Premise: What is found when a complementary boost is used at the bass turnover point?

Hypothesis: G. H. Miller in 1934 reported that when complementary boost at the turnover point was used in radio broadcasts of records, the reproduction was more realistic and many of the musical instruments stood out in their true form.


Premise: What year is considered to be the beginning of the Scientific Revolution?

Hypothesis: The willingness to question previously held truths and search for new answers resulted in a period of major scientific advancements, now known as the Scientific Revolution.


Premise: What may full siblings belong to?

Hypothesis: There, racial identity was not governed by rigid descent rule, such as the one-drop rule, as it was in the United States.


Premise: What was the name of the song he wrote at age thirteen?

Hypothesis: At age thirteen, West wrote a rap song called "Green Eggs and Ham" and began to persuade his mother to pay $25 an hour for time in a recording studio.


Premise: When was the Cultural Revolution?

Hypothesis: During the Cultural Revolution (1966–76), Zhejiang was in chaos and disunity, and its economy was stagnant, especially during the high tide (1966–69) of the revolution.


Premise: When was the Nigerian EFCC created?

Hypothesis: In 2003, the Nigerian Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (or EFCC) was created, ostensibly to combat this and other forms of organised financial crime.


Premise: What era does the reign of Guangwu fall under?

Hypothesis: The era from his reign until the fall of Han is known as the Eastern Han dynasty (simplified Chinese: 东汉; traditional Chinese: 東漢;


Premise: Moving the writer toward the reader would be an example of what type of translation method?

Hypothesis: In his seminal lecture "On the Different Methods of Translation" (1813) he distinguished between translation methods that move "the writer toward [the reader]", i.e., transparency, and those that move the "reader toward [the author]", i.e., an extreme fidelity to the foreignness of the source text.


Premise: When did Tibet and Mongolia conclude a treaty of mutual recognition?

Hypothesis: The Dalai Lama refused any Chinese title and declared himself ruler of an independent Tibet.


Premise: As technology increased what was the amount of bombs that could be dropped in 1937 per day?

Hypothesis: The estimate of tonnes of bombs an enemy could drop per day grew as aircraft technology advanced, from 75 in 1922, to 150 in 1934, to 644 in 1937.


Premise: What did large amounts of deposited un-decomposed organic matter later become?

Hypothesis: For this reason, large volumes of organic matter that was unable to decompose accumulated, eventually being deposited as "black shale".


Premise: What is the overwhelming ethnic majority in Nanjing?

Hypothesis: In 1999, 77,394 residents belonged to minority nationalities, among which the vast majority (64,832) were Hui nationalities, contributing 83.76 percent to the minority population.


Premise: What part of the Afro-Asiatic language family is Somali a part of?

Hypothesis: The overwhelming majority of Somalis speak the Somali language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family.


Premise: According to Frederick Mark Gedicks, who believed that unjust laws were not really laws?

Hypothesis: Law Professor Frederick Mark Gedicks disagrees, writing that Cicero, Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, and the framers of the U.S. Constitution believed that an unjust law was not really a law at all.


Premise: What plays a primary part in Catalan?

Hypothesis: Like all the Romance languages, Catalan verbal inflection is more complex than the nominal.


Premise: How many Freemasons are believed to have been killed under Hitler's Nazi Regime?

Hypothesis: RSHA Amt VII (Written Records) was overseen by Professor Franz Six and was responsible for "ideological" tasks, by which was meant the creation of antisemitic and anti-Masonic propaganda.


Premise: what did the FCC chairman say both the internet and the first amendment stand for?

Hypothesis: The FCC Chairman, Tom Wheeler, commented, "This is no more a plan to regulate the Internet than the First Amendment is a plan to regulate free speech.


Premise: What Cherokee phrase means "the trail where we cried?"

Hypothesis: In the Cherokee language, the event is called Nunna daul Isunyi—"the Trail


Premise: Who removed Chan from the protest?

Hypothesis: In the end, she and some of the protesters were taken away against their will by the authorities via a police vehicle "for their own protection."


Premise: How many ethnic minorities were looked at differently in Santa Monica?

Hypothesis: Around the start of the 20th century, a growing population of Asian Americans lived in or near Santa Monica and Venice.


Premise: What does the city host on Sundays

Hypothesis: The city council provides coupons for discounts to inhabitants who receive welfare to be used with many of the initiatives.


Premise: The Greek national basketball in 2012 held what ranking in Europe?

Hypothesis: After the 2005 European Championship triumph of the Greek national basketball team, Greece became the reigning European Champion in both football and basketball.


Premise: When did Whitehead write his first book?

Hypothesis: The former two books were aimed exclusively at professional mathematicians, while the latter book was intended for a larger audience, covering the history of mathematics and its philosophical foundations.


Premise: What bodies govern Greater London?

Hypothesis: London i/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.


Premise: What feature of play did Cruyff introduce to Barcelona?

Hypothesis: On the legacy of Cruyff's football philosophy and the passing style of play he introduced to the club, future coach of Barcelona Pep Guardiola would state, "Cruyff built the cathedral, our job is to maintain and renovate it."


Premise: Name three philosophers of the last 100 years arguing for the existence of God?

Hypothesis: The last centuries of philosophy have seen vigorous questions regarding the arguments for God's existence raised by such philosophers as Immanuel Kant, David Hume and Antony Flew, although Kant held that the argument from morality was valid.


Premise: In which century were vocalization marking added to the Quran?

Hypothesis: In the beginning, the Quran did not have vocalization markings.


Premise: What was the name of the company that IBM Micro Electronics was offloaded to?

Hypothesis: This transition had progressed as of early 2015[update].


Premise: What terms did African Americans use instead?

Hypothesis: They also felt that it would give ammunition to those who were advocating repatriating black people back to Africa.


Premise: Who took control of Egypt in 525 BC?

Hypothesis: The entire Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt, from 525 BC to 402 BC, save for Petubastis III, was an entirely Persian ruled period, with the Achaemenid kings all being granted the title of pharaoh.


Premise: It was understood that ammunition needed to explode where?

Hypothesis: Before the war it was recognised that ammunition needed to explode in the air.


Premise: Where is Tohono Chul Park?

Hypothesis: (a nature preserve) near the intersection of North Oracle Road and West Ina Road.


Premise: Why were the Tucson Padres temporarily in Tucson?

Hypothesis: They served as the AAA affiliate of the San Diego Padres.


Premise: What has there been a sharp reduction in during the years following 2005 in the USAF?

Hypothesis: The size of the active duty force in 2007 was roughly 64% of that of what the USAF was at the end of the first Gulf War in 1991.


Premise: What was the goal of the US invading Afghanistan?

Hypothesis: Subsequently, in October 2001, U.S. forces (with UK and coalition allies) invaded Afghanistan to oust the Taliban regime.


Premise: What gear ration creates 78.26 rpm?

Hypothesis: In parts of the world that used 50 Hz current, the standard was 77.92 rpm (3,000 rpm with a 77:2 ratio), which was also the speed at which a strobe disc with 77 lines would "stand still" in 50 Hz light (92 lines for 60 Hz).


Premise: How often is a leap day added to the Julian calendar year?

Hypothesis: A regular Gregorian year consists of 365 days, but as in the Julian calendar, in a leap year, a leap day is added to February.


Premise: On which day did CBC release an updated announcement stating they were striving to update all 27 transmitters?

Hypothesis: The letter states, "CBC/Radio-Canada will not be converting its analogue retransmitters in mandatory markets to digital after August 31, 2011."


Premise: Which contestant had eight surgeries during his Idol run?

Hypothesis: He was reported to have eight surgeries during his Idol run, and had considered quitting the show due to the pain.


Premise: How long is the screening period of an individual's or organization's petition to add a species to the list

Hypothesis: The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) or NOAA Fisheries (also called the National Marine Fisheries Service) can directly list a species through its candidate assessment program, or an individual or organizational petition may request that the FWS or NMFS list a species.


Premise: After a leaf-spring was moved from jack to the plug, the most stressed part was found where?

Hypothesis: Features intended to accomplish include, a locking device was added and the leaf-spring was moved from the jack to the plug, so that the most-stressed part is on the cable side of the connection.


Premise: What position did Sultan Quli hold?

Hypothesis: During his rule, he had the Charminar and Mecca Masjid built in the city.


Premise: How many people watched the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards?

Hypothesis: Her appearance helped that year's MTV Video Music Awards become the most-watched broadcast in MTV history, pulling in 12.4 million viewers; the announcement was listed in Guinness World Records for "most tweets per second recorded for a single event" on Twitter, receiving 8,868 tweets per second and "Beyonce pregnant" was the most Googled term the week of August 29, 2011.


Premise: What did many entrepreneurs interested in their local punk-influenced music scenes found?

Hypothesis: These DIY imperatives would help form the production and distribution infrastructure of post-punk and the indie music scene that later blossomed in the mid-1980s.


Premise: How far do bar-tailed godwits travel to migrate?

Hypothesis: Some bar-tailed godwits Limosa lapponica have the longest known non-stop flight of any migrant, flying 11,000 km from Alaska to their New Zealand non-breeding areas.


Premise: What newspaper is published by Landmark Communications?

Hypothesis: Style Weekly is a standard weekly publication covering popular culture, arts, and entertainment, owned by Landmark Communications.


Premise: Who battled in the cold war?

Hypothesis: There was a shift in power from Western Europe and the British Empire to the two new superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union.


Premise: Bon Secours-St Francis Xavier Hospital is located at what portion of the city?

Hypothesis: The city has several major hospitals located in the downtown area: Medical University of South Carolina Medical Center (MUSC), Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, and Roper Hospital.


Premise: Marvel Press was relaunched in what year?

Hypothesis: With few books issued under the imprint, Marvel and Disney Books Group relaunched Marvel Press in 2011 with the Marvel Origin Storybooks line.


Premise: What language does phonology as a word come from?

Hypothesis: The word phonology comes from the Greek φωνή, phōnḗ, "voice, sound," and the suffix -logy (which is from Greek λόγος, lógos, "word, speech, subject of discussion").


Premise: What part of the area did Jayapala lose?

Hypothesis: Jayapala however, lost control of the entire region between the Kabul Valley and Indus River.


Premise: Who were some of these early physicians?

Hypothesis: In the past, those who were disabled were often not eligible for public education.


Premise: What is a young bird on it's first migration compared to?

Hypothesis: At this stage the bird is in the position of a boy scout with a compass but no map, until it grows accustomed to the journey and can put its other capabilities to use.


Premise: What is the origin of some Spanish words?

Hypothesis: For example, Catalan fang "mud" and rostir "to roast", of Germanic origin, contrast with Spanish lodo and asar, of Latin origin; whereas Catalan filosa "spinning wheel" and pols "temple", of Latin origin, contrast with Spanish rueca and sien, of Germanic origin.


Premise: Why did Teletype have the code for "rubout"?

Hypothesis: Code 127 is officially named "delete" but the Teletype label was "rubout".


Premise: Only one city, according to a 2005 survey, had a lower child vaccination rate than Hyderabad, what was it?

Hypothesis: In the 2005 National Family Health Survey, it was reported that the city's total fertility rate is 1.8,:47 which is below the replacement rate.


Premise: What is O'Shaughnessy Hall of Notre Dame formerly known as?

Hypothesis: Cavanaugh also established the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies and Notre Dame's Medieval Institute.


Premise: Previous to Melbourne, where were all Olympic games held?

Hypothesis: Melbourne is notable as the host city for the 1956 Summer Olympic Games (the first Olympic Games held in the southern hemisphere and Oceania, with all previous games held in Europe and the United States), along with the 2006 Commonwealth Games.


Premise: The constitutional movement in Iran lasted from 1906 until what year?

Hypothesis: During World War I, the British occupied much of Western Iran, and fully withdrew in 1921.


Premise: What does the acronym CCFL refer to?

Hypothesis: Some jurisdictions, such as the European Union, China, Canada and United States, are in the process of phasing out the use of incandescent light bulbs while others, including Colombia, Mexico, Cuba, Argentina, Brazil and Australia, have prohibited them already.


Premise: Who was Montini's alleged lover?

Hypothesis: It provoked French author and former diplomat Roger Peyrefitte, in an interview published by the magazine Tempo, to accuse Montini of hypocrisy, and of having a longtime lover who was a movie actor.


Premise: Who was the United States' first President?

Hypothesis: New York was the last capital of the U.S. under the Articles of Confederation and the first capital under the Constitution of the United States.


Premise: What radio stations can they be heard on?

Hypothesis: Most of these works have been released on Compact Disks and can regularly be heard on radio stations on the ABC and MBS networks.


Premise: What type of snack is Rajasthan known for?

Hypothesis: It is known for its snacks like Bikaneri Bhujia.


Premise: How many attendants accompanied the flame during it's travels?

Hypothesis: The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to escort the flame throughout its journey.


Premise: What is another name for Anhimidae?

Hypothesis: A dearth of field observations limit our knowledge, but intraspecific conflicts are known to sometimes result in injury or death.


Premise: What is the third strict precept on sexual misconduct?

Hypothesis: In the eight precepts, the third precept on sexual misconduct is made more strict, and becomes a precept of celibacy.


Premise: When did modern physics arise?

Hypothesis: The old quantum theory was a collection of results which predate modern quantum mechanics, but were never complete or self-consistent.


Premise: Many people of which ethnicity moved to Malaysia, Singapore and the Caribbean?

Hypothesis: Millions of people moved to and from British colonies, with large numbers of Indians emigrating to other parts of the empire, such as Malaysia and Fiji, and Chinese people to Malaysia, Singapore and the Caribbean.


Premise: What two people in England declined to bear the torch?

Hypothesis: Francesca Martinez and Richard Vaughan refused to carry the torch, while Konnie Huq decided to carry it and also speak out against China.


Premise: What are the names of the two people that created a documentary for Italian tele vision?

Hypothesis: The Women Behind The Music (2010), and in a 2010 documentary realised by Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda for Italian television.


Premise: What was Schwarzenegger's first film role?

Hypothesis: His second film appearance was as a deaf mute hit-man for the mob in director Robert Altman's The Long Goodbye (1973), which was followed by a much more significant part in the film


Premise: What Italian Prime Minister attacked Montini for his political stances?

Hypothesis: At the request of the pope, he created an information office for prisoners of war and refugees, which in the years of its existence from 1939 until 1947 received almost ten million (9 891 497) information requests and produced over eleven million (11.293.511) answers about missing persons.


Premise: Greece came part of what empire in the 2nd century BC?

Hypothesis: Annexed by Rome in the second century BC, Greece became an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor, the Byzantine Empire.


Premise: Are the religious minorities in Iran - Christianity, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, and Sunnis - a part of the Iranian Parliament?

Hypothesis: But the Bahá'í Faith, which is said to be the largest non-Muslim religious minority in Iran, is not officially recognized, and has been persecuted during its existence in Iran since the 19th century.


Premise: What company operates Southampton's local train service?

Hypothesis: Plans were announced by Hampshire County Council in July 2009 for the introduction of tram-train running from Hythe (on what is now a freight-only line to Fawley) via Totton to Southampton Central Station and on to Fareham via St. Denys, and Swanwick.


Premise: What French sociologist and anthropologist stated that Whitehead was "the greatest philosopher of the 20th century"?

Hypothesis: Whitehead has also had high-profile admirers in the continental tradition, such as French post-structuralist philosopher Gilles Deleuze, who once dryly remarked of Whitehead that "he stands provisionally as the last great Anglo-American philosopher before Wittgenstein's disciples spread their misty confusion, sufficiency, and terror.


Premise: What political structure aids the Prime Minister?

Hypothesis: Estonia is a parliamentary representative democratic republic in which the Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government and which includes a multi-party system.


Premise: What did Darwin learn about about the characteristics of domestic animals?

Hypothesis: He accepted a version of the inheritance of acquired characteristics (which after Darwin's death came to be called Lamarckism), and Chapter V discusses what he called the effects of use and disuse; he wrote that he thought "there can be little doubt that use in our domestic animals strengthens and enlarges certain parts, and disuse diminishes them; and that such modifications are inherited", and that this also applied in nature.


Premise: Who did Anglophone colonies democratically glorify hunting for?

Hypothesis: In contrast, settlers in Anglophone colonies gloried democratically in hunting for all.


Premise: Armenia has closed borders with which two countries?

Hypothesis: The economies of both countries have been hurt in the absence of a complete resolution and Armenia's borders with Turkey and Azerbaijan remain closed.


Premise: Where is a post-Vedic form of Sanskrit found?

Hypothesis: Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit is a literary language heavily influenced by the Middle Indo-Aryan languages, based on early Buddhist Prakrit texts which subsequently assimilated to the Classical Sanskrit standard in varying degrees.


Premise: Oltenia is also known as what?

Hypothesis: After the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718 the Treaty of Passarowitz confirmed the loss of the Banat, Serbia and "Little Walachia" (Oltenia) to Austria.


Premise: What year was the Palacio Salvo completed?

Hypothesis: Palacio Salvo was originally intended to function as a hotel but is now a mixture of offices and private residences.


Premise: What did Yaroslav sons achieve  during his time in Keivan Rus?

Hypothesis: Kievan Rus' reached its greatest extent under Yaroslav I (1019–1054); his sons assembled and issued its first written legal code, the Rus' Justice, shortly after his death.


Premise: Where is the biggest Buddha statue in Europe?

Hypothesis: It shelters the biggest Buddha statue in Europe, more than nine metres high.


Premise: What does an archaism explain?

Hypothesis: Also, usually Central Catalan acts as an innovative element.


Premise: What other safety measures are available at Yale besides campus police?

Hypothesis: In addition to the Yale Police Department, a variety of safety services are available including blue phones, a safety escort, and 24-hour shuttle service.


Premise: At what age may students be admitted to Hellenic university through lottery?

Hypothesis: Students are admitted to these Institutes according to their performance at national level examinations taking place after completion of the third grade of Lykeio.


Premise: What four fields make up American anthropology which play a vital role on its research of culture?

Hypothesis: Although anthropologists worldwide refer to Tylor's definition of culture, in the 20th century "culture" emerged as the central and unifying concept of American anthropology, where it most commonly refers to the universal human capacity to classify and encode human experiences symbolically, and to communicate symbolically encoded experiences socially.[citation needed]


Premise: How many years was Primark investigated for?

Hypothesis: Primark continued to investigate the allegations for three years, concluding that BBC report was a fake.


Premise: What year did Estonia's War of Independence take place?

Hypothesis: After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country.


Premise: William Howard Russell wrote for what newspaper at the time?

Hypothesis: Notable documentation of the war was provided by William Howard Russell (writing for The Times newspaper) and the photographs of Roger Fenton.:306–309 News from war correspondents reached all nations involved in the war and kept the public citizenry of those nations better informed of the day-to-day events of the war than had been the case in any other war to that date.


Premise: Which side did The Times support in the fighting that broke out in Athens in 1944?

Hypothesis: In December 1944, when fighting broke out in Athens between the Greek Communist ELAS and the British Army, Carr in a Times editorial sided with the Communists, leading Winston Churchill to condemn him and that leader in a speech to the House of Commons.


Premise: What created relations between Europeans and people with different cultures?

Hypothesis: As Europeans encountered people from different parts of the world, they speculated about the physical, social, and cultural differences among various human groups.


Premise: What did the city do after the fail test scores for promotions?

Hypothesis: After the tests were scored, no black firefighters scored high enough to qualify for consideration for promotion, so the city announced that no one would be promoted.


Premise: The Chichimeca are the ancestors of what people?

Hypothesis: When the Spanish explorers reached this area they found their descendants, Suma and Manso tribes.


Premise: Who was top ranked in population strength?

Hypothesis: Kangra district was top ranked with a population strength of 1,507,223 (21.98%), Mandi district 999,518 (14.58%), Shimla district 813,384 (11.86%), Solan district 576,670 (8.41%), Sirmaur district 530,164 (7.73%), Una district 521,057 (7.60%), Chamba district 518,844 (7.57%), Hamirpur district 454,293 (6.63%), Kullu district 437,474 (6.38%), Bilaspur district 382,056 (5.57%), Kinnaur district 84,298 (1.23%) and Lahaul Spiti 31,528 (0.46%).


Premise: When does "crosstalk" occur?

Hypothesis: In addition, LaserDisc videos sometimes exhibit a problem known as "crosstalk".


Premise: What are advantages of pancake motors?

Hypothesis: Due to the variety of constructions now available, the technology is used in applications from high temperature military to low cost pump and basic servos.


Premise: What was Liu's family told?

Hypothesis: He had also expressed his anger at “the shoddy tofu-dregs buildings” (豆腐渣工程) in a media interview.


Premise: Which event is held on the Fourth of June?

Hypothesis: Similar to the Queen's Official Birthday, the "Fourth of June" is no longer celebrated on 4 June, but on the Wednesday before the first weekend of June.


Premise: Where is Ganondorf located after Zant's defeat?

Hypothesis: Returning to Hyrule, Link and Midna find Ganondorf in Hyrule Castle, with a lifeless Zelda suspended above his head.


Premise: What priesthood rules do Protestant churches reject?

Hypothesis: Since about 1950, women have entered the ministry, and some have assumed leading positions (e.g. bishops), in most Protestant churches.


Premise: What was one philosophy book that Avicenna was taught from?

Hypothesis: He learned Indian arithmetic from an Indian greengrocer,ءMahmoud Massahi and he began to learn more from a wandering scholar who gained a livelihood by curing the sick and teaching the young.


Premise: The Liberian constitution restricts citizenship of whom?

Hypothesis: A small minority of Liberians of European descent reside in the country.[better source needed]


Premise: When was the awards designated the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry?

Hypothesis: From 1940, the Sovereign could appoint a person as a Commander, Officer or Member of the Order of the British Empire for gallantry for acts of bravery (not in the face of the enemy) below the level required for the George Medal.


Premise: What city is the Harlem River Speedway in?

Hypothesis: According to David Leighton, historical writer for the Arizona Daily Star newspaper, Speedway Boulevard derives its name from an old horse racetrack, known as "The Harlem River Speedway," more commonly called "The Speedway," in New York City.


Premise: What percentage fell into haplogroups that are specific to East and South Asian populations?

Hypothesis: The DNA clearly shows that both Poles and Russians are not different from the neighbouring European populations.


Premise: Diamond states that the final result of Hayek's statements are what?

Hypothesis: Arthur M. Diamond argues Hayek's problems arise when he goes beyond claims that can be evaluated within economic science.


Premise: What wish of Virgil's did Lucius Varius Rufus and Plotius Tucca disregard?

Hypothesis: According to the tradition, Virgil traveled to Greece in about 19 BC to revise the Aeneid.


Premise: Which seabird has the longest-distance migration?

Hypothesis: The Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea has the longest-distance migration of any bird, and sees more daylight than any other, moving from its Arctic breeding grounds to the Antarctic non-breeding areas.


Premise: What can be endotoxins called?

Hypothesis: Lipopolysaccharides, also called endotoxins, are composed of polysaccharides and lipid A that is responsible for much of the toxicity of gram-negative bacteria.


Premise: In what year did the league have two divisions?

Hypothesis: The divisional winners met in a best-of-5 series to advance to the World Series, in a "2–3" format, first two games were played at the home of the team who did not have home field advantage.


Premise: Who assisted CAR in avoiding war?

Hypothesis: On 12 June 2008, the Central African Republic requested assistance from the UN Peacebuilding Commission, which was set up in 2005 to help countries emerging from conflict avoid devolving back into war or chaos.


Premise: By 2007 how many square feet of office space did Houston have?

Hypothesis: In the 1960s, Downtown Houston consisted of a collection of mid-rise office structures.


Premise: Why is Nanjing so strong in textiles and minting?

Hypothesis: It led in textiles, minting, printing, shipbuilding and many other industries, and was the busiest business center in East Asia.


Premise: What is Cramer credited for

Hypothesis: Cramer built a different Republican Party in Florida, attracting local white conservatives and transplants from northern and midwestern states.


Premise: What was Planck studying in the last part of the nineteenth century?

Hypothesis: In the last years of the nineteenth century, Planck was investigating the problem of black-body radiation first posed by Kirchhoff some forty years earlier.


Premise: Along with Devonian slate, Middle Devonian limestone and limestone, what stone provides the geologic base of Plymouth?

Hypothesis: The bulk of the city is built upon Upper Devonian slates and shales and the headlands at the entrance to Plymouth Sound are formed of Lower Devonian slates, which can withstand the power of the sea.


Premise: Which state did Urrea prepare to invade?

Hypothesis: On July 20, Governor Elorriaga was reinstated, and Baca along with the legislative minority were brought back to form a new legislature, which met on September 1.


Premise: Who led the Prussian assault on Prague in 1757

Hypothesis: In early 1757, Frederick II again took the initiative by marching into the Kingdom of Bohemia, hoping to inflict a decisive defeat on Austrian forces.


Premise: How did the Prussians slow the advance of the Russians?

Hypothesis: The Russian army was heavily dependent upon its main magazines in Poland, and the Prussian army launched several successful raids against them.


Premise: What is the pub with the longest name in the UK?

Hypothesis: The Old 13th Cheshire Rifleman Corps Inn and the Q Inn.


Premise: What are the major county offices in Oklahoma?

Hypothesis: The state is divided into 77 counties that govern locally, each headed by a three-member council of elected commissioners, a tax assessor, clerk, court clerk, treasurer, and sheriff.


Premise: What is the name of the Chinese social network?

Hypothesis: Microsoft denied the claims in a number of posts on the Chinese social network Sina Weibo, which stated that the company had never "assisted any government in an attack of another government or clients" or provided client data to the U.S. government, never "provided any government the authority to directly visit" or placed any backdoors in its products and services, and that it had never concealed government requests for client data.


Premise: What was the name of Victoria's father?

Hypothesis: Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III.


Premise: What did the Treaty of Balta Liman do for Ottoman markets?

Hypothesis: The Anglo-Ottoman Treaty, also known as the Treaty of Balta Liman that opened the Ottoman markets directly to English and French competitors, would be seen as one of the staging posts along this development.


Premise: Churches filled up with monuments to what?

Hypothesis: Especially in country parishes, the external appearance generally retained the familiar signifiers of a Gothic church, with a tower or spire, a large west front with one or more doors, and very large windows along the nave, but all with any ornament drawn from the classical vocabulary.


Premise: Who was the well known sea vessel captain of the Greeks who sailed to Asia  ?

Hypothesis: Notable Greek seafarers include people such as Pytheas of Marseilles, Scylax of Caryanda who sailed to Iberia and beyond, Nearchus, the 6th century merchant and later monk Cosmas Indicopleustes (Cosmas who sailed to India) and the explorer of the Northwestern passage Juan de Fuca.


Premise: What is another term for the Avignon Papacy?

Hypothesis: Ecclesiastical officials convened at the Council of Constance in 1414, and in the following year the council deposed one of the rival popes, leaving only two claimants.


Premise: Who did not connect with the soldier?

Hypothesis: Apparently the sailor did not connect with the soldier, as Mahan believed he was innovating the term Middle East.


Premise: Who donates discard Western clothing to people in poor places?

Hypothesis: These garments are less expensive, mass-produced Western clothing.


Premise: How much money did American Idol generate from its first eight seasons?

Hypothesis: The dominance of American Idol in the ratings had made it the most profitable show in U.S. TV for many years.


Premise: When did Elizabeth become the longest reigning monarch?

Hypothesis: The Queen surpassed her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, to become the longest-lived British monarch in December 2007, and the longest-reigning British monarch on 9 September 2015.


Premise: Which country has Nigerians sending the most money home?

Hypothesis: The United States accounts for the largest portion of official remittances, followed by the United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, Spain and France.


Premise: Who abolished slavery in Portugal?

Hypothesis: He abolished slavery in Portugal and in the Portuguese colonies in India; reorganized the army and the navy; restructured the University of Coimbra, and ended discrimination against different Christian sects in Portugal.


Premise: Neighbours, Kath & Kim, Winners and Losers, Offspring, and Underbelly are examples of what kind of media produced in Melbourne?

Hypothesis: Television shows are produced in Melbourne, most notably Neighbours, Kath & Kim, Winners and Losers, Offspring, Underbelly , House Husbands, Wentworth and Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries, along with national news-based programs such as The Project, Insiders and ABC News Breakfast.


Premise: The elevator located at the Casco Viejo station in the Bilbao Metro is also used for what?

Hypothesis: For example, there is a 3-station underground public elevator in Yalta, Ukraine, which takes passengers from the top of a hill above the Black Sea on which hotels are perched, to a tunnel located on the beach below.


Premise: When was homosexuality legalized in Bermuda?

Hypothesis: Both measures were in response to a decision by His Hon Mr. Justice Ian Kawaley, Chief Justice of Bermuda's earlier ruling that same sex spouses of Bermuda citizens could not be denied basic Human Rights.


Premise: Aside from Plymouth High School for Girls and Devonport High School for Boys, what state grammar school is present in Plymouth?

Hypothesis: There is also an independent school Plymouth College.


Premise: In order for a unconstitutional statue to disappear, it has to be deleted by?

Hypothesis: Notably, a statute does not disappear automatically merely because it has been found unconstitutional; it must be deleted by a subsequent statute.


Premise: What expansion team joined the league in 2011?

Hypothesis: It was the first time the AFL returned to Pittsburgh since the Pittsburgh Gladiators were an original franchise in 1987 before becoming the Tampa Bay Storm.


Premise: What law protects the teaching of Arabic and Islamic traditions in Mindanao?

Hypothesis: While there are state-recognised Islamic schools, such as Ibn Siena Integrated School in the Islamic City of Marawi, Sarang Bangun LC in Zamboanga and SMIE in Jolo, their Islamic studies programmes initially varied in application and content.


Premise: What year did one the first community service usages of videoconferencing take place?

Hypothesis: While videoconferencing technology was initially used primarily within internal corporate communication networks, one of the first community service usages of the technology started in 1992 through a unique partnership with PictureTel and IBM Corporations which at the time were promoting a jointly developed desktop based videoconferencing product known as the PCS/1.


Premise: Who was Kerry's running mate?

Hypothesis: In his 2004 presidential campaign, Kerry criticized George W. Bush for the Iraq War.


Premise: What opened the door to plant genetic engineering?

Hypothesis: The concept originally stated by Gottlieb Haberlandt in 1902 that all plant cells are totipotent and can be grown in vitro ultimately enabled the use of genetic engineering experimentally to knock out a gene or genes responsible for a specific trait, or to add genes such as GFP that report when a gene of interest is being expressed.


Premise: What did Brahmagupta use the number zero for?

Hypothesis: He also lucidly explained the use of zero as both a placeholder and a decimal digit, along with the Hindu-Arabic numeral system now used universally throughout the world.


Premise: What is the process of making a novel device look like a familiar device?

Hypothesis: The process of making a novel device look like a familiar device is also known as extension.


Premise: Where are Protestants especially notable in Zhejiang?

Hypothesis: In 1999 Zhejiang's Protestant population comprised 2.8% of the provincial population, a small percentage but higher than the national average.


Premise: Until when were Canadian forces in Afghanistan?

Hypothesis: They have been deployed in Afghanistan until 2011, under the NATO-led United Nations International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), at the request of the Government of Afghanistan.


Premise: What does CCIRC stand for?

Hypothesis: Canada's Cyber Security Strategy is part of a larger, integrated approach to critical infrastructure protection, and functions as a counterpart document to the National Strategy and Action Plan for Critical Infrastructure.


Premise: Which other country had a sizable naval army?

Hypothesis: Originally, Canada was thought to have had the third-largest navy in the world, but with the fall of the Soviet Union, new data based on Japanese and Soviet sources found that to be incorrect.


Premise: When did the draft end?

Hypothesis: The draft became extremely unpopular, and President Nixon ended it in 1973, forcing the military (the Army especially) to rely entirely upon volunteers.


Premise: What was the reason behind these interactions?

Hypothesis: The article noted that major healthcare organizations such as National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health, the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, the World Economic Forum, the Gates Foundation, the Wellcome Trust, and the Food and Drug Administration had encouraged greater interactions between physicians and industry in order to bring greater benefits to patients.


Premise: How many votes did the vote of confidence lose by in 1979?

Hypothesis: When referendums for Scottish and Welsh devolution were held in March 1979 Welsh devolution was rejected outright while the Scottish referendum returned a narrow majority in favour without reaching the required threshold of 40% support.


Premise: Where is the headquarters for the Rainbow Times?

Hypothesis: Various LGBT publications serve the city's large LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) community such as The Rainbow Times, the only minority and lesbian-owned LGBT newsmagazine.


Premise: Who designed the Bronx Museum of the Arts' 2006 expansion?

Hypothesis: The museum was temporarily closed in 2006 while it underwent a major expansion designed by the architectural firm Arquitectonica.


Premise: Who did Beyoncé perform privately for in 2011?

Hypothesis: In 2011, documents obtained by WikiLeaks revealed that Beyoncé was one of many entertainers who performed for the family of Libyan ruler Muammar Gaddafi.


Premise: What demographic was the most percentage of the households in total?

Hypothesis: There were 230,233 households, 29.4% of which had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.4% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.4% were non-families.


Premise: What language was no longer promoted as one of Estonia's main languages?

Hypothesis: Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.


Premise: The function of the brain from an evolutionary-biological thought is what?

Hypothesis: From an evolutionary-biological perspective, the function of the brain is to provide coherent control over the actions of an animal.


Premise: When WAS the "Shell" Transport and Trading Company founded?

Hypothesis: Their father had owned an antique company in Houndsditch, London, which expanded in 1833 to import and sell sea-shells, after which the company "Shell" took its name.


Premise: In what decade was German unification?

Hypothesis: These terms came to a sudden halt following the Revolutions of 1848 and the Crimean War in 1856, paving the way for German unification in the 1860s.


Premise: What types of churches attract tourists to Palermo?

Hypothesis: Numerous tourists are attracted to the city for its good Mediterranean weather, its renowned gastronomy and restaurants, its Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque churches, palaces and buildings, and its nightlife and music.


Premise: What Platonic idea lost influence as a result of the work of Ockham and Duns Scotus?

Hypothesis: Their efforts undermined the prevailing Platonic idea of "universals".


Premise: Who was UN Secretary General when Elizabeth addressed the UN?

Hypothesis: The UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon, introduced her as "an anchor for our age".


Premise: What method of execution was used on James W. Rodgers?

Hypothesis: The last use of the gallows between 1608 and the moratorium was when Kansas hanged George York on June 22, 1965.


Premise: How many college students does Boston attract?

Hypothesis: Boston attracts more than 350,000 college students from around the world, who contribute more than $4.8 billion annually to the city's economy.


Premise: What type of conditions do many garment works endure?

Hypothesis: Mass-produced clothing is often made in what are considered by some to be sweatshops, typified by long work hours, lack of benefits, and lack of worker representation.


Premise: What Empire split to create France and Germany?

Hypothesis: The Oaths of Strasbourg is considered as marking the birth of the two countries of France and Germany with the division of the Carolingian Empire.


Premise: what may possibly be a solution to net neutrality concerns?

Hypothesis: On 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position.


Premise: In adults, what conditions can cause the symptoms of asthma?

Hypothesis: In adults, COPD, congestive heart failure, airway masses, as well as drug-induced coughing due to ACE inhibitors should be considered.


Premise: When was the first electric light installed in the Eastern Market?

Hypothesis: In 1885 the first line of the Melbourne cable tramway system was built, becoming one of the worlds most extensive systems by 1890.


Premise: What first person from the USSR controlled their own spacecraft?

Hypothesis: Gherman Titov became the first Soviet cosmonaut to exercise manual control of his Vostok 2 craft on August 6, 1961.


Premise: What years did the Rinpungpa regime start and end?

Hypothesis: Helmut Hoffman states that the Ming upheld the facade of rule over Tibet through periodic missions of "tribute emissaries" to the Ming court and by granting nominal titles to ruling lamas, but did not actually interfere in Tibetan governance.


Premise: What was the most common type of brick used to construct London's older buildings?

Hypothesis: Older buildings are mainly brick built, most commonly the yellow London stock brick or a warm orange-red variety, often decorated with carvings and white plaster mouldings.


Premise: The importance of what military arm increased during the Carolingian era?

Hypothesis: In military technology, one of the main changes was the return of the crossbow, which had been known in Roman times and reappeared as a military weapon during the last part of the Early Middle Ages.


Premise: Are Greeks in danger of contributing vastly to the problem of population control ?

Hypothesis: Today, Greeks are the majority ethnic group in the Hellenic Republic, where they constitute 93% of the country's population, and the Republic of Cyprus where they make up 78% of the island's population (excluding Turkish settlers in the occupied part of the country).


Premise: What isn't uncommon in lucha libre?

Hypothesis: In lucha libre, cheap-shots and male-female attacks are not uncommon.


Premise: What has been a main area of solar chemical research since the 1970s?

Hypothesis: Another approach uses the heat from solar concentrators to drive the steam reformation of natural gas thereby increasing the overall hydrogen yield compared to conventional reforming methods.


Premise: Why did natives consider Africans to have a 'Great Medicine'?

Hypothesis: The primary exposure that Africans and Indigenous Americans had to each other came through the institution of slavery.


Premise: What famous revolutionary war speech was given in Richmond?  Where?

Hypothesis: During the Revolutionary War period, several notable events occurred in the city, including Patrick Henry's "Give me liberty or give me death" speech in 1775 at St. John's Church, and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson.


Premise: What was the previous name of Rajamangala University of Technology?

Hypothesis: There are two former institutes of technology, which already changed their name to "University of Technology":


Premise: WPXD channel 31 is an affliate of which TV network?

Hypothesis: WPXD channel 31, an affiliate of the ION Television network, is licensed to the city.


Premise: What is the most widely known medium for classical music?

Hypothesis: The symphony orchestra is the most widely known medium for classical music and includes members of the string, woodwind, brass, and percussion families of instruments.


Premise: How many Japanese prisoners were taken on Iwo Jima?

Hypothesis: The Japanese losses totaled well over 20,000 men killed, and only 1,083 prisoners were taken.


Premise: Who was the creator of the encyclopedia that The Times was known for selling to America?

Hypothesis: During his tenure (1890–1911), The Times became associated with selling the Encyclopædia Britannica using aggressive American marketing methods introduced by Horace Everett Hooper and his advertising executive, Henry Haxton.


Premise: Who began to increase their coverage of weaker debts?

Hypothesis: If the European central bank were to deal directly with failing banking systems sovereign debt would not look as leveraged relative to national income in the financially weaker member states.


Premise: What was the population of Tuscon according to the 2010 U.S. Census?

Hypothesis: The Tucson MSA forms part of the larger Tucson-Nogales combined statistical area (CSA), with a total population of 980,263 as of the 2010 Census.


Premise: Where do Armenians mostly live besides Armenia?

Hypothesis: There is a wide-ranging diaspora of around 5 million people of full or partial Armenian ancestry living outside of modern Armenia.


Premise: When was the Global Integrity Index first published?

Hypothesis: A second wave of corruption metrics has been created by Global Integrity, the International Budget Partnership, and many lesser known local groups.


Premise: An example shown has a low range quality score of what value?

Hypothesis: As an example, in a public listening test featuring two different MP3 encoders at about 128 kbit/s, one scored 3.66 on a 1–5 scale, while the other scored only 2.22.


Premise: When was ZE's Mutant Disco released?

Hypothesis: In the early 1980s, Downtown Manhattan's no wave scene transitioned from its abrasive origins into a more dance-oriented sound, with compilations such as ZE's Mutant Disco (1981) highlighting a newly playful sensibility borne out of the city's clash of hip hop, disco and punk styles, as well as dub reggae and world music influences.


Premise: What is the first requirement in order for bacteria to bind and recombine with other bacteria's DNA

Hypothesis: In order for a bacterium to bind, take up and recombine donor DNA into its own chromosome, it must first enter a special physiological state termed competence (see Natural competence).


Premise: Why are the buildings so shoddily built?

Hypothesis: On May 15, 2008 Geoffery York of the Globeandmail.com reported that the shoddily constructed buildings are commonly called "tofu buildings" because builders cut corners by replacing steel rods with thin iron wires for concrete re-inforcement; using inferior grade cement, if any at all; and using fewer bricks than they should.


Premise: Who was the child of Emilie Victoria Kraus who might have been another of Napoleon's illegitimate children?

Hypothesis: Alexandre Colonna-Walewski (1810–1868), the son of his mistress Maria Walewska, although acknowledged by Walewska's husband, was also widely known to be his child, and the DNA of his direct male descendant has been used to help confirm Napoleon's Y-chromosome haplotype.


Premise: Did Mexico play a part in the war?

Hypothesis: The major Allied participants were the United States, the Republic of China, the United Kingdom (including the armed forces of British India, the Fiji Islands, Samoa, etc.), Australia, the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the Netherlands (as the possessor of the Dutch East Indies and the western part of New Guinea), New Zealand, and Canada, all of whom were members of the Pacific War Council.


Premise: Where are Dancing with the Stars, MasterChef, and The Block filmed?

Hypothesis: Television shows are produced in Melbourne, most notably Neighbours, Kath & Kim, Winners and Losers, Offspring, Underbelly , House Husbands, Wentworth and Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries, along with national news-based programs such as The Project, Insiders and ABC News Breakfast.


Premise: Pesticides are inspected often to make sure they meet up to date safety regulations from what period of time.

Hypothesis: Pesticides produced before November 1984 continue to be reassessed in order to meet the current scientific and regulatory standards.


Premise: Who chastis Scout for the way she dresse and accuses her of ruining her family name?

Hypothesis: For example, Mrs. Dubose chastises Scout for not wearing a dress and camisole, and indicates she is ruining the family name by not doing so, in addition to insulting Atticus' intentions to defend Tom Robinson.


Premise: What was formed in 1941 to protect airfields?

Hypothesis: The Army's Anti-aircraft command, which was under command of the Air Defence UK organisation, grew to 12 AA divisions in 3 AA corps.


Premise: Who made the instruments used by the Dubliners?

Hypothesis: The instruments used are either flat-backed, oval hole examples as described above (made by UK luthier Roger Bucknall of Fylde Guitars), or carved-top, oval hole instruments with arched back (made by Stefan Sobell in Northumberland).


Premise: In the 1880s, who constructed the first solar cell?

Hypothesis: The first solar cell was constructed by Charles Fritts in the 1880s.


Premise: What makes up majority of the eastern Sichuan province?

Hypothesis: The eastern part of the province is mostly within the fertile Sichuan basin (which is shared by Sichuan with Chongqing Municipality).


Premise: What year did Dell announce its buyout deal?

Hypothesis: After several weeks of rumors, which started around January 11, 2013, Dell announced on February 5, 2013 that it had struck a $24.4 billion leveraged buyout deal, that would have delisted its shares from the NASDAQ and Hong Kong Stock Exchange and taken it private.


Premise: When did Switzerland sign the Kyoto Protocol?

Hypothesis: With Mexico and the Republic of Korea it forms the Environmental Integrity Group (EIG).


Premise: Who was dean of Yale Medical School from 1920 to 1935?

Hypothesis: He established the "Yale System" of teaching, with few lectures and fewer exams, and strengthened the full-time faculty system; he also created the graduate-level Yale School of Nursing and the Psychiatry Department, and built numerous new buildings.


Premise: Whic British city was nicknamed "Cottonopolis" because of its cotton production?

Hypothesis: The advent of the Industrial Revolution in Britain provided a great boost to cotton manufacture, as textiles emerged as Britain's leading export.


Premise: Who was 22nd of chart?

Hypothesis: Kangra district was top ranked with a population strength of 1,507,223 (21.98%), Mandi district 999,518 (14.58%), Shimla district 813,384 (11.86%), Solan district 576,670 (8.41%), Sirmaur district 530,164 (7.73%), Una district 521,057 (7.60%), Chamba district 518,844 (7.57%), Hamirpur district 454,293 (6.63%), Kullu district 437,474 (6.38%), Bilaspur district 382,056 (5.57%), Kinnaur district 84,298 (1.23%) and Lahaul Spiti 31,528 (0.46%).


Premise: What years was the study conducted in?

Hypothesis: In 1996–1997, a research study was conducted on a large population of middle age students in the Cherry Creek School District in Denver, Colorado, USA.


Premise: In what year did U.S. funding of UNFPA resume?

Hypothesis: By resuming funding to UNFPA, the US will be joining 180 other donor nations working collaboratively to reduce poverty, improve the health of women and children, prevent HIV/AIDS and provide family planning assistance to women in 154 countries."


Premise: What percent of oil made up Japan's domestic consumption?

Hypothesis: In an effort to discourage Japanese militarism, Western powers including Australia, the United States, Britain, and the Dutch government in exile, which controlled the petroleum-rich Dutch East Indies, stopped selling oil, iron ore, and steel to Japan, denying it the raw materials needed to continue its activities in China and French Indochina.


Premise: Gustavo Gutierrez is faculty of which institute?

Hypothesis: The university also houses the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies.


Premise: What is a concern with the new zinc pennies?

Hypothesis: In 1982, the US Mint began minting pennies coated in copper but made primarily of zinc.


Premise: Besides the endurance running hypothesis, what other theory of food collection is there?

Hypothesis: This hypothesis does not necessarily contradict the scavenging hypothesis: both subsistence strategies could have been in use – sequentially, alternating or even simultaneously.


Premise: What are some items used to dry clothes without the use of electricity?

Hypothesis: Clothes lines, clotheshorses, and clothes racks dry clothes through evaporation by wind and sunlight without consuming electricity or gas.


Premise: What was the name of the area in England ruled by the Vikings?

Hypothesis: The eagerness of Vikings in the Danelaw to communicate with their southern Anglo-Saxon neighbors produced a friction that led to the erosion of the complicated inflectional word-endings.


Premise: At what river was Hasdrubal Barca defeated at?

Hypothesis: Hasdrubal managed to break through into Italy only to be defeated decisively on the Metaurus River.


Premise: What causes the government to exert greater control over broadcast media than print media?

Hypothesis: The government exerts greater control over broadcast media than print media, especially due to finance and licensing.


Premise: Who is the head of Spectre?

Hypothesis: Moneypenny informs Bond that the information he collected leads to Mr. White, former member of Quantum, a subsidiary of Spectre.


Premise: Who studied rage and shame cycles in married couples?

Hypothesis: Retzinger (1991) conducted studies of married couples who experienced cycles of rage and shame.


Premise: The loss in value resulted in a clause being written in which article in the US Constitution?

Hypothesis: This was a primary reason for the "No state shall... make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts" clause in article 1, section 10 of the United States Constitution.


Premise: How much of the Bronx's population is black (not including Hispanic)?

Hypothesis: Blacks of non-Hispanic origin made up 30.8% of the population.


Premise: When was Lord Bathurst born?

Hypothesis: Samuel Johnson was so irritated at hearing it continually praised, that he made a parody of it, where the devil appears to a young Whig and predicts that in short time, Whiggism will poison even the paradise of America!


Premise: In what borough is Stickball Boulevard located?

Hypothesis: Stickball, a street version of baseball, was popularized by youths in the 1930s, and a street in the Bronx was renamed Stickball Boulevard in the late 2000s to memorialize this.


Premise: What are North Korea and China examples of?

Hypothesis: North Korea and China are examples; others can be found in Fascist states, such as Nazi Germany between 1934 and 1945.


Premise: Killer Queen reached what number on the Billboard Hot 100?

Hypothesis: The single "Killer Queen" from Sheer Heart Attack reached number two on the British charts, and became their first US hit, reaching number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100.


Premise: Which Melbourne rail station was the world's busiest passenger station in 1926?

Hypothesis: The city has rail connections with regional Victorian cities, as well as direct interstate rail services to Sydney and Adelaide and beyond which depart from Melbourne's other major rail terminus, Southern Cross Station in Spencer Street.


Premise: Are the cocoa beans grown in Samoa high or low quality?

Hypothesis: Samoan cocoa beans are of very high quality and used in fine New Zealand chocolates.


Premise: What emissions did Dell strive to reduce?

Hypothesis: It is listed in Greenpeace’s Guide to Greener Electronics that scores leading electronics manufacturers according to their policies on sustainability, climate and energy and how green their products are.


Premise: What is Gabon's ranking?

Hypothesis: A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development".


Premise: What is one of the reasons experts believe contributed to the volatilaty in oil prices in 2008?

Hypothesis: Experts debate the causes, with some attributing it to speculative flow of money from housing and other investments into commodities, some to monetary policy, and some to the increasing feeling of raw materials scarcity in a fast-growing world, leading to long positions taken on those markets, such as Chinese increasing presence in Africa.


Premise: What was an early version of the fiddle called?

Hypothesis: As well, early versions of the organ, fiddle (or vielle), and trombone (called the sackbut) existed.


Premise: What language is used for formal purposes by business and government institutes of New Delhi?

Hypothesis: English is primarily used as the formal language by business and government institutes.


Premise: How did Gaddafi deal with peer pressure regarding his cultural background?

Hypothesis: Bullied for being a Bedouin, he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children.


Premise: HOw much of the population do Sikh's make up?

Hypothesis: Sikhs mostly live in towns and cities and constitute 1.16% of the state population.


Premise: When did Houston start using light rail lines?

Hypothesis: METRO began light rail service on January 1, 2004, with the inaugural track ("Red Line") running about 8 miles (13 km) from the University of Houston–Downtown (UHD), which traverses through the Texas Medical Center and terminates at NRG Park.


Premise: Where does the digestions of some fats start?

Hypothesis: Complete digestion of one molecule of fat (a triglyceride) results a mixture of fatty acids, mono- and di-glycerides, as well as some undigested triglycerides, but no free glycerol molecules.


Premise: Who voted against the bill to end the constitution of Jamaica?

Hypothesis: The bill removed political power from plantation owners who were resisting measures associated with the abolition of slavery.


Premise: In early times, who was generally electied to cardinal?

Hypothesis: The rule remains that, if the person elected Pope is not yet a bishop, he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia.


Premise: When was Smeaton's Tower first constructed?

Hypothesis: It is open to the public and has views over the Plymouth Sound and the city from the lantern room.


Premise: what is another word for availability of telephone lines?

Hypothesis: There are presently around 25 mainlines per 1,000 persons, and the local availability of telephone lines (tele-density) is higher than in neighboring countries; three times greater than in adjacent Ethiopia.


Premise: What  kind of particles are quarks and leptons?

Hypothesis: This atomic matter is in turn made up of interacting subatomic particles—usually a nucleus of protons and neutrons, and a cloud of orbiting electrons.


Premise: Where was Johann Tillmann from?

Hypothesis: The new German nationalists, mostly young reformers such as Johann Tillmann of East Prussia, sought to unite all the German-speaking and ethnic-German (Volksdeutsche) people.


Premise: What prominent composer was once a member of The Whiffenpoofs?

Hypothesis: Groups often join one another in on-campus concerts, such as the Georgetown Chimes' Cherry Tree Massacre, a 3-weekend a cappella festival held each February since 1975, where over a hundred collegiate groups have appeared, as well as International Quartet Champions


Premise: How many universities and academies participated in the 2013 trans-genome study?

Hypothesis: Thus, analysis of Ashkenazi Jews together with a large sample from the region of the Khazar Khaganate corroborates the earlier results that Ashkenazi Jews derive their ancestry primarily from populations of the Middle East and Europe, that they possess considerable shared ancestry with other Jewish populations, and that there is no indication of a significant genetic contribution either from within or from north of the Caucasus region", the authors concluded.


Premise: The Min River is a major tributary of what river?

Hypothesis: Li Bing, engineered the Dujiangyan irrigation system to control the Min River, a major tributary of the Yangtze.


Premise: When did Marcin Woźniak search specifically for Slavic sub-group of R1a1a [M17]?

Hypothesis: The team led by Peter Underhill, which discovered M458, did not consider the possibility that this was a Slavic marker, since they used the "evolutionary effective" mutation rate, which gave a date far too old to be Slavic.


Premise: The Encyclopaedia Britannica was modelled along the same lines as a work from which country?

Hypothesis: The first edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1771) was modelled along the same lines as the German lexicons.


Premise: Who was said to have given money to the Dalai Lama?

Hypothesis: According to the Washington Times on April 15, however, the Chinese government was attempting to "calm the situation" through censorship: "All comments posted on popular Internet forum Sohu.com relating to a boycott of Carrefour have been deleted.


Premise: Besides the rough terrain, why was it difficult to get to the area?

Hypothesis: However, due to the rough terrain and close proximity of the quake's epicenter, the soldiers found it very difficult to get help to the rural regions of the province.


Premise: What man was almost ready to give Kanye a record deal?

Hypothesis: According to Capitol Record's A&R, Joe Weinberger, he was approached by West and almost signed a deal with him, but another person in the company convinced Capitol's president not to.


Premise: Grand theft Auto V was released in what year?

Hypothesis: (2004), Tony Hawk's American Wasteland (2005), L.A. Rush (2005), Midnight Club: Los Angeles (2008), Cars Race-O-Rama (2009), Grand Theft Auto V (2013) as a fictional district – Del Perro, Call of Duty: Ghosts (2013) as a fictional U.S. military base – Fort Santa Monica, The Crew (2014), Need for Speed (2015)


Premise: What has the pits from the Tuvalu air runways construction  impacted?

Hypothesis: impacted the fresh-water aquifer.


Premise: Who did the London merchants petition to get permission to sail the Indian Ocean?

Hypothesis: Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean.


Premise: Debutantes wore the feather of which bird in their hair?

Hypothesis: Débutantes wore full court dress, with three tall ostrich feathers in their hair.


Premise: What two towns were pinnacle for artistic production?

Hypothesis: In the late 19th century, many artists in the French provinces and worldwide flocked to Paris to exhibit their works in the numerous salons and expositions and make a name for themselves.


Premise: What was the vacuum created by the mercury displacement pump?

Hypothesis: In 1654, Otto von Guericke invented the first vacuum pump and conducted his famous Magdeburg hemispheres experiment, showing that teams of horses could not separate two hemispheres from which the air had been partially evacuated.


Premise: Dogs had a worth to what type of early humans?

Hypothesis: The dogs' value to early human hunter-gatherers led to them quickly becoming ubiquitous across world cultures.


Premise: How large in square kilometers is Greater Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: Greater Hyderabad covers 650 km2 (250 sq mi), making it one of the largest metropolitan areas in India.


Premise: Who did Ponsonby report the Munshis lies about his parentage to?

Hypothesis: Equerry Frederick Ponsonby (the son of Sir Henry) discovered that the Munshi had lied about his parentage, and reported to Lord Elgin, Viceroy of India, "the Munshi occupies very much the same position as John Brown used to do.


Premise: What are the basic types of agricultural groups?

Hypothesis: Hunting and gathering was humanity's first and most successful adaptation, occupying at least 90 percent of human history.


Premise: In the 2014 rankings produced by Times Higher Education, what position was Imperial ranked for GPA?

Hypothesis: In rankings produced by Times Higher Education based upon the REF results Imperial was ranked 2nd overall for GPA and 8th for "research power" (compared to 6th and 7th respectively in the equivalent rankings for the RAE 2008).


Premise: Any treaty provision that conflicts with the US Constitution is considered what under US law?

Hypothesis: The Supreme Court ruled in the Head Money Cases that "treaties" do not have a privileged position over Acts of Congress and can be repealed or modified (for the purposes of U.S. law) by any subsequent Act of Congress, just like with any other regular law.


Premise: Who was the first to prohibit the paper from being in its library?

Hypothesis: A Conservative council in Sowerby Bridge, Yorkshire, was the first to ban the paper from its public library, shortly after Page 3 began, because of its excessive sexual content.


Premise: Are the speed limits on I-19 marked in miles or kilometers?

Hypothesis: I-19 is the only Interstate highway that uses "kilometer posts" instead of "mileposts", although the speed limits are marked in miles per hour instead of kilometers per hour.


Premise: What is a cost of flocking?

Hypothesis: Costs of flocking include bullying of socially subordinate birds by more dominant birds and the reduction of feeding efficiency in certain cases.


Premise: What did demonstrators wear during the media rally?

Hypothesis: Journalists described the jailings as a blow to the recently-won news media freedoms that had followed five decades of censorship and persecution.


Premise: How did other news outlets report on Lord Kilbracken's words?

Hypothesis: Although many other British press services covered Lord Kilbracken's public comments, none of them made the argument that the Sun did in its editorial and none of them presented Lord Kilbracken's ideas without context or criticism.


Premise: What complaints did Von Neumann's neighbor's have?

Hypothesis: At Princeton he received complaints for regularly playing extremely loud German march music on his gramophone, which distracted those in neighbouring offices, including Albert Einstein, from their work.


Premise: What other three states were approved in the same year?

Hypothesis: Congress approved Montana statehood in February 1889 and President Grover Cleveland signed an omnibus bill granting statehood to Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota and Washington once the appropriate state constitutions were crafted.


Premise: How often are pesticides produced more recently evaluated for safety?

Hypothesis: The EPA regulates pesticides to ensure that these products do not pose adverse effects to humans or the environment.


Premise: How many Japanese troops defended Okinawa?

Hypothesis: Hard-fought battles on the Japanese home islands of Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and others resulted in horrific casualties on both sides but finally produced a Japanese defeat.


Premise: What did parents accuse builders of doing?

Hypothesis: Local officials urged them not to protest but the parents demonstrated and demanded an investigation.


Premise: As a result of the freedom, different encoders can result in different quality even if which aspect of the file is the same?

Hypothesis: Besides the bit rate of an encoded piece of audio, the quality of MP3 files also depends on the quality of the encoder itself, and the difficulty of the signal being encoded.


Premise: How are Mexican wrestlers different?

Hypothesis: Although professional wrestling in Mexico (lucha libre) also has stories and characters, they are less emphasized.


Premise: In what year did a red helium-neon laser come to be?

Hypothesis: Today, red and red-orange laser diodes are widely available to the public in the form of extremely inexpensive laser pointers.


Premise: How are Catalan verbs grouped?

Hypothesis: Catalan verbs are traditionally divided into three conjugations, with vowel themes -a-, -e-, -i-, the last two being split into two subtypes.


Premise: What organization researched the use of regional Dutch dialects and found their usage declining?

Hypothesis: Dutch dialects and regional languages are not spoken as often as they used to be.


Premise: Who became the Fire Chief in November 2008?

Hypothesis: Thomas served as Fire Chief until June 2008, and was succeeded by Chief Thomas Carr in November 2008.


Premise: When was H.R. 2000 introduced?

Hypothesis: On May 15, 2013, Resident Commissioner Pierluisi introduced H.R. 2000 to Congress to "set forth the process for Puerto Rico to be admitted as a state of the Union," asking for Congress to vote on ratifying Puerto Rico as the 51st state.


Premise: What 1979 comedy film featured Schwarzenegger, Kirk Douglas, and Ann-Margret?

Hypothesis: In 1980, he starred in a biographical film of the 1950s actress Jayne Mansfield as Mansfield's husband, Mickey Hargitay.


Premise: What's the Swedish word for a polytechnic school?

Hypothesis: After January 1, 2006, some Finnish ammattikorkeakoulus switched the English term "polytechnic" to the term "university of applied sciences" in the English translations of their legal names.


Premise: What was dedicated in 1932?

Hypothesis: In 1932, Raleigh Memorial Auditorium was dedicated.


Premise: What was invented in approximately 1286?

Hypothesis: In the 12th and 13th centuries, Europe produced economic growth and innovations in methods of production.


Premise: What is one family of birds have adaptations to produce a nutritive fluid to their chicks?

Hypothesis: The pigeon family, flamingos and penguins have adaptations to produce a nutritive fluid called crop milk that they provide to their chicks.


Premise: What was the war against the German occupiers considered?

Hypothesis: From 1904 to 1907, the Herero and the Namaqua took up arms against the Germans and in calculated punitive action by the German occupiers, the 'first genocide of the Twentieth Century' was committed.


Premise: Whic British city was nicknamed "Cottonopolis" because of its cotton production?

Hypothesis: From the late 18th century on, the British city of Manchester acquired the nickname "Cottonopolis" due to the cotton industry's omnipresence within the city, and Manchester's role as the heart of the global cotton trade.


Premise: What did the person who spoke to the media at Trocadéro say China lacked?

Hypothesis: Among them was Jane Birkin, who spoke to the media about the "lack of freedom of speech" in China.


Premise: What branch of the US military was born in Philadelphia?

Hypothesis: Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States.


Premise: What is the problem facing the job market in Thuringia?

Hypothesis: The Thuringian population has a significant sex ratio gap, caused by the emigration of young women, especially in rural areas.


Premise: How many lunch carts are there in Yale's Campus during lunchtime?

Hypothesis: The carts cluster at three main points: by Yale – New Haven Hospital in the center of the Hospital Green (Cedar and York streets), by Yale's Trumbull College (Elm and York streets), and on the intersection of Prospect and Sachem streets by the Yale School of Management.


Premise: What automotive brands exist in Portugal?

Hypothesis: Industry is diversified, ranging from automotive (Volkswagen Autoeuropa and Peugeot Citroen), aerospace (Embraer and OGMA), electronics and textiles, to food, chemicals, cement and wood pulp.


Premise: What city did the Qing lose in 1853?

Hypothesis: This new force became known as the Xiang Army, named after the Hunan region where it was raised.


Premise: What did previous religious orders do for a living?

Hypothesis: Dominic sought to establish a new kind of order, one that would bring the dedication and systematic education of the older monastic orders like the Benedictines to bear on the religious problems of the burgeoning population of cities, but with more organizational flexibility than either monastic orders or the secular clergy.


Premise: What, according to the text, are two examples of "old world" dogs?

Hypothesis: Systematic analyses of the dog genome has revealed only four major types of dogs that can be said to be statistically distinct.


Premise: When was the first figure skating championship held?

Hypothesis: Large hotels were built during the Belle Époque; cog-railways, built early in the 20th century, brought tourists to ever higher elevations, with the Jungfraubahn terminating at the Jungfraujoch, well above the eternal snow-line, after going through a tunnel in Eiger.


Premise: Which group provides opportunities for Eastern Europe and Asia exchange students?

Hypothesis: Similarities — in systems or even in ideas — that schools share internationally have led to an increase in international student exchanges.


Premise: Youtube doesn't do what to videos before they're posted?

Hypothesis: YouTube does not view videos before they are posted online, and it is left to copyright holders to issue a DMCA takedown notice pursuant to the terms of the Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act.


Premise: What kind of words does Catalan have few of?

Hypothesis: Catalan has few suppletive couplets, like Italian and Spanish, and unlike French.


Premise: When did Washington University secure its charter?

Hypothesis: Crow secured the university charter from the Missouri General Assembly in 1853, and Eliot was named President of the Board of Trustees.


Premise: What did Gaddafi tell the people that the revolution represented?

Hypothesis: He proclaimed that the revolution meant "freedom, socialism, and unity", and over the coming years implemented measures to achieve this.


Premise: What were two large ports on the English east coast in the North?

Hypothesis: In the north, substantial efforts were made against Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Sunderland, which were large ports on the English east coast.


Premise: What did Hameidi do during the coup?

Hypothesis: Khweldi Hameidi was sent to arrest crown prince Sayyid Hasan ar-Rida al-Mahdi as-Sanussi, and force him to relinquish his claim to the throne.


Premise: How many editions were published of Sarah Trimmer's history textbook for children?

Hypothesis: These popular works were written in a discursive style, which was laid out much more clearly for the reader than the complicated articles, treatises, and books published by the academies and scientists.


Premise: Which element has a enthalpy of combustion at −286 kJ/mol?

Hypothesis: The enthalpy of combustion for hydrogen is −286 kJ/mol:


Premise: What actions caused the decline of the Mughal Empire?

Hypothesis: The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expanse during the reign of Aurangzeb and also started its terminal decline in his reign due to Maratha military resurgence under Shivaji.


Premise: When Africa was colliding with Eurasia which seaway ceased to be during the Miocene?

Hypothesis: During the Miocene continents continued to drift toward their present positions.


Premise: What species colonizes the mammalian colon?

Hypothesis: All multicellular organisms are colonized to some degree by extrinsic organisms, and the vast majority of these exist in either a mutualistic or commensal relationship with the host.


Premise: How many lay vicars are there?

Hypothesis: In addition to the Dean and canons, there are at present two full-time minor canons, one is precentor, and the other is sacrist.


Premise: Bagaru and Sanganer represent what type of art?

Hypothesis: The block prints, tie and dye prints, Bagaru prints, Sanganer prints, and Zari embroidery are major export products from Rajasthan.


Premise: What book by Nick Hornby has twice been adapted for film?

Hypothesis: More recently, the book Fever Pitch by Nick Hornby was an autobiographical account of Hornby's life and relationship with football and Arsenal in particular.


Premise: How many Egyptian soldiers died during the fighting?

Hypothesis: Despite the commanded withdrawal of Egyptian troops, about 2,000 Egyptian soldiers were killed during engagement with Israeli forces, and some 5,000 Egyptian soldiers were captured by the Israeli Army.


Premise: How many CPUs do supercomputers typically possess?

Hypothesis: Supercomputers in particular often have highly unique architectures that differ significantly from the basic stored-program architecture and from general purpose computers.


Premise: In what case did the Supreme Court allow Section 1983 to be used to challenge a method of execution?

Hypothesis: Therefore, the Supreme Court held in the Hill case that a prisoner can use Section 1983 rather than habeas corpus to bring the lawsuit.


Premise: What is the only sport newspaper in Namibia?

Hypothesis: Other mentionable newspapers are the tabloid Informanté owned by TrustCo, the weekly Windhoek Observer, the weekly Namibia Economist, as well as the regional Namib Times.


Premise: Which season ten contestant was in the hospital instead of at the Top 13 results show?

Hypothesis: Casey Abrams, who suffers from ulcerative colitis, was hospitalized twice and missed the Top 13 result show.


Premise: In what season was Ace Young a finalist on American Idol?

Hypothesis: Prior to the announcement of the winner, season five finalist Ace Young proposed marriage to season three runner-up Diana DeGarmo on stage – which she accepted.


Premise: Who was given the task of creating a dictionary in the Novi Sad Agreement?

Hypothesis: Matica hrvatska and Matica srpska were to work together on a dictionary, and


Premise: Why might Darwin have postponed publishing his theory of evolution for over 20 years?

Hypothesis: Reasons suggested have included fear of religious persecution or social disgrace if his views were revealed, and concern about upsetting his clergymen naturalist friends or his pious wife Emma.


Premise: What pact contained many Russian-speaking countries?

Hypothesis: In the 20th century, Russian was mandatorily taught in the schools of the members of the old Warsaw Pact and in other countries that used to be satellites of the USSR.


Premise: Who did Beyoncé team up with in 2010 to get her fashions into Brazil?

Hypothesis: In July 2009, Beyoncé and her mother launched a new junior apparel label, Sasha Fierce for Deréon, for back-to-school selling.


Premise: Who did the 5th Dalai Lama beg for help from?

Hypothesis: When an ally of the Ü-Tsang ruler threatened destruction of the Gelugpas again, the fifth Dalai Lama Lozang Gyatso pleaded for help from the Mongol prince Güshi Khan (1582–1655), leader of the Khoshut (Qoshot) tribe of the Oirat Mongols, who was then on a pilgrimage to Lhasa.


Premise: Which two vernaculars hold relation to the official language?

Hypothesis: It is also used to write Pali, the sacred language of Theravada Buddhism, as well as several ethnic minority languages, including Shan, several Karen dialects, and Kayah (Karenni), with the addition of specialised characters and diacritics for each language.


Premise: What is the highest street number within the borough of Manhattan?

Hypothesis: Marble Hill is also within the borough of Manhattan, so the highest street number in the borough is 228th Street.


Premise: What material were the gates of the Temple of Jerusalem made from?

Hypothesis: The gates of the Temple of Jerusalem used Corinthian bronze made by depletion gilding.


Premise: What kind of routines do general gymnastic groups perform?

Hypothesis: General gymnastics enables people of all ages and abilities to participate in performance groups of 6 to more than 150 athletes.


Premise: What part of the country has the Köppen Climate Classification of (BWh)?

Hypothesis: The vast northern desert part of Mali has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification (BWh) with long, extremely hot summers and scarce rainfall which decreases northwards.


Premise: About what year was the Franciscan friary established in Southampton?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, many of the medieval buildings once situated within the town walls are now in ruins or have disappeared altogether.


Premise: When was the Luria-Delbruck experiment?

Hypothesis: For example, antibacterial selection for strains having previously acquired antibacterial-resistance genes was demonstrated in 1943 by the Luria–Delbrück experiment.


Premise: What did they used to call the municipalities within Mexico City?

Hypothesis: The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs).


Premise: What area was once the site of a significant pre-reformation movement, but now only has a small number of Protestants?

Hypothesis: Over the last several decades, religious practice has been declining as secularization has increased.


Premise: In addition to suspending their obligations under a treaty to the violating party, what may result from a material breach of treaty obligations?

Hypothesis: A material breach may also be invoked as grounds for permanently terminating the treaty itself.


Premise: How much was Kanye's bail bond?

Hypothesis: West was later released from the Los Angeles Police Department's Pacific Division station in Culver City on $20,000 bail bond.


Premise: Among which group is a capella becoming more prominent?

Hypothesis: a cappella groups are also gaining in popularity.


Premise: What variety has there been in the materials of clothing throughout history?

Hypothesis: Clothing can and has in history been made from a very wide variety of materials.


Premise: What radio DJ was originally hired as a judge in season one but declined?

Hypothesis: A fourth judge, radio DJ Stryker, was originally chosen but he dropped out citing "image concerns".


Premise: When did political subgroups begin to appear in Estonia?

Hypothesis: In the first centuries AD, political and administrative subdivisions began to emerge in Estonia.


Premise: In the nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative cases what always agrees with the noun in number and case?

Hypothesis: With respect to the Proto-Finnic language, elision has occurred; thus, the actual case marker may be absent, but the stem is changed, cf.


Premise: What did Bronck do?

Hypothesis: The Bronx is named after Jonas Bronck who created the first settlement as part of the New Netherland colony in 1639.


Premise: What was the score in the final game that Everton won its second FA Cup in 1993 against Manchester City?

Hypothesis: Everton also won their second FA Cup in 1933 with a 3–0 win against Manchester City in the final.


Premise: What change in building heights did Seattle make to increase population density in its downtown ?

Hypothesis: The Seattle City Council later voted to relax height limits on buildings in the greater part of Downtown, partly with the aim to increase residential density in the city centre.


Premise: Who questioned Nasser?

Hypothesis: Soon after his return, he was summoned and interrogated by Prime Minister Ibrahim Abdel Hadi regarding suspicions that he was forming a secret group of dissenting officers.


Premise: What are copper salts used to test?

Hypothesis: Many wet-chemical tests for copper ions exist, one involving potassium ferrocyanide, which gives a brown precipitate with copper(II) salts.


Premise: What position did Ecdicius hold?

Hypothesis: On 23 October the people gathered about the proscribed bishop to protest against the emperor's decree; but Athanasius urged them to submit, consoling them with the promise that his absence would be of short duration.


Premise: In 2010, what was conducted on mummified remains of baboons?

Hypothesis: Led by a research team from the Egyptian Museum and the University of California, the scientists used oxygen isotope analysis to examine hairs from two baboon mummies that had been preserved in the British Museum.


Premise: When was the Anglo -Russia Entente signed?

Hypothesis: The immediate origins of the war lay in the decisions taken by statesmen and generals during the July Crisis of 1914, the spark (or casus belli) for which was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.


Premise: Who traditionally paid for scholars to study natural sciences?

Hypothesis: In addition to religious subjects, they also taught the "rational sciences," as varied as mathematics, astronomy, astrology, geography, alchemy, philosophy, magic, and occultism, depending on the curriculum of the specific institution in question.


Premise: What metal rose due to speculation?

Hypothesis: Both the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspended trading of companies based in southwestern China.


Premise: Do Haredi Jews tend to have large or small families?

Hypothesis: It is noteworthy that these Haredi Jews often have extremely large families.


Premise: What was the prototype for the Ferranti Mark 1?

Hypothesis: The LEO I computer became operational in April 1951  and ran the world's first regular routine office computer job.


Premise: Which governing body controls the England national football team?

Hypothesis: The England national football team represents England and the Crown Dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man for football matches as part of FIFA-authorised events, and is controlled by The Football Association, the governing body for football in England.


Premise: What is considered to be the most authoritative constitutional power?

Hypothesis: This power would often be used to obstruct political opponents.


Premise: Thomas Edison is credited with?

Hypothesis: In the latter part of the second revolution, Thomas Alva Edison developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world and is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory.


Premise: What city was the Olympic Torch at on April 3rd?

Hypothesis: Several protesters who tried to disrupt the relay were promptly arrested by the police.


Premise: Of the street vendors in Hyderabad what percentage owned their own stall in 2007?

Hypothesis: According to a survey published in 2007, it had 40–50,000 street vendors, and their numbers were increasing.:9


Premise: What was the new name of the Canadian Armed Forces?

Hypothesis: After the 1980s, the use of the "Canadian Armed Forces" name gave way to "Canadian Forces";[citation needed]


Premise: Cyprus was a naval outpost which overlooked what canal?

Hypothesis: By 1906, when the Famagusta harbour was completed, Cyprus was a strategic naval outpost overlooking the Suez Canal, the crucial main route to India which was then Britain's most important overseas possession.


Premise: What were temporary camps known as?

Hypothesis: Some new immigrants arrived as refugees with no possessions and were housed in temporary camps known as ma'abarot; by 1952, over 200,000 immigrants were living in these tent cities.


Premise: On what date was ArenaBowl XXI played?

Hypothesis: New Orleans Arena, home of the New Orleans VooDoo, served as the site of ArenaBowl XXI on July 29, 2007.


Premise: How did the gridlock between Whitlam and Fraser end?

Hypothesis: Following the 1974–75 Loans Affair, the Malcolm Fraser led Liberal-Country Party Coalition argued that the Whitlam Government was incompetent and delayed passage of the Government's money bills in the Senate, until the government would promise a new election.


Premise: What is lessened when people are with their pet dogs?

Hypothesis: The health benefits of dogs can result from contact with dogs in general, and not solely from having dogs as pets.


Premise: Where did Chen live in 2005?

Hypothesis: Karim did not attend the party and denied that it had occurred, but Chen commented that the idea that YouTube was founded after a dinner party "was probably very strengthened by marketing ideas around creating a story that was very digestible".


Premise: Did women in the studys become aroused to heterosexual stimulation?

Hypothesis: The study found that women's genitals become aroused to both human and nonhuman stimuli from movies showing humans of both genders having sex (heterosexual and homosexual) and from videos showing non-human primates (bonobos) having sex.


Premise: A court system with a hierarchy of different administrative courts occurs in what kind of legal system?

Hypothesis: Jurisdictions with a civil law system often have a hierarchy of administrative courts separate from the ordinary courts, headed by a supreme administrative court as it the case in the Netherlands.


Premise: Storyboards and what are thought to be comics by some?

Hypothesis: Wordless novels are books which use sequences of captionless images to deliver a narrative.


Premise: How many times did Sumerian farmers plow, harrow and rake the ground?

Hypothesis: After drying, they plowed, harrowed, and raked the ground three times, and pulverized it with a mattock, before planting seed.


Premise: What power plant was damaged?

Hypothesis: A recent inspection indicated that the damage was less severe than initially feared, and it remains structurally stable and safe.


Premise: When did the Age of Iron begin?

Hypothesis: The Iron Age began around 500 BC with the emergence of iron-working settlements in an area south of present-day Mandalay.


Premise: What consumer trend has hurt many personal computer manufacturers?

Hypothesis: Nonetheless, like other personal computer manufacturers, the Macintosh lines have been hurt by consumer trend towards smartphones and tablet computers (particularly Apple's own iPhone and iPad, respectively) as the computing devices of choice among consumers.


Premise: In which direction does the groove in a normal disc run?

Hypothesis: The sound is encoded by fine variations in the edges of the groove that cause a stylus (needle) placed in it to vibrate at acoustic frequencies when the disc is rotated at the correct speed.


Premise: Artifacts from which era suggest that the moon was used to reckon time around 6,000 years ago?

Hypothesis: Artifacts from the Paleolithic suggest that the moon was used to reckon time as early as 6,000 years ago.


Premise: How many endemic faunal species do forests harbor?

Hypothesis: The forests play a vital role in harbouring more than 45,000 floral and 81,000 faunal species of which 5150 floral and 1837 faunal species are endemic.


Premise: Who was the first democratically elected President?

Hypothesis: Ange-Félix Patassé became president, but was later removed by General François Bozizé in the 2003 coup.


Premise: What year did Lane Crawford open?

Hypothesis: The first department stores Lane Crawford was opened in 1850 by Scots Thomas Ash Lane and Ninian Crawford on Des Voeux Road, Hong Kong Island.


Premise: How many of Andrew Johnson's veto's were over turned by Congress

Hypothesis: " Congress, however, managed to override fifteen of Johnson's twenty-nine vetoes.


Premise: The 360 Pro's original storage was replaced by a hard drive of what size in 2008?

Hypothesis: The "Xbox 360 Core" was replaced by the "Xbox 360 Arcade" in October 2007 and a 60 GB version of the Xbox 360 Pro was released on August 1, 2008.


Premise: Which famous automobile designer is considered a non - academic alumni?

Hypothesis: Non-academic alumni:


Premise: What does the Book of Daniel contain?

Hypothesis: Daniel and his friends received their diet for 10 days and were then compared to the king's men.


Premise: Above what temperature is the β form of uranium hydride created?

Hypothesis: Two crystal modifications of uranium hydride exist: an α form that is obtained at low temperatures and a β form that is created when the formation temperature is above 250 °C.


Premise: How many of the Australian Football League's teams are based in the Melbourne metropolitan area?

Hypothesis: Nine of the League's teams are based in the Melbourne metropolitan area: Carlton, Collingwood, Essendon, Hawthorn, Melbourne, North Melbourne, Richmond, St Kilda, and Western Bulldogs.


Premise: The convention deposed Carranza in favor of whom?

Hypothesis: After Carranza took control in 1914, Villa and other revolutionaries who opposed him met at what was called the Convention of Aguascalientes.


Premise: How much warmer is Neptune's south pole to the rest of it's atmosphere?

Hypothesis: The relative "hot spot" is due to Neptune's axial tilt, which has exposed the south pole to the Sun for the last quarter of Neptune's year, or roughly 40 Earth years.


Premise: What adjascent communities also hold a high Jewish population?

Hypothesis: The city has a sizable Jewish population with an estimated 25,000 Jews within the city and 227,000 within the Boston metro area; the number of congregations in Boston is estimated at 22.


Premise: In 1957, the Saar Protectorate rejoined the Federal Republic as which city?

Hypothesis: German reunification in 1990, in which the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) ascended into the Federal Republic, resulted in the addition of the re-established eastern states of Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-West Pomerania (in German Mecklenburg-Vorpommern), Saxony (Sachsen), Saxony-Anhalt (Sachsen-Anhalt), and Thuringia (Thüringen), as well as the reunification of West and East Berlin into Berlin and its establishment as a full and equal state.


Premise: When was the so-called February Countercurrent?

Hypothesis: Jiang Hua (term 1956-1968), was the "chief justice" on the Special Court in the case against the Gang of Four in 1980.


Premise: What is Windows to Go?

Hypothesis: Windows 8 also adds native support for USB 3.0 devices, which allow for faster data transfers and improved power management with compatible devices, and hard disk 4KB Advanced Format support, as well as support for near field communication to facilitate sharing and communication between devices.


Premise: During what years was Suleiman the Magnificent alive?

Hypothesis: Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[not in citation given] and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the territory of present-day Hungary (except the western part) and other Central European territories.


Premise: What have some structures evolved to protect?

Hypothesis: Usually, other structures are present and serve to protect the sporophylls and to form an envelope attractive to pollinators.


Premise: Because word order is flexible in Czech, what does it tend to actually be used for?

Hypothesis: Although Czech has a periphrastic passive construction (like English), colloquial word-order changes frequently produce the passive voice.


Premise: What event led to the return of Estonians back home?

Hypothesis: This conflict continued into the early 1950s.


Premise: What is Tennessee's most populous city?

Hypothesis: Tennessee's capital and second largest city is Nashville, which has a population of 601,222.


Premise: Out of 10,000 people, how many people are bitten by dogs in the United States?

Hypothesis: The incidence of dog bites in the US is 12.9 per 10,000 inhabitants, but for boys aged 5 to 9, the incidence rate is 60.7 per 10,000.


Premise: In what year did Everton take 7,000 travelling fans with them to an away game?

Hypothesis: In October 2009, Everton took 7,000 travelling fans to Benfica, their largest ever away crowd in Europe since the 1985 European Cup Winners' Cup Final.


Premise: What was the median income for a family in the city?

Hypothesis: The per capita income for the city was $15,402.


Premise: What month and year saw the introduction of the TCM Wineclub?

Hypothesis: From the wines chosen, TCM also includes recommended movies to watch with each, such as a "True Grit" wine, to be paired with the John Wayne film of the same name.


Premise: What sector has expanded radiply by selling outsourcing services to North America and Europe?

Hypothesis: The IT sector has been stimulated by new Egyptian entrepreneurs with government encouragement.[citation needed]


Premise: What style are most windows on secular Gothic structures?

Hypothesis: The country-houses of the nobility were slow to abandon the appearance of being a castle, even in parts of Europe, like England, where defence had ceased to be a real concern.


Premise: What did Freddie Mercury die of?

Hypothesis: Bohemian Rhapsody" was re-released as a single shortly after Mercury's death


Premise: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction is common in what profession?

Hypothesis: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction is common in professional athletes.