Premise: On what day do Notre Dame home football games occur?

Hypothesis: This tradition involves the drum line of the Band of the Fighting Irish and ushers in the rest of the festivities that will continue the rest of the gameday Saturday.


Premise: The torch is put out at night, on aircraft, during storms and what else?

Hypothesis: The Olympic Flame is supposed to remain lit for the whole relay.


Premise: What have the four sub-fields of anthropology lacked over the last several decades?

Hypothesis: Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades.


Premise: What was Euro1080 hoping to kick-start by broadcasting HDTV channels?

Hypothesis: Euro1080, a division of the former and now bankrupt Belgian TV services company Alfacam, broadcast HDTV channels to break the pan-European stalemate of "no HD broadcasts mean no HD TVs bought means no HD broadcasts ..." and kick-start HDTV interest in Europe.


Premise: What battle took place on November 30, 1853?

Hypothesis: In the Battle of Sinop on 30 November 1853 they destroyed a patrol squadron of Ottoman frigates and corvettes while they were anchored in port.


Premise: What gift did Tsar Alexander I give to Chopin?

Hypothesis: The success of this concert led to an invitation to give a similar recital on the instrument before Tsar Alexander I, who was visiting Warsaw; the Tsar presented him with a diamond ring.


Premise: Where is the Bucopho chairman elected?

Hypothesis: Each inkhundla has a development committee (bucopho) elected from the various constituency chiefdoms in its area for a five-year term.


Premise: What power is granted to federal agencies by Congress?

Hypothesis: Often, Congress is simply too gridlocked to draft detailed statutes that explain how the agency should react to every possible situation, or Congress believes the agency's technical specialists are best equipped to deal with particular fact situations as they arise.


Premise: What independent agency operates San Diego International Airport?

Hypothesis: The city's primary commercial airport is the San Diego International Airport (SAN), also known as Lindbergh Field.


Premise: What city has the largest outdoor ice skating rink in the world?

Hypothesis: The Papalote children's museum, which houses the world's largest dome screen, is located in the wooded park of Chapultepec, near the Museo Tecnológico, and La Feria amusement park.


Premise: Go Set a Watchman was finished in what year?

Hypothesis: The statement was also contrary to Jonathan Mahler's description of how "Watchman" was seen as just the first draft of "Mockingbird".


Premise: The Qajars defeated the Russians at what battle to take over Tblisi?

Hypothesis: The Russo-Persian wars of 1804–1813 and 1826–1828 resulted in large irrevocable territorial losses for Iran in the Caucasus, comprising all of Transcaucasia and Dagestan, which made part of the very concept of Iran for centuries, and thus substantial gains for the neighboring Russian Empire.


Premise: As of 2010 what percentage of Florida was white / non Hispanic

Hypothesis: As of 2010, those of (non-Hispanic white) European ancestry accounted for 57.9% of Florida's population.


Premise: What are possessed individuals known as?

Hypothesis: Some of the spirits possessing Rajasthanis are seen as good and beneficial while others are seen as malevolent.


Premise: Who removed Carrefour boycott comments from some websites?

Hypothesis: In response to the demonstrations, the Chinese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005.


Premise: Who was Napoleon III's prefect of the Siene?

Hypothesis: Louis-Philippe was overthrown by a popular uprising in the streets of Paris in 1848.


Premise: How many casualties did the French suffer?

Hypothesis: The French lost over 17,000 men, killed or wounded, with 21,000 captured.


Premise: How many times have the Leeside Lions won the Australian Rules Football League of Ireland Premiership?

Hypothesis: Cork also hosts one of Ireland's most successful Australian Rules Football teams, the Leeside Lions, who have won the Australian Rules Football League of Ireland Premiership four times (in 2002, 2003, 2005 and 2007).


Premise: What is a region of dead cells resulting from viral growth called?

Hypothesis: Microbial culture may also be used in the identification of viruses: the medium in this case being cells grown in culture that the virus can infect, and then alter or kill.


Premise: Do bantams lay regular sized eggs ?

Hypothesis: They are kept by small-holders and hobbyists for egg production, use as broody hens, ornamental purposes, and showing.


Premise: From what old Germanic word is Alenquer originate?

Hypothesis: Other influences include some 5th-century vestiges of Alan settlement, which were found in Alenquer (old Germanic Alankerk, from Alan+kerk; meaning church of the Alan (people), Coimbra and Lisbon.


Premise: When was the armistice agreement finally signed?

Hypothesis: In the final armistice agreement, signed on 27 July 1953, a Neutral Nations Repatriation Commission, under the chairman Indian General K. S. Thimayya, was set up to handle the matter.


Premise: How does aposematism help a species population?

Hypothesis: Upon being harmed (e.g., stung) by their prey, the appearance in such an organism will be remembered as something to avoid.


Premise: How much was the US government ordered to pay in damages?

Hypothesis: The U.S. Government was ordered to pay $100 million in damages to the four defendants.


Premise: What percentage of the Rajasthani GDP comes from tourism?

Hypothesis: Rajasthan attracted 14 percent of total foreign visitors during 2009–2010 which is the fourth highest among Indian states.


Premise: What was the earliest known writing about dye from Aermenian cochineal?

Hypothesis: It was mentioned in texts as early as the 8th century BC, and it was used by the ancient Assyrians and Persians.


Premise: Who is the head of men's basketball at KU?

Hypothesis: The Jayhawks are a perennial national contender currently coached by Bill Self.


Premise: When did Kanye debut his second effort in the fashion world?

Hypothesis: The line's reception was markedly improved from the previous presentation, with a number of critics heralding West for his "much improved" sophomore effort.


Premise: What is the name of the large legionary camp, now a ruin, that the Romans maintained around the start of the Common Era?

Hypothesis: One of the most important tribal groups in the Swiss region was the Helvetii.


Premise: Who dominated politics after 1435?

Hypothesis: In 1565 they were overthrown by the Tsangpa Dynasty of Shigatse which expanded its power in different directions of Tibet in the following decades and favoured the Karma Kagyu sect.


Premise: What was the decision regarding the motion to re-count the votes, after each House finalized their debates?

Hypothesis: Because the motion was supported by at least one member of both the House of Representatives and the Senate, election law mandated that each house retire to debate and vote on the motion.


Premise: When was the first department store in the Philippines opened?

Hypothesis: The first department store in the Philippines is the Hoskyn's Department Store of Hoskyn & Co. established in 1877 in Iloilo by the Englishman Henry Hoskyn, nephew of Nicholas Loney, the first British vice-consul in Iloilo.


Premise: What all has helped with the fight against drugs?

Hypothesis: However, with the increasing assistance from international organizations, such as UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities a level of progress on the fight against illegal drug-trafficking is being achieved.


Premise: What organization backed a structural reform program?

Hypothesis: Guinea-Bissau has started to show some economic advances after a pact of stability was signed by the main political parties of the country, leading to an IMF-backed structural reform program.


Premise: Sanskrit is the primary sacred language of which religion?

Hypothesis: As one of the oldest Indo-European languages for which substantial written documentation exists, Sanskrit holds a prominent position in Indo-European studies.


Premise: What advantage does a coreless rotor have over traditional variants?

Hypothesis: Because the rotor is much lighter in weight (mass) than a conventional rotor formed from copper windings on steel laminations, the rotor can accelerate much more rapidly, often achieving a mechanical time constant under one ms.


Premise: Postmodern music is also know as what?

Hypothesis: A few authorities have claimed high-modernism as the beginning of postmodern music from about 1930.


Premise: Where was the oath of office and secrecy taken?

Hypothesis: Virbhadra Singh who has held the top office in Himachal five times in the past, was administered the oath of office and secrecy by Governor Urmila Singh at an open ceremony at the historic Ridge Maidan in Shimla.


Premise: Are there any circumstances under which a digimon cannot be reborn?

Hypothesis: However, if a Digimon's data is completely destroyed, they will die.


Premise: Which interstate directly connects the east with the Arizona Sun Corridor and Imperial County?

Hypothesis: With the automobile being the primary means of transportation for over 80 percent of its residents, San Diego is served by a network of freeways and highways.


Premise: What event made war planning difficult in this period?

Hypothesis: Although he was against the actions taken against the veterans and strongly advised MacArthur against taking a public role in it, he later wrote the Army's official incident report, endorsing MacArthur's conduct.


Premise: Who said that Nasser conquered the Arab workd with radio?

Hypothesis: The Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs radio station spread Nasser's ideas of united Arab action throughout the Arabic-speaking world and historian Eugene Rogan wrote, "Nasser conquered the Arab world by radio."


Premise: What biblical passage outlines Jesus' role as a mediator?

Hypothesis: Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus is God's only direct creation, that everything else was created by means of Christ, and that the initial unassisted act of creation uniquely identifies Jesus as God's "only-begotten Son".


Premise: At what college did Schwarzenegger study but not receive his degree?

Hypothesis: After taking English classes at Santa Monica College in California, he earned a BA by correspondence from the University of Wisconsin–Superior, where he graduated with a degree in international marketing of fitness and business administration in 1979.


Premise: In what year did von Neumann publish the paper Numerical Integration of the Barotropic Vorticity Equation

Hypothesis: Von Neumann's team performed the world's first numerical weather forecasts on the ENIAC computer; von Neumann published the paper Numerical Integration of the Barotropic Vorticity Equation in 1950.


Premise: What is not very well developed in Peru?

Hypothesis: Cultural citizenship—or what Renato Rosaldo has called, "the right to be different and to belong, in a democratic, participatory sense" (1996:243)—is not yet very well developed in Peru.


Premise: In what city does Plymouth's ferry to Spain terminate?

Hypothesis: It has the largest operational naval base in Western Europe – HMNB Devonport and is home to Plymouth University.


Premise: Are the children who accompany the digimon always the same?

Hypothesis: The stories tell of a group of mostly pre-teens, who accompany special Digimon born to defend their world (and ours) from various evil forces.


Premise: When did Guam's Cathedral first open?

Hypothesis: de Letran.:68 Guam, along with the rest of the Mariana and Caroline Islands, were treated as part of Spain's colony in the Philippines.


Premise: Where is Catalan the only official language?

Hypothesis: It is also spoken with no official recognition in parts of the Spanish autonomous communities of Aragon (La Franja) and Murcia (Carche), and in the historic French region of Roussillon/Northern Catalonia, roughly equivalent to the department of Pyrénées-Orientales.


Premise: How much more expansive was the newest trade agreement?

Hypothesis: The Soviets were to receive a naval cruiser, the plans to the battleship Bismarck, heavy naval guns, other naval gear and thirty of Germany's latest warplanes, including the Me-109 and Me-110 fighters and Ju-88 bomber.


Premise: Though the US and the Soviet Union were both against colonialism, what was the US more afraid of?

Hypothesis: Much of Europe, a continent that had dominated the world for several centuries, was in ruins, and host to the armies of the United States and the Soviet Union, who now held the balance of global power.


Premise: What is the average family income in Boston?

Hypothesis: The per capita income for the city was $33,158.


Premise: What are programs that are designed to help with natural or manmade disaters?

Hypothesis: Humanitarian Assistance Operations are "programs conducted to relieve or reduce the results of natural or manmade disasters or other endemic conditions such as human pain, disease, hunger, or privation that might present a serious threat to life or that can result in great damage to or loss of property.


Premise: How many students in total were at Notre Dame in 2014?

Hypothesis: In 2014 the Notre Dame student body consisted of 12,179 students, with 8,448 undergraduates, 2,138 graduate and professional and 1,593 professional (Law, M.Div., Business, M.Ed.)


Premise: When does Spring start in Zhejiang?

Hypothesis: Spring starts in March and is rainy with changeable weather.


Premise: Who was Xiao Xiu?

Hypothesis: (475–518), a brother of Emperor Wu of Liang.


Premise: Between what centuries was the Tripartite struggle focused on Kannauj?

Hypothesis: The seventh century also saw the advent of Islam as a political power, though as a fringe, in the western part of the subcontinent, in modern-day Pakistan.


Premise: When did the OKL switch to night raids?

Hypothesis: But their operations were to no avail; the worsening weather and unsustainable attrition in daylight gave the OKL an excuse to switch to night attacks on 7 October.


Premise: What is F.A. Hayek's profession?

Hypothesis: The economist F. A. Hayek analyzed how the Rule of Law might be beneficial to the free market.


Premise: Insects hatch from what?

Hypothesis: The life cycles of insects vary but most hatch from eggs.


Premise: In the 1920's and 30's to theorist thought wars could be won by air forces what were their names?

Hypothesis: This thinking was prevalent in both the RAF and what was then known as the United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) between the two world wars.


Premise: Who replaced president Makarios Ill?

Hypothesis: In response to the coup, five days later, on 20 July 1974, the Turkish army invaded the island, citing a right to intervene to restore the constitutional order from the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee.


Premise: How many coelomata do leeches have?

Hypothesis: In leeches there are no septa, the connective tissue layer of the body wall is so thick that it occupies much of the body, and the two coelomata are widely separated and run the length of the body.


Premise: Popular music from the composer's time was incorporation into what?

Hypothesis: Examples include occasional music such as Brahms' use of student drinking songs in his Academic Festival Overture, genres exemplified by Kurt Weill's The Threepenny Opera, and the influence of jazz on early- and mid-20th-century composers including Maurice Ravel, exemplified by the movement entitled "Blues" in his sonata for violin and piano.


Premise: How can a minority leader attempt to set some agenda for house?

Hypothesis: Despite the minority leader's restricted ability to set the House's agenda, there are still opportunities for him to raise minority priorities.


Premise: When was the Empire State Building constructed?

Hypothesis: A highly influential example of the international style in the United States is the Seagram Building (1957), distinctive for its façade using visible bronze-toned I-beams to evoke the building's structure.


Premise: What is the tallest point in Lawrence?

Hypothesis: The University of Kansas (KU) is a public research university and the largest in the U.S. state of Kansas.


Premise: What sort of idealist was Descartes?

Hypothesis: The 2nd edition (1787) contained a Refutation of Idealism to distinguish his transcendental idealism from Descartes's Sceptical Idealism and Berkeley's anti-realist strain of Subjective Idealism.


Premise: A convert generally follows which practice?

Hypothesis: By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi woman who marries into an Orthodox or Haredi Ashkenazi Jewish family raises her children to be Ashkenazi Jews; conversely an Ashkenazi woman who marries a Sephardi or Mizrahi man is expected to take on Sephardic practice and the children inherit a Sephardic identity, though in practice many families compromise.


Premise: What proved its worth against the Dreyse rifle?

Hypothesis: The Chassepot rifle proved its worth against the Dreyse rifle, with French riflemen regularly outdistancing their Prussian counterparts in the skirmishing around Saarbrücken.


Premise: What label declined to work with Kanye after many meetings?

Hypothesis: Multiple record companies ignored him because he did not portray the gangsta image prominent in mainstream hip hop at the time.


Premise: What act is the FBI required to process requests for?

Hypothesis: " The FBI is in process of moving its Records Management Division, which processes Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests, to Winchester, Virginia.


Premise: Reviewer Alexander Macfarlane believed that the main idea of the work is a comparative study of what?

Hypothesis: In a separate review, G. B. Mathews wrote, "It possesses a unity of design which is really remarkable, considering the variety of its themes."


Premise: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1916 did Wilson get?

Hypothesis: It was only 32 years earlier, by contrast, that another Republican former Governor who narrowly lost the Presidency, Charles Evans Hughes, had won 42.6% of the Bronx's 1916 vote against Democratic President Woodrow Wilson's 49.8% and Socialist candidate Allan Benson's 7.3%.)


Premise: As of 2013, how many people worked for a securities business in New York?

Hypothesis: Many large financial companies are headquartered in New York City, and the city is also home to a burgeoning number of financial startup companies.


Premise: What 2 Unitary authorities were established in april 1996

Hypothesis: The two unitary authorities — which were established on 1 April 1996 following the break-up of the short-lived county of Avon — are North Somerset, and Bath & North East Somerset.


Premise: How many languages are spoken by the people of New York City?

Hypothesis: Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.


Premise: Of his published works, what topics were they covering?

Hypothesis: He published 150 papers in his life; 60 in pure mathematics, 20 in physics, and 60 in applied mathematics.


Premise: Did 9/11 lead to more FBI oversight?

Hypothesis: While the FBI has acceded to most of the recommendations, including oversight by the new Director of National Intelligence, some former members of the 9/11 Commission publicly criticized the FBI in October 2005, claiming it was resisting any meaningful changes.


Premise: Who first sold a million copies on CD?

Hypothesis: The first major artist to have his entire catalogue converted to CD was David Bowie, whose 15 studio albums were made available by RCA Records in February 1985, along with four greatest hits albums.


Premise: How many people attended the service in Lviv?

Hypothesis: In late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Scherbytsky, lampooned as "the mastodon of stagnation.


Premise: What was change made to corporate taxes in 2005?

Hypothesis: A new taxation law implemented in 2005 decreased corporate taxes from 40% to the current 20%, resulting in a stated 100% increase in tax revenue by the year 2006.


Premise: What is the primary consideration for determining if projects may be carried out in areas with endangered species?

Hypothesis: The question to be answered is whether a listed species will be harmed by the action and, if so, how the harm can be minimized.


Premise: Who had control over Iraq before it was recaptured in 1639?

Hypothesis: During his brief majority reign, Murad IV (1612–1640) reasserted central authority and recaptured Iraq (1639) from the Safavids.


Premise: What plain is Punjab in?

Hypothesis: Since independence, Punjab has become the seat of political and economic power; it remains the most industrialised province of Pakistan.


Premise: What date did the Soviet Council of Ministers issue a declaration to remove native Estonians?

Hypothesis: On 12 January 1949, the Soviet Council of Ministers issued a decree "on the expulsion and deportation" from Baltic states of "all kulaks and their families, the families of bandits and nationalists", and others.


Premise: Where was Sand's estate located where they stayed for the summers until 1846?

Hypothesis: In May 1839 they headed for the summer to Sand's estate at Nohant, where they spent most summers until 1846.


Premise: What city is Iran's capital?

Hypothesis: Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading cultural and economic center.


Premise: The Aboriginal population declined by what estimated percentage by 1863?

Hypothesis: With the gold rush largely over by 1860, Melbourne continued to grow on the back of continuing gold mining, as the major port for exporting the agricultural products of Victoria, especially wool, and a developing manufacturing sector protected by high tariffs.


Premise: Who used the legislative session to debate and criticize?

Hypothesis: Composing the final legislative group in the Soviet Union, those elected in 1989 played a vital part in reforms and the eventual breakup of the Soviet Union during the next two years.


Premise: How were these relationships with the other countries most likely established ?

Hypothesis: Businesses frequently comprised the extended family, and with them they brought schools teaching Greek and the Greek Orthodox Church.


Premise: The Royal College of Art and the Royal College of Music are examples of what type of schools?

Hypothesis: There are a number of business schools in London, including the London School of Business and Finance, Cass Business School (part of City University London), Hult International Business School, ESCP Europe, European Business School London, Imperial College Business School and the London Business School.


Premise: Who is Northwestern's faculty member notable for winning the Nobel Prize?

Hypothesis: Notable former faculty include political advisor David Axelrod, artist Ed Paschke, writer Charles Newman, Nobel Prize–winning chemist John Pople, and military sociologist and "don't ask, don't tell" author Charles Moskos.


Premise: What types of fires can start in parks and woodlands?

Hypothesis: New York is also home to one of the largest subway systems in the world, consisting of hundreds of miles of tunnel with electrified track.


Premise: Along with Plymouth and Devonport, what settlement comprised the Three Towns?

Hypothesis: The Three Towns conurbation of Plymouth, Stonehouse and Devonport enjoyed some prosperity during the late 18th and early 19th century and were enriched by a series of neo-classical urban developments designed by London architect John Foulston.


Premise: What does DIANE in Project DIANE stand for?

Hypothesis: While videoconferencing technology was initially used primarily within internal corporate communication networks, one of the first community service usages of the technology started in 1992 through a unique partnership with PictureTel and IBM Corporations which at the time were promoting a jointly developed desktop based videoconferencing product known as the PCS/1.


Premise: Who wrote the poem Die Alpen?

Hypothesis: Rousseau's conception of alpine purity was later emphasized with the publication of Albrecht von Haller's poem Die Alpen that described the mountains as an area of mythical purity.


Premise: When was Gaius Marius elected to the position of consul?

Hypothesis: His nemesis, Gaius Marius, a legate from a virtually unknown provincial family, returned from the war in Numidia and was elected consul in 107 BC over the objections of the aristocratic senators.


Premise: What should chronic pain be considered in its own right?

Hypothesis: In 2011, Human Rights Watch alerted that tens of millions of people worldwide are still denied access to inexpensive medications for severe pain.


Premise: How are NPOs classified in Canada?

Hypothesis: Canada allows nonprofits to be incorporated or unincorporated.


Premise: Feynman's algorithim included writing the problem, thinking, and then what?

Hypothesis: The student asks, well, what are Feynman's methods?


Premise: What does Muthappan use for his hunting dog for?

Hypothesis: Muthappan from North Malabar region of Kerala has a hunting dog as his mount.


Premise: Over how many million people speak Czech?

Hypothesis: Czech (/ˈtʃɛk/; čeština Czech pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʃɛʃcɪna]), formerly known as Bohemian (/boʊˈhiːmiən, bə-/; lingua Bohemica in Latin), is a West Slavic language strongly influenced by Latin and German language, spoken by over 10 million people and it is the official language of the Czech Republic.


Premise: Who was the Umayyad governor of Khurasan who was defeated by Abu Muslim?

Hypothesis: He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwards.


Premise: What was the date that the first human reached space?

Hypothesis: The Soviet Union beat the US to this, with the October 4, 1957 orbiting of Sputnik 1, and later beat the US to the first human in space, Yuri Gagarin, on April 12, 1961.


Premise: What is another possible weapon for anti-aircraft use?

Hypothesis: In particular the Tactical High Energy Laser can be used in the anti-aircraft and anti-missile role.


Premise: Who was in control of the south of China?

Hypothesis: This formally ended the Han dynasty and initiated an age of conflict between three states: Cao Wei, Eastern Wu, and Shu Han.


Premise: What kind of leaves are large and flat?

Hypothesis: Stems mainly provide support to the leaves and reproductive structures, but can store water in succulent plants such as cacti, food as in potato tubers, or reproduce vegetatively as in the stolons of strawberry plants or in the process of layering.


Premise: Missionaries from which country started The Presbyterian Church in Vanuatu?

Hypothesis: The Presbyterian Church in Vanuatu is the largest denomination in the country, with approximately one-third of the population of Vanuatu members of the church.


Premise: When was the Conditional Access Directive passed in the EU?

Hypothesis: Equivalent provisions, to prevent circumvention of copyright protection have existed in EU for some time, and are being expanded in, for example, Article 6 and 7 the Copyright Directive.


Premise: Which group originated as a national and religious group in the Middle East during the second millennium BCE, in the part of the Levant known as the Land of Israel?

Hypothesis: Jews originated as a national and religious group in the Middle East during the second millennium BCE, in the part of the Levant known as the Land of Israel.


Premise: In which previous catastrophe not live up to international standards?

Hypothesis: Rescue efforts performed by the Chinese government were praised by western media, especially in comparison with Myanmar's blockage of foreign aid during Cyclone Nargis, as well as China's previous performance during the 1976 Tangshan earthquake.


Premise: how do isps provide internet access?

Hypothesis: ISPs provide Internet access, employing a range of technologies to connect users to their network.


Premise: What type of computing did Feynman and his son help develop?

Hypothesis: Feynman had a great deal of success teaching Carl, using, for example, discussions about ants and Martians as a device for gaining perspective on problems and issues.


Premise: How much of the Latino population did Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans and Cuban Americans make up in 1991?

Hypothesis: Latinos are disadvantaged compared to White Americans and are more likely to live in poverty.


Premise: The affective-motivational dimension of pain is characterized by what urge?

Hypothesis: In 1968 Ronald Melzack and Kenneth Casey described pain in terms of its three dimensions: "sensory-discriminative" (sense of the intensity, location, quality and duration of the pain), "affective-motivational" (unpleasantness and urge to escape the unpleasantness), and "cognitive-evaluative" (cognitions such as appraisal, cultural values, distraction and hypnotic suggestion).


Premise: What disease do hospitals hope to prevent by installing copper doornobs?

Hypothesis: Some 355 copper alloys were proven to kill more than 99.9% of disease-causing bacteria within just two hours when cleaned regularly.


Premise: When did the Russo-Persian War end?

Hypothesis: Owing to the century long Turco-Iranian geo-political rivalry that would last in Western Asia, significant parts of the region were frequently fought over between the two rivalling empires.


Premise: The decline of what empire allowed the rule of the Kabul Shahi empire?

Hypothesis: The Shahis are generally split up into two eras: the Buddhist Shahis and the Hindu Shahis, with the change-over thought to have occurred sometime around 870.


Premise: When did George W. Bush first say 'war on terror'?

Hypothesis: On 20 September 2001, during a televised address to a joint session of congress, Bush stated that, "(o)ur 'war on terror' begins with al-Qaeda, but it does not end there.


Premise: What are some examples of Portugal's public cultural facilities?

Hypothesis: Portugal has developed a specific culture while being influenced by various civilizations that have crossed the Mediterranean and the European continent, or were introduced when it played an active role during the Age of Discovery.


Premise: In what city did the 1972 attack on Israeli athletes occur?

Hypothesis: He funded the Black September Organization who perpetrated the 1972 Munich massacre of Israeli athletes in West Germany, and had the killed militants' bodies flown to Libya for a hero's funeral.


Premise: Noyce's IC was made up of what material?

Hypothesis: Produced at Fairchild Semiconductor, it was made of silicon, whereas Kilby's chip was made of germanium.


Premise: What is a Pirani gauge sensitive to?

Hypothesis: In this type of gauge, a wire filament is heated by running current through it.


Premise: What is the least-accountable IGO?

Hypothesis: 2007) Interpol had the lowest scores in its category (IGOs), coming in tenth with a score of 22% on overall accountability capabilities (p. 19).


Premise: Who reported Apple's market share in 2007?

Hypothesis: In January 2007 the iPod market share reached 72.7% according to Bloomberg Online.


Premise: Why did Senator Boxer say she voted the way she did?

Hypothesis: Four people elected to the House had not yet taken office, and one seat was vacant.


Premise: Due to the presence of coral reefs, what activities are popular in Biscayne Bay?

Hypothesis: The largest and most popular parks are Bayfront Park and Bicentennial Park (located in the heart of Downtown and the location of the American Airlines Arena and Bayside Marketplace), Tropical Park, Peacock Park, Morningside Park, Virginia Key, and Watson Island.


Premise: What merged companies are the largest pay TV entity in the world?

Hypothesis: It is the second largest pay-TV company after the AT&T-DirecTV acquisition, largest cable TV company and largest home Internet service provider in the United States, and the nation's third largest home telephone service provider.


Premise: Who replaced Sony in 2010 as Idol's music label?

Hypothesis: Sony Music was partnered with American Idol and distribute its music, and In 2010, Sony was replaced by as the music label for American Idol by UMG's Interscope-Geffen-A&M Records.


Premise: How many horseman were likely to be found in a single manipular legion?

Hypothesis: The heavy infantry of the maniples were supported by a number of light infantry and cavalry troops, typically 300 horsemen per manipular legion.


Premise: What will Argo visit?

Hypothesis: Another, more recent proposal was for Argo, a flyby spacecraft to be launched in 2019, that would visit Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and a Kuiper belt object.


Premise: What led to Yale's Grievance Board and the Yale Women's Center?

Hypothesis: While unsuccessful in the courts, the legal reasoning behind the case changed the landscape of sex discrimination law and resulted in the establishment of Yale's Grievance Board and the Yale Women's Center.


Premise: What is also digested in the small intestine?

Hypothesis: Microbes produced in the reticulo-rumen are also digested in the small intestine.


Premise: What overlooks the bay of Montevideo?

Hypothesis: Fortaleza del Cerro overlooks the bay of Montevideo.


Premise: Which team received Premier League approval to relocate to Dublin?

Hypothesis: Participation in the Premier League by some Scottish or Irish clubs has sometimes been discussed, but without result.


Premise: From which areas did Alaskan supporters face political challenges?

Hypothesis: Statehood supporters also found themselves fighting major battles against political foes, mostly in the U.S. Congress but also within Alaska.


Premise: What population of Hyderabad lived in slums in 2012?

Hypothesis: According to a 2012 report submitted by GHMC to the World Bank, Hyderabad has 1,476 slums with a total population of 1.7 million, of whom 66% live in 985 slums in the "core" of the city (the part that formed Hyderabad before the April 2007 expansion) and the remaining 34% live in 491 suburban tenements.


Premise: For how many days was Gaddafi's corpse displayed in public?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi's corpse was placed in the freezer of a local market alongside the corpses of Yunis Jabr and Mutassim; the bodies were publicly displayed for four days, with Libyans from all over the country coming to view them.


Premise: What is considered to be the lifeline of Guam?

Hypothesis: The Commercial Port of Guam is the island's lifeline because most products must be shipped into Guam for consumers.


Premise: What philosopher did Avicenna discuss in his The Book of Healing text?

Hypothesis: Avicenna discussed the issue of a proper methodology for scientific inquiry and the question of "How does one acquire the first principles of a science?"


Premise: Where are the Suns based?

Hypothesis: National Basketball Association teams play eight preseason games per year.


Premise: How did supporters of the team view the inscriptions on bricks idea?

Hypothesis: In 1980, when the stadium was in need of redesign to meet UEFA criteria, the club raised money by offering supporters the opportunity to inscribe their name on the bricks for a small fee.


Premise: What did UN Security Council Resolution 82 accomplish?

Hypothesis: After debating the matter, the Security Council, on 27 June 1950, published Resolution 83 recommending member states provide military assistance to the Republic of Korea.


Premise: How many representatives does each tinkhundla elect to the Swazi House of Assembly?

Hypothesis: As noted above, there are 55 tinkhundla in Swaziland and each elects one representative to the House of Assembly of Swaziland.


Premise: Which church is situated at 135-139 West 31st Street?

Hypothesis: The former Hotel Pierrepont was located at 43 West 32nd Street, The Continental NYC tower is at the corner of Sixth Avenue and 32nd Street.


Premise: What is the downside to a :destination operating panel"?

Hypothesis: During the down peak period the benefit of destination control will be limited as passengers have a common destination.


Premise: When was KU's first student union constructed?

Hypothesis: The first union was built on campus in 1926 as a campus community center.


Premise: When does CBC News Now air?

Hypothesis: Other newscasts include parts of CBC News Now airing weekday at 6:00 a.m. and noon.


Premise: It is also common to connect an airport and a city with what?

Hypothesis: It is also common to connect an airport and a city with rapid transit, light rail lines or other non-road public transport systems.


Premise: What happened to Bermuda's independance due to British importance on them for military reasons?

Hypothesis: The end of the war, however, was to cause profound change in Bermuda, though some of those changes would take decades to crystallise.


Premise: When did the Gurkhas come into power?

Hypothesis: The Gurkhas, a martial tribe, came to power in Nepal in the year 1768.


Premise: Those receiving aid may have connections, pay bribes or what?

Hypothesis: Access to aid may be limited to those with connections, to those who pay bribes or are forced to give sexual favors.


Premise: How many comic books has Silver Samurai appeared in?

Hypothesis: Not only does the Silver Samurai make over 350 comic book appearances, the character is playable in several video games, such as Marvel Vs.


Premise: What are the two components in the Belgian political landscape?

Hypothesis: This specific dual form of federalism, with the special position of Brussels, consequently has a number of political issues—even minor ones—that are being fought out over the Dutch/French-language political division.


Premise: How much have Central state enterprises donated?

Hypothesis: Central State-owned enterprises have accumulatively donated more than $48.6 million.


Premise: What are the names of some of the incentive programs used to promote solar technology?

Hypothesis: Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan.


Premise: What are fermatas?

Hypothesis: Even if the tempo is written with an Italian instruction (e.g., Allegro), we do not know exactly how fast the piece should be played.


Premise: What occupation to Peter Carey, Germaine Greer, and Thomas Browne hold?

Hypothesis: Significant novels set in Melbourne include Fergus Hume's The Mystery of a Hansom Cab, Helen Garner's Monkey Grip and Christos Tsiolkas' The Slap.


Premise: Theories that there were invasions which overwhelmed or assimilated previous migrants into the Americas have been what?

Hypothesis: The data indicate that the individual was from a population directly ancestral to present South American and Central American Native American populations, and closely related to present North American Native American populations.


Premise: what about the FA Cup winner?

Hypothesis: The FA Cup winners qualify for the following season's UEFA Europa League (formerly named the UEFA Cup; until 1998 they entered the Cup Winners' Cup instead).


Premise: What was the final destination of the drugs going through Guinea-Bissau?

Hypothesis: Beginning around 2005, drug traffickers based in Latin America began to use Guinea-Bissau, along with several neighboring West African nations, as a transshipment point to Europe for cocaine.


Premise: Which monument was a popular meeting place?

Hypothesis: The transition from "movement" (an informal association) to "front" (a formal association) was seen as a natural "upgrade" once a movement gained momentum with the public, and the Soviet authorities no longer dared to crack down on it.


Premise: What happened that decimated a large portion of Ireland?

Hypothesis: The story that she donated only £5 in aid to the Irish, and on the same day gave the same amount to Battersea Dogs Home, was a myth generated towards the end of the 19th century.


Premise: The Luftwaffe lost what percentage of its bombers sent that day?

Hypothesis: Its hope was to destroy its targets and draw the RAF into defending them, allowing the Luftwaffe to destroy their fighters in large numbers, thereby achieving an air superiority.


Premise: What is the most frequent use of cotton?

Hypothesis: Although cultivated since antiquity, it was the invention of the cotton gin that lowered the cost of production that led to its widespread use, and it is the most widely used natural fiber cloth in clothing today.


Premise: How many people where missing after the 2012 Burma civil unrest ?

Hypothesis: According to Tun Khin, the president of the Burmese Rohingya Organisation UK (BROUK), as of 28 June 2012, 650 Rohingyas have been killed, 1,200 are missing, and more than 80,000 have been displaced.


Premise: What year did Guangxu die?

Hypothesis: In April 1911 Zaifeng created a cabinet in which there were two vice-premiers.


Premise: What was achieved though the use of the scientific study of anatomy in the field of art?

Hypothesis: Greater realism was also achieved through the scientific study of anatomy, championed by artists like Donatello.


Premise: What was proposed for the abbey in June 2009?

Hypothesis: In June 2009 the first major building work at the abbey for 250 years was proposed.


Premise: What event decimated urban populations in the 14th century?

Hypothesis: Twenty-two other cities were larger than 40,000; most of these were in Italy and the Iberian peninsula, but there were also some in France, the Empire, the Low Countries, plus London in England.


Premise: On which branch of Uralic language family can Estonian be found?

Hypothesis: It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.


Premise: What system assists a user in seeing a table?

Hypothesis: Data may be freely inserted, deleted and edited in these tables, with the DBMS doing whatever maintenance needed to present a table view to the application/user.


Premise: What emotion did many people feel over The Sun's coverage of Hillsborough?

Hypothesis: Organisations representing the relatives of Hillsborough victims described Miliband's action as an "absolute disgrace" and he faced criticism too from Liverpool Labour MPs and the city's Labour Mayor, Joe Anderson.


Premise: Where is London City Airport located?

Hypothesis: Stansted Airport, north east of London in Essex, is a local UK hub and Luton Airport to the north of London in Bedfordshire, caters mostly for cheap short-haul flights.


Premise: What part of London constitutes the bulk of the city?

Hypothesis: The conurbation also covers two English counties: the small district of the City of London and the county of Greater London.


Premise: What is the generally accepted date the Pacific War started?

Hypothesis: However, it is more widely accepted that the Pacific War itself started in early December 1941, with the Sino-Japanese War then becoming part of it as a theater of the greater World War II.[nb 9]


Premise: What are two events non-sports at which school songs are often heard?

Hypothesis: , "Kansas Song", "Sunflower Song", "Crimson and the Blue", "Red and Blue", the "Rock Chalk, Jayhawk" chant", "Home on the Range" and "Stand Up and Cheer."


Premise: When are the oldest beads thought to have been made?

Hypothesis: The earliest known glass objects, of the mid third millennium BCE, were beads, perhaps initially created as accidental by-products of metal-working (slags) or during the production of faience, a pre-glass vitreous material made by a process similar to glazing.


Premise: What character in Czech only exists in loanwords?

Hypothesis: As a result, some of its characters have been used by phonologists to denote corresponding sounds in other languages.


Premise: For how many years was American Idol the top rated show on television?

Hypothesis: Season eleven, however, suffered a steep drop in ratings, a drop attributed by some to the arrival of new shows such as The Voice and The X-Factor.


Premise: Which French citizen was involved in naming the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: The islands were named for Marshall on Western charts, although the natives have historically named their home "jolet


Premise: The mosaic at the Byzantine church of the Lazarium most closely resembles mosaics from which area?

Hypothesis: A second church was built above the older one during the 6th century with another more simple geometric mosaic floor.


Premise: How many forklift are available for use in it everyday production?

Hypothesis: Rail transportation access is available, with a private switch engine for yard movements and private siding for loading and unloading.


Premise: In what year did the Royal Charter give the University of Southampton its name?

Hypothesis: Southampton acquired city status, becoming the City of Southampton in 1964.


Premise: What is the percentage of binder in mastic asphalt?

Hypothesis: This thermoplastic substance is widely used in the building industry for waterproofing flat roofs and tanking underground.


Premise: How many people lived in the affected area?

Hypothesis: The earthquake left about 4.8 million people homeless, though the number could be as high as 11 million.


Premise: Who did Frazer eventually lose to in 1983?

Hypothesis: Fraser had promoted "states' rights" and his government refused to use Commonwealth powers to stop the construction of the Franklin Dam in Tasmania in 1982.


Premise: What group did Jens Galschiøt lead?

Hypothesis: The Color Orange democracy group, led by Danish sculptor Jens Galschiøt, originally planned to join the Hong Kong Alliance relay and paint the "Pillar of Shame", a structure he built in Hong Kong to commemorate the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests.


Premise: What was achieved by launching 9 additional satellites from 2009-2011?

Hypothesis: A total of 16 satellites were launched during this phase.


Premise: What act gave control of Saint Helena to the British Crown?

Hypothesis: The latter half of the 19th century saw the advent of steam ships not reliant on trade winds, as well as the diversion of Far East trade away from the traditional South Atlantic shipping lanes to a route via the Red Sea (which, prior to the building of the Suez Canal, involved a short overland section).


Premise: What script did Lebanese Christians sometimes use to write Lebanese Arabic during the civil war?

Hypothesis: During the civil war Christians often used Lebanese Arabic officially, and sporadically used the Latin script to write Lebanese, thus further distinguishing it from Arabic.


Premise: The Stamp Act Congress had a meeting in 1765 in which US city?

Hypothesis: The trial in Manhattan of John Peter Zenger in 1735 helped to establish the freedom of the press in North America.


Premise: What happened as a result of Maximilian's death?

Hypothesis: When Maximilian died, Albert's line died out, and the Duchy of Prussia passed to the Electors of Brandenburg, forming Brandenburg-Prussia.


Premise: What did the knight leave at the summit of Rocciamelone?

Hypothesis: The knight reached the summit of Rocciamelone where he left a bronze triptych of three crosses, a feat which he conducted with the use of ladders to traverse the ice.


Premise: Did these laws change behavior of white slaveholders and other powerful white men?

Hypothesis: These were prohibited from official relationships with whites.


Premise: How was the population figure for 2010 obtained?

Hypothesis: The statistics in 2011 estimated the total population to be 8.11 million.


Premise: At what age did Gautama come to pass?

Hypothesis: Gautama was now determined to complete his spiritual quest.


Premise: By which language was the Astur-Leonese replaced?

Hypothesis: The same thing happened to Astur-Leonese Language to the point where it is greatly reduced or completely replaced by the Castilian (Spanish Language).


Premise: What is the use of solar balloons typically limited to?

Hypothesis: Some solar balloons are large enough for human flight, but usage is generally limited to the toy market as the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high.


Premise: What organization was formed as a result of the talks?

Hypothesis: In January 1964, Nasser called for an Arab League summit in Cairo to establish a unified Arab response against Israel's plans to divert the Jordan River's waters for economic purposes, which Syria and Jordan deemed an act of war.


Premise: Mixed media and what else are becoming popular for making comics?

Hypothesis: Cartooning is most frequently used in making comics, traditionally using ink (especially India ink) with dip pens or ink brushes; mixed media and digital technology have become common.


Premise: What encodes the protein or RNA product?

Hypothesis: The transcribed pre-mRNA contains untranslated regions at both ends which contain a ribosome binding site, terminator and start and stop codons.


Premise: Tajwid describes rules for what noiseless aspect of articulating Quranic verses?

Hypothesis: The proper recitation of the Quran is the subject of a separate discipline named tajwid which determines in detail how the Quran should be recited, how each individual syllable is to be pronounced, the need to pay attention to the places where there should be a pause, to elisions, where the pronunciation should be long or short, where letters should be sounded together and where they should be kept separate, etc.


Premise: Who does pyometra affect?

Hypothesis: Both of these are acute conditions, and can kill rapidly.


Premise: What percentage of Galicians identify with this religion?

Hypothesis: The largest form of Christianity practised in the present day is Catholicism, though only 20% of the population described themselves as active members.


Premise: An EEG of the brain stands for what?

Hypothesis: EEG recordings, along with recordings made from electrodes implanted inside the brains of animals such as rats, show that the brain of a living animal is constantly active, even during sleep.


Premise: Women with red caps crowded around guillotines during the Reign of Terror to do what?

Hypothesis: During the Reign of Terror a statue of a woman titled liberty, painted red, was placed in the square in front of the guillotine.


Premise: Who was the chairman of the Australian Council of Chinese Organisations?

Hypothesis: Australian police have been given powers to search relay spectators, following a call by the Chinese Students and Scholars Association for Chinese Australian students to "go defend our sacred torch" against "ethnic degenerate scum and anti-China separatists".


Premise: What type of control system did the 55 millimeter gun use?

Hypothesis: The first attempt to produce such a system used a 50 mm gun, but this proved inaccurate and a new 55 mm gun replaced it.


Premise: What other Asian country, a group of islands, helped the Japanese?

Hypothesis: Collaborationist units from Hong Kong (reformed ex-colonial police), Philippines, Dutch East Indies (the PETA) and Dutch Guinea, British Malaya and British Borneo, Inner Mongolia and former French Indochina (after the overthrow of Vichy French regime) as well as Timorese militia also assisted Japanese war efforts.


Premise: Germany's Joint Senate of the Supreme Courts is also known by what name?

Hypothesis: When it comes to civil and criminal cases, the Bundesgerichtshof is at the top of the hierarchy of courts.


Premise: What has been used to connect digital cameras. smartphones and other devices to tablet computers?

Hypothesis: The mini-B USB connector was standard for transferring data to and from the early smartphones and PDAs.


Premise: What is the pro of 4GL over a 3G language?

Hypothesis: The benefit of 4GL is that it provides ways to obtain information without requiring the direct help of a programmer.


Premise: Identify a success of the Austrians?

Hypothesis: The end of that year saw Frederick once more victorious, defeating the able Daun in the Battle of Torgau; but he suffered very heavy casualties, and the Austrians retreated in good order.


Premise: Whittington Park, Majestic Park, and Fogel Field were all built where?

Hypothesis: Whittington Park (1894) and later Majestic Park (1909) and Fogel Field (1912) were all built in Hot Springs specifically to host Major League teams.


Premise: What was the name of the Grain Intendant?

Hypothesis: To protect crops from wind and drought, the Grain Intendant Zhao Guo (趙過) created the alternating fields system (daitianfa 代田法) during Emperor Wu's reign.


Premise: How are sporophytes generated in liverworts?

Hypothesis: The underground vascularised roots bear root hairs at their tips and generally lack chlorophyll. Non-vascular plants, the liverworts, hornworts and mosses


Premise: What other famous French cathedral did Viollet-le-Duc work on?

Hypothesis: Viollet-le-Duc compiled and coordinated an Encyclopédie médiévale that was a rich repertory his contemporaries mined for architectural details.


Premise: What happened when regions underwent desertification?

Hypothesis: Shortly after the Mane conquered the region, the Vai people of the former Mali Empire immigrated into the Grand Cape Mount region.


Premise: What culture is most represented in the food of Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: The influence of Mughlai culture is also evident in the city's distinctive cuisine, which includes Hyderabadi biryani and Hyderabadi haleem.


Premise: Which individual estimated millions of Muslim deaths in the Balkans in the late 19th and early 20th century?

Hypothesis: This resulted in around 400,000 Muslims fleeing with the retreating Ottoman armies (with many dying from cholera brought by the soldiers), and with some 400,000 non-Muslims fleeing territory still under Ottoman rule.


Premise: What did Cheney refer to him as, after hearing Kerry's comments about his daughter?

Hypothesis: Bush and Kerry met for the third and final debate at Arizona State University on October 13.


Premise: In 1843 what brought growth to Utrecht

Hypothesis: In 1853, the Dutch government allowed the bishopric of Utrecht to be reinstated by Rome, and Utrecht became the centre of Dutch Catholicism once more.


Premise: What group are older than the Dominican Friars?

Hypothesis: This convent would become the foundation of the Dominican nuns, thus making the Dominican nuns older than the Dominican friars.


Premise: What network did American Idol debut on?

Hypothesis: It was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman.


Premise: Who was the first non-Fujiwara emperor since the ninth century?

Hypothesis: The Fujiwara controlled the throne until the reign of Emperor Go-Sanjō (1068-1073), the first emperor not born of a Fujiwara mother since the ninth century.


Premise: How many PCs does Dell employ energy management software on?

Hypothesis: The largest component of the company's internal energy-efficiency savings comes through PC power management: the company expects to save $1.8 million in energy costs through using specialized energy-management software on a network of 50,000 PCs.


Premise: What is one area where the Vikings created a permanent settlement in the British Isles?

Hypothesis: Viking invasions began in the 9th century, followed by more permanent settlements, particularly along the east coast of Ireland, the west coast of modern-day Scotland and the Isle of Man.


Premise: As a living divus, what was the emperor to Rome?

Hypothesis: He was not a living divus but father of his country (pater patriae), its pontifex maximus (greatest priest) and at least notionally, its leading Republican.


Premise: The highest ranking person's title in British india is?

Hypothesis: The Governor General and the council would have complete legislative powers.


Premise: What fraction of land was under cultivation using the two-field system?

Hypothesis: The development of a three-field rotation system for planting crops[AA] increased the usage of land from one half in use each year under the old two-field system to two-thirds under the new system, with a consequent increase in production.


Premise: What did they use to lure German bombers away from their targets?

Hypothesis: In general, German bombers were likely to get through to their targets without too much difficulty.


Premise: How many airlines operate out of Richmond International?

Hypothesis: Richmond International is now served by nine airlines with over 200 daily flights providing non-stop service to major destination markets and connecting flights to destinations worldwide.


Premise: How many days of sunshine does Tucson get each year?

Hypothesis: The base will soon have the largest solar-generating capacity in the United States Department of Defense after awarding a contract on September 10, 2010, to SunEdison to construct a 14.5 MW PV field on the northwestern side of the base.


Premise: What was the name of the hurricane in 2003?

Hypothesis: The most recent hurricane to have a considerable effect on the area was Isabel in 2003.


Premise: What is the significance of the Marshall Islands joining the International Labour Organization?

Hypothesis: This may impact business conditions in the islands.


Premise: Of what did Tuvalu agree to the extension ?

Hypothesis: Tuvalu and the other members of the Pacific Island Forum Fisheries Agency (FFA) and the United States have settled a tuna fishing deal for 2015; a longer term deal will be negotiated.


Premise: Who did not want to participate in the relay as 'caged woman'?

Hypothesis: The noted Indian social activist and a retired Indian Police Service (IPS) officer Kiran Bedi refused to participate saying "she doesn’t want to run in the event as ‘caged woman’.


Premise: What is identified as determining how a person views him or herself to a significant degree?

Hypothesis: Other aspects of identity, such as racial, religious, ethnic, occupational… etc. may also be more or less significant – or significant in some situations but not in others (Weinreich & Saunderson 2003 pp26–34).


Premise: What will happen to the components when the temperature of resin goes above that of glass transition?

Hypothesis: As the reinforcement and copper confine the board along the plane, virtually all volume expansion projects to the thickness and stresses the plated-through holes.


Premise: In what year did Constantinople fall?

Hypothesis: These two things would later lead to the Protestant Reformation.


Premise: The Free Church in Scotland  has something in place that only a few churches have implemented, what is it called?

Hypothesis: This formulation represents many years of struggle over the extent to which the confession reflects the Word of God and the struggle of conscience of those who came to believe it did not fully do so (e.g. William Robertson Smith).


Premise: Who is the current president of Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: A number of university heads are alumni, including Notre Dame's current president, the Rev. John Jenkins.


Premise: What are the two different programs offered at KU's Schoold of Journalism?

Hypothesis: The school offers two tracts of study: News and Information and Strategic Communication.


Premise: What was the standard weapon until the 1950s?

Hypothesis: Until the 1950s guns firing ballistic munitions were the standard weapon; guided missiles then became dominant, except at the very shortest ranges.


Premise: Following the reversal of its decision, Shell published what?

Hypothesis: Shell subsequently published an unequivocal commitment to sustainable development, supported by executive speeches reinforcing this commitment.


Premise: What are two national parks located in the mountainous regions?

Hypothesis: Much of the Pacific Northwest coast is inhabited by some of the densest vegetation outside of the Tropics, and also the tallest trees in the world (the Redwoods).


Premise: What is the name of the hospital in Monrova?

Hypothesis: whereas the incidence of tuberculosis was 420 per 100,000 people in 2008.


Premise: What is the most basic belief of the Muslim religion?

Hypothesis: Islam's most fundamental concept is tawhid (meaning "oneness" or "uniqueness").


Premise: What are the first datings of Bronze artifacts from the Vinca culture?

Hypothesis: This term has gradually fallen out of favor because in some parts of the world the Chalcolithic and Neolithic are coterminous at both ends.


Premise: What is the average snowfall in Oklahoma near the Colorado border?

Hypothesis: The state is home to the Storm Prediction Center, the National Severe Storms Laboratory, and the Warning Decision Training Branch, all part of the National Weather Service and located in Norman.


Premise: What kind of realism did Popper believe Tarski's theory supported?

Hypothesis: As early as 1934, Popper wrote of the search for truth as "one of the strongest motives for scientific discovery."


Premise: During what years was the Samoan influenza epidemic?

Hypothesis: In the first incident, approximately one fifth of the Samoan population died in the influenza epidemic of 1918–1919.


Premise: How many stray dogs do studies suggest are in Detroit?

Hypothesis: Some parts of Detroit are so sparsely populated that the city has difficulty providing municipal services.


Premise: Who is Europe's longest serving Prime Minister?

Hypothesis: The former Prime Minister of Estonia, Andrus Ansip, is also Europe's longest-serving Prime Minister (from 2005 until 2014).


Premise: What else is disqualification called?

Hypothesis: Disqualification (sometimes abbreviated as "DQ") occurs when a wrestler violates the match's rules, thus losing automatically.


Premise: Which country is the world's largest producer of films?

Hypothesis: In framing its presentations, the association has claimed that people are entitled to the property that is produced by their labor.


Premise: Who vanished from the population of the Balkans?

Hypothesis: Over time, due to the larger number of Slavs, most descendants of the indigenous populations of the Balkans were Slavicized.


Premise: Where did Victoria really align herself when it came to religion?

Hypothesis: He also pushed the Royal Titles Act 1876 through Parliament, so that Victoria took the title "Empress of India" from 1 May 1876.


Premise: What elements of punk rock did post-punk depart from?

Hypothesis: Post-punk is a heterogeneous type of rock music that emerged in the wake of the punk movement of the 1970s.


Premise: During that 18th century period, literature began to be applied how?

Hypothesis: In Western Europe prior to the eighteenth century, literature as a term indicated all books and writing.


Premise: Where are green eyes most common?

Hypothesis: Green eyes are most common in Northern and Central Europe.


Premise: The 360 earned 38 nominations and 12 wins from what organization in 2007?

Hypothesis: At the 2008 Game Developers Conference, Microsoft announced that it expected over 1,000 games available for Xbox 360 by the end of the year.


Premise: What school was established in 1851?

Hypothesis: The Royal School of Mines was established by Sir Henry de la Beche in 1851, developing from the Museum of Economic Geology, a collection of minerals, maps and mining equipment.


Premise: What was the City Island Historical Society and Nautical Museum's building originally?

Hypothesis: The peninsular borough's maritime heritage is acknowledged in several ways.


Premise: What was the name of the aircraft that crashed into the World Trade Center's North Tower on September 11, 2001?

Hypothesis: The city and surrounding area suffered the bulk of the economic damage and largest loss of human life in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks when 10 of the 19 terrorists associated with Al-Qaeda piloted American Airlines Flight 11 into the North Tower of the World Trade Center and United Airlines Flight 175 into the South Tower of the World Trade Center, and later destroyed them, killing 2,192 civilians, 343 firefighters, and 71 law enforcement officers who were in the towers and in the surrounding area.


Premise: Who sang medieval plainchant?

Hypothesis: Given the wide range of styles in classical music, from Medieval plainchant sung by monks to Classical and Romantic symphonies for orchestra from the 1700s and 1800s to avant-garde atonal compositions for solo piano from the 1900s, it is difficult to list characteristics that can be attributed to all works of that type.


Premise: What is the niche market of phonograph record fans known as?

Hypothesis: From the 1990s to the 2010s, records continued to be manufactured and sold on a much smaller scale, and were especially used by disc jockeys (DJ)s, released by artists in some genres, and listened to by a niche market of audiophiles.


Premise: How many transmitters did CBC intend to upgrade before August 2011?

Hypothesis: Further, the CBC stated in the release, that only 15 of the transmitters would be in place by August 31, 2011 due to lack of available funds, and that the remainder would not be on the air until as late as August 31, 2012.


Premise: Where did the confirmation of privileges of Jedlnia take place?

Hypothesis: In 1430 with the Privileges of Jedlnia, confirmed at Kraków in 1433 (Polish: "przywileje jedlneńsko-krakowskie"), based partially on his earlier Brześć Kujawski privilege (April 25, 1425), King Władysław II Jagiełło granted the nobility a guarantee against arbitrary arrest, similar to the English Magna Carta's Habeas corpus, known from its own Latin name as "neminem captivabimus (nisi jure victum)."


Premise: How many broad types of anti-infective drugs exist?

Hypothesis: Several broad types of anti-infective drugs exist, depending on the type of organism targeted; they include antibacterial (antibiotic; including antitubercular), antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic (including antiprotozoal and antihelminthic) agents.


Premise: How many people have membership in the Royal Institute?

Hypothesis: Formerly, fellowships of the institute were granted, although no longer; those who continue to hold this title instead add FRIBA.


Premise: When was his last full day in Venice?

Hypothesis: Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile,[b] and after eleven ballots, was elected to succeed the late Pius XII, so it came as no surprise to him, though he had arrived at the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice.[citation needed]


Premise: How did the Arab world react to news of the nationalization of the Suez Canal?

Hypothesis: The official reason given for the nationalization was that funds from the canal would be used for the construction of the dam in Aswan.


Premise: Which religious group made up the majority of the population in Prussia?

Hypothesis: The population of the province in 1900 was 1,996,626 people, with a religious makeup of 1,698,465 Protestants, 269,196 Roman Catholics, and 13,877 Jews.


Premise: Who did John marry Joan to?

Hypothesis: John took a close interest in Wales and knew the country well, visiting every year between 1204 and 1211 and marrying his illegitimate daughter, Joan, to the Welsh prince Llywelyn the Great.


Premise: What percentage of the New York City population is Japanese?

Hypothesis: Koreans made up 1.2% of the city's population, and Japanese 0.3%.


Premise: Along with the Chicago Bruisers, Denver Dynamite and Pittsburgh Gladiators, what team was one of the original AFL teams?

Hypothesis: Davis hired the original coaches and was the architect of the league's original wide-open offensive playbooks.


Premise: When did Claridge's company liquidate?

Hypothesis: However, the First World War impacted financially on the Clarmac Company, which entered into liquidation in 1915.


Premise: What historian commented that the events involving Frédéric's friend in Poland contributed to his maturing?

Hypothesis: Jachimecki ascribes to these events the composer's maturing "into an inspired national bard who intuited the past, present and future of his native Poland."


Premise: The symmetry group of the general theory of relativity includes what?

Hypothesis: As such the covariance group of the general theory of relativity is just the covariance group of every theory.


Premise: What happened during the c. 488–444 Ma and early Silurian period?

Hypothesis: 488–444 Ma and early Silurian period, when the craton Baltica collided with the terrane Avalonia to form the mountains and hills in northern Britain and Ireland.


Premise: How severe are Florida disenfranchisement laws

Hypothesis: As in other aspects of the criminal justice system, this law has disproportionate effects for minorities.


Premise: What is generally the hottest month in Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: The coolest temperatures occur in December and January, when the lowest temperature occasionally dips to 10 °C (50 °F).


Premise: What did the DHS focus on?

Hypothesis: In addition to military efforts abroad, in the aftermath of 9/11 the Bush Administration increased domestic efforts to prevent future attacks.


Premise: When was Longchamp isolated in the Tower of London?

Hypothesis: Armed conflict broke out between John and Longchamp, and by October 1191 Longchamp was isolated in the Tower of London with John in control of the city of London, thanks to promises John had made to the citizens in return for recognition as Richard's heir presumptive.


Premise: What monument was created in 1818?

Hypothesis: the Burns Monument at Alloway (1818) and the (Royal) High School in Edinburgh (1823–29).


Premise: New Haven Hospital is located at where in Hospital Green?

Hypothesis: Popular farmers' markets, managed by the local non-profit CitySeed, set up shop weekly in several neighborhoods, including Westville/Edgewood Park, Fair Haven, Upper State Street, Wooster Square, and Downtown/New Haven Green.


Premise: How many bombers hit Birmingham?

Hypothesis: Five nights later, Birmingham was hit by 369 bombers from KG 54, KG 26, and KG 55.


Premise: An RPG fired at a steep angle has what reflecting off the ground?

Hypothesis: In Somalia, militia members sometimes welded a steel plate in the exhaust end of an RPG's tube to deflect pressure away from the shooter when shooting up at US helicopters.


Premise: What does the cambium separate?

Hypothesis: In each bundle, separating the xylem and phloem, is a layer of meristem or active formative tissue known as cambium.


Premise: Which kingdom did the Chola navy attack during the 11th century?

Hypothesis: Soon after that, the king of Kedah Phra Ong Mahawangsa became the first ruler to abandon the traditional Hindu faith, and converted to Islam with the Sultanate of Kedah established in year 1136.


Premise: When was the Third Battle of Panipat?

Hypothesis: The Third Battle of Panipat took place on 1761, Ahmad Shah Abdali invaded the Maratha territory of Punjab and captured remnants of the Maratha Empire in Punjab and Kashmir regions and re-consolidated control over them.


Premise: When did the Environmental Protocol become effective?

Hypothesis: A major concern within this committee is the risk to Antarctica from unintentional introduction of non-native species from outside the region.


Premise: Who suggested the September 11 attacks on the United States were inspired by a masonic world order?

Hypothesis: For example, In 1980, the Iraqi legal and penal code was changed by Saddam Hussein's ruling Ba'ath Party, making it a felony to "promote or acclaim Zionist principles, including Freemasonry, or who associate [themselves] with Zionist organisations".


Premise: Who triggered the Persian Revolt?

Hypothesis: The brouhaha was initially triggered by the actions of the Median ruler Astyages, and was quickly spread to other provinces, as they allied with the Persians.


Premise: What major cities later adopted Tucson's city council public funding system?

Hypothesis: Many cities, such as San Francisco and New York City, have copied this system, albeit with more complex spending and matching formulas.


Premise: Where does CBNT-DT broadcast from?

Hypothesis: CJON-DT, known on air as "NTV", is an independent station.


Premise: Who issued the first Papal prounouncement against Freemasonry?

Hypothesis: The first was Pope Clement XII's In eminenti apostolatus, 28 April 1738; the most recent was Pope Leo XIII's Ab apostolici, 15 October 1890.


Premise: What was the title of the anti-drug music video Schwarzenegger appeared in under the Reagan administration's sponsorship?

Hypothesis: In 1985, Schwarzenegger appeared in "Stop the Madness", an anti-drug music video sponsored by the Reagan administration.


Premise: What type of excercise has shown the best benefit for the brain?

Hypothesis: The effects of exercise on memory have important implications for improving children's academic performance, maintaining mental abilities in old age, and the prevention and potential cure of neurological diseases.


Premise: Who was Governor of Michigan in 1970?

Hypothesis: On August 18, 1970, the NAACP filed suit against Michigan state officials, including Governor William Milliken, charging de facto public school segregation.


Premise: According to Thomas Paine, what is the definition of Deism?

Hypothesis: Instead, the Deist relies solely on personal reason to guide his creed, which was eminently agreeable to many thinkers of the time.


Premise: When did the Rolling Stones release "(I Can't Get No" Satisfaction"?

Hypothesis: Early forms of hard rock can be heard in the work of Chicago blues musicians Elmore James, Muddy Waters, and Howlin' Wolf, The Kingsmen's version of "Louie Louie" (1963) which made it a garage rock standard, and the songs of rhythm and blues influenced British Invasion acts, including "You Really Got Me" by The Kinks (1964), "My Generation" by The Who (1965), "Shapes of Things" (1966) by The Yardbirds and "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" (1965) by The Rolling Stones.


Premise: After the loan program was announced, which countries borrowed the most?

Hypothesis: The by far biggest amount of €325bn was tapped by banks in Greece, Ireland, Italy and Spain.


Premise: When did Emperor Ming of Han's reign end?

Hypothesis: China's first known Buddhist temple, the White Horse Temple, was erected during Ming's reign.


Premise: What was Apple's Mac OS X based on?

Hypothesis: In 2001, Apple introduced Mac OS X, based on Darwin and NEXTSTEP; its new features included the Dock and the Aqua user interface.


Premise: Which journalist felt Idol produced entertaining TV more than entertaining music?

Hypothesis: Lisa de Moraes of The Washington Post noted sarcastically that "The terrorists have won" and, with a sideswipe at the show's commercialism and voting process, that the decision as to who "gets to turn this important site into just another cog in the 'Great American Idol Marketing Mandala' is in the hands of the millions of girls who have made American Idol a hit.


Premise: Why did the Nicaraguans come to America?

Hypothesis: Throughout the 1980s with the United States supported Contra War (or Contra-revolutionary war) which continued up until 1988, and the economic collapse of the country many more Nicaraguans migrated to the United States amongst other countries.


Premise: What are two other job titles of the Prime Minister of the  UK?

Hypothesis: As well as being head of government, a prime minister may have other roles or titles—


Premise: To whom is the Boeing credit union open?

Hypothesis: The company's credit union for employees, BECU, remains based in the Seattle area, though it is now open to all residents of Washington.


Premise: What did the court determine was the fate for Maclean after shooting the Queen?

Hypothesis: On 2 March 1882, Roderick Maclean, a disgruntled poet apparently offended by Victoria's refusal to accept one of his poems, shot at the Queen as her carriage left Windsor railway station.


Premise: What clubs were playing during the first penalty?

Hypothesis: Replays were traditionally played three or four days after the original game, but from 1991–92 they were staged at least 10 days later on police advice.


Premise: What happens with the pinch off part of the outer membrane?

Hypothesis: In addition to the use of the multiprotein complexes listed above, Gram-negative bacteria possess another method for release of material: the formation of outer membrane vesicles.


Premise: Did other countries actively participate in business that first rang a bell to begin in the winter of 2014 in Myanmar ?

Hypothesis: In December 2014, Myanmar signed an agreement to set up its first stock exchange.


Premise: Burke thought the French Revolution was against whose principles?

Hypothesis: Burke knew that many members of the Whig Party did not share Fox's views and he wanted to provoke them into condemning the French Revolution.


Premise: The term Pre-Columbian technically refers to which era?

Hypothesis: "Pre-Columbian" is used especially often in the context of discussing the great indigenous civilizations of the Americas, such as those of Mesoamerica (the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacano, the Zapotec, the Mixtec, the Aztec, and the Maya civilizations) and those of the Andes (Inca Empire, Moche culture, Muisca Confederation, Cañaris).


Premise: Aside from Italo-Dalmatian, what is another term for the group that Italian languages belong to?

Hypothesis: This wide category includes:


Premise: At which school do students achieve the least success?

Hypothesis: It could be shown that an achievement gap opens between working class students attending a comprehensive and their middle class peers.


Premise: What provision rewards "whistle-blowers"?

Hypothesis: Damages from fraud can be recovered by use of the False Claims Act, most commonly under the qui tam provisions which rewards an individual for being a "whistleblower", or relator (law).


Premise: From which entity did Creative request an investigation into Apple importing their devices to the US?

Hypothesis: Creative also asked the United States International Trade Commission to investigate whether Apple was breaching U.S. trade laws by importing iPods into the United States.


Premise: What video format support was added in 2009?

Hypothesis: In November 2009, 1080p HD support was added.


Premise: What was the gross primary enrollment rate in 1998?

Hypothesis: In 1998, the gross primary enrollment rate was 53.5%, with higher enrollment ratio for males (67.7%) compared to females (40%).


Premise: Even if a prayer is non-denominational it's still considered what?

Hypothesis: In Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), the Court, by a vote of 6-1, determined it unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and require its recitation in public schools, even when the prayer is non-denominational and students may excuse themselves from participation.


Premise: What was the artificially low limit on bulb life placed by the cartel?

Hypothesis: Early bulbs had a life of up to 2500 hours, but in 1924 a cartel agreed to limit life to 1000 hours.


Premise: How do Oriental Patriarchs sign?

Hypothesis: Some writers, such as James-Charles Noonan, hold that, in the case of cardinals, the form used for signatures should be used also when referring to them in English.


Premise: How much did the 132nd Street Community Garden's water distribution system cost?

Hypothesis: The spirit of the neighborhood lives in gardens like this one, planted and tended by local residents.


Premise: What decision allowed Gaddafi to move Libya closer to socialism?

Hypothesis: In September 1973, it was announced that all foreign oil producers active in Libya were to be nationalized.


Premise: The Greek monarchy was reestablished by who?

Hypothesis: Premier Georgios Kondylis took power in 1935 and effectively abolished the republic by bringing back the monarchy via a referendum in 1935.


Premise: What was Mayor Young criticized for not reducing?

Hypothesis: Young was criticized for being too focused on downtown development and not doing enough to lower the city's high crime rate and improve city services.


Premise: How much of their body weight do honey buzzards lose during migration?

Hypothesis: Migratory species in these groups have great difficulty crossing large bodies of water, since thermals only form over land, and these birds cannot maintain active flight for long distances.


Premise: What was the clause against establishment of religion by law intended to erect?

Hypothesis: In Reynolds v. United States (1879) the Court wrote that Jefferson's comments "may be accepted almost as an authoritative declaration of the scope and effect of the [First] Amendment."


Premise: In which way did he write about his experience on the Rogers Commission?

Hypothesis: to his experience on the Rogers Commission, straying from his usual convention of brief, light-hearted anecdotes to deliver an extended and sober narrative.


Premise: What two people in England declined to bear the torch?

Hypothesis: Of the 80 torch-bearers in London, Sir Steve Redgrave, who started the relay, mentioned to the media that he had received e-mailed pleas to boycott the event and could "see why they would like to make an issue" of it.


Premise: Who was the first professor of the Royal College of Chemistry?

Hypothesis: It was also supported by Prince Albert, who persuaded August Wilhelm von Hofmann to be the first professor.


Premise: What year did the executions stop?

Hypothesis: On 27 September, MacArthur received the top secret National Security Council Memorandum 81/1 from Truman reminding him that operations north of the 38th parallel were authorized only if "at the time of such operation there was no entry into North Korea by major Soviet or Chinese Communist forces, no announcements of intended entry, nor a threat to counter our operations militarily...


Premise: What group founded the Delhi Sultanate in the 13th century?

Hypothesis: Muslim rule started in parts of north India in the 13th century when the Delhi Sultanate was founded in 1206 CE by the Central Asian Turks.


Premise: What securities had lower credit ratings but potentially a higher rate of return?

Hypothesis: Securities with lower priority had lower credit ratings but theoretically a higher rate of return on the amount invested.


Premise: How much was the Windows Media Center add-on during the original Windows 8 promotion?

Hypothesis: Windows 8 was distributed as a retail box product on DVD, and through a digital download that could be converted into DVD or USB install media.


Premise: When did the CPJP finally sign the peace agreement?

Hypothesis: The only major group not to sign an agreement at the time was the CPJP, which continued its activities and signed a peace agreement with the government on 25 August 2012.


Premise: Galschiøt and two fellow protesters were denied to entry to Hong Kong for what reason?

Hypothesis: However, Galschiøt and two other people were denied entry to Hong Kong on April 26, 2008 due to "immigration reasons" and were forced to leave Hong Kong.


Premise: How did the British army escape

Hypothesis: Worsening weather forced the two armies to separate: the ships sailed for the safer anchorage of St. Cast, while the army proceeded overland.


Premise: Who did the Hongwu Emperor send convoys to?

Hypothesis: Instead of recognizing the Phagmodru ruler, the Hongwu Emperor sided with the Karmapa of the nearer Kham region and southeastern Tibet, sending envoys out in the winter of 1372–1373 to ask the Yuan officeholders to renew their titles for the new Ming court.


Premise: What was the reception of Darwin's ideas about evolution?

Hypothesis: Implications of evolution on fields outside of pure science have led to both opposition and support from different parts of society, and profoundly influenced the popular understanding of "man's place in the universe".


Premise: What is the term for a plant-eating insect?

Hypothesis: Coevolution has led to the development of very specific mutualisms in such systems.


Premise: How close to the line of scrimmage can defensive players approach before a play is run?

Hypothesis: For a scrimmage to be valid the team in possession of the football must have seven players, excluding the quarterback, within one yard of the line of scrimmage.


Premise: What word do they use in Poland for an institute of technology?

Hypothesis: Politechnika (translated as a "technical university" or "university of technology") is a main kind of technical university name in Poland.


Premise: What kind of group was Public Image Ltd?

Hypothesis: Public Image and other acts such as the Pop Group and the Slits had begun experimenting with dance music, dub production techniques and the avant-garde, while punk-indebted Manchester acts such as Joy Division, The Fall and A Certain Ratio developed unique styles which drew on a similarly disparate range of influences across music and modernist literature.


Premise: During what time period did secular have a more neutral connotation?

Hypothesis: In the Renaissance to be secular meant simply to be in the world rather than in a monastery.


Premise: What does the National Museum of Visual Arts have the largest collection of in Uruguay?

Hypothesis: The Juan Manuel Blanes Museum was founded in 1930, the 100th anniversary of the first Constitution of Uruguay, significant with regard to the fact that Juan Manuel Blanes painted Uruguayan patriotic themes.


Premise: How many different countries comprise the makeup of faculty and students of Washington University?

Hypothesis: Founded in 1853, and named after George Washington, the university has students and faculty from all 50 U.S. states and more than 120 countries.


Premise: Who made the palaces gilded railings and gates?

Hypothesis: Behind the gilded railings and gates which were completed by the Bromsgrove Guild in 1911 and Webb's famous façade, which has been described in a book published by the Royal Collection as looking "like everybody's idea of a palace", is not only a weekday home of the Queen and Prince Philip but also the London residence of the Duke of York and the Earl and Countess of Wessex.


Premise: What emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion?

Hypothesis: This view was challenged by the "rationalist" Mutazilite philosophers, who held a more Hellenic view, reason above revelation, and as such are known to modern scholars as the first speculative theologians of Islam; they were supported by a secular aristocracy who sought freedom of action independent of the Caliphate.


Premise: When the clock on your laptop adjusts to DST without you resetting the clock, what is controlling the change?

Hypothesis: Computer software can often adjust clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of the dates and timings of DST may be confusing.


Premise: Why is the ability to boot write-locked SD cards with a USB adapter advantageous for?

Hypothesis: USB implements connections to storage devices using a set of standards called the USB mass storage device class (MSC or UMS).


Premise: What was the most searched term in week of Aug 29, 2011?

Hypothesis: Her appearance helped that year's MTV Video Music Awards become the most-watched broadcast in MTV history, pulling in 12.4 million viewers; the announcement was listed in Guinness World Records for "most tweets per second recorded for a single event" on Twitter, receiving 8,868 tweets per second and "Beyonce pregnant" was the most Googled term the week of August 29, 2011.


Premise: What was the estimated value of CDO issuance in Q1 2004?

Hypothesis: Further, the credit quality of CDO's declined from 2000 to 2007, as the level of subprime and other non-prime mortgage debt increased from 5% to 36% of CDO assets.


Premise: With whom were the British hopeing to negotiate?

Hypothesis: In 1904, a British expedition to Tibet, spurred in part by a fear that Russia was extending its power into Tibet as part of The Great Game, invaded the country, hoping that negotiations with the 13th Dalai Lama would be more effective than with Chinese representatives.


Premise: what was the name of mel and kim's number-one hit single in the UK?

Hypothesis: In January 1987, Chicago artist Steve "Silk" Hurley's "Jack Your Body" reached number one in the UK, showing it was possible for house music to cross over.


Premise: What PS3 game can integrate a PlayStation Portable to use as a rear-view mirror?

Hypothesis: For example, Formula One Championship Edition, a racing game, was shown at E3 2006 using a PSP as a real-time rear-view mirror.


Premise: Which Tigranes successor composed Greek tragedies?

Hypothesis: During the reign of Tigranes the Great (95–55 BC), the kingdom of Armenia reached its greatest extent, containing many Greek cities including the entire Syrian tetrapolis.


Premise: Which office publishes the United States Statutes at Large?

Hypothesis: The Office of the Federal Register publishes the Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations, and United States Statutes at Large, among others.


Premise: What is the largest dam ever built in the world?

Hypothesis: The Three Gorges Dam, the largest dam ever constructed, is being built on the Yangtze River in nearby Hubei province to control flooding in the Sichuan Basin, neighboring Yunnan province, and downstream.


Premise: Why is it bad that a category is merely socially constructed?

Hypothesis: He argues that while forensic anthropologists can determine that a skeletal remain comes from a person with ancestors in a specific region of Africa, categorizing that skeletal as being "black" is a socially constructed category that is only meaningful in the particular context of the United States, and which is not itself scientifically valid.


Premise: Which direction does Neptune's winds move relevant to the plant's rotation?

Hypothesis: Most of the winds on Neptune move in a direction opposite the planet's rotation.


Premise: What had the Dutch East India Company initially named Australia?

Hypothesis: In 1770 James Cook discovered the eastern coast of Australia while on a scientific voyage to the South Pacific Ocean, claimed the continent for Britain, and named it New South Wales.


Premise: What did Chopin play at the funeral?

Hypothesis: On 26 July 1840 Chopin and Sand were present at the dress rehearsal of Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale, composed to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the July Revolution.


Premise: By 1212, John had successfully concluded alliances  with who?

Hypothesis: John hoped to exploit this advantage by invading himself late in 1213, but baronial discontent again delayed his invasion plans until early 1214, in what would prove to be his final Continental campaign.


Premise: In what century did Vedaguer, Oller, and Guimera wrte?

Hypothesis: This period starts with Aribau's Ode to the Homeland (1833); followed in the second half of the 19th century, and the early 20th by the work of Verdaguer (poetry), Oller (realist novel), and Guimerà (drama).


Premise: Where in the National Archives can you view a copy of the Magna Carta?

Hypothesis: It holds the original copies of the three main formative documents of the United States and its government: the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights.


Premise: What is one 64-stroke character?

Hypothesis: zhèng composed of 興 xīng/xìng (lit.


Premise: The Encyclopedie was comprised of how many volumes?

Hypothesis: The ideas of the Enlightenment played a major role in inspiring the French Revolution, which began in 1789.


Premise: Which newspaper reported the official name request in 1935?

Hypothesis: As the New York Times explained at the time, "At the suggestion of the Persian Legation in Berlin, the Tehran government, on the Persian New Year, Nowruz, March 21, 1935, substituted Iran for Persia as the official name of the country.


Premise: Why was the Chongqing Municipality formed?

Hypothesis: This changed in 1997 when the Sub-provincial city of Chongqing as well as the three surrounding prefectures of Fuling, Wanxian, and Qianjiang were split off into the new Chongqing Municipality.


Premise: What is the Relch Security Main Office also called?

Hypothesis: The preserved records of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (the Reich Security Main Office) show the persecution of Freemasons during the Holocaust.


Premise: What is the process called when a signal is masked by another signal separated by time?

Hypothesis: Once transformed, typically into the frequency domain, component frequencies can be allocated bits according to how audible they are.


Premise: Who produces all source intelligence investigations?

Hypothesis: The Directorate of Analysis produces all-source intelligence investigation on key foreign and intercontinental issues relating to powerful and sometimes anti-government sensitive topics.


Premise: What are converts to Islam called?

Hypothesis: The Muslims were expelled from Portugal 300 years earlier than in neighbouring Spain, which is reflected both in Portuguese culture and the language, which is mostly Celtiberian and Vulgar Latin.


Premise: Who is the head of government?

Hypothesis: In the past, the government had been highly centralized.


Premise: What boat did Bell travel on?

Hypothesis: After landing at Quebec City the Bells transferred to another steamer to Montreal and then boarded a train to Paris, Ontario, to stay with the Reverend Thomas Henderson, a family friend.


Premise: When did construction on the Tribhuvan Highway begin?

Hypothesis: This industry started around 1950, as the country's political makeup changed and ended the country's isolation from the rest of the world.


Premise: What nationality was George Berkeley?

Hypothesis: A generation later, the Irish Anglican bishop, George Berkeley (1685–1753), determined that Locke's view immediately opened a door that would lead to eventual atheism.


Premise: What does the term "pardo" include?

Hypothesis: Trying to identify this entire group as "black" would be a false imposition of a different identity from outside the culture and deny people their other, equally valid, ancestries and cultures.


Premise: The Saint Helena pound is at parity with what other currency?

Hypothesis: Today Saint Helena has its own currency, the Saint Helena pound, which is at parity with the pound sterling.


Premise: In what city  is the cathedral of St Peter's  located?

Hypothesis: Ecclesiam suam was given at St. Peter's, Rome, on the Feast of the Transfiguration, 6 August 1964, the second year of his Pontificate.


Premise: In what city is the Edwards Campus located?

Hypothesis: About 2,100 students attend the Edwards Campus, with an average age of 32.


Premise: Do many cultures place value of the education of a young girl?

Hypothesis: Similarly, in many cultures the education of girls is less valued or girls are simply not expected to need formal schooling, and these girls pushed into child labour such as providing domestic services.


Premise: What unpredictable feature of the world did Popper say refuted historicism?

Hypothesis: Since the growth of human knowledge is a causal factor in the evolution of human history, and since "no society can predict, scientifically, its own future states of knowledge", it follows, he argued, that there can be no predictive science of human history.


Premise: What action affirmed Portugal's status as a transcontinental nation?

Hypothesis: Gradually, new economic development projects and relocation of mainland Portuguese citizens into the overseas provinces in Africa were initiated, with Angola and Mozambique, as the largest and richest overseas territories, being the main targets of those initiatives.


Premise: Who was defeated by Henry Vll at the battle of Bosworth?

Hypothesis: In England the modern period is often dated to the start of the Tudor period with the victory of Henry VII over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485.


Premise: Who rejected systems such as MUSE as the new standard for the US?

Hypothesis: A new standard had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth for HDTV than the existing NTSC.


Premise: Where do the London Scottish and London Welch rugby teams play their home games?

Hypothesis: London Scottish and London Welsh play in the RFU Championship club and other rugby union clubs in the city include Richmond F.C., Rosslyn Park F.C., Westcombe Park R.F.C. and Blackheath F.C..


Premise: What wild animal was recently found roaming urban areas in Portugal?

Hypothesis: In Gerês both deciduous and coniferous forests can be found, an extremely rare worldwide mature mediterranean forest remain in some parts of the Arrábida mountain and a subtropical laurissilva forest, dating back to the Tertiary period, covers its largest continuous area in the world in the Madeira main island.


Premise: What did Lamb employ as an important theme from the beginning of the paper?

Hypothesis: Sex was used as an important element in the content and marketing the paper from the start, which Lamb believed was the most important part of his readers' lives.


Premise: What was one reason why the Dominican Order was established?

Hypothesis: Founded to preach the Gospel and to combat heresy, the teaching activity of the order and its scholastic organization placed the Preachers in the forefront of the intellectual life of the Middle Ages.


Premise: What last name was Schwarzenegger going by when he starred in Hercules in New York?

Hypothesis: Schwarzenegger wanted to move from bodybuilding into acting, finally achieving it when he was chosen to play the role of Hercules in 1970's Hercules in New York.


Premise: How many events does the University Musical Society present in a year?

Hypothesis: Since 2001 Shakespeare in the Arb has presented one play by Shakespeare each June, in a large park near downtown.


Premise: What other plant was used in the discovery of different genes?

Hypothesis: Inheritance in plants follows the same fundamental principles of genetics as in other multicellular organisms.


Premise: Why did the FBI stop doing bullet lead analysis?

Hypothesis: In 2003, its National Research Council published a report whose conclusions called into question 30 years of FBI testimony.


Premise: What is the lowest altitude where acclimatization or a suit is not needed to prevent sickness in humans?

Hypothesis: Above this altitude, oxygen enrichment is necessary to prevent altitude sickness in humans that did not undergo prior acclimatization, and spacesuits are necessary to prevent ebullism above 19 km.