Premise: Which two practices have become the main focus in cultural studies?

Hypothesis: "Culture" for a cultural-studies researcher not only includes traditional high culture (the culture of ruling social groups) and popular culture, but also everyday meanings and practices.


Premise: What country is Guam a territory of?

Hypothesis: or /ˈɡwɒm/; Chamorro: Guåhån;[needs IPA] formally the Territory of Guam) is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States.


Premise: What was Olympic Airways known as after 2003?

Hypothesis: Both Aegean Airlines and Olympic Air have won awards for their services; in 2009 and 2011, Aegean Airlines was awarded the "Best regional airline in Europe" award by Skytrax, and also has two gold and one silver awards by the ERA, while Olympic Air holds one silver ERA award for "Airline of the Year" as well as a "Condé Nast Traveller 2011


Premise: What kind of clocks did the Romans use?

Hypothesis: For example, Roman water clocks had different scales for different months of the year: at Rome's latitude the third hour from sunrise, hora tertia, started by modern standards at 09:02 solar time and lasted 44 minutes at the winter solstice, but at the summer solstice it started at 06:58 and lasted 75 minutes.


Premise: Whose message convinced much of the military to stay loyal?

Hypothesis: After the televised message of King Juan Carlos I, those in the military who had not yet aligned themselves decided to remain loyal to the government, and the coup failed.


Premise: What did Atkins claim the term house reflected?

Hypothesis: In an effort to maintain such exclusives, the DJs were inspired to create their own "house" records.


Premise: When did Burke first publicly condemn the French Revolution?

Hypothesis: Initially, Burke did not condemn the French Revolution.


Premise: How many housing units were in Atlantic City during the 2010 United States Census?

Hypothesis: At the 2010 United States Census, there were 39,558 people, 15,504 households, and 8,558 families residing in the city.


Premise: What online music publication ranked Kanye's album "My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy" as the world's best album so far?

Hypothesis: The Pitchfork online music publication ranked My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy as the world's best album of the decade "so far"—between 2010 and 2014—on August 19, 2014, while Yeezus was ranked in the eighth position of a list of 100 albums.


Premise: Who was the first governor of Charleston?

Hypothesis: It was soon predicted by the Earl of Shaftesbury, one of the Lords Proprietors, to become a "great port towne", a destiny the city quickly fulfilled.


Premise: Other than the $100 bill, which other note is not going to be redesigned?

Hypothesis: It also plans larger, higher-contrast numerals, more color differences, and distribution of currency readers to assist the visually impaired during the transition period.


Premise: When did the Beidou system begin operating in China?

Hypothesis: In December 2011, Xinhua stated that "[t]he basic structure of the Beidou system has now been established, and engineers are now conducting comprehensive system test and evaluation.


Premise: Prominent Iranian writers during this time of the Islamic Golden Age contributed to what area of writing?

Hypothesis: The blossoming literature, philosophy, medicine, and art of Iran became major elements in the formation of a new age for the Iranian civilization, during the period known as the Islamic Golden Age.


Premise: What were there 12,995 of in 2010?

Hypothesis: Property crimes included burglaries which accounted for 3,021, larcenies for 9,104 and arson for 63 of the total number of incidents.


Premise: What was the last number Chopin gave to an opus?

Hypothesis: The last opus number that Chopin himself used was 65, allocated to the Cello Sonata in G minor.


Premise: Originally reservations were rejected under international law unless which parties of the treaty accepted them?

Hypothesis: While some treaties still expressly forbid any reservations, they are now generally permitted to the extent that they are not inconsistent with the goals and purposes of the treaty.


Premise: Who led the military expedition in Fujian?

Hypothesis: They settled in Zhangzhou and brought the Middle Chinese phonology of northern China during the 7th century into Zhangzhou; In 885, (during the reign of Emperor Xizong of Tang), the two brothers Wang Chao (王潮) and Wang Shenzhi (王審知), led a military expedition force to pacify the Huang Chao rebellion.


Premise: An ARM architecture computer can be found in what?

Hypothesis: Machine languages and the assembly languages that represent them (collectively termed low-level programming languages) tend to be unique to a particular type of computer.


Premise: What kind of movement interfaced with the sword in Twilight Princess?

Hypothesis: A prototype was created that used a swinging gesture to control the sword from a first-person viewpoint, but was unable to show the variety of Link's movements.


Premise: Who was the head of the Swiss central command during World War II?

Hypothesis: Under General Henri Guisan central command, a general mobilisation of the armed forces was ordered.


Premise: How did the Germans confuse the British?

Hypothesis: To confuse the British, radio silence was observed until the bombs fell.


Premise: Low insect sounds are made by the insect's what?

Hypothesis: These low sounds are simply the sounds made by the insect's movement.


Premise: What other injuries have been connected with wrestling?

Hypothesis: Although professional wrestling is worked, there is a high chance of injury, and even death.


Premise: What does the population get to vote for?

Hypothesis: The House of Assembly, or lower house, has 36 members, elected by the eligible voting populace in secret ballot to represent geographically defined constituencies.


Premise: What was the Decian decree meant to root out?

Hypothesis: Roman oaths of loyalty were traditionally collective; the Decian oath has been interpreted as a design to root out individual subversives and suppress their cults, but apostasy was sought, rather than capital punishment.


Premise: Who commanded the defense of the Estonia to surrender?

Hypothesis: Most of the Estonian Defence Forces surrendered according to the orders of the Estonian government, believing that resistance was useless and were disarmed by the Red Army.


Premise: When was the war of Spanish Succession?

Hypothesis: The decline of Catalan continued in the 16th and 17th centuries.


Premise: What was the BeiDou-2 system previously known as?

Hypothesis: BeiDou-2 (formerly known as COMPASS) is not an extension to the older BeiDou-1, but rather supersedes it outright.


Premise: What was the first private equity firm to decide not to submit a bid for Dell?

Hypothesis: Other private equity firms such as KKR & Co. and TPG Capital declined to submit alternative bids for Dell, citing the uncertain market for personal computers and competitive pressures, so the "wide-open bidding war" never materialized.


Premise: What happened when Eisenhower was threatened with a court martial for his support for offensive tank tactics?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower was even threatened with court martial for continued publication of these proposed methods of tank deployment, and he relented.


Premise: What investment firm does Schwarzenegger maintain partial ownership of?

Hypothesis: He has significant ownership in Dimensional Fund Advisors, an investment firm.


Premise: What year marked the onset of the Crusades?

Hypothesis: With the onset of the Crusades in 1095, and the expulsions from England (1290), France (1394), and parts of Germany (15th century), Jewish migration pushed eastward into Poland (10th century), Lithuania (10th century), and Russia (12th century).


Premise: Why was Beshuzev happy to put the troops on the Livonian-Lithunian border?

Hypothesis: Besthuzev, assuming the preparation was directed against Prussia, was more than happy to obey the request of the British.


Premise: What does the tropical weather on the east side of Bolivia allow?

Hypothesis: In Santa Cruz de la Sierra, on the east side of the country, tropical weather allows a Brazilian-type Carnival, with Comparsas dancing traditional songs in matching uniforms.


Premise: How does McTaggart believe minds relate to one another?

Hypothesis: J. M. E. McTaggart of Cambridge University, argued that minds alone exist and only relate to each other through love.


Premise: In what century was One Thousand and One Nights completed?

Hypothesis: It reached its final form by the 14th century; the number and type of tales have varied from one manuscript to another.


Premise: Who joined the finalists, making it a Top 25?

Hypothesis: However, on March 14, Jones was disqualified in 12th place for concealing arrests and outstanding warrants.


Premise: How many fans attend an average Oklahoma State University football game?

Hypothesis: Tulsa competes in FBS football and other sports in the American Athletic Conference, while Oral Roberts, which does not sponsor football, is a member of The Summit League.


Premise: What language form differs in the amount of vowel reduction?

Hypothesis: Catalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish.


Premise: Do other health concerns happen less frequently or more frequently with asthma?

Hypothesis: However, it is not known if asthma causes psychological problems or if psychological problems lead to asthma.


Premise: What trend was Nasser trying to cause?

Hypothesis: On 30 March, Nasser proclaimed a manifesto stipulating the restoration of civil liberties, greater parliamentary independence from the executive, major structural changes to the ASU, and a campaign to rid the government of corrupt elements.


Premise: When did the eastern and western churches split?

Hypothesis: Christianity was a major unifying factor between Eastern and Western Europe before the Arab conquests, but the conquest of North Africa sundered maritime connections between those areas.


Premise: To whom did Hayek owe his intellectual success?

Hypothesis: For example, Hayek's discussion in The Road to Serfdom (1944) about truth, falsehood and the use of language influenced some later opponents of postmodernism.


Premise: Who commented on the nature of time in Book 11 of his confessions?

Hypothesis: In Book 11 of his Confessions, St. Augustine of Hippo ruminates on the nature of time, asking, "What then is time?


Premise: What year was his report from?

Hypothesis: Being identified as either "black" or "white" in Australia during the 19th and early 20th centuries was critical in one's employment and social prospects.


Premise: How are vowel alternances in Catalan?

Hypothesis: Like all the Romance languages, Catalan verbal inflection is more complex than the nominal.


Premise: Who built I-94?

Hypothesis: Henry Ford built it to link the factories at Willow Run and Dearborn during World War II.


Premise: Jay Z has a website called what?

Hypothesis: Two days later, Jay Z released "Glory", a song dedicated to their child, on his website Lifeandtimes.com.


Premise: What was William Miller's life span?

Hypothesis: If Norman was apparently attempting to change British policy, it was perhaps William Miller (1864–1945), journalist and expert on the Near East, who did the most in that direction.


Premise: Pinochet ruled what country?

Hypothesis: For example, Yugoslavia was the only communist country allowed to have an embassy in Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay.


Premise: When is Brasilia's dry season?

Hypothesis: Brasília has a tropical savanna climate (Aw) according to the Köppen system, with two distinct seasons: the rainy season, from October to April, and a dry season, from May to September.


Premise: In what year did the Soviets launch humanity's first artificial satellite?

Hypothesis: After the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite in 1957, Eisenhower authorized the establishment of NASA, which led to the space race.


Premise: Many people were considered influenced by Chopin's what?

Hypothesis: Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among others, are regarded by critics as having been influenced by Chopin's use of national modes and idioms.


Premise: What steps do medical personnel take at that point?

Hypothesis: Medical personnel must then activate the code-blue key switch inside the car, select their floor and close the doors with the door close button.


Premise: Which team did Barcelona beat to win the UEFA Super Cup?

Hypothesis: Later the same month, Barcelona won the UEFA Super Cup after defeating Porto 2–0 thanks to goals from Lionel Messi and Cesc Fàbregas.


Premise: What does a passive solar technique do?

Hypothesis: Passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties, designing spaces that naturally circulate air, and referencing the position of a building to the Sun.


Premise: Where does the Consiel d'Etat meet?

Hypothesis: The Constitutional Council, an advisory body with ultimate authority on the constitutionality of laws and government decrees, also meets in the Montpensier wing of the Palais Royal.


Premise: What is a PoP?

Hypothesis: In reality, the situation is often more complex.


Premise: In what part of the world is daytime shorter in winter and longer in summer?

Hypothesis: In contrast, an agrarian society's daily routines for work and personal conduct are more likely governed by the length of daylight hours and by solar time, which change seasonally because of the Earth's axial tilt.


Premise: What two indiginous pre-hispanic culture has survived to this point?

Hypothesis: This is the armature, or core, that everything in Chamorro culture revolves around.


Premise: Who was the mayor that proclaimed independence from the German Empire for  Alsace-Lorraine?

Hypothesis: While Jacques Peirotes, at this time deputy at the Landrat Elsass-Lothringen and just elected mayor of Strasbourg, proclaimed the forfeiture of the German Empire and the advent of the French Republic, a self-proclaimed government of Alsace-Lorraine declared independence as the "Republic of Alsace-Lorraine".


Premise: When did the English East India Company defeat Siraj-ud-Daula?

Hypothesis: On 23 June 1757, the English East India Company defeated Siraj-ud-Daula, the Nawab of Bengal, in the Battle of Plassey.


Premise: If a person has TB that's resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid, which type of the disease do they have?

Hypothesis: MDR-TB is defined as resistance to the two most effective first-line TB drugs: rifampicin and isoniazid.


Premise: What posses some challenges for the Chamorros who find it hard to keep their culture?

Hypothesis: The cosmopolitan and multicultural nature of modern Guam poses challenges for Chamorros struggling to preserve their culture and identity amidst forces of acculturation.


Premise: What were the first two North American games released?

Hypothesis: The Digimon series has a large number of video games which usually have their own independent storylines with a few sometimes tying into the stories of the anime series or manga series.


Premise: How many aftershocks were there?

Hypothesis: " The latest aftershock exceeding M6 occurred on August 5, 2008.


Premise: When was Twilight Princess launched in North America?

Hypothesis: The Wii version was released alongside the console in North America in November 2006, and in Japan, Europe, and Australia the following month.


Premise: What did the Pan American Health Organization reccomend for those who used treatment to stop homosexuality?

Hypothesis: In 2012, the Pan American Health Organization (the North and South American branch of the World Health Organization) released a statement cautioning against services that purport to "cure" people with non-heterosexual sexual orientations as they lack medical justification and represent a serious threat to the health and well-being of affected people, and noted that the global scientific and professional consensus is that homosexuality is a normal and natural variation of human sexuality and cannot be regarded as a pathological condition.


Premise: Along with Trey Songz, Patti LaBelle, Toni Braxton, Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin, Frank Ocean, Craig David and Mariah Carey, who is a well-known urban AC artist?

Hypothesis: Urban AC's core artists include Luther Vandross, Trey Songz, Patti LaBelle, Toni Braxton, Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin, Frank Ocean, Craig David and Mariah Carey.


Premise: At which time were the 79 rpm no longer mass produced?

Hypothesis: As late as the 1970s, some children's records were released at the 78 rpm speed.


Premise: Following the unification of Germany, who maintained great authority in international affairs for two decades?

Hypothesis: French determination to regain Alsace-Lorraine and fear of another Franco-German war, along with British apprehension about the balance of power, became factors in the causes of World War I.


Premise: Who appoints the Chief of the Defence?

Hypothesis: On the Armed Forces Council sit the heads of Canadian Joint Operations Command and Canadian Special Operations Forces Command, the Vice Chief of the Defence Staff, and the heads of the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, the Royal Canadian Air Force and other key Level 1 organizations.


Premise: What are some countries that have multiple powerful political parties?

Hypothesis: Many countries have numerous powerful political parties, such as Germany and India and some nations have one-party systems, such as China.


Premise: Where the first Germanic words for God masculine or feminine?

Hypothesis: The Germanic words for God were originally neuter—applying to both genders—but during the process of the Christianization of the Germanic peoples from their indigenous Germanic paganism, the words became a masculine syntactic form.


Premise: At what age did Carl Laemmle, Jr. become president of Universal?

Hypothesis: In 1928, Laemmle, Sr. made his son, Carl, Jr. head of Universal Pictures as a 21st birthday present.


Premise: Through what time period did The European renaissance last?

Hypothesis: The European Renaissance (about 1420–1630), which marked the transition between the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern times, started in Italy and was spurred in part by the rediscovery of classical art and literature, as well as the new perspectives gained from the Age of Discovery and the invention of the telescope and microscope, expanding the borders of thought and knowledge.


Premise: Including Arsenal, how many  teams  had won the Premier League up to 2013?

Hypothesis: Arsenal had never progressed beyond the quarter-finals of the Champions League until 2005–06; in that season they became the first club from London in the competition's fifty-year history to reach the final, in which they were beaten 2–1 by Barcelona.


Premise: Why are 99% of pesticide related deaths in underdeveloped countries?

Hypothesis: Owing to inadequate regulation and safety precautions, 99% of pesticide related deaths occur in developing countries that account for only 25% of pesticide usage.


Premise: Which group officially chose the name "Laservision"?

Hypothesis: The LaserVision Association, made up of MCA, Universal-Pioneer, IBM, and Philips/Magnavox, was formed to standardize the technical specifications of the format (which had been causing problems for the consumer market) and finally named the system officially as "LaserVision".


Premise: What war caused severe damage to Germany?

Hypothesis: Strasbourg also offers high-class eclecticist buildings in its very extended German district, the Neustadt, being the main memory of Wilhelmian architecture since most of the major cities in Germany proper suffered intensive damage during World War II.


Premise: What concern did Mao have about the South Korean invasion?

Hypothesis: Mao was concerned that the Americans would intervene but agreed to support the North Korean invasion.


Premise: What is a language like "spring forward, fall back" that acts as a trigger for memory called?

Hypothesis: The North American mnemonic "spring forward, fall back" (also "spring ahead ...


Premise: What benefit were residents of Norfolk Island told they would receive as a result of Australia's assistance?

Hypothesis: A majority of Norfolk Islanders have objected to the Australian plan to make changes to Norfolk Island without first consulting them and allowing their say with 68% of voters against forced changes.


Premise: Why did Gaddafi drop out of college?

Hypothesis: Under Idris, Libya's armed forces were trained by the British military; this angered Gaddafi, who viewed the British as imperialists, and accordingly he refused to learn English and was rude to the British officers, ultimately failing his exams.


Premise: For how long was the interest rate of Sumerian loans consistent?

Hypothesis: The interest rate was set at 1/60 a month (one shekel per mina) some time before 2000 BC and it remained at that level for about two thousand years.


Premise: Who have been studying the impact of climate change and water use?

Hypothesis: Scientists have been studying the impact of climate change and water use.


Premise: When were three additional roads built?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, three new motorways were built during the 1990s and 2000s.


Premise: How much money did Apple make in 2007?

Hypothesis: Apple's 2007 year revenue increased to US$24.01 billion with US$3.5 billion in profits.


Premise: How many aspects does dukkha have?

Hypothesis: Dukkha is commonly translated as "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", "unease", etc., and it is said to have the following three aspects:


Premise: Lots of older buildings are supported by what?

Hypothesis: Many older buildings in certain areas of Boston are supported by wooden piles driven into the area's fill; these piles remain sound if submerged in water, but are subject to dry rot if exposed to air for long periods.


Premise: Around which time was the mass membership party started?

Hypothesis: They started a new party type, the mass membership party, and a new source of political fundraising, membership dues.


Premise: What does a ski-jump ramp convert in order to be successful?

Hypothesis: Another deck structure that can be seen is a ski-jump ramp at the forward end of the flight deck.


Premise: What university did Darwin attend?

Hypothesis: Starting in 1827, at Cambridge University, Darwin learnt science as natural theology from botanist John Stevens Henslow, and read Paley, John Herschel and Alexander von Humboldt.


Premise: When was the Windows 8 Release Preview accidentally revealed?

Hypothesis: Many other builds were released until the Japan's Developers Day conference, when Steven Sinofsky announced that Windows 8 Release Preview (build 8400) would be released during the first week of June.


Premise: Does research favor or reject the hypothesis that adolescents and adults think about risk similarly but hold different values and therefore come to different conclusions?

Hypothesis: Research seems to favor the hypothesis that adolescents and adults think about risk in similar ways, but hold different values and thus come to different conclusions.


Premise: Are the state requirements to be tax exempt the same as the Federal requirements?

Hypothesis: These exemptions generally have separate applications and their requirements may differ from the IRS requirements.


Premise: What revolutionary group sought to overthrow the president of Sudan?

Hypothesis: In 1973 he converted Gabonese President Omar Bongo, an action which he repeated three years later with Jean-Bédel Bokassa, president of the Central African Republic.


Premise: What happened in 2007-2008 that had a drop in viewers for all networks?

Hypothesis: Overall ratings for the season were down 10% from season six, which is in line with the fall in viewership across all networks due in part to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike.


Premise: Migration to Russia continued into many countries where?

Hypothesis: This extended beyond the Soviet Union to many countries of the Eastern bloc.


Premise: Where did most rounds shot at aircraft usually explode?

Hypothesis: With little experience in the role, no means of measuring target, range, height or speed the difficulty of observing their shell bursts relative to the target gunners proved unable to get their fuse setting correct and most rounds burst well below their targets.


Premise: What is another important factor which governs how a capacitor ages?

Hypothesis: Aging is fastest near the beginning of life of the component, and the device stabilizes over time.


Premise: Why is sequencing done on plants?

Hypothesis: The sequencing of some other relatively small genomes, of rice (Oryza sativa) and Brachypodium distachyon, has made them important model species for understanding the genetics, cellular and molecular biology of cereals, grasses and monocots generally.


Premise: How much of Greece's economy is comprised of industrial sectors?

Hypothesis: Greece is a developed country with an economy based on the service (82.8%) and industrial sectors (13.3%).


Premise: What was Gaddafi's role in jamahiriya?

Hypothesis: Officially adopting a symbolic role in governance, he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents.


Premise: Are there exceptions to Texas official language?

Hypothesis: However, the continual influx of Spanish-speaking immigrants increased the import of Spanish in Texas.


Premise: Who wrote The Planets?

Hypothesis: While appearing only as featured solo instruments in some works, for example Maurice Ravel's orchestration of Modest Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition and Sergei Rachmaninoff's Symphonic Dances, the saxophone is included in other works, such as Ravel's Boléro, Sergei Prokofiev's Romeo and Juliet Suites 1 and 2 and many other works as a member of the orchestral ensemble.


Premise: Which car company released the first automobile interface for the iPod?

Hypothesis: BMW released the first iPod automobile interface, allowing drivers of newer BMW vehicles to control an iPod using either the built-in steering wheel controls or the radio head-unit buttons.


Premise: What people are particularly known for eating buff?

Hypothesis: There is a strong tradition of buff consumption in Kathmandu, especially among Newars, which is not found in other parts of Nepal.


Premise: Prussia claimed almost all of what territory?

Hypothesis: As part of the settlement, almost all of the territory of Alsace-Lorraine was taken by Prussia to become a part of Germany, which it would retain until the end of World War I.


Premise: To which pope can the Evangelium Vitae be attributed to?

Hypothesis: Pope John Paul II later reaffirmed and expanded upon Humanae vitae with the encyclical Evangelium vitae.


Premise: What was Von Neumann's mother's name?

Hypothesis: John's mother was Kann Margit (Margaret Kann); her parents were Jakab Kann and Katalin Meisels.


Premise: What year did walkscore rank Boston the third most walkable city in the US?

Hypothesis: As of 2015[update], Walk Score still ranks Boston as the third most walkable US city, with a Walk Score of 80, a Transit Score of 75, and a Bike Score of 70.


Premise: What was the number of French prisoners?

Hypothesis: The French losses were 7,855 killed and wounded along with 4,420 prisoners of war (half of them were wounded) for a total of 12,275.


Premise: Obligations for minority leader are stated in what document?

Hypothesis: Many of these assignments or roles are spelled out in the House rule book.


Premise: What does SPAAG stand for?

Hypothesis: As well as the small and large systems, for effective air defence there must be intermediate systems.


Premise: What did the ethnic Chinese call the disabled torch bearer?

Hypothesis: The third torchbearer in the Paris leg, Jin Jing, who was disabled and carried the torch on a wheelchair, was assaulted several times by unidentified protestors seemingly from the pro-Tibet independent camp.


Premise: What does Tanka mean?

Hypothesis: "In 1727 the to-min or 'idle people' of Cheh Kiang province (a Ningpo name still existing), the yoh-hu or 'music people' of Shanxi province, the si-min or 'small people' of Kiang Su (Jiangsu) province, and the Tanka people or 'egg-people' of Canton (to this day the boat population there), were all freed from their social disabilities, and allowed to count as free men."


Premise: Who wrote the headline "The Truth"?

Hypothesis: Despite the headline, written by Kelvin MacKenzie, the story was based on allegations either by unnamed and unattributable sources, or hearsay accounts of what named individuals had said – a fact made clear to MacKenzie by Harry Arnold, the reporter who wrote the story.


Premise: How many religious proclamations did Madison issue while President?

Hypothesis: Madison issued four religious proclamations while President, but vetoed two bills on the grounds they violated the first amendment.


Premise: Under what Emperor did this group sit?

Hypothesis: The founding documents of many countries, including Constitutions and Law Codes, can count as literature; however, most legal writings rarely exhibit much literary merit, as they tend to be rather Written by Samuel Dean.


Premise: Who was the president of Tunisia in 2011?

Hypothesis: Following the start of the Arab Spring in 2011, Gaddafi spoke out in favour of Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, then threatened by the Tunisian Revolution.


Premise: How much of trophy hunters expenditures actually reach the local level?

Hypothesis: A scientific study in the journal, Biological Conservation, states that trophy hunting is of "major importance to conservation in Africa by creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas, including areas which may be unsuitable for alternative wildlife-based land uses such as photographic ecotourism."


Premise: What building known for its bronze-tinted I-beams was completed in 1957?

Hypothesis: A highly influential example of the international style in the United States is the Seagram Building (1957), distinctive for its façade using visible bronze-toned I-beams to evoke the building's structure.


Premise: Who created a biological classification in 1735?

Hypothesis: John Ray developed an influential natural theology of rational order; in his taxonomy, species were static and fixed, their adaptation and complexity designed by God, and varieties showed minor differences caused by local conditions.


Premise: How many USB ports may a host controller provide?

Hypothesis: Up to 127 devices, including hub devices if present, may be connected to a single host controller.


Premise: How many people were single in Bern in 2000?

Hypothesis: There were 49,873 married individuals, 9,345 widows or widowers and 9,468 individuals who are divorced.


Premise: Which principles did Leibniz's arguments trade heavily upon?

Hypothesis: These arguments trade heavily on two principles central to his philosophy: the principle of sufficient reason and the identity of indiscernibles.


Premise: What other financial instruments had significant defaults and losses as a result of the crisis expanding from housing to other parts of the economy?

Hypothesis: Defaults and losses on other loan types also increased significantly as the crisis expanded from the housing market to other parts of the economy.


Premise: In the 1880s, who constructed the first solar cell?

Hypothesis: In the last two decades, photovoltaics (PV), also known as solar PV, has evolved from a pure niche market of small scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source.


Premise: Who was the first person to bring Presbyterianism into Taiwan?

Hypothesis: His colleague George Leslie Mackay, of the Canadian Presbyterian Mission, was active in Danshui and north Taiwan from 1872 to 1901; he founded the island's first university and hospital, and created a written script for Taiwanese Minnan.


Premise: What time period was the Korean farm site dated?

Hypothesis: The farm was dated between 3600 and 3000 B.C. Pottery, stone projectile points, and possible houses were also found.


Premise: How long did Ronaldo remain with Barcelona?

Hypothesis: Despite this domestic success, the failure to emulate Real Madrid in the Champions League led to van Gaal and Núñez resigning in 2000.


Premise: How many years did it take Blu-ray and HD-DVD players to duplicate MUSE technology?

Hypothesis: In 1991, several manufacturers announced specifications for what would become known as MUSE LaserDisc, representing a span of almost 15 years until the feats of this HD analog optical disc system would finally be duplicated digitally by HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc.


Premise: What two groups are considered two ethnonyms for a single ethnicity and the terms may even be used interchangeably?

Hypothesis: Bosniak and Muslim are considered two ethnonyms for a single ethnicity and the terms may even be used interchangeably.


Premise: How much did Jackie Chan donate to support?

Hypothesis: The Artistes 512 Fund Raising Campaign, an 8-hour fundraising marathon, was held on June 1 in Hong Kong; it was attended by some 200 Sinosphere musicians and celebrities.


Premise: Who was the youngest Royal Marine Brigadier?

Hypothesis: When promoted to Brigadier at age 39, following his wounding at the Anzio landings, Harvey became the youngest-ever Royal Marine Brigadier.


Premise: Prior to 2014 when was the most recent large sale of vinyl records?

Hypothesis: The sales of the record beat the largest sales in one week on vinyl since 1991.


Premise: Who was the first to fly the Silver Dart?

Hypothesis: With the successful flight, the AEA disbanded and the Silver Dart would revert to Baldwin and McCurdy who began the Canadian Aerodrome Company and would later demonstrate the aircraft to the Canadian Army.


Premise: Who bailed out financial institutions?

Hypothesis: These instruments also made it virtually impossible to reorganize financial institutions in bankruptcy, and contributed to the need for government bailouts.


Premise: Where did Vassilis Vryonides study?

Hypothesis: Arguably the two founding fathers of modern Cypriot art were Adamantios Diamantis (1900–1994) who studied at London's Royal College of Art and Christopheros Savva (1924–1968) who also studied in London, at Saint Martin's School of Art.


Premise: Who has used programs such as Carnivore and NarusInsight to eavesdrop on the systems of internet service providers?

Hypothesis: Even machines that operate as a closed system (i.e., with no contact to the outside world) can be eavesdropped upon via monitoring the faint electro-magnetic transmissions generated by the hardware; TEMPEST is a specification by the NSA referring to these attacks.


Premise: What was it imperative for the Japanese to hold?

Hypothesis: The Japanese planes would hit the U.S. carriers, land at Guam to refuel, then hit the enemy again when returning to their carriers.


Premise: What race named after a car company used to be hosted in Southampton?

Hypothesis: From 1977 to 2001 the Whitbread Around the World Yacht Race, which is now known as the Volvo Ocean Race was based in Southampton's Ocean Village marina.


Premise: What is gustatory communication include in dogs?

Hypothesis: Dog communication is about how dogs "speak" to each other, how they understand messages that humans send to them, and how humans can translate the ideas that dogs are trying to transmit.:xii


Premise: What PC was taking corporate customers from Dell?

Hypothesis: Dell and fellow American contemporary Hewlett Packard came under pressure from Asian PC manufacturers Lenovo, Asus, and Acer, all of which had lower production costs and willing to accept lower profit margins.


Premise: How long is the second phase of the riverfront?

Hypothesis: The second phase is a two-mile (3 km) extension from Hart Plaza to the Ambassador Bridge for a total of five miles (8 km) of parkway from bridge to bridge.


Premise: La Salle Street runs between Amsterdam Avenue and which other Avenue?

Hypothesis: West of Convent Avenue, 125th Street was re-routed onto the old Manhattan Avenue.


Premise: Cognitive science seeks to join what two branches of science with other fields?

Hypothesis: The field of neuroscience encompasses all approaches that seek to understand the brain and the rest of the nervous system.


Premise: What was the length of a term that a king would be elected for in the Roman Kingdom?

Hypothesis: Before the revolution, a king would be elected by the senators for a life term.


Premise: Every state, other than the free states, consist of districts called what?

Hypothesis: The Districts of Germany (Kreise) are administrative districts, and every state except the city-states of Berlin, Hamburg, and Bremen consists of "rural districts" (Landkreise), District-free Towns/Cities


Premise: According to family economic and financial education specialists, how do adolescents develop sound money management skills?

Hypothesis: Differences between families in the distribution of financial responsibilities or provision of allowance may reflect various social background circumstances and intrafamilial processes, which are further influenced by cultural norms and values, as well as by the business sector and market economy of a given society.


Premise: How many universities were within Europe by the completion of the 18th century?

Hypothesis: This pace continued until by the end of the 18th century there were approximately 143 universities in Europe and Eastern Europe, with the highest concentrations in the German Empire (34), Italian countries (26), France (25), and Spain (23) –


Premise: What did Sadat and Begin sign?

Hypothesis: Later that year, Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat made a trip to Israel and spoke before the Knesset in what was the first recognition of Israel by an Arab head of state.


Premise: After the team moved to what city were the cannon left off the crest?

Hypothesis: Unveiled in 1888, Royal Arsenal's first crest featured three cannon viewed from above, pointing northwards, similar to the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich (nowadays transferred to the coat of arms of the Royal Borough of Greenwich).


Premise: How many lives were lost?

Hypothesis: The war ended on 26 October with Israel successfully repelling Egyptian and Syrian forces but having suffered over 2,500 soldiers killed in a war which collectively took 10–35,000 lives in just 20 days.


Premise: When did season six premiere?

Hypothesis: The premiere drew a massive audience of 37.3 million viewers, peaking in the last half hour with more than 41 million viewers.


Premise: What continent did a lot of work from Dell's plants get transferred to?

Hypothesis: The plant in Winston-Salem, North Carolina received $280 million USD in incentives from the state and opened in 2005, but ceased operations in November 2010, and Dell's contract with the state requires them to repay the incentives for failing to meet the conditions.


Premise: Who styled the court in France for more modern design after 1771?

Hypothesis: The first phase of neoclassicism in France is expressed in the "Louis XVI style" of architects like Ange-Jacques Gabriel (Petit Trianon, 1762–68); the second phase, in the styles called Directoire and "Empire", might be characterized by Jean Chalgrin's severe astylar Arc de Triomphe (designed in 1806).


Premise: Nintendo charged producers hefty sums to make what?

Hypothesis: A variety of games for the FDS were released by Nintendo (including some like Super Mario Bros. which had already been released on cartridge) and third party companies such as Konami and Taito.


Premise: When was Brazelton killed?

Hypothesis: After killing Stilwell, Wyatt deputized others and rode on a vendetta, killing three more cowboys over the next few days before leaving the state.


Premise: Before insulin, what was the life expectancy of diabetics?

Hypothesis: Prior to the discovery and widespread availability of insulin therapy the life expectancy of diabetics was only a few months.


Premise: What part of the Bronx formerly a salt marsh?

Hypothesis: Further up the coastline, Rodman's Neck lies between Pelham Bay Park in the northeast and City Island.


Premise: What are two opposing theories of early 20th century immunology?

Hypothesis: Many theories have been suggested in immunology from the end of the nineteenth century up to the present time.


Premise: What country is the organisation Cask Marque located?

Hypothesis: Drinking chilled beer began with the development of artificial refrigeration and by the 1870s, was spread in those countries that concentrated on brewing pale lager.


Premise: On what date were the members of the RCC announced?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi remained the government's public face, with the identities of the other RCC members only being publicly revealed on 10 January 1970.


Premise: Along with formal settings, where do some Italians avoid speaking their regional language?

Hypothesis: However, to some Italians, speaking a regional language, especially in a formal setting or outside of one's region, may carry a stigma or negative connotations associated with being lower class, uneducated, boorish, or overly informal.


Premise: What class is the Hexapoda ranked?

Hypothesis: A recent theory is that the Hexapoda are polyphyletic (where the last common ancestor was not a member of the group), with the entognath classes having separate evolutionary histories from the Insecta.


Premise: Which Southampton theatre won The Stage Award for Best Regional Theatre for 2015?

Hypothesis: There is also the Nuffield Theatre based at the University of Southampton's Highfield campus, which is the city's primary producing theatre.


Premise: What is an application of varactors?

Hypothesis: Mechanically controlled variable capacitors allow the plate spacing to be adjusted, for example by rotating or sliding a set of movable plates into alignment with a set of stationary plates.


Premise: In Sumerian, what are morphemes added together to create?

Hypothesis: It is an agglutinative language; in other words, morphemes ("units of meaning") are added together to create words, unlike analytic languages where morphemes are purely added together to create sentences.


Premise: What year was the Olympic Games apparatus and events standardized?

Hypothesis: By 1954, Olympic Games apparatus and events for both men and women had been standardized in modern format, and uniform grading structures (including a point system from 1 to 15) had been agreed upon.


Premise: When were jet bridge systems introduced to modern airport terminals?

Hypothesis: Airport construction boomed during the 1960s with the increase in jet aircraft traffic.


Premise: Which region has greater numbers of Latino and Asian residents?

Hypothesis: Anti-miscegenation laws were passed in most states during the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries, but this did not prevent white slaveholders, their sons, or other powerful white men from taking slave women as concubines and having multiracial children with them.


Premise: Which magazine listed Ann Arbor as one of the most liveable cities in the USA?

Hypothesis: And in the year 2010, Forbes listed Ann Arbor as one of the most liveable cities in the United States of America.


Premise: How much was the second television rights contract awarded to Sky worth?

Hypothesis: Sky and BT have agreed to jointly pay £84.3 million for delayed television rights to 242 games (that is the right to broadcast them in full on television and over the internet) in most cases for a period of 50 hours after 10 pm on matchday.


Premise: Where are food molecules oxidised to carbon dioxide and water?

Hypothesis: Any living organism relies on an external source of energy—radiation from the Sun in the case of green plants, chemical energy in some form in the case of animals—to be able to grow and reproduce.


Premise: Which verse in Luke states that Mary had "no relations with man" before Jesus' birth?

Hypothesis: [Lk 1:34]


Premise: How many ships did the Yuan send to invade Japan?

Hypothesis: In 1274, the Mongol-founded Yuan dynasty in China sent a force of some 40,000 men and 900 ships to invade Japan in northern Kyūshū.


Premise: What team did Barcelona's total competition wins pass?

Hypothesis: The UEFA Super Cup victory also marked another impressive achievement as Josep Guardiola won his 12th trophy out of 15 possible in only three years at the helm of the club, becoming the all-time record holder of most titles won as a coach at FC Barcelona.


Premise: When were track versions of the game's sountrack released?

Hypothesis: Both six- and seven-track versions of the game's soundtrack were released on November 19, 2006, as part of a Nintendo Power promotion and bundled with replicas of the Master Sword and the Hylian Shield.


Premise: What event ended the "classic period"?

Hypothesis: During this period, the Empire was marked by a highly centralized administration connecting the different regions.


Premise: What was the nature of the role of the Vestals in state sacrifices?

Hypothesis: The Vestals cared for the Lares and Penates of the state that were the equivalent of those enshrined in each home.


Premise: Where did students after the scientific revolution put science on the scale of importance?

Hypothesis: Regardless of the way the tension between universities, individual scientists, and the scientific revolution itself is perceived, there was a discernible impact on the way that university education was constructed.


Premise: Around what time was the Archimedes' principle discovered?

Hypothesis: upon the discovery of Archimedes' principle.


Premise: The area west of London's city is characterized by what type of building?

Hypothesis: Some areas of the city, particularly those just west of the centre, are characterised by white stucco or whitewashed buildings.


Premise: How long has flower evolution occurred?

Hypothesis: Flower evolution continues to the present day; modern flowers have been so profoundly influenced by humans that some of them cannot be pollinated in nature.


Premise: What is the maximum prison time for infringement under the new law?

Hypothesis: Maximum penalties can be five years in prison and up to $250,000 in fines.


Premise: On which date did Detroit file bankruptcy?

Hypothesis: On November 7, 2014, Judge Rhodes approved the city's bankruptcy plan, allowing the city to begin the process of exiting bankruptcy.


Premise: Where did Chopin and Hiller go with the person Chopin met in the spring of 1834?

Hypothesis: In the spring of 1834, Chopin attended the Lower Rhenish Music Festival in Aix-la-Chapelle with Hiller, and it was there that Chopin met Felix Mendelssohn.


Premise: The typic Swiss chalet originated from where?

Hypothesis: The typical Swiss chalet originated in the Bernese Oberland.


Premise: What is notable about the city forest Eilenriede?

Hypothesis: Some other popular sights are the Waterloo Column, the Laves House, the Wangenheim Palace, the Lower Saxony State Archives, the Hanover Playhouse, the Kröpcke Clock, the Anzeiger Tower Block, the Administration Building of the NORD/LB, the Cupola Hall of the Congress Centre, the Lower Saxony Stock, the Ministry of Finance, the Garten Church, the Luther Church, the Gehry Tower (designed by the American architect Frank O. Gehry), the specially designed Bus Stops, the Opera House, the Central Station, the Maschsee lake and the city forest Eilenriede, which is one of the largest of its kind in Europe.


Premise: Which village do 3rd and 4th Street extend into?

Hypothesis: Great Jones Street connects East 3rd to West 3rd.


Premise: Where are many of the corporate headquarters and other tall buildings located?

Hypothesis: Interlomas, which are also the city's most important areas of class A office space, corporate headquarters, skyscrapers and shopping malls.


Premise: What was Tucson's population in 1940?

Hypothesis: In 2006 the population of Pima County, in which Tucson is located, passed one million while the City of Tucson's population was 535,000.


Premise: How much material did the North Koreans give to the Chinese communists?

Hypothesis: According to Chinese sources, the North Koreans donated 2,000 railway cars worth of matériel while thousands of Koreans served in the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) during the war.


Premise: What damaged the Eisenhower Pine in February 2014?

Hypothesis: The tree was removed in February 2014 after an ice storm caused it significant damage.


Premise: What is the modern replacement for Ceefax?

Hypothesis: This service allows BBC viewers to view textual information such as the latest news on their television.


Premise: What does the first stage of puberty involve for males?

Hypothesis: The first ejaculation of seminal fluid generally occurs about one year after the beginning of accelerated penis growth, although this is often determined culturally rather than biologically, since for many boys first ejaculation occurs as a result of masturbation.


Premise: The two great ancient Greek historians were?

Hypothesis: In ancient Greece, the epics of Homer, who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey, and Hesiod, who wrote Works and Days and Theogony, are some of the earliest, and most influential, of Ancient Greek literature.


Premise: How soon after did another series start after the Digimon Adventure 02?

Hypothesis: The film series also feature several DigiDestined having their partners Digivolve up to the Mega level for the first time, a feat only Tai and Matt had achieved previously.


Premise: What did the smallpox epidemic reduce the population down to in Chamorro?

Hypothesis: Captain Juan de Santiago started a campaign to pacify the island, which was continued by the successive commanders of the Spanish forces.:68–74


Premise: Who did Madonna play in the role A League Of Their Own?

Hypothesis: In 1992, Madonna had a role in A League of Their Own as Mae Mordabito, a baseball player on an all-women's team.


Premise: In 1203, what area was a stronghold of the Cathar?

Hypothesis: At that time the south of France was the stronghold of the Cathar or Albigensian heresy, named after the Duke of Albi, a Cathar sympathiser and opponent to the subsequent Albigensian Crusade (1209–1229).


Premise: Why did On the Origin of Species likely raise so much interest and debate?

Hypothesis: The book aroused international interest and a widespread debate, with no sharp line between scientific issues and ideological, social and religious implications.


Premise: What does it take a person to be able to do?

Hypothesis: Relying exclusively on unedited machine translation, however, ignores the fact that communication in human language is context-embedded and that it takes a person to comprehend the context of the original text with a reasonable degree of probability.


Premise: Most make insects contain a pair of what?

Hypothesis: Most male insects have a pair of testes, inside of which are sperm tubes or follicles that are enclosed within a membranous sac.


Premise: What percentage of Imperial's staff was deemed to be internationally excellent in 2008?

Hypothesis: The 2008 Research Assessment Exercise also showed five subjects – Pure Mathematics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, and Mechanical, Aeronautical and Manufacturing Engineering – were assessed to be the best[clarification needed] in terms of the proportion of internationally recognised research quality.


Premise: Who were the likely heirs?

Hypothesis: The leading contenders for power at this time were Hong Taiji's oldest son Hooge and Hong Taiji' half brother Dorgon.


Premise: What year did the foundation end its run?

Hypothesis: In 2008, following the death of West's mother, the foundation was rechristened "The Dr. Donda West Foundation."


Premise: Madonna and Maverick sued which company for poor bookkeeping and mismanagement of resources?

Hypothesis: The next year Madonna and Maverick sued Warner Music Group and its former parent company Time Warner, claiming that mismanagement of resources and poor bookkeeping had cost the company millions of dollars.


Premise: How many Fortune 500 companies call Philadelpia home?

Hypothesis: Philadelphia is the center of economic activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies.


Premise: How does the University Library rank among North American university libraries?

Hypothesis: The Northwestern library system consists of four libraries on the Evanston campus including the present main library, University Library and the original library building, Deering Library; three libraries on the Chicago campus; and the library affiliated with Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary.


Premise: About how large is the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in acres?

Hypothesis: Gateway National Recreation Area contains over 26,000 acres (10,521.83 ha) in total, most of it surrounded by New York City, including the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in Brooklyn and Queens, over 9,000 acres (36 km2) of salt marsh, islands, and water, including most of Jamaica Bay.


Premise: What is required of hunting migratory waterfowl?

Hypothesis: Hunting migratory waterfowl requires a duck stamp from the Fish and Wildlife Service in addition to the appropriate state hunting license.


Premise: Who was the leader of the American Idol band in season five?

Hypothesis: With the exception of seasons one and two, the contestants in the semifinals onwards perform in front of a studio audience.


Premise: What is the name of the trumpet like musical instrument made of wood has become the epitome of traditional Swiss music?

Hypothesis: The alphorn, a trumpet-like musical instrument made of wood, has become alongside yodeling and the accordion an epitome of traditional Swiss music.


Premise: What cells produce antibodies?

Hypothesis: The humoral (antibody) response is defined as the interaction between antibodies and antigens.


Premise: Who initially proposed using the term "Native American" to recognize the primacy of the native population?

Hypothesis: However, since the 20th century, indigenous peoples in the Americas have been more vocal about the ways they wish to be referred to, pressing for the elimination of terms widely considered to be obsolete, inaccurate, or racist.


Premise: How much did Beyoncé get for a deal with a soft drink company in 2012?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, NetBase found that Beyoncé's campaign was the most talked about endorsement in April 2013, with a 70 per cent positive audience response to the commercial and print ads.


Premise: Who reclaimed the Seoul?

Hypothesis: On 25 September, Seoul was recaptured by South Korean forces.


Premise: Who was one of the original survivor's to sail on to Jamestown.

Hypothesis: Among them was John Rolfe, whose wife and child died and were buried in Bermuda.


Premise: Whose philosophy heavily influenced Hayek?

Hypothesis: On his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein.


Premise: What ancient civilization lived in Punjab?

Hypothesis: Punjab was part of the Indus Valley Civilization, more than 4000 years ago.


Premise: In pence, what did the cheapest beer cost in the four-ale bar?

Hypothesis: This bar was known as the four-ale bar from the days when the cheapest beer served there cost 4 pence (4d) a quart.[citation needed]


Premise: When did American military involvement ramp up in Vietnam?

Hypothesis: The Vietnam War was a war fought between 1959 and 1975 on the ground in South Vietnam and bordering areas of Cambodia and Laos (see Secret War) and in the strategic bombing (see Operation Rolling Thunder) of North Vietnam.


Premise: How do Dusky grouse migrate?

Hypothesis: Bird migration is not limited to birds that can fly.


Premise: What is the origin of the word ale?

Hypothesis: The word ale comes from Old English ealu (plural ealoþ), in turn from Proto-Germanic *alu (plural *aluþ), ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European base *h₂elut-, which holds connotations of "sorcery, magic, possession, intoxication".


Premise: When was the word "genocide" first used?

Hypothesis: Before this, in 1941, Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as "a crime without a name".


Premise: What do these policy statements suggest?

Hypothesis: No major mental health professional organization has sanctioned efforts to change sexual orientation and virtually all of them have adopted policy statements cautioning the profession and the public about treatments that purport to change sexual orientation.


Premise: Who would be responsible for the election of a plebeian tribune?

Hypothesis: Once a measure received support from a majority of the tribes, the voting would end.


Premise: How many votes did the vote of confidence lose by in 1979?

Hypothesis: When the Labour government duly refused to push ahead with setting up the proposed Scottish Assembly, the SNP withdrew its support for the government: this finally brought the government down as it triggered a vote of confidence in Callaghan's government that was lost by a single vote on 28 March 1979, necessitating a general election.


Premise: How many seats are in the Legislative Council of Saint Helena?

Hypothesis: These proposals were put to a referendum on 23 March 2013 where they were defeated by 158 votes to 42 on a 10% turnout.


Premise: What types of stimuli were found to arouse women?

Hypothesis: The study found that women's genitals become aroused to both human and nonhuman stimuli from movies showing humans of both genders having sex (heterosexual and homosexual) and from videos showing non-human primates (bonobos) having sex.


Premise: What was society in  the Tokugawa period based in?

Hypothesis: Society in the Japanese "Tokugawa period" (Edo society), unlike the shogunates before it, was based on the strict class hierarchy originally established by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.


Premise: Who originally built Mexico City?

Hypothesis: In 1524, the municipality of Mexico City was established, known as México Tenochtitlán, and as of 1585 it was officially known as Ciudad de México (Mexico City).


Premise: What was Beringia?

Hypothesis: The majority of experts agree that the earliest pre-modern human migration via Beringia took place at least 13,500 years ago, with disputed evidence that people had migrated into the Americas much earlier, up to 40,000 years ago.


Premise: In what city and state did the 1993 All-Star Game occur?

Hypothesis: In 1993, the league staged its first All-Star Game in Des Moines, Iowa, the future home of the long-running Iowa Barnstormers, as a fundraiser for flood victims in the area.


Premise: What dates back to 36,000 BP?

Hypothesis: Dyed flax fibers that could have been used in clothing have been found in a prehistoric cave in the Republic of Georgia that date back to 36,000 BP.


Premise: What outcome surprised the Germans the following day?

Hypothesis: The French were unaware of German numerical superiority at the beginning of the battle as the German 2nd Army did not attack all at once.


Premise: what was the name of Blake Baxter's 1987 hit recording?

Hypothesis: Blake Baxter's 1986 recording, "When we Used to Play / Work your Body", 1987's "Bounce Your Body to the Box" and "Force Field", "The Sound / How to Play our Music" and "the Groove that Won't Stop" and a remix of "Grooving Without a Doubt".


Premise: In what year did the Battle of Actium take place?

Hypothesis: The Hellenistic period covers the period of ancient Greek (Hellenic) history and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year.


Premise: Who was the Governor of Michigan in 1967?

Hypothesis: Governor George W. Romney ordered the Michigan National Guard into Detroit, and President Johnson sent in U.S. Army troops.


Premise: By what year had DVD taken over the LaserDisc market?

Hypothesis: Although the LaserDisc format was supplanted by DVD by the late 1990s, many LD titles are still highly coveted by movie enthusiasts (for example, Disney's Song of the South which is unavailable in the US in any format, but was issued in Japan on LD).


Premise: Who did Eisenhower donate his farm to in 1967?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower retired to the place where he and Mamie had spent much of their post-war time, a working farm adjacent to the battlefield at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, only 70 miles from his ancestral home in Elizabethville, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania.


Premise: What special item is included with certain versions of Twilight Princess HD?

Hypothesis: Special bundles of the game contain a Wolf Link Amiibo figurine, which unlocks a Wii U-exclusive dungeon called the "Cave of Shadows" and can carry data over to the upcoming 2016 Zelda game.


Premise: Where was coal first found on Antarctica?

Hypothesis: It was first recorded near the Beardmore Glacier by Frank Wild on the Nimrod Expedition, and now low-grade coal is known across many parts of the Transantarctic Mountains.


Premise: What was the samurai's short sword called?

Hypothesis: katana and wakizashi) becoming more of a symbolic emblem of power rather than a weapon used in daily life.


Premise: Who invited Dominic to stay in the Roman Basilica of Santa Sabina?

Hypothesis: Before that time the friars had only a temporary residence in Rome at the convent of San Sisto Vecchio which Honorius III had given to Dominic circa 1218 intending it to become a convent for a reformation of nuns at Rome under Dominic's guidance.


Premise: Who was the Durango governor?

Hypothesis: The elections for the first regular legislature were disputed, and it was not until May 1, 1826, that the body was installed.


Premise: What is one called that believes he has the one religion, but that the others aren't necessarily wrong?

Hypothesis: Another view is religious pluralism.


Premise: When was the Satavahana Empire divided into smaller states?

Hypothesis: They had to compete with the Shunga Empire and then the Kanva dynasty of Magadha to establish their rule.


Premise: What is the illusion given by these effects?

Hypothesis: Because there is no roof, passengers are able to see the walls of the shaft by looking up, which gives the illusion of the room stretching.


Premise: What are Guinea-Bissau's major exports?

Hypothesis: Guinea-Bissau's GDP per capita is one of the lowest in the world, and its Human Development Index is one of the lowest on earth.


Premise: How dense was the population of Kathmandu in 1991?

Hypothesis: In one decade, the population increased from 427,045 in 1991 to 671,805 in 2001.


Premise: Who is the Prince Hall Lodge open to?

Hypothesis: While celebrating their heritage as lodges of black Americans, Prince Hall is open to all men regardless of race or religion.


Premise: What is the largest employer in Detroit?

Hypothesis: Midtown's anchors are the city's largest single employer Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, and the Henry Ford Health System in New Center.


Premise: What was the most recent year of the Phillipines pushing for statehood?

Hypothesis: As recently as 2004, the concept of the Philippines becoming a U.S. state has been part of a political platform in the Philippines.


Premise: In which season was Bo Bice a contestant on American Idol?

Hypothesis: Season four premiered on January 18, 2005; this was the first season of the series to be aired in high definition, although the finale of season three was also aired in high definition.


Premise: Before the Bey Hive, fans of Beyonce were called what?

Hypothesis: Fans were previously titled "The Beyontourage", (a portmanteau of Beyoncé and entourage).


Premise: Where did the torch end up in Istanbul?

Hypothesis: Several protesters who tried to disrupt the relay were promptly arrested by the police.


Premise: SURE provides what kind of service to the territory?

Hypothesis: SURE provide the telecommunications service in the territory through a digital copper-based telephone network including ADSL-broadband service.


Premise: In March 2012, which party won by an historic landslide?

Hypothesis: In March 2012, the new party achieved Government in an historic landslide, led by former Brisbane Lord Mayor, Campbell Newman.


Premise: In what year was it announced that the Shell Group would move to a single capital structure?

Hypothesis: The shares of the company were issued at a 60/40 advantage for the shareholders of Royal Dutch in line with the original ownership of the Shell Group.


Premise: What was Eisenhower's favorite film?

Hypothesis: Angels in the Outfield was Eisenhower's favorite movie.


Premise: How many acres were burned in the historic Cedar Fire of 2003?

Hypothesis: In October 2003, San Diego was the site of the Cedar Fire, which has been called the largest wildfire in California over the past century.


Premise: What was the event called that caused  Ayutthaya  to reclaim lost territories ?

Hypothesis: With Burma preoccupied by the Chinese threat, Ayutthaya recovered its territories by 1770, and went on to capture Lan Na by 1776.


Premise: What year did the first undergraduate class including women graduate from Yale?

Hypothesis: The undergraduate class of 1973 was the first class to have women starting from freshman year; at the time, all undergraduate women were housed in Vanderbilt Hall at the south end of Old Campus.[citation needed]


Premise: What are the Digimon villians main goals?

Hypothesis: The franchise focuses on Digimon creatures, which are monsters living in a "Digital World", a parallel universe that originated from Earth's various communication networks.


Premise: MundoFox is an example of what?

Hypothesis: Spanish-language television networks, including MundoFox (WFXZ-CD), Univision (WUNI), Telemundo (WNEU), and Telefutura (WUTF-DT), have a presence in the region, with WNEU and WUTF serving as network owned-and-operated stations.


Premise: What type of weather changes did areas outside of the tropics experience?

Hypothesis: Eventually, tropics were restricted to the equator and areas beyond the tropic lines featured extreme seasonal changes in weather.


Premise: When might the size of an antenna cause an issue?

Hypothesis: The physical size of an antenna is often a practical issue, particularly at lower frequencies (longer wavelengths).


Premise: What is the meaning of bhasa?

Hypothesis: A Sanskrit loanword encountered in many Southeast Asian languages is the word bhāṣā, or spoken language, which is used to refer to the names of many languages.


Premise: Who were the main characters in Stover at Yale?

Hypothesis: The narrator, Nick Carraway, wrote a series of editorials for the Yale News, and Tom Buchanan was "one of the most powerful ends that ever played football" for Yale.


Premise: Who was the last Republican DA?

Hypothesis: It has 90 legally trained judges elected by the voters.


Premise: What percentage of copper is used in electrical wires?

Hypothesis: The major applications of copper are in electrical wires (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%) and industrial machinery (15%).


Premise: What is the name of the process under development at the Weizmann Institute?

Hypothesis: Hydrogen production technologies been a significant area of solar chemical research since the 1970s.


Premise: How did he believe Jesus came into the world?

Hypothesis: Also in these books, Athanasius put forward the belief that the Son of God, the eternal Word through whom God created the world, entered that world in human form to lead men back into the harmony from which they had earlier fallen away.


Premise: How many Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Washington University?

Hypothesis: Twenty-five Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Washington University, nine having done the major part of their pioneering research at the university.


Premise: What type of architecture does the Music Palace have?

Hypothesis: The Music Palace (Palau De La Música) is another noteworthy example of modern architecture in Valencia.


Premise: Who was Harper Lee's sister?

Hypothesis: Mary McDonagh Murphy interviewed celebrities including Oprah Winfrey, Rosanne Cash, Tom Brokaw, and Harper's sister Alice Lee, who read the novel and compiled their impressions of it as children and adults into a book titled Scout, Atticus, and Boo.


Premise: What administrative division did Sakhalin Island become a part of?

Hypothesis: The status of the southernmost Kurils remains in dispute with Japan.


Premise: Does hinduism only believe in a single god?

Hypothesis: There is no clear consensus on the nature or even the existence of God.


Premise: Who played a cameo in a film about Feynman?

Hypothesis: In 1946, Feynman wrote a letter to her, expressing his deep love and heartbreak, that he kept for the rest of his life.


Premise: What was Boardwalk Hall formerly known as?

Hypothesis: Boardwalk Hall was Atlantic City's primary convention center until the opening of the Atlantic City Convention Center in 1997.


Premise: What type of metal makes better alloys than traditional steel?

Hypothesis: In the past, small batches of amorphous metals with high surface area configurations (ribbons, wires, films, etc.) have been produced through the implementation of extremely rapid rates of cooling.


Premise: How many clean diesel and hybrid taxicabs did New York City have in 2010?

Hypothesis: Mass transit use in New York City is the highest in the United States.


Premise: What was the child's name?

Hypothesis: On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York.


Premise: What were National Guard members considered before 1903?

Hypothesis: Since the Militia Act of 1903 all National Guard soldiers have held dual status: as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and, when activated, as a reserve of the U.S. Army under the authority of the President.


Premise: Who reigned Rome during the Crucifixion of Jesus?

Hypothesis: Christian traveller and historian Sextus Julius Africanus and Christian theologian Origen refer to Greek historian Phlegon, who lived in the 2nd century AD, as having written "with regard to the eclipse in the time of Tiberius Caesar, in whose reign Jesus appears to have been crucified, and the great earthquakes which then took place"


Premise: Which president was given control of Florida

Hypothesis: Andrew Jackson served as military governor of the newly acquired territory, but only for a brief period.


Premise: Where was Namibia ranked on Press Freedom in 2013?

Hypothesis: In 2009, Namibia dropped to position 36 on the Press Freedom Index.


Premise: Name two of the metropolitan areas that are enjoyed most frequently by tourist in Myanmar  ?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, much of the country is off-limits to tourists, and interactions between foreigners and the people of Myanmar, particularly in the border regions, are subject to police scrutiny.


Premise: How many boarding bridges does Brasilia's airport have?

Hypothesis: In 2014, the airport received 15 new boarding bridges, totalling 28 in all.


Premise: What economist testified to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in January 2010?

Hypothesis: Economist Mark Zandi testified to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in January 2010: "The securitization markets also remain impaired, as investors anticipate more loan losses.


Premise: How many visitors attended Eton Dorney during the 2012 Olympics?

Hypothesis: Access to the 400-acre parkland around the Lake is provided to members of the public, free of charge, almost all the year round.


Premise: In the late 17th century the capital of Deccan Suba was moved, to where?

Hypothesis: During his rule, he had the Charminar and Mecca Masjid built in the city.


Premise: What may be used to weight the importance of components?

Hypothesis: Equal-loudness contours may also be used to weight the perceptual importance of components.


Premise: What is Armenia's biggest University?

Hypothesis: In 1992 Armenia's largest institution of higher learning, Yerevan State University, had eighteen departments, including ones for social sciences, sciences, and law.


Premise: What suggests that Kathmandu is as old as it is?

Hypothesis: There are people of other religious beliefs as well, giving Kathmandu a cosmopolitan culture.


Premise: What is the name of the IBM project that redirected $1 billion each year to increase energy efficiency?

Hypothesis: On November 2008, IBM’s CEO, Sam Palmisano, during a speech at the Council on Foreign Relations, outlined a new agenda for building a Smarter Planet.


Premise: What does needing energy to digest impose?

Hypothesis: Each step in digestion requires energy, and thus imposes an "overhead charge" on the energy made available from absorbed substances.


Premise: Which magazine did Beyonce pose on the cover for in August of 2015?

Hypothesis: She headlined the 2015 Made in America festival in early September and also the Global Citizen Festival later that month.


Premise: What counterpoints Yale's gothic towers?

Hypothesis: These tower forms at Yale act in counterpoint to the college's many Gothic spires and Georgian cupolas.


Premise: What is the period of breeding during which one of the adult birds is always present at the nest?

Hypothesis: The chick guard stage describes the period of breeding during which one of the adult birds is permanently present at the nest after chicks have hatched.


Premise: What is the name of the newspaper with the most varied political support in British history?

Hypothesis: This makes it the most varied newspaper in terms of political support in British history.


Premise: What type of musical piece did Chopin compose for his friend's ruling father?

Hypothesis: Fryderyk and his family moved to a building, which still survives, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace.


Premise: What is the present day system being used by Houston for representation?

Hypothesis: The ward designation is the progenitor of the eleven current-day geographically oriented Houston City Council districts.


Premise: Which supporters protested near the Chinese embassy in Malaysia?

Hypothesis: Just days before the relay supporters of Falun Gong demonstrated in front of the Chinese embassy in the Malaysian capital.


Premise: How many units of the Famicom were sold in Japan by the beginning of 1985?

Hypothesis: By the beginning of 1985, the Famicom had sold more than 2.5 million units in Japan and Nintendo soon announced plans to release it in North America as the Advanced Video Entertainment System (AVS) that same year.


Premise: What year did the Manchester institution begin?

Hypothesis: Kendals (formerly Kendal Milne & Faulkner) in Manchester lays claim to being one of the first department stores and is still known to many of its customers as Kendal's, despite its 2005 name change to House of Fraser.


Premise: What is the population of New York City as of 2014?

Hypothesis: Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.


Premise: How many copies did Reflections on the Revolution in France sell in 2 months?

Hypothesis: Immediately after reading Price's sermon, Burke wrote a draft of what eventually became, Reflections on the Revolution in France.


Premise: Copper and zinc combine to make what?

Hypothesis: Bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, was the first alloy discovered, during the prehistoric period now known as the bronze age; it was harder than pure copper and originally used to make tools and weapons, but was later superseded by metals and alloys with better properties.


Premise: How many strings do the Lombardic mandolins have?

Hypothesis: The instruments have 6 strings, 3 wire treble-strings and 3 gut or wire-wrapped-silk bass-strings.


Premise: Why was the new iMac G4 considerably more expensive than the G3?

Hypothesis: The flop of the Power Mac G4 Cube, along with the more expensive iMac G4 and heavy eMac, meant that Macintosh desktop sales never reached the market share attained by the previous iMac G3.


Premise: WHen did Brown announce his intention to stand down?

Hypothesis: On 10 May 2010, after talks to form a coalition with the Liberal Democrats broke down, Brown announced his intention to stand down as Leader before the Labour Party Conference but a day later resigned as both Prime Minister and party leader.


Premise: What is the name of the mosaic in the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio?

Hypothesis: The surviving apse mosaic of the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio, which shows Christ enthroned between Saint Gervasius and Saint Protasius and angels before a golden background date back to the 5th and to the 8th century, although it was restored many times later.


Premise: What systems did the Sumerians develop which remain the first known these types to this day?

Hypothesis: They developed the first known codified legal and administrative systems, complete with courts, jails, and government records.


Premise: What are pneumatic cavities?

Hypothesis: The skull bones in adults are fused and do not show cranial sutures.


Premise: What did 'saburahi' mean?

Hypothesis: By the Heian period, this word had developed into the verb saburahu (さぶらふ, "to serve, to attend"), from which a deverbal noun saburahi (さぶらひ, "servant, attendant") was later derived, and this noun then yielded samurahi (さむらひ) in the Edo period.


Premise: How tall was John?

Hypothesis: John grew up to be around 5 ft 5 in (1.68 m) tall, relatively short, with a "powerful, barrel-chested body" and dark red hair; he looked to contemporaries like an inhabitant of Poitou.


Premise: What connects Marzili to Bundeshaus?

Hypothesis: The Marzilibahn funicular is, with a length of 106 m (348 ft), the second shortest public railway in Europe after the Zagreb funicular.


Premise: Why were AC motors used?

Hypothesis: Historically, AC motors were used for single or double speed elevator machines on the grounds of cost and lower usage applications where car speed and passenger comfort were less of an issue, but for higher speed, larger capacity elevators, the need for infinitely variable speed control over the traction machine becomes an issue.


Premise: What state employed Robert Patton in May 2014?

Hypothesis: In May 2014, Oklahoma Director of Corrections, Robert Patton, recommended an indefinite hold on executions in the state after the botched execution of African-American Clayton Lockett.


Premise: Who commissioned the change of the typeface of The Times in 1931?

Hypothesis: It was commissioned after Stanley Morison had written an article criticizing The Times for being badly printed and typographically antiquated.


Premise: How was the lawsuit decided for Apple vs. Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard?

Hypothesis: After four years, the case was decided against Apple, as were later appeals.


Premise: Who founded the Yuan dynasty?

Hypothesis: Drogön Chögyal Phagpa, Sakya Pandita's nephew became Imperial Preceptor of Kublai Khan, founder of the Yuan dynasty.


Premise: Insects show how toxic they are with what kind of colors?

Hypothesis: Such insects often advertise their toxicity using warning colors.


Premise: How would a Dutch speaker say "doghouse"?

Hypothesis: Like most Germanic languages, Dutch forms noun compounds, where the first noun modifies the category given by the second (hondenhok = doghouse).


Premise: What is the abbreviation for the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions?

Hypothesis: Aligned Movement, Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, Permanent Court of Arbitration, and the World Customs Organization.


Premise: What was the state of George VI's health during 1951?

Hypothesis: When she toured Canada and visited President Harry S. Truman in Washington, D.C., in October 1951, her private secretary, Martin Charteris, carried a draft accession declaration in case the King died while she was on tour.


Premise: What part of the US Constitution outlines the relationship among the states?

Hypothesis: The states are guaranteed military and civil defense by the federal government, which is also obliged by Article IV, Section Four, to "guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government".


Premise: What remained popular in diplomatic, trade and journalistic circles?

Hypothesis: "Near East" remained popular in diplomatic, trade and journalistic circles, but a variation soon developed among the scholars and the men of the cloth and their associates: "the Nearer East," reverting to the classical and then more scholarly distinction of "nearer" and "farther.


Premise: How did an isolated setting like an island help flowering plants evolve?

Hypothesis: Flowering plants may have evolved in an isolated setting like an island or island chain, where the plants bearing them were able to develop a highly specialized relationship with some specific animal (a wasp, for example).


Premise: What size and power of government is popular in Estonia?

Hypothesis: Today, Estonian society encourages liberty and liberalism, with popular commitment to the ideals of the limited government, discouraging centralised power and corruption.


Premise: What did the documents that were aired during the 60 Minutes segment come to be known as?

Hypothesis: Serious doubts about the documents' authenticity quickly emerged, leading CBS to appoint a review panel that eventually resulted in the firing of the news producer and other significant staffing changes.


Premise: Who enslaved these people?

Hypothesis: This number far exceeded the number of slaves who were taken to the Americas.


Premise: Besides the population density, what else contributed to the severity of the quake?

Hypothesis: Teruyuki Kato, a seismologist at the University of Tokyo, said that the seismic waves of the quake traveled a long distance without losing their power because of the firmness of the terrain in central China.


Premise: How much of Ireland's Russian speakers are Russian citizens?

Hypothesis: However, of this only 13% were Russian nationals.


Premise: In addition to Stop & Shop, what new supermarket is located one block from the Green and is poised to serve the growing downtown population?

Hypothesis: In particular, the area surrounding the New Haven Green has experienced an influx of apartments and condominiums.


Premise: What company was previously headquartered in the Downtown Macy's?

Hypothesis: The Miami grid is primarily numerical so that, for example, all street addresses north of Flagler Street and west of Miami Avenue have "NW" in their address.


Premise: How does flagellum function within the cell?

Hypothesis: The flagellum is a rotating structure driven by a reversible motor at the base that uses the electrochemical gradient across the membrane for power.


Premise: What direction do you travel to get from Richmond to Sandston?

Hypothesis: Richmond International is now served by nine airlines with over 200 daily flights providing non-stop service to major destination markets and connecting flights to destinations worldwide.


Premise: Did adolescents report more sexual or social events to researchers?

Hypothesis: The researchers state that these results are important because the results focus on the more positive aspects of adolescents and their social and romantic interactions rather than focusing on sexual behavior and its consequences.


Premise: What new short range systems did the British naval use?

Hypothesis: British naval missiles used included Sea Dart and the older Sea Slug longer range systems, Sea Cat and the new Sea Wolf short range systems.


Premise: Current central and northern Melbourne was explored by whom?

Hypothesis: On 30 August 1835 the party disembarked and established a settlement at the site of the current Melbourne Immigration Museum.


Premise: In what year did the Queen Elizabeth receive its name from the Queen?

Hypothesis: The Duchess of Cornwall in December 2007, and the Queen named Queen Elizabeth in the city during October 2011.


Premise: Insect's molt when they outgrow what?

Hypothesis: An insect molts when it outgrows its exoskeleton, which does not stretch and would otherwise restrict the insect's growth.


Premise: What was Freddie Mercury's zodiac sign?

Hypothesis: The logo combines the zodiac signs of all four members: two lions for Leo (Deacon and Taylor), a crab for Cancer (May), and two fairies for Virgo (Mercury).


Premise: How is royal assent currently granted in the Isle of Man?

Hypothesis: Before the lordship of the Island was purchased by the British Crown in 1765 (the Revestment), the assent of the Lord of Mann to a bill was signified by letter to the governor.


Premise: Who currently provides uniforms to Notre Dame sport teams?

Hypothesis: The university marching band plays at home games for most of the sports.


Premise: Who can no longer design a large structure?

Hypothesis: A large structure can no longer be the design of one person but must be the work of many.


Premise: How many million people died from the Black Death?

Hypothesis: These troubles were followed in 1347 by the Black Death, a pandemic that spread throughout Europe during the following three years.[AC]


Premise: Why were DJs inspired to create their own house records?

Hypothesis: Juan Atkins, an originator of Detroit techno music, claims the term "house" reflected the exclusive association of particular tracks with particular clubs and DJs; those records helped differentiate the clubs and DJs, and thus were considered to be their "house" records.


Premise: Which department's faculty can be associated with university hospitals?

Hypothesis: RWTH Aachen, TU Dresden and TU München also have a faculty of medicine associated with university hospitals (Klinikum Aachen, University Hospital Dresden, Rechts der Isar Hospital).


Premise: What weapon did the the KPA use that was successful early in the Korean conflict?

Hypothesis: The initial assault by North Korean KPA forces were aided by the use of Soviet T-34-85 tanks.


Premise: What kind of painting did samurai do?

Hypothesis: The culture associated with the samurai such as the tea ceremony, monochrome ink painting, rock gardens and poetry were adopted by warrior patrons throughout the centuries 1200–1600.


Premise: In what year was the first iPod released?

Hypothesis: The most recent iPod redesigns were announced on July 15, 2015.


Premise: What is a gramophone or 'vinyl' record?

Hypothesis: Phonograph records are generally described by their diameter in inches (12", 10", 7"), the rotational speed in rpm at which they are played (16 2⁄3, 33 1⁄3, 45, 78), and their time capacity resulting from a combination of those parameters (LP – long playing 33 1⁄3 rpm, SP – 78 rpm single, EP – 12-inch single or extended play, 33 or 45 rpm); their reproductive quality or level of fidelity (high-fidelity, orthophonic, full-range, etc.), and the number of audio channels provided (mono, stereo, quad, etc.).


Premise: How many years of selective breeding did it take to domesticate maize?

Hypothesis: According to both indigenous American and European accounts and documents, American civilizations at the time of European encounter had achieved many accomplishments.


Premise: What year was Gilbert awarded for his efforts?

Hypothesis: In contrast to previous definitions based solely on the degree of Aboriginal ancestry, in 1990 the Government changed the legal definition of Aboriginal to include any:


Premise: What was the nickname given to Queen Victoria because all of her children married into noble families?

Hypothesis: Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840.


Premise: Did the Spanish conquer land in the United States?

Hypothesis: The Spanish language has been present in what is now the United States since the 16th and 17th centuries, with the arrival of Spanish colonization in North America that would later become the states of Florida, Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and California.


Premise: When did the Abyssinian crisis occur?

Hypothesis: The League tried to enforce economic sanctions upon Italy, but to no avail.


Premise: What does a description of a wanted individual include beyond their racial category?

Hypothesis: From the perspective of law enforcement officers, it is generally more important to arrive at a description that will readily suggest the general appearance of an individual than to make a scientifically valid categorization by DNA or other such means.


Premise: What Plymouth Jew was mentioned by Sir Francis Drake?

Hypothesis: The Plymouth Synagogue is a Listed Grade II* building, built in 1762 and is the oldest Ashkenazi Synagogue in the English speaking world.


Premise: What Hanoverian leader lost the Battle of Hastenbeck?

Hypothesis: This problem was compounded when the main Hanoverian army under Cumberland was defeated at the Battle of Hastenbeck and forced to surrender entirely at the Convention of Klosterzeven following a French Invasion of Hanover.


Premise: What language originated the word bitumen?

Hypothesis: From the same root is derived the Anglo Saxon word cwidu (mastix), the German word Kitt (cement or mastic) and the old Norse word kvada.


Premise: The French navy fell captive where?

Hypothesis: The French Marines and naval infantry intended for the invasion of northern Germany were dispatched to reinforce the French Army of Châlons and fell into captivity at Sedan along with Napoleon III.


Premise: Which party did Don Chipp seperate to form in 1977?

Hypothesis: Fraser won further substantial majorities at the 1977 and 1980 elections, before losing to the Bob Hawke led Australian Labor Party in the 1983 election.


Premise: Who has been president of the Society since 2000?

Hypothesis: Since Knorr's death in 1977, the position of president has been occupied by Frederick Franz (1977–1992) and Milton Henschel (1992–2000), both members of the Governing Body, and since 2000 by Don A. Adams, not a member of the Governing Body.


Premise: What is the unique design feature of English cathedrals?

Hypothesis: The distinctive characteristic of English cathedrals is their extreme length, and their internal emphasis upon the horizontal, which may be emphasised visually as much or more than the vertical lines.


Premise: What caused valuable information to be lost while using the KInsey scale?

Hypothesis: It would have been quite simple for Kinsey to have measured the two dimensions separately and report scores independently to avoid loss of information.


Premise: What were the traditional building materials on Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: The traditional buildings of Tuvalu used plants and trees from the native broadleaf forest, including timber from: Pouka, (Hernandia peltata); Ngia or Ingia bush, (Pemphis acidula); Miro, (Thespesia populnea); Tonga, (Rhizophora mucronata);


Premise: In what year did it land the name, Sony Music Entertainment?

Hypothesis: It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group.


Premise: What is Kalamkari?

Hypothesis: Another example of a handicraft drawn to Hyderabad is Kalamkari, a hand-painted or block-printed cotton textile that comes from cities in Andhra Pradesh.


Premise: What was the name of the manservent that Victoria had in the 1860's?

Hypothesis: Through the 1860s, Victoria relied increasingly on a manservant from Scotland, John Brown.


Premise: When was John excommunicated?

Hypothesis: An argument with Pope Innocent III led to John's excommunication in 1209, a dispute finally settled by the king in 1213.


Premise: How many Windows 8 licenses were purchased by January 2013?

Hypothesis: Windows 8 was released to a mixed critical reception.


Premise: What year was the first youtube question asked to a presidential nominee?

Hypothesis: In 2012, more than a third of the U.S. Senate introduced a resolution condemning Joseph Kony 16 days after the "Kony 2012" video was posted to YouTube, with resolution co-sponsor Senator Lindsey Graham remarking that the video "will do more to lead to (Kony's) demise than all other action combined."


Premise: Consent for a party's unilateral interpretation of a treaty may be implied if that state has acted upon its view of the treat without what from another party?

Hypothesis: No one party to a treaty can impose its particular interpretation of the treaty upon the other parties.


Premise: What is McTaggart's second series called?

Hypothesis: The first series, which means to account for our intuitions about temporal becoming, or the moving Now, is called the A-series.


Premise: In what year was the British Museum built?

Hypothesis: It was to be William Wilkins's winning design for the public competition for Downing College, Cambridge that announced the Greek style was to be the dominant idiom in architecture.


Premise: To whom were School Hall and School Library erected in memoriam of?

Hypothesis: The very large and ornate School Hall and School Library (by L K. Hall) were erected in 1906-8 across the road from Upper School as the school's memorial to the Etonians who had died in the Boer War.


Premise: What was the name of the governing body headed by Gaddafi after the revolution?

Hypothesis: Becoming Chairman of the governing Revolutionary Command Council (RCC), Gaddafi abolished the monarchy and proclaimed the Republic.


Premise: what type of flowers did Gules use?

Hypothesis: Or, between two pennants flottant Argent, each charged with a cross Gules, over the sphere the words DEUS INDICAT" (Latin: God Indicates).


Premise: Who won the 2011 election?

Hypothesis: Jonathan of the PDP was declared the winner on 19 April 2011, having won the election with a total of 22,495,187 of the 39,469,484 votes cast, to stand ahead of Muhammadu Buhari from the main opposition party, the Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), which won 12,214,853 of the total votes cast.


Premise: Nixon was a president of what country?

Hypothesis: Yugoslavia had a liberal travel policy permitting foreigners to freely travel through the country and its citizens to travel worldwide, whereas it was limited by most Communist countries.


Premise: What was the new method of linear programming that von Neumann suggested?

Hypothesis: Later, von Neumann suggested a new method of linear programming, using the homogeneous linear system of Gordan (1873), which was later popularized by Karmarkar's algorithm.


Premise: What type of airplane was the German craft Holmes rammed into?

Hypothesis: In fact the Dornier Do 17 bomber was empty.


Premise: What do many people consider to be the source of our modern musics familiarity with us?

Hypothesis: Music was a major part of everyday life.[citation needed]


Premise: What did the Boston Globe have to say about Yale?

Hypothesis: The Boston Globe wrote that "if there's one school that can lay claim to educating the nation's top national leaders over the past three decades, it's Yale."


Premise: When did Catalan rulers broaden their territory to north of the Ebro River?

Hypothesis: During the 11th and 12th centuries the Catalan rulers expanded up to north of the Ebro river, and in the 13th century they conquered the Land of Valencia and the Balearic Islands.


Premise: How many companies are involved with the network of buses?

Hypothesis: The bus network, which is currently run by three companies since 2011, provides more than 370 routes covering all parts of the city and suburban areas.


Premise: What was the name of Hannibal's family member that wanted to join his army in battle?

Hypothesis: By this time Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal Barca sought to cross the Alps into Italy and join his brother with a second army.


Premise: Who approved the resolution?

Hypothesis: The resolution would welcome the torch with "alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet."


Premise: What areas does the Brown School Library have represented scholars?

Hypothesis: Many of the faculty have training in both social work and public health.


Premise: Give an example of someone who was a caretaker manager?

Hypothesis: i.e. more than 12 weeks – the amount of time an unqualified caretaker manager is allowed to take control).


Premise: What is the range of accuracy for the free service offered to civilians?

Hypothesis: The restricted military service has a location accuracy of 10 centimetres, can be used for communication, and will supply information about the system status to the user.


Premise: Why could the Tories and the Opposition Whigs never form a single party?

Hypothesis: At times they cooperated with the "Opposition Whigs", Whigs who were in opposition to the Whig government; however, the ideological gap between the Tories and the Opposition Whigs prevented them from coalescing as a single party.


Premise: Who first discovered the basic properties of capacitors?

Hypothesis: In October 1745, Ewald Georg von Kleist of Pomerania, Germany, found that charge could be stored by connecting a high-voltage electrostatic generator by a wire to a volume of water in a hand-held glass jar.


Premise: Which actress from America was initially held and then gave a speech about China and Sudan?

Hypothesis: She later gave a speech criticizing China's relations with Sudan in Hong Kong, as there was also a small minority of people protesting about China's role in the crisis of Darfur.


Premise: What per capita index does Guinea-Bissau rank as one of the lowest in the world?

Hypothesis: More than two-thirds of the population lives below the poverty line.


Premise: What organization offered possible solutions Arab-Israeli conflict, which Nasser supported?

Hypothesis: Nasser mediated discussions between the pro-Western, pro-Soviet, and neutralist conference factions over the composition of the "Final Communique" addressing colonialism in Africa and Asia and the fostering of global peace amid the Cold War between the West and the Soviet Union.


Premise: What does the potency of antibacterials depend upon?

Hypothesis: A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend on the bacterial growth phase, and it often requires ongoing metabolic activity and division of bacterial cells.