Premise: Which directions does the South Saharan run?

Hypothesis: Movements of the equatorial Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) bring summer rains during July and August which average 100 to 200 mm (3.9 to 7.9 in) but vary greatly from year to year.


Premise: Three protester climbed what to hang two banners on April 7, 2008?

Hypothesis: On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying "One World, One Dream.


Premise: What music began associated with the lower classes?

Hypothesis: Rebetiko, initially a music associated with the lower classes, later (and especially after the population exchange between Greece and Turkey) reached greater general acceptance as the rough edges of its overt subcultural character were softened and polished, sometimes to the point of unrecognizability.


Premise: For clues about the climate of a place, we can look at variation in isotopic abundances or what other thing?

Hypothesis: The year-to-year variation in tree-ring widths and isotopic abundances gives clues to the prevailing climate at that time.


Premise: What does the machine create by drawing a straight line between two points on the board?

Hypothesis: Since it was quite easy to stack interconnections (wires) inside the embedding matrix, the approach allowed designers to forget completely about the routing of wires (usually a time-consuming operation of PCB design): Anywhere the designer needs a connection, the machine will draw a wire in straight line from one location/pin to another.


Premise: In what providence is Edmonton located?

Hypothesis: St. John's is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland.


Premise: In what month and year did Rogers Cable add TCM to its analog broadcasts?

Hypothesis: Rogers Cable started offering TCM in December 2006 as a free preview for subscribers of its digital cable tier, and was added to its analogue tier in February 2007.


Premise: What was inaugurated in Chihuahua City on September 16, 1897?

Hypothesis: On September 16, 1897, the Civilian Hospital of Chihuahua was inaugurated in Chihuahua City and became known among the best in the country.


Premise: From what languages does the word Aryao come?

Hypothesis: Iranian derives from the Persian and Sanskrit origin word Arya.


Premise: What is the economical magazine in Namibia?

Hypothesis: Other mentionable newspapers are the tabloid Informanté owned by TrustCo, the weekly Windhoek Observer, the weekly Namibia Economist, as well as the regional Namib Times.


Premise: When did more commercial streets become built in Nanjing?

Hypothesis: In the past 20 years, several commercial streets have been developed, hence the nightlife has become more diverse: there are shopping malls opening late in the Xinjiekou CBD and Hunan Road.


Premise: When is the beginning of Miami's wet season?

Hypothesis: The wet season begins some time in May, ending in mid-October.


Premise: What was Zechariah's occupation?

Hypothesis: According to the writer of Luke, Mary was a relative of Elizabeth, wife of the priest Zechariah of the priestly division of Abijah, who was herself part of the lineage of Aaron and so of the tribe of Levi.[Luke 1:5;1:36]


Premise: Giovanni da Verrazzano's ship that sailed to New York was named what?

Hypothesis: The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown, who sailed his ship La Dauphine into New York Harbor.


Premise: How many Nazis were arrested?

Hypothesis: The discovery of Soviet spies operating in the US allowed Hoover to pursue his longstanding obsession with the threat he perceived from the American Left, ranging from Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA)


Premise: Did the terms, Enlightenment, Lumieres, Aufklarung and illuminismo refer to distinct or overlapping movements?

Hypothesis: However, scholars have never agreed on a definition of the Enlightenment, or on its chronological or geographical extent.


Premise: Who was elected as president of the Barcelona club in 2010?

Hypothesis: After Laporta's departure from the club in June 2010, Sandro Rosell was soon elected as the new president.


Premise: Who found evidence that where the media had freedom there was less political corruption?

Hypothesis: Brunetti and Weder found "evidence of a significant relationship between more press freedom and less corruption in a large cross-section of countries.


Premise: How often does Elizabeth give interviews?

Hypothesis: Since Elizabeth rarely gives interviews, little is known of her personal feelings.


Premise: What is the gold production income of poor families in Mali?

Hypothesis: Gold is important to the economy of Mali and Ghana.


Premise: What does the written score not usually contain explicitly?

Hypothesis: The written score, however, does not usually contain explicit instructions as to how to interpret the piece in terms of production or performance, apart from directions for dynamics, tempo and expression (to a certain extent).


Premise: What noted artist and writer made brought Daredevil to the forefront during the 1980s?

Hypothesis: During Shooter's nine-year tenure as editor-in-chief, Chris Claremont and John Byrne's run on the Uncanny X-Men and Frank Miller's run on Daredevil became critical and commercial successes.


Premise: To where did Saint Athanasius withdraw?

Hypothesis: Through the influence of the Eusebian faction at Constantinople, an Arian bishop, George of Cappadocia, was now appointed to rule the see of Alexandria.


Premise: What war started in 2004?

Hypothesis: In 2004 the Central African Republic Bush War began as forces opposed to Bozizé took up arms against his government.


Premise: Where does Link depart from at the end of the game?

Hypothesis: Near the end, as Hyrule Castle is rebuilt, Link is shown leaving Ordon Village heading to parts unknown.


Premise: Who wrote the song Seven Seas of Rhye?

Hypothesis: The Freddie Mercury-written lead single "Seven Seas of Rhye" reached number ten in the UK, giving the band their first hit.


Premise: How many James Bond films has Eon Productions produced?

Hypothesis: It features Daniel Craig in his fourth performance as James Bond, and Christoph Waltz as Ernst Stavro Blofeld, with the film marking the character's re-introduction into the series.


Premise: In which year was the Kingdom of Castile formed?

Hypothesis: It continued under that name[clarification needed] until incorporated into the Kingdom of Castile in 1230, after Ferdinand III became joint king of the two kingdoms.


Premise: What year did Patrick Henry give his speech?

Hypothesis: In 1775, Patrick Henry delivered his famous "Give me Liberty or Give me Death" speech in St. John's Church in Richmond, crucial for deciding Virginia's participation in the First Continental Congress and setting the course for revolution and independence.


Premise: In what other type of schools is Sanskrit also taught?

Hypothesis: This is true of most schools affiliated with the ICSE board, especially in those states where the official language is Hindi.


Premise: What type of exhibition game showcases the best players?

Hypothesis: International competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport.


Premise: When does the middle of summer occur on Cyprus?

Hypothesis: Inland temperatures are more extreme, with colder winters and hotter summers compared with the coast of the island.


Premise: In what building was the Melbourne Internation Exhibition of 1880 held?

Hypothesis: The decade began with the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880, held in the large purpose-built Exhibition Building.


Premise: What did the math of artificial viscosity do?

Hypothesis: The mathematics of artificial viscosity smoothed the shock transition without sacrificing basic physics.


Premise: In what year did the dynasty of Bayinnaung fully collapse ?

Hypothesis: Political unification returned in the mid-16th century, due to the efforts of Taungoo, a former vassal state of Ava.


Premise: Who did Eisenhower believe should be allowed to decide the nature of discrimination laws?

Hypothesis: When Eisenhower was elected President in 1952, he believed hiring practices and anti-discrimination laws should be decided by the states, although the administration gradually continued to desegregate the Armed Forces and the federal government.:50


Premise: What is another name for The Fort Washington Expressway?

Hypothesis: U.S. 30, extending east-west from West Philadelphia to Lancaster, is known as Lancaster Avenue throughout most of the city and through the adjacent Main Line suburbs.


Premise: What's the common name for Picea abies?

Hypothesis: The choice of wood may make a significant difference to the tone and resonant qualities of the instrument, and tonewoods have widely differing properties, ranging from the hard and dense african blackwood (used for the bodies of clarinets) to the light but resonant European spruce (Picea abies), which is traditionally used for the soundboards of violins.


Premise: Which forces did Southampton supply after D-Day that made it a target for many Luftwaffe air raids?

Hypothesis: After D-Day, Southampton docks handled military cargo to help keep the Allied forces supplied, making it a key target of Luftwaffe bombing raids until late 1944.


Premise: The Dominican Order was also greatly helped by what German friar?

Hypothesis: Another who contributed significantly to the spirituality of the order is Albertus Magnus, the only person of the period to be given the appellation "Great".


Premise: Where did the Saint Helena cricket team make it's debut in international cricket?

Hypothesis: Saint Helena has sent teams to a number of Commonwealth Games.


Premise: What are the most used labels in America to describe homosexuals?

Hypothesis: In the United States, the most frequent labels are lesbians (women attracted to women), gay men (men attracted to men), and bisexual people (men or women attracted to both sexes).


Premise: How many birds are routinely raised in the world for the consumption process?

Hypothesis: This is still the case in developing countries, where the women often make important contributions to family livelihoods through keeping poultry.


Premise: What did Mohieddin attribute Nassir's mistakes in 1967 to?

Hypothesis: His tendencies in this regard may have been accentuated by diabetes...


Premise: What does Upa-Mahanagar mean in English?

Hypothesis: It is the only city of Nepal with the administrative status of Mahanagar (Metropolitan City), as compared to Upa-Mahanagar (Sub-Metropolitan City) or Nagar (City).


Premise: What classic area of study is now mostly reserved for academic consideration?

Hypothesis: Philosophy has become an increasingly academic discipline.


Premise: What National Hockey League season was cancelled?

Hypothesis: In doing so, the AFL became the second sports league to cancel an entire season, after the National Hockey League cancelled the 2004-05 season because of a lockout.


Premise: By the thirteenth century, what had the Czech language separated from?

Hypothesis: Its use of cases differed from the modern language; although Old Czech did not yet have a vocative case or an animacy distinction, declension for its six cases and three genders rapidly became complicated (partially to differentiate homophones) and its declension patterns resembled those of Lithuanian (its Balto-Slavic cousin).


Premise: How was the belief of the existance of God and the immortal soul replaced in the constitution?

Hypothesis: It is possible that the immediate objections of the United Grand Lodge of England were at least partly motivated by the political tension between France and Britain at the time.


Premise: When did Valencia's rapid development begin?

Hypothesis: Starting in the mid-1990s, Valencia, formerly an industrial centre, saw rapid development that expanded its cultural and touristic possibilities, and transformed it into a newly vibrant city.


Premise: What besides the individual patient is targeted when antibiotics is being used?

Hypothesis: Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the antibiotics used, the microbial organisms targeted, and the individual patient.


Premise: Who led the armies supporting British interests in central Europe?

Hypothesis: They sought to offset the disadvantage of this in Europe by allying themselves with one or more Continental powers whose interests were antithetical to those of their enemies, particularly France.:15–16 By subsidising the armies of continental allies, Britain could turn London's enormous financial power to military advantage.


Premise: Which state created a county called Tennessee in 1788?

Hypothesis: In 1788, North Carolina created "Tennessee County", the third county to be established in what is now Middle Tennessee.


Premise: What is the weight of the elevator cage balanced by?

Hypothesis: The weight of the car is balanced by a counterweight.


Premise: What makes Bermuda a popular tourist destination?

Hypothesis: Bermuda's pink sand beaches and clear, cerulean blue ocean waters are popular with tourists.


Premise: Who played Destry in Destry Rides Again?

Hypothesis: Again (1939), starring James Stewart as Destry and Marlene Dietrich in her comeback role after leaving Paramount Studios.


Premise: According to Bastian, what did he believe all human societies shared?

Hypothesis: He proposed that a scientific comparison of all human societies would reveal that distinct worldviews consisted of the same basic elements.


Premise: What is dukkha?

Hypothesis: Samsara arises out of avidya (ignorance) and is characterized by dukkha (suffering, anxiety, dissatisfaction).


Premise: What gender has a higher enrollment?

Hypothesis: Education is compulsory from the age of 7 to 13.


Premise: What is a Latin script to write in Belarusian?

Hypothesis: There is also a Latin script to write in Belarusian, called the Lacinka alphabet.


Premise: What was the contribution of Confucianism to samurai?

Hypothesis: The philosophies of Buddhism and Zen, and to a lesser extent Confucianism and Shinto, influenced the samurai culture.


Premise: Does the amount of grey matter in the brain increase linearly or follow an inverted-U pattern over the course of adolescence?

Hypothesis: Over the course of adolescence, the amount of white matter in the brain increases linearly, while the amount of grey matter in the brain follows an inverted-U pattern.


Premise: What reason did Policy give for his resignation?

Hypothesis: One month later, the league missed the deadline to formally ratify the new collective bargaining agreement and announced that it was eliminating health insurance for the players.


Premise: What do they sometimes do for entertainment?

Hypothesis: In the Brazilian rainforest, those groups that recently did, or even continue to, rely on hunting and gathering techniques seem to have adopted this lifestyle, abandoning most agriculture, as a way to escape colonial control and as a result of the introduction of European diseases reducing their populations to levels where agriculture became difficult.[citation needed][dubious – discuss]


Premise: What BBC radio station operates in Plymouth?

Hypothesis: Plymouth is the regional television centre of BBC South West.


Premise: What type of political stability was compromised as a result of violent nationalism?

Hypothesis: Like Achille Ratti before him,[a] he felt confronted with the huge problem, not limited to Poland, of excessive nationalism: "This form of nationalism treats foreigners as enemies, especially foreigners with whom one has common frontiers.


Premise: Who was declared the protector of Henry III after John's death?

Hypothesis: In the aftermath of John's death William Marshal was declared the protector of the nine-year-old Henry III.


Premise: How much of Nigeria's population is Christian?

Hypothesis: Christianity is practised by 58% of the population (among them 74% are Protestant, 25% Roman Catholic, 1% other Christian).


Premise: René Descartes lived from what year to what year?

Hypothesis: The French cleric Pierre Gassendi (1592-1665) represented the materialist tradition in opposition to the attempts of René Descartes (1596-1650) to provide the natural sciences with dualist foundations.


Premise: Who created the astrolabe?

Hypothesis: In astronomy, Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī improved the precision of the measurement of the precession of the Earth's axis.


Premise: What dynasty was Ashot I part of?

Hypothesis: In 885 AD the Armenians reestablished themselves as a sovereign kingdom under the leadership of Ashot I of the Bagratid Dynasty.


Premise: Which King of Pop was influenced by Queen?

Hypothesis: At the Disco; and pop: Michael Jackson, George Michael, Robbie Williams, Adele, Lady Gaga and Katy Perry.


Premise: At what facility was Kerry born?

Hypothesis: He was the second oldest of four children born to Richard John Kerry, a Foreign Service officer and lawyer, and Rosemary Isabel Forbes, a nurse and social activist.


Premise: Who was included in the Coloured group?

Hypothesis: During the first half of the 20th century, the Afrikaaner-dominated government classified the population according to four main racial groups: Black, White, Asian (mostly Indian), and Coloured.


Premise: What has the Princess Alexandra Dock become?

Hypothesis: The land used for Southampton Ferry Port was sold off and a retail and housing development was built on the site.


Premise: Do many cultures place value of the education of a young girl?

Hypothesis: In many cultures, particular where the informal economy and small household businesses thrive, the cultural tradition is that children follow in their parents' footsteps; child labour then is a means to learn and practice that trade from a very early age.


Premise: Where does the name Thuringia come from?

Hypothesis: Other historians argue that the Thuringians were allies of the Huns, came to central Europe together with them, and lived before in what is Galicia today.


Premise: The Sassanid became a cornerstone of what type of learning?

Hypothesis: The Median and Achaemenid empires left a significant classical art scene which remained as basic influences for the art of the later eras.


Premise: Who supported the Chinese Communists during the civil war in Manchuria?

Hypothesis: While the Communists were struggling for supremacy in Manchuria, they were supported by the North Korean government with matériel and manpower.


Premise: What former Tucson horse racetrack no longer exists?

Hypothesis: Tucson Raceway Park hosts NASCAR-sanctioned auto racing events and is one of only two asphalt short tracks in Arizona.


Premise: Who do not teach their faith to Israelis?

Hypothesis: The city of Jerusalem is of special importance to Jews, Muslims and Christians as it is the home of sites that are pivotal to their religious beliefs, such as the Old City that incorporates the Western Wall and the Temple Mount, the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.


Premise: What branch of idealism believes that we can only know the real world via ideas?

Hypothesis: Epistemological idealism is the view that reality can only be known through ideas, that only psychological experience can be apprehended by the mind.


Premise: What happened since 1997?

Hypothesis: In 1998 a set of eight unelected Regional assemblies, or chambers, was created to support the English Regional Development Agencies, but these were abolished between 2008 and 2010.


Premise: What type of blood tests are used?

Hypothesis: Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.


Premise: Which battle left parts of Tibet under Chinese rule?

Hypothesis: The bulk of western and central Tibet (Ü-Tsang) was often at least nominally unified under a series of Tibetan governments in Lhasa, Shigatse, or nearby locations; these governments were at various times under Mongol and Chinese overlordship.


Premise: Along with Korea and Communism, what issue did Eisenhower attack Truman on?

Hypothesis: The campaign strategy, dubbed "K1C2", was to focus on attacking the Truman and Roosevelt administrations on three issues: Korea, Communism and corruption.


Premise: What nearby city would you go to for war related injuries?

Hypothesis: The New Haven area supports several medical facilities that are considered some of the best hospitals in the country.


Premise: What is Tajikistans population as of July 2009?

Hypothesis: Tajikistan has a population of 7,349,145 (July 2009 est.) of which 70% are under the age of 30 and 35% are between the ages of 14 and 30.


Premise: On what date was the dispersal draft first scheduled to occur?

Hypothesis: Dates were eventually announced as December 2 for the dispersal draft and December 4 for free agency, but shortly before the draft the league issued a press release announcing the draft had been postponed one day to December 3.


Premise: In what year was the Musee de quai Branly built?

Hypothesis: Valéry Giscard d'Estaing began the Musée d'Orsay (1986); President François Mitterrand, in power for 14 years, built the Opéra Bastille (1985-1989), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (1996), the Arche de la Défense (1985-1989), and the Louvre Pyramid with its underground courtyard (1983-1989); Jacques Chirac (2006), the Musée du quai Branly.


Premise: What are the most popular sports in Eritrea?

Hypothesis: Football and cycling are the most popular sports in Eritrea.


Premise: What type of wood was used on the inside ?

Hypothesis: It included a light, two benches and a hand operated signal, and could be activated from the outside, without any effort on the part of the occupants.


Premise: What is Brasilia famous for?

Hypothesis: Although not fully accomplished, the "Brasília utopia" has produced a city of relatively high quality of life, in which the citizens live in forested areas with sporting and leisure structure (the superquadras) flanked by small commercial areas, bookstores and cafes; the city is famous for its cuisine and efficiency of transit.


Premise: What did the Guardian name her?

Hypothesis: When The Guardian named her Artist of the Decade, Llewyn-Smith wrote, "Why Beyoncé?


Premise: What did the Cardinal Augustin Bea's Secretariat promote?

Hypothesis: Cardinal Augustin Bea, the head of the Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity, added at the end of the visit, "Let us move forward in Christ.


Premise: Why is it possible that the name zinc could be derived from the German zinn?

Hypothesis: Zink could also imply "tin-like" because of its relation to German zinn meaning tin.


Premise: Who played guitar in The Who?

Hypothesis: The Beatles began producing songs in the new hard rock style beginning with the White Album in 1968 and, with the track "Helter Skelter", attempted to create a greater level of noise than the Who.


Premise: Who wrote on the topic of architectural ideals contrasted with simple construction?

Hypothesis: On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction.


Premise: Where are Boduli located?

Hypothesis: Some of the major regional South Slavic groups include: Zagorci in northern Croatia, Istrijani in westernmost Croatia, Dalmatinci in southern Croatia, Boduli in Adriatic islands, Vlaji in hinterland of Dalmatia, Slavonci in eastern Croatia, Bosanci in Bosnia, Hercegovci in Herzegovina, Krajišnici in western Bosnia, but is more commonly used to refer to the Serbs of Croatia, most of whom are descendants of the Grenzers, and continued to live in the area which made up the Military Frontier until the Croatian war of independence, Semberci in northeast Bosnia, Srbijanci in Serbia proper, Šumadinci in central Serbia, Vojvođani in northern Serbia, Sremci in Syrmia, Bačvani in northwest Vojvodina, Banaćani in Banat, Sandžaklije (Muslims in Serbia/Montenegro border), Kosovci in Kosovo, Bokelji in southwest Montenegro, Trakiytsi in Upper Thracian Lowlands, Dobrudzhantsi in north-east Bulgarian region, Balkandzhii in Central Balkan Mountains, Miziytsi in north Bulgarian region, Warmiaks and Masurians in north-east Polish regions Warmia and Mazuria, Pirintsi in Blagoevgrad Province, Ruptsi in the Rhodopes etc.


Premise: In what year did apple release the special U2 model of the iPod?

Hypothesis: Like its predecessor, this iPod has engraved the signatures of the four members of the band on its back, but this one was the first time the company changed the colour of the metal (not silver but black).


Premise: In which five years did England fail to qualify for the UEFA European Championship?

Hypothesis: The team did not enter in 1960, and they failed to qualify in 1964, 1972, 1976, 1984, and 2008.


Premise: Who said the Windows 8 interface was clumsy and impractical?

Hypothesis: Despite this "stumbling block", Bright said that Windows 8's interface worked well in some places, but began to feel incoherent when switching between the "Metro" and desktop environments, sometimes through inconsistent means.


Premise: What had pottery become 4,000 years ago in the Americas?

Hypothesis: Technology had advanced to the point that pottery was becoming common and the small-scale felling of trees had become feasible.


Premise: What is the estimated population of Greater Boston?

Hypothesis: The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area called Greater Boston, home to 4.7 million people and the tenth-largest metropolitan statistical area in the country.


Premise: What is the major economic activity near Antarctica?

Hypothesis: In 1998, a compromise agreement was reached to place an indefinite ban on mining, to be reviewed in 2048, further limiting economic development and exploitation.


Premise: What is the GDP of the city?

Hypothesis: With a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation.


Premise: Who ultilized von Siemens ideas to build a succesful business?

Hypothesis: The inventor Anton Freissler developed the ideas of von Siemens and built up a successful enterprise in Austria-Hungary.


Premise: What did Patrick Henry's famous speech persuade Virginians to send delegates to?

Hypothesis: In 1775, Patrick Henry delivered his famous "Give me Liberty or Give me Death" speech in St. John's Church in Richmond, crucial for deciding Virginia's participation in the First Continental Congress and setting the course for revolution and independence.


Premise: Who was made the Supreme Head of the Church of England in 1534?

Hypothesis: In 1534, the Act of Supremacy recognized Henry as the only Supreme Head on earth of the Church of England.


Premise: In 2000, what percen tof the population were non hispanic and white?

Hypothesis: From the 1950s to the end of the 20th century, the proportion of non-Hispanic whites in the city declined; in 2000, non-Hispanic whites made up 49.5% of the city's population, making the city majority-minority for the first time.


Premise: What did renaissance writers question?

Hypothesis: Machiavelli in particular was scornful of writers on politics who judged everything in comparison to mental ideals and demanded that people should study the "effectual truth" instead.


Premise: Who held the balance of power in the 1910 election?

Hypothesis: The general election in January that year returned a hung parliament with the balance of power held by Labour and Irish Nationalist members.


Premise: What percentage of the immigrants were born in Switzerland as of 2012?

Hypothesis: Four fifths of persons with an immigration background were themselves immigrants (first generation foreigners and native-born and naturalised Swiss citizens), whereas one fifth were born in Switzerland (second generation foreigners and native-born and naturalised Swiss citizens).


Premise: Who conducted the Magdeburg experiment?

Hypothesis: A number of electrical properties become observable at this vacuum level, which renewed interest in further research.


Premise: When did the Plymouth Breakwater open?

Hypothesis: Plymouth Sound is protected from the sea by the Plymouth Breakwater, in use since 1814.


Premise: Who did Egypt send to Greece with an Army?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, the Ottoman Sultan negotiated with Mehmet Ali of Egypt, who agreed to send his son Ibrahim Pasha to Greece with an army to suppress the revolt in return for territorial gain.


Premise: In what coursework is one still likely to encounter the works of these classic scientists?

Hypothesis: As advances and specialization have made new scientific research inaccessible to most audiences, the "literary" nature of science writing has become less pronounced over the last two centuries.


Premise: Richard Dales believes that the work of Aristotle represents the turning point of what?

Hypothesis: Richard Dales, for instance, calls the discovery of Aristotle's works "a turning point in the history of Western thought."


Premise: What kind of marketing budgets do NPOs usually have?

Hypothesis: Marketing is in many cases a taboo word that NPOs or others don't like to associate with such community benefit organizations.


Premise: What is currently being planed west of Strasbourg?

Hypothesis: At that time, the French trunk road left of the Rhine not been built, so that traffic would cross into Germany to use the Karlsruhe-Basel Autobahn.


Premise: What is the mock combat roughly based on?

Hypothesis: The larger city Carnivals employ costumes, elected queens and parades with floats, but Carnival celebrations in smaller and rural areas vary widely depending on the level of European influence during Mexico's colonial period.


Premise: Why did mathematical relations become necessary?

Hypothesis: This probably influenced the theory of numbers of Pythagoras, who believed that behind the appearance of things, there was the permanent principle of mathematics.


Premise: What was established during medieval periods by religious orders?

Hypothesis: The Alps have been crossed for war and commerce, and by pilgrims, students and tourists.


Premise: What did Marxist like Stuart Hall and Raymond Williams  they identify culture as?

Hypothesis: Following nineteenth-century Romantics, they identified "culture" with consumption goods and leisure activities (such as art, music, film, food, sports, and clothing).


Premise: How many albums did it sell worldwide?

Hypothesis: The album was certified diamond by RIAA and sold over 30 million copies worldwide, becoming the best-selling compilation album by a solo artist in history.


Premise: What part of the populace does not  identify with conformists religious  majority?

Hypothesis: However, according to a US State Department's 2010 international religious freedom report, official statistics are alleged to underestimate the non-Buddhist population.


Premise: What is the name of the main library at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: This mural is popularly known as "Touchdown Jesus" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.


Premise: Who did Chopin hear play violin in 1829 that prompted him to write a composisition?

Hypothesis: He gave two piano concerts and received many favourable reviews—in addition to some commenting (in Chopin's own words) that he was "too delicate for those accustomed to the piano-bashing of local artists".


Premise: After the second delay, when was the dispersal draft schedule to occur?

Hypothesis: Because of the sudden loss of the New Orleans franchise, the league announced in October that the beginning of the free agency period would be delayed in order to accommodate a dispersal draft.


Premise: What generates output streams from each endpoint?

Hypothesis: The MP generates output streams from each endpoint and redirects the information to other endpoints in the conference.


Premise: What are some bitumen emulsions blended with to make a low-cost product?

Hypothesis: Cold-mixed asphalt can also be made from asphalt emulsion to create pavements similar to hot-mixed asphalt, several inches in depth and asphalt emulsions are also blended into recycled hot-mix asphalt to create low-cost pavements.


Premise: When was The Shevchenko Ukrainian Language Society made official?

Hypothesis: On November 28, 1989, the Ukrainian SSR's Council for Religious Affairs issued a decree allowing Ukrainian Catholic congregations to register as legal organizations.


Premise: What do POTS do?

Hypothesis: The resulting digital stream of 1s and 0s is subdivided into labeled packets, which are then transmitted through a digital network of some kind (usually ISDN or IP).


Premise: Which port is Sicily's primary port?

Hypothesis: It is also an important port for cruise ships.


Premise: Which birds have a wide visual field?

Hypothesis: Many birds show plumage patterns in ultraviolet that are invisible to the human eye; some birds whose sexes appear similar to the naked eye are distinguished by the presence of ultraviolet reflective patches on their feathers.


Premise: In which century did Portugal see the arrival of Modernism?

Hypothesis: Another great modernist painters/writers were Carlos Botelho and Almada Negreiros, friend to the poet Fernando Pessoa, who painted his (Pessoa's) portrait.


Premise: What types of media give the people of Ireland information about what is going on in Britain?

Hypothesis: The United Kingdom and Ireland have separate media, although British television, newspapers and magazines are widely available in Ireland, giving people in Ireland a high level of familiarity with cultural matters in the United Kingdom.


Premise: Who was the head of Seagram?

Hypothesis: In June 2000, Seagram was sold to French water utility and media company Vivendi, which owned StudioCanal; the conglomerate then became known as Vivendi Universal.


Premise: What did hunters feel hunting over the Internet violated?

Hypothesis: As a representative of the National Rifle Association (NRA) explained, "The NRA has always maintained that fair chase, being in the field with your firearm or bow, is an important element of hunting tradition.


Premise: Where does education usually take place under?

Hypothesis: Education can take place in formal or informal settings and any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational.


Premise: What is the origin of the word beer?

Hypothesis: The word beer comes from Old English bēor, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą, probably from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeusóm, originally "brewer's yeast, beer dregs", although other theories have been provided connecting the word with Old English bēow, "barley", or Latin bibere, "to drink".


Premise: When did Baptists become embroiled in the controversy over slavery in the United States?

Hypothesis: Whereas in the First Great Awakening, Methodist and Baptist preachers had opposed slavery and urged manumission, over the decades they made more of an accommodation with the institution.


Premise: What is the busiest bridge for cars in the world?

Hypothesis: The George Washington Bridge is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge, connecting Manhattan to Bergen County, New Jersey.


Premise: Where did the Dalai Lama's government flee to during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion?

Hypothesis: In 1962 China and India fought a brief war over the disputed South Tibet and Aksai Chin regions.


Premise: Who was one of the original survivor's to sail on to Jamestown.

Hypothesis: In 1610, all but three of the survivors of the Sea Venture sailed on to Jamestown.


Premise: Who is the current Master of the Order?

Hypothesis: The Dominican Order is headed by the Master of the Order, who is currently Bruno Cadoré.


Premise: What year did a Parliamentary garrison enter Southampton?

Hypothesis: In 1642, during the English Civil War, a Parliamentary garrison moved into Southampton.


Premise: What is a Congressional means of removing presidential appointees?

Hypothesis: Congress may itself terminate such appointments, by impeachment, and restrict the president.


Premise: What is note worthy about the bird population of Burma ?

Hypothesis: For a list of protected areas, see List of protected areas of Myanmar.


Premise: What was a "lay cardinal" allowed to do that is not considered a normal status of a Cardinal?

Hypothesis: Though clerics, they were inaccurately called "lay cardinals" and were permitted to marry.


Premise: How high is Huangmaojian Peak in feet?

Hypothesis: Altitudes tend to be the highest to the south and west and the highest peak of the province, Huangmaojian Peak (1,929 meters or 6,329 feet), is located there.


Premise: What event is celebrated on March 24th to recognize the test for latent TB?

Hypothesis: The World Tuberculosis Day was established on 24 March for this reason.


Premise: What has been discovered in the bones of carnivorous dinosaurs?

Hypothesis: Scientists who studied the skull speculated that the bite marks were received in a fight with another Herrerasaurus.


Premise: How many pins did the controller ports have on the NES?

Hypothesis: Also in contrast to the Famicom, the controllers included with the NES were identical to each other—the second controller lacked the microphone that was present on the Famicom model and possessed the same START and SELECT buttons as the primary controller.


Premise: In the Phillipines, geothermal represented what percentage of the total power mix at the end of 2008?

Hypothesis: The United States is the world leader in terms of installed capacity, representing 3.1 GW.


Premise: What did a majority of gay men and women experience in their childhood?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, studies by J. Michael Bailey and Kenneth Zucker found a majority of the gay men and lesbians sampled reporting various degrees of gender-nonconformity during their childhood years.


Premise: When did England first establish a colony in St. Lucia?

Hypothesis: Colonies in St Lucia (1605) and Grenada (1609) also rapidly folded, but settlements were successfully established in St. Kitts (1624), Barbados (1627) and Nevis (1628).


Premise: Who was the ruler of Valencia in 138 BC?

Hypothesis: This was a typical Roman city in its conception, as it was located in a strategic location near the sea on a river island crossed by the Via Augusta, the imperial road that connected the province to Rome, the capital of the empire.


Premise: In what district of London was the Punch Bowl located?

Hypothesis: The Punch Bowl, Mayfair was at one time jointly owned by Madonna and Guy Ritchie.


Premise: Is it probable, improbable, or impossible that a sovereign would withhold assent?

Hypothesis: Since these ministers most often maintain the support of parliament and are the ones who obtain the passage of bills, it is highly improbable that they would advise the sovereign to withhold assent.


Premise: What were the designations of the two redesigned 360 models and when did they come out?

Hypothesis: Microsoft released two redesigned models of the console: the Xbox 360 S in 2010, and the Xbox 360 E in 2013.


Premise: Who was the founder of the New York Post?

Hypothesis: Two of the three national daily newspapers in the United States are New York papers: The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times, which has won the most Pulitzer Prizes for journalism.


Premise: What was the major break through for the study of genetics?

Hypothesis: By 1953, James D. Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins clarified the basic structure of DNA, the genetic material for expressing life in all its forms.


Premise: A lot of Bostond medical facilities are associated with what?

Hypothesis: Boston Medical Center, located in the South End neighborhood, is the primary teaching facility for the Boston University School of Medicine as well as the largest trauma center in the Boston area; it was formed by the merger of Boston University Hospital and Boston City Hospital, which was the first municipal hospital in the United States.


Premise: What city in Israel is a sister city to Philadelphia?

Hypothesis: Philadelphia has dedicated landmarks to its sister cities.


Premise: Which scribe led the production of the first written Quran?

Hypothesis: Zayd ibn Thabit (d. 655) was the person to collect the Quran since "he used to write the Divine Inspiration for Allah's Apostle".


Premise: Heading east from Southampton, what city is connected by rail?

Hypothesis: Rail routes run east towards Portsmouth, north to Winchester, the Midlands and London, and westwards to Bournemouth, Poole, Dorchester, Weymouth, Salisbury, Bristol and Cardiff.


Premise: Along with Rome and Jerusalem, what traditional pilgrimage site saw a greater number of visitors in the High Middle Ages?

Hypothesis: The High Middle Ages was a period of great religious movements.


Premise: What is the second principle of Protestantism?

Hypothesis: Because sola scriptura placed the Bible as the only source of teaching, sola fide epitomises the main thrust of the teaching the reformers wanted to get back to, namely the direct, close, personal connection between Christ and the believer, hence the reformers' contention that their work was Christocentric.


Premise: What documents trace a progressive and universalist course of political and economic development in England?

Hypothesis: These historians were often inclined to see John's reign, and his signing of Magna Carta in particular, as a positive step in the constitutional development of England, despite the flaws of the king himself.


Premise: What causes additional rainfall during monsoon?

Hypothesis: The majority of Southeast Asia has a wet and dry season caused by seasonal shift in winds or monsoon.


Premise: What is Oklahoma's only HBCU?

Hypothesis: Langston University is Oklahoma's only historically black college.


Premise: What does hot air solder leveling ensure the coated copper will have?

Hypothesis: The HASL finish prevents oxidation from the underlying copper, thereby guaranteeing a solderable surface.


Premise: What happened in 1976 that impacted this primate's classification as Endanger?

Hypothesis: Not only had they found documentation that 151 of these primates had inadvertently made their way from the Harvard-affiliated New England Regional Primate Research Center into the exotic pet trade through the aforementioned loophole, but in October 1976, over 800 cotton-top tamarins were imported into the United States in order to beat the official listing of the species under the ESA.


Premise: What dynasty was concerned with countering northern enemy states?

Hypothesis: Few documents involving Sino-Tibetan contacts survive from the Song dynasty (960–1279).


Premise: How many individual ratings contributed to Metacritics score?

Hypothesis: " On Metacritic, the film has a rating of 60 out of 100, based on 48 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


Premise: Illegally killing, capturing or trapping an hunted species is called what?

Hypothesis: In the 2010s, lawful hunting is distinguished from poaching, which is the illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species.


Premise: Who conducts training of the cadets?

Hypothesis: The Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service (COATS) consists of officers and non-commissioned members who conduct training, safety, supervision and administration of nearly 60,000 cadets aged 12 to 18 years in the Canadian Cadet Movement.


Premise: Of what language family is Estonian a part of?

Hypothesis: It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.


Premise: What fraction of the population of North Carolina was enslaved in 1860?

Hypothesis: This was a smaller proportion than in many Southern states.


Premise: What happened in 1893 that destroyed most of the mosaics in the mosque?

Hypothesis: It is thought that the mosque used to have the largest gold mosaic in the world, at over 4 m2.


Premise: What population segment in China struggles to get follow-up care for TB infection?

Hypothesis: Mark Dybul: "we have the tools to end TB as a pandemic and public health threat on the planet, but we are not doing it.


Premise: Who was excluded from the German Nation State?

Hypothesis: It created the German Empire in 1871 as a German nation-state, effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein.


Premise: Oral traditions allowed what to become formalized in human cultures?

Hypothesis: Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.)


Premise: When was John Lofting born?

Hypothesis: Great Marlow Buckinghamshire 1742) an inventor, manufacturer and merchant of London.


Premise: What remained an important focus during the 1950s and 1960s?

Hypothesis: In general, there was a marked trend towards a pragmatic approach to political issues, rather than a philosophical one.


Premise: When did CBC discontinue its late-night broadcast of The National?

Hypothesis: Until October 2006, CBC owned-and-operated stations aired a second broadcast of the program at 11:00 p.m.; this later broadcast included only the main news portion of the program, and excluded the analysis and documentary segment.


Premise: What is KMC an initialism of?

Hypothesis: KMC's first international relationship was established in 1975 with the city of Eugene, Oregon, United States.


Premise: What was the nationality of anthropologist Peg LeVine?

Hypothesis: The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term


Premise: When did the Habsburgs  sell the Sundgau territory to France?

Hypothesis: Beset by enemies and seeking to gain a free hand in Hungary, the Habsburgs sold their Sundgau territory (mostly in Upper Alsace) to France in 1646, which had occupied it, for the sum of 1.2 million Thalers.


Premise: Who was elected the first female president of Africa?

Hypothesis: The subsequent 2005 elections were internationally regarded as the most free and fair in Liberian history.


Premise: What Continental Oil leader was Eisenhower tied to?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, Columbia University's liberal faculty members became disenchanted with the university president's ties to oilmen and businessmen, including Leonard McCollum, the president of Continental Oil; Frank Abrams, the chairman of Standard Oil of New Jersey; Bob Kleberg, the president of the King Ranch; H. J. Porter, a Texas oil executive; Bob Woodruff, the president of the Coca-Cola Corporation; and Clarence Francis, the chairman of General Foods.


Premise: What destroyed the palace?

Hypothesis: The palace itself, however, was largely destroyed by Allied bombing but is currently under reconstruction.[citation needed]


Premise: What game do the Bluejays play against the Expos?

Hypothesis: Several MLB teams used to play regular exhibition games during the year against nearby teams in the other major league, but regular-season interleague play has made such games unnecessary.


Premise: Increasing slope, thickness, snowfall, longitudinal confinement, basal temperature, and meltwater production result in increased what?

Hypothesis: Velocity increases with increasing slope, increasing thickness, increasing snowfall, increasing longitudinal confinement, increasing basal temperature, increasing meltwater production and reduced bed hardness.


Premise: Who was Apollo's sister?

Hypothesis: His original name is unknown, but it seems that he was absorbed by the more popular Apollo, who stood by the virgin "Mistress of the Animals", becoming her brother.


Premise: Who identified Ashkenaz with the Saquliba or Slavic territories?

Hypothesis: In the Yoma tractate of the Babylonian Talmud the name Gomer is rendered as Germania, which elsewhere in rabbinical literature was identified with Germanikia in northwestern Syria, but later became associated with Germania.


Premise: What was the criticism of judge Mohammad NAgi Shatata sentence of 188 member of Muslim Brotherhood for assaulting police station?

Hypothesis: In December 2014 the judge Mohammed Nagi Shahata, notorious for his fierceness in passing on death sentences, condemened to the capital penalty 188 members of the Muslim Brotherhood, for assaulting a police station.


Premise: Is there an agency that decides if someone is using the domain designation incorrectly?

Hypothesis: In the traditional domain noted in RFC 1591, .org is for "organizations that didn't fit anywhere else" in the naming system, which implies that it is the proper category for non-commercial organizations if they are not governmental, educational, or one of the other types with a specific TLD.


Premise: Along what fault line did the quake happen?

Hypothesis: According to a study by the China Earthquake Administration (CEA), the earthquake occurred along the Longmenshan fault, a thrust structure along the border of the Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate.


Premise: Who is the Lagrangian named after?

Hypothesis: This formalism is as fundamental as the Hamiltonian, and both can be used to derive the equations of motion or be derived from them.


Premise: The Bohr magneton is the magnetic moment of an electron under what restriction?

Hypothesis: The Bohr magneton and the nuclear magneton are units which are used to describe the magnetic properties of the electron and atomic nuclei respectively.


Premise: In what war did the armed forces from Argentina use the SAM Roland?

Hypothesis: In the 1982 Falklands War, the Argentine armed forces deployed the newest west European weapons including the Oerlikon GDF-002 35 mm twin cannon and SAM Roland.


Premise: Who refused to hear any contradictory views about Mary and her perceived inception ?

Hypothesis: The well-known words of St. Augustine (d. 430) may be cited: "As regards the mother of God," he says, "I will not allow any question whatever of sin.


Premise: What was Oklahoma cities gross metropolitan product in 2009?

Hypothesis: According to the Oklahoma City Chamber of Commerce, the metropolitan area's economic output grew by 33 percent between 2001 and 2005 due chiefly to economic diversification.


Premise: What kind of card will allow a cable-ready TV to display HD content without an external box?

Hypothesis: They have a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD.


Premise: What is another name for a one hour draw?

Hypothesis: Traditionally, a championship may not change hands in the event of a draw (though it may become vacant), though some promotions such as TNA have endorsed rules where the champion may lose a title by disqualification.


Premise: With what bill in Canada did granting assent by writing become effective?

Hypothesis: However, the act provides that a grant of royal assent is not rendered invalid by a failure to employ the traditional ceremony where required.


Premise: What does the letter of the abbreviated notation for the electrical characteristics of smaller capacitors represent?

Hypothesis: Smaller capacitors like ceramics, however, use a shorthand consisting of three numeric digits and a letter, where the digits indicate the capacitance in pF (calculated as XY × 10Z for digits XYZ) and the letter indicates the tolerance (J, K or M for ±5%, ±10% and ±20% respectively).


Premise: What does the JK Bridge cross?

Hypothesis: The Juscelino Kubitschek bridge, also known as the 'President JK Bridge' or the 'JK Bridge', crosses Lake Paranoá in Brasília.


Premise: Chinese spoken in Wu was influenced by Chinese spoken where?

Hypothesis: The same may be said of Hokkien as well, since some lexical meaning evolved in step with Mandarin while others are wholly innovative developments.


Premise: When did Geneva convert to Protestantism?

Hypothesis: The larger cities and their cantons (Bern, Geneva, Lausanne, Zürich and Basel) used to be predominantly Protestant.


Premise: When was Neptune first observed?

Hypothesis: Neptune was subsequently observed with a telescope on 23 September 1846 by Johann Galle within a degree of the position predicted by Urbain Le Verrier.


Premise: What impressed Liu Bei so much about Nanjing?

Hypothesis: Surrounded by the Yangtze River and mountains, Nanjing also enjoys beautiful natural scenery.


Premise: Who supposedly cancelled a trip to Beijing in protest?

Hypothesis: Chinese intelligence's expectations of points on the relay route that would be particularly 'vulnerable' to protesters were presented to the Indian ambassador to Beijing, Nirupama Sen.


Premise: What country has many students that attend Al-Rashid Islamic Institute?

Hypothesis: Due to its proximity to the US border city of Messina the school has historically had a high ratio of US students.


Premise: A reaction to Britain and France's actions was the emergence of what group in Egypt?

Hypothesis: " As often happens in countries undergoing social crisis, the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators and modernizers, such as Muhammad Abduh, largely had to yield to retrograde currents.


Premise: What percentage of the children in Hyderabad city had basic vaccinations in 2005?

Hypothesis: Only 61% of children had been provided with all basic vaccines (BCG, measles and full courses of polio and DPT), fewer than in all other surveyed cities except Meerut.:98


Premise: What is the country called in sessions of the United Nations?

Hypothesis: Burma continues to be used in English by the governments of many countries, such as Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom.


Premise: Setting national renewable energy targets can be an important part of what?

Hypothesis: Setting national renewable energy targets can be an important part of a renewable energy policy and these targets are usually defined as a percentage of the primary energy and/or electricity generation mix.


Premise: Who is responsible for the legally-bound obligations of the parties to a treaty?

Hypothesis: A treaty is an official, express written agreement that states use to legally bind themselves.


Premise: Capello resigned as England's football manager after a dispute over removing which player from team captaincy?

Hypothesis: In February 2012, Capello resigned from his role as England manager, following a disagreement with the FA over their request to remove John Terry from team captaincy after accusations of racial abuse concerning the player.


Premise: What was the primary nature of Germany's interest in the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: During its years of colonial rule, Japan moved more than 1,000 Japanese to the Marshall Islands although they never outnumbered the indigenous peoples as they did in the Mariana Islands and Palau.


Premise: What is the other superphylum besides protostomes?

Hypothesis: Bryzoa may be the most basal phylum (the one that first became distinctive) within the Lophotrochozoa, and the relationships between the other members are not yet known.


Premise: The continuous back and forth regarding the decisions on patents was referred to as what?

Hypothesis: The injunction was later reversed by a Berlin judge, but that reversal was in turn blocked the same day by another judge from the same court, "bringing the Patent Wild West to Germany" in the words of one commentator.


Premise: What did the Irish build during the Golden Age?

Hypothesis: As Europe, including Britain, descended into turmoil following the collapse of Roman civilisation, an era known as the Dark Ages, Ireland entered a golden age and responded with missions (first to Great Britain and then to the continent), the founding of monasteries and universities.


Premise: How many dams were damaged?

Hypothesis: In total, 391 dams, most of them small, were reported damaged by the quake.


Premise: Who won season eleven of American Idol?

Hypothesis: For five consecutive seasons, starting in season seven, the title was given to a white male who plays the guitar – a trend that Idol pundits call the "White guy with guitar" or "WGWG" factor.


Premise: What was the name of the city previously located on the site of Constantinople?

Hypothesis: In 330, after a period of civil war, Constantine the Great (r. 306–337) refounded the city of Byzantium as the newly renamed eastern capital, Constantinople.


Premise: What professor began working on solid-fuel rockets since 1914?

Hypothesis: Von Braun, himself inspired by Goddard's work, was bemused by this when debriefed by his American handlers, asking them, "Why didn't you just ask Dr. Goddard?"[citation needed]


Premise: How many factories were in Eritrea by 1939?

Hypothesis: In 1939, there were around 2,198 factories and most of the employees were Eritrean citizens.


Premise: Whose assumption of power ended the era of stagnation?

Hypothesis: Under his rule, the Russian SFSR and the rest of the Soviet Union went through an era of stagnation.


Premise: Who did Babangida appoint as head of an interim government when he finally stepped down?

Hypothesis: After Babangida survived an abortive coup, he pushed back the promised return to democracy to 1992.


Premise: What has the Mexican government promoted in some indigenous rural communities?

Hypothesis: The "General Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Peoples" grants all indigenous languages spoken in Mexico, regardless of the number of speakers, the same validity as Spanish in all territories in which they are spoken, and indigenous peoples are entitled to request some public services and documents in their native languages.


Premise: When was Madonna's daughter born?

Hypothesis: On October 14, 1996, Madonna gave birth to Lourdes Maria Ciccone Leon, her daughter with Leon.


Premise: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Clinton get?

Hypothesis: On the same day, John McCain won 54.4% of the borough's 5,643 Republican votes, Mitt Romney 20.8%, Mike Huckabee 8.2%, Ron Paul 7.4%, Rudy Giuliani 5.6%, and the other candidates (Fred Thompson, Duncan Hunter and Alan Keyes) 3.6% between them.


Premise: How many districts is the island of Saint Helena divided into?

Hypothesis: The island is a single electoral area and elects twelve representatives to the Legislative Council of fifteen.


Premise: Up until 2011, who manufactured sodium thiopental?

Hypothesis: In the 2010s, American jurisdictions have experienced a shortage of lethal injection drugs, due to anti-death penalty advocacy and low production volume.


Premise: What is the CIA's main focus?

Hypothesis: Though it is not the only U.S. government agency specializing in HUMINT, CIA serves as the national manager for coordination and deconfliction of HUMINT activities across the entire intelligence community.


Premise: What did Nasser move to the canal zone?

Hypothesis: Following Nasser's acceptance, Israel agreed to a ceasefire and Nasser used the lull in fighting to move SAM missiles towards the canal zone.


Premise: What percentage of voters voted against secession in Tennessee's February 1861 referendum?

Hypothesis: In February 1861, secessionists in Tennessee's state government—led by Governor Isham Harris—sought voter approval for a convention to sever ties with the United States, but Tennessee voters rejected the referendum by a 54–46% margin.


Premise: What eventually happened to Arius?

Hypothesis: It appears that Arius reproached Alexander for what he felt were misguided or heretical teachings being taught by the bishop.


Premise: How much of Nigeria has HIV as of 2012?

Hypothesis: HIV/AIDS rate in Nigeria is much lower compared to the other African nations such as Kenya or South Africa whose prevalence (percentage) rates are in the double digits.


Premise: During what period was the importance of having an Italian national language raised?

Hypothesis: During the Risorgimento, proponents of Italian republicanism and Italian nationalism, such as Alessandro Manzoni, stressed the importance of establishing a uniform national language in order to better create an Italian national identity.


Premise: What is the name of the earliest medical document?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, it applies the following components to the treatment of disease: examination, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, which display strong parallels to the basic empirical method of science and according to G. E. R. Lloyd played a significant role in the development of this methodology.


Premise: Who banned Roman Catholicism in Japan?

Hypothesis: Today, Christians are referred to in Standard Japanese as キリスト教徒, Kirisuto-kyōto or the English-derived term クリスチャン kurisuchan.


Premise: What papers reported on this incident?

Hypothesis: However, according to then-Secretary of State Colin Powell, the UNFPA contributed vehicles and computers to the Chinese to carry out their population control policies.


Premise: What rules did Ottoman prose have to follow?

Hypothesis: A large part of the reason for this was that much prose was expected to adhere to the rules of sec (سجع, also transliterated as seci), or rhymed prose, a type of writing descended from the Arabic saj' and which prescribed that between each adjective and noun in a string of words, such as a sentence, there must be a rhyme.


Premise: Where did Braque and Gris stay until the end of the World War I?

Hypothesis: Picasso worked in Montmartre until 1912, while Braque and Gris remained there until after the First World War.


Premise: Who did the Spanish want to take José Manuel González-Páramo's seat on the board?

Hypothesis: José Manuel González-Páramo, a Spanish member of the Executive Board since June 2004, was due to leave the board in early June 2012 and no replacement had been named as of late May 2012.


Premise: Does having unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners, and poor communication increase or decrease individual and social risk?

Hypothesis: Some qualities of adolescents' lives that are often correlated with risky sexual behavior include higher rates of experienced abuse, lower rates of parental support and monitoring.


Premise: What insect provides a tangible economic benefit via the production of silk?

Hypothesis: Silkworms and bees have been used extensively by humans for the production of silk and honey, respectively.


Premise: What was the profession of Christoph Meiners and Georg Forster?

Hypothesis: In the last two decades of the 18th century, the theory of polygenism, the belief that different races had evolved separately in each continent and shared no common ancestor, was advocated in England by historian Edward Long and anatomist Charles White, in Germany by ethnographers Christoph Meiners and Georg Forster, and in France by Julien-Joseph Virey.


Premise: The pleura is made of how many lateral regions?

Hypothesis: The dorsal surface is called the tergum (or notum) to distinguish it from the abdominal terga.


Premise: What is believed to be the glycemic index in beer?

Hypothesis: It is considered that overeating and lack of muscle tone is the main cause of a beer belly, rather than beer consumption.


Premise: Service was mandatory for all men sharing which feature?

Hypothesis: Rather than advancing in a column or line formation, Prussian infantry moved in small groups that were harder to target by artillery or French defensive fire.


Premise: Who were the protesters remembering?

Hypothesis: On June 14, 1987, about 5,000 people gathered again at Freedom Monument in Riga, and laid flowers to commemorate the anniversary of Stalin's mass deportation of Latvians in 1941.


Premise: In what order are words put in sentences in the Estonian language?

Hypothesis: The basic word order is subject–verb–object.


Premise: In 1650, settlers from what colony moved in to Albemarie Sound?

Hypothesis: In 1710, owing to disputes over governance, the Carolina colony began to split into North Carolina and South Carolina.


Premise: How many of China Unicom's towers were cut?

Hypothesis: China Unicom's service in Wenchuan and four nearby counties was cut off, with more than 700 towers suspended.


Premise: Where did travelers early in the Middle Ages often find lodgings?

Hypothesis: The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders.


Premise: How many votes did Ruben Studdard win by?

Hypothesis: Out of a total of 24 million votes, Studdard finished just 134,000 votes ahead of Aiken.


Premise: Who's basic work in the area of coral reefs did the Royal Society's investigations follow?

Hypothesis: This investigation followed the work on The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs conducted by Charles Darwin in the Pacific.


Premise: What area of Southampton did Mitchell hail from?

Hypothesis: Its designer, R J Mitchell, lived in the Portswood area of Southampton, and his house is today marked with a blue plaque.


Premise: In what text is Shaivism recounted?

Hypothesis: However, the Śvetāśvatara Upanishad (400 – 200 BCE) is considered to be the earliest textual exposition of a systematic philosophy of Shaivism.


Premise: What year was Cyprus annexed by Britain?

Hypothesis: Cyprus was placed under British administration based on Cyprus Convention in 1878 and formally annexed by Britain in 1914.


Premise: Besides calcium, coated paper has a thin layer of what?

Hypothesis: Coated paper has a thin layer of material such as calcium carbonate or china clay applied to one or both sides in order to create a surface more suitable for high-resolution halftone screens.


Premise: Who observed that the policy became "the text, the whole text, and nothing but the text"?

Hypothesis: In regard to accuracy, observes J.M. Cohen, the policy became "the text, the whole text, and nothing but the text", except for any bawdy passages and the addition of copious explanatory footnotes.


Premise: Approximately how many Chinatowns exist in New York City?

Hypothesis: The metropolitan area is also home to 20% of the nation's Indian Americans and at least 20 Little India enclaves, as well as 15% of all Korean Americans and four Koreatowns; the largest Asian Indian population in the Western Hemisphere; the largest Russian American, Italian American, and African American populations; the largest Dominican American, Puerto Rican American, and South American and second-largest overall Hispanic population in the United States, numbering 4.8 million; and includes at least 6 established Chinatowns within New York City alone, with the urban agglomeration comprising a population of 779,269 overseas Chinese as of 2013 Census estimates, the largest outside of Asia.


Premise: Where is St Greggorys abbey

Hypothesis: The Episcopal seat of the Bishop of Bath and Wells is now in the Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew in the city of Wells, having previously been at Bath Abbey.


Premise: What do the findings in the graveyards show evidence of?

Hypothesis: Medicine: Findings from Neolithic graveyards in what is now


Premise: What is the name of the kingdom that became dominant along the coastline of Myanmar?

Hypothesis: The valley too was beset with petty states until the late 14th century when two sizeable powers, Ava Kingdom and Hanthawaddy Kingdom, emerged.


Premise: In which season of American Idol did Steven Tyler and Jennifer Lopez become judges?

Hypothesis: Season ten of the series premiered on January 19, 2011.


Premise: When was a second round announced?

Hypothesis: It was poorly received, and in 1986 the authorities rescinded the second round completely, while making six revisions to the 1964 list, including the restoration of three traditional characters that had been simplified: 叠 dié, 覆 fù, 像 xiàng.


Premise: What was instrumentalism a modification of?

Hypothesis: John Dewey (1859–1952) modified James' pragmatism to form a theory known as instrumentalism.


Premise: How tall is the biggest Buddha statue in Europe?

Hypothesis: It shelters the biggest Buddha statue in Europe, more than nine metres high.


Premise: How much of near-shore marine annelids are burrowing?

Hypothesis: Earthworms are Oligochaetes that support terrestrial food chains both as prey and in some regions are important in aeration and enriching of soil.


Premise: In defense of Tarentum, when did Agathocles attack Italy?

Hypothesis: Agathocles extended his power throughout most of the Greek cities in Sicily, fought a long war with the Carthaginians, at one point invading Tunisia in 310 and defeating a Carthaginian army there.


Premise: What have the authorities produced in response to these requests?

Hypothesis: The primary response by Antarctic Treaty Parties has been to develop, through their Committee for Environmental Protection and in partnership with IAATO, "site use guidelines" setting landing limits and closed or restricted zones on the more frequently visited sites.


Premise: What condition along with complications for the plastic surgery caused the death of Donda West?

Hypothesis: The Los Angeles County coroner's office said in January 2008 that West had died of heart disease while suffering "multiple post-operative factors" after plastic surgery.


Premise: What are the usual reasons for an automatic disqualification?

Hypothesis: In practice, not all rule violations will result in a disqualification as the referee may use their own judgement and is not obligated to stop the match.


Premise: What does MIH stand for?

Hypothesis: These Y-linked proteins would not be recognized in the mother's immune system because she is female, causing her to develop antibodies which would travel through the placental barrier into the fetal compartment.


Premise: When did South Africa impose the apartheid policy on Namibia?

Hypothesis: In 1920, the League of Nations mandated the country to South Africa, which imposed its laws and, from 1948, its apartheid policy.


Premise: What did Napoleon eliminate in October 1805?

Hypothesis: After returning from Egypt, Napoleon engineered a coup in November 1799 and became First Consul of the Republic.


Premise: On what date did Napoleon's alliance overthrow the Directory?

Hypothesis: He drew together an alliance with director Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, his brother Lucien, speaker of the Council of Five Hundred Roger Ducos, director Joseph Fouché, and Talleyrand, and they overthrew the Directory by a coup d'état on 9 November 1799 ("the 18th Brumaire" according to the revolutionary calendar), closing down the council of five hundred.


Premise: Which Total War game has an expansion set during the Heian period?

Hypothesis: The game Total War: Shogun 2 has the Rise of the Samurai expansion pack as downloadable campaign.


Premise: Comics continue to thrive regardless of the decrease in what market?

Hypothesis: From the 1980s, mainstream sensibilities were reasserted and serialization became less common as the number of comics magazines decreased and many comics began to be published directly as albums.


Premise: By 2015 what was Seattle's population?

Hypothesis: In July 2013 it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States, and remained in the top five in May 2015 with an annual growth rate of 2.1%.


Premise: What is the second busiest airport in the New York metro area?

Hypothesis: New York's airspace is the busiest in the United States and one of the world's busiest air transportation corridors.


Premise: What country had a record-setting 2 million new cases of TB in 2007?

Hypothesis: In 2007, the country with the highest estimated incidence rate of TB was Swaziland, with 1,200 cases per 100,000 people.


Premise: What is used to determine whether federal judicial power extends to formulating binding precedent?

Hypothesis: The difficult question is whether federal judicial power extends to formulating binding precedent through strict adherence to the rule of stare decisis.


Premise: Segments of the Farmington Canal is also part of which bicycle trail?

Hypothesis: The trail is part of the East Coast Greenway, a proposed 3,000-mile (4,800 km) bike path that would link every major city on the East Coast from Florida to Maine.


Premise: To whom did Napoleon send a letter detailing his plans for the campaign with Prussia?

Hypothesis: As in previous campaigns, his fundamental objective was to destroy one opponent before reinforcements from another could tip the balance of the war.


Premise: In what district of London is The Canonbury Tavern located?

Hypothesis: The Fitzroy Tavern is a pub situated at 16 Charlotte Street in the Fitzrovia district, to which it gives its name.


Premise: Sir Edwin Lutyens' city planning in what city marked a shift in design?

Hypothesis: In Scotland and the north of England, where the Gothic Revival was less strong, architects continued to develop the neoclassical style of William Henry Playfair.


Premise: Who was the first American Idol contestant to return to the show as a mentor?

Hypothesis: That week, Adam Lambert was invited back to be a mentor, the first Idol alum to do so.


Premise: In what year did von Neumann publish the paper Numerical Integration of the Barotropic Vorticity Equation

Hypothesis: Von Neumann's interest in weather systems and meteorological prediction led him to propose manipulating the environment by spreading colorants on the polar ice caps to enhance absorption of solar radiation (by reducing the albedo).


Premise: What is the floor exercise events performed on now?

Hypothesis: Gymnasts perform a choreographed routine up to 90 seconds in the floor exercise event; Depending on the level, they may choose their own, or, if known as a "compulsory gymnast," default music must be played.


Premise: Where is Egypt planning to build is first nuclear power plant?

Hypothesis: Egypt was producing 691,000 bbl/d of oil and 2,141.05 Tcf of natural gas (in 2013), which makes Egypt as the largest oil producer not member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and the second-largest dry natural gas producer in Africa.


Premise: Who was the diplomat for UNTAG?

Hypothesis: This was won by SWAPO although it did not gain the two-thirds majority it had hoped for; the South African-backed Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) became the official opposition.


Premise: The RAF bombed what Germany coast?

Hypothesis: May 1940 – the day after the Luftwaffe destroyed the centre of Rotterdam – the RAF also carried out operations east of the Rhine, attacking industrial and transportation targets.


Premise: Who produces estimates of worldwide losses attributable to security breaches?

Hypothesis: Serious financial damage has been caused by security breaches, but because there is no standard model for estimating the cost of an incident, the only data available is that which is made public by the organizations involved. "


Premise: Who was the first to use the tragic octoroon?

Hypothesis: The figure of the "tragic octoroon" was a stock character of abolitionist literature: a mixed-race woman raised as if a white woman in her white father's household, until his bankruptcy or death has her reduced to a menial position She may even be unaware of her status before being reduced to victimization.


Premise: During development, the brain is made up of three swellings at the front of what?

Hypothesis: In its earliest form, the brain appears as three swellings at the front end of the neural tube; these swellings eventually become the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain (the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon, respectively).


Premise: How much money did Merck make from sales of Zocor and Mevacor?

Hypothesis: In 1995, Zocor and Mevacor both made Merck over US$1 billion.


Premise: What type of accomidations are domesticated turkey normally grown in?

Hypothesis: Many different breeds have been developed, but the majority of commercial birds are white, as this improves the appearance of the dressed carcass, the pin feathers being less visible.


Premise: What company owns TCM and Warner Bros.?

Hypothesis: However, TCM now has licensing deals with other Hollywood film studios as well as its Time Warner sister company, Warner Bros. (which now controls the Turner Entertainment library and its own later films), and occasionally shows more recent films.


Premise: Where was the decision made for this council?

Hypothesis: Far from being a mere "stopgap" pope, to great excitement, John XXIII called for an ecumenical council fewer than ninety years after the First Vatican Council (Vatican I's predecessor, the Council of Trent, had been held in the 16th century).


Premise: What theory says that long-distance running drove the evolution of some human traits?

Hypothesis: According to the endurance running hypothesis, long-distance running as in persistence hunting, a method still practiced by some hunter-gatherer groups in modern times, was likely the driving evolutionary force leading to the evolution of certain human characteristics.


Premise: When did the Board of Trustees pass a resolution to desegregate the Washington University undergraduate division?

Hypothesis: The process of desegregation at Washington University began in 1947 with the School of Medicine and the School of Social Work.


Premise: R-7 Semyorka rocket resembled closely to what other missile?

Hypothesis: Although some of its components (notably boosters) still resembled the German G-4, the new rocket incorporated staged design, a completely new control system, and a new fuel.


Premise: Who defended the Cubists in the controversy of 1912?

Hypothesis: The Cubists were defended by the Socialist deputy, Marcel Sembat.


Premise: What system did Rutherford eliminate in 1932?

Hypothesis: In 1932, Rutherford eliminated the system of locally elected elders and in 1938, introduced what he called a "theocratic" (literally, God-ruled) organizational system, under which appointments in congregations worldwide were made from the Brooklyn headquarters.


Premise: How much of Iran's 33k megawatt installed capacity was based on natural gas?

Hypothesis: Of that amount, about 75% was based on natural gas, 18% on oil, and 7% on hydroelectric power.


Premise: What was it about the utilitatian beliefs that humanism believers did not like?

Hypothesis: Humanists reacted against this utilitarian approach and the narrow pedantry associated with it.


Premise: Who is in charge of these Change in Operational Control missions?

Hypothesis: The organizational structure as shown above is responsible for the peacetime organization, equipping, and training of aerospace units for operational missions.


Premise: What medals did Kerry win?

Hypothesis: He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes.


Premise: What was the name of the group that waged war in the Baltic?

Hypothesis: The former German state of Prussia took its name from the Baltic Prussians, although it was led by Germans who had assimilated the Old Prussians; the old Prussian language was extinct by the 17th or early 18th century.


Premise: What show helped launched the career of Carrie Underwood?

Hypothesis: As one of the most successful shows on U.S. television history, American Idol has a strong impact not just on television, but also in the wider world of entertainment.


Premise: Who believes Serbo-Croatian is one language with multiple variants?

Hypothesis: Enisa Kafadar argues that there is only one Serbo-Croatian language with several varieties.


Premise: On what date was Vatican II re convened?

Hypothesis: After his election as Bishop of Rome, Paul VI first met with the priests in his new dioceses.


Premise: What manager in the late 1990s brought success to Arsenal?

Hypothesis: The club's success in the late 1990s and first decade of the 21st century owed a great deal to the 1996 appointment of Arsène Wenger as manager.


Premise: How did the Ciccone siblings behaved towards anyone brought to their home to replace their beloved mother?

Hypothesis: The Ciccone siblings resented housekeepers and invariably rebelled against anyone brought into their home ostensibly to take the place of their beloved mother.


Premise: What two activities did Frédéric do while visiting for a day in Düsseldorf with Mendelssohn and Hiller?

Hypothesis: In 1835 Chopin went to Carlsbad, where he spent time with his parents; it was the last time he would see them.


Premise: Why was denying supplies important to the western countries?

Hypothesis: In an effort to discourage Japanese militarism, Western powers including Australia, the United States, Britain, and the Dutch government in exile, which controlled the petroleum-rich Dutch East Indies, stopped selling oil, iron ore, and steel to Japan, denying it the raw materials needed to continue its activities in China and French Indochina.


Premise: What engineer was recruited by Becker and Dornberger to join their secret program?

Hypothesis: Wernher von Braun, a young engineering prodigy, was recruited by Becker and Dornberger to join their secret army program at Kummersdorf-West in 1932.


Premise: In Germany, what do servers do to serve beer in beer gardens?

Hypothesis: By the early 1970s there was a tendency to change to one large drinking room and breweries were eager to invest in interior design and theming.


Premise: What conditions are more likely to cause Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction?

Hypothesis: While it may occur with any weather conditions it is more common when it is dry and cold.


Premise: What company was forced to sell its interest in NBCUniversal as part of the purchase deal?

Hypothesis: Vivendi, which owns 20%, would have to sell its stake to GE.


Premise: What hapend in the early 19th century

Hypothesis: In the early 19th century, the role of Utrecht as a fortified town had become obsolete.


Premise: Who designed the New York Life Building?

Hypothesis: On Madison Avenue between 26th and 27th streets, on the site of the old Madison Square Garden, is the New York Life Building, built in 1928 and designed by Cass Gilbert, with a square tower topped by a striking gilded pyramid.


Premise: When was the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka created?

Hypothesis: In Sri Lanka, the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka was created in 1972 after the adoption of a new Constitution.


Premise: What form of expression did the Roman Horace practice?

Hypothesis: " The family ate together, sitting on stools around a table.


Premise: How many people currently have membership to the BHS?

Hypothesis: In 1938, the first formal men's barbershop organization was formed, known as the Society for the Preservation and Encouragement of Barber Shop Quartet Singing in America (S.P.E.B.S.Q.S.A), and in 2004 rebranded itself and officially changed its public name to the Barbershop Harmony Society (BHS).


Premise: What did The West do to disuade Japan in China and French Indochina?

Hypothesis: In Japan, the government and nationalists viewed these embargos as acts of aggression; imported oil made up about 80% of domestic consumption, without which Japan's economy, let alone its military, would grind to a halt.


Premise: By what percentage did available jobs increase in Southampton between 1995 and 2004?

Hypothesis: Between 1995 and 2004, the number of jobs in Southampton has increased by 18.5 per cent.


Premise: Where was LaserDisc first available?

Hypothesis: Initially licensed, sold, and marketed as MCA DiscoVision (also known as simply "DiscoVision") in North America in 1978, the technology was previously referred to internally as Optical Videodisc System, Reflective Optical Videodisc, Laser Optical Videodisc, and Disco-Vision (with a dash), with the first players referring to the format as "Video Long Play".


Premise: When did Dong Zhuo die?

Hypothesis: Dong Zhuo later poisoned Emperor Shao.


Premise: How often do kids get diarrhea in developing countries?

Hypothesis: Frequent episodes of diarrhea are also a common cause of malnutrition and the most common cause in those younger than five years of age.


Premise: What does D-VHS stand for?

Hypothesis: HDTV can be recorded to D-VHS (Digital-VHS or Data-VHS), W-VHS (analog only), to an HDTV-capable digital video recorder (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receivers, or TiVo's Series 3 or HD recorders), or an HDTV-ready HTPC.


Premise: By what year did fewer than 240 wealthy Europeans hold all the pastoral licenses?

Hypothesis: The British Colonial Office appointed five Aboriginal Protectors for the Aborigines of Victoria, in 1839, however their work was nullified by a land policy that favoured squatters to take possession of Aboriginal lands.


Premise: What fraction of Escherichia coli's essential genes are orthologs?

Hypothesis: Half of these genes are orthologs in both organisms and are largely involved in protein synthesis.


Premise: When can software defects in dead code cause problems?

Hypothesis: For example, defects in dead code will never result in failures.


Premise: In addition to preventing a power from overstepping their agreement, how was Ethiopia able to mitigate the impact of European colonization?

Hypothesis: In some rare cases, such as with Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China, the local governments were able to use the treaties to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization.


Premise: Why was the presidential debate canceled in 1996 at Washington University?

Hypothesis: A presidential debate was planned to occur in 1996, but owing to scheduling difficulties between the candidates, the debate was canceled.


Premise: What is the system called that allows local residents to rent bicycles?

Hypothesis: In the early 21st century, the population of Paris began to increase slowly again, as more young people moved into the city.


Premise: What surrounded the neighborhood of Ciudad Vieja?

Hypothesis: Others grew up around certain industrial sites, including the salt-curing works of Villa del Cerro and the tanneries in Nuevo París.


Premise: Affirmative action does not only attempt to remove disadvantages, but also to ensure what about the number of people in a field?

Hypothesis: Affirmative action in the United States tends to focus on issues such as education and employment, specifically granting special consideration to racial minorities, Native Americans, and women who have been historically excluded groups in America.


Premise: When did cities like Diventer and Zutphen start becoming more linguistically diverse?

Hypothesis: From the 14th to 15th century onward, its urban centers (Deventer, Zwolle and Kampen as well as Zutphen and Doesburg) have been increasingly influenced by the western written Dutch and became a linguistically mixed area.


Premise: What from of Hinduism does not believe in panentheism?

Hypothesis: Pantheism holds that God is the universe and the universe is God, whereas Panentheism holds that God contains, but is not identical to, the Universe.


Premise: Prior to what year were the reports used to assess sea level rise?

Hypothesis: The degree of uncertainty as to estimates of sea level change relative to the islands of Tuvalu was reflected in the conclusions made in 2002 from the available data.


Premise: What region of Lithuania was to be turned over to the Nazis?

Hypothesis: The USSR annexed the whole of Lithuania, including the Scheschupe area, which was to be given to Germany.


Premise: How many cultures may have fused together in Eridu?

Hypothesis: The Sumerian city of Eridu, on the coast of the Persian Gulf, is considered to have been the world's first city, where three separate cultures may have fused — that of peasant Ubaidian farmers, living in mud-brick huts and practicing irrigation; that of mobile nomadic Semitic pastoralists living in black tents and following herds of sheep and goats; and that of fisher folk, living in reed huts in the marshlands, who may have been the ancestors of the Sumerians.


Premise: Who took over after Athanasius?

Hypothesis: Through the influence of the Eusebian faction at Constantinople, an Arian bishop, George of Cappadocia, was now appointed to rule the see of Alexandria.


Premise: What did Elizabeth call her past year?

Hypothesis: The year ended with a lawsuit as the Queen sued The Sun newspaper for breach of copyright when it published the text of her annual Christmas message two days before it was broadcast.


Premise: Who wrote a book describing a cold region in 350 B.C.?

Hypothesis: Aristotle wrote in his book Meteorology about an Antarctic region in c. 350 B.C. Marinus of Tyre reportedly used the name in his unpreserved world map from the 2nd century A.D.


Premise: Who implored slaveholders to free their slaves?

Hypothesis: In connection with the Second Great Awakening, Quaker and Methodist preachers in the South urged slaveholders to free their slaves.


Premise: Which police force in London does not typically engage in police activity with the general public?

Hypothesis: Policing in Greater London, with the exception of the City of London, is provided by the Metropolitan Police Service, overseen by the Mayor through the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime (MOPAC).


Premise: What time of day is The Procession?

Hypothesis: The parade is followed by performances on an outdoor stage, culminating in the burning of an urn in which written prayers have been collected from participants and spectators.


Premise: What does CFL stand for?

Hypothesis: Compact fluorescent lamps (aka 'CFLs') use less power to supply the same amount of light as an incandescent lamp, however they contain mercury which is a dispose hazard.


Premise: What is the highest possible color rendering index score?

Hypothesis: White-balancing is still required to avoid too "warm" or "cool" colors, but this is a simple process that requires only the color temperature in Kelvin as input for modern, digital visual reproduction equipment such as video or still cameras unless it is completely automated.


Premise: What style of architecture partially survived the war?

Hypothesis: Pockets of Georgian architecture survived the war, but much of the city was levelled.


Premise: Where was Nasser believed to be a spokesman for the poor and oppressed?

Hypothesis: The official reason given for the nationalization was that funds from the canal would be used for the construction of the dam in Aswan.


Premise: What company made The End of History beer in 2010?

Hypothesis: The product claimed to be the strongest beer made is Schorschbräu's 2011 Schorschbock 57 with 57,5%.


Premise: What did Johannes Kepler's model suggest about the planets?

Hypothesis: This was followed by the first known model of planetary motion given by Johannes Kepler in the early 17th century, which proposed that the planets follow elliptical orbits, with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse.


Premise: How many proteins is typical flagellum consist os?

Hypothesis: Bacterial species differ in the number and arrangement of flagella on their surface; some have a single flagellum (monotrichous), a flagellum at each end (amphitrichous), clusters of flagella at the poles of the cell (lophotrichous), while others have flagella distributed over the entire surface of the cell (peritrichous).


Premise: Why might Sony have reduced the number of ports on the PlayStation 3 before production?

Hypothesis: The initial prototype shown in May 2005 featured two HDMI ports, three Ethernet ports and six USB ports; however, when the system was shown again a year later at E3 2006, these were reduced to one HDMI port, one Ethernet port and four USB ports, presumably to cut costs.


Premise: What is the operational environment that Space Control depends on?

Hypothesis: Space Control is defined as "operations to ensure freedom of action in space for the US and its allies and, when directed, deny an adversary freedom of action in space.


Premise: What was the price per square meter of 660 Madison Avenue in June 2007?

Hypothesis: According to Forbes, in 2014, Manhattan was home to six of the top ten zip codes in the United States by median housing price.


Premise: When did the use of agriculture begin it's spread?

Hypothesis: Agriculture originated and spread in several different areas including the Middle East, Asia, Mesoamerica, and the Andes beginning as early as 12,000 years ago.


Premise: Socioeconomic factors and enduring views on race has led to what for certain racial groups?

Hypothesis: Socioeconomic factors, in combination with early but enduring views of race, have led to considerable suffering within disadvantaged racial groups.


Premise: What are Tibetan Muslims known as?

Hypothesis: In Tibetan cities, there are small communities of Muslims, known as Kachee (Kache), who trace their origin to immigrants from three main regions: Kashmir (Kachee Yul in ancient Tibetan), Ladakh and the Central Asian Turkic countries.


Premise: When did the confinement of Moroccan Jews in mellahs begin?

Hypothesis: Notable exceptions include the massacre of Jews and forcible conversion of some Jews by the rulers of the Almohad dynasty in Al-Andalus in the 12th century, as well as in Islamic Persia, and the forced confinement of Moroccan Jews to walled quarters known as mellahs beginning from the 15th century and especially in the early 19th century.


Premise: When did the Gurkhas come into power?

Hypothesis: They came into direct conflict with the British along the tarai belt after which the British expelled them from the provinces of the Satluj.


Premise: What historical event once again freed Estonia?

Hypothesis: Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.


Premise: Where did the Armenians emigrate from?

Hypothesis: This style preserved the folk songs and dances of Western Armenia, and many artists also played the contemporary popular songs of Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries from which the Armenians emigrated.


Premise: What chains typically cater to bargain shoppers?

Hypothesis: Other large chains are Coppel and Elektra, which offer items for the bargain price seeker.


Premise: Distinctive Vinaya and ethics are contained within what sutra?

Hypothesis: In Japan, this has almost completely displaced the monastic vinaya, and allows clergy to marry.


Premise: Where does the state's name mean?

Hypothesis: Cox complained that the name was a misnomer given that most of the territory was not mountainous and that a Native American name would be more appropriate than a Spanish one.


Premise: What replaced the Macintosh Portable in 1991?

Hypothesis: Although due to considerable design issues, it was soon replaced in 1991 with the first of the PowerBook line: the PowerBook 100, a miniaturized portable; the 16 MHz 68030 PowerBook 140; and the 25 MHz 68030 PowerBook 170.


Premise: What types of instruments do irish player prefer?

Hypothesis: Though almost any variety of acoustic mandolin might be adequate for Irish traditional music, virtually all Irish players prefer flat-backed instruments with oval sound holes to the Italian-style bowl-back mandolins or the carved-top mandolins with f-holes favoured by bluegrass mandolinists.


Premise: Where did Britain take slaves it seized from traders?

Hypothesis: It stopped ships of other nations that were leaving the African coast with slaves; the seized slaves were taken to Freetown, a colony in West Africa originally established for the resettlement of freed slaves from Britain.


Premise: Which two world leaders had negotiations that relieved the Cold War?

Hypothesis: In May 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev negotiated an easing of relations known as detente, creating a temporary "thaw" in the Cold War.


Premise: How many students does the University of Houston have?

Hypothesis: The University of Houston–Clear Lake and the University of Houston–Downtown are stand-alone universities; they are not branch campuses of the University of Houston.


Premise: When was the second constitutional convention held?

Hypothesis: In July 1889, Montanans convened their third constitutional convention and produced a constitution acceptable by the people and the federal government.


Premise: How does Forbe's believe the Arsenal club was worth in 2015?

Hypothesis: Forbes estimates the club was worth $1.3 billion in 2015.


Premise: English mysticism was composed of how many elements?

Hypothesis: This type of mysticism carried with it four elements.


Premise: From what millennium do the oldest cemeteries in the Horn of Africa date?

Hypothesis: The oldest evidence of burial customs in the Horn of Africa comes from cemeteries in Somalia dating back to 4th millennium BC.


Premise: Arizona is south of which river?

Hypothesis: Arizona, south of the Gila River was legally bought from Mexico in the Gadsden Purchase on June 8, 1854.


Premise: Why does genocide often go unpunished?

Hypothesis: Yet is commonly seen to escape the process of trial and prosecution due to the fact that genocide is more often than not committed by the officials in power of a state or area.


Premise: Carrefour was boycotted because of which shareholder?

Hypothesis: In China, a call to boycott French hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama.


Premise: Why was Professor David Graeber retired during the strike?

Hypothesis: Professor David Graeber was 'retired' after he came to the defense of a student who was involved in campus labor issues.


Premise: Which team became the main tenant of the arena in 2008?

Hypothesis: Chesapeake Energy Arena in downtown is the principal multipurpose arena in the city which hosts concerts, NHL exhibition games, and many of the city's pro sports teams.


Premise: What country did the Romans continue to expand to after Rome was sacked?

Hypothesis: The First Samnite War from 343 BC to 341 BC was relatively short: the Romans beat the Samnites in two battles, but were forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict further due to the revolt of several of their Latin allies in the Latin War.


Premise: What was the average GPA for the accepted students in 2013?

Hypothesis: The average GPA for these admitted students was 3.82.


Premise: When was the Recommended Exposure Index introduced?

Hypothesis: The Recommended Exposure Index (REI) technique, new in the 2006 version of the standard, allows the manufacturer to specify a camera model’s EI choices arbitrarily.