Premise: What action is made much more difficult for boards that have a conformal coating?

Hypothesis: PCBs intended for extreme environments often have a conformal coating, which is applied by dipping or spraying after the components have been soldered.


Premise: President Kennedy was killed when?

Hypothesis: During the next few weeks he reportedly concluded that both nations might realize cost benefits and technological gains from a joint venture, and decided to accept Kennedy's offer based on a measure of rapport during their years as leaders of the world's two superpowers, but changed his mind and dropped the idea since he did not have the same trust for Kennedy's successor, Lyndon Johnson.


Premise: What controlled the traction?

Hypothesis: Traction was controlled by a motor mechanic utilizing a system of toothed wheels.


Premise: What medical scientist first proposed the clonal selection theory of immunology?

Hypothesis: In the mid-1950s, Frank Burnet, inspired by a suggestion made by Niels Jerne, formulated the clonal selection theory (CST) of immunity.


Premise: What major nationalist movement has Nigeria had?

Hypothesis: Kin-selective altruism has made its way into Nigerian politics, resulting in tribalist efforts to concentrate Federal power to a particular region of their interests.


Premise: How many matches do each team play?

Hypothesis: May. Teams play 38 matches each (playing each team in the league twice, home and away), totalling 380 matches in the season.


Premise: What is the main north-south freeway called?

Hypothesis: Interstate 95 runs through the city along the Delaware River as a main north-south artery known as the Delaware Expressway.


Premise: What causes the specificity of base pairing?

Hypothesis: The two strands in a double helix must therefore be complementary, with their sequence of bases matching such that the adenines of one strand are paired with the thymines of the other strand, and so on.:4.1


Premise: What did the Queen commission Sir Robert Peel to do?

Hypothesis: Peel refused to govern under the restrictions imposed by the Queen, and consequently resigned his commission, allowing Melbourne to return to office.


Premise: In antiquity, most Jews in Gaul or Germany probably occupied what two roles?

Hypothesis: In Gaul and Germany itself, with the possible exception of Trier and Cologne, the archeological evidence suggests at most a fleeting presence of very few Jews, primarily itinerant traders or artisans.


Premise: What history did Vavilov write about?

Hypothesis: Building on the extensive earlier work of Alphonse de Candolle, Nikolai Vavilov (1887–1943) produced accounts of the biogeography, centres of origin, and evolutionary history of economic plants.


Premise: What are Plymouth residents commonly called?

Hypothesis: Its meaning is described as a person from Devon, deriving from Cousin Jan (the Devon form of John), but more particularly in naval circles anyone from the Plymouth area.


Premise: What Neapolitan architect created the "Flying Chair" elevator?

Hypothesis: A safety system was designed to take effect if the cords broke.


Premise: What church uses wine to celebrate the Eucharist?

Hypothesis: The Catholic Church uses wine in the celebration of the Eucharist because it is part of the tradition passed down through the ages starting with Jesus Christ at the Last Supper, where Catholics believe the consecrated bread and wine literally become the body and blood of Jesus Christ, a dogma known as transubstantiation.


Premise: What country did Kerry visit as a student?

Hypothesis: He also became a member of the secretive Skull and Bones Society, and traveled to Switzerland through AIESEC Yale.


Premise: What was the result of their recommendation?

Hypothesis: The Hillsborough disaster in 1989 and the subsequent Taylor Report saw a recommendation that standing terraces should be abolished; as a result all stadiums in the Premier League are all-seater.


Premise: Which areas does the Alaska Marine Highway serve?

Hypothesis: Alaska's well-developed state-owned ferry system (known as the Alaska Marine Highway) serves the cities of southeast, the Gulf Coast and the Alaska Peninsula.


Premise: How many matches does each team play?


Premise: Who helped refine the measles vaccine?

Hypothesis: Other notable new vaccines of the period include those for measles (1962, John Franklin Enders of Children's Medical Center Boston, later refined by Maurice Hilleman at Merck), Rubella (1969, Hilleman, Merck) and mumps (1967, Hilleman, Merck)


Premise: What did Bell think could be collected from farm and factory byproduct?

Hypothesis: At his Canadian estate in Nova Scotia, he experimented with composting toilets and devices to capture water from the atmosphere.


Premise: Where does the Catalan word alfabia come from?

Hypothesis: Thus, Catalan alfàbia "large earthenware jar" and rajola "tile", of Arabic origin, contrast with Spanish tinaja and teja, of Latin origin; whereas Catalan oli "oil" and oliva "olive", of Latin origin, contrast with Spanish aceite and aceituna.


Premise: If the opposite of springwood is summerwood, what's the opposite of earlywood?

Hypothesis: It is usually lighter in color than that near the outer portion of the ring, and is known as earlywood or springwood.


Premise: What did Apple launch on November 14, 2003?

Hypothesis: Apple announced a battery replacement program on November 14, 2003, a week before a high publicity stunt and website by the Neistat Brothers.


Premise: Of what series in the Periodic Table of Elements is uranium a part?

Hypothesis: It is a silvery-white metal in the actinide series of the periodic table.


Premise: The biggest changes in the brain during puberty occur in the parts of the cortex that process what kinds of information?

Hypothesis: Between the ages of 10 and 25, the brain undergoes changes that have important implications for behavior (see Cognitive development below).


Premise: What is the current rating of for Burma from the  Freedom in the World report and what caused the current standing ?

Hypothesis: In 2013, Myanmar improved yet again, receiving a score of five in civil liberties and a six in political freedoms


Premise: What does data collected by unicef and Who show

Hypothesis: Improved sanitation in the developing world is a global need, but a neglected priority as shown by the data collected by the Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP) of UNICEF and WHO.


Premise: What year was the first railway line of the company Ferrocarril Central del Uruguay inaugurated?

Hypothesis: In the same year, the Mercado del Puerto was inaugurated.


Premise: What novel influenced Nasser greatly?

Hypothesis: He was especially influenced by Egyptian writer Tawfiq al-Hakim's novel Return of the Spirit, in which al-Hakim wrote that the Egyptian people were only in need of a "man in whom all their feelings and desires will be represented, and who will be for them a symbol of their objective".


Premise: In what year was AT&T's "Picturephone" device introduced?

Hypothesis: One of the first demonstrations of the ability for telecommunications to help sign language users communicate with each other occurred when AT&T's videophone (trademarked as the "Picturephone") was introduced to the public at the 1964 New York World's Fair –two deaf users were able to communicate freely with each other between the fair and another city.


Premise: Where is the data from input devices sent to after being processed?

Hypothesis: The input devices may be hand-operated or automated.


Premise: In what century was the process of using hops to produce beer introduced to England?

Hypothesis: By the end of the century almost all beer was brewed by commercial breweries.


Premise: What have Postcode 3000 and Melbourne 2030 aimed to do?

Hypothesis: According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics as of June 2013, inner city Melbourne had the highest population density with 12,400 people per km2.


Premise: What complaint did Elliot have about Kerry's actions?

Hypothesis: Kerry's commanding officer, Lieutenant Commander George Elliott, stated to Douglas Brinkley in 2003 that he did not know whether to court-martial Kerry for beaching the boat without orders or give him a medal for saving the crew.


Premise: What country is the Premier League the most distributed televised sports broadcast?

Hypothesis: As of the 2013–14 season, Canadian broadcast rights to the Premier League are jointly owned by Sportsnet and TSN, with both rival networks holding rights to 190 matches per season.


Premise: To make the Mongol-Tibetan alliance stronger who became the 4th Dalai Lama?

Hypothesis: In 1642, the 5th Dalai Lama (1617–1682) became the first to wield effective political control over Tibet.


Premise: Who was the founder of the New York Post?

Hypothesis: Major tabloid newspapers in the city include: The New York Daily News, which was founded in 1919 by Joseph Medill Patterson and The New York Post, founded in 1801 by Alexander Hamilton.


Premise: At the time of his house arrest, Napoleon was serving with what military entity?

Hypothesis: Some contemporaries alleged that Bonaparte was put under house arrest at Nice for his association with the Robespierres following their fall in the Thermidorian Reaction in July 1794, but Napoleon's secretary Bourrienne disputed the allegation in his memoirs.


Premise: Where is the likely source of the change to the manipular formation?

Hypothesis: One disadvantage of the phalanx was that it was only effective when fighting in large, open spaces, which left the Romans at a disadvantage when fighting in the hilly terrain of central Italian peninsula.


Premise: What do some annelids have 'crowns' of?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, some predatory polychaetes have neither jaws nor eversible pharynges.


Premise: Are their any mental health proffesionals that have programs to change sexual orientation?

Hypothesis: These include the American Psychiatric Association, American Psychological Association, American Counseling Association, National Association of Social Workers in the USA, the Royal College of Psychiatrists, and the Australian Psychological Society.


Premise: Whose idea was it to run Apple Lisa's graphical programs on the Macintosh?

Hypothesis: Bud Tribble, a member of the Mac team, was interested in running the Apple Lisa's graphical programs on the Macintosh, and asked Smith whether he could incorporate the Lisa's Motorola 68000 microprocessor into the Mac while still keeping the production cost down.


Premise: Who was elected as the Mission's first municipal magistrate?

Hypothesis: The Mission was secularized by the Mexican government in 1833, and most of the Mission lands were sold to wealthy Californio settlers.


Premise: Which train stations are within walking distance of the southern end of campus?

Hypothesis: Pace Suburban Bus Service and the CTA have several bus routes that run through or near the Evanston campus.


Premise: When did the British establish colonies in Australia?

Hypothesis: British imperial strength was underpinned by the steamship and the telegraph, new technologies invented in the second half of the 19th century, allowing it to control and defend the Empire.


Premise: What decade was the pharmaceutical industry's "golden era"?

Hypothesis: Often the owner of the branded drug will introduce a generic version before the patent expires in order to get a head start in the generic market.


Premise: What does the plant use for internal processes?

Hypothesis: Plant physiology encompasses all the internal chemical and physical activities of plants associated with life.


Premise: What is the hypodescent rule?

Hypothesis: Some courts called it "the traceable amount rule."


Premise: Which historians referred to Iran as Persis?

Hypothesis: Historically, Iran has been referred to as Persia by the West, due mainly to the writings of Greek historians who called Iran Persis (Greek: Περσίς), meaning "land of the Persians."


Premise: Who stated that sites not on Open Directory were still being saved but would not be released until the Archive was reindexed?

Hypothesis: After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included.


Premise: What was the solution for the return current problem in Paris Metro?

Hypothesis: Today, the driver does not have to change ends at termini provided with such a loop, but the time saving is not so significant as it takes almost as long to drive round the loop as it does to change ends.


Premise: If prisoners use federal habeas corpus to present evidence that they're innocent, what must the evidence be?

Hypothesis: Prisoners may also use federal habeas corpus suits to bring forth new evidence that they are innocent of the crime, though to be a valid defense at this late stage in the process, evidence of innocence must be truly compelling.


Premise: What position in Yugoslavia's government did Tito hold from 1944-63?

Hypothesis: From 1943 to his death in 1980, he held the rank of Marshal of Yugoslavia, serving as the supreme commander of the Yugoslav military, the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA).


Premise: Who developed Arsphenamine?

Hypothesis: In 1911 arsphenamine, the first synthetic anti-infective drug, was developed by Paul Ehrlich and chemist Alfred Bertheim of the Institute of Experimental Therapy in Berlin.


Premise: Protestants describe Mary as devoted to whom?

Hypothesis: Within these views, Roman Catholic beliefs and practices are at times rejected, e.g., theologian Karl Barth wrote that "the heresy of the Catholic Church is its Mariology".


Premise: What is the normal snowfall?

Hypothesis: The most rain recorded in one day occurred on July 28, 2013, when 8.02 in (204 mm) fell at Philadelphia International Airport.


Premise: What happened to the nationalists and Marxists that had helped the Islamic ruling government to depose the Shah?

Hypothesis: The new government went about purging itself of the non-Islamist political opposition.


Premise: What map maker used the name Antarctica in his map of the 2nd century A.D.?

Hypothesis: Aristotle wrote in his book Meteorology about an Antarctic region in c. 350 B.C. Marinus of Tyre reportedly used the name in his unpreserved world map from the 2nd century A.D.


Premise: When was 720p HD support added to youtube?

Hypothesis: In November 2008, 720p HD support was added.


Premise: What was the price of the small force along the border?

Hypothesis: In 1843 the possibility of war was anticipated by the state government and it began to reinforce the defense lines along the political boundary with Texas.


Premise: What is the Greek goddess that symbolizes copper?

Hypothesis: Aphrodite and Venus represented copper in mythology and alchemy, because of its lustrous beauty, its ancient use in producing mirrors, and its association with Cyprus, which was sacred to the goddess.


Premise: What is the size of Antarctica?

Hypothesis: For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia.


Premise: What is often considered more important than the results of von Neumann's papers?

Hypothesis: In his 1936 paper on analytic measure theory, he used the Haar theorem in the solution of Hilbert's fifth problem in the case of compact groups.


Premise: Aside from karyotype, what are other genomic traits studied by scientists?

Hypothesis: Researchers compare traits such as chromosome number (karyotype), genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content to determine what mechanisms could have produced the great variety of genomes that exist today (for recent overviews, see Brown 2002; Saccone and Pesole 2003; Benfey and Protopapas 2004; Gibson and Muse 2004; Reese 2004; Gregory 2005).


Premise: How many games will each team play in the 2016 regular season?

Hypothesis: From 2011 to 2015, the regular season league expanded to 18 games, with each team having two bye weeks and the option of two preseason games.


Premise: She transmit her avant garde style to which audience?

Hypothesis: She was able to transmit her avant-garde downtown New York fashion sense to the American audience.


Premise: What was King Louis XV's secret ambition for Sweden and Turkey?

Hypothesis: French policy was, moreover, complicated by the existence of the le Secret du roi—a system of private diplomacy conducted by King Louis XV.


Premise: A Quantum Dot LED has been used in what?

Hypothesis: Fluorescence near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) utilizing an integrated QD-LED has been demonstrated.


Premise: Where was Road to Serfdom more popular than it was in Britain?

Hypothesis: When it was published in the United States by the University of Chicago in September of that year, it achieved greater popularity than in Britain.


Premise: What type of cell travels down the pollen tube while it's growing?

Hypothesis: While this pollen tube is growing, a haploid generative cell travels down the tube behind the tube nucleus.


Premise: in what time period did fusion genres of house emerge?

Hypothesis: In the mid-2000s, fusion genres such as electro house and fidget house emerged.[citation needed]


Premise: What categories is the masculine gender in Czech divided into?

Hypothesis: The main effect of gender in Czech is the difference in noun and adjective declension, but other effects include past-tense verb endings: for example, dělal (he did, or made); dělala (she did, or made) and dělalo (it did, or made).


Premise: How many bathrooms does the palace have?

Hypothesis: There are 775 rooms, including 19 state rooms, 52 principal bedrooms, 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices, and 78 bathrooms.


Premise: What is contained in the numbered articles of a treaty?

Hypothesis: After the preamble comes numbered articles, which contain the substance of the parties' actual agreement.


Premise: Musical genres that gained popularity in London and elsewhere, such as dubstep, were based on and derived from what?

Hypothesis: London was instrumental in the development of punk music, with figures such as the Sex Pistols, The Clash, and Vivienne Westwood all based in the city.


Premise: What is the primary use of Compact Disc + Graphics?

Hypothesis: Compact Disc + Graphics is a special audio compact disc that contains graphics data in addition to the audio data on the disc.


Premise: Which country has a disputed area with Tibet?

Hypothesis: Other traditional ethnic groups with significant population or with the majority of the ethnic group residing in Tibet (excluding a disputed area with India) include Bai people, Blang, Bonan, Dongxiang, Han, Hui people, Lhoba, Lisu people, Miao, Mongols, Monguor (Tu people), Menba (Monpa), Mosuo, Nakhi, Qiang, Nu people, Pumi, Salar, and Yi people.


Premise: What three factors impact the gyromagnetic ratio?

Hypothesis: The gyromagnetic ratio is related to the shielded proton magnetic moment μ′p, the spin number I (I = 1⁄2 for protons) and the reduced Planck constant.


Premise: Who directed the first feature film in Guinea-Bissau?

Hypothesis: Gomes's Mortu Nega (Death Denied) (1988) was the first fiction film and the second feature film ever made in Guinea-Bissau.


Premise: How are dogs viewed in Asian countries?

Hypothesis: In Asian countries such as China, Korea, and Japan, dogs are viewed as kind protectors.


Premise: How many BYU campus rooms are used for the purposes of LDS Church congregations?

Hypothesis: BYU mandates that its students who are members of the LDS Church be religiously active.


Premise: Where can participant observation take an anthropologist?

Hypothesis: Biological anthropologists are interested in both human variation and in the possibility of human universals (behaviors, ideas or concepts shared by virtually all human cultures).


Premise: When was Peirce born?

Hypothesis: Although Peirce severely criticized many elements of Descartes' peculiar brand of rationalism, he did not reject rationalism outright.


Premise: When was the fourth satellite for the BeiDou-1 system launched?

Hypothesis: It was reported that the satellite had suffered from a control system malfunction but was then fully restored.


Premise: What does Universal Primary Education belong to?

Hypothesis: There is also economic pressure from some parents, who prefer their children to earn money in the short term rather than work towards the long-term benefits of education.[citation needed]


Premise: Until what date was Swaziland bound by umchwasho?

Hypothesis: The country was under the chastity rite of "umchwasho" until 19 August 2005.


Premise: What allies did Nasser meet at the Academy?

Hypothesis: It was here that Nasser and his closest comrades, including Sadat and Amer, first discussed their dissatisfaction at widespread corruption in the country and their desire to topple the monarchy.


Premise: What type of current is featured in brushed DC motors?

Hypothesis: Thus, every brushed DC motor has AC flowing through its rotating windings.


Premise: What are non primarily gold and silver coins valuable for?

Hypothesis: Technically, all these coins are still legal tender at face value, though some are far more valuable today for their numismatic value, and for gold and silver coins, their precious metal value.


Premise: When was the Weston model 617 created?

Hypothesis: The meter and film rating system were invented by William Nelson Goodwin, Jr., who worked for them and later received a Howard N. Potts Medal for his contributions to engineering.


Premise: What was the case in 1962 where the Supreme Court addressed the issue of officially sponsored school prayer?

Hypothesis: In Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), the Court, by a vote of 6-1, determined it unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and require its recitation in public schools, even when the prayer is non-denominational and students may excuse themselves from participation.


Premise: Who is the author of "The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness"?

Hypothesis: She defines it further as "a system that locks people not only behind actual bars in actual prisons, but also behind virtual bars and virtual walls", illustrating the second-class citizenship that is imposed on a disproportionate number of people of color, specifically African-Americans.


Premise: What did the rebellion lead to

Hypothesis: This flag would later become known as the "Bonnie Blue Flag".


Premise: What gun did the Royal Navy start using?

Hypothesis: However, the performance of both 3.7 and 4.5-in guns was limited by their standard fuse No 199, with a 30-second running time, although a new mechanical time fuse giving 43 seconds was nearing readiness.


Premise: What does PPE stand for?

Hypothesis: Graphics processing is handled by the NVIDIA RSX 'Reality Synthesizer', which can produce resolutions from 480i/576i SD up to 1080p HD.


Premise: What type of government did Nepal have after the monarchy?

Hypothesis: Kumari is believed to be the bodily incarnation of the goddess Taleju (the Nepali name for Durga) until she menstruates, after which it is believed that the goddess vacates her body.


Premise: What made power distribution economically viable in Edison's lamp?

Hypothesis: They conclude that Edison's version was able to outstrip the others because of a combination of three factors: an effective incandescent material, a higher vacuum than others were able to achieve (by use of the Sprengel pump) and a high resistance that made power distribution from a centralized source economically viable.


Premise: Which Australian state was once known as the garden state?

Hypothesis: Melbourne is often referred to as Australia's garden city, and the state of Victoria was once known as the garden state.


Premise: How long do the routines last?

Hypothesis: Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category.


Premise: Date Records gave rise to the group "Peaches and Herb" in what year?

Hypothesis: Also in late 1965, the Date subsidiary label was revived.


Premise: Who separated the neighborhoods in the early 2000's?

Hypothesis: Some of the names have become common place among locals such as the Warehouse, Fayetteville Street, and Glenwood South Districts.


Premise: What was established after negotiations over San Diego between the Mexcians and Americans?

Hypothesis: As a result of the Mexican–American War of 1846–48, the territory of Alta California, including San Diego, was ceded to the United States by Mexico, under the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848.


Premise: How many passengers used PortMiami in 2007?

Hypothesis: It has retained its status as the number one cruise/passenger port in the world for well over a decade accommodating the largest cruise ships and the major cruise lines.


Premise: Shell Oil Company historically had little direct involvement from what entity in the running of its American businesses?

Hypothesis: Through most of Shell's early history, the Shell Oil Company business in the United States was substantially independent with its stock being traded on the NYSE and with little direct involvement from the group's central offices in the running of the American business.


Premise: How is Y-DNA passed along?

Hypothesis: "Y-DNA" is passed solely along the patrilineal line, from father to son, while "mtDNA" is passed down the matrilineal line, from mother to offspring of both sexes.


Premise: How many livery companies were in the meeting that founded the college?

Hypothesis: The latter two colleges were incorporated by Royal Charter into the Imperial College of Science and Technology and the CGLI Central Technical College was renamed the City and Guilds College in 1907, but not incorporated into Imperial College until 1910.


Premise: When did Tibet become part of Qing China?

Hypothesis: By the mid-18th century, the Qing had successfully put outer regions such as Inner and Outer Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang under its control.


Premise: What happened to the Premier League's televsion rights after this decision?

Hypothesis: However, a combination of Sky's strategy, the quality of Premier League football and the public's appetite for the game has seen the value of the Premier League's TV rights soar.


Premise: Can a unborn child face issues with stress than can affect their future abilities?

Hypothesis: Although the stress is applied prenatally, the offspring show increased levels of glucocorticoids when they are subjected to stress later on in life.


Premise: Along with leather, what industry uses uranium in dyes and stains?

Hypothesis: Uranium was also used in photographic chemicals (especially uranium nitrate as a toner), in lamp filaments for stage lighting bulbs, to improve the appearance of dentures, and in the leather and wood industries for stains and dyes.


Premise: When did the tradition of people carrying the Olympic torch before the Olympic games begin?

Hypothesis: ) – the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics.


Premise: Between what years did the club hold spring training in Scottsdale, Arizona?

Hypothesis: In addition to Mesa, the club has held spring training in Hot Springs, Arkansas (1886, 1896–1900), (1909–1910)


Premise: Which soldiers were in high demand under the mercenary system?

Hypothesis: All over Europe, Swiss soldiers were in particularly high demand.


Premise: How many of the Mayan glyphs had phonetic or syllabic interpretations?

Hypothesis: At any one time, no more than about five hundred glyphs were in use, some two hundred of which (including variations) had a phonetic or syllabic interpretation.


Premise: Was the cup lost during that time?

Hypothesis: In November 2012, it was ceremonially presented to Royal Engineers, after they beat Wanderers 7–1 in a charity replay of the first FA Cup final.


Premise: What was Churchill's highest rating?

Hypothesis: The cheerful crowds visiting bomb sites were so large they interfered with rescue work, pub visits increased in number (beer was never rationed), and 13,000 attended cricket at Lord's.


Premise: Who was modern Greece's first president?

Hypothesis: In 1828, modern Greece's first president Ioannis Kapodistrias called for union of Cyprus with Greece, and numerous minor uprisings took place.


Premise: What must a police officer recite to a suspect upon arrest/

Hypothesis: Due to the perennial inability of legislatures in the U.S. to enact statutes that would actually force law enforcement officers to respect the constitutional rights of criminal suspects and convicts, the federal judiciary gradually developed the exclusionary rule as a method to enforce such rights.


Premise: How many Grammies has Kanye won as of 2013?

Hypothesis: As of 2013, West has won a total of 21 Grammy Awards, making him one of the most awarded artists of all-time.


Premise: What can be used to prevent dehydration?

Hypothesis: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) (a slightly sweetened and salty water) can be used to prevent dehydration.


Premise: What is the literal meaning of tariqah?

Hypothesis: When the dynastic line of the separating successor Imam ended with no heir to succeed him, then either he (the last Imam) or his unborn successor was believed to have gone into concealment, that is, The Occultation.


Premise: Over what period of time did the reconstruction plan for the Somali Post cover?

Hypothesis: As of March 2012, the Somali authorities have re-established Somalia's membership with the Universal Postal Union (UPU), and taken part once again in the Union's affairs.


Premise: What were the titles of Delaunay's paintings in 1912?

Hypothesis: Beginning in 1912 Delaunay painted a series of paintings entitled Simultaneous Windows, followed by a series entitled Formes Circulaires, in which he combined planar structures with bright prismatic hues; based on the optical characteristics of juxtaposed colors his departure from reality in the depiction of imagery was quasi-complete.


Premise: What year did Dell's enterprise revenue make up a large chunk of its profit?

Hypothesis: Consequently, Dell's enterprise revenues, almost nonexistent in 1994, accounted for 13 percent of the company's total intake by 1998.


Premise: Newborns are particularly susceptible to infections caused by?

Hypothesis: Neonates are said to be in a state of physiological immunodeficiency, because both their innate and adaptive immunological responses are greatly suppressed.


Premise: When can Exclusive Jurisdiction be waived?

Hypothesis: Exclusive Jurisdiction can be waived when the two over-lapping Grand Lodges are themselves in Amity and agree to share jurisdiction (for example, since the Grand Lodge of Connecticut is in Amity with the Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Connecticut, the principle of Exclusive Jurisdiction does not apply, and other Grand Lodges may recognise both).


Premise: What invention led to advances in mathematics?

Hypothesis: Astronomy advanced following the translation of Ptolemy's Almagest from Greek into Latin in the late 12th century.


Premise: Who stated Humanism creates of people placeholder?

Hypothesis: Postmodern critics who are self-described anti-humanists, such as Jean-François Lyotard and Michel Foucault, have asserted that humanism posits an overarching and excessively abstract notion of humanity or universal human nature, which can then be used as a pretext for imperialism and domination of those deemed somehow less than human.


Premise: Who became the new manager of England's football team in May of 2012?

Hypothesis: In February 2012, Capello resigned from his role as England manager, following a disagreement with the FA over their request to remove John Terry from team captaincy after accusations of racial abuse concerning the player.


Premise: In what year was the second edition of The Grammar of Science published?

Hypothesis: In § 5 of that book, Pearson asserted that "...science is in reality a classification and analysis of the contents of the mind...."


Premise: What do some theories believe?

Hypothesis: A consequence of the latter theory is that effective teaching should present a variety of teaching methods which cover all three learning modalities so that different students have equal opportunities to learn in a way that is effective for them.


Premise: Who believed that action needed to be taken to level out the social and economic playing field before natural selection could occur to improve humanity?

Hypothesis: While some, like Spencer, used analogy from natural selection as an argument against government intervention in the economy to benefit the poor, others, including Alfred Russel Wallace, argued that action was needed to correct social and economic inequities to level the playing field before natural selection could improve humanity further.


Premise: Where could contestants submit a video audition?

Hypothesis: Karen Rodriguez was one such auditioner and reached the final rounds.


Premise: How many Protestants are there in the world?

Hypothesis: Protestants account for nearly forty percent of Christians worldwide and more than one tenth of the total human population.


Premise: Which disc did Reprise release in 78 rpm format?

Hypothesis: Only one disc actually saw release, Randy Newman's I Think It's Going to Rain Today, a track from his self-titled debut album (with The Beehive State on the flipside).


Premise: What year did the Gorton Government stop replacing troups in Vietnam?

Hypothesis: The Gorton Government increased funding for the arts, setting up the Australian Council for the Arts, the Australian Film Development Corporation and the National Film and Television Training School.


Premise: In what month and year did Hurricane Katrina occur?

Hypothesis: In ArenaBowl XXIV, the Jacksonville Sharks, coming off of a victory in their conference final game four nights earlier, traveled to US Airways Center in Phoenix and defeated the Arizona Rattlers 73–70.


Premise: Ibn Sina's Book of Healing was partially available in what language?

Hypothesis: His Book of Healing became available in Europe in partial Latin translation some fifty years after its composition, under the title Sufficientia, and some authors have identified a "Latin Avicennism" as flourishing for some time, paralleling the more influential Latin Averroism, but suppressed by the Parisian decrees of 1210 and 1215.


Premise: What effect did the introduction of innovative financial products have on a single mortgage?

Hypothesis: In 2005 a group of computer scientists built a computational model for the mechanism of biased ratings produced by rating agencies, which turned out to be adequate to what actually happened in 2006–2008.[citation needed]


Premise: What town was Patrick Ollier a mayor of?

Hypothesis: The first president of the metropolitan council, Patrick Ollier, a Republican and the mayor of the town of Rueil-Malmaison, was elected on January 22, 2016.


Premise: How does Scout respond to the audience?

Hypothesis: This prompts their black housekeeper Calpurnia to escort Scout and Jem to her church, which allows the children a glimpse into her personal life, as well as Tom Robinson's.


Premise: What portion of music sales did CDs and DVDs account for in the United States as of 2012?

Hypothesis: In Japan, however, over 80 percent of music was bought on CDs and other physical formats as of 2015.


Premise: How many troops did the Netherlands send initially?

Hypothesis: The British 16th Air Assault Brigade (later reinforced by Royal Marines) formed the core of the force in southern Afghanistan, along with troops and helicopters from Australia, Canada and the Netherlands.


Premise: What is a word that can be used to describe Sassou's type of government?

Hypothesis: Sassou Nguesso aligned the country with the Eastern Bloc and signed a twenty-year friendship pact with the Soviet Union.


Premise: Hidalgo refused the use of what during his execution?

Hypothesis: He also refused the use of a blindfold.


Premise: The bulk of Masonic rituals consist of what?

Hypothesis: The bulk of Masonic ritual consists of degree ceremonies.


Premise: What did August von Hayek's father write?

Hypothesis: He wrote systematic works in biology, some of which are relatively well known.


Premise: In which city was the stamp officially released?

Hypothesis: In 1936 the US Patent Office declared Bell first on its list of the country's greatest inventors, leading to the US Post Office issuing a commemorative stamp honoring Bell in 1940 as part of its 'Famous Americans Series'.


Premise: What committee did Kerry chair in 1991-1993?

Hypothesis: In 1994 the Senate passed a resolution, sponsored by Kerry and fellow Vietnam veteran John McCain, that called for an end to the existing trade embargo against Vietnam; it was intended to pave the way for normalization.


Premise: What did this theological study do to set itself apart from the other groups ?

Hypothesis: Contemporary Eastern Orthodox Christians often object to the dogmatic declaration of her immaculate conception as an "over-elaboration" of the faith and because they see it as too closely connected with a particular interpretation of the doctrine of ancestral sin.


Premise: Under which Scotland Act sections is the royal assent governed?

Hypothesis: Royal assent is signified by letters patent under the Great Seal of Scotland in the following form which is set out in The Scottish Parliament (Letters Patent and Proclamations)


Premise: What are the levers an author uses in literature to describe a psychological emotion?

Hypothesis: Authors choose literary device according to what psychological emotion he or she is attempting to describe, thus certain literary devices are more emotionally effective than others.


Premise: By whom was the phonautograms patented?

Hypothesis: Phonautograms of singing and speech made by Scott in 1860 were played back as sound for the first time in 2008.


Premise: How many copies of Late Registration were sold in the United States?

Hypothesis: Late Registration sold over 2.3 million units in the United States alone by the end of 2005 and was considered by industry observers as the only successful major album release of the fall season, which had been plagued by steadily declining CD sales.


Premise: When did the implementers receive a Nobel Prize for making the transistor?

Hypothesis: First conceived by Julius Lilienfeld in 1926 and practically implemented in 1947 by American physicists John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley, the transistor revolutionized the field of electronics, and paved the way for smaller and cheaper radios, calculators, and computers, among other things.


Premise: What do many words feature?

Hypothesis: Also, Catalan has final obstruent devoicing, thus featuring many couplets like amic "(male friend") vs. amiga ("female friend").


Premise: How many Copa del Rey trophies has Barcelona won?

Hypothesis: Domestically, Barcelona has won 23 La Liga, 27 Copa del Rey, 11 Supercopa de España, 3 Copa Eva Duarte and 2 Copa de la Liga trophies, as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions.


Premise: What was the name of the woman she played in Obsessed?

Hypothesis: The fight scene finale between Sharon and the character played by Ali Larter also won the 2010 MTV Movie Award for Best Fight.


Premise: What allowed better sounds inside the cabinet of the orthoponic phonograph?

Hypothesis: Also, a folded horn with an exponential taper was constructed inside the cabinet to provide better impedance matching to the air.


Premise: What besides china clay is used as a filler?

Hypothesis: Additives for sizing purposes may be mixed with it and/or applied to the paper web later in the manufacturing process; the purpose of such sizing is to establish the correct level of surface absorbency to suit ink or paint.


Premise: Which is the tallest mountain in Sicily?

Hypothesis: The tallest peak of the range is La Pizzuta, about 1,333 m (4,373 ft.) high.


Premise: Of all the benefits of the partnership with Fold3, what benefited the public at large the most?

Hypothesis: On January 10, 2007, the National Archives and Fold3.com (formerly Footnote) launched a pilot project to digitize historic documents from the National Archives holdings.


Premise: In what year did Roc-A-Fella make Kanye West known?

Hypothesis: Serving as an in-house producer for Roc-A-Fella Records, West produced records for other artists from the label, including Beanie Sigel, Freeway, and Cam'ron.


Premise: How many members were in the "presidency" in Jajce?

Hypothesis: In Jajce, a 67-member "presidency" was elected and established a nine-member National Committee of Liberation (five communist members) as a de facto provisional government.


Premise: What type of instrument was somewhat standardized int eh Baroque era?

Hypothesis: While double reeded instruments like the oboe and bassoon became somewhat standardized in the Baroque, the clarinet family of single reeds was not widely used until Mozart expanded its role in orchestral, chamber, and concerto settings.


Premise: What is the refractive index of air?

Hypothesis: Given the larger refractive index of the ground (typically n=2) compared to air (n=1), the phase of horizontally polarized radiation is reversed upon reflection (a phase shift of  radians or 180°).


Premise: Where was the Roman emperor's capital?

Hypothesis: The last Roman emperor died fighting hand-to-hand in the streets of his capital, Constantinople, overwhelmed by the Ottoman military, in May, 1453.


Premise: How long did the American troops pursue Villa?

Hypothesis: After nearly a year of pursuing Villa, American forces returned to the United States.


Premise: Who was the Umayyad governor of Khurasan who was defeated by Abu Muslim?

Hypothesis: Kufa fell to the Hashimiyya in 749, the last Umayyad stronghold in Iraq, Wasit, was placed under siege, and in November of the same year Abu al-Abbas was recognized as the new caliph in the mosque at Kufa.[citation needed]


Premise: The technology sector of work in NYC has how many employees in its service?

Hypothesis: High technology startup companies and employment are growing in New York City and the region, bolstered by the city's position in North America as the leading Internet hub and telecommunications center, including its vicinity to several transatlantic fiber optic trunk lines, New York's intellectual capital, and its extensive outdoor wireless connectivity.


Premise: What was the focus of paintings in Italy?

Hypothesis: The ideas of the Italian Renaissance were slow to cross the Alps into northern Europe, but important artistic innovations were made also in the Low Countries.


Premise: Which Alaskan indigenous group was the fist to be exploited by Russians?

Hypothesis: The North Slope and Little Diomede Island are occupied by the widespread Inupiat people.


Premise: The goal of an immunologist is to study what beings?

Hypothesis: The most important thing about being immunologists is the research because it is the biggest portion of their jobs.


Premise: About how many Native Americans live in Montana?

Hypothesis: Approximately 66,000 people of Native American heritage live in Montana.


Premise: At what rate have glaciers travelled during surges?

Hypothesis: Temporary rates up to 90 m (300 ft) per day have occurred when increased temperature or overlying pressure caused bottom ice to melt and water to accumulate beneath a glacier.


Premise: What was Nintendo's limit on games per developer per year on the NES?

Hypothesis: However, competition from Sega's console brought an end to this practice; in 1991, Acclaim began releasing games for both platforms, with most of Nintendo's other licensees following suit over the next several years; Capcom (which licensed some games to Sega instead of producing them directly) and Square were the most notable holdouts.


Premise: What controlled the small form tablet market at this time?

Hypothesis: This statistic includes shipments to channel warehouses which now need to be sold in order to make way for new shipments.


Premise: What threat was John worried about?

Hypothesis: By 1213, though, John was increasingly worried about the threat of French invasion.


Premise: What is the main way that peticides perform their function?

Hypothesis: Most pesticides work by poisoning pests.


Premise: What usually happens regarding a championship during a draw?

Hypothesis: A variant of the draw is the time-limit draw, where the match does not have a winner by a specified time period (a one-hour draw, which was once common, is known in wrestling circles as a "Broadway").


Premise: What happened to British Isles area when the ice melted after the last ice age?

Hypothesis: Britain probably became repopulated with people before the ice age ended and certainly before it became separated from the mainland.


Premise: In 1169, Ireland was invaded by which people?

Hypothesis: Viking invasions began in the 9th century, followed by more permanent settlements, particularly along the east coast of Ireland, the west coast of modern-day Scotland and the Isle of Man.


Premise: Who decided if a student earned a law degree in undergraduate madaris?

Hypothesis: In contrast to the medieval doctorate which was granted by the collective authority of the faculty, the Islamic degree was not granted by the teacher to the pupil based on any formal criteria, but remained a "personal matter, the sole prerogative of the person bestowing it; no one could force him to give one".


Premise: From where is C31 broadcast?

Hypothesis: Each station (excluding C31) broadcasts a primary channel and several multichannels.


Premise: What is the legislature composed of?

Hypothesis: The Legislature is composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives.


Premise: Who wrote the story of Crassus?

Hypothesis: An example that shows the spread of Greek theater is Plutarch's story of the death of Crassus, in which his head was taken to the Parthian court and used as a prop in a performance of The Bacchae.


Premise: Who did the new owner of the Cubs sign from the Boston Red Sox?

Hypothesis: Epstein, a proponent of sabremetrics and one of the architects of two world series titles in Boston brought along Jed Hoyer to fill the role of GM and hired Dale Sveum as manager.


Premise: What body governed Russia prior to the Soviet government?

Hypothesis: The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution.


Premise: From what source do Catalons think the red/blue colors originated?

Hypothesis: The club's most frequently used change colours have been yellow and orange.


Premise: On what date were the Belavezha Accords signed?

Hypothesis: On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Russian Parliament, therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR.


Premise: High altitude needs in Germany were going to be handled by what?

Hypothesis: First used in Spain during the Spanish Civil War, the gun proved to be one of the best anti-aircraft guns in the world, as well as particularly deadly against light, medium, and even early heavy tanks.


Premise: In what case did the supreme court of California, throw away warranties and strictly impose liability for defective products?

Hypothesis: Notably, the most broadly influential innovation of 20th-century American tort law was the rule of strict liability for defective products, which originated with judicial glosses on the law of warranty.


Premise: Where do the Kpelle reside?

Hypothesis: The Kpelle comprise more than 20% of the population and are the largest ethnic group in Liberia, residing mostly in Bong County and adjacent areas in central Liberia.


Premise: On what date did Alexander speak to the Sénat conservateur?

Hypothesis: However, the Allies refused to accept this under prodding from Alexander, who feared that Napoleon might find an excuse to retake the throne.


Premise: The author's ideas would later influence what well known philosopher?

Hypothesis: Feuerbach's materialism would later heavily influence Karl Marx.


Premise: Along with Tudor Revival, what is a common architectural style of single-family houses in New York?

Hypothesis: In neighborhoods such as Riverdale (in the Bronx), Ditmas Park (in Brooklyn), and Douglaston (in Queens), large single-family homes are common in various architectural styles such as Tudor Revival and Victorian.


Premise: What is Israel's top literary reward?

Hypothesis: By law, two copies of all printed matter published in Israel must be deposited in the National Library of Israel at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.


Premise: What percentage of Estonians were ethnic in 2006?

Hypothesis: At the end of the 1980s, Estonians perceived their demographic change as a national catastrophe.


Premise: What drug killed 100 people in 1937?

Hypothesis: In 1937 over 100 people died after ingesting "Elixir Sulfanilamide" manufactured by S.E. Massengill Company of Tennessee.


Premise: Religious Ashkenazi Jews look to the authority of the chief Ashkenazi rabbi in which matters?

Hypothesis: Religious Ashkenazi Jews living in Israel are obliged to follow the authority of the chief Ashkenazi rabbi in halakhic matters.


Premise: How many days does the non-stop festival go?

Hypothesis: The result was the uninterrupted celebration of Carnival festivals in Barranquilla (see Barranquilla's Carnival) now recognized as one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.


Premise: What was introduced in 1939?

Hypothesis: In 1928 3.7-inch became the preferred solution, but it took 6 years to gain funding.


Premise: What side of the Konigssee was St. Bartholomew's chapel built?

Hypothesis: In Germany, the medieval St. Bartholomew's chapel was built on the south side of the Königssee, accessible only by boat or by climbing over the abutting peaks.


Premise: Do young trees grow more quickly in open stands or in a closed forest?

Hypothesis: Wide-ringed wood is often called "second-growth", because the growth of the young timber in open stands after the old trees have been removed is more rapid than in trees in a closed forest, and in the manufacture of articles where strength is an important consideration such "second-growth" hardwood material is preferred.


Premise: What has cultural anthropology specifically emphasized?

Hypothesis: Since the work of Franz Boas and Bronisław Malinowski in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, social anthropology in Great Britain and cultural anthropology in the US have been distinguished from other social sciences by its emphasis on cross-cultural comparisons, long-term in-depth examination of context, and the importance it places on participant-observation or experiential immersion in the area of research.


Premise: What type of bomb was first developed during the Cold War?

Hypothesis: American intelligence agencies discovered that the Soviet Union had exploded its first atomic bomb, with the consequence that the United States potentially could face a future nuclear war that, for the first time, might devastate its cities.


Premise: What is found by dividing size of repetitive DNA by length of total genome?

Hypothesis: The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size.


Premise: What is another name for standard written chinese?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, the character inventory used for Mandarin (standard written Chinese) does not correspond to Hokkien words, and there are a large number of informal characters (替字, thè-jī or thòe-jī; 'substitute characters') which are unique to Hokkien (as is the case with Cantonese).


Premise: In 1817, The Times paper's printer James Lawson passed his business to which family member?

Hypothesis: In the same year, the paper's printer James Lawson, died and passed the business onto his son John Joseph Lawson(1802–1852).


Premise: What is the entrance of the ancient Roman tunnel where "Virgil's tomb" is located also called?

Hypothesis: The structure known as "Virgil's tomb" is found at the entrance of an ancient Roman tunnel (also known as "grotta vecchia") in Piedigrotta, a district two miles from the centre of Naples, near the Mergellina harbor, on the road heading north along the coast to Pozzuoli.


Premise: In what part of India did the Tamil dynasties rule?

Hypothesis: During this period the 3 Tamil Dynasties Chera dynasty, Chola dynasty and the Pandyan Dynasty ruled parts of southern India.


Premise: Who dissolved the government eventually?

Hypothesis: It was quickly dissolved by Governor Santiago de Baca Ortiz, who replaced it with a more pronounced Yorkino type.


Premise: When was Two Stars for Peace published?

Hypothesis: The American State of Canaan, is a book published by Prof. Alfred de Grazia, political science and sociologist, in March 2009, proposing the creation of the 51st and 52nd states from Israel and the Palestinian territories.


Premise: How many engineering colleges are in Rajasthan?

Hypothesis: Kota is known for its quality education in preparation of various competitive exams, coaching for medical and engineering exams while Jodhpur is home to many higher educational institutions like IIT, AIIMS, National Law University, Sardar Patel Police University, National institute of Fashion Technology, MBM Engineering College etc.


Premise: Which language did the Romans introduce to Galicia?

Hypothesis: The Romans were interested in Galicia mainly for its mineral resources, most notably gold.


Premise: In which year was Detroit recaptured?

Hypothesis: The Battle of Frenchtown (January 18–23, 1813) was part of a United States effort to retake the city, and American troops suffered their highest fatalities of any battle in the war.


Premise: Who are cast in Eton's female roles in their productions?

Hypothesis: Boys from the School are also responsible for the lighting, sound and stage management of all the productions, under the guidance of several professional full-time theatre staff.


Premise: From where did raiders come to attack the agrarian Indians?

Hypothesis: In evaluating the impact of Islam on the sub-continent, one must note that the northwestern sub-continent was a frequent target of tribes raiding from Central Asia.


Premise: What type of missiles does the Charles de Gaulle carry?

Hypothesis: The ship carries a complement of Dassault-Breguet Super Étendard, Dassault Rafale M and E‑2C Hawkeye aircraft, EC725 Caracal and AS532 Cougar helicopters for combat search and rescue, as well as modern electronics and Aster missiles.


Premise: What features are emphasized in adult contemporary R&B music?

Hypothesis: It is a form of neo soul R&B that places emphasis on songcraft and sophistication.


Premise: What specifically was misrepresented on game products?

Hypothesis: The video game market crash of 1983 had occurred in significant part due to a lack of consumer and retailer confidence in video games, which had in turn been due partially to confusion and misrepresentation in the marketing of video games.


Premise: What did Herman Goldstone write about von NEumann?

Hypothesis: As far as I could tell, von Neumann was able on once reading a book or article to quote it back verbatim; moreover, he could do it years later without hesitation.


Premise: What was the Phillipines ranked as?

Hypothesis: The ten highest risk countries in 2012, ranked in decreasing order, were: Myanmar, North Korea, Somalia, Sudan, DR Congo, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, Burundi, Pakistan and Ethiopia.


Premise: What part of the Bible references the death of Jesus?

Hypothesis: There are other, more implicit references in the New Testament epistles.


Premise: k

Hypothesis: When being the capital of a state, for instance, ROC, Jing (京) is adopted as the abbreviation of Nanjing.


Premise: When did Chopin die?

Hypothesis: Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the solo piano.


Premise: What is a solution to help this problem?

Hypothesis: " Solutions to this barrier require the implementation of educational programs that encourage sanitary behaviours.


Premise: What is the special marking that shows messages can be shared with these other five countries?

Hypothesis: A new handling caveat, USA/AUS/CAN/GBR/NZL Five Eyes, used primarily on intelligence messages, gives an easier way to indicate that the material can be shared with Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, and New Zealand.


Premise: Who led global economic growth after the financial crisis?

Hypothesis: Advanced economies led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis with "emerging" and "developing" economies lagging behind.


Premise: Who noted the severe erosion of the mountains?

Hypothesis: Because of his work he came to be known as the "father of the ice-age concept" although other naturalists before him put forth similar ideas.


Premise: Who are some modern Portuguese authors?

Hypothesis: Modern Portuguese poetry is rooted in neoclassic and contemporary styles, as exemplified by Fernando Pessoa (1888–1935).


Premise: Outside of promoting diversity, was does Eastland believe the other reason to be in favor of affirmative action is?

Hypothesis: The Case for Colorblind Justice states, "Most arguments for affirmative action fall into two categories: remedying past discrimination and promoting diversity".


Premise: What was Microsoft Windows 3.0's performance comparable to?

Hypothesis: Though still a graphical wrapper that relied upon MS-DOS, 3.0 was the first iteration of Windows which had a feature set and performance comparable to the much more expensive Macintosh platform.


Premise: Which towns have the highest immigrant population?

Hypothesis: About 4% of the population are migrants (including persons that already received the German citizenship).


Premise: It is believed that a very warm earth would lead to more recycling of what?

Hypothesis: Some scientists think because the Earth was hotter, that plate tectonic activity was more vigorous than it is today, resulting in a much greater rate of recycling of crustal material.


Premise: In what city did the modern Pentecostal movement begin?

Hypothesis: Sprung from Methodist and Wesleyan roots, it arose out of meetings at an urban mission on Azusa Street in Los Angeles.


Premise: Which singer performed at Bell's funeral?

Hypothesis: To help celebrate his life, his wife asked guests not to wear black (the traditional funeral color) while attending his service, during which soloist Jean MacDonald sang a verse of Robert Louis Stevenson's "Requiem":


Premise: What process is required of each government's policies?

Hypothesis: The failure of the Assembly to reject the government programme by an absolute majority of deputies confirms the cabinet in office.


Premise: Where is the International Chopin Piano Competition held?

Hypothesis: The world's oldest monographic music competition, the International Chopin Piano Competition, founded in 1927, is held every five years in Warsaw.


Premise: Who developed the method to get epinephrine in it's pure form?

Hypothesis: By the 1890s the profound effect of adrenal extracts on many different tissue types had been discovered, setting off a search both for the mechanism of chemical signalling and efforts to exploit these observations for the development of new drugs.


Premise: During the summer solstice, for how many minutes did hora tertia last for the Romans?

Hypothesis: For example, Roman water clocks had different scales for different months of the year: at Rome's latitude the third hour from sunrise, hora tertia, started by modern standards at 09:02 solar time and lasted 44 minutes at the winter solstice, but at the summer solstice it started at 06:58 and lasted 75 minutes.


Premise: What is an example of a quantity that time is used to define, mentioned in the paragraph?

Hypothesis: Time is used to define other quantities—such as velocity—so defining time in terms of such quantities would result in circularity of definition.


Premise: For what battle was Houston used as an organization point ?

Hypothesis: During the American Civil War, Houston served as a headquarters for General John Bankhead Magruder, who used the city as an organization point for the Battle of Galveston.


Premise: What is another name for the Republic of China?

Hypothesis: In some presidential or semi-presidential systems, such as those of France, Russia or South Korea, the prime minister is an official generally appointed by the president but usually approved by the legislature and responsible for carrying out the directives of the president and managing the civil service.


Premise: What does the University of California call its campus in Mexico City?

Hypothesis: In addition, the prestigious University of California maintains a campus known as "Casa de California" in the city.


Premise: When did Houston begin to regain its dependence on the oil industry?

Hypothesis: After the early 1990s recession, Houston made efforts to diversify its economy by focusing on aerospace and health care/biotechnology, and reduced its dependence on the petroleum industry.


Premise: What were the results of those exemption petitions?

Hypothesis: There have been six instances as of 2009 in which the exemption process was initiated.


Premise: What came after the realization that physicians should was their hands before childbirth?

Hypothesis: This discovery predated the germ theory of disease.


Premise: How many square kilometers was Richmond at the start of the 20th century?

Hypothesis: By the beginning of the 20th century, the city's population had reached 85,050 in 5 square miles (13 km2), making it the most densely populated city in the Southern United States.


Premise: After the 2003 incident, what was the next major year in which conerns were raised?

Hypothesis: It was said then that "A spokesman for Imperial said the college was acting on the recommendations and had already made changes".


Premise: What did internet portals remove from their home pages?

Hypothesis: Other entertainment websites, including various gaming sites, such as the Chinese servers for World of Warcraft, had shut down altogether, or had corresponding links to earthquake donations.


Premise: How are glass masters created?

Hypothesis: After a metallic reflecting layer (usually aluminium, but sometimes gold or other metal) is applied to the clear blank substrate, the disc goes under a UV light for curing and it is ready to go to press.


Premise: What is Louis Binford's profession?

Hypothesis: Archaeologist Louis Binford criticised the idea that early hominids and early humans were hunters.


Premise: What kind of toilet did Bell work on?

Hypothesis: Bell's own home used a primitive form of air conditioning, in which fans blew currents of air across great blocks of ice.


Premise: Beyonce tied who for most number one singles by a female?

Hypothesis: She tied with Lauryn Hill for most Grammy nominations in a single year by a female artist.


Premise: When did UNESCO make Boudhanath a World Heritage Site?

Hypothesis: Boudhanath became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979.


Premise: The Hungarians had thrown off Turkish rule by what year?

Hypothesis: The populations of those lands did not accept Turkish rule.


Premise: Who served as Eisenhower's vice president?

Hypothesis: He was a moderate conservative who continued New Deal agencies and expanded Social Security.


Premise: Where is Yingxiu located?

Hypothesis: Zhū Shàowéi) was also killed in Mianzhu City when a house collapsed on him and another was reported missing.


Premise: When was Warrington added to Lancashire?

Hypothesis: To the existing county boroughs of Barrow-in-Furness, Blackburn, Bolton, Bootle, Burnley, Bury, Liverpool, Manchester, Oldham, Preston, Rochdale, Salford, St Helens and Wigan were added Blackpool (1904), Southport (1905), and Warrington (1900).


Premise: What media source has reported this happening?

Hypothesis: Parents and volunteers who have questioned authorities have been detained and threatened."


Premise: Who carries floral arrangements of penis-like veggies?

Hypothesis: In the funeral house, the body of the King is surrounded by an honor guard and weeping concubines, crying over the loss of sexual pleasure brought about by his death.


Premise: What is the name of the lighthouse that is located on the Atlantic City coast?

Hypothesis: That same year, construction of the Absecon Lighthouse, designed by George Meade of the Corps of Topographical Engineers, was approved, with work initiated the next year.


Premise: Which fruit does the state rank first in production?

Hypothesis: The state ranked first in Mexico for the production of the following crops: oats, chile verde, cotton, apples, pecans, and membrillo.


Premise: Who was the last ruller to keep the region united?

Hypothesis: The last ruler to maintain united state was Mstislav the Great.


Premise: What is the most likely outout for the common variety of pheasant ?

Hypothesis: In R. D. Crawford's Poultry breeding and genetics, squabs are omitted but Japanese quail and common pheasant are added to the list, the latter frequently being bred in captivity and released into the wild.


Premise: What is Charleston's seasonal record of snowfall?

Hypothesis: However, 6.0 in (15 cm) fell at the airport on December 23, 1989, the largest single-day fall on record, contributing to a single-storm and seasonal record of 8.0 in (20 cm) snowfall.


Premise: What time periods did the Indus Valley civilization flourish?

Hypothesis: During the Vedic period, several small republics known as "Janapada" existed which were later conquered by the Gupta Empire.


Premise: When did the Declaration of Delhi happen?

Hypothesis: In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law.


Premise: When did Universal make Tom Mix westerns?

Hypothesis: By the early 1940s, the company was concentrating on lower-budget productions that were the company's main staple: westerns, melodramas, serials and sequels to the studio's horror pictures, the latter now solely B pictures.


Premise: What annual rowing event has been happening in Cork since 2005?

Hypothesis: The "Ocean to City" race has been held annually since 2005, and attracts teams and boats from local and visiting clubs who row the 24 kilometres (15 mi) from Crosshaven into Cork city centre.


Premise: What type of action, either direct or indirect, of a state's representative by another type of party to a treaty can invalidate a state's consent?

Hypothesis: Consent will also be invalidated if it was induced by the fraudulent conduct of another party, or by the direct or indirect "corruption" of its representative by another party to the treaty.


Premise: Including Arsenal, how many  teams  had won the Premier League up to 2013?

Hypothesis: As of July 2013, they were one of only five teams, the others being Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, and Manchester City, to have won the Premier League since its formation in 1992.


Premise: What were the most important foreign policy priorities?

Hypothesis: Since regaining independence, Estonia has pursued a foreign policy of close co-operation with its Western European partners.


Premise: Who's the current Mayor of Southampton?

Hypothesis: The city has a Mayor and is one of the 16 cities and towns in England and Wales to have a ceremonial sheriff who acts as a deputy for the Mayor.


Premise: What revolution made whites fearful of retribution of slaves?

Hypothesis: When a massive slave revolt planned by Denmark Vesey, a free black, was revealed in May 1822, whites reacted with intense fear, as they were well aware of the violent retribution of slaves against whites during the Haitian Revolution.


Premise: What is one country that has sucessfully used IPM?

Hypothesis: IPM attempts to recognize the more widespread impacts of an action on an ecosystem, so that natural balances are not upset.


Premise: What is a uplight used for ambient lighting?

Hypothesis: It is typically a floor lamp but may be wall-mounted like a sconce.


Premise: In what year was a new type of blue LED produced?

Hypothesis: This produced a commercially packaged white light giving 65 lm/W at 20 mA, becoming the brightest white LED commercially available at the time, and more than four times as efficient as standard incandescents.


Premise: What does "having a gene" or a "good gene" typically refer to?

Hypothesis: Genes can acquire mutations in their sequence, leading to different variants, known as alleles, in the population.


Premise: What American magazines have a footprint in Mexico City?

Hypothesis: Mexico City is Latin America's leading center for the television, music and film industries.


Premise: The counterweight runs equal to the cab weight plus what percentage of the elevator capacity?

Hypothesis: The weight of the counterweight is typically equal to the weight of the elevator cab plus 40-50% of the capacity of the elevator.


Premise: What director win an Emmy Award for his work on American Idol?

Hypothesis: Director Bruce Gower won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing


Premise: The resurgence of traditional pop was one of the factors that led to what change in the music market?

Hypothesis: This in part led to a widening of the market, not only allowing to cater to more niche markets, but it also became customary for artists to make AC-friendly singles.


Premise: What may be formed between the external ectoderm and an internal endoderm layers?

Hypothesis: It first invaginates to form a gastrula with a digestive chamber, and two separate germ layers — an external ectoderm and an internal endoderm.


Premise: What is the average elevation of the south-eastern region of Rajasthan?

Hypothesis: The south-eastern area, higher in elevation (100 to 350 m above sea level) and more fertile, has a very diversified topography.


Premise: How many hotels are on the island?

Hypothesis: Three hotels operate on the island but the arrival of tourists is directly linked to the arrival and departure schedule of the RMS St Helena.


Premise: What console was home to the sequel for The Wind Waker?

Hypothesis: The game was scheduled to be released the next year, and was no longer a follow-up to The Wind Waker; a true sequel to it was released for the Nintendo DS in 2007, in the form of Phantom Hourglass.


Premise: When did Napoleon's invasion of Portugal begin?

Hypothesis: Unhappy with this change of policy by the Portuguese government, Napoleon sent an army to invade Portugal.


Premise: What large cat has a particular taste for dogs no matter how big the dog is?

Hypothesis: Tigers in Manchuria, Indochina, Indonesia, and Malaysia are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as leopards.


Premise: What is Caoshu?

Hypothesis: Caoshu, cursive written text, almost always includes character simplification, and simplified forms have always existed in print, albeit not for the most formal works.


Premise: How much money did Spielberg spend to film Close Encounters?

Hypothesis: The film was made for $500, most of which came from his father, and was shown in a local cinema for one evening, which earned back its cost.


Premise: What precomposed character represents the small latin e with an accent?

Hypothesis: For example, é can be represented in Unicode as U+0065 (LATIN SMALL LETTER E) followed by U+0301 (COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT), but it can also be represented as the precomposed character U+00E9 (LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE).


Premise: Who is the head of state appointed by the President of India?

Hypothesis: The Governor is the head of state appointed by the President of India.


Premise: Many insects are what to the environment?

Hypothesis: Although pest insects attract the most attention, many insects are beneficial to the environment and to humans.


Premise: Who restored communications over a period of months?

Hypothesis: Immediately after the earthquake event, mobile and terrestrial telecommunications were cut to the affected and surrounding area, with all internet capabilities cut to the Sichuan area too.


Premise: How many audience members can fit in Dolby Theatre?

Hypothesis: For seasons one, three through six, and fourteen, it was broadcast from the Dolby Theatre, which has an audience capacity of approximately 3,400.


Premise: I couldn't could up with another question. But i need to fill this space because I can't submit the hit.

Hypothesis: After holding out for one year under siege by Demetrius Poliorcetes (304-305 BCE), the Rhodians built the Colossus of Rhodes to commemorate their victory.


Premise: Who were three Chicago blues players who influenced hard rock?

Hypothesis: Early forms of hard rock can be heard in the work of Chicago blues musicians Elmore James, Muddy Waters, and Howlin' Wolf, The Kingsmen's version of "Louie Louie" (1963) which made it a garage rock standard, and the songs of rhythm and blues influenced British Invasion acts, including "You Really Got Me" by The Kinks (1964), "My Generation" by The Who (1965), "Shapes of Things" (1966) by The Yardbirds and "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" (1965) by The Rolling Stones.


Premise: The Imperial War Cabinet was created by which British Prime Minister?

Hypothesis: The important contribution of the Dominions to the war effort was recognised in 1917 by the British Prime Minister David Lloyd George when he invited each of the Dominion Prime Ministers to join an Imperial War Cabinet to co-ordinate imperial policy.


Premise: What does 'Praça dos Três Poderes' mean?

Hypothesis: It is a tourist attraction in Brasília, designed by Lúcio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer as a place where the three branches would meet harmoniously.


Premise: Which CBS correspondant graduated from The Medill School of Journalism?

Hypothesis: The Medill School of Journalism has produced notable journalists and political activists including 38 Pulitzer Prize laureates.


Premise: what famous speech did Patrick Henry give in Richmond?

Hypothesis: During the Revolutionary War period, several notable events occurred in the city, including Patrick Henry's "Give me liberty or give me death" speech in 1775 at St. John's Church, and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson.


Premise: What was Victoria like, physically?

Hypothesis: They, and others, conclude that as a person Victoria was emotional, obstinate, honest, and straight-talking.


Premise: When did the modern usage of prime minister come into being?

Hypothesis: The term prime minister in the sense that we know it originated in the 18th century in the United Kingdom when members of parliament disparagingly used the title in reference to Sir Robert Walpole.


Premise: In which year was the body installed?

Hypothesis: The elections for the first regular legislature were disputed, and it was not until May 1, 1826, that the body was installed.


Premise: In parts of the country, Romani is spoken by who?

Hypothesis: Romani is also spoken by Christian Roma in other parts of the country.


Premise: What does the compression target in the song?

Hypothesis: It uses psychoacoustic models to discard or reduce precision of components less audible to human hearing, and then records the remaining information in an efficient manner.


Premise: Who referred to Gaddafi as a martyr?

Hypothesis: Contrastingly, former Cuban President Fidel Castro commented that in defying the rebels, Gaddafi would "enter history as one of the great figures of the Arab nations", while Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez described him as "a great fighter, a revolutionary and a martyr."


Premise: Does this tax exempt status apply to other taxes?

Hypothesis: Additionally, a tax-exempt organization must pay federal tax on income that is unrelated to their exempt purpose.


Premise: When did Bluey die?

Hypothesis: The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged.


Premise: Which edict freed slaves across most of the Confederacy, but technically not Tennessee?

Hypothesis: When the Emancipation Proclamation was announced, Tennessee was mostly held by Union forces.


Premise: According to many western countries, why have Eritrean authorities detained an unknown number of people?

Hypothesis: According to Human Rights Watch, the government's human rights record is considered among the worst in the world.


Premise: What does the name Shu refer to?

Hypothesis: The name Shu continues to be used to refer to Sichuan in subsequent periods in Chinese history up to the present day.


Premise: What did conservative Muslim clerics accuse Gaddafi of?

Hypothesis: With preceding legal institutions abolished, Gaddafi envisioned the Jamahiriya as following the Qur'an for legal guidance, adopting sharia law; he proclaimed "man-made" laws unnatural and dictatorial, only permitting Allah's law.


Premise: In which Era was this finding most significant?

Hypothesis: This meant that the electrical recording characteristics of Western Electric licensees such as Columbia Records and Victor Talking Machine Company in the 1925 era had a higher amplitude in the midrange region.


Premise: When did President Kennedy issue Executive Order 11114?

Hypothesis: In June 1963, President Kennedy continued his policy of affirmative action by issuing another mandate, Executive Order 11114.


Premise: What writing mentions the Arian accusation that Athanasius was under aged?

Hypothesis: However Cornelius Clifford places his birth no earlier than 296 and no later than 298, based on the fact that Athanasius indicates no first hand recollection of the Maximian persecution of 303, which he suggests Athanasius would have remembered if he had been ten years old at the time.


Premise: What is the most prominent theater in Uruguay?

Hypothesis: Uruguayan tango is a unique form of dance that originated in the neighbourhoods of Montevideo towards the end of the 1800s.


Premise: What positive integer is used to divide the sum of two positive integers in modular mathematics?

Hypothesis: For any modulus, n, the set of integers from 0 to n − 1 forms a group under modular addition: the inverse of any element a is n − a, and 0 is the identity element.


Premise: How many more votes did Studdard have at the finale?

Hypothesis: Out of a total of 24 million votes, Studdard finished just 134,000 votes ahead of Aiken.


Premise: In May 2010, who scrapped British Airways's plans to add a sixth terminal and another runway?

Hypothesis: Eight airports use the word London in their name, but most traffic passes through six of these.


Premise: Danelaw, established by the Vikings, covered what  geographical area?

Hypothesis: It was an area of political and geographical control imposed by the Viking incursions which was formally agreed to by the Danish warlord, Guthrum and west-Saxon king, Alfred the Great in 886 AD.


Premise: Where did project lantern open an office

Hypothesis: The IJM used the grant money to found "Project Lantern" and established an office in the Philippines city of Cebu.


Premise: Prior to Kennedy v. Louisiana, how many states criminalized child rape?

Hypothesis: However, three states maintained the death penalty for child rape, as the Coker decision only imposed a ban on executions for the rape of an adult woman.


Premise: What percentage of Congolese citizens identify as Awakening Lutherans?

Hypothesis: Followers of Islam make up 1.6%, and this is primarily due to an influx of foreign workers into the urban centers.


Premise: When was a Seismic Risk Analysis published?

Hypothesis: In 2002, Chinese geologist Chen Xuezhong published a Seismic Risk Analysis study in which he came to the conclusion that beginning with 2003, attention should be paid to the possibility of an earthquake with a magnitude of over 7.0 occurring in Sichuan region.


Premise: What is the driest country in sub-Saharan Africa?

Hypothesis: Namibia is the driest country in sub-Saharan Africa and depends largely on groundwater.


Premise: who was a professor of the University of Washington?

Hypothesis: Van Praag writes that these "tributary missions" were simply prompted by China's need for horses from Tibet, since a viable horse market in Mongol lands was closed as a result of incessant conflict.


Premise: After whom are the Marshall Islands named?

Hypothesis: The islands derive their name from British explorer John Marshall, who visited in 1788.


Premise: Who was the President of the United States in 1939?

Hypothesis: A strong bond of friendship was forged between the King and Queen and the President during the tour, which had major significance in the relations between the United States and the United Kingdom through the ensuing war years.


Premise: What institution is accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools?

Hypothesis: Although technically not a university, the FAA's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center has many aspects of an institution of higher learning.


Premise: How long did the inflationary pressure continue?

Hypothesis: At those times when John was preparing for campaigns in Normandy, for example, huge quantities of silver had to be withdrawn from the economy and stored for months, which unintentionally resulted in periods during which silver coins were simply hard to come by, commercial credit difficult to acquire and deflationary pressure placed on the economy.


Premise: How many families did mammals consist of as of 2006?

Hypothesis: These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders.


Premise: What group did General Ducrot command?

Hypothesis: He told General Abel Douay, commander of the 2nd Division, on 1 August that "The information I have received makes me suppose that the enemy has no considerable forces very near his advance posts, and has no desire to take the offensive".


Premise: How did the Ciccone siblings behaved towards anyone brought to their home to replace their beloved mother?

Hypothesis: Terrified that her father Tony could be taken from her as well, Madonna was often unable to sleep unless she was near him.


Premise: What color of clothing were merchants that had registered with the state forced to wear?

Hypothesis: Unlike slaves, retainers could come and go from their master's home as they pleased.


Premise: Between 1892-1924, how many immigrants came through Ellis Island?

Hypothesis: By 1900, Germans constituted the largest immigrant group, followed by the Irish, Jews, and Italians.


Premise: Madonna's album topped in how many countries chart worldwide?

Hypothesis: The next year, Madonna was featured in the film Who's That Girl.


Premise: When was the city listed on the National Register of historic Places?

Hypothesis: Among these homes are a number of kit houses built in the early 20th century.


Premise: Besides the Greeks, what other culture contributed to the study of botany?

Hypothesis: Important contributions from the medieval Muslim world include Ibn Wahshiyya's Nabatean Agriculture, Abū Ḥanīfa Dīnawarī's (828–896) the Book of Plants, and Ibn Bassal's The Classification of Soils.


Premise: When was Brasilia founded?

Hypothesis: It was founded on April 21, 1960, to serve as the new national capital.


Premise: The complete historical file of the digitized paper of The Times is online and published by what publisher?

Hypothesis: A complete historical file of the digitized paper is online from Gage Cengage publisher.


Premise: After guns firing ballistic munitions lost their appeal, what weapon took their place?

Hypothesis: Targets are not always easy to destroy; nonetheless, damaged aircraft may be forced to abort their mission and, even if they manage to return and land in friendly territory, may be out of action for days or permanently.


Premise: What word means that bacteria won't grow on a substrate?

Hypothesis: Copper is biostatic, meaning bacteria will not grow on it.


Premise: Who discovered Neptune?

Hypothesis: Unexpected changes in the orbit of Uranus led Alexis Bouvard to deduce that its orbit was subject to gravitational perturbation by an unknown planet.


Premise: What significantly increased the magnates wealth?

Hypothesis: Magnates often received gifts from monarchs, which significantly increased their wealth.


Premise: How many kilometers does the administrative region cover?

Hypothesis: The administrative region covers 12,012 km² (4,638 mi²), with approximately 12 million inhabitants as of 2014, and has its own regional council and president.


Premise: Which architects in the US and Britain still employ the Georgian style for private residences?

Hypothesis: Versions of the Neo-Georgian style were commonly used in Britain for certain types of urban architecture until the late 1950s, Bradshaw Gass & Hope's Police Headquarters in Salford of 1958 being a good example.


Premise: How long is the Portugal-Spain border?

Hypothesis: It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, being bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east.


Premise: When did the Governing Council define price stability?

Hypothesis: The Governing Council in October 1998 defined price stability as inflation of under 2%, “a year-on-year increase in the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) for the euro area of below 2%” and added that price stability ”was to be maintained over the medium term”.


Premise: How many versions of the Hiram myth are there?

Hypothesis: During these three rituals, the candidate is progressively taught the meanings of the Lodge symbols, and entrusted with grips, signs and words to signify to other Masons that he has been so initiated.


Premise: Where did the Great Awakenings increase interest in Evangelicalism?

Hypothesis: It gained great momentum in the 18th and 19th centuries with the emergence of Methodism and the Great Awakenings in Britain and North America.


Premise: A good deal of technical and financial direction for the upstream came from what entity?

Hypothesis: Traditionally, Shell was a heavily decentralised business worldwide (especially in the downstream) with companies in over 100 countries, each of which operated with a high degree of independence.


Premise: Who built the first electric elevator?

Hypothesis: His elevator ran faster and with larger loads than hydraulic or steam elevators, and 584 electric elevators were installed before Sprague sold his company to the Otis Elevator Company in 1895.


Premise: By 1874, how many passengers were coming to Atlantic City by rail each year?

Hypothesis: By 1874, almost 500,000 passengers a year were coming to Atlantic City by rail.


Premise: What are the two main native Alaskan language families?

Hypothesis: Most of Alaska's native languages belong to either the Eskimo–Aleut or Na-Dene language families however some languages are thought to be isolates (e.g. Haida) or have not yet been classified (e.g. Tsimshianic).


Premise: Where does the word her derive from in german?

Hypothesis: , the Polish "rycerz" ("knight", cognate of the German "Ritter") and the Polish "herb" ("coat of arms", from the German "Erbe", "heritage").


Premise: The literary work "The Odyssey:, was written by whom?

Hypothesis: These states and their colonies reached great levels of prosperity that resulted in an unprecedented cultural boom, that of classical Greece, expressed in architecture, drama, science, mathematics and philosophy.


Premise: When did the U.S. House first pass a financial reform bill?

Hypothesis: The U.S. Senate passed a reform bill in May 2010, following the House which passed a bill in December 2009.


Premise: How many square feet of office space did Houston have in Uptown in 2002?

Hypothesis: Since 2000 more than 30 high-rise buildings have gone up in Houston; all told, 72 high-rises tower over the city, which adds up to about 8,300 units.


Premise: What word means using a single unaccompanied vocal melody line?

Hypothesis: During the earlier medieval period, the vocal music from the liturgical genre, predominantly Gregorian chant, was monophonic, using a single, unaccompanied vocal melody line.


Premise: In what year did the number of United Kingdom pubs generally start to decline?

Hypothesis: The number of pubs in the UK has declined year on year, at least since 1982.


Premise: When did Neptune complete it's first barycentric orbit since it's discovery?

Hypothesis: Because of the motion of the Sun in relation to the barycentre of the Solar System, on 11 July Neptune was also not at its exact discovery position in relation to the Sun; if the more common heliocentric coordinate system is used, the discovery longitude was reached on 12 July 2011.


Premise: The William Enston Home was built in what year?

Hypothesis: An elaborate public building, the United States Post Office and Courthouse, was completed by the federal government in 1896 in the heart of the city.


Premise: Where did Apollo go in winter?

Hypothesis: However, the Greeks thought of the two qualities as complementary: the two gods are brothers, and when Apollo at winter left for Hyperborea, he would leave the Delphic oracle to Dionysus.


Premise: Who are some of the famous Irish Mandolinists?

Hypothesis: The Irish guitarist Rory Gallagher often played the mandolin on stage, and he most famously used it in the song "Going To My Hometown."


Premise: What numbers does Catalan have?

Hypothesis: Pronouns are also inflected for case, animacy[citation needed] and politeness, and can be combined in very complex ways.


Premise: What did many investigate

Hypothesis: The grants were in the order of 400,000 USD for their first phase, followed by typically 1-3 million USD for their second phase; many of them investigated resource recovery or processing technologies for excreta or fecal sludge.


Premise: Peter Bradshaw held what position in youtube?

Hypothesis: In a video posted on July 21, 2009, YouTube software engineer Peter Bradshaw announced that YouTube users can now upload 3D videos.


Premise: How long had the time to maturity been previously?

Hypothesis: Previously the longest tender offered was three months.


Premise: What did the FSF feel that Apple was trying to monopolize on?

Hypothesis: After four years, the case was decided against Apple, as were later appeals.


Premise: What was the first song released by Candice Glover after winning American Idol?

Hypothesis: Glover is the first female to win American Idol since Jordin Sparks.


Premise: The scientific paper, What the frog's eye tells the frog's brain was released in what year?

Hypothesis: One of the most influential early contributions was a 1959 paper titled What the frog's eye tells the frog's brain: the paper examined the visual responses of neurons in the retina and optic tectum of frogs, and came to the conclusion that some neurons in the tectum of the frog are wired to combine elementary responses in a way that makes them function as "bug perceivers".


Premise: What was the business state of Marvel by 2000?

Hypothesis: In 2001, Marvel withdrew from the Comics Code Authority and established its own Marvel Rating System for comics.


Premise: When was the first computer worm released?

Hypothesis: On November 2, 1988, many started to slow down, because they were running a malicious code that demanded processor time and that spread itself to other computers – the first internet "computer worm".


Premise: Who does Scout revere above everyone else?

Hypothesis: Despite challenging the town's systems, Scout reveres Atticus as an authority above all others, because he believes that following one's conscience is the highest priority, even when the result is social ostracism.


Premise: What did Elizabeth's mother later say that Philip was?

Hypothesis: Marion Crawford wrote, "Some of the King's advisors did not think him good enough for her.


Premise: What event led to Russia being renamed the Russian Federation?

Hypothesis: This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constitution of Russia.


Premise: Vibrato and glissando are possible on stringed, brass, woodwind and what other style instrument?

Hypothesis: The performer and/or the conductor have a range of options for musical expression and interpretation of a scored piece, including the phrasing of melodies, the time taken during fermatas (held notes) or pauses, and the use (or choice not to use) of effects such as vibrato or glissando (these effects are possible on various stringed, brass and woodwind instruments and with the human voice).


Premise: What did St. Augustine comment on in Book 11, regarding thinking about time?

Hypothesis: He goes on to comment on the difficulty of thinking about time, pointing out the inaccuracy of common speech: "For but few things are there of which we speak properly; of most things we speak improperly, still the things intended are understood."


Premise: Which philosopher is quoted by the Catechism?

Hypothesis: While the term "law" is never explicitly defined in the Code, the Catechism of the Catholic Church cites Aquinas in defining law as "...an ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgated by the one who is in charge of the community" and reformulates it as "...a rule of conduct enacted by competent authority for the sake of the common good."


Premise: What major war stimulated the New Haven economy by way of industrial goods purchased through the New Haven Arms Company?

Hypothesis: The American Civil War boosted the local economy with wartime purchases of industrial goods, including that of the New Haven Arms Company, which would later become the Winchester Repeating Arms Company.


Premise: What allowed for a parity bit for error chicking if needed?

Hypothesis: Since perforated tape at the time could record eight bits in one position, it also allowed for a parity bit for error checking if desired.:217, 236 § 5 Eight-bit machines (with octets as the native data type) that did not use parity checking typically set the eighth bit to 0.


Premise: How many people in the Bronx are black (not including Hispanic)?

Hypothesis: Blacks of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin represented over one-third (35.4%) of the Bronx's population.


Premise: What is one possible serious side effect of over-using antibiotics?

Hypothesis: Some scientists have hypothesized that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota and this has been associated with chronic disease.


Premise: During waht centuries did the Western Chalukya rule?

Hypothesis: During this period the other major ruling families of the Deccan, the Hoysalas, the Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri, the Kakatiya dynasty and the Southern Kalachuri, were subordinates of the Western Chalukyas and gained their independence only when the power of the Chalukya waned during the later half of the 12th century.


Premise: In what year were the various versions of the Catholic mass finally synthesized?

Hypothesis: In 2007, Pope Benedict XVI clarified that the 1962 Mass of John XXIII and the 1970 Mass of Paul VI are two forms of the same Roman Rite, the first, which had never been "juridically abrogated", now being an "extraordinary form of the Roman Rite", while the other "obviously is and continues to be the normal Form – the Forma ordinaria – of the Eucharistic Liturgy".


Premise: Hysteria and loss of control after the birts of many of her children were likely caused by what?

Hypothesis: Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child, Beatrice, despite opposition from members of the clergy, who considered it against biblical teaching, and members of the medical profession, who thought it dangerous.


Premise: What is used as a warning against intermarriage between Jews and Canaanites?

Hypothesis: Interpretations of sections of the Tanakh, such as Deuteronomy 7:1–5, by Jewish sages, are used as a warning against intermarriage between Jews and Canaanites because "[the non-Jewish husband] will cause your child to turn away from Me and they will worship the gods (i.e., idols) of others."


Premise: What was causing the confusion and incompatibility of the code points?

Hypothesis: However, the four years that elapsed between the publication of ASCII-1963 and ISO's first acceptance of an international recommendation during 1967 caused ASCII's choices for the national use characters to seem to be de facto standards for the world, causing confusion and incompatibility once other countries did begin to make their own assignments to these code points.


Premise: Who resolved the problem of adequate axiomatization of set theory?

Hypothesis: The problem of an adequate axiomatization of set theory was resolved implicitly about twenty years later by Ernst Zermelo and Abraham Fraenkel.


Premise: About how much area do forests cover the state?

Hypothesis: Many species of mushrooms and lichens are also found in the state.


Premise: What state does it border to the west?

Hypothesis: It is the fourth largest state in the United States after Alaska, Texas, and California; the largest landlocked U.S. state; and the 56th largest national state/province subdivision in the world.


Premise: In medieval Europe who obtained sole rights to hunt in certain areas?

Hypothesis: Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen, but it was also expected to provide a form of recreation for the aristocracy.


Premise: Which large body of water does Galicia border?

Hypothesis: It had a population of 2,765,940 in 2013 and has a total area of 29,574 km2 (11,419 sq mi).


Premise: Which ideologies did the Soviet Union aspire to lead around the globe?

Hypothesis: The strategy behind the formation of the Warsaw Pact was driven by the desire of the Soviet Union to dominate Central and Eastern Europe.


Premise: who wrote A dream of Red Mansions?

Hypothesis: One of the most famous works of Chinese literature, A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin (1715–1763), was about the lives of noble women who passed their lives out of public sight within the walls of such mansions.