Premise: What century did Songhai become independent from Mali?

Hypothesis: In the late 14th century, the Songhai gradually gained independence from the Mali Empire and expanded, ultimately subsuming the entire eastern portion of the Mali Empire.


Premise: What is one of the many outcomes of the Census data?

Hypothesis: The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity.


Premise: By what company have the Lisbon tram services been supplies by?

Hypothesis: In Portugal, Lisbon tram services have been supplied by the Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa (Carris), for over a century.


Premise: Where was The Use of Knowledge in Society published?

Hypothesis: In 1991, US President George H. W. Bush awarded Hayek the Presidential Medal of Freedom, one of the two highest civilian awards in the United States, for a "lifetime of looking beyond the horizon".


Premise: Where does the author state that the Roman Catholic Church received her facts and confirmations ?

Hypothesis: Further claims were made that the Roman Catholic Church derives its doctrine from the Islamic teaching.


Premise: What were the last two cities to be controlled by Gaddafi's government?

Hypothesis: On 25 August, the Arab League recognised the NTC to be "the legitimate representative of the Libyan state", on which basis Libya would resume its membership in the League.


Premise: What is the IEC guideline for an unacceptable level of light loss?

Hypothesis: For bulbs that contain a vacuum, the darkening is uniform across the entire surface of the envelope.


Premise: What did the person who spoke to the media at Trocadéro say China lacked?

Hypothesis: Also present was Thupten Gyatso, President of the French Tibetan community, who called upon pro-Tibet demonstrators to "remain calm, non-violent, peaceful".


Premise: Under which king were the heresy laws repealed in 1547?

Hypothesis: Under Edward VI, the heresy laws were repealed in 1547 only to be reintroduced in 1554 by Mary I; even so two radicals were executed in Edward's reign (one for denying the reality of the incarnation, the other for denying Christ's divinity).


Premise: Which group's study suggested that Basel accords encourage unconventional business practices?

Hypothesis: Critics such as economist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner have argued that the regulatory framework did not keep pace with financial innovation, such as the increasing importance of the shadow banking system, derivatives and off-balance sheet financing.


Premise: What do they destroy now instead of clay pipes?

Hypothesis: Yale seniors at graduation smash clay pipes underfoot to symbolize passage from their "bright college years," though in recent history the pipes have been replaced with "bubble pipes".


Premise: What university was Lok-Ham Chan a professor at?

Hypothesis: Georges Dreyfus, a professor of religion at Williams College, writes that it was Changchub Gyaltsen who adopted the old administrative system of Songtsän Gampo (


Premise: Endo received what award in 2008?

Hypothesis: In April 1994, the results of a Merck-sponsored study, the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study, were announced.


Premise: For what reasons are elevators routed one-by-one?

Hypothesis: Some elevator banks are programmed so that at least one car will always return to the lobby floor and park whenever it becomes free.


Premise: In what year was the 6th gen iPod Classic released?

Hypothesis: Starting with the iPod Mini, the Chicago font was replaced with Espy Sans.


Premise: iPods released before what year had issues with distorted bass?

Hypothesis: This would happen for EQ settings like R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster, because the equalizer amplified the digital audio level beyond the software's limit, causing distortion (clipping) on bass instruments.


Premise: When did Imported Chinese labor arrive?

Hypothesis: Imported Chinese labourers arrived in 1810, reaching a peak of 618 in 1818, after which numbers were reduced.


Premise: What is the foundation of Samadhi/Bhavana?

Hypothesis: Keeping the precepts promotes not only the peace of mind of the cultivator, which is internal, but also peace in the community, which is external.


Premise: Giving government jobs to supporters is called what?

Hypothesis: Patronage refers to favoring supporters, for example with government employment.


Premise: Who initiated a successful price war among PC manufacturers in 1994?

Hypothesis: Compaq, who had previously held the third place spot among PC manufacturers during the 1980s and early-mid 1990s, initiated a successful price war in 1994 that vaulted them to the biggest by the year end, overtaking a struggling IBM and relegating Apple to third place.


Premise: What system was in place to raise and educate Victoria; while also rendering her weak and dependent?

Hypothesis: Her mother was extremely protective, and Victoria was raised largely isolated from other children under the so-called "Kensington System", an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess and her ambitious and domineering comptroller, Sir John Conroy, who was rumoured to be the Duchess's lover.


Premise: How many feet above sea level is the highest point of the Saxue Mountains?

Hypothesis: One of these ranges, Daxue Mountains, contains the highest point of the province Gongga Shan, at 7,556 metres (24,790 ft) above sea level.


Premise: What publication of Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a leading text in the late 18th century and was published 1767 in Geneva and 1768 in Paris?

Hypothesis: From the Earliest Ages to the Present Period (1776), which was a historical survey and an attempt to rationalize elements in music systematically over time.


Premise: Does God have a gender?

Hypothesis: Because God is conceived as not being a corporeal being, God cannot(some say should not) be portrayed in a literal visual image; some religious groups use a man (sometimes old and bearded) to symbolize God because of His deed of creating man's mind in the image of His own.


Premise: When was the state run Nehru Government Engineering College started?

Hypothesis: (Waknaghat, Solan) the Baddi University of Emerging Sciences and Technologies Baddi, IEC University, Shoolini University Of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Manav Bharti University Solan, the Jaypee University of Information Technology Waknaghat, Eternal University, Sirmaur & Chitkara University Solan are some of the pioneer universities in the state.


Premise: What two things did Cubism in the early 20th century form an important link between?

Hypothesis: Cubism formed an important link between early-20th-century art and architecture.


Premise: Are children or adolescents more likely to question assertions and less likely to accept facts?

Hypothesis: Compared to children, adolescents are more likely to question others' assertions, and less likely to accept facts as absolute truths.


Premise: In what year did the Varangians impose tribute from the Slavic and Finnic?

Hypothesis: " The tribes had no laws, however, and soon began to make war with one another, prompting them to invite the Varangians back to rule them and bring peace to the region:


Premise: How many rooms does the largest hotel in St. Barts have?

Hypothesis: The largest has 58 rooms.


Premise: Which huge tech corporation moved its headquarters the Seattle area?

Hypothesis: Many of the Seattle area's tech companies remained relatively strong, but the frenzied dot-com boom years ended in early 2001.


Premise: Where did the BeiDou-2 system start offering services in 2012?

Hypothesis: The BeiDou-2 system began offering services for the Asia-Pacific region in December 2012.


Premise: Where does 35th Street begin?

Hypothesis: 35th Street runs from FDR Drive to Eleventh Avenue.


Premise: Which African coast did many slaves that were sold in Charles Town come from?

Hypothesis: An estimated 40% of the total 400,000 Africans transported and sold as slaves into North America are estimated to have landed at Sullivan's Island, just off the port of Charles Town; it is described as a "hellish Ellis Island of sorts ....


Premise: Along with with ethnicity and genetics, what is the other factor associated with differences in pain perception?

Hypothesis: Differences in pain perception and tolerance thresholds are associated with, among other factors, ethnicity, genetics, and sex.


Premise: What year was the uncertainty principle formed?

Hypothesis: Werner Heisenberg's uncertainty principle formulated in 1927, predict a fundamental limit within which instantaneous position and momentum, or energy and time can be measured.


Premise: Which document, granted by Edward VII, was officially signed on the 8th of July 1907?

Hypothesis: Imperial's Royal Charter, granted by Edward VII, was officially signed on 8 July 1907.


Premise: What does a principled debate on the issues not support a charge of?

Hypothesis: J. Brent Walker, Executive Director of the Baptist Joint Committee, responded to Hamburger's claims noting; "The fact that the separation of church and state has been supported by some who exhibited an anti-Catholic animus or a secularist bent does not impugn the validity of the principle.


Premise: When did Thuringii emerge?

Hypothesis: An older theory claimed that they were successors of the Hermunduri, but later research rejected the idea.


Premise: Who did the visual effects for 'War of the Worlds'?

Hypothesis: Also in 2005, Spielberg directed a modern adaptation of War of the Worlds (a co-production of Paramount and DreamWorks), based on the H. G. Wells book of the same name (Spielberg had been a huge fan of the book and the original 1953 film).


Premise: When was Mick Cornett first elected?

Hypothesis: Mick Cornett serves as Mayor, having first been elected in 2004, and re-elected in 2006, 2010, and 2014.


Premise: Which company manages the winners of American Idol?

Hypothesis: The winner receives a record deal with a major label, which may be for up to six albums, and secures a management contract with American Idol-affiliated 19 Management (which has the right of first refusal to sign all contestants), as well as various lucrative contracts.


Premise: What is the cultural purpose of adolescence?

Hypothesis: It is a period of multiple transitions involving education, training, employment and unemployment, as well as transitions from one living circumstance to another.


Premise: What is the name of the aircraft circling the globe in 2015 via solar power?

Hypothesis: It is a single-seat plane powered by solar cells and capable of taking off under its own power.


Premise: How long did Operation Desert Storm last?

Hypothesis: The campaign ended in total victory, as Western coalition forces routed the Iraqi Army, organized along Soviet lines, in just one hundred hours.


Premise: Who was the great grandson of Muhammad ibn Ali Bakr?

Hypothesis: In 656, Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, the son of Abu Bakr, the adopted son of Ali ibn Abi Talib, and the great grandfather of Ja'far al-Sadiq, showed some Egyptians the house of Uthman ibn al-Affan.


Premise: 5000 men represented what fraction of General Lee's army?

Hypothesis: On April 1, General Philip Sheridan, assigned to interdict the Southside Railroad, met brigades commanded by George Pickett at the Five Forks junction, smashing them, taking thousands of prisoners, and encouraging General Grant to order a general advance.


Premise: Southampton was important to transit between Winchester and what other region in England in the 11th century?

Hypothesis: Southampton Castle was built in the 12th century and by the 13th century Southampton had become a leading port, particularly involved in the import of French wine in exchange for English cloth and wool.


Premise: The Xbox 360 Elite eventually launched at what price point?

Hypothesis: The Elite package was launched later at US$479.


Premise: How would one describe the control of universities before nation-states in the 17th century?

Hypothesis: This era was also affected by the rise of the nation-state.


Premise: Biggeri and Mehrotra studied primarily Asia nations including India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Philippines and what other country?

Hypothesis: Macroeconomic causes encouraged widespread child labour across the world, over most of human history.


Premise: What group likes the term bitumen instead of asphalt?

Hypothesis: The terms asphalt and bitumen are often used interchangeably to mean both natural and manufactured forms of the substance.


Premise: Why did some landlords burn their own buildings?

Hypothesis: The burning of buildings was predominantly in the poorest communities, like the South Bronx.


Premise: What dialects of the northern group are spoken on the saarte murre?

Hypothesis: The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands')


Premise: When was the second reign of Chalukyans?

Hypothesis: The Chalukya dynasty ruled parts of southern and central India from Badami in Karnataka between 550 and 750, and then again from Kalyani between 970 and 1190.


Premise: what does an isp do?

Hypothesis: Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned.


Premise: What was the first map to show the whole North American East coast?

Hypothesis: The first scientific map to show the North American East coast continuously, the 1527 world map known as the Padrón Real, was informed by Gomes' expedition, and labeled the Northeast as Tierra de Esteban Gómez in his honor.


Premise: During the period of Georgian architecture what did landowners turn into?

Hypothesis: In towns, which expanded greatly during the period, landowners turned into property developers, and rows of identical terraced houses became the norm.


Premise: How far away from the line of scrimmage must Canadian football defenders be?

Hypothesis: In the Canadian game all players on the defending team, when a down begins, must be at least 1 yard from the line of scrimmage.


Premise: How were hackers able to obtain unrestricted access to Rome's networking systems?

Hypothesis: Using trojan horses, hackers were able to obtain unrestricted access to Rome's networking systems and remove traces of their activities.


Premise: Adding more elements to a Yagi-Uda would have what effect?

Hypothesis: A Yagi-Uda array uses passive elements to greatly increase gain.


Premise: When was the Labout party defeated?

Hypothesis: Benn was only narrowly defeated by Healey in a bitterly fought deputy leadership election in 1981 after the introduction of an electoral college intended to widen the voting franchise to elect the leader and their deputy.


Premise: What effect did the establishment of the kingdom of Macedonia have on Greece?

Hypothesis: Convinced now that the Greeks (and therefore the rest of the region) would not have peace if left alone, Rome decided to establish its first permanent foothold in the Greek world, and divided the Kingdom of Macedonia into four client republics.


Premise: When was the Massey conference held?

Hypothesis: In America, Episcopalian Dennis Bennett is sometimes cited as one of the charismatic movement's seminal influence.


Premise: How could Japanese products only enter South Korea?

Hypothesis: A similar licensing deal was reached with Hyundai Electronics, who licensed the system under the name Comboy in the South Korean market.


Premise: Who declared the "Mayor" of Mexico City?

Hypothesis: Mexico City, being the seat of the powers of the Union, did not belong to any particular state but to all.


Premise: When did Macmillan resign?

Hypothesis: Six years later, in 1963, Macmillan resigned and advised the Queen to appoint the Earl of Home as prime minister, advice that she followed.


Premise: When can dynamic testing occur?

Hypothesis: Reviews, walkthroughs, or inspections are referred to as static testing, whereas actually executing programmed code with a given set of test cases is referred to as dynamic testing.


Premise: What does Fitna mean?

Hypothesis: The resulting conflict, which lasted from 656 until 661, is known as the First Fitna ("civil war").


Premise: When was the Bologna process adopted?

Hypothesis: The Bologna process has been adopted, since 2006, by Portuguese universities and poly-technical institutes.


Premise: What London concert venue shares its first name with a famous football stadium?

Hypothesis: London has numerous venues for rock and pop concerts, including the world's busiest arena the o2 arena and other large arenas such as Earls Court, Wembley Arena, as well as many mid-sized venues, such as Brixton Academy, the Hammersmith Apollo and the Shepherd's Bush Empire.


Premise: What was the peoples description of the haircutting order?

Hypothesis: The popular description of the order was: "To keep the hair, you lose the head; To keep your head, you cut the hair."


Premise: What are the components of a bipolar transistor?

Hypothesis: There are two types of transistors, which have slight differences in how they are used in a circuit.


Premise: How many HIV-infected pregnant women receive retroviral coverage?

Hypothesis: Only 20% of infected pregnant women receive anti retroviral coverage to prevent transmission to newborns.


Premise: What forms is Internet Exploer 10 available as?

Hypothesis: Internet Explorer 10 is included as both a desktop program and a touch-optimized app, and includes increased support for HTML5, CSS3, and hardware acceleration.


Premise: What's the name of the public quay that's been in Southampton since the 13th century?

Hypothesis: Town Quay is the original public quay, and dates from the 13th century.


Premise: The international torch relay was canceled for what event in June 2008?

Hypothesis: The Committee stated that the relay was being cancelled to enable the Chinese government to "focus on the rescue and relief work" following the Sichuan earthquake.


Premise: What era did the classical era follow?

Hypothesis: The common practice period is when many of the ideas that make up western classical music took shape, standardized, or were codified.


Premise: What kind of activists were arrested in Almaty?

Hypothesis: Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev.


Premise: Where did the majority of the concepts of Mary's birth show themselves the most ?

Hypothesis: Although hymnographers and scholars, like the Emperor Justinian I, were accustomed to call Mary "prepurified" in their poetic and credal statements, the first point of departure for more fully commenting on Nazianzen's meaning occurs in Sophronius of Jerusalem.


Premise: What kinds of amensalism are there?

Hypothesis: Note that these nutrients become available because of the sapling's decomposition, rather than from the living sapling, which would be a case of parasitism.[citation needed]


Premise: What publication reported that the Arena Football League was thinking about filing bankruptcy?

Hypothesis: On July 20, 2009, Sports Business Journal reported that the AFL owed approximately $14 million to its creditors and were considering filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.


Premise: What does SWAPO stand for?

Hypothesis: Uprisings and demands by African leaders led the UN to assume direct responsibility over the territory.


Premise: What did English mystics tend to focus on in their studies?

Hypothesis: English mystics of all types tended to focus on the moral values that the events in Christ's life exemplified.


Premise: When are events usually shown as they appeared on the Julian calendar?

Hypothesis: Extending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction produces a proleptic calendar, which should be used with some caution.


Premise: When did von NEumann develop first self reproducing computer program?

Hypothesis: He also created the field of cellular automata without the aid of computers, constructing the first self-replicating automata with pencil and graph paper.


Premise: Which part of the incandescent light bulb is heated?

Hypothesis: The hot filament is protected from oxidation with a glass or quartz bulb that is filled with inert gas or evacuated.


Premise: What is the path of moderation called he followed?

Hypothesis: He devoted himself to anapanasati meditation, through which he discovered what Buddhists call the Middle Way (Skt. madhyamā-pratipad): a path of moderation between the extremes of self-indulgence and self-mortification.[web 2][web 3]


Premise: What did the Commonwealth want to replace the Norfolk Island government with?

Hypothesis: It was announced on 19 March 2015 that self-governance for the island would be revoked by the Commonwealth and replaced by a local council with the state of New South Wales providing services to the island.


Premise: Westminster Abbey was the third highest place of learning after which two places?

Hypothesis: It was here that the first third of the King James Bible Old Testament and the last half of the New Testament were translated.


Premise: While he was in secondary school, what sort of activism did Gaddafi support?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi moved to Misrata, there attending Misrata Secondary School.


Premise: What happened to nobility at expense of the king?

Hypothesis: The Polish nobility differed in many respects from the nobility of other countries.


Premise: During what notable Middle East conflict is it believed by some that Universities received influence from madrasas?

Hypothesis: Lowe and Yasuhara have recently drawn on the well-documented influences of scholarship from the Islamic world on the universities of Western Europe to call for a reconsideration of the development of higher education, turning away from a concern with local institutional structures to a broader consideration within a global context.


Premise: What teaching style did Milton Winternitz develop?

Hypothesis: Dedicated to the new scientific medicine established in Germany, he was equally fervent about "social medicine" and the study of humans in their culture and environment.


Premise: What is another word for when alloys solidify?

Hypothesis: When the alloy cools and solidifies (crystallizes), its mechanical properties will often be quite different from those of its individual constituents.


Premise: In the 1920's and 30's to theorist thought wars could be won by air forces what were their names?

Hypothesis: In the 1920s and 1930s, air power theorists Giulio Douhet and Billy Mitchell espoused the idea that air forces could win wars by themselves, without a need for land and sea fighting.


Premise: Which direction does the Cross Bronx Expressway run through the South Bronx?

Hypothesis: The Cross Bronx Expressway bisects it, east to west.


Premise: What squadron is present but not an official part of the Brigade?

Hypothesis: A tactical helicopter squadron and a field ambulance are co-located with each brigade, but do not form part of the brigade's command structure.


Premise: From what area were the participants of the Pyrenees Cup competition?

Hypothesis: With the new stadium, Barcelona participated in the inaugural version of the Pyrenees Cup, which, at the time, consisted of the best teams of Languedoc, Midi and Aquitaine (Southern France), the Basque Country and Catalonia; all were former members of the Marca Hispanica region.


Premise: As of 2000, how many people lived in the Plano Piloto?

Hypothesis: The main purpose of the metro is to serve cities, such as Samambaia, Taguatinga and Ceilândia, as well as Guará and Águas Claras.


Premise: What code eventually became neglected?

Hypothesis: The Model 33 was also notable for taking the description of Control-G (BEL, meaning audibly alert the operator) literally as the unit contained an actual bell which it rang when it received a BEL character.


Premise: Who deployed troops to start the Nama-Herero war?

Hypothesis: The missionaries accompanying the Orlams were well received by them, the right to use waterholes and grazing was granted against an annual payment.


Premise: What does the black walnut give out that kills plants?

Hypothesis: Note that these nutrients become available because of the sapling's decomposition, rather than from the living sapling, which would be a case of parasitism.[citation needed]


Premise: With whom were the British hopeing to negotiate?

Hypothesis: When the British-led invasion reached Tibet on December 12, 1903, an armed confrontation with the ethnic Tibetans resulted in the Massacre of Chumik Shenko, which resulted in 600 fatalities amongst the Tibetan forces, compared to only 12 on the British side.


Premise: Which of the Marshall Islands did Salazar most likely see?

Hypothesis: Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar was the first European to see the islands in 1526, commanding the ship Santa Maria de la Victoria, the only surviving vessel of the Loaísa Expedition.


Premise: What is found to a lesser extent in Classical Sanskrit?

Hypothesis: In some contexts, there are also more "prakritisms" (borrowings from common speech) than in Classical Sanskrit proper.


Premise: In what movie was it originally planned to kill the character Mr. White?

Hypothesis: In a separate interview with Danish website Euroman, Jesper Christensen revealed he would be reprising his role as Mr. White from Casino Royale and Quantum of Solace.


Premise: Where did Wilson reduce police corruption?

Hypothesis: O.W. Wilson, a student of Vollmer, helped reduce corruption and introduce professionalism in Wichita, Kansas, and later in the Chicago Police Department.


Premise: How is the prison quality in the CAR?

Hypothesis: It also alleged harsh and life-threatening conditions in prisons and detention centers, arbitrary arrest, prolonged pretrial detention and denial of a fair trial, restrictions on freedom of movement, official corruption, and restrictions on workers' rights.


Premise: Which Indie band said Beyoncé was an inspiration for one of hteir albums?

Hypothesis: Nicki Minaj has stated that seeing Beyoncé's Pepsi commercial influenced her decision to appear in the company's 2012 global campaign.


Premise: How many bank branches were in the Bronx by 2007?

Hypothesis: More bank branches opened in the Bronx as a whole (rising from 106 in 1997 to 149 in 2007), although not primarily in poor or minority neighborhoods, while the Bronx still has fewer branches per person than other boroughs.


Premise: Why were instruments more unwelcome to Christians?

Hypothesis: Instruments have divided Christendom since their introduction into worship.


Premise: How is current brought to the rotor in a synchronous motor?

Hypothesis: Slip rings and brushes are used to conduct current to the rotor.


Premise: Where did Endo discover ML-236B?

Hypothesis: In 1971, Akira Endo, a Japanese biochemist working for the pharmaceutical company Sankyo, identified mevastatin (ML-236B), a molecule produced by the fungus Penicillium citrinum, as an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, a critical enzyme used by the body to produce cholesterol.


Premise: What year was the Hellgate treaty formed?

Hypothesis: While the treaty established what later became the Flathead Indian Reservation, trouble with interpreters and confusion over the terms of the treaty led whites to believe that the Bitterroot Valley was opened to settlement, but the tribal nations disputed those provisions.


Premise: Analysis of what genome has emphasised the importance of sponges, placozoans, and choanoflagellates  in explaining the arrival of 1500 ancestral genes unique to the Eumetazoa?

Hypothesis: This was facilitated by the severely reduced state of their genomes, but as many genes, introns, and linkages lost, these ecdysozoans can teach us little about the origins of animals in general.


Premise: Drama is sometimes blended with what other elements?

Hypothesis: The form is often combined with music and dance, as in opera and musical theatre.


Premise: What influence are most biological traits under?

Hypothesis: Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as the gene–environment interactions.


Premise: What origin was Leto?

Hypothesis: The name of Apollo's mother Leto has Lydian origin, and she was worshipped on the coasts of Asia Minor.


Premise: Which major university began issuing iPods to all incoming freshmen starting in 2004?

Hypothesis: There has also been academic research done in this area in nursing education and more general K-16 education.


Premise: Who is the movie Donnie Brasco based on?

Hypothesis: The 1997 movie Donnie Brasco is based on the true story of undercover FBI agent Joseph D. Pistone infiltrating the Mafia.


Premise: Who clarified the new code of Canon law of 1983?

Hypothesis: However, the matter was clarified when Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI), as the Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, issued a Declaration on Masonic Associations, which states: "...


Premise: What did Tuvalu do in 2013 in regards to it least developed country status?

Hypothesis: Prime Minister Enele Sopoaga said that this deferral was necessary to maintain access by Tuvalu to the funds provided by the United Nations's National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA), as "Once Tuvalu graduates to a developed country, it will not be considered for funding assistance for climate change adaptation programmes like NAPA, which only goes to LDCs".


Premise: What is the largest bird?

Hypothesis: They rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, at approximately ten thousand, with more than half of these being passerines, sometimes known as perching birds or, less accurately, as songbirds.


Premise: Name a National Park in Florida

Hypothesis: A peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.


Premise: When was the first AFL season played?

Hypothesis: The AFL played 22 seasons from 1987 to 2008; internal issues caused the league to cancel its 2009 season, though the af2 did play.


Premise: What is the prognosis for asthma?

Hypothesis: The prognosis for asthma is generally good, especially for children with mild disease.


Premise: What percentage of the population was "Black other"?

Hypothesis: The preferred official umbrella term is "black and minority ethnic" (BME), but sometimes the term "black" is used on its own, to express unified opposition to racism, as in the Southall Black Sisters, which started with a mainly British Asian constituency, and the National Black Police Association, which has a membership of "African, African-Caribbean and Asian origin".


Premise: How much of an asexual organism's genome is inherited from its parents?

Hypothesis: Asexual organisms simply inherit a complete copy of their parent's genome.


Premise: At was age was Sandra Laing expelled from school?

Hypothesis: Sandra Laing is a South African woman who was classified as Coloured by authorities during the apartheid era, due to her skin colour and hair texture, although her parents could prove at least three generations of European ancestors.


Premise: When was the first madrasa started in North America?

Hypothesis: Their most prominent graduate Shaykh Muhammad Alshareef completed his Hifz in the early 1990s then went on to deviate from his traditional roots and form the Salafist organization the AlMaghrib Institute.


Premise: What is restricted unless the film has a traditional theater release?

Hypothesis: In response to Cusumano's perspective, Screen Producers Australia executive director Matt Deaner clarified the motivation of the film industry: "Distributors are usually wanting to encourage cinema-going as part of this process [monetizing through returns] and restrict the immediate access to online so as to encourage the maximum number of people to go to the cinema."


Premise: Some federal and state statutes remain on the books for how long after they are ruled unconstitutional?

Hypothesis: Many federal and state statutes have remained on the books for decades after they were ruled to be unconstitutional.


Premise: Who is Yueju traditionally performed by?

Hypothesis: Yueju originated in Shengzhou and is traditionally performed by actresses only, in both male and female roles.


Premise: What was the market share of OS X in North America by March 2011?

Hypothesis: By March 2011, the market share of OS X in North America had increased to slightly over 14%.


Premise: What is the Faraday constant?

Hypothesis: The Faraday constant F is the charge of one mole of electrons, equal to the Avogadro constant NA multiplied by the elementary charge e. It can be determined by careful electrolysis experiments, measuring the amount of silver dissolved from an electrode in a given time and for a given electric current.


Premise: How many hospitals belong to the Medical Center group of organizations?

Hypothesis: Employing more than 73,600 people, institutions at the medical center include 13 hospitals and two specialty institutions, two medical schools, four nursing schools, and schools of dentistry, public health, pharmacy, and virtually all health-related careers.


Premise: What oath did the Bishops have to take at the trial?

Hypothesis: He presented an Arian formula of faith for their acceptance.


Premise: What type of oak tree is colonizing many abandoned areas in Portugal?

Hypothesis: In Gerês both deciduous and coniferous forests can be found, an extremely rare worldwide mature mediterranean forest remain in some parts of the Arrábida mountain and a subtropical laurissilva forest, dating back to the Tertiary period, covers its largest continuous area in the world in the Madeira main island.


Premise: Who condemned the various attacks on the torch relay route?

Hypothesis: No major protests were visible in the Latin America, Africa, and Western Asia legs of the torch relay.


Premise: What was the first compact Mac with a 20 MB internal hard drive and an expansion slot?

Hypothesis: The SE's expansion slot was located inside the case along with the CRT, potentially exposing an upgrader to high voltage.


Premise: What team won the Soviet football Cup in 1973 and 1975?

Hypothesis: The most successful team was the FC Ararat Yerevan team of the 1970s who won the Soviet Cup in 1973 and 1975 and the Soviet Top League in 1973.


Premise: How did France's native allies treat the British prisoners?

Hypothesis: The latter victory was marred when France's native allies broke the terms of capitulation and attacked the retreating British column, which was under French guard, slaughtering and scalping soldiers and taking captive many men, women and children while the French refused to protect their captives.


Premise: What is the adult literacy rate in Portugal?

Hypothesis: The total adult literacy rate is 99 percent.


Premise: Which year was used for estimates in the 2010 report?

Hypothesis: Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:


Premise: Who was Gallus disgraced by?

Hypothesis: At Maecenas' insistence (according to the tradition) Virgil spent the ensuing years (perhaps 37–29 BC) on the long didactic hexameter poem called the Georgics (from Greek, "On Working the Earth") which he dedicated to Maecenas.


Premise: When is ein diutscher first used?

Hypothesis: Natively, the term ein diutscher ("a German") is used for the people of Germany from the 12th century.


Premise: What role did Arthur Holly Compton serve at Washington University?

Hypothesis: After working for many years at the University of Chicago, Arthur Holly Compton returned to St. Louis in 1946 to serve as Washington University's ninth chancellor.


Premise: Who has shown support for ambitious renewable energy goals?

Hypothesis: EU member countries have shown support for ambitious renewable energy goals.


Premise: What is Lancashire's long and productive tradition?

Hypothesis: In the early modern era the county shared in the national tradition of balladry, including perhaps the finest border ballad, "The Ballad of Chevy Chase", thought to have been composed by the Lancashire-born minstrel Richard Sheale.


Premise: What fed US hysteria about terrorism?

Hypothesis: There is also perceived U.S. hypocrisy, media-induced hysteria, and that differences in foreign and security policy have damaged America's image in most of the world.


Premise: The pitch of complex tones can be?

Hypothesis: A complex tone composed of two sine waves of 1000 and 1200 Hz may sometimes be heard as up to three pitches: two spectral pitches at 1000 and 1200 Hz, derived from the physical frequencies of the pure tones, and the combination tone at 200 Hz, corresponding to the repetition rate of the waveform.


Premise: If (SMURFF) did not collect water where would it go?

Hypothesis: An urban runoff facility (SMURFF), the first of its kind in the US, catches and treats 3.5 million US gallons (13,000 m3) of water each week that would otherwise flow into the bay via storm-drains and sells it back to end-users within the city for reuse as gray-water, while bio-swales throughout the city allow rainwater to percolate into and replenish the groundwater supply.


Premise: Who was Chief Financial Officer of Apple in July of 2009?

Hypothesis: The continual decline of iPod sales since 2009 has not been a surprising trend for the Apple corporation, as Apple CFO Peter Oppenheimer explained in June 2009: "We expect our traditional MP3 players to decline over time as we cannibalize ourselves with the iPod Touch and the iPhone."


Premise: How does meteoric iron come to earth?

Hypothesis: It is the main constituent of iron meteorites which occasionally fall down on Earth from outer space.


Premise: What station did Mike Marino work for in 1997?

Hypothesis: Unlike modern rock, which went after 18-34 men, this format appealed to women.


Premise: How are judges placed on Sweden's high courts?

Hypothesis: The judges are appointed by the Government.


Premise: Where did most rounds shot at aircraft usually explode?

Hypothesis: All armies soon deployed AA guns often based on their smaller field pieces, notably the French 75 mm and Russian 76.2 mm, typically simply propped up on some sort of embankment to get the muzzle pointed skyward.


Premise: Who disarmed Japan's Buddhist monks?

Hypothesis: Oda Nobunaga made innovations in the fields of organization and war tactics, heavily used arquebuses, developed commerce and industry and treasured innovation.


Premise: What was too small to keep Nasser in power?

Hypothesis: To promote himself and the Liberation Rally, he gave speeches in a cross-country tour, and imposed controls over the country's press by decreeing that all publications had to be approved by the party to prevent "sedition".


Premise: How many times was the Consumer Preview downloaded in the first 24 hours?

Hypothesis: The day after its release, Windows 8 Consumer Preview had been downloaded over one million times.


Premise: When was McDermott elected to office?

Hypothesis: Ed Murray is currently serving as mayor.


Premise: Warfare in Normandy was shaped by what?

Hypothesis: Warfare in Normandy at the time was shaped by the defensive potential of castles and the increasing costs of conducting campaigns.


Premise: In what year did the ancestery question stop appearing in the US census?

Hypothesis: As the 2010 census form did not contain the question titled "Ancestry" found in prior censuses, there were campaigns to get non-Hispanic West Indian Americans, Turkish Americans, Armenian Americans, Arab Americans and Iranian Americans to indicate their ethnic or national background through the race question, specifically the "Some other race" category.


Premise: What type of desalination is used on Funafuti?

Hypothesis: Reverse osmosis (R/O) desalination units supplement rainwater harvesting on Funafuti.


Premise: When were the earliest annelid fossils found?

Hypothesis: A trace fossil consisting of a convoluted burrow partly filled with small fecal pellets may be evidence that earthworms were present in the early Triassic period from 251 to 245 million years ago.


Premise: In what period did Basil Rathbone star in a series of Sherlock Holmes films?

Hypothesis: Universal's core audience base was still found in the neighborhood movie theaters, and the studio continued to please the public with low- to medium-budget films.


Premise: What acts are included in communication between parties?

Hypothesis: Between parties, communication includes acts that confer knowledge and experiences, give advice and commands, and ask questions.


Premise: Who was the Notre Dame men's basketball coach in 2014?

Hypothesis: The team is coached by Mike Brey, who, as of the 2014–15 season, his fifteenth at Notre Dame, has achieved a 332-165 record.


Premise: What country occupied Libya during World War II?

Hypothesis: From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops.


Premise: How long did Akkadian and Sumerian coexist as spoken languages?

Hypothesis: The Semitic Akkadian language is first attested in proper names of the kings of Kish c. 2800 BC, preserved in later king lists.


Premise: When is the later of the two times that Christmas music on adult contemporary stations usually ends?

Hypothesis: The roots of this tradition can be traced back to the beautiful music and easy listening stations of the 1960s and 1970s.


Premise: Which Quranic verse describes Moses' encounter with God at the mountain?

Hypothesis: The mountain crumbles and Moses faints at the sight of God's manifestation upon the mountain.


Premise: Who was the JK Bridge named for?

Hypothesis: The Juscelino Kubitschek bridge, also known as the 'President JK Bridge' or the 'JK Bridge', crosses Lake Paranoá in Brasília.


Premise: Who attempted to enact measures of football reform?

Hypothesis: There was a mood of alarm and mistrust, and, while the crisis was developing, the presidents of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton developed a project to reform the sport and forestall possible radical changes forced by government upon the sport.


Premise: What type of climate is southern Nigeria?

Hypothesis: The far south is defined by its tropical rainforest climate, where annual rainfall is 60 to 80 inches (1,500 to 2,000 mm) a year.


Premise: Which municipality is this in?

Hypothesis: While its rich mineral deposits - tin and gold - led to the development of Bronze Age metallurgy, and to the commerce of bronze and gold items all along the Atlantic façade of Western Europe, where a common elite's culture evolved during the Atlantic Bronze Age.


Premise: What is one invisible genetic trait?

Hypothesis: Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye colour or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life.


Premise: When was the Charlottetown Accord signed?

Hypothesis: In Canada, "the 51st state" is a phrase generally used in such a way as to imply that if a certain political course is taken, Canada's destiny will be as little more than a part of the United States.


Premise: Who describes the Noble Eightfold Path as "a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other."?

Hypothesis: Ajahn Sucitto describes the path as "a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other."


Premise: How did Immanuel Kant describe the Enlightenment?

Hypothesis: For Kant, Enlightenment was mankind's final coming of age, the emancipation of the human consciousness from an immature state of ignorance."


Premise: What was the second satellite for the BeiDou-1 system called?

Hypothesis: The last operational satellite of the constellation, BeiDou-1C, was launched on May 25, 2003.


Premise: What rediscovered inheritance was thought to invalidate Darwin's views on evolution?

Hypothesis: It was thought that the rediscovery of Mendelian inheritance invalidated Darwin's views.


Premise: How many housing units were in Raleigh?

Hypothesis: There were 120,699 housing units at an average density of 1,053.2 per square mile (406.7/km²).


Premise: On which side is a cirque opened?

Hypothesis: At the start of a classic valley glacier is a bowl-shaped cirque, which has escarped walls on three sides but is open on the side that descends into the valley.


Premise: Why have some specied progressively shortened their return migration?

Hypothesis: Those that have long-distance migrants in the same family, such as the common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita, are species of southern hemisphere origins that have progressively shortened their return migration to stay in the northern hemisphere.


Premise: In what year did Stalin order the development of ICBMs?

Hypothesis: Since the Americans had a much larger air force than the Soviet Union, and the United States maintained advance air bases near Soviet territory, in 1947 Stalin ordered the development of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) in order to counter the perceived American threat.


Premise: When was Okinawa finally returned?

Hypothesis: All these trusteeships were slowly returned to Japanese rule.


Premise: When was Cuper's Cove colony founded?

Hypothesis: St. John's is one of the oldest settlements in North America, with year-round settlement beginning sometime after 1630 and seasonal habitation long before that.


Premise: Her second movie Beyonce did was what film?

Hypothesis: Her second film Dreamgirls, the film version of the 1981 Broadway musical loosely based on The Supremes, received acclaim from critics and grossed $154 million internationally.


Premise: Who was the director of Music of the Heart?

Hypothesis: In 1999 Madonna signed to play a violin teacher in the film Music of the Heart but left the project, citing "creative differences" with director Wes Craven.


Premise: What is a Thysanura?

Hypothesis: The Thysanura themselves possibly are not monophyletic, with the family Lepidotrichidae being a sister group to the Dicondylia


Premise: Which age group accounted for 10.5% of the population in 2000?

Hypothesis: As of 2011[update] the median age was 35.6; more than a quarter of residents were under age 20 and 11% were over age 65.


Premise: What island was given to the British?

Hypothesis: The First Opium War revealed the outdated state of the Chinese military.


Premise: Who did Detroit argue with when trying to plane a regional transit system?

Hypothesis: Young also worked to improve Detroit's transportation system, but tension between Young and his suburban counterparts over regional matters was problematic throughout his mayoral term.


Premise: From what time period are the oldest artifacts in Kathmandu museums?

Hypothesis: The museums display unique artifacts and paintings from the 5th century CE to the present day, including archeological exportation.


Premise: What does the Canadian Armed Forces mostly consist of?

Hypothesis: The current iteration of the Canadian Armed Forces dates from 1 February 1968, when the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force were merged into a unified structure and superseded by elemental commands.


Premise: What collection did Queen Mary take an interest in by adding and restoring pieces?

Hypothesis: George V's wife Queen Mary was a connoisseur of the arts, and took a keen interest in the Royal Collection of furniture and art, both restoring and adding to it.


Premise: How many different combinations of unstressed pronouns are there?

Hypothesis: The morphology of Catalan personal pronouns is complex, specially in unstressed forms, which are numerous (13 distinct forms, compared to 11 in Spanish or 9 in Italian).


Premise: What are small regular lines left on paper when handmade in a mould?

Hypothesis: Laidlines are very close together.


Premise: What kind of influence did the British Crown have over the rest of India that was not under Company rule?

Hypothesis: In the aftermath, all power was transferred from the East India Company to the British Crown, which began to administer most of India as a number of provinces.


Premise: Saadia Gaon identified Ashkenaz with the Saquliba or what territories?

Hypothesis: In the Yoma tractate of the Babylonian Talmud the name Gomer is rendered as Germania, which elsewhere in rabbinical literature was identified with Germanikia in northwestern Syria, but later became associated with Germania.


Premise: In 2006, did most people prefer the Xbox 360 or PS3 versions of cross-platform games?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, PS3 had to compete directly with Xbox 360 which had a market head start, and as a result the platform no longer had exclusive titles that the PS2 enjoyed such as the Grand Theft Auto and Final Fantasy series (regarding cross-platform games, Xbox 360 versions were generally considered superior in 2006, although by 2008 the PS3 versions had reached parity or surpassed), and it took longer than expected for PS3 to enjoy strong sales and close the gap with Xbox 360.


Premise: What group was established in response to Executive Order 9808?

Hypothesis: " The recommendations were radical, calling for federal policies and laws to end racial discrimination and bring about equality: "We can tolerate no restrictions upon the individual which depend upon irrelevant factors such as his race, his color, his religion, or the social position to which he is born.


Premise: What association founded the Avery Normal Institute?

Hypothesis: In 1865, the Avery Normal Institute was established by the American Missionary Association as the first free secondary school for Charleston's African American population.


Premise: Who is the most well-known modern Somali writer?

Hypothesis: Additionally, Mohamed Ibrahim Warsame 'Hadrawi' is considered by many to be the greatest living Somali poet, and several of his works have been translated internationally.


Premise: What property of thorium oxide has caused it to no longer be used in eyeglasses?

Hypothesis: Most common glass contains other ingredients to change its properties.


Premise: Where was the system similar to London Underground used as well?

Hypothesis: The London Underground in England is one of the few networks that uses a four-rail system.


Premise: Beyonce with Jay Z gave lots of money to bail who out of prison?

Hypothesis: After the imprisonment of protesters of Gray's death, Beyoncé and Jay-Z donated thousands of dollars to bail them out.


Premise: Which colony was the official British colony for freed slaves?

Hypothesis: In 1808, Sierra Leone was designated an official British colony for freed slaves.


Premise: During what era did newsstand distribution begin to tail off markedly for Marvel?

Hypothesis: Cult hits such as Howard the Duck fell victim to the distribution problems, with some titles reporting low sales when in fact the first specialty comic book stores resold them at a later date.[citation needed]


Premise: What is the only other state with two courts of last resort?

Hypothesis: Oklahoma has two courts of last resort: the state Supreme Court hears civil cases, and the state Court of Criminal Appeals hears criminal cases (this split system exists only in Oklahoma and neighboring Texas).


Premise: What products sometimes retain their native names in both English and Spanish?

Hypothesis: Numerous such agricultural products retain their native names in the English and Spanish lexicons.


Premise: What was the population of the island in 1814?

Hypothesis: The importation of slaves was made illegal in 1792.


Premise: With a day of its release, on what website did the PS3 Slim become the number-one bestseller?

Hypothesis: This is in stark contrast to the original PS3's launch in which it was given position number-eight on their "The Top 21 Tech Screwups of 2006" list.


Premise: Who are descendents of various culturally distinct groups?

Hypothesis: The American people are mostly multi-ethnic descendants of various culturally distinct immigrant groups, many of which have now developed nations.


Premise: Which interpretation of the rule of law is less commonly used?

Hypothesis: The "formal" interpretation is more widespread than the "substantive" interpretation.


Premise: As what are Classical and Vedic Sanskrit often viewed?

Hypothesis: Sanskrit, as defined by Pāṇini, evolved out of the earlier Vedic form.


Premise: At the beginning of what age are the dates of the Kuru kingdom?

Hypothesis: The Kuru kingdom was the first state-level society of the Vedic period, corresponding to the beginning of the Iron Age in northwestern India, around 1200 – 800 BCE, as well as with the composition of the Atharvaveda (the first Indian text to mention iron, as śyāma ayas, literally "black metal").


Premise: What types of art does the Bronx Museum of the Arts focus on?

Hypothesis: The Bronx Museum of the Arts, founded in 1971, exhibits 20th century and contemporary art through its central museum space and 11,000 square feet (1,000 m2) of galleries.


Premise: If a memory is triggered by a time, which kind of memory is this?

Hypothesis: Time-based prospective memories are triggered by a time-cue, such as going to the doctor (action) at 4pm (cue).


Premise: What type of design is the bridge?

Hypothesis: The bridge was a source of pride and an important symbol of modern China, having been built and designed by the Chinese themselves following failed surveys by other nations and the reliance on and then rejection of Soviet expertise.


Premise: What is the name of the company that managed the colony from 1615-1684?

Hypothesis: The island was administered as an extension of Virginia by the Company until 1614.


Premise: How much did Bell et al. try to sell his patent for?

Hypothesis: Bell and his partners, Hubbard and Sanders, offered to sell the patent outright to Western Union for $100,000.


Premise: What were the first parties in the united States called?

Hypothesis: The first parties were called Federalist and Republican, followed by a brief period of Republican dominance before a split occurred between National Republicans and Democratic Republicans.


Premise: Incomplete metamorphosis insects are called?

Hypothesis: Hemimetabolous insects, those with incomplete metamorphosis, change gradually by undergoing a series of molts.


Premise: Who commands the reserves?

Hypothesis: This group is represented, though not commanded, at NDHQ by the Chief of Reserves and Cadets, who is usually a major general or rear admiral, and is divided into four components that are each operationally and administratively responsible to its corresponding environmental command in the Regular Force – the Naval Reserve (NAVRES), Land Force Reserve (LFR), and Air Reserve (AIRRES) – in addition to one force that does not fall under an environmental command, the Health Services Reserve under the Canadian Forces Health Services Group.


Premise: What major airline resides at the airport?

Hypothesis: Guam is served by the Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport, which is a hub for United Airlines.


Premise: Do early or late maturing girls have more unwanted pregnancies?

Hypothesis: In addition, girls may have to deal with sexual advances from older boys before they are emotionally and mentally mature.


Premise: How many people were killed in the Hanshin earthquake?

Hypothesis: His data also showed that the earthquake lasted about two minutes and released 30 times the energy of the Great Hanshin earthquake of 1995 in Japan, which killed over 6,000 people.


Premise: What year did Gabriel estimate 30% of of all species will be extinct by?

Hypothesis: In 2007, German Federal Environment Minister Sigmar Gabriel cited estimates that up to 30% of all species will be extinct by 2050.


Premise: Which three actors reprised supporting roles for Spectre?

Hypothesis: Rory Kinnear also reprised his role as Bill Tanner in his third appearance in the series.


Premise: What is the Champalimaud Foundation?

Hypothesis: Among the largest non-state-run research institutions in Portugal are the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência and the Champalimaud Foundation, a neuroscience and oncology research centre, which in addition awards every year one of the highest monetary prizes of any science prize in the world.


Premise: How many people live below the poverty line in Bangladesh?

Hypothesis: This has stark implications and has led to a dramatic rise in the number of households living below the poverty line, be it 300,000 in Bangladesh or 230,000 in Ghana.


Premise: Which property was vitamin B found to have?

Hypothesis: In 1913, Elmer McCollum discovered the first vitamins, fat-soluble vitamin A, and water-soluble vitamin B (in 1915; now known to be a complex of several water-soluble vitamins) and named vitamin C as the then-unknown substance preventing scurvy.


Premise: What is the main phytochrome found in seedling grown in light?

Hypothesis: One phytochrome, phyA, is the main phytochrome in seedlings grown in the dark but rapidly degrades in light to produce Cry1.


Premise: In 2009, what percentage of the population was Hispanic?

Hypothesis: The ethnic makeup of the city was 28.8% Hispanic or Latino (of any race); 24.9% of the total population were Mexican American, and 0.6% were Puerto Rican.


Premise: What was referred to as the "Mass Movement"?

Hypothesis: On 16 May 1974, the new Constitution was passed, and the aging Tito was named president for life, a status which he would enjoy for five years.


Premise: Who gets to be crowned Road March King or Queen?

Hypothesis: The mas bands eventually converge on the Queen's Park Savannah to pass on "The Stage" for judging.


Premise: What kind of invertebrates have been found on the island?

Hypothesis: To date, very little is known about these, although more than 200 lichen-forming fungi have been recorded, including 9 endemics, suggesting that many significant discoveries remain to be made.


Premise: How many people signed a petition to boycott Sony Music in 2016?

Hypothesis: In February 2016, over a hundred thousand people signed a petition in just twenty-four hours, calling for a boycott of Sony Music and all other Sony-affiliated businesses after rape allegations against music producer Dr. Luke were made by musical artist Kesha.


Premise: What military advantage brought the success for the British in defending Quebec?

Hypothesis: The French forces retreated to Montreal, where on 8 September they surrendered to overwhelming British numerical superiority.


Premise: Who made an effort to organize a strong defense against the French?

Hypothesis: President Juárez, in an effort to organize a strong defense against the French, decreed a list of national guard units that every state had to contribute to the Ministry of War and the Navy; Chihuahua was responsible for inducting 2,000 men.


Premise: Where are the Atlas Mountains located?

Hypothesis: Also, to be protected against rain-bearing weather systems by the atmospheric circulation itself, the desert is made even drier by his geographical configuration and location.


Premise: What title did Albert give Edward?

Hypothesis: His Royal Highness The Duke of Windsor", but the Letters Patent creating the dukedom prevented any wife or children from bearing royal styles.


Premise: Who founded the Free Software Foundation?

Hypothesis: Free Software Foundation founder Richard Stallman argues that, although the term intellectual property is in wide use, it should be rejected altogether, because it "systematically distorts and confuses these issues, and its use was and is promoted by those who gain from this confusion".


Premise: When was the term middle east common as a noun and adjective?

Hypothesis: The innovation of the term "Near East" to mean the holdings of the Ottoman Empire as early as the Crimean War had left a geographical gap.


Premise: What was the most recent glaciation that has shaped the British Isles?

Hypothesis: Whether or not there was a land bridge between Great Britain and Ireland at this time is somewhat disputed, though there was certainly a single ice sheet covering the entire sea.


Premise: When did the Apollo 11 mission launch?

Hypothesis: On July 16, 1969, at exactly 9:32 am EDT, the Saturn V rocket, AS-506, lifted off from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 in Florida.


Premise: Did Swansea qualify for the Europa Leaque in 2012-13?

Hypothesis: In 2011, a Welsh club participated in the Premier League for the first time after Swansea City gained promotion.


Premise: Writer Geoff Boucher compared DC to what dull 1960s crooner?

Hypothesis: In 1965, Spider-Man and the Hulk were both featured in Esquire magazine's list of 28 college campus heroes, alongside John F. Kennedy and Bob Dylan.


Premise: Who would oversee all functions of the new district?

Hypothesis: The CRDA would oversee all functions of the district and will make changes to attract new businesses and attractions.


Premise: What academic discipline at the university is based in the Roland Levinsky building?

Hypothesis: The Roland Levinsky building, the landmark building of the University of Plymouth, is located in the city's central quarter.


Premise: In what year was the seismometer first invented?

Hypothesis: Zhang also invented a seismometer (Houfeng didong yi 候风地动仪) in 132 AD to detect the exact cardinal or ordinal direction of earthquakes from hundreds of kilometers away.


Premise: How many primary signalling molecules are known to organize different behavioral patterns?

Hypothesis: So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, and pathogenicity.


Premise: What idea did Binford take issue with?

Hypothesis: Archaeologist Louis Binford criticised the idea that early hominids and early humans were hunters.


Premise: Has the demand increased or decreased for handcrafts?

Hypothesis: But now the demand for handicrafts has increased within and outside the country.


Premise: What type of mathematics aided in developing European science?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, the introduction of printing was to have great effect on European society.


Premise: Between what time period did the reannexation of Germany occur?

Hypothesis: During a reannexation by Germany (1940–1945), High German was reinstated as the language of education.


Premise: What is a common nickname for Mexico City?

Hypothesis: The concept of nobility in Mexico was not political but rather a very conservative Spanish social one, based on proving the worthiness of the family.


Premise: How did the early Muslims view the possibility of conquering India?

Hypothesis: The book Chach Nama chronicles the Chacha Dynasty's period, following the demise of the Rai Dynasty and the ascent of Chach of Alor to the throne, down to the Arab conquest by Muhammad bin Qasim in the early 8th century AD, by defeating the last Hindu monarch of Sindh, Raja Dahir.


Premise: What is another term for the Amazigh?

Hypothesis: Gaining the support of Amazigh (Berber) communities of the Nafusa Mountains, who had long been persecuted as non-Arabic speakers under Gaddafi, the NTC armies surrounded Gaddafi loyalists in several key areas of western Libya.


Premise: Who issued the Pragmatic Sanction?

Hypothesis: In 1549 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V issued the Pragmatic Sanction, which further unified the Seventeen Provinces under his rule.


Premise: Anti-aircraft defenses became better after what?

Hypothesis: In general, German bombers were likely to get through to their targets without too much difficulty.


Premise: Along with behavioral inhibition, research on what trait resulted in support for the Action Tendency Model?

Hypothesis: Support for the Action Tendency Model (passivity related to right prefrontal activity) comes from research on shyness and research on behavioral inhibition.


Premise: How much energy does the incandescent light ban in Europe save each year?

Hypothesis: In the Europe the EC has calculated that the ban contributes 5 to 10 billion euros to the economy and saves 40 TWh of electricity every year, translating in CO2 emission reductions of 15 million tonnes.


Premise: Morelos, Oaxaca, Tlaxcala and Chiapas are important states which also have their own what?

Hypothesis: Other important states with local traditions include Morelos, Oaxaca, Tlaxcala and Chiapas.


Premise: Along with quantum physics generally, what scientific doctrine caused some physicists to embrace idealism?

Hypothesis: In The Grammar of Science, Preface to the 2nd Edition, 1900, Karl Pearson wrote, "There are many signs that a sound idealism is surely replacing, as a basis for natural philosophy, the crude materialism of the older physicists."


Premise: How is most of Thuringia's clean gas consumption carried out?

Hypothesis: The most important forms of renewable energies are Wind power and Biomass, followed by Solar energy and Hydroelectricity.


Premise: When did the Sassanid Empire succeed the Parthian Empire in control of Iran?

Hypothesis: Following the premature death of Alexander, Iran came under the control of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire.


Premise: What social systems can greatly influence someone realization of their sexual preference?

Hypothesis: Individuals may or may not consider their sexual orientation to define their sexual identity, as they may experience various degrees of fluidity of sexuality, or may simply identify more strongly with another aspect of their identity such as family role.


Premise: When did New York City annex West Farms?

Hypothesis: In 1873, the state legislature annexed Kingsbridge, West Farms and Morrisania to New York, effective in 1874; the three towns were abolished in the process.


Premise: What weather did Voyager 2 observe on Neptune?

Hypothesis: Because of its great distance from the Sun, Neptune's outer atmosphere is one of the coldest places in the Solar System, with temperatures at its cloud tops approaching 55 K (−218 °C).


Premise: Where on the Olympic Peninsula does the rainfall average 142 inches a year?

Hypothesis: Around 80 mi (129 km) to the west, the Hoh Rain Forest in Olympic National Park on the western flank of the Olympic Mountains receives an annual average precipitation of 142 in (3.61 m).


Premise: In Eastern Europe, what is the word for an institute of technology?

Hypothesis: Such terms include Écoles Polytechniques (Algeria, Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland, Tunisia), Escola Politécnica (Brasil, Spain), Polytechnicum (Eastern Europe).


Premise: What is the radiation patter influenced by?

Hypothesis: Also, in the particular case of a monopole antenna, the ground (or an artificial ground plane) serves as the return connection for the antenna current thus having an additional effect, particularly on the impedance seen by the feed line.


Premise: What type of herbicide selectively kills broad leef weeds?

Hypothesis: The phenoxy and benzoic acid herbicides function similar to plant growth hormones, and grow cells without normal cell division, crushing the plant's nutrient transport system.:300


Premise: Through what language did bitumen pass to reach English?

Hypothesis: The Latin equivalent is claimed by some to be originally gwitu-men (pertaining to pitch), and by others, pixtumens (exuding or bubbling pitch), which was subsequently shortened to bitumen, thence passing via French into English.


Premise: What is the name of the 37 gear computer which noted the motions of the Sun and Moon?

Hypothesis: The level of Hellenistic achievement in astronomy and engineering is impressively shown by the Antikythera mechanism (150–100 BC).


Premise: What boroughs are known for high crime

Hypothesis: Boroughs such as Kanaleneiland, Overvecht and Hoograven consist primarily of high-rise housing developments, and are known for relatively high poverty and crime rate.


Premise: Of the 121 chosen, how many became semi-finalists?

Hypothesis: These were cut to 30 for the semifinal, with ten going on to the finals.


Premise: Who noted that Madonna was reversing the gender role?

Hypothesis: Academics noted that with her videos, Madonna was subtly reversing the usual role of male as the dominant sex.


Premise: What was the date that the first human reached space?

Hypothesis: The competition began on August 2, 1955, when the Soviet Union responded to the US announcement four days earlier of intent to launch artificial satellites for the International Geophysical Year, by declaring they would also launch a satellite "in the near future".


Premise: Who notably appeared in Killing Kennedy?

Hypothesis: Several organizations, including the Virginia Film Office and the Virginia Production Alliance, along with events like the Richmond International Film Festival and French Film Festival, continue to put draw supporters of film and media to the region.


Premise: How many islands are in the Tuvalu group?

Hypothesis: The origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding migration into the Pacific that began about 3000 years ago.


Premise: What was the first skill Gautama learnt?

Hypothesis: Gautama first went to study with famous religious teachers of the day, and mastered the meditative attainments they taught.


Premise: What is a typical predator of dogs in places such as Turkmenistan?

Hypothesis: Striped hyenas are major predators of village dogs in Turkmenistan, India, and the Caucasus.


Premise: What are the most common foods in Estonia?

Hypothesis: Historically, the cuisine of Estonia has been heavily dependent on seasons and simple peasant food, which today is influenced by many countries.


Premise: The Mycenaean civilization deteriorated in what time period?

Hypothesis: The Mycenaeans gradually absorbed the Minoans, but collapsed violently around 1200 BC, during a time of regional upheaval known as the Bronze Age collapse.


Premise: What percentage of all electricity usage in the U.S. and Canada is from residential lighting?

Hypothesis: DST's potential to save energy comes primarily from its effects on residential lighting, which consumes about 3.5% of electricity in the United States and Canada.


Premise: What is the German word for living space?

Hypothesis: During World War II, Hitler's Generalplan Ost (general plan for the East) entailed killing, deporting, or enslaving the Slavic and Jewish population of occupied Eastern Europe to create Lebensraum (living space) for German settlers.


Premise: Who is the only federal employee that can spend un-vouched for money?

Hypothesis: The government has disclosed a total figure for all non-military intelligence spending since 2007; the fiscal 2013 figure is $52.6 billion.


Premise: Who maintains law and order?

Hypothesis: The district magistrate or the deputy commissioner is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Himachal Administrative Service and other Himachal state services.


Premise: How was "This is My Now" decided as the first single for the American Idol winner in 2007?

Hypothesis: This season also saw the launch of the American Idol Songwriter contest which allows fans to vote for the "coronation song".


Premise: What could cause early light-output degradation in LEDs?

Hypothesis: This causes stress on the material and may cause early light-output degradation.


Premise: What unpopular philosopher's text did Avicenna learn from?

Hypothesis: Avicenna was taught some extent of philosophy books such as Introduction (Isagoge)'s Porphyry (philosopher), Euclid's Elements, Ptolemy's Almagest by an unpopular philosopher,


Premise: What non winning major party nominees studied at Yale?

Hypothesis: Yale-educated Presidents since the end of the Vietnam War include Gerald Ford, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush, and major-party nominees during this period include John Kerry (2004), Joseph Lieberman (Vice President, 2000), and Sargent Shriver (Vice President, 1972).


Premise: What 2010 body found how difficult it is to accurately report the financial impact of infringement?

Hypothesis: The GAO report explained that the sources – a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) estimate, a Customs and Border Protection (CBP) press release and a Motor and Equipment Manufacturers Association estimate – "cannot be substantiated or traced back to an underlying data source or methodology."


Premise: What power is granted to federal agencies by Congress?

Hypothesis: Congress often enacts statutes that grant broad rulemaking authority to federal agencies.


Premise: Which church often preached in Flemish prior to World War I?

Hypothesis: In the countryside, until World War I, many elementary schools continued to teach in Dutch, and the Catholic Church continued to preach and teach the catechism in Flemish in many parishes.


Premise: What numbered meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets occurred on January 25, 1918?

Hypothesis: On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I.


Premise: How many photographs are in BYU's Museum of Peoples and Cultures?

Hypothesis: The Museum of Peoples and Cultures is a museum of archaeology and ethnology.


Premise: What is the average length of dog pregnancy?

Hypothesis: Dogs bear their litters roughly 58 to 68 days after fertilization, with an average of 63 days, although the length of gestation can vary.


Premise: Because of the increased trade what places became the hubs of German culture?

Hypothesis: Along the trade routes, Hanseatic trade stations became centers of the German culture.


Premise: Is there a cure for asthma?

Hypothesis: There is no cure for asthma.


Premise: What is the name of the event that caused major flooding in the western US?

Hypothesis: There was the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, the Great Flood of 1993, and widespread flooding and mudslides caused by the 1982-1983 El Niño event in the western United States.


Premise: What was the main reason they disagreed with the beliefs?

Hypothesis: Hulme)[citation needed] or "an old bitch gone in the teeth" (Pound) and wanted to go back to a more manly, authoritarian society such as (they believed) existed in the Middle Ages.


Premise: Who was the character Dill modeled after?

Hypothesis: Lee modeled the character of Dill on her childhood friend, Truman Capote, known then as Truman Persons.


Premise: How should the characters with the macron and acute be displayed?

Hypothesis: For example, ḗ (precomposed e with macron and acute above) and ḗ (e followed by the combining macron above and combining acute above) should be rendered identically, both appearing as an e with a macron and acute accent, but in practice, their appearance may vary depending upon what rendering engine and fonts are being used to display the characters.


Premise: What happened to Harsha's empire after his death?

Hypothesis: Emperor Harsha of Kannauj succeeded in reuniting northern India during his reign in the 7th century, after the collapse of the Gupta dynasty.


Premise: When did Bern regain control of Bernese Oberland?

Hypothesis: It regained control of the Bernese Oberland in 1802, and following the Congress of Vienna of 1814, it newly acquired the Bernese Jura.


Premise: Who wrote 'A Vindication of the Rights of Men'?

Hypothesis: Thomas Paine penned the Rights of Man in 1791 as a response to Burke; Mary Wollstonecraft published A Vindication of the Rights of Men and James Mackintosh wrote Vindiciae Gallicae.


Premise: What non-linguistic developments influence the status of a language?

Hypothesis: The status of "language" is not solely determined by linguistic criteria, but it is also the result of a historical and political development.


Premise: Was firmware update 3.21 optional or mandatory if users wanted to continue accessing the PS Network?

Hypothesis: The firmware update 3.21 was mandatory for access to the PlayStation Network.


Premise: What country did Kerry visit as a student?

Hypothesis: Amongst his influential teachers in this period was Professor H. Bradford Westerfield, who was himself a former President of the Political Union.


Premise: How many number one albums has Queen released?

Hypothesis: Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001, the band is the only group in which every member has composed more than one chart-topping single, and all four members were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2003.


Premise: Is Myanmar convenient to other countries in South East Asia ?

Hypothesis: According to the website Lonely Planet, getting into Myanmar is problematic: "No bus or train service connects Myanmar with another country, nor can you travel by car or motorcycle across the border – you must walk across.", and states that, "It is not possible for foreigners to go to/from Myanmar by sea or river.


Premise: What did samurai wives' duties include when their husbands were away?

Hypothesis: The wife, or okugatasama (meaning: one who remains in the home), was left to manage all household affairs, care for the children, and perhaps even defend the home forcibly.


Premise: Full-bandwidth devices other than hubs can what?

Hypothesis: Full-bandwidth devices other than hubs can simply ignore the PRE packet and its low-bandwidth contents, until the final SE0 indicates that a new packet follows.


Premise: In what country is it estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times what an average ecotourist does?

Hypothesis: Safari hunters are also more likely to use remote areas, uninviting to the typical ecotourist.


Premise: Who found out that a shock of electricity to an exposed nerve of a dead frog caused contractions?

Hypothesis: Without such a stain, brain tissue under a microscope appears as an impenetrable tangle of protoplasmic fibers, in which it is impossible to determine any structure.


Premise: How man boroughs was the borough of Mexico City split into in 1970?

Hypothesis: In 1970 Mexico City was split into four different delegaciones: Cuauhtémoc, Miguel Hidalgo, Venustiano Carranza and Benito Juárez, increasing the number of delegaciones to sixteen.


Premise: Where does the word her derive from in german?

Hypothesis: The term szlachta is derived from the Old High German word slahta (modern German Geschlecht), which means "(noble) family", much as many other Polish words pertaining to the nobility derive from German words—e.g.


Premise: How many series have aired since 2011?

Hypothesis: In Japan, Digital Monster X-Evolution, the eighth TV movie, was released on January 3, 2005, and on December 23, 2005 at Jump Festa 2006, the fifth series, Digimon Savers was announced for Japan to begin airing after a three-year hiatus of the show.


Premise: What year was Locomotive #1673 made in?

Hypothesis: The primary project was Rio Nuevo, a large retail and community center that has been stalled in planning for more than ten years.


Premise: How were the different factions distinguished from eachother?

Hypothesis: The nation almost immediately fell into civil war that involved various factions fighting one another; these factions were often distinguished by clan loyalties.


Premise: Which candidate withdrew from the presidential race in January of 2008?

Hypothesis: Schwarzenegger's endorsement in the Republican primary of the 2008 U.S. presidential election was highly sought; despite being good friends with candidates Rudy Giuliani and Senator John McCain, Schwarzenegger remained neutral throughout 2007 and early 2008.


Premise: What does research show about sexual orientation?

Hypothesis: Individuals may or may not consider their sexual orientation to define their sexual identity, as they may experience various degrees of fluidity of sexuality, or may simply identify more strongly with another aspect of their identity such as family role.


Premise: Swaps allow Greece to do what?

Hypothesis: As Eurostat at the time ignored statistics involving financial derivatives, a German derivatives dealer had commented to Der Spiegel that "The Maastricht rules can be circumvented quite legally through swaps," and "In previous years, Italy used a similar trick to mask its true debt with the help of a different US bank.


Premise: How does youtube now operate as a business?

Hypothesis: The site allows users to upload, view, rate, share, and comment on videos, and it makes use of WebM, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, and Adobe Flash Video technology to display a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media video.


Premise: What was Seattle's gross product in 2010?

Hypothesis: Though it was affected by the Great Recession, Seattle has retained a comparatively strong economy, and remains a hotbed for start-up businesses, especially in green building and clean technologies: it was ranked as America's No. 1 "smarter city" based on its government policies and green economy.


Premise: Where was the centre of Argentoratum situated?

Hypothesis: This was where the largest burial places were situated, as well as the densest concentration of civilian dwelling places and commerces next to the camp.


Premise: What culture did the peoples who would be called Sumerian have a part in?

Hypothesis: However, some scholars contest the idea of a Proto-Euphratean language or one substrate language.


Premise: What language is Sassarese closely related to?

Hypothesis: However, Gallurese, Sassarese, and Corsican are also spoken in Sardinia, and these languages are considered closely related or derived from the Italian Tuscan language and thus are Italo-Dalmatian languages.


Premise: What date did the Xbox Live Arcade launch on?

Hypothesis: The service was first launched on November 3, 2004, using a DVD to load, and offered games for about US$5 to $15.


Premise: Does it matter at which speed a disc is spun?

Hypothesis: The sound is encoded by fine variations in the edges of the groove that cause a stylus (needle) placed in it to vibrate at acoustic frequencies when the disc is rotated at the correct speed.


Premise: What was the founding name of the Braunschweig University of Technology?

Hypothesis: The oldest German Institute of Technology is the Braunschweig University of Technology (founded in 1745 as "Collegium Carolinum").


Premise: What are some of the wars the Canadian Military was involved in?

Hypothesis: Canada maintained an aircraft carrier from 1957 to 1970 during the Cold War, which never saw combat but participated in patrols during the Cuban Missile Crisis.


Premise: What was the original format for purchased audio files on iTunes?

Hypothesis: At the time the store was introduced, purchased audio files used the AAC format with added encryption, based on the FairPlay DRM system.


Premise: Israel is a leading country of what development?

Hypothesis: According to the OECD, Israel is also ranked 1st in the world in expenditure on Research and Development (R&D) as a percentage of GDP.


Premise: In what item has Tuvalu traditional design been produced?

Hypothesis: The artistic traditions of Tuvalu have traditionally been expressed in the design of clothing and traditional handicrafts such as the decoration of mats and fans.


Premise: What were the two main principles informing the government of the UK?

Hypothesis: Under the UK Westminster system, based on parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government, Parliament (consisting of the Sovereign (King-in-Parliament), House of Lords and House of Commons) was the supreme lawmaking authority.


Premise: How do dogs mark their territory?

Hypothesis: While dog training as an organized activity can be traced back to the 18th century, in the last decades of the 20th century it became a high profile issue as many normal dog behaviors such as barking, jumping up, digging, rolling in dung, fighting, and urine marking (which dogs do to establish territory through scent), became increasingly incompatible with the new role of a pet dog.


Premise: What are the threats that the MoD has identified?

Hypothesis: The MoD states that its principal objectives are to defend the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and its interests and to strengthen international peace and stability.


Premise: What type of possession has been documented in Rajasthan?

Hypothesis: Spirit possession has been documented in modern Rajasthan.


Premise: Where is St Greggorys abbey

Hypothesis: The Benedictine monastery Saint Gregory's Abbey, commonly known as Downside Abbey, is at Stratton-on-the-Fosse, and the ruins of the former Cistercian Cleeve Abbey are near the village of Washford.


Premise: What geologic feature protects Seattle from the Arctic cold winds?

Hypothesis: Temperature extremes are moderated by the adjacent Puget Sound, greater Pacific Ocean, and Lake Washington.


Premise: What political party does Aung San Suu Kyi belong to ?

Hypothesis: As of July 2013, about 100 political prisoners remain imprisoned, while conflict between the Burmese Army and local insurgent groups continues.


Premise: Who undermined  The League Of Nations?

Hypothesis: The League was undermined by the bellicosity of Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, the Soviet Union, and Mussolini's Italy, and by the non-participation of the United States, leading many to question its effectiveness and legitimacy.


Premise: What rock music group led by Gavin Rossdale got its start in London's music scene?

Hypothesis: Black music station BBC Radio 1Xtra was set up to support the rise of home-grown urban music both in London and in the rest of the UK.


Premise: The president of the United States might prefer the formal treaty process on matters that require Congress to do what?

Hypothesis: For example, the deal by the United States, Iran and other countries is not a Treaty.


Premise: What company published the Spectre soundtrack?

Hypothesis: The theatrical trailer released in July 2015 contained a rendition of John Barry's On Her Majesty's Secret Service theme.


Premise: Where did Egypt rank in Corruption perceptions Index in 2013?

Hypothesis: Although one of the main obstacles still facing the Egyptian economy is the limited trickle down of wealth to the average population, many Egyptians criticise their government for higher prices of basic goods while their standards of living or purchasing power remains relatively stagnant.


Premise: What is sometimes used to check the accuracy of a translation?

Hypothesis: But the results of such reverse-translation operations, while useful as approximate checks, are not always precisely reliable.


Premise: Where did bestselling author George R. R. Martin earn his B.S. and M.S.?

Hypothesis: The bestselling author of the A Song of Ice and Fire series, George R. R. Martin, earned a B.S. and M.S. from Medill.


Premise: What rule did George III and George IV believe a Catholic emancipation bill would violate?

Hypothesis: Later Hanoverian monarchs attempted to restore royal control over legislation: George III and George IV both openly opposed Catholic Emancipation and asserted that to grant assent to a Catholic emancipation bill would violate the Coronation Oath, which required the sovereign to preserve and protect the established Church of England from Papal domination and would grant rights to individuals who were in league with a foreign power which did not recognise their legitimacy.


Premise: How is the the decree of the Council of Trent is worded?

Hypothesis: The Fourth Council of the Lateran, held under Pope Innocent III, decreed (canon xv): "We interdict hunting or hawking to all clerics."


Premise: The new plan called for which army to remain in a defensive grouping at the German border?

Hypothesis: This plan was discarded in favour of a defensive plan by Generals Charles Frossard and Bartélemy Lebrun, which called for the Army of the Rhine to remain in a defensive posture near the German border and repel any Prussian offensive.


Premise: What are other terms for logical empiricism?

Hypothesis: Logical empiricism (also logical positivism or neopositivism) was an early 20th-century attempt to synthesize the essential ideas of British empiricism (e.g. a strong emphasis on sensory experience as the basis for knowledge) with certain insights from mathematical logic that had been developed by Gottlob Frege and Ludwig Wittgenstein.


Premise: What is Dawn French's job?

Hypothesis: Other past residents include composer journalist and newspaper editor William Henry Wills, Ron Goodwin, and journalist Angela Rippon and comedian Dawn French.


Premise: Comcast also told the Browns they would do what to correct the situation with the name change?

Hypothesis: Shortly thereafter, Elliott contacted Comcast and Comcast offered the Browns an apology, a $60 refund, and a promise to track down and fire the responsible employee.


Premise: Through what company is the TCM Vault Collection released?

Hypothesis: The sets often include bonus discs including documentaries and shorts from the TCM library.


Premise: Deities represent what importance?

Hypothesis: The cultural and psychological importance of hunting in ancient societies is represented by deities such as the horned god Cernunnos and lunar goddesses of classical antiquity, the Greek Artemis or Roman Diana.


Premise: Who where the ruling class after the revolutionary republic was created?

Hypothesis: When the monarchy was restored in England, the king found it politically impossible to restore all the lands of former land-owners in Ireland.


Premise: have the Burmese people ever shown any reservations about the ruling government bodies?

Hypothesis: Some of the discontent was caused by a disrespect for Burmese culture and traditions such as the British refusal to remove shoes when they entered pagodas.


Premise: When did the FBI increase it's counter-terrorism role?

Hypothesis: It has settled a dispute with Richard Jewell, who was a private security guard at the venue, along with some media organizations, in regard to the leaking of his name during the investigation.


Premise: Three forms of corruption that can promote criminal activities include drugs, money laundering, and what?

Hypothesis: Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is also considered political corruption.


Premise: What was the demographic result of the second election?

Hypothesis: The result of the second elections was the formation of a coalition government composed of New Democracy (29%), PASOK (12%) and Democratic Left (6%) parties.


Premise: Do chickens fly like other birds?

Hypothesis: They seldom fly except as a result of perceived danger, preferring to run into the undergrowth if approached.


Premise: What phenomenon sees classical musicians achieving success in popular music?

Hypothesis: Numerous examples show influence in the opposite direction, including popular songs based on classical music, the use to which Pachelbel's Canon has been put since the 1970s, and the musical crossover phenomenon, where classical musicians have achieved success in the popular music arena.


Premise: What was the fine given to the three companies?

Hypothesis: In 2015, a US court ruled that three companies (i.e. the litigants who had not previously settled out of court) that had licensed Mr. Nakamura's patents for production in the United States had infringed Dr. Moustakas's prior patent, and order them to pay licensing fees of not less than 13 million USD.


Premise: How many bird species are obligate parasites?

Hypothesis: One hundred bird species, including honeyguides, icterids, and ducks, are obligate parasites, though the most famous are the cuckoos.


Premise: What beginnings rose from the dead ashes of post-punk?

Hypothesis: Bands such as Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure played in a darker, more morose style of post-punk that lead to the development of the gothic rock genre.


Premise: Where does Iran border the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman?

Hypothesis: Iran has an area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi).


Premise: Who guided Ur during the last gasp of power?

Hypothesis: Later, the 3rd dynasty of Ur under Ur-Nammu and Shulgi, whose power extended as far as southern Assyria, was the last great "Sumerian renaissance", but already the region was becoming more Semitic than Sumerian, with the rise in power of the Akkadian speaking Semites in Assyria and elsewhere, and the influx of waves of Semitic Martu (Amorites) who were to found several competing local powers including Isin, Larsa, Eshnunna and eventually Babylon.


Premise: What are the main coastal towns

Hypothesis: In the mid and north of the county the coastline is low as the level wetlands of the levels meet the sea.


Premise: In what month and year did the Marshall Islands declare the largest shark sanctuary in the world?

Hypothesis: However, some have questioned the ability of the Marshall Islands to enforce this zone.


Premise: How many rail stations has cork had over the years?

Hypothesis: Cork was one of the most rail-oriented cities in Ireland, featuring eight stations at various times.


Premise: What is it the function of the flower to ensure fertilization of?

Hypothesis: The function of the flower is to ensure fertilization of the ovule and development of fruit containing seeds.


Premise: How does meteoric iron come to earth?

Hypothesis: Meteoric iron could be forged from a red heat to make objects such as tools, weapons, and nails.


Premise: Following Arthur Eddington's lectures, what did Whitehead  publish?

Hypothesis: One famous story illustrating the level of difficulty of Whitehead's philosophy centers around the delivery of Whitehead's Gifford lectures in 1927–28 – following Arthur Eddington's lectures of the year previous – which Whitehead would later publish as Process and Reality:


Premise: Who did the German sponsorship of Lenin's Petrograd upset?

Hypothesis: Vladimir Lenin's decision has been attributed to his sponsorship by the foreign office of Wilhelm II, German Emperor, offered by the latter in hopes that with a revolution, Russia would withdraw from World War I.


Premise: Who declared the annexation of the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem?

Hypothesis: The International Court of Justice, principal judicial organ of the United Nations, asserted, in its 2004 advisory opinion on the legality of the construction of the Israeli West Bank barrier, that the lands captured by Israel in the Six-Day War, including East Jerusalem, are occupied territory.


Premise: Predator and prey relationships that improve fitness for both species are classified as this type of relationship.

Hypothesis: This close living arrangement may be described by the term symbiosis, "living together", but unlike mutualism the association significantly reduces the fitness of the host.


Premise: How does Spielberg feel about cutscenes in games?

Hypothesis: Spielberg played many of LucasArts adventure games, including the first Monkey Island games.


Premise: What is a WISP?

Hypothesis: A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking.


Premise: Who suggested that hydride anions existed?character does the H atom have in a hydride?

Hypothesis: The existence of the hydride anion, suggested by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1916 for group I and II salt-like hydrides, was demonstrated by Moers in 1920 by the electrolysis of molten lithium hydride (LiH), producing a stoichiometry quantity of hydrogen at the anode.


Premise: What is known to sometimes result in injury or death?

Hypothesis: The extinct Xenicibis was unique in having an elongate forelimb and massive hand which likely functioned in combat or defence as a jointed club or flail.


Premise: What vital part is missing in bacteria to eukaryotes?

Hypothesis: Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryotes, the scientific classification changed after the discovery in the 1990s that prokaryotes consist of two very different groups of organisms that evolved from an ancient common ancestor.


Premise: What can a citizen of Georgia not be compelled to do?

Hypothesis: No person within this state shall, upon any pretense, be deprived of the inestimable privilege of worshipping God in any manner agreeable to his own conscience, nor be compelled to attend any place of worship contrary to his own faith and judgment; nor shall he ever be obliged to pay tithes, taxes, or any other rate, for the building or repairing any place of worship, or for the maintenance of any minister or ministry, contrary to what he believes to be right, or hath voluntarily engaged to do.


Premise: Where do marmots build their colonies?

Hypothesis: Golden eagles and bearded vultures are the largest birds to be found in the Alps; they nest high on rocky ledges and can be found at altitudes of 2,400 m (7,874 ft).


Premise: Who was the compound named after?

Hypothesis: The first of these were local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid 1800s.


Premise: How does an NPO keep their charitable status?

Hypothesis: In determining whether an organization can become a charity, CRA applies a common law test to its stated objects and activities.


Premise: What does the acronym HMDA stand for?

Hypothesis: The jurisdictions of the city's administrative agencies are, in ascending order of size: the Hyderabad Police area, Hyderabad district, the GHMC area ("Hyderabad city") and the area under the Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA).


Premise: What is the most recent era of Latin canon law?

Hypothesis: In relation to the Code, history can be divided into the jus vetus (all law before the Code) and the jus novum (the law of the Code, or jus codicis).


Premise: When did the first Yankee Stadium open?

Hypothesis: The original Yankee Stadium opened in 1923 on 161st Street and River Avenue, a year that saw the Yankees bring home their first of 27 World Series Championships.


Premise: Who is authorized to provide inspection and/or maintenance of the elevator?

Hypothesis: When this switch is activated the elevator will come to a stop if moving, car calls will be canceled (and the buttons disabled), and hall calls will be assigned to other elevator cars in the group (or canceled in a single elevator configuration).