Premise: In what decade did colleges of technology gain the University designation?

Hypothesis: In 1956, some colleges of technology received the designation College of Advanced Technology.


Premise: What is the smallest bird?

Hypothesis: Birds live worldwide and range in size from the 5 cm (2 in) bee hummingbird to the 2.75 m (9 ft) ostrich.


Premise: Which park does 27th Street pass through between Ninth and Tenth Avenues?

Hypothesis: Heading east, 27th Street passes through Chelsea Park between Tenth and Ninth Avenues, with the Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT) on the corner of Eighth.


Premise: What is the name of the company that operates The Sun?

Hypothesis: Rupert Murdoch, head of The Sun's parent company News Corporation, speaking at a 2007 meeting with the House of Lords Select Committee on Communications, which was investigating media ownership and the news, said that he acts as a "traditional proprietor".


Premise: When did Greg Rouse begin trying to categorize polychaetes?

Hypothesis: Traditionally the annelids have been divided into two major groups, the polychaetes and clitellates.


Premise: The ancient nations, people and languages of the enhanced Fertile Crescent will always refer to what?

Hypothesis: The Ancient Near East is a term of the 20th century intended to stabilize the geographical application of Near East to ancient history.[citation needed]


Premise: Power then passed a political coalition headed by who?

Hypothesis: In 2002, when the oil tanker Prestige sank and covered the Galician coast in oil, Fraga was accused by the grassroots movement Nunca Mais ("Never again") of having been unwilling to react.


Premise: When did Fox announce the following season would be Idol's last?

Hypothesis: The continuing decline influenced further changes for season 14, including the loss of Coca-Cola as the show's major sponsor, and a decision to only broadcast one, two-hour show per week during the top 12 rounds (with results from the previous week integrated into the performance show, rather than having a separate results show).


Premise: What dam began to provide water to Hyderabad in 2005?

Hypothesis: As of October 2014, there were 15 fire stations in the city, operated by the Telangana State Disaster and Fire Response Department.


Premise: Among what age group in Samoa is hip hop and dance most popular?

Hypothesis: " Dance both in its traditional form and its more modern forms has remained a central cultural currency to Samoans, especially youths.


Premise: What was the first public monumnet acquired in Melbourne in 1864?

Hypothesis: In 1861 the Melbourne Cup was first run.


Premise: Is the male solitary wasp bigger or smaller than the female solitary wasp?

Hypothesis: Some insects display a rudimentary sense of numbers, such as the solitary wasps that prey upon a single species.


Premise: Which Dashnak groups helped protect Armenian citizens?

Hypothesis: During the 1890s, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, commonly known as Dashnaktsutyun, became active within the Ottoman Empire with the aim of unifying the various small groups in the empire that were advocating for reform and defending Armenian villages from massacres that were widespread in some of the Armenian-populated areas of the empire.


Premise: Name some cultural universals that exist with humans today.

Hypothesis: Some aspects of human behavior, such as language, social practices such as kinship, gender and marriage, expressive forms such as art, music, dance, ritual, religion, and technologies such as cooking, shelter, clothing are said to be cultural universals, found in all human societies.


Premise: What is the first purpose of air defence?

Hypothesis: The essence of air defence is to detect hostile aircraft and destroy them.


Premise: What kind of event were given to raise money for quake survivors?

Hypothesis: The government also opened access to the sealed ruins of the Beichuan county seat for three days, after which it will be frozen in time as a state earthquake relic museum, to remind people of the terrible disaster.


Premise: Friedrich Hayek name was commonly shortened to what?

Hypothesis: Friedrich Hayek CH (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈaʊ̯ɡʊst ˈhaɪ̯ɛk]; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek and frequently referred to as F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian and British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism.


Premise: How many U.S. planes were land-based?

Hypothesis: Planned surveillance of the U.S. fleet by long range seaplane did not happen (as a result of an abortive identical operation in March), so Fletcher's carriers were able to proceed to a flanking position without being detected.


Premise: Bostons rich history attracts many what each year?

Hypothesis: Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year.


Premise: Who was called in to watch over the presidential election in 2004?

Hypothesis: At the invitation of the United States government, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) sent a team of observers to monitor the presidential elections in 2004.


Premise: How long did absolutist rule last?

Hypothesis: Here, on 17 April, General Elio invited the King to reclaim his absolute rights and put his troops at the King's disposition.


Premise: What were his relatives known for working on?

Hypothesis: His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone in 1876.[N 4] Bell considered his most famous invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study.[N 5]


Premise: What type of special lanes were added to Interstate 15?

Hypothesis: Freeway projects included expansion of Interstates 5 and 805 around "The Merge," a rush-hour spot where the two freeways meet.


Premise: Who still practices persistence hunting?

Hypothesis: This hypothesis does not necessarily contradict the scavenging hypothesis: both subsistence strategies could have been in use – sequentially, alternating or even simultaneously.


Premise: iPods released before what year had issues with distorted bass?

Hypothesis: For all iPods released in 2006 and earlier, some equalizer (EQ) sound settings would distort the bass sound far too easily, even on undemanding songs.


Premise: What is the name of the large southern portion of the Intermontane Plateaus?

Hypothesis: A portion known as the Colorado Plateau, centered around the Four Corners region, is considered to have some of the most spectacular scenery in the world.


Premise: The flute, oboe and bassoon are all what type of instrument?

Hypothesis: The Classical era stringed instruments were the four instruments which form the string section of the orchestra: the violin, viola, cello and contrabass.


Premise: In what part of the RSFSR did tundra mainly exist?

Hypothesis: The area is rich in mineral resources, including petroleum, natural gas, and iron ore.


Premise: Who proposed that change was needed in the way business with the Greeks was to be conducted  ?

Hypothesis: In later times, the Romioi plied the sea-lanes of the Mediterranean and controlled trade until an embargo imposed by the Roman Emperor on trade with the Caliphate opened the door for the later Italian pre-eminence in trade.


Premise: What did Darwin learn about about the characteristics of domestic animals?

Hypothesis: However, one thing was clear: whatever the exact nature and causes of new variations, Darwin knew from observation and experiment that breeders were able to select such variations and produce huge differences in many generations of selection.


Premise: The insect orders include a number of what kind of groups?

Hypothesis: The lack of flying vertebrates could have been another factor.


Premise: When was the British slave trade abolished?

Hypothesis: Two years later, the Royal African Company was inaugurated, receiving from King Charles a monopoly of the trade to supply slaves to the British colonies of the Caribbean.


Premise: Who purchased a plot of land in the name of the English residents?

Hypothesis: The cemetery originated when the Englishman Mr. Thomas Samuel Hood purchased a plot of land in the name of the English residents in 1828.


Premise: In what year did the state of New York eliminate slavery?

Hypothesis: Under New York State's gradual abolition act of 1799, children of slave mothers were born to be eventually liberated but were held in indentured servitude until their mid-to-late twenties.


Premise: What is a young bird on it's first migration compared to?

Hypothesis: A young bird on its first migration flies in the correct direction according to the Earth's magnetic field, but does not know how far the journey will be.


Premise: A version of baseball played in city streets was nicknamed was in the 1930s?

Hypothesis: Many sports are associated with New York's immigrant communities.


Premise: What are in the area?

Hypothesis: North Raleigh is an expansive, diverse, and fast-growing suburban area of the city that is home to established neighborhoods to the south along with many newly built subdivisions and along its northern fringes.


Premise: What is the name of the main health care facility in Guam?

Hypothesis: A private hospital, the Guam Regional Medical City opened its doors in early 2016.


Premise: What was the Catalan immigrant's speech called?

Hypothesis: Their speech was known as patuet.


Premise: What percent of the Mexican GDP is the metropolitan area of Mexico City responsible for?

Hypothesis: The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP.


Premise: When was this campaign ran?

Hypothesis: Within days, however, the PCs responded with an ad which featured the border being drawn back on with a permanent marker, as an announcer intoned "Here's where we draw the line."


Premise: How do speech perception and articulation findings and insights affect previous and more traditional ideas?

Hypothesis: Second, actual speech, even at a word level, is highly co-articulated, so it is problematic to expect to be able to splice words into simple segments without affecting speech perception.


Premise: How many Judeans did Ezra lead?

Hypothesis: According to the Hebrew Bible, he destroyed Solomon's Temple and exiled the Jews to Babylon.


Premise: Recipients of aid are concerned about what?

Hypothesis: Thus while humanitarian aid agencies are usually most concerned about aid being diverted by including too many, recipients themselves are most concerned about exclusion.


Premise: How much of the glaciation in Austria disappeared?

Hypothesis: High levels of precipitation cause the glaciers to descend to permafrost levels in some areas whereas in other, more arid regions, glaciers remain above about the 3,500 m (11,483 ft) level.


Premise: Who is the current head of KU's football program?

Hypothesis: They are currently coached by David Beaty, who was hired in 2014.


Premise: What does AAAD stand for?

Hypothesis: Other terms from the late 20th century include GBAD (Ground Based AD) with related terms


Premise: In what year did Schwarzenegger speak at the Republican National Convention?

Hypothesis: Schwarzenegger has been a registered Republican for many years.


Premise: When did Valencia surrender to the Moors?

Hypothesis: The city had surrendered without a fight to the invading Moors (Berbers and Arabs) by 714 AD, and the cathedral of Saint Vincent was turned into a mosque.


Premise: In what year did the newer Atlantic City Convention Center open?

Hypothesis: Boardwalk Hall, formally known as the "Historic Atlantic City Convention Hall", is an arena in Atlantic City along the boardwalk.


Premise: What is an alloy composed of?

Hypothesis: An alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal.


Premise: Rather than cells, in humoral immunology where did the molecules that cause immune response reside?

Hypothesis: According to the cellular theory of immunity, represented in particular by Elie Metchnikoff, it was cells – more precisely, phagocytes – that were responsible for immune responses.


Premise: What Allied command replaced the British India Command in August, 1943?

Hypothesis: The American General Joseph Stilwell, who also was deputy commander to Mountbatten and commanded U.S. forces in the China Burma India Theater, directed aid to China and prepared to construct the Ledo Road to link India and China by land.


Premise: Which cameras were first of their type to adopt the ASA scale?

Hypothesis: The Weston Cadet (model 852 introduced in 1949), Direct Reading (model 853 introduced 1954) and Master III (models 737 and S141.3 introduced in 1956) were the first in their line of exposure meters to switch and utilize the meanwhile established ASA scale instead.


Premise: What pronunciation did the older Dutch ol/ul/al + dental evolve into?

Hypothesis: Unique to the development of Dutch is the collaps of older ol/ul/al + dental into ol + dental, followed by vocalisation of pre-consonantal /l/ and after a short vowel, creating the diphthong


Premise: When did regular broadcasts start in Europe?

Hypothesis: Test transmissions had been active since the IBC exhibition in September 2003, but the New Year's Day broadcast marked the official launch of the HD1 channel, and the official start of direct-to-home HDTV in Europe.


Premise: What commander of the General Staff held the expectaion of independent thinking in his officers?

Hypothesis: Indeed, this was Moltke's expectation.


Premise: In which year did Umayyad Caliphate's empire collapse?

Hypothesis: Beginning in 711, the land that is now Portugal became part of the vast Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus, which stretched from the Indus river in the Indian sub-continent (now Pakistan) up to the South of France, until its collapse in 750.


Premise: What United States territory does the Marshall Islands claim?

Hypothesis: The islands are located about halfway between Hawaii and Australia, north of Nauru and Kiribati, east of the Federated States of Micronesia, and south of the U.S. territory of Wake Island, to which it lays claim.


Premise: What is Neptune's equatorial radius?

Hypothesis: Neptune's mass of 1.0243×1026 kg, is intermediate between Earth and the larger gas giants: it is 17 times that of Earth but just 1/19th that of Jupiter.[d]


Premise: About how long has Kathmandu existed?

Hypothesis: There are people of other religious beliefs as well, giving Kathmandu a cosmopolitan culture.


Premise: Aside from skills, what is required in order to have the means for building?

Hypothesis: As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of that craft.


Premise: What kind of process is the conversion of DGLA to AA?

Hypothesis: The conversion rate of omega-6 DGLA to AA largely determines the production of the prostaglandins PGE1 and PGE2.


Premise: When did the Roman religion that is generally identified with the republic first established?

Hypothesis: However, the Roman religion commonly associated with the republic and early empire did not begin until around 500 BC, when Romans came in contact with Greek culture, and adopted many of the Greek religious beliefs.


Premise: What are some good standard home solutions?

Hypothesis: Clean plain water can also be one of several fluids given.


Premise: What type of capacitor absorbs radio frequency interference?

Hypothesis: Snubber capacitors are usually employed with a low-value resistor in series, to dissipate energy and minimize RFI.


Premise: What did General Henry Guisan order a general mobilisation of during World War II?

Hypothesis: Under General Henri Guisan central command, a general mobilisation of the armed forces was ordered.


Premise: What style came after Modernism?

Hypothesis: By mid-century, Modernism had morphed into the International Style, an aesthetic epitomized in many ways by the Twin Towers of New York's World Trade Center designed by Minoru Yamasaki.


Premise: What city in Israel is a sister city to Philadelphia?

Hypothesis: Dedicated in June 1976, the Sister Cities Plaza, a site of 0.5 acres (2,000 m2) located at 18th and Benjamin Franklin Parkway, honors Philadelphia's relationships with Tel Aviv and Florence which were its first sister cities.


Premise: What is the largest Atlantic Province city?

Hypothesis: The city is the largest in the province and the second largest in the Atlantic Provinces after Halifax, Nova Scotia.


Premise: What negative stereotypes have emerged from this understanding?

Hypothesis: An individual homosexual, heterosexual or bisexual person may be masculine, feminine, or androgynous, and in addition, many members and supporters of lesbian and gay communities now see the "gender-conforming heterosexual" and the "gender-nonconforming homosexual" as negative stereotypes.


Premise: Who narrated a short Spielberg bio at the Kennedy Center?

Hypothesis: On July 15, 2006, Spielberg was also awarded the Gold Hugo Lifetime Achievement Award at the Summer Gala of the Chicago International Film Festival, and also was awarded a Kennedy Center honour on December 3.


Premise: When did CBC end its Doctor Who contributions?

Hypothesis: Beginning in 2005, the CBC has contributed production funds for the BBC Wales revival of Doctor Who, for which it received a special credit at the end of each episode.


Premise: What method of execution did the Nebraska Supreme Court rule unconstitutional?

Hypothesis: Nebraska's death penalty statute was rendered ineffective on February 8, 2008 when the required method, electrocution, was ruled unconstitutional by the Nebraska Supreme Court.


Premise: What march successfully pressured the national government to sign the ILO Convetion 169?

Hypothesis: Lowland indigenous peoples, mostly in the east, entered national politics through the 1990 March for Territory and Dignity organized by the CIDOB confederation.


Premise: What percent of Armenias commodities were transported via rail traffic?

Hypothesis: The initial post-Soviet years were marred by economic difficulties, which had their roots early in the Karabakh conflict when the Azerbaijani Popular Front managed to pressure the Azerbaijan SSR to instigate a railway and air blockade against Armenia.


Premise: In 2010, Beyonce released Dereon to what country?

Hypothesis: In July 2009, Beyoncé and her mother launched a new junior apparel label, Sasha Fierce for Deréon, for back-to-school selling.


Premise: Who funds these homeless shelters?

Hypothesis: The city of Paris has sixty homeless shelters, called Centres d'hébergement et de réinsertion sociale or CHRS, which are funded by the city and operated by private charities and associations.


Premise: Who held the opinion that judiasm demands and application of torah thought to the entire realm of human experience?

Hypothesis: Hirsch held the opinion that Judaism demands an application of Torah thought to the entire realm of human experience, including the secular disciplines.


Premise: How were the different levels of award and honour reflected the imperial system?

Hypothesis: Canada, Australia, and New Zealand all have (in increasing level of precedence)


Premise: What happens to infected plant cells?

Hypothesis: Transferred genes enter the plant cell nucleus and effectively transform the plant cells into factories for the production of opines, which the bacteria use as carbon and energy sources.


Premise: What Carnival takes place on Laetare Sunday?

Hypothesis: One of the best-known is Stavelot, where the Carnival de la Laetare takes place on Laetare Sunday, the fourth Sunday of Lent.


Premise: How long does it typically take to earn a Master's degree?

Hypothesis: It is advised for students who want to attend the Advanced Course to have a background of the principles of immunology.


Premise: Which work established Francesco Mario Pagano as an international authority on criminal law?

Hypothesis: Cesare Beccaria, a jurist and one of the great Enlightenment writers, became famous for his masterpiece Of Crimes and Punishments (1764), which was later translated into 22 languages.


Premise: What was responsible for bringing the language of North middle China to the Fujian region?

Hypothesis: They brought the Middle Chinese phonology commonly spoken in Northern China into Zhangzhou.


Premise: What is an example of a country where prime ministers can be called Right Honourable solely because of their position?

Hypothesis: In the United Kingdom the prime minister and former prime ministers may appear to also be styled Right Honourable, however this is not due to their position as head of government but as a privilege of being current members of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council.


Premise: Was Texas a part of Mexico?

Hypothesis: In 1836, the now largely "American" Texans, fought a war of independence from the central government of Mexico and established the Republic of Texas.


Premise: Which theory consist of cultured adopting new practices,ideas, and products?

Hypothesis: Cultures are externally affected via contact between societies, which may also produce—or inhibit—social shifts and changes in cultural practices.


Premise: Which Chinese admiral was related to the development of Islam in Indonesia & Malaya?

Hypothesis: Soon after that, the king of Kedah Phra Ong Mahawangsa became the first ruler to abandon the traditional Hindu faith, and converted to Islam with the Sultanate of Kedah established in year 1136.


Premise: IBM employees created a magazine in 1935, what was its name?

Hypothesis: In 1935, the employee magazine Think was created.


Premise: Which American bands had ties to the Manchester punk scene?

Hypothesis: In the mid 1970s, various American groups (some with ties to Downtown Manhattan's punk scene, including Television and Suicide) had begun expanding on the vocabulary of punk music.


Premise: Beginning and ending with what years does Lee argue that the rules of the Empire were incompetent?

Hypothesis: " The main cause was a failure of leadership, as Lee argues the first 10 sultans from 1292 to 1566, with one exception, had performed admirably.


Premise: When does the spread of antibacterial resistance frequently occurs/

Hypothesis: The spread of antibacterial resistance often occurs through vertical transmission of mutations during growth and by genetic recombination of DNA by horizontal genetic exchange.


Premise: The 6th gen iPod Classic and 3rd gen iPod nano featured which font?

Hypothesis: Starting with the iPod Mini, the Chicago font was replaced with Espy Sans.


Premise: Where is an insects dry pellet discarded through?

Hypothesis: The rectum absorbs 90% of the water in these fecal pellets, and the dry pellet is then eliminated through the anus (element 17), completing the process of digestion.


Premise: What office is in charge of collecting foreign intelligence?

Hypothesis: This Directorate was created in an attempt to end years of rivalry over influence, philosophy and budget between the United States Department of Defense (DOD) and the CIA.


Premise: What is the aggregate population of Paris?

Hypothesis: Since the 19th century, the built-up area of Paris has grown far beyond its administrative borders; together with its suburbs, the whole agglomeration has a population of 10,550,350 (Jan. 2012 census).


Premise: What kind of bacteria can form interspecies hydrogen transfer?

Hypothesis: One such mutualistic association, called interspecies hydrogen transfer, occurs between clusters of anaerobic bacteria that consume organic acids, such as butyric acid or propionic acid, and produce hydrogen, and methanogenic Archaea that consume hydrogen.


Premise: In which direction did the French troops who did not surrender head?

Hypothesis: The German cavalry then failed to pursue the French and lost touch with them.


Premise: Madonna had a new 10 year, $120 million record deal with which company?

Hypothesis: The song was available as a free download during its first week of release.


Premise: what is an example of Whitehead's ideas being counter-intuitive?

Hypothesis: It is impossible to say exactly why Whitehead's influence has not been more widespread, but it may be partly due to his metaphysical ideas seeming somewhat counter-intuitive (such as his assertion that matter is an abstraction), or his inclusion of theistic elements in his philosophy, or the perception of metaphysics itself as passé, or simply the sheer difficulty and density of his prose.


Premise: What type of instrument was somewhat standardized int eh Baroque era?

Hypothesis: Wind instruments became more refined in the Classical era.


Premise: How much of a drop was there in manufacturing jobs between 1990 and 2010?

Hypothesis: Paris proper manufacturing jobs dropped by 64 percent between 1990 and 2010, and the Paris region lost 48 percent during the same period.


Premise: What two cities were at war during this time?

Hypothesis: The new emir of Hamadan, hearing of this correspondence and discovering where Ibn Sina was hiding, incarcerated him in a fortress.


Premise: What pre-preg material is designated by "FR-2"?

Hypothesis: (phenolic cotton paper), FR-3


Premise: According to democratic rules of the 106th congress what leadership members do they appoint?

Hypothesis: He or she is a member of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee; names the members of the Democratic Leadership Council; chairs the Policy Committee; and heads the Steering Committee.


Premise: Which Hawaiin volcano has been erupting since 1983?

Hypothesis: There are several active volcanoes located in the islands of Hawaii, including Kilauea in ongoing eruption since 1983, but they do not typically adversely affect the inhabitants of the islands.


Premise: What is the most commonly practiced religion in the Congo?

Hypothesis: According to CIA World Factbook, the people of Republic of the Congo are largely a mix of Catholics (33.1%), Awakening Lutherans (22.3%) and other Protestants (19.9%).


Premise: What kingdom grew out of the duchy founded by Robert Guiscard?

Hypothesis: Normans also settled in Sicily and southern Italy, when Robert Guiscard (d. 1085) landed there in 1059 and established a duchy that later became the Kingdom of Sicily.


Premise: How long does a wrestler have to leave the ring once they are tagged out?

Hypothesis: In some team matches, only one entrant from each team may be designated as the "legal" or "active" wrestler at any given moment.


Premise: How old was Bell when he wrote his paper?

Hypothesis: Ellis immediately wrote back indicating that the experiments were similar to existing work in Germany, and also lent Bell a copy of Hermann von Helmholtz's work, The Sensations of Tone as a Physiological Basis for the Theory of Music.


Premise: During what Age was Iran the site of several of these ancient civilizations?

Hypothesis: There are dozens of prehistoric sites across the Iranian plateau, pointing to the existence of ancient cultures and urban settlements in the 4th millennium BC.


Premise: What type of American crews came down in China following the Doolittle raid?

Hypothesis: During the Second Sino-Japanese War, which led into World War II, much of Zhejiang was occupied by Japan and placed under the control of the Japanese puppet state known as the Reorganized National Government of China.


Premise: Who keeps classifications of different dog breeds?

Hypothesis: While all dogs are genetically very similar, natural selection and selective breeding have reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs, giving rise to dog types and dog breeds.


Premise: In 1991, was a proposal for a new league postponed?

Hypothesis: The Founder Members Agreement, signed on 17 July 1991 by the game's top-flight clubs, established the basic principles for setting up the FA Premier League.


Premise: Where were dead Sumerians buried?

Hypothesis: The dead were buried outside the city walls in graveyards where a small mound covered the corpse, along with offerings to monsters and a small amount of food.


Premise: What were the two hit singles off of Queen's album Jazz?

Hypothesis: The album included the hit singles "Fat Bottomed Girls" and "Bicycle Race" on a double-sided record.


Premise: Which opera director did Frédéric see works of during his stay in Berlin?

Hypothesis: In September 1828 Chopin, while still a student, visited Berlin with a family friend, zoologist Feliks Jarocki, enjoying operas directed by Gaspare Spontini and attending concerts by Carl Friedrich Zelter, Felix Mendelssohn and other celebrities.


Premise: Sanskrit is used as a pkilsosophical language in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and which other religion?

Hypothesis: As one of the oldest Indo-European languages for which substantial written documentation exists, Sanskrit holds a prominent position in Indo-European studies.


Premise: How did Boston's population change in the 1820's?

Hypothesis: Currently, Catholics make up Boston's largest religious community, and since the early 20th century, the Irish have played a major role in Boston politics—prominent figures include the Kennedys, Tip O'Neill, and John F. Fitzgerald.


Premise: What threatens some bird species?

Hypothesis: Hunting along migration routes threatens some bird species.


Premise: How does Alaska compare with other states in church membership?

Hypothesis: According to statistics collected by the Association of Religion Data Archives from 2010, about 34% of Alaska residents were members of religious congregations.


Premise: How does Comcast's customer service stack up against its competition?

Hypothesis: The company's customer satisfaction often ranks among the lowest in the cable industry.


Premise: When was the settlement in Bumpliz close to the medieval city?

Hypothesis: In the Early Middle Ages, there was a settlement in Bümpliz, now a city district of Bern, some 4 km (2 mi) from the medieval city.


Premise: When was land divided into Israel and Judah?

Hypothesis: After the fall of the United Monarchy the land was divided into Israel and Judah.


Premise: In what century did the Latin alphabet replace the runic system in Old English writing?

Hypothesis: Like other old Germanic languages, it is very different from Modern English and difficult for Modern English speakers to understand without study.


Premise: Between 1974 and 1979, how many immigrants arrived in Israel?

Hypothesis: Israel also has a large population of Ethiopian Jews, many of whom were airlifted to Israel in the late 1980s and early 1990s.


Premise: How many words did Aavik put in his dictionary?

Hypothesis: In Aavik’s dictionary (1921), which lists approximately 4000 words, there are many words which were (allegedly) created ex nihilo, many of which are in common use today.


Premise: The relationship between an albatross and a sailor is the central theme of what book?

Hypothesis: Among the most famous of these bird artists was John James Audubon, whose paintings of North American birds were a great commercial success in Europe and who later lent his name to the National Audubon Society.


Premise: Who was the first African American to gradute from Vassar College?

Hypothesis: But, most families of free people of color formed in Virginia before the American Revolution were the descendants of unions between white women and African men, who frequently worked and lived together in the looser conditions of the early colonial period.


Premise: Who was appointed justiciar?

Hypothesis: Many of the disaffected barons came from the north of England; that faction was often labelled by contemporaries and historians as "the Northerners".


Premise: What kind of scientist is Peg LeVine?

Hypothesis: Australian anthropologist Peg LeVine coined the term "ritualcide" to describe the destruction of a group's cultural identity without necessarily destroying its members.


Premise: What movie did Spectre beat to become top movie of the year in Switzerland?

Hypothesis: It topped the German-speaking Switzerland box office for four weeks and in the Netherlands, it has held the No. 1 spot for seven weeks straight where it has topped Minions to become the top movie of the year.


Premise: How did Armando Dias die?

Hypothesis: Armando Dias, for example, died in November 1913 whilst still very young, a victim of an electric shock when entering the textile industry where he worked.


Premise: The Inuplat population inhabit what areas?

Hypothesis: The Gwich'in people of the northern Interior region are Athabaskan and primarily known today for their dependence on the caribou within the much-contested Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.


Premise: Who opened the structure in which the Royal Institute is currently housed?

Hypothesis: In 1934, it moved to its current headquarters on Portland Place, with the building being opened by King George V and Queen Mary.


Premise: Later on, what two locations were slaves brought from?

Hypothesis: Eventually the planters felt there were too many slaves and no more were imported after 1792.


Premise: When was the SNS-101 released in the US?

Hypothesis: In October 1997, Nintendo released a redesigned model of the SNES (the SNS-101 model) in North America for US$99, which sometimes included the pack-in game Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island.


Premise: How big is the sovereign territory of Israel?

Hypothesis: However Israel is so narrow that the exclusive economic zone in the Mediterranean is double the land area of the country.


Premise: Animal taste and smell rely on what kind of communication?

Hypothesis: Chemical communications in animals rely on a variety of aspects including taste and smell.


Premise: Why did Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 accidentally fly into Israel's airspace?

Hypothesis: In February 1973, Israeli forces shot down Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114, which had strayed from Egyptian airspace into Israeli-held territory during a sandstorm.


Premise: What is one purpose of a greenhouse?

Hypothesis: Greenhouses remain an important part of horticulture today, and plastic transparent materials have also been used to similar effect in polytunnels and row covers.


Premise: When did Viking travelers establish a trading post in Cork?

Hypothesis: Cork achieved an urban character at some point between 915 and 922 when Norseman (Viking) settlers founded a trading port.


Premise: What type of band are Backstreet Boys and Westlife?

Hypothesis: This format often includes dance-pop (such as upbeat songs by Madonna, Cher, Gloria Estefan and Kylie Minogue), power pops (mainly by boybands such as Backstreet Boys and Westlife), and adult-oriented soft rock music that are ballad-driven (typically by Aerosmith[citation needed], The Eagles, Sting, Toto and The Moody Blues).


Premise: Who is Midna?

Hypothesis: He is eventually able to transform between his Hylian and wolf forms at will.


Premise: How many people rode the New York City Subway in 2014?

Hypothesis: New York's subway is notable for nearly the entire system remaining open 24 hours a day, in contrast to the overnight shutdown common to systems in most cities, including Hong Kong, London, Paris, Seoul, and Tokyo.


Premise: When did improvisation begin to lessened strongly?

Hypothesis: Improvisation in classical music performance was common during both the Baroque and early romantic eras, yet lessened strongly during the second half of the 19th and in the 20th centuries.


Premise: The second controller possessed the START and SELECT buttons as what other device?

Hypothesis: Some NES localizations of games, such as The Legend of Zelda, which required the use of the Famicom microphone in order to kill certain enemies, suffered from the lack of hardware to do so.


Premise: What is the name of the ecoregion to the east and southeast of the Aravalli Range?

Hypothesis: This region is home to the Kathiarbar-Gir dry deciduous forests ecoregion, with tropical dry broadleaf forests that include teak, Acacia, and other trees.


Premise: What government was not recognized by the U.S. Army Military Government in Korea?

Hypothesis: The USAMGIK refused to recognize the provisional government of the short-lived People's Republic of Korea (PRK) because it suspected it was communist.


Premise: When will the new galleries open?

Hypothesis: It is planned that the new galleries will open in 2018.


Premise: What research is CERN dedicated to?

Hypothesis: Another important research center is the Paul Scherrer Institute.


Premise: When did youtube launch its first app for the iPhone?

Hypothesis: The mobile version is also available as an app for the Android platform.


Premise: Who commanded the armies across the Pruth River?

Hypothesis: Fewer than half of the 80,000 Russian soldiers who crossed the Pruth in 1853 survived.


Premise: What was the name of the Dutch physicist who invented the Leyden Jar?

Hypothesis: The following year, the Dutch physicist Pieter van Musschenbroek invented a similar capacitor, which was named the Leyden jar, after the University of Leiden where he worked.


Premise: Who argue for a term other than African American to describe recent immigrants?

Hypothesis: They suggest that the term "African-American" should refer strictly to the descendants of African slaves and free people of color who survived the slavery era in the United States.


Premise: In which year did the Tennessee General Assembly pass electoral reform laws that disenfranchised most African Americans in the state?

Hypothesis: Over the next decade, the state legislature passed increasingly restrictive laws to control African Americans.


Premise: The concern was over what in China and Tibet?

Hypothesis: The resolution would welcome the torch with "alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet."


Premise: When did South Africa impose the apartheid policy on Namibia?

Hypothesis: The port of Walvis Bay and the offshore Penguin Islands had been annexed by the Cape Colony under the British crown by 1878 and had become an integral part of the new Union of South Africa at its creation in 1910.


Premise: How are these gases formed?

Hypothesis: Some such organisms, including the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and cyanobacteria, have evolved a second step in the dark reactions in which protons and electrons are reduced to form H2 gas by specialized hydrogenases in the chloroplast.


Premise: What did Mary's child avoid according to the leader of the separation ?

Hypothesis: Martin Luther, who initiated the Protestant Reformation, said: "Mother Mary, like us, was born in sin of sinful parents, but the Holy Spirit covered her, sanctified and purified her so that this child was born of flesh and blood, but not with sinful flesh and blood.


Premise: The economy grows at what rate in the last few years?

Hypothesis: Much of the country is self-sufficient in food crops; however, livestock development is hindered by the presence of the tsetse fly.[citation needed]


Premise: What camera style does Spielberg often use?

Hypothesis: According to Warren Buckland, these themes are portrayed through the use of low height camera tracking shots, which have become one of Spielberg's directing trademarks.


Premise: How soon after the earthquake was Premier Wen Jiabao on his way to the area?

Hypothesis: Just 90 minutes after the earthquake, Premier Wen Jiabao, who has an academic background in geomechanics, flew to the earthquake area to oversee the rescue work.


Premise: When did the torch visit Macao?

Hypothesis: It was the first time that the Olympic torch had traveled to Macau.


Premise: Which precious metal did Biezma discover?

Hypothesis: The absence of servants and workers forged the spirit of northern people as self-dependent, creative people that defended their European heritage.


Premise: Who appoints the top positions in the USAF, including the Assistant Secretaries and General Council?

Hypothesis: The senior officials in the Office of the Secretary are the Under Secretary of the Air Force, four Assistant Secretaries of the Air Force and the General Counsel, all of whom are appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate.


Premise: What were the assistants to the plebeian tribunes named?

Hypothesis: The plebeians called these new officials "plebeian tribunes".


Premise: During what two months does the Christmas season take place?

Hypothesis: In recent years it has become common for many AC stations, particularly soft AC stations, to play primarily or exclusively Christmas music during the Christmas season in November and December.


Premise: Ursus Americanus is what animal that is found in relatively small numbers?

Hypothesis: The fauna in the state is just as diverse as the flora and varies greatly due to the large contrast in climates.


Premise: In what year were the Waldensians labeled as heretics?

Hypothesis: Despite that, the movement continues to exist to this day in Italy, as a part of the wider Reformed tradition.


Premise: When was the RIBA library founded?

Hypothesis: Some items from the collections are on permanent display at the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) in the V&A + RIBA Architecture Gallery and included in temporary exhibitions at the RIBA and across Europe and North America.


Premise: How many Allied prisoners did Japan take after the Battle of Singapore?

Hypothesis: After being driven out of Malaya, Allied forces in Singapore attempted to resist the Japanese during the Battle of Singapore but surrendered to the Japanese on 15 February 1942; about 130,000 Indian, British, Australian and Dutch personnel became prisoners of war.


Premise: Where did the famous incident involving the German pocket battleship take place in?

Hypothesis: The eagle figurehead of the Graf Spee was salvaged on 10 February 2006; to protect the feelings of those still sensitive to Nazi Germany, the swastika on the figurehead was covered as it was pulled from the water.


Premise: How many religious celebrations did Rome have?

Hypothesis: Roman calendars show roughly forty annual religious festivals.


Premise: When did Simon Cowell announce he was no longer going to be a judge?

Hypothesis: On January 11, 2010, Simon Cowell announced that he was leaving the show to pursue introducing the American version of his show The X Factor to the USA for 2011.


Premise: In what year was the World War I Memorial Carillon constructed?

Hypothesis: Byrd Park features a one-mile (1.6 km) running track, with exercise stops, a public dog park, and a number of small lakes for small boats, as well as two monuments, Buddha house, and an amphitheatre.


Premise: Morningside Park interrupts which street?

Hypothesis: The street is interrupted by Morningside Park.


Premise: The Church of England's reforms put it in the middle of what two traditions?

Hypothesis: By the end of the century, the retention in Anglicanism of many traditional liturgical forms and of the episcopate was already seen as unacceptable by those promoting the most developed Protestant principles.


Premise: What year did season nine of American Idol first air?

Hypothesis: Season nine premiered on January 12, 2010.


Premise: What poetry festival was first held in 1997?

Hypothesis: The Seattle Poetry Festival is a biennial poetry festival that (launched first as the Poetry Circus in 1997) has featured local, regional, national, and international names in poetry.


Premise: When did La Taverne Angaise open?

Hypothesis: A luxury restaurant, La Taverne Anglaise, opened in 1786 in the arcades of the Palais-Royal by Antoine Beauvilliers; it featured an elegant dining room, an extensive menu, linen tablecloths, a large wine list and well-trained waiters; it became a model for future Paris restaurants.


Premise: What is the purpose of buying commercial paper in a time of financial crisis?

Hypothesis: There is no limit on the bonds that it can buy and one of the tools at its disposal in a financial crisis is to take such extraordinary measures as the purchase of large amounts of assets such as commercial paper.


Premise: What did the pope die of?

Hypothesis: He died of stomach cancer on 3 June 1963, four and a half years after his election and two months after the completion of his final and famed encyclical, Pacem in terris.


Premise: What percentage of MCA/Universal did Matsushita Electric sell five years after acquiring the company?

Hypothesis: Hoping to build an entertainment empire around Universal, Seagram bought PolyGram in 1999 and other entertainment properties, but the fluctuating profits characteristic of Hollywood were no substitute for the reliable income stream gained from the previously held shares in DuPont.


Premise: What major life event was Victoria facing when she also had to contend with her first assassination attempt?

Hypothesis: During Victoria's first pregnancy in 1840, in the first few months of the marriage, 18-year-old Edward Oxford attempted to assassinate her while she was riding in a carriage with Prince Albert on her way to visit her mother.


Premise: It is also common to connect an airport and a city with what?

Hypothesis: Large airports usually have access also through controlled-access highways ('freeways' or 'motorways') from which motor vehicles enter either the departure loop or the arrival loop.


Premise: What hardware element did T3 feel might have issues with durability?

Hypothesis: Immediately we would be concerned about the durability of the top loading tray that feels like it could be yanked straight out off the console, but ultimately it all feels like Sony's nostalgic way of signing off the current generation console in anticipation for the PS4."


Premise: When did the numbers of free people of color increase dramatically?

Hypothesis: Revolutionary ideals led many men to free their slaves, some by deed and others by will, so that from 1782 to 1810, the percentage of free people of color rose from less than one percent to nearly 10 percent of blacks in the South.


Premise: When was the Gaia hypothesis discovered?

Hypothesis: The history of ecology in the 20th century is closely tied to that of environmentalism; the Gaia hypothesis, first formulated in the 1960s, and spreading in the 1970s, and more recently the scientific-religious movement of Deep Ecology have brought the two closer together.


Premise: Why did the US use the CIA instead of the Air Force to run drones?

Hypothesis: The use of drones by the Central Intelligence Agency in Pakistan to carry out operations associated with the Global War on Terror sparks debate over sovereignty and the laws of war.


Premise: What causes fermentation during the brewing process when making a beer?

Hypothesis: The amount of each starch source in a beer recipe is collectively called the grain bill.


Premise: what traditional options were available for users and small businesses?

Hypothesis: Using fiber-optics to end users is called Fiber To The Home or similar names.


Premise: In what year did Tito travel to the U.S. to visit Washington D.C., amist protest by anti-communist Croat, Serb and Albanian groups?

Hypothesis: In 1978, Tito traveled to the U.S.


Premise: What is the site for Bermuda's Remembrance Day?

Hypothesis: After the latter, Major-General Glyn Charles Anglim Gilbert, Bermuda's highest-ranking soldier, was instrumental in developing the Bermuda Regiment.


Premise: What is the annual average direct solar irradiation?

Hypothesis: The annual average direct solar irradiation is around 2,800 kWh/(m2 year) in the Great Desert.


Premise: How is the number that marks the occurrence of an event obtained?

Hypothesis: Temporal measurement, chronometry, takes two distinct period forms: the calendar, a mathematical tool for organizing intervals of time, and the clock, a physical mechanism that counts the passage of time.


Premise: What project broke Soviet codes?

Hypothesis: Also during this time, a joint US/UK code-breaking effort (the Venona project)—with which the FBI was heavily involved—broke Soviet diplomatic and intelligence communications codes, allowing the US and British governments to read Soviet communications.


Premise: What is pain medicine often under disciplines like physiatry, neurology, etc?

Hypothesis: The International Association for the Study of Pain advocates that the relief of pain should be recognized as a human right, that chronic pain should be considered a disease in its own right, and that pain medicine should have the full status of a specialty.


Premise: Why would a transmitter have additional adjustments?

Hypothesis: The intended impedance is normally resistive but a transmitter (and some receivers) may have additional adjustments to cancel a certain amount of reactance in order to "tweak" the match.


Premise: Flies and what other kind of insect transmit diseases?

Hypothesis: Insects commonly regarded as pests include those that are parasitic (e.g. lice, bed bugs), transmit diseases (mosquitoes, flies), damage structures (termites), or destroy agricultural goods (locusts, weevils).


Premise: How many years did the CFL South Division last?

Hypothesis: The CFL's controversial "South Division" as it would come to be officially known attempted to put CFL teams in the United States playing under Canadian rules between 1992 and 1995.


Premise: What specification is similar for both Amtrak and Septa systems?

Hypothesis: This allows for the trains to operate on both the Amtrak and SEPTA power systems.


Premise: What is the fine Art Nouveau villa called?

Hypothesis: Other noticeable contemporary buildings are the new Music school Cité de la Musique et de la Danse, the Musée d'Art moderne et contemporain and the Hôtel du Département facing it, as well as, in the outskirts, the tramway-station Hoenheim-Nord designed by Zaha Hadid.


Premise: Whose family are the Ahl al-Bayt a part of?

Hypothesis: The Shia believe that the Imams are the true Caliphs or rightful successors of Muhammad, and further that Imams are possessed of divine knowledge and authority (Ismah) as well as being part of the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of Muhammad.


Premise: What changes were made for the commercial publication of Maggie?

Hypothesis: To secure commercial publication in 1896, Crane agreed to remove profanity, but he also made stylistic revisions.


Premise: What did King Farouk restore after the demonstrations?

Hypothesis: On 13 November 1935, Nasser led a student demonstration against British rule, protesting against a statement made four days prior by UK foreign minister Samuel Hoare that rejected prospects for the 1923 Constitution's restoration.


Premise: How many main geographical sections make up North Carolina?

Hypothesis: North Carolina consists of three main geographic sections: the Atlantic Coastal Plain, which occupies the eastern 45% of the state; the Piedmont region, which contains the middle 35%; and the Appalachian Mountains and foothills.


Premise: Which estates were named after a ranch of a famous author?

Hypothesis: Tucson's "Restaurant Row" is also located on the east side, along with a significant corporate and financial presence.


Premise: What did the Allies invade after they conquered North Africa?

Hypothesis: But while Eisenhower argued with President Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Churchill, who both insisted on unconditional terms of surrender in exchange for helping the Italians, the Germans pursued an aggressive buildup of forces in the country – making the job more difficult, by adding 19 divisions and initially outnumbering the Allied forces 2 to 1; nevertheless, the invasion of Italy was highly successful.


Premise: What does modern ESC code do?

Hypothesis: This is the same meaning of "escape" encountered in URL encodings, C language strings, and other systems where certain characters have a reserved meaning.


Premise: How did India child workers act?

Hypothesis: Another reason many Indian children were hired was because they lack knowledge of their basic rights, they did not cause trouble or complain, and they were often more trustworthy.


Premise: What fungus protects pine trees from copper toxicity?

Hypothesis: The ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associated with Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in copper metalliferous soils.


Premise: Where did Feynman receive a job after getting his PhD?

Hypothesis: In a talk given several years later at UW, Feynman quipped, "It's great to be back at the only university that ever had the good sense to fire me."


Premise: What was Libya's GDP in 1969?

Hypothesis: It proved an economic success; while gross domestic product had been $3.8 billion in 1969, it had risen to $13.7 billion in 1974, and $24.5 billion in 1979.


Premise: What is the Spanish version of Turner Classic Movies?

Hypothesis: However, TCM now has licensing deals with other Hollywood film studios as well as its Time Warner sister company, Warner Bros. (which now controls the Turner Entertainment library and its own later films), and occasionally shows more recent films.


Premise: What are the main exports of the island?

Hypothesis: Imports are mainly from the UK and South Africa and amounted to £6.4 million in 2004-05 (quoted on an FOB basis).


Premise: Ritchie Blackmore and Randy Rhoads play what instrument?

Hypothesis: In heavy metal, a number of lead guitarists (playing electric guitar) modeled their playing styles on Baroque or Classical era instrumental music, including Ritchie Blackmore and Randy Rhoads.


Premise: What did the Jadidists establish themselves as in the late 19th century?

Hypothesis: During the late 19th Century the Jadidists established themselves as an Islamic social movement throughout the region.


Premise: Has any other  country been allowed to enter the competition since?

Hypothesis: In the 2013–14 season the first Channel Island club entered the competition when Guernsey F.C. competed for the first time.


Premise: Pergamum was led by whom when they defeated a Seleucid army?

Hypothesis: Pergamum broke away under Eumenes I who defeated a Seleucid army sent against him.


Premise: Which Republican presidential candidate did Tennessee support in 1920?

Hypothesis: In the 20th century, except for two nationwide Republican landslides of the 1920s (in 1920, when Tennessee narrowly supported Warren G. Harding over Ohio Governor James Cox, and in 1928, when it more decisively voted for Herbert Hoover over New York Governor Al Smith, a Catholic), the state was part of the Democratic Solid South until the 1950s.


Premise: What was the name of extinction level event that ended the dominance of the carnivores among therapsids?

Hypothesis: In the early Triassic, all the medium to large land carnivore niches were taken over by archosaurs which, over an extended period of time (35 million years), came to include the crocodylomorphs, the pterosaurs, and the dinosaurs.


Premise: What is the name of the first synthetic dye discovered?

Hypothesis: Perkin's discovery was prompted by his work with von Hofmann on the substance aniline, derived from coal tar, and it was this breakthrough which sparked the synthetic dye industry, a boom which some historians have labelled the second chemical revolution.


Premise: What did Qi Jiguang's private army do?

Hypothesis: Qi Jiguang's doctrine was based on Neo-Confucian ideas of binding troops' loyalty to their immediate superiors and also to the regions in which they were raised.


Premise: What does Bushido mean?

Hypothesis: Samurai was a word used by the Kuge aristocratic class with warriors themselves preferring the word bushi.


Premise: Who led the Fatah movement?

Hypothesis: He also advised Arafat to think of peace with Israel and the establishment of a Palestinian state comprising the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.


Premise: Who threatened the authority of Japan's central government?

Hypothesis: As early as 939 A.D, Taira no Masakado threatened the authority of the central government, leading an uprising in the eastern province of Hitachi, and almost simultaneously, Fujiwara no Sumitomo rebelled in the west.


Premise: In what year did ZZ Top release Eliminator?

Hypothesis: It reached number two on the Billboard album chart and provided the track "Jump", which reached number one on the singles chart and remained there for several weeks.


Premise: When did Lee randomly show up at the Los Angeles  Public Library?

Hypothesis: In May 2005, Lee made an uncharacteristic appearance at the Los Angeles Public Library at the request of Peck's widow Veronique, who said of Lee: "She's like a national treasure.


Premise: Greece has been a member of what agency since 2005?

Hypothesis: Having formally applied for full membership in 2003, Greece became the ESA's sixteenth member on 16 March 2005.


Premise: What country originally pulled iPods due to higher-than-allowed volume levels?

Hypothesis: However, users that have bought a new sixth-generation iPod in late 2013 have reported a new option that allowed them to disable the EU volume limit.


Premise: What was the name of the area in England ruled by the Vikings?

Hypothesis: No less far-reaching was the influence of Scandinavian upon the inflexional endings of English in hastening that wearing away and leveling of grammatical forms which gradually spread from north to south.


Premise: Who wrote E.T.'s script?

Hypothesis: Spielberg has filmed and is currently in post-production on an adaptation of Roald Dahl's celebrated children's story The BFG.


Premise: Who was Derby's replacement?

Hypothesis: Derby resigned in 1868, to be replaced by Benjamin Disraeli, who charmed Victoria.


Premise: In what year did The Walt Disney Company close The American Idol Experience?

Hypothesis: On February 14, 2009, The Walt Disney Company debuted "The American Idol Experience" at its Disney's Hollywood Studios theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida.


Premise: What type of grapes are grown in the valley of Valais?

Hypothesis: Large alpine areas such as Graubünden remain drier than pre-alpine areas and as in the main valley of the Valais wine grapes are grown there.


Premise: What organization of oil producers was Libya a part of?

Hypothesis: In October 1969, he proclaimed the current trade terms unfair, benefiting foreign corporations more than the Libyan state, and by threatening to reduce production, in December Jalloud successfully increased the price of Libyan oil.


Premise: What said that agencies had to start using Moody's and S&P to assess financial institutions?

Hypothesis: In essence, they forced European banks, and, more importantly, the European Central Bank itself e.g. when gauging the solvency of financial institutions, to rely more than ever on standardised assessments of credit risk marketed by two non-European private agencies: Moody's and S&P.


Premise: What was the result of early law on online liability?

Hypothesis: The first laws on online intermediaries' liability were passed from the mid-1990s onwards.[citation needed]


Premise: What did the stalemate lead the President of Eritrea to urge the UN to do?

Hypothesis: The stalemate led the President of Eritrea to urge the UN to take action on Ethiopia with the Eleven Letters penned by the President to the United Nations Security Council.


Premise: Where was Chopin invited to in late summer?

Hypothesis: In late summer he was invited by Jane Stirling to visit Scotland, where he stayed at Calder House near Edinburgh and at Johnstone Castle in Renfrewshire, both owned by members of Stirling's family.


Premise: When was the modern era?

Hypothesis: The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common practice period.


Premise: Power delivery protocols have been updated to facilitate what?

Hypothesis: It covers the Type-C cable and connector with four power/ground pairs and a separate configuration channel, which now hosts a DC coupled low-frequency BMC-coded data channel that reduces the possibilities for RF interference.


Premise: What was the shipping services imported by Greece in 2011 worth?

Hypothesis: Counting shipping as quasi-exports and in terms of monetary value, Greece ranked 4th globally in 2011 having "exported" shipping services worth 17,704.132 million $; only Denmark, Germany and South Korea ranked higher during that year.


Premise: How many people were killed in Beichuan County?

Hypothesis: 3,000 to 5,000 people were killed in Beichuan County, Sichuan alone; in the same location, 10,000 people were injured and 80% of the buildings were destroyed.


Premise: What does George W. Gill think about the veracity of the idea that race is only skin deep?

Hypothesis: This is not surprising since the selective forces of climate are probably the primary forces of nature that have shaped human races with regard not only to skin color and hair form but also the underlying bony structures of the nose, cheekbones, etc.


Premise: Why does inert gas reduce efficiency?

Hypothesis: While inert gas reduces filament evaporation, it also conducts heat from the filament, thereby cooling the filament and reducing efficiency.


Premise: Along with hygroscopic, cellular, and anisotropic, how is the material of wood described?

Hypothesis: It consists of cells, and the cell walls are composed of micro-fibrils of cellulose (40% – 50%) and hemicellulose (15% – 25%) impregnated with lignin (15% – 30%).


Premise: What conditions did the African slaves in Brazil live in?

Hypothesis: Between 1500 and 1760, 700.000 Europeans settled in Brazil, while 530.000 Europeans settled in the United States for the same given time.


Premise: What does Lykegenes mean?

Hypothesis: In this interpretation, Apollo's title of Lykegenes can simply be read as "born in Lycia", which effectively severs the god's supposed link with wolves (possibly a folk etymology).


Premise: In Yamamoto's plan, what northern islands were to be attacked?

Hypothesis: A Japanese force was sent north to attack the Aleutian Islands.


Premise: Valencia has the largest port on which coast?

Hypothesis: Valencia's port is the biggest on the Mediterranean western coast, the first of Spain in container traffic as of 2008 and the second of Spain in total traffic, handling 20% of Spain's exports.


Premise: Where is 'Discoveryland!'?

Hypothesis: In 1953 he was featured along with the Oklahoma!


Premise: Grand theft Auto V was released in what year?

Hypothesis: The Masquerade – Bloodlines (2004), Grand Theft Auto San Andreas (2004) as a fictional district - Santa Maria Beach, Destroy All Humans!


Premise: In order to explain glass breaking, Fundamental laws of physics can be paired with what?

Hypothesis: The second law of thermodynamics, as it arises in statistical mechanics, merely states that it is overwhelmingly likely that net entropy will increase, but it is not an absolute law.


Premise: Why was the new iMac G4 considerably more expensive than the G3?

Hypothesis: However, the new iMac with its flexible LCD flat-panel monitor was considerably more expensive on its debut than the preceding iMac G3, largely due to the higher cost of the LCD technology at the time.


Premise: When did a similar revolt occur in Castile?

Hypothesis: She is thought to have signed the death warrants of 100 former rebels personally, and sources indicate that as many as 800 executions may have occurred.


Premise: What were the exta of a sacrifice?

Hypothesis: As a product of Roman sacrifice, the exta and blood are reserved for the gods, while the meat (viscera) is shared among human beings in a communal meal.


Premise: What were the two DB10s that were not needed for filming used for?

Hypothesis: Only eight of those 10 were used for the film, however; the remaining two were used for promotional work.


Premise: Who is responsible for the legally-bound obligations of the parties to a treaty?

Hypothesis: A treaty is the official document which expresses that agreement in words; and it is also the objective outcome of a ceremonial occasion which acknowledges the parties and their defined relationships.


Premise: Which product enabled users to view images on the device?

Hypothesis: The iPod photo introduced the ability to display JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG image file formats.


Premise: Greece's climate is affected by what range?

Hypothesis: The Pindus mountain range strongly affects the climate of the country, as areas to the west of the range are considerably wetter on average (due to greater exposure to south-westerly systems bringing in moisture) than the areas lying to the east of the range (due to a rain shadow effect).


Premise: What is the percentage of intelligibility between dialects?

Hypothesis: The dialects of the Catalan language feature a relative uniformity, especially when compared to other Romance languages; both in terms of vocabulary, semantics, syntax, morphology, and phonology.


Premise: How many members are on the NYC city council?

Hypothesis: The Mayor and council members are elected to four-year terms.


Premise: Who was forced to retreat back to the Pusan Peninsula due to unpreparedness?

Hypothesis: In a postwar analysis of the unpreparedness of U.S. Army forces deployed to Korea during the summer and fall of 1950, Army Major General Floyd L. Parks stated that "Many who never lived to tell the tale had to fight the full range of ground warfare from offensive to delaying action, unit by unit, man by man ...


Premise: For what purpose was asphalt used in swimming pools and baths?

Hypothesis: Roads in the US have been paved with materials that include asphalt/bitumen since at least 1870, when a street in front of the Newark, NJ City Hall was paved.


Premise: What did Harry Caray dub Wickers?

Hypothesis: Another unofficial but much more well-known mascot is Ronnie "Woo Woo" Wickers who is a longtime fan and local celebrity in the Chicago area.


Premise: In which year did the period known as the "Era of Good Feelings" begin?

Hypothesis: However, a consensus reached on these issues ended party politics in 1816 for a decade, a period commonly known as the Era of Good Feelings.


Premise: Which continent has similar plant and animal life as the British Isles?

Hypothesis: All native flora and fauna in Ireland is made up of species that migrated from elsewhere in Europe, and Great Britain in particular.


Premise: Which three territories make up the Upper Rhine?

Hypothesis: The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss).


Premise: Who called postmodern architecture a "decorated shed"?

Hypothesis: Robert Venturi famously defined postmodern architecture as a "decorated shed" (an ordinary building which is functionally designed inside and embellished on the outside), and upheld it against modernist and brutalist "ducks" (buildings with unnecessarily expressive tectonic forms).


Premise: What is the name of the headscarf worn by married women?

Hypothesis: Married women tend to sport headscarves referred to as shaash.


Premise: The implicit meaning of a Quranic verse that is known fully only by God is which type of ta'wil?

Hypothesis: Unacceptable ta'wil is where one "transfers" the apparent meaning of a verse to a different meaning by means of a proof; this method is not without obvious inconsistencies.


Premise: Who did the Cubs hire in response to Jim Hendry's promotion?

Hypothesis: On July 5, 2002 the Cubs promoted assistant general manager and player personnel director Jim Hendry to the General Manager position.


Premise: Who is the children's King?

Hypothesis: In the King's precession he and his concubines scandalize the town with their sexual behavior.


Premise: What happens to amino acids that are left over after the body has converted what it can to glucose?

Hypothesis: However, complementary sources of protein do not need to be eaten at the same meal to be used together by the body.


Premise: What is a convertible form factor?

Hypothesis: Microsoft released minimum hardware requirements for tablet and laplet devices to be "certified" for Windows 8, and defined a convertible form factor as a standalone device that combines the PC, display and rechargeable power source with a mechanically attached keyboard and pointing device in a single chassis.


Premise: Whish Hellinistic historian focused primarely on the economic system?

Hypothesis: Recently, however, papyrologist C. Préaux has concentrated predominantly on the economic system, interactions between kings and cities and provides a generally pessimistic view on the period.


Premise: What is a name for a type of rock music that is extremely varied in sound?

Hypothesis: Drawing inspiration from elements of punk rock while departing from its musical conventions and wider cultural affiliations, post-punk music was marked by varied, experimentalist sensibilities and its "conceptual assault" on rock tradition.


Premise: Who compared annelid genes in 2007?

Hypothesis: For a cross-check the study used an analysis of 11 genes (including the original 3) in 10 taxa.


Premise: According to many western countries, why have Eritrean authorities detained an unknown number of people?

Hypothesis: Most Western countries have accused the Eritrean authorities of arbitrary arrest and detentions, and of detaining an unknown number of people without charge for their political activism.


Premise: What groups can be combined to describe every group?

Hypothesis: The dihedral group D4, for example, can be generated by two elements r and f (for example, r = r1, the right rotation and f = fv the vertical (or any other) reflection), which means that every symmetry of the square is a finite composition of these two symmetries or their inverses.


Premise: Who coined the term "battery"?

Hypothesis: He also adopted the term "battery", (denoting the increasing of power with a row of similar units as in a battery of cannon), subsequently applied to clusters of electrochemical cells.


Premise: What does the red color in the Nepalese flag represent?

Hypothesis: Some Communist countries, such as Cuba, chose to keep their old flags; and other countries used red flags which had nothing to do with Communism or socialism; the red flag of Nepal, for instance, represents the national flower.


Premise: What was the name of the local government and tribunal?

Hypothesis: After Isabella's victory, she initiated an administrative and political reform which the chronicler Jeronimo Zurita defined as "doma del Reino de Galicia": 'It was then when the taming of Galicia began, because not just the local lords and knights, but all the people of that nation were the ones against the others very bold and warlike'.


Premise: Who originally developed the ski-jump ramp?

Hypothesis: Another deck structure that can be seen is a ski-jump ramp at the forward end of the flight deck.


Premise: In what area did the French army display superior technology to its opponents?

Hypothesis: The French army fought 67 actions and won 18 pitched battles through superior artillery technology and Bonaparte's tactics.


Premise: When did the Second Sino-Japanese War begin?

Hypothesis: Some historians contend that the conflict in Asia can be dated back to 7 July 1937 with the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War between the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China, or possibly 19 September 1931, beginning with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria.


Premise: What was changed so she could still qualify?

Hypothesis: Crystal Bowersox, who has Type-I diabetes, fell ill due to diabetic ketoacidosis on the morning of the girls performance night for the top 20 week and was hospitalized.


Premise: Which type of geographical district became more powerful in Tennessee politics following the 1962 Supreme Court decision?

Hypothesis: After decades in which urban populations had been underrepresented in many state legislatures, this significant ruling led to an increased (and proportional) prominence in state politics by urban and, eventually, suburban, legislators and statewide officeholders in relation to their population within the state.


Premise: What is the name of the media magnate that bought The Times in the 1980s?

Hypothesis: Several suitors appeared, including Robert Maxwell, Tiny Rowland and Lord Rothermere; however, only one buyer was in a position to meet the full Thomson remit, Australian media magnate Rupert Murdoch.


Premise: In what city and state is the Arena Football League based?

Hypothesis: The Arena Football League has its headquarters in Chicago, Illinois.


Premise: When did the use of agriculture begin it's spread?

Hypothesis: Starting at the transition between the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period, some 80,000 to 70,000 years ago, some hunter-gatherers bands began to specialize, concentrating on hunting a smaller selection of (often larger) game and gathering a smaller selection of food.


Premise: Most insects have what kind of vision?

Hypothesis: Many species have acute vision capable of detecting minute movements.


Premise: The act of predation typically results in what for the prey?

Hypothesis: Predators may or may not kill their prey prior to feeding on them, but the act of predation almost always results in the death of the prey.


Premise: Which court did the lawsuit take place in?

Hypothesis: In February 2007, Texas MP3 Technologies sued Apple, Samsung Electronics and Sandisk in eastern Texas federal court, claiming infringement of a portable MP3 player patent that Texas MP3 said it had been assigned.


Premise: What museum is known for its display of French art of the 19th century?

Hypothesis: The Musée du quai Branly was the fourth-most visited national museum in Paris in 2014; it displays art objects from Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Americas.


Premise: If the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom becomes sick in New York City, what hospital does he go to?

Hypothesis: The most well-known hospital in the HHC system is Bellevue Hospital, the oldest public hospital in the United States.


Premise: When did Diana die?

Hypothesis: In 1997, a year after the divorce, Diana was killed in a car crash in Paris.


Premise: When did the Apollo 11 mission launch?

Hypothesis: They trained for the mission until just before the actual launch day.


Premise: How many Digimon movies have been released in Japan?

Hypothesis: Digimon: The Movie, released in the U.S. and Canada territory by Fox Kids through 20th Century Fox on October 6, 2000, consists of the union of the first three Japanese movies.


Premise: Latin translations indirectly advanced whose science and culture?

Hypothesis: There Arabic texts, Hebrew texts, and Latin texts were translated into the other tongues by Muslim, Jewish and Christian scholars, who also argued the merits of their respective religions.


Premise: After whom is the performing arts center in Midtown named?

Hypothesis: The wealthier residents usually live in the northeastern part, in Midtown, the Design District, and the Upper East Side, with many sought after 1920s homes and home of the MiMo Historic District, a style of architecture originated in Miami in the 1950s.


Premise: To purify insulin, Banting and Best sought the assistance of what company?

Hypothesis: Soon, the extract was demonstrated to work in people, but development of insulin therapy as a routine medical procedure was delayed by difficulties in producing the material in sufficient quantity and with reproducible purity.


Premise: What are some other biographies that differ from the Jataka tales?

Hypothesis: Earlier biographies such as the Buddhacarita, the Lokottaravādin Mahāvastu, and the Sarvāstivādin Lalitavistara Sūtra, give different accounts.


Premise: A Pirani gauge is accurate within what ranges?

Hypothesis: These gauges are accurate from 10 torr to 10−3 torr, but they are sensitive to the chemical composition of the gases being measured.


Premise: What percent reduction of greenhouse gases does Mayor de Blasio want to see by 2050?

Hypothesis: Mayor Bill de Blasio has committed to an 80% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions between 2014 and 2050 to reduce the city's contributions to climate change, beginning with a comprehensive "Green Buildings" plan.


Premise: What is the name of the modern Chamorro language?

Hypothesis: The modern Chamorro language is a Malayo-Polynesian language with much Spanish and Filipino influence.


Premise: What cabinet agency did Eisenhower make Social Security a part of?

Hypothesis: He expanded its programs and rolled them into a new cabinet-level agency, the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, while extending benefits to an additional ten million workers.


Premise: What is the interpretation of the term?

Hypothesis: These territories are sometimes referred to as the Països Catalans (Catalan Countries), a denomination based on cultural affinity and common heritage, that has also had a subsequent political interpretation but no official status.


Premise: What year did Vieira first assume power?

Hypothesis: Previously, he held power for 19 years after taking power in 1980 in a bloodless coup.


Premise: What are giant axons?

Hypothesis: Most annelids' longitudinal nerve trunks include giant axons (the output signal lines of nerve cells).


Premise: Who were the opening act for Madonna's concert The Virgin tour?

Hypothesis: She referred to these events at the 1985 outdoor Live Aid charity concert, saying that she would not take her jacket off because "[the media] might hold it against me ten years from now."


Premise: Who was Sir Keith Murray?

Hypothesis: In Britain, the move from Industrial Revolution to modernity saw the arrival of new civic universities with an emphasis on science and engineering, a movement initiated in 1960 by Sir Keith Murray (chairman of the University Grants Committee) and Sir Samuel Curran, with the formation of the University of Strathclyde.


Premise: What percentage of murderers in California are given the death penalty and subsequently executed?

Hypothesis: A 2004 Cornell University study showed that while 2.5 percent of murderers convicted nationwide were sentenced to the death penalty, in Nevada 6 percent were given the death penalty.


Premise: What can be applied to daily life once it is attained?

Hypothesis: Notably, one could in theory attain Nirvana at any point of practice, whether deep in meditation, listening to a sermon, conducting the business of one's daily life, or any other activity.


Premise: When was the phrase Iranian language family first used?

Hypothesis: Some recent scholarship, primarily in German, has revived this convention.


Premise: In which war were England and the Netherlands allies?

Hypothesis: Peace between England and the Netherlands in 1688 meant that the two countries entered the Nine Years' War as allies, but the conflict—waged in Europe and overseas between France, Spain and the Anglo-Dutch alliance—left the English a stronger colonial power than the Dutch, who were forced to devote a larger proportion of their military budget on the costly land war in Europe.


Premise: Who wrote Geschichte des Hellenismus?

Hypothesis: Although words related in form or meaning, e.g. Hellenist (Ancient Greek: Ἑλληνιστής, Hellēnistēs), have been attested since ancient times, it was J. G. Droysen in the mid-19th century, who in his classic work Geschichte des Hellenismus, i.e. History of Hellenism, coined the term Hellenistic to refer to and define the period when Greek culture spread in the non-Greek world after Alexander’s conquest.


Premise: What other types of petrels breed on Phillip Island?

Hypothesis: Other seabirds breeding there include the white-necked petrel, Kermadec petrel, wedge-tailed shearwater, Australasian gannet, red-tailed tropicbird and grey ternlet.


Premise: What rooms are dumbwaiters frequently used in?

Hypothesis: They often connect kitchens to rooms on other floors.


Premise: How is most of Tucson's water used?

Hypothesis: Perhaps the biggest sustainability problem in Tucson, with its high desert climate, is potable water supply.


Premise: Who refused a German-Soviet peace plan?

Hypothesis: When a joint German–Soviet peace initiative was rejected by Britain and France on 28 September 1939, Soviet foreign policy became critical of the Allies and more pro-German in turn.


Premise: How many security guards died at the reserve?

Hypothesis: Nine-year-old Mao Mao, a mother of five at the breeding center, was discovered on Monday, her body crushed by a wall in her enclosure.


Premise: What were races considered to be, according to the ideology of race?

Hypothesis: From the 17th through 19th centuries, the merging of folk beliefs about group differences with scientific explanations of those differences produced what one scholar has called an "ideology of race".


Premise: Who passed the Osborne judgment?

Hypothesis: The 1910 election saw 42 Labour MPs elected to the House of Commons, a significant victory since, a year before the election, the House of Lords had passed the Osborne judgment ruling that Trades Unions in the United Kingdom could no longer donate money to fund the election campaigns and wages of Labour MPs.


Premise: Which element in wood composes about 42% of its weight?

Hypothesis: Wood also contains sulfur, chlorine, silicon, phosphorus, and other elements in small quantity.


Premise: What anti-Semitic fabrication did The Times endorse in 1920?

Hypothesis: On 8 May 1920, also under the editorship of Steed, The Times in an editorial endorsed the anti-Semitic fabrication The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion as a genuine document, and called Jews the world's greatest danger.


Premise: What was included in the new organ from the previous Hill organ of 1848?

Hypothesis: Some pipework from the previous Hill organ of 1848 was revoiced and incorporated in the new scheme.


Premise: What branch of the Department for Transport has its headquarters in Southampton?

Hypothesis: Despite the still active and expanding docklands to the west of the city centre, further enhanced with the opening of a fourth cruise terminal in 2009, parts of the eastern docks have been redeveloped; the Ocean Village development, which included a local marina and small entertainment complex, is a good example.


Premise: Where is the Guilford Courthouse National Military Park?

Hypothesis: National Park Service units include the Appalachian National Scenic Trail, the Blue Ridge Parkway, Cape Hatteras National Seashore, Cape Lookout National Seashore, Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site at Flat Rock, Fort Raleigh National Historic Site at Manteo, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Guilford Courthouse National Military Park in Greensboro, Moores Creek National Battlefield near Currie in Pender County, the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail, Old Salem National Historic Site in Winston-Salem, the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail, and Wright Brothers National Memorial in Kill Devil Hills.


Premise: What problem did the hardware modification cause with later games?

Hypothesis: Internally, a regional lockout chip (CIC) within the console and in each cartridge prevents PAL region games from being played on Japanese or North American consoles and vice versa.


Premise: What type of ceilings became commonplace?

Hypothesis: The chimneypiece continued to be the usual main focus of rooms, and was now given a classical treatment, and increasingly topped by a painting or a mirror.


Premise: What year did Magellan locate the island of Guam?

Hypothesis: The first European to discover Guam was Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, when he sighted the island on March 6, 1521 during his fleet's circumnavigation of the globe.:41–42 When Magellan arrived on Guam, he was greeted by hundreds of small outrigger canoes that appeared to be flying over the water, due to their considerable speed.


Premise: Why are many plants green?

Hypothesis: Green is common in nature, as many plants are green because of a complex chemical known as chlorophyll, which is involved in photosynthesis.


Premise: What is the purpose of an evolutionary arms race?

Hypothesis: This is called an evolutionary arms race and tends to keep the populations of both species in equilibrium.


Premise: What general supported the conversion of a US Arsenal into Porter Military Academy?

Hypothesis: General William T. Sherman lent his support to the conversion of the United States Arsenal into the Porter Military Academy, an educational facility for former soldiers and boys left orphaned or destitute by the war.


Premise: Which Spielberg movie showed its main character was a Boy Scout?

Hypothesis: That same year, 1989, saw the release of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade.


Premise: How much of a royalty was Gray able to negotiate with a New York publisher for On the Origin of Species?

Hypothesis: Gray managed to negotiate a 5% royalty with Appleton's of New York, who got their edition out in mid January 1860, and the other two withdrew.


Premise: Which term is defined as one's thoughts and feelings about one's self-concept and identity?

Hypothesis: Contrary to popular belief, there is no empirical evidence for a significant drop in self-esteem over the course of adolescence. "


Premise: What happens to the body of the wild animal killed?

Hypothesis: In this case, the body of any wild animal killed or wounded becomes government property.


Premise: Why could the Tories and the Opposition Whigs never form a single party?

Hypothesis: Although the Tories were dismissed from office for half a century, for most of this period (at first under the leadership of Sir William Wyndham), the Tories retained party cohesion, with occasional hopes of regaining office, particularly at the accession of George II (1727) and the downfall of the ministry of Sir Robert Walpole in 1742.


Premise: When did Schleiermacher publish his lecture "On the Different Methods of Translation"?

Hypothesis: Schleiermacher favored the latter approach; he was motivated, however, not so much by a desire to embrace the foreign, as by a nationalist desire to oppose France's cultural domination and to promote German literature.


Premise: Give one example of energy transformation.

Hypothesis: Examples of energy transformation include generating electric energy from heat energy via a steam turbine, or lifting an object against gravity using electrical energy driving a crane motor.


Premise: During what era was the Hanumandhoka Palace constructed?

Hypothesis: It has a variety of pieces including his personal belongings, letters and papers, memorabilia related to events he was involved in and a rare collection of photos and paintings of Royal family members.


Premise: What are larger weapon systems usually mounted on?

Hypothesis: Most modern systems are usually either self-propelled (i.e. guns or missiles are mounted on a truck or tracked chassis) or easily towed.


Premise: On what date was the Magna Carta Universitatum signed?

Hypothesis: This is now widely recognised internationally - on 18 September 1988, 430 university rectors signed the Magna Charta Universitatum, marking the 900th anniversary of Bologna's foundation.


Premise: How much money was allocated to the volunteer Territorial Army?

Hypothesis: The cuts would have meant a significant loss of personnel and would have had adverse effects on recruitment.


Premise: Who forced Christianity upon the Alsace people?

Hypothesis: Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized.


Premise: This is the first season to have what kind of auditions?

Hypothesis: Season ten is the first to include online auditions where contestants could submit a 40-second video audition via Myspace.


Premise: In what year was Gregg v. Georgia decided?

Hypothesis: In 1976, contemporaneously with Woodson and Roberts, the Court decided Gregg v. Georgia and upheld a procedure in which the trial of capital crimes was bifurcated into guilt-innocence and sentencing phases.


Premise: Is the trade of pesticides and pesticide treated goods limited to the United States?

Hypothesis: Though pesticide regulations differ from country to country, pesticides, and products on which they were used are traded across international borders.


Premise: Who said that she is the reigning national voice?

Hypothesis: Right now, she is the heir-apparent diva of the USA — the reigning national voice."


Premise: Of Africa what rank in size country is Mali?

Hypothesis: Mali is the eighth-largest country in Africa, with an area of just over 1,240,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi).


Premise: Nintendo's measures for third party game developers were also adopted by which later manufacturers?

Hypothesis: Unlike Atari, which never actively courted third-party developers (and even went to court in an attempt to force Activision to cease production of Atari 2600 games), Nintendo had anticipated and encouraged the involvement of third-party software developers; strictly, however, on Nintendo's terms.


Premise: For every 100 females, how many males were there?

Hypothesis: For every 100 females there were 96.2 males.


Premise: What are written with a single character?

Hypothesis: Chinese characters are primarily morphosyllabic, meaning that most Chinese morphemes are monosyllabic and are written with a single character, though in modern Chinese most words are disyllabic and dimorphemic, consisting of two syllables, each of which is a morpheme.


Premise: What class was polands nobility?

Hypothesis: Poland's nobility was not a rigidly exclusive, closed class.


Premise: What was the date of the bombing of Hamburg?

Hypothesis: By May 1941 the threat of an invasion of Britain had passed, and Hitler's attention had turned to Operation Barbarossa in the East.


Premise: What percentage of people who've had upper limbs amputated feel phantom pain?

Hypothesis: If the pain is continuous for a long period, parts of the intact body may become sensitized, so that touching them evokes pain in the phantom limb, or phantom limb pain may accompany urination or defecation.


Premise: In what structure did Lee surrender to Grant?

Hypothesis: He surrendered his remaining approximately 10000 troops at Appomattox Court House the following morning.


Premise: Where have moraines accumulated?

Hypothesis: Moraines, piles of rock picked up during the movement of the glacier, accumulate at edges, center and the terminus of glaciers.


Premise: What does stupas mean in English?

Hypothesis: Buddhism may have spread only slowly in India until the time of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka, who was a public supporter of the religion.


Premise: What language is spoken in the U.S.A?

Hypothesis: By 2015, there was a trend that most Americans and American residents who are of Hispanic descent speak only English in the home.


Premise: Which port in Melborne is the busiest seaport for containerised and general cargo?

Hypothesis: the Port of Melbourne is Australia's busiest seaport for containerised and general cargo.


Premise: Which doctrine describes the belief that Mary remained a virgin, even though she gave birth to Jesus?

Hypothesis: The term Ever-Virgin (Greek ἀειπάρθενος) is applied in this case, stating that Mary remained a virgin for the remainder of her life, making Jesus her biological and only son, whose conception and birth are held to be miraculous.


Premise: How many feet high are the mountains from which the Bagmati flows?

Hypothesis: Kathmandu is dissected by eight rivers, the main river of the valley, the Bagmati and its tributaries, of which the Bishnumati, Dhobi Khola, Manohara Khola, Hanumant Khola, and Tukucha Khola are predominant.


Premise: What was the most valued type of building craft called?

Hypothesis: Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.)


Premise: What was the game in feudal territory was used as?

Hypothesis: The importance of this proprietary view of game can be seen in the Robin Hood legends, in which one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they "hunt the King's deer".


Premise: What did the decision ultimately uphold?

Hypothesis: While the decision (with four dissents) ultimately upheld the state law allowing the funding of transportation of students to religious schools, the majority opinion (by Justice Hugo Black) and the dissenting opinions (by Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge and Justice Robert H. Jackson) each explicitly stated that the Constitution has erected a "wall between church and state" or a "separation of Church from State": their disagreement was limited to whether this case of state funding of transportation to religious schools breached that wall.


Premise: What varies greatly?

Hypothesis: There is no absolute rule for using either system, and often it is determined by what the target audience understands, as well as the upbringing of the writer.


Premise: What could be considered a trait of Rome's military campaigns?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, it was generally the fate of the greatest of Rome's enemies, such as Pyrrhus and Hannibal, to win early battles but lose the war.


Premise: Who developed the first mnotor capable of being used for machinery?

Hypothesis: The first commutator DC electric motor capable of turning machinery was invented by the British scientist William Sturgeon in 1832.


Premise: When did English Freemasonry arrive in France?

Hypothesis: English Freemasonry spread to France in the 1720s, first as lodges of expatriates and exiled Jacobites, and then as distinctively French lodges which still follow the ritual of the Moderns.


Premise: How many countries contain glaciers?

Hypothesis: Glaciers are present on every continent and approximately fifty countries, excluding those (Australia, South Africa) that have glaciers only on distant subantarctic island territories.


Premise: Who established Christianity in the region?

Hypothesis: The Frankish expansion of the Carolingian Empire and the Bavarian expansion in the eastern Alps introduced feudalism and the building of castles to support the growing number of dukedoms and kingdoms.


Premise: What was Eisenhower's date of death?

Hypothesis: On the morning of March 28, 1969, at the age of 78, Eisenhower died in Washington, D.C. of congestive heart failure at Walter Reed Army Medical Center.


Premise: What basic civil planning system for streets is rooted in neoclassicism?

Hypothesis: Neoclassicism also influenced city planning; the ancient Romans had used a consolidated scheme for city planning for both defence and civil convenience, however, the roots of this scheme go back to even older civilizations.


Premise: How many percent of adolescents have had a romantic relationship lasting one month or longer by age 15?

Hypothesis: By age 15, 53% of adolescents have had a romantic relationship that lasted at least one month over the course of the previous 18 months.


Premise: Which museum feature the original copy of the Gutenberg Bible?

Hypothesis: New Haven is also home to the New Haven Museum and Historical Society on Whitney Avenue, which has a library of many primary source treasures dating from Colonial times to the present.


Premise: How many Romans lived in Mithridate the Great's kingdom in 88 BC?

Hypothesis: In 88 BC, Mithridates ordered the killing of a majority of the 80,000 Romans living in his kingdom.


Premise: In a 1977 poll, what percentage of respondents preferred life imprisonment to the death penalty?

Hypothesis: On the question of the death penalty vs. life without parole, the strongest preference for the death penalty was 61 percent in 1997 (29 percent favoring life), and the lowest preference for the death penalty was 47 percent in 2006 (48 percent favoring life).


Premise: Lighting targets hidden by haze had to be done without what?

Hypothesis: Locating targets in skies obscured by industrial haze meant they needed to be illuminated "without regard for the civilian population".


Premise: In what year did the State Management Scheme cease?

Hypothesis: There was a special case established under the State Management Scheme where the brewery and licensed premises were bought and run by the state until 1973, most notably in Carlisle.


Premise: Where was a makeshift closing ceremony held for the torch relay in San Francisco?

Hypothesis: The relay descended into confusion as the first runner in the elaborately planned relay disappeared into a warehouse on a waterfront pier where it stayed for a half-an-hour.


Premise: What types of names do "coloureds" have?

Hypothesis: They also tend to have more European-sounding names than Bantu names.


Premise: When did the League of Nations grant Britain a mandate over Palestine?

Hypothesis: In 1922, the League of Nations granted Britain a mandate over Palestine under terms which included the Balfour Declaration with its promise to the Jews, and with similar provisions regarding the Arab Palestinians.


Premise: Who was Jack Brown's wife?

Hypothesis: The Fortune label was a family-operated label located on Third Avenue in Detroit, and was owned by the husband and wife team of Jack Brown and Devora Brown.


Premise: Who influences Boston's politics and religion?

Hypothesis: Irish Americans are a major influence on Boston's politics and religious institutions.


Premise: What is one of the many ways the DCA utilizes passive defense to protect from enemy attacks?

Hypothesis: Passive defense is "measures taken to reduce the probability of and to minimize the effects of damage caused by hostile action without the intention of taking the initiative" (JP 1-02).


Premise: What percentage of buildings were destroyed?

Hypothesis: The epicenter was in Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, 80 km west/northwest of the provincial capital of Chengdu, with its main tremor occurring at 14:28:01.42 China Standard Time (06:28:01.42 UTC), on May 12, 2008 lasting for around 2 minutes, in the quake almost 80% of buildings were destroyed.


Premise: When did the age of Middle Iranian come to a close?

Hypothesis: What is known in Iranian linguistic history as the "Middle Iranian" era is thought to begin around the 4th century BCE lasting through the 9th century.