Premise: What is an element of Peruvian's Carnival not found in any other country's celebrations?

Hypothesis: It consisted basically of water battles in a traditional way,[clarification needed] while in later years it included playing with dirty water, mud, oil and colorants -and also including fighting and sometimes looting private property and sexual assaults on women.


Premise: Which pope began using creati et reservati in pectore?

Hypothesis: During the Western Schism, many cardinals were created by the contending popes.


Premise: Which cultural do multicultural people usually identify with?

Hypothesis: Historical reasons, including slavery creating a racial caste and the European-American suppression of Native Americans, often led people to identify or be classified by only one ethnicity, generally that of the culture in which they were raised.


Premise: What encoding reduces the heterogeneity of a dataset by sorting SNPs?

Hypothesis: For this, Chanda, Elhaik, and Bader introduced MAF based encoding (MAFE), which reduces the heterogeneity of the dataset by sorting SNPs by their minor allele frequency, thus homogenizing the dataset.


Premise: What altitude range is most migration recorded?

Hypothesis: Seabirds fly low over water but gain altitude when crossing land, and the reverse pattern is seen in landbirds.


Premise: Was does ROPMA stand for in the USAF?

Hypothesis: Air Force officer promotions are governed by the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980 and its companion Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act (ROPMA) for officers in the Air Force Reserve and the Air National Guard.


Premise: What are the qualifications offered?

Hypothesis: A range of qualifications are offered – from GCSE, A/S and A2, to Level 3 Diplomas and VRQ qualifications:


Premise: How much did the Confessions Tour make?

Hypothesis: Madonna used religious symbols, such as the crucifix and Crown of Thorns, in the performance of "Live to Tell".


Premise: How many protestors were killed in the demonstration?

Hypothesis: Two protesters were killed and Nasser received a graze to the head from a policeman's bullet.


Premise: In what year was The Moulin Rouge opened?

Hypothesis: The Moulin Rouge was opened in 1889.


Premise: In what year did the historic old town in the center of Bern become a UNESCO World Heritage Site?

Hypothesis: In 1983 the historic old town in the centre of Bern became a UNESCO World Heritage Site.


Premise: What was the goal of MAD?

Hypothesis: His goal was to quickly develop ICBMs and the compact hydrogen bombs that they could deliver to the USSR, and he knew the Soviets were doing similar work because the CIA interviewed German rocket scientists who were allowed to return to Germany, and von Neumann had planted a dozen technical people in the CIA.


Premise: Who were the people that were power political and economic force in Victoria in 1845?

Hypothesis: The British Colonial Office appointed five Aboriginal Protectors for the Aborigines of Victoria, in 1839, however their work was nullified by a land policy that favoured squatters to take possession of Aboriginal lands.


Premise: Which president at Notre Dame created the College of Science?

Hypothesis: The College of Science was established at the university in 1865 by president Father Patrick Dillon.


Premise: The rabies vaccine was created in what year?

Hypothesis: The first diphtheria vaccines were produced in 1914 from a mixture of diphtheria toxin and antitoxin (produced from the serum of an inoculated animal), but the safety of the inoculation was marginal and it was not widely used.


Premise: What entity provides help with the management of time for new students at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: All of Notre Dame's undergraduate students are a part of one of the five undergraduate colleges at the school or are in the First Year of Studies program.


Premise: At what milestone was the archive made public?

Hypothesis: Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers and scientists to tap into the clunky database.


Premise: In 1930s how many indentured children were there?

Hypothesis: There were even Verdingkinder auctions where children were handed over to the farmer asking the least amount of money from the authorities, thus securing cheap labour for his farm and relieving the authority from the financial burden of looking after the children.


Premise: Where were the inspirations for the new phase of neoclassicism centered?

Hypothesis: The Adam brothers aimed to simplify the rococo and baroque styles which had been fashionable in the preceding decades, to bring what they felt to be a lighter and more elegant feel to Georgian houses.


Premise: Madonna sold how many albums worldwide?

Hypothesis: Madonna has sold more than 300 million records worldwide.


Premise: Who established the Berg-Schola?

Hypothesis: The world's first Institute of Technology the Berg-Schola (Bergschule) established in Selmecbánya, Kingdom of Hungary by the Court Chamber of Vienna in 1735 providing Further education to train specialists of precious metal and copper mining.


Premise: What is SEATO?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower responded to the French defeat with the formation of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization)


Premise: Where has there been a rise of indigenous movements in recent years?

Hypothesis: Similar movements for indigenous rights can also be seen in Canada and the United States, with movements like the International Indian Treaty Council and the accession of native Indian group into the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization.


Premise: What is one of the main things John Rolfe is known for?

Hypothesis: It is the oldest continually inhabited English town in the New World.


Premise: Who invented the term "urban adult contemporary format"?

Hypothesis: In response to the pressure on Hot AC, a new kind of AC format cropped up among American radio recently.


Premise: When did the Jaluit Gesellschaft's administration of the islands end?

Hypothesis: A German trading company, the Jaluit Gesellschaft, administered the islands from 1887 until 1905.


Premise: Along with anti-death penalty advocacy, why has there been a shortage in drugs for lethal injections in the United States?

Hypothesis: The European Union has outlawed the export of any product that could be used in an execution; this has prevented executioners from using EU-manufactured anesthetics like propofol which are needed for general medical purposes.


Premise: What is the busiest airport in Paris?

Hypothesis: Today it is the 4th busiest airport in the world by international traffic, and is the hub for the nation's flag carrier Air France.


Premise: The CLIPSAS Organization was formed in what year?

Hypothesis: In 1961, an umbrella organisation, Centre de Liaison et d'Information des Puissances maçonniques Signataires de l'Appel de Strasbourg (CLIPSAS) was set up, which today provides a forum for most of these Grand Lodges and Grand Orients worldwide.


Premise: Which team won the first recorded Canadian football game?

Hypothesis: The game gradually gained a following, with the Hamilton Football Club formed on November 3, 1869, (the oldest football club in Canada).


Premise: What is expedition tourism to Antarctica subject to?

Hypothesis: Small-scale "expedition tourism" has existed since 1957 and is currently subject to Antarctic Treaty and Environmental Protocol provisions, but in effect self-regulated by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO).


Premise: Which type of philosphy did not continue after 1400?

Hypothesis: The materialistic Cārvāka philosophy appears to have died out some time after 1400.


Premise: Who were the first two countries to recognize the State of Israel?

Hypothesis: Their bilateral relations are multidimensional and the United States is the principal proponent of the Arab-Israeli peace process.


Premise: In what year did the Human Development Report introduce the IHDI?

Hypothesis: While the simple HDI remains useful, it stated that "the IHDI is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality)," and "the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development (or the maximum IHDI that could be achieved if there were no inequality)."


Premise: What did President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf have installed in her presidential office?

Hypothesis: One of the most well-known Liberian quilters was Martha Ann Ricks, who presented a quilt featuring the famed Liberian coffee tree to Queen Victoria in 1892.


Premise: In what area did Catalan develop?

Hypothesis: Catalan evolved from Vulgar Latin around the eastern Pyrenees in the 9th century.


Premise: Which area of Western Alaska is techincally a desert?

Hypothesis: An area stretching from the northern side of the Seward Peninsula to the Kobuk River valley (i. e., the region around Kotzebue Sound) is technically a desert, with portions receiving less than 10 in (25 cm) of precipitation annually.


Premise: Which far away cities in other countries could feel the earthquake?

Hypothesis: The earthquake was also felt in nearby countries and as far away as both Beijing and Shanghai—1,500 km (930 mi) and 1,700 km (1,060 mi) away—where office buildings swayed with the tremor.


Premise: What was the name of the manifesto that Rabbi Jacob Ettlinger produced?

Hypothesis: As a group of Reform Rabbis convened in Braunschweig, Rabbi Jacob Ettlinger of Altona published a manifesto entitled "Shlomei Emunei Yisrael" in German and Hebrew, having 177 Rabbis sign on.


Premise: What was the name of Victoria's husband?

Hypothesis: Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840.


Premise: Who believes that the market does not value nature's service adequately?

Hypothesis: It also favors the near term over the long term, thereby showing limited concern for future generations.


Premise: What is the name of the range where the Intermontane plateaus end?

Hypothesis: The Intermontane Plateaus come to an end at the Cascade Range and the Sierra Nevada.


Premise: In general how many people attend these music concerts?

Hypothesis: The New Haven Green is the site of many free music concerts, especially during the summer months.


Premise: What did the Muslim Brotherhood want to happen to Nasser?

Hypothesis: Nasser was forced to acquiesce, but delayed Naguib's reinstatement until 4 March, allowing him to promote Amer to Commander of the Armed Forces—a position formerly occupied by Naguib.


Premise: The IEEE 802.3af Power over Ethernet (PoE) standard specifies a what?

Hypothesis: However, USB is cheaper than PoE provided that the distance is short, and power demand is low.


Premise: The single, "Listen" was featured in which movie?

Hypothesis: To promote the film, Beyoncé released "Listen" as the lead single from the soundtrack album.


Premise: The economy grows at what rate in the last few years?

Hypothesis: The annual real GDP growth rate is just above 3%.


Premise: What type of societies were usually still successful after dealing with famine?

Hypothesis: In instances where agriculture had become the predominant way of life, the sensitivity to these shortages could be particularly acute, affecting agrarian populations to an extent that otherwise may not have been routinely experienced by prior hunter-gatherer communities.


Premise: What would you call a frame that holds the cask of beer horizontally when it arrives at the pub?

Hypothesis: Typically, when a cask arrives in a pub, it is placed horizontally on a frame called a "stillage" which is designed to hold it steady and at the right angle, and then allowed to cool to cellar temperature (typically between 11–13 °C or 52–55 °F), before being tapped and vented—a tap is driven through a (usually rubber) bung at the bottom of one end, and a hard spile or other implement is used to open a hole in the side of the cask, which is now uppermost.


Premise: In which country did Madonna rubbed the country's flag between her thighs that anger the public?

Hypothesis: In March 1994, she appeared as a guest on the Late Show with David Letterman, using profanity that required censorship on television, and handing Letterman a pair of her panties and asking him to smell it.


Premise: Characters with what marks can be displayed as a single character or a decomposed sequence?

Hypothesis: For example, ḗ (precomposed e with macron and acute above) and ḗ (e followed by the combining macron above and combining acute above) should be rendered identically, both appearing as an e with a macron and acute accent, but in practice, their appearance may vary depending upon what rendering engine and fonts are being used to display the characters.


Premise: In what kind of countries is the celebration of Valentine's day forbidden?

Hypothesis: The celebration of Saint Valentine's Day is forbidden or strongly condemned in many Islamic countries, including Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Iran.


Premise: The Imperial War Cabinet was created by which British Prime Minister?

Hypothesis: The contributions of Australian and New Zealand troops during the 1915 Gallipoli Campaign against the Ottoman Empire had a great impact on the national consciousness at home, and marked a watershed in the transition of Australia and New Zealand from colonies to nations in their own right.


Premise: Literate men acknowledged Virgil as a master poet despite what empire collapsing?

Hypothesis: Even as the Western Roman empire collapsed, literate men acknowledged that Virgil was a master poet.


Premise: What do many historical linguists consider modern Greek to be a dialect of?

Hypothesis: Many historical linguists view any speech form as a dialect of the older medium of communication from which it developed.[citation needed]


Premise: When was the first satellite for the BeiDou-2 system launched?

Hypothesis: On 15 January 2010, the official website of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System went online, and the system's third satellite (Compass-G1) was carried into its orbit by a Long March 3C rocket on 17 January 2010.


Premise: How long of an 'apprenticeship' did slaves need to have before being fully freed?

Hypothesis: With support from the British abolitionist movement, Parliament enacted the Slave Trade Act in 1807, which abolished the slave trade in the empire.


Premise: How many members are in a house?

Hypothesis: The House, led by a speaker, has 73 members apportioned among the 15 counties on the basis of the national census, with each county receiving a minimum of two members.


Premise: How many undergraduate programs are offered by Northwestern?

Hypothesis: Northwestern is a large, residential research university.


Premise: Two of the three Catholic high schools are operated by which religious group?

Hypothesis: As of 2013[update] there are four Catholic grade schools and three Catholic high schools in the City of Detroit, with all of them in the city's west side.


Premise: Greece and ESA signed their first agreement in what year?

Hypothesis: Having formally applied for full membership in 2003, Greece became the ESA's sixteenth member on 16 March 2005.


Premise: What is another thing that Gregor Mendel was the first to demonstrate?

Hypothesis: Mendel was also the first to demonstrate independent assortment, the distinction between dominant and recessive traits, the distinction between a heterozygote and homozygote, and the phenomenon of discontinuous inheritance.


Premise: What does being a Class 1 LED product mean?

Hypothesis: The vast majority of devices containing LEDs are "safe under all conditions of normal use", and so are classified as "Class 1 LED product"/"LED Klasse 1".


Premise: In which directions does the River Thames divide the City of London?

Hypothesis: Greater London is split for some purposes into Inner London and Outer London.


Premise: In what province of South Africa do Somalis congregate?

Hypothesis: In South Africa, Somali businesspeople also provide most of the retail trade in informal settlements around the Western Cape province.


Premise: What was the endeavor to reclaim territory from Israel called?

Hypothesis: He also advised Arafat to think of peace with Israel and the establishment of a Palestinian state comprising the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.


Premise: What were the majority of the differences in the revised budget due to the temporary changing of?

Hypothesis: This led to claims that Greece (similar claims have been made about other European countries like Italy) had not actually met all five accession criteria, and the common perception that Greece entered the Eurozone through "falsified" deficit numbers.


Premise: Where do most satellites operate?

Hypothesis: But although it meets the definition of outer space, the atmospheric density within the first few hundred kilometers above the Kármán line is still sufficient to produce significant drag on satellites.


Premise: What historically significant Dutch document begins with the phrase "Forsachistu diobolae"?

Hypothesis: The oldest conserved larger Dutch text is the Utrecht baptismal vow (776-800) starting with Forsachistu diobolae [...]


Premise: How many people were killed?

Hypothesis: Around 200 people were killed and another 2,000 injured.


Premise: The government of India proposed that The Charminar become a UNESCO World Heritage site, what other two monuments were suggested for the same status?

Hypothesis: Most of the historical bazaars that still exist were constructed on the street north of Charminar towards Golconda fort.


Premise: What is the saving grace of relying on these theories?

Hypothesis: More importantly, the values of the Planck constant obtained in this way cannot be used as tests of the theories without falling into a circular argument.


Premise: Who wrote Anarchy, State, and Utopia?

Hypothesis: Robert Nozick's 1974 book Anarchy, State, and Utopia, which won a National Book Award, responded to Rawls from a libertarian perspective and gained academic respectability for libertarian viewpoints.


Premise: What percentage of Somalians are ethnic Somalis?

Hypothesis: Somalis constitute the largest ethnic group in Somalia, at approximately 85% of the nation's inhabitants.


Premise: What year did Thailand form an alliance with Japan?

Hypothesis: The Axis states which assisted Japan included the authoritarian government of Thailand in World War II, which quickly formed a temporary alliance with the Japanese in 1941, as the Japanese forces were already invading the peninsula of southern Thailand.


Premise: What cruise line celebrated a landmark anniversary in Southampton in July of 2012?

Hypothesis: The importance of Southampton to the cruise industry was indicated by P&O Cruises's 175th anniversary celebrations, which included all seven of the company's liners visiting Southampton in a single day.


Premise: In an ideal model of a capacitor, what is the value that describes the permittivity of the dielectric?

Hypothesis: The voltage is defined as the line integral of the electric field between the plates


Premise: What event provoked the Stonewall riots?

Hypothesis: The Stonewall riots were a series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations by members of the gay community against a police raid that took place in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan.


Premise: Who named Madonna as the top-earning celebrity of the year?

Hypothesis: Madonna was named the top-earning celebrity of the year by Forbes, earning an estimated $125 million, due to the success of the tour.


Premise: Who convinced the king to lock the wine cellars?

Hypothesis: The King imposed rationing at the palace, much to the dismay of his guests and household.


Premise: What year did the US enter World War I?

Hypothesis: In 1917 the Germans resumed submarine attacks, knowing that it would lead to American entry.


Premise: What did Beyoncé announce in January 2010?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé's musical break lasted nine months and saw her visit multiple European cities, the Great Wall of China, the Egyptian pyramids, Australia, English music festivals and various museums and ballet performances.


Premise: What was thought to be the main focal point of the debate?

Hypothesis: During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia.


Premise: When did she vote a second time against war?

Hypothesis: This time she was the only vote against the war, and in the wake of public outcry over her vote, she required police protection for a time.


Premise: Which leading literary figure often mentioned Virgin in his poetry?

Hypothesis: Sometime after the publication of the Eclogues (probably before 37 BC), Virgil became part of the circle of Maecenas, Octavian's capable agent d'affaires who sought to counter sympathy for Antony among the leading families by rallying Roman literary figures to Octavian's side.


Premise: Rebirth into the formless realms can only be attained by who?

Hypothesis: The above are further subdivided into 31 planes of existence.[web 4] Rebirths in some of the higher heavens, known as the Śuddhāvāsa Worlds or Pure Abodes, can be attained only by skilled Buddhist practitioners known as anāgāmis (non-returners).


Premise: Who wrote Boyz II Men's I'll Make Love to You?

Hypothesis: Boyz II Men's I'll Make Love to You).


Premise: What decided where the bank was to be located?

Hypothesis: While it was designed to accommodate double the number of staff who operate in the former Eurotower, that building has been retained since the ECB took responsibility for banking supervision and more space was hence required.


Premise: How is the cost to create a DBMS distributed?

Hypothesis: A common example is an email system that performs many of the functions of a general-purpose DBMS such as the insertion and deletion of messages composed of various items of data or associating messages with a particular email address; but these functions are limited to what is required to handle email and don't provide the user with all of the functionality that would be available using a general-purpose DBMS.


Premise: What is the Greek goddess that symbolizes copper?

Hypothesis: The phrase was simplified to cuprum, hence the English copper.


Premise: Which country saw the largest Warsaw Pact deployment?

Hypothesis: Both NATO and the Warsaw Pact led to the expansion of military forces and their integration into the respective blocs.


Premise: What war was near the city?

Hypothesis: In the United States Civil War the city was spared from any significant battle, only falling in the closing days of the war, though it did not escape the economic hardships that plagued the rest of the American South during the Reconstruction Era.


Premise: What percent of Japanese troops died on Okinawa?

Hypothesis: Hard-fought battles on the Japanese home islands of Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and others resulted in horrific casualties on both sides but finally produced a Japanese defeat.


Premise: The Sri Lankan Supreme Court's decisions override what?

Hypothesis: In Sri Lanka, the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka was created in 1972 after the adoption of a new Constitution.


Premise: What type of structure is the falekaupule?

Hypothesis: Another important building is the falekaupule or maneapa the traditional island meeting hall, where important matters are discussed and which is also used for wedding celebrations and community activities such as a fatele involving music, singing and dancing.


Premise: How was Charles Brooks, Jr. executed?

Hypothesis: The first use of the gallows after the moratorium was the hanging of Westley Allan Dodd in Washington on January 5, 1993.


Premise: Who is credited with discovering zinc?

Hypothesis: The element was probably named by the alchemist Paracelsus after the German word Zinke (prong, tooth).


Premise: What was the studio that Alfred Hitchcock normally worked for?

Hypothesis: Alfred Hitchcock was also borrowed for two films from Selznick International Pictures: Saboteur (1942) and Shadow of a Doubt (1943).


Premise: In what year did many cities in Montana set heat records?

Hypothesis: The climate has become warmer in Montana and continues to do so.


Premise: The Palace of Westminster originated from what building?

Hypothesis: The hall became the basis of a new Palace of Westminster.


Premise: When the Ottoman empire conquered a region what also became a part of the empire?

Hypothesis: Despite newer added amalgamations, the Ottoman dynasty, like their predecessors in the Sultanate of Rum and the Seljuk Empire, were thoroughly Persianised in their culture, language, habits and customs, and therefore, the empire has been described as a Persianate empire.


Premise: Which President presented the award to Hayek?

Hypothesis: In 1991, US President George H. W. Bush awarded Hayek the Presidential Medal of Freedom, one of the two highest civilian awards in the United States, for a "lifetime of looking beyond the horizon".


Premise: How many people arrived for Chopin's funeral?

Hypothesis: Over 3,000 people arrived without invitations, from as far as London, Berlin and Vienna, and were excluded.


Premise: What bacteria is an exception to single circular chromosome rule?

Hypothesis: Most bacteria have a single circular chromosome that can range in size from only 160,000 base pairs in the endosymbiotic bacteria Candidatus Carsonella ruddii, to 12,200,000 base pairs in the soil-dwelling bacteria Sorangium cellulosum.


Premise: What was the original intended format for CDs?

Hypothesis: From its origins as a musical format, CDs have grown to encompass other applications.


Premise: What is built in Avalon

Hypothesis: What is more certain is that Glastonbury was an important religious centre by 700 and claims to be "the oldest above-ground Christian church in the World" situated "in the mystical land of Avalon.


Premise: The English occupied New York City beginning on what date?

Hypothesis: New York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626.


Premise: Does ease of reading correlate to accuracy in relation to the original text?

Hypothesis: " They also argued that "Readings are approved or rejected by reason of the quality, and not the number, of their supporting witnesses", and that "The reading is to be preferred that most fitly explains the existence of the others."


Premise: What were Jews and Christians living in Muslim lands known as?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, Jews rarely faced martyrdom or exile, or forced compulsion to change their religion, and they were mostly free in their choice of residence and profession.


Premise: Where are the Atlas Mountains located?

Hypothesis: The Atlas Mountains, found in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia also help to enhance the aridity of the northern part of the desert.


Premise: What are logical sub-devices referred to as?

Hypothesis: An alternative to this is compound device, in which the host assigns each logical device a distinctive address and all logical devices connect to a built-in hub that connects to the physical USB cable.


Premise: What had the Kushans conquered much of by the time of Kanishka

Hypothesis: By the time of his grandson, Kanishka, they had conquered most of northern India, at least as far as Saketa and Pataliputra, in the middle Ganges Valley, and probably as far as the Bay of Bengal.


Premise: What percentage of Kathmandu residents are Chettris?

Hypothesis: The largest ethnic groups are Newar (29.6%), Matwali (25.1% Sunuwar, Gurung, Magars, Tamang etc.), Khas Brahmins (20.51%) and Chettris (18.5%) .


Premise: What is the percentage of stoke shift loss in YAG phosphor?

Hypothesis: Losses attributable to internal optical losses due to re-absorption in the LED chip and in the LED packaging itself account typically for another 10% to 30% of efficiency loss.


Premise: When was the Charlottetown Accord signed?

Hypothesis: Examples include the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement in 1988, the debate over the creation of a common defense perimeter, and as a potential consequence of not adopting proposals intended to resolve the issue of Quebec sovereignty, the Charlottetown Accord in 1992 and the Clarity Act in 1999.


Premise: What was Djibouti called in 1958?

Hypothesis: A referendum was held in neighboring Djibouti (then known as French Somaliland) in 1958, on the eve of Somalia's independence in 1960, to decide whether or not to join the Somali Republic or to remain with France.


Premise: What did the French call evolutionism?

Hypothesis: There was an immediate rush to bring it into the social sciences.


Premise: How did Habermas describe the public sphere?

Hypothesis: While the public sphere is generally an integral component of the social study of the Enlightenment, other historians have questioned whether the public sphere had these characteristics.


Premise: What did Adolf Hitler have a lifelong romantic fascination with?

Hypothesis: Austrian-born Adolf Hitler had a lifelong romantic fascination with the Alps and by the 1930s established a home in the Obersalzberg region outside of Berchtesgaden.


Premise: How many Billboard hits did American Idol produce in its first ten years?

Hypothesis: The success of American Idol has been described as "unparalleled in broadcasting history".


Premise: Besides conservation, what is the Environmental Protocol's goal to manage?

Hypothesis: The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (also known as the Environmental Protocol or Madrid Protocol) came into force in 1998, and is the main instrument concerned with conservation and management of biodiversity in Antarctica.


Premise: What did Burke see as proof of the importance of French royalists?

Hypothesis: La Vendée is a proof of this".


Premise: Why are many plants green?

Hypothesis: Chlorophyll absorbs green light poorly because it first arose in organisms living in oceans where purple halobacteria were already exploiting photosynthesis.


Premise: In what year was salt water taffy conceived?

Hypothesis: In 1883, salt water taffy was conceived in Atlantic City by David Bradley.


Premise: Major cities like Jakarta and Johannesburg rank below New Delhi in what key statistic?

Hypothesis: New Delhi with Beijing shares the top position as the most targeted emerging markets retail destination among Asia-Pacific markets.


Premise: Who was the first pope to set foot in the abbey?

Hypothesis: Pope Benedict XVI became the first pope to set foot in the abbey.


Premise: How many gas mask were issued before the war?

Hypothesis: Prior to the outbreak of war, civilians were issued with 50 million respirators (gas masks).


Premise: When was Lancashire established?

Hypothesis: During the mid-8th century, the area was incorporated into the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria, which became a part of England in the 10th century.


Premise: Who did Kerry publicize as a lesbian while discussing gay rights, some time after the debate?

Hypothesis: Bush and Kerry met for the third and final debate at Arizona State University on October 13.


Premise: Where was Leger based around 1912?

Hypothesis: Picasso worked in Montmartre until 1912, while Braque and Gris remained there until after the First World War.


Premise: What part of the residents of Norfolk Island could speak Norfuk as of 2011?

Hypothesis: In 2004 an act of the Norfolk Island Assembly made it a co-official language of the island.


Premise: What was this new phase of neoclassicism?

Hypothesis: A number of British architects in the second half of the century took up the expressive challenge of the Doric from their aristocratic patrons, including Joseph Bonomi and John Soane, but it was to remain the private enthusiasm of connoisseurs up to the first decade of the 19th century.


Premise: Who edited the Polish "National Edition" of Chopin's works?

Hypothesis: Among modern scholarly editions of Chopin's works are the version under the name of Paderewski published between 1937 and 1966 and the more recent Polish "National Edition", edited by Jan Ekier, both of which contain detailed explanations and discussions regarding choices and sources.


Premise: When was Victoria's final child, Beatrice, born?

Hypothesis: In 1853, Victoria gave birth to her eighth child, Leopold, with the aid of the new anaesthetic, chloroform.


Premise: What was previously located at the West Campus of Washington University?

Hypothesis: The West Campus is located about one mile (1.6 km) to the west of the Danforth Campus in Clayton, Missouri, and primarily consists of a four-story former department store building housing mostly administrative space.


Premise: What type of occupation did women commonly take part in?

Hypothesis: Women were exempt from the annual corvée labor duties, but often engaged in a range of income-earning occupations aside from their domestic chores of cooking and cleaning.


Premise: What areas have a higher rate of Christian observance?

Hypothesis: In North America, South America and Australia Christian religious observance is much higher than in Europe.


Premise: What makes up the inside of a multi-layer PCB?

Hypothesis: For example, a four-layer PCB can be fabricated by starting from a two-sided copper-clad laminate, etch the circuitry on both sides, then laminate to the top and bottom pre-preg and copper foil.


Premise: What is the Catholic dogma known as that believes that consecrated bread and wine from the Last Supper literally became the body and blood of Jesus Christ?

Hypothesis: The Catholic Church uses wine in the celebration of the Eucharist because it is part of the tradition passed down through the ages starting with Jesus Christ at the Last Supper, where Catholics believe the consecrated bread and wine literally become the body and blood of Jesus Christ, a dogma known as transubstantiation.


Premise: In what year were Han forces defeated in Baideng?

Hypothesis: In retaliation, the Xiongnu invaded what is now Shanxi province, where they defeated the Han forces at Baideng in 200 BC.


Premise: What treaty tries to set standards for worker safety and rights?

Hypothesis: Globalization is often quoted as the single most contributing factor to the poor working conditions of garment workers.


Premise: Who slew an envoy of Khagan Bayan I?

Hypothesis: Menander Protector mentions a Daurentius (577–579) that slew an Avar envoy of Khagan Bayan I.


Premise: Who is this small group named for ?

Hypothesis: The name Hellenes seems to be older and it was probably used by the Greeks with the establishment of the Great Amphictyonic League.


Premise: What is the legal term for the precedence established by multiple court rulings?

Hypothesis: In civil law jurisdictions the doctrine of stare decisis is not generally considered to apply, so the decisions of the supreme court are not necessarily binding beyond the immediate case before it; however, in practice the decisions of the supreme court usually provide a very strong precedent, or jurisprudence constante, for both itself and all lower courts.


Premise: During what era did newsstand distribution begin to tail off markedly for Marvel?

Hypothesis: In the mid-1970s a decline of the newsstand distribution network affected Marvel.


Premise: What was Tucson's wettest year?

Hypothesis: At the University of Arizona, where records have been kept since 1894, the record maximum temperature was 115 °


Premise: Where was The Use of Knowledge in Society published?

Hypothesis: In 2011, his article The Use of Knowledge in Society was selected as one of the top 20 articles published in the American Economic Review during its first 100 years.


Premise: What variables do locally compact groups share that can be studied by harmonic analysis?

Hypothesis: All of these groups are locally compact, so they have Haar measures and can be studied via harmonic analysis.


Premise: The Neo-Eriksonian identity status paradigm focuses on what twin concepts?

Hypothesis: This paradigm focuses upon the twin concepts of exploration and commitment.


Premise: Members of what species populated parts of Africa in a relatively short time?

Hypothesis: However, this is not the first species of homininae: the first species of genus Homo, Homo habilis, are theorized to have evolved in East Africa at least 2 million years ago, and members of this species populated different parts of Africa in a relatively short time.


Premise: What is the most important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms?

Hypothesis: There are other forms of prevention such as avoiding the use of illicit drugs, using a condom, and having a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet and regular exercise.


Premise: What did the Swingle Singers primarily use to emulate musical instruments?

Hypothesis: The advent of vocal percussion added new dimensions to the a cappella genre and has become very prevalent in modern arrangements.


Premise: What Valencian museum has a photography collection?

Hypothesis: The Institut Valencià d'Art Modern (Valencian Institute of Modern Art) houses both permanent collections and temporary exhibitions of contemporary art and photography.


Premise: What is the name of the first North American torchbearer?

Hypothesis: San Francisco Board of Supervisors President Aaron Peskin, a critic of Mayor Gavin Newsom, said that it was a "cynical plan to please the Bush State Department and the Chinese government because of the incredible influence of money.


Premise: What do many Ashkenazi Jews study outside of the Yeshiva framework?

Hypothesis: New developments in Judaism often transcend differences in religious practice between Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews.


Premise: Who coined the word genome?

Hypothesis: The term was created in 1920 by Hans Winkler, professor of botany at the University of Hamburg, Germany.


Premise: Which major opera singers were born in Cork?

Hypothesis: The opera singers Cara O'Sullivan, Mary Hegarty, Brendan Collins, and Sam McElroy are also Cork born.


Premise: Part of the rail trail is also accessible by what form of transportation?

Hypothesis: The trail is part of the East Coast Greenway, a proposed 3,000-mile (4,800 km) bike path that would link every major city on the East Coast from Florida to Maine.


Premise: Where do the officially published membership statistics come from?

Hypothesis: As a result, only about half of those who self-identified as Jehovah's Witnesses in independent demographic studies are considered active by the faith itself.


Premise: Who wrote the book humanism?

Hypothesis: In his book, Humanism (1997), Tony Davies calls these critics "humanist anti-humanists".


Premise: The Redstone Arsenal became the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center when?

Hypothesis: On October 21, 1959, Eisenhower approved the transfer of the Army's remaining space-related activities to NASA.


Premise: What anaesthetic helped her give birth to her eighth child?

Hypothesis: In 1853, Victoria gave birth to her eighth child, Leopold, with the aid of the new anaesthetic, chloroform.


Premise: During what decade did hip-hop begin to be featured on the radio?

Hypothesis: Not many disco or new wave songs were particularly successful on the AC chart during the late 1970s and early 1980s, and much of the hip-hop and harder rock music featured on CHR formats later in the decade would have been unacceptable on AC radio.


Premise: About how long ago did modern human beings first come into existence?

Hypothesis: This suggests that everything that separates us from chimpanzees must be encoded in that very small amount of DNA, including our behaviors.


Premise: At which location is the London Center operated by Notre Dame found?

Hypothesis: The university has had a presence in London, England, since 1968.


Premise: What organization said Oklahoma's centennial was the top event in the US that year?

Hypothesis: Annual ethnic festivals and events take place throughout the state such as Native American powwows and ceremonial events, and include festivals (as examples) in Scottish, Irish, German, Italian, Vietnamese, Chinese, Czech, Jewish, Arab, Mexican and African-American communities depicting cultural heritage or traditions.


Premise: Which battleship was still capable of combat when Kurita returned to Japan?

Hypothesis: Nishimura's sunken Yamashiro was the last battleship in history to engage another in combat.


Premise: What makes up part of the SQA?

Hypothesis: Software testing is a part of the software quality assurance (SQA) process.:347


Premise: What type of life is more enviromentally diverse than multicellular life?

Hypothesis: For example, microbial life is metabolically and environmentally more diverse than multicellular life (see e.g., extremophile).


Premise: What is the acronym for India's Research and Analysis Wing?

Hypothesis: The role and functions of the CIA are roughly equivalent to those of the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (the SIS or MI6), the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS), the Egyptian General Intelligence Service, the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (Sluzhba Vneshney Razvedki) (SVR), the Indian Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), the French foreign intelligence service Direction Générale de la Sécurité Extérieure (DGSE) and Israel's Mossad.


Premise: What occurs when a player in association football is shown a red penalty card?

Hypothesis: Other teams that prominently feature red on their kits include A.C. Milan (nicknamed i rossoneri for their red and black shirts), AFC Ajax, Olympiacos, River Plate, Atlético Madrid, and Flamengo.


Premise: Who coined the term "the Age of Academies" to describe the 18th century?

Hypothesis: Scientific academies and societies grew out of the Scientific Revolution as the creators of scientific knowledge in contrast to the scholasticism of the university.


Premise: What was the new head of the FBI's top priority?

Hypothesis: Within months after the attacks, FBI Director Robert Mueller, who had been sworn in a week before the attacks, called for a re-engineering of FBI structure and operations.


Premise: What role did Thailand play in the war?

Hypothesis: The Phayap Army sent troops to invade and occupy northeastern Burma, which was former Thai territory that had been annexed by Britain much earlier.


Premise: When was the Abizu Campos operation made public?

Hypothesis: The FBI operation was covert and did not become known until U.S. Congressman Luis Gutierrez had it made public via the Freedom of Information Act in the 1980s.


Premise: How many miles long is NH-7?

Hypothesis: Hyderabad sits at the junction of three National Highways linking it to six other states: NH-7 runs 2,369 km (1,472 mi) from Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, in the north to Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, in the south; NH-9, runs 841 km (523 mi) east-west between Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, and Pune, Maharashtra; and the 280 km (174 mi) NH-163 links Hyderabad to Bhopalpatnam, Chhattisgarh NH-765 links Hyderabad to Srisailam.


Premise: The Sénat conservateur became hostile to Napoleon due to whose efforts?

Hypothesis: Long docile to Napoleon, under Talleyrand's prodding it had turned against him.


Premise: When did von NEumann develop first self reproducing computer program?

Hypothesis: Beginning in 1949, von Neumann's design for a self-reproducing computer program is considered the world's first computer virus, and he is considered to be the theoretical father of computer virology.


Premise: What is a sequence of MP3 frames called?

Hypothesis: This sequence of frames is called an elementary stream.


Premise: Quranic verses concerning which phenomena are thought by Muslims to authenticate its contents?

Hypothesis: Verses pertaining to natural phenomena have been interpreted by Muslims as an indication of the authenticity of the Quranic message.


Premise: How many different languages are spoken in London?

Hypothesis: London's urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants according to the 2011 census.


Premise: What company annexed large areas of India in the 18th and 19th centuries?

Hypothesis: The subcontinent gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, after the British provinces were partitioned into the dominions of India and Pakistan and the princely states all acceded to one of the new states.


Premise: Who recognized the men's basketball team as the 1931 National Champion?

Hypothesis: Northwestern fields 19 intercollegiate athletic teams (8 men's and 11 women's) in addition to numerous club sports.


Premise: What does VWN stand for?

Hypothesis: The Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Transporter (VWN) factory at Hannover-Stöcken is the biggest employer in the region and operates a huge plant at the northern edge of town adjoining the Mittellandkanal and Motorway A2.


Premise: What was Pope Paul VI's first name at birth?

Hypothesis: Pope Paul VI (Latin: Paulus VI; Italian: Paolo VI), born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini (Italian pronunciation: [dʒioˈvani baˈtista enˈriko anˈtonjo marˈija monˈtini]; 26 September 1897 – 6 August 1978), reigned as Pope from 21 June 1963 to his death in 1978.


Premise: When does Carnival typically begin in the Netherlands?

Hypothesis: However, the Philippines, a predominantly Roman Catholic country, does not celebrate Carnival anymore since the dissolution of the Manila Carnival after 1939, the last carnival in the country.


Premise: in this paragraph the Spanish Armada suffered a defeat in what year?

Hypothesis: The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian expeditions.


Premise: What is the name of the second highest level of college football?

Hypothesis: Harvard participates in the second-highest level, the Football Championship Subdivision.


Premise: Who granted Cork's charter?

Hypothesis: The present extent of the city has exceeded the medieval boundaries of the Barony of Cork City; it now takes in much of the neighbouring Barony of Cork.


Premise: When was the science park programme abandoned?

Hypothesis: In December 2005, Imperial announced a science park programme at the Wye campus, with extensive housing; however, this was abandoned in September 2006 following complaints that the proposal infringed on Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and that the true scale of the scheme, which could have raised £110m for the College, was known to Kent and Ashford Councils and their consultants but concealed from the public.


Premise: The RSFSR contains how many oblasts?

Hypothesis: commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state in 1917–22, the largest, most populous, and most economically developed republic of the Soviet Union in 1922–91 and a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation in 1990–91.


Premise: What did the Garamantes do in order to bring water to   their crops?

Hypothesis: The Garamantes civilization eventually collapsed after they had depleted available water in the aquifers and could no longer sustain the effort to extend the tunnels further into the mountains.


Premise: In what month is the MLB All-Star Game held?

Hypothesis: The annual MLB All-Star Game, played in July between players from AL teams and players from NL teams, was long considered an exhibition match, but as of 2003 this status was questioned because the league whose team wins the All-Star game has been awarded home field advantage for the upcoming World Series.


Premise: When did non-avian dinosaurs become extinct?

Hypothesis: The modern mammalian orders arose in the Paleogene and Neogene periods of the Cenozoic era, after the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs 66 million years ago.


Premise: What nation founded New Amsterdam?

Hypothesis: New York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626.


Premise: who is the North American Environmental Atlas made by?

Hypothesis: The North American Environmental Atlas, produced by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation, a NAFTA agency composed of the geographical agencies of the Mexican, American, and Canadian governments uses the "Great Plains" as an ecoregion synonymous with predominant prairies and grasslands rather than as physiographic region defined by topography.


Premise: What was the German-Soviet dividing line in regards to annexing Poland?

Hypothesis: That night, Stalin replied that the Soviets were willing to sign the pact and that he would receive Ribbentrop on 23 August.


Premise: Where did some of the US Air Force traditions come from?

Hypothesis: Many of the U.S. Air Force's formal and informal traditions are an amalgamation of those taken from the Royal Air Force (e.g., dining-ins/mess nights) or the experiences of its predecessor organizations such as the U.S. Army Air Service, U.S. Army Air Corps and the U.S. Army Air Forces.


Premise: In what year did The Teutonic Order lose Eastern Prussia?

Hypothesis: The Teutonic Order lost eastern Prussia when Grand Master Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach converted to Lutheranism and secularized the Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order in 1525.


Premise: What day did he die?

Hypothesis: John XXIII died of peritonitis caused by a perforated stomach at 19:49 local time on 3 June 1963 at the age of 81, ending a historic pontificate of four years and seven months.


Premise: What can be applied to daily life once it is attained?

Hypothesis: Once the conceptual understanding is attained, it is applied to daily life so that each Buddhist can verify the truth of the Buddha's teaching at a practical level.


Premise: In what year did the First Crusade take Jerusalem?

Hypothesis: One feature of the crusades was the pogroms against local Jews that often took place as the crusaders left their countries for the East.


Premise: What was Sanskrit used for?

Hypothesis: During this time, the prestige of the language, its use for sacred purposes, and the importance attached to its correct enunciation all served as powerful conservative forces resisting the normal processes of linguistic change.


Premise: How many hectares does the island have in total?

Hypothesis: Although the climate is essentially arid, the rainfall does average 1000 mm annually, but with considerable variation over the terrain.


Premise: Where is Houston located?

Hypothesis: Houston (i/ˈhjuːstən/ HYOO-stən) is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth most populous city in the United States, located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico.


Premise: How did the Commission vote turn out

Hypothesis: On 8 October 2014 it was announced that the European Commission has approved the project, with an overwhelming majority and only four commissioners voting against the decision.


Premise: How many senior officers were expelled fro the army in 1975?

Hypothesis: In September 1975, Gaddafi purged the army, arresting around 200 senior officers, and in October he founded the clandestine Office for the Security of the Revolution.


Premise: What is another name for Ninth Avenue?

Hypothesis: East of Amsterdam, Seminary Row bends south along Morningside Park and is resigned as Morningside Drive (Ninth Avenue).


Premise: Where in Tennessee did the temperature reach -36 degrees Celsius in December of 1917?

Hypothesis: Summers in the state are generally hot and humid, with most of the state averaging a high of around 90 °F (32 °C) during the summer months.


Premise: What were Religious officials perceived as in the Pre-Modern era?

Hypothesis: Religious officials, who often held positions of power, were the spiritual intermediaries to the common person.


Premise: What does Slovak have slightly more of than Czech?

Hypothesis: Slovak has slightly more borrowed words than Czech.


Premise: Hans Denck was considered what type of reformer?

Hypothesis: The early members of this movement did not accept the name Anabaptist, claiming that since infant baptism was unscriptural and null and void, the baptizing of believers was not a re-baptism but in fact their first real baptism.


Premise: What does IBM stand for?

Hypothesis: Securities analysts nicknamed the company Big Blue for its size and common use of the color in products, packaging and its logo.


Premise: Where can passengers purchase tickets?

Hypothesis: The waiting areas which provide passenger access to aircraft are typically called concourses, although this term is often used interchangeably with terminal.


Premise: In what era were many works designed for basso continuo accompaniment?

Hypothesis: As well, in the Baroque era, many works that were designed for basso continuo accompaniment do not specify which instruments should play the accompaniment or exactly how the chordal instrument (harpsichord, lute, etc.) should play the chords, which are not notated in the part (only a figured bass symbol beneath the bass part is used to guide the chord-playing performer).


Premise: According to Einsteins two relativity theories, the concept of time depends on what?

Hypothesis: Time has historically been closely related with space, the two together merging into spacetime in Einstein's special relativity and general relativity.


Premise: What is educational psychology concerned with?

Hypothesis: Educational psychology is concerned with the processes of educational attainment in the general population and in sub-populations such as gifted children and those with specific disabilities.


Premise: Who founded Arnold, Constable?

Hypothesis: Arnold, Constable was the first American department store.


Premise: What Rod Stewart song in 1971 featured the mandolin?

Hypothesis: Styx released the song Boat on the River in 1980, which featured Tommy Shaw on vocals and mandolin.


Premise: What was the first manufactured fiber?

Hypothesis: Some garments were created from fabrics based on these fibers, such as women's hosiery from nylon, but it was not until the introduction of polyester into the fiber marketplace in the early 1950s that the market for cotton came under threat.


Premise: When did Julius Caesar overcome the Helvetii?

Hypothesis: The Rhaetians continued to resist but were eventually conquered when the Romans turned northward to the Danube valley in Austria and defeated the Brigantes.


Premise: Who discovered M. tuberculosis?

Hypothesis: Koch did not believe the bovine (cattle) and human tuberculosis diseases were similar, which delayed the recognition of infected milk as a source of infection.


Premise: The kidnapping of the Duke of Enghien violated the sovereignty of what locale?

Hypothesis: Enghien's execution infuriated royal courts throughout Europe, become one of the contributing political factors for the outbreak of the Napoleonic Wars.


Premise: What became the norm for the mobile bands?

Hypothesis: The majority of population groups at this time were still highly mobile hunter-gatherers; but now individual groups started to focus on resources available to them locally, thus with the passage of time there is a pattern of increasing regional generalization like, the Southwest, Arctic, Poverty, Dalton and Plano traditions.


Premise: In what war was France defeated by Prussia?

Hypothesis: The Treaty of Paris stood until 1871, when France was defeated by Prussia in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871.


Premise: Who wrote 'Lectures on Pragmatism'?

Hypothesis: First among these he listed the peripatetic-thomist observation mentioned above, but he further observed that this link between sensory perception and intellectual conception is a two-way street.


Premise: An insects abdomen has a sclerotized tergum and what else?

Hypothesis: The abdomen is the largest tagma of the insect, which typically consists of 11–12 segments and is less strongly sclerotized than the head or thorax.


Premise: Who was rumored to have written the book instead of Lee?

Hypothesis: In 2006, a Capote letter was donated to Monroeville's literary heritage museum; in a letter to a neighbor in Monroeville in 1959, Capote mentioned that Lee was writing a book that was to be published soon.


Premise: What group disliked the traditional war-like sports of Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: A traditional sport played in Tuvalu is kilikiti, which is similar to cricket.


Premise: What did traditional Native American music center around?

Hypothesis: Traditional Native American music often centers around drumming.


Premise: Any amendment in the Canadian constitution that needs to be modified, needs to do what first?

Hypothesis: In Australia, if a proposed amendment will specifically impact one or more states, then it must be endorsed in the referendum held in each of those states.


Premise: What handles most of the water conduction in hardwoods?

Hypothesis: The water conducting capability is mostly taken care of by vessels: in some cases (oak, chestnut, ash) these are quite large and distinct, in others (buckeye, poplar, willow) too small to be seen without a hand lens.


Premise: What is another term for Hegel's "subject"?

Hypothesis: For Hegel there must be some identity of thought and being for the "subject" (any human observer)) to be able to know any observed "object" (any external entity, possibly even another human) at all.


Premise: Who is the chief executive of IBM?

Hypothesis: It also committed to a $1.2bn plus expansion of its data center and cloud-storage business, including the development of 15 new data centers.


Premise: What caused the wide sex ratio gap in Thuringia?

Hypothesis: The Thuringian population has a significant sex ratio gap, caused by the emigration of young women, especially in rural areas.


Premise: Who is Frank Shuman?

Hypothesis: He, along with his technical advisor A.S.E. Ackermann and British physicist Sir Charles Vernon Boys, developed an improved system using mirrors to reflect solar energy upon collector boxes, increasing heating capacity to the extent that water could now be used instead of ether.


Premise: What is the focus of the guna for negativeness and destruction?

Hypothesis: Guna, it states, are of three types: Sattva being good, compassionate, illuminating, positive, and constructive; Rajas guna is one of activity, chaotic, passion, impulsive, potentially good or bad; and Tamas being the quality of darkness, ignorance, destructive, lethargic, negative.


Premise: What results in lengthy prison sentences as well as subsequent probation, large fines, and orders to pay restitution directly to victims?

Hypothesis: These may result in fines and sometimes the loss of one's driver's license, but no jail time.


Premise: Credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and CDOS are all types of what?

Hypothesis: " Essentially, investment banks and hedge funds used financial innovation to enable large wagers to be made, far beyond the actual value of the underlying mortgage loans, using derivatives called credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs.


Premise: When did Roosevelt sign the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act?

Hypothesis: In addition to waterfowl, it is estimated that one third of the nation's endangered species seek food and shelter in areas protected using Duck Stamp funds.[citation needed]


Premise: What part of the government was editing its own wikipedia page?

Hypothesis: Griffith was motivated by the edits from the United States Congress, and wanted to see if others were similarly promoting themselves.


Premise: Who was the only Republican Mayor candidate to win the Bronx since 1914?

Hypothesis: The anti-war Socialist campaign of Morris Hillquit in the 1917 mayoral election won over 31% of the Bronx's vote, putting him second and well ahead of the 20% won by the incumbent pro-war Fusion Mayor John P. Mitchel, who came in second (ahead of Hillquit) everywhere else and outpolled Hillquit city-wide by 23.2% to 21.7%.


Premise: What was McPhee's first single?

Hypothesis: Do I Make You Proud" was released as Hicks' first single and McPhee's


Premise: How many World Heritage Sites can be found in London?

Hypothesis: London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory, Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT).


Premise: What kind of companies have had a more important role in drug development?

Hypothesis: Because of the very long time needed for discovery, development, and approval of pharmaceuticals, these costs can accumulate to nearly half the total expense.


Premise: What letter represents the extinction Coefficient?

Hypothesis: By measuring the reflectance of light from the surface of a semiconductor wafer, the index of refraction (n) and the extinction Coefficient (k) can be determined via the Forouhi-Bloomer dispersion equations.


Premise: Vocal music in the Renaissance is noted for an increasingly elaborate what?

Hypothesis: Vocal music in the Renaissance is noted for the flourishing of an increasingly elaborate polyphonic style.


Premise: What was the three Han Bannermen position called?

Hypothesis: governed southern China autonomously as viceroys for the Qing after their conquests.


Premise: What country did Richelieu serve as prime minister for?

Hypothesis: Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers.


Premise: Where can the future of projectile based weapons possibly be found?

Hypothesis: Currently tests are underway on developing systems that could create as much damage as a Tomahawk (missile), but at a fraction of the cost.


Premise: What is the name of the only medical center on Norfolk Island?

Hypothesis: Norfolk Island Hospital is the only medical centre on the island.


Premise: The steppe is important agriculturally because of what feature?

Hypothesis: The steppe zone is the most populated area of the state.


Premise: What did the European colonization forever change?

Hypothesis: The European colonization of the Americas forever changed the lives and cultures of the peoples of the continents.


Premise: What did logical empiricism try to combine with mathematical logic?

Hypothesis: Some of the key figures in this movement were Otto Neurath, Moritz Schlick and the rest of the Vienna Circle, along with A.J. Ayer, Rudolf Carnap and Hans Reichenbach.


Premise: When were the last of the six great north faces of the Alps climbed?

Hypothesis: Edward Whymper reached the top of the Matterhorn in 1865 (after seven attempts), and in 1938 the last of the six great north faces of the Alps was climbed with the first ascent of the Eiger Nordwand (north face of the Eiger).


Premise: What was again revised in May of 2010?

Hypothesis: A German derivatives dealer had commented to Der Spiegel that "The Maastricht rules can be circumvented quite legally through swaps," and "In previous years, Italy used a similar trick to mask its true debt with the help of a different US bank.


Premise: What are objective social constructions?

Hypothesis: They conclude that while racial groups are characterized by different allele frequencies, this does not mean that racial classification is a natural taxonomy of the human species, because multiple other genetic patterns can be found in human populations that crosscut racial distinctions.


Premise: What light bulbs use lamp filaments containing uranium?

Hypothesis: Uranium was also used in photographic chemicals (especially uranium nitrate as a toner), in lamp filaments for stage lighting bulbs, to improve the appearance of dentures, and in the leather and wood industries for stains and dyes.


Premise: The Adventist movement has encouraged examining what in full?

Hypothesis: Although the Adventist churches hold much in common, their theologies differ on whether the intermediate state is unconscious sleep or consciousness, whether the ultimate punishment of the wicked is annihilation or eternal torment, the nature of immortality, whether or not the wicked are resurrected after the millennium, and whether the sanctuary of Daniel 8 refers to the one in heaven or one on earth.


Premise: Who choreographed a ballet which included Chopin's work?

Hypothesis: Chopin's music was used in the 1909 ballet Chopiniana, choreographed by Michel Fokine and orchestrated by Alexander Glazunov.


Premise: Dogs exhibit carnivore as well as what other type of dietary behavior?

Hypothesis: Despite their descent from wolves and classification as Carnivora, dogs are variously described in scholarly and other writings as carnivores or omnivores.


Premise: Which direction does the M6 motorway run?

Hypothesis: The Lancashire economy relies strongly on the M6 motorway which runs from north to south, past Lancaster and Preston.


Premise: To what two islands does the ferry service connect?

Hypothesis: Washington State Ferries, which manages the largest network of ferries in the United States and third largest in the world, connects Seattle to Bainbridge and Vashon Islands in Puget Sound and to Bremerton and Southworth on the Kitsap Peninsula.


Premise: What department initiated the emergency contingency plan?

Hypothesis: The National Disaster Relief Commission initiated a "Level II emergency contingency plan", which covers the most serious class of natural disasters.


Premise: It was understood that ammunition needed to explode where?

Hypothesis: The first issue was ammunition.


Premise: Who policed mortgage originators and maintained relatively high standards prior to 2003?

Hypothesis: During a period of tough competition between mortgage lenders for revenue and market share, and when the supply of creditworthy borrowers was limited, mortgage lenders relaxed underwriting standards and originated riskier mortgages to less creditworthy borrowers.


Premise: What is the public high school system called in Mexico City?

Hypothesis: Unlike those of Mexican states' schools, curricula of Mexico City's public schools is managed by the federal Secretary of Public Education.


Premise: When did the US start bombing Hanoi?

Hypothesis: The bombing campaigns of the Air Force were tightly controlled by the White House for political reasons, and until 1972 avoided the main Northern cities of Hanoi and Haiphong and concentrated on bombing jungle supply trails, especially the Ho Chi Minh Trail.


Premise: What refused to appoint a slaveholder as a missionary?

Hypothesis: As tensions increased, in 1844 the Home Mission Society refused to appoint a slaveholder as a missionary who had been proposed by Georgia.


Premise: What music followed ancient Egyptian art music?

Hypothesis: This was followed by early Christian liturgical music, which itself dates back to the Ancient Greeks[citation needed].


Premise: With Madonna's new video, Like A Prayer, the blasphemy that she portrayed in the video led to what consequences?

Hypothesis: Pepsi revoked the commercial and canceled her sponsorship contract.


Premise: What technology did IBM use for its 2003 internet-based discussion?

Hypothesis: Using its Jam technology, it hosted a three-day Internet-based online discussion of key business issues with 50,000 employees.


Premise: What is another name for the race to the Dan?

Hypothesis: As the British Army moved north from victories in Charleston and Camden, South Carolina, the Southern Division of the Continental Army and local militia prepared to meet them.


Premise: About how many South Africans speak Afrikaans as their primary language?

Hypothesis: In 1996, 40 percent of South Africans reported to know Afrikaans at least at a very basic level of communication.


Premise: How were taxes charged during the Tukugawa period?

Hypothesis: Taxes on the peasantry were set at fixed amounts which did not account for inflation or other changes in monetary value.


Premise: From whom did the Scythians of Central Asia discover Hellenistic culture?

Hypothesis: Other Scythians on the steppes of Central Asia came into contact with Hellenistic culture through the Greeks of Bactria.


Premise: From what language is North Germanic derived?

Hypothesis: This point of view sees the modern Romance languages as dialects of Latin, modern Greek as a dialect of Ancient Greek, Tok Pisin as a dialect of English, and North Germanic as dialects of Old Norse.


Premise: When was Jinrong a police chief in this area?

Hypothesis: An illustrative example of official involvement in organized crime can be found from 1920s and 1930s Shanghai, where Huang Jinrong was a police chief in the French concession, while simultaneously being a gang boss and co-operating with Du Yuesheng, the local gang ringleader.


Premise: What is Strasbourg known as?

Hypothesis: Strasbourg, well known as centre of humanism, has a long history of excellence in higher-education, at the crossroads of French and German intellectual traditions.


Premise: Whose ideas did Sextus build on?

Hypothesis: The doxographer Aetius summarizes this view as "When a man is born, the Stoics say, he has the commanding part of his soul like a sheet of paper ready for writing upon."


Premise: What is the name of the capital city of Myanmar?

Hypothesis: my-AN-mar (also with the stress on first syllable); Burmese pronunciation: [mjəmà]),[nb 1] officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia bordered by Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand.


Premise: What still uses the external digestion system?

Hypothesis: External digestion developed earlier in evolutionary history, and most fungi still rely on it.


Premise: What types of groups are NARA's holdings classified into?

Hypothesis: NARA's holdings are classed into "record groups" reflecting the governmental department or agency from which they originated.


Premise: How fast was the slowest data transfer rate of the USB 1.0?

Hypothesis: The original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s "Low Speed" and 12 Mbit/s "Full Speed".


Premise: How many people were injured in the May 25 aftershock?

Hypothesis: On May 27, two aftershocks, one 5.2 Mw in Qingchuan County and one 5.7 Mw in Ningqiang County, Shaanxi, led to the collapse of more than 420,000 homes and injured 63 people.


Premise: What type of wood is preferred as fuel?

Hypothesis: Hardwood is preferred over softwood because it creates less smoke and burns longer.


Premise: In what year did Jedlik begin experimenting with electromagnetism?

Hypothesis: After Jedlik solved the technical problems of the continuous rotation with the invention of the commutator, he called his early devices "electromagnetic self-rotors".


Premise: In what region of the Deccan Plateau is Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: It lies on the banks of the Musi River, in the northern part of the Deccan Plateau.


Premise: Is street art legal

Hypothesis: The Centraal Museum has many exhibitions on the arts, including a permanent exhibition on the works of Utrecht resident illustrator Dick Bruna, who is best known for creating Miffy ("Nijntje", in Dutch).


Premise: Where was the BBC's transmitter located in 1930?

Hypothesis: Mechanically scanned, 30-line television broadcasts by John Logie Baird began in 1929, using the BBC transmitter in London, and by 1930 a regular schedule of programmes was transmitted from the BBC antenna in Brookmans Park.


Premise: What is a third level of crime that some states have adopted?

Hypothesis: To simplify the prosecution of traffic violations and other relatively minor crimes, some states have added a third level, infractions.


Premise: What makes pure metals impure metals?

Hypothesis: Conversely, otherwise pure-metals that simply contain unwanted impurities are often called "impure metals" and are not usually referred to as alloys.


Premise: What did Sarah Forsyth provide as evidence to her unfair termination and job duties?

Hypothesis: As evidence, Forsyth provided secretly recorded conversations with both Prince Harry and her Head of Department, Ian Burke.


Premise: What is a vertical column of liquid in a tube which has different pressures at each end called?

Hypothesis: The column will rise or fall until its weight is in equilibrium with the pressure differential between the two ends of the tube.


Premise: What was being celebrated in the Catholic calendar when the Eccelsiam suam was given in 1964?

Hypothesis: Ecclesiam suam was given at St. Peter's, Rome, on the Feast of the Transfiguration, 6 August 1964, the second year of his Pontificate.


Premise: Dogs can digest meat as well as what else?

Hypothesis: Dogs will healthily digest a variety of foods, including vegetables and grains, and can consume a large proportion of these in their diet.


Premise: What is the only state to not enact reception statutes?

Hypothesis: First, all U.S. states except Louisiana have enacted "reception statutes" which generally state that the common law of England (particularly judge-made law) is the law of the state to the extent that it is not repugnant to domestic law or indigenous conditions.


Premise: When is the Tucson Festival of Books held?

Hypothesis: By 2010 it had become the fourth largest book festival in the United States, with 450 authors and 80,000 attendees.


Premise: How many electoral votes does Guam currently have?

Hypothesis: However, in sending delegates to the Republican and Democratic national conventions, Guam does have influence in the national presidential race.


Premise: What happened regarding DST in 2007 in the United States that probably led to the DOE investigation?

Hypothesis: Several studies have suggested that DST increases motor fuel consumption.


Premise: What was society based on during the Tukugawa period?

Hypothesis: Society in the Japanese "Tokugawa period" (Edo society), unlike the shogunates before it, was based on the strict class hierarchy originally established by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.


Premise: What subgroup of phytochemicals helps make up the majority of the body's antioxidants?

Hypothesis: Phytochemicals (Section Below) and their subgroup, polyphenols, make up the majority of antioxidants; about 4,000 are known.


Premise: Who wrote the Jazz oldie "(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66"?

Hypothesis: Oklahoma City was a major stop on Route 66 during the early part of the 20th century; it was prominently mentioned in Bobby Troup's 1946 jazz classic, "(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66", later made famous by artist Nat King Cole.


Premise: Avoiding drugs and using condoms are other forms of what?

Hypothesis: There are other forms of prevention such as avoiding the use of illicit drugs, using a condom, and having a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet and regular exercise.


Premise: Who conducted a study on comprehensive schools?

Hypothesis: According to a study done by Helmut Fend (who had always been a fierce proponent of comprehensive schools) revealed that comprehensive schools do not help working class students.


Premise: How did Frederick protect East Prussia when he went to invade Saxony?

Hypothesis: Accordingly, leaving Field Marshal Count Kurt von Schwerin in Silesia with 25,000 soldiers to guard against incursions from Moravia or Hungary, and leaving Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt in East Prussia to guard against Russian invasion from the east, Frederick set off with his army for Saxony.


Premise: What common complex is formed by the UO2+ 2 ion with organic chelating agents?

Hypothesis: A few solid and semi-metallic compounds such as UO and US exist for the formal oxidation state uranium(II), but no simple ions are known to exist in solution for that state.


Premise: What was the name of the firm commissioned to build The Traymore Hotel?

Hypothesis: By 1914, the hotel's owner, Daniel White, taking a hint from the Marlborough-Blenheim, commissioned the firm of Price and McLanahan to build an even bigger hotel.


Premise: What year was "Ray of Light" released?

Hypothesis: American music critic Ann Powers explained that what Madonna searched for with Orbit "was a kind of a lushness that she wanted for this record.


Premise: Who was providing supplies to the Vietnamese communists fighting against France?

Hypothesis: General John W. "Iron Mike" O'Daniel to Vietnam to study and assess the French forces there.


Premise: When did the investigation of the signals transmitted by Compass -M1 begin?

Hypothesis: The investigation of the transmitted signals started immediately after the launch of Compass -M1 on 14 April 2007.


Premise: In addition to Jews, what other religious community comprises a large share of the non-Catholic population of New Haven?

Hypothesis: There are churches for all major branches of Christianity within the city, multiple store-front churches, ministries (especially in working-class Latino and Black neighborhoods), a mosque, many synagogues (including two yeshivas), and other places of worship; the level of religious diversity in the city is high.


Premise: What were dogs in this era most likely to be considered?

Hypothesis: Domesticated animals that were also eaten included chickens, Mandarin ducks, geese, cows, sheep, pigs, camels and dogs (various types were bred specifically for food, while most were used as pets).


Premise: What did the Muslim Brotherhood want to happen to Nasser?

Hypothesis: Later that day, hundreds of thousands of protesters, mainly belonging to the Brotherhood, called for Naguib's return and Nasser's imprisonment.


Premise: London is directly connected to continental Europe through what rail service?

Hypothesis: Some international railway services to Continental Europe were operated during the 20th century as boat trains, such as the Admiraal de Ruijter to Amsterdam and the Night Ferry to Paris and Brussels.


Premise: How did the 2010 Global Green Economy Index rank Switzerland?

Hypothesis: Switzerland has one of the best environmental records among nations in the developed world; it was one of the countries to sign the Kyoto Protocol in 1998 and ratified it in 2003.


Premise: Queen's final tour with Freddie Mercury was in what year?

Hypothesis: The show sold out within two hours and over 120,000 fans packed the park for what was Queen's final live performance with Mercury.


Premise: Near what region was Balta bording?

Hypothesis: By the late 18th century, a number of defeats in several wars with Russia led some people in the Ottoman Empire to conclude that the reforms of Peter the Great had given the Russians an edge, and the Ottomans would have to keep up with Western technology in order to avoid further defeats.


Premise: What book was 'Munich' based on?

Hypothesis: Spielberg's film Munich, about the events following the 1972 Munich Massacre of Israeli athletes at the Olympic Games, was his second film essaying Jewish relations in the world (the first being Schindler's List).


Premise: Which two countries did the King and Queen tour in 1939?

Hypothesis: In May and June 1939, the King and Queen toured Canada and the United States.


Premise: How long does the record company have the right of first refusal for contestants on American Idol?

Hypothesis: UMG (season 10–) had the right of first refusal to sign contestants for three months after the season's finale.


Premise: What year was Dell's Tennessee facility opened?

Hypothesis: Most of the work that used to take place in Dell's U.S. plants was transferred to contract manufacturers in Asia and Mexico, or some of Dell's own factories overseas.


Premise: Which America's Cup competitions did Valencia host?

Hypothesis: In addition to these Valencia has hosted world-class events that helped shape the city's reputation and put it in the international spotlight, e.g., the Regional Exhibition of 1909, the 32nd and the 33rd America's Cup competitions, the European Grand Prix of Formula One auto racing, the Valencia Open 500 tennis tournament, and the Global Champions Tour of equestrian sports.


Premise: In what century did the latin vulgate bible use the term coccumque bis tinctum?

Hypothesis: Coccus, from the ancient Greek Kokkos, means a tiny grain and is the term that was used in ancient times for the Kermes vermilio insect used to make the Kermes dye.


Premise: How common was divorce for samurai?

Hypothesis: After a divorce samurai had to return the betrothal money, which often prevented divorces.


Premise: Where is Glatz

Hypothesis: The end of that year saw Frederick once more victorious, defeating the able Daun in the Battle of Torgau; but he suffered very heavy casualties, and the Austrians retreated in good order.


Premise: What metaphysical concepts were included in the Vedanta school?

Hypothesis: The emergence of Vedanta school represented a period when a more knowledge-centered understanding began to emerge.


Premise: What drug effectively treated Tuberculosis?

Hypothesis: The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), the tetracyclines (discovered at Lederle Laboratories, now a part of Pfizer), erythromycin (discovered at Eli Lilly and Co.) and their extension to an increasingly wide range of bacterial pathogens.


Premise: What material were the gates of the Temple of Jerusalem made from?

Hypothesis: The Baghdad Battery, with copper cylinders soldered to lead, dates back to 248 BC to AD 226 and resembles a galvanic cell, leading people to believe this was the first battery; the claim has not been verified.


Premise: Can you name some common vegetables used in Cyprus?

Hypothesis: Fresh vegetables and fruits are common ingredients.


Premise: When was the Kingdom of Pontus taken over by the Roman Republic?

Hypothesis: It was founded by Mithridates I in 291 BC and lasted until its conquest by the Roman Republic in 63 BC.


Premise: From where did Illyrians import there weapons and armor?

Hypothesis: Illyrians on the coast of the Adriatic were under the effects and influence of Hellenisation and some tribes adopted Greek, becoming bilingual due to their proximity to the Greek colonies in Illyria.


Premise: What year did the Oeselian pirates carry out a famous raid?

Hypothesis: Perhaps the most famous raid by Oeselian pirates occurred in 1187, with the attack on the Swedish town of Sigtuna by Finnic raiders from Couronia and Oesel.


Premise: According to the 2011 London census, what percentage of children were black?

Hypothesis: Altogether at the 2011 census, of London's 1,624,768 population aged 0 to 15, 46.4 per cent were White, 19.8 per cent were Asian, 19 per cent were Black, 10.8 per cent were Mixed and 4 per cent represented another ethnic group.


Premise: What song was sung at Chopin's funeral?

Hypothesis: At the graveside, the Funeral March from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2 was played, in Reber's instrumentation.


Premise: What was the Secretariat for non-believers eventually renamed?

Hypothesis: To foster common bonds with all persons of good will, he decreed an annual peace day to be celebrated on January first of every year.


Premise: During what meals was wine commonly drank?

Hypothesis: Many types of drinks involving grapes and honey were consumed as well.


Premise: What equipment was acquired to aid in Afghanistan?

Hypothesis: Although the viability of the Canada First Defence Strategy continues to suffer setbacks from challenging and evolving fiscal and other factors, it originally aimed to:


Premise: What is the main religion of Raleigh?

Hypothesis: As of 2013, 46.41% of people in Raleigh are affiliated with a religion.


Premise: During the 2010 United States Census what percentage of Atlantic City's population was Hispanic or Latino?

Hypothesis: At the 2010 United States Census, there were 39,558 people, 15,504 households, and 8,558 families residing in the city.


Premise: What did Einstein with the 1921 Nobel Prize for?

Hypothesis: The Nobel committee awarded the prize for his work on the photo-electric effect, rather than relativity, both because of a bias against purely theoretical physics not grounded in discovery or experiment, and dissent amongst its members as to the actual proof that relativity was real.


Premise: What did the Romans use as a means of expanding their rule throughout the empire?

Hypothesis: Imperial cult became one of the major ways in which Rome advertised its presence in the provinces and cultivated shared cultural identity and loyalty throughout the Empire.


Premise: What did Mill say might not actually exist?

Hypothesis: Secondly, Mill's formulation leaves open the unsettling possibility that the "gap-filling entities are purely possibilities and not actualities at all".


Premise: The journey for answers to polynomial equations of degree higher than 4 was the original motivation for what theory?

Hypothesis: The original motivation for group theory was the quest for solutions of polynomial equations of degree higher than 4.


Premise: How large is the metropolitan area of Paris?

Hypothesis: The city's last major annexation of outlying territories in 1860 not only gave it its modern form but also created the 20 clockwise-spiralling arrondissements (municipal boroughs).


Premise: Who was elected the first female president of Africa?

Hypothesis: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, a Harvard-trained economist and former Minister of Finance, was elected as the first female president in Africa.


Premise: Why do fungi communicate?

Hypothesis: Fungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies.


Premise: How are severe infections of the brain usually treated?

Hypothesis: Depending on the severity and the type of infection, the antibiotic may be given by mouth or by injection, or may be applied topically.


Premise: On what street is Masjid Bilal located?

Hypothesis: They tried to buy this church, but due to financial difficulties the Muslims instead bought an old grocery store at Chimbarazoo Boulevard, the present location of Masjid Bilal.


Premise: What is one country in the geographic area that was affected by the development of the Gothic style of architecture?

Hypothesis: The same wide geographic area was then affected by the development of Gothic architecture, but the acceptance of the Gothic style and methods of construction differed from place to place, as did the expressions of Gothic taste.


Premise: How many tons of cargo does the Tulsa Port of Catoosa ship annually?

Hypothesis: The only port handling international cargo in the state, the Tulsa Port of Catoosa is the most inland ocean-going port in the nation and ships over two million tons of cargo each year.


Premise: What area do peaks in France, Italy, and Switzerland lie in?

Hypothesis: Similarly the peaks in Switzerland extending to western Austria (Helvetic nappes) consist of thin-skinned sedimentary folding that detached from former basement rock.


Premise: In what year did The Teutonic Order lose Eastern Prussia?

Hypothesis: Walter von Cronberg, the next Grand Master, was enfeoffed with the title to Prussia after the Diet of Augsburg in 1530, but the Order never regained possession of the territory.


Premise: Why were instruments more unwelcome to Christians?

Hypothesis: They were considered a Catholic innovation, not widely practiced until the 18th century, and were opposed vigorously in worship by a number of Protestant Reformers, including Martin Luther (1483–1546), Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin (1509–1564) and John Wesley (1703–1791).


Premise: In Cubism what was architechtural interested base on?

Hypothesis: Cubism had become an influential factor in the development of modern architecture from 1912 (La Maison Cubiste, by Raymond Duchamp-Villon and André Mare) onwards, developing in parallel with architects such as Peter Behrens and Walter Gropius, with the simplification of building design, the use of materials appropriate to industrial production, and the increased use of glass.


Premise: What river is on the border of France and Germany?

Hypothesis: Strasbourg is situated on the eastern border of France with Germany.


Premise: Was there anything good that could be found from the divergence into exchange ?

Hypothesis: Ottoman Greeks had to endure through several centuries of adversity that culminated in genocide in the 20th century but nevertheless included cultural exchanges and enriched both cultures.


Premise: Where is London City Airport located?

Hypothesis: London City Airport, the smallest and most central airport, in Newham, East London, is focused on business travellers, with a mixture of full service short-haul scheduled flights and considerable business jet traffic.


Premise: The National Museum began in 1947 with a display of what type of art?

Hypothesis: The National Museum which began with an exhibition of Indian art and artefacts at the Royal Academy in London in the winter of 1947–48 was later at the end was shown at the Rashtrapati Bhawan in 1949.


Premise: What did the cathedral status save the abbey from?

Hypothesis: By granting the abbey cathedral status Henry VIII gained an excuse to spare it from the destruction or dissolution which he inflicted on most English abbeys during this period.


Premise: Who did Rousseau stay with when visiting Britain?

Hypothesis: Although he did not meet Rousseau on his visit to Britain in 1766–7


Premise: What is Lancashire's long and productive tradition?

Hypothesis: Lancashire has a long and highly productive tradition of music making.


Premise: What did Gaddafi insist that the coup be referred to as?

Hypothesis: Due to the coup's bloodless nature, it was initially labelled the "White Revolution", although was later renamed the "One September Revolution" after the date on which it occurred.


Premise: What was the original intent of the phonautograph?

Hypothesis: The phonautograph, patented by Léon Scott in 1857, used a vibrating diaphragm and stylus to graphically record sound waves as tracings on sheets of paper, purely for visual analysis and without any intent of playing them back.


Premise: The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationship between Jewish groups and what other population?

Hypothesis: examined the genetic relationships among all major Jewish groups, including Ashkenazim, as well as the genetic relationship between these Jewish groups and non-Jewish ethnic populations.


Premise: Who thought their future would be fused with Estonians?

Hypothesis: Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century.


Premise: Who has the largest school population?

Hypothesis: South Ribble has the largest school population and Fylde the smallest (only three schools).


Premise: An adolescent going through a family break up turning into an adult in a stable marriage is given as an example of change in what?

Hypothesis: Weinreich applies the identity variant in a framework which also allows for the transition from one to another by way of biographical experiences and resolution of conflicted identifications situated in various contexts – for example, an adolescent going through family break-up may be in one state, whereas later in a stable marriage with a secure professional role may be in another.


Premise: What film did Spielberg make to earn a merit badge?

Hypothesis: In 1958, he became a Boy Scout and fulfilled a requirement for the photography merit badge by making a nine-minute 8 mm film entitled The Last Gunfight.


Premise: Which two prizes are dedicated to mathematics?

Hypothesis: In addition, many subjects and activities have specially endowed prizes, several of which are awarded by visiting experts.


Premise: What EQ settings were known to have issues with bass distortion?

Hypothesis: For all iPods released in 2006 and earlier, some equalizer (EQ) sound settings would distort the bass sound far too easily, even on undemanding songs.


Premise: How might wasted power be salvaged?

Hypothesis: A converter can be fed from the rotor circuit and return the slip-frequency power that would otherwise be wasted back into the power system through an inverter or separate motor-generator.


Premise: What was Diogo Cao's nationality?

Hypothesis: After centuries as a major hub for transatlantic trade, direct European colonization of the Congo river delta began in the late 19th century, subsequently eroding the power of the Bantu societies in the region.


Premise: What is the tourist industry mostly based around?

Hypothesis: The tourist industry is heavily based on the promotion of Napoleon's imprisonment.


Premise: When was 'Men In Black' released?

Hypothesis: In 2006, Spielberg co-executive produced with famed filmmaker Robert Zemeckis a CGI children's film called Monster House, marking their eighth collaboration since 1990's Back to the Future Part III.


Premise: What does Tuscon have more than most desert climates?

Hypothesis: A similar scenario is seen in Alice Springs, Australia, which averages 11 inches (279.4 mm) a year, but has a desert climate.


Premise: When was the disagreement settled out of court?

Hypothesis: The release of a video-game Starpower: Beyoncé was cancelled after Beyoncé pulled out of a $100 million with GateFive who alleged the cancellation meant the sacking of 70 staff and millions of pounds lost in development.


Premise: What system did Arthur Cronquist put forth in 1968, but not publish in full form until 1981?

Hypothesis: The Cronquist system, proposed by Arthur Cronquist in 1968 and published in its full form in 1981, is still widely used but is no longer believed to accurately reflect phylogeny.


Premise: What did Nobunaga mean?

Hypothesis: A man was addressed by his family name and his title, or by his yobina if he did not have a title.


Premise: Along with dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin, cortisol and oxytocin, what neurotransmitter or hormone influences emotion?

Hypothesis: It also is influenced by hormones and neurotransmitters such as dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin, oxytocin, cortisol and GABA.


Premise: What heavily influenced nineteenth-century fictional depictions of John?

Hypothesis: During the 20th century, John was normally depicted in fictional books and films alongside Robin Hood.


Premise: What were the people using during the protest?

Hypothesis: Dissatisfaction with the conduct of the war was growing with the public in the UK and in other countries, aggravated by reports of fiascos, especially the humiliating defeat of the Charge of the Light Brigade at the Battle of Balaclava.


Premise: What is one way you could group pesticides?

Hypothesis: Systemic insecticides, which poison pollen and nectar in the flowers[citation needed], may kill bees and other needed pollinators[citation needed].


Premise: When were the first published reports of bitumen extraction in Albania?

Hypothesis: Since 1945, the mine was exploited by the Albanian government and from 2001 to date, the management passed to a French company, which organized the mining process for the manufacture of the natural bitumen on an industrial scale.


Premise: What was the name of West's fashion line for women?

Hypothesis: On October 1, 2011, Kanye West premiered his women's fashion label, DW Kanye West at Paris Fashion Week.


Premise: Who founded what came to be known Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: One popular theory suggests that Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, the founder of the city, named it "Bhagyanagar" or "Bhāgnagar" after Bhagmati, a local nautch (dancing) girl with whom he had fallen in love.


Premise: In what year was India's constitution drafted?

Hypothesis: In India, the longest constitutional text in the history of the world has governed that country since 1950.


Premise: What type of language was Low German in the Middle Ages?

Hypothesis: This is different from the situation in the Middle Ages when Low German had strong tendencies towards an ausbau language.


Premise: What website, in addition to Ashley Madison, was Avid Media instructed to take offline?

Hypothesis: When Avid Life Media, the parent company that created the Ashley Madison website, did not take the site offline, The Impact Group released two more compressed files, one 9.7GB and the second 20GB.


Premise: In what years was there intermittent war fare?

Hypothesis: Intermittent warfare lasting from July 23, 1670 until July 1695, plus the typhoons of 1671 and 1693, and in particular the smallpox epidemic of 1688, reduced the Chamorro population from 50,000 to 10,000 to less than 5,000.:86 Precipitated by the death of Quipuha, and the murder of Father San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod by local rebel chief Matapang, tensions led to a number of conflicts.


Premise: Who presented a solution to the philosophical problem of induction centered around falsifiability?

Hypothesis: Nor is it rational according to Popper to make instead the more complex assumption that the sun will rise until a given day, but will stop doing so the day after, or similar statements with additional conditions.


Premise: Who coined the word genome?

Hypothesis: The Oxford Dictionary suggests the name to be a blend of the words gene and chromosome.


Premise: During what hours is the lower deck turned off?

Hypothesis: Tenants of even-numbered floors first take an escalator (or an elevator from the parking garage) to the 2nd level, where they will enter the upper deck and arrive at their floors.


Premise: What drug company has a major presence in Tucson?

Hypothesis: Raytheon Missile Systems (formerly Hughes Aircraft Co.), Texas Instruments, IBM, Intuit Inc., Universal Avionics, Honeywell Aerospace, Sunquest Information Systems, Sanofi-Aventis, Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., and Bombardier Aerospace all have a significant presence in Tucson.


Premise: What is one reason for the decline in growth around the world in 2009?

Hypothesis: With a recession in the U.S. and the increased savings rate of U.S. consumers, declines in growth elsewhere have been dramatic.


Premise: Beyond getting money, bribes are also used to cause what to others?

Hypothesis: Bribes may be demanded in order for an official to do something he is already paid to do.