Premise: What was the date of Queen Victorias death?

Hypothesis: Following a custom she maintained throughout her widowhood, Victoria spent the Christmas of 1900 at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight.


Premise: What debt did the ECB focus on abtaining?

Hypothesis: The ECB always could, and through the late summer of 2011 did, purchase bonds issued by the weaker states even though it assumes, in doing so, the risk of a deteriorating balance sheet.


Premise: Who is the earliest king that is authenticated by actual physical evidence and not just legend?

Hypothesis: The earliest king authenticated through archaeological evidence is Enmebaragesi of Kish


Premise: How many people were involved in the Baltic Chain?

Hypothesis: An estimated 2 million people joined hands to form a human chain extending 600 kilometres (370 mi) across Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, which had been forcibly reincorporated into the Soviet Union in 1944.


Premise: What is the July Monarchy?

Hypothesis: The July Monarchy was a period of liberal constitutional monarchy in France under King Louis-Philippe starting with the July Revolution (or Three Glorious Days) of 1830 and ending with the Revolution of 1848.


Premise: How many islands are along the rugged coastline of Zhejiang?

Hypothesis: There are also many bays, of which Hangzhou Bay is the largest.


Premise: Which Amiibo figure makes Link lose more health when attacked?

Hypothesis: Link and Toon Link replenish arrows, Zelda and Sheik restore Link's health, and Ganondorf causes Link to take twice as much damage.


Premise: What political problem did Montini feel he needed to address as a diplomat in Poland?

Hypothesis: Like Achille Ratti before him,[a] he felt confronted with the huge problem, not limited to Poland, of excessive nationalism: "This form of nationalism treats foreigners as enemies, especially foreigners with whom one has common frontiers.


Premise: What season is typically characterized as humid and warm in New Haven?

Hypothesis: Summers are humid and warm, with temperatures exceeding 90 °F (32 °C) on 7–8 days per year.


Premise: What area employs 15000 people in the couinty

Hypothesis: The towns of Taunton and Shepton Mallet are involved with the production of cider, especially Blackthorn Cider, which is sold nationwide, and there are specialist producers such as Burrow Hill Cider Farm and Thatchers Cider.


Premise: What did von Neuman's method use?

Hypothesis: Von Neumann's algorithm was the first interior point method of linear programming.


Premise: What type of buildings most prominently display the design aspects of the Gothic architectural style?

Hypothesis: It is in the architecture of these Gothic churches that a unique combination of existing technologies established the emergence of a new building style.


Premise: In what year did the Glorious Revolution occur?

Hypothesis: By 1740 the production of gin had increased to six times that of beer and because of its cheapness it became popular with the poor, leading to the so-called Gin Craze.


Premise: Who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918?

Hypothesis: Max Planck received the 1918 Nobel Prize in Physics "in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta".


Premise: Who led the Israeli Black Panthers?

Hypothesis: This has led to protest movements such as the Israeli Black Panthers led by Saadia Marciano a Moroccan Jew.


Premise: How long did it take to implement riding horses in a believable manner?

Hypothesis: Miyamoto explained in interviews that the graphical style was chosen to satisfy demand, and that it better fit the theme of an older incarnation of Link.


Premise: How many runways will be in the new airport?

Hypothesis: The new airport, which would have six runways, will cost $9.15 billion and would be built on vacant federal land east of Mexico City International Airport.


Premise: What minor things can be included and not invalidate a copyright?

Hypothesis: The mere addition of a word, or substitution of a term with another one believed to be more correct, usually does not achieve such level of originality/creativity.


Premise: How is alcohol measured in the human body?

Hypothesis: Different concentrations of alcohol in the human body have different effects on a person.


Premise: What are some prepatory schools for younger students

Hypothesis: Other schools provide education for children from the age of 3 or 4 years through to 18, such as King Edward's School, Bath, Queen's College, Taunton and Wells Cathedral School which is one of the five established musical schools for school-age children in Britain.


Premise: What does an herbivore eat?

Hypothesis: In an ecosystem, predation is a biological interaction where a predator (an organism that is hunting) feeds on its prey (the organism that is attacked).


Premise: Where did the government open access to?

Hypothesis: The government also opened access to the sealed ruins of the Beichuan county seat for three days, after which it will be frozen in time as a state earthquake relic museum, to remind people of the terrible disaster.


Premise: What was the Water Boiler that Feyman worked on?

Hypothesis: On completing this work he was transferred to the Oak Ridge facility, where he aided engineers in devising safety procedures for material storage so that criticality accidents (for example, due to sub-critical amounts of fissile material inadvertently stored in proximity on opposite sides of a wall) could be avoided.


Premise: What was the beginning date of the aerial raids on Great Britain?

Hypothesis: This was a result of a rapid escalation starting on 24 August 1940, when night bombers aiming for RAF airfields drifted off course and accidentally destroyed several London homes, killing civilians, combined with the UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill's retaliatory bombing of Berlin on the following night.[clarification needed]


Premise: Akkadian's language can be traced to the Semitic branch of what languages?

Hypothesis: There have been many failed attempts to connect Sumerian to other language groups.


Premise: What outcome did the accusations against the Christians produce?

Hypothesis: Christians saw these ungodly practices as a primary cause of economic and political crisis.


Premise: What type of window is often found above the main portal at cathedrals in France such as the Reims Cathedral?

Hypothesis: In France there is generally a rose window like that at Reims Cathedral.


Premise: What was the beginning of psychology classified as?

Hypothesis: The end of the 19th century marks the start of psychology as a scientific enterprise.


Premise: What was Foster's job title with the Chicago Blitz?

Hypothesis: In 1983, he began organizing the test game in his spare time from his job with the Blitz.


Premise: What is the name of the sheriff who shot William Whitney Brazelton?

Hypothesis: south of Tucson by Pima County Sheriff Charles A. Shibell and his citizen's posse.


Premise: What was MIT originally known as?

Hypothesis: Harvard University, the nation's oldest institute of higher education, is centered across the Charles River in Cambridge but has the majority of its land holdings and a substantial amount of its educational activities in Boston.


Premise: what type of drum machine did "acid tracks" use?

Hypothesis: Acid house arose from Chicago artists' experiments with the squelchy Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer, and the style's origins on vinyl is generally cited as Phuture's "Acid Tracks" (1987).


Premise: In what year was Napoleon's final tomb completed?

Hypothesis: In 1861, Napoleon's remains were entombed in a porphyry sarcophagus in the crypt under the dome at Les Invalides.


Premise: Which viral genome did Fiers sequence?

Hypothesis: In 1976, Walter Fiers at the University of Ghent (Belgium) was the first to establish the complete nucleotide sequence of a viral RNA-genome (Bacteriophage MS2).


Premise: Who choreographed Chopiniana?

Hypothesis: Chopin's music was used in the 1909 ballet Chopiniana, choreographed by Michel Fokine and orchestrated by Alexander Glazunov.


Premise: When was the History of the Florentine People published?

Hypothesis: Leonardo Bruni was the first historian to use tripartite periodisation in his History of the Florentine People (1442).


Premise: When was child labour first documented in Brazil?

Hypothesis: Child labour has been a consistent struggle for children in Brazil ever since the country was colonized on April 22, 1550 by Pedro Álvares Cabral.


Premise: Where does Catalan get its vowel system?

Hypothesis: Catalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish.


Premise: From what time has the Latin alphabet been used to transcribe Sanskrit?

Hypothesis: It is also possible to type using an alphanumeric keyboard and transliterate to Devanagari using software like Mac OS X's international support.


Premise: Which two continents that comprise a majority of the population worldwide don't observe DST?

Hypothesis: Only a minority of the world's population uses DST because Asia and Africa generally do not observe it.


Premise: What is the electrically insulting material that sheaths a-delta fiber?

Hypothesis: Because the A-delta fiber is thicker than the C fiber, and is thinly sheathed in an electrically insulating material (myelin), it carries its signal faster (5–30 m/s) than the unmyelinated C fiber (0.5–2 m/s).


Premise: What New Haven thoroughfare runs between Interstate 95, downtown, and the neighborhood known as The Hill?

Hypothesis: The Oak Street Connector (Route 34), running between Interstate 95, downtown, and The Hill neighborhood, was originally intended as a highway to the city's western suburbs but was only completed as a highway to the downtown area, with the area to the west becoming a boulevard


Premise: Where is the data for the NCIC located?

Hypothesis: It provides a main repository for information in various data systems.


Premise: Gandhi was a leader of what country?

Hypothesis: Tito met many world leaders during his rule, such as Soviet rulers Joseph Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid Brezhnev; Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, Indian politicians Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi; British Prime Ministers Winston Churchill, James Callaghan and Margaret Thatcher; U.S. Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter; other political leaders, dignitaries and heads of state that Tito met at least once in his lifetime included Che Guevara, Fidel Castro, Yasser Arafat, Willy Brandt, Helmut Schmidt, Georges Pompidou, Queen Elizabeth II, Hua Guofeng, Kim Il Sung, Sukarno, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Suharto, Idi Amin, Haile Selassie, Kenneth Kaunda, Gaddafi, Erich Honecker, Nicolae Ceaușescu, János Kádár and Urho Kekkonen.


Premise: The hit single "Amanda" was recorded by what band?

Hypothesis: What About Love" (1985) and "These Dreams" (1986), and Boston's "Amanda" (1986).


Premise: Which weapon caused a major shift in anti-aircraft strategy?

Hypothesis: Although Germany had been desperate to introduce anti-aircraft missile systems, none became operational during World War II.


Premise: What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2010 report?

Hypothesis: Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data.


Premise: What can be made from plant matter composed primarily of inedible celllose fibers thta form the stems and branches of most plants?

Hypothesis: Dedicated energy crops, such as switchgrass, are also promising cellulose sources that can be sustainably produced in many regions.


Premise: What did Beatrice do with the origional volumes of her mother's diaries?

Hypothesis: According to one of her biographers, Giles St Aubyn, Victoria wrote an average of 2,500 words a day during her adult life.


Premise: What resolution are videos sold through this service?

Hypothesis: With the exception of short clips, content is not currently available for streaming, and must be downloaded.


Premise: At whose inauguration did she perform the National Anthem?

Hypothesis: The film, which she directed and produced herself, featured footage from her childhood, her as a mother and businesswoman, recording, rehearsing for live performances, and her return to the spotlight following Blue Ivy's birth.


Premise: Who does The Health Services Group serve?

Hypothesis: The Health Services Group is a joint formation that includes over 120 general or specialized units and detachments providing health services to the Canadian Armed Forces.


Premise: When was Houston Baptist University founded?

Hypothesis: Houston Baptist University, affiliated with the Baptist General Convention of Texas, offers bachelor's and graduate degrees.


Premise: IBM has worked with architects and designers such as Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, I.M. Pei, and Van der Rohe, name one  more.

Hypothesis: Van der Rohe's 330 North Wabash building in Chicago, the original center of the company's research division post-World War II, was recognized with the 1990 Honor Award from the National Building Museum.


Premise: From which time period did birds and reptiles began to appear from?

Hypothesis: The line following the stem group Sphenacodontia split-off several diverse groups of non-mammalian synapsids—sometimes referred to as mammal-like reptiles—before giving rise to the proto-mammals (Therapsida) in the early Mesozoic era.


Premise: Where were the slave-traders La Malinche was sold or given to from?

Hypothesis: As a child she had been sold or given to Maya slave-traders from Xicalango, and thus had become bilingual.


Premise: Heroic deeds are often a theme of what type of Rajasthani song?

Hypothesis: Folk music is a large part of Rajasthani culture.


Premise: How many sister cities does Philadelphia have?

Hypothesis: Renovations were made to Sister Cities Park in mid-2011 and on May 10, 2012, SCP was reopened and currently features an interactive fountain honoring Philadelphia's ten sister and friendship cities, a café and visitor's center, children's play area, outdoor garden, and boat pond, as well as pavilion built to environmentally friendly standards.


Premise: What  is asthma usually classified based on?

Hypothesis: While asthma is classified based on severity, at the moment there is no clear method for classifying different subgroups of asthma beyond this system.


Premise: Where does Oklahoma have a fine Egyptian art collection?

Hypothesis: The Oklahoma City Museum of Art contains the most comprehensive collection of glass sculptures by artist Dale Chihuly in the world, and Oklahoma City's National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum documents the heritage of the American Western frontier.


Premise: After what war were Germans expelled from their territories?

Hypothesis: Between 12 and 16,5 million ethnic Germans and German citizens were expelled westwards to allied-occupied Germany.


Premise: On what day did the Spanish see the island they named Corrales?

Hypothesis: On January 10, the Spaniards sighted another island that they named "Placeres", perhaps Ailuk; ten leagues away, they sighted another island that they called "Pajares" (perhaps Jemo).


Premise: Why did Darwin wonder why all of nature isn't chaotic and random?

Hypothesis: Why is not all nature in confusion, instead of the species being, as we see them, well defined?


Premise: What was the time span of the Roman Republic?

Hypothesis: The augurs read the will of the gods and supervised the marking of boundaries as a reflection of universal order, thus sanctioning Roman expansionism as a matter of divine destiny.


Premise: What is the Israeli term for prime minister?

Hypothesis: In the Russian constitution the prime minister is actually titled Chairman of the government while the Irish prime minister is called the Taoiseach (which is rendered into English as prime minister), and in Israel he is Rosh HaMemshalah meaning "head of the government".


Premise: Where was the capital located during the Western Han dynasty?

Hypothesis: The era from his reign until the fall of Han is known as the Eastern Han dynasty (simplified Chinese: 东汉; traditional Chinese: 東漢;


Premise: When were silver dollars first minted?

Hypothesis: Gold dollars were also minted in the 19th century.


Premise: When did the papacy of Innocent III begin?

Hypothesis: The papacy, long attached to an ideology of independence from secular kings, first asserted its claim to temporal authority over the entire Christian world; the Papal Monarchy reached its apogee in the early 13th century under the pontificate of Innocent III (pope 1198–1216).


Premise: Wher e is Lesley University College of Art and Desighn located?

Hypothesis: Metropolitan Boston is home to several conservatories and art schools, including Lesley University College of Art and Design, Massachusetts College of Art, the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, New England Institute of Art, New England School of Art and Design (Suffolk University), Longy School of Music of Bard College, and the New England Conservatory (the oldest independent conservatory in the United States).


Premise: In what year was Devil May Cry 4 added to the budget game offerings for PS3?

Hypothesis: As of October 2009 Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots, Ratchet & Clank Future: Tools of Destruction, Devil May


Premise: How did Gaddafi staff the RCC members?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi remained the government's public face, with the identities of the other RCC members only being publicly revealed on 10 January 1970.


Premise: What Psalm gives the words of Jesus on the cross?

Hypothesis: The only words of Jesus on the cross in the Mark and Matthew accounts, this is a quotation of Psalm 22.


Premise: What is the typical temperature range for a box cooker?

Hypothesis: A basic box cooker consists of an insulated container with a transparent lid.


Premise: What does halakha guide?

Hypothesis: There are though a number of halakhic meta-principles that guide the halakhic process and in an instance of opposition between a specific halakha and a meta-principle, the meta-principle often wins out .


Premise: On what date were the Belavezha Accords signed?

Hypothesis: On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords.


Premise: New Amsterdam became the title of New York City in what past date?

Hypothesis: New York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626.


Premise: How many containers can Longtan Containers Port Area handle?

Hypothesis: Nanjing is also the biggest container port along the Yangtze River; in March 2004, the one million container-capacity base, Longtan Containers Port Area opened, further consolidating Nanjing as the leading port in the region.


Premise: Procopius said Sclaveni and Antae were both called what?

Hypothesis: Procopius wrote in 545 that "the Sclaveni and the Antae actually had a single name in the remote past; for they were both called Spori in olden times."


Premise: What year saw the death of Nicholas of Verdun?

Hypothesis: Romanesque art, especially metalwork, was at its most sophisticated in Mosan art, in which distinct artistic personalities including Nicholas of Verdun (d. 1205) become apparent, and an almost classical style is seen in works such as a font at Liège, contrasting with the writhing animals of the exactly contemporary Gloucester Candlestick.


Premise: The strategic manipulator, pastiche personality, and relational self are linked to the rise of what culture?

Hypothesis: Finally, the relational self is a perspective by which persons abandon all sense of exclusive self, and view all sense of identity in terms of social engagement with others.


Premise: Who visited the Temple Mount?

Hypothesis: During his tenure, Sharon carried out his plan to unilaterally withdraw from the Gaza Strip and also spearheaded the construction of the Israeli West Bank barrier, ending the Intifada.


Premise: How many specific characters are there in the ASCII code?

Hypothesis: Originally based on the English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart on the right.


Premise: Which U.S. tabloid settled out of court with Schwarzenegger in 1999?

Hypothesis: In 1999, Schwarzenegger also sued and settled with The Globe, a U.S. tabloid which had made similar predictions about the bodybuilder's future health.


Premise: How do physicians study a patient's immune system organs in emergency situations?

Hypothesis: When health conditions worsen to emergency status, portions of immune system organs including the thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissues can be surgically excised for examination while patients are still alive.


Premise: When did Madonna sign an endorsement deal with Pepsi?

Hypothesis: In January 1989, Madonna signed an endorsement deal with soft-drink manufacturer, Pepsi.


Premise: When was the Russian population estimated to be about 90 million fewer than it could have been?

Hypothesis: The first half of the 20th century in Russia and the Soviet Union was marked by a succession of wars, famines and other disasters, each accompanied by large-scale population losses.


Premise: What small errors caused large errors in shell fall height and the time until exploding?

Hypothesis: At short range, the apparent target area is relatively large, the trajectory is flat and the time of flight is short, allowing to correct lead by watching the tracers.


Premise: How many nations comprised the Axis powers?

Hypothesis: In September 1940, Japan decided to cut China's only land line to the outside world by seizing Indochina, which was controlled at the time by Vichy France.


Premise: Who led the funeral procession?

Hypothesis: The organist at the funeral was Louis Lefébure-Wély.


Premise: What prominent Jewish German  sought German unification in the mid 19th century?

Hypothesis: The Napoleonic Wars were the cause of the final dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, and ultimately the cause for the quest for a German nation state in 19th-century German nationalism.


Premise: New Haven Colony was separated from the Connecticut Colony which was located where?

Hypothesis: At the time, the New Haven Colony was separate from the Connecticut Colony, which had been established to the north centering on Hartford.


Premise: How much treasure was taken by pirates?

Hypothesis: The pirates gave chase and caught up with Fateh Muhammed some days later, and meeting little resistance, took some £50,000 to £60,000 worth of treasure.


Premise: Who painted the Mond Crucifixion.

Hypothesis: 19:26-27] has in itself been the subject of Marian art, and well known Catholic symbolism such as the Miraculous Medal and Pope John Paul II's Coat of Arms bearing a Marian Cross.


Premise: Despite being considered dead, what can heartwood have one chemical reaction to?

Hypothesis: Heartwood (or duramen) is wood that as a result of a naturally occurring chemical transformation has become more resistant to decay.


Premise: Who did Austria-Hungary war with over territory?

Hypothesis: Austria-Hungary competed with Serbia and Russia for territory and influence in the region and they pulled the rest of the great powers into the conflict through their various alliances and treaties.


Premise: When was the Renaissance era?

Hypothesis: Social dancing became more widespread, so musical forms appropriate to accompanying dance began to standardize.


Premise: What part of the world is it theorized that Indo-Iranian languages came from?

Hypothesis: The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia.


Premise: How frequently did Schwarzenegger write a column for Muscle & Fitness and Flex?

Hypothesis: American Media Inc., which owns Muscle & Fitness and Flex, announced in March 2013 that Schwarzenegger had accepted their renewed offer to be executive editor of the magazines.


Premise: What do imports produce on Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: The rising population has resulted in an increased demand on fish stocks, which are under stress; although the creation of the Funafuti Conservation Area has provided a fishing exclusion area to help sustain the fish population across the Funafuti lagoon.


Premise: Which river flows through the Sichuan Basin?

Hypothesis: One of the major tributaries of the Yangtze within the province is the Min River of central Sichuan, which joins the Yangtze at Yibin.


Premise: What politician fought against statehood for Puerto Rico?

Hypothesis: Several days after the referendum, the Resident Commissioner Pedro Pierluisi, Governor Luis Fortuño, and Governor-elect Alejandro García Padilla wrote separate letters to the President of the United States Barack Obama addressing the results of the voting.


Premise: Who chose LaserFisc for their Domesday Project in the mid-1980s?

Hypothesis: It was chosen by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) for the BBC Domesday Project in the mid-1980s, a school-based project to commemorate 900 years since the original Domesday Book in England.


Premise: Who is Bern's mayor, or Stadtprasident?

Hypothesis: In the mandate period 2013–2016 (Legislatur) the City Council is presided by Stadtpräsident Alexander Tschäppät.


Premise: Who argued against works where the author listens to input from others?

Hypothesis: Bowers and Tanselle argue for rejecting textual variants that an author inserted at the suggestion of others.


Premise: When was Tamyra Gray eliminated?

Hypothesis: One of the early favorites, Tamyra Gray, was eliminated at the top four, the first of several such shock eliminations that were to be repeated in later seasons.


Premise: What club has Arsenal have an increased rivalry since the 1980s?

Hypothesis: Arsenal's longest-running and deepest rivalry is with their nearest major neighbours, Tottenham Hotspur; matches between the two are referred to as North London derbies.


Premise: Between what percent fraction range of uranium-235 is uranium regarded as enriched?

Hypothesis: To be considered 'enriched', the uranium-235 fraction should be between 3% and 5%.


Premise: How many Soviet military members died within the first six months of the war between the two countries?

Hypothesis: Within six months, the Soviet military had suffered 4.3 million casualties, and Germany had captured three million Soviet prisoners.


Premise: What is the significance of Principia Mathematica currently?

Hypothesis: Principia Mathematica in particular is regarded as one of the most important works in mathematical logic of the 20th century.


Premise: What indigenous population is now virtually extinct?

Hypothesis: The Selknam (Ona) people are now virtually extinct in its pure form.


Premise: Are only NPOs allowed to use .org?

Hypothesis: Currently, no restrictions are enforced on registration of .com or .org, so one can find organizations of all sorts in either of these domains, as well as other top-level domains including newer, more specific ones which may apply to particular sorts of organizations such as .museum for museums or .coop for cooperatives.


Premise: What language  is parlo or temo ?

Hypothesis: E.g. parle, tem, sent (Valencian); parlo, temo, sento (Northwestern).


Premise: On what day did the CRTC agree to allow CBCs broadcasting transmitters to remain active for another year?

Hypothesis: Before that deadline, CBC's licence renewal process would take place and CBC's digital transition plans would be examined as part of that process.


Premise: The states defend their interests at the federal level through what?

Hypothesis: Though international relations including international treaties are primarily the responsibility of the federal level, the constituent states have certain limited powers in this area: in matters that affect them directly, the states defend their interests at the federal level through the Bundesrat (literally Federal Council, the upper house of the German Federal Parliament) and in areas where they have legislative authority they have limited powers to conclude international treaties "with the consent of the federal government".


Premise: When was the case against the Gang of Four?

Hypothesis: Jiang Hua (term 1956-1968), was the "chief justice" on the Special Court in the case against the Gang of Four in 1980.


Premise: What was the purpose of the dual carriageway?

Hypothesis: Shortly afterwards, the first sections of the South Ring dual carriageway were opened.


Premise: What did the Sumerian deities form?

Hypothesis: These deities formed a core pantheon; there were additionally hundreds of minor ones.


Premise: What event soured relations of US and Egypt in 2013?

Hypothesis: There have been recent attempts, however, to normalise relations between the two, with both governments frequently calling for mutual support in the fight against regional and international terrorism.


Premise: Who was assimilated into the Arab slave owner families?

Hypothesis: Several factors affected the visibility of descendants of this diaspora in 21st-century Arab societies: The traders shipped more female slaves than males, as there was a demand for them to serve as concubines in harems in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries.


Premise: Who did Robert Peel want to replace the ladies of the bedchamber with, instead of wives of Whigs?

Hypothesis: At the time, it was customary for the prime minister to appoint members of the Royal Household, who were usually his political allies and their spouses.


Premise: How long does it take to stamp out one CD?

Hypothesis: The plastic is allowed to cool and harden.


Premise: In Kinseys mind what percentage of people are considered to be fully heterosexual or homosexual?

Hypothesis: According to Kinsey, only a minority (5–10%) can be considered fully heterosexual or homosexual.[citation needed]


Premise: What is the common nickname of Arsenal supporters?

Hypothesis: The fanbase is large and generally loyal, and virtually all home matches sell out; in 2007–08 Arsenal had the second-highest average League attendance for an English club (60,070, which was 99.5% of available capacity), and, as of 2015, the third-highest all-time average attendance.


Premise: What year was Clinton v. City of New York decided by the supreme court?

Hypothesis: In this vein, the Supreme Court held in the 1998 case Clinton v. City of New York that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the President, by powers vested in the government by the Constitution.


Premise: A shuttle astronauts prevents ebullism at 2 kPa with what item?

Hypothesis: Shuttle astronauts wore a fitted elastic garment called the Crew Altitude Protection Suit (CAPS) which prevents ebullism at pressures as low as 2 kPa (15 Torr).


Premise: What did this study seem to conclude?

Hypothesis: Interestingly, visual short-term memory was unaffected, suggesting a dichotomy between visual and audial memory.


Premise: The Act of Union unified Canada into a territory by what name?

Hypothesis: This began with the passing of the Act of Union in 1840, which created the Province of Canada.


Premise: What two levels of crime are there?

Hypothesis: These may result in fines and sometimes the loss of one's driver's license, but no jail time.


Premise: Who ended discrimination against difference Christian sects in Portugal?

Hypothesis: He abolished slavery in Portugal and in the Portuguese colonies in India; reorganized the army and the navy; restructured the University of Coimbra, and ended discrimination against different Christian sects in Portugal.


Premise: By what year did car ferries finish operating from Southampton, other than the one to the Isle of Wight?

Hypothesis: The land used for Southampton Ferry Port was sold off and a retail and housing development was built on the site.


Premise: What was invented in 132 CE?

Hypothesis: Although no tremors could be felt in the capital when Zhang told the court that an earthquake had just occurred in the northwest, a message came soon afterwards that an earthquake had indeed struck 400 km (248 mi) to 500 km (310 mi) northwest of Luoyang (in what is now modern Gansu).


Premise: What military unit did Napoleon first serve in after his graduation?

Hypothesis: He served in Valence and Auxonne until after the outbreak of the Revolution in 1789, and took nearly two years' leave in Corsica and Paris during this period.


Premise: What is considered the country's primary musical export?

Hypothesis: The music of Guinea-Bissau is usually associated with the polyrhythmic gumbe genre, the country's primary musical export.


Premise: What percentage of the population speaks Kriol?

Hypothesis: 44% speak Kriol, a Portuguese-based creole language, which is effectively a national language of communication among groups.


Premise: What team did Barcelona beat to win La Liga for the 2008-09 season?

Hypothesis: A historic 2–6 victory against Real Madrid followed three days later and ensured that Barcelona became La Liga champions for the 2008–09 season.


Premise: In what year was the inaugural National Invitation Tournament?

Hypothesis: The first national college-level basketball championship, the National Invitation Tournament, was held in New York in 1938 and remains in the city.


Premise: When were the deported Estonians allowed to return?

Hypothesis: The activities of Soviet forces in 1940–41 and after reoccupation sparked a guerrilla war against Soviet authorities in Estonia by the Forest Brothers, who consisted mostly of Estonian veterans of the German and Finnish armies and some civilians.


Premise: How many closed pubs did The Lost Pubs Project catalog?

Hypothesis: The Lost Pubs Project listed 28,095 closed pubs on 21 April 2015, with photographs of many.


Premise: According to opponents of the death penalty, what does the death penalty cheapen?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, some opponents argue that the arbitrariness with which it is administered and the systemic influence of racial, socio-economic, geographic, and gender bias on determinations of desert make the current practice of capital punishment immoral and illegitimate.


Premise: What do some feel may happen if child labour products were completely rejected by society as a whole?

Hypothesis: The study suggests that boycotts are "blunt instruments with long-term consequences, that can actually harm rather than help the children involved."


Premise: What are the two main divisions of Middle Iranian?

Hypothesis: Linguistically the Middle Iranian languages are conventionally classified into two main groups, Western and Eastern.


Premise: During which times does the value of the dollar typically decline?

Hypothesis: The Federal Reserve initially succeeded in maintaining the value of the U.S. dollar and price stability, reversing the inflation caused by the First World War and stabilizing the value of the dollar during the 1920s, before presiding over a 30% deflation in U.S. prices in the 1930s.


Premise: What century saw the end of the Middle Ages?

Hypothesis: In European history, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.


Premise: As of 2004, how many kilometers of road existed in Nepal?

Hypothesis: The total length of roads in Nepal is recorded to be (17,182 km (10,676 mi)), as of 2003–04.


Premise: What does CCTV stand for?

Hypothesis: In June 2014, state broadcaster China Central Television (CCTV) broadcast a news story further characterizing Windows 8 as a threat to national security.


Premise: Who provides the city water now?

Hypothesis: Historically, Philadelphia sourced its water by the Fairmount Water Works, the nation's first major urban water supply system.


Premise: Who would raid the desert leaving the people in constant   fear?

Hypothesis: Centralized states thus surrounded the desert on the north and east; it remained outside the control of these states.


Premise: Which borough had the lowest HDI score?

Hypothesis: Mexico City's HDI for the 2005 report was of .9012


Premise: What year were the earliest plants that grew wood discovered?

Hypothesis: Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology to make inferences about when a wooden object was created.


Premise: What is the depth of the Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field?

Hypothesis: In August 2014, Shell Oil Company said it was finalising its interests in four Nigerian oil fields.


Premise: What year was Cyprus granted independence?

Hypothesis: Following nationalist violence in the 1950s, Cyprus was granted independence in 1960.


Premise: What was the goal of the CAF during the cold war?

Hypothesis: During the Cold War, a principal focus of Canadian defence policy was contributing to the security of Europe in the face of the Soviet military threat.


Premise: What origin was Leto?

Hypothesis: A non-Greek origin of Apollo has long been assumed in scholarship.


Premise: What percentage of energy does a standard light bulb actually convert to visible light?

Hypothesis: Some applications of the incandescent bulb deliberately use the heat generated by the filament.


Premise: What did Napoleon's senior officers and marshals do when he suggested they march on Paris?

Hypothesis: When Napoleon proposed the army march on the capital, his senior officers and marshals mutinied.


Premise: What is it called when birds encourage ants to run through their plumage?

Hypothesis: A behaviour termed as anting in which the bird encourages ants to run through their plumage is also thought to help them reduce the ectoparasite load in feathers.


Premise: How many seasons did the Toronto Phantoms last?

Hypothesis: There are a number of franchises which existed in the form of a number of largely-unrelated teams under numerous management groups until they folded (an example is the New York CityHawks whose owners transferred the team from New York to Hartford to become the New England Sea Wolves after two seasons, then after another two seasons were sold and became the Toronto Phantoms, who lasted another two seasons until folding).


Premise: What stadium host the ACC championship game and the Belk Bowl each year?

Hypothesis: The ACC Championship Game and The Belk Bowl are held annually in Charlotte's Bank of America Stadium, featuring teams from the ACC and the Southeastern Conference.


Premise: What is the religious name given to the part of the country that includes the Carolinas?

Hypothesis: The fourth greatest was the Presbyterian Church (USA), with 186,000 members and 710 congregations; this denomination was brought by Scots-Irish immigrants who settled the backcountry in the colonial era.


Premise: What is one regional UN office located in New Delhi?

Hypothesis: The Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology of the UNESCAP servicing the Asia-Pacific region is headquartered in New Delhi.


Premise: At the time of the novel's setting, what punishment was often received by black males for percieved sexual contact with a white woman?

Hypothesis: Any transgressions by black males that merely hinted at sexual contact with white females during the time the novel was set often resulted in a punishment of death for the accused.


Premise: Who was the first leader of Libya?

Hypothesis: In 1951, the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya, a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch, Idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy.


Premise: What denomination are the majority of Guinea-Bissau's muslims?

Hypothesis: Most of Guinea-Bissau's Muslims are of the Sunni denomination with approximately 2% belonging to the Ahmadiyya sect.


Premise: What was the normal size disc for popular music?

Hypothesis: At the beginning of the 20th century, the early discs played for two minutes, the same as early cylinder records.


Premise: What type of university is the University of Richmond?

Hypothesis: The Richmond area has many major institutions of higher education, including Virginia Commonwealth University (public), University of Richmond (private), Virginia Union University (private), Virginia College (private), South University - Richmond (private, for-profit), Union Theological Seminary & Presbyterian School of Christian Education (private), and the Baptist Theological Seminary in Richmond (BTSR—private).


Premise: What type of art is being promoted by art institutions in Cyprus?

Hypothesis: Municipal art galleries exist in all the main towns and there is a large and lively commercial art scene.


Premise: What was the soul according to Avicenna?

Hypothesis: Avicenna believed his "Floating Man" thought experiment demonstrated that the soul is a substance, and claimed humans cannot doubt their own consciousness, even in a situation that prevents all sensory data input.


Premise: Who was Victorias private secretary during the years following her accident at Windsor?

Hypothesis: Brown died 10 days after her accident, and to the consternation of her private secretary, Sir Henry Ponsonby, Victoria began work on a eulogistic biography of Brown.


Premise: When are 192 samples taken instead of 576?

Hypothesis: During encoding, 576 time-domain samples are taken and are transformed to 576 frequency-domain samples.[clarification needed]


Premise: What kind of film was used to shoot the movie?

Hypothesis: Van Hoytema shot the film on Kodak 35 mm film stock.


Premise: Which unpopular republic destroyed centuries of Swiss traditions?

Hypothesis: The new regime, known as the Helvetic Republic, was highly unpopular.


Premise: The lowest of the Alpine passes at what elevation?

Hypothesis: At 2,756 m (9,042 ft), the Stelvio Pass in northern Italy is one of the highest of the Alpine passes; the road was built in the 1820s.


Premise: What do the costumes worn by the revelers pun about?

Hypothesis: J'ouvert, or "Dirty Mas", takes place before dawn on the Monday (known as Carnival Monday) before Ash Wednesday.


Premise: How large was the land (in acres) that the institution was founded on?

Hypothesis: Faced with their continuing inability to find a substantial site, the Companies were eventually persuaded by the Secretary of the Science and Art Department, General Sir John Donnelly (who was also a Royal Engineer) to found their institution on the eighty-seven acre (350,000 m²) site at South Kensington bought by the 1851 Exhibition Commissioners (for GBP 342,500) for 'purposes of art and science' in perpetuity.


Premise: How old is the earliest annelid fossil?

Hypothesis: Although some late Ediacaran fossils may represent annelids, the oldest known fossil that is identified with confidence comes from about 518 million years ago in the early Cambrian period.


Premise: How many lines does the Melbourne rail network have?

Hypothesis: The Melbourne rail network has its origins in privately built lines from the 1850s gold rush era, and today the suburban network consists of 209 suburban stations on 16 lines which radiate from the City Loop, a partially underground metro section of the network beneath the Central Business District (Hoddle Grid).


Premise: What kind of weapon was used against the Mau demonstrators?

Hypothesis: When he resisted, a struggle developed between the police and the Mau.


Premise: What showed that memory exists even before that memory is known to the person?

Hypothesis: The term of internal representation implies that such definition of memory contains two components: the expression of memory at the behavioral or conscious level, and the underpinning physical neural changes (Dudai 2007).


Premise: What disease did his two brothers die of?

Hypothesis: He had two brothers: Melville James Bell (1845–70) and Edward Charles Bell (1848–67), both of whom would die of tuberculosis.


Premise: Who is Gerry Philpott?

Hypothesis: Gerry Philpott, president of E-Poll Market Research, supported Spielberg's score by stating, "If anyone doubts that Steven Spielberg has greatly influenced the public, think about how many will think for a second before going into the water this summer."


Premise: What do Russian carriers include for launching lightly loaded conventional fighters?

Hypothesis: As catapults are unnecessary, carriers with this arrangement reduce weight, complexity, and space needed for complex steam or electromagnetic launching equipment, vertical landing aircraft also remove the need for arresting cables and related hardware.


Premise: What are Catalan and Valencian considered to be in the language?

Hypothesis: The terms "Catalan" and "Valencian" (respectively used in Catalonia and the Valencian Community) are two different varieties of the same language.


Premise: Who coached Beyoncé for her Spanish recordings?

Hypothesis: To record these, Beyoncé was coached phonetically by American record producer Rudy Perez.


Premise: What was the gross primary enrollment rate for females?

Hypothesis: In 1998, the gross primary enrollment rate was 53.5%, with higher enrollment ratio for males (67.7%) compared to females (40%).


Premise: When was the fourth satellite for the BeiDou-1 system launched?

Hypothesis: In February 2007, the fourth and last satellite of the BeiDou-1 system, BeiDou-1D (sometimes called BeiDou-2A, serving as a backup satellite), was sent up into space.


Premise: At the end of 2016, how many soldiers were in the Regular Army?

Hypothesis: In the fiscal year 2016, the projected end strength for the Regular Army (USA) was 475,000 soldiers; the Army National Guard (ARNG) had 342,000 soldiers, and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) had 198,000 soldiers; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,015,000 soldiers.


Premise: When was the Congo allowed back into the Kimberley Process?

Hypothesis: The current administration presides over an uneasy internal peace and faces difficult economic problems of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty, despite record-high oil prices since 2003.


Premise: What was the SNES called in South Korea?

Hypothesis: The Super Nintendo Entertainment System (officially abbreviated the Super NES[b] or SNES[c], and commonly shortened to Super Nintendo[d]) is a 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea, 1991 in North America, 1992 in Europe and Australasia (Oceania), and 1993 in South America.


Premise: Which of two neurotransmitters is usually inhibitory?

Hypothesis: The two neurotransmitters that are used most widely in the vertebrate brain are glutamate, which almost always exerts excitatory effects on target neurons, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is almost always inhibitory.


Premise: Which league is Eritrea an observing member of?

Hypothesis: Eritrea is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, and is an observing member of the Arab League.


Premise: What is the Quakers unifying belief?

Hypothesis: Unlike many other groups that emerged within Christianity, the Religious Society of Friends has actively tried to avoid creeds and hierarchical structures.


Premise: What role had Graham Dudman taken after serving as The Sun managing editor?

Hypothesis: Police also searched the offices of News International, the publishers of The Sun, as part of a continuing investigation into the News of the World scandal.


Premise: What class were samurais?

Hypothesis: While the samurai numbered less than 10% of then Japan's population, their teachings can still be found today in both everyday life and in modern Japanese martial arts.


Premise: When did fighting break out in CAR?

Hypothesis: Large numbers of missionaries left the country when fighting broke out between rebel and government forces in 2002–3, but many of them have now returned to continue their work.


Premise: What type of bands play for dancers in the streets?

Hypothesis: Beautiful costumes, floats, Rara parades, masks, foods, and popular rasin music (like Boukman Eksperyans, Foula Vodoule, Tokay, Boukan Ginen, Eritaj, etc.) and kompa bands (such as T-Vice, Djakout No. 1, Sweet Micky, Kreyòl La, D.P. Express, Mizik Mizik, Ram, T-Micky, Carimi, Djakout Mizik, and Scorpio Fever) play for dancers in the streets of the plaza of Champ-de-Mars.


Premise: Who was the Foreign Minister who indicated Chinese officials wanted supporting demonstrators to show up and show their point of view?

Hypothesis: Foreign Minister Stephen Smith said Chinese officials were urging supporters to "turn up and put a point of view", but that he had no objection to it as long as they remained peaceful.


Premise: During what century is it likely that the watermill made an appearance in China?

Hypothesis: The chain pump was first mentioned in China by the philosopher Wang Chong in his 1st-century-AD Balanced Discourse.


Premise: What dopes a typical grey-box tester sets up?

Hypothesis: Grey-box testing implements intelligent test scenarios, based on limited information.


Premise: What does the large number of omissions  make the determinatives?

Hypothesis: The inflection of determinatives is complex, specially because of the high number of elisions, but is similar to the neighboring languages.


Premise: What did Rayleigh & Jeans and Einstein prove independently in 1905?

Hypothesis: The black-body problem was revisited in 1905, when Rayleigh and Jeans (on the one hand) and Einstein (on the other hand) independently proved that classical electromagnetism could never account for the observed spectrum.


Premise: Where does Universal's filming take place?

Hypothesis: Its production studios are at 100 Universal City Plaza Drive in Universal City, California.


Premise: What is another name for colloquial?

Hypothesis: The bulk of literary readings (文讀, bûn-tha̍k), based on pronunciations of the vernacular during the Tang Dynasty, are mainly used in formal phrases and written language (e.g. philosophical concepts, surnames, and some place names), while the colloquial (or vernacular) ones (白讀, pe̍h-tha̍k) are basically used in spoken language and vulgar phrases.


Premise: Which Queen enhanced the Chinese theme of the Centre Room in the 1920s?

Hypothesis: The Chinese Luncheon Room and Yellow Drawing Room are situated at each end of this gallery, with the Centre Room obviously placed in the centre.


Premise: After Antigonus was killed, what region did Seleucus take over?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, Lysimachus took over Ionia, Seleucus took Cilicia, and Ptolemy captured Cyprus.


Premise: What ethnic names does Serbo-Croatian associate with?

Hypothesis: Serbo-Croatian thus generally goes by the ethnic names Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and sometimes Montenegrin and Bunjevac.


Premise: What was the primary use of laser read discs?

Hypothesis: The laser turntable eliminates record wear and the possibility of accidental scratches, which degrade the sound, but its expense limits use primarily to digital archiving of analog records, and the laser does not play back colored vinyl or picture discs.


Premise: On average, how much lower are the temperatures in the central areas in celsius?

Hypothesis: The temperatures in the central areas are, on average, 5–6 °C (9.0–10.8 °F) lower.


Premise: What was the hit off Steppenwolf's self-titled debut lp?

Hypothesis: The same month, Steppenwolf released its self-titled debut album, including "Born to Be Wild", which contained the first lyrical reference to heavy metal and helped popularise the style when it was used in the film Easy Rider (1969).


Premise: What gallery in Southampton houses a Designated Collection?

Hypothesis: The Millais Gallery at Southampton Solent University, the John Hansard Gallery at Southampton University as well as smaller galleries including the Art House in Above Bar Street provide a different view.


Premise: Who donated a championship trophy for Canadian football teams in 1909?

Hypothesis: The Grey Cup was established in 1909 after being donated by Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey, The Governor General of Canada as the championship of teams under the CRU for the Rugby Football Championship of Canada.


Premise: Who was the president of Tunisia in 1974?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi sought to develop closer links in the Maghreb; in January 1974 Libya and Tunisia announced a political union, the Arab Islamic Republic.


Premise: The Holy Roman Empire comprised of how many petty states?

Hypothesis: The Holy Roman Empire comprised many petty states numbering more than 300 around 1796.


Premise: What republics did the Dutch Republic come before?

Hypothesis: The Dutch Republic, also known as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden), Republic of the United Netherlands or Republic of the Seven United Provinces (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Provinciën), was a republic in Europe existing from 1581, when part of the Netherlands separated from Spanish rule, until 1795.


Premise: Who authored the Summa Theologica?

Hypothesis: Philosophy and theology fused in scholasticism, an attempt by 12th- and 13th-century scholars to reconcile authoritative texts, most notably Aristotle and the Bible.


Premise: To whom did Nasser authorize distribution of small arms?

Hypothesis: To counterbalance the Egyptian Army's dismal performance, Nasser authorized the distribution of about 400,000 rifles to civilian volunteers and hundreds of militias were formed throughout Egypt, many led by Nasser's political opponents.


Premise: What was Kanye creating when he was five?

Hypothesis: West demonstrated an affinity for the arts at an early age; he began writing poetry when he was five years old.


Premise: What caused the water level in the Yellow River to increase?

Hypothesis: Gradual silt buildup in the Yellow River had raised its water level and overwhelmed the flood control works.


Premise: How many credit card numbers were stole from Home Depot in 2014?

Hypothesis: Warnings were delivered at both corporations, but ignored; physical security breaches using self checkout machines are believed to have played a large role.


Premise: Middle Devonian limestone exists between Plymstock and what location?

Hypothesis: A band of Middle Devonian limestone runs west to east from Cremyll to Plymstock including the Hoe.


Premise: What kind of Republic did some insurgents declare Alsace-Lorraine?

Hypothesis: Following the defeat of the German empire in World War I and the abdication of the German Emperor, some revolutionary insurgents declared Alsace-Lorraine as an independent Republic, without preliminary referendum or vote.


Premise: What is the common trait selected for dogs in overall breeding?

Hypothesis: These genes have been shown to have an impact on the catecholamine synthesis pathway, with the majority of the genes affecting the fight-or-flight response (i.e. selection for tameness), and emotional processing.


Premise: What was the Vestal festival called?

Hypothesis: Indirectly, they played a role in every official sacrifice; among their duties was the preparation of the mola salsa, the salted flour that was sprinkled on every sacrificial victim as part of its immolation.


Premise: What teaching was criticized by Nagarjuna?

Hypothesis: Some adherents of Mahayana accept both the early teachings (including in this the Sarvastivada Abhidharma, which was criticized by Nagarjuna and is in fact opposed to early Buddhist thought) and the Mahayana sutras as authentic teachings of Gautama Buddha, and claim they were designed for different types of persons and different levels of spiritual understanding.


Premise: How many commercial airports are under construction in Saint Helena?

Hypothesis: Saint Helena is one of the most remote islands in the world, has one commercial airport under construction, and travel to the island is by ship only.


Premise: What years was the Treaty of Wuchale formally binding?

Hypothesis: His subsequent victory over his rival kings and enthronement as Emperor Menelek II (r. 1889–1913) made the treaty formally binding upon the entire territory.


Premise: How much coal is mine yearly in northeast Sinai?

Hypothesis: Egypt is counting on top liquid natural gas (LNG) exporter Qatar to obtain additional gas volumes in summer, while encouraging factories to plan their annual maintenance for those months of peak demand, said EGPC chairman, Tarek El Barkatawy.


Premise: Who became commissioner of the AFL after Jerry Kurz?

Hypothesis: Jerry Kurz also stepped down as commissioner of the AFL as he was promoted to be the AFL's first president.


Premise: In 1833 with whom with Chopin work to get his music published?

Hypothesis: The musicologist Arthur Hedley has observed that "As a pianist Chopin was unique in acquiring a reputation of the highest order on the basis of a minimum of public appearances—few more than thirty in the course of his lifetime.


Premise: What occurs when large unstable areas of warm ocean, heated over months, give up some of their thermal energy suddenly to power a few days of violent air movement?

Hypothesis: An example of a solar-mediated weather event is a hurricane, which occurs when large unstable areas of warm ocean, heated over months, give up some of their thermal energy suddenly to power a few days of violent air movement.


Premise: What was the official nickname of Northwestern's athletic teams prior to 1924?

Hypothesis: Before 1924, they were known as "The Purple" and unofficially as "The Fighting Methodists."


Premise: Which empires grew during the 18th century?

Hypothesis: However, the 18th century saw the European empires gradually expand across the world, as European states developed economies built on maritime trade.


Premise: Can IRENE read vertically modulated information?

Hypothesis: In some ways similar to the laser turntable is the IRENE scanning machine for disc records, which images with microphotography in two dimensions, invented by a team of physicists at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories.


Premise: What percentage of murderers in the United States are given a death sentence?

Hypothesis: Texas gave 2 percent of murderers a death sentence, less than the national average.


Premise: What disease was contracted by the Prince of Wales that nearly ended his life?

Hypothesis: In late November 1871, at the height of the republican movement, the Prince of Wales contracted typhoid fever, the disease that was believed to have killed his father, and Victoria was fearful her son would die.


Premise: How many Egyptian soldiers died during the fighting?

Hypothesis: To counterbalance the Egyptian Army's dismal performance, Nasser authorized the distribution of about 400,000 rifles to civilian volunteers and hundreds of militias were formed throughout Egypt, many led by Nasser's political opponents.


Premise: Which philosopher argued homosexuality did not exist as an idenity in the eighteenth century?

Hypothesis: Because sexual orientation is complex and multi-dimensional, some academics and researchers, especially in queer studies, have argued that it is a historical and social construction.


Premise: What is the name of a company that uses iPods as part of its training?

Hypothesis: Besides earning a reputation as a respected entertainment device, the iPod has also been accepted as a business device.


Premise: Who wrote the 2007 book The Black Swan?

Hypothesis: Stock trader and financial risk engineer Nassim Nicholas Taleb, author of the 2007 book The Black Swan, spent years warning against the breakdown of the banking system in particular and the economy in general owing to their use of bad risk models and reliance on forecasting, and their reliance on bad models, and framed the problem as part of "robustness and fragility".


Premise: What retrospective of the Oscars is shown yearly on TCM?

Hypothesis: The network's programming season runs from February until the following March of each year when a retrospective of Oscar-winning and Oscar-nominated movies is shown, called 31 Days of Oscar.


Premise: Where was Herter's Heine memorial moved in 1999?

Hypothesis: In 1899, the memorial, by the Berlin sculptor Ernst Gustav Herter (1846–1917), finally came to rest, although subject to repeated vandalism, in the Bronx, at 164th Street and the Grand Concourse, or Joyce Kilmer Park near today's Yankee Stadium.


Premise: Some bilaterians without a brain are what?

Hypothesis: There are a few types of existing bilaterians that lack a recognizable brain, including echinoderms, tunicates, and acoelomorphs (a group of primitive flatworms).


Premise: What case is the grammatical object of a verb?

Hypothesis: Pavla is in the accusative case, the grammatical object (in this case, the victim) of the verb.


Premise: Were other mathematicians amazed by von Neumann?

Hypothesis: Paul Halmos states that "von Neumann's speed was awe-inspiring."


Premise: Greece's constitution has how many articles?

Hypothesis: The nominal head of state is the President of the Republic, who is elected by the Parliament for a five-year term.


Premise: Under which program did Eritrea develp and repair its transportation infrastructure during the war?

Hypothesis: The rail line has been restored between the port of Massawa and the capital Asmara, although services are sporadic.


Premise: How many free-to-air television stations service Greater Melbourne and Geelong?

Hypothesis: Hybrid digital/print media companies such as Broadsheet and ThreeThousand are based in and primarily serve Melbourne.


Premise: From whom did Balkan states start retaking their independence?

Hypothesis: Rivalry in a scramble for empires spread in what is known as The Age of Empire.


Premise: What is the name of the rule that must be met for a group operation to occur?

Hypothesis: A group is said to act on another mathematical object X if every group element performs some operation on X compatibly to the group law.


Premise: How many species is the recent day turkey suspected to have embarked from?

Hypothesis: The first Europeans to encounter the bird misidentified it as a guineafowl, a bird known as a "turkey fowl" at that time because it had been introduced into Europe via Turkey.


Premise: When can dynamic testing occur?

Hypothesis: Dynamic testing may begin before the program is 100% complete in order to test particular sections of code and are applied to discrete functions or modules.


Premise: The middle of the country features what kind of geography?

Hypothesis: Forests are under increasing exploitation pressure.


Premise: What was Pius XII accused of not condemning?

Hypothesis: He suffered for the attacks on Pius XII for his alleged silences during the Holocaust.


Premise: Tensions about what increased during the Romantic era?

Hypothesis: The music became more chromatic, dissonant, and tonally colorful, with tensions (with respect to accepted norms of the older forms) about key signatures increasing.


Premise: What has been a major factor in the restoration of Estonia after winning their independence?

Hypothesis: In 2003, the foreign ministry also hosted an exhibit called "Estonia: Nordic with a Twist".


Premise: At what altitude does snowfall begin in November?

Hypothesis: High-water levels in streams and rivers peak in June and July when the snow is still melting at the higher altitudes.


Premise: How does burrowers' loosening help the soil?

Hypothesis: The burrowers loosen the soil so that oxygen and water can penetrate it, and both surface and burrowing worms help to produce soil by mixing organic and mineral matter, by accelerating the decomposition of organic matter and thus making it more quickly available to other organisms, and by concentrating minerals and converting them to forms that plants can use more easily.


Premise: What does finding a difference in disease prevalence between two socially defined groups not necessarily imply?

Hypothesis: Other researchers point out that finding a difference in disease prevalence between two socially defined groups does not necessarily imply genetic causation of the difference.


Premise: How many yeshivas are located in New Haven?

Hypothesis: Jews also make up a considerable portion of the population, as do Black Baptists.


Premise: Which organism has the most genes?

Hypothesis: Both the number of base pairs and the number of genes vary widely from one species to another, and there is only a rough correlation between the two (an observation known as the C-value paradox).


Premise: What part of the FBI did Mueller want to re-engineer?

Hypothesis: Within months after the attacks, FBI Director Robert Mueller, who had been sworn in a week before the attacks, called for a re-engineering of FBI structure and operations.


Premise: What law show did Spielberg work on?

Hypothesis: His first professional TV job came when he was hired to direct one of the segments for the 1969 pilot episode of Night Gallery.


Premise: When did Thuringia become a landgraviate?

Hypothesis: After the extinction of the reigning Ludowingian line of counts and landgraves in 1247 and the War of the Thuringian Succession (1247–1264), the western half became independent under the name of "Hesse", never to become a part of Thuringia again.


Premise: How were hackers able to penetrate connected networks?

Hypothesis: The intruders were able to obtain classified files, such as air tasking order systems data and furthermore able to penetrate connected networks of National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Goddard Space Flight Center, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, some Defense contractors, and other private sector organizations, by posing as a trusted Rome center user.


Premise: How many world series have the Cubs appeared in?

Hypothesis: They appeared in their first World Series the same year, falling to their crosstown rivals, the Chicago White Sox, four games to two.


Premise: What design feature do aircraft carriers feature to aid in launching and recovering aircraft?

Hypothesis: The form of launch assistance a carrier provides is strongly related to the types of aircraft embarked and the design of the carrier itself.


Premise: What type of "ware" is a BIOS ROM in a PC?

Hypothesis: Software refers to parts of the computer which do not have a material form, such as programs, data, protocols, etc.


Premise: What is Ana Cristina's ethnicity?

Hypothesis: Many popular Freestyle acts such as Pretty Tony, Debbie Deb, Stevie B, and Exposé, originated in Miami.


Premise: What goal did the ALI's study say could not be reconciled with the goal of individualized execution decisions?

Hypothesis: In October 2009, the American Law Institute voted to disavow the framework for capital punishment that it had created in 1962, as part of the Model Penal Code, "in light of the current intractable institutional and structural obstacles to ensuring a minimally adequate system for administering capital punishment."


Premise: What states that the system doing work always loses some energy as waste heat?

Hypothesis: For "closed systems" with no external source or sink of energy, the first law of thermodynamics states that a system's energy is constant unless energy is transferred in or out by mechanical work or heat, and that no energy is lost in transfer.


Premise: What is the name of the joint group that Estonia shares with Denmark and 7 other countries?

Hypothesis: Nordic-Baltic Eight (NB-8) is the joint co-operation of the governments of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway and Sweden.


Premise: How can jeopardy opinions be dissuaded?

Hypothesis: There have been six instances as of 2009 in which the exemption process was initiated.


Premise: What bankrupt company did Comcast partner with another broadband provider to acquire in 2005?

Hypothesis: In April 2005, Comcast and Time Warner Cable announced plans to buy the assets of bankrupted Adelphia Cable.


Premise: What school translated Greco-Roman texts during the Islamic Golden Age?

Hypothesis: Greco-Roman (Mid- and Neo-Platonic, and Aristotelian) texts translated by the Kindi school were commented, redacted and developed substantially by Islamic intellectuals, who also built upon Persian and Indian mathematical systems, astronomy, algebra, trigonometry and medicine.


Premise: What is the name of the museum in Glastonbury

Hypothesis: The county has several museums; those at Bath include the American Museum in Britain, the Museum of Bath Architecture, the Herschel Museum of Astronomy, the Jane Austen Centre, and the Roman Baths.


Premise: What Austrian General surprised the Prussian at Hochkirch?

Hypothesis: After a thwarted attempt to take Dresden, Daun's troops were forced to withdraw to Austrian territory for the winter, so that Saxony remained under Prussian occupation.


Premise: How many execution methods are currently used in the United States?

Hypothesis: Various methods have been used in the history of the American colonies and the United States but only five methods are currently used.


Premise: What type of music did many of the post-punk bands start indulging in?

Hypothesis: The original post-punk movement ended as the bands associated with the movement turned away from its aesthetics, often in favor of more commercial sounds.


Premise: In what part of the RSFSR did tundra mainly exist?

Hypothesis: Roughly 70% of the area in the RSFSR consisted of broad plains, with mountainous tundra regions mainly concentrated in the east.


Premise: What is the rate of interreligious marriage in the United Kingdom?

Hypothesis: In the United States, only about a third of children from intermarriages affiliate with Jewish religious practice.


Premise: What year was the R1 rocket born?

Hypothesis: With their help, particularly Helmut Groettrup's group, Korolev reverse-engineered the A-4 and built his own version of the rocket, the R-1, in 1948.


Premise: What colony did Walter Raleigh found?

Hypothesis: Later that year, Raleigh founded the colony of Roanoke on the coast of present-day North Carolina, but lack of supplies caused the colony to fail.


Premise: How many commanders are in The Order?

Hypothesis: The Order is limited to 300 Knights and Dames Grand Cross, 845 Knights and Dames Commander, and 8,960 Commanders.


Premise: How many hours a day does the The Staten Island Ferry run?

Hypothesis: Other ferry systems shuttle commuters between Manhattan and other locales within the city and the metropolitan area.


Premise: What country did the merchants the traders did trade with come from?

Hypothesis: The history of the Malay-speaking world began with the advent of Indian influence, which dates back to at least the 3rd century BCE.


Premise: What country agreed to help suppress the Yemeni rebellion?

Hypothesis: Most of Nasser's old colleagues had questioned the wisdom of continuing the war, but Amer reassured Nasser of their coming victory.


Premise: On what holiday do insurgents plan to detonate a bomb?

Hypothesis: Following Garreth Mallory's promotion to M, on a mission in Mexico City unofficially ordered by a posthumous message from the previous M, 007 James Bond kills three men plotting a terrorist bombing during the Day of the Dead and gives chase to Marco Sciarra, an assassin who survived the attack.


Premise: The protest also initiate the start of criticizing what presidential administration?

Hypothesis: Violent confrontations between the demonstrators and the New Haven police occurred, and several bombs were set off in the area by radicals.


Premise: Much of what is incorporated in the scientific method and some modern attitudes towards the relationship between science and religion were developed by David Hume and what other philosopher?

Hypothesis: Hume became a major figure in the skeptical philosophical and empiricist traditions of philosophy.


Premise: Where have the majority of photovoltaic power stations been built?

Hypothesis: As of July 2012, the largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants in the world are the Agua Caliente Solar Project (USA, 247 MW), Charanka Solar Park (India, 214 MW), Golmud Solar Park


Premise: What danger can return currents cause?

Hypothesis: This can cause electrolytic damage and even arcing if the tunnel segments are not electrically bonded together.


Premise: What feature of Valencia used to be a minaret?

Hypothesis: The architectural legacy of this period is abundant in Valencia and can still be appreciated today in the remnants of the old walls, the Baños del Almirante bath house, Portal de Valldigna street and even the Cathedral and the tower, El Micalet (El Miguelete), which was the minaret of the old mosque.


Premise: What phrase did people believe Bell's dog could say?

Hypothesis: More indicative of his playful nature, his experiments convinced onlookers that they saw a "talking dog".


Premise: What is the name of the lake in Southeast Tuscon?

Hypothesis: It is the home of Santa Rita High School, Chuck Ford Park (Lakeside Park), Lakeside Lake, Lincoln Park (upper and lower), The Lakecrest Neighborhoods, and Pima Community College East Campus.


Premise: How many courses does a mandolin commonly have?

Hypothesis: The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths.


Premise: How many children did she have?

Hypothesis: Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent, tying them together and earning her the sobriquet "the grandmother of Europe".


Premise: On what date was the 2013 Human Development Report released?

Hypothesis: The 2013 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on March 14, 2013, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2012.


Premise: What can cause a break down of a biodiversity system?

Hypothesis: "If any one type is removed from the system, the cycle can break down, and the community becomes dominated by a single species.


Premise: In 1939, what caused nearly 2 million Koreans to be forced into the labor force or the army?

Hypothesis: Conscription of Koreans for labor in war industries began in 1939, with as many as 2 million Koreans conscripted into either the Japanese Army or into the Japanese labor force.


Premise: What did Wesley Clark's initial campaign ads depend upon?

Hypothesis: His campaign focused on themes of leadership and patriotism; early campaign ads relied heavily on biography.


Premise: Where do Manx shearwaters migrate?

Hypothesis: Some species of tubenoses (Procellariiformes) such as albatrosses circle the earth, flying over the southern oceans, while others such as Manx shearwaters migrate 14,000 km (8,700 mi) between their northern breeding grounds and the southern ocean.


Premise: Who were some Armenian pop artists?

Hypothesis: Richard Hagopian is perhaps the most famous artist of the traditional "kef" style and the Vosbikian Band was notable in the 1940s and 1950s for developing their own style of "kef music" heavily influenced by the popular American Big Band Jazz of the time.


Premise: How long ago has the term 'Armenia' been used?

Hypothesis: The earliest attestations of the exonym Armenia date around the 6th century BC.


Premise: How much did MCA pay for Universal's 360-acre lot?

Hypothesis: MCA owned the studio lot, but not Universal Pictures, yet was increasingly influential on Universal's product.


Premise: In all reference frames, how is the the speed of light?

Hypothesis: This principle holds that the rules of physics must be the same for all observers, regardless of the frame of reference that is used, and that light propagates at the same speed in all reference frames.


Premise: What is "Illyrian?"

Hypothesis: During that period, the language was referred to under a variety of names, such as "Slavic", "Illyrian", or according to region, "Bosnian", "Serbian" and "Croatian", the latter often in combination with "Slavonian" or "Dalmatian".


Premise: Which company made Spectre?

Hypothesis: With a budget around $245 million, it is the most expensive Bond film and one of the most expensive films ever made.


Premise: What type of musicians besides classical have experimented with electronic instruments?

Hypothesis: Both classical and popular musicians have experimented in recent decades with electronic instruments such as the synthesizer, electric and digital techniques such as the use of sampled or computer-generated sounds, and instruments from other cultures such as the gamelan.


Premise: What language is parle or tem ?

Hypothesis: In verbs, 1st person present indicative desinence is -o, -i or ∅ in all conjugations.


Premise: What was code 127 labeled as for the Teletype?

Hypothesis: Code 127 is officially named "delete" but the Teletype label was "rubout".


Premise: Along with interferon-y release essays, what other tests aren't useful in TB diagnosis in developing countries?

Hypothesis: A diagnosis of TB should, however, be considered in those with signs of lung disease or constitutional symptoms lasting longer than two weeks.


Premise: What does the SAW in M249 SAW stand for?

Hypothesis: The M1014 Joint Service Combat Shotgun or the Mossberg 590 Shotgun are used for door breaching and close-quarters combat.


Premise: What kind of pain did Phillips endure?

Hypothesis: He was reported to have eight surgeries during his Idol run, and had considered quitting the show due to the pain.


Premise: When Napoleon was exiled, where did his wife and son go for shelter?

Hypothesis: Its potency had weakened with age, however, and he survived to be exiled while his wife and son took refuge in Austria.


Premise: why did King James I licence other trading companies from england?

Hypothesis: But in 1609 he renewed the charter given to the company for an indefinite period, including a clause that specified that the charter would cease to be in force if the trade turned unprofitable for three consecutive years.


Premise: What are antibiotics in chemical terms?

Hypothesis: With advances in medicinal chemistry, most modern antibacterials are semisynthetic modifications of various natural compounds.


Premise: What year did Gabriel estimate 30% of of all species will be extinct by?

Hypothesis: As of 2012, some studies suggest that 25% of all mammal species could be extinct in 20 years.


Premise: What was the abbreviation for Nintendo Entertainment System?

Hypothesis: Some varieties of these launch games contained Famicom chips with an adapter inside the cartridge so they would play on North American consoles, which is why the title screen of Gyromite has the Famicom title "Robot Gyro" and the title screen of Stack-Up has the Famicom title "Robot Block".


Premise: What families rose to power in the 6th century?

Hypothesis: The Rajputs put up a valiant resistance to the Islamic invasions and protected this land with their warfare and chivalry for more than 500 years.


Premise: How long has Boston been a religious center?

Hypothesis: The oldest church in Boston is First Church in Boston, founded in 1630.


Premise: Who is the president of Mediabase?

Hypothesis: Its alumni have a massive impact on radio; in 2007, American Idol had become "a dominant force in radio" according to the president of the research company Mediabase which monitors radio stations Rich Meyer.


Premise: How long before the quake did Cyclone Nargis strike Burma?

Hypothesis: The Economist noted that China reacted to the disaster "rapidly and with uncharacteristic openness", contrasting it with Burma's secretive response to Cyclone Nargis, which devastated that country 10 days before the earthquake.


Premise: What bank is head quartered in Utrecht

Hypothesis: Rabobank, a large bank, has its headquarters in Utrecht.


Premise: What does the word samyaksamadhi mean?

Hypothesis: In the language of the Noble Eightfold Path, samyaksamādhi is "right concentration".


Premise: Which Muslim scholar studied the Quran's inimitability until his death in 1078?

Hypothesis: The doctrine of miraculousness of the Quran is further emphasized by Muhammad's illiteracy since the unlettered prophet could not have been suspected of composing the Quran.


Premise: By how much did the budget deficit of Greece exceed the 3% limit in the reference year of 1999?

Hypothesis: However, it was the retroactive application of ESA95 methodology (applied since 2000) by Eurostat, that finally raised the reference year (1999) budget deficit to 3.38% of GDP, thus exceeding the 3% limit.


Premise: What do plants use to sense light?

Hypothesis: Light is the signal by which plants synchronize their internal clocks to their environment and is sensed by a wide variety of photoreceptors.


Premise: What did Songtsan Gampo unite?

Hypothesis: It is traditionally considered that his first wife was the Princess of Nepal, Bhrikuti, and that she played a great role in the establishment of Buddhism in Tibet.


Premise: How much were CRA loan commitments between 1994 and 2007?

Hypothesis: They contend that there were two, connected causes to the crisis: the relaxation of underwriting standards in 1995 and the ultra-low interest rates initiated by the Federal Reserve after the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001.


Premise: What slowed the Japanese in their attacks on China?

Hypothesis: The Japanese found its aggression against the retreating and regrouping Chinese army was stalled by the mountainous terrain in southwestern China while the Communists organised widespread guerrilla and saboteur activities in northern and eastern China behind the Japanese front line.


Premise: How is A cappella currently defined?

Hypothesis: The term "a cappella" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style.


Premise: Where is Ireland's Supreme Court seated?

Hypothesis: The Supreme Court sits in the Four Courts in Dublin.


Premise: When did the temporary Japanese rule end in Burma?

Hypothesis: Overall, the Japanese lost some 150,000 men in Burma.


Premise: How have periods been reckoned Since 1900?

Hypothesis: The 21st century has so far been characterized by a continuation of the contemporary/postmodern musical era.


Premise: What is it the function of the flower to ensure fertilization of?

Hypothesis: The floral apparatus may arise terminally on a shoot or from the axil of a leaf (where the petiole attaches to the stem).


Premise: What year was the earliest Chopin recording created?

Hypothesis: The British Library notes that "Chopin's works have been recorded by all the great pianists of the recording era.


Premise: What does federalism allow?

Hypothesis: Still others have shown that federalism is only divisive when it lacks mechanisms tthat encourage political parties to compete across regional boundaries.


Premise: What did Morrison warn he couldn't do?

Hypothesis: Though they failed to make a large gain in influence, the membership of the Party had doubled by June 1941.


Premise: Where did Geoffrey W.A. Dummer work at?

Hypothesis: Dummer presented the first public description of an integrated circuit at the Symposium on Progress in Quality Electronic Components in Washington, D.C. on 7 May 1952.


Premise: What were Picasso's 1907 paintings usually characterized by?

Hypothesis: Artists such as Paul Gauguin, Henri Matisse, and Pablo Picasso were intrigued and inspired by the stark power and simplicity of styles of those foreign cultures.


Premise: What does Bavaria refer to itself as?

Hypothesis: Today, it is very common to use the term Bundesland (Federal Land).


Premise: When did Bozeman Airport surpass Billings Logan as the largest busiest in Montana?

Hypothesis: Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport is the busiest airport in the state of Montana, surpassing Billings Logan International Airport in the spring of 2013.


Premise: What type of race track is in Raleigh?

Hypothesis: The Raleigh Parks and Recreation Department offers a wide variety of leisure opportunities at more than 150 sites throughout the city, which include: 8,100 acres (33 km2) of park land, 78 miles (126 km) of greenway, 22 community centers, a BMX championship-caliber race track, 112 tennis courts among 25 locations, 5 public lakes, and 8 public aquatic facilities.


Premise: In what year did Jerome die?

Hypothesis: In the 4th century, Jerome (d. 420) dreamed that God rebuked him for spending more time reading Cicero than the Bible.


Premise: Who made the move to standardize recordings?

Hypothesis: Efforts were started in 1942 to standardize within the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB), later known as the National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters (NARTB).


Premise: How many people per 100,000 were murdered in Richmond in 1990?

Hypothesis: In 1990 there were 114 murders, for a murder rate of 56.1 killings per 100,000 residents.


Premise: Rhythm is an example of which features of Quranic recitation covered by tajwid?

Hypothesis: It may be said that this discipline studies the laws and methods of the proper recitation of the Quran and covers three main areas: the proper pronunciation of consonants and vowels (the articulation of the Quranic phonemes), the rules of pause in recitation and of resumption of recitation, and the musical and melodious features of recitation.


Premise: What percentage of the Richmond population of 2000 was Pacific Islander?

Hypothesis: Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.6% of the population.


Premise: Who was the most notable Nationalist Demagogue the people turned to?

Hypothesis: The majority of countries set up relief programs, and most underwent some sort of political upheaval, pushing them to the left or right.


Premise: What was a masculine word in Old English?

Hypothesis: For example, the words sunne ("sun"), mōna ("moon") and wīf ("woman/wife") were respectively feminine, masculine and neuter; this is reflected, among other things, in the form of the definite article used with these nouns: sēo sunne ("the sun"), se mōna ("the moon"), þæt wīf ("the woman/wife").


Premise: What are some common names in the area?

Hypothesis: In the 2000s, an effort by the Downtown Raleigh Alliance was made to separate this area of the city into five smaller districts: Fayetteville Street, Moore Square, Glenwood South, Warehouse (Raleigh), and Capital District (Raleigh).


Premise: What year was Maria Deraismes initiated into the Freemasons?

Hypothesis: Maria Deraismes was initiated into Freemasonry in 1882, then resigned to allow her lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge.


Premise: Who currently heads the Emil Verban Society?

Hypothesis: The society is a select club of high profile Cub fans, currently headed by Illinois Senator Dick Durbin which is named for Emil Verban, who in three seasons with the Cubs in the 1940s batted .280 with 39 runs batted in and one home run.


Premise: What does the Kuiper belt consist of?

Hypothesis: Over the age of the Solar System, certain regions of the Kuiper belt became destabilised by Neptune's gravity, creating gaps in the Kuiper belt's structure.


Premise: What was the outcome of preventing Mary from having to endure such an injustice ?

Hypothesis: The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states "that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin."


Premise: What is Kaminfegerkinder?

Hypothesis: As in many other countries, child labour in Switzerland affected among the so-called Kaminfegerkinder ("chimney sweep children") and chidren working p.e.


Premise: Where did the Normans go off to instead of publishing the book?

Hypothesis: Having portrayed the Armenians as revolutionaries in the name of freedom with the expectation of being rescued by the intervention of Christian Europe, he states "but her hope was vain.


Premise: What does the last exposed number on the plate represent?

Hypothesis: The Warnerke Standard Sensitometer consisted of a frame holding an opaque screen with an array of typically 25 numbered, gradually pigmented squares brought into contact with the photographic plate during a timed test exposure under a phosphorescent tablet excited before by the light of a burning Magnesium ribbon.


Premise: Pope Pius XII raised him to what rank?

Hypothesis: As a sign of his esteem, the President of France, Vincent Auriol, claimed the ancient privilege possessed by French monarchs and bestowed the red biretta on Roncalli at a ceremony in the Élysée Palace.


Premise: Where is the Gold State Coach housed?

Hypothesis: Adjacent to the palace is the Royal Mews, also designed by Nash, where the royal carriages, including the Gold State Coach, are housed.


Premise: Atlantic City's tourism began to decline due to what failure?

Hypothesis: Determined to expand, in 1999 the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partnered with Las Vegas casino mogul Steve Wynn to develop a new roadway to a barren section of the city near the Marina.


Premise: What grades in Indian schools have an option for Sanskrit study?

Hypothesis: The CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) of India, along with several other state education boards, has made Sanskrit an alternative option to the state's own official language as a second or third language choice in the schools it governs.


Premise: What is the name of the High School in the area of Southeast Tuscon?

Hypothesis: It is the home of Santa Rita High School, Chuck Ford Park (Lakeside Park), Lakeside Lake, Lincoln Park (upper and lower), The Lakecrest Neighborhoods, and Pima Community College East Campus.


Premise: What aspects of the Greek culture have remained steadfast throughout the years ?

Hypothesis: At the same time, the Greeks have retained their language and alphabet, certain values and cultural traditions, customs, a sense of religious and cultural difference and exclusion, (the word barbarian was used by 12th-century historian Anna Komnene to describe non-Greek speakers), a sense of Greek identity and common sense of ethnicity despite the global political and social changes of the past two millennia.


Premise: What type of annual competition takes place during Kanavel?

Hypothesis: An annual song competition takes place.


Premise: What did some plants produce when flowers became less simple?

Hypothesis: Some groups of plants developed nectar and large sticky pollen, while insects evolved more specialized morphologies to access and collect these rich food sources.


Premise: What treaty did Stalin and China enter into?

Hypothesis: Stalin began a more aggressive strategy in Asia based on these developments, including promising economic and military aid to China through the Sino–Soviet Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance Treaty.


Premise: Speakers of what languages sometimes call Kathmandu Yambu?

Hypothesis: In some of the Sino-Tibetan languages, Kathmandu is still called Yambu.


Premise: What party did Durkin run as?

Hypothesis: A week after the primary, one poll put Kerry 26-points ahead of Cronin.


Premise: Which company is Danjaq, LLC associated with?

Hypothesis: In November 2013 MGM and the McClory estate formally settled the issue with Danjaq, LLC—sister company of Eon Productions—with MGM acquiring the full copyright film rights to the concept of Spectre and all of the characters associated with it.


Premise: What is the total land area of Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: Its small, scattered group of atolls have poor soil and a total land area of only about 26 square kilometres (10 square miles) making it the fourth smallest country in the world.


Premise: Who was on the other end of the first cross country phone call?

Hypothesis: Calling from the AT&T head office at 15 Dey Street in New York City, Bell was heard by Thomas Watson at 333 Grant Avenue in San Francisco.


Premise: The failed coup caused what effects?

Hypothesis: Eventually, Patassé came to suspect that General François Bozizé was involved in another coup attempt against him, which led Bozizé to flee with loyal troops to Chad.


Premise: When was Brazelton killed?

Hypothesis: Brazelton was eventually tracked down and killed on Monday August 19, 1878, in a mesquite bosque along the Santa Cruz River 3 miles (5 km)


Premise: Which gland secretes a surge of hormonal agents into the blood stream?

Hypothesis: This is triggered by the pituitary gland, which secretes a surge of hormonal agents into the blood stream, initiating a chain reaction to occur.


Premise: Which technology is primarily responsible for helping keep food fresh?

Hypothesis: Cooling is the primary technology used to maintain freshness, whereas many more technologies have been invented to allow foods to last longer without becoming spoiled.


Premise: How may records were commonly found in an album?

Hypothesis: Most albums included three or four records, with two sides each, making six or eight tunes per album.


Premise: What kind of success did barrage balloons have as far as bringing down aircraft?

Hypothesis: Barrage balloons were limited in application, and had minimal success at bringing down aircraft, being largely immobile and passive defences.


Premise: What did the Russians consider Curonians?

Hypothesis: The Soviet authorities considered the Curonians fascists.


Premise: Where was the 62nd AES Convention held?

Hypothesis: Sony's AES technical paper was published on 1 March 1979.


Premise: Where did Montini like to use as a retreat as a cardinal?

Hypothesis: After his journey, John XXIII gave him a private audience on his trip which lasted for several hours.


Premise: What could decrease alcohol content during the brewing process?

Hypothesis: Low temperatures and too little fermentation time decreases the effectiveness of yeasts and consequently decreases the alcohol content.


Premise: What term is used to describe the altitude for a gun to shoot shells against a target that is moving?

Hypothesis: By the late 1930s the British definition was "that height at which a directly approaching target at 400 mph (=643.6 km/h) can be engaged for 20 seconds before the gun reaches 70 degrees elevation".


Premise: In 1950 what player was successful for Real Madrid?

Hypothesis: During the 1950s the rivalry was exacerbated further when there was a controversy surrounding the transfer of Alfredo di Stéfano, who finally played for Real Madrid and was key to their subsequent success.


Premise: What is a glass master?

Hypothesis: To prepare to press a CD, a glass master is made, using a high-powered laser on a device similar to a CD writer.


Premise: What no wave-affiliated label was founded in 1978?

Hypothesis: The no wave-affiliated label ZE Records was founded in 1978, and would also produce acclaimed and influential compilations in subsequent years.


Premise: What have locals coined the morning time in May?

Hypothesis: It happens suddenly and it may last some hours or past sunset time.


Premise: What year did Cecil Woodham Smith writ Victorias biography?

Hypothesis: The biographies written by Elizabeth Longford and Cecil Woodham-Smith, in 1964 and 1972 respectively, are still widely admired.


Premise: When was World Trade Center 3 inaugurated?

Hypothesis: World Trade Center 2 was inaugurated in 2002, a twin tower of World Trade Center 1.


Premise: What occured in 1977?

Hypothesis: In 1975, Sadat shifted Nasser's economic policies and sought to use his popularity to reduce government regulations and encourage foreign investment through his program of Infitah.


Premise: I2a1b1 is found being highest where?

Hypothesis: He recalculated the age of I2a2 to be ~ 2550 years and proposed that the current distribution is explained by a Slavic expansion from the area north-east of the Carpathians.


Premise: Which mountain ranges contain glaciers?

Hypothesis: Mountain glaciers are widespread, especially in the Andes, the Himalayas, the Rocky Mountains, the Caucasus, and the Alps.


Premise: Which league does the Cork County Cricket Club belong to?

Hypothesis: The most notable cricket club in Cork is Cork County Cricket Club, which was formed in 1874.


Premise: Where does ice start accululating in a glacier?

Hypothesis: At the start of a classic valley glacier is a bowl-shaped cirque, which has escarped walls on three sides but is open on the side that descends into the valley.


Premise: Which year did the inhabitants decide there were too many slaves?

Hypothesis: Saint Helena was first settled by the English in 1659, and the island has a population of about 4,250 inhabitants, mainly descended from people from Britain – settlers ("planters") and soldiers – and slaves who were brought there from the beginning of settlement – initially from Africa (the Cape Verde Islands, Gold Coast and west coast of Africa are mentioned in early records), then India and Madagascar.


Premise: When did Beyonce get her fifth consecutive number one hit album?

Hypothesis: This made her the first woman in the chart's history to have her first five studio albums debut at number one.


Premise: What Greek dialect had three-way stop distinction like Eastern Armenian?

Hypothesis: The Classical Attic dialect of Ancient Greek had a three-way distinction in stops like Eastern Armenian:


Premise: What is another word to describe a Jew?

Hypothesis: The German word "Jude" is pronounced [ˈjuːdə], the corresponding adjective "jüdisch" [ˈjyːdɪʃ] (Jewish) is the origin of the word "Yiddish".


Premise: What type of bacteria is surrounded by a capsule?

Hypothesis: Bacteria can also be elongated to form filaments, for example the Actinobacteria.


Premise: In what year was the crystalline silicon solar cell constructed?

Hypothesis: Following the work of Russell Ohl in the 1940s, researchers Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller and Daryl Chapin created the crystalline silicon solar cell in 1954.


Premise: Who formed the Grand Loge de France?

Hypothesis: His successor, the Duke of Orléans, reconstituted the central body as the Grand Orient de France in 1773.


Premise: When did Tito meet Eisenhower at the U.N.?

Hypothesis: Tito met President Dwight D. Eisenhower at the United Nations General Assembly meeting.


Premise: Can one travel by plane from any country in Myanmar ?

Hypothesis: Flights are available from most countries, though direct flights are limited to mainly Thai and other ASEAN airlines.


Premise: Where did Napoleon and Czar Alexander first meet?

Hypothesis: The leaders had a friendly personal relationship after their first meeting at Tilsit in 1807.


Premise: Where is Paris economic Centre located?

Hypothesis: While the Paris economy is dominated by services, and employment in manufacturing sector has declined sharply, the region remains an important manufacturing centre, particularly for aeronautics, automobiles, and "eco" industries.


Premise: What is used to manipulate pathways?

Hypothesis: Modern biotechnology often focuses on understanding the metabolic pathways related to a disease state or pathogen, and manipulating these pathways using molecular biology or biochemistry.