Premise: What did post-punk artists feel there was an imperative to constantly do?

Hypothesis: The term "post-punk" was first used by journalists in the late 1970s to describe groups moving beyond punk's sonic template into disparate areas.


Premise: What was the architectural style of the Chalukyas?

Hypothesis: This was an important period in the development of fine arts in Southern India, especially in literature as the Western Chalukya kings encouraged writers in the native language of Kannada, and Sanskrit like the philosopher and statesman Basava and the great mathematician Bhāskara II.


Premise: What is the strongest form of discipline the Jehovah Witnesses' judicial committee can render?

Hypothesis: When a baptized member is accused of committing a serious sin—usually cases of sexual misconduct or charges of apostasy for disputing Jehovah's Witness doctrines—a judicial committee is formed to determine guilt, provide help and possibly administer discipline.


Premise: When did Prince Albert die?

Hypothesis: Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840.


Premise: Along with smooth soul and quiet storm, what genre influenced adult contemporary R&B?

Hypothesis: It is a form of neo soul R&B that places emphasis on songcraft and sophistication.


Premise: How many companies did Apple promise were develping products for the new computer?

Hypothesis: Although outselling every other computer, it did not meet expectations during the first year, especially among business customers.


Premise: What was Vitruvius' profession?

Hypothesis: An equivalent in modern English would be:


Premise: What did the state council set up in 2008?

Hypothesis: The plan is to arrange 19 eastern and central province and municipalitie to help 18 counties, on "one province to one affected county" basis.


Premise: What in Jalilibad was taken over by the Popular Front?

Hypothesis: On September 25, they passed a sovereignty law that gave precedence to Azerbaijani law, and on October 4, the Popular Front was permitted to register as a legal organization as long as it lifted the blockade.


Premise: Who is considered to have been the one that founded Illuminationist philosophy?

Hypothesis: Other influential Muslim philosophers include al-Jahiz, a pioneer in evolutionary thought; Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), a pioneer of phenomenology and the philosophy of science and a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy and Aristotle's concept of place (topos);


Premise: Loose soil from lack of trees along the river bed resulted in?

Hypothesis: In addition, wolves often kept animals from grazing in riparian areas, which protected beavers from having their food sources encroached upon.


Premise: What do you have to agree to with Netflix before you can use their service on PlayStation 3?

Hypothesis: Initially users had to use a free Blu-ray disc to access the service; however, in October 2010 the requirement to use a disc to gain access was removed.


Premise: What does Oklahoma mean?

Hypothesis: Equivalent to the English word Indian, okla humma was a phrase in the Choctaw language used to describe Native American people as a whole.


Premise: A play that results in what outcome will never also be a scoring play?

Hypothesis: If the original penalty yardage would have resulted in a first down or moving the ball past the goal line, a first down is awarded.


Premise: What other Slavic languages did the Cryptologic Spectrum conclude Tito spoke?

Hypothesis: In 2013 a lot of media coverage was given to unclassified NSA's study in Cryptologic Spectrum that concluded that Tito did not speak the language as a native, and had features of other Slavic languages (Russian and Polish).


Premise: What 2005 publication in its third edition kept to that ruling?

Hypothesis: In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal.


Premise: When did Tito meet Eisenhower at the U.N.?

Hypothesis: In the autumn of 1960


Premise: In what year did Schwarzenegger speak at the Republican National Convention?

Hypothesis: At the 2004 Republican National Convention, Schwarzenegger gave a speech and explained why he was a Republican:


Premise: How many British troops died at the Massacre of Chumik Shenko?

Hypothesis: In 1904, a British expedition to Tibet, spurred in part by a fear that Russia was extending its power into Tibet as part of The Great Game, invaded the country, hoping that negotiations with the 13th Dalai Lama would be more effective than with Chinese representatives.


Premise: Approximately how many residents make up the population of downtown New Haven?

Hypothesis: Downtown New Haven, occupied by nearly 7,000 residents, has a more residential character than most downtowns.


Premise: What distinguishes Federalism from other types of government?

Hypothesis: Its distinctive feature, exemplified in the founding example of modern federalism of the United States of America under the Constitution of 1789, is a relationship of parity between the two levels of government established.


Premise: How many lions are found on the Golden Boot?

Hypothesis: Two of the lions are found above the handles on either side of the trophy – the third is symbolised by the captain of the title winning team as he raises the trophy, and its gold crown, above his head at the end of the season.


Premise: Who were some of the people striking in 1978-1979?

Hypothesis: But during the winter of 1978–79 there were widespread strikes among lorry drivers, railway workers, car workers and local government and hospital workers in favour of higher pay-rises that caused significant disruption to everyday life.


Premise: Who said the Aboriginal people started to embrace their ancestry?

Hypothesis: During this period many Aboriginal activists began to embrace the term "black" and use their ancestry as a source of pride.


Premise: How can botany be applied to the construction industry?

Hypothesis: Botanical research has diverse applications in providing staple foods, materials such as timber, oil, rubber, fibre and drugs, in modern horticulture, agriculture and forestry, plant propagation, breeding and genetic modification, in the synthesis of chemicals and raw materials for construction and energy production, in environmental management, and the maintenance of biodiversity.


Premise: Have the origins of the szlachta been clear or obscure?

Hypothesis: (by contrast, the peasantry were said to be the offspring of another son of Noah, Ham—and hence subject to bondage under the Curse of Ham—and the Jews as the offspring of Shem).


Premise: What are Tucson's typical winter low temperatures?

Hypothesis: Daytime highs in the winter range between 64 and 75 °F (18 and 24 °C), with overnight lows between 30 and 44 °F (−1 and 7 °C).


Premise: What was New Haven's last professional sports team?

Hypothesis: When John DeStefano, Jr., became mayor of New Haven in 1995, he outlined a plan to transform the city into a major cultural and arts center in the Northeast, which involved investments in programs and projects other than sports franchises.


Premise: From what period do researchers believe that the oldest known full-body impression of a flying insect originates?

Hypothesis: In 2008, researchers at Tufts University uncovered what they believe is the world's oldest known full-body impression of a primitive flying insect, a 300 million-year-old specimen from the Carboniferous period.


Premise: Does Triangle Transit have a van service?

Hypothesis: Triangle Transit also coordinates an extensive vanpool and rideshare program that serves the region's larger employers and commute destinations.


Premise: What is Central Catalan?

Hypothesis: Central Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language.


Premise: In such competitions what are the chickens juged on? What attibutes are considered viable?

Hypothesis: Sometimes, poultry shows are part of general livestock shows, and sometimes they are separate events such as the annual "National Championship Show" in the United Kingdom organised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain.


Premise: How big is Midtown's population?

Hypothesis: The Eastern Market farmer's distribution center is the largest open-air flowerbed market in the United States and has more than 150 foods and specialty businesses.


Premise: What is the name of the scholarly legal publication at Northwestern School of Law?

Hypothesis: The Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property is a law review published by an independent student organization at Northwestern University School of Law.


Premise: Where did Kim Il-Sung temporarily move the capital?

Hypothesis: Kim Il Sung and his government temporarily moved its capital to Sinuiju – although as UNC forces approached, the government again moved – this time to Kanggye.


Premise: Where would the Church of St Stephen be located today?

Hypothesis: The mosaics of the Church of St Stephen in ancient Kastron Mefaa (now Umm ar-Rasas) were made in 785 (discovered after 1986).


Premise: How long can it take for patents to be approved after initially being filed?

Hypothesis: As a result, patents required to implement MP3 expired in most countries by December 2012, 21 years after the publication of ISO CD 11172.


Premise: What often caused strife between Greek states?

Hypothesis: Lack of political unity within Greece resulted in frequent conflict between Greek states.


Premise: Which boroughs was the Mexico City borough split into?

Hypothesis: In 1941, the General Anaya borough was merged to the Central Department, which was then renamed "Mexico City" (thus reviving the name, but not the autonomous municipality).


Premise: How many royal parks are located in the center of London?

Hypothesis: The largest parks in the central area of London are three of the eight Royal Parks, namely Hyde Park and its neighbour Kensington Gardens in the west, and Regent's Park to the north.


Premise: What ice age signaled the end of the normal climate in the Ordovician period?

Hypothesis: The ice age was probably not as long-lasting as once thought; study of oxygen isotopes in fossil brachiopods shows that it was probably no longer than 0.5 to 1.5 million years.


Premise: how many ghost towns are in the state of Kansas?

Hypothesis: There are more than 6,000 ghost towns in the state of Kansas alone, according to Kansas historian Daniel Fitzgerald.


Premise: Who noted Gaddafi's opposition to apartheid?

Hypothesis: Nelson Mandela expressed sadness at the news, praising Gaddafi for his anti-apartheid stance, remarking that he backed the African National Congress during "the darkest moments of our struggle".


Premise: Prior to spreading, how hot is mastic asphalt heated?

Hypothesis: Mastic asphalt is a type of asphalt which differs from dense graded asphalt (asphalt concrete) in that it has a higher asphalt/bitumen (binder) content, usually around 7–10% of the whole aggregate mix, as opposed to rolled asphalt concrete, which has only around 5% added asphalt/bitumen.


Premise: What body replaced the War Plans Division?

Hypothesis: He was appointed Deputy Chief in charge of Pacific Defenses under the Chief of War Plans Division (WPD), General Leonard T. Gerow, and then succeeded Gerow as Chief of the War Plans Division.


Premise: What kind of  shifts are taking place in Catalan speaking areas?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, there are several language shift processes currently taking place.


Premise: Due to increased unemployment, who mainly opposed the Shah's regime?

Hypothesis: By the late 1970s, many of these people opposed the Shah's regime and began to organize and join the protests against it.


Premise: Who controlled San Diego's charter for 2 years after it was revoked by California legislature?

Hypothesis: That same year San Diego was designated the seat of the newly established San Diego County and was incorporated as a city.


Premise: Traditionally, what political spectrum did The Times support?

Hypothesis: It has been heavily used by scholars and researchers because of its widespread availability in libraries and its detailed index.


Premise: In what year was Hugh Wood born?

Hypothesis: It merged with the Northern College of Music (formed in 1920) to form the Royal Northern College of Music in 1972.


Premise: What is the annual cost of a Live Gold membership in USD?

Hypothesis: An Xbox Live Gold account has an annual cost of US$59.99, C$59.99, NZ$90.00, GB£39.99, or €59.99.


Premise: What kind of music is sold by these companies?

Hypothesis: Unauthorized MP3 file sharing continues on next-generation peer-to-peer networks.


Premise: What cities contest to being the original home of the semi?

Hypothesis: A plan for this exists dated 1794, where "the whole development consists of pairs of semi-detached houses, So far as I know, this is the first recorded scheme of the kind".


Premise: John XXIII became the first pope to receive what title?

Hypothesis: Cousins, meanwhile, travelled to New York City and ensured that John would become Time magazine's 'Man of the Year'.


Premise: Where is Bir Tawil located?

Hypothesis: In the last three of these, international treaties (the Antarctic Treaty, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and the Outer Space Treaty respectively) prevent colonization and potential statehood of any of these uninhabited (and, given current technology, not permanently inhabitable) territories.


Premise: What was the last British colony remaining in Africa?

Hypothesis: British withdrawal from the southern and eastern parts of Africa was not a peaceful process.


Premise: How many square miles in NYC?

Hypothesis: The city's total area is 468.9 square miles (1,214 km2).


Premise: How many AA Sections were defending Britain by December 1916?

Hypothesis: By December 1916 there were 183 AA Sections defending Britain (most with the 3-inch), 74 with the BEF in France and 10 in the Middle East.


Premise: What resembles an actual person's handwriting?

Hypothesis: Regular script typefaces are often used to teach students Chinese characters, and often aim to match the standard forms of the region where they are meant to be used.


Premise: Who painted The Night Cafe?

Hypothesis: These studies were avidly followed by artists such as Vincent van Gogh.


Premise: What types of crops does Portugal produce?

Hypothesis: Agriculture in Portugal is based on small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units.


Premise: What part of Universal's business was terminated while it was in bankruptcy?

Hypothesis: Taking on the task of modernizing and upgrading a film conglomerate in the depths of the depression was risky, and for a time Universal slipped into receivership.


Premise: How long have ducks possibly been in domesticated domicile with humans?

Hypothesis: Clay models of ducks found in China dating back to 4000 BC may indicate the domestication of ducks took place there during the Yangshao culture.


Premise: Who is the next highest goal scorer after Mess?

Hypothesis: He is the record goalscorer for Barcelona in European (82 goals) and international club competitions (90 goals), and the record league scorer with 305 goals in La Liga.


Premise: How is the Greek word parousia translated when referring to Christ?

Hypothesis: Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus Christ began to rule in heaven as king of God's kingdom in October 1914, and that Satan was subsequently ousted from heaven to the earth, resulting in "woe" to humanity.


Premise: What programs created by FDR helped North Carolina during the Great Depression?

Hypothesis: After World War II, the state's economy grew rapidly, highlighted by the growth of such cities as Charlotte, Raleigh, and Durham in the Piedmont.


Premise: Who made the call to sell Alaska?

Hypothesis: Therefore, the Russian emperor, Alexander II, decided to sell Alaska.


Premise: How many core functions did the Air Force reduce its duties down to recently?

Hypothesis: These core functions express the ways in which the Air Force is particularly and appropriately suited to contribute to national security, but they do not necessarily express every aspect of what the Air Force contributes to the nation.


Premise: What is the air defence of a certain area called?

Hypothesis: An example of area defence is the defence of Saudi Arabia and Israel by MIM-104 Patriot missile batteries during the first Gulf War, where the objective was to cover populated areas.


Premise: What is one of the types of Authorized Badges in the USAF?

Hypothesis: Authorized badges include the Shields of USAF Fire Protection, and Security Forces, and the Missile Badge (or "pocket rocket"), which is earned after working in a missile system maintenance or missile operations capacity for at least one year.


Premise: How many times is it suggested that you should warn people you are in disagreement with before parting ways?

Hypothesis: According to Titus 3:10 a divisive person should be warned two times before separating from him.


Premise: How many pavilion are part of New Haven Hospital?

Hypothesis: The New Haven area supports several medical facilities that are considered some of the best hospitals in the country.


Premise: At the lowest level of the brain and spinal cord, are what areas?

Hypothesis: At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing.


Premise: Where does Laulupidu usually take place?

Hypothesis: In addition, Youth Song Festivals are also held every four or five years, the last of them in 2011, and the next is scheduled for 2017.


Premise: What did the MoU make the manufacturers agree to do?

Hypothesis: The EU's common EPS specification (EN 62684:2010) references the USB Battery Charging standard and is similar to the GSMA/OMTP and Chinese charging solutions.


Premise: The word "Hellenistic" was derived in what time period?

Hypothesis: "Hellenistic" is a modern word and a 19th-century concept; the idea of a Hellenistic period did not exist in Ancient Greece.


Premise: In 2004, Southampton's contribution to the regional economy had almost doubled from what it was in what year?

Hypothesis: The vast majority of this is from the service sector, with the remainder coming from industry in the city.


Premise: What area was the site of the first action in the Seven Years' War

Hypothesis: Reluctantly, by following the imperial diet, most of the states of the empire joined Austria's cause.


Premise: How many students does the University of Fribourg have?

Hypothesis: The faculty of theology at the University of Fribourg, confided to the care of the Dominicans in 1890, is flourishing, and has about 250 students.


Premise: Who is the current president of Portugal?

Hypothesis: The Government is headed by the Prime Minister (currently António Costa) and includes Ministers and Secretaries of State.


Premise: Queen Victoria and Prince Albert had how many more children after Victoria's birth?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, over the following seventeen years, she and Albert had a further eight children: Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (b. 1841), Alice (b. 1843), Alfred (b. 1844), Helena (b. 1846), Louise (b. 1848), Arthur (b. 1850), Leopold (b. 1853) and Beatrice (b. 1857).


Premise: In what year did construction finish on the Plymouth Sound Breakwater?

Hypothesis: The 1-mile-long (2 km) Breakwater in Plymouth Sound was designed by John Rennie in order to protect the fleet moving in and out of Devonport; work started in 1812.


Premise: How many cyclones effected Tuvalu during the 1996-97  cyclone season?

Hypothesis: Along with a tropical depression that affected the islands a few days later, Severe Tropical Cyclone Ofa had a major impact on Tuvalu with most islands reporting damage to vegetation and crops.


Premise: How many graduate and professional programs are offered by Northwestern?

Hypothesis: Accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools and the respective national professional organizations for chemistry, psychology, business, education, journalism, music, engineering, law, and medicine, the university offers 124 undergraduate programs and 145 graduate and professional programs.


Premise: Why did the temporary cessation of game broadcasts occur?

Hypothesis: The NFL Network ceased airing Arena Football League games partway through the 2012 season as a result of ongoing labor problems within the league.


Premise: The devastating wreck of the flotilla is said to have inspired what playwrite?

Hypothesis: (William Shakespeare's play The Tempest, in which the character Ariel refers to the "still-vex'd Bermoothes" (I.ii.229), is thought to have been inspired by William Strachey's account of this shipwreck.)


Premise: Whats the typical age range for pre-school?

Hypothesis: These are also known as nursery schools and as kindergarten, except in the US, where kindergarten is a term used for primary education.[citation needed] Kindergarten "provide[s] a child-centered, preschool curriculum for three- to seven-year-old children that aim[s] at unfolding the child's physical, intellectual, and moral nature with balanced emphasis on each of them."


Premise: What did Bermuda's merchant shipping fleet do whenever it had the chance?

Hypothesis: Once known as "the Gibraltar of the West" and "Fortress Bermuda", Bermuda today is defended by forces of the British government.


Premise: What stock character lived with her white father until he left the picture?

Hypothesis: The Northern mill owner would not sell his own children into slavery.


Premise: Who was involved merger of the smaller states into the two largest factions of Myanmar ?

Hypothesis: In the west, a politically fragmented Arakan was under competing influences of its stronger neighbours until the Kingdom of Mrauk U unified the Arakan coastline for the first time in 1437.


Premise: When did the torch visit New Delhi?

Hypothesis: Indian film star Aamir Khan states on his personal blog that the "Olympic Games do not belong to China" and confirms taking part in the torch relay "with a prayer in his heart for the people of Tibet, and ... for all people across the world who are victims of human rights violations".


Premise: When did the Islamic Golden age start?

Hypothesis: During this period, the Muslim world was a collection of cultures; they drew together and advanced the knowledge gained from the ancient Greek, Roman, Persian, Chinese, Indian, Egyptian, and Phoenician civilizations.


Premise: What is thought to be the modern name of the island Legazpi called Los Barbudos?

Hypothesis: The Spanish ship San Pedro and two other vessels in an expedition commanded by Miguel López de Legazpi discovered an island on January 9, 1530, possibly Mejit, at 10°N, which they named "Los Barbudos".


Premise: Who in the generation following the "To Secure These Rights" findings sign legislation for affirmative action into law?

Hypothesis: These Rights set the liberal legislative agenda for the next generation that eventually would be signed into law by Lyndon B. Johnson.:35–36


Premise: Where can one find the Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery?

Hypothesis: The Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery, located inside the Bhrikutimandap Exhibition grounds, hosts the work of contemporary painters and sculptors, and regularly organizes exhibitions.


Premise: This caused a stir in deciding who should enter first and who should do what?

Hypothesis: When Nicholas II of Russia visited the Hotel Adlon in Berlin, his courtiers panicked about who would enter the elevator first, and who would press the buttons.


Premise: What was Paris known as in Latin?

Hypothesis: According to tradition, it was brought by Saint Denis, the first Bishop of Paris.


Premise: What was evacuated in Beijing?

Hypothesis: Reporters in Chengdu said they saw cracks on walls of some residential buildings in the downtown areas, but no buildings collapsed.


Premise: What will a treaty be if it is in violation of a peremptory norm?

Hypothesis: These norms, unlike other principles of customary law, are recognized as permitting no violations and so cannot be altered through treaty obligations.


Premise: At least how many American aircraft were shot down between 1945 and 1948?

Hypothesis: From 1945 to 1948, at least four US aircraft were shot down.[better source needed]


Premise: Who felt that the government was involved in the website?

Hypothesis: However, foreign correspondents in Beijing voiced suspicions that Anti-cnn may be a semi-government-made website.


Premise: Wy did records outside of the US often have small holes with the ability to punch out the center?

Hypothesis: RCA 45s were also adapted to the smaller spindle of an LP player with a plastic snap-in insert known as a "spider".


Premise: Where else can one see a theater performance?

Hypothesis: In 2008, a new theatre space, the Meymandi Theatre at the Murphey School, was opened in the restored auditorium of the historic Murphey School.


Premise: Horn Cable Television and Universal TV are examples of what?

Hypothesis: Additionally, Somalia has several private television networks, including Horn Cable Television and Universal TV.


Premise: Who first crossed the Pacific ocean using a solar powered boat?

Hypothesis: In 1975, the first practical solar boat was constructed in England.


Premise: Who was the ruling monarchy when Taungoo, was vassal?

Hypothesis: Political unification returned in the mid-16th century, due to the efforts of Taungoo, a former vassal state of Ava.


Premise: Who runs Yale College?

Hypothesis: Yale is organized into fourteen constituent schools: the original undergraduate college, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, and twelve professional schools.


Premise: What percentage of patients infected with tuberculosis died within 5 years?

Hypothesis: The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), the tetracyclines (discovered at Lederle Laboratories, now a part of Pfizer), erythromycin (discovered at Eli Lilly and Co.) and their extension to an increasingly wide range of bacterial pathogens.


Premise: What is the closest historically famous city is 44 miles away?

Hypothesis: Surrounded by Henrico and Chesterfield counties, the city is located at the intersections of Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, and encircled by Interstate 295 and Virginia State Route 288.


Premise: In the medieval period, what buildings were notably built atop older ruins?

Hypothesis: Many of the new architectural designs, such as mosques, were built on the ruins of older structures.


Premise: On what laptops are the sleep-and-charge marked with a non-standard symbol?

Hypothesis: On Acer Inc. and Packard Bell laptops, sleep-and-charge USB ports are marked with a non-standard symbol (the letters USB over a drawing of a battery); the feature is simply called Power-off USB.


Premise: Who releases Link from the Realm of Twilight?

Hypothesis: Link is soon freed by an imp-like Twilight being named Midna, who dislikes Link but agrees to help him if he obeys her unconditionally.


Premise: Currently, contestants can not have a recording track by what stage of the competition?

Hypothesis: The initial age limit was sixteen to twenty-four in the first three seasons, but the upper limit was raised to twenty-eight in season four, and the lower limit was reduced to fifteen in season ten.


Premise: What media conglomerate did Comcast try to buy in 2004?

Hypothesis: The deal would have made Comcast the largest media conglomerate in the world.


Premise: Who protested the involvement of Britain and France in a war with Germany?

Hypothesis: Beginning in September 1939, the Soviet Comintern suspended all anti-Nazi and anti-fascist propaganda, explaining that the war in Europe was a matter of capitalist states attacking each other for imperialist purposes.


Premise: What can imperfective verb undergo to make other imperfective verbs?

Hypothesis: Imperfective verbs may undergo further morphology to make other imperfective verbs (iterative and frequentative forms), denoting repeated or regular action.


Premise: What was Trubetzkoy's title?

Hypothesis: Another important figure in the Prague school was Roman Jakobson, who was one of the most prominent linguists of the 20th century.


Premise: Immigrants from what country were primarily hired by the fishing fleets that supported the canneries??

Hypothesis: A large fishing fleet supported the canneries, mostly staffed by immigrant fishermen from Japan, and later from the Portuguese Azores and Italy whose influence is still felt in neighborhoods like Little Italy and Point Loma.


Premise: What company did Beyoncé's father work for when she was a child?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé Giselle Knowles was born in Houston, Texas, to Celestine Ann "Tina" Knowles (née Beyincé), a hairdresser and salon owner, and Mathew Knowles, a Xerox sales manager.


Premise: Who controls film production in the GDR?

Hypothesis: The Nazi era produced mostly propaganda films although the work of Leni Riefenstahl still introduced new aesthetics in film.


Premise: How will the above mentioned spaceship appear to a stationary observer?

Hypothesis: However, to a stationary observer watching the spaceship fly by, the spaceship appears flattened in the direction it is traveling and the clock on board the spaceship appears to move very slowly.


Premise: What major power of the time was not involved in The Seven Years' War?

Hypothesis: Considered a prelude to the two world wars and the greatest European war since the Thirty Years War of the 17th century, it once again split Europe into two coalitions, led by Great Britain on one side and France on the other.


Premise: How is nociceptive pain classified?

Hypothesis: Nociceptive pain is caused by stimulation of peripheral nerve fibers that respond to stimuli approaching or exceeding harmful intensity (nociceptors), and may be classified according to the mode of noxious stimulation.


Premise: What channel in St. John's airs Out of the Fog?

Hypothesis: CBC has its Newfoundland and Labrador headquarters in the city and their television station CBNT-DT broadcasts from University Avenue.


Premise: Commercial projects in the late period tended to be "architectural" in what way?

Hypothesis: Barracks and other less prestigious buildings could be as functional as the mills and factories that were growing increasingly large by the end of the period.


Premise: In further elaborating on the definition, how did Chalk and Jonassohn phrase the intention of the perpetrator?

Hypothesis: " While there are various definitions of the term, Adam Jones states that the majority of genocide scholars consider that "intent to destroy" is a requirement for any act to be labelled genocide, and that there is growing agreement on the inclusion of the physical destruction criterion.


Premise: What was the name of the Tibetologist?

Hypothesis: The Ming emperors sent invitations to ruling lamas, but the lamas sent subordinates rather than coming themselves, and no Tibetan ruler ever explicitly accepted the role of being a vassal of the Ming.


Premise: Which centres of Switzerland mostly rejected the quota system for foreigners?

Hypothesis: On 9 February 2014, Swiss voters narrowly approved by 50.3% a ballot initiative launched by the national conservative Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC) to restrict immigration, and thus reintroducing a quota system on the influx of foreigners.


Premise: How many degrees off was Adams' prediction?

Hypothesis: Challis later realised that he had observed the planet twice, on 4 and 12 August, but did not recognise it as a planet because he lacked an up-to-date star map and was distracted by his concurrent work on comet observations.


Premise: Who composed a popular Venetian-styled piece in 1675?

Hypothesis: In the Orthodox Church today, as in the early Church, singing is unaccompanied and instrumental music is not found.


Premise: What containers are used for melting?

Hypothesis: The raw materials for laboratory-scale glass melts are often different from those used in mass production because the cost factor has a low priority.


Premise: When did the torch visit Macao?

Hypothesis: The event was held in Macau on May 3.


Premise: Rather than political, what was Victoria's monarchy seen as?

Hypothesis: As Victoria's monarchy became more symbolic than political, it placed a strong emphasis on morality and family values, in contrast to the sexual, financial and personal scandals that had been associated with previous members of the House of Hanover and which had discredited the monarchy.


Premise: When did the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum reach its demise?

Hypothesis: After the demise of the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 14th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of independent, mostly Turkish states, the so-called Ghazi emirates.


Premise: What was the mass of the wuzhu coin?

Hypothesis: Emperor Wu introduced another in 120 BC, but a year later he abandoned the ban liangs entirely in favor of the wuzhu (五銖) coin, weighing 3.2 g (0.11 oz).


Premise: By what name is Mary referred to in the Qur'an?

Hypothesis: The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34.


Premise: In what areas of public service were Eritreans particularly employed?

Hypothesis: Thousands of Eritreans were concurrently enlisted in the army, serving during the Italo-Turkish War in Libya as well as the First and second Italo-Abyssinian Wars.


Premise: How many airlines operate out of Richmond International?

Hypothesis: The Greater Richmond area is served by the Richmond International Airport (IATA: RIC, ICAO: KRIC), located in nearby Sandston, seven miles (11 km) southeast of Richmond and within an hour drive of historic Williamsburg, Virginia.


Premise: What type of household gods and cults did soldiers bring to outer areas?

Hypothesis: Rome's citizen-soldiers set up altars to multiple deities, including their traditional gods, the Imperial genius and local deities – sometimes with the usefully open-ended dedication to the diis deabusque omnibus (all the gods and goddesses).


Premise: What percentage of the ore concentrate is zinc?

Hypothesis: After grinding the ore, froth flotation, which selectively separates minerals from gangue by taking advantage of differences in their hydrophobicity, is used to get an ore concentrate.


Premise: What was Madonna wearing during the performance of "Like A Virgin" at the VMA?

Hypothesis: Madonna was criticized for her performance of "Like a Virgin" at the first 1984 MTV Video Music Awards (VMA).


Premise: Where did the Taliban regroup in 2002?

Hypothesis: In February 2010, Coalition forces launched Operation Moshtarak in southern Afghanistan along with other military offensives in the hopes that they would destroy the Taliban insurgency once and for all.


Premise: Does vinyl record maintain any popularity?

Hypothesis: Many popular new albums are given releases on vinyl records and older albums are also given reissues, sometimes on audiophile-grade vinyl.


Premise: What name did the process take on in Baghdad?

Hypothesis: Its knowledge and uses spread from China through the Middle East to medieval Europe in the 13th century, where the first water powered paper mills were built.


Premise: Under which Scotland Act sections is the royal assent governed?

Hypothesis: The process is governed by sections 28, 32, and 33 of the Scotland Act 1998.


Premise: What kind of genetic material can be produced from retrotransposons?

Hypothesis: Retrotransposons can be divided into Long terminal repeats (LTRs) and


Premise: Futron's Space Competitiveness Index ranked Israel what in 2012?

Hypothesis: Some of Israel's satellites are ranked among the world's most advanced space systems.


Premise: Who was the source of influence for the flat tax?

Hypothesis: The Land Value Tax is levied on the value of the land only with improvements and buildings not considered.


Premise: Besides the museums, what other art offering does SAM operate?

Hypothesis: SAM also operates the Olympic Sculpture Park (opened 2007) on the waterfront north of the downtown piers.


Premise: What do scientists disagree about?

Hypothesis: More recently, new fossil and molecular evidence is providing an increasingly clear picture of the evolution of modern bird orders.


Premise: What term replaced Vitruvius' term "utility"?

Hypothesis: While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility".


Premise: What is the similar trait of Estonia's four seasons?

Hypothesis: Estonia has four seasons of near-equal length.


Premise: How can one find the amount of collector current?

Hypothesis: Collector current is approximately β (common-emitter current gain) times the base current.


Premise: What is it possible to induce which is, contrary to expectations, devoid of unpleasantness?

Hypothesis: Although unpleasantness is an essential part of the IASP definition of pain, it is possible to induce a state described as intense pain devoid of unpleasantness in some patients, with morphine injection or psychosurgery.


Premise: What plan did the DoD release in 2005?

Hypothesis: Although both resolutions require mandatory annual reports on counter-terrorism activities by adopting nations, the United States and Israel have both declined to submit reports.


Premise: How many persons were still unaccounted for in Yingxiu?

Hypothesis: A commander reported from Yingxiu Town, Wenchuan, that around 3,000 survivors were found, while the status of the other inhabitants (around 9,000) remained unclear.


Premise: Who were two leading exponent of the Greek Revival style?

Hypothesis: Leading exponents were William Wilkins and Robert Smirke.


Premise: How many people does the de Jong Concert Hall seat?

Hypothesis: The de Jong Concert Hall seats 1282 people and is named for Gerrit de Jong Jr.


Premise: Baptists have played a key role in what?

Hypothesis: Historically, Baptists have played a key role in encouraging religious freedom and separation of church and state.


Premise: For which film from 1982 did Schwarzenegger first gain fame?

Hypothesis: His breakthrough film was the sword-and-sorcery epic Conan the Barbarian in 1982, which was a box-office hit and resulted in a sequel.


Premise: How many men were studied for tests on the flavor of beer in the Neuropsychopharmacology journal in 2013?

Hypothesis: A study published in the Neuropsychopharmacology journal in 2013 revealed the finding that the flavour of beer alone could provoke dopamine activity in the brain of the male participants, who wanted to drink more as a result.


Premise: What establishments did Frédéric frequently visit in Paris that influenced his career?

Hypothesis: His innovations in style, musical form, and harmony, and his association of music with nationalism, were influential throughout and after the late Romantic period.


Premise: What is Zardozi an example of?

Hypothesis: Bidriware, a metalwork handicraft from neighbouring Karnataka, which was popularised during the 18th century and has since been granted a Geographical Indication (GI) tag under the auspices of the WTO act; and Zari and Zardozi, embroidery works on textile that involve making elaborate designs using gold, silver and other metal threads.


Premise: How many coolie labourers were on the island by 1818?

Hypothesis: An 1814 census recorded 3,507 people on the island.


Premise: Which mosque is believed to be the first with a dome?

Hypothesis: Its usage spans centuries, first appearing in 691 with the construction of the Dome of the Rock mosque, and recurring even up until the 17th century with the Taj Mahal.


Premise: Does this article cover east-west or north-south streets?

Hypothesis: West" is approximately 29 degrees north of true west.


Premise: What is the Zeigarnik effect?

Hypothesis: Also relevant is the Zeigarnik effect which states that people remember uncompleted or interrupted tasks better than completed ones.


Premise: What kinds of groups around the world can benefit from the Community Tool Box?

Hypothesis: The Community Tool Box is a public service of the University maintained by the Work Group for Community Health and Development.


Premise: What is air defence called in French?

Hypothesis: In French, air defence is called DCA (Défense contre les aéronefs, "aéronef" being the generic term for all kind of airborne device (airplane, airship, balloon, missile, rocket, etc.)).


Premise: The invariant interval that separates two events in Minkowski spacetime can either be what?

Hypothesis: Two events in Minkowski spacetime are separated by an invariant interval, which can be either space-like, light-like, or time-like.


Premise: What city was massacred for not wearing the proper haircut?

Hypothesis: " Under the Ming dynasty, adult men did not cut their hair but instead wore it in the form of a top-knot.


Premise: When was the play for To Kill a Mockingbird first performed?

Hypothesis: It debuted in 1990 in Monroeville, a town that labels itself "The Literary Capital of Alabama".


Premise: Locusts destroy what?

Hypothesis: Many insects are considered pests by humans.


Premise: How did Gaddafi use all the money that resulted from nationalizing the oil industry?

Hypothesis: Intent on pushing Libya towards "Islamic socialism", he introduced sharia as the basis for the legal system and nationalized the oil industry, using the increased revenues to bolster the military, implement social programs and fund revolutionary militants across the world.


Premise: How is COPD differentiated?

Hypothesis: In this setting, COPD can be differentiated by increased airway neutrophils, abnormally increased wall thickness, and increased smooth muscle in the bronchi.


Premise: In addition to hearing him play, what else did people seek from Chopin in London?

Hypothesis: The Prince, who was himself a talented musician, moved close to the keyboard to view Chopin's technique.


Premise: What is not often aspirated?

Hypothesis: Voiced consonants are seldom actually aspirated.


Premise: Who represented Oribe's Blancos?

Hypothesis: Uruguay's 1830s were dominated by the confrontation between Manuel Oribe and Fructuoso Rivera, the two revolutionary leaders who had fought against the Empire of Brazil under the command of Lavalleja, each of whom had become the caudillo of their respective faction.


Premise: Who were two major lyrical poets?

Hypothesis: In the classical period many of the genres of western literature became more prominent.


Premise: In what village is East Houston Street located?

Hypothesis: The grid covers the length of the island from 14th Street north.


Premise: What type of language were Prakrits?

Hypothesis: Sanskrit linguist Madhav Deshpande says that when the term "Sanskrit" arose it was not thought of as a specific language set apart from other languages, but rather as a particularly refined or perfected manner of speaking.


Premise: What theory suggests that acids are proton donors?

Hypothesis: Oxidation of hydrogen removes its electron and gives H+, which contains no electrons and a nucleus which is usually composed of one proton.


Premise: How many beds does the DMC have?

Hypothesis: Within the city of Detroit, there are over a dozen major hospitals which include the Detroit Medical Center (DMC), Henry Ford Health System, St. John Health System, and the John D. Dingell VA Medical Center.


Premise: What's the name of the public quay that's been in Southampton since the 13th century?

Hypothesis: Today's Eastern Docks were created in the 1830s by land reclamation of the mud flats between the Itchen & Test estuaries.


Premise: Under what condition does voltage reversal occur in RLC circuits?

Hypothesis: Voltage reversal is encountered in RLC circuits that are under-damped.


Premise: Where was the Baghdad Railway Suppose to connect?

Hypothesis: An example is the Baghdad Railway which was planned to connect the Ottoman Empire cities of Konya and Baghdad with a line through modern-day Turkey, Syria and Iraq.


Premise: What is the earliest records of humans using pesticides?

Hypothesis: The Rig Veda, which is about 4,000 years old, mentions the use of poisonous plants for pest control.


Premise: According to a recent study, how many men of the Dhulbahante clan married women from the Hawiye clan?

Hypothesis: So to extend ties of alliance, marriage is often to another ethnic Somali from a different clan.


Premise: Which group rides around in open carts through the streets?

Hypothesis: The chirigotas are well known witty, satiric popular groups who sing about politics, new times and household topics, wearing the same costume, which they prepare for the whole year.


Premise: What term is interchangeable with "sapwood"?

Hypothesis: All wood in a tree is first formed as sapwood.


Premise: The desert zone accounts for how much of the state's surface area?

Hypothesis: The desert zone also accounts for about a third of the state's surface area.


Premise: What was the name of Studdard's coronation song?

Hypothesis: The fourth-place finisher Josh Gracin also enjoyed some success as a country singer.


Premise: How many notes are in a hepatonic scale?

Hypothesis: At first listen, Somali music might be mistaken for the sounds of nearby regions such as Ethiopia, Sudan or Arabia, but it is ultimately recognizable by its own unique tunes and styles.


Premise: What type of legislative subjects can both the central legislative body and state legislatures make laws?

Hypothesis: While for Concurrent subjects, both center and state can make laws.


Premise: What capabilities were cut to the entire Sichuan area?

Hypothesis: Elements of telecommunications were restored by the government piece by piece over the next number of months as the situation in the Sichuan province gradually improved.


Premise: What Valencian museum has a photography collection?

Hypothesis: The Museu de Belles Arts de València houses a large collection of paintings from the 14th to the 18th centuries, including works by Velázquez, El Greco, and Goya, as well as an important series of engravings by Piranesi.


Premise: What is possible to run by using Boot camp, even though it is not condoned by Apple?

Hypothesis: Though not condoned by Apple, it is possible to run the Linux operating system using Boot camp or other virtualization workarounds.


Premise: What accounts are form the basis of much of the accounts in the Quran?

Hypothesis: The Quran assumes familiarity with major narratives recounted in the Biblical scriptures.


Premise: What kind of ceiling is in the chapter house?

Hypothesis: A pier of eight shafts carries the vaulted ceiling.


Premise: Who gave Chopin instruction on how to play the organ?

Hypothesis: From September 1823 to 1826 Chopin attended the Warsaw Lyceum, where he received organ lessons from the Czech musician Wilhelm Würfel during his first year.


Premise: In what year during the Presbyterian movement in England was referred to as the "Disruption"?

Hypothesis: There is also a congregation in the heart of London's financial district called London City Presbyterian Church that is also affiliated with Free Church of Scotland.


Premise: What does a DCT do?

Hypothesis: Other methods, such as fractal compression, matching pursuit and the use of a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) have been the subject of some research, but are typically not used in practical products (except for the use of wavelet coding as still-image coders without motion compensation).


Premise: What did the Queen commission Sir Robert Peel to do?

Hypothesis: The Queen commissioned a Tory, Sir Robert Peel, to form a new ministry.


Premise: Who did the throne of Hanover pass to instead of Queen Victoria?

Hypothesis: In 1837, the personal union of the United Kingdom and Hanover ended because William IV's heir in the United Kingdom was female (Queen Victoria).


Premise: What can be accounted for by a feedback between diversity and community structure complexity?

Hypothesis: The hyperbolic character of biodiversity growth can be similarly accounted for by a feedback between diversity and community structure complexity.


Premise: When was the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship formed?

Hypothesis: Members of both groups originally identified as Southern Baptist, but over time the groups "became permanent new families of Baptists."


Premise: How much of the earth is covered by oceans?

Hypothesis: Sunlight absorbed by the oceans and land masses keeps the surface at an average temperature of 14 °C.


Premise: What did the query starter believe had been done by Mary's direct  maternal line that contradict the conception theory of immaculate for Mary ?

Hypothesis: Bernard would seem to have been speaking of conception in the active sense of the mother's cooperation, for in his argument he says: "How can there be absence of sin where there is concupiscence (libido)?" and stronger expressions follow, showing that he is speaking of the mother and not of the child.


Premise: How many number one singles did Queen release?

Hypothesis: The band have released a total of eighteen number one albums, eighteen number one singles, and ten number one DVDs worldwide, making them one of the world's best-selling music artists.


Premise: Who were responsible for the revolts that ended with Youlou's removal?

Hypothesis: The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat.


Premise: Portuguese primary school enrollment is close to what percent?

Hypothesis: In addition to being a destination for international students, Portugal is also among the top places of origin for international students.


Premise: What part of the organism is usually created which becomes a developed genetically altered organism?

Hypothesis: However, the genomes of cells in an adult organism can be edited using gene therapy techniques to treat genetic diseases.


Premise: Who maintains the Unicode Standard?

Hypothesis: The standard is maintained by the Unicode Consortium.


Premise: In 2011, how much time each day did Schwarzenegger say he lifted weights?

Hypothesis: Schwarzenegger continues to work out even today.


Premise: What does Dawkins explain must compete with each other in living begins?

Hypothesis: In his book, The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution, biologist Richard Dawkins grapples with the question of why pain has to be so very painful.


Premise: What is another name for Nanjing Fuzimiao?

Hypothesis: Thus, one can see the statues of the famous teachers and educators of the past not too far from those of the courtesans who educated the young men in the other arts.


Premise: What didn't the king have in Miskito society?

Hypothesis: Historical information on kings is often obscured by the fact that many of the kings were semi-mythical.


Premise: What was the profession of George Marshall?

Hypothesis: Directors included Jack Conway, John Ford, Rex Ingram, Robert Z. Leonard, George Marshall and Lois Weber, one of the few women directing films in Hollywood.:13


Premise: What is the effective f-number proportional to?

Hypothesis: The equation may be expressed as ratios, or, by taking the logarithm (base 2) of both sides, by addition, using the APEX system, in which every increment of 1 is a doubling of exposure; this increment is commonly known as a "stop".


Premise: UK aid had risen to how much in the same period?

Hypothesis: Wages and salaries represent about 38% of recurrent expenditure.


Premise: What was New Haven's nickname?

Hypothesis: As in other cities, many of the elms that gave New Haven the nickname "Elm City" perished in the mid-20th century due to Dutch Elm disease, although many have since been replanted.


Premise: How many torchbearers carried the torch?

Hypothesis: A total of 120 torchbearers were selected to participate in the event consisting of celebrities, athletes and pro-Beijing camp politicians.


Premise: What was the name of the new regime created when the Cisalpine Republic separated from Switzerland?

Hypothesis: The fierce French suppression of the Nidwalden Revolt in September 1798 was an example of the oppressive presence of the French Army and the local population's resistance to the occupation.


Premise: What caused lower classification status for African Americans?

Hypothesis: Americans with Sub-Saharan African ancestry for historical reasons: slavery, partus sequitur ventrem, one-eighth law, the one-drop rule of 20th-century legislation, have frequently been classified as black (historically) or African American, even if they have significant European American or Native American ancestry.


Premise: In terms of whites, what is an argument that is used to try and refute the benefits of affirmative action as it relates to the compensation argument?

Hypothesis: In addition, arguments are made that whites today who innocently benefited from past injustices should not be punished for something they had no control over.


Premise: What was the monetary base value in 1994?

Hypothesis: The adjusted monetary base has increased from approximately 400 billion dollars in 1994, to 800 billion in 2005, and over 3000 billion in 2013.


Premise: What notable football player played at Notre Dame from 1916 to 1920?

Hypothesis: It was in 1928 that famed coach Knute Rockne used his final conversation with the dying Gipp to inspire the Notre Dame team to beat the Army team and "win one for the Gipper."


Premise: What widely-used product is almost always made of wood fibers?

Hypothesis: Wood unsuitable for construction in its native form may be broken down mechanically (into fibers or chips) or chemically (into cellulose) and used as a raw material for other building materials, such as engineered wood, as well as chipboard, hardboard, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF).


Premise: East Slavic people consist of which nationalities?

Hypothesis: Modern Slavic nations and ethnic groups are considerably diverse both genetically and culturally, and relations between them – even within the individual ethnic groups themselves –


Premise: What type of party system is the United States?

Hypothesis: The United States has become essentially a two-party system.


Premise: After resigning where did Stratford Canning sail off to?

Hypothesis: The Leader of the Opposition in the British House of Commons, Benjamin Disraeli, blamed Aberdeen and Stratford's actions for making war inevitable, thus starting the process which would eventually force the Aberdeen government to resign in January 1855, over the war.


Premise: What was Germany going to be called if Prussian won?

Hypothesis: As German nationalism grew strongly inside the German Confederation and neither could decide on how Germany was going to be unified into a nation-state.


Premise: What famous writer has a house in Philadelphia?

Hypothesis: Other historic sites include homes for Edgar Allan Poe, Betsy Ross, and Thaddeus Kosciuszko, early government buildings like the First and Second Banks of the United States, Fort Mifflin, and the Gloria Dei (Old Swedes')


Premise: Who still could handle the structural calculations for designing at that time?

Hypothesis: A revival of the Classical style in architecture was accompanied by a burgeoning of science and engineering which affected the proportions and structure of buildings.


Premise: What dynasty ruled Egypt in this period?

Hypothesis: Umayyad descendants took over the Iberian Peninsula, the Aghlabids controlled North Africa, and the Tulunids became rulers of Egypt.


Premise: Paraffin wax is an example of what kind of storage media?

Hypothesis: Phase change materials such as paraffin wax and Glauber's salt are another thermal storage media.


Premise: When was Weld re-elected governor?

Hypothesis: Kerry won re-election with 53 percent to Weld's 45 percent.


Premise: What will happen if too many consumers save or pay down debt simultaneously?

Hypothesis: Too many consumers attempting to save (or pay down debt) simultaneously is called the paradox of thrift and can cause or deepen a recession.


Premise: What did the Patriot Act make it easier for law enforcement to search?

Hypothesis: The act also expanded the definition of terrorism to include domestic terrorism, thus enlarging the number of activities to which the USA PATRIOT Act's expanded law enforcement powers could be applied.


Premise: In what era were there many socio-technological trends?

Hypothesis: Regarding the 21st century and the late modern world, the Information age and computers were forefront in use, not completely ubiquitous but often present in daily life.


Premise: What city in Poland is a sister city to Philadelphia?

Hypothesis: Philadelphia has dedicated landmarks to its sister cities.


Premise: What is the railway that runs South to North called?

Hypothesis: door of the east and west, throat of the south and north”.


Premise: What type of literature does Tusiata Avia write?

Hypothesis: Albert Wendt is a significant Samoan writer whose novels and stories tell the Samoan experience.


Premise: Who were the final two contestants?

Hypothesis: Fantasia and Diana DeGarmo were the last two finalists, and Fantasia was crowned as the winner.


Premise: What sacred texts are some of the oldest in India?

Hypothesis: The Vedic period is named after the Indo-Aryan culture of north-west India, although other parts of India had a distinct cultural identity during this period.


Premise: What are among the most complex characters in modern dictionaries?

Hypothesis: The most complex character that can be input using the Microsoft New Phonetic IME 2002a for traditional Chinese is 龘 (dá, "the appearance of a dragon flying").


Premise: What company did Laemmle found in June 1909?

Hypothesis: That company quickly evolved into the Independent Moving Pictures Company (IMP), with studios in Fort Lee, New Jersey, where many early films in America's first motion picture industry were produced in the early 20th century.


Premise: What was most likely Siddhārtha Gautama's father?

Hypothesis: The evidence of the early texts suggests that Siddhārtha Gautama was born in a community that was on the periphery, both geographically and culturally, of the northeastern Indian subcontinent in the fifth century BCE.


Premise: What is the dominant religion of North Africa?

Hypothesis: Officially, North African countries prefer to give preference to the Literary Arabic and conduct much of their political and religious life in it (adherence to Islam), and refrain from declaring each country's specific variety to be a separate language, because Literary Arabic is the liturgical language of Islam and the language of the Islamic sacred book, the Qur'an.


Premise: How does Arsenal Ladies rank as compared with other English women's football teams?

Hypothesis: Arsenal Ladies are the women's football club affiliated to Arsenal.


Premise: What two things declined during the attacks in Britain?

Hypothesis: Many civilians found that the best way to retain mental stability was to be with family, and after the first few weeks of bombing avoidance of the evacuation programs grew.:80–81 Glover speculated that the knowledge that the entire country was being attacked, that there was no way to escape the bombs, forced people to accept and deal with the situation.:118


Premise: At what floor do the doors open on the way down?

Hypothesis: The downwards journey is completed at a reduced speed of 600 meters per minute, with the doors opening at the 52nd second.


Premise: How much of Ireland's Russian speakers are Irish citizens?

Hypothesis: According to the 2011 Census of Ireland, there were 21,639 people in the nation who use Russian as a home language.


Premise: Most vertebrates usually devote how much metabolism to the brain?

Hypothesis: Most vertebrate species devote between 2% and 8% of basal metabolism to the brain.


Premise: When where the Eclogues likely published?

Hypothesis: Sometime after the publication of the Eclogues (probably before 37 BC), Virgil became part of the circle of Maecenas, Octavian's capable agent d'affaires who sought to counter sympathy for Antony among the leading families by rallying Roman literary figures to Octavian's side.


Premise: Which Muslim scholar studied the Quran's inimitability until his death in 1078?

Hypothesis: Medieval Muslim scholars including al-Jurjani (d. 1078) and al-Baqillani (d. 1013) have written treatises on the subject, discussed its various aspects, and used linguistic approaches to study the Quran.


Premise: What film depicts the Chicago Cubs defeating a baseball team from Miami in the 2015 World Series?

Hypothesis: The 1989 film Back to the Future Part II depicts the Chicago Cubs defeating a baseball team from Miami in the 2015 World Series, ending the longest championship drought in all four of the major North American professional sports leagues.


Premise: At which park does W 122nd Street end?

Hypothesis: This segment runs in the Mount Morris Historical District and crosses portions of Lenox Avenue (Sixth Avenue), Seventh Avenue, Frederick Douglass Boulevard (Eighth Avenue), and Manhattan Avenue.


Premise: What is the basic, primitive part of the immune system known as?

Hypothesis: The study of the molecular and cellular components that comprise the immune system, including their function and interaction, is the central science of immunology.


Premise: What is the name of the city's airport?

Hypothesis: Ann Arbor Municipal Airport, which is south of the city at 42°13.38′N 83°


Premise: The fourth truth consists of how many factors?

Hypothesis: These eight factors are:


Premise: What is the oldest medical college in Asia?

Hypothesis: Fortificação e Desenho of Rio de Janeiro) in 1792, as well as the oldest medical college in Asia (the Escola Médico-Cirúrgica of Goa) in 1842.


Premise: What is an example of a lesser-known instrument taught at Eton?

Hypothesis: The current "Precentor" (Head of Music) is Tim Johnson, and the School boasts eight organs and an entire building for music (performance spaces include the School Hall, the Farrer Theatre and two halls dedicated to music, the Parry Hall and the Concert Hall).


Premise: What is one of the most common traits of religion according to Boyer?

Hypothesis: Anthropologist Stewart Guthrie contends that people project human features onto non-human aspects of the world because it makes those aspects more familiar.


Premise: Who composed the La conquista della Spagne di Scipione Afriacano il giovance?

Hypothesis: Others include Giovani Battista Gervasio (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Giuseppe Giuliano (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Emanuele Barbella (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Domenico Scarlatti (Sonata n.54 (K.89) in D minor for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), and Addiego Guerra (Sonata in G major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo).


Premise: How many songs did most albums contain?

Hypothesis: When the 12-inch vinyl LP era began in 1949, the single record often had the same or similar number of tunes as a typical album of 78s, and was still often referred to as an "album".


Premise: What Act was the result of a meeting of Swiss politicians organized by Napolean?

Hypothesis: In 1803 Napoleon organised a meeting of the leading Swiss politicians from both sides in Paris.


Premise: Why are groups hesitant to work with government officials ?

Hypothesis: A 2011 report by the Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations found that, while contact with the Myanmar government was constrained by donor restrictions, international humanitarian non-governmental organisations (NGOs) see opportunities for effective advocacy with government officials, especially at the local level.


Premise: Which RAF technical advisor was the conversation passed onto?

Hypothesis: The details of the conversation were passed to an RAF Air Staff technical advisor, Dr. R. V. Jones, who started an in-depth investigation which discovered that the Luftwaffe's Lorenz receivers were more than blind-landing devices.


Premise: When were periods of numerous interracial relationships in the U.S.?

Hypothesis: This has resulted in a majority of people who identify as African American having some European ancestors.


Premise: What business development did the British use to establish a hold on the global cotton market?

Hypothesis: However, to produce a bale of cotton required over 600 hours of human labor, making large-scale production uneconomical in the United States, even with the use of humans as slave labor.


Premise: How many CDs were mass produced in 1988?

Hypothesis: The first major artist to have his entire catalogue converted to CD was David Bowie, whose 15 studio albums were made available by RCA Records in February 1985, along with four greatest hits albums.


Premise: Which shock jock urged people to vote for Sanjaya?

Hypothesis: Teenager Sanjaya Malakar was the season's most talked-about contestant for his unusual hairdo, and for managing to survive elimination for many weeks due in part to the weblog Vote for the Worst and satellite radio personality Howard Stern, who both encouraged fans to vote for him.


Premise: What kind of medicine was practiced in India before 2500 BC?

Hypothesis: Ayurveda is a system of traditional medicine that originated in ancient India before 2500 BC, and is now practiced as a form of alternative medicine in other parts of the world.


Premise: What is a definition of signal-to-noise ratio?

Hypothesis: The signal-to-noise ratio is defined as the standard deviation of a weighted average of the luminance and color of individual pixels.


Premise: Richard M. Bowen III testified to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission regarding his tenure at which financial institution?

Hypothesis: Testimony given to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission by Richard M. Bowen III on events during his tenure as the Business Chief Underwriter for Correspondent Lending in the Consumer Lending Group for Citigroup (where he was responsible for over 220 professional underwriters) suggests that by the final years of the U.S. housing bubble (2006–2007), the collapse of mortgage underwriting standards was endemic.


Premise: What movement did Boston become the center of after it stopped slave trade?

Hypothesis: Eventually Boston became a center of the abolitionist movement.


Premise: Ethnohistory can study the history of what types of groups which may or may not exist today?

Hypothesis: It is also the study of the history of various ethnic groups that may or may not exist today.


Premise: In addition to Free Radio San Diego, what other pirate station is in San Diego?

Hypothesis: The radio stations in San Diego include nationwide broadcaster, Clear Channel Communications; CBS Radio, Midwest Television, Lincoln Financial Media, Finest City Broadcasting, and many other smaller stations and networks.


Premise: The architecture of New Delhi borrows from indigenous sources but fits into what tradition?

Hypothesis: Many elements of New Delhi architecture borrow from indigenous sources; however, they fit into a British Classical/Palladian tradition.


Premise: Why were the protesters arrested?

Hypothesis: Kerry and the other protesters later paid a $5 fine, and were released.


Premise: Along with Lorimar and National General Pictures, what library was included in the Warner Bros. library?

Hypothesis: In March 1999, MGM paid Warner Bros. and gave up the home video rights to the MGM/UA films owned by Turner to Warner Home Video.


Premise: How did Tajikistan change their economy?

Hypothesis: The World Bank Tajikistan Policy Note 2006 concludes that remittances have played an important role as one of the drivers of Tajikistan's robust economic growth during the past several years, have increased incomes, and as a result helped significantly reduce poverty.


Premise: What did the National Academy of Sciences independent review discover about the FBIs analytical model?

Hypothesis: It found the analytic model used by the FBI for interpreting results was deeply flawed, and the conclusion, that bullet fragments could be matched to a box of ammunition, was so overstated that it was misleading under the rules of evidence.


Premise: About how many Libyans died in Operation El Dorado Canyon?

Hypothesis: In Operation El Dorado Canyon, orchestrated on 15 April 1986, U.S. military planes launched a series of air-strikes on Libya, bombing military installations in various parts of the country, killing around 100 Libyans, including several civilians.


Premise: What is the oldest county in liberia?

Hypothesis: Montserrado is also the most populous county with 1,144,806 residents as of the 2008 census.


Premise: Which scientist experimented with blasting alpha particles at the nuclei of gold?

Hypothesis: The Stanford linear accelerator deep inelastic scattering experiments of the late 1960s showed, analogously to Ernest Rutherford's experiment of scattering alpha particles on gold nuclei in 1911, that nucleons (protons and neutrons) contained point-like particles that scattered electrons.


Premise: How much did Madonna have when she first went to NYC?

Hypothesis: I came here with $35 in my pocket.


Premise: How many cars can the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market's parking garage hold?

Hypothesis: The Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market, in the West Bronx, is a shopping center that encompasses less than one million square feet of retail space, built on a 17 acres (7 ha) site that formerly held the Bronx Terminal Market, a wholesale fruit and vegetable market as well as the former Bronx House of Detention, south of Yankee Stadium.


Premise: Where did Pliny the Elder repeat Aristotle's observations?

Hypothesis: Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile.


Premise: When did the Qing dynasty fall?

Hypothesis: This policy endured until the fall of the Qing dynasty in AD 1911.


Premise: Who led the faction that challenged Kim-Il-sung?

Hypothesis: The Chinese support created a deep division between the Korean Communists, and Kim Il-sung's authority within the Communist party was challenged by the Chinese faction led by Pak Il-yu, who was later purged by Kim.


Premise: Along with sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology, what field is part of Somali Studies?

Hypothesis: The field draws from old Somali chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to written accounts and traditions about Somalis from explorers and geographers in the Horn of Africa and the Middle East.


Premise: For whom is the Weddell seal named ?

Hypothesis: The Antarctic fur seal was very heavily hunted in the 18th and 19th centuries for its pelt by sealers from the United States and the United Kingdom.


Premise: Other than Yale, New Haven has another private college in the city, it's name?

Hypothesis: New Haven is also home to Southern Connecticut State University, part of the Connecticut State University System, and Albertus Magnus College, a private institution.


Premise: What is an example of a section of Valencia that was majorly renovated?

Hypothesis: Whole sections of the old city, for example the Carmen Quarter, have been extensively renovated.


Premise: What project used an automated version of the Sanger method in its early stages?

Hypothesis: The subsequent development of chain-termination DNA sequencing in 1977 by Frederick Sanger improved the efficiency of sequencing and turned it into a routine laboratory tool.


Premise: Along with political controversy, what can the distinction between a language and dialect sometimes lead to?

Hypothesis: A group speaking a separate "language" is often seen as having a greater claim to being a separate "people", and thus to be more deserving of its own independent state, while a group speaking a "dialect" tends to be seen not as "a people" in its own right, but as a sub-group, part of a bigger people, which must content itself with regional autonomy.[citation needed]


Premise: What does Houston's mayor also serve as?

Hypothesis: The City's elected officials are the mayor, city controller and 16 members of the Houston City Council.


Premise: Where in Pakistan is Waziristan?

Hypothesis: Pakistan was also engaged in the War in North-West Pakistan (Waziristan War).


Premise: Under the deal, how many AFL playoff games did ESPN broadcast each year?

Hypothesis: The deal resulted in added exposure on ESPN's SportsCenter.


Premise: What was the specialty of great Pietho and what is famous for ?

Hypothesis: That new notion of nationhood engendered a deep interest in the classical past culminating in the ideas of the Neoplatonist philosopher Gemistus Pletho, who abandoned Christianity.


Premise: What was the communist party agitated over?

Hypothesis: Still, many British citizens, who had been members of the Labour Party, itself inert over the issue, turned to the Communist Party.


Premise: What was the cause of Lady Flora's death in July?

Hypothesis: When Lady Flora died in July, the post-mortem revealed a large tumour on her liver that had distended her abdomen.


Premise: Carolingian minuscule script quickly spread across which continent?

Hypothesis: It is from these that the first minuscule hands developed, the half-uncials and cursive minuscule, which no longer stayed bound between a pair of lines.


Premise: What is the average annual snowfall in Tibet?

Hypothesis: The atmosphere is severely dry nine months of the year, and average annual snowfall is only 18 inches (46 cm), due to the rain shadow effect.


Premise: What kind of parade is The Procession?

Hypothesis: The parade is followed by performances on an outdoor stage, culminating in the burning of an urn in which written prayers have been collected from participants and spectators.


Premise: When Liszt lived close to Chopin, where did he call home?

Hypothesis: The first, on 2 April 1833, was at a benefit concert organized by Hector Berlioz for his bankrupt Shakespearean actress wife Harriet Smithson, during which they played George Onslow's Sonata in F minor for piano duet.


Premise: What ocean surrounds Antarctica?

Hypothesis: It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean.


Premise: Frequent episodes of diarrhea are common in what type of cases?

Hypothesis: Frequent episodes of diarrhea are also a common cause of malnutrition and the most common cause in those younger than five years of age.


Premise: What did Sony call the special offer they handed out to respond to the breach?

Hypothesis: In response to the incident, Sony announced a "Welcome Back" program, 30 days free membership of PlayStation Plus for all PSN members, two free downloadable PS3 games, and a free one-year enrollment in an identity theft protection program.


Premise: Who taught Antigonus II?

Hypothesis: Under the Antigonids, Macedonia was often short on funds, the Pangaeum mines were no longer as productive as under Philip II, the wealth from Alexander's campaigns had been used up and the countryside pillaged by the Gallic invasion.


Premise: Who already had contact over a network of countries ready to offer assistance to the Greeks ?

Hypothesis: Greek merchant families already had contacts in other countries and during the disturbances many set up home around the Mediterranean (notably Marseilles in France, Livorno in Italy, Alexandria in Egypt), Russia (Odessa and Saint Petersburg), and Britain (London and Liverpool) from where they traded, typically in textiles and grain.


Premise: What is San Diego's cable penetration rate?

Hypothesis: Since the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) licensed seven television stations in Los Angeles, two VHF channels were available for San Diego because of its relative proximity to the larger city.


Premise: Who made Spielberg a knight?

Hypothesis: In 2004 he was admitted as knight of the Légion d'honneur by president Jacques Chirac.


Premise: What was von Braun's role in the army's rocket program during during World War II?

Hypothesis: After the war, the V-2 became the basis of early American and Soviet rocket designs.


Premise: Who improved Gesner's  of refining kerosene from coal?

Hypothesis: The modern petroleum industry started in 1846 with the discovery of the process of refining kerosene from coal by Nova Scotian Abraham Pineo Gesner.


Premise: Who typically specializes in obesity and chronic disease?

Hypothesis: Another advanced Nutrition Professional is a Certified Nutrition Specialist or CNS.


Premise: What type of festivals happened when events warranted them?

Hypothesis: The triumph of a Roman general was celebrated as the fulfillment of religious vows, though these tended to be overshadowed by the political and social significance of the event.


Premise: Federalism combines what two types of government?

Hypothesis: Federalism refers to the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments (provincial, state, Land, cantonal, territorial or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system.


Premise: What are usually Universities made up of?

Hypothesis: A number of career specific courses are now available to students through the Internet.


Premise: Who's death caused this protest?

Hypothesis: After the imprisonment of protesters of Gray's death, Beyoncé and Jay-Z donated thousands of dollars to bail them out.


Premise: When the lamas received an invite from the emperors, who did they send instead?

Hypothesis: The Ming emperors sent invitations to ruling lamas, but the lamas sent subordinates rather than coming themselves, and no Tibetan ruler ever explicitly accepted the role of being a vassal of the Ming.


Premise: What happens to a treaty that was designed to terminate under certain conditions when those conditions are actually met?

Hypothesis: Treaties sometimes include provisions for self-termination, meaning that the treaty is automatically terminated if certain defined conditions are met.


Premise: How many museums are found in Egypt?

Hypothesis: It has been in contact with many other civilisations and nations and has been through so many eras, starting from prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages.


Premise: What kind of drill bit do you need to drill holes in a PCB?

Hypothesis: Drilling with high-speed-steel is simply not feasible since the drill bits will dull quickly and thus tear the copper and ruin the boards.


Premise: What year was the Victrolac compound released?

Hypothesis: When it came to ordinary 78 rpm records, however, the much higher cost of the raw material, as well as its vulnerability to the heavy pickups and crudely mass-produced steel needles still commonly used in home record players, made its general substitution for shellac impractical at that time.


Premise: Who was the youngest daughter of Earl and Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne?

Hypothesis: That year, he met for the first time since childhood Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the youngest daughter of the Earl and Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne.


Premise: The population of the Greater New Haven in 2010?

Hypothesis: New Haven (local /nuː ˈheɪvən/, noo-HAY-vən), in the U.S. state of Connecticut, is the principal municipality in Greater New Haven, which had a total population of 862,477 in 2010.


Premise: What types of taxes do Puerto Ricans pay?

Hypothesis: Most Puerto Rico residents do not pay federal income tax but do pay federal payroll taxes (Social Security and Medicare).


Premise: Where did the Portuguese royal family move in 1808?

Hypothesis: In 1808, the Portuguese royal family relocated to Brazil, because of the French invasion of Portugal.


Premise: What are some of the major concerns with intensive breeding programs?

Hypothesis: Both intensive and free-range farming have animal welfare concerns.


Premise: What do winners of the continental competition get to do?

Hypothesis: This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself.


Premise: When was South Tucson first incorporated?

Hypothesis: It was first incorporated in 1936, and later reincorporated in 1940.


Premise: What is this forced type of study called?

Hypothesis: Because normal people cannot entrain to a 28-hour day in dim light if at all,[citation needed] this is referred to as a forced desynchrony protocol.


Premise: What is the annual precipitation in Iran's western plains?

Hypothesis: On the northern edge of the country (the Caspian coastal plain) temperatures rarely fall below freezing and the area remains humid for the rest of the year.


Premise: What other close by countries have been greatly influenced by the Greek way of life ?

Hypothesis: The modern-day Griko community of southern Italy, numbering about 60,000, may represent a living remnant of the ancient Greek populations of Italy.


Premise: On what date was the expiration of Foster's patent?

Hypothesis: On September 30, 1987, Foster filed an application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office to patent his invented sport.


Premise: Which season has been the highest rated of all American Idol seasons?

Hypothesis: Season five began on January 17, 2006.


Premise: How much percentage of the sun does Neptune get compared to Uranus?

Hypothesis: Neptune's more varied weather when compared to Uranus is due in part to its higher internal heating.


Premise: What was the full price of Eton per student in 2010-2011?

Hypothesis: The fee for the academic year 2010–2011 was £29,862 (approximately US$48,600 or €35,100 as of March 2011), although the sum is considerably lower for those pupils on bursaries and scholarships.


Premise: What does the winner of the Sprint Unlimited get?

Hypothesis: The NASCAR Sprint Cup Series holds two exhibition events annually - the Sprint Unlimited, held at Daytona International Speedway at the start of the season, and the NASCAR Sprint All-Star Race, held at Charlotte Motor Speedway midway through the season.


Premise: What is the main impact of people wearing red as it relates to the perception of distance?

Hypothesis: People wearing red seem to be closer than those dressed in other colors, even if they are actually the same distance away.


Premise: What can even translations completely done by a human still be prone to?

Hypothesis: It is certainly true that even purely human-generated translations are prone to error; therefore, to ensure that a machine-generated translation will be useful to a human being and that publishable-quality translation is achieved, such translations must be reviewed and edited by a human.


Premise: Where was John buried?

Hypothesis: His body was escorted south by a company of mercenaries and he was buried in Worcester Cathedral in front of the altar of St Wulfstan.


Premise: Who signed a reparations agreement with West Germany?

Hypothesis: The need to solve the crisis led Ben-Gurion to sign a reparations agreement with West Germany that triggered mass protests by Jews angered at the idea that Israel could accept monetary compensation for the Holocaust.


Premise: How long did Lee spend writing the book?

Hypothesis: Ultimately, Lee spent over two and a half years writing


Premise: What was Zechariah's occupation?

Hypothesis: Some of those who consider that the relationship with Elizabeth was on the maternal side, consider that Mary, like Joseph, to whom she was betrothed, was of the House of David and so of the Tribe of Judah, and that the genealogy of Jesus presented in Luke 3 from Nathan, third son of David and Bathsheba, is in fact the genealogy of Mary,[need quotation to verify] while the genealogy from Solomon given in Matthew 1 is that of Joseph.


Premise: How long is the Lenten period of the Liturgical calendar?

Hypothesis: Traditionally the feast also applied to sexual desires, which were supposed to be suppressed during the following fasting.


Premise: Who threatened to retaliate?

Hypothesis: Comandante-general J.J.Calvo threatened to retaliate, and a conflict seemed imminent.


Premise: The people that lived in the British Isles during the Roman Empire era spoke which language?

Hypothesis: The Romans expanded their civilisation to control southern Great Britain but were impeded in advancing any further, building Hadrian's Wall to mark the northern frontier of their empire in 122 AD.


Premise: How many destroyers were in Kurita's "Center Force"?

Hypothesis: Kurita's "Center Force" consisted of five battleships, 12 cruisers and 13 destroyers.


Premise: What queen set up the Banská Akadémia?

Hypothesis: University has launched the first book of electrotechnics in the world.


Premise: This new style was an attempt to give what different feel to design?

Hypothesis: The Adam brothers aimed to simplify the rococo and baroque styles which had been fashionable in the preceding decades, to bring what they felt to be a lighter and more elegant feel to Georgian houses.


Premise: Which year was the Fort Peck Reservoir designated a National Scenic River?

Hypothesis: East of the divide the Missouri River, which is formed by the confluence of the Jefferson, Madison and Gallatin rivers near Three Forks, flows due north through the west-central part of the state to Great Falls.


Premise: Why is sequencing done on plants?

Hypothesis: Arabidopsis was the first plant to have its genome sequenced, in 2000.


Premise: What is gynephilia used to describe?

Hypothesis: Androphilia describes sexual attraction to masculinity; gynephilia describes the sexual attraction to femininity.


Premise: What forced the Queen to return to London?

Hypothesis: Eventually, public opinion forced the Queen to return to London, though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible.


Premise: Part of the scribal bureaucracy were trained what?

Hypothesis: The organization of the treasury and chancery were developed under the Ottoman Empire more than any other Islamic government and, until the 17th century, they were the leading organization among all their contemporaries.


Premise: Which author popularized a pessimistic view of the Late Middle Ages in his 1919 book?

Hypothesis: Yet it was his Dutch colleague, Johan Huizinga, who was primarily responsible for popularising the pessimistic view of the Late Middle Ages, with his book The Autumn of the Middle Ages (1919).


Premise: How did elite Parisian scholars perceive themselves?

Hypothesis: They perceived themselves as "interpreters of the sciences for the people".


Premise: What did Spinoza believe the world was made of?

Hypothesis: For Spinoza, the whole of the natural universe is made of one substance, God, or its equivalent, Nature.


Premise: Is the Avian flu a risk only to animals?

Hypothesis: In general, avian influenza is a disease of birds caused by bird-specific influenza A virus that is not normally transferred to people; however, people in contact with live poultry are at the greatest risk of becoming infected with the virus and this is of particular concern in areas such as Southeast Asia, where the disease is endemic in the wild bird population and domestic poultry can become infected.


Premise: How many troops did the Turks send to Gyumri?

Hypothesis: In the south about 30000 Turks slowly moved east to the main Russian concentration at Gyumri or Alexandropol (November).


Premise: How did the move the relief supplies from Taiwan to the stricken area?

Hypothesis: A direct chartered cargo flight was made by China Airlines from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport to Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport sending some 100 tons of relief supplies donated by the Tzu Chi Foundation and the Red Cross Society of Taiwan to the affected areas.


Premise: Which party came to power after the election?

Hypothesis: On election day (6 May 2010), The Sun urged its readers to vote for David Cameron's "modern and positive" Conservatives in order to save Britain from "disaster" which the paper thought the country would face if the Labour government was re-elected.


Premise: Out of about every 14 students, how many will be suspended from school?

Hypothesis: It has been revealed that Southampton has the worst behaved secondary schools within the UK.


Premise: What region did La Malinche hail from?

Hypothesis: As a child she had been sold or given to Maya slave-traders from Xicalango, and thus had become bilingual.


Premise: What natural process formed the land masses that would become the Samoan islands?

Hypothesis: The Samoan islands have been produced by vulcanism, the source of which is the Samoa hotspot which is probably the result of a mantle plume.


Premise: Who helped write the song "No Boundaries"?

Hypothesis: This is the first season in which the winner failed to achieve gold album status, and none from that season achieved platinum album status in the U.S.[citation needed]


Premise: Which year was the study published?

Hypothesis: In 2015, he released the track "moDernisT" (an anagram of "Tom's Diner"), composed exclusively from the sounds deleted during MP3 compression of the song "Tom's Diner", the track originally used in the formulation of the MP3 standard.


Premise: What was the average household size in Atlantic City?

Hypothesis: 37.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.


Premise: What does the Greek phrase that is inscribed on the pages of an open book on the seal mean?

Hypothesis: Today, Northwestern's official color is purple, although white is something of an official color as well, being mentioned in both the university's earliest song, Alma Mater (1907) ("Hail to purple, hail to white") and in many university guidelines.


Premise: During his vacation in 1824 and 1825 who did Chopin spend his vacation with?

Hypothesis: In 1824 and 1825, at Szafarnia, he was a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski, the father of a schoolmate.


Premise: Who thought Dowding was stubborn and didn't like to cooperate?

Hypothesis: The Air Staff felt that this was due to his stubborn nature and reluctance to cooperate.


Premise: What epic poem did Luís de Camões write?

Hypothesis: Adventurer and poet Luís de Camões


Premise: When was Punjab part of the Indus Valley Civilization?

Hypothesis: The Indus Valley Civilization spanned much of what is today Pakistan and eventually evolved into the Indo-Aryan civilisation.


Premise: What method did the Chinese government use to ease the boycott situation?

Hypothesis: A call to boycott French hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama.


Premise: What percent of the worlds population did Africa posses at the Berlin Conference?

Hypothesis: However, from Europe's perspective, they were dividing an unknown continent.


Premise: How does the robot pick the tiles it places?

Hypothesis: With robotic production, colored tiles are loaded into buffers, and then the robot picks and places tiles individually according to a command file from the design software.


Premise: Which paper published a story about Feynman in 1992?

Hypothesis: In a 1992 New York Times article on Feynman and his legacy, James Gleick recounts the story of how Murray Gell-Mann described what has become known as "The Feynman Algorithm" or "The Feynman Problem-Solving Algorithm" to a student: "The student asks Gell-Mann about Feynman's notes.


Premise: The fourth truth consists of how many factors?

Hypothesis: The Noble Eightfold Path—the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths—consists of a set of eight interconnected factors or conditions, that when developed together, lead to the cessation of dukkha.


Premise: What month is the Fiesta de los Vaqueros held in?

Hypothesis: Another popular event held in February, which is early spring in Tucson, is the Fiesta de los Vaqueros, or rodeo week, founded by winter visitor, Leighton Kramer.


Premise: Do states have access to CJIS?

Hypothesis: FBI provides these tools of sophisticated identification and information services to local, state, federal, and international law enforcement agencies.


Premise: What is one of BYU's characteristics that is most often pointed out through reputation?

Hypothesis: Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints highly value marriage and family, especially marriage within the faith.


Premise: What interrupted the use of the wuzhu coin during the reign of Wang Mang?

Hypothesis: Its use was interrupted briefly by several new currencies introduced during Wang Mang's regime until it was reinstated in 40 AD by Emperor Guangwu.


Premise: What do landside areas include?

Hypothesis: Access from landside areas to airside areas is tightly controlled at most airports.


Premise: How many crew members out of every five on the RMS Titanic were Sotonians?

Hypothesis: Four in five of the crew on board the vessel were Sotonians, with about a third of those who perished in the tragedy hailing from the city.


Premise: In what century was the Newer Orthography created?

Hypothesis: Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography.


Premise: According to QS World University Rankings where does Cairo University rank?

Hypothesis: Cairo University is ranked as 401-500 according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities (Shanghai Ranking) and 551-600 according to QS World University Rankings.


Premise: Why do infants and young childrens memories need to be assesed differently?

Hypothesis: Infants do not have the language ability to report on their memories and so verbal reports cannot be used to assess very young children’s memory.


Premise: WHy did they decide not to fund abortion

Hypothesis: Melinda Gates has stated that the foundation "has decided not to fund abortion".


Premise: What military commander gained power after the fall of the Minamoto clan?

Hypothesis: He also took aggressive actions to safeguard his power when necessary, including the removal and exile of 45 court officials and the razing of two troublesome temples, Todai-ji and Kofuku-ji.


Premise: What hardware component did CNET have the biggest problem with, even comparing it to an old credit card reader?

Hypothesis: There doesn't seem to be any reason for existing PS3 owners to upgrade, but for the prospective PS3 buyer, the Super Slim is probably the way to go if you can deal with not having a slot-loading disc drive."


Premise: What is the London Outer Orbital Path commonly referred as?

Hypothesis: Access to canals and rivers has improved recently, including the creation of the Thames Path, some 28 miles (45 km) of which is within Greater London, and The Wandle Trail; this runs 12 miles (19 km) through South London along the River Wandle, a tributary of the River Thames.


Premise: What does Euornithes mean?

Hypothesis: Euornithes also included the first avialans to develop true pygostyle and a fully mobile fan of tail feathers, which may have replaced the "hind wing" as the primary mode of aerial maneuverability and braking in flight.


Premise: Who may license and regulate attorneys in Florida?

Hypothesis: An example of the second view at the State level is found in the view of the Florida Supreme Court, that only the Florida Supreme Court may license and regulate attorneys appearing before the courts of Florida, and only the Florida Supreme Court may set rules for procedures in the Florida courts.[citation needed]


Premise: How many students does the ORT Uruguay university have?

Hypothesis: The university has about 8,000 students, distributed among 5 faculties and institutes, mainly geared towards the sciences and technology/engineering.


Premise: Beyonce received the Pop Songwriter of the Year award at which event?

Hypothesis: She is tied with American songwriter Diane Warren at third with nine songwriting credits on number-one singles.


Premise: In order to explain glass breaking, Fundamental laws of physics can be paired with what?

Hypothesis: On one hand, statistical mechanics is far superior to classical thermodynamics, in that thermodynamic behavior, such as glass breaking, can be explained by the fundamental laws of physics paired with a statistical postulate.


Premise: What is the average population density of Switzerland?

Hypothesis: In the largest Canton of Graubünden, lying entirely in the Alps, population density falls to 27 /km²


Premise: Around how many rebellious uprisings and civil wars happened in the 1st century BC?

Hypothesis: In the 1st century BC at least twelve civil wars and rebellions occurred.


Premise: What did James Macpherson "translate" from?

Hypothesis: Whatever they did not understand in a text, or thought might bore readers, they omitted.


Premise: What wooden utensil could you stir a pot of soup with?

Hypothesis: It is also used for tool handles and cutlery, such as chopsticks, toothpicks, and other utensils, like the wooden spoon.


Premise: Who placed it in his 1787 work?

Hypothesis: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart placed it in his 1787 work Don Giovanni and Beethoven created four variations of it.


Premise: What subject is seen throughout Avicenna's Book of Healing?

Hypothesis: Avicenna's legacy in classical psychology is primarily embodied in the Kitab al-nafs parts of his Kitab al-shifa (The Book of Healing) and Kitab al-najat (The Book of Deliverance).


Premise: What is the Jewish Legion?

Hypothesis: Arab opposition to British rule and Jewish immigration led to the 1920 Palestine riots and the formation of a Jewish militia known as the Haganah (meaning "The Defense" in Hebrew), from which the Irgun and Lehi, or Stern Gang, paramilitary groups later split off.


Premise: What else did Finlay do with his little person?

Hypothesis: Finlay also occasionally threw him at his opponent(s).