Premise: How do supernatural entities act?

Hypothesis: Anthropologist Stewart Guthrie contends that people project human features onto non-human aspects of the world because it makes those aspects more familiar.


Premise: How many ancient canons exist in the Eastern Church?

Hypothesis: The Apostolic Canons or Ecclesiastical Canons of the Same Holy Apostles is a collection of ancient ecclesiastical decrees (eighty-five in the Eastern, fifty in the Western Church) concerning the government and discipline of the Early Christian Church, incorporated with the Apostolic Constitutions which are part of the Ante-Nicene Fathers


Premise: The type of videographic recording medium used and the image's characteristics determine what?

Hypothesis: The optimum format for a broadcast depends upon the type of videographic recording medium used and the image's characteristics.


Premise: What dictates that a receipt for expenditures of all public money must be published?

Hypothesis: The sums of money reported in the "Statements" are currently being expressed in U.S. dollars (for example, see the 2009 Financial Report of the United States Government).


Premise: What does 基督徒 (pinyin: jīdū tú) mean?

Hypothesis: (pinyin: jīdū tú), literally "Christ follower.


Premise: What year did the Union Castle shipping line slowly start to reduce their service calls to the island?

Hypothesis: Curnow Shipping, based in Avonmouth, replaced the Union-Castle Line mailship service in 1977, using the RMS (Royal Mail Ship)


Premise: Which non-profit non-governmental organization is located in Ann Arbor?

Hypothesis: The city is also home to National Sanitation Foundation International (NSF International), the nonprofit non-governmental organization that develops generally accepted standards for a variety of public health related industries and subject areas.


Premise: What is the point of near field communications?

Hypothesis: New features and functionality in Windows 8 include a faster startup through UEFI integration and the new "Hybrid Boot" mode (which hibernates the Windows kernel on shutdown to speed up the subsequent boot), a new lock screen with a clock and notifications, and the ability for enterprise users to create live USB versions of Windows (known as Windows To Go).


Premise: What did changing the status of the abbey create?

Hypothesis: Henry VIII assumed direct royal control in 1539 and granted the abbey the status of a cathedral by charter in 1540, simultaneously issuing letters patent establishing the Diocese of Westminster.


Premise: What do lice require human clothing to do?

Hypothesis: Scientists are still debating when people started wearing clothes.


Premise: Along with the 88, what other AAA battalion gun made a good anti-tank weapon?

Hypothesis: Also available to the Americans at the start of the war was the 120 mm M1 gun stratosphere gun, which was the most powerful AA gun with an impressive 60,000 ft (18 km) altitude capability.


Premise: What was the movement called also known as execution of laws?

Hypothesis: One of the most famous members of this movement was Jan Zamoyski.


Premise: In what nation's pubs is food often served?

Hypothesis: The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation.


Premise: What do the Italian Swiss call Switzerland?

Hypothesis: Straddling the intersection of Germanic and Romance Europe, Switzerland comprises four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh.


Premise: What priesthood rules do Protestant churches reject?

Hypothesis: Protestant churches reject the idea of a celibate priesthood and thus allow their clergy to marry.


Premise: What do the katharos vase and vine refer to?

Hypothesis: Peacocks are symbols of paradise and resurrection; shown eating or drinking from the vase they indicate the route to eternal life.


Premise: What year did oil price spikes in Iran lead to inflation?

Hypothesis: Due to the 1973 spike in oil prices, the economy of Iran was flooded with foreign currency, which caused inflation.


Premise: The United Nations Organization and UNICEF felt the relay could be used as what?

Hypothesis: The United Nations Organization and its children's agency UNICEF withdrew their staff, saying that it wasn't sure the event would help its mission of raising awareness of conditions for children and amid concerns that the relay would be used as a propaganda stunt.


Premise: According to Hayek, what is necessary for the implementation of a socialist economy?

Hypothesis: In Hayek's view, the central role of the state should be to maintain the rule of law, with as little arbitrary intervention as possible.


Premise: In what city and state did the 1993 All-Star Game occur?

Hypothesis: The second Allstar game was in Oct. 2013, with two games, the first in Honolulu, Hawai'i, the second being in Beijing, China.


Premise: What was the name of the company that held the patents from Edison's research?

Hypothesis: During 1889, Thomas Edison had business interests in many electricity-related companies: Edison Lamp Company, a lamp manufacturer in East Newark, New Jersey; Edison Machine Works, a manufacturer of dynamos and large electric motors in Schenectady, New York; Bergmann & Company, a manufacturer of electric lighting fixtures, sockets, and other electric lighting devices; and Edison Electric Light Company, the patent-holding company and the financial arm backed by J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilt family for Edison's lighting experiments.


Premise: When did many of the ideas associated with the term "race" arise?

Hypothesis: The European concept of "race", along with many of the ideas now associated with the term, arose at the time of the scientific revolution, which introduced and privileged the study of natural kinds, and the age of European imperialism and colonization which established political relations between Europeans and peoples with distinct cultural and political traditions.


Premise: What library was Pres. Bateman responsible for expanding?

Hypothesis: Bateman was responsible for the building of 36 new buildings for the university both on and off campus, including the expansion of the Harold B. Lee Library.


Premise: Madonna brought which type of music to mainstream with Ray of Light?

Hypothesis: In True Blue, she incorporated classical music in order to engage an older audience who had been skeptical of her music.


Premise: During which dynasty was the term Xizang first used?

Hypothesis: Tibetan people, language, and culture, regardless of where they are from, are referred to as Zang (Chinese: 藏; pinyin: Zàng) although the geographical term Xīzàng is often limited to the Tibet Autonomous Region.


Premise: Wat was the purpose of the Patriarch when they were sent north?

Hypothesis: The attack was the first encounter between the Rus' and Byzantines and led the Patriarch to send missionaries north to engage and attempt to convert the Rus' and the Slavs.


Premise: What year did the Neuropsychopharmacology journal publist a study about the effect on the brain of beers flavor?

Hypothesis: Test results indicated that the flavour of the beer triggered a dopamine release, even though alcohol content in the spray was insufficient for the purpose of becoming intoxicated.


Premise: Who is the only reigning Monarch to have visited the island?

Hypothesis: King George VI is the only reigning monarch to have visited the island.


Premise: Paganism was forbidden by what Roman Emperor?

Hypothesis: Theodosius I in 391-392.


Premise: What is the capacity of long term memory?

Hypothesis: The storage in sensory memory and short-term memory generally has a strictly limited capacity and duration, which means that information is not retained indefinitely.


Premise: What is one popular wrestling film?

Hypothesis: Several documentaries have been produced looking at professional wrestling, most notably, Beyond the Mat directed by Barry W. Blaustein, and Wrestling with Shadows featuring wrestler Bret Hart and directed by Paul Jay.


Premise: What should MPI characterization of a person be combined with for deriving the most useful case descriptions?

Hypothesis: The Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) is a questionnaire designed to assess the psychosocial state of a person with chronic pain.


Premise: Who opened some of the first department stores in the Philippines?

Hypothesis: Some of the earliest department stores in the Philippines were located in Manila as early as 1898 with the opening of the American Bazaar, which was later named Beck's.


Premise: What king united the tribes in the 9th century?

Hypothesis: The migration-period peoples who later coalesced into a "German" ethnicity were the Germanic tribes of the Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii.


Premise: Which Chinese admiral was related to the development of Islam in Indonesia & Malaya?

Hypothesis: Indonesian religious leader and Islamic scholar Hamka (1908–1981) wrote in 1961: "The development of Islam in Indonesia and Malaya is intimately related to a Chinese Muslim, Admiral Zheng He."


Premise: Why did P. Christiaan Klieger believe that the Ming court supported high Tibetan lamas?

Hypothesis: Sperling states that the delicate relationship between the Ming and Tibet was "the last time a united China had to deal with an independent Tibet," that there was a potential for armed conflict at their borders, and that the ultimate goal of Ming foreign policy with Tibet was not subjugation but "avoidance of any kind of Tibetan threat."


Premise: What are the most visible predators of insects?

Hypothesis: Insectivorous insects, or insects which feed on other insects, are beneficial to humans because they eat insects that could cause damage to agriculture and human structures.


Premise: What did Forbes call Miami in 2008?

Hypothesis: In 2012, Miami was classified as an Alpha−World City in the World Cities Study Group's inventory.


Premise: One exception that is not high speed high rise and large capacity is what?

Hypothesis: But it can also be some form of disc type like 1 or more calipers over a disc in one end of the motor shaft or drive sheave which is used in high speed, high rise and large capacity elevators with machine rooms(an exception is the Kone MonoSpace's EcoDisc which is not high speed, high rise and large capacity and is machine room less


Premise: Lester Brown states that the market does not incorporate what?

Hypothesis: Lester Brown states that the market "does not incorporate the indirect costs of providing goods or services into prices, it does not value nature's services adequately, and it does not respect the sustainable-yield thresholds of natural systems".


Premise: Who was a notable chief of the Miami police?

Hypothesis: Miami's chief of police, H. Leslie Quigg, did not hide the fact that he, like many other white Miami police officers, was a member of the Ku Klux Klan.


Premise: What is the estimated number of mobile subscribers in Somalia in 2015?

Hypothesis: According to the Somali Economic Forum, the number of internet users in Somalia rose from only 200 in the year 2000 to 106,000 users in 2011, with the percentage continuing to rise.


Premise: How many congregations did the Jehovah's Witnesses have in 2015?

Hypothesis: As of August 2015, Jehovah's Witnesses report an average of 8.2 million publishers—the term they use for members actively involved in preaching—in 118,016 congregations.


Premise: Which company is responsible for the HD version of Twilight Princess?

Hypothesis: The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD, is being developed by Tantalus Media for the Wii U. Officially announced during a Nintendo Direct presentation on November 12, 2015, it features enhanced graphics and Amiibo functionality.


Premise: What is the population of New Delhi?

Hypothesis: New Delhi has a literacy rate of 89.38% according to 2011 census, which is highest in Delhi.


Premise: What is the title of Airbourne's debut lp?

Hypothesis: Fellow Australians Airbourne's début album Runnin' Wild (2007) followed in the hard riffing tradition of AC/DC.


Premise: Where are the majority of the U.S.'s crimes prosecuted?

Hypothesis: The majority of the crimes committed in the United States are prosecuted and punished at the state level.


Premise: The London Natural History Society has document how many species of butterfly?

Hypothesis: The London Natural History Society suggest that London is "one of the World's Greenest Cities" with more than 40 percent green space or open water.


Premise: AME Zion Churches were first established in what part of America?

Hypothesis: Historian Eric Foner noted that blacks were glad to be relieved of the many regulations of slavery and to operate outside of white surveillance.


Premise: Where would one find a collection of historical medical equipment?

Hypothesis: The Beinecke Rare Book Library has a large collection of rare books and manuscripts.


Premise: What plumbing component was once made out of elm?

Hypothesis: Elm in particular was used for this purpose as it resisted decay as long as it was kept wet (it also served for water pipe before the advent of more modern plumbing).


Premise: What was the profession of George Marshall?

Hypothesis: In its early years Universal released three brands of feature films — Red Feather, low-budget programmers; Bluebird, more ambitious productions; and Jewel, their prestige motion pictures.


Premise: What was Menander I refered to by in Buddhist texts?

Hypothesis: In about 155 (or 165) BC he seems to have been succeeded by the most successful of the Indo-Greek kings, Menander I. Menander converted to Buddhism, and seems to have been a great patron of the religion; he is remembered in some Buddhist texts as 'Milinda'.


Premise: Which lobes of the lungs are more often affected by TB?

Hypothesis: Tuberculosis may become a chronic illness and cause extensive scarring in the upper lobes of the lungs.


Premise: What type of degree was given out at a English university?

Hypothesis: English, French and German universities usually awarded bachelor's degrees, with the exception of degrees in theology, for which the doctorate was more common.


Premise: What is another benefit of measuring sexuality on two scaless verses just the Kinsey scale?

Hypothesis: When they are measured independently, the degree of heterosexual and homosexual can be independently determined, rather than the balance between heterosexual and homosexual as determined using the Kinsey Scale.


Premise: The torch route covered six what?

Hypothesis: The Beijing Organizing Committee attempted to continue negotiation, but further disputes arose over the flag or the anthem of the Republic of China along the 24 km torch route in Taiwan.


Premise: What type of musicians were artists such as Diana Ross, James Taylor, Carly Simon, Carole King and Janis Ian?

Hypothesis: Easy Listening radio also began including songs by artists who had begun in other genres, such as rock and roll or R&B.


Premise: Who was an ancestor of the First Families of Virginia?

Hypothesis: As a result, English laws did not exclude people with some Indigenous American ancestry from being considered English or white.


Premise: Regulations were proposed by Obama in January 2010 to limit the ability of banks to engage in which type trading?

Hypothesis: In January 2010, Obama proposed additional regulations limiting the ability of banks to engage in proprietary trading.


Premise: When was Gelug was given the right to conduct the New Years prayer?

Hypothesis: However, it was not until 1518 that the secular Phagmodru ruler captured Lhasa from the Rinbung, and thereafter the Gelug was given rights to conduct the New Years prayer.


Premise: An unauthorized user with physical access to a computer can likely do what?

Hypothesis: An unauthorized user gaining physical access to a computer is most likely able to directly download data from it.


Premise: Which individual held the responsibility to oversee the interactions of the empire's nobles with the court?

Hypothesis: The Minister of the Household was in charge of the emperor's security within the palace grounds, external imperial parks and wherever the emperor made an outing by chariot.


Premise: Whose work did the theory of Stanley Schachter build on?

Hypothesis: Stanley Schachter formulated his theory on the earlier work of a Spanish physician, Gregorio Marañón, who injected patients with epinephrine and subsequently asked them how they felt.


Premise: How many passenger trips were made by tram in Melbourne between 2013-2014?

Hypothesis: Melbourne is currently building 50 new E Class trams with some already in service in 2014.


Premise: Identity diffusion, foreclosure, and crisis are categories of what?

Hypothesis: Here, with respect to identity diffusion for example, an optimal level is interpreted as the norm, as it is unrealistic to expect an individual to resolve all their conflicted identifications with others; therefore we should be alert to individuals with levels which are much higher or lower than the norm – highly diffused individuals are classified as diffused, and those with low levels as foreclosed or defensive.


Premise: What did the rebellion to the new football measures start?

Hypothesis: There was a mood of alarm and mistrust, and, while the crisis was developing, the presidents of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton developed a project to reform the sport and forestall possible radical changes forced by government upon the sport.


Premise: On what street was the Grecian Saloon located?

Hypothesis: A most famous London saloon was the Grecian Saloon in The Eagle, City Road, which is still famous because of a nursery rhyme: "Up and down the City Road / In and out The Eagle /


Premise: Who was the first person to carry the torch in Macao?

Hypothesis: It was the first time that the Olympic torch had traveled to Macau.


Premise: The newer constitution divide power among what branches of government?

Hypothesis: The constitution provides for a separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.


Premise: What is the study of heresy?

Hypothesis: Heresiology is the study of heresy.


Premise: What was on HD1 for 4 or 5 hours per day?

Hypothesis: The HD1 channel was initially free-to-air and mainly comprised sporting, dramatic, musical and other cultural events broadcast with a multi-lingual soundtrack on a rolling schedule of 4 or 5 hours per day.


Premise: What was the name of the database product created by IBM?

Hypothesis: Codd's ideas were establishing themselves as both workable and superior to CODASYL, pushing IBM to develop a true production version of System R, known as SQL/DS, and, later, Database 2 (DB2).


Premise: France had to consent to pay how much in war indemnity?

Hypothesis: Bismarck honoured the armistice, by allowing train loads of food into Paris and withdrawing Prussian forces to the east of the city, prior to a full withdrawal once France agreed to pay a five billion franc war indemnity.


Premise: How did The Sun describe John Major's Conservatives?

Hypothesis: John Major's Conservatives, it said, were "tired, divided and rudderless".


Premise: How many soldiers defended Torii's last stand?

Hypothesis: In a dramatic last stand, the garrison of 2,000 men held out against overwhelming odds for ten days against the massive army of Ishida Mitsunari's 40,000 warriors.


Premise: What group was established in 1921 in response to the clash between socialism and consumerism?

Hypothesis: Socialism confronted consumerism in the chain State Department Stores (GUM), set up by Lenin in 1921 as a model retail enterprise.


Premise: What did the 1912 exhiibtion of Cubism show?

Hypothesis: The fact that the 1912 exhibition had been curated to show the successive stages through which Cubism had transited, and that Du "Cubisme" had been published for the occasion, indicates the artists' intention of making their work comprehensible to a wide audience (art critics, art collectors, art dealers and the general public).


Premise: Where were the computations for hydrogen bomb worked out?

Hypothesis: Von Neumann's hydrogen bomb work was played out in the realm of computing, where he and Stanislaw Ulam developed simulations on von Neumann's digital computers for the hydrodynamic computations.


Premise: Who did a study in 2007 regarding the five countries with the highest rates of software piracy?

Hypothesis: According to a 2007 BSA and International Data Corporation (IDC) study, the five countries with the highest rates of software piracy were: 1.


Premise: What was created in 2001 to give students comic scholarships?

Hypothesis: Early post-war Japanese criticism was mostly of a left-wing political nature until the 1986 publication for Tomofusa Kure's Modern Manga: The Complete Picture,[j] which de-emphasized politics in favour of formal aspects, such as structure and a "grammar" of comics.


Premise: What is the treatment of choice for diarrhea?

Hypothesis: Loperamide may help decrease the number of bowel movement but is not recommended in those with severe disease.


Premise: What was Comcast's lobbying budget in 2013?

Hypothesis: Comcast's PAC, the Comcast Corporation and NBCUniversal Political Action Committee, is the among the largest PACs in the US, raising about $3.7 million from 2011-2012 for the campaigns of various candidates for office in the United States Federal Government.


Premise: Whatyear did Victoria marry Prince Albert?

Hypothesis: After Albert's death in 1861, Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances.


Premise: What word means "to avert?"

Hypothesis: To the Romans, he was known in this capacity as Averruncus (/ˌævəˈrʌŋkəs/ AV-ər-RUNG-kəs; from Latin āverruncare, "to avert").


Premise: Who founded algebraic topology?

Hypothesis: For example, Henri Poincaré founded what is now called algebraic topology by introducing the fundamental group.


Premise: How many 400+ foot skyscrapers have been built or are in the process of being built in Miami since 2001?

Hypothesis: Since 2001, Miami has been undergoing a large building boom with more than 50 skyscrapers rising over 400 feet (122 m) built or currently under construction in the city.


Premise: In what region does Estonia hold one of the highest per capita income levels?

Hypothesis: Estonia has had a market economy since the end of the 1990s and one of the highest per capita income levels in Eastern Europe.


Premise: Who was the architect that design the New Haven Free Public Library?

Hypothesis: Cass Gilbert, of the Beaux-Arts school, designed New Haven's Union Station and the New Haven Free Public Library and was also commissioned for a City Beautiful plan in 1919.


Premise: How do Emus migrate long distances during droughts?

Hypothesis: Emus Dromaius novaehollandiae in Australia have been observed to undertake long-distance movements on foot during droughts.


Premise: Who performed at the New Palace Theatre in the 1930s?

Hypothesis: Built in 1815, Union Street was at the heart of Plymouth's historical culture.


Premise: Who made the move to standardize recordings?

Hypothesis: Broadcasters were faced with having to adapt daily to the varied recording characteristics of many sources: various makers of "home recordings" readily available to the public, European recordings, lateral-cut transcriptions, and vertical-cut transcriptions.


Premise: What did most of Gondwana become when the polar ice melted?

Hypothesis: As a result of continued warming, the polar ice caps melted and much of Gondwana became a desert.


Premise: What were revised between 1951 and 1955?

Hypothesis: In 1951 and 1955, the Easter liturgies underwent revision, most notably including the reintroduction of the Easter Triduum.


Premise: When did the Rhine Rift earthquake occur?

Hypothesis: An additional natural disaster was the Rhine rift earthquake of 1356, one of Europe's worst which made ruins of Basel.


Premise: What age ran from 1700 to 1200 BCE?

Hypothesis: Here we have an apotropaic situation, where a god originally bringing the plague was invoked to end it.


Premise: Who was recalled?

Hypothesis: Later that day, Gorbachev hinted for the first time that he was considering stepping down.


Premise: What is the simplest case of an ISP using an upstream ISP?

Hypothesis: ISPs with more than one point of presence (PoP) may have separate connections to an upstream ISP at multiple PoPs, or they may be customers of multiple upstream ISPs and may have connections to each one of them at one or more point of presence.


Premise: During what year did Ashkenazi Jews account for 92 percent of Jews worldwide?

Hypothesis: Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide.


Premise: What did constitutional changes in 2007 prohibit?

Hypothesis: Dessouki also stated that "the real center of power in Egypt is the military".


Premise: When was the phonome's modern concept developed?

Hypothesis: While phonetics concerns the physical production, acoustic transmission and perception of the sounds of speech, phonology describes the way sounds function within a given language or across languages to encode meaning.


Premise: What is the name of the american Poet who is associated with talking about the rigiorous architecture of Cubism?

Hypothesis: This is quite different from the free association of the Surrealists and the combination of unconscious utterance and political nihilism of Dada."


Premise: What was the population of Greater New Haven in 2010?

Hypothesis: It is the second-largest city in Connecticut (after Bridgeport), with a population of 129,779 people as of the 2010 United States Census.


Premise: About how much had the death rate from TB been reduced in Europe by the midpoint of the 20th century?

Hypothesis: In Europe, rates of tuberculosis began to rise in the early 1600s to a peak level in the 1800s, when it caused nearly 25% of all deaths.


Premise: An inclined plane with a conveyor belt describes what type of elevator?

Hypothesis: When such mechanisms (or spiral screws or pneumatic transport) are used to elevate grain for storage in large vertical silos, the entire structure is called a grain elevator.


Premise: How many votes were cast for contestants in the first season?

Hypothesis: Over 110 million votes were cast in the first season, and by season ten the seasonal total had increased to nearly 750 million.


Premise: Which group did Presbyterian churches union with?

Hypothesis: Most Reformed churches which trace their history back to Scotland are either presbyterian or congregationalist in government.


Premise: What man-made body of water was designed in part by George Washington?

Hypothesis: The resistance to the slave trade was growing by the mid-nineteenth century; in one famous case in 1848, Henry "Box" Brown made history by having himself nailed into a small box and shipped from Richmond to abolitionists in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, escaping slavery.


Premise: What may guarantee the self-governing status of the competent states?

Hypothesis: As well as reflecting the federal structure of the state this may guarantee that the self-governing status of the component states cannot be abolished without their consent.


Premise: How did post-punk artists once again approach the studio?

Hypothesis: Author Matthew Bannister wrote that post-punk artists rejected the high cultural references of 1960s rock artists like the Beatles and Bob Dylan as well as paradigms that defined "rock as progressive, as art, as 'sterile' studio perfectionism ... by adopting an avant-garde aesthetic".


Premise: What is the name of the Midrash compilation?

Hypothesis: It may correspond to a Greek word that may have existed in the Greek dialect of the Palestinian Jews, or the text is corrupted from "Germanica."


Premise: The writers Jonassohn and Bjornson cite various reasons for the lack of widespread support of what?

Hypothesis: Jonassohn and Björnson go on to say that none of these alternative definitions have gained widespread support for various reasons.


Premise: How many of the former republics had representatives sign the Protocol?

Hypothesis: Doubts remained over the authority of the Belavezha Accords to disband the Soviet Union, since they were signed by only three republics.


Premise: Which city in North America held the most slaves in the 1700s?

Hypothesis: Discovery of the African Burying Ground in the 1990s, during construction of a new federal courthouse near Foley Square, revealed that tens of thousands of Africans had been buried in the area in the colonial years.


Premise: What non-profit cardiovascular educational association is headquartered in Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: Hyderabad is also home to a number of centres specialising in particular fields such as biomedical sciences, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, such as the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) and National Institute of Nutrition (NIN).


Premise: How is Puerto Rico designated in its constitution?

Hypothesis: Puerto Rico is designated in its constitution as the "Commonwealth of Puerto Rico".


Premise: What race was Beyonce's father?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé's name is a tribute to her mother's maiden name.


Premise: What company was dissolved after the Indian Rebellion?

Hypothesis: After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire.


Premise: When did Japan finish invading Korea?

Hypothesis: He commanded most of Japan's major clans during the invasion of Korea (1592–1598).


Premise: What units are the bulb sizes measured in?

Hypothesis: The numbers represent the maximum diameter, either in 1⁄8 of an inch, or in millimeters, depending on the shape and the region.


Premise: What is a sounds commonly heard when listening to a vinyl that is unintentional.

Hypothesis: If played back on a mono subwoofer system, the noise will cancel, significantly reducing the amount of rumble that is reproduced.


Premise: When did ducks begin to appear in the books of Western Europeon Society ?

Hypothesis: Despite this, ducks did not appear in agricultural texts in Western Europe until about 810 AD, when they began to be mentioned alongside geese, chickens, and peafowl as being used for rental payments made by tenants to landowners.


Premise: What actions of the Soviet Union did The United States oppose?

Hypothesis: The Soviet Union created the Eastern Bloc of countries that it occupied, annexing some as Soviet Socialist Republics and maintaining others as satellite states that would later form the Warsaw Pact.


Premise: Where are the peaks smaller in the range?

Hypothesis: The peaks in the easterly portion of the range, in Austria and Slovenia, are smaller than those in the central and western portions.


Premise: Where was the Royal Institute's Drawing and Archives Collections located originally?

Hypothesis: In 2004, the two institutions created the Architecture Gallery (Room 128) at the V&A showing artefacts from the collections of both institutions, this was the first permanent gallery devoted to architecture in the UK.


Premise: What is Napoleon's legal achievement, still reaching a quarter of the world's legal systems?

Hypothesis: His lasting legal achievement, the Napoleonic Code, has been adopted in various forms by a quarter of the world's legal systems, from Japan to Quebec.


Premise: Ranthamb National Park is known by photographers as what?

Hypothesis: Ranthambore National Park is known worldwide for its tiger population and is considered by both wilderness lovers and photographers as one of the best place in India to spot tigers.


Premise: Who was Kerry's paternal grandmother?

Hypothesis: Kerry's paternal grandparents, shoe businessman Frederick A. "Fred" Kerry and musician Ida Lowe, were immigrants from the Austro-Hungarian Empire.


Premise: What was the time period of Frankish rule?

Hypothesis: Two chronicles, one written by Leontios Machairas and the other by Georgios Voustronios, cover the entire Middle Ages until the end of Frankish rule (4th century–1489).


Premise: What brought communism?

Hypothesis: However, a group of central European economists led by Austrian School economists Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek identified the collectivist underpinnings to the various new socialist and fascist doctrines of government power as being different brands of political totalitarianism.


Premise: When was the doctrine of Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins put into effect?

Hypothesis: Only in a few narrow limited areas, like maritime law, has the Constitution expressly authorized the continuation of English common law at the federal level (meaning that in those areas federal courts can continue to make law as they see fit, subject to the limitations of stare decisis).


Premise: when was jesse saunders' "on and on" a hit?

Hypothesis: By 1985, although the exact origins of the term are debated, "house music" encompassed these locally produced recordings.


Premise: When did Coca-Cola stop being a sponsor of American Idol?

Hypothesis: The third major sponsor AT&T Wireless joined in the second season but ended after season 12, and Coca-Cola officially ended its sponsorship after season 13 amidst the declining ratings of Idol in the mid-2010s.


Premise: Who was the first ambassador to South Vietnam?

Hypothesis: In late 1954, Gen. J. Lawton Collins was made ambassador to "Free Vietnam" (the term South Vietnam came into use in 1955), effectively elevating the country to sovereign status.


Premise: What does the Shimonoseki Strait divide?

Hypothesis: Samurai fought at the naval battle of Dan-no-ura, at the Shimonoseki Strait which separates Honshu and Kyushu in 1185.


Premise: Tanasi is know to have been located and mapped by British traders by which year?

Hypothesis: It is not known whether this was the same town as the one encountered by Juan Pardo, although recent research suggests that Pardo's "Tanasqui" was located at the confluence of the Pigeon River and the French Broad River, near modern Newport.


Premise: What did the integrated system for ADGB link?

Hypothesis: Command and control remained primitive until the late 1930s, when Britain created an integrated system for ADGB that linked the ground-based air defence of the army's AA Command, although field-deployed air defence relied on less sophisticated arrangements.


Premise: How old was Roncalli when elected pope?

Hypothesis: Roncalli was elected pope on 28 October 1958 at age 76 after 11 ballots.


Premise: Despite all the propaganda that ws presented to the East Prussians what did German populations want within the country?

Hypothesis: Despite Nazi propaganda presenting all of the regions annexed as possessing significant German populations that wanted reunification with Germany, the Reich's statistics of late 1939 show that only 31,000 out of 994,092 people in this territory were ethnic Germans.[citation needed]


Premise: Why is it so difficult to locate bugs in software?

Hypothesis: The job of testing is an iterative process as when one bug is fixed, it can illuminate other, deeper bugs, or can even create new ones.


Premise: When will income tax be introduced on Norfolk Island?

Hypothesis: The introduction of income taxation will now come into effect on July 1, 2016, with a variation of opinion on the island about these changes but with many understanding that for the island's governance to continue there is a need to pay into the commonwealth revenue pool so that the island can have assistance in supporting its delivery of State government responsibilities such as health, education, medicare, and infrastructure.


Premise: What school of Yale is located nearest the intersection of Prospect and Sachem streets?

Hypothesis: The carts cluster at three main points: by Yale – New Haven Hospital in the center of the Hospital Green (Cedar and York streets), by Yale's Trumbull College (Elm and York streets), and on the intersection of Prospect and Sachem streets by the Yale School of Management.


Premise: What was severed in 1942, leaving Switzerland completely surrounded by the Axis?

Hypothesis: Switzerland's trade was blockaded by both the Allies and by the Axis.


Premise: What was the nationality of Estêvão Gomes?

Hypothesis: The first scientific map to show the North American East coast continuously, the 1527 world map known as the Padrón Real, was informed by Gomes' expedition, and labeled the Northeast as Tierra de Esteban Gómez in his honor.


Premise: How did Ibn Sina escape from Hamadan?

Hypothesis: Later, however, accompanied by his brother, a favorite pupil, and two slaves, Ibn Sina escaped from the city in the dress of a Sufi ascetic.


Hypothesis: Ford Motor Company and Coca-Cola were two of the first sponsors of American Idol in its first season.


Premise: What are urs?

Hypothesis: The most important urs are: urs of Data Ganj Buksh at Lahore, urs of Hazrat Sultan Bahu at Jhang


Premise: What animal declined across Botswana?

Hypothesis: The numbers of antelope plummeted across Botswana, with a resultant decline in predator numbers, while elephant numbers remained stable and hippopotamus numbers rose.


Premise: Were young apprentices hired for pay?

Hypothesis: Sophisticated schemes were promulgated where children in these colonies between the ages of 5–14 were hired as an apprentice without pay in exchange for learning a craft.


Premise: Why did the X Corps leave Hungnam?

Hypothesis: The X Corps were forced to evacuate by 24 December in order to reinforce the badly depleted U.S. Eighth Army to the south.


Premise: What was required of a LaserDisc to continue playback after 60 minutes?

Hypothesis: After one side was finished playing, a disc has to be flipped over in order to continue watching a movie, and some titles fill two or more discs.


Premise: What is the number 4 leading cause of death in the world?

Hypothesis: While the number of deaths due to nearly every disease have decreased, deaths due to HIV/AIDS have increased fourfold.


Premise: Who was believed to have prevented this from occurring to Mary ?

Hypothesis: The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states "that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin."


Premise: What did the strongest aftershock measure?

Hypothesis: Between 64 and 104 major aftershocks, ranging in magnitude from 4.0 to 6.1, were recorded within 72 hours of the main quake.


Premise: Who warned of impending Israeli attack on Syria in May 1967?

Hypothesis: May he deployed his troops in Sinai near the border with Israel, on 19 May he expelled the UN peacekeepers stationed in the Sinai Peninsula border with Israel, and on 23


Premise: What text did Burnet base his work off of?

Hypothesis: Beginning with Thomas Burnet's Sacred Theory of the Earth in 1681, natural philosophers began to explore the idea that the Earth had changed over time.


Premise: When were the worms found?

Hypothesis: These worms were discovered in the late 1980s at the hydrothermal vents near the Galapagos Islands and have since been found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps in all of the world's oceans.


Premise: What does the Catholic church considered "mixed" in a "mixed marriage"?

Hypothesis: He opened the final session of the council, concelebrating with bishops from countries where the Church was persecuted.


Premise: Name the four opponents of Prussia.

Hypothesis: First, Frederick devastated Prince Soubise's French force at the Battle of Rossbach on 5 November 1757 and then routed a vastly superior Austrian force at the Battle of Leuthen on 5 December 1757 With these victories, Frederick once again established himself as Europe's premier general and his men as Europe's most accomplished soldiers.


Premise: Who won the 2010 Betty Trask Prize?

Hypothesis: Books such as From a Crooked Rib and Links are considered important literary achievements, works which have earned Farah, among other accolades, the 1998 Neustadt International Prize for Literature.


Premise: Who forced William the Lion to swear fealty to him?

Hypothesis: He refused William's request for the earldom of Northumbria, but did not intervene in Scotland itself and focused on his continental problems.


Premise: What countries is trophy hunting frowned upon?

Hypothesis: The safari method of hunting was a development of sport hunting that saw elaborate travel in Africa, India and other places in pursuit of trophies.


Premise: What is the official name for the Minister in charge of tourism on Norfolk Island?

Hypothesis: Four of the members of the Assembly formed the Executive Council, which devised policy and acted as an advisory body to the Administrator.


Premise: What is the average temperature of the Baltic Islands?

Hypothesis: Estonia is situated in the northern part of the temperate climate zone and in the transition zone between maritime and continental climate.


Premise: Birds preen often with the application of secretions from which gland?

Hypothesis: A behaviour termed as anting in which the bird encourages ants to run through their plumage is also thought to help them reduce the ectoparasite load in feathers.


Premise: In what city and state did the arena football test game take place?

Hypothesis: The test game was played in Rockford, Illinois, at the Rockford MetroCentre.


Premise: How much larger is a dog's olfactory cortex than a person's?

Hypothesis: Dogs can detect odour in one part per trillion, as their brain's olfactory cortex is (relative to total brain size) 40 times larger than humans.


Premise: What do many people fear pain treatment will lead to?

Hypothesis: Many Asians do not want to lose respect in society by admitting they are in pain and need help, believing the pain should be borne in silence, while other cultures feel they should report pain right away and get immediate relief.


Premise: What positive effects does a slower-evaporating filament enable?

Hypothesis: The coiled-coil filament evaporates more slowly than a straight filament of the same surface area and light-emitting power.


Premise: In which era, did the first phylum of multicellular organisms appear?

Hypothesis: Over the next 400 million years or so, invertebrate diversity showed little overall trend, and vertebrate diversity shows an overall exponential trend.


Premise: What did the schools elect to contribute money towards, in light of their allegations?

Hypothesis: In addition, the schools together agreed to contribute another £3m to a new charitable educational fund.


Premise: What excuse did Kolingba use to deny the election results?

Hypothesis: After using the excuse of alleged irregularities to suspend the results of the elections as a pretext for holding on to power, President Kolingba came under intense pressure from GIBAFOR to establish a "Conseil National Politique Provisoire de la République" (Provisional National Political Council, CNPPR) and to set up a "Mixed Electoral Commission", which included representatives from all political parties.[citation needed]


Premise: What is it called when a person's vocal cords stay open after a consonant?

Hypothesis: Voiceless aspiration occurs when the vocal cords remain open after a consonant is released.


Premise: What is the oldest part of the city?

Hypothesis: The Historic Center is the oldest part of the city (along with some other, formerly separate colonial towns such as Coyoacán and San Ángel), some of the buildings dating back to the 16th century.


Premise: Right now what percentage of children are employed in the US?

Hypothesis: Africa has the highest percentage of children aged 5–17 employed as child labour, and a total of over 65 million.


Premise: What ethnice groups did the Qing thin made up China?

Hypothesis: The emperors equated the lands of the Qing state (including present day Northeast China, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Tibet and other areas) as "China" in both the Chinese and Manchu languages, defining China as a multi-ethnic state, and rejecting the idea that "China" only meant Han areas.


Premise: how many raised on orthodox Jewish homes abandon orthodox Judaism typically?

Hypothesis: Among Orthodox Jews, the fertility rate stands at about 4.1 children per family, as compared to 1.9 children per family among non-Orthodox Jews, and intermarriage among Orthodox Jews is practically non-existent, standing at about 2%, in contrast to a 71% intermarriage rate among non-Orthodox Jews.


Premise: Where did Sir Henry Norman travel in 1894

Hypothesis: In 1894, Sir Henry Norman, 1st Baronet, a journalist, travelled to the Far East, afterwards writing a book called The Peoples and Politics of the Far East, which came out in 1895.


Premise: What is the cost of R/O produced water?

Hypothesis: Water is delivered at a cost of A$3.50 per m3.


Premise: How many USAF personnel did the reduction end in during 2008?

Hypothesis: These same constraints have seen a sharp reduction in flight hours for crew training since 2005 and the Deputy Chief of Staff for Manpower and Personnel directing Airmen's Time Assessments.


Premise: At that time, who helped develop materialism?

Hypothesis: In Ancient Indian philosophy, materialism developed around 600 BC with the works of Ajita Kesakambali, Payasi, Kanada, and the proponents of the Cārvāka school of philosophy.


Premise: As one of the financial powers, has Germany ever tried to force the crisis states into leaving the eurozone?

Hypothesis: Germany, as a large and financially stable state being in the focus to be asked to guarantee or repay other states debt, has never pushed those exits.


Premise: When was Zhejiang part of the Wu?

Hypothesis: Zhejiang was part of the Wu during the Three Kingdoms.


Premise: What percentage of out-of-state tourists stayed in Tennessee for four or more nights?

Hypothesis: , 25% stayed one night, 15% stayed two nights, and 11% stayed 4 or more nights.


Premise: What French official was kept in the dark about le Secret du roi?

Hypothesis: French policy was, moreover, complicated by the existence of the le Secret du roi—a system of private diplomacy conducted by King Louis XV.


Premise: What happens if a Cardinal is named in pectore, and the pope dies?

Hypothesis: If a pope dies before revealing the identity of an in pectore cardinal, the cardinalate expires.


Premise: What condition did Frédéric describe the piano that arrived to him through many dangerous obstacles?

Hypothesis: I finished them on your little piano, which arrived in the best possible condition in spite of the sea, the bad weather and the Palma customs.


Premise: Chapultepec Castle is located where?

Hypothesis: Chapultepec Park houses the Chapultepec Castle, now a museum on a hill that overlooks the park and its numerous museums, monuments and the national zoo and the National Museum of Anthropology (which houses the Aztec Calendar Stone).


Premise: How many seasons did the first television rights contract award to Sky?

Hypothesis: Sky's monopoly was broken from August 2006 when Setanta Sports was awarded rights to show two out of the six packages of matches available.


Premise: What do many scholars regard the Late Middle Ages as the beginning of?

Hypothesis: Some historians, particularly in Italy, prefer not to speak of the late Middle Ages at all, but rather see the high period of the Middle Ages transitioning to the Renaissance and the modern era.


Premise: Who decided that chemistry and alchemy were different?

Hypothesis: The theory that all matter is made of atoms, which are the smallest constituents of matter that cannot be broken down without losing the basic chemical and physical properties of that matter, was provided by John Dalton in 1803, although the question took a hundred years to settle as proven.


Premise: How many PCs was Dell's Indian plant slated to make in 2007?

Hypothesis: In 2007 the Chennai facility had the target of producing 400,000 desktop PCs, and plans envisaged it starting to produce notebook PCs and other products in the second half of 2007.[citation needed]


Premise: St. George's Town, St. George's Island and St. George's Parish are all referred to as what?

Hypothesis: There is a Hamilton Parish in addition to the City of Hamilton (which is in Pembroke Parish).


Premise: What Toronto building was built in 1817?

Hypothesis: In Montreal, English born architect John Ostell worked on a significant number of remarkable constructions in the Georgian style such as the Old Montreal Custom House and the Grand séminaire de Montréal.


Premise: Who was the Greek king immortalized in Buddhist canon?

Hypothesis: A Greek king, Menander, has even been immortalized in the Buddhist canon.


Premise: Who was the first President of Guinea-Bissau?

Hypothesis: Following independence, the PAIGC killed thousands of local Guinean soldiers who had fought along with the Portuguese Army against guerrillas.


Premise: What was the world's first artificial nuclear reactor?

Hypothesis: The X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, formerly known as the Clinton Pile and X-10 Pile, was the world's second artificial nuclear reactor (after Enrico Fermi's Chicago Pile) and was the first reactor designed and built for continuous operation.


Premise: How many private schools are in the Francophone public school district?

Hypothesis: There are currently 36 primary, elementary and secondary schools in the city of St. John's, including three private schools.


Premise: How old was Beyonce when she went to her first Michael Jackson concert as a kid?

Hypothesis: Aged five, Beyoncé attended her first ever concert where Jackson performed and she claims to have realised her purpose.


Premise: What was the 1993 PowerBook 165c Apple's first portable computer to feature?

Hypothesis: The 1993 PowerBook 165c was Apple's first portable computer to feature a color screen, displaying 256 colors with 640 x 400-pixel resolution.


Premise: What good fortune from Russia assisted Frederick the Great?

Hypothesis: Frederick the Great’s personal reputation was enormously enhanced, as his debt to fortune (Russia’s volte-face after Elizabeth’s death) and to the British subsidy were soon forgotten while the memory of his energy and his military genius was strenuously kept alive.


Premise: What's the approximate number of students in Germany who are enrolled in a university of technology?

Hypothesis: There are 17 universities of technology in Germany with about 290,000 students enrolled.


Premise: When were intergender singles bouts fought on a national scale?

Hypothesis: Later, Chyna became the first female to hold a belt that was not exclusive to women when she won the Intercontinental Championship.


Premise: What year did Victoria fall down the stairs at Windsor?

Hypothesis: Beatrice and Henry planned to marry, but Victoria opposed the match at first, wishing to keep Beatrice at home to act as her companion.


Premise: How many basic emotions did Ekman recognize?

Hypothesis: His research findings led him to classify six emotions as basic: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise.


Premise: Who was modern Greece's first president?

Hypothesis: As soon as the Greek War of Independence broke out in 1821, several Greek Cypriots left for Greece to join the Greek forces.


Premise: Which BYU building features films in several languages?

Hypothesis: This is an on-campus apartment complex where students commit to speak only their chosen foreign language while in their apartments.


Premise: When did Jenny Lind visit Chopin?

Hypothesis: Here in June 1849 he was visited by Jenny Lind.


Premise: How does long term memory encode information?

Hypothesis: While short-term memory encodes information acoustically, long-term memory encodes it semantically:


Premise: What did the potato blight cause Victoria to be called?

Hypothesis: In Ireland, Victoria was labelled "The Famine Queen".


Premise: What decision allowed Gaddafi to move Libya closer to socialism?

Hypothesis: For Gaddafi, this was an important step towards socialism.


Premise: In the 1970 s what developer built high rises in downtown Houston?

Hypothesis: many by real estate developer Gerald D. Hines—culminating with Houston's tallest skyscraper, the 75-floor, 1,002-foot (305 m)-tall JPMorgan Chase Tower (formerly the Texas Commerce Tower), completed in 1982.


Premise: What is name of one of the compositions composed by Athanasius while he lived as a monk?

Hypothesis: Athanasius, after remaining some days in the neighbourhood of the city, finally withdrew into the desert of Upper Egypt, where he remained for a period of six years, living the life of the monks, devoting himself to the composition of a group of writings; "Apology to Constantius", the "Apology for his Flight", the "Letter to the Monks", and the "History of the Arians".


Premise: In 310 Agathocles invaded Tunisia and defeated what army?

Hypothesis: Agathocles then invaded Italy (c. 300 BCE) in defense of Tarentum against the Bruttians and Romans, but was unsuccessful.


Premise: What was the population of San Diego at the time of the 2010 census?

Hypothesis: They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census.


Premise: Chopin's birth is recorded as when?

Hypothesis: The parish baptismal record gives his birthday as 22 February 1810, and cites his given names in the Latin form Fridericus Franciscus (in Polish, he was Fryderyk Franciszek).


Premise: When did Methodist and Baptist preachers oppose slavery and urge manumission?

Hypothesis: By the mid-19th century, northern Baptists tended to oppose slavery.


Premise: The Germans recorded how many causualties in the battle?

Hypothesis: Once blocked from retreat, the French in the fortress of Metz had no choice but to engage in a fight that would see the last major cavalry engagement in Western Europe.


Premise: IBM has towers in which cities?

Hypothesis: Other major campus installations include towers in Montreal, Paris, and Atlanta; software labs in Raleigh-Durham, Rome, Cracow and Toronto; Johannesburg, Seattle; and facilities in Hakozaki and Yamato.


Premise: How long is the pipeline from the Nagarjuna Sagar Dam which the HMWSSB operates?

Hypothesis: The HMWSSB regulates rainwater harvesting, sewerage services and water supply, which is sourced from several dams located in the suburbs.


Premise: What was Issac Backus' profession?

Hypothesis: Thomas Jefferson's influential Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom was enacted in 1786, five years before the Bill of Rights.


Premise: What party has won every election in Namibia?

Hypothesis: Since independence Namibia has successfully completed the transition from white minority apartheid rule to parliamentary democracy.


Premise: What was the reason behind demolishing the city walls?

Hypothesis: To show that the city was safe against attack, he had the city walls demolished, replacing them with Grands Boulevards.


Premise: What type of sports are popular in Brasilia?

Hypothesis: Brasília is known as a departing point for the practice of unpowered air sports, sports that may be practiced with hang gliding or paragliding wings.


Premise: What is included in the list of organizations allowed to use .org?

Hypothesis: It is not designated specifically for charitable organizations or any specific organizational or tax-law status, however; it encompasses anything that is not classifiable as another category.


Premise: How much does a safari hunter spend compared to an average ecotourist?

Hypothesis: Safari hunters are also more likely to use remote areas, uninviting to the typical ecotourist.


Premise: What year was the ADGB created?

Hypothesis: I British term probably coined by Amyas Borton and believed to derive via the Royal Flying Corps from the music-hall comedian George Robey's line "Archibald, certainly not!").


Premise: Other than CD parameters, what else can be used as parameter references?

Hypothesis: They may use the Compact Disc (CD) parameters as references (44.1 kHz, 2 channels at 16 bits per channel or 2×16 bit), or sometimes the Digital Audio Tape (DAT) SP parameters (48 kHz, 2×16 bit).


Premise: What process can sometimes seem arbitrary today?

Hypothesis: All these characters have on the left a radical of three short strokes (氵), which is a reduced form of the character 水 shuǐ meaning "water", indicating that the character has a semantic connection with water.


Premise: Who wrote that it was not suprising that the blame for 9/11 was trying to be blamed on a masonic world order?

Hypothesis: Professor Andrew Prescott of the University of Sheffield writes: "Since at least the time of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, antisemitism has gone hand in hand with anti-masonry, so it is not surprising that allegations that 11 September was a Zionist plot have been accompanied by suggestions that the attacks were inspired by a masonic world order".


Premise: What was something used to minimize the impact of the soverign-debt crisis?

Hypothesis: This changed with the recent sovereign-debt crisis.


Premise: Where did Cabrillo leave from to embark on his journey to the West Coast?

Hypothesis: Arriving on his flagship San Diego, Vizcaíno surveyed the harbor and what are now Mission Bay and Point Loma and named the area for the Catholic Saint Didacus, a Spaniard more commonly known as San Diego de Alcalá.


Premise: What is more significant than isotropic gas pressure past the Karman line?

Hypothesis: The thermosphere in this range has large gradients of pressure, temperature and composition, and varies greatly due to space weather.


Premise: What did the agency propose to find Southwest Airlines?

Hypothesis: Rather than commend the agency for proposing a $10.2 million fine against Southwest Airlines for its failure to conduct mandatory inspections in 2008, he was quoted as saying the following in an Associated Press story: "Penalties against airlines that violate FAA directives should be stiffer.


Premise: What era did this discrimination take place?

Hypothesis: During the apartheid era, those classed as "Coloured" were oppressed and discriminated against.


Premise: Who did the Chinese lose territory to in exchange for help?

Hypothesis: In return for promises of support against the British and the French, the Russian Empire took large chunks of territory in the Northeast in 1860.


Premise: When was the activity of desktop publishing first used?

Hypothesis: In 1985, the combination of the Mac, Apple's LaserWriter printer, and Mac-specific software like Boston Software's MacPublisher and Aldus PageMaker enabled users to design, preview, and print page layouts complete with text and graphics—an activity to become known as desktop publishing.


Premise: When was the Promenade des Berges de la Seine inaugurated?

Hypothesis: Bertrand Delanoë also transformed a section of the highway along the left bank of the Seine into an urban promenade and park, the Promenade des Berges de la Seine, which he inaugurated in June 2013.


Premise: Turkish cuisine originates from what source?

Hypothesis: Many common dishes in the region, descendants of the once-common Ottoman cuisine, include yogurt, döner kebab/gyro/shawarma, cacık/tzatziki, ayran, pita bread, feta cheese, baklava, lahmacun, moussaka, yuvarlak, köfte/keftés/kofta, börek/boureki, rakı/rakia/tsipouro/tsikoudia, meze, dolma, sarma, rice pilaf, Turkish coffee, sujuk, kashk, keşkek, manti, lavash, kanafeh, and more.


Premise: Which RAF technical advisor was the conversation passed onto?

Hypothesis: In June 1940, a German prisoner of war was overheard boasting that the British would never find the Knickebein, even though it was under their noses.


Premise: Did the FBI keep files on Elvis Presley?

Hypothesis: The FBI has maintained files on numerous people, including celebrities such as Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, John Denver, John Lennon, Jane Fonda, Groucho Marx, Charlie Chaplin, the band MC5, Lou Costello, Sonny Bono, Bob Dylan, Michael Jackson, and Mickey Mantle.


Premise: What loses signal strength?

Hypothesis: Intermediate matchings will lose some signal strength, but not as much as a complete mismatch.


Premise: In what former industrial facility is the Richmond National Battlefield Park Visitors Center located?

Hypothesis: Near the riverfront is the Richmond National Battlefield Park Visitors Center and the American Civil War Center at Historic Tredegar, both housed in the former buildings of the Tredegar Iron Works, where much of the ordnance for the war was produced.


Premise: What year did the Mayflower set sail from Southampton?

Hypothesis: The port was the point of departure for the Pilgrim Fathers aboard Mayflower in 1620.


Premise: When did cooperation between communist and nationalist forces end?

Hypothesis: However, its policies of brutality toward the Chinese population, of not yielding any real power to these regimes, and of supporting several rival governments failed to make any of them a viable alternative to the Nationalist government led by Chiang Kai-shek.


Premise: Other than industrial chemicals, what other industry discharges chemicals that can contaminate the environment?

Hypothesis: As far as safety of the human health is concerned, then these environmental contaminants can reduce people's nutritional status and health.


Premise: How many HD channels did the Freeview HD service contain as of December 2013?

Hypothesis: However, Freeview HD is not the first HDTV service over digital terrestrial television in Europe;


Premise: What disease was said to possibly be the result of diets that are high in meat and dairy products?

Hypothesis: Some studies show these to be, in high quantities, possible causes of some cancers.


Premise: How much of their body weight do honey buzzards lose during migration?

Hypothesis: Birds of prey such as honey buzzards which migrate using thermals lose only 10 to 20% of their weight during migration, which may explain why they forage less during migration than do smaller birds of prey with more active flight such as falcons, hawks and harriers.


Premise: What is the third largest ethnic group in Kathmandu?

Hypothesis: The largest ethnic groups are Newar (29.6%), Matwali (25.1% Sunuwar, Gurung, Magars, Tamang etc.), Khas Brahmins (20.51%) and Chettris (18.5%) .


Premise: Who is the Anglican Bishop of Swaziland?

Hypothesis: On 18 July 2012, Ellinah Wamukoya, was elected Anglican Bishop of Swaziland, becoming the first woman to be a bishop in Africa.


Premise: What are the symbols used for deuterium and tritium?

Hypothesis: During the early study of radioactivity, various heavy radioactive isotopes were given their own names, but such names are no longer used, except for deuterium and tritium.


Premise: Who hired Byzantine experts to decorate a rebuilt abbey church?

Hypothesis: "The abbot in his wisdom decided that great number of young monks in the monastery should be thoroughly initiated in these arts" – says the chronicler about the role of the Greeks in the revival of mosaic art in medieval Italy.


Premise: Who married Sacagewea?

Hypothesis: Unless they were specifically adopted into the tribe by an adult male, they could have no social status in it.


Premise: Who created the crystalline silicon solar cell?

Hypothesis: Following the work of Russell Ohl in the 1940s, researchers Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller and Daryl Chapin created the crystalline silicon solar cell in 1954.


Premise: How much was the total investment in renewable energy in 2012?

Hypothesis: As a share of total investment in power plants, wind and solar PV grew from 14% in 2000 to over 60% in 2012.


Premise: About how many cultural and artistic organizations are in New York City?

Hypothesis: New York City has more than 2,000 arts and cultural organizations and more than 500 art galleries of all sizes.


Premise: What is the most popular sport in Portugal?

Hypothesis: The legendary Eusébio is still a major symbol of Portuguese football history.


Premise: Which artist guested on a live version of Queen's The Show Must Go On?

Hypothesis: By this point, Queen's vast amount of record sales made them the second best selling artist in the UK of all time, behind the Beatles.


Premise: marshall jefferson got involved in house music after hearing whose music?

Hypothesis: "Move Your Body (The House-Music Anthem)," (originally released on Chicago-based Trax Records) got involved in house music after hearing Ron Hardy's music in Muzic Box.


Premise: What trend led to the decrease of Estonia's GDP?

Hypothesis: Because of the global economic recession that began in 2007, the GDP of Estonia decreased by 1.4% in the 2nd quarter of 2008, over 3% in the 3rd quarter of 2008, and over 9% in the 4th quarter of 2008.


Premise: Which architects in the US and Britain still employ the Georgian style for private residences?

Hypothesis: In both the United States and Britain, the Georgian style is still employed by architects like Quinlan Terry Julian Bicknell and Fairfax and Sammons for private residences.


Premise: Who was responsible for crafting a new look for all Apple products?

Hypothesis: Apple instead brought the design work in-house by establishing the Apple Industrial Design Group, becoming responsible for crafting a new look for all Apple products.


Premise: What was the last international competition Egypt hosted?

Hypothesis: Egypt has hosted several international competitions.


Premise: Does the Government of Ireland use the British Isle term?

Hypothesis: The Government of Ireland does not recognise or use the term and its embassy in London discourages its use.


Premise: What type of music do Foo Fighters and Harvey Danger perform?

Hypothesis: The city is also home to such varied artists as avant-garde jazz musicians Bill Frisell and Wayne Horvitz, hot jazz musician Glenn Crytzer, hip hop artists Sir Mix-a-Lot, Macklemore, Blue Scholars, and Shabazz Palaces, smooth jazz saxophonist Kenny G, classic rock staples Heart and Queensrÿche, and alternative rock bands such as Foo Fighters, Harvey Danger, The Presidents of the United States of America, The Posies, Modest Mouse, Band of Horses, Death Cab for Cutie, and Fleet Foxes.


Premise: Instead of having an enduring essence, what does Whitehead believe?

Hypothesis: To put it another way, a thing or person is often seen as having a "defining essence" or a "core identity" that is unchanging, and describes what the thing or person really is.


Premise: How many total games does each club in the Premier League play per season?

Hypothesis: During the course of a season (from August to May) each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 38 games.


Premise: What traditions did the seasonal festivals incorporate?

Hypothesis: A comparison of surviving Roman religious calendars suggests that official festivals were organized according to broad seasonal groups that allowed for different local traditions.


Premise: Who was Maria's mother?

Hypothesis: In July 1836 Chopin travelled to Marienbad and Dresden to be with the Wodziński family, and in September he proposed to Maria, whose mother Countess Wodzińska approved in principle.


Premise: What is the name given to the Annunciation in the 1662 Book of Common Prayer?

Hypothesis: The Annunciation is called the "Annunciation of our Lady" in the 1662 Book of Common Prayer.


Premise: Which publication was associated with the soundtrack release?

Hypothesis: Both six- and seven-track versions of the game's soundtrack were released on November 19, 2006, as part of a Nintendo Power promotion and bundled with replicas of the Master Sword and the Hylian Shield.


Premise: In what century did the Gothic style first flourish?

Hypothesis: From the early 12th century, French builders developed the Gothic style, marked by the use of rib vaults, pointed arches, flying buttresses, and large stained glass windows.


Premise: What do Torrent files NOT contain?

Hypothesis: Some torrent indexing and search sites, such as The Pirate Bay, now encourage the use of magnet links, instead of direct links to torrent files, creating another layer of indirection; using such links, torrent files are obtained from other peers, rather than from a particular website.


Premise: Gray color is often called what when referring to dogs?

Hypothesis: For example, height measured to the withers ranges from 15.2 centimetres (6.0 in) in the Chihuahua to about 76 cm (30 in) in the Irish Wolfhound; color varies from white through grays (usually called "blue") to black, and browns from light (tan) to dark ("red" or "chocolate") in a wide variation of patterns; coats can be short or long, coarse-haired to wool-like, straight, curly, or smooth.


Premise: Rousseau argued for a society based on what, rather than faith?

Hypothesis: The political philosopher Montesquieu introduced the idea of a separation of powers in a government, a concept which was enthusiastically adopted by the authors of the United States Constitution.


Premise: What acted as a physical obstacle to anti-aircraft defence?

Hypothesis: Another aspect of anti-aircraft defence was the use of barrage balloons to act as physical obstacle initially to bomber aircraft over cities and later for ground attack aircraft over the Normandy invasion fleets.


Premise: What priesthood was reserved solely for women?

Hypothesis: Some rituals specifically required the presence of women, but their active participation was limited.


Premise: Western political philosophy originates in what philosophy?

Hypothesis: Western political philosophy originates in the philosophy of ancient Greece, where political philosophy dates back to at least Plato.


Premise: What was the nationality of Matsushita Electric?

Hypothesis: He located Japanese electronics manufacturer Matsushita Electric (now known as Panasonic), which agreed to acquire MCA for $6.6 billion in 1990.


Premise: How long was the doctrines of Galen in use for?

Hypothesis: Most of Galen's teachings were gathered and enhanced in the late 11th century by Benedictine monks at the School of Salerno in Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum, which still had users in the 17th century.


Premise: What other famous movie did Cacoyannis direct?

Hypothesis: During the 1970s and 1980s Theo Angelopoulos directed a series of notable and appreciated movies.


Premise: Edwin Hubble's discovery about galaxies allowed for which theory by Georges Lemaitre?

Hypothesis: Not only did quantum mechanics show that the laws of motion did not hold on small scales, but even more disturbingly, the theory of general relativity, proposed by Einstein in 1915, showed that the fixed background of spacetime, on which both Newtonian mechanics and special relativity depended, could not exist.


Premise: What is the second most common minority group in Nanjing?

Hypothesis: As in most of eastern China the ethnic makeup of Nanjing is predominantly Han nationality (98.56 percent), with 50 other minority nationalities.


Premise: What work did the Bishop suggest for Athanasius?

Hypothesis: After questioning Athanasius, Bishop Alexander informed him that the baptisms were genuine, as both the form and matter of the sacrament had been performed through the recitation of the correct words and the administration of water, and that he must not continue to do this as those baptized had not been properly catechized.


Premise: Was the third volume of the first edition deemed sufficient?

Hypothesis: The third volume of that first edition was published in 1987, but was already being superseded by a second, revised edition of the entire work, greatly aided through the advice and assistance of then Yale doctoral candidate Grant Hardy, Dr. Gordon C. Thomasson, Professor John W. Welch (the head of FARMS), Professor Royal Skousen, and others too numerous to mention here.


Premise: In 1806 who did Gorkas defeat with the help of provincial chiefs?

Hypothesis: In the revolt of 1857, or first Indian war of independence, arising from a number of grievances against the British, the people of the hill states were not as politically active as were those in other parts of the country.


Premise: What bacteria was observed as before prokaryotic cytoskeleton was discovered?

Hypothesis: As they are prokaryotes, bacteria do not usually have membrane-bound organelles in their cytoplasm, and thus contain few large intracellular structures.


Premise: Where is the annual Boston Arts festival?

Hypothesis: There are several major annual events such as First Night, which occurs on New Year's Eve, the Boston Early Music Festival, the annual Boston Arts Festival at Christopher Columbus Waterfront Park, and Italian summer feasts in the North End honoring Catholic saints.


Premise: Who played Severine in the previous Bond film?

Hypothesis: Christensen's character was reportedly killed off in a scene intended to be used as an epilogue to Quantum of Solace, before it was removed from the final cut of the film, enabling his return in Spectre.


Premise: What was the popularity of The Capital Theater, in the past?

Hypothesis: The major theatres include the People's Convention Hall and the Nanjing Arts and Culture Center.


Premise: The theory states that at the center of humans beings is what?

Hypothesis: The theory suggests that human beings possess a nature within them that demonstrates their true “self” and it suggests that the fulfillment of this nature is the reason for living.


Premise: What type of occupation were Neolithic people considered to be proficient at?

Hypothesis: Neolithic people were skilled farmers, manufacturing a range of tools necessary for the tending, harvesting and processing of crops (such as sickle blades and grinding stones) and food production (e.g. pottery, bone implements).


Premise: What was Ibn al-Haytham's nickname?

Hypothesis: Some have also described Ibn al-Haytham as the "first scientist" for his development of the modern scientific method.


Premise: What is one non chemical way of dealing with pests?

Hypothesis: Application of composted yard waste has also been used as a way of controlling pests.


Premise: When does open season for grouse begin in the UK?

Hypothesis: Shooting as practised in Britain, as opposed to traditional hunting, requires little questing for game—around thirty-five million birds are released onto shooting estates every year, some having been factory farmed.


Premise: In what year did Jedlik begin experimenting with electromagnetism?

Hypothesis: In 1827, Hungarian physicist Ányos Jedlik started experimenting with electromagnetic coils.


Premise: Chromosomes that are packed within the nucleus in complex with histones are called what?

Hypothesis: In addition to genes, eukaryotic chromosomes contain sequences involved in ensuring that the DNA is copied without degradation of end regions and sorted into daughter cells during cell division: replication origins, telomeres and the centromere.:4.2 Replication origins are the sequence regions where DNA replication is initiated to make two copies of the chromosome.


Premise: What political ideology did Gaddafi want to push his country to?

Hypothesis: Intent on pushing Libya towards "Islamic socialism", he introduced sharia as the basis for the legal system and nationalized the oil industry, using the increased revenues to bolster the military, implement social programs and fund revolutionary militants across the world.


Premise: What's the only monocentric city on the South Coast larger than Southampton?

Hypothesis: By population, Southampton is the largest monocentric city in the South East England region and the second largest on the South Coast after Plymouth.


Premise: To what did the edict of 304 admonish Christians to sacrifice?

Hypothesis: The second edict threatened Christian priests with imprisonment and the third offered them freedom if they performed sacrifice.


Premise: Where did the Japanese rush reinforcments to on the western side of Leyte?

Hypothesis: On 7 December U.S. Army units landed at Ormoc Bay and, after a major land and air battle, cut off the Japanese ability to reinforce and supply Leyte.


Premise: According to al-Umari, how many cavalry did the Sultanate of Ifat have?

Hypothesis: The Sultanate of Ifat, led by the Walashma dynasty with its capital at Zeila, ruled over parts of what is now eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northern Somalia.


Premise: What is SASO causing discussion and debate about?

Hypothesis: Rather than providing a final solution to the question of how to best measure sexual orientation, the SASO is meant to provoke discussion and debate about measurements of sexual orientation.


Premise: What did James believe emotion was synonymous with?

Hypothesis: As James wrote, "the perception of bodily changes, as they occur, is the emotion."


Premise: How many component of education did Ibn Sina describe in their teachings?

Hypothesis: Ibn Sīnā described the curriculum of a maktab school in some detail, describing the curricula for two stages of education in a maktab school.


Premise: Who is the representative for Seattle's district?

Hypothesis: Federally, Seattle is part of Washington's 7th congressional district, represented by Democrat Jim McDermott, elected in 1988 and one of Congress's liberal members.


Premise: During what eras was the Antarctic Peninsula formed?

Hypothesis: There is also evidence of volcanic activity, even after the ice sheet had formed, in Marie Byrd Land and Alexander Island.


Premise: Name three early Protestant reformers.

Hypothesis: There were also reformational efforts throughout continental Europe known as the Radical Reformation—a response to perceived corruption in both the Roman Catholic Church and the expanding Magisterial Reformation led by Luther and various other reformers—which gave rise to Anabaptist, Moravian, and other Pietistic movements.


Premise: Where was there a minute of silence during the relay?

Hypothesis: The route of the torch through the country was scaled down, and there was a minute of silence when the next leg started in city of Ruijin, Jiangxi on the Wednesday after the quake.


Premise: What year did Olympic Air receive an award as Top Domestic Airline?

Hypothesis: Between 1975 and 2009, Olympic Airways (known after 2003 as Olympic Airlines) was the country’s state-owned flag carrier, but financial problems led to its privatization and relaunch as Olympic Air in 2009.


Premise: The Franchthi cave has evidence of what 3 ancient eras?

Hypothesis: All three stages of the stone age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic) are represented in Greece, for example in the Franchthi Cave.


Premise: What name was Palermo originally founded as?

Hypothesis: The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz ('flower').


Premise: How long did it take to shoot Spectre?

Hypothesis: A wrap-up party for Spectre was held in commemoration before entering post-production.


Premise: What is a Greek royal palace called?

Hypothesis: Greek temples built during the Hellenistic period were generally larger than classical ones, such as the temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the temple of Artemis at Sardis, and the temple of Apollo at Didyma (rebuilt by Seleucus in 300 BCE).


Premise: Who did she wish to see on her deathbed, making it her last request?

Hypothesis: Through early January, she felt "weak and unwell", and by mid-January she was "drowsy ... dazed, [and] confused".


Premise: Who wrote polemics regarding Roman Catholic beliefs about Mary?

Hypothesis: He considered the Roman Catholic practice of celebrating saints' days and making intercessory requests addressed especially to Mary and other departed saints to be idolatry.


Premise: Who sponsored the tests that show that all papers are subject to acid decay?

Hypothesis: The ageing behavior of a paper is determined by its manufacture, not the original source of the fibres.


Premise: Who accompanied John?

Hypothesis: John became aware in July that Arthur's forces were threatening his mother, Eleanor, at Mirebeau Castle.


Premise: What musician collaborated with Kanye West for his album Late Registration?

Hypothesis: West's fifth album, My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy, has been noted by writers for its maximalist aesthetic and its incorporation of elements from West's previous four albums.


Premise: What was a consequence of the large loan defaults and MBS losses in 2007?

Hypothesis: These losses impacted the ability of financial institutions to lend, slowing economic activity.


Premise: Solar water disinfection is recommended by which organization?

Hypothesis: It is recommended by the World Health Organization as a viable method for household water treatment and safe storage.


Premise: When did the Rubella vaccine come out?

Hypothesis: Other notable new vaccines of the period include those for measles (1962, John Franklin Enders of Children's Medical Center Boston, later refined by Maurice Hilleman at Merck), Rubella (1969, Hilleman, Merck) and mumps (1967, Hilleman, Merck)


Premise: What is bird migration?

Hypothesis: Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds.


Premise: What was one name of a power that the szlachta was dependent on.

Hypothesis: The legal privileges of the szlachta were legally abolished in the Second Polish Republic by the March Constitution of 1921.


Premise: Where did students after the scientific revolution put science on the scale of importance?

Hypothesis: Instead of entering higher education to become a "general scholar" immersed in becoming proficient in the entire curriculum, there emerged a type of scholar that put science first and viewed it as a vocation in itself.


Premise: Who was the founder of the Republic of Turkey?

Hypothesis: Mustafa Kemal, its founder, a former Ottoman high-ranking officer, was insistent on this social revolution, which, among other changes, liberated women from the strait rules still in effect in most Arabic-speaking countries.


Premise: what caused the Dutch to expand thier spice trade in the malaccan straits?

Hypothesis: In 1634, the Mughal emperor extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for the trade.


Premise: John did not regard the loss of Duchy as a permanent shift in what?

Hypothesis: Ideally, this plan would benefit from the opening of a second front on Philip's eastern frontiers with Flanders and Boulogne – effectively a re-creation of Richard's old strategy of applying pressure from Germany.


Premise: When did King Philip the II annex Thessaly and Magnesia?

Hypothesis: In 352 BC he annexed Thessaly and Magnesia.


Premise: What kind of ants are symbolic among the Australian Aborigines?

Hypothesis: Amongst the Aborigines of Australia of the Arrernte language groups, honey ants and witchety grubs served as personal clan totems.


Premise: What season is red identified with in China?

Hypothesis: On the more negative side, obituaries are traditionally written in red ink, and to write someone's name in red signals either cutting them out of one's life, or that they have died.


Premise: Which movie was a modern version of Thunderball?

Hypothesis: The ownership of the Spectre organisation—originally stylised "SPECTRE" as an acronym of SPecial Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion—and its characters, had been at the centre of long-standing litigation starting in 1961 between Ian Fleming and Kevin McClory over the film rights to the novel Thunderball.


Premise: When did the Deutsche Bank publish a report on the findings of the value of the reserves south of Crete?

Hypothesis: In November 2012, a report published by Deutsche Bank estimated the value of natural gas reserves south of Crete at €427 billion.


Premise: What is the formal name of Westminster Abbey?

Hypothesis: Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England "Royal Peculiar"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign.


Premise: When was the Cork County Cricket Club established?

Hypothesis: The most notable cricket club in Cork is Cork County Cricket Club, which was formed in 1874.


Premise: Who founded a shopping mall reserved for the most elites of society?

Hypothesis: Stenbock-Fermor conceived of the Passage as more than a mere shopping mall, but also as a cultural and social centre for the people of St Petersburg.


Premise: What form was the evidence of ancient cultures discovered in ?

Hypothesis: The first evidence of Homo sapiens is dated to about 11,000 BC, in a Stone Age culture called the Anyathian with discoveries of stone tools in central Myanmar.


Premise: What is the usual condition of precipitation in the Antarctic?

Hypothesis: This means that it is a very cold continent where water is mostly in the form of ice.


Premise: What do fungi and fruit flies seem to lack?

Hypothesis: Specialists currently believe that all vertebrates can feel pain, and that certain invertebrates, like the octopus, might too.


Premise: Who threatened the authority of Japan's central government?

Hypothesis: Still, a true military takeover of the Japanese government was centuries away, when much of the strength of the government would lie within the private armies of the shogunate.


Premise: The second test game was played in what arena?

Hypothesis: The second game was held on February 26, 1987 at the Rosemont Horizon in Chicago with a budget of $20,000, up from $4,000 in the test game.


Premise: What warring ritual did Barbara A. West say the indigenous Samoans engaged in?

Hypothesis: According to Barbara A. West, "The Samoans were also known to engage in ‘headhunting', a ritual of war in which a warrior took the head of his slain opponent to give to his leader, thus proving his bravery."


Premise: What type of birds have specially adapted brushy tongues?

Hypothesis: Birds that employ many strategies to obtain food or feed on a variety of food items are called generalists, while others that concentrate time and effort on specific food items or have a single strategy to obtain food are considered specialists.


Premise: When did the role of dogs change to be more than guardians or walking companions?

Hypothesis: From the 1980s, there have been changes in the role of the pet dog, such as the increased role of dogs in the emotional support of their human guardians.


Premise: When was it announced that Libya would be independent?

Hypothesis: Although Britain and France intended on dividing the nation between their empires, the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) declared that the country be granted political independence.


Premise: Who has Britain’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office been accused of lying to about child abuse?

Hypothesis: ], there have been reports of child abuse in St Helena.


Premise: Iran's landscape is dominated by what geographical feature?

Hypothesis: The populous western part is the most mountainous, with ranges such as the Caucasus, Zagros and Alborz Mountains; the last contains Iran's highest point, Mount Damavand at 5,610 m (18,406 ft), which is also the highest mountain on the Eurasian landmass west of the Hindu Kush.


Premise: What is the major economic activity near Antarctica?

Hypothesis: The primary economic activity is the capture and offshore trading of fish.


Premise: When did the Soviets leave Afghanistan?

Hypothesis: The origins of al-Qaeda can be traced to the Soviet war in Afghanistan (December 1979 – February 1989).


Premise: What was the islands codename during World War II?

Hypothesis: The first Administrator, Surgeon Lieutenant Commander E.J.S. Woolley, was appointed by the British government during this time.


Premise: How many Euros was Greece able to "hide" because of an arrangement with Goldman Sachs?

Hypothesis: A currency swap arranged with Goldman Sachs allowed Greece to "hide" 2.8 billion Euros of debt, however, this affected deficit values after 2001 (when Greece had already been admitted into the Eurozone) and is not related to Greece’s Eurozone entry.


Premise: Why is this a bad practice?

Hypothesis: However, this will make the computer think multiple people are waiting and will allocate empty cars to serve this one person.


Premise: who released the track "little fluffy clouds"?

Hypothesis: Two distinctive tracks from this era were the Orb's "Little Fluffy Clouds" (with a distinctive vocal sample from Rickie Lee Jones) and the Happy Mondays' "Wrote for Luck" ("WFL") which was transformed into a dance hit by Vince Clarke.


Premise: How many prisoners did Tennessee execute between 1916 and 1960?

Hypothesis: Capital punishment was restarted in 1978, although those prisoners awaiting execution between 1960 and 1978 had their sentences mostly commuted to life in prison.


Premise: Investment in what greatly accelerated the outward suburban sprawn and declining inner city population?

Hypothesis: To counter the trend towards low-density suburban residential growth, the government began a series of controversial public housing projects in the inner city by the Housing Commission of Victoria, which resulted in demolition of many neighbourhoods and a proliferation of high-rise towers.


Premise: Kathmandu valley is home to about how many Baha'i?

Hypothesis: It is said that in Kathmandu alone there are 170 Christian churches.


Premise: In what year was the northern area of New Haven renamed Hamden?

Hypothesis: At the time, the New Haven Colony was separate from the Connecticut Colony, which had been established to the north centering on Hartford.


Premise: When the Cubs started playing, who was their owner?

Hypothesis: Owner William Hulbert signed multiple star players, such as pitcher Albert Spalding and infielders Ross Barnes, Deacon White, and Adrian "Cap" Anson, to join the team prior to the N.L.'s first season.


Premise: Pomors are distinguished by the presence of what?

Hypothesis: Pomors are distinguished by the presence of Y Haplogroup N among them.


Premise: What characteristic of Middle Iranian civilization is shown by the number of different languages and their speakers?

Hypothesis: Of that variety of languages/dialects, direct evidence of only two have survived.


Premise: Roughly how many passengers travel daily on London's cable car?

Hypothesis: London's first and only cable car, known as the Emirates Air Line, opened in June 2012.


Premise: What is the first song released by Jordin Sparks after winning American Idol?

Hypothesis: This Is My Now", was performed by both finalists during the finale and released by Sparks on May 24, 2007.


Premise: What type of diversity arrives uninvited?

Hypothesis: Agricultural diversity can also be divided by whether it is ‘planned’ diversity or ‘associated’ diversity.


Premise: Which copper salt can produce green glames?

Hypothesis: Smoke can be turned green by a mixture: solvent yellow 33, solvent green 3, lactose, magnesium carbonate plus sodium carbonate added to potassium chlorate.


Premise: What city is Dell's Minnesota facility in?

Hypothesis: Facilities located abroad include Penang, Malaysia; Xiamen, China; Bracknell, UK; Manila, Philippines Chennai, India; Hyderabad, India; Noida, India; Hortolandia and Porto Alegre, Brazil; Bratislava, Slovakia; Łódź, Poland; Panama City, Panama; Dublin and Limerick, Ireland; and Casablanca, Morocco.


Premise: What were the stylistic elements of the parade imported with in colonial times?

Hypothesis: The festival is performed in the European parade style with elements from Bantu and Angolan Benguela cultures imported with slaves in colonial times.


Premise: The ethnic cleansing perpetrated by the Serbs against Bosnia-Herzegovina was conducted with what ultimate goal in mind?

Hypothesis: The ECHR also noted that in the 21st century "Amongst scholars, the majority have taken the view that ethnic cleansing, in the way in which it was carried out by the Serb forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to expel Muslims and Croats from their homes, did not constitute genocide.


Premise: What are the greatest influences to Bermudian culture?

Hypothesis: Bermuda's culture is a mixture of the various sources of its population: Native American, Spanish-Caribbean, English, Irish, and Scots cultures were evident in the 17th century, and became part of the dominant British culture.


Premise: Who promoted strict immersion baptism?

Hypothesis: Another milestone in the early development of Baptist doctrine was in 1638 with John Spilsbury, a Calvinistic minister who helped to promote the strict practice of believer's baptism by immersion.


Premise: What was the name of the 2009 case in which the U.S. Supreme Court awarded relief to New Haven firefighters against the city of New Haven?

Hypothesis: The case, Ricci v. DeStefano, became highly publicized and brought national attention to New Haven politics due to the involvement of then-Supreme Court nominee (and Yale Law School graduate)


Premise: On what tour did Kanye perform "Hey Mama" and his version of Journey's "Don't Stop Believing" in memory of his mother?

Hypothesis: West played his first concert following the funeral at The O2 in London on November 22.


Premise: Members of what species populated parts of Africa in a relatively short time?

Hypothesis: Homo erectus is theorized to have evolved more than 1.8 million years ago, and by 1.5 million years ago had spread throughout Europe and Asia.


Premise: What was Cyprus' total population when it gained independence?

Hypothesis: The UK retained the two Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, while government posts and public offices were allocated by ethnic quotas, giving the minority Turkish Cypriots a permanent veto, 30% in parliament and administration, and granting the three mother-states guarantor rights.


Premise: The established Presbyterian church in New Mexico provided an alternative to which religion?

Hypothesis: This provided an alternative to the Catholicism, which was brought to the area by the Spanish Conquistadors and had remained unchanged.


Premise: What was the name of Throbbing Gristle's record label?

Hypothesis: Throbbing Gristle's independent label Industrial Records would become a hub for this scene and provide it with its namesake.


Premise: What principle did the restrictions on the right of kings, as detailed in Deuteronomy, influence later opposition?

Hypothesis: In the Old Testament, there was some language in Deuteronomy imposing restrictions on the Jewish king, regarding such things as how many wives he could have, and how many horses he could own for his personal use.


Premise: Who starred in 'The Color Purple'?

Hypothesis: In 1985, Spielberg released The Color Purple, an adaptation of Alice Walker's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name, about a generation of empowered African-American women during depression-era America.


Premise: What happened to the Sands Atlantic City a year after it closed?

Hypothesis: The following year, the resort was demolished in a dramatic, Las Vegas styled implosion, the first of its kind in Atlantic City.


Premise: How many national airlines are there in Mexico?

Hypothesis: Mexico City's airport is the main hub for 11 of the 21 national airline companies.


Premise: When are handshake packets generally sent?

Hypothesis: Three basic types are ACK, indicating that data was successfully received, NAK, indicating that the data cannot be received and should be retried, and STALL, indicating that the device has an error condition and cannot transfer data until some corrective action (such as device initialization) occurs.


Premise: When did Viking travelers establish a trading post in Cork?

Hypothesis: It has been proposed that, like Dublin, Cork was an important trading centre in the global Scandinavian trade network.


Premise: Albert Magnus studied Dionysus during what historical period?

Hypothesis: One of Albert's greatest contributions was his study of Dionysus the Areopagite, a mystical theologian whose words left an indelible imprint in the medieval period.


Premise: Man in Space Soonest was reestablished as what in November 26, 1958?

Hypothesis: The US Air Force had been developing a program to launch the first man in space, named Man in Space Soonest.


Premise: What can be used a main source of light for a building during the day?

Hypothesis: This can save energy in place of using artificial lighting, which represents a major component of energy consumption in buildings.


Premise: What type of animal lives inn the higher peaks?

Hypothesis: Evidence of human habitation in the Alps goes back to the Paleolithic era.


Premise: What type of assistance does the postal union provide?

Hypothesis: On 1 November 2013, international postal services for Somalia officially resumed.


Premise: Who promotes the use of racially categorized data in the United States?

Hypothesis: Doctors have noted that some medical conditions are more prevalent in certain racial or ethnic groups than in others, without being sure of the cause of those differences.


Premise: Who were the primary inhabitants of Sepphoris in the 3rd through 7th centuries?

Hypothesis: The remains of a 6th-century synagogue have been uncovered in Sepphoris, which was an important centre of Jewish culture between the 3rd–7th centuries and a multicultural town inhabited by Jews, Christians and pagans.


Premise: In what year was the Arab Revolutionary Front founded?

Hypothesis: In December 1969, Libya founded the Arab Revolutionary Front with Egypt and Sudan as a step towards political unification, and in 1970 Syria stated its intention to join.


Premise: Who argued that scholars in the Middle Ages were rarely coerced by the Church?

Hypothesis: Others argue that reason was generally held in high regard during the Middle Ages.


Premise: Where is the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception located?

Hypothesis: Paul VI did away with much of the regal splendor of the papacy.


Premise: What are some flying animals that Darwin thought might have evolved from bats?

Hypothesis: He presented flying squirrels, and flying lemurs as examples of how bats might have evolved from non-flying ancestors.


Premise: In 1884 about how many bison remained?

Hypothesis: Some estimates say there were over 13 million bison in Montana in 1870.