooper (à la Archie Andrews).


Premise: On what day were beer houses closed?

Hypothesis: The permission did not extend to the sale of spirits and fortified wines, and any beer house discovered selling those items was closed down and the owner heavily fined.


Premise: What was Phil Skinner's birth name?

Hypothesis: He was born Harry Skinner in Sydney in 1903 and started learning music at age 10 when his uncle tutored him on the banjo.


Premise: What did the pope suffer on 25 May 1963?

Hypothesis: On 25 May 1963, the pope suffered another haemorrhage and required several blood transfusions, but the cancer had perforated the stomach wall and peritonitis soon set in.


Premise: What do the Protestants call him?

Hypothesis: Nonetheless, within a few years of his death, Gregory of Nazianzus called him the "Pillar of the Church".


Premise: How many stations are there in total in the Nanjing metro system?

Hypothesis: The bus network, which is currently run by three companies since 2011, provides more than 370 routes covering all parts of the city and suburban areas.


Premise: How big is the jumbotron going to be?

Hypothesis: In previously years mostly all efforts to conduct any large-scale renovations to the field had been opposed by the city, former mayor Richard M. Daley (a staunch White Sox fan), and especially the rooftop owners.


Premise: What can be said about the accuracy of presentational immediacy?

Hypothesis: In other words, it is pure appearance, which may or may not be delusive (e.g. mistaking an image in a mirror for "the real thing").


Premise: What steet did Chopin stay on in London?

Hypothesis: At his first engagement, on 15 May at Stafford House, the audience included Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.


Premise: Which animal was shown to have a negative effect on learning behavior due to nutritional deficiencies back in 1951?

Hypothesis: Better nutrition has been shown to have an impact on both cognitive and spatial memory performance; a study showed those with higher blood sugar levels performed better on certain memory tests.


Premise: What year did the International Astronomical Union define the word planet?

Hypothesis: In 2006, the International Astronomical Union defined the word "planet" for the first time, reclassifying Pluto as a "dwarf planet" and making Neptune once again the outermost known planet in the Solar System.


Premise: During what two decades were the Parliament House, Treasury Building, Victoria Barracks, State Library, and General Post Office commenced?

Hypothesis: The 1850s and 1860s saw the commencement of Parliament House, the Treasury Building, the Old Melbourne Gaol, Victoria Barracks, the State Library, University, General Post Office, Customs House, the Melbourne Town Hall, St Patrick's cathedral, though many remained uncompleted for decades, with some still not finished.


Premise: What rate per minute did ground transmitters send?

Hypothesis: so the target was directly below when the bomb release occurred.


Premise: When did Buddhism apread from India to Tibet?

Hypothesis: In the 2nd century CE, Mahayana Sutras spread to China, and then to Korea and Japan, and were translated into Chinese.


Premise: What had already been there to be seen?

Hypothesis: It was, however, already there to be seen.


Premise: Mainstream artists from what decade generally did not have success on the adult contemporary charts?

Hypothesis: Unlike the majority of 1980s mainstream singers, the 1990s mainstream pop/R&B singers such as All-4-One, Boyz II Men, Rob Thomas, Christina Aguilera, Backstreet Boys and Savage Garden generally crossed over to the AC charts.


Premise: Does Burma have more than one religion ?

Hypothesis: The Christian and Muslim populations do, however, face religious persecution and it is hard, if not impossible, for non-Buddhists to join the army or get government jobs, the main route to success in the country.


Premise: What four areas have not been established as CDPs by the Census Bureau?

Hypothesis: Approximately three-quarters of that figure were people who live in urban and suburban neighborhoods on the outskirts of the city limits of Ketchikan, Kodiak, Palmer and Wasilla.


Premise: In Buddhism, what must be developed at all times?

Hypothesis: A yogi in the Brahmanical tradition is not to practice while defecating, for example, while a Buddhist monastic should do so.


Premise: What was the last British colony remaining in Africa?

Hypothesis: Britain's remaining colonies in Africa, except for self-governing Southern Rhodesia, were all granted independence by 1968.


Premise: How may aircraft carriers be classified?

Hypothesis: Aircraft carriers may be classified according to the type of aircraft they carry and their operational assignments.


Premise: Who built the western towers of the abbey?

Hypothesis: The abbey's two western towers were built between 1722 and 1745 by Nicholas Hawksmoor, constructed from Portland stone to an early example of a Gothic Revival design.


Premise: When did Napoleon III visit London?

Hypothesis: Napoleon III, since the Crimean War Britain's closest ally, visited London in April 1855, and from 17 to 28 August the same year Victoria and Albert returned the visit.


Premise: What was the primary function of the Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Company?

Hypothesis: A British company was formed, called the Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Company, based in London, to direct the transport and storage of the products.


Premise: What was Challis looking for when he saw Neptune the first two times?

Hypothesis: Challis later realised that he had observed the planet twice, on 4 and 12 August, but did not recognise it as a planet because he lacked an up-to-date star map and was distracted by his concurrent work on comet observations.


Premise: Until 1933 how many configurations in the German states occurred?

Hypothesis: Any later plans to break up the dominating Prussia into smaller states failed because political circumstances were not favorable to state reforms.


Premise: Who depended on the U.S. consumer as a source of global demand?

Hypothesis: "The US economy has been spending too much and borrowing too much for years and the rest of the world depended on the U.S. consumer as a source of global demand."


Premise: In what year did Sony pull out of the Greek market?

Hypothesis: In July 2013, Sony Music withdrew from the Greek market due to an economic crisis.


Premise: When did the Former Han period begin?

Hypothesis: This interregnum separates the Han dynasty into two periods: the Western Han or Former Han (206 BC – 9 AD) and the Eastern Han or Later Han (25–220 AD).


Premise: Besides the language of Kannada, what other old language was used during the western Chalukya dynasty?

Hypothesis: This was an important period in the development of fine arts in Southern India, especially in literature as the Western Chalukya kings encouraged writers in the native language of Kannada, and Sanskrit like the philosopher and statesman Basava and the great mathematician Bhāskara II.


Premise: When did Montini finally become a cardinal?

Hypothesis: When the pope raised Montini to the cardinalate on 15 December 1958, he became Cardinal-Priest of Ss.


Premise: Where is the island of Guan located?

Hypothesis: It is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands, and the largest island in Micronesia.


Premise: Who wrote Kitab al-Tasrif?

Hypothesis: Muslim physicians contributed to the field of medicine, including the subjects of anatomy and physiology: such as in the 15th century Persian work by Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas entitled Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body) which contained comprehensive diagrams of the body's structural, nervous and circulatory systems; or in the work of the Egyptian physician Ibn al-Nafis, who proposed the theory of pulmonary circulation.


Premise: Where does the General Council want to promote Catalan?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, on 10 December 2007, the General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales officially recognized Catalan as one of the languages of the department and seeks to further promote it in public life and education.


Premise: Which Warner Bros. cartoons did Spielberg produce?

Hypothesis: Spielberg also produced the Don Bluth animated features, An American Tail and The Land Before Time, which were released by Universal Studios.


Premise: How was the earliest clothing kept on the body?

Hypothesis: According to archaeologists and anthropologists, the earliest clothing likely consisted of fur, leather, leaves, or grass that were draped, wrapped, or tied around the body.


Premise: What can one high-power LED replace?

Hypothesis: If the heat from a HP-LED is not removed, the device will fail in seconds.


Premise: On which side of the war were the Chinese?

Hypothesis: The major Allied participants were the United States, the Republic of China, the United Kingdom (including the armed forces of British India, the Fiji Islands, Samoa, etc.), Australia, the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the Netherlands (as the possessor of the Dutch East Indies and the western part of New Guinea), New Zealand, and Canada, all of whom were members of the Pacific War Council.


Premise: Could the London market support the large numbers of writers that were emerging?

Hypothesis: This led to the creation of an oppositional literary sphere, Grub Street, the domain of a "multitude of versifiers and would-be authors".


Premise: What is the color of U4+?

Hypothesis: A few solid and semi-metallic compounds such as UO and US exist for the formal oxidation state uranium(II), but no simple ions are known to exist in solution for that state.


Premise: What is the range for the length for international matches in meters?

Hypothesis: The length of the pitch for international adult matches is in the range of 100–110 m (110–120 yd) and the width is in the range of 64–75 m (70–80 yd).


Premise: Who wrote a letter protesting the condemnation of Martin Luther?

Hypothesis: Protestantism is a form of Christian faith and practice which originated with the Protestant Reformation,[a] a movement against what its followers considered to be errors in the Roman Catholic Church.


Premise: How many parts comprise the body of an insect?

Hypothesis: They are the most diverse group of animals on the planet, including more than a million described species and representing more than half of all known living organisms.


Premise: What was held at the abbey on 6 September 1997?

Hypothesis: On 6 September 1997 the funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, was held at the Abbey.


Premise: What kind of impression has been uncovered by a University?

Hypothesis: The higher-level phylogeny of the arthropods continues to be a matter of debate and research.


Premise: What percentage of voters rejected the separation of church and state in 1980?

Hypothesis: A 1980 initiative calling for the complete separation of church and state was rejected by 78.9% of the voters.


Premise: What was the main purpose of education in this period?

Hypothesis: Education remained mostly focused on the training of future clergy.


Premise: When was Shiba Yoshimasa born?

Hypothesis: Feudal lords such as Shiba Yoshimasa (1350–1410 AD) stated that a warrior looked forward to a glorious death in the service of a military leader or the Emperor: "It is a matter of regret to let the moment when one should die pass by....


Premise: What type of bottle conditioned beer is customarily poured with the yeast in it?

Hypothesis: However, some drinkers prefer to pour in the yeast; this practice is customary with wheat beers.


Premise: What kind of aircraft is the USAF's KC-135?

Hypothesis: The USAF's KC-135 and KC-10 aerial refueling aircraft are based on civilian jets.


Premise: What sort of issues were Zenlenyi Svit and Noosfera concerned with?

Hypothesis: On November 13, 1988, approximately 10,000 people attended an officially sanctioned meeting organized by the cultural heritage organization Spadschyna, the Kyiv University student club Hromada, and the environmental groups Zelenyi Svit ("Green World") and Noosfera, to focus on ecological issues.


Premise: What percentage of the South Tuscon Population is Mexican-American?

Hypothesis: South Tucson is actually the name of an independent, incorporated town of 1 sq mi (2.6 km2), completely surrounded by the city of Tucson, sitting just south of downtown.


Premise: What did the query starter believe had been done by Mary's direct  maternal line that contradict the conception theory of immaculate for Mary ?

Hypothesis: In doing so, he takes occasion to repudiate altogether the view that the conception of Mary was sinless.


Premise: When did Buddhism arrive in Zhejiang?

Hypothesis: Buddhism has an important presence since its arrival in Zhejiang 1,800 years ago.


Premise: How species of creatures inhabit the Tuvalu lagoon?

Hypothesis: Funafuti is the largest atoll of the nine low reef islands and atolls that form the Tuvalu volcanic island chain.


Premise: By which name is the country called by most English speaking countries?

Hypothesis: Burma continues to be used in English by the governments of many countries, such as Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom.


Premise: In what year was the musical Broadway produced?

Hypothesis: The more serious All Quiet on the Western Front (1930), won its year's Best Picture Oscar.


Premise: What is the name of the scholarship is funded by Yale?

Hypothesis: There are more than 60 cities in the country that have a Promise-type program for their students.


Premise: What are the three most used Anatolian and central asian instruments in Ottoman Classical music?

Hypothesis: The instruments used are a mixture of Anatolian and Central Asian instruments (the saz, the bağlama, the kemence), other Middle Eastern instruments (the ud, the tanbur, the kanun, the ney), and—later in the tradition—Western instruments (the violin and the piano).


Premise: Who erased the border in the ad?

Hypothesis: Within days, however, the PCs responded with an ad which featured the border being drawn back on with a permanent marker, as an announcer intoned "Here's where we draw the line."


Premise: When will Argo be launched?

Hypothesis: Another, more recent proposal was for Argo, a flyby spacecraft to be launched in 2019, that would visit Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and a Kuiper belt object.


Premise: Why were the people in Saint Peter's Square chanting and yelling?

Hypothesis: On that same night following the conclusion of the first session, the people in Saint Peter's Square chanted and yelled with the sole objective of getting John XXIII to appear at the window to address them.


Premise: What did MarketWatch think was the fourth best city for business?

Hypothesis: The Greater Richmond area was named the third-best city for business by MarketWatch in September 2007, ranking behind only the Minneapolis and Denver areas and just above Boston.


Premise: What is Oklahoma's 2nd-largest city?

Hypothesis: Spanning the southern and eastern parts of the United States, the area is known for politically and socially conservative views, even though Oklahoma has more voters registered with the Democratic Party than with any other party.


Premise: Up to what wavelength does the human eye perceive certain intense lights as being dull red in color?

Hypothesis: Sources providing wavelengths as long as 1050 nm can be seen as a dull red glow in intense sources, causing some difficulty in near-IR illumination of scenes in the dark (usually this practical problem is solved by indirect illumination).


Premise: What is Stefan Schmid's profession?

Hypothesis: Flysch deposits in the Southern Alps of Lombardy probably occurred in the Cretaceous or later.


Premise: Evidence suggests that many Early mahayana scriptures originated in what part of India?

Hypothesis: Akira Hirakawa notes the "evidence suggests that many Early Mahayana scriptures originated in South India."


Premise: What do Astrophysicists use to describe outer space beyond the karman line?

Hypothesis: Astrophysicists prefer to use number density to describe these environments, in units of particles per cubic centimetre.


Premise: Which Basin did the Han lose authority of?

Hypothesis: During the turbulent reign of Wang Mang, Han lost control over the Tarim Basin, which was conquered by the Northern Xiongnu in AD 63 and used as a base to invade Han's Hexi Corridor in Gansu.


Premise: What is the name of the largest military base in the nation?

Hypothesis: Oklahoma City is served by two primary airports, Will Rogers World Airport and the much smaller Wiley Post Airport (incidentally, the two honorees died in the same plane crash in Alaska)


Premise: What years were the worst mortgage loans originated?

Hypothesis: During a period of tough competition between mortgage lenders for revenue and market share, and when the supply of creditworthy borrowers was limited, mortgage lenders relaxed underwriting standards and originated riskier mortgages to less creditworthy borrowers.


Premise: Who directed Spectre?

Hypothesis: It was directed by Sam Mendes as his second James Bond film following Skyfall, and was written by John Logan, Neal Purvis, Robert Wade and Jez Butterworth.


Premise: What did the Republic of Letters support?

Hypothesis: The Republic of Letters was the sum of a number of Enlightenment ideals: an egalitarian realm governed by knowledge that could act across political boundaries and rival state power.


Premise: What is AtDNA generally only used to measure?

Hypothesis: AtDNA is generally used to measure the average continent-of-ancestry genetic admixture in the entire human genome and related isolated populations.


Premise: Discussing contraception sometimes led to prosecution under what laws?

Hypothesis: The availability of a convenient form of temporary contraceptive led to dramatic changes in social mores including expanding the range of lifestyle options available to women, reducing the reliance of women on men for contraceptive practice, encouraging the delay of marriage, and increasing pre-marital co-habitation.


Premise: To what did Joseph Bédier attribute the prevalence of the stemmatic method?

Hypothesis: He concluded that this outcome was unlikely to have occurred by chance, and that therefore, the method was tending to produce bipartite stemmas regardless of the actual history of the witnesses.


Premise: What organization was founded in July of 2002?

Hypothesis: In June 2005, Libya joined the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), and in August 2008 Gaddafi was proclaimed "King of Kings" by an assembled committee of traditional African leaders.


Premise: What percentage of exports are exported services?

Hypothesis: Switzerland's most important economic sector is manufacturing.


Premise: What was the less expensive version of the Macintosh SE that was offered until 2001?

Hypothesis: All three machines sold well, although Apple's profit margin on them was considerably lower than that on earlier models.


Premise: When did Qing troops regain Nanjing?

Hypothesis: Since the Taiping Rebellion began, Qing forces allowed no rebels speaking its dialect to surrender.


Premise: What law regulates drug marketing in the US?

Hypothesis: Pharmaceutical companies generally employ sales people (often called 'drug reps' or, an older term, 'detail men') to market directly and personally to physicians and other healthcare providers.


Premise: When did Britain sign the Washington Naval Treaty?

Hypothesis: Forced to choose between alignment with the United States or Japan, Britain opted not to renew its Japanese alliance and instead signed the 1922 Washington Naval Treaty, where Britain accepted naval parity with the United States.


Premise: How did the first Gulf War end?

Hypothesis: Following the ceasefire agreement that suspended hostilities (but not officially ended) in the 1991 Gulf War, the United States and its allies instituted and began patrolling Iraqi no-fly zones, to protect Iraq's Kurdish and Shi'a Arab population—both of which suffered attacks from the Hussein regime before and after the Gulf War—in Iraq's northern and southern regions, respectively.


Premise: Who won the 2011 election?

Hypothesis: Goodluck Jonathan served as Nigeria's president till 16 April 2011, when a new presidential election in Nigeria was conducted.


Premise: What well known presidential candidates also studied at Yale?

Hypothesis: Other Yale alumni who made serious bids for the Presidency during this period include Hillary Clinton (2008), Howard Dean (2004), Gary Hart (1984 and 1988), Paul Tsongas (1992), Pat Robertson (1988) and Jerry Brown (1976, 1980, 1992).


Premise: When did Pietro Gasparri summon him to the Vatican?

Hypothesis: In February 1925, the Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Gasparri summoned him to the Vatican and informed him of Pope Pius XI's decision to appoint him as the Apostolic Visitor to Bulgaria (1925–35).


Premise: Octaves in linear pitch are what size?

Hypothesis: The system is flexible enough to include "microtones" not found on standard piano keyboards.


Premise: What did the poles of the 17th century think the term szlachta came from?

Hypothesis: Poles of the 17th century assumed that "szlachta" came from the German "schlachten" ("to slaughter" or "to butcher"); also suggestive is the German "Schlacht" ("battle").


Premise: How is the complex capacitance mathematically represented with the dielectric present?

Hypothesis: where a single prime denotes the real part and a double prime the imaginary part, Z(ω) is the complex impedance with the dielectric present, Ccmplx(ω) is the so-called complex capacitance with the dielectric present, and C0 is the capacitance without the dielectric.


Premise: In what state did the president of HHC previously work?

Hypothesis: The president of HHC is Ramanathan Raju, MD, a surgeon and former CEO of the Cook County health system in Illinois.


Premise: Who is in charge of the day to day operation of the CIA?

Hypothesis: The Executive Director is in charge of the day to day operation of the CIA, and each branch of the service has its own Director.


Premise: Who manufactured "Elixir Sulfanilamide"?

Hypothesis: In 1937 over 100 people died after ingesting "Elixir Sulfanilamide" manufactured by S.E. Massengill Company of Tennessee.


Premise: What is the second wave of neoclassicism in France called?

Hypothesis: In France, the first phase of neoclassicism was expressed in the "Louis XVI style", and the second in the styles called "Directoire" or Empire.


Premise: What two things declined during the attacks in Britain?

Hypothesis: The number of suicides and drunkenness declined, and London recorded only about two cases of "bomb neuroses" per week in the first three months of bombing.


Premise: What weekly entertainment print news source for New Haven is backed by The Register?

Hypothesis: New Haven is served by the daily New Haven Register, the weekly "alternative" New Haven Advocate (which is run by Tribune, the corporation owning the Hartford Courant), the online daily New Haven Independent, and the monthly Grand News Community Newspaper.


Premise: What is an opt-in class action?

Hypothesis: Another unique feature is the so-called American Rule under which parties generally bear their own attorneys' fees (as opposed to the English Rule of "loser pays"), though American legislators and courts have carved out numerous exceptions.


Premise: What type of business is Dominion Resources?

Hypothesis: The Greater Richmond area was named the third-best city for business by MarketWatch in September 2007, ranking behind only the Minneapolis and Denver areas and just above Boston.


Premise: Which ceramic glazing was developed by those potters which were Islamic?

Hypothesis: Between the 8th and 18th centuries, the use of glazed ceramics was prevalent in Islamic art, usually assuming the form of elaborate pottery.


Premise: Anglo can refer to non-Hispanic European Americans who speak English but are not necessarily what?

Hypothesis: However, there is a common misconception in the US that Hispanic/Latino is a race or sometimes even that national origins such as Mexican, Cuban, Colombian, Salvadoran, etc.


Premise: In what city is the George Inn located?

Hypothesis: The National Trust owns thirty-six public houses of historic interest including the George Inn, Southwark, London and The Crown Liquor Saloon, Belfast, Northern Ireland.


Premise: How often does moulting occur in most species?

Hypothesis: Moulting is annual in most species, although some may have two moults a year, and large birds of prey may moult only once every few years.


Premise: Where do the officially published membership statistics come from?

Hypothesis: The official published membership statistics, such as those mentioned above, include only those who submit reports for their personal ministry; official statistics do not include inactive and disfellowshipped individuals or others who might attend their meetings.


Premise: What did Beatrice do with her mother's journals?

Hypothesis: Beatrice transcribed and edited the diaries covering Victoria's accession onwards, and burned the originals in the process.


Premise: When did Hu Yaobang visit Tibet?

Hypothesis: Human rights organisations have been critical of the Beijing and Lhasa governments' approach to human rights in the region when cracking down on separatist convulsions that have occurred around monasteries and cities, most recently in the 2008 Tibetan unrest.


Premise: When was 4 released?

Hypothesis: "Run the World (Girls)" and "Best Thing I Never Had", which both attained moderate success.


Premise: In 1933 the four companies owned by CTR had how many employees?

Hypothesis: The four companies had 1,300 employees and offices and plants in Endicott and Binghamton, New York; Dayton, Ohio; Detroit, Michigan; Washington, D.C.; and Toronto.


Premise: When was the British Museum in Bloomsbury founded?

Hypothesis: The first of these to be established was the British Museum in Bloomsbury, in 1753.


Premise: What title did Thomas Blantz have at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: In American college education," explained the Rev. Charles E. Sheedy, C.S.C., Notre Dame's Dean of Arts and Letters, "certain features formerly considered advantageous and enviable are now seen as anachronistic and out of place....


Premise: At its founding. what was the official language of the Republic of China?

Hypothesis: With the founding of the Republic of China, Standard Mandarin was designated as the official language, based on the spoken language of Beijing.


Premise: Who is the three headed watchdog guarding Hades?

Hypothesis: In Persian mythology, two four-eyed dogs guard the Chinvat Bridge.


Premise: Which steps most closely resembles copy-text editing?

Hypothesis: If it seems that one manuscript is by far the best text, then copy text editing is appropriate, and if it seems that a group of manuscripts are good, then eclecticism on that group would be proper.


Premise: Along with German immigrants, immigrants of what nationality supported Tammany Hall?

Hypothesis: Local politics became dominated by Tammany Hall, a political machine supported by Irish and German immigrants.


Premise: Who forced peasant farmers to move to new settlements?

Hypothesis: On occasion, the court forcibly moved peasant farmers to new frontier settlements, along with government-owned slaves and convicts who performed hard labor.


Premise: What is used for protection in the ring?

Hypothesis: Wrestlers are generally expected to stay within the confines of the ring, though matches sometimes end up outside the ring, and even in the audience, to add excitement.


Premise: What has reached 5,000-cycle lifetimes?

Hypothesis: (Improved mini-B connectors have reached 5,000-cycle lifetimes.)


Premise: When was Marvel founded?

Hypothesis: Martin Goodman founded the company later known as Marvel Comics under the name Timely Publications in 1939.


Premise: What made acquiring targets and aiming more required?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, a pattern had been set: anti-aircraft weapons would be based around heavy weapons attacking high-altitude targets and lighter weapons for use when they came to lower altitudes.


Premise: what group released "Big Fun" and "Good Life" in 1988?

Hypothesis: In 1988, as house music became more popular among general audiences, Kevin Saunderson's group Inner City with Paris Gray released the 1988 hits "Big Fun" and "Good Life", which eventually were picked up by Virgin Records.


Premise: What was the PLDA formerly known as?

Hypothesis: They publish a monthly newsletter and organise different events throughout the world.


Hypothesis: In Greek mythology, Cerberus is a three-headed watchdog who guards the gates of Hades.


Premise: In what year did Fidel Castro take over Cuba?

Hypothesis: After Fidel Castro rose to power in Cuba in 1959, many wealthy Cubans sought refuge in Miami, further increasing the population.


Premise: When it comes to plans and outcomes, what do development anthropologists look at between them?

Hypothesis: Why are those working in development so willing to disregard history and the lessons it might offer?


Premise: Who created Graphite?

Hypothesis: The rules governing ligature formation can be quite complex, requiring special script-shaping technologies such as ACE (Arabic Calligraphic Engine by DecoType in the 1980s and used to generate all the Arabic examples in the printed editions of the Unicode Standard), which became the proof of concept for OpenType (by Adobe and Microsoft), Graphite (by SIL International), or AAT (by Apple).


Premise: When did Bertrand Russell die?

Hypothesis: This gave rise to what they saw as metaphysical pseudoproblems and other conceptual confusions.


Premise: Who exercises the authority on behalf of the queen in Saint Helena?

Hypothesis: Executive authority in Saint Helena is vested in Queen Elizabeth II and is exercised on her behalf by the Governor of Saint Helena.


Premise: How many members does the Governing Body consist of?

Hypothesis: The organization is led by the Governing Body—an all-male group that varies in size, but since early 2014 has comprised seven members,[note 1] all of whom profess to be of the "anointed" class with a hope of heavenly life—based in the Watch Tower Society's Brooklyn headquarters.


Premise: Southampton's history of administrative independence dates back to the reign of which king?

Hypothesis: Southampton as a Port and city has had a long history of administrative independence of the surrounding County; as far back as the reign of King John the town and its port were removed from the writ of the King's Sheriff in Hampshire and the rights of custom and toll were granted by the King to the burgesses of Southampton over the port of Southampton and the Port of Portsmouth; this tax farm was granted for an annual fee of £200 in the charter dated at Orival on 29 June 1199.


Premise: Who wrote The Crucifixion of Jesus?

Hypothesis: Zugibe carried out a number of experiments over several years to test his theories while he was a medical examiner.


Premise: On what tour did Kanye perform "Hey Mama" and his version of Journey's "Don't Stop Believing" in memory of his mother?

Hypothesis: He dedicated a performance of "Hey Mama", as well as a cover of Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'", to his mother, and did so on all other dates of his Glow in the Dark tour.


Premise: Who starred in the TV show segment "Eyes"

Hypothesis: The segment, "Eyes," starred Joan Crawford; she and Spielberg were reportedly close friends until her death.


Premise: What costs will solar energy lower?

Hypothesis: In 2011, the International Energy Agency said that "the development of affordable, inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer-term benefits.


Premise: What is the most economic solution for new grid-connected capacity in areas with good resources?

Hypothesis: Renewable energy is also the most economic solution for new grid-connected capacity in areas with good resources.


Premise: Who had been a key player in the 1945 season?

Hypothesis: Longtime infielder/manager Phil Cavarretta, who had been a key player during the '45 season, was fired during spring training in 1954 after admitting the team was unlikely to finish above fifth place.


Premise: What system did the government recommend the usage of?

Hypothesis: Once experiments with this system yielded successful results, the government officially sponsored it and encouraged peasants to use it.


Premise: The episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno where Schwarzenegger announced his candidacy for Governor aired on what date?

Hypothesis: Schwarzenegger announced his candidacy in the 2003 California recall election for Governor of California on the August 6, 2003 episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.


Premise: Who did Barcelona beat to win the 2015 UEFA Super Cup?

Hypothesis: On 11 August, Barcelona started the 2015–16 season winning a joint record fifth European Super Cup by beating Sevilla FC 5–4 in the 2015 UEFA Super Cup.


Premise: It has been known to snow even in what Southern city?

Hypothesis: The mountainous areas of Northwestern Greece (parts of Epirus, Central Greece, Thessaly, Western Macedonia) as well as in the mountainous central parts of Peloponnese – including parts of the regional units of Achaea, Arcadia and Laconia – feature an Alpine climate with heavy snowfalls.


Premise: How many materials are housed in the RIBA library?

Hypothesis: Now, with over four million items, it is one of the three largest architectural libraries in the world and the largest in Europe.


Premise: What year was Kanye born?

Hypothesis: He is among the most acclaimed musicians of the 21st century, attracting both praise and controversy for his work and his outspoken public persona.


Premise: What did the Tibetans use against Ming forays?

Hypothesis: At times the Tibetans also used armed resistance against Ming forays.


Premise: What did most Prussians fall under?

Hypothesis: While most of the Prussians fell under the French Chassepot rifles, most French fell under the Prussian Krupp shells.


Premise: When did this event occur ?

Hypothesis: The ethnogenesis of the Greek nation is linked to the development of Pan-Hellenism in the 8th century BC.


Premise: Which generation of iPod Classic was the first to abandon use of FireWire in transferring files?

Hypothesis: As of the second-generation iPod Touch and the fourth-generation iPod Nano, FireWire charging ability has been removed.


Premise: Which tablet had Pythagorean triplets on it?

Hypothesis: A concrete instance of Pythagoras' law was recorded, as early as the 18th century BC: the Mesopotamian cuneiform tablet Plimpton 322 records a number of Pythagorean triplets (3,4,5) (5,12,13). ..., dated 1900 BC, possibly millennia before Pythagoras,  but


Premise: What is the difference between robbery and piracy?

Hypothesis: However, copyright is a type of intellectual property, an area of law distinct from that which covers robbery or theft, offenses related only to tangible property.


Premise: Who said the Reflections were "the manifesto of a Counter Revolution"?

Hypothesis: Thomas Paine penned the Rights of Man in 1791 as a response to Burke; Mary Wollstonecraft published A Vindication of the Rights of Men and James Mackintosh wrote Vindiciae Gallicae.


Premise: How much of yearly acquired asphalt is reclaimed?

Hypothesis: With some 95% of paved roads being constructed of or surfaced with asphalt, a substantial amount of asphalt pavement material is reclaimed each year.


Premise: Since Apollo was known as god of the sun, what was another name for Apollo?

Hypothesis: The meaning of the epithet "Lyceus" later became associated with Apollo's mother Leto, who was the patron goddess of Lycia (Λυκία) and who was identified with the wolf (λύκος), earning him the epithets Lycegenes (/laɪˈsɛdʒəniːz/ ly-SEJ-ə-neez; Λυκηγενής, Lukēgenēs, literally "born of a wolf" or "born of Lycia") and Lycoctonus (/laɪˈkɒktənəs/ ly-KOK-tə-nəs; Λυκοκτόνος, Lykoktonos, from λύκος, "wolf", and κτείνειν, "to kill").


Premise: Who did Sonam Gyatso send gifts to?

Hypothesis: Before he left, he sent a letter and gifts to the Ming Chinese official Zhang Juzheng (1525–1582), which arrived on March 12, 1579.


Premise: Who did the Republicans want to block with an Eisenhower candidacy in 1952?

Hypothesis: A "Draft Eisenhower" movement in the Republican Party persuaded him to declare his candidacy in the 1952 presidential election to counter the candidacy of non-interventionist Senator Robert A. Taft.


Premise: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction is common in what profession?

Hypothesis: Exercise can trigger bronchoconstriction both in people with or without asthma.


Premise: What website rated the Super Slim four out of five stars?

Hypothesis: Tech media website CNET gave new Super Slim 4 out of 5 stars ("Excellent"), saying "The Super Slim PlayStation 3 shrinks a powerful gaming machine into an even tinier package while maintaining the same features as its predecessors: a great gaming library and a strong array of streaming services [...]", whilst also criticising the "cheap" design and disc-loader, stating: "Sometimes [the cover] doesn't catch and you feel like you're using one of those old credit card imprinter machines.


Premise: When was the Casas Adobes Plaza built?

Hypothesis: The Foothills Mall is also located on the northwest side in Casas Adobes.


Premise: What benefits would Norfolk Island residents receive as a result of the new council?

Hypothesis: It meant that residents would have to start paying Australian income tax, but they would also be covered by Australian welfare schemes such as Centrelink and Medicare.


Premise: Where did the Hurricanes play their first two seasons?

Hypothesis: The city played host to the 2011 NHL All-Star Game.


Premise: What is the northern edge of Tucson's downtown?

Hypothesis: Some authorities include the 4th Avenue shopping district, which is set just northeast of the rest of downtown and connected by an underpass beneath the UPRR tracks.


Premise: What ailment did Harper Lee's mother suffer from?

Hypothesis: Lee had lost her mother, who suffered from mental illness, six years before she met Hohoff at Lippincott’s offices.


Premise: What is London's average high temperature in July?

Hypothesis: London's average July high is 24 °C (75.2 °F).


Premise: List the two names of Gaddafi's coup.

Hypothesis: Gaddafi insisted that the Free Officers' coup represented a revolution, marking the start of widespread change in the socio-economic and political nature of Libya.


Premise: When did the Iran-Iraq War finally end?

Hypothesis: On September 22, 1980, the Iraqi army invaded the Iranian Khuzestan, and the Iran–Iraq War began.


Premise: What items were found on the Korean farm site?

Hypothesis: No remains of an agricultural field from the Neolithic period have been found in any East Asian country before, the institute said, adding that the discovery reveals that the history of agricultural cultivation at least began during the period on the Korean Peninsula".


Premise: What was the URL owned by Suzanne Shell?

Hypothesis: Shell responded and brought a countersuit against Internet Archive for archiving her site, which she alleges is in violation of her terms of service.


Premise: How can obstruction be employed?

Hypothesis: A look at one minority leadership strategy—partisan opposition—may suggest why it might be employed in specific circumstances.


Premise: Does the Bible or Plato's Republic have more witnesses?

Hypothesis: There are far fewer witnesses to classical texts than to the Bible, so scholars can use stemmatics and, in some cases, copy text editing.


Premise: What is sexual identity defined as?

Hypothesis: Sexual identity and sexual behavior are closely related to sexual orientation, but they are distinguished, with sexual identity referring to an individual's conception of themselves, behavior referring to actual sexual acts performed by the individual, and orientation referring to "fantasies, attachments and longings.


Premise: Where is the Fylde coast?

Hypothesis: Lancashire is home to a significant Asian population, numbering over 70,000 and 6% of the county's population, and concentrated largely in the former cotton mill towns in the south east.


Premise: On what date was John Spenkelink executed?

Hypothesis: The first use of the electric chair after the moratorium was the electrocution of John Spenkelink in Florida on May 25, 1979.


Premise: Which term for his religious outlook did Popper prefer?

Hypothesis: He objected to organised religion, saying "it tends to use the name of God in vain", noting the danger of fanaticism because of religious conflicts: "The whole thing goes back to myths which, though they may have a kernel of truth, are untrue.


Premise: Whom are referred to as "The forgoten people?"

Hypothesis: On the other hand, the Liberals have done increasingly well in recent years among socially conservative working-class voters.[citation needed]However the Liberal Party's key support base remains the upper-middle classes; 16 of the 20 richest federal electorates are held by the Liberals, most of which are safe seats.


Premise: How long can the nightly concerts run for?

Hypothesis: It is one of the longest; free events in the streets, and nightly concerts run for more than a week.


Premise: How did the Sumerians fashion the stone they cut?

Hypothesis: The foundation stones — or rather bricks — of a house were consecrated by certain objects that were deposited under them."


Premise: Do CFLs consume more, less, or the same amount of energy as incandescent bulbs?

Hypothesis: However, even though they contain mercury, the environmental performance of CFLs is much better than that of light bulbs, mostly because they consume much less energy and therefore strongly reduce the environmental impact of power production.


Premise: What was the greatest American defeat of the American Revolution?

Hypothesis: American General Benjamin Lincoln was trapped and surrendered his entire 5,400-man force after a long fight, and the Siege of Charles Towne was the greatest American defeat of the war.


Premise: What program allowed America to sell military supplies to Britain and the Soviet Union?

Hypothesis: Before the attack on Pearl Harbor, the 800,000-member America First Committee vehemently opposed any American intervention in the European conflict, even as America sold military aid to Britain and the Soviet Union through the Lend-Lease program.


Premise: What was the estimated population of the entire Tuscan area in 2013?

Hypothesis: The 2010 United States Census put the population at 520,116, while the 2013 estimated population of the entire Tucson metropolitan statistical area (MSA) was 996,544.


Premise: What was the state allowed to continue to fund?

Hypothesis: While the decision (with four dissents) ultimately upheld the state law allowing the funding of transportation of students to religious schools, the majority opinion (by Justice Hugo Black) and the dissenting opinions (by Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge and Justice Robert H. Jackson) each explicitly stated that the Constitution has erected a "wall between church and state" or a "separation of Church from State": their disagreement was limited to whether this case of state funding of transportation to religious schools breached that wall.


Premise: How small were the earliest discs released?

Hypothesis: Eight-inch discs with a 2-inch-diameter (51 mm) label became popular for about a decade in Britain, but they cannot be played in full on most modern record players because the tone arm cannot play far enough in toward the center without modification of the equipment.


Premise: What LLM degree programs are offered by the Washington University School of Law?

Hypothesis: Washington University School of Law offers joint-degree programs with the Olin Business School, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the School of Medicine, and the School of Social Work.


Premise: What century were most four influential books published?

Hypothesis: At first the book mainly featured the work of Inigo Jones, but the later tomes contained drawings and plans by Campbell and other 18th-century architects.


Premise: What are academics in China encouraged to use that their American counterparts are not?

Hypothesis: In a 2007 review paper, Štrkalj suggested that the stark contrast of the racial approach between the United States and China was due to the fact that race is a factor for social cohesion among the ethnically diverse people of China, whereas "race" is a very sensitive issue in America and the racial approach is considered to undermine social cohesion - with the result that in the socio-political context of US academics scientists are encouraged not to use racial categories, whereas in China they are encouraged to use them.


Premise: What does Ganondorf transform into?

Hypothesis: They also reveal that they used it a century ago to banish Ganondorf, the Gerudo leader who attempted to steal the Triforce, to the Twilight Realm when executing him failed.


Premise: When was the Crimean War?

Hypothesis: The result was the Crimean War, 1853–1856, in which the British Empire and the French Empire supported the Ottoman Empire in its struggle against the incursions of the Russian Empire.


Premise: What REM song uses simple mandolin licks?

Hypothesis: " was driven by a few simple mandolin licks played by guitarist Peter Buck, who also played the mandolin in nearly a dozen other songs.


Premise: The use of the first ass instruments occurred in what era?

Hypothesis: It was characterized by greater use of instrumentation, multiple interweaving melodic lines, and the use of the first bass instruments.


Premise: What percentage of the human genome consists of protein coding genes?

Hypothesis: Of the human genome, only 1–2% consists of protein-coding genes, with the remainder being 'noncoding' DNA such as introns, retrotransposons, and noncoding RNAs.


Premise: In therapy, what does the antibacterial interact with?

Hypothesis: Clinicians have recommended that extra contraceptive measures be applied during therapies using antibacterials that are suspected to interact with oral contraceptives.


Premise: The movement included atomists such as what?

Hypothesis: These movements included, besides Buddhism, various skeptics (such as Sanjaya Belatthiputta), atomists (such as Pakudha Kaccayana), materialists (such as Ajita Kesakambali), antinomians (such as Purana Kassapa); the most important ones in the 5th century BCE were the Ajivikas, who emphasized the rule of fate, the Lokayata (materialists), the Ajnanas (agnostics) and the Jains, who stressed that the soul must be freed from matter.


Premise: How many trophy designs have there bee?

Hypothesis: There have been two designs of trophy in use, but five physical trophies have been presented.


Premise: What was the fertility rate of women in 2012?

Hypothesis: With a fertility rate of 5.9 births per woman, the maternal mortality rate stood at 990 per 100,000 births in 2010.


Premise: What is the elevation of Ben Nevis?

Hypothesis: The region was re-inhabited after the last glacial period of Quaternary glaciation, by 12,000 BC when Great Britain was still a peninsula of the European continent.


Premise: What did the World Economic Forum's Global Competetiveness Report Rank Switzerland's economy as?

Hypothesis: Switzerland also has one of the world's largest account balances as a percentage of GDP.


Premise: Hunting has significant financial impact in what country?

Hypothesis: Hunting also has a significant financial impact in the United States, with many companies specialising in hunting equipment or speciality tourism.


Premise: What important person saw the telephone at the Centennial Exposition?

Hypothesis: Influential visitors to the exhibition included Emperor Pedro II of Brazil.


Premise: What do health-care professionals tend to underestimate?

Hypothesis: To assess intensity, the patient may be asked to locate their pain on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 being no pain at all, and 10 the worst pain they have ever felt.


Premise: When was Nigeria's fourth satellite launched?

Hypothesis: On 24 March 2009, the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, NigComSat Ltd. and CGWIC signed another contract for the in-orbit delivery of the NigComSat-1R satellite.


Premise: When did the torch go through Bankok?

Hypothesis: Thailand: The April 18 relay through Bangkok was the Olympic flame's first visit to Thailand.


Premise: Are the speed limits on I-19 marked in miles or kilometers?

Hypothesis: Interstate 10, which runs southeast to northwest through town, connects Tucson to Phoenix to the northwest on the way to its western terminus in Santa Monica, California, and to Las Cruces, New Mexico and El Paso, Texas toward its eastern terminus in Jacksonville, Florida. I-19 runs south from Tucson toward Nogales and the U.S.-Mexico border.


Premise: What river is New York City located on?

Hypothesis: New York City is situated in the Northeastern United States, in southeastern New York State, approximately halfway between Washington, D.C. and Boston.


Premise: What did Apple include with the iPod to resolve the screen problem?

Hypothesis: In late 2005, many users complained that the surface of the first generation iPod Nano can become scratched easily, rendering the screen unusable.


Premise: What was the name of the magazine of which multiple editors were involved in the Title IX complaint?

Hypothesis: In March 2011 a Title IX complaint was filed against Yale by students and recent graduates, including editors of Yale's feminist magazine Broad Recognition, alleging that the university had a hostile sexual climate.


Premise: What is the name of a magazine published at KU?

Hypothesis: The J-School's students maintain various publications on campus, including The University Daily Kansan, Jayplay magazine, KUJH TV and KJHK radio.


Premise: Ossetic is a version of which Scythian language?

Hypothesis: Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus.


Premise: What were barrage balloons initially used as an obstacle to?

Hypothesis: Secondly, to avoid the balloons, bombers had to fly at a higher altitude, which was more favorable for the guns.


Premise: In 2010, what was conducted on mummified remains of baboons?

Hypothesis: In 2010, a genetic study was conducted on the mummified remains of baboons that were brought back as gifts from Punt by the ancient Egyptians.


Premise: What are Yale's colleges encircling?

Hypothesis: The twelve colleges are named for important alumni or significant places in university history.


Premise: On what date was Vatican II re convened?

Hypothesis: Six days after his election he announced that he would continue Vatican II and convened the opening to take place on 29 September 1963.


Premise: What was different about swedish progressive house music?

Hypothesis: The growing popularity of such artists led to the emergence of electro house and progressive house blended sounds in popular music, such as singles Lady Gaga's "Marry the Night", The Black Eyed Peas' "


Premise: Who took over German New Guinea?

Hypothesis: Plans for a post-war division of the Ottoman Empire, which had joined the war on Germany's side, were secretly drawn up by Britain and France under the 1916


Premise: Which company was organized first, Electro-Dynamic Light Company or United States Electric Lighting Company?

Hypothesis: Albon Man, a New York lawyer, started Electro-Dynamic Light Company in 1878 to exploit his patents and those of William Sawyer.


Premise: What objects do musicians have to have in order to play woodwind instruments?

Hypothesis: The reeds used to play them, however, are usually made from Arundo donax, a type of monocot cane plant.


Premise: What happens whenever a USB host is restarted?

Hypothesis: When a USB device is first connected to a USB host, the USB device enumeration process is started.


Premise: How much % of production does the public sector cover?

Hypothesis: The public sector dominates the economy, accounting for about 50% of gross domestic product.


Premise: Who Broke Lou Gehrig's MLB record of 176 RBI?

Hypothesis: Hack Wilson set a record of 56 home-runs and 190 runs-batted-in in 1930, breaking Lou Gehrig's MLB record of 176 RBI.


Premise: Which canton is Berne the capital?

Hypothesis: With a population of 140,634 (November 2015), Bern is the fifth most populous city in Switzerland.


Premise: It is only considered political corruption if the act directly relates to what?

Hypothesis: Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain.


Premise: In what year did General Clinton return to Charles Towne?

Hypothesis: American General Benjamin Lincoln was trapped and surrendered his entire 5,400-man force after a long fight, and the Siege of Charles Towne was the greatest American defeat of the war.


Premise: What proved to be less acceptable to a colonial point of view?

Hypothesis: It proved to be less acceptable to a colonial point of view that saw the entire region as one.


Premise: What are Gentians named after?

Hypothesis: Gentians are named after the Illyrian king Gentius, and 40 species of the early-spring blooming flower grow in the Alps, in a range of 1,500 to 2,400 m (4,921 to 7,874 ft).


Premise: When did the abbreviation CDMX begin to take hold?

Hypothesis: This motto was quickly adopted as a city nickname, but has faded since the new motto Capital en Movimiento ("Capital in Movement") was adopted by the administration headed by Marcelo Ebrard, though the latter is not treated as often as a nickname in media.


Premise: Which contestant was saved by the judges in season nine of American Idol?

Hypothesis: Michael Lynche was the lowest vote getter at top nine and was given the Judges' Save.


Premise: Where is Midtown Raleigh?

Hypothesis: Midtown Raleigh is a residential and commercial area just North of the I-440 Beltline and is part of North Raleigh.


Premise: Typical church congregations on Norfolk Island as of 2010 don't exceed what number?

Hypothesis: Some unhappiness with G. H. Nobbs, the more organised and formal ritual of the Church of England service arising from the influence of the Melanesian Mission, decline in spirituality, the influence of visiting American whalers, literature sent by Christians overseas impressed by the Pitcairn story, and the adoption of Seventh-day Adventism by the descendants of the mutineers still on Pitcairn, all contributed to these developments.


Premise: Whos was the founder of the neorealist theory of international relations?

Hypothesis: Early writings on the subject tended to judge states by the realist criterion, as expressed by the historian A. J. P. Taylor when he noted that "The test of a great power is the test of strength for war."


Premise: What group wanted to conquer India from earliest times?

Hypothesis: The early Islamic literature indicates that the conquest of India was one of the very early ambitions of the Muslims, though it was recognized as a particularly difficult one.


Premise: When did the Dreyfus affair occur?

Hypothesis: But after emancipation, a sense of a unified French Jewry emerged, especially when France was wracked by the Dreyfus affair in the 1890s.


Premise: What types of script was used to write Sanskrit in the northwest part of Indai?

Hypothesis: Brahmi evolved into a multiplicity of Brahmic scripts, many of which were used to write Sanskrit.


Premise: What is guwen considered as?

Hypothesis: Based on studies of these bronze inscriptions, it is clear that, from the Shang dynasty writing to that of the Western Zhou and early Eastern Zhou, the mainstream script evolved in a slow, unbroken fashion, until assuming the form that is now known as seal script in the late Eastern Zhou in the state of Qin, without any clear line of division.


Premise: Kenneth Chenault is affiliated with what company?

Hypothesis: As of Cathie Black's resignation in November 2010 its membership (by affiliation and year of joining) included: Alain J. P. Belda '08 (Alcoa), William R. Brody '07 (Salk Institute / Johns Hopkins University), Kenneth Chenault '98 (American Express), Michael L. Eskew '05 (UPS), Shirley Ann Jackson '05 (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), Andrew N. Liveris '10 (Dow Chemical), W. James McNerney, Jr. '09 (Boeing), James W. Owens '06 (Caterpillar), Samuel J. Palmisano '00


Premise: Which unpopular republic destroyed centuries of Swiss traditions?

Hypothesis: It had been imposed by a foreign invading army and destroyed centuries of tradition, making Switzerland nothing more than a French satellite state.


Premise: The Suns' exhibition game in Indian Wells, CA is the only time an NBA game is played in what setting?

Hypothesis: Today, NBA teams almost always play each other in the preseason, but mainly at neutral sites within their market areas in order to allow those who can't usually make a trip to a home team's arena during the regular season to see a game close to home; for instance the Minnesota Timberwolves will play games in arenas in North Dakota and South Dakota, while the Phoenix Suns schedule one exhibition game outdoors at Indian Wells Tennis Garden in Indian Wells, California yearly, the only such instance an NBA game takes place in an outdoor venue.


Premise: What caused the suppression of regional cultures?

Hypothesis: During the dictatorships of Miguel Primo de Rivera (1923–1930) and especially of Francisco Franco (1939–1975), all regional cultures were suppressed.


Premise: What was suspended during the period of mourning?

Hypothesis: The route of the torch through the country was scaled down, and there was a minute of silence when the next leg started in city of Ruijin, Jiangxi on the Wednesday after the quake.


Premise: Some seabird species only come ashore for what purpose?

Hypothesis: Several families of birds have adapted to life both on the world's oceans and in them, with some seabird species coming ashore only to breed and some penguins have been recorded diving up to 300 metres (980 ft).


Premise: How much of the population did Prussia control?

Hypothesis: The empire was dominated by Prussia, which controlled 65% of the territory and 62% of the population.


Premise: What city did a peaceful match between two armies take place in 2007?

Hypothesis: In many parts of the world football evokes great passions and plays an important role in the life of individual fans, local communities, and even nations.


Premise: What two empires did Armenia belong to in the beginning of the 5th century?

Hypothesis: The ancient Armenian kingdom was split between the Byzantine and Sasanian Empires around the early 5th century.


Premise: Which cultures architecture showed a lot of diversity?

Hypothesis: The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics.


Premise: What was Spielberg's mother's career?

Hypothesis: In 1950, his family moved to Haddon Township, New Jersey when his father took a job with RCA.


Premise: On what date did the official general post office open?

Hypothesis: On 13 April 1837 the settlement's general post office officially opened with that name.


Premise: What is the name of the island on which Atlantic City is located?

Hypothesis: It is on Absecon Island, on the Atlantic coast.


Premise: What caused Prince Albert's death?

Hypothesis: He was diagnosed with typhoid fever by William Jenner, and died on 14 December 1861.


Premise: When did the Romans make Christianity their official religion?

Hypothesis: Christianity spread throughout Southern Europe during the Roman Empire, and Christianity was adopted as the official religion of the Roman Empire in the year 380 AD.


Premise: How many questions does the SASO contain?

Hypothesis: The SASO consists of 12 questions.


Premise: The restriction of what enzyme allows broad-spectrum herbicides to kill plants?

Hypothesis: crop protection chemical was typically applied, while sulfonylureates allow as little as 1% as much material to achieve the same effect.


Premise: Who established Yale's residential college system?

Hypothesis: The colleges are led by a master and an academic dean, who reside in the college, and university faculty and affiliates comprise each college's fellowship.


Premise: What is the average coldest temperature?

Hypothesis: The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), though the average for the third quarter (the coldest part of the year) is −63 °C (−81 °F).


Premise: Who was the first to prohibit the paper from being in its library?

Hypothesis: Sex was used as an important element in the content and marketing the paper from the start, which Lamb believed was the most important part of his readers' lives.


Premise: What institution did R.T. Gunther belong to?

Hypothesis: Yellow glass with 1% uranium oxide was found in a Roman villa on Cape Posillipo in the Bay of Naples, Italy, by R. T. Gunther of the University of Oxford in 1912.


Premise: Why are some people hesitant to use LED lighting?

Hypothesis: As of 2015[update], LEDs powerful enough for room lighting remain somewhat more expensive, and require more precise current and heat management, than compact fluorescent lamp sources of comparable output.


Premise: How large is the Gateway National recreation Area in hectares?

Hypothesis: Also in Queens, the park includes a significant portion of the western Rockaway Peninsula, most notably Jacob Riis Park and Fort Tilden.


Premise: Who says with certainty that the cross was made out of two beams?

Hypothesis: However, early Christian writers who speak of the shape of the particular gibbet on which Jesus died invariably describe it as having a cross-beam.


Premise: What production trait existed in tribal groups that were controlled by charismatic leaders?

Hypothesis: Whether a non-hierarchical system of organization existed is debatable, and there is no evidence that explicitly suggests that Neolithic societies functioned under any dominating class or individual, as was the case in the chiefdoms of the European Early Bronze Age.


Premise: In what year was the Plebiscitum Ovinium initiative enacted?

Hypothesis: Shortly before 312 BCE, the Plebeian Council enacted the Plebiscitum Ovinium.


Premise: What was introduced in von Neumann algebras?

Hypothesis: Von Neumann introduced the study of rings of operators, through the von Neumann algebras.


Premise: Who was the third caliph?

Hypothesis: Al-Khilāfat al-ʾumawiyya) was the second of the four major Islamic caliphates established after the death of Muhammad.


Premise: What type of design did these texts allow the builders to incorporate?

Hypothesis: Vernacular architecture became increasingly ornamental.


Premise: In what neighborhood did the Stonewall riots occur?

Hypothesis: They are widely considered to constitute the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBT rights in the United States.


Premise: What are the opposites of injective maps?

Hypothesis: Sub- and quotient groups are related in the following way: a subset H of G can be seen as an injective map H → G, i.e. any element of the target has at most one element that maps to it.


Premise: Which major Latin epic is Virgil known for?

Hypothesis: Publius Vergilius Maro (Classical Latin: [ˈpuː.blɪ.ʊs wɛrˈɡɪ.lɪ.ʊs ˈma.roː]; October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil /ˈvɜːrdʒᵻl/ in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period.


Premise: What is genetic make of bacteria?

Hypothesis: Like all living organisms, bacteria contain ribosomes, often grouped in chains called polyribosomes, for the production of proteins, but the structure of the bacterial ribosome is different from that of eukaryotes and Archaea.


Premise: What activity often results in a boy's first ejaculation?

Hypothesis: Boys are generally fertile before they have an adult appearance.


Premise: Besides Qiantang and Jiankang, what was the other major metropolitan center in the south?

Hypothesis: The other two centers in the south were Jiankang and Chengdu.


Premise: About how long ago were the Samoan islands discovered?

Hypothesis: The Lapita people discovered and settled the Samoan islands around 3,500 years ago.


Premise: Who did Hoyte van Hoytema replace as cinematographer?

Hypothesis: In March 2013 Mendes said he would not return to direct the next film in the series, then known as Bond 24; he later recanted and announced that he would return, as he found the script and the plans for the long-term future of the franchise appealing.


Premise: What does Catalan share with other Romance languages?

Hypothesis: Thus, as it should be expected from closely related languages, Catalan today shares many traits with other Romance languages.


Premise: The first transistorised computer was operational in what year?

Hypothesis: However, the machine did make use of valves to generate its 125 kHz clock waveforms and in the circuitry to read and write on its magnetic drum memory, so it was not the first completely transistorized computer.


Premise: What does chansons de geste mean in English?

Hypothesis: Often the stories were written down in the chansons de geste, or "songs of great deeds", such as The Song of Roland or The Song of Hildebrand.


Premise: Though the US and the Soviet Union were both against colonialism, what was the US more afraid of?

Hypothesis: In practice, however, American anti-communism prevailed over anti-imperialism, and therefore the United States supported the continued existence of the British Empire to keep Communist expansion in check.


Premise: How much of mined cooper has been extracted in the last 24 years?

Hypothesis: Copper has been in use at least 10,000 years, but more than 95% of all copper ever mined and smelted has been extracted since 1900, and more than half was extracted in only the last 24 years.


Premise: When had Edmund Chojecki translated portions of the Saragossa Manuscript into Polish from French?

Hypothesis: Portions of the original French-language manuscript were subsequently lost; however, the missing fragments survived in a Polish translation that was made by Edmund Chojecki in 1847 from a complete French copy, now lost.


Premise: What is an example of a culturally specific support network?

Hypothesis: There are a number of culturally specific support networks for LGBT individuals active in the United States.


Premise: What is a term that is used to mean prime minister?

Hypothesis: The convention in the English language is to call nearly all national heads of government "prime minister" (sometimes modified to the equivalent term of premier), regardless of the correct title of the head of government as applied in his or her respective country.


Premise: What other document was presented along with the Concordat of 1801?

Hypothesis: It was presented alongside the Organic Articles, which regulated public worship in France.


Premise: Who realized that languages like Sanskrit, Persian, and Greek share the same foundation?

Hypothesis: Descriptive linguistics, and the related structuralism movement caused linguistics to focus on how language changes over time, instead of just describing the differences between languages.


Premise: Where can you buy downloadable content for the PSP and PS3?

Hypothesis: The PlayStation Store is an online virtual market available to users of Sony's PlayStation 3 (PS3) and PlayStation Portable (PSP) game consoles via the PlayStation Network.


Premise: How many tents were flown to the region?

Hypothesis: The Red Cross Society of China flew 557 tents and 2,500 quilts valued at 788,000 yuan (US$113,000) to Wenchuan County.


Premise: Who raided the colonial settlements?

Hypothesis: The colonial settlements were raided by the Kru and Grebo people from their inland chiefdoms.


Premise: Who owns Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle?

Hypothesis: It is not the monarch's personal property, unlike Sandringham House and Balmoral Castle.


Premise: In what year did waves overcome the walls of the capital city?

Hypothesis: In 2013, heavy waves once again breached the city walls of Majuro.


Premise: How much more energy does Neptune radiate than it receives?

Hypothesis: Neptune's more varied weather when compared to Uranus is due in part to its higher internal heating.


Premise: What factor is reflected in performance requirements?

Hypothesis: A key goal during this stage is data independence, meaning that the decisions made for performance optimization purposes should be invisible to end-users and applications.


Premise: What major retailer sold HP-branded iPod devices?

Hypothesis: Several new retail channels were used—including Wal-Mart—and these iPods eventually made up 5% of all iPod sales.


Premise: What city had a higher murder rate than Detroit in 2014?

Hypothesis: Crime has since decreased and, in 2014, the murder rate was 43.4 per 100,000, lower than in St. Louis, Missouri.


Premise: Describe Gaddafi's humble upbringing.

Hypothesis: Muammar Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya.


Premise: What was the supreme court case that was determined that congress could not allow the President to determine fair competition?

Hypothesis: In a case involving the creation of the National Recovery Administration called A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 (1935), Congress could not authorize the president to formulate codes of "fair competition.


Premise: In art, what is the name for the motif of Mary cradling the body of Jesus?

Hypothesis: Mary is also depicted as being present among the women at the crucifixion during the crucifixion standing near "the disciple whom Jesus loved" along with Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene,[Jn 19:25-26] to which list Matthew 27:56 adds "the mother of the sons of Zebedee", presumably the Salome mentioned in Mark 15:40.


Premise: As of 2009, who is the director of the Yale Center for the Study of Globalization?

Hypothesis: As of 2009, former Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo is the director of the Yale Center for the Study of Globalization and teaches an undergraduate seminar, "Debating Globalization".


Premise: What is anthropology a study of?

Hypothesis: Anthropology is the study of humans and their societies in the past and present.


Premise: What was the name of the UN-conventional system that was implemented?

Hypothesis: Familicide was frequently deployed in obtaining power and can be traced particularly during the time of the Yaroslavichi rule (sons of Yaroslav) when the established system was skipped in the establishment of Vladimir II Monomakh as the Grand Prince of Kiev,[clarification needed] in turn creating major squabbles between Olegovichi from Chernihiv, Monomakhs from Pereyaslav, Izyaslavichi from Turov/Volhynia, and Polotsk Princes.[citation needed]


Premise: What was the main component of Japanese sailor's diet?

Hypothesis: Adding various types of vegetables and meats to the diets of Japanese sailors prevented the disease, (not because of the increased protein as Takaki supposed but because it introduced a few parts per million of thiamine to the diet, later understood as a cure).


Premise: What system used CP1251 encoding?

Hypothesis: This encoding was and still is widely used in UNIX-like operating systems.


Premise: The video Express Yourself was inspired by which silent film?

Hypothesis: The video for "Express Yourself" (1989) was inspired by Fritz Lang's silent film Metropolis (1927).


Premise: When did covert antiaircraft training start in Germany?

Hypothesis: Some World War I guns were retained and some covert AA training started in the late 1920s.


Premise: What does the acronym LER refer to?

Hypothesis: Not all wavelengths of visible electromagnetic energy are equally effective at stimulating the human eye; the luminous efficacy of radiant energy (LER) is a measure of how well the distribution of energy matches the perception of the eye.


Premise: How is PlayStation Plus often abbreviated?

Hypothesis: Users may choose to purchase either a one-year or a three-month subscription to PlayStation Plus.


Premise: What type of ship was the Janet Nicoll?

Hypothesis: In 1890 Robert Louis Stevenson, his wife Fanny Vandegrift Stevenson and her son Lloyd Osbourne sailed on the Janet Nicoll, a trading steamer owned by Henderson and Macfarlane of Auckland, New Zealand, which operated between Sydney and Auckland and into the central Pacific.


Premise: What administrative division did Sakhalin Island become a part of?

Hypothesis: At the end of World War II Soviet troops occupied southern Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands, making them part of the RSFSR.


Premise: How many wireless communications failed in Sichuan?

Hypothesis: China Mobile had more than 2,300 base stations suspended due to power disruption or severe telecommunication traffic congestion.


Premise: How much had been invested in the new printing locations?

Hypothesis: The three print centres represent a £600 million investment by NI and allowed all the titles to be produced with every page in full colour from 2008.


Premise: Which network is the main live broadcaster of Premier League in Australia?

Hypothesis: The Premier League is particularly popular in Asia, where it is the most widely distributed sports programme.


Premise: Why was marshal law declared in Burma in 1989?

Hypothesis: SLORC changed the country's official English name from the "Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma" to the "Union of Myanmar" in 1989.


Premise: Why is some energy in the electroluminescence process emitted as heat and light?

Hypothesis: Some portion of the energy must be dissipated in order to recombine the electrons and the holes.


Premise: Who countered the Russian cavalry's movement?

Hypothesis: Soon after, a Russian cavalry movement was countered by the Heavy Brigade, who charged and fought hand-to-hand until the Russians retreated.


Premise: What was the name of Waugh's work?

Hypothesis: Aaron Meskin saw McCloud's theories as an artificial attempt to legitimize the place of comics in art history.


Premise: When was reinvent the toilet launched

Hypothesis: In 2011, the foundation launched a program called "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge" with the aim to promote the development of innovations in toilet design to benefit the 2.5 billion people that do not have access to safe and effective sanitation.


Premise: What position did the song "Here We Go" by the Everton FC peak at on the UK pop charts in 1985?

Hypothesis: The following year the club scored their biggest hit when "Here We Go" peaked at 14.


Premise: Who was one of the creators of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences?

Hypothesis: In 1956, Conkling left Columbia, he would help establish the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences before eventually becoming the first president of the newly launched Warner Bros. Records, and Goddard Lieberson began the first of two stints as head of the record company.