Premise: What is the Latin term for Licentiate of Canon Law?

Hypothesis: The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus, Bachelor of Canon Law, normally taken as a graduate degree), J.C.L. (Juris Canonici Licentiatus, Licentiate of Canon Law) and the J.C.D. (Juris Canonici Doctor, Doctor of Canon Law).


Premise: Who do not teach their faith to Israelis?

Hypothesis: Bahá'í staff in Israel do not teach their faith to Israelis following strict policy.


Premise: Who appoints a judge?

Hypothesis: The judges must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, hold office during good behavior and receive compensations that may not be diminished during their continuance in office.


Premise: What happens when a regulatory region binds to transcription factors?

Hypothesis: These act by binding to transcription factors which then cause the DNA to loop so that the regulatory sequence (and bound transcription factor) become close to the RNA polymerase binding site.


Premise: What type decline does lower wages and higher unemployment lead to?

Hypothesis: The U.S. Federal Reserve and central banks around the world have taken steps to expand money supplies to avoid the risk of a deflationary spiral, in which lower wages and higher unemployment lead to a self-reinforcing decline in global consumption.


Premise: When was the new constitution for CAR approved?

Hypothesis: A new constitution was approved on 28 December 1994 but had little impact on the country's politics.


Premise: What is the name of the student newspaper at Barry University?

Hypothesis: Several other student newspapers from the local universities, such as the oldest, the University of Miami's The Miami Hurricane, Florida International University's The Beacon, Miami-Dade College's The Metropolis, Barry University's The Buccaneer, amongst others.


Premise: How were the indigenous Palermo population treated under Muslim rule?

Hypothesis: Muslim rule on the island lasted for about 120 years and was marked by cruelty and brutality against the native population, which was reduced into near slavery[clarification needed] and Christian churches across the island were all completely destroyed.[page needed]


Premise: How long did the Germans massacre Polish and Jewish civilians?

Hypothesis: Within the first few days of the invasion, Germany began conducting massacres of Polish and Jewish civilians and POWs.


Premise: How many editions were published of Sarah Trimmer's history textbook for children?

Hypothesis: Sarah Trimmer wrote a successful natural history textbook for children titled The Easy Introduction to the Knowledge of Nature (1782), which was published for many years after in eleven editions.


Premise: What were the names of the three brothers that rulled Novgotod, Beloozero, and Izborsk?

Hypothesis: On their way south, they discovered "a small city on a hill," Kiev, captured it and the surrounding country from the Khazars, populated the region with more Varangians, and "established their dominion over the country of the Polyanians."


Premise: Who represent's Tucson's wealthy areas in Congress?

Hypothesis: The city center is in the 3rd District, represented by Raul Grijalva, a Democrat, since 2003, while the more affluent residential areas to the south and east are in the 2nd District, represented by Republican Martha McSally since 2015, and the exurbs north and west between Tucson and Phoenix in the 3rd District are represented by Democrat Ann Kirkpatrick since 2008.


Premise: The Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone is what rank of 53 in China terms of comprehensive strength?

Hypothesis: It ranks 5th among the 53 national hi-tech development zones in China in terms of comprehensive strength.


Premise: Which institutions also hired private guards for protection?

Hypothesis: Shōen holders had access to manpower and, as they obtained improved military technology (such as new training methods, more powerful bows, armor, horses, and superior swords) and faced worsening local conditions in the ninth century, military service became part of shōen life.


Premise: A Piccolo and trombones provides the illusion of storm and what in Beethoven's Sixth Symphony?

Hypothesis: A piccolo and a pair of trombones help deliver "storm" and "sunshine" in the Sixth.


Premise: How do minority leaders gauge party preferences?

Hypothesis: Minority leaders may engage in numerous activities to publicize their party's priorities and to criticize the opposition's.


Premise: What do all living humans belong to?

Hypothesis: While some researchers sometimes use the concept of race to make distinctions among fuzzy sets of traits, others in the scientific community suggest that the idea of race often is used in a naive or simplistic way,[page needed] and argue that, among humans, race has no taxonomic significance by pointing out that all living humans belong to the same species, Homo sapiens, and subspecies, Homo sapiens sapiens.


Premise: In what year did van Gaal and Núñez resign from Barcelona?

Hypothesis: Like Maradona, Ronaldo only stayed a short time before he left for Internazionale.


Premise: When did buda king casimir issue the heir to his nephew?

Hypothesis: In 1355 in Buda King Casimir III


Premise: The USSR launched their first space station on what date?

Hypothesis: Having lost the race to the Moon, the USSR decided to concentrate on orbital space stations.


Premise: How did the content of encyclopedias change in the 18th century?

Hypothesis: Volumes tended to focus more strongly on secular affairs, particularly science and technology, rather than matters of theology.


Premise: The reviewer from Variety compares Spectre to which other Bond movie?

Hypothesis: What’s missing is the unexpected emotional urgency of “Skyfall,” as the film sustains its predecessor’s nostalgia kick with a less sentimental bent.”


Premise: When was the BYU Jerusalem Center reopened for students following it's closure in 2000?

Hypothesis: In 2001, the Institute of International Education ranked BYU as the number one university in the U.S. to offer students study abroad opportunities.


Premise: On what did the Vedanta school lessen focus?

Hypothesis: The emergence of Vedanta school represented a period when a more knowledge-centered understanding began to emerge.


Premise: Who did the military arrest?

Hypothesis: The military arrested Ialá on the charge of being "unable to solve the problems".


Premise: Who accused the Arab government of practicing acts of racism?

Hypothesis: American University economist George Ayittey accused the Arab government of Sudan of practicing acts of racism against black citizens.


Premise: What competition caused LaserDisc sales to decline?

Hypothesis: Although DVD players were capable of playing Dolby Digital tracks, the signal out of DVD player were not in a modulated form and not compatible with the inputs designed for LaserDisc AC-3.


Premise: Are there any other areas of America Venezuelans settled in?

Hypothesis: Other main states with Venezuelan American populations are, according to the 1990 census, New York, California, Texas (adding their existing Hispanic populations), New Jersey, Massachusetts and Maryland.


Premise: What criticism did Robert T. Bakker share about the paleontologist community regarding the last fifty years?

Hypothesis: But on average, for the last fifty years, the field hasn't tested dinosaur orthodoxy severely enough.


Premise: Where is Van Cortlandt Park?

Hypothesis: The Grand Concourse, a wide boulevard, runs through it, north to south.


Premise: What is different about 20th Street between Avenue C and First Avenue?

Hypothesis: Travel on the last block of the 20th, 21st and 22nd Streets, between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, is in the opposite direction than it is on the rest of the respective street.


Premise: Where did the group travel to after Barcelona?

Hypothesis: The group traveled first to Barcelona, then to Marseilles, where they stayed for a few months while Chopin convalesced.


Premise: Who was The Times first correspondent with an army?

Hypothesis: W. H. Russell, the paper's correspondent with the army in the Crimean War, was immensely influential with his dispatches back to England.


Premise: In what year was the famous The New Haven Green founded?

Hypothesis: The Hillhouse Avenue area, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is also a part of Yale's campus, has been called a walkable museum, due to its 19th-century mansions and street scape; Charles Dickens is said to have called Hillhouse Avenue "the most beautiful street in America" when visiting the city in 1868.


Premise: What was teh iOS market share in 2013?

Hypothesis: Windows 8's tablet market share has also been growing steadily, with 7.4% of tablets running Windows in Q1 2013 according to Strategy Analytics, up from nothing just a year before.


Premise: What is an interactive museum on the campus of Tel Aviv University?

Hypothesis: Mishkan Le'Omanut on Kibbutz Ein Harod Meuhad is the largest art museum in the north of the country.


Premise: How many terms in a row can a person serve as mayor?

Hypothesis: The Mayor and council members are elected to four-year terms.


Premise: How many steps are required to read the information encoded in a gene's DNA and produce the specified protein?

Hypothesis: In all organisms, two steps are required to read the information encoded in a gene's DNA and produce the protein it specifies.


Premise: How many parishes and curates were there in 2011?

Hypothesis: In addition there are eighty male religious orders and 140 female religious orders in the city, as well as 110 Catholic schools with 75,000 students.


Premise: Where was the EIC headquarters moved to after  1648?

Hypothesis: The building had become known as East India House by 1661.


Premise: What other cell types are involced with the changing of airways?

Hypothesis: This among other factors leads to bouts of narrowing of the airway and the classic symptoms of wheezing.


Premise: How much of a drug is legal to possess?

Hypothesis: People caught with small amounts of any drug are given the choice to go to a rehab facility, and may refuse treatment without consequences.


Premise: The plant in what US state still remains in operation?

Hypothesis: Most of the work that used to take place in Dell's U.S. plants was transferred to contract manufacturers in Asia and Mexico, or some of Dell's own factories overseas.


Premise: What Historian was in charge of rebuilding the municipal archives?

Hypothesis: Historian Rodolphe Reuss and Art historian Wilhelm von Bode were in charge of rebuilding the municipal archives, libraries and museums.


Premise: Which author was the first to use the term "British Empire"?

Hypothesis: At the same time, influential writers such as Richard Hakluyt and John Dee (who was the first to use the term "British Empire") were beginning to press for the establishment of England's own empire.


Premise: Which canton is Berne the capital?

Hypothesis: Bern is also the capital of the Canton of Bern, the second most populous of Switzerland's cantons.


Premise: What Frankish document contains the oldest recorded instance of Dutch?

Hypothesis: The oldest one first recorded has been found in the Salic law.


Premise: What branch of the US military was born in Philadelphia?

Hypothesis: Philadelphia is the birthplace of the United States Marine Corps, and is also the home of many U.S. firsts, including the first library (1731), first hospital (1751) and medical school (1765), first Capitol (1777), first stock exchange (1790), first zoo (1874), and first business school (1881).


Premise: What amendment did the administration believe the UNFPA funding violated?

Hypothesis: In a letter from the Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs Nicholas Burns to Congress, the administration said it had determined that UNFPA’s support for China’s population program “facilitates (its) government’s coercive abortion program”, thus violating the Kemp-Kasten Amendment, which bans the use of United States aid to finance organizations that support or take part in managing a program of coercive abortion of sterilization.


Premise: Normally neon lighting is considered what type of lighting?

Hypothesis: This would probably fall under accent lighting, though in a dark nightclub it could be considered general lighting.


Premise: What year did Tang and Tibet sign a treaty to fix the borders?

Hypothesis: Until the Tibetan Empire's collapse in the 9th century, it was the Tang's major rival in dominating Inner Asia.


Premise: What percentage of Nobel award winners from the United States in the 20th century have been Ashkenazi Jews?

Hypothesis: While they make up about 2% of the U.S. population, 27% of United States Nobel prize winners in the 20th century, a quarter of Fields Medal winners, 25% of ACM Turing Award winners, half the world's chess champions, including 8% of the top 100 world chess players, and a quarter of Westinghouse Science Talent Search winners have Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry.


Premise: What was Japan's strategic goal in attacking America?

Hypothesis: The Japanese leadership was aware that a total military victory in a traditional sense against the USA was impossible; the alternative would be negotiating for peace after their initial victories, which would recognize Japanese hegemony in Asia.


Premise: How long does a bus trip from Richmond to New York City take?

Hypothesis: Most other connections to Megabus served cites, such as New York, can be made from Washington, D.C. Richmond, and the surrounding metropolitan area, was granted[when?]


Premise: Buddhism denies what kind of deity?

Hypothesis: Buddhism denies a creator deity and posits that mundane deities such as Mahabrahma are misperceived to be a creator.


Premise: Along with Sakhalin Island, what islands were occupied by the Soviets after the Second World War?

Hypothesis: The status of the southernmost Kurils remains in dispute with Japan.


Premise: Who decided the two polities under attack were necessary for the balance of power?

Hypothesis: Rethinking its policy the British government decided that the two polities under attack were necessary for the balance of power.


Premise: What solar process can be used to produce different fuels?

Hypothesis: These processes offset energy that would otherwise come from a fossil fuel source and can also convert solar energy into storable and transportable fuels.


Premise: Where is Blair Field?

Hypothesis: In addition to Mesa, the club has held spring training in Hot Springs, Arkansas (1886, 1896–1900), (1909–1910)


Premise: What specification is similar for both Amtrak and Septa systems?

Hypothesis: Apart from having an identical catenary voltage, the power distribution systems of Amtrak and SEPTA are very different.


Premise: What kind of schools did samurai start?

Hypothesis: Samurai were many of the early exchange students, not directly because they were samurai, but because many samurai were literate and well-educated scholars.


Premise: Who was the founder of Manjupattan?

Hypothesis: The lake was cut drained by Bodhisatwa Manjusri with his sword and the water was evacuated out from there


Premise: What are the days of working in Israel?

Hypothesis: Days of working time in Israel are Sunday through Thursday (for a five-day workweek), or Friday (for a six-day workweek).


Premise: What had turned England and Catholic Spain into implacable enemies?

Hypothesis: By this time, Spain had become the dominant power in the Americas and was exploring the Pacific ocean, Portugal had established trading posts and forts from the coasts of Africa and Brazil to China, and France had begun to settle the Saint Lawrence River area, later to become New France.


Premise: What Council acts as a mediator when there are disputes between the Parliament and the Guardian Council?

Hypothesis: The Expediency Council has the authority to mediate disputes between Parliament and the Guardian Council, and serves as an advisory body to the Supreme Leader, making it one of the most powerful governing bodies in the country.


Premise: What are some famous metal Cypriot bands?

Hypothesis: Cypriot rock music and Éntekhno rock is often associated with artists such as Michalis Hatzigiannis and Alkinoos Ioannidis.


Premise: What was Queen Victoria's nickname?

Hypothesis: After Albert's death in 1861, Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances.


Premise: What did renaissance writers question?

Hypothesis: In the late renaissance various writers began to question the medieval and classical understanding of knowledge acquisition in a more fundamental way.


Premise: What was the Union's original war aim?

Hypothesis: The U.S. sought a quick victory focused on capturing the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia.


Premise: In which season was the "Fan Save" first used?

Hypothesis: During the finals, viewers are given a five-minute window to vote for the contestants in danger of elimination by using their Twitter account to decide which contestant will move on to the next show, starting with the Top 8.


Premise: What are Afro-Spaniards?

Hypothesis: Afro-Spaniards are Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent.


Premise: What type of university is St Francis Xavier in Canada?

Hypothesis: Universities may be sub-classified (as in the Macleans rankings) into large research universities with many PhD granting programs and medical schools (for example, McGill University); "comprehensive" universities that have some PhDs but aren't geared toward research (such as Waterloo); and smaller, primarily undergraduate universities (such as St. Francis Xavier).


Premise: What was his reasoning in helping make the atomic bomb?

Hypothesis: In the same publication, Feynman also talks about his worries in the atomic bomb age, feeling for some considerable time that there was a high risk that the bomb would be used again soon, so that it was pointless to build for the future.


Premise: What lable was bought by CBS in the UK?

Hypothesis: EMI continued to distribute Epic and Okeh label material on the Columbia label in the UK until the distribution deal with EMI expired in 1968 when CBS took over distribution.


Premise: How many Parliament members voted against the Declaration on State Sovereignty of Ukraine?

Hypothesis: On July 16 Parliament overwhelmingly approved the Declaration on State Sovereignty of Ukraine - with a vote of 355 in favour and four against.


Premise: What proves mosaics were used in the early middle ages?

Hypothesis: Only scant remains prove that mosaics were still used in the Early Middle Ages.


Premise: How often is Politics & Policy published?

Hypothesis: Politics & Policy was founded at Northwestern and is dedicated to the analysis of current events and public policy.


Premise: What was the name of the other company that SME merged with?

Hypothesis: Out of the "Big Three" record companies, with Universal Music Group being the largest and Warner Music Group, SME is middle-sized.


Premise: John acquired key land between Poitou and where?

Hypothesis: In order to remarry, John first needed to abandon Isabel, Countess of Gloucester, his first wife; John accomplished this by arguing that he had failed to get the necessary papal permission to marry Isabel in the first place – as a cousin, John could not have legally wed her without this.


Premise: Do people look forward to Cinderella matches?

Hypothesis: The possibility of unlikely victories in the earlier rounds of the competition, where lower ranked teams beat higher placed opposition, known as "giant killings", is much anticipated by the public, and is considered an integral part of the tradition and prestige of the competition, alongside that gained by teams winning the competition.


Premise: When was Richmond first settled?

Hypothesis: The site of Richmond had been an important village of the Powhatan Confederacy, and was briefly settled by English colonists from Jamestown in 1609, and in 1610–1611.


Premise: What event happened in October of 1917?

Hypothesis: In October 1917, a red faction revolution occurred in which the Red Guard, armed groups of workers and deserting soldiers directed by the Bolshevik Party, seized control of Saint Petersburg (then known as Petrograd) and began an immediate armed takeover of cities and villages throughout the former Russian Empire.


Premise: What does the study argue about the fundamental message regarding the existence of races?

Hypothesis: More indirect and brief discussions of race in the context of medical disorders have increased from none to 93% of textbooks.


Premise: When did the word emotion enter the English language?

Hypothesis: The word "emotion" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means "to stir up".


Premise: What are all USB On-The-Go devices required to have?

Hypothesis: All current USB On-The-Go (OTG) devices are required to have one, and only one, USB connector: a micro-AB receptacle. Non-


Premise: Where was Leto worshipped?

Hypothesis: The inspiration oracular cult was probably introduced into Greece from Anatolia, which is the origin of Sibyl, and where existed some of the oldest oracular shrines.


Premise: What was the purpose of the fruit walls built by French and English farmers?

Hypothesis: During the short growing seasons of the Little Ice Age, French and English farmers employed fruit walls to maximize the collection of solar energy.


Premise: How much money in cents does New York City receive for every dollar paid in federal taxes?

Hypothesis: The city also sends an additional $11 billion more each year to the state of New York than it receives back.


Premise: What is the first round of the coffee ceremony called?

Hypothesis: The coffee is served in three rounds: the first brew or round is called awel in Tigrinya meaning first, the second round is called kalaay meaning second, and the third round is called bereka meaning "to be blessed".


Premise: Who manages the defence estate?

Hypothesis: The defence estate is divided as training areas & ranges (84.0%), research & development (5.4%), airfields (3.4%), barracks & camps (2.5%), storage & supply depots (1.6%), and other (3.0%).


Premise: Who else joins Armenia in the CSTO?

Hypothesis: It participates in NATO's Partnership for Peace (PiP) program and is in a NATO organisation called Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC).


Premise: Who hosts its own international music festival every summer?

Hypothesis: Eilat has hosted its own international music festival, the Red Sea Jazz Festival, every summer since 1987.


Premise: Wearing red is connected to what result in humans, in terms of sport?

Hypothesis: In humans, wearing red has been linked with increased performance in competitions, including professional sport and multiplayer video games.


Premise: What was the system Napoleon imposed though the Berlin Decree?

Hypothesis: The Continental System, which prohibited European nations from trading with Britain, was widely violated throughout his reign.


Premise: How many people were killed in the Twelfth Street riots?

Hypothesis: The result was 43 dead, 467 injured, over 7,200 arrests, and more than 2,000 buildings destroyed, mostly in black residential and business areas.


Premise: Which politicians donated funds to establish the Royal College of Chemistry?

Hypothesis: As a result of a movement earlier in the decade, many politicians donated funds to establish the college, including Benjamin Disraeli, William Gladstone and Robert Peel.


Premise: who was the spanish conquistador who had encounters with europeans and native americans?

Hypothesis: The Spanish thought the Great Plains were the location of the mythological Quivira and Cíbola, a place said to be rich in gold.


Premise: How many commissioners worked under Reynie?

Hypothesis: This office was first held by Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie, who had 44 commissaires de police (police commissioners) under his authority.


Premise: There is another part of the face which gets its red color from the pigment pheomelanin, what is it?

Hypothesis: Red hair varies from a deep burgundy through burnt orange to bright copper.


Premise: What was the former girls college called?

Hypothesis: But the two most handsome and ornate buildings of these times are the École internationale des Pontonniers (the former Höhere Mädchenschule, girls college) with its towers, turrets and multiple round and square angles and the École des Arts décoratifs with its lavishly ornate façade of painted bricks, woodwork and majolica.


Premise: Which two languages strongly influenced Czech?

Hypothesis: Czech (/ˈtʃɛk/; čeština Czech pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʃɛʃcɪna]), formerly known as Bohemian (/boʊˈhiːmiən, bə-/; lingua Bohemica in Latin), is a West Slavic language strongly influenced by Latin and German language, spoken by over 10 million people and it is the official language of the Czech Republic.


Premise: Who is Madonna's second husband?

Hypothesis: She met director Guy Ritchie, who would become her second husband, in November 1998 and gave birth to their son Rocco John Ritchie on August 11, 2000 in Los Angeles.


Premise: What's the only other city in England besides Portsmouth more densely populated than Southampton?

Hypothesis: Hampshire County Council expects the city's population to grow by around a further two per cent between 2006 and 2013, adding around another 4,200 to the total number of residents.


Premise: How many people are employed at AP-HP?

Hypothesis: It is the largest hospital system in Europe.


Premise: What color is the plaque that marks the Spitfire designer's house?

Hypothesis: Prior to the Invasion of Europe, components for a Mulberry harbour were built here.


Premise: Who sets the procedures to be followed in the Florida court system?

Hypothesis: The State of New Hampshire also follows this system.[citation needed]


Premise: What sort of customers did Selfridges most often cater to?

Hypothesis: Selfridge attracted shoppers with educational and scientific exhibits; – in 1909, Louis Blériot's monoplane was exhibited at Selfridges (Blériot was the first to fly over the English Channel), and the first public demonstration of television by John Logie Baird took place in the department store in 1925.


Premise: What would federal government control in Eritrea according to Resolution 390A(V)??

Hypothesis: The resolution called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to be linked through a loose federal structure under the sovereignty of the Emperor.


Premise: In what season do the growth-rings of ring-porous species form with larger vessels localized?

Hypothesis: The rest of the ring, produced in summer, is made up of smaller vessels and a much greater proportion of wood fibers.


Premise: How did Alexander Macfarlane summarize the relationship between different methods in "A Treatise on Algebra" in his review?

Hypothesis: In a review Alexander Macfarlane wrote: "The main idea of the work is not unification of the several methods, nor generalization of ordinary algebra so as to include them, but rather the comparative study of their several structures."


Premise: What event is celebrated on March 24th to recognize the test for latent TB?

Hypothesis: While it was not effective, it was later successfully adapted as a screening test for the presence of pre-symptomatic tuberculosis.


Premise: What did the incompleteness theorem of 1931 indicate regarding Principia Mathematica?

Hypothesis: The ultimate substantive legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed.


Premise: What political organization supported the city council candidacy of A. Carl Prince?

Hypothesis: With the endorsements of black power brokers, black clergy and the Richmond Crusade for Voters, South Richmond residents made history, electing Reverend A. Carl Prince to the Richmond City Council.


Premise: What is a potential health benefit from drinking alcohol?

Hypothesis: Apart from potential benefits of alcohol itself, including reduced platelet aggregation and vasodilation, polyphenols (e.g., resveratrol) mainly in the grape skin provide other suspected health benefits, such as:


Premise: Migration to Russia continued into many countries where?

Hypothesis: Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans.


Premise: What are roche moutonnee?

Hypothesis: Some rock formations in the path of a glacier are sculpted into small hills called roche moutonnée, or "sheepback" rock.


Premise: How much of Estonia speaks Russian?

Hypothesis: In all, 67.8% of Estonia's population can speak Russian.


Premise: According to the CIA World Factbook, what is the total area of the US in miles?

Hypothesis: Currently, the CIA World Factbook gives 9,826,675 km2 (3,794,100 sq mi), the United Nations Statistics Division gives 9,629,091 km2 (3,717,813 sq mi), and the Encyclopædia Britannica gives 9,522,055 km2 (3,676,486 sq mi)(Great Lakes area included but not coastal waters).


Premise: Where was the priory of Poissy located?

Hypothesis: As heirs of the Dominican priory of Poissy in France, the Dartford sisters were also heirs to a tradition of profound learning and piety.


Premise: What is guwen considered as?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, other scripts had evolved, especially in the eastern and southern areas during the late Zhou dynasty, including regional forms, such as the gǔwén ("ancient forms") of the eastern Warring States preserved as variant forms in the Han dynasty character dictionary Shuowen Jiezi, as well as decorative forms such as bird and insect scripts.


Premise: When was a competition held to produce a team crest?

Hypothesis: In 1910 the club held a competition among its members to design a new crest.


Premise: What notable clinic is present in Derriford Hospital?

Hypothesis: The Royal Eye Infirmary is located at Derriford Hospital.


Premise: What is the abomasums close equivalent?

Hypothesis: The abomasum is the fourth and final stomach compartment in ruminants.


Premise: What new type of armor replaced the old?

Hypothesis: The kozane dou made from individual scales was replaced by plate armor.


Premise: It was considered Europe needed what country?

Hypothesis: For his authority Miller invokes the people, citing the "collective wisdom" of Europe, and introducing a concept to arise many times in the decades to follow under chilling circumstances:


Premise: What is the name of the Bern zinc tablet?

Hypothesis: The Bern zinc tablet has the name Brenodor ("dwelling of Breno").


Premise: How does Czech mark subject nouns?

Hypothesis: In Czech, nouns and adjectives are declined into one of seven grammatical cases.


Premise: How many houses has the Historical Museum annexed?

Hypothesis: One of them, on the same block with the main building, is the historic residence of Antonio Montero, which houses the Museo Romantico.


Premise: How many USB ports may a host controller provide?

Hypothesis: A USB host may implement multiple host controllers and each host controller may provide one or more USB ports.


Premise: What did Apple begin to eliminate in 2002?

Hypothesis: In order to keep the Macintosh affordable for the education market and due to obsolescence of the iMac G3, Apple created the eMac in April 2002 as the intended successor; however the eMac's CRT made it relatively bulky and somewhat outdated, while its all-in-one construction meant it could not be expanded to meet consumer demand for larger monitors.


Premise: In addition to gaining an education, describe how Gaddafi managed to attend school 20 miles from his family.

Hypothesis: From Sirte, he and his family moved to the market town of Sabha in Fezzan, south-central Libya, where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done.


Premise: When does Fastelavn occur?

Hypothesis: However, the Philippines, a predominantly Roman Catholic country, does not celebrate Carnival anymore since the dissolution of the Manila Carnival after 1939, the last carnival in the country.


Premise: What was Nick's coronation song?

Hypothesis: Nick Fradiani won the season, defeating Clark Beckham.


Premise: Vibration-sensitive neurons are found in what part of the ear?

Hypothesis: Eventually, via a way-station in the thalamus, the signals are sent to the cerebral cortex, where they are processed to extract biologically relevant features, and integrated with signals coming from other sensory systems.


Premise: In what year was the article describing the type of arsenic found in Napoleon's hair published?

Hypothesis: According to a 2007 article, the type of arsenic found in Napoleon's hair shafts was mineral, the most toxic, and according to toxicologist Patrick Kintz, this supported the conclusion that he was murdered.


Premise: Where did the drug traffickers come from?

Hypothesis: Beginning around 2005, drug traffickers based in Latin America began to use Guinea-Bissau, along with several neighboring West African nations, as a transshipment point to Europe for cocaine.


Premise: Who developed the concept of emotional labor?

Hypothesis: A focus on emotions in organizations can be credited to Arlie Russell Hochschild's concept of emotional labor.


Premise: What percentage of the vote do the non-dominant parties get?

Hypothesis: Portugal operates a multi-party system of competitive legislatures/local administrative governments at the national-, regional- and local-levels.


Premise: What type of impulses did Burke think could gain power through commoners' passions?

Hypothesis: Second, he thought that if they had the vote, common people had dangerous and angry passions that could be aroused easily by demagogues; he feared that the authoritarian impulses that could be empowered by these passions would undermine cherished traditions and established religion, leading to violence and confiscation of property.


Premise: What type of art did Courbet, Manet, Monet and Renoir create?

Hypothesis: Paris became the laboratory of Naturalism (Émile Zola) and Symbolism (Charles Baudelaire and Paul Verlaine), and of Impressionism in art (Courbet, Manet, Monet, Renoir.)


Premise: What is another term for the Omnipotence paradox?

Hypothesis: According to the Omnipotence paradox or 'Paradox of the Stone', can God create a stone so heavy that he cannot lift it?


Premise: Approximately how many people did New Jersey casinos employ in 2011?

Hypothesis: In 2011, New Jersey's casinos employed approximately 33,000 employees, had 28.5 million visitors, made $3.3 billion in gaming revenue, and paid $278 million in taxes.


Premise: How many dialects are in the eastern group?

Hypothesis: Each dialect can be further subdivided in several subdialects.


Premise: In what Canadian city did Bell first arrive?

Hypothesis: After landing at Quebec City the Bells transferred to another steamer to Montreal and then boarded a train to Paris, Ontario, to stay with the Reverend Thomas Henderson, a family friend.


Premise: When was the Suez Canal nationalized?

Hypothesis: In July 1956, Nasser unilaterally nationalised the Suez Canal.


Premise: What convention recognizes Russian in Armenia?

Hypothesis: Russian is spoken by 1.4% of the population according to a 2009 estimate from the World Factbook.


Premise: What was the Běidǒu constellation used for?

Hypothesis: Historically, this set of stars was used in navigation to locate the North Star Polaris.


Premise: Has any other  country been allowed to enter the competition since?

Hypothesis: Welsh sides that play in English leagues are eligible, although since the creation of the League of Wales there are only six clubs remaining:


Premise: What does the suffix -stan mean?

Hypothesis: According to the Library of Congress's 1997 Country Study of Tajikistan, it is difficult to definitively state the origins of the word "Tajik" because the term is "embroiled in twentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia."


Premise: What is the name of the event that The Warsaw Chopin Society holds?

Hypothesis: On the occasion of the composer's bicentenary, the critics of The New York Times recommended performances by the following contemporary pianists (among many others): Martha Argerich, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Emanuel Ax, Evgeny Kissin, Murray Perahia, Maurizio Pollini and Krystian Zimerman.


Premise: What was Berns unemployment rate in 2010?

Hypothesis: As of 2008[update], there were 259 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 59 businesses involved in this sector.


Premise: Roughly 200,000 individuals of what group left Crimea during the war?

Hypothesis: Toward the end of the Caucasian Wars, 90% of the Circassians were ethnically cleansed and exiled from their homelands in the Caucasus and fled to the Ottoman Empire, resulting in the settlement of 500,000 to 700,000 Circassians in Turkey.[page needed]


Premise: The concentration on students to live honorable lives is an example of what form of thought?

Hypothesis: The importance of humanism for changing this state-of-affairs cannot be underestimated.


Premise: Who was the head of MCA in 1990?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, around this time, the production subsidiary was renamed Universal Studios Inc., and (in 1990)


Premise: What movie was Spielberg working on when he first played Pong?

Hypothesis: Since playing Pong while filming Jaws in 1974, Spielberg has been an avid video gamer.


Premise: Which ethnicity claimed the majority in Bermuda during the 17th century?

Hypothesis: For the first hundred years of settlement, white Protestants of English heritage were the distinct majority, with white minorities of Irish (the native language of many of whom can be assumed to have been Gaelic) and Scots sent to Bermuda after the English invasions of their homelands that followed the English Civil War. Non-white minorities included Spanish-speaking, free (indentured) blacks from the West Indies, black chattel slaves primarily captured from Spanish and Portuguese ships by Bermudian privateers, and Native Americans, primarily from the Algonquian and other tribes of the Atlantic seaboard, but possibly from as far away as Mexico.


Premise: Which of Northwestern's alumni is notable for becoming the Governor of Illinois and a presidential candidate?

Hypothesis: Rahm Emanuel, the mayor of Chicago and former White House Chief of Staff, earned a Masters in Speech and Communication in 1985.


Premise: The Boston Miracle is the name for the reduction in what crime from 1990 to 1999?

Hypothesis: This helped lead in part to what has been touted as the "Boston Miracle".


Premise: How many Tweets per minute did the half time show get?

Hypothesis: The film, which she directed and produced herself, featured footage from her childhood, her as a mother and businesswoman, recording, rehearsing for live performances, and her return to the spotlight following Blue Ivy's birth.


Premise: What was Wilson named by the Baseball Writer's Association of America?

Hypothesis: (In 1999, a long-lost extra RBI mistakenly credited to Charlie Grimm had been found by Cooperstown researcher Cliff Kachline and verified by historian Jerome Holtzman, increasing the record number to 191.)


Premise: What did the REF give Imperial as an overall GPA?

Hypothesis: In rankings produced by Times Higher Education based upon the REF results Imperial was ranked 2nd overall for GPA and 8th for "research power" (compared to 6th and 7th respectively in the equivalent rankings for the RAE 2008).


Premise: What was the period following 3rd century BC and extending 1500 years called?

Hypothesis: Various parts of India were ruled by numerous dynasties for the next 1,500 years, among which the Gupta Empire stands out.


Premise: What hospital is the Countess Mountbatten House a part of?

Hypothesis: University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust is one of the city's largest employers.


Premise: What group of people were suddenly free to go shopping without fears of being judged or reprimanded?

Hypothesis: As rising prosperity and social mobility increased the number of people, especially women (who found they could shop unaccompanied at department stores without damaging their reputation), with disposable income in the late Georgian period, window shopping was transformed into a leisure activity and entrepreneurs, like the potter Josiah Wedgwood, pioneered the use of marketing techniques to influence the prevailing tastes and preferences of society.


Premise: Name 3 artists that CBS Associated Records signed on in the 80s and 90s?

Hypothesis: Tony Martell, veteran CBS and Epic Records A&R Vice President was head of this label and signed artists including Ozzy Osbourne, the Fabulous Thunderbirds, Electric Light Orchestra, Joan Jett, and Henry Lee Summer.


Premise: What version of Windows 8 is Enterprise N?

Hypothesis: On August 1, 2012, Windows 8 (build 9200) was released to manufacturing with the build number 6.2.9200.16384 .


Premise: Who studied the problem mutual understanding between races in conquered areas?

Hypothesis: However, William Woodthorpe Tarn, between World War I and World War II and the heyday of the League of Nations, focused on the issues of racial and cultural confrontation and the nature of colonial rule.


Premise: How are ogives formed?

Hypothesis: Ogives are formed when ice from an icefall is severely broken up, increasing ablation surface area during summer.


Premise: What community covers the area from Downtown San Diego to the peninsula?

Hypothesis: A narrow strip of land at the bottom of San Diego Bay connects these southern neighborhoods with the rest of the city.


Premise: What is the smallest percentage of the Burmese populace ?

Hypothesis: Myanmar's ethnic minority groups prefer the term "ethnic nationality" over "ethnic minority" as the term "minority" furthers their sense of insecurity in the face of what is often described as "Burmanisation"—the proliferation and domination of the dominant Bamar culture over minority cultures.


Premise: What is another term for southern Europe

Hypothesis: Other definitions sometimes include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe, which are geographically in the southern part of Europe, but which have different historical, political, economic, and cultural backgrounds.


Premise: With battle at Metz, what factor shattered the efforts of III Corps?

Hypothesis: Once blocked from retreat, the French in the fortress of Metz had no choice but to engage in a fight that would see the last major cavalry engagement in Western Europe.


Premise: When did the civil was begin?

Hypothesis: The Antebellum Age was a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery in the American South and in the western territories of Kansas and Nebraska that eventually lead to the Civil War in 1861.


Premise: To whom did Montini speak as an archbishop in the year 1957?

Hypothesis: Pius XII asked Archbishop Montini to Rome October 1957, where he gave the main presentation to the Second World Congress of Lay Apostolate.


Premise: Serbs of Croatia are mostly descendants of who?

Hypothesis: Some of the major regional South Slavic groups include: Zagorci in northern Croatia, Istrijani in westernmost Croatia, Dalmatinci in southern Croatia, Boduli in Adriatic islands, Vlaji in hinterland of Dalmatia, Slavonci in eastern Croatia, Bosanci in Bosnia, Hercegovci in Herzegovina, Krajišnici in western Bosnia, but is more commonly used to refer to the Serbs of Croatia, most of whom are descendants of the Grenzers, and continued to live in the area which made up the Military Frontier until the Croatian war of independence, Semberci in northeast Bosnia, Srbijanci in Serbia proper, Šumadinci in central Serbia, Vojvođani in northern Serbia, Sremci in Syrmia, Bačvani in northwest Vojvodina, Banaćani in Banat, Sandžaklije (Muslims in Serbia/Montenegro border), Kosovci in Kosovo, Bokelji in southwest Montenegro, Trakiytsi in Upper Thracian Lowlands, Dobrudzhantsi in north-east Bulgarian region, Balkandzhii in Central Balkan Mountains, Miziytsi in north Bulgarian region, Warmiaks and Masurians in north-east Polish regions Warmia and Mazuria, Pirintsi in Blagoevgrad Province, Ruptsi in the Rhodopes etc.


Premise: On which date did the battle begin with the Army of Chalons attacking various Prussian divisions?

Hypothesis: One French army was now immobilised and besieged in the city of Metz, and no other forces stood on French ground to prevent a German invasion.


Premise: How are the terms Hispanic and Latino not specific?

Hypothesis: The definitions of both terms are non-race specific, and include people who consider themselves to be of distinct races (Black, White, Amerindian, Asian, and mixed groups).


Premise: Where are most transistors found?

Hypothesis: It is composed of semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit.


Premise: Chinese spoken in Wu was influenced by Chinese spoken where?

Hypothesis: Quite a few words from the variety of Old Chinese spoken in the state of Wu (where the ancestral language of Min and Wu dialect families originated and which was likely influenced by the Chinese spoken in the state of Chu which itself was not founded by Chinese speakers),[citation needed] and later words from Middle Chinese as well, have retained the original meanings in Hokkien, while many of their counterparts in Mandarin Chinese have either fallen out of daily use, have been substituted with other words (some of which are borrowed from other languages while others are new developments), or have developed newer meanings.


Premise: What is race sometimes seen as?

Hypothesis: Some consider themselves multiracial, while acknowledging race as a social construct.


Premise: Who is customarily divided along geographical lines into tree major subgroups?

Hypothesis: Apart from prehistorical archaeological cultures, the subgroups have had notable cultural contact with non-Slavic Bronze- and Iron Age civilisations.


Premise: What was the Executive Order 9808 issued in response to?

Hypothesis: The committee was disturbed by the state of race relations, and included the evacuation of Americans of Japanese descent during the war "made without a trial or any sort of hearing…Fundamental to our whole system of law is the belief that guilt is personal and not a matter of heredity or association.


Premise: About how many grants has the NHPRC awarded?

Hypothesis: Since 1964, the NHPRC has awarded some 4,500 grants.


Premise: In what area did these ideological reforms not take place until much later?

Hypothesis: In the Ottoman Empire, these ideological reforms did not take place and these views did not integrate into common thought until much later.


Premise: What year did the Battle of Bear Paw happen?

Hypothesis: The last recorded conflict in Montana between the U.S. Army and Native Americans occurred in 1887 during the Battle of Crow Agency in the Big Horn country.


Premise: The state produces lots of dairy which large processors of what dairy product?

Hypothesis: The state has an important dairy industry with large milk processors throughout the state.


Premise: What other countries were in disagreement with the United Nations decision on Burma ?

Hypothesis: South Africa also voted against the resolution.


Premise: What song did Madonna release for the Live Earth series of concerts?

Hypothesis: She also performed it at the London Live Earth concert.


Premise: When was the tenth printing of the French translation of 'Reflections on the Revolution in France'?

Hypothesis: Immediately after reading Price's sermon, Burke wrote a draft of what eventually became, Reflections on the Revolution in France.


Premise: When did Burke sign a contract for a history of England?

Hypothesis: G. M. Young did not value Burke's history and claimed that it was "demonstrably a translation from the French".


Premise: What park is located in the previous river bed?

Hypothesis: The river was divided in two at the western city limits (Plan Sur de Valencia), and diverted southwards along a new course that skirts the city, before meeting the Mediterranean.


Premise: Why has their been distance between the Premier League and the Football League?

Hypothesis: Owing in large part to the disparity in revenue from television rights between the leagues, many newly promoted teams have found it difficult to avoid relegation in their first season in the Premier League.


Premise: What all-in-one product was created in 1998 through Apple's consolidations?

Hypothesis: In 1998, after the return of Steve Jobs, Apple consolidated its multiple consumer-level desktop models into the all-in-one iMac G3, which became a commercial success and revitalized the brand.


Premise: Where are the Bailiwick of Jersey and the Bailiwick of Guernsey located?

Hypothesis: Two sovereign states are located on the islands: Ireland (which covers roughly five-sixths of the island with the same name) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.


Premise: What do donors offer to the University of Kansas?

Hypothesis: KU Endowment was established in 1891 as America’s first foundation for a public university.


Premise: What leader stepped down in 2011?

Hypothesis: In 2011, longtime President Hosni Mubarak stepped down amid mass protests.


Premise: What is koshari?

Hypothesis: Fava bean is also used in making falafel (also known as "ta'meyya"), which may have originated in Egypt and spread to other parts of the Middle East.


Premise: In Vitruvius's mind, whose responsibility was it to see the principles carried out?

Hypothesis: The most important aspect of beauty was therefore an inherent part of an object, rather than something applied superficially; and was based on universal, recognisable truths.


Premise: Which state has the lowest tax burden of the entire US?

Hypothesis: To finance state government operations, Alaska depends primarily on petroleum revenues and federal subsidies.


Premise: What language started the trend of referring to the Netherlands as "Germania Inferior"?

Hypothesis: Scheldt delta near the North Sea, harking back to Latin nomenclature, e.g. Germania Inferior.


Premise: What cause royal Hawaiian females to find themselves ugly?

Hypothesis: Long-termly, the Anglo-Saxon presence negatively impacted the level of regard Hawaiian royal women held for their own indigenous looks.


Premise: What causes this to be exacerbated?

Hypothesis: This association does not stem from poverty itself, but rather from the conditions under which impoverished people live.


Premise: What do Mexicans call Mexico City?

Hypothesis: Chilango is used pejoratively by people living outside Mexico City to "connote a loud, arrogant, ill-mannered, loutish person".


Premise: Who would enter Leyte Gulf to attack the Allied landing forces?

Hypothesis: Sho-1 called for V. Adm. Jisaburo Ozawa's force to use an apparently vulnerable carrier force to lure the U.S. 3rd Fleet away from Leyte and remove air cover from the Allied landing forces, which would then be attacked from the west by three Japanese forces: V. Adm. Takeo Kurita's force would enter Leyte Gulf and attack the landing forces; R. Adm. Shoji Nishimura's force and V. Adm. Kiyohide Shima's force would act as mobile strike forces.


Premise: When did Tibet and Mongolia conclude a treaty of mutual recognition?

Hypothesis: In 1913, Tibet and Mongolia concluded a treaty of mutual recognition.


Premise: Who was responsible for creating antisemetic and anti-masonic propaganda?

Hypothesis: While the number is not accurately known, it is estimated that between 80,000 and 200,000 Freemasons were killed under the Nazi regime.


Premise: What floor were the main receptions rooms generally located?

Hypothesis: Typically the basement area or "rustic", with kitchens, offices and service areas, as well as male guests with muddy boots, came some way above ground, and was lit by windows that were high on the inside, but just above ground level outside.


Premise: Which military branch helped the Old West's inadequate local police?

Hypothesis: The Army often provided some policing alongside poorly resourced sheriffs and temporarily organized posses.[citation needed]


Premise: How many species of protazoa were recorded in Egypt?

Hypothesis: The plan stated that the following numbers of species of different groups had been recorded from Egypt: algae (1483 species), animals (about 15,000 species of which more than 10,000 were insects), fungi (more than 627 species), monera (319 species), plants (2426 species), protozoans (371 species).


Premise: Why did mathematical relations become necessary?

Hypothesis: The first buildings were narrow to hold the roof, and when the dimensions changed, some mathematical relations became necessary, in order to keep the original forms.


Premise: Shell has accepted responsibility for keeping its pipelines in what condition?

Hypothesis: In January 2013, a Dutch court rejected four out of five allegations brought against the firm over oil pollution in the Niger Delta but found a subsidiary guilty of one case of pollution, ordering compensation to be paid to a Nigerian farmer.


Premise: Why do the women drink through a straw?

Hypothesis: Alcohol is served at bars – the disguised women whisper to the men "touloulou thirsty", at which a round of drinks is expected, to be drunk through a straw protect their anonymity.


Premise: In 1913, the Tennessee state legislature made which organizational structure the default form of city government in the state?

Hypothesis: In the early 1900s, the state legislature approved a form of commission government for cities based on at-large voting for a few positions on a Board of Commission; several adopted this as another means to limit African-American political participation.


Premise: For many years to come, most insect species will remain as what?

Hypothesis: Though the true dimensions of species diversity remain uncertain, estimates range from 2.6–7.8 million species with a mean of 5.5 million.


Premise: Who were the casualties especially terrible for?

Hypothesis: The casualties were horrible, especially for the attacking Prussian forces.


Premise: What is the name of a Scottish soap opera?

Hypothesis: BBC Wales also produces a large amount of Welsh language programming for S4C, particularly news, sport and other programmes, especially the soap opera Pobol y Cwm ('People of the Valley').


Premise: What does the NSDAP stand for?

Hypothesis: After 1937 the Lord Mayor and the state commissioners of Hanover were members of the NSDAP (Nazi party).


Premise: What invention did Thomas Hutchinson introduce?

Hypothesis: These inserts, commissioned by RCA president David Sarnoff and invented by Thomas Hutchison, were prevalent starting in the 1960s, selling in the tens of millions per year during the 45 rpm heyday.


Premise: What type of fixtures do you use for indoor lighting?

Hypothesis: Lighting can also be an intrinsic component of landscape projects.


Premise: What was the horizontal average slip on the Guanxian-Anxian fault?

Hypothesis: In the area about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of the epicenter, the surface slip on Beichuan Fault was almost purely dextral strike-slip up to about 3 metres (9.8 ft), while the average slip in Guanxian–


Premise: Who was the only Republican Mayor candidate to win the Bronx since 1914?

Hypothesis: The only Republican to carry the Bronx since 1914 was Fiorello La Guardia in 1933, 1937 and 1941 (and in the latter two elections, only because his 30-32% vote on the American Labor Party line was added to 22-23% as a Republican).


Premise: What did Darwin admit about acquired characteristics in chapter one of On the Origin of Species?

Hypothesis: In Darwin's time there was no agreed-upon model of heredity; in Chapter I Darwin admitted, "The laws governing inheritance are quite unknown."


Premise: Who is properly in the major office in the commonwealth?

Hypothesis: Few szlachta were wealthy enough to be known as magnates (karmazyni—the "Crimsons", from the crimson colour of their boots).


Premise: What was the transportation advancement made possible by Sprague's designs?

Hypothesis: Sprague's motor and related inventions led to an explosion of interest and use in electric motors for industry, while almost simultaneously another great inventor was developing its primary competitor, which would become much more widespread.


Premise: When did Burke begin attending Trinity College Dublin?

Hypothesis: Burke's father wanted him to read Law, and with this in mind he went to London in 1750, where he entered the Middle Temple, before soon giving up legal study to travel in Continental Europe.


Premise: Which century is considered by some as a "drab" period, however saw significant advancements in the practice of medicine, mathematics, and physics, the development of biological taxonomy, a new understanding of magnetism, and the maturation of chemistry as a discipline?

Hypothesis: Some historians have marked the 18th century as a drab period in the history of science; however, the century saw significant advancements in the practice of medicine, mathematics, and physics; the development of biological taxonomy; a new understanding of magnetism and electricity; and the maturation of chemistry as a discipline, which established the foundations of modern chemistry.


Premise: When were pagan Slavic populations Christianized?

Hypothesis: The pagan Slavic populations were Christianized between the 6th and 10th centuries.


Premise: What effect did the 1936 Soviet Constitution have on the size of the Russia?

Hypothesis: Many regions in Russia were affected by the Soviet famine of 1932–1933: Volga; Central Black Soil Region; North Caucasus; the Urals; the Crimea; part of Western Siberia; and the Kazak ASSR.


Premise: A few of the sutras for Mahayanists became a manifestation of who?

Hypothesis: Mahayana schools recognize all or part of the Mahayana Sutras.


Premise: How does bacteria help to sustain life in hydrothermal vents and cold seeps?

Hypothesis: Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the stages in nutrient cycles dependent on these organisms, such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere and putrefaction.


Premise: Which Prussian general commanded the attack against the French at St. Privat?

Hypothesis: By 16:50, with the Prussian southern attacks in danger of breaking up, the Prussian 3rd Guards Infantry Brigade of the Second Army opened an attack against the French positions at St. Privat which were commanded by General Canrobert.


Premise: the subsidiary forts were established to stop what?

Hypothesis: However, this plan came to fruition only in November 1723, when Captain Manuel Henriques de Noronha reached the shores of Montevideo with soldiers, guns and colonists on his warship Nossa Senhora de Oliveara.


Premise: How many undergrads were attending Notre Dame in 2014?

Hypothesis: The annual Bookstore Basketball tournament is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world with over 700 teams participating each year, while the Notre Dame Men's Boxing Club hosts the annual Bengal Bouts tournament that raises money for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh.


Premise: What is an example of something that can be detrimental if too many individuals pursue the same behavior?

Hypothesis: Too many consumers attempting to save (or pay down debt) simultaneously is called the paradox of thrift and can cause or deepen a recession.


Premise: Who was a correspondent for season two?

Hypothesis: Following the success of season one, the second season was moved up to air in January 2003.


Premise: What are the fan encouraged to do?

Hypothesis: By and large, the true nature of the content is ignored by the performing promotion in official media in order to sustain and promote the willing suspension of disbelief for the audience by maintaining an aura of verisimilitude.


Premise: What is Familial advanced sleep phase syndrome?

Hypothesis: A defect in the human homologue of the Drosophila "period" gene was identified as a cause of the sleep disorder FASPS (Familial advanced sleep phase syndrome), underscoring the conserved nature of the molecular circadian clock through evolution.


Premise: What does the Kroc Institute at Notre Dame focus on?

Hypothesis: The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become "one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world" in his inaugural address.


Premise: What is a group with a common evolutionary ancestor population called?

Hypothesis: This would make a subspecies, evolutionarily speaking, a clade – a group with a common evolutionary ancestor population.


Premise: What test might courts require software to pass to determine if it is protected or infringing?

Hypothesis: Software-related case law has also clarified that the amount of R&D, effort and expense put into a work's creation doesn't affect copyright protection.


Premise: What state is American Idol contestant Clay Aiken from?

Hypothesis: Since the show's inception in 2002, ten of the fourteen Idol winners, including its first five, have come from the Southern United States.


Premise: What does Armenian cuisine place an emphasis on?

Hypothesis: Armenian cuisine is as ancient as the history of Armenia, a combination of different tastes and aromas.


Premise: Which part of the Quran describes God's use of intermediaries between himself and his prophets?

Hypothesis: This comes out in Quran 42:51, in which it is stated: "It is not for any mortal that God should speak to them, except by revelation, or from behind a veil, or by sending a messenger to reveal by his permission whatsoever He will."


Premise: Why was this age range important?

Hypothesis: This age range was an important time for many youths as they were first helping to provide for their families; while also transitioning to save for their own future families.


Premise: What city has become a national chess center?

Hypothesis: The city of Beersheba has become a national chess center, with the game being taught in the city's kindergartens.


Premise: Where was Queen Elizabeth ll not Head of State?

Hypothesis: An example is Irish broadcaster Terry Wogan, who was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Order in 2005 and on successful application for dual British and Irish citizenship was made a substantive member and subsequently styled as "Sir Terry Wogan KBE".


Premise: How is zinc applied?

Hypothesis: Zinc is more reactive than iron or steel and thus will attract almost all local oxidation until it completely corrodes away.


Premise: Where is an inn typically located?

Hypothesis: In addition to providing for the needs of travellers, inns traditionally acted as community gathering places.


Premise: What is the name of the activity of explaining what Quranic verses mean?

Hypothesis: Exegesis in those days was confined to the explanation of literary aspects of the verse, the background of its revelation and, occasionally, interpretation of one verse with the help of the other.


Premise: When was the Gallipoli Campaign?

Hypothesis: The contributions of Australian and New Zealand troops during the 1915 Gallipoli Campaign against the Ottoman Empire had a great impact on the national consciousness at home, and marked a watershed in the transition of Australia and New Zealand from colonies to nations in their own right.


Premise: Which company is Danjaq, LLC associated with?

Hypothesis: With the acquisition of the film rights and the organisation's re-introduction to the series' continuity, the SPECTRE acronym was discarded and the organisation reimagined as "Spectre".


Premise: How many frets did the Lombardi have?

Hypothesis: When Adelstein wrote, there were no nylon strings, and the gut and single strings "do not vibrate so clearly and sweetly as the double steel string of the Neapolitan."


Premise: With what are many deities aligned for women in Rome's religions?

Hypothesis: A host of deities, however, are associated with motherhood.


Premise: What three composers influenced Chopin's work?

Hypothesis: All of Chopin's compositions include the piano.


Premise: When was Elio killed?

Hypothesis: The last victim of the Inquisition was Gaietà Ripoli, a teacher accused of being a deist and a Mason who was hanged in Valencia in 1824.


Premise: What is another name for Universal Studios Inc.?

Hypothesis: Universal Studios Inc. (also known as Universal Pictures) is an American film studio, owned by Comcast through its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal, and is one of Hollywood's "Big Six" film studios.


Premise: What was the world's first artificial nuclear reactor?

Hypothesis: The world's first commercial scale nuclear power station, Obninsk in the Soviet Union, began generation with its reactor AM-1 on 27 June 1954.


Premise: What kind of places to ride bikes does Tucson have?

Hypothesis: Cycling is popular in Tucson due to its flat terrain and dry climate.


Premise: Besides adults what segment of the southern US population was involved in the harvesting of cotton?

Hypothesis: Rural and small town school systems had split vacations so children could work in the fields during "cotton-picking."


Premise: How heavy is the snowfall typically throughout the winter in New Haven?

Hypothesis: Winters are cold with moderate snowfall interspersed with rainfall and occasionally mixed precipitation.


Premise: What city is Arthur Barnett in?

Hypothesis: Additionally, Arthur Barnett (1903) operates in Dunedin.


Premise: What other architecture style did neoclassical share similarities and vocabulary?

Hypothesis: Its clearly articulated individual features were isolated rather than interpenetrating, autonomous and complete in themselves.


Premise: Who was an engineering professor at the University of Buenos Aires?

Hypothesis: In 1983, using the psychoacoustic principle of the masking of critical bands first published in 1967, he started developing a practical application based on the recently developed IBM PC computer, and the broadcast automation system was launched in 1987 under the name Audicom.


Premise: The major gateway for immigration has been which US city?

Hypothesis: New York—often called New York City or the City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part—is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York metropolitan area, the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States and one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world.


Premise: What is the major annual festival in Montevideo?

Hypothesis: The major annual festival is the annual Montevideo Carnaval which is part of the national festival of Carnival Week, celebrated throughout Uruguay, with central activities in the capital, Montevideo.


Premise: What is the most common use for zinc?

Hypothesis: The element was probably named by the alchemist Paracelsus after the German word Zinke (prong, tooth).


Premise: What sort of battle do the adults have at midnight?

Hypothesis: Adults have a meringue battle at midnight at the historic Plaça de les Cols.


Premise: What year was the second generation of digimon released?

Hypothesis: It was planned by WiZ and released by Bandai on June 26, 1997.


Premise: Portions of what modern-day borough were included in the County of New York?

Hypothesis: In 1898, the modern City of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn (until then a separate city), the County of New York (which then included parts of the Bronx), the County of Richmond, and the western portion of the County of Queens.


Premise: Whose job is it to release parliament after the ceremony?

Hypothesis: The governor general or his or her deputy then depart parliament.


Premise: The Quran is more self-referential in which of its suras?

Hypothesis: The feature is more evident in early Meccan suras.


Premise: In order to make a vaccine , what do viruses require that bacteria does not?

Hypothesis: A problem with using eggs for this purpose is that people with egg allergies are unable to be immunised, but this disadvantage may be overcome as new techniques for cell-based rather than egg-based culture become available.


Premise: When did the Tehcir Law come to fruition?

Hypothesis: On 24 April 1915, Armenian intellectuals were arrested by Ottoman authorities and, with the Tehcir Law (29 May 1915), eventually a large proportion of Armenians living in Anatolia perished in what has become known as the Armenian Genocide.


Premise: What did the Union state that every person should be free to choose?

Hypothesis: William of Orange had been a strong supporter of public and personal freedom of religion and hoped to unite Protestants and Catholics in the new union, and, for him, the Union was a defeat.


Premise: By what name is the era in the 3rd millennium around 1500 BC known?

Hypothesis: The Bronze Age arrived circa 1500 BC when people in the region were turning copper into bronze, growing rice and domesticating poultry and pigs; they were among the first people in the world to do so.


Premise: In what century did Old English cease to be used?

Hypothesis: Perhaps around 85 per cent of Old English words are no longer in use, but those that survived, to be sure, are basic elements of Modern English vocabulary.


Premise: What kind of treatment was Figo offered during visits to Barcelona?

Hypothesis: However, Barcelona fans were distraught by Figo's decision to join arch-rivals Real Madrid, and, during subsequent visits to the Camp Nou, Figo was given an extremely hostile reception.


Premise: When was Wealth of Nations written?

Hypothesis: The opening passage of the "Wealth" containing Smith's message is never mentioned as it cannot be integrated into modern theory: "Wealth" depends on the division of labour which changes with market volume and on the proportion of productive to Unproductive labor.


Premise: What two lesser traits do great powers usually possess?

Hypothesis: Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own.


Premise: What was the first country to make Christianity its official religion?

Hypothesis: This event ushered the Golden Age of Armenia, during which many foreign books and manuscripts were translated to Armenian by Mesrop's pupils.


Premise: How many seats did the Communists win in 1920 Yugoslavia?

Hypothesis: In the 1920 elections the Communists won 59 seats in the parliament and became the third strongest party.


Premise: Besides the Shanghai Stock Exchange, what other exchange suspended trading of southwestern China stock?

Hypothesis: Copper rose over speculations that production in southwestern China may be affected, and oil prices dropped over speculations that demand from China would fall.


Premise: what year was Nevin Fenneman's study?

Hypothesis: The term "Great Plains", for the region west of about the 96th or 98th meridian and east of the Rocky Mountains, was not generally used before the early 20th century.


Premise: What was the percentage increase of the high school completion rate for African Americans between 1975 and 1990?

Hypothesis: They are the least well educated major ethnic group and suffered a 3% drop in high school completion rate while African Americans experienced a 12% increase between 1975-1990.


Premise: Readers were more interested in sensationalist stories about what topics than they were in political theory itself?

Hypothesis: Readers were more interested in sensationalist stories about criminals and political corruption than they were in political theory itself.


Premise: What indicates that a driver is intending to change position?

Hypothesis: Flashing turn signals on the front, side, and rear of the vehicle indicate an intended change of position or direction.


Premise: Bases making up the larges concentration of marines and sailors in the world is located in what NC city?

Hypothesis: Located in Jacksonville, Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, combined with nearby bases Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS)


Premise: What Latin word does "cardinal" come from?

Hypothesis: The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the tituli (parishes) of the diocese of Rome.


Premise: Which caliph ordered the Quran manuscript copied and standardized?

Hypothesis: In about 650, the third Caliph Uthman ibn Affan (d. 656) began noticing slight differences in pronunciation of the Quran as Islam expanded beyond the Arabian Peninsula into Persia, the Levant, and North Africa.


Premise: What was British Somaliland known as upon achieving independence?

Hypothesis: British Somaliland became independent on 26 June 1960 as the State of Somaliland, and the Trust Territory of Somalia (the former Italian Somaliland) followed suit five days later.


Premise: What is the second biggest education center in Mexico City?

Hypothesis: The second largest higher-education institution is the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), which includes among many other relevant centers the Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), where varied high-level scientific and technological research is done.


Premise: What year did free media outlets begin to expand?

Hypothesis: A number of the broadsheets in circulation subsequently closed down operations, as they were no longer able to cover printing costs in the face of the electronic revolution.


Premise: What was Valencia's population in 2000?

Hypothesis: This production was promoted by the Ateneo Mercantil de Valencia (Mercantile Athenaeum of Valencia), especially by its chairman, Tomás Trénor y Palavicino, and had the support of the Government and the Crown; it was officially inaugurated by King Alfonso XIII himself.


Premise: What revived style dominated English country house architecture?

Hypothesis: Versions of revived Palladian architecture dominated English country house architecture.


Premise: In which city was Villa killed?

Hypothesis: In 1923 Villa was assassinated by a group of seven gunmen who ambushed him while he was sitting in the back seat of his car in Parral.


Premise: On what date was the publication of the Plan for Plymouth?

Hypothesis: On 27 April 1944 Sir Patrick Abercrombie's Plan for Plymouth to rebuild the bomb-damaged city was published; it called for demolition of the few remaining pre-War buildings in the city centre to make way for their replacement with wide, parallel, modern boulevards aligned east–west linked by a north–south avenue (Armada Way) linking the railway station with the vista of Plymouth Hoe.


Premise: What cult appeared from Pessinus in 206 BC?

Hypothesis: The mystery cult to Bacchus followed; it was suppressed as subversive and unruly by decree of the Senate in 186 BC.


Premise: Why does race undermine social cohesion in America?

Hypothesis: In a 2007 review paper, Štrkalj suggested that the stark contrast of the racial approach between the United States and China was due to the fact that race is a factor for social cohesion among the ethnically diverse people of China, whereas "race" is a very sensitive issue in America and the racial approach is considered to undermine social cohesion - with the result that in the socio-political context of US academics scientists are encouraged not to use racial categories, whereas in China they are encouraged to use them.


Premise: Where did Israel withdraw and disband its military forces?

Hypothesis: Since Israel's capture of these territories, Israeli settlements and military installations have been built within each of them.


Premise: Where there more married or single people in Bern in 2000?

Hypothesis: As of 2000[update], there were 59,948 people who were single and never married in the municipality.


Premise: Who provided notable documentation of the war?

Hypothesis: The British public was very well informed regarding the day-to-day realities of the war in the Crimea.


Premise: What percentage of french publishing houses were in Paris in the 1970s?

Hypothesis: In the 1970s, 80 percent of French-language publishing houses were found in Paris, almost all on the Left Bank in the 5th, 6th and 7th arrondissements.


Premise: In which two countries is the UK installing military bases?

Hypothesis: The UK is establishing air and naval bases in the Persian Gulf, located in the UAE and Bahrain.


Premise: In what year did Sviatoslav take over as leader?


Premise: Who founded the Order of St. George?

Hypothesis: The spirit of chivalry was given expression through the new (secular) type of chivalric orders; the first of these was the Order of St. George, founded by Charles I of Hungary in 1325, while the best known was probably the English Order of the Garter, founded by Edward III in 1348.


Premise: What South African city participated in the first public video-conference?

Hypothesis: At the Winter Olympics opening ceremony in Nagano, Japan, Seiji Ozawa conducted the Ode to Joy from Beethoven's Ninth Symphony simultaneously across five continents in near-real time.


Premise: Who helped the Tibetan?

Hypothesis: When the Dzungar Mongols attempted to spread their territory from what is now Xinjiang into Tibet, the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722) responded to Tibetan pleas for aid with his own expedition to Tibet, occupying Lhasa in 1720.


Premise: What induces a feedpoint to antennas nearby?

Hypothesis: However, because of the mutual interaction between their electric and magnetic fields due to proximity, the currents in each element are not simply a function of the applied voltage (according to its driving point impedance), but depend on the currents in the other nearby elements.


Premise: What became the largest player in the British global market according to William Henry Pyne?

Hypothesis: The company became the single largest player in the British global market.


Premise: Giovanni da Verrazzano's ship that sailed to New York was named what?

Hypothesis: He claimed the area for France and named it "Nouvelle Angoulême" (New Angoulême).


Premise: IBM created a school house in 1933, what was its name?

Hypothesis: In 1935, the employee magazine Think was created.


Premise: What is the causative agent of "strep throat"?

Hypothesis: For example, "Strep throat" is often diagnosed within minutes, and is based on the appearance of antigens made by the causative agent, S. pyogenes, that is retrieved from a patients throat with a cotton swab.


Premise: Which provinces field teams in the Quebec Junior Football League?

Hypothesis: There are 20 junior teams in three divisions in the Canadian Junior Football League competing for the Canadian Bowl.


Premise: What does Cyprus rank in terms of size in the Mediterranean?

Hypothesis: Cyprus (i/ˈsaɪprəs/; Greek: Κύπρος IPA: [ˈcipros]; Turkish: Kıbrıs IPA: [ˈkɯbɾɯs]), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Greek: Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Turkish: Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, off the coasts of Syria and Turkey.[e] Cyprus is the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean, and a member state of the European Union.


Premise: In which city did Feynman find himself affixing tire chains?

Hypothesis: Feynman instead accepted an offer from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)—and as he says in his book


Premise: What party was outlawed in Yugoslavia in 1920?

Hypothesis: Broz himself explains:


Premise: What forms of entertainment does the Digimon franchise include?

Hypothesis: The franchise focuses on Digimon creatures, which are monsters living in a "Digital World", a parallel universe that originated from Earth's various communication networks.


Premise: How did the phonograph differ from the phonautograph?

Hypothesis: The Scientific American article that introduced the tinfoil phonograph to the public mentioned Marey, Rosapelly and Barlow as well as Scott as creators of devices for recording but, importantly, not reproducing sound.


Premise: In what war was the German Empire defeated?

Hypothesis: Following the defeat of the German empire in World War I and the abdication of the German Emperor, some revolutionary insurgents declared Alsace-Lorraine as an independent Republic, without preliminary referendum or vote.


Premise: What are the legal jurisdictions that Swiss citizens are subject to?

Hypothesis: The instruments of this system at the federal level, known as civic rights (Volksrechte, droits civiques), include the right to submit a constitutional initiative and a referendum, both of which may overturn parliamentary decisions.


Premise: What type of heritage architecture is mainly displayed in Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: After the 1908 flooding of the Musi River, the city was expanded and civic monuments constructed, particularly during the rule of Mir Osman Ali Khan (the VIIth Nizam), whose patronage of architecture led to him being referred to as the maker of modern Hyderabad.


Premise: What did Brahmagupta use the number zero for?

Hypothesis: In 628 AD, Brahmagupta suggested that gravity was a force of attraction.


Premise: Napoleon left Iberia for Central Europe to deal with whom?

Hypothesis: Napoleon would end up leaving Iberia in order to deal with the Austrians in Central Europe, but the Peninsular War continued on long after his absence.


Premise: What had been thought for a while to be an independent ancient Greek precursor to Twain's story?

Hypothesis: Mark Twain provided humorously telling evidence for the frequent unreliability of back-translation when he issued his own back-translation of a French translation of his short story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County".


Premise: Max Weinreich is a linguist of what language?

Hypothesis: The significance of the political factors in any attempt at answering the question "what is a language?


Premise: At which tip of Southampton Water is Southampton located?

Hypothesis: The city lies at the northern tip of the Southampton Water, a deep water estuary, which is a ria formed at the end of the last Ice Age.


Premise: What does the economy consist of on the rim of the mountains?

Hypothesis: On the rim of the mountains, on the plateaus and the plains the economy consists of manufacturing and service jobs whereas in the higher altitudes and in the mountains farming is still essential to the economy.


Premise: In what year did William IV adopt a purity law pertaining to beer?

Hypothesis: Beer produced before the Industrial Revolution continued to be made and sold on a domestic scale, although by the 7th century AD, beer was also being produced and sold by European monasteries.


Premise: Who was the first woman MP to take her seat in the British Parliament?

Hypothesis: The city's first Lord Mayor was appointed in 1935 and its boundaries further expanded in 1967 to include the town of Plympton and the parish of Plymstock.


Premise: What is an important commercial port along with Ningbo, Wenzhou and Taizhou?

Hypothesis: Ningbo, Wenzhou, Taizhou and Zhoushan are important commercial ports.


Premise: Where is Pentecostalism currently growing the most?

Hypothesis: Pentecostalism eventually spawned hundreds of new denominations, including large groups such as the Assemblies of God and the Church of God in Christ, both in the United States and elsewhere.


Premise: What percentage of the City of Boston's residents are over 65?

Hypothesis: In the city, the population was spread out with 21.9% at age 19 and under, 14.3% from 20 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% who were 65 years of age or older.


Premise: During which month does Seattle get more precipitation than other US cities?

Hypothesis: In November, Seattle averages more rainfall than any other U.S. city of more than 250,000 people; it also ranks highly in winter precipitation.


Premise: In the aquaculture industry what is copper alloys commonly used to make?

Hypothesis: Copper is biostatic, meaning bacteria will not grow on it.


Premise: What area does South western Ambulance  Service cover

Hypothesis: The unitary districts of North Somerset and Bath & North East Somerset are instead covered by the Avon Fire and Rescue Service, a service which also covers Bristol and South Gloucestershire.


Premise: What are the parts of the Quran called that are 30 in total?

Hypothesis: These copies frequently took the form of a series of 30 parts or juzʼ.


Premise: Why do Jehovah Witnesses forego religious holidays and birthdays or other celebrations?

Hypothesis: Witnesses are told that spontaneous giving at other times can help their children to not feel deprived of birthdays or other celebrations.


Premise: What type of animal uses infrared heat to sense?

Hypothesis: In other animals additional senses may be present, such as the infrared heat-sense of snakes, the magnetic field sense of some birds, or the electric field sense of some types of fish.


Premise: Are puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies lower-order or higher-order logic?

Hypothesis: Their increased facility permits them to appreciate the ways in which language can be used to convey multiple messages, such as satire, metaphor, and sarcasm.


Premise: Between 1974 and 2010, how did the Portuguese government encourage over-expenditure and investment bubbles?

Hypothesis: This allowed considerable slippage in state-managed public works and inflated top management and head officer bonuses and wages.


Premise: What type of dipoles which add to the dielectric constant cannot move instantly if a rapidly changing time varying voltage is driving the capacitor?

Hypothesis: As an example of the origin of this mechanism, the internal microscopic dipoles contributing to the dielectric constant cannot move instantly, and so as frequency of an applied alternating voltage increases, the dipole response is limited and the dielectric constant diminishes.


Premise: When is the later of the two times that Christmas music on adult contemporary stations usually ends?

Hypothesis: These Christmas music marathons typically start during the week before Thanksgiving Day and end after Christmas Day, or sometimes extending to New Year's Day.


Premise: How many eggs can be laid by the present day decendants of the Japanese quail?

Hypothesis: By 1940, the quail egg industry was flourishing, but the events of World War II led to the complete loss of quail lines bred for their song type, as well as almost all of those bred for egg production.


Premise: Who brokered a traty with the Makoko people?

Hypothesis: The area north of the Congo River came under French sovereignty in 1880 as a result of Pierre de Brazza's treaty with Makoko of the Bateke.


Premise: How did post-punk artists once again approach the studio?

Hypothesis: According to Reynolds, artists once again approached the studio as an instrument, using new recording methods and pursuing novel sonic territories.


Premise: Does Burma have more than one religion ?

Hypothesis: Many religions are practised in Myanmar.


Premise: What private university is located in downtown New Haven?

Hypothesis: Gateway Community College has a campus in downtown New Haven, formerly located in the Long Wharf district; Gateway consolidated into one campus downtown into a new state-of-the-art campus (on the site of the old Macy's building) and was open for the Fall 2012 semester.


Premise: Where is BYU's main campus?

Hypothesis: It is owned and operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), and, excluding online students, is the largest of any religious university and the third largest private university in the United States, with 29,672 on-campus students.


Premise: How many universities are in Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: Osmania University, established in 1918, was the first university in Hyderabad and as of 2012[update] is India's second most popular institution for international students.


Premise: Where does the Jordan Rift Valley lie?

Hypothesis: East of the central highlands lies the Jordan Rift Valley, which forms a small part of the 6,500-kilometer (4,039 mi) Great Rift Valley.


Premise: What was Bozize indicted for?

Hypothesis: Michel Djotodia took over as president and in May 2013 Central African Republic's Prime Minister Nicolas Tiangaye requested a UN peacekeeping force from the UN Security Council and on 31 May former President Bozizé was indicted for crimes against humanity and incitement of genocide.


Premise: What can wrestlers do when a ref is out?

Hypothesis: It is not uncommon for the referees themselves to get knocked out during a match, which is commonly referred to by the term "ref bump".


Premise: What is one example of failure testing?

Hypothesis: Destructive testing attempts to cause the software or a sub-system to fail.


Premise: What are writing systems which make no distinction between majuscales and minuscules often referred to as?

Hypothesis: Many other writing systems make no distinction between majuscules and minuscules – a system called unicameral script or unicase.


Premise: What is used to extract zinc during the production process?

Hypothesis: Zinc production includes froth flotation of the ore, roasting, and final extraction using electricity (electrowinning).


Premise: To what is the circadian rhythm tied?

Hypothesis: The rhythm is linked to the light–dark cycle.


Premise: What year was Mendel's work first published?

Hypothesis: Prior to Mendel's work, the dominant theory of heredity was one of blending inheritance, which suggested that each parent contributed fluids to the fertilisation process and that the traits of the parents blended and mixed to produce the offspring.


Premise: Warriors appointed for specific tasks were called what?

Hypothesis: At that time the imperial court did not possess an army but rather relied on an organization of professional warriors composed mainly of oryoshi, which were appointed to an individual province and tsuibushi, which were appointed over imperial circuits or for specific tasks.


Premise: How does Unicode encode characters?

Hypothesis: Unicode encodes characters by associating an abstract character with a particular code point.


Premise: To be shown on SDTV in PAL-system countries, at what rate is cinema film scanned?

Hypothesis: To be shown on standard television, in PAL-system countries, cinema film is scanned at the TV rate of 25 frame/s, causing a speedup of 4.1 percent, which is generally considered acceptable.


Premise: Which European first saw the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar was the first European to see the islands in 1526, commanding the ship Santa Maria de la Victoria, the only surviving vessel of the Loaísa Expedition.


Premise: What was the root cause of the Brixton riot in 1981?

Hypothesis: In 1965 London's political boundaries were expanded to take into account the growth of the urban area and a new Greater London Council was created.


Premise: After what entities are German dialects traditionally named?

Hypothesis: German dialectology traditionally names the major dialect groups after Germanic tribes from which they were assumed to have descended.[citation needed]


Premise: Other than Tibetan Buddhism, what other Buddhism supports bardo?

Hypothesis: The orthodox Theravada position rejects this; however there are passages in the Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon that seem to lend support to the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between one life and the next.[page needed]


Premise: Who was the first writer to date the Middle Ages from 476?

Hypothesis: The most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476, first used by Bruni.[A]


Premise: What author wrote of disaster prodigies?

Hypothesis: The discovery of an androgynous four-year-old child was expiated by its drowning and the holy procession of 27 virgins to the temple of Juno Regina, singing a hymn to avert disaster: a lightning strike during the hymn rehearsals required further expiation.


Premise: How did Prince Philip's uncle, Lord Mounbatten, die?

Hypothesis: Times of personal significance have included the births and marriages of her children, grandchildren and great grandchildren, her coronation in 1953, and the celebration of milestones such as her Silver, Golden and Diamond Jubilees in 1977, 2002, and 2012, respectively.


Premise: What is considered to be the the Korean War's equivalent to Gettysburg?

Hypothesis: The battle is sometimes known as the Gettysburg of the Korean War.


Premise: Who ruled Nri?

Hypothesis: Nri and Aguleri, where the Igbo creation myth originates, are in the territory of the Umeuri clan.


Premise: What loophole did the ruling give rise to?

Hypothesis: 535 (1994) was a case decided by the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts which ruled that, under the copyright and cybercrime laws effective at the time, committing copyright infringement for non-commercial motives could not be prosecuted under criminal copyright law.


Premise: What device was RF only?

Hypothesis: Because HVC-101 used composite video output instead of being RF only like the HVC-001, Nintendo marketed the newer model as the AV Famicom (AV仕様ファミコン, Eibui Shiyō Famikon?).


Premise: What limitations were put on Adobe flash to begin with?

Hypothesis: The Internet Explorer app does not support plugins or ActiveX components, but includes a version of Adobe Flash Player that is optimized for touch and low power usage.


Premise: Who is the competition open too?

Hypothesis: Entrants are not seeded, although a system of byes based on league level ensures higher ranked teams enter in later rounds - the minimum number of games needed to win the competition ranges from six to fourteen.


Premise: Which website criticized Apple's battery life claims?

Hypothesis: In 2003, class action lawsuits were brought against Apple complaining that the battery charges lasted for shorter lengths of time than stated and that the battery degraded over time.


Premise: Who do students often blame for their education short comings?

Hypothesis: Students often blame their teachers and their textbooks, despite the availability of libraries and the internet.


Premise: Which Switzerland company obtained the patent for an automatic 20 mm gun during the first World War?

Hypothesis: Rheinmetall in Germany developed an automatic 20 mm in the 1920s and Oerlikon in Switzerland had acquired the patent to an automatic 20 mm gun designed in Germany during World War I. Germany introduced the rapid-fire 2 cm FlaK 30 and later in the decade it was redesigned by Mauser-Werke and became the 2 cm FlaK 38.


Premise: Besides weather resistance, why else is Japan black used in paints?

Hypothesis: Asphalt/bitumen is used to make Japan black, a lacquer known especially for its use on iron and steel, and it is also used in paint and marker inks by some graffiti supply companies to increase the weather resistance and permanence of the paint or ink, and to make the color much darker.[citation needed] Asphalt/bitumen is also used to seal some alkaline batteries during the manufacturing process.


Premise: Where did Beyonce become pregnant?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé suffered a miscarriage in 2010 or 2011, describing it as "the saddest thing" she had ever endured.


Premise: Why is Nanjing so strong in textiles and minting?

Hypothesis: Since the Three Kingdoms period, Nanjing has been an industrial centre for textiles and minting owing to its strategic geographical location and convenient transportation.


Premise: For about how many years was Old English used?

Hypothesis: Perhaps around 85 per cent of Old English words are no longer in use, but those that survived, to be sure, are basic elements of Modern English vocabulary.


Premise: What are common dishes in Guinea-Bissau?

Hypothesis: Common dishes include soups and stews.


Premise: By what Quran verse to Shias believe that Imamah is a divine position?

Hypothesis: By the verse Quran, 2:124, Shias believe that Imamah is a divine position always Imamah is accompanied by the word guidance, of course a guidance by God's Command.


Premise: What does Mary stand upon in this symbol?

Hypothesis: The popularity of this particular representation of The Immaculate Conception spread across the rest of Europe, and has since remained the best known artistic depiction of the concept: in a heavenly realm, moments after her creation, the spirit of Mary (in the form of a young woman) looks up in awe at (or bows her head to) God.


Premise: What is the second degree of Masonry?

Hypothesis: In other jurisdictions, the grade is not recognised, and no inner ceremony conveys new secrets during the installation of a new Master of the Lodge.


Premise: What scientific act is Friedrich Wohler known for?

Hypothesis: Linus Pauling's book on The Nature of the Chemical Bond used the principles of quantum mechanics to deduce bond angles in ever-more complicated molecules.


Premise: In what year did notable Times Magazine contributor, Gile Coren, become Food and Drink Writer of the Year?

Hypothesis: The Times Magazine features columns touching on various subjects such as celebrities, fashion and beauty, food and drink, homes and gardens or simply writers' anecdotes.


Premise: Why were 45s more popular with jukeboxes?

Hypothesis: The large center hole on 45s allows for easier handling by jukebox mechanisms.


Premise: Name a property that makes copper a good material to use in marine environments?

Hypothesis: Similarly, as discussed in copper alloys in aquaculture, copper alloys have become important netting materials in the aquaculture industry because they are antimicrobial and prevent biofouling, even in extreme conditions and have strong structural and corrosion-resistant properties in marine environments.


Premise: What did religious freedom result from?

Hypothesis: Steven Waldman notes that; "The evangelicals provided the political muscle for the efforts of Madison and Jefferson, not merely because they wanted to block official churches but because they wanted to keep the spiritual and secular worlds apart."


Premise: What is the necessary according to Avicenna?

Hypothesis: Avicenna argued that the impossible being is that which cannot exist, while the contingent in itself (mumkin bi-dhatihi) has the potentiality to be or not to be without entailing a contradiction.


Premise: Which body system are a person's lungs a major proponent of?

Hypothesis: Pubertal development also affects circulatory and respiratory systems as an adolescents' heart and lungs increase in both size and capacity.