Premise: What does the American Physocological Association say that sexual orientation refers to?

Hypothesis: The American Psychological Association states that "[s]exual orientation refers to an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions to men, women, or both sexes" and that "[t]his range of behaviors and attractions has been described in various cultures and nations throughout the world.


Premise: What is the study of heresy?

Hypothesis: The term heresy is from Greek αἵρεσις originally meant "choice" or "thing chosen", but it came to mean the "party or school of a man's choice" and also referred to that process whereby a young person would examine various philosophies to determine how to live.


Premise: Who votes for the winning contestants starting with the semi-final round?

Hypothesis: The contestants are voted for by the viewing public, and the outcome of the public votes is then revealed in the results show typically on the following night.


Premise: What area of the River Thames does the Port of London Authority's jurisdiction cover?

Hypothesis: It is run by the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority and is the third largest fire service in the world.


Premise: What is the largest university library?

Hypothesis: There are several academic libraries and archives in Paris.


Premise: What is included in the second part of the critical apparatus?

Hypothesis: The critical apparatus presents the author's work in three parts: first, a list or description of the evidence that the editor used (names of manuscripts, or abbreviations called sigla); second, the editor's analysis of that evidence (sometimes a simple likelihood rating),[citation needed]; and third, a record of rejected variants of the text (often in order of preference).[citation needed]


Premise: How many votes does each Football Association Premier League Ltd (FAPL) club have on issues?

Hypothesis: Each club is a shareholder, with one vote each on issues such as rule changes and contracts.


Premise: UNFPA has  been accused of supporting what type of abortion?

Hypothesis: UNFPA has been falsely accused by anti-family planning groups of providing support for government programs which have promoted forced-abortions and coercive sterilizations.


Premise: How close did von Bellingshausen and Lazarev come to Antarctica?

Hypothesis: The expedition led by von Bellingshausen and Lazarev on the ships Vostok and Mirny reached a point within 32 km (20 mi) from Queen Maud's Land and recorded the sight of an ice shelf at 69°21′28″S 2°14′50″W / 69.35778°S 2.24722°W


Premise: Who controlled the media in the Congo in 2008

Hypothesis: There is one government-owned television station and around 10 small private television channels.


Premise: What does the field of anthrozoology overlap with?

Hypothesis: A major focus of anthrozoologic research is the quantifying of the positive effects of human-animal relationships on either party and the study of their interactions.


Premise: When was Scouting established on Saint Helena?

Hypothesis: Scouting was established on Saint Helena island in 1912.


Premise: What is the focus of the Congo's industrial production?

Hypothesis: Petroleum extraction has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy.


Premise: What can be used as a intrinsic component of landscape projects?

Hypothesis: Indoor lighting is usually accomplished using light fixtures, and is a key part of interior design.


Premise: What is the best-known medieval Chinese name for Tibet?

Hypothesis: This name first appears in Chinese characters as 土番 in the 7th century (Li Tai) and as 吐蕃 in the 10th-century (Old Book of Tang describing 608–609 emissaries from Tibetan King Namri Songtsen to Emperor Yang of Sui).


Premise: What is retroactive interference?

Hypothesis: There is retroactive interference, when learning new information makes it harder to recall old information and proactive interference, where prior learning disrupts recall of new information.


Premise: What results did proper religious practices produce?

Hypothesis: Religious law centered on the ritualised system of honours and sacrifice that brought divine blessings, according to the principle do ut des ("I give, that you might give").


Premise: What type of copy can gene duplication sometimes result in?

Hypothesis: The most common source of new genes in eukaryotic lineages is gene duplication, which creates copy number variation of an existing gene in the genome.


Premise: How often was al-Zahf al-Akhdar published?

Hypothesis: Responsible for perpetuating revolutionary fervour, they performed ideological surveillance, later adopting a significant security role, making arrests and putting people on trial according to the "law of the revolution" (qanun al-thawra).


Premise: When was the Oklahoma City Bombing?

Hypothesis: The Oklahoma City bombing of April 19, 1995, in which Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols detonated an explosive outside of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, killed 168 people, including 19 children.


Premise: Where is the CJIS located?

Hypothesis: The Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Division, is located in Clarksburg, West Virginia.


Premise: On what date was the Garde Nationale empowered to hoist a red flag to signal their intervention in a riot?

Hypothesis: A law adopted by the new government on October 20, 1789 authorized the Garde Nationale to raise the red flag in the event of a riot, to signal that the Garde would imminently intervene.


Premise: What type of system does London Underground use?

Hypothesis: The same system was used for Milan's earliest underground line, Milan Metro's line 1, whose more recent lines use an overhead catenary or a third rail.


Premise: Who did Bell get to read his work?

Hypothesis: Ellis immediately wrote back indicating that the experiments were similar to existing work in Germany, and also lent Bell a copy of Hermann von Helmholtz's work, The Sensations of Tone as a Physiological Basis for the Theory of Music.


Premise: How many public universities are located in Melbourne?

Hypothesis: Melbourne is the home of seven public universities: the University of Melbourne, Monash University, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Deakin University, La Trobe University, Swinburne University of Technology and Victoria University.


Premise: UCL Partners is the largest type of what facility in Europe?

Hypothesis: London is home to five major medical schools – Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (part of Queen Mary), King's College London School of Medicine (the largest medical school in Europe), Imperial College School of Medicine, UCL Medical School and St George's, University of London – and has a large number of affiliated teaching hospitals.


Premise: Who did the Luftwaffe try to lure into battle using its bombers?

Hypothesis: In the last days of the battle, the bombers became lures in an attempt to draw the RAF into combat with German fighters.


Premise: Upon what are kings of Scots coronated?

Hypothesis: King Edward's Chair (or St Edward's Chair), the throne on which English and British sovereigns have been seated at the moment of coronation, is housed within the abbey and has been used at every coronation since 1308.


Premise: What are vowel sounds never reduced to when unstressed?

Hypothesis: Vowels are never reduced to schwa sounds when unstressed.


Premise: What statement of note was given by a great philosopher from Greece written by another great philosopher ?

Hypothesis: This image is attested by the map of the Old Greek Diaspora, which corresponded to the Greek world until the creation of the Greek state in 1832.


Premise: What was the name of Estêvão Gomes's ship?

Hypothesis: The first scientific map to show the North American East coast continuously, the 1527 world map known as the Padrón Real, was informed by Gomes' expedition, and labeled the Northeast as Tierra de Esteban Gómez in his honor.


Premise: Who was the author of Science of Logic?

Hypothesis: In his Science of Logic (1812–1814)


Premise: When did Armenia and Turkey initiate an attempt to reopen their border?

Hypothesis: On 10 October 2009, Armenia and Turkey signed protocols on normalisation of relationships, which set a timetable for restoring diplomatic ties and reopening their joint border.


Premise: When did the city near bankruptcy?

Hypothesis: The city in fact approached bankruptcy in the late 1980s.


Premise: What percentage of the alpha rays of natural uranium are emitted by 234U?

Hypothesis: Uranium-238 is the most stable isotope of uranium, with a half-life of about 4.468×109 years, roughly the age of the Earth.


Premise: When was Saint Denis Basilica rebuilt?

Hypothesis: When Abbe Suger rebuilt Saint Denis Basilica outside Paris in the early 12th century, he added stained glass windows colored blue cobalt glass and red glass tinted with copper.


Premise: What was the late 16th century war against Habsburg Austria known as?

Hypothesis: Irregular sharpshooters (Sekban) were also recruited, and on demobilization turned to brigandage in the Jelali revolts (1595–1610), which engendered widespread anarchy in Anatolia in the late 16th and early 17th centuries.


Premise: What county is Charleston located in?

Hypothesis: Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area.


Premise: How long does sensory  memory to to store information?

Hypothesis: Sensory memory holds sensory information less than one second after an item is perceived.


Premise: Which game journalist was perturbed by a lack of voiced dialogue?

Hypothesis: Despite these complaints, Computer and Video Games felt the game's atmosphere was superior to that of any previous Zelda game, and regarded Twilight Princess's Hyrule as the best version ever created.


Premise: By which group were the original French and French Canadians replaced?

Hypothesis: Descendants of the earliest French and French Canadian settlers formed a cohesive community who gradually were replaced as the dominant population after more Anglo-American settlers came to the area in the early 19th century.


Premise: What flag is on the team crest?

Hypothesis: Comamala's suggestion became the crest that the club wears today, with some minor variations.


Premise: The Abhidharma texts are from what time?

Hypothesis: Scholars generally date these texts to around the 3rd century BCE, 100 to 200 years after the death of the Buddha.


Premise: What did the Legend of Zelda require in certain instances to kill enemies?

Hypothesis: Also in contrast to the Famicom, the controllers included with the NES were identical to each other—the second controller lacked the microphone that was present on the Famicom model and possessed the same START and SELECT buttons as the primary controller.


Premise: For what purpose might an international tribunal review the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of a treaty?

Hypothesis: International tribunals and arbiters are often called upon to resolve substantial disputes over treaty interpretations.


Premise: When did the Mature Indus Civilization thrive?

Hypothesis: The Mature Indus civilisation flourished from about 2600 to 1900 BCE, marking the beginning of urban civilisation on the subcontinent.


Premise: On what date was Spectre first shown in the UK?

Hypothesis: The theme song, "Writing's on the Wall", received mixed reviews, particularly compared to the previous theme; nevertheless, it won the Golden Globe for Best Original Song and was nominated for the Academy Award in the same category.


Premise: What was the capital of the Safavid Dynasty?

Hypothesis: As a result, thereof, the modern-day Iran is the only official Shia nation of the world, with it holding an absolute majority in Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan, having there the 1st and 2nd highest number of Shia inhabitants by population percentage in the world.


Premise: What nation does the Marshall Islands vote similarly to in the General Assembly?

Hypothesis: The Marshall Islands was admitted to the United Nations based on the Security Council's recommendation on August 9, 1991, in Resolution 704 and the General Assembly's approval on September 17, 1991, in Resolution 46/3.


Premise: What are the widths of the cloud bands on Neptune?

Hypothesis: There are also high-altitude cloud bands that wrap around the planet at constant latitude.


Premise: What are Palermo's four main industrial sectors?

Hypothesis: In fact, for cultural, artistic and economic reasons, Palermo was one of the largest cities in the Mediterranean and is now among the top tourist destinations in both Italy and Europe.


Premise: How far back do the first written records of Estonia's Finnic languages go?

Hypothesis: The oldest written records of the Finnic languages of Estonia date from the 13th century.


Premise: What was the ruler at the time of neoclassical introduction?

Hypothesis: However, neoclassical architecture only became popular in Malta following the establishment of British rule in the early 19th century.


Premise: What changes can be linked to learning and memory?

Hypothesis: Learning and memory are attributed to changes in neuronal synapses, thought to be mediated by long-term potentiation and long-term depression.


Premise: How long did he spend in the desert?

Hypothesis: Athanasius, after remaining some days in the neighbourhood of the city, finally withdrew into the desert of Upper Egypt, where he remained for a period of six years, living the life of the monks, devoting himself to the composition of a group of writings; "Apology to Constantius", the "Apology for his Flight", the "Letter to the Monks", and the "History of the Arians".


Premise: What century started the increase of species invasions?

Hypothesis: The number of species invasions has been on the rise at least since the beginning of the 1900s.


Premise: What is most common volatage range used by railway system?

Hypothesis: Because transformers (prior to the development of power electronics) cannot step down DC voltages, trains were supplied with a relatively low DC voltage that the motors can use directly.


Premise: How long did the hiatus last?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé announced a hiatus from her music career in January 2010, heeding her mother's advice, "to live life, to be inspired by things again".


Premise: What was the name of the CD that Kanye recorded based on his failed college experience?

Hypothesis: For Kanye to make an album called College Dropout it was more about having the guts to embrace who you are, rather than following the path society has carved out for you."


Premise: Whose beliefs in scientific philosophy were similar to Hayek's?

Hypothesis: His goal was to show how a number of then-popular doctrines and beliefs had a common origin in some fundamental misconceptions about the social science.


Premise: Which system in the body controls urination?

Hypothesis: The autonomic nervous system affects heart rate, digestion, respiration rate, salivation, perspiration, urination, and sexual arousal, and several other processes.


Premise: What code had been active for 900 years in the Byzantine empire?

Hypothesis: The Orthodox millet, for instance, was still officially legally subject to Justinian's Code, which had been in effect in the Byzantine Empire for 900 years.


Premise: What is the rest of the Ottoman domain demoted to?

Hypothesis: The rest of the Ottoman domain is demoted to just "the east."


Premise: What is part of the time between Passover and Shavuot thought to be?

Hypothesis: The use of musical instruments is traditionally forbidden on the Sabbath out of concern that players would be tempted to repair (or tune) their instruments, which is forbidden on those days.


Premise: Which element is the only that has different names for its isotopes?

Hypothesis: Hydrogen is the only element that has different names for its isotopes in common use today.


Premise: A hot topic in Greece in the 19th century was what?

Hypothesis: Many of the educated elite saw this as a peasant dialect and were determined to restore the glories of Ancient Greek.


Premise: When was the new Government seated in CAR?

Hypothesis: A new government was appointed on 31 March 2013, which consisted of members of Séléka and representatives of the opposition to Bozizé, one pro-Bozizé individual, and a number representatives of civil society.


Premise: When were the Waldensians created?

Hypothesis: Despite that, the movement continues to exist to this day in Italy, as a part of the wider Reformed tradition.


Premise: Why did sport hunters find the Arabian oryx to be a worthwhile quarry to hunt?

Hypothesis: However, the species' striking appearance made it (along with the closely related scimitar-horned oryx and addax) a popular quarry for sport hunters, especially foreign executives of oil companies working in the region.[citation needed]


Premise: What century in France's history included the French École polytechnique that influenced education systems in other countries?

Hypothesis: Such terms include Écoles Polytechniques (Algeria, Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland, Tunisia), Escola Politécnica (Brasil, Spain), Polytechnicum (Eastern Europe).


Premise: How many seats are in the State de France?

Hypothesis: In addition to Paris Saint-Germain FC, the city has a number of other amateur football clubs: Paris FC, Red Star, RCF Paris and Stade Français Paris.


Premise: What was the new name of the abbey when Elizabeth I reestablished it?

Hypothesis: The abbey was restored to the Benedictines under the Catholic Mary I of England, but they were again ejected under Elizabeth I in 1559.


Premise: The Thorakitai used what type of oval shield?

Hypothesis: Seleucus received Indian war elephants from the Mauryan empire, and used them to good effect at the battle of Ipsus.


Premise: Where did many soldiers from Hanover emigrate to?

Hypothesis: This resulted in a great number of soldiers from Hanover eventually emigrating to Great Britain, where the King's German Legion was formed.


Premise: How many people per square mile are there in Tucson?

Hypothesis: The population density was 2,500.1 inhabitants per square mile (965.3/km²).


Premise: Who is generally accepted as the voice of Freemasonry?

Hypothesis: No one voice has ever spoken for the whole of Freemasonry.


Premise: Why were the winter stores of lard and meat eaten before fasting?

Hypothesis: All the food that had survived the winter had to be eaten to assure that everyone was fed enough to survive until the coming spring would provide new food sources.


Premise: What language are most languages of Italy derived from?

Hypothesis: This wide category includes:


Premise: What day was the first victory the RAF had with airborne radar?

Hypothesis: It was the first air victory for the airborne radar.


Premise: What do the distributed poles of a hysteresis synchronous motor resemble?

Hypothesis: Finally, hysteresis synchronous motors typically are (essentially) two-phase motors with a phase-shifting capacitor for one phase.


Premise: The difference between the Buddha's teaching and the yoga presented in what what type of texts is significant?

Hypothesis: The most ancient sustained expression of yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of the Buddha.


Premise: What was Luís de Camões main influence?

Hypothesis: Particularly popular and distinguished is José Saramago, recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature.


Premise: How are Africans classified in the Arabian Peninsula?

Hypothesis: According to Alamin M. Mazrui et al., generally in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries, most of those of visible African descent are still classified and identify as Arab, not black.


Premise: Proto-Slavic is a descendant of what?

Hypothesis: In the framework of the Kurgan hypothesis, "the Indo-Europeans who remained after the migrations [from the steppe] became speakers of Balto-Slavic".


Premise: What name is given to those Americans who served in World War II?

Hypothesis: World War II holds a special place in the American psyche as the country's greatest triumph, and the U.S. military personnel of World War II are frequently referred to as "the Greatest Generation."


Premise: What formations was the Royal Society studying?

Hypothesis: The boreholes on Funafuti, at the site now called Darwin's Drill, are the result of drilling conducted by the Royal Society of London for the purpose of investigating the formation of coral reefs to determine whether traces of shallow water organisms could be found at depth in the coral of Pacific atolls.


Premise: What percentage of Charleston's population were free people of color?

Hypothesis: By 1860, 3,785 free people of color were in Charleston, nearly 18% of the city's black population, and 8% of the total population.


Premise: When was the nationwide release of the NES?

Hypothesis: While others stated that Nintendo had an excellent nine-week market test in New York last fall Due to the moderate success launch in New York City, Nintendo tried a second time; the system was test-marketed further beginning in February 1986, with the nationwide release occurring in September 1986.


Premise: In 2007 what was Iran spending 2.6% of its GDP on?

Hypothesis: In 2007, Iran's military spending represented 2.6% of the GDP or $102 per capita, the lowest figure of the Persian Gulf nations.


Premise: What can trained dogs detect by sniffing a person or a sample of their urine?

Hypothesis: Medical detection dogs are capable of detecting diseases by sniffing a person directly or samples of urine or other specimens.


Premise: How were the semi-finalists split up to perform in season one?

Hypothesis: In the first three seasons, the semi-finalists were split into different groups to perform individually in their respective night.


Premise: Where does 112th Street start?

Hypothesis: 112th Street starts in Morningside Heights and runs from Riverside Drive to Amsterdam Avenue, where it meets the steps of the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine.


Premise: How must machine translations be transformed by a human?

Hypothesis: It is certainly true that even purely human-generated translations are prone to error; therefore, to ensure that a machine-generated translation will be useful to a human being and that publishable-quality translation is achieved, such translations must be reviewed and edited by a human.


Premise: What are the important parts of the database related application that should be moved?

Hypothesis: This in spite of the fact that tools may exist to help migration between specific DBMSs.


Premise: What is the definition of ASCII?

Hypothesis: ASCII (i/ˈæski/ ASS-kee), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character-encoding scheme (the IANA prefers the name US-ASCII).


Premise: What is another feature of both large and small Gothic churches?

Hypothesis: Externally, towers and spires are characteristic of Gothic churches both great and small, the number and positioning being one of the greatest variables in Gothic architecture.


Premise: Who did Kerry start a bakery with?

Hypothesis: Droney's health was poor and Kerry had decided to run for his position in the 1978 election should Droney drop out.


Premise: Who argued that colonies were redundant?

Hypothesis: Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations, published in 1776, had argued that colonies were redundant, and that free trade should replace the old mercantilist policies that had characterised the first period of colonial expansion, dating back to the protectionism of Spain and Portugal.


Premise: What did Egyptians use to better organize their farmland?

Hypothesis: The Edwin Smith papyrus is one of the first medical documents still extant, and perhaps the earliest document that attempts to describe and analyse the brain: it might be seen as the very beginnings of modern neuroscience.


Premise: Why weren't the Ugyhurs deported back to China?

Hypothesis: The four men were among 22 Uyghurs who claimed to be refugees, who were captured in 2001 in Pakistan after fleeing the American aerial bombardment of Afghanistan.


Premise: What did the exclusionary rule provide for?

Hypothesis: Due to the perennial inability of legislatures in the U.S. to enact statutes that would actually force law enforcement officers to respect the constitutional rights of criminal suspects and convicts, the federal judiciary gradually developed the exclusionary rule as a method to enforce such rights.


Premise: Queen left what label before signing with EMI?

Hypothesis: The band stopped touring North America after their Hot Space Tour, as their success there had waned, although they would perform on American television for the only time during the eighth season premiere of Saturday Night Live.


Premise: Who asked that the torch relay be ended?

Hypothesis: though he stopped short of cancelling the relay altogether despite calls to do so by some IOC members.


Premise: How many industry models are followed for the production process of poultry?

Hypothesis: Sixteen billion birds are raised annually for consumption, more than half of these in industrialised, factory-like production units.


Premise: How is Kanye viewed as a 21st century artist?

Hypothesis: Village Voice Media senior editor Ben Westhoff dubbed him the greatest hip hop artist of all time, writing that "he's made the best albums and changed the game the most, and his music is the most likely to endure," while Complex called him the 21st century's "most important artist of any art form, of any genre."


Premise: Who takes care of roads and sanitation in Cork?

Hypothesis: A new Lord Mayor of Cork is chosen in a vote by the elected members of the council under a D'Hondt system count.


Premise: Where did Tito travel in 1977 to reconcile with Chinese leadership?

Hypothesis: After the constitutional changes of 1974, Tito began reducing his role in the day-to-day running of the state.


Premise: What is a reason the place was called Calvary?

Hypothesis: Calvary as an English name for the place is derived from the Latin word for skull (calvaria), which is used in the Vulgate translation of "place of a skull", the explanation given in all four Gospels of the Aramaic word Gûlgaltâ which was the name of the place where Jesus was crucified.


Premise: From which entity did Creative request an investigation into Apple importing their devices to the US?

Hypothesis: Apple's application to the United States Patent and Trademark Office for a patent on "rotational user inputs", as used on the iPod interface, received a third "non-final rejection" (NFR) in August 2005.


Premise: Who was the first dog to orbit the earth in 1957?

Hypothesis: In 1957, a husky-terrier mix named Laika became the first animal to orbit the Earth.


Premise: Where was Queen Victoria laid to rest after her death?

Hypothesis: In 1897, Victoria had written instructions for her funeral, which was to be military as befitting a soldier's daughter and the head of the army, and white instead of black.


Premise: Who ended up owning Louisiana?

Hypothesis: The Anglo-French hostilities were ended in 1763 by the Treaty of Paris, which involved a complex series of land exchanges, the most important being France's cession to Spain of Louisiana, and to Great Britain the rest of New France except for the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon.


Premise: What award did Rubinstein win in 1984 for his contributions?

Hypothesis: It was not until 1984 that the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) awarded Mr. Harry W. Rubinstein, the former head of Globe Union's Centralab Division, its coveted Cledo Brunetti Award for early key contributions to the development of printed components and conductors on a common insulating substrate.


Premise: What did the average salary increase to at the time of the 2008 census?

Hypothesis: As of January 1, 2008 estimates by the San Diego Association of Governments revealed that the household median income for San Diego rose to $66,715, up from $45,733, and that the city population rose to 1,336,865, up 9.3% from 2000.


Premise: What is a challenge researchers face when studying culture and adolescents?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, to avoid ethnocentrism, researchers must be careful not to define the culture's role in adolescence in terms of their own cultural beliefs.


Premise: How many countries produced concentrated uranium oxides in 2005?

Hypothesis: In 2005, seventeen countries produced concentrated uranium oxides, with Canada (27.9% of world production) and Australia (22.8%) being the largest producers and Kazakhstan (10.5%), Russia (8.0%), Namibia (7.5%), Niger (7.4%), Uzbekistan (5.5%), the United States (2.5%), Argentina (2.1%), Ukraine (1.9%) and China (1.7%) also producing significant amounts.


Premise: How many Jews live in Brazil?

Hypothesis: Elsewhere in the Americas, there are also large Jewish populations in Canada (315,000), Argentina (180,000-300,000), and Brazil (196,000-600,000), and smaller populations in Mexico, Uruguay, Venezuela, Chile, Colombia and several other countries (see History of the Jews in Latin America).


Premise: Beyer, Sprague, Baer, and Novello received what award in 1975?

Hypothesis: The inventors were recognized by a Public Health Lasker Award in 1975 for "the saving of untold thousands of lives and the alleviation of the suffering of millions of victims of hypertension".


Premise: Which group of people were considered inferior?

Hypothesis: Although Germany used forced labourers in most occupied countries, Poles and other Slavs were viewed as inferior by Nazi propaganda, thus, better suited for such duties.


Premise: What date was the Premier League formed?

Hypothesis: The competition formed as the FA Premier League on 20 February 1992 following the decision of clubs in the Football League First Division to break away from the Football League, which was originally founded in 1888, and take advantage of a lucrative television rights deal.


Premise: Approximately how many Europeans dead does Victor Davis Hanson assert are part of Napoleon's military record?

Hypothesis: However, Vincent Cronin replies that such criticism relies on the flawed premise that Napoleon was responsible for the wars which bear his name, when in fact France was the victim of a series of coalitions which aimed to destroy the ideals of the Revolution.


Premise: Who was in charge of the construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral?

Hypothesis: In 1163, during the reign of Louis VII, Maurice de Sully, bishop of Paris, undertook the construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral at its eastern extremity.


Premise: Where did Catalan experience defeat?

Hypothesis: The decline of Catalan continued in the 16th and 17th centuries.


Premise: What airport has a tram that takes people through the concourses and baggage claim?

Hypothesis: The Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport has a tram that takes people through the concourses and baggage claim.


Premise: What is the land are of the City of Houston?

Hypothesis: It is the principal city of Houston–


Premise: How many lower secondary classes were there?

Hypothesis: During the 2009–10 school year, there were a total of 10,979 pupils attending classes in Bern.


Premise: What event was held after the sacrifice?

Hypothesis: Rome's officials and priests reclined in order of precedence alongside and ate the meat; lesser citizens may have had to provide their own.


Premise: Which engineer was responsible for first inventing the zoetrope lamp?

Hypothesis: Ding also used gimbals as pivotal supports for one of his incense burners and invented the world's first known zoetrope lamp.


Premise: Why was Gaddafi made fun of in elementary school?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud.


Premise: The Earl of Mornington would have how many ___ guns on the EIc ships?

Hypothesis: Similarly, the Earl of Mornington, an East India Company packet ship of only six guns, also sailed under a letter of marque.


Premise: What kind of system was the coats of arms?

Hypothesis: Its heraldic system evolved together with its neighbours in Central Europe, while differing in many ways from the heraldry of other European countries.


Premise: What ranking does Greece hold in all-time summer Olympics gold medal count?

Hypothesis: Having won a total of 110 medals (30 gold, 42 silver and 38 bronze), Greece is ranked 32nd by gold medals in the all-time Summer Olympic medal count.


Premise: What is zinc coated with to influence the look of pennies?

Hypothesis: The zinc core is coated with a thin layer of copper to give the impression of a copper coin.


Premise: According to a poll, what percentage of New Jersey voters favored the takeover of Atlantic City by the state?

Hypothesis: Interestingly, the poll also found that even South Jersey voters expressed opposition to the plan; 40% reported they opposed the measure and 37% reported they were in favor of it.


Premise: What were the Pan-Slavic colors originally?

Hypothesis: Red, blue, and white are also the Pan-Slavic colors adopted by the Slavic solidarity movement of the late nineteenth century.


Premise: In what year do most  Scholars agree the Italian Unification began?

Hypothesis: There is a lack of consensus on the exact dates for the beginning and the end of this period, but many scholars agree that the process began with the end of Napoleonic rule and the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and approximately ended with the Franco-Prussian War in 1871, though the last città irredente did not join the Kingdom of Italy until after World War I.


Premise: What acts were sometimes arranged so as to be sacrifices?

Hypothesis: Political or military executions were sometimes conducted in such a way that they evoked human sacrifice, whether deliberately or in the perception of witnesses; Marcus Marius Gratidianus was a gruesome example.


Premise: Which organisms are known as primary consumers?

Hypothesis: Organisms that feed on autotrophs, the producers of the trophic pyramid, are known as herbivores or primary consumers; those that feed on heterotrophs such as animals are known as secondary consumers.


Premise: Who still could handle the structural calculations for designing at that time?

Hypothesis: At this stage, it was still possible for an artist to design a bridge as the level of structural calculations involved was within the scope of the generalist.


Premise: The facade of Saint Denis resembled what other well known structure?

Hypothesis: He designed the façade of Saint-Denis to be an echo of the Roman Arch of Constantine with its three-part division and three large portals to ease the problem of congestion.


Premise: What language is spoken in the U.S.A?

Hypothesis: Although the United States has no de jure official language, English is the dominant language of business, education, government, religion, media, culture, civil society, and the public sphere.


Premise: In what year was IBM's first equal opportunity policy letter published?

Hypothesis: The following year, IBM hosted its first Invention Award Dinner honoring 34 outstanding IBM inventors; and in 1963, the company named the first eight IBM Fellows in a new Fellowship Program that recognizes senior IBM scientists, engineers and other professionals for outstanding technical achievements.


Premise: Who were the original affluent society?

Hypothesis: The second area was concerned with the vast majority of the world's population at the time, the peasantry, many of whom were involved in complex revolutionary wars such as in Vietnam.


Premise: What is one of the many types of AFSC employed by the USAF?

Hypothesis: AFSCs range from officer specialties such as pilot, combat systems officer, missile launch officer, intelligence officer, aircraft maintenance officer, judge advocate general (JAG), medical doctor, nurse or other fields, to various enlisted specialties.


Premise: By how many rivers is the city of New Haven drained?

Hypothesis: The city is drained by three rivers; the West, Mill, and Quinnipiac, named in order from west to east.


Premise: Which season eight contestant was a guest judge in season fourteen?

Hypothesis: In season two, guest judges such as Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb were used, and in season three Donna Summer, Quentin Tarantino and some of the mentors also joined as judges to critique the performances in the final rounds.


Premise: It has been alleged that Comcast's internet service has done what to customers?

Hypothesis: Given Comcast's negotiating power as a large ISP, some suspect that Comcast could leverage paid peering agreements to unfairly influence end-user connection speeds.


Premise: How is the Minister President chosen?

Hypothesis: The Minister-President appoints a cabinet to run the state's agencies and to carry out the executive duties of the state's government.


Premise: What two religions were most common?

Hypothesis: Prior to the Reformation, the Polish nobility were mostly either Roman Catholic or Orthodox with a small group of Muslims.


Premise: Which three Atlantic archipelagos did Portugal discover?

Hypothesis: Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery.


Premise: What does Mary where atop her hair that twinkles in the symbol ?

Hypothesis: The popularity of this particular representation of The Immaculate Conception spread across the rest of Europe, and has since remained the best known artistic depiction of the concept: in a heavenly realm, moments after her creation, the spirit of Mary (in the form of a young woman) looks up in awe at (or bows her head to) God.


Premise: What do fungi and fruit flies seem to lack?

Hypothesis: In particular, there are no known nociceptors in groups such as plants, fungi, and most insects, except for instance in fruit flies.


Premise: Who is the record holder for most trophy wins as coach of Barcelona?

Hypothesis: This extended the club's overall number of official trophies to 74, surpassing Real Madrid's total amount of official trophies.


Premise: What four main health problems do the Malian people currently have?

Hypothesis: Mali's health and development indicators rank among the worst in the world.


Premise: In 1831, who was the strongest vassal of the Ottoman Empire?

Hypothesis: In 1831 Muhammad Ali of Egypt, who was the most powerful vassal of the Ottoman Empire, claimed independence.


Premise: ARPA is now known as what?

Hypothesis: The effort was funded by ARPA (now DARPA), and the computer network that resulted was called the ARPANET.


Premise: How were adapters used to get around PAL region restrictions?

Hypothesis: Alternatively, disconnecting one pin of the console's lockout chip will prevent it from locking the console; hardware in later games can detect this situation, so it later became common to install a switch to reconnect the lockout chip as needed.


Premise: What is 'haecceity'?

Hypothesis: This in no way conflicts with the fallibility and revisability of scientific concepts, since it is only the immediate percept in its unique individuality or "thisness" – what the Scholastics called its haecceity – that stands beyond control and correction.


Premise: What was the time span of the Mauryan Empire?

Hypothesis: The Maurya Empire (322–185 BCE) was the first empire to unify India into one state, and was the largest on the Indian subcontinent.


Premise: What is most popular alcoholic drink in the world?

Hypothesis: Beer is the world's most widely consumed and likely the oldest alcoholic beverage; it is the third most popular drink overall, after water and tea.


Premise: Who is Yueju traditionally performed by?

Hypothesis: Zhejiang is the home of Yueju (越劇), one of the most prominent forms of Chinese opera.


Premise: Arthur Harris announced that Bomber Command would enable economic warfare to achieve what?

Hypothesis: AOC Bomber Command Arthur Harris did see German morale as a major objective.


Premise: How many books were in the 1714 shipment to Yale?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, a Harvard graduate working in England convinced some 180 prominent intellectuals that they should donate books to Yale.


Premise: Which King refused to sign an abortion decriminalization bill in 1990?

Hypothesis: In 1990, when King Baudouin advised his cabinet he could not, in conscience, sign a bill decriminalising abortion (a refusal patently not covered by a responsible minister), the Council of Ministers, at the King's own request, declared Baudouin incapable of exercising his powers.


Premise: What did Asif Jah I rename Deccan Suba to?

Hypothesis: The death of Asif Jah


Premise: The electrical properties of neurons are controlled by what?

Hypothesis: The functions of the brain depend on the ability of neurons to transmit electrochemical signals to other cells, and their ability to respond appropriately to electrochemical signals received from other cells.


Premise: When did Panama have the US-ruled Canal Zone Territory?

Hypothesis: Due to geographical proximity of the Central American countries to the U.S. which has powerful military, economic, and political influences, there were several movements and proposals by the United States during the 19th and 20th centuries to annex some or all of the Central American republics (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras with the formerly British-ruled Bay Islands, Nicaragua, Panama which had the U.S.-ruled Canal Zone territory from 1903 to 1979, and formerly British Honduras or Belize since 1981).


Premise: In what year did Queen release the album Jazz?

Hypothesis: In 1978, the band released Jazz, which reached number two in the UK and number six on the Billboard 200 in the US.


Premise: What three factors impact the gyromagnetic ratio?

Hypothesis: The gyromagnetic ratio γ is the constant of proportionality between the frequency ν of nuclear magnetic resonance (or electron paramagnetic resonance for electrons) and the applied magnetic field B: ν = γB. It is difficult to measure gyromagnetic ratios precisely because of the difficulties in precisely measuring B, but the value for protons in water at 7002298150000000000♠25 °C is known to better than one part per million.


Premise: When was Nanjing made a capital again?

Hypothesis: It was chosen as the capital and called Jinling (金陵) during the Southern Tang (937–976), a state that succeeded Wu state.


Premise: Where was John Edwards a senator?

Hypothesis: In the 2004 Democratic presidential primaries, John Kerry defeated several Democratic rivals, including Sen. John Edwards (D-North Carolina.), former Vermont Governor Howard Dean and retired Army General Wesley Clark.


Premise: What legendary king eventually takes over the state?

Hypothesis: When the legendary King Momo takes over the state.


Premise: What activity led to Greece having some of the earliest Stone Age settlements?

Hypothesis: The earliest evidence of the presence of human ancestors in the southern Balkans, dated to 270,000 BC, is to be found in the Petralona cave, in the Greek province of Macedonia.


Premise: By what date did the Mughal dynasty rule most of India?

Hypothesis: The Mughal dynasty ruled most of the Indian subcontinent by 1600.


Premise: What kind of vehicle offers basic transportation to people in Saint Helena?

Hypothesis: Car hire is available for visitors.


Premise: How many states' down-ballot candidates did Kerry help support?

Hypothesis: Through his campaign account and his political action committee, the Kerry campaign operation generated more than $10 million for various party committees and 179 candidates for the U.S. House, Senate, state and local offices in 42 states focusing on the midterm elections during the 2006 election cycle. "


Premise: What year did Lee and Capote go to Kansas together?

Hypothesis: In 1960, Capote and Lee traveled to Kansas together to investigate the multiple murders that were the basis for Capote's nonfiction novel In Cold Blood.


Premise: What often inconspicuous part of a laptop computer allows for internet usage?

Hypothesis: In each and every case, the transmitters and receivers involved require antennas, although these are sometimes hidden (such as the antenna inside an AM radio or inside a laptop computer equipped with Wi-Fi).


Premise: What are different designs aimed at increasing?

Hypothesis: Antennas more complex than the dipole or vertical designs are usually intended to increase the directivity and consequently the gain of the antenna.


Premise: What was the controversial domestic surveillance operation in this era?

Hypothesis: The FBI carried out controversial domestic surveillance in an operation it called the COINTELPRO, which was short for "COunter-INTELligence PROgram.


Premise: What penultimate work by Alexis de Tocqueville makes mention of New Haven's original theocratic government?

Hypothesis: New Haven's theocratic history is also mentioned several times by Alexis de Tocqueville in his classic volume on 19th-century American political life, Democracy in America.


Premise: When does glass stop moving like a liquid?

Hypothesis: This assumption is incorrect, as once solidified, glass stops flowing.


Premise: How many teachers did Yerevan State University have in 1992?

Hypothesis: In 1992 Armenia's largest institution of higher learning, Yerevan State University, had eighteen departments, including ones for social sciences, sciences, and law.


Premise: What does "Hoogduits" translate to in English?

Hypothesis: One of them was it reflected a distinction with Hoogduits, "High Dutch", meaning the language spoken in Germany.


Premise: How are judges appointed?

Hypothesis: The last Republican to hold the office is Ron Castille, who left in 1991 and is currently the Chief Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court.


Premise: Who published a book about worms in 1881?

Hypothesis: Some burrow while others live entirely on the surface, generally in moist leaf litter.


Premise: What did Darwin hope to find as he continued to explore new geologic discoveries?

Hypothesis: To show that there had been enough time for natural selection to work slowly, he again cited Principles of Geology and other observations based on sedimentation and erosion, including an estimate that erosion of The Weald had taken 300 million years.


Premise: When did Ulrich do his sonnet on Chopin?

Hypothesis: The earliest manifestation was probably an 1830 sonnet on Chopin by Leon Ulrich.


Premise: Where did the  coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women not develoupe?

Hypothesis: Also, the tradition of differentiating between the coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women did not develop in Poland.


Premise: What did 'Plym Mouth' mean?

Hypothesis: The name Plym Mouth, meaning "mouth of the River Plym


Premise: What is Oklahoma's record low temperature for Nov 11?

Hypothesis: As an example, on November 11, 1911, the temperature at Oklahoma City reached 83 °F (28 °C) in the afternoon (the record high for that date), then an Arctic cold front of unprecedented intensity slammed across the state, causing the temperature to crash 66 degrees, down to 17 °F (−8 °C) at midnight (the record low for that date); thus, both the record high and record low for November 11 were set on the same date.


Premise: Who did Victoria blame for Prince Albert's death?

Hypothesis: She blamed her husband's death on worry over the Prince of Wales's philandering.


Premise: What mineral is Portugal ranked as a leading European producer of?

Hypothesis: Portugal is a significant European minerals producer and is ranked among Europe's leading copper producers.


Premise: Which administration called for investigation into the soundness of GSEs in the early and mid-2000s?

Hypothesis: On September 10, 2003, the House Financial Services Committee held a hearing at the urging of the administration to assess safety and soundness issues and to review a recent report by the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO) that had uncovered accounting discrepancies within the two entities.


Premise: Of the final two, which was an early favorite to win?

Hypothesis: The final showdown was between Justin Guarini, one of the early favorites, and Kelly Clarkson.


Premise: According to democratic rules of the 106th congress what campaign membership do they have?

Hypothesis: For example, under Democratic rules for the 106th Congress, the minority leader may call meetings of the Democratic Caucus.


Premise: What was Feynman's PhD thesis titled?

Hypothesis: Feynman's thesis applied the principle of stationary action to problems of quantum mechanics, inspired by a desire to quantize the Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory of electrodynamics, laying the groundwork for the "path integral" approach and Feynman diagrams, and was titled "The Principle of Least Action in Quantum Mechanics".


Premise: Between 2010 and 2012, by what percentage were the wages of public servants cut?

Hypothesis: In 2012, all public servants had already seen an average wage cut of 20% relative to their 2010 baseline, with cuts reaching 25% for those earning more than 1,500 euro per month.


Premise: What style of belief system did the Pala Empire favor?

Hypothesis: Founded by Gopala I, it was ruled by a Buddhist dynasty from Bengal in the eastern region of the Indian subcontinent.


Premise: Which teams played in the three first class matches?

Hypothesis: The club plays at the Mardyke, a ground which has hosted three first-class matches in 1947, 1961 and 1973.


Premise: How many Toxocara infection cases are reported annually in the US?

Hypothesis: In the United States, about 10,000 cases of Toxocara infection are reported in humans each year, and almost 14% of the U.S. population is infected.


Premise: What nightclub in Southampton was nominated for the UK's best small nightclub?

Hypothesis: The nightclub, Junk, has been nominated for the UK's best small nightclub, and plays host to a range of dance music's top acts.


Premise: When did the Suntrust Indy Challenge stop being run at RIR?

Hypothesis: Southside Speedway has acted as the breeding grounds for many past NASCAR legends including Richard Petty, Bobby Allison and Darrell Waltrip, and claims to be the home track of NASCAR superstar Denny Hamlin.


Premise: When did GE announce its Ecoimagination program?

Hypothesis: In May 2005, GE announced the launch of a program called "Ecomagination," intended, in the words of CEO Jeff Immelt "to develop tomorrow's solutions such as solar energy, hybrid locomotives, fuel cells, lower-emission aircraft engines, lighter and stronger durable materials, efficient lighting, and water purification technology".


Premise: What do scientists tend to agree on?

Hypothesis: Most evidence seems to suggest the assignment of orders is accurate, but scientists disagree about the relationships between the orders themselves; evidence from modern bird anatomy, fossils and DNA have all been brought to bear on the problem, but no strong consensus has emerged.


Premise: Which side of the coalitions did Naples, Sicily and Savoy join?

Hypothesis: Naples, Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with Franco-Spanish party, declined to join the coalition under the fear of British power.


Premise: What is a football player shown before being ejected from a match?

Hypothesis: In international football, a player who has made a serious violation of the rules is shown a red penalty card and ejected from the game.


Premise: Who first introduced the idea that matter is made of atoms?

Hypothesis: Other influential pre-Socratics or rational philosophers include Protagoras (like Anaxagoras a friend of Pericles), known for his famous dictum "man is the measure of all things" and Democritus, who proposed that matter was composed of atoms.


Premise: What year did June Byers retire?

Hypothesis: Upon Byers' retirement in 1964, The Fabulous Moolah, who won a junior heavyweight version of the NWA World Women's Championship (the predecessor to the WWE's Women's Championship) in a tournament back in 1958, was recognized by most NWA promoters as champion by default.


Premise: What was the case of Everson v. Board of Education the first instance of?

Hypothesis: The centrality of the "separation" concept to the Religion Clauses of the Constitution was made explicit in Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 (1947), a case dealing with a New Jersey law that allowed government funds to pay for transportation of students to both public and Catholic schools.


Premise: How much money did Burke accept instead of the Earlship?

Hypothesis: Burke also hinted at what would happen to such people if their revolutionary ideas were implemented, and included a description of the British constitution:


Premise: Who replaced Luckett and Roberson in Destiny's Child?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé stated that she struggled to speak about her depression because Destiny's Child had just won their first Grammy Award and she feared no one would take her seriously.


Premise: Where was the first Yankee Stadium?

Hypothesis: The original Yankee Stadium opened in 1923 on 161st Street and River Avenue, a year that saw the Yankees bring home their first of 27 World Series Championships.


Premise: In what year were there 4,470 priests in the Dominican Order?

Hypothesis: Statistics for 1876 show 3,748, but 500 of these had been expelled from their convents and were engaged in parochial work.


Premise: After new research, what was the final definition of federalism?

Hypothesis: Until recently, in the absence of prior agreement on a clear and precise definition, the concept was thought to mean (as a shorthand) 'a division of sovereignty between two levels of government'.


Premise: Who won a Nobel Prize for the discovery that cells in the visual cortex of monkeys become active when sharp edges move?

Hypothesis: One of the most influential early contributions was a 1959 paper titled What the frog's eye tells the frog's brain: the paper examined the visual responses of neurons in the retina and optic tectum of frogs, and came to the conclusion that some neurons in the tectum of the frog are wired to combine elementary responses in a way that makes them function as "bug perceivers".


Premise: What date did IBM announce that its executives would forgo bonuses for fiscal year 2013?

Hypothesis: On January 21, 2014 IBM announced that company executives would forgo bonuses for fiscal year 2013.


Premise: What did the Pan American Health organization say these treatments violated?

Hypothesis: Additionally, the Pan American Health Organization recommended that such malpractices be denounced and subject to sanctions and penalties under national legislation, as they constitute a violation of the ethical principles of health care and violate human rights that are protected by international and regional agreements.


Premise: When was the Chengdu Economic and Technological Development Zone approved?

Hypothesis: The zone has attracted investors and developers from more than 20 countries to carry out their projects there.


Premise: Why is a plant chosen for the study of its cells?

Hypothesis: Ideally, these organisms have small genomes that are well known or completely sequenced, small stature and short generation times.


Premise: In capturing Vionville, what was further blocked in the west?

Hypothesis: The French were routed and the III Corps captured Vionville, blocking any further escape attempts to the west.


Premise: What Neapolitan architect created the "Flying Chair" elevator?

Hypothesis: In 1845, the Neapolitan architect Gaetano Genovese installed in the Royal Palace of Caserta the "Flying Chair", an elevator ahead of its time, covered with chestnut wood outside and with maple wood inside.


Premise: What mountains are located in Switzerland and France?

Hypothesis: The secondary chain of the Alps follows the watershed from the Mediterranean Sea to the Wienerwald, passing over many of the highest and most well-known peaks in the Alps.


Premise: When was the Gare du Nord station finished?

Hypothesis: Valencia was also third in industrial and economic development; notable milestones include urban expansion of the city in the latter 1800s, the creation of the Banco de Valencia in 1900, construction of the Central and Columbus markets, and the construction of the Gare du Nord railway station, completed in 1921.


Premise: What did Eisenhower do to Oppenheimer after he said that the hydrogen bomb should be delayed?

Hypothesis: The administration had discovered through its own investigations that one of the leading scientists on the AEC, J. Robert Oppenheimer, had urged that the H-bomb work be delayed.


Premise: What was the name of the governing body headed by Gaddafi after the revolution?

Hypothesis: In 1973 he initiated a "Popular Revolution" with the formation of General People's Committees (GPCs), purported to be a system of direct democracy, but retained personal control over major decisions.


Premise: Who discovered that Karim had lied about his parentage to Victoria?

Hypothesis: Abdul Karim remained in her service until he returned to India with a pension on her death.


Premise: In what year did ARC take over Columbia Phonography Company?

Hypothesis: In the depths of the Great Depression, the Columbia Phonograph Company (founded in 1888) in the U.S. (including its Okeh Records subsidiary) was acquired by ARC in 1934.


Premise: Where did NBC correspondant Kelly O'Donnell attend school?

Hypothesis: National correspondents, reporters and columnists such as The New York Times's Elisabeth Bumiller, David Barstow, Dean Murphy, and Vincent Laforet, USA Today's Gary Levin, Susan Page and Christine Brennan, NBC correspondent Kelly O'Donnell, CBS correspondent Richard Threlkeld, CNN correspondent Nicole Lapin and former CNN and current Al Jazeera America anchor Joie Chen, and ESPN personalities Rachel Nichols, Michael Wilbon, Mike Greenberg, Steve Weissman, J. A. Adande, and Kevin Blackistone.


Premise: What was Makro re-labeled as after it's purchase?

Hypothesis: Lotte, meanwhile, enters the market by inking partnership with Ciputra Group, creating what its called 'Lotte Shopping Avenue' inside the Ciputra World Jakarta complex, as well as acquiring Makro and rebranding it into Lotte Mart.


Premise: What daily feature do animals that show limited circadian rhythms need?

Hypothesis: The researchers suspect that other Arctic animals as well may not show circadian rhythms in the constant light of summer and the constant dark of winter.


Premise: What are three of the other health conditions that occur more frequently with asthma?

Hypothesis: Those with asthma, especially if it is poorly controlled, are at high risk for radiocontrast reactions.


Premise: What town plan was chosen with the chief consideration of displaying British power and superiority?

Hypothesis: The New Delhi town plan, like its architecture, was chosen with one single chief consideration: to be a symbol of British power and supremacy.


Premise: How do Dusky grouse migrate?

Hypothesis: Dusky grouse Dendragapus obscurus perform altitudinal migration mostly by walking.


Premise: When did Madonna's album demo leaked online?

Hypothesis: She posted in response that half of the tracks would not be used on the final release, while the other half had "changed and evolved".


Premise: When did the Arabian oryx become extinct?

Hypothesis: However, the Arabian oryx has now made a comeback and been upgraded from “extinct in the wild” to “vulnerable” due to conservation efforts like captive breeding


Premise: What type of programming was broadcast from Cairo?

Hypothesis: During this period, Nasser made Egypt a refuge for anti-colonial leaders from several African countries and allowed the broadcast of anti-colonial propaganda from Cairo.


Premise: Did the UEFA remove the 5 year ban on English clubs playing in European competitions in 1990?

Hypothesis: However, by the turn of the 1990s the downward trend was starting to reverse; England had been successful in the 1990 FIFA World Cup, reaching the semi-finals.


Premise: What social reform movements were Protestants working toward in the nineteen century?

Hypothesis: In the nineteenth century, throughout the Anglo-American world, numerous dedicated members of all Protestant denominations were active in social reform movements such as the abolition of slavery, prison reforms, and woman suffrage.


Premise: How long does the identification process take?

Hypothesis: Empirical therapy is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection as the identification process make take several days in the laboratory.


Premise: What did Whitehead believe regarding factors that limit people's understanding of his concepts?

Hypothesis: Whitehead pointed to the limitations of language as one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking, and acknowledged that it may be difficult to ever wholly move past such ideas in everyday speech.


Premise: What kind of plan was it?

Hypothesis: More than 50% of this expenditure was incurred on road construction since it was felt that without proper transport facilities, the process of planning and development could not be carried to the people, who mostly lived an isolated existence in far away areas.


Premise: Who was the outreach director of HRTR?

Hypothesis: The outreach director of HRTR, Susan Prager, is also the communication director of "Friends of Falun Gong", a quasi-government non-profit funded by fmr.


Premise: In the last decade, has the amount oftime adolescents spend on the computer increased or dereased?

Hypothesis: As a result of the amount of time adolescents spend using these devices, their total media exposure is high.


Premise: What building did Van der Rohe create for IBM?

Hypothesis: The company's contributions to architecture and design, which include works by Eero Saarinen, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and I.M. Pei, have been recognized.


Premise: What year did the "discoveries are property" concept appear in French law?

Hypothesis: Section 1 of the French law of 1791 stated, "All new discoveries are the property of the author; to assure the inventor the property and temporary enjoyment of his discovery, there shall be delivered to him a patent for five, ten or fifteen years."


Premise: What is the total population of New Haven as reported by the U.S. Census Bureau in 2010?

Hypothesis: The U.S. Census Bureau reports a 2010 population of 129,779, with 47,094 households and 25,854 families within the city of New Haven.


Premise: North carolina and Sounth Carolina together were known as what?

Hypothesis: North Carolina became one of the English Thirteen Colonies and with the territory of South Carolina was originally known as the Province of Carolina.


Premise: What did Guinness World Records say of Ramoji Film City was in 20015?

Hypothesis: The city is home to the Telugu film industry, popularly known as Tollywood and as of 2012[update], produces the second largest number of films in India behind Bollywood.


Premise: How many kilometers was Qing China at its height?

Hypothesis: There were originally 18 provinces, all of which in China proper, but later this number was increased to 22, with Manchuria and Xinjiang being divided or turned into provinces.


Premise: What was the limit imposed on how loud the iPod could play sounds in the EU?

Hypothesis: Users report that in the sixth-generation iPod, the maximum volume output level is limited to 100 dB in EU markets.


Premise: What is the inclination of the Compass-M1 satellite?

Hypothesis: The role of Compass-M1 for Compass is similar to the role of the GIOVE satellites for the Galileo system.


Premise: What lake did Don Bosco predict?

Hypothesis: Brasília lies between the parallels 15° S and 20° S, where an artificial lake (Paranoá Lake) was formed.


Premise: How much of Dell's revenue was its PC division?

Hypothesis: Dell has been attempting to offset its declining PC business, which still accounted for half of its revenue and generates steady cash flow, by expanding into the enterprise market with servers, networking, software, and services.


Premise: Other than the combination of its relations, what else defines an entity?

Hypothesis: For Whitehead, creativity is the absolute principle of existence, and every entity (whether it is a human being, a tree, or an electron) has some degree of novelty in how it responds to other entities, and is not fully determined by causal or mechanistic laws.


Premise: Prior to working at Universal, what studio employed Marlene Dietrich?

Hypothesis: Again (1939), starring James Stewart as Destry and Marlene Dietrich in her comeback role after leaving Paramount Studios.


Premise: When was the People's Republic of China formed?

Hypothesis: After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in October 1949, Nanjing was initially a province-level municipality, but it was soon merged into Jiangsu province and again became the provincial capital by replacing Zhenjiang which was transferred in 1928, and retains that status to this day.


Premise: What is extra-pair copulation?

Hypothesis: Among many socially monogamous species, extra-pair copulation (infidelity) is common.


Premise: Who created this group?

Hypothesis: In 1929, Charles Francis Potter founded the First Humanist Society of New York whose advisory board included Julian Huxley, John Dewey, Albert Einstein and Thomas Mann.


Premise: What was involved in the original digimon virtual pet gameplay?

Hypothesis: Every owner would start with a Baby Digimon, train it, evolve it, take care of it, and then have battles with other Digimon owners to see who was stronger.


Premise: What script evolved from the Gupta script?

Hypothesis: Around the eighth century, the Śāradā script evolved out of the Gupta script.


Premise: What did Kerry tell Christianity Today that he is open-minded to?

Hypothesis: Kerry told Christianity Today in October 2004 "I'm a Catholic and I practice, but at the same time I have an open-mindedness to many other expressions of spirituality that come through different religions...


Premise: What is the flight range of landbirds?

Hypothesis: Landbirds have a flight range of around 2,500 km (1,600 mi) and shorebirds can fly up to 4,000 km (2,500 mi), although the bar-tailed godwit is capable of non-stop flights of up to 10,200 km (6,300 mi).


Premise: What do stone curlews use to punch and hammer opponents?

Hypothesis: The steamer ducks (Tachyeres), geese and swans (Anserinae), the solitaire (Pezophaps), sheathbills (Chionis), some guans (Crax) and stone curlews (Burhinus) use a bony knob on the alular metacarpal to punch and hammer opponents.


Premise: What is the name of building project is taking place in Gateway Community College downtown?

Hypothesis: The 360 State Street project is now occupied and is the largest residential building in Connecticut.


Premise: Within the New Haven metropolitan area contain a Fortune 1000 company located in Orange, the name of the company?

Hypothesis: Two more Fortune 1000 companies are based in Greater New Haven: the electrical equipment producers Hubbell, based in Orange, and Amphenol, based in Wallingford.


Premise: When was the text on Shaivism written?

Hypothesis: Early history of Shaivism is difficult to determine.


Premise: What award did Cruyff win during his first year with Barcelona?

Hypothesis: He was crowned European Footballer of the Year in 1973 during his first season with Barcelona (his second Ballon d'Or win; he won his first while playing for Ajax in 1971).


Premise: When will the mining ban be reviewed?

Hypothesis: The 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty also restricts a struggle for resources.


Premise: When did Arsenal move to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury?

Hypothesis: Arsenal Football Club was formed as Dial Square in 1886 by workers at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich, south-east London, and were renamed Royal Arsenal shortly afterwards.


Premise: What lakes are in the middle of Nanjing?

Hypothesis: Surrounded by the Yangtze River and mountains, Nanjing also enjoys beautiful natural scenery.


Premise: When did Richard sell many royal properties?

Hypothesis: Matters were not helped by Richard's sale of many royal properties in 1189, and taxation played a much smaller role in royal income than in later centuries.


Premise: Why is the concentrate of uranium in farmland so high?

Hypothesis: Uranium's average concentration in the Earth's crust is (depending on the reference) 2 to 4 parts per million, or about 40 times as abundant as silver.


Premise: What did the Observer Corps observe and report on?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, in Britain the volunteer Observer Corps formed in 1925 provided a network of observation posts to report hostile aircraft flying over Britain.


Premise: Before the code change was enacted what was the only permitted hydraulic cylinder type?

Hypothesis: Because it is impossible to verify the system at all times, the code requires periodic testing of the pressure capability.


Premise: How many water-powered cotton mills used child labour in 1788 England and Scotland?

Hypothesis: In England and Scotland in 1788, two-thirds of the workers in 143 water-powered cotton mills were described as children.


Premise: What war was the FlaK first used in?

Hypothesis: Germany's high-altitude needs were originally going to be filled by a 75 mm gun from Krupp, designed in collaboration with their Swedish counterpart Bofors, but the specifications were later amended to require much higher performance.


Premise: How many Jews lived in the Bronx in 1937?

Hypothesis: Many synagogues still stand in the Bronx, but most have been converted to other uses.


Premise: What does the acronym COMESA represent?

Hypothesis: Its GDP per capita of $9,714 means it is classified as a country with a lower-middle income.


Premise: What color is typical for Gram-negative bacteria after staining?

Hypothesis: The thick layers of peptidoglycan in the "Gram-positive" cell wall stain purple, while the thin "Gram-negative" cell wall appears pink.


Premise: On what days were Scottish and Welsh pubs often 'dry'?

Hypothesis: During the 20th century elsewhere, both the licensing laws and enforcement were progressively relaxed, and there were differences between parishes; in the 1960s, at closing time in Kensington at 10:30 pm, drinkers would rush over the parish boundary to be in good time for "Last Orders" in Knightsbridge before 11 pm, a practice observed in many pubs adjoining licensing area boundaries.


Premise: What cities saw an increase in foreign trade of more than 40% in 2008?

Hypothesis: These achievements were accomplished because of significant changes in China's foreign trade policy, acceleration of the yuan's appreciation, increase of commercial incentives and increase in production costs.


Premise: What video game features Santa Monica in 2003?

Hypothesis: The Masquerade – Bloodlines (2004), Grand Theft Auto San Andreas (2004) as a fictional district - Santa Maria Beach, Destroy All Humans!


Premise: What general crossed across the Danube at Vidin?

Hypothesis: Following the Ottoman ultimatum in September 1853, forces under the Ottoman general Omar Pasha crossed the Danube at Vidin and captured Calafat in October 1853.


Premise: Which battle was considered the biggest in the war?

Hypothesis: It was fought about 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Metz, where on the previous day, having intercepted the French army's retreat to the west at the Battle of Mars-La-Tour, the Prussians were now closing in to complete the destruction of the French forces.


Premise: How much of the economy was not controlled by Nassir's government?

Hypothesis: When efforts to offer tax incentives and attract outside investments yielded no tangible results, he nationalized more companies and made them a part of his economic development organization.


Premise: What non-motor device demonstrates why a commutator is needed?

Hypothesis: Current from the brushes flows through the commutator and one winding of the armature, making it a temporary magnet (an electromagnet).


Premise: What was the giant Phrygian cap made out of?

Hypothesis: The cathedral lost hundreds of its statues (later replaced by copies in the 19th century) and in April 1794, there was talk of tearing its spire down, on the grounds that it was against the principle of equality.


Premise: How many runners up in the Champions League were from the Premier League between 1992 and 2013?

Hypothesis: Between the 1992–93 season and the 2012–13 season, Premier League clubs had won the UEFA Champions League four times (as well as supplying five of the runners-up), behind Spain's La Liga with six wins, and Italy's Serie A with five wins, and ahead of, among others, Germany's Bundesliga with three wins (see table here).


Premise: Sicily and Palermo became part of what Kingdom in 1861?

Hypothesis: After the plebiscite later that year Palermo, along with the rest of Sicily, became part of the new Kingdom of Italy (1861).


Premise: What are antibiotics screened for on mammals and humans?

Hypothesis: Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated.


Premise: What is an example of a theme pub that caters to people with certain musical interests?

Hypothesis: Examples of theme pubs include sports bars, rock pubs, biker pubs, Goth pubs, strip pubs, gay bars, karaoke bars and Irish pubs.


Premise: What goes through a fermentation process to create tongba?

Hypothesis: Chhyaang, tongba (fermented millet or barley) and rakshi are alcoholic beverages from other parts of Nepal which are found in Kathmandu.


Premise: Why are variations distributed along clines?

Hypothesis: In part this is due to isolation by distance.


Premise: New coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire from whom?

Hypothesis: The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese.


Premise: What world literally means "founder?"

Hypothesis: ə-POT-rə-PEE-əs; Ἀποτρόπαιος, Apotropaios, from ἀποτρέπειν, "to avert"), and Epicurius (/ˌɛpᵻˈkjʊriəs/ EP-i-KEWR-ee-əs; Ἐπικούριος, Epikourios, from ἐπικουρέειν, "to aid"), and Archegetes (/ɑːrˈkɛdʒətiːz/ ar-KEJ-ə-teez; Ἀρχηγέτης, Arkhēgetēs, literally "founder"), Clarius (/ˈklæriəs/ KLARR-ee-əs; Κλάριος, Klārios, from Doric κλάρος, "allotted lot"), and Genetor (


Premise: Who led a rebellion with Xiang Liang against the Qin Empire?

Hypothesis: Under the Later Han, control of the area returned to the settlement below Mount Kuaiji but authority over the Minyue hinterland was nominal at best and its Yue inhabitants largely retained their own political and social structures.


Premise: Where did Beyoncé perform on January 20, 2009?

Hypothesis: On January 20, 2009, Beyoncé performed James' "


Premise: In Pakistan, a student's tests in what grade determine their admission to a diploma program?

Hypothesis: The Polytechnic institutes in Pakistan, offer a diploma spanning three years in different branches.


Premise: On what principle did the Ancient Greeks first think was best for governance?

Hypothesis: In the West, the ancient Greeks initially regarded the best form of government as rule by the best men.


Premise: Who is responsible for stage hand duties, lighting, sound, and management?

Hypothesis: In recent years, the School has put on a musical version of The Bacchae (October 2009) as well as productions of A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (May 2010), The Cherry Orchard (February 2011), Joseph K (October 2011), Cyrano de Bergerac (May 2012), Macbeth (October 2012), London Assurance


Premise: What does this site serve primarily as?

Hypothesis: It is a close equivalent of a monogastric stomach (e.g., those in humans or pigs), and digesta is processed here in much the same way.


Premise: What treaty was signed after the Anglo-Irish War?

Hypothesis: The Irish Republican Army simultaneously began a guerrilla war against the British administration.


Premise: Nagarjuna's main contribution was the exposition of the concept of what?

Hypothesis: Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy was the systematic exposition of the concept of śūnyatā, or "emptiness", widely attested in the Prajñāpāramitā sutras that emerged in his era.


Premise: Who built the Louvre Pyramid?

Hypothesis: (1977), and the Louvre Pyramid by I.M. Pei (1989).


Premise: In what year was the First Crusade proclaimed?

Hypothesis: One feature of the crusades was the pogroms against local Jews that often took place as the crusaders left their countries for the East.


Premise: Which epithet did Apollo have as god of prophecy and truth?

Hypothesis: As god of music and arts, Apollo had the epithet Musagetes (/mjuːˈsædʒᵻtiːz/


Premise: Where was the Super Game Boy 2 released?

Hypothesis: While Nintendo never released an adapter for playing NES games on the SNES (though the instructions included a way to connect both consoles to the same TV by either daisy chaining the RF switches or using AV outputs for one or both systems), the Super Game Boy adapter cartridge allows games designed for Nintendo's portable Game Boy system to be played on the SNES.


Premise: Where was Bibliotheque Bleue located?

Hypothesis: On one end of the spectrum was the Bibliothèque Bleue, a collection of cheaply produced books published in Troyes, France.


Premise: Which group is a counterpart to NATO?

Hypothesis: In 1954 the Menzies Government signed the South East Asia Collective Defence Treaty (SEATO) as a South East Asian counterpart to NATO.


Premise: What was Pitt's primary military advantage?

Hypothesis: William Pitt, who entered the cabinet in 1756, had a grand vision for the war that made it entirely different from previous wars with France.


Premise: What physical factor must be continuously monitored during temperature studies>

Hypothesis: Though variation is great among normal chronotypes, the average human adult's temperature reaches its minimum at about 05:00 (5 a.m.), about two hours before habitual wake time.


Premise: Which U.S. state borders to the northeast?

Hypothesis: The area is landlocked by the states of Sonora to the west, Sinaloa to the south-west, Durango to the south, and Coahuila to the east, and by the U.S. states of Texas to the northeast and New Mexico to the north.


Premise: What year did Thomas R. Steels propose the single body union branch?

Hypothesis: The meeting was attended by a broad spectrum of working-class and left-wing organisations — trades unions represented about one third of the membership of the TUC delegates.


Premise: What subject did Dominic particularly love?

Hypothesis: As an adolescent, he had a particular love of theology and the Scriptures became the foundation of his spirituality.


Premise: When was Olin Business School founded?

Hypothesis: In 2002, an Executive MBA program was established in Shanghai, in cooperation with Fudan University.


Premise: What kind of grapes are made into vinegar?

Hypothesis: The juice is often sold in stores or fermented and made into wine, brandy, or vinegar.


Premise: What was the first model of HRF (Height Range Finder) used by the British?

Hypothesis: This led to the Height/Range Finder (HRF), the first model being the Barr & Stroud UB2, a 2-metre optical coincident rangefinder mounted on a tripod.


Premise: Who employed Latimer when he developed his first patent?

Hypothesis: Lewis Latimer, employed at the time by Edison, developed an improved method of heat-treating carbon filaments which reduced breakage and allowed them to be molded into novel shapes, such as the characteristic "M" shape of Maxim filaments.


Premise: What was the former name of Hangzhou?

Hypothesis: The other two centers in the south were Jiankang and Chengdu.


Premise: What types of velocities and positions is the stepper motor capable of?

Hypothesis: Depending on the sequence, the rotor may turn forwards or backwards, and it may change direction, stop, speed up or slow down arbitrarily at any time.


Premise: How many troops did Toyotomi Hideyoshi send to Korea?

Hypothesis: In 1592, and again in 1597, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, aiming to invade China (唐入り) through Korea, mobilized an army of 160,000 peasants and samurai and deployed them to Korea.


Premise: Rebetiko was the base of what?

Hypothesis: Rebetiko, initially a music associated with the lower classes, later (and especially after the population exchange between Greece and Turkey) reached greater general acceptance as the rough edges of its overt subcultural character were softened and polished, sometimes to the point of unrecognizability.


Premise: What year was the Legend of Zelda:Twilight Princess originally planned for release?

Hypothesis: It is the thirteenth installment in the The Legend of Zelda series.


Premise: Indigenous peoples of the Amazonas preserved what until the recent past?

Hypothesis: Hunter-gathering lifestyles remained prevalent in some parts of the New World, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Siberia, as well as all of Australia, until the European Age of Discovery.


Premise: What was the Allied invasion of Normandy called?

Hypothesis: He was charged in these positions with planning and carrying out the Allied assault on the coast of Normandy in June 1944 under the code name Operation Overlord, the liberation of Western Europe and the invasion of Germany.


Premise: What was introduced in von Neumann algebras?

Hypothesis: The direct integral was introduced in 1949 by John von Neumann.


Premise: What is Cantalonian for Eternal Prince of Cuckoldry?

Hypothesis: In Catalonia people dress in masks and costume (often in themed groups) and organize a week-long series of parties, pranks, outlandish activities such as bed races, street dramas satirizing public figures and raucous processions to welcome the arrival of Sa Majestat el Rei Carnestoltes (His Majesty King Carnival), known by various titles, including el Rei dels poca-soltes (King of the Crackpots), Princep etern de Cornudella


Premise: What trial took place on August 10 1939?

Hypothesis: Lights would not be allowed after dark for almost six years, and the blackout became by far the most unpopular aspect of the war for civilians, more than rationing.:51,106


Premise: What part of a language can phonology as a word also refer to?

Hypothesis: This is one of the fundamental systems which a language is considered to comprise, like its syntax and its vocabulary.


Premise: Who voted to have a committee investigate the mismanagement during the war?

Hypothesis: Indeed, the coalition government of George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen fell on 30 January 1855 on a no-confidence vote as Parliament voted to appoint a committee to investigate mismanagement of the war.:311


Premise: When was Wealth of Nations written?

Hypothesis: The "invisible hand" mentioned in a lost page in the middle of a chapter in the middle of the to "Wealth of Nations", 1776, advances as Smith's central message.[clarification needed]


Premise: What are the permanent sources of positive ecclesiastical law?

Hypothesis: The actual subject material of the canons is not just doctrinal or moral in nature, but all-encompassing of the human condition.


Premise: Where does the name Thuringia come from?

Hypothesis: The name Thuringia or Thüringen derives from the Germanic tribe Thuringii, who emerged during the Migration Period.


Premise: In 2008, how many were enrolled in public schools?

Hypothesis: Ann Arbor Public Schools also operates a preschool and family center, with programs for at-risk infants and children before kindergarten.


Premise: What was Tip O'Neill's job?

Hypothesis: The junior U.S. Senator from Massachusetts, Paul Tsongas, announced in 1984 that he would be stepping down for health reasons.


Premise: What was the change in gathering?

Hypothesis: Agriculture originated and spread in several different areas including the Middle East, Asia, Mesoamerica, and the Andes beginning as early as 12,000 years ago.


Premise: Who conducts training of the cadets?

Hypothesis: The majority of members in COATS are officers of the Cadet Instructors Cadre (CIC) branch of the CAF.


Premise: What king died in 1833?

Hypothesis: The captaincies they created were subdued to a centralized administration in Salvador (later relocated to Rio de Janeiro) which reported directly to the Portuguese Crown until its independence in 1822, becoming the Empire of Brazil.


Premise: From whom did Allied leaders switch their support from to Tito?

Hypothesis: This resulted in Allied aid being parachuted behind Axis lines to assist the Partisans.


Premise: Which country is Galicia in?

Hypothesis: ; Galician: [ɡaˈliθja] ( listen), [ħaˈliθja], or [ħaˈlisja]; Spanish: [ɡaˈliθja]; Galician and Portuguese: Galiza, [ɡaˈliθa] ( listen), [ħaˈliθa] or [ħaˈlisa]) is an autonomous community of Spain and historic nationality under Spanish law.


Premise: When did another military coup overthrow Buhari?

Hypothesis: His regime was overthrown by another military coup in 1985.


Premise: Until 2010, which airline made Houston its headquarters?

Hypothesis: Houston was the headquarters of Continental Airlines until its 2010 merger with United Airlines with headquarters in Chicago; regulatory approval for the merger was granted in October of that year.


Premise: Where was the Mielnik Polish–Lithuanian union refromed?

Hypothesis: However the Act of Mielno (Polish: Przywilej mielnicki) of 25 October did more to strengthen the magnate dominated Senate of Poland then the lesser nobility.


Premise: Over what time period were the Western Kshatrapas in power?

Hypothesis: The Indo-Scythians invaded the area of Ujjain and established the Saka era (with their calendar), marking the beginning of the long-lived Saka Western Satraps state.


Premise: What percentage of the Permanent Fund is divided betwen Alaska's eligible residents?

Hypothesis: To qualify for the Permanent Fund Dividend, one must have lived in the state for a minimum of 12 months, maintain constant residency subject to allowable absences, and not be subject to court judgments or criminal convictions which fall under various disqualifying classifications or may subject the payment amount to civil garnishment.


Premise: How many Armenians died in the Adana Massacre?

Hypothesis: The Ottoman Empire began to collapse, and in 1908, the Young Turk Revolution overthrew the government of Sultan Hamid.


Premise: Who was Norfolk Island colonised by?

Hypothesis: On 8 June 1856, permanent civilian residence on the island began when it was settled from Pitcairn Island.


Premise: What may low-traffic airports use to save electricity and staffing costs?

Hypothesis: Some airports have more complicated lighting on the runways including lights that run down the centerline of the runway and lights that help indicate the approach (an approach lighting system, or ALS).


Premise: What cooperative arrangement did Jehovah's Witnesses establish?

Hypothesis: Though Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions of whole blood, they may accept some blood plasma fractions at their own discretion.


Premise: When did drama first begin in history?

Hypothesis: At the beginning of Greek literature stand the two monumental works of Homer: the Iliad and the Odyssey.


Premise: in 2011, Beyonce performed for four nights where?

Hypothesis: Her fourth studio album 4 was released on June 28, 2011 in the US.


Premise: What big cats in Indonesia also attack dogs?

Hypothesis: Tigers in Manchuria, Indochina, Indonesia, and Malaysia are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as leopards.


Premise: What rebellion began in January of 2012?

Hypothesis: In March, military officer Amadou Sanogo seized power in a coup d'état, citing Touré's failures in quelling the rebellion, and leading to sanctions and an embargo by the Economic Community of West African States.


Premise: What caused inflation to Iran's economy during the oil price spike in 1973?

Hypothesis: Due to the 1973 spike in oil prices, the economy of Iran was flooded with foreign currency, which caused inflation.


Premise: What was King Faisal's position toward Nasser?

Hypothesis: While Nasser was in Syria, King Saud planned to have him assassinated on his return flight to Cairo.


Premise: What is the population of the Alpine region?

Hypothesis: The population of the region is 14 million spread across eight countries.


Premise: What is the relation between the number of base pairs and total complement of genes in a species called?

Hypothesis: At present, the highest known number of genes is around 60,000, for the protozoan causing trichomoniasis (see List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes), almost three times as many as in the human genome.


Premise: How far did crop prices fall?

Hypothesis: Farming and rural areas suffered as crop prices fell by roughly 60 percent.


Premise: What were ANSI values often called in the beginning?

Hypothesis: Based on earlier research work by Loyd Ancile Jones (1884–1954) of Kodak and inspired by the systems of Weston film speed ratings and General Electric film values, the American Standards Association (now named ANSI) defined a new method to determine and specify film speeds of black-and-white negative films in 1943.


Premise: When did Irgun attack the British administrative headquarters?

Hypothesis: The attack initially had the approval of the Haganah (the principal Jewish paramilitary group in Palestine).


Premise: When did the Fraunhofer institute send out a letter?

Hypothesis: To make, sell and/or distribute products using the [MPEG Layer-3] standard and thus our patents, you need to obtain a license under these patents from us."


Premise: When did the TSFSR break up into three parts?

Hypothesis: The situation was difficult for the church, which struggled under Soviet rule.


Premise: How long were Sasanin Persians ruling Egypt?

Hypothesis: When they defeated the Byzantine Armies in Egypt, the Arabs brought Sunni Islam to the country.


Premise: What are antibodies comprised of?

Hypothesis: Antibodies are specific proteins released from a certain class of immune cells known as B lymphocytes, while antigens are defined as anything that elicits the generation of antibodies ("anti"body "gen"erators).


Premise: What happens after a bill is delivered to the OFR?

Hypothesis: After the President signs a bill into law (or Congress enacts it over his veto), it is delivered to the Office of the Federal Register (OFR) of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) where it is assigned a law number, and prepared for publication as a slip law.


Premise: CJFC, CHAT, and CKPG are owned by whom?

Hypothesis: Incidentally, CFJC, CKPG and CHAT are all owned by an independent media company, Jim Pattison Group.


Premise: At what island did the Globe arrive in 1824?

Hypothesis: One year later, the American schooner Dolphin arrived and picked up two boys, the last survivors of a massacre by the natives due to their brutal treatment of the women.:2


Premise: Who did the Ming dynasty showed favors to?

Hypothesis: Of the third Dalai Lama, China Daily states that the "Ming dynasty showed him special favor by allowing him to pay tribute.


Premise: Why the commuter lines built to different standards can cause be complicated?

Hypothesis: This can cause electrification of certain connections to be very expensive simply because of the implications on the sections it is connecting.


Premise: What is the average annual precipitation along San Diego's coast?

Hypothesis: Rainfall is usually greater in the higher elevations of San Diego; some of the higher elevation areas of San Diego can receive 11–15 inches (280–380 mm) of rain a year.


Premise: Truman wanted Eisenhower to run for the presidency as a member of what party?

Hypothesis: In defeating Taft for the nomination, it became necessary for Eisenhower to appease the right wing Old Guard of the Republican Party; his selection of Richard M. Nixon as the Vice-President on the ticket was designed in part for that purpose.


Premise: How many games did Jeff Foley play in?

Hypothesis: The 5-foot-6 (170 cm), self-described "unathletic writer" played in three preseason games and had one catch for −2 yards.


Premise: IN 1858 who was szlachta out of all the russian nobles?

Hypothesis: All this was to punish the szlachta's role in the uprisings of 1830 and 1863.


Premise: During the Helvetic Republic, which forces invaded Switzerland when war broke out between France and its rivals?

Hypothesis: The Swiss refused to fight alongside the French in the name of the Helvetic Republic.


Premise: What ingredient is used for amylotytic fermentation in sake?

Hypothesis: A fermented beverage using rice and fruit was made in China around 7000 BC.


Premise: What two words is "architecture" a combination of?

Hypothesis: Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures.


Premise: What does the capacitor on the second winding of a squirrel cage motor do?

Hypothesis: To start the motor, a secondary "start" winding has a series non-polarized starting capacitor to introduce a lead in the sinusoidal current.


Premise: Who is the abbey dedicated to?

Hypothesis: Westminster diocese was dissolved in 1550, but the abbey was recognised (in 1552, retroactively to 1550) as a second cathedral of the Diocese of London until 1556.


Premise: To be true architecture in Ruskin's opinion what should be done to a structure?

Hypothesis: His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned".


Premise: What do the partians do on the conveyor?

Hypothesis: The conveyor often includes partitions to ensure that the material moves forward.


Premise: Which organism acts as a single non coding RNA gene?

Hypothesis: The smallest genomes occur in viruses (which can have as few as 2 protein-coding genes), and viroids (which act as a single non-coding RNA gene).


Premise: How many clubs where in the first football league?

Hypothesis: England is also home to the world's first football league, which was founded in Birmingham in 1888 by Aston Villa director William McGregor.


Premise: Does ending child labour have a global value?

Hypothesis: In other words, there are moral and economic reasons that justify a blanket ban on labour from children aged 18 years or less, everywhere in the world.


Premise: Which past mayor of Seattle has been criticized for favoring the rich of industry at the expense of the people?

Hypothesis: While some see the new development as an economic boon, others have criticized Nickels and the Seattle City Council for pandering to Allen's interests at taxpayers' expense.


Premise: What is another benefit of a "destination operating panel"?

Hypothesis: In this way, travel time is reduced as the elevator makes fewer stops for individual passengers, and the computer distributes adjacent stops to different cars in the bank.


Premise: What does Article 370 say?

Hypothesis: Article 370 makes special provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir as per its Instrument of Accession.


Premise: What group did Hafiz Muhammad Saeed lead?

Hypothesis: Zayn al-Abidn Muhammed Hasayn Abu Zubaydah was arrested by Pakistani officials during a series of joint U.S.-Pakistan raids.


Premise: What does slahta mean?

Hypothesis: , the Polish "rycerz" ("knight", cognate of the German "Ritter") and the Polish "herb" ("coat of arms", from the German "Erbe", "heritage").


Premise: Which natural disaster occurred on October 29, 2012 in NYC?

Hypothesis: Hurricane Sandy brought a destructive storm surge to New York City on the evening of October 29, 2012, flooding numerous streets, tunnels, and subway lines in Lower Manhattan and other areas of the city and cutting off electricity in many parts of the city and its suburbs.


Premise: How many miles long was the human chain?

Hypothesis: On January 21, 1990, Rukh organized a 300-mile (480 km) human chain between Kiev, Lviv, and Ivano-Frankivsk.


Premise: How much of Ireland's Russian speakers are Irish citizens?

Hypothesis: 20% held Irish citizenship, while 27% and 14% were holding the passports of Latvia and Lithuania respectively.


Premise: Which third-highest-ranking al-Qaeda officer was captured?

Hypothesis: Zubaydah is said to have been a high-ranking al-Qaeda official with the title of operations chief and in charge of running al-Qaeda training camps.


Premise: Where are the rotifera most prominent?

Hypothesis: These were originally considered some of the most primitive Bilateria, but it now appears they developed from more complex ancestors.


Premise: What was code pleading ultimately replaced by?

Hypothesis: The old English division between common law and equity courts was abolished in the federal courts by the adoption of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure in 1938; it has also been independently abolished by legislative acts in nearly all states.


Premise: What became publicly available on 6 December 1991?

Hypothesis: The initial near-complete MPEG-1 standard (parts 1, 2 and 3) was publicly available on 6 December 1991 as ISO CD 11172.


Premise: What are some inland provinces that began to develop modern, westernized education systems?

Hypothesis: In the 20th century, as Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, and Wuhan had all been occupied by the Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese War, the capital of the Republic of China had been temporary relocated to Chongqing, then a major city in Sichuan.


Premise: Which campus holds the undergraduate schools, the Graduate school, and the Kellogg school of Management?

Hypothesis: Northwestern's Evanston campus, where the undergraduate schools, the Graduate School, and the Kellogg School of Management are located, runs north-south from Lincoln Avenue to Clark Street west of Lake Michigan along Sheridan Road.


Premise: What is the estimate for the total number of protein coding genes on Earth?

Hypothesis: The total number of protein-coding genes (the Earth's proteome) is estimated to be 5 million sequences.


Premise: How much was Kanye paid to perform in Kazakhstan?

Hypothesis: West was reportedly paid US$3 million for his performance.