Premise: In 2007, when seeking attention, selection or service . What percent of Liberians had to pay a bribe?

Hypothesis: This score represented a significant improvement since 2007, when the country scored 2.1 and ranked 150th of 180 countries.


Premise: When did this push occur?

Hypothesis: In the U.S., a push for revisions of the FD&C Act emerged from Congressional hearings led by Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee in 1959.


Premise: Tajwid describes rules for what noiseless aspect of articulating Quranic verses?

Hypothesis: It may be said that this discipline studies the laws and methods of the proper recitation of the Quran and covers three main areas: the proper pronunciation of consonants and vowels (the articulation of the Quranic phonemes), the rules of pause in recitation and of resumption of recitation, and the musical and melodious features of recitation.


Premise: What percentage of voters preferred statehood?

Hypothesis: Statehood opponents have argued that the statehood option garnered only 45 percent of the votes if abstentions are included.


Premise: What name did the record companies associate with MP3 file sharing?

Hypothesis: They reacted by pursuing lawsuits against Napster (which was eventually shut down and later sold) and against individual users who engaged in file sharing.


Premise: Who does Beyoncé describe as lyrical and raw?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé has stated that she is personally inspired by US First Lady Michelle Obama, saying "She proves you can do it all" and she has described Oprah Winfrey as "the definition of inspiration and a strong woman".


Premise: When did Europeans begin more intense studying of Arabic translations of classical works?

Hypothesis: Arabic translation efforts and techniques are important to Western translation traditions due to centuries of close contacts and exchanges.


Premise: What is a significant alternative to MP3?

Hypothesis: Besides lossy compression methods, lossless formats are a significant alternative to MP3 because they provide unaltered audio content, though with an increased file size compared to lossy compression.


Premise: The state's economy ranks in what place in the country Mexico

Hypothesis: Chihuahua has the fifth highest manufacturing GDP in Mexico and ranks second for the most factories funded by foreign investment in the country.


Premise: What university was Landis Gores associated with?

Hypothesis: Other notable architects to have worked in the city include Rick Mather, I.M. Pei, and Gordon Bunshaft.


Premise: How many U.S. Marines were killed by the time thhey reached the west coast of the island?

Hypothesis: By the end of the day, the Marines reached the west coast of the island, but their losses were appalling; almost 2,000 men killed or wounded.


Premise: What information is in the Susrutasamhita of Susruta?

Hypothesis: Its most famous text is the Suśrutasamhitā of Suśruta, which is notable for describing procedures on various forms of surgery, including rhinoplasty, the repair of torn ear lobes, perineal lithotomy, cataract surgery, and several other excisions and other surgical procedures.


Premise: PAL, SECAM, and NTSC frame rates apply to what definition televisions?

Hypothesis: HDTV in former PAL and SECAM countries operates at a frame rate of 25/50 Hz, while HDTV in former NTSC countries operates at 30/60 Hz.


Premise: When was the Anglo -Russia Entente signed?

Hypothesis: The Triple Entente was the name given to the loose alignment between the United Kingdom, France, and Russia after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907.


Premise: What country covers treatment for tuberculosis for its citizens?

Hypothesis: The government of Brazil provides universal TB-care, which reduces this problem.


Premise: Why does Sowell believe that there is little to no incentive for the preferred minority groups to perform at their best?

Hypothesis: Sowell writes that affirmative action policies encourage non-preferred groups to designate themselves as members of preferred groups [i.e., primary beneficiaries of affirmative action] to take advantage of group preference policies; that they tend to benefit primarily the most fortunate among the preferred group (e.g., upper and middle class blacks), often to the detriment of the least fortunate among the non-preferred groups (e.g., poor white or Asian); that they reduce the incentives of both the preferred and non-preferred to perform at their best – the former because doing so is unnecessary and the latter because it can prove futile – thereby resulting in net losses for society as a whole; and that they engender animosity toward preferred groups as well.:115–147


Premise: What year did Vote for the Worst cease operations?

Hypothesis: Concerns about power voting have been expressed from the very first season.


Premise: What dialect continuum does Macedonian belong to?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, before the establishment of a literary standard of Macedonian in 1944, in most sources in and out of Bulgaria before the Second World War, the southern Slavonic dialect continuum covering the area of today's Republic of Macedonia were referred to as Bulgarian dialects.


Premise: Judaism does not believe that Jesus is the what?

Hypothesis: The term for a Christian in Hebrew is נוּצְרי (Notzri—"Nazarene"), a Talmudic term originally derived from the fact that Jesus came from the Galilean village of Nazareth, today in northern Israel.


Premise: How many people in Boston use public transportation?

Hypothesis: With nearly a third of Bostonians using public transit for their commute to work, Boston has the fifth-highest rate of public transit usage in the country.


Premise: What type of focus did universities have at the end of the early modern period?

Hypothesis: By the end of the early modern period, the structure and orientation of higher education had changed in ways that are eminently recognizable for the modern context.


Premise: Who did Justus von Liebig argue with over the belief that animals get protein from plants?

Hypothesis: With a reputation as the leading organic chemist of his day but with no credentials in animal physiology, Liebig grew rich making food extracts like beef bouillon and infant formula that were later found to be of questionable nutritious value.


Premise: What should the driver do in order to open and close the circuit breaker?

Hypothesis: The only action needed by the driver is to shut off power and coast and therefore warning boards are still provided at and on the approach to neutral sections.


Premise: Hunting was important for the emergence of the Homo genus from what?

Hypothesis: While it is undisputed that early humans were hunters, the importance of this for the emergence of the Homo genus from the earlier Australopithecines, including the production of stone tools and eventually the control of fire, are emphasised in the hunting hypothesis and de-emphasised in scenarios that stress omnivory and social interaction, including mating behaviour, as essential in the emergence of human behavioural modernity.


Premise: What title and name did Elizabeth's father take upon becoming king?

Hypothesis: Elizabeth was born at 02:40 (GMT) on 21 April 1926, during the reign of her paternal grandfather, King George V. Her father, Prince Albert, Duke of York (later King George VI), was the second son of the King.


Premise: Where do the tourists for the Plum Blossom Festival come from?

Hypothesis: The annual International Plum Blossom Festival held in Plum Blossom Hill, the largest plum collection in China, attracts thousands of tourists both domestically and internationally.


Premise: What did Eisenhower do to Oppenheimer after he said that the hydrogen bomb should be delayed?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower removed him from the agency and revoked his security clearance, though he knew this would create fertile ground for McCarthy.


Premise: What makes mosses different from other land plants?

Hypothesis: Following the evolution of the seed habit, seed plants diversified, giving rise to a number of now-extinct groups, including seed ferns, as well as the modern gymnosperms and angiosperms.


Premise: Who holds a republican position some consider to monarch of Britain?

Hypothesis: India, while remaining an active member of the Commonwealth, chose as a republic to institute its own set of honours awarded by the President of India who holds a republican position some consider similar to that of the monarch in Britain.


Premise: What was the most losses the Luftwaffe suffered on any mission?

Hypothesis: In the following month, 22 German bombers were lost with 13 confirmed to have been shot down by night fighters.


Premise: How many appreciation medals were destroyed by the Bureau of the Mint?

Hypothesis: Prior to the end of his second term as President, 1,451 medals were turned-in to the Bureau of the Mint and destroyed.


Premise: What is the aim of this?

Hypothesis: Amongst the key initiative is the so-called time-bounded programme countries, where child labour is most prevalent and schooling opportunities lacking.


Premise: What types of decisions would great powers reach?

Hypothesis: This might mean deciding the political resolution of various geographical and nationalist claims following a major conflict, or other contexts.


Premise: Where did Gaddafi begin his military training?

Hypothesis: Under Idris, Libya's armed forces were trained by the British military; this angered Gaddafi, who viewed the British as imperialists, and accordingly he refused to learn English and was rude to the British officers, ultimately failing his exams.


Premise: When did Alexander the Great reach India?

Hypothesis: By 326 BC, Alexander the Great had conquered Asia Minor and the Achaemenid Empire and had reached the northwest frontiers of the Indian subcontinent.


Premise: What party was formed from the dissolved Ukrainian Helsinki Union?

Hypothesis: The UAOC declared its full independence from the Moscow Patriarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church, which in March had granted autonomy to the Ukrainian Orthodox church headed by Metropolitan Filaret.


Premise: In wood from a willow tree, what would you need to use to see the tiny vessels?

Hypothesis: The water conducting capability is mostly taken care of by vessels: in some cases (oak, chestnut, ash) these are quite large and distinct, in others (buckeye, poplar, willow) too small to be seen without a hand lens.


Premise: What was the main benefit from the switch to HTML5?

Hypothesis: The YouTube site had a page that allowed supported browsers to opt into the HTML5 trial.


Premise: What is considered to be the lifeline of Guam?

Hypothesis: The port is the shipping and receiving point for containers designated for the island's U.S. Department of Defense installations, Andersen Air Force Base and Commander, Naval Forces Marianas and eventually the Third Marine Expeditionary Force.


Premise: How far is to the neighboring capitol of Canelones?

Hypothesis: Closest cities by road are Las Piedras to the north and the so-called Ciudad de la Costa (a conglomeration of coastal towns) to the east, both in the range of 20 to 25 kilometres (16 mi) from the city center.


Premise: What is another predominant religion of Zhejiang besides Chinese folk religions and Taoist traditions?

Hypothesis: The reports didn't give figures for other types of religion; 74.36% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in worship of nature deities, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, folk religious sects, and small minorities of Muslims.


Premise: For what was NASA searching?

Hypothesis: On 7 February 2008, a NASA team embarked on a mission to Lake Untersee, searching for extremophiles in its highly alkaline waters.


Premise: What is another example of a lossless format other than Apple Lossless?

Hypothesis: Besides lossy compression methods, lossless formats are a significant alternative to MP3 because they provide unaltered audio content, though with an increased file size compared to lossy compression.


Premise: A convert generally follows which practice?

Hypothesis: A convert generally follows the practice of the beth din that converted him or her.


Premise: How many nations comprised the Axis powers?

Hypothesis: On 27 September Japan signed a military alliance with Germany and Italy, becoming one of the three Axis Powers.


Premise: What do Jehovah Witnesses consider all other present day religions to be?

Hypothesis: Satan will subsequently attack Jehovah's Witnesses, an action that will prompt God to begin the war of Armageddon, during which all forms of government and all people not counted as Christ's "sheep", or true followers, will be destroyed.


Premise: Along with Turkey, France and Italy, where did expelled Spanish Jews travel to?

Hypothesis: The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland.


Premise: When were many of the large hotels demolished?

Hypothesis: The Breakers, the Chelsea, the Brighton, the Shelburne, the Mayflower, the Traymore, and the Marlborough-Blenheim were demolished in the 1970s and 1980s.


Premise: What were the two hit singles off of Queen's album Jazz?

Hypothesis: Another notable track from Jazz, "Don't Stop Me Now", provides another example of the band's exuberant vocal harmonies.


Premise: What dilemma has resulted in many predatory adaptations?

Hypothesis: This interaction has resulted in a vast array of adaptations in both groups.


Premise: What process was created by the U.S. Army that led to innovation in consumer electronics?

Hypothesis: Printed circuits did not become commonplace in consumer electronics until the mid-1950s, after the Auto-Sembly process was developed by the United States Army.


Premise: Because Mohammed was "ummi," what would he not have known about that lent credence to his prophethood?

Hypothesis: The Quran describes Muhammad as "ummi", which is traditionally interpreted as "illiterate," but the meaning is rather more complex.


Premise: What may a Jehovah Witnesses' refusal to serve in the natural military service result in, in some countries?

Hypothesis: Sociologist Ronald Lawson has suggested the religion's intellectual and organizational isolation, coupled with the intense indoctrination of adherents, rigid internal discipline and considerable persecution, has contributed to the consistency of its sense of urgency in its apocalyptic message.


Premise: Where were Steven Spielberg's granparents from?

Hypothesis: Three years later, the family moved to Phoenix, Arizona.:548 Spielberg attended Hebrew school from 1953 to 1957, in classes taught by Rabbi Albert L. Lewis.


Premise: In what year did Schwarzenegger and Maria Shriver separate?

Hypothesis: Schwarzenegger once said of his fortune, "Money doesn't make you happy.


Premise: What does the French constitution state for the language in Aslace?

Hypothesis: A 1999 INSEE survey counted 548,000 adult speakers of Alsatian in France, making it the second most-spoken regional language in the country (after Occitan).


Premise: What was the name of Ban Biao's female offspring?

Hypothesis: Han dynasty poetry was dominated by the fu genre, which achieved its greatest prominence during the reign of Emperor Wu.


Premise: Why is STOVL used by other navies?

Hypothesis: STOVL is used by other navies because it is cheaper to operate and still provides good deployment capability for fighter aircraft.


Premise: Who interviewed Kerry in Oct 2004 about his religion?

Hypothesis: Kerry told Christianity Today in October 2004 "I'm a Catholic and I practice, but at the same time I have an open-mindedness to many other expressions of spirituality that come through different religions...


Premise: The Muslim minority is mostly located in what city?

Hypothesis: Estimates of the recognized Greek Muslim minority, which is mostly located in Thrace, range from 98,000 to 140,000, (about 1%) while the immigrant Muslim community numbers between 200,000 and 300,000.


Premise: What is the second biggest education center in Mexico City?

Hypothesis: In addition, the prestigious University of California maintains a campus known as "Casa de California" in the city.


Premise: What do aircraft carriers allow naval forces to accomplish?

Hypothesis: Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases for staging aircraft operations.


Premise: Von Neumann's study of what preceded the discovery of DNA?

Hypothesis: In a short list of facts about his life he submitted to the National Academy of Sciences, he stated "The part of my work I consider most essential is that on quantum mechanics, which developed in Göttingen in 1926, and subsequently in Berlin in 1927–1929.


Premise: What normally followed the delivery of a child by a woman in Mary time period ?

Hypothesis: The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition).


Premise: Which two royals were part of the dynastic conflict of the 15th century?

Hypothesis: Soon after, in the late 15th century, in the dynastic conflict between Isabella I of Castile and Joanna La Beltraneja, part of the Galician aristocracy supported Joanna.


Premise: What major factor has kept gumbe out of mainstream audiences?

Hypothesis: However, civil unrest and other factors have combined over the years to keep gumbe, and other genres, out of mainstream audiences, even in generally syncretist African countries.


Premise: What was Giovanni's mother descended from?

Hypothesis: His father Giorgio Montini was a lawyer, journalist, director of the Catholic Action and member of the Italian Parliament.


Premise: What was the name of this festival ?

Hypothesis: The spread of the feast, by now with the adjective "Immaculate" attached to its title, met opposition on the part of some, on the grounds that sanctification was possible only after conception.


Premise: What do some modern hunters see themselves as?

Hypothesis: Local hunting clubs and national organizations provide hunter education and help protect the future of the sport by buying land for future hunting use.


Premise: What percentage of the population identifies as Hispanic?

Hypothesis: The city's population in 2010 was 44% white (33.3% non-Hispanic white), 25.5% black (23% non-Hispanic black), 0.7% Native American, and 12.7% Asian.


Premise: What label for the Greek market were artists on under the Sony umbrella?

Hypothesis: In July 2013, Sony Music withdrew from the Greek market due to an economic crisis.


Premise: What is the Carnival known as in countries which are mostly Lutheran?

Hypothesis: The term Carnival is traditionally used in areas with a large Catholic presence.


Premise: Who were rich enough to afford multiple lovers?

Hypothesis: Monogamous marriages were also normal, although nobles and high officials were wealthy enough to afford and support concubines as additional lovers.


Premise: What percentage of the Portuguese people are Roman Catholic?

Hypothesis: According to the 2011 Census, 81.0% of the Portuguese population are Roman Catholic.


Premise: A list of websites a user can click to get back to easy have been what by the user?

Hypothesis: In Firefox, web feeds are formatted as "live bookmarks" and behave like a folder of bookmarks corresponding to recent entries in the feed.


Premise: What specifics were recorded in his experiments?

Hypothesis: In these cases the amount of pull and the corresponding pain was found to be significant.


Premise: As it pertains to violent crimes against targeted groups, what is the ultimate motivation within the actions of genocide?

Hypothesis: The word is defined as a specific set of violent crimes that are committed against a certain group with the attempt to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them.


Premise: Napoleon chose to focus his attention on which country that flouted his trade restrictions?

Hypothesis: The situation changed dramatically after the Franco-Spanish defeat at Trafalgar; John grew bolder and officially resumed diplomatic and trade relations with Britain.


Premise: How many terrorists survived the 1972 Munich attack?

Hypothesis: He funded the Black September Organization who perpetrated the 1972 Munich massacre of Israeli athletes in West Germany, and had the killed militants' bodies flown to Libya for a hero's funeral.


Premise: What era started when Ancient Greek cities became self-governing entities?

Hypothesis: The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece.


Premise: How much of yearly acquired asphalt is reclaimed?

Hypothesis: According to industry surveys conducted annually by the Federal Highway Administration and the National Asphalt Pavement Association, more than 99% of the asphalt removed each year from road surfaces during widening and resurfacing projects is reused as part of new pavements, roadbeds, shoulders and embankments.


Premise: What does gastric juice consist of?

Hypothesis: In the small intestine, the larger part of digestion takes place and this is helped by the secretions of bile, pancreatic juice and intestinal juice.


Premise: The PV industry has seen drops in module prices since what year?

Hypothesis: The $1.00/W installed cost, is often regarded in the PV industry as marking the achievement of grid parity for PV.


Premise: What was Dan DeCarlo's spooky but humorous comic aimed at kids called?

Hypothesis: Atlas also published a plethora of children's and teen humor titles, including Dan DeCarlo's Homer the Happy Ghost (à la Casper the Friendly Ghost) and Homer Hooper (à la Archie Andrews).


Premise: Which Iranian scientist co-invented the first gas laser?

Hypothesis: In 1960, Ali Javan co-invented the first gas laser, and fuzzy set theory was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh.


Premise: What is an organism that grazes upon other animals?

Hypothesis: Animals may also be 'grazed' upon; female mosquitos land on hosts briefly to gain sufficient proteins for the development of their offspring.


Premise: When did Nigeria receive independence?

Hypothesis: For instance, northern Nigeria did not outlaw slavery until 1936 whilst in other parts of Nigeria slavery was abolished soon after colonialism.


Premise: Where could CBC's channels need to be relocated in order to continue operating?

Hypothesis: The requirement remains for all of CBC's full-power transmitters occupying channels 52 to 69 to either relocate to channels 2 to 51 or become low-power transmitters.


Premise: Who funds The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review?

Hypothesis: The journal is funded by the Buffett Center for International and Comparative Studies and the Office of the Provost.


Premise: What did Elizabeth's speech on 24 November, 1992 mark?

Hypothesis: In a speech on 24 November 1992, to mark the 40th anniversary of her accession, Elizabeth called 1992 her annus horribilis, meaning horrible year.


Premise: How much did the population of the Americas decrease after first contact with the Europeans?

Hypothesis: The European colonization of the Americas forever changed the lives and cultures of the peoples of the continents.


Premise: How many phases were there to the Armenian Genocide?

Hypothesis: The genocide was implemented in two phases: the wholesale killing of the able-bodied male population through massacre and subjection of army conscripts to forced labour, followed by the deportation of women, children, the elderly and infirm on death marches leading to the Syrian desert.


Premise: What do scholars say the preaspirated [ʰp ʰt ʰk] are too?

Hypothesis: In Icelandic, preaspirated stops contrast with double stops and single stops:


Premise: When was the Armenian Genocide Memorial constructed?

Hypothesis: In 1967, a memorial to the victims of the Armenian Genocide was built at the Tsitsernakaberd hill above the Hrazdan gorge in Yerevan.


Premise: A fifth terminal was opened in 2008 for which UK airline?

Hypothesis: In March 2008 its fifth terminal was opened.


Premise: When was the House of General Studies formed?

Hypothesis: In 1836, the House of General Studies was formed, housing the departments of Latin, philosophy, mathematics, theology and jurisprudence.


Premise: What was the name of the NES clone produced in Taiwan?

Hypothesis: A Famicom clone was marketed in Argentina under the name of "Family Game", resembling the original hardware design.


Premise: In this type of federation each country had its own what?

Hypothesis: The United States of Venezuela were subsequently incorporated under a "Federation of Sovereign States" upon principles borrowed from the Articles of Confederation of the United States of America.


Premise: Jewish law includes which principle used to justify copyright?

Hypothesis: Jewish law includes several considerations whose effects are similar to those of modern intellectual property laws, though the notion of intellectual creations as property does not seem to exist – notably the principle of Hasagat Ge'vul (unfair encroachment) was used to justify limited-term publisher (but not author) copyright in the 16th century.


Premise: How many research labs does IBM have world wide?

Hypothesis: IBM has 12 research laboratories worldwide, bundled into IBM Research.


Premise: What is an important goal in in this final stage?

Hypothesis: The final stage of database design is to make the decisions that affect performance, scalability, recovery, security, and the like.


Premise: What were three midwestern hard rock bands?

Hypothesis: Early punk bands like The Ramones explicitly rebelled against the drum solos and extended guitar solos that characterised stadium rock, with almost all of their songs clocking in around two minutes with no guitar solos.


Premise: What was the name of the anti-Semitic article that The Time's Chief Editor published in 1914?

Hypothesis: On 8 May 1920, also under the editorship of Steed, The Times in an editorial endorsed the anti-Semitic fabrication The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion as a genuine document, and called Jews the world's greatest danger.


Premise: What did CBC air during the NHL lockout?

Hypothesis: One of the most popular shows on CBC Television is the weekly Saturday night broadcast of NHL hockey games, Hockey Night in Canada.


Premise: What language do some of the same states specify the oath of office include?

Hypothesis: The required beliefs of these clauses include belief in a Supreme Being and belief in a future state of rewards and punishments.


Premise: What positions were contained within the House of Lords?

Hypothesis: The Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949 provide a second potential preamble if the House of Lords were to be excluded from the process.


Premise: In what year was the Siege of Belgrade fought?

Hypothesis: Hunyadi succeeded during the Siege of Belgrade in 1456 against the Ottomans, the biggest victory against that empire in decades.


Premise: During what years did the wars between the Army and the Seminoles take place?

Hypothesis: It took long wars (1818–58) to finally defeat the Seminoles and move them to Oklahoma.


Premise: What is it called when a person's vocal cords stay open after a consonant?

Hypothesis: An easy way to measure this is by noting the consonant's voice-onset time, as the voicing of a following vowel cannot begin until the vocal cords close.


Premise: Are cell walls of bacteria similar to cell walls of plants and fungi?

Hypothesis: The cell wall of bacteria is also distinct from that of Archaea, which do not contain peptidoglycan.


Premise: How deep is Suez canal?

Hypothesis: The canal is 193.30 km (120.11 mi) long, 24 m (79 ft) deep and 205 metres (673 ft) wide as of 2010.


Premise: In what month and year did Plymouth play host to the America's Cup World Series?

Hypothesis: In September 2011, Plymouth hosted the America's Cup World Series for nine days.


Premise: When a comic panel has events that are not at the same time the panel is considered to be what?

Hypothesis: The contents of a panel may be asynchronous, with events depicted in the same image not necessarily occurring at the same time.


Premise: What is the name of second best basketball club in Estonia?

Hypothesis: Basketball is also a notable sport in Estonia.


Premise: What is the population of Paris' metropolitan area?

Hypothesis: Paris' metropolitan area spans most of the Paris region and has a population of 12,341,418 (Jan. 2012 census), or one-fifth of the population of France.


Premise: Where did post-punk ram its appropriation of ideas into?

Hypothesis: The era saw the robust appropriation of ideas from literature, art, cinema, philosophy, politics and critical theory into musical and pop cultural contexts.


Premise: What magazine did Beyoncé write a story for about her earlier hiatus?

Hypothesis: Eat, Play, Love", a cover story written by Beyoncé for Essence that detailed her 2010 career break, won her a writing award from the New York Association of Black Journalists.


Premise: How many people at the last census were under 18?

Hypothesis: According to the 2010 Census, 343,837 (22.5%) were under the age of 18; 203,697 (13.3%) from 18 to 25; 434,385 (28.5%) from 25 to 44; 358,778 (23.5%) from 45 to 64; and 185,309 (12.1%) who were 65 years of age or older.


Premise: Does a 6 month old have short term memory?

Hypothesis: It is only by 9 months of age that infants can recall the actions of a two-step sequence in the correct temporal order - that is, recalling step 1 and then step 2.


Premise: What is the Olympic Torch made from?

Hypothesis: It is made from aluminum.


Premise: Which two members of Queen performed together at several charity concerts?

Hypothesis: Brian May and Roger Taylor performed together at several award ceremonies and charity concerts, sharing vocals with various guest singers.


Premise: What does he call the merging of economic, political and technological forces that drove the music industry?

Hypothesis: Professor Aram Sinnreich, in his book The Piracy Crusade, states that the connection between declining music sails and the creation of peer to peer file sharing sites such as Napster is tenuous, based on correlation rather than causation.


Premise: At what university was Hans Winkler employed when he created the word genome?

Hypothesis: The Oxford Dictionary suggests the name to be a blend of the words gene and chromosome.


Premise: Who can collect taxes in Oklahoma?

Hypothesis: The state is divided into 77 counties that govern locally, each headed by a three-member council of elected commissioners, a tax assessor, clerk, court clerk, treasurer, and sheriff.


Premise: What do algal bacteria if nutrients are available?

Hypothesis: However, in natural environments, nutrients are limited, meaning that bacteria cannot continue to reproduce indefinitely.


Premise: What group were considered to be at the top of the Strict Class Hierarchy?

Hypothesis: Society in the Japanese "Tokugawa period" (Edo society), unlike the shogunates before it, was based on the strict class hierarchy originally established by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.


Premise: What is the western edge of Tucson's downtown?

Hypothesis: Downtown is generally regarded as the area bordered by 17th Street to the south, I-10 to the west, and 6th Street to the north, and Toole Avenue and the Union Pacific (formerly Southern Pacific) railroad tracks, site of the historic train depot and "Locomotive #1673", built in 1900.


Premise: What fungus protects pine trees from copper toxicity?

Hypothesis: The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus protects young pine trees from copper toxicity.


Premise: What do hermit crabs eat?

Hypothesis: The marine life found here consists of anemones, urchins, sea cucumbers, and eels, which all live on the reefs along with turtles, conch and many varieties of marine fishes.


Premise: What do a variety of industries benefit from?

Hypothesis: In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist.


Premise: The roots of what were established on Saint Helena?

Hypothesis: This environmental intervention was closely linked to the conceptualisation of the processes of environmental change and helped establish the roots of environmentalism.


Premise: What foundation did Beyoncé start after Hurricane Katrina?

Hypothesis: After Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Beyoncé and Rowland founded the Survivor Foundation to provide transitional housing for victims in the Houston area, to which Beyoncé contributed an initial $250,000.


Premise: What helps reduce resource usage?

Hypothesis: Data compression is subject to a space–time complexity trade-off.


Premise: How many of Ibn Sina's shorter works were said to have been created in Rey?

Hypothesis: About thirty of Ibn Sina's shorter works are said to have been composed in Rey.


Premise: How are some essential genes regulated?

Hypothesis: Since their expression is constant, housekeeping genes are used as experimental controls when analysing gene expression.


Premise: What phrase have some Latter-day Saints used in reference to BYU's mission as ambassador to the world for the LDS Church?

Hypothesis: BYU has been considered by some Latter-day Saints, as well as some university and church leaders, to be "The Lord's university".


Premise: Two Boston department stores merged to form what Cincinnati based department store?

Hypothesis: Boston-based department stores Jordan Marsh and Filene's have both been merged into the Cincinnati–based Macy's.


Premise: What former King was not invited to the wedding?

Hypothesis: The Duke of Windsor, formerly King Edward VIII, was not invited either.


Premise: The polish anem and cry ritualized what?

Hypothesis: The documentation regarding Raciborz and Albert's tenure is the earliest surviving of the use of the clan name and cry defining the honorable status of Polish knights.


Premise: How was support for members of the public given?

Hypothesis: Work is being done under this action plan, including publishing awareness-raising articles in local newspapers, providing support for members of the public with human rights queries, and extending several UN Conventions on human rights to St. Helena.


Premise: How many professional football clubs call London their home?

Hypothesis: Aside from Arsenal, Chelsea and Tottenham, none of the other London clubs have ever won the national league title.


Premise: Although two men developed the Auto-Sembly process, to whom was the patent officially granted?

Hypothesis: The patent they obtained in 1956 was assigned to the U.S. Army.


Premise: When was Madonna born?

Hypothesis: Often referred to as the "Queen of Pop", she is often cited as an influence by other artists.


Premise: What doctor did Donda West ignore the recommendation of to invest her heart condition?

Hypothesis: She never met with the doctor recommended by Aboolian and had the procedures performed by a third doctor, Jan Adams.


Premise: While working, does DBMS store information in one place?

Hypothesis: A DBMS, while in operation, always has its database residing in several types of storage (e.g., memory and external storage).


Premise: What is Rio Nuevo?

Hypothesis: Downtown is divided into the Presidio District, the Barrio Viejo, and the Congress Street Arts and Entertainment District.


Premise: What was the primary use of Japanese submarines?

Hypothesis: While Japan had a large number of submarines, they did not make a significant impact on the war.


Premise: About what was the population of Boston in 2010?

Hypothesis: In 2010, Boston was estimated to have 617,594 residents (a density of 12,200 persons/sq mile, or 4,700/km2) living in 272,481 housing units— a 5% population increase over 2000.


Premise: What does Hegel mean by "object"?

Hypothesis: For Hegel there must be some identity of thought and being for the "subject" (any human observer)) to be able to know any observed "object" (any external entity, possibly even another human) at all.


Premise: When did Boko Haram become active in Nigeria?

Hypothesis: At the same time, neighbouring countries, Benin, Chad, Cameroon and Niger joined Nigeria in a united effort to combat Boko Haram in the aftermath of a world media highlighted kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls and the spread of Boko Haram attacks to these countries.


Premise: How many stores was Sears operating in 1940?

Hypothesis: Sears was a pioneer in creating department stores that catered to men as well as women, especially with lines of hardware and building materials.


Premise: What does Spain's government accounts for?

Hypothesis: The country has been quoted as being "an extraordinarily decentralized country", with the central government accounting for just 18% of public spending, 38% for the regional governments, 13% for the local councils, and the remaining 31% for the social security system.


Premise: What are governments called that are created with the rule of law in mind?

Hypothesis: Government based upon the rule of law is called nomocracy.


Premise: Which European government contributed the most to the UNFPA in 2008?

Hypothesis: Of the total income of M845.3 M, $118 was donated by the Netherlands, $67 M by Sweden, $62 M by Norway, $54 M by Denmark, $53 M by the UK, $52 M by Spain, $19 M by Luxembourg.


Premise: What is the most popular head dress worn?

Hypothesis: The beret is probably the most widely worn headgear and is worn with almost all orders of dress (with the exception of the more formal orders of Navy and Air Force dress), and the colour of which is determined by the wearer's environment, branch, or mission.


Premise: Where was the Australian and Dutch guerilla campaign led?

Hypothesis: The council never had any direct operational control, and any decisions it made were referred to the U.S.-UK Combined Chiefs of Staff, which was also in Washington.


Premise: What is designing as it applies to built environments?

Hypothesis: More critical or optimized designs now routinely use mathematical modeling on a computer using software such as Radiance which can allow an Architect to quickly undertake complex calculations to review the benefit of a particular design.


Premise: When was the MUSE system demonstrated in the US first?

Hypothesis: Upon visiting a demonstration of MUSE in Washington, US President Ronald Reagan was impressed and officially declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US.


Premise: Which World Fair was hosted in San Diego in 1935?

Hypothesis: In the early part of the 20th century, San Diego hosted two World's Fairs: the Panama-California Exposition in 1915 and the California Pacific International Exposition in 1935.


Premise: What did Mikhail Gorbachev introduce?

Hypothesis: The United States under President Ronald Reagan increased diplomatic, military, and economic pressure on the Soviet Union, which was already suffering from severe economic stagnation.


Premise: In his farewell speech, what complex did Eisenhower warn the American people of?

Hypothesis: He described the Cold War: "We face a hostile ideology global in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in purpose and insidious in method ..." and warned about what he saw as unjustified government spending proposals and continued with a warning that "we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military–industrial complex."


Premise: Left untreated, about how many people could contract tuberculosis from an active TB patient in a year?

Hypothesis: After about two weeks of effective treatment, subjects with nonresistant active infections generally do not remain contagious to others.


Premise: In what year were Machine-room-less elevators first allowed?

Hypothesis: Machine-room-less elevators have been available commercially since the mid 1990s, however cost and overall size prevented their adoption to the residential elevator market until around 2010.


Premise: What was the first empire to unify India?

Hypothesis: At its greatest extent, the Mauryan Empire stretched to the north up to the natural boundaries of the Himalayas and to the east into what is now Assam.


Premise: What appeared among the Slavs when their migratory movements ended?

Hypothesis: Moreover, it was the beginnings of class differentiation, and nobles pledged allegiance either to the Frankish/ Holy Roman Emperors or the Byzantine Emperors.


Premise: When did the "P" sound of Pretannia change to the "B" sound of Britannia?

Hypothesis: In the 1st century BC, Diodorus Siculus has Prettanikē nēsos, "the British Island", and Prettanoi, "the Britons".


Premise: When did American Idol begin?

Hypothesis: Since the show's inception in 2002, ten of the fourteen Idol winners, including its first five, have come from the Southern United States.


Premise: What are MES-1, MES-2, AND MES-3A AND MES-3B part of?

Hypothesis: Note that MES-2 includes every character in MES-1 and WGL-4.


Premise: What year did free media outlets begin to expand?

Hypothesis: In 2003, as new free electronic media outlets started to proliferate, advertisers increasingly began switching over from print ads to radio and online commercials in order to reach more customers.


Premise: Who were sometimes permitted to use the Archive's database?

Hypothesis: When the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley.


Premise: In 2008-2009, how was BYU ranked nationally for the number of students who go on to earn PhDs?

Hypothesis: Due in part to the school's emphasis on undergraduate research, in rankings for 2008-2009, BYU was ranked No. 10 nationally for the number of students who go on to earn PhDs, No. 1 nationally for students who go on to dental school, No. 6 nationally for students who go on to law school, and No. 10 nationally for students who go on to medical school.


Premise: What geographical portion of Connecticut is linked to New York via highway?

Hypothesis: Because these highways serve millions of outer borough and suburban residents who commute into Manhattan, it is quite common for motorists to be stranded for hours in traffic jams that are a daily occurrence, particularly during rush hour.


Premise: Wood extractives include resin and fatty acids, terpenes, and what other component?

Hypothesis: Aside from the lignocellulose, wood consists of a variety of low molecular weight organic compounds, called extractives.


Premise: Was the landing successful?

Hypothesis: Covered by naval bombardment, the army drove off the French force detailed to oppose their landing, captured Cherbourg, and destroyed its fortifications, docks, and shipping.


Premise: What do death penalty opponents argue that capital punishment isn't effective at doing?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, some opponents argue that the arbitrariness with which it is administered and the systemic influence of racial, socio-economic, geographic, and gender bias on determinations of desert make the current practice of capital punishment immoral and illegitimate.


Premise: Where did most Chinese men enter the US?

Hypothesis: In 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed, and Chinese workers who chose to stay in the U.S. were unable to have their wives join them.


Premise: When was the Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field found?

Hypothesis: The Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field was discovered in 1973 and produces from middle Miocene deltaic sandstone-shale in an anticline structural trap at a depth of 2–4 km.


Premise: Unlike synthetic languages, what do Hokkien sentences not indicate?

Hypothesis: Unlike synthetic languages, seldom do words indicate time, gender and plural by inflection.


Premise: How many code positions were left unassigned for furture standardization?

Hypothesis: There was some debate at the time whether there should be more control characters rather than the lowercase alphabet.:435 The indecision did not last long: during May 1963 the CCITT Working Party on the New Telegraph Alphabet proposed to assign lowercase characters to columns 6 and 7, and International Organization for Standardization TC 97 SC 2 voted during October to incorporate the change into its draft standard.


Premise: Who did The Sun declare political endorsement of in 1997?

Hypothesis: Blair, who had radically altered his party's image and policies, noting the influence the paper could have over its readers' political thinking, had courted it (and Murdoch) for some time by granting exclusive interviews and writing columns.


Premise: What island did Great Britain lose in 1756?

Hypothesis: The British Royal Navy took the French sugar colonies of Guadeloupe in 1759 and Martinique in 1762 as well as the Spanish cities of Havana in Cuba, and Manila in the Philippines, both prominent Spanish colonial cities.


Premise: What year did the IASP respond to the need to create a more useful system for describing pain?

Hypothesis: However, this system has been criticized by Clifford J. Woolf and others as inadequate for guiding research and treatment.


Premise: How long after a published notice of the listing may a public hearing regarding the listing be requested?

Hypothesis: A public hearing is mandatory if any person has requested one within 45 days of the published notice.


Premise: In what field is the Alexander Graham Bell Medal given out?

Hypothesis: Since 1976 the IEEE's Alexander Graham Bell Medal has been awarded to honor outstanding contributions in the field of telecommunications.


Premise: What was referred to as the "Mass Movement"?

Hypothesis: This ability was put to a test several times during his reign, notably during the Croatian Spring (also referred as the Masovni pokret, maspok, meaning "Mass Movement") when the government suppressed both public demonstrations and dissenting opinions within the Communist Party.


Premise: In what year was Coker v. Georgia decided?

Hypothesis: In 1977, the Supreme Court's Coker v. Georgia decision barred the death penalty for rape of an adult woman, and implied that the death penalty was inappropriate for any offense against another person other than murder.


Premise: How many engineering colleges are in Rajasthan?

Hypothesis: There are 41 engineering colleges with an annual enrollment of about 11,500 students.


Premise: Who stripped the previous record?

Hypothesis: Later, Chyna became the first female to hold a belt that was not exclusive to women when she won the Intercontinental Championship.


Premise: In the last 40 years, how much has worldwide paper consumption risen?

Hypothesis: Worldwide consumption of paper has risen by 400% in the past 40 years leading to increase in deforestation, with 35% of harvested trees being used for paper manufacture.


Premise: What was the Cathedral's name from early in the Reconquista?

Hypothesis: The Valencia Cathedral was called Iglesia Mayor in the early days of the Reconquista, then Iglesia de la Seo (Seo is from the Latin sedes, i.e., (archiepiscopal) See), and by virtue of the papal concession of 16 October 1866, it was called the Basilica Metropolitana.


Premise: What is the common term for an IFGET?

Hypothesis: The IGFET is more commonly known as a metal–oxide–semiconductor FET (MOSFET), reflecting its original construction from layers of metal (the gate), oxide (the insulation), and semiconductor.


Premise: what is the alloy of copper and nickel used for?

Hypothesis: The alloy of copper and nickel, called cupronickel, is used in low-denomination coins, often for the outer cladding.


Premise: How did Frederick protect Silesia when he went to invade Saxony?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, Frederick and Field Marshal Keith would make for Dresden.


Premise: Who first used the term Serbo-Croatian in 1824?

Hypothesis: Croatian linguist Dalibor Brozović advocated the term Serbo-Croatian as late as 1988, claiming that in an analogy with Indo-European, Serbo-Croatian does not only name the two components of the same language, but simply charts the limits of the region in which it is spoken and includes everything between the limits (‘Bosnian’ and ‘Montenegrin’).


Premise: Which type of schooling can be most expensive?

Hypothesis: Open education is fast growing to become the dominant form of education, for many reasons such as its efficiency and results compared to traditional methods.


Premise: How did chloroplast appear in first vegetation?

Hypothesis: Later on, some eukaryotes that already contained mitochondria also engulfed cyanobacterial-like organisms.


Premise: Who provided notable documentation of the war?

Hypothesis: Notable documentation of the war was provided by William Howard Russell (writing for The Times newspaper) and the photographs of Roger Fenton.:306–309 News from war correspondents reached all nations involved in the war and kept the public citizenry of those nations better informed of the day-to-day events of the war than had been the case in any other war to that date.


Premise: What did Napoleon's senior officers and marshals do when he suggested they march on Paris?

Hypothesis: While the ordinary soldiers and regimental officers wanted to fight on, without any senior officers or marshals any prospective invasion of Paris would have been impossible.


Premise: From where did high grade Archean rocks originate?

Hypothesis: Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic rocks.


Premise: Does the Football Association say about the management of the Premier League?

Hypothesis: The Football Association is not directly involved in the day-to-day operations of the Premier League, but has veto power as a special shareholder during the election of the chairman and chief executive and when new rules are adopted by the league.


Premise: What medal did Faisal Jeylani Aweys win in the 2013 Open World Taekwondo Challenge Cup?

Hypothesis: In the martial arts, Faisal Jeylani Aweys and Mohamed Deq Abdulle also took home a silver medal and fourth place, respectively, at the 2013 Open World Taekwondo Challenge Cup in Tongeren.


Premise: Which river runs through the university's campus?

Hypothesis: Other notable places include Elizabeth Fort, the Cork Opera House, Christ Church on South Main Street (now the Triskel Arts Centre and original site of early Hiberno-Norse church), St Mary's Dominican Church on Popes Quay and Fitzgerald's Park to the west of the city, which contains the Cork Public Museum.


Premise: What crime increased in the Tucson area in 1877?

Hypothesis: Brazelton had been suspected of highway robbery not only in the Tucson area, but also in the Prescott region and Silver City, New Mexico area as well.


Premise: Which party rebelled against the administration?

Hypothesis: A new rebellion led by the Lerdista party was orchestrated from exile in the United States.


Premise: In 2001, what percent of Nigeria's population was Muslim?

Hypothesis: According to a 2001 report from The World Factbook by CIA, about 50% of Nigeria's population is Muslim, 40% are Christians and 10% adhere to local religions.


Premise: Which genre did Madonna started out in?

Hypothesis: Stephen Thomas Erlewine noted that with her self-titled debut album, Madonna began her career as a disco diva, in an era that did not have any such divas to speak of.


Premise: In what year did Universal sell its 360-acre lot to MCA?

Hypothesis: MCA owned the studio lot, but not Universal Pictures, yet was increasingly influential on Universal's product.


Premise: In what year was the stage musical My Fair Lady, set in turn-of-the-century London, made into a major motion picture?

Hypothesis: London has been the setting for films including Oliver Twist (1948), Scrooge (1951), Peter Pan (1953), The 101 Dalmatians (1961), My Fair Lady (1964), Mary Poppins (1964), Blowup (1966), The Long Good Friday (1980), Notting Hill (1999), Love Actually (2003), V For Vendetta (2005), Sweeney Todd:


Premise: How many of the original Premier League players in the 1992-93 season hailed from outside the UK or Ireland?

Hypothesis: At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93, just eleven players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches hailed from outside of the United Kingdom or Ireland.


Premise: What type of axioms were used by von Neumann in his lattice work?

Hypothesis: Anyone wishing to get an unforgettable impression of the razor edge of von Neumann's mind, need merely try to pursue this chain of exact reasoning for himself—realizing that often five pages of it were written down before breakfast, seated at a living room writing-table in a bathrobe."


Premise: Chopin's polonaise often have what kind of rhythm in their melodies?

Hypothesis: Chopin's polonaises show a marked advance on those of his Polish predecessors in the form (who included his teachers Zywny and Elsner).


Premise: What combines "grain radical" with the "mouth radical"?

Hypothesis: In modern usage, there is a graphic distinction between tā (她 "she") with the "woman radical", tā (牠 "it") with the "animal radical", tā (它 "it") with the "roof radical", and tā (祂 "He") with the "deity radical", One consequence of modifying radicals is the fossilization of rare and obscure variant logographs, some of which are not even used in Classical Chinese.


Premise: Who was noted for his complex improvisations?

Hypothesis: J.S. Bach was particularly noted for his complex improvisations.


Premise: What is the target demographic of the rhythmic oldies format?

Hypothesis: A more elaborate form of urban AC is the rhythmic oldies format, which focuses primarily on "old school" R&B and soul hits from the 1960s to the 1990s, including Motown and disco hits.


Premise: What is one way a match can end?

Hypothesis: A professional wrestling match can end in a draw.


Premise: What Schumann suite contained the name of a piece Schumann named for Chopin?

Hypothesis: Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann.


Premise: What caused Quaker and Methodist preachers to want to free slaves?

Hypothesis: Revolutionary ideals led many men to free their slaves, some by deed and others by will, so that from 1782 to 1810, the percentage of free people of color rose from less than one percent to nearly 10 percent of blacks in the South.


Premise: When did the Jewish presence dwindle in the region?

Hypothesis: Through the 5th and 6th centuries, the dramatic events of the repeated Samaritan revolts reshaped the land, with massive destruction to Byzantine Christian and Samaritan societies and a resulting decrease of the population.


Premise: The NVA was aided by military and financial aid from what two countries?

Hypothesis: The NVA received substantial military and economic aid from the Soviet Union and China, turning Vietnam into a proxy war.


Premise: Which country lies on Congo's northwest border?

Hypothesis: The Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as Congo, Congo Republic, West Congo[citation needed], or Congo-Brazzaville, is a country located in Central Africa.


Premise: Why is adding two characters at the ned of a line problemsome?

Hypothesis: Unfortunately, requiring two characters to mark the end of a line introduces unnecessary complexity and questions as to how to interpret each character when encountered alone.


Premise: When did Microsoft release the beta version of Windows 8.1?

Hypothesis: Following a presentation devoted to the upgrade at Build 2013, a public beta version of the upgrade was released on June 26, 2013.


Premise: Morphine was named after what Greek god?

Hypothesis: Rational drug discovery from plants started particularly with the isolation of morphine, analgesic and sleep-inducing agent from opium, by the German apothecary assistant Friedrich Sertürner, who named the compound after the Greek god of dreams, Morpheus.


Premise: How high can compression rates go?

Hypothesis: The use of audio modems in the transmission line allow for the use of POTS, or the Plain Old Telephone System, in some low-speed applications, such as videotelephony, because they convert the digital pulses to/from analog waves in the audio spectrum range.


Premise: What senator did Kerry investigate in 1978?

Hypothesis: In January 1977, Droney promoted him to First Assistant District Attorney, essentially making Kerry his campaign and media surrogate because Droney was afflicted with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig's Disease).


Premise: Who wrote the Ordinances of 1541?

Hypothesis: His Ordinances of 1541 involved a collaboration of Church affairs with the City council and consistory to bring morality to all areas of life.


Premise: What percentage of the European population consisted of monks?

Hypothesis: Throughout the period monks remained a very small proportion of the population, usually less than one per cent.


Premise: What are often called psychoacoustic models?

Hypothesis: Once transformed, typically into the frequency domain, component frequencies can be allocated bits according to how audible they are.


Premise: LED lighting is the end result of what phenomenon?

Hypothesis: Electroluminescence as a phenomenon was discovered in 1907 by the British experimenter H. J. Round of Marconi Labs, using a crystal of silicon carbide and a cat's-whisker detector.


Premise: What Iranian nationalized industry has been noncompetitive and managed badly?

Hypothesis: However, nationalized industries such as the bonyads have often been managed badly, making them ineffective and uncompetitive with years.


Premise: Where in the bulb is evaporated tungsten deposited when a vacuum is used?

Hypothesis: When a filling of inert gas is used, the evaporated tungsten is carried in the thermal convection currents of the gas, depositing preferentially on the uppermost part of the envelope and blackening just that portion of the envelope.


Premise: The Big Bang model is solidly established in what?

Hypothesis: Little is known about the earliest moments of the universe's history.


Premise: How did Chavez affect the Venezuelans?

Hypothesis: The largest concentration of Venezuelans in the United States is in South Florida, especially the suburbs of Doral and Weston.


Premise: Where are the Athabasca oil sands located?

Hypothesis: The world's largest deposit of natural bitumen, known as the Athabasca oil sands is located in the McMurray Formation of Northern Alberta.


Premise: What was Serbo-Croatian the official language for in the 20th century?

Hypothesis: Serbo-Croatian was standardized in the mid-19th-century Vienna Literary Agreement by Croatian and Serbian writers and philologists, decades before a Yugoslav state was established.


Premise: What type of snakes are common in Gash Barka?

Hypothesis: In Gash Barka, deadly snakes like saw-scaled viper are common.


Premise: On what dates did Seattle experience a snow event of 6 feet?

Hypothesis: From January 31 to February 2, 1916, another heavy snow event occurred with 29 in (74 cm) of snow on the ground by the time the event was over.


Premise: When did Ptolemy declare himself King Ptolemy I?

Hypothesis: In 305 BC, he declared himself King Ptolemy I, later known as "Soter" (saviour) for his role in helping the Rhodians during the siege of Rhodes.


Premise: In what community is the Miami Herald currently located?

Hypothesis: The newspapers are now headquartered at the former home of U.S. Southern Command in Doral.


Premise: What characteristic determined the proportions of the bricks?

Hypothesis: The people of this civilization made bricks whose dimensions were in the proportion 4:2:1, considered favorable for the stability of a brick structure.


Premise: the east india company changed how it did business by moving from  focusing on royal patronage to what type of business?

Hypothesis: The company, which benefited from the imperial patronage, soon expanded its commercial trading operations, eclipsing the Portuguese Estado da Índia, which had established bases in Goa, Chittagong, and Bombay, which Portugal later ceded to England as part of the dowry of Catherine de Braganza.


Premise: Who was the leader of the American Idol band in season five?

Hypothesis: From season four to season nine, the American Idol band was led by Rickey Minor; from season ten onwards, Ray Chew.


Premise: South Slavic people consist of which nationalities?

Hypothesis: Modern Slavic nations and ethnic groups are considerably diverse both genetically and culturally, and relations between them – even within the individual ethnic groups themselves –


Premise: To indicate something is feasible in Polish, what word could be used?

Hypothesis: For example, the English actual should not be confused with the cognate French actuel ("present", "current"), the Polish aktualny ("present", "current," "topical," "timely," "feasible"), the Swedish aktuell ("topical", "presently of importance"), the Russian актуальный ("urgent", "topical") or the Dutch actueel.


Premise: What was the RSFSR government called starting in 1946?

Hypothesis: The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR" and the last by Boris Yeltsin as both head of government and head of state under the title "President".


Premise: Who raised Victoria?

Hypothesis: She inherited the throne aged 18, after her father's three elder brothers had all died, leaving no surviving legitimate children.


Premise: Who founded the first Baptist group in what is now the United States?

Hypothesis: In 1638, Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies.


Premise: What case was the concept relevant?

Hypothesis: The centrality of the "separation" concept to the Religion Clauses of the Constitution was made explicit in Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 (1947), a case dealing with a New Jersey law that allowed government funds to pay for transportation of students to both public and Catholic schools.


Premise: Which singer did an ad for the LD-700 player in 1984?

Hypothesis: For the 1980 launch of the first Universal-Pioneer player, the VP-1000 was noted as a "laser disc player", although the "LaserDisc" logo displayed clearly on the device.


Premise: For both men and women average life expectancy is how many years?

Hypothesis: Life expectancy at birth was 53.06 years total (51.43 for males and 54.73 for females).


Premise: When was The Unknown Warrior buried?

Hypothesis: He was buried in the abbey on 11 November 1920.


Premise: Many insects are able to see visible light, ultraviolet, and what other kind of light?

Hypothesis: Most insects, except some species of cave crickets, are able to perceive light and dark.


Premise: What were two of Dick Dale's better known songs?

Hypothesis: Electric blues guitarists began experimenting with hard rock elements such as driving rhythms, distorted guitar solos and power chords in the 1950s, evident in the work of Memphis blues guitarists such as Joe Hill Louis, Willie Johnson, and particularly Pat Hare, who captured a "grittier, nastier, more ferocious electric guitar sound" on records such as James Cotton's "Cotton Crop Blues" (1954).


Premise: Where was the new Liverpool FC stadium located in 1879?

Hypothesis: In 1882, a man named J. Cruitt donated land at Priory Road which became the club's home before they moved to Anfield, which was Everton's home until 1892.


Premise: What is the Marshall Islands often threatened with?

Hypothesis: The threat of drought is commonplace throughout the island chains.


Premise: What does Augustine call time in Confessions 11.26?

Hypothesis: In Book 11 of his Confessions, St. Augustine of Hippo ruminates on the nature of time, asking, "What then is time?


Premise: Agriculture varies across the state because of the variation in what?

Hypothesis: Agriculture is a relatively small component of the state's economy and varies greatly due to the varying climate across the state.


Premise: What rank does Greece hold for the condition of mothers and new born babies?

Hypothesis: In 2010, there were 138 hospitals with 31,000 beds in the country, but on 1 July 2011, the Ministry for Health and Social Solidarity announced its plans to decrease the number to 77 hospitals with 36,035 beds, as a necessary reform to reduce expenses and further enhance healthcare standards.[disputed – discuss]


Premise: On what peninsula is Greece located?

Hypothesis: Greece is strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa.


Premise: When did the UN recommend the Partition Plan?

Hypothesis: On 29 November 1947, the United Nations General Assembly recommended the adoption and implementation of the Partition Plan for Mandatory Palestine.


Premise: About how many birds are released onto shooting estates every year in the UK?

Hypothesis: Shooting as practised in Britain, as opposed to traditional hunting, requires little questing for game—around thirty-five million birds are released onto shooting estates every year, some having been factory farmed.


Premise: After fleeing France, where did Louis XVIII go?

Hypothesis: The unpopular Louis XVIII fled to Belgium after realizing he had little political support.


Premise: Where did Nigeria's 2012 GDP rank?

Hypothesis: The IMF further projects an 8% growth in the Nigerian economy in 2011.


Premise: CBC was eclusive carrier of what other sport during the 2004-2005 season?

Hypothesis: It was also the exclusive carrier of Canadian Curling Association events during the 2004–2005 season.


Premise: Who was expelled from Valencia after James I's victory?

Hypothesis: James I granted the city new charters of law, the Furs of Valencia, which later were extended to the whole kingdom of Valencia.


Premise: What particular pollutant was Schwarzenegger addressing with his 2006 executive order?

Hypothesis: They plan to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by issuing a limited amount of carbon credits to each power plant in participating states.


Premise: In 1961 IBM's nondiscrimination policy was expanded to include what?

Hypothesis: In 1961, IBM's nondiscrimination policy was expanded to include sex, national origin, and age.


Premise: In what year was Tito reelected president of Yugoslavia for the sixth time?

Hypothesis: In 1971, Tito was re-elected as President of Yugoslavia by the Federal Assembly for the sixth time.


Premise: What do some people think we need more of to prevent for-profit providers of TB treatment from over-prescribing?

Hypothesis: Mark Dybul: "we have the tools to end TB as a pandemic and public health threat on the planet, but we are not doing it.


Premise: In what year was the tantalum light filament invented?

Hypothesis: In 1902, the Siemens company developed a tantalum lamp filament.


Premise: Religious Ashkenazi Jews living in Israel follow the authority of whom in certain matters?

Hypothesis: Religious Ashkenazi Jews living in Israel are obliged to follow the authority of the chief Ashkenazi rabbi in halakhic matters.


Premise: Who descended from Romance-speaking Vlachs?

Hypothesis: The population of Moravian Wallachia also descend of this population.


Premise: What percentage of all African-Americans identify with Baptist denominations?

Hypothesis: Not only did blacks set up some independent congregations in the South before the American Civil War, freedmen quickly separated from white congregations and associations after the war.


Premise: What countries do most of the South American immigrants come from?

Hypothesis: Historically since the era of New Spain, many Filipinos settled in the city and have become integrated in Mexican society.


Premise: Who are the other makers from the Loar period?

Hypothesis: Other makers from the Loar period and earlier include Lyon and Healy, Vega and Larson Brothers.


Premise: The idea of culture in Europe in the 19th century reflected what during this time period?

Hypothesis: In other words, the idea of "culture" that developed in Europe during the 18th and early 19th centuries reflected inequalities within European societies.


Premise: How many workers did Dell plan to have at their Ottawa call center?

Hypothesis: Less than a year later, Dell planned to double its workforce to nearly 3,000 workers add a new building.


Premise: in what century was a school of polyphony established at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: During the reign of Francois I, the lute became popular in the French court, and a national musical printing house was established.


Premise: What time period corresponds with the Mississippian cultural phase in early Tennessee history?

Hypothesis: The area now known as Tennessee was first inhabited by Paleo-Indians nearly 12,000 years ago.


Premise: When was the current USAF dress uniform standardized?

Hypothesis: USAF personnel assigned to Base Honor Guard duties wear, for certain occasions, a modified version of the standard service dress uniform, but with silver trim on the sleeves and trousers, with the addition of a ceremonial belt (if necessary), wheel cap with silver trim and Hap Arnold Device, and a silver aiguillette placed on the left shoulder seam and all devices and accoutrement.


Premise: When was the first typewritter with a shift key created?

Hypothesis: The parentheses could not correspond to 9 and 0, however, because the place corresponding to 0 was taken by the space character.


Premise: What parts of society did the Reformation change?

Hypothesis: Language, education, religion and politics were transformed.


Premise: What kind of phonemes are soft sounds?

Hypothesis: This distinction is found between pairs of almost all consonants and is one of the most distinguishing features of the language.


Premise: What feature makes the Marshalls susceptible to harm due to rising sea levels?

Hypothesis: According to the president of Nauru, the Marshall Islands are the most endangered nation in the world due to flooding from climate change.


Premise: Which state became the most important to secure Bush's presidential election?

Hypothesis: Therefore, the outcome of the election hinged solely on the result in Ohio, regardless of the final totals elsewhere.


Premise: What instruments were used to make music by the Central Americans?

Hypothesis: This instrument is one of the very few stringed instruments known in the Americas prior to the introduction of European musical instruments; when played it produces a sound virtually identical to a jaguar's growl.


Premise: Lighting targets hidden by haze had to be done without what?

Hypothesis: It hoped to destroy morale by destroying the enemy's factories and public utilities as well as its food stocks (by attacking shipping).


Premise: What is a cause of death to birds during migration?

Hypothesis: It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funnelled on to specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea.


Premise: What gaming tables can often be found in pubs?

Hypothesis: Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to home or work, the availability of a particular beer, as a place to smoke (or avoid it), hosting a darts team, having a pool or snooker table, or appealing to friends.


Premise: What club has Arsenal have an increased rivalry since the 1980s?

Hypothesis: In addition, Arsenal and Manchester United developed a strong on-pitch rivalry in the late 1980s, which intensified in recent years when both clubs were competing for the Premier League title – so much so that a 2003 online poll by the Football Fans Census listed Manchester United as Arsenal's biggest rivals, followed by Tottenham and Chelsea.


Premise: Where do most in air collisions occur?

Hypothesis: Bird strike aviation records from the United States show most collisions occur below 600 m (2,000 ft) and almost none above 1,800 m (5,900 ft).


Premise: What temperature is needed for steam to react with methane?

Hypothesis: Hydrogen can be prepared in several different ways, but economically the most important processes involve removal of hydrogen from hydrocarbons.


Premise: Was there someone else that was preferred as Bishop?

Hypothesis: In the light of Mother F. A. Forbes research and reference to Pope Saint Gregory's writings, it would appear that Athanasius was constrained to be Bishop: She writes that when the Patriarch Alexander was on his death-bed he called Athanasius, who fled fearing he would be constrained to be made Bishop.


Premise: How many Africans were shipped to the US between 1492 to 1888?

Hypothesis: Approximately 12 million Africans were shipped to the Americas during the Atlantic slave trade from 1492 to 1888, with 11.5 million of those shipped to South America and the Caribbean.


Premise: What portion of Europe's territory is inhabited by Slavic-speaking communities?

Hypothesis: From the early 6th century they spread to inhabit most of Central and Eastern Europe and Southeast Europe, whilst Slavic mercenaries fighting for the Byzantines and Arabs settled Asia Minor and even as far as Syria.


Premise: Who did Bell invent the cord-free phone with?

Hypothesis: Both men later became full associates in the Volta Laboratory Association.


Premise: What number was Beyoncé on the Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters list?

Hypothesis: She was one of only three women on that list.


Premise: When did the Church of England separate from the Roman Catholic Church?

Hypothesis: Of those most critical of the Church's direction, some chose to stay and try to make constructive changes from within the Anglican Church.


Premise: When did the colonies collectively become a part of the Commonwealth  of Australia?

Hypothesis: When the Constitution of Australia came into force, the colonies collectively became states of the Commonwealth of Australia.


Premise: Fuel asked Chris Daughtry to become what?

Hypothesis: Chris Daughtry's performance of Fuel's "Hemorrhage (


Premise: Who did the pope appoint Bishop

Hypothesis: The importance of Utrecht as a centre of Christianity is illustrated by the election of the Utrecht-born Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens as pope in 1522 (the last non-Italian pope before John Paul II).


Premise: What Warner Brothers films were available in 16:9 aspect ratio Squeeze LDs?

Hypothesis: Titles include Unforgiven, Grumpy Old Men, The Fugitive, and Free Willy.


Premise: What score must an airman get on the US Air Force Fitness test to be able to opt out of one of the mandatory twice a year retests?

Hypothesis: Personnel may test once a year if he or she earns a score above a 90%.


Premise: How much was allocated?

Hypothesis: More than 50% of this expenditure was incurred on road construction since it was felt that without proper transport facilities, the process of planning and development could not be carried to the people, who mostly lived an isolated existence in far away areas.


Premise: What political party has the most members in Oklahoma?

Hypothesis: Spanning the southern and eastern parts of the United States, the area is known for politically and socially conservative views, even though Oklahoma has more voters registered with the Democratic Party than with any other party.


Premise: How often does The Christian Science monitor publish their magazine?

Hypothesis: The Christian Science Monitor, headquartered in Boston, was formerly a worldwide daily newspaper but ended publication of daily print editions in 2009, switching to continuous online and weekly magazine format publications.


Premise: What was the reaction of the crowd to the Everton replacement theme songs in 1994?

Hypothesis: Both were met with complete disapproval by Everton fans.


Premise: What other name does the North Carolina Road share with Daniel Boone's passage through the Cumberland Gap?

Hypothesis: The Trace was called the "North Carolina Road" or "Avery's Trace", and sometimes "The Wilderness Road" (although it should not be confused with Daniel Boone's "Wilderness Road" through the Cumberland Gap).


Premise: What animal does legend say Bern is named after?

Hypothesis: It has long been considered likely that the city was named after the Italian city of Verona, which at the time was known as Bern in Middle High German.


Premise: Whose method based knowledge on experiementation, which had to be witnessed?

Hypothesis: The Society played a large role in spreading Robert Boyle's experimental philosophy around Europe, and acted as a clearinghouse for intellectual correspondence and exchange.


Premise: What is the maximum percentage of seats a single party can control?

Hypothesis: Even though proportionality is confined to the proportional seats to prevent a part from being overrepresented, several restrictions apply in the assignation of the seats; namely, that no party can have more than 63% of all seats, both uninominal and plurinominal.


Premise: What was the new term for believers of Humanism philosophy?

Hypothesis: Renaissance humanism was an activity of cultural and educational reform engaged in by civic and ecclesiastical chancellors, book collectors, educators, and writers, who by the late fifteenth century began to be referred to as umanisti – "humanists".


Premise: When did Kanye debut his second effort in the fashion world?

Hypothesis: On March 6, 2012, West premiered a second fashion line at Paris Fashion Week.


Premise: Nigeria was under military rule for how long?

Hypothesis: Nigeria regained democracy in 1999 when it elected Olusegun Obasanjo, the former military head of state, as the new President of Nigeria.


Premise: What compromises mainly preventative measures?

Hypothesis: Today, computer security comprises mainly "preventive" measures, like firewalls or an exit procedure.


Premise: What schools had the biggest impact on the rising literacy rates in the Caliphate?

Hypothesis: The emergence of the maktab and madrasa institutions played a fundamental role in the relatively high literacy rates of the medieval Islamic world.


Premise: What do crickets do in order to attract or repel a mate?

Hypothesis: Other species communicate with sounds: crickets stridulate, or rub their wings together, to attract a mate and repel other males.


Premise: Who did the Lines of Communication wall fail to prevent from coming into London?

Hypothesis: After an initial advance by the Royalists in 1642 culminating in the battles of Brentford and Turnham Green, London was surrounded by defensive perimeter wall known as the Lines of Communication.


Premise: What film festival did Kanye West premier a film called "Cruel Summer"?

Hypothesis: Following a headlining set at Coachella 2011 that was described by The Hollywood Reporter as "one of greatest hip-hop sets of all time", West released the collaborative album Watch the Throne with Jay-Z.


Premise: What state declared its intention to withdraw from the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights?

Hypothesis: It has, for example, been held that it is not possible to withdraw from the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.


Premise: In what language were the Vedas ?

Hypothesis: In addition to the Vedas, the principal texts of Hinduism, the core themes of the Sanskrit epics Ramayana and Mahabharata are said to have their ultimate origins during this period.


Premise: What percentage of kids in the whole world get the BCG vaccine?

Hypothesis: Part of the reasoning against the use of the vaccine is that it makes the tuberculin skin test falsely positive, reducing the test's use in screening.


Premise: What did President Clinton claim would not be enough to give everyone in American equality?

Hypothesis: Clinton also mentioned a point similar to President Lyndon B. Johnson's "Freedom is not Enough" speech, and declared that just outlawing discrimination in the country would not be enough to give everyone in America equality.


Premise: Who threw a surprise pickoff attempt to third baseman Ron Santo?

Hypothesis: In a key play in the second game, on September 11, Cubs starter Dick Selma threw a surprise pickoff attempt to third baseman Ron Santo, who was nowhere near the bag or the ball.


Premise: Why does the mRNA match the sequence of the gene's DNA coding strand?

Hypothesis: The mRNA acts as an intermediate between the DNA gene and its final protein product.


Premise: Which month is the driest?

Hypothesis: Early fall and late winter are generally dry; February's average of 2.64 inches (67 mm) makes it the area's driest month.


Premise: What does NBS stand for?

Hypothesis: In Newcastle is the NBS, the National Building Specification, which has 130 staff and deals with the building regulations and the Construction Information Service.


Premise: When eth is replaced, what is it replaced by?

Hypothesis: The modern forms of Latin letters are used, including ⟨g⟩ in place of the insular G, ⟨s⟩ for long S, and others which may differ considerably from the insular script, notably ⟨e⟩, ⟨f⟩ and ⟨r⟩. Macrons are used to indicate long vowels, where usually no distinction was made between long and short vowels in the originals.


Premise: What is the causative spirochete of syphilis?

Hypothesis: For example, Treponema pallidum, the causative spirochete of syphilis, cannot be cultured in vitro - however the organism can be cultured in rabbit testes.


Premise: Which country prefers a bass turnover setting of 250-300 Hz?

Hypothesis: For example, in Europe recordings for years required playback with a bass turnover setting of 250–300 Hz and a treble roll-off at 10,000 Hz ranging from 0 to −5 dB or more.


Premise: Who maintains a standard of grouping for naming purposes?

Hypothesis: The nomenclature of botanical organisms is codified in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) and administered by the International Botanical Congress.


Premise: When was WKY granted a federal license?

Hypothesis: WKY received its federal license in 1921 and has continually broadcast under the same call letters since 1922.


Premise: What really helped to launch synthpop?

Hypothesis: Artists such as Gary Numan, the Human League, Soft Cell, John Foxx and Visage helped pioneer a new synthpop style that drew more heavily from electronic and synthesizer music and benefited from the rise of MTV.


Premise: What signified the end of Operation Killer?

Hypothesis: This was the city's fourth conquest in a years' time, leaving it a ruin; the 1.5 million pre-war population was down to 200,000, and people were suffering from severe food shortages.


Premise: When did Madonna perform at the Hope for Haiti Now?

Hypothesis: Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief concert in January 2010.


Premise: Camillo di Cavour sent how many troops to aid the French and British forces?

Hypothesis: Camillo di Cavour, under orders of Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont-Sardinia, sent an expeditionary corps of 15,000 soldiers, commanded by General Alfonso La Marmora, to side with French and British forces during the war.:111–12 This was an attempt at gaining the favour of the French, especially when the issue of uniting Italy would become an important matter.


Premise: Where is there a deep water berth available on Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: The Manu Folau is a 50-metre vessel that was a gift from Japan to the people of Tuvalu.


Premise: Elements in a half wave dipole and on an identical axis are said to be what?

Hypothesis: Another common design is the folded dipole, which is essentially two dipoles placed side-by-side and connected at their ends to make a single one-wavelength antenna.


Premise: An insect recalling a specific location for up to a year is called what?

Hypothesis: This can allow an insect to return unerringly to a single hole a few millimeters in diameter among thousands of apparently identical holes clustered together, after a trip of up to several kilometers' distance.


Premise: Electricity production is expected to increase by what percentage each year for the next 25 years?

Hypothesis: Hydroelectric plants have the advantage of being long-lived and many existing plants have operated for more than 100 years.


Premise: Nusach Ari is used by whom?

Hypothesis: Two other major forms of nusach among Ashkenazic Jews are Nusach Sefard (not to be confused with the Sephardic ritual), which is the general Polish Hasidic nusach, and Nusach Ari, as used by Lubavitch Hasidim.


Premise: When did New York City annex Kingsbridge?

Hypothesis: In 1873, the state legislature annexed Kingsbridge, West Farms and Morrisania to New York, effective in 1874; the three towns were abolished in the process.


Premise: What is a common opinion about men wearing women's clothing?

Hypothesis: It is generally acceptable for a woman to wear traditionally male clothing, while the converse is unusual.


Premise: What is the ratio of human/bacteria cells in human flora?

Hypothesis: The vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective effects of the immune system, and some are beneficial.


Premise: Who stated that they did not want to cause damage to the Internet Archive?

Hypothesis: On April 25, 2007, Internet Archive and Suzanne Shell jointly announced the settlement of their lawsuit.


Premise: What is the only known gateway between Twilight Realm & Hyrule?

Hypothesis: Now able to use it to switch between both forms at will, Link is led by Midna to the Mirror of Twilight located deep within the Gerudo Desert, the only known gateway between the Twilight Realm and Hyrule.


Premise: What first-ever game did Northwestern host in 1939?

Hypothesis: Northwestern played host to the first-ever NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship game in 1939 in the original Patten Gymnasium, which was later demolished and relocated farther north along with the Dearborn Observatory to make room for the Technological Institute.


Premise: When was Brazil colonized?

Hypothesis: Child labour has been a consistent struggle for children in Brazil ever since the country was colonized on April 22, 1550 by Pedro Álvares Cabral.


Premise: When did The Partyja BDF start?

Hypothesis: The Partyja BPF (Belarusian Popular Front) was established in 1988 as a political party and cultural movement for democracy and independence, à la the Baltic republics’ popular fronts.


Premise: What was the ethnicity of Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling?

Hypothesis: Beginning with Immanuel Kant, German idealists such as G. W. F. Hegel, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, and Arthur Schopenhauer dominated 19th-century philosophy.


Premise: What month did Kelly Clarkson win?

Hypothesis: The final showdown was between Justin Guarini, one of the early favorites, and Kelly Clarkson.


Premise: During Prohibition how high was Nucky Johnson's income?

Hypothesis: It was during Prohibition that racketeer and political boss Enoch L. "Nucky" Johnson rose to power.


Premise: On what day were nine people killed in the Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church?

Hypothesis: On June 17, 2015, 21-year-old Dylann Roof entered the historic Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church during a Bible study and killed nine people.


Premise: When did Shunzhi's death?

Hypothesis: After a promising start, Shunzhi's reign was cut short by his early death in 1661 at the age of twenty-four from smallpox.


Premise: Who were the three prominent families during the rise of the warrior classes?

Hypothesis: The Fujiwara family, Taira clan, and Minamoto clan were among the most prominent families supported by the new military class.


Premise: How did the US react to these discoveries?

Hypothesis: The files detailed the FBI's extensive COINTELPRO program, which included investigations into lives of ordinary citizens—including a black student group at a Pennsylvania military college and the daughter of Congressman Henry Reuss of Wisconsin.


Premise: How old was Victoria when she was introduced to Albert?

Hypothesis: Victoria wrote to her uncle Leopold, whom Victoria considered her "best and kindest adviser", to thank him "for the prospect of great happiness you have contributed to give me, in the person of dear Albert ...


Premise: Who did the Greek basketball team beat in the 2006 FIBA World Championship?

Hypothesis: After the 2005 European Championship triumph of the Greek national basketball team, Greece became the reigning European Champion in both football and basketball.


Premise: Who won the first and second cups?

Hypothesis: After thirteen games in all, Wanderers were crowned the winners in the final, on 16 March 1872.


Premise: Boston was overtaken by Salem, Massachusetts in what type of trade?

Hypothesis: Boston was an early port of the Atlantic triangular slave trade in the New England colonies, but was soon overtaken by Salem, Massachusetts and Newport, Rhode Island.


Premise: When was the Arab-Israeli War launched?

Hypothesis: According to Benny Morris, Jews felt that the invading Arab armies aimed to slaughter the Jews.


Premise: Who was Chanakya?

Hypothesis: The city of Taxila, founded by son of Taksh the son Bharat who was the brother of Ram.


Premise: What did a study claim about the beliefs of faculty members on increased diversity?

Hypothesis: According to a study by Geoffrey Maruyama and José F. Moreno, the results showed that faculty members believed diversity helps students to reach the essential goals of a college education, Caucasian students suffer no detrimental effects from classroom diversity, and that attention to multicultural learning improves the ability of colleges and universities to accomplish their missions.


Premise: Silkworms are used by humans for producing what?

Hypothesis: Insect pollinators are essential to the life-cycle of many flowering plant species on which most organisms, including humans, are at least partly dependent; without them, the terrestrial portion of the biosphere (including humans) would be devastated.


Premise: Who led the final Greek resistance?

Hypothesis: The Attalid dynasty of Pergamum lasted little longer; a Roman ally until the end, its final king Attalus III died in 133 BC without an heir, and taking the alliance to its natural conclusion, willed Pergamum to the Roman Republic.


Premise: What demographic do hot AC stations featuring more pop and alternative rock focus on?

Hypothesis: Some Hot AC stations concentrate slightly more on pop music and alternative rock to target the Generation Z audience, though they include the more youth-oriented teen pop, urban and rhythmic dance tracks.


Premise: How long after Digimon Fusion was a new series announced?

Hypothesis: A new Digimon series was announced 30 months after the end of Digimon Fusion at a 15th anniversary concert and theater event for the franchise in August 2014.


Premise: In what year did Turner Classic Movies appear on Canadian cable television?

Hypothesis: In Canada, TCM began to be carried on Shaw Cable and satellite provider Shaw Direct in 2005.


Premise: What did Romans use as decorations for their winter solstice celebration called Saturnalia?

Hypothesis: Green is one of the Christmas colors as well, possibly dating back to pre-Christian times, when evergreens were worshiped for their ability to maintain their color through the winter season.


Premise: The Iranian Parliament lets who exploit mines without guidance from the Department of the Environment?

Hypothesis: The Iranian Parliament has been showing disregard for wildlife by passing laws and regulations such as the act that lets the Ministry of Industries and Mines exploit mines without the involvement of the Department of Environment, and by approving large national development projects without demanding comprehensive study of their impact on wildlife habitats.


Premise: Bermuda is closest (in nautical miles) to which US state?

Hypothesis: Bermuda is a group of low-forming volcanoes located in the Atlantic Ocean, near the western edge of the Sargasso Sea, roughly 578 nautical miles (1,070 km (665 mi))


Premise: How is asthma classified?

Hypothesis: Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.


Premise: What are the two most prominent theatres in Nanjing?

Hypothesis: Most of Nanjing's major theatres are multi-purpose, used as convention halls, cinemas, musical halls and theatres on different occasions.


Premise: What are MES-1, MES-2, AND MES-3A AND MES-3B part of?

Hypothesis: Other standardized subsets of Unicode include the Multilingual European Subsets: MES-1 (Latin scripts only, 335 characters), MES-2 (Latin, Greek and Cyrillic 1062 characters) and MES-3A & MES-3B (two larger subsets, not shown here).


Premise: What is the variance in bitumen content rock asphalt?

Hypothesis: Selenizza is a naturally occurring solid hydrocarbon bitumen found in the native asphalt deposit of Selenice, in Albania, the only European asphalt mine still in use.


Premise: From which language did the Tsakonian language derive?

Hypothesis: Greece is today relatively homogeneous in linguistic terms, with a large majority of the native population using Greek as their first or only language.


Premise: The Erector Square complex is a gallery that is located where?

Hypothesis: The Erector Square complex in the Fair Haven neighborhood houses the Parachute Factory gallery along with numerous artist studios, and the complex serves as an active destination during City-Wide Open Studios held yearly in October.


Premise: Due to the danger the Captian Every put the trading abiliy of East India Company what  Act would he never qualify for that other pirate were later offered?

Hypothesis: The plunder of Aurangzeb's treasure ship had serious consequences for the English East India Company.


Premise: Who did BMG partner with in 2005-2007?

Hypothesis: In 2005-2007, BMG partnered with Sony Music Entertainment to form a joint venture known as Sony BMG Music Entertainment.


Premise: Where has transnational policing become more important?

Hypothesis: Police development-aid to weak, failed or failing states is another form of transnational policing that has garnered attention.


Premise: What element made Oasis unique among 1990s Britpop bands?

Hypothesis: While these few hard rock bands managed to maintain success and popularity in the early part of the decade, alternative forms of hard rock achieved mainstream success in the form of grunge in the US and Britpop in the UK.


Premise: Which two companies provide internet and data transport to Alaska?

Hypothesis: Alaska's internet and other data transport systems are provided largely through the two major telecommunications companies: GCI and Alaska Communications.


Premise: What sort of conservative was Eisenhower?

Hypothesis: He otherwise left most political activity to his Vice President, Richard Nixon.


Premise: How many coconuts are required to produce 1 liter of coconut oil?

Hypothesis: On September 15, 2007, Witon Barry (of the Tobolar Copra processing plant in the Marshall Islands capital of Majuro) said power authorities, private companies, and entrepreneurs had been experimenting with coconut oil as alternative to diesel fuel for vehicles, power generators, and ships.


Premise: What was the governing position limited to?

Hypothesis: The election privilege was usually limited to elites.


Premise: Southampton was important to transit between Winchester and what other region in England in the 11th century?

Hypothesis: Following the Norman Conquest in 1066, Southampton became the major port of transit between the then capital of England, Winchester, and Normandy.


Premise: Which prominent journalist was victim of the killings?

Hypothesis: Victims included the civil governors of all four Galician provinces; Juana Capdevielle, the wife of the governor of A Coruña; mayors such as Ánxel Casal of Santiago de Compostela, of the Partido Galeguista; prominent socialists such as Jaime Quintanilla in Ferrol and Emilio Martínez Garrido in Vigo; Popular Front deputies Antonio Bilbatúa, José Miñones, Díaz Villamil, Ignacio Seoane, and former deputy Heraclio Botana); soldiers who had not joined the rebellion, such as Generals Rogelio Caridad Pita and Enrique Salcedo Molinuevo and Admiral Antonio Azarola; and the founders of the PG, Alexandre Bóveda and Víctor Casas, as well as other professionals akin to republicans and nationalists, as the journalist Manuel Lustres Rivas or physician Luis Poza Pastrana.


Premise: The Han court replaced several kings with members of what royal family?

Hypothesis: Kings were no longer able to appoint their own staff; this duty was assumed by the imperial court.


Premise: What is the Forney Library dedicated to?

Hypothesis: The Sainte-Geneviève Library is in 5th arrondissement; designed by Henri Labrouste and built in the mid-1800s, it contains a rare book and manuscript division.


Premise: What is the wettest season in Charleston?

Hypothesis: Measurable snow (≥0.1 in or 0.25 cm) only occurs several times per decade at the most, with the last such event occurring December 26, 2010.


Premise: Which system used a pair of trackers?

Hypothesis: The British Wilson-Dalby gun director used a pair of trackers and mechanical tachymetry; the operator entered the fuse length, and deflection angles were read from the instruments.


Premise: What is the best means of estimating the historical growth of character inventory?

Hypothesis: The total number of Chinese characters from past to present remains unknowable because new ones are developed all the time – for instance, brands may create new characters when none of the existing ones allow for the intended meaning.


Premise: When did the First Aliyah begin?

Hypothesis: The first wave of modern Jewish migration to Ottoman-ruled Palestine, known as the First Aliyah, began in 1881, as Jews fled pogroms in Eastern Europe.


Premise: Charged ions can be used to produce what in glass?

Hypothesis: Color in glass may be obtained by addition of electrically charged ions (or color centers) that are homogeneously distributed, and by precipitation of finely dispersed particles (such as in photochromic glasses).


Premise: How many people from the pre-election meeting in Lviv were detained?

Hypothesis: On March 12, A pre-election meeting organized in Lviv by the Ukrainian Helsinki Union and the Marian Society Myloserdia (Compassion) was violently dispersed, and nearly 300 people were detained.


Premise: How many terrestrial species died during the extinction?

Hypothesis: The lower (Triassic) boundary is set by the Permian–Triassic extinction event, during which approximately 90% to 96% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrates became extinct.


Premise: What did the instituting of these policies lead to?

Hypothesis: These policies have led to social unrest and to confrontations between several institutions, namely between the Government and the Constitutional Court.