Premise: What did the Federal Aviation Agency change it's name to?

Hypothesis: The FAA administrator would no longer report directly to the president but would instead report to the Secretary of Transportation.


Premise: What kind of protocol is the Robots Exclusion Standard?

Hypothesis: As a result, the Internet Archive has rendered unavailable a number of web sites that now are inaccessible through the Wayback Machine.


Premise: Who ruled Aksum and also governed the port of Adulis?

Hypothesis: The state also established its hegemony over the declining Kingdom of Kush and regularly entered the politics of the kingdoms on the Arabian peninsula, eventually extending its rule over the region with the conquest of the Himyarite Kingdom.


Premise: What is the Edwardian era?

Hypothesis: The Edwardian era in the United Kingdom is the period spanning the reign of King Edward VII up to the end of the First World War, including the years surrounding the sinking of the RMS Titanic.


Premise: What is the literacy rate of Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: The population of the Hyderabad urban agglomeration has since been estimated by electoral officials to be 9.1 million as of early 2013 but is expected to exceed 10 million by the end of the year.


Premise: What were mercenary forces called?

Hypothesis: Feudal levies could only be raised for a fixed length of time before they returned home, forcing an end to a campaign; mercenary forces, often called Brabançons after the Duchy of Brabant but actually recruited from across northern Europe, could operate all year long and provide a commander with more strategic options to pursue a campaign, but cost much more than equivalent feudal forces.


Premise: UNFPA has been accused of supporting programs that coerce what?

Hypothesis: UNFPA has been falsely accused by anti-family planning groups of providing support for government programs which have promoted forced-abortions and coercive sterilizations.


Premise: In what type of relationship does an organism travel by means of another?

Hypothesis: Commensal relationships may involve one organism using another for transportation (phoresy) or for housing (inquilinism), or it may also involve one organism using something another created, after its death (metabiosis).


Premise: How far upstream to water taxis run along the Yarra River?

Hypothesis: Station Pier on Port Phillip Bay is the main passenger ship terminal with cruise ships and the Spirit of Tasmania ferries which cross Bass Strait to Tasmania docking there.


Premise: The term Near East has fallen into disuses in what language?

Hypothesis: The term has fallen into disuse in English, and has been replaced by the term Middle East.


Premise: The "slap dance" probably mimics the movements of Samoans trying to rid themselves of what creatures?

Hypothesis: This is believed to have been derived from slapping insects on the body.


Premise: Where did the Chalukyas build most of their monuments?

Hypothesis: Most of its monuments are in the districts bordering the Tungabhadra River in central Karnataka.


Premise: How was the Everton FC's crest redesign received by fans?

Hypothesis: A protest petition reached over 22,000 signatures before the club offered an apology and announced a new crest would be created for the 2014–15 season with an emphasis on fan consultation.


Premise: Beyonce along with Jay Z met with whom's family after their death?

Hypothesis: Following the death of Freddie Gray, Beyoncé and Jay-Z, among other notable figures, met with his family.


Premise: What did Russian Empress Elizabeth use the proceeds of the tax on salt and alcohol for?

Hypothesis: Many middle and small powers in Europe, unlike in the previous wars, tried to steer clear away from the escalating conflict, even though they had interests in the conflict or with the belligerents, like Denmark-Norway.


Premise: According to Southern Living, what are the three best restaurants in Richmond?

Hypothesis: Also in 2014, Southern Living magazine named three Richmond restaurants – Comfort, Heritage and The Roosevelt – among its "100 Best Restaurants in the South", while Metzger Bar & Butchery made its "Best New Restaurants: 12 To Watch" list.


Premise: What do many indigenous cultures still practice to different extends to this day?

Hypothesis: Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees, including religion, social organization, and subsistence practices.


Premise: When did London see its highest population numbers?

Hypothesis: Its population peaked at 8,615,245 in 1939 immediately before the outbreak of the Second World War, but had declined to 7,192,091 at the 2001 Census.


Premise: Where was the pre-title scene in Spectre filmed?

Hypothesis: In addition to the principal cast, Alessandro Cremona was cast as Marco Sciarra, Stephanie Sigman was cast as Estrella, and Detlef Bothe was cast as a villain for scenes shot in Austria.


Premise: The Delhi Flying Club was established in what year?

Hypothesis: Since then, the club only carries out aircraft maintenance courses, and is used for helicopter rides to Indira Gandhi International Airport for VIP including the president and the prime minister.


Premise: By using silicon wafers, what is being avoided?

Hypothesis: LED companies shifting from using sapphire to silicon should be a minimal investment.


Premise: In what year did Ferguson publish An Essay on the History of Civil Society?

Hypothesis: Hume's essay Of the Original Contract argues that governments derived from consent are rarely seen, and civil government is grounded in a ruler's habitual authority and force.


Premise: Who placed Victoria into her coffin?

Hypothesis: One of Albert's dressing gowns was placed by her side, with a plaster cast of his hand, while a lock of John Brown's hair, along with a picture of him, was placed in her left hand concealed from the view of the family by a carefully positioned bunch of flowers.


Premise: Why is trophy hunting important to conservation in Africa?

Hypothesis: However, another study states that less than 3% of a trophy hunters' expenditures reach the local level, meaning that the economic incentive and benefit is "minimal, particularly when we consider the vast areas of land that hunting concessions occupy."


Premise: What historic trail does the Farmington Canal Trail follow?

Hypothesis: The scenic trail follows the path of the historic New Haven and Northampton Company and the Farmington Canal.


Premise: When did John Melody, the town crier of Southampton, pass away?

Hypothesis: The city has a Mayor and is one of the 16 cities and towns in England and Wales to have a ceremonial sheriff who acts as a deputy for the Mayor.


Premise: What season six American Idol contestant was known for his strange hairstyles?

Hypothesis: However, on April 18, Sanjaya was voted off.


Premise: What topic were Hayek's next two books going to cover?

Hypothesis: After editing a book on John Stuart Mill's letters he planned to publish two books on the liberal order, The Constitution of Liberty and "The Creative Powers of a Free Civilization" (eventually the title for the second chapter of The Constitution of Liberty).


Premise: Where is the newspaper Sudharma published?

Hypothesis: Sudharma, a daily newspaper in Sanskrit, has been published out of Mysore, India, since 1970, while Sanskrit Vartman Patram and Vishwasya Vrittantam started in Gujarat during the last five years.


Premise: On what day of the week does the city council meet?

Hypothesis: The city council meets at City Hall, located at 900 E. Broad St., 2nd Floor, on the second and fourth Mondays of every month, except August.


Premise: The earliest colloquial stratum can be traced to what?

Hypothesis: The earliest, colloquial stratum is traced to the Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE); the second colloquial one comes from the period of the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420 - 589 CE); the third stratum of pronunciations (typically literary ones) comes from the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE) and is based on the prestige dialect of Chang'an (modern day Xi'an), its capital.


Premise: Who was Saint George believed to be?

Hypothesis: The banner of the Christian soldiers in the First Crusade was a red cross on a white field, the St. George's Cross.


Premise: What is the lilangeni?

Hypothesis: Its GDP per capita of $9,714 means it is classified as a country with a lower-middle income.


Premise: When was the Unicode Standard first published?

Hypothesis: The last of the major versions (versions x.0) to be published in book form was Unicode 5.0 (ISBN 0-321-48091-0), but since Unicode 6.0 the full text of the standard is no longer being published in book form.


Premise: Who was credited with changes that occurred to the interior due to the war's effects ?

Hypothesis: The government also tried to implement a poorly considered Eight-Year plan.


Premise: What were the protesters on September 2 demonstrating against?

Hypothesis: On September 17, between 150,000 and 200,000 people marched in Lviv, demanding the legalization of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.


Premise: How many casualties did the Prussians suffer at Saarbrucken?

Hypothesis: While the French hailed the invasion as the first step towards the Rhineland and later Berlin, General Le Bœuf and Napoleon III were receiving alarming reports from foreign news sources of Prussian and Bavarian armies massing to the southeast in addition to the forces to the north and northeast.


Premise: What are the main arenas for Lucha Libre?

Hypothesis: Lucha libre is a Mexican style of wrestling, and is one of the more popular sports throughout the country.


Premise: What was challenged in 2012

Hypothesis: In 2015, the Florida Supreme Court ruled on appeal that the congressional districts had to be redrawn because of the legislature's violation of the Fair District Amendments to the state constitution passed in 2010; it accepted a new map in early December 2015.


Premise: What does it mean when someones sexualiity is fluid?

Hypothesis: but I'm one of those people who, if the right circumstance came along, would change my viewpoint".


Premise: When did Chaucer die?

Hypothesis: The publication of vernacular literature increased, with Dante (d. 1321), Petrarch (d. 1374) and Giovanni Boccaccio (d. 1375) in 14th-century Italy, Geoffrey Chaucer (d. 1400) and William Langland (d. c. 1386) in England, and François Villon (d. 1464) and Christine de Pizan (d. c. 1430) in France.


Premise: What was the name of the first ship to use Edison's lamp?

Hypothesis: In 1880, the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company steamer, Columbia, became the first application for Edison's incandescent electric lamps (it was also the first ship to execute use of a dynamo).


Premise: Who was forced to resign?

Hypothesis: The war ended on 26 October with Israel successfully repelling Egyptian and Syrian forces but having suffered over 2,500 soldiers killed in a war which collectively took 10–35,000 lives in just 20 days.


Premise: What form of attack was an effective measure of slowing Korean armor?

Hypothesis: Interdiction by ground attack aircraft was the only means of slowing the advancing Korean armor.


Premise: Which river serves as drainage for the southwest plain of the Congo?

Hypothesis: The southwest of the country is a coastal plain for which the primary drainage is the Kouilou-Niari River; the interior of the country consists of a central plateau between two basins to the south and north.


Premise: What natural process formed the land masses that would become the Samoan islands?

Hypothesis: The Saleaula lava fields situated on the central north coast of Savai'i are the result of the Mt Matavanu eruptions which left 50 km² (20 sq mi) of solidified lava.


Premise: In which recording studio did the Beatles do much of their recording?

Hypothesis: The city is home to the first and original Hard Rock Cafe and the Abbey Road Studios where The Beatles recorded many of their hits.


Premise: How does one become a Freemason?

Hypothesis: The onus is on candidates to ask to join; while candidates may be encouraged to ask, they are never invited.


Premise: Most computer monitors operate in what mode?

Hypothesis: Non-cinematic HDTV video recordings intended for broadcast are typically recorded either in 720p or 1080i format as determined by the broadcaster.


Premise: Who said "the outline of the life must be true: birth, maturity, renunciation, search, awakening and liberation, teaching, death."?

Hypothesis: In writing her biography of the Buddha, Karen Armstrong noted, "It is obviously difficult, therefore, to write a biography of the Buddha that meets modern criteria, because we have very little information that can be considered historically sound...


Premise: How do some camera designs give some EI choices?

Hypothesis: Some camera designs provide at least some EI choices by adjusting the sensor's signal gain in the digital realm.


Premise: In what year did the Battle of Auerstadt take place?

Hypothesis: At the Battle of Auerstadt in 1806, King Frederick William III of Prussia outnumbered the French by 63,000 to 27,000; however, when he mistakenly was told that Napoleon was in command, he ordered a hasty retreat that turned into a rout.


Premise: To travel from Biscayne Bay to Miami, in what direction would one move?

Hypothesis: Miami and its suburbs are located on a broad plain between the Florida Everglades to the west and Biscayne Bay to the east, which also extends from Florida Bay north to Lake Okeechobee.


Premise: What is the largest private foundation in the world?

Hypothesis: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (or the Gates Foundation, abbreviated as BMGF) is the largest private foundation in the world, founded by Bill and Melinda Gates.


Premise: In what year was the city in conflict with two nearby tribes?

Hypothesis: In 494 BC, the city was at war with two neighboring tribes.


Premise: What electric instrument is often seen in adult contemporary?

Hypothesis: Adult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set.


Premise: On what day is full costume worn?

Hypothesis: Carnival Tuesday hosts the main events.


Premise: What has some responsibility for offering variety in what we eat?

Hypothesis: Intraspecific diversity, the variety of alleles within a single species, also offers us choice in our diets.


Premise: How is graphics information read from a CD+ Graphics?

Hypothesis: The disc can be played on a regular audio CD player, but when played on a special CD+G player, it can output a graphics signal (typically, the CD+G player is hooked up to a television set or a computer monitor); these graphics are almost exclusively used to display lyrics on a television set for karaoke performers to sing along with.


Premise: What is the average score of Twilight Princess on Metacritic?

Hypothesis: GameTrailers in their review called it one of the greatest games ever created.


Premise: Who operates the Strasbourg tramway?

Hypothesis: City transportation in Strasbourg includes the futurist-looking Strasbourg tramway that opened in 1994 and is operated by the regional transit company Compagnie des Transports Strasbourgeois (CTS), consisting of 6 lines with a total length of 55.8 km (34.7 mi).


Premise: What delicacy is Iran famous for?

Hypothesis: Iranians usually eat plain yogurt with lunch and dinner; it is a staple of the diet in Iran.


Premise: Why is it difficult to now which chronic wounds are infected?

Hypothesis: Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization, it is difficult to know which chronic wounds are infected.


Premise: Which type of iPod car integration product is illegal in certain countries?

Hypothesis: Alternative connection methods include adapter kits (that use the cassette deck or the CD changer port), audio input jacks, and FM transmitters such as the iTrip—although personal FM transmitters are illegal in some countries.


Premise: What is androphilia used to describe?

Hypothesis: Androphilia and gynephilia are terms used in behavioral science to describe sexual orientation as an alternative to a gender binary conceptualization.


Premise: What war was being fought by France in 1953?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower stated prophetically that "this war would absorb our troops by divisions."


Premise: In what month and year was smoking banned in public places in Scotland?

Hypothesis: In March 2006, a law was introduced to forbid smoking in all enclosed public places in Scotland.


Premise: Who wrote the movie Stella in 1955?

Hypothesis: The 1950s and early 1960s are considered by many to be a golden age of Greek cinema.


Premise: What season is considered short in Charleston?

Hypothesis: Winter is short and mild, and is characterized by occasional rain.


Premise: How many people died in the April 9 attack?

Hypothesis: On April 7, 1989, Soviet troops and armored personnel carriers were sent to Tbilisi after more than 100,000 people protested in front of Communist Party headquarters with banners calling for Georgia to secede from the Soviet Union and for Abkhazia to be fully integrated into Georgia.


Premise: What were Octavian' s agent d'affaires called?

Hypothesis: Virgil came to know many of the other leading literary figures of the time, including Horace, in whose poetry he is often mentioned, and Varius Rufus, who later helped finish the Aeneid.


Premise: When did Eisenhower sign the law to create the Interstate Highway System?

Hypothesis: Noticing the improved ability to move logistics throughout the country, he thought an Interstate Highway System in the U.S. would not only be beneficial for military operations, but provide a measure of continued economic growth.


Premise: What does ORE stand for?

Hypothesis: US army general Hoyt Vandenberg, the CIG's second director, created the Office of Special Operations (OSO), as well as the Office of Reports and Estimates (ORE).


Premise: What is added to sentences to specify status or tone?

Hypothesis: A basic sentence follows the subject–verb–object pattern (i.e. a subject is followed by a verb then by an object), though this order is often violated because Hokkien dialects are topic-prominent.


Premise: The Romanesque style continued to affect and inspire  the basic architectural forms throughout which period?

Hypothesis: The important categories of building: the cathedral church, the parish church, the monastery, the castle, the palace, the great hall, the gatehouse, the civic building, had been established in the Romanesque period.


Premise: What two places did Taiwan not want to be considered equal with in the language of the torch's route description?

Hypothesis: The planned route originally included a stop in Taipei between Ho Chi Minh City and Hong Kong, but there was disagreement in Beijing and Taipei over language used to describe whether it was an international or a domestic part of the route.


Premise: When was Montini's first meeting addressing the unification of Catholic lay followers?

Hypothesis: Pius XII asked Archbishop Montini to Rome October 1957, where he gave the main presentation to the Second World Congress of Lay Apostolate.


Premise: What event brought many Irish immigrants to the United States?

Hypothesis: The Great Irish Famine brought a large influx of Irish immigrants.


Premise: What is the Arabic term meaning canon?

Hypothesis: Ancient Greek: κανών, Arabic Qanun / قانون, Hebrew kaneh / קנה, "straight"; a rule, code, standard, or measure; the root meaning in all these languages is "reed"


Premise: When did the Cincinnati Red Stockings come to be?

Hypothesis: The Cincinnati Red Stockings are the oldest professional baseball team, dating back to 1869.


Premise: What number is Bell's patent?

Hypothesis: Bell's patent 174,465, was issued to Bell on March 7, 1876, by the U.S. Patent Office.


Premise: What are the names of the two Achievement First charter schools located in New Haven?

Hypothesis: New Haven is also home to two Achievement First charter schools, Amistad Academy and Elm City College Prep, and to Common Ground, an environmental charter school.


Premise: What is the Samkhya name for consciousness?

Hypothesis: Jiva (a living being) is that state in which puruṣa is bonded to prakriti in some form.


Premise: What short poem spoke of Frédéric's popularity as a child?

Hypothesis: During this period, Fryderyk was sometimes invited to the Belweder Palace as playmate to the son of the ruler of Russian Poland, Grand Duke Constantine; he played the piano for the Duke and composed a march for him.


Premise: What is the cumulative GPA necessary for a student to be eligible for the New Haven Promise scholarship?

Hypothesis: Students must be enrolled in a public high school (charters included) for four years, be a resident of the city during that time, carry a 3.0 cumulative grade-point average, have a 90-percent attendance rate and perform 40 hours of service to the city.


Premise: How many Aborigines were said to be resident in squalid camps in Melbourne in January 1844?

Hypothesis: By January 1844, there were said to be 675 Aborigines resident in squalid camps in Melbourne.


Premise: How much of the Bronx speaks English at home?

Hypothesis: A Garifuna-speaking community from Honduras and Guatemala also makes the Bronx its home.


Premise: Who assisted in saving the people from starvation?

Hypothesis: In 2006, due to ongoing violence, over 50,000 people in the country's northwest were at risk of starvation but this was averted due to assistance from the United Nations.[citation needed]


Premise: Who created the Treaty of Versailles?

Hypothesis: The Big Four were leading architects of the Treaty of Versailles which was signed by Germany; the Treaty of St. Germain, with Austria; the Treaty of Neuilly, with Bulgaria; the Treaty of Trianon, with Hungary; and the Treaty of Sèvres, with the Ottoman Empire.


Premise: Which party has the least amount of members?

Hypothesis: The members are affiliated to the following political parties: Fine Gael (5 members), Fianna Fáil (10 members), Sinn Féin (8 members), Anti-Austerity Alliance (3 members), Workers' Party (1 member), Independents (4 members).


Premise: How much money was brought in by the Idol Gives Back special on season nine of American Idol?

Hypothesis: Idol Gives Back returned this season on April 21, 2010, and raised $45 million.


Premise: When did northern Nigeria ban slavery?

Hypothesis: Imbalances between North and South were expressed in Nigeria's political life as well.


Premise: In which year did England win the FIFA World Cup for the first and only time?

Hypothesis: England first appeared at the 1950 FIFA World Cup and have appeared in 14 FIFA World Cups, they are tied for sixth-best in terms of number of wins alongside France and Spain.


Premise: Who was the first European trader to see asphalt?

Hypothesis: However, it wasn't until 1787 that fur trader and explorer Alexander MacKenzie saw the Athabasca oil sands and said, "At about 24 miles from the fork (of the Athabasca and Clearwater Rivers) are some bituminous fountains into which a pole of 20 feet long may be inserted without the least resistance."


Premise: According to tradition, where did Virgil travel in 19 BC to revise the Aeneid?

Hypothesis: According to the tradition, Virgil traveled to Greece in about 19 BC to revise the Aeneid.


Premise: What amendment to the United States Constitution forbids cruel and unusual punishment?

Hypothesis: The Supreme Court has never ruled the death penalty to be per se unconstitutional.


Premise: How many contestants made it past the first round of auditions?

Hypothesis: In the audition rounds, 121 contestants were selected from around 10,000 who attended the auditions.


Premise: Where was the Stephen the Great Monument located?

Hypothesis: In the streets, the center of public manifestations was the Stephen the Great Monument in Chişinău, and the adjacent park harboring Aleea Clasicilor (The "Alee of the Classics [of the Literature]").


Premise: On what date did AF1 announce that it would be called the Arena Football League?

Hypothesis: The league announced plans for the upcoming season and details of its contract with NFL Network to broadcast AFL games in 2010.


Premise: What were gunki?

Hypothesis: Carl Steenstrup noted that 13th and 14th century warrior writings (gunki) "portrayed the bushi in their natural element, war, eulogizing such virtues as reckless bravery, fierce family pride, and selfless, at times senseless devotion of master and man".


Premise: When forming compound tenses in Spanish, what auxiliary is no longer used?

Hypothesis: Italian "avere" and "essere" as auxiliaries for forming compound tenses are used similarly to French "avoir" and "être".


Premise: What did Kim Il-Sung do after the peace overture was rejected?

Hypothesis: On 11 June, the North sent three diplomats to the South, as a peace overture that Rhee rejected.


Premise: What organization of oil producers was Libya a part of?

Hypothesis: In 1970, other OPEC states followed suit, leading to a global increase in the price of crude oil.


Premise: When was the metric system officially introduced?

Hypothesis: The official introduction of the metric system in September 1799 was unpopular in large sections of French society.


Premise: How did a lot of people donate using mobile phones?

Hypothesis: Many donated through text messaging on mobile phones to accounts set up by China Unicom and China Mobile


Premise: How are characters with diacritical marks represented?

Hypothesis: Characters with diacritical marks can generally be represented either as a single precomposed character or as a decomposed sequence of a base letter plus one or more non-spacing marks.


Premise: Who is Kerry's 2nd wife?

Hypothesis: Kerry and his second wife, Mozambican-born businesswoman and philanthropist Maria Teresa Thierstein Simões Ferreira (known as Teresa), the widow of Kerry's late Pennsylvania Republican Senate colleague Henry John Heinz III, were introduced to each other by Heinz at an Earth Day rally in 1990.


Premise: What does Polyphonic mean?

Hypothesis: Monophonic chant, also called plainsong or Gregorian chant, was the dominant form until about 1100.


Premise: What does xeer boggeyaal mean in English?

Hypothesis: The Xeer legal system also requires a certain amount of specialization of different functions within the legal framework.


Premise: How much did  philanthropic foundations donate between 1925 and 1940?

Hypothesis: The money went toward behavioral science research, which was supported by foundation officers who aimed to "improve mankind" under an informal, loosely defined human engineering effort.


Premise: What happened at the aviation school in May 1913?

Hypothesis: In May 1913 the world's first specialized Reconnaissance Training Program was started by the Aviation School and the first separate reconnaissance division was established.[citation needed]


Premise: What song did Kelly Clarkson perform during the finale?

Hypothesis: In what was to become a tradition, Clarkson performed the coronation song during the finale, and released the song immediately after the season ended.


Premise: During which months are portions of the US affected by the monsoon from the Gulf of California?

Hypothesis: The Great Basin and Columbia Plateau (the Intermontane Plateaus) are arid or semiarid regions that lie in the rain shadow of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada.


Premise: Which person has the most spoken dialogue in the game?

Hypothesis: There is very little voice acting in the game, as is the case in most Zelda titles to date.


Premise: What kind of progression did Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation propose?

Hypothesis: Vestiges had significant influence on public opinion, and the intense debate helped to pave the way for the acceptance of the more scientifically sophisticated Origin by moving evolutionary speculation into the mainstream.


Premise: With whom did Kublai Khan have a unique relationship with?

Hypothesis: Kublai instituted a unique relationship with the Phagpa lama, which recognized Kublai as a superior sovereign in political affairs and the Phagpa lama as the senior instructor to Kublai in religious affairs.


Premise: where was marshall jefferson based?

Hypothesis: In Chicago, Marshall Jefferson had formed the house group Ten City Byron Burke, Byron Stingily & Herb Lawson(from "intensity").


Premise: Popper described the growth of scientific understanding as what kind of process?

Hypothesis: In Popper's view, the advance of scientific knowledge is an evolutionary process characterised by his formula:


Premise: How many letters does the part numbering scheme begin with?

Hypothesis: With early devices this indicated the case type.


Premise: What other causes are there for inflammatory diarrhea?

Hypothesis: It can also be caused by tuberculosis, colon cancer, and enteritis.[citation needed]


Premise: What does Neptune's thermosphere containers traces of?

Hypothesis: The thermosphere contains traces of carbon dioxide and water, which may have been deposited from external sources such as meteorites and dust.


Premise: New Haven County makes up the outer limits of what major metropolitan area?

Hypothesis: It is located on New Haven Harbor on the northern shore of the Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut, which in turn comprises the outer limits of the New York metropolitan area.


Premise: Who runs El Tour de Tucson?

Hypothesis: El Tour de Tucson produced and promoted by Perimeter Bicycling has as many as 10,000 participants from all over the world, annually.


Premise: Who discovered bacteria?

Hypothesis: Bacteria were Leeuwenhoek's most remarkable microscopic discovery.


Premise: How many nations do the 25 foreign banks operating in Houston represent?

Hypothesis: Forty foreign governments maintain trade and commercial offices here and 23 active foreign chambers of commerce and trade associations.


Premise: How many people rode the New York City Subway in 2014?

Hypothesis: The New York City Subway is also the busiest metropolitan rail transit system in the Western Hemisphere, with 1.75 billion passengers rides in 2014, while Grand Central Terminal, also popularly referred to as "Grand Central Station", is the world's largest railway station by number of train platforms.


Premise: How many segments is 122nd Street divided into?

Hypothesis: 40°48′32″N 73°57′14″W / 40.8088°N 73.9540°


Premise: The website, thesundaytimes.co.uk, provides what kind of content?

Hypothesis: Since July 2010, News UK has required readers who do not subscribe to the print edition to pay £2 per week to read The Times and The Sunday Times online.


Premise: How many days of full sun does Tucson get each year?

Hypothesis: However, with over 300 days of full sun a year, Tucson has demonstrated its potential to be an ideal solar energy producer.


Premise: When did the Ann Arbor news end its print?

Hypothesis: Ann Arbor has been said to be the first significant city to lose its only daily paper.


Premise: How many states have banned bear wrestling as of 2006?

Hypothesis: Though they have not had the level of exposure as other wrestlers, bears have long been a part of professional wrestling.


Premise: In which year did forward passes become acceptable in Canadian football?

Hypothesis: The Canadian field width was one rule that was not based on American rules, as the Canadian game played in wider fields and stadiums that were not as narrow as the American stadiums.


Premise: What was Euro1080 hoping to kick-start by broadcasting HDTV channels?

Hypothesis: The HD1 channel was initially free-to-air and mainly comprised sporting, dramatic, musical and other cultural events broadcast with a multi-lingual soundtrack on a rolling schedule of 4 or 5 hours per day.


Premise: Where was Eisenhower when he suffered a stroke in 1957?

Hypothesis: As a consequence of his heart attack, Eisenhower developed a left ventricular aneurysm, which was in turn the cause of a mild stroke on November 25, 1957.


Premise: What does the tropical weather on the east side of Bolivia allow?

Hypothesis: It is celebrated in honor of the miners' patron saint, Vírgen de Socavon (the Virgin of the Tunnels).


Premise: Where did patent law originate?

Hypothesis: The first patent law in 1447 in Venice protected the rights of inventors to their inventions.


Premise: Mandarin and Huizhou dialects are spoken on the border where?

Hypothesis: Other varieties of Chinese are spoken as well, mostly along the borders; Mandarin and Huizhou dialects are spoken on the border with Anhui, while Min dialects are spoken on the border with Fujian.


Premise: Who, acting as registrar, informed North Korea that withdrawal was deliberately precluded by the original signatories of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights?

Hypothesis: When North Korea declared its intention to do this the Secretary-General of the United Nations, acting as registrar, said that original signatories of the ICCPR had not overlooked the possibility of explicitly providing for withdrawal, but rather had deliberately intended not to provide for it.


Premise: What is the cause of neuron loss due to stress?

Hypothesis: Stressful life experiences may be a cause of memory loss as a person ages.


Premise: What gives regulations imposed by federal agencies the right to enforce their regulations?

Hypothesis: Therefore, federal agencies are authorized to promulgate regulations.


Premise: What are some of the empires and dynasties that have also ruled over this land?

Hypothesis: The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism.


Premise: What can happen to vaginal flora?

Hypothesis: Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area.


Premise: What are mushairas?

Hypothesis: In the past, Qutb Shahi rulers and Nizams attracted artists, architects and men of letters from different parts of the world through patronage.


Premise: Can the avian flu be sread from wild birds to birds kept in husbandry?

Hypothesis: In general, avian influenza is a disease of birds caused by bird-specific influenza A virus that is not normally transferred to people; however, people in contact with live poultry are at the greatest risk of becoming infected with the virus and this is of particular concern in areas such as Southeast Asia, where the disease is endemic in the wild bird population and domestic poultry can become infected.


Premise: What are governments called that are created with the rule of law in mind?

Hypothesis: Lack of the rule of law can be found in both democracies and dictatorships, for example because of neglect or ignorance of the law, and the rule of law is more apt to decay if a government has insufficient corrective mechanisms for restoring it.


Premise: El Salvador was home to which indigenous peoples?

Hypothesis: Noted Meso-American indigenous warriors to rise militarily against the Spanish included Princes Atonal and Atlacatl of the Pipil people in central El Salvador and Princess Antu Silan Ulap of the Lenca people in eastern El Salvador, who saw the Spanish not as gods but as barbaric invaders.


Premise: When did Roald Amundsen reach the geographic south pole?

Hypothesis: An expedition led by Norwegian polar explorer Roald Amundsen from the ship Fram became the first to reach the geographic South Pole on 14 December 1911, using a route from the Bay of Whales and up the Axel Heiberg Glacier.


Premise: Where in France in 1835 was asphalt used to lay pavement?

Hypothesis: One of the earliest uses in France was the laying of about 24,000 square yards of Seyssel asphalt at the Place de la Concorde in 1835.


Premise: Where was the new Liverpool FC stadium located in 1879?

Hypothesis: Everton originally played in the southeast corner of Stanley Park, which was the site for the new Liverpool F.C. stadium, with the first official match taking place in 1879.


Premise: What was the formal name of 'swift boats'?

Hypothesis: During his tour on the guided missile frigate USS Gridley, Kerry requested duty in South Vietnam, listing as his first preference a position as the commander of a Fast Patrol Craft (PCF), also known as a "Swift boat."


Premise: How is the proportional nature of the Planck constant explained?

Hypothesis: Instead, it must be some multiple of a very small quantity, the "quantum of action", now called the Planck constant.


Premise: What are some of the traditional drinks of Mexico City?

Hypothesis: These are large well-established facilities offering most basic products, such as fresh produce and meat/poultry, dry goods, tortillerías, and many other services such as locksmiths, herbal medicine, hardware goods, sewing implements; and a multitude of stands offering freshly made, home-style cooking and drinks in the tradition of aguas frescas and atole.


Premise: What type of relationship harms both organisms?

Hypothesis: Synnecrosis is a rare type of symbiosis in which the interaction between species is detrimental to both organisms involved.


Premise: What is John Baker of LSU's profession?

Hypothesis: Some legal scholars, such as John Baker of LSU, theorize that Madison's initial proposed language—that Congress should make no law regarding the establishment of a "national religion"—was rejected by the House, in favor of the more general "religion" in an effort to appease the Anti-Federalists.


Premise: What is a requirement for being considered a member of Jehovah's Witnesses?

Hypothesis: Individuals undergoing baptism must affirm publicly that dedication and baptism identify them "as one of Jehovah's Witnesses in association with God's spirit-directed organization," though Witness publications say baptism symbolizes personal dedication to God and not "to a man, work or organization.


Premise: What numbers are used in Binary information coding?

Hypothesis: However, while the encoding is of a binary nature, the information is encoded as analog pulse width modulation with a 50% duty cycle, where the information is contained in the lengths and spacing of the pits.


Premise: What is a Catalan person called in the 15th century?

Hypothesis: It is attested a language name since at least 1652.


Premise: What is the Mayan writing system the only known pre-Columbian one to completely represent this?

Hypothesis: In total, the script has more than one thousand different glyphs although a few are variations of the same sign or meaning and many appear only rarely or are confined to particular localities.


Premise: When did Djibouti achieve independence?

Hypothesis: Djibouti finally gained its independence from France in 1977, and Hassan Gouled Aptidon, a Somali who had campaigned for a yes vote in the referendum of 1958, eventually wound up as Djibouti's first president (1977–1991).


Premise: Where is the Theotokos Paregoritissa Church located?

Hypothesis: The Church of the Holy Apostles in Thessaloniki was built in 1310–14.


Premise: Along with the Rockford Metros, what was the name of the other team that played in the test game?

Hypothesis: Sponsors were secured, and players and coaches from local colleges were recruited to volunteer to play for the teams, the Chicago Politicians and Rockford Metros, with the guarantee of a tryout should the league take off.


Premise: What did the brother of John Zahm construct at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: In 1882, Albert Zahm (John Zahm's brother) built an early wind tunnel used to compare lift to drag of aeronautical models.


Premise: What US heavy metal band is comprised of Armenians?

Hypothesis: Richard Hagopian is perhaps the most famous artist of the traditional "kef" style and the Vosbikian Band was notable in the 40s and 50s for developing their own style of "kef music" heavily influenced by the popular American Big Band Jazz of the time.


Premise: For how many years in a row has Melbourne held the top position in a survey of the world's most liveable cities?

Hypothesis: For five years in a row (as of 2015) it has held the top position in a survey by The Economist Intelligence Unit of the world's most liveable cities on the basis of a number of attributes which include its broad cultural offerings.


Premise: What became tourist destinations during the 19th century?

Hypothesis: The Great St Bernard Hospice, built in the 9th or 10th centuries, at the summit of the Great Saint Bernard Pass was shelter for travelers and place for pilgrims since its inception; by the 19th century it became a tourist attraction with notable visitors such as author Charles Dickens and mountaineer Edward Whymper.


Premise: What had Aleksei and Filaret been up to at the time of the protest?

Hypothesis: On October 25–28, 1990, Rukh held its second congress and declared that its principal goal was the "renewal of independent statehood for Ukraine".


Premise: what natural disaster is mention when Jesus died?

Hypothesis: Luke also follows Mark, though he describes the rebels as common criminals, one of whom defends Jesus, who in turn promises that he (Jesus) and the criminal will be together in paradise.


Premise: What Carnival takes place on Laetare Sunday?

Hypothesis: The town of Halle also celebrates on Laetare Sunday.


Premise: What do religions communities have to register with?

Hypothesis: Religious groups who do not have a physical structure are not allowed to gather publicly for prayer.


Premise: When were the styles of arts created?

Hypothesis: The most important aspect of beauty was therefore an inherent part of an object, rather than something applied superficially; and was based on universal, recognisable truths.


Premise: A team receiving a punt cannot decline a penalty on which down?

Hypothesis: One notable exception to this rule is if the kicking team on a 3rd down punt play is penalized before the kick occurs: the receiving team may not decline the penalty and take over on downs.


Premise: What is Pantheism?

Hypothesis: —but only as an addition to the Jewish view of a personal god, not in the original pantheistic sense that denies or limits persona to God.[citation needed]


Premise: Who wrote A History of British Birds?

Hypothesis: Thomas Bewick's A History of British Birds (Volume 1, 1797) mentions a report from "a very intelligent master of a vessel" who, "between the islands of Minorca and Majorca, saw great numbers of Swallows flying northward", and states the situation in Britain as follows:


Premise: Was there more than one racial class in the organized societies of the states of Myanmar?

Hypothesis: Like the Pagan Empire, Ava, Hanthawaddy and the Shan states were all multi-ethnic polities.


Premise: What year was the first feature film made in Guinea-Bissau?

Hypothesis: Gomes's Mortu Nega (Death Denied) (1988) was the first fiction film and the second feature film ever made in Guinea-Bissau.


Premise: Before the modern era, who mostly celebrated Kathmandu festivals?

Hypothesis: Traditionally, these festivals were celebrated by Newars.


Premise: What is the upper limit for LER of an incandescent lamp?

Hypothesis: An upper limit for incandescent lamp luminous efficacy (LER) is around 52 lumens per watt, the theoretical value emitted by tungsten at its melting point.


Premise: What religion was the majority in the northern part of Nigeria?

Hypothesis: Under Britain's policy of indirect rule and validation of Islamic tradition, the Crown did not encourage the operation of Christian missions in the northern, Islamic part of the country.


Premise: What words in Anglo-Norman Law French announce a granted assent?

Hypothesis: The granting of royal assent to a supply bill is indicated with the words "La Reyne remercie ses bons sujets, accepte leur benevolence, et ainsi le veult", translated as "The Queen thanks her good subjects, accepts their bounty, and wills it so."


Premise: What is the point of using different colors on a heat map?

Hypothesis: Additionally, the Blue Screen of Death has been updated with a simpler and modern design with less technical information displayed.


Premise: When can Min Nan texts be dated back to?

Hypothesis: Min Nan texts, all Hokkien, can be dated back to the 16th century.


Premise: These and other differences reflect the differing design goals of what?

Hypothesis: These and other differences reflect the differing design goals of the two buses: USB was designed for simplicity and low cost, while FireWire was designed for high performance, particularly in time-sensitive applications such as audio and video.


Premise: What were the Allied powers referred to before 1917?

Hypothesis: The First World War began in 1914 and lasted to the final Armistice in 1918.


Premise: What does memorization mean?

Hypothesis: Rote learning is the method most often used.


Premise: What types of areas are managed by the federal government as public lands?

Hypothesis: The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.


Premise: How much did Beyonce raise for Obama at the 40/40 Club?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé and Jay Z held a fundraiser at the latter's 40/40 Club in Manhattan for Obama's 2012 presidential campaign which raised $4 million.


Premise: What is the period during the mid-eighteenth century also remembered as?

Hypothesis: The Czech people gained widespread national pride during the mid-eighteenth century, inspired by the Age of Enlightenment a half-century earlier.


Premise: By what year did car ferries finish operating from Southampton, other than the one to the Isle of Wight?

Hypothesis: However, a number of these relocated to Portsmouth and by 1996, there were no longer any car ferries operating from Southampton with the exception of services to the Isle of Wight.


Premise: In the fall of 2014, which school did 11.7% of undergraduates enroll in?

Hypothesis: In the fall of 2014, among the six undergraduate schools, 40.6% of undergraduate students are enrolled in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, 21.3% in the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, 14.3% in the School of Communication, 11.7% in the Medill School of Journalism, 5.7% in the Bienen School of Music, and 6.4% in the School of Education and Social Policy.


Premise: Who was Zeus's sister?

Hypothesis: The principal gods of the ancient Greek religion were the Dodekatheon, or the Twelve Gods, who lived on the top of Mount Olympus.


Premise: Where was Herter's Heine memorial placed in 1899?

Hypothesis: (In 1999, it was moved to 161st Street and the Concourse.)


Premise: How long was Beyonce depressed?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé stated that she struggled to speak about her depression because Destiny's Child had just won their first Grammy Award and she feared no one would take her seriously.


Premise: What ties did the FBI believe civil rights leaders had?

Hypothesis: Among its targets was the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, a leading civil rights organization with clergy leadership.


Premise: In which city do Hidalgo's remains lie?

Hypothesis: Hidalgo is hailed as the Father of the Nation even though it was Agustin de Iturbide and not Hidalgo who achieved Mexican Independence in 1821.


Premise: Why are some glaciers stagnant in Alaska?

Hypothesis: There may be no motion in stagnant areas; for example, in parts of Alaska, trees can establish themselves on surface sediment deposits.


Premise: Which Royal haemophiliacs are said to have descended from Victoria?

Hypothesis: The presence of the disease in Victoria's descendants, but not in her ancestors, led to modern speculation that her true father was not the Duke of Kent but a haemophiliac.


Premise: What is another term for words created by Aavik?

Hypothesis: Many of the coinages that have been considered (often by Aavik himself) as words concocted ex nihilo could well have been influenced by foreign lexical items, for example words from Russian, German, French, Finnish, English and Swedish.


Premise: Who argued that European universities and Islamic madaris have very little in common?

Hypothesis: George Makdisi and others, however, argue that the European university has no parallel in the medieval Islamic world.


Premise: What is the name of the shipping company in Hawaii that connects Guam?

Hypothesis: It receives the weekly calls of the Hawaii-based shipping line Matson, Inc. whose container ships connect Guam with Honolulu, Hawaii, Los Angeles, California, Oakland, California and Seattle, Washington.


Premise: Where did Rolfe marry Pocahontas?

Hypothesis: Their son Thomas Rolfe was an ancestor to many descendants in First Families of Virginia.


Premise: What do they want to impliment in 2016?

Hypothesis: Public education in Tajikistan consists of 11 years of primary and secondary education but the government has plans to implement a 12-year system in 2016.


Premise: What did the government bring together ?

Hypothesis: The government has assembled a National Human Rights Commission that consists of 15 members from various backgrounds.


Premise: In what year did Bob Graham become Governor of Florida?

Hypothesis: Previous post-Furman mass clemencies took place in 1986 in New Mexico, when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty.


Premise: How many international organizations made donations?

Hypothesis: Saudi Arabia was the largest aid donor to China, providing close to €40,000,000 in financial assistance, and an additional €8,000,000 worth of relief materials.


Premise: The use of paid mercenaries and domestic retinues replaced which method of raising troops?

Hypothesis: It was in Valois France, under the heavy demands of the Hundred Years' War, that the armed forces gradually assumed a permanent nature.


Premise: What resulted from the Persian Revolt?

Hypothesis: The conquest of Media was a result of what is called the Persian Revolt.


Premise: Where does Bond go after his suspension?

Hypothesis: Bond asks her to investigate Oberhauser, who was presumed dead years earlier.


Premise: Who assumed control of the country after the coup d'etat?

Hypothesis: Former vice chief of staff, General Mamadu Ture Kuruma, assumed control of the country in the transitional period and started negotiations with opposition parties.


Premise: What type of naval ships did the South and North Koreans have?

Hypothesis: Although each navy consisted of only several small warships, the North and South Korean navies fought in the war as sea-borne artillery for their in-country armies.


Premise: Who is Gaddafi's brother-in-law?

Hypothesis: On 27 June, the ICC issued arrest warrants for Gaddafi, his son Saif al-Islam, and his brother-in-law Abdullah Senussi, head of state security, for charges concerning crimes against humanity.


Premise: What new technologies in particular were courted by Moltke?

Hypothesis: Moltke embraced new technology, particularly the railroad and telegraph, to coordinate and accelerate mobilisation of large forces.


Premise: The Empire had a Christian majority until what time?

Hypothesis: In the late 19th century, the non-Muslim population of the empire began to fall considerably, not only due to secession, but also because of migratory movements.


Premise: Universities that encompass several engineering schools provide curricula in sciences and what other field?

Hypothesis: They include :


Premise: What types of decisions would great powers reach?

Hypothesis: Other important criteria throughout history are that great powers should have enough influence to be included in discussions of political and diplomatic questions of the day, and have influence on the final outcome and resolution.


Premise: What law enables parents full control over their child's education?

Hypothesis: Since the 1988 Education Reform Act, parents have a right to choose which school their child should go to or whether to not send them to school at all and to home educate them instead.


Premise: What is the living wood in a tree called?

Hypothesis: Heartwood is often visually distinct from the living sapwood, and can be distinguished in a cross-section where the boundary will tend to follow the growth rings.


Premise: What is a staple food in Tibet?

Hypothesis: The dominant religion in Tibet is Tibetan Buddhism; in addition there is Bön, which is similar to Tibetan Buddhism, and there are also Tibetan Muslims and Christian minorities.


Premise: When was the second wave of progressive house?

Hypothesis: As of 2015, house music remains extremely popular in both clubs and in the mainstream pop scene while retaining a foothold on underground scenes across the globe.[citation needed]


Premise: During what period was the Paleozoic era?

Hypothesis: Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and at the end of a global ice age.


Premise: For seasons 7-13, the season finale was held where?

Hypothesis: In seasons seven through thirteen, the venue was at the Nokia Theatre, which holds an audience of over 7,000.


Premise: What are some dimensions of sexual orientation?

Hypothesis: Some researchers argue that women's sexual orientation depends less on their patterns of sexual arousal than men's and that other components of sexual orientation (like emotional attachment) must be taken into account when describing women's sexual orientations.


Premise: What is the first step in zinc metal production?

Hypothesis: Zinc metal is produced using extractive metallurgy.


Premise: According to Credit Suisse, what percentage of residents own their homes?

Hypothesis: Switzerland is a relatively easy place to do business, currently ranking 20th of 189 countries in the Ease of Doing Business Index.


Premise: What kind of money did Claridge  invest in attempting  to save his companies?

Hypothesis: The failure of Clarmac Roads Ltd had a flow-on effect to Claridge's Company, which was itself compulsorily wound up, ceasing operations in 1917, having invested a substantial amount of funds into the new venture, both at the outset, and in a subsequent attempt to save the Clarmac Company.


Premise: When is the Tucson Folk Festival held?

Hypothesis: For the past 25 years, the Tucson Folk Festival has taken place the first Saturday and Sunday of May in downtown Tucson's El Presidio Park.


Premise: What thought process was used in the beginning belief of the existence of vacuums?

Hypothesis: Although Lucretius argued for the existence of vacuum in the first century BC and Hero of Alexandria tried unsuccessfully to create an artificial vacuum in the first century AD, it was European scholars such as Roger Bacon, Blasius of Parma and Walter Burley in the 13th and 14th century who focused considerable attention on these issues.


Premise: In what year was the territory of Warmia incorporated?

Hypothesis: The former Polish Pomerelian lands beyond the Vistula River together with Malbork and Chełmno Land formed the Province of West Prussia with its capital at Marienwerder (Kwidzyn).


Premise: Why do the cellular hosts of some viruses not have to wait for transcription to synthesize their proteins?

Hypothesis: Some viruses store their entire genomes in the form of RNA, and contain no DNA at all.


Premise: What ancient civilization did Harold Innis use as an example of his theory?

Hypothesis: Canadian media scholar Harold Innis had the theory that people use different types of media to communicate and which one they choose to use will offer different possibilities for the shape and durability of society (Wark, McKenzie 1997).


Premise: When was the University Musical Society founded?

Hypothesis: Founded in 1879, the University Musical Society is an independent performing arts organization that presents over 60 events each year, bringing international artists in music, dance, and theater.


Premise: What year did remodeling of Buckingham House begin?

Hypothesis: Remodelling of the structure began in 1762.


Premise: Where does Huracan Valencia play?

Hypothesis: From the year 2011 there has been a third team in the city, Huracán Valencia, who play their games in Municipal de Manises, in the Segunda División B.


Premise: What  six were the top countries for investment in recent years?

Hypothesis: The top countries for investment in recent years were China, Germany, Spain, the United States, Italy, and Brazil.


Premise: Where do Salvadorans fall on the scale for Hispanic living in America?

Hypothesis: The largest immigration wave occurred as a result of the Salvadoran Civil War in the 1980s, in which 20–30% of El Salvador's population emigrated.


Premise: When was the Manchu Qing dynasty invasion?

Hypothesis: Sperling states that this is because "Tibet was ruled as such, within the empires of the Mongols and the Manchus" and also that "China's intervening Ming dynasty ... had no control over Tibet."


Premise: The Middle East, the Balkans and others are included in what republic?

Hypothesis: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey also does not use the term Near East.


Premise: Where were Quran copies kept for those who could not afford their own?

Hypothesis: Since it would have been too costly for most Muslims to purchase a manuscript, copies of the Quran were held in mosques in order to make them accessible to people.


Premise: What league are the Chicago Cubs in?

Hypothesis: The Cubs are also one of two active major league teams based in Chicago; the other is the Chicago White Sox, who are a member of the American League (AL) Central division.


Premise: What venue in Miami is notable for hosting outdoor music?

Hypothesis: Other performing arts venues in Miami include the Gusman Center for the Performing Arts, Coconut Grove Playhouse, Colony Theatre, Lincoln Theatre, New World Center, Actor's Playhouse at the Miracle Theatre, Jackie Gleason Theatre, Manuel Artime Theater, Ring Theatre, Playground Theatre, Wertheim Performing Arts Center, the Fair Expo Center and the Bayfront Park Amphitheater for outdoor music events.


Premise: When did the US begin to take census?

Hypothesis: In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States.


Premise: Over how many people lived in Uruk?

Hypothesis: During this period Uruk became the most urbanized city in the world, surpassing for the first time 50,000 inhabitants.


Premise: What types of employees do NPOs usually attract?

Hypothesis: Traditionally, the NPO has attracted mission-driven individuals who want to assist their chosen cause.


Premise: On what channel was Tom and Jerry sometimes shown in the mornings?

Hypothesis: The BBC stopped airing the famous cartoon duo in 2000.


Premise: As of 2004, how many kilometers of road existed in Nepal?

Hypothesis: In view of the hilly terrain, transportation takes place in Kathmandu are mainly by road and air.


Premise: Where does 155th Street start?

Hypothesis: 155th Street starts on the West Side at Riverside Drive, crossing Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue and St. Nicholas Avenue.


Premise: What is a trait of a sophisticated stepper motor?

Hypothesis: Simple stepper motor drivers entirely energize or entirely de-energize the field windings, leading the rotor to "cog" to a limited number of positions; more sophisticated drivers can proportionally control the power to the field windings, allowing the rotors to position between the cog points and thereby rotate extremely smoothly.


Premise: What is the material preference of collectors?

Hypothesis: Many collectors prefer to have heavyweight vinyl albums, which have been reported to have better sound than normal vinyl because of their higher tolerance against deformation caused by normal play.


Premise: What is a gramophone or 'vinyl' record?

Hypothesis: A gramophone record (phonograph record in American English) or vinyl record, commonly known as a "record", is an analogue sound storage medium in the form of a flat polyvinyl chloride (previously shellac) disc with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove.


Premise: Which specific mammal is the largest today?

Hypothesis: The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation.


Premise: What has to be compressed in order to perform properly?

Hypothesis: If the integers generated by quantization are 8 bits each, then the entire range of the analog signal is divided into 256 intervals and all the signal values within an interval are quantized to the same number.


Premise: What does going into heat (estrous) prepare a female dog for?

Hypothesis: Because the ova survive and are capable of being fertilized for a week after ovulation, it is possible for a female to mate with more than one male.


Premise: What football club is Arsenal's greatest rival?

Hypothesis: Arsenal's longest-running and deepest rivalry is with their nearest major neighbours, Tottenham Hotspur; matches between the two are referred to as North London derbies.


Premise: How many Colombians live in greater Boston?

Hypothesis: The city, especially the East Boston neighborhood, has a significant Hispanic community.


Premise: How many people were evacuated downstream?

Hypothesis: This operation was coupled with the work done by PLAAF Mi-17 helicopters bringing in PLA engineering corps, explosive specialists and other personnel to join 1,200 soldiers who arrived on site by foot.


Premise: Besides films and other non-static media, what type of media is classified into a group?

Hypothesis: NARA's holdings are classed into "record groups" reflecting the governmental department or agency from which they originated.


Premise: What was the Qing governments attempt to create a modern socity called?

Hypothesis: The government attempts to modernize during the Self-Strengthening Movement were initially successful, but yielded few lasting results because of the central government's lack of funds, lack of political will, and unwillingness to depart from tradition.


Premise: What is the Egyptian Arabic name for Egypt?

Hypothesis: ; Arabic: مِصر) is the Classical Quranic Arabic and modern official name of Egypt, while Maṣr (IPA: [mɑsˤɾ]; Egyptian Arabic: مَصر) is the local pronunciation in Egyptian Arabic.


Premise: When wasmost of the energy released during the initial eruption?

Hypothesis: According to a study by the China Earthquake Administration (CEA), the earthquake occurred along the Longmenshan fault, a thrust structure along the border of the Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate.


Premise: Whose plan for the East entailed killing, deporting, or enslaving the Slavs?

Hypothesis: The Nazi Hunger Plan and Generalplan Ost would have led to the starvation of 80 million people in the Soviet Union.


Premise: What did Virchow feel Darwin's conclusions lacked?

Hypothesis: One notable exception was the Berlin Society of Anthropology (1869) founded by Rudolph Virchow, known for his vituperative attacks on the evolutionists.


Premise: Which travel and tourism website's user activity has indicated that London is the number one travel destination?

Hypothesis: As of 2016 London is rated as the world top ranked city destination by TripAdvisor users.


Premise: Where created the first practical integrated circuits?

Hypothesis: The first practical ICs were invented by Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce at Fairchild Semiconductor.


Premise: When did the siege of Silistra end?

Hypothesis: The English and French forces at this time were unable to take the field for lack of equipment.:415


Premise: In what province did the Ostrogoths settle?

Hypothesis: In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans.


Premise: What tribe covered most of the republic of Macedonia?

Hypothesis: Illyrians on the coast of the Adriatic were under the effects and influence of Hellenisation and some tribes adopted Greek, becoming bilingual due to their proximity to the Greek colonies in Illyria.


Premise: What does cabin pressure control do?

Hypothesis: Special features include aerodynamic car and counterweights, and cabin pressure control to help passengers adapt smoothly to pressure changes.


Premise: What taps can provide lighting supply?

Hypothesis: Separate low-voltage transformer windings supply lighting and the motors driving auxiliary machinery.


Premise: What are the official languages of Telangana?

Hypothesis: This migration resulted in a mingling of North and South Indian languages, cultures and religions, which has since led to a co-existence of Hindu and Muslim traditions, for which the city has become noted.:viii A further consequence of this north–south mix is that both Telugu and Urdu are official languages of Telangana.


Premise: Who led the cavalry in the capture?

Hypothesis: As the Confederate cavalry retreated west, the Union soldiers followed, leading to the nearby Battle of Morrisville.


Premise: The Romans invaded what is now London and established its first major settlement in what year?

Hypothesis: The next, heavily planned, incarnation of Londinium prospered, and it superseded Colchester as the capital of the Roman province of Britannia in 100.


Premise: How many incorporated cities are in Oklahoma?

Hypothesis: Two of the fifty largest cities in the United States are located in Oklahoma, Oklahoma City and Tulsa, and 65 percent of Oklahomans live within their metropolitan areas, or spheres of economic and social influence defined by the United States Census Bureau as a metropolitan statistical area.


Premise: Who stated that Gaddafi was fond of children?

Hypothesis: She was told by Gaddafi's father that even as a child he had been "always serious, even taciturn", a trait he also exhibited in adulthood.


Premise: What does Hinayana mean in English?

Hypothesis: Hinayana (literally "lesser vehicle") is used by Mahayana followers to name the family of early philosophical schools and traditions from which contemporary Theravada emerged, but as this term is rooted in the Mahayana viewpoint and can be considered derogatory, a variety of other terms are increasingly used instead, including Śrāvakayāna, Nikaya Buddhism, early Buddhist schools, sectarian Buddhism, conservative Buddhism, mainstream Buddhism and non-Mahayana Buddhism.


Premise: What does the USB specification limit?

Hypothesis: In addition to limiting the total average power used by the device, the USB specification limits the inrush current (i.e., that used to charge decoupling and filter capacitors) when the device is first connected.


Premise: What was most likely Siddhārtha Gautama's father?

Hypothesis: It was either a small republic, in which case his father was an elected chieftain, or an oligarchy, in which case his father was an oligarch.


Premise: What was an early version of the fiddle called?

Hypothesis: Many of the instruments used to perform medieval music still exist, but in different forms.


Premise: When did Hayek start working on Abuse of Reason?

Hypothesis: In his philosophy of science, which has much in common with that of his good friend Karl Popper, Hayek was highly critical of what he termed scientism: a false understanding of the methods of science that has been mistakenly forced upon the social sciences, but that is contrary to the practices of genuine science.


Premise: In Hokkien dialects, the arrangent of words is important to what?

Hypothesis: A basic sentence follows the subject–verb–object pattern (i.e. a subject is followed by a verb then by an object), though this order is often violated because Hokkien dialects are topic-prominent.


Premise: What involves the deployment of three generations of renewable energy technologies dating back more than 100 years?

Hypothesis: Renewable energy commercialization involves the deployment of three generations of renewable energy technologies dating back more than 100 years.


Premise: Do Protestants celebrate Marian feasts or not?

Hypothesis: While the Catholic Church celebrates the Feast of the Assumption on August 15, some Eastern Catholics celebrate it as Dormition of the Theotokos, and may do so on August 28, if they follow the Julian calendar.


Premise: According to Hodgson, what people is mostly descended from Ethio-Somalis?

Hypothesis: The Ethio-Somali component is most closely related to the Maghrebi non-African genetic component, and is believed to have diverged from all other non-African ancestries at least 23,000 years ago.


Premise: What did Cara Cusumano say about piracy in 2014 that people want?

Hypothesis: Cara Cusumano, director of the Tribeca Film Festival, stated in April 2014: "Piracy is less about people not wanting to pay and more about just wanting the immediacy – people saying, 'I want to watch Spiderman right now' and downloading it".


Premise: What was the trade route between german and the soviet union?

Hypothesis: These and other supplies were being transported through Soviet and occupied Polish territories.


Premise: What Persian scholar noted the 10th century calculator similar to the Antikythera mechanism?

Hypothesis: It is a 37-gear mechanical computer which computed the motions of the Sun and Moon, including lunar and solar eclipses predicted on the basis of astronomical periods believed to have been learned from the Babylonians.


Premise: How many of the top twenty high school sin Australia are located in Mebourne according to the Better Education ranking?

Hypothesis: Of the top twenty high schools in Australia according to the Better Education ranking, six are located in Melbourne.


Premise: What law did Nasser view as the culmination of his revolutionary efforts?

Hypothesis: In September, the Agrarian Reform Law was put into effect.


Premise: What is the success rate for male Aeta hunters?

Hypothesis: Their rates are even better when they combine forces with men: mixed hunting groups have a full 41% success rate among the Aeta."


Premise: Along with Descartes, Machiavelli and Hume, what notable philosopher developed a theory of emotions?

Hypothesis: Aristotle believed that emotions were an essential component of virtue.


Premise: What are non-rock styles that post-punk used as inspiration?

Hypothesis: Author Matthew Bannister wrote that post-punk artists rejected the high cultural references of 1960s rock artists like the Beatles and Bob Dylan as well as paradigms that defined "rock as progressive, as art, as 'sterile' studio perfectionism ... by adopting an avant-garde aesthetic".


Premise: How many AA Sections were with the BEF in France during the same time?

Hypothesis: By December 1916 there were 183 AA Sections defending Britain (most with the 3-inch), 74 with the BEF in France and 10 in the Middle East.


Premise: Why did Gladstone resign?

Hypothesis: Gladstone attempted to pass a bill granting Ireland home rule, but to Victoria's glee it was defeated.


Premise: Germans do not liken the gods to whose countenance?

Hypothesis: Afterwards the car, the vestments, and, if you like to believe it, the divinity herself, are purified in a secret lake."


Premise: Evidence has shown some lay people got to proficiency in all eight what?

Hypothesis: The evidence of the early texts suggests that at the time of the Buddha, many male and female lay practitioners did practice meditation, some even to the point of proficiency in all eight jhānas (see the next section regarding these).[note 11]


Premise: What is excessive drug regulation said to suppress?

Hypothesis: A 2012 report by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology made several key recommendations to reduce regulatory burdens to new drug development, including 1) expanding the FDA's use of accelerated approval processes, 2) creating an expedited approval pathway for drugs intended for use in narrowly defined populations, and 3) undertaking pilot projects designed to evaluate the feasibility of a new, adaptive drug approval process.


Premise: From what city did Bell send his first message?

Hypothesis: The following night, he amazed guests as well as his family when a message was received at the Bell home from Brantford, four miles (six km) distant, along an improvised wire strung up along telegraph lines and fences, and laid through a tunnel.


Premise: who was a pioneer of the genre in america?

Hypothesis: The emergence of Todd Terry, a pioneer of the genre, was important in America.


Premise: What did Hutchinson's group research?

Hypothesis: Hutchinson and his graduate and postgraduate students were extremely productive, but in diverse areas of ecology rather than one focused area of research or the use of one set of research tools.


Premise: What was the population in South-West Africa in 1960?

Hypothesis: The 1960 census reported 526,004 persons in what was then South-West Africa, including 73,464 whites (14%).


Premise: What did this literature help with that was written in Cyrillic?

Hypothesis: This literature facilitated the conversion to Christianity of the Eastern Slavs and introduced them to rudimentary Greek philosophy, science, and historiography without the necessity of learning Greek (there were some merchants who did business with Greeks and likely had an understanding of contemporary business Greek).


Premise: Besides the number 6, which number makes of the ascender set in some traditional or classical fonts?

Hypothesis: The height of the minuscules varies, as some of them have parts higher or lower than the average, i.e. ascenders and descenders.


Premise: Who were the joint consulars considered to be an equal of politically?

Hypothesis: Consular political powers, when exercised conjointly with a consular colleague, were no different from those of the old king.


Premise: In what year did Universal's deal with Legendary Pictures begin?

Hypothesis: In July 2013, Universal made an agreement with Legendary Pictures to market, co-finance, and distribute Legendary's films for five years starting in 2014, the year that Legendary's similar agreement with Warner Bros. expires.


Premise: The 2013 ParkScore rating for NYC made NYC second in best park system to what other US city?

Hypothesis: ParkScore ranks urban park systems by a formula that analyzes median park size, park acres as percent of city area, the percent of city residents within a half-mile of a park, spending of park services per resident, and the number of playgrounds per 10,000 residents.


Premise: What nickname are residents of Mexico given that more reflects the Spanish influence of the city?

Hypothesis: For their part those living in Mexico City designate insultingly those who live elsewhere as living in la provincia ("the provinces", the periphery) and many proudly embrace the term chilango.


Premise: What pushes the age of angiosperm 5 million years further back?

Hypothesis: The earliest known macrofossil confidently identified as an angiosperm, Archaefructus liaoningensis, is dated to about 125 million years BP (the Cretaceous period), whereas pollen considered to be of angiosperm origin takes the fossil record back to about 130 million years BP.


Premise: What was the Interwar period marked by?

Hypothesis: One main institution that was meant to bring stability was the League of Nations, which was created after the First World War with the intention of maintaining world security and peace and encouraging economic growth between member countries.


Premise: What's the name of the famed warship built in Southampton for Henry V?

Hypothesis: Henry V's famous warship HMS Grace Dieu was built in Southampton.


Premise: What was the likely reason that Darwin's ideas were accepted more readily than Lamarck's?

Hypothesis: Scientific readers were already aware of arguments that species changed through processes that were subject to laws of nature, but the transmutational ideas of Lamarck and the vague "law of development" of Vestiges had not found scientific favour.


Premise: Which dictionary said police were 'a symbol of foreign oppression'?

Hypothesis: The word, and the concept of police itself, were "disliked as a symbol of foreign oppression" (according to Britannica 1911).


Premise: What does Whitehead call experiences that are progressively connected?

Hypothesis: By assuming that enduring objects are the most real and fundamental things in the universe, materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete (what Whitehead calls the "fallacy of misplaced concreteness").


Premise: When did the Ming first request Tsongkhapa to come to court?

Hypothesis: This first request by the Ming was made in 1407, but the Ming court sent another embassy in 1413, this one led by the eunuch Hou Xian (候顯; fl. 1403–1427), which was again refused by Tsongkhapa.


Premise: What is the name of a fine art institution on the campus of KU?

Hypothesis: The libraries of the University include the Watson Library, Spencer Research Library, and Anschutz Library, which commemorates the businessman Philip Anschutz, an alumnus of the University.


Premise: What happens to a majority of ingested uranium?

Hypothesis: Most ingested uranium is excreted during digestion.


Premise: What is the amount of the Washington University Student Union annual budget?

Hypothesis: Most are funded by the Washington University Student Union, which has a $2 million plus annual budget that is completely student-controlled and is one of the largest student government budgets in the country.


Premise: What traditional purpose are Tuvalu designs still used?

Hypothesis: The design of women's skirts (titi), tops (teuga saka), headbands, armbands, and wristbands, which continue to be used in performances of the traditional dance songs of Tuvalu, represents contemporary Tuvaluan art and design.


Premise: What type of language did Paul Vi's reforms approve for use in the Catholic mass?

Hypothesis: In 2007, Pope Benedict XVI clarified that the 1962 Mass of John XXIII and the 1970 Mass of Paul VI are two forms of the same Roman Rite, the first, which had never been "juridically abrogated", now being an "extraordinary form of the Roman Rite", while the other "obviously is and continues to be the normal Form – the Forma ordinaria – of the Eucharistic Liturgy".


Premise: In what year did the Indian government begin to stop recognizing madaris as schools?

Hypothesis: In July 2015, the state government of Maharashtra created a stir de-recognised madrasa education, receiving critisicm from several political parties with the NCP accusing the ruling BJP of creating Hindu-Muslim friction in the state, and Kamal Farooqui of the All India Muslim Personal Law Board saying it was "ill-designed"


Premise: What year did season ten of American Idol first air?

Hypothesis: Many changes were introduced this season, from the format to the personnel of the show.


Premise: Do LEGAT offices conduct unilateral operations in host countries?

Hypothesis: These overseas offices exist primarily for the purpose of coordination with foreign security services and do not usually conduct unilateral operations in the host countries.


Premise: How many housing units were built in the Bronx in 2002-2007?

Hypothesis: In 2006, The New York Times reported that "construction cranes have become the borough's new visual metaphor, replacing the window decals of the 1980s in which pictures of potted plants and drawn curtains were placed in the windows of abandoned buildings."


Premise: As technology increased what was the amount of bombs that could be dropped in 1937 per day?

Hypothesis: By 1938 experts generally expected that Germany would attempt to drop as much as 3,500 tonnes in the first 24 hours of war and average 700 tonnes a day for several weeks.


Premise: Her first appearance performing since giving birth was where?

Hypothesis: Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy.


Premise: What building was first used for classes at Washington University?

Hypothesis: Classes began on October 22, 1854, at the Benton School building.


Premise: Did the FBI investigate Martin Luther King Jr.?

Hypothesis: In his 1991 memoir, Washington Post journalist Carl Rowan asserted that the FBI had sent at least one anonymous letter to King encouraging him to commit suicide.


Premise: What is one of the leading international centers for biblical research?

Hypothesis: French Dominicans founded and administer the École Biblique et Archéologique française de Jérusalem founded in 1890 by Père Marie-Joseph Lagrange O.P. (1855–1938), one of the leading international centres for Biblical research.


Premise: Where did Victoria visit after Leopold advised her to make more public appearances?

Hypothesis: Her uncle Leopold wrote to her advising her to appear in public.


Premise: How did Gaddafi lose power?

Hypothesis: NATO intervened militarily on the side of the NTC, bringing about the government's downfall.


Premise: When carbon metabolism is called autotrophic?

Hypothesis: Energy metabolism of bacteria is either based on phototrophy, the use of light through photosynthesis, or based on chemotrophy, the use of chemical substances for energy, which are mostly oxidised at the expense of oxygen or alternative electron acceptors (aerobic/anaerobic respiration).


Premise: Who wrote the 'War Horse' book?

Hypothesis: Spielberg followed with War Horse, shot in England in the summer of 2010.


Premise: Why do the women drink through a straw?

Hypothesis: Men attend the balls, but they pay admittance and are not disguised.


Premise: What two people created a documentary on Chopin for Italian tv?

Hypothesis: The Women Behind The Music (2010), and in a 2010 documentary realised by Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda for Italian television.


Premise: Where does the Governing Body express its doctrinal position?

Hypothesis: The Society also teaches that members of the Governing Body are helped by the holy spirit to discern "deep truths", which are then considered by the entire Governing Body before it makes doctrinal decisions.


Premise: How far are Leibniz's universes situated apart?

Hypothesis: The example Leibniz uses involves two proposed universes situated in absolute space.


Premise: What is added to wood in order to preserve it?

Hypothesis: Zinc chloride is often added to lumber as a fire retardant and can be used as a wood preservative.


Premise: Which attorney did Schwarzenegger consult to handle his divorce?

Hypothesis: Schwarzenegger came under fire after the initial petition did not include spousal support and a reimbursement of attorney's fees.


Premise: What archipelago lies off the mainland?

Hypothesis: The Bijagos Archipelago lies off of the mainland.


Premise: When was the term kirishitan used by the Japanese?

Hypothesis: In Japan, the term kirishitan (written in Edo period documents 吉利支丹, 切支丹, and in modern Japanese histories as キリシタン), from Portuguese cristão, referred to Roman Catholics in the 16th and 17th centuries before the religion was banned by the Tokugawa shogunate.


Premise: What did LaserStacks software enable Mac users to do?

Hypothesis: Apple's HyperCard scripting language provided Macintosh computer users with a means to design databases of slides, animation, video and sounds from LaserDiscs and then to create interfaces for users to play specific content from the disc through software called LaserStacks.


Premise: In general, what is usually the alcohol content in most beer?

Hypothesis: Beer forms part of the culture of beer-drinking nations and is associated with social traditions such as beer festivals, as well as a rich pub culture involving activities like pub crawling, and pub games such as bar billiards.


Premise: How long did Yuri Gagarin orbit the earth in the spacecraft?

Hypothesis: On April 12, 1961, the USSR surprised the world again by launching Yuri Gagarin into a single orbit around the Earth in a craft they called Vostok 1.


Premise: When did the Pusasn railroad strike begin?

Hypothesis: On 23 September 1946, an 8,000-strong railroad worker strike began in Pusan.


Premise: Why did Victoria's family disapprove of Abdul Karim?

Hypothesis: Two days later on 23 June, she engaged two Indian Muslims as waiters, one of whom was Abdul Karim.


Premise: What is the English translation of Zelenyi Svit?

Hypothesis: On November 13, 1988, approximately 10,000 people attended an officially sanctioned meeting organized by the cultural heritage organization Spadschyna, the Kyiv University student club Hromada, and the environmental groups Zelenyi Svit ("Green World") and Noosfera, to focus on ecological issues.


Premise: What was the limit of its high speed memory?

Hypothesis: Built under the direction of John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the University of Pennsylvania, ENIAC's development and construction lasted from 1943 to full operation at the end of 1945.


Premise: How long had Caray been a St Louis Cardinals icon?

Hypothesis: Caray also had the benefit of being in the booth during the NL East title run in 1984, which was widely seen due to WGN's status as a cable-TV superstation.


Premise: Where was native copper extracted with primitive tools between 800 and 1600?

Hypothesis: Native copper is known to have been extracted from sites on Isle Royale with primitive stone tools between 800 and 1600.


Premise: What happened at the aviation school in May 1913?

Hypothesis: The Ottoman Empire started preparing its first pilots and planes, and with the founding of the Aviation School (Tayyare Mektebi) in Yeşilköy on 3 July 1912, the Empire began to tutor its own flight officers.


Premise: What did Qi Jiguang's private army do?

Hypothesis: Being a classically educated official, he took his blueprint for the Xiang Army from the Ming general Qi Jiguang, who, because of the weakness of regular Ming troops, had decided to form his own "private" army to repel raiding Japanese pirates in the mid-16th century.


Premise: Which event destroyed the former patronage and corporatism of France and allowed women to participate in society?

Hypothesis: While women were marginalized in the public culture of the Ancien Régime, the French Revolution destroyed the old cultural and economic restraints of patronage and corporatism (guilds), opening French society to female participation, particularly in the literary sphere.


Premise: How many Israelis live in urban areas?

Hypothesis: Exact figures are unknown, as many of them are living in the country illegally, but estimates run in the region of 203,000.


Premise: Who is the economist who said there was about $1.7 billion in lost opportunity costs because of the 2007 changes?

Hypothesis: Although it has been argued that clock shifts correlate with decreased economic efficiency, and that in 2000 the daylight-saving effect implied an estimated one-day loss of $31 billion on US stock exchanges, the estimated numbers depend on the methodology.


Premise: What three major tribes occupied these formerly British territories?

Hypothesis: Because many of the tribes had fought as allies of the British, the United States compelled tribal leaders to sign away lands in postwar treaties, and began dividing these lands for settlement.


Premise: What governmental entity oversees London's city-wide administrative tier?

Hypothesis: The administration of London is formed of two tiers—a city-wide, strategic tier and a local tier.


Premise: What man-made body of water was designed in part by George Washington?

Hypothesis: To facilitate the transfer of cargo from the flat-bottomed bateaux above the fall line to the ocean-faring ships below, George Washington helped design the James River and Kanawha Canal in the 18th century to bypass Richmond's rapids, with the intent of providing a water route across the Appalachians to the Kanawha River.


Premise: What damage was done at the alternate site?

Hypothesis: An attack on Havre de Grace was called off, and the fleet sailed on to Cherbourg; the weather being bad and provisions low, that too was abandoned, and the expedition returned having damaged French privateering and provided further strategic demonstration against the French coast.


Premise: The MoD owns or has rights of access to what percentage of the UK's total land?

Hypothesis: In total, this is about 1.8% of the UK land mass.


Premise: Zhongshan Road and Hanzhong cross each other in what area of Nanjing?

Hypothesis: The two roads cross in the city centre, Xinjiekou.


Premise: What is an example of a device that uses free space optic communications?

Hypothesis: This is especially useful in medical equipment where the signals from a low-voltage sensor circuit (usually battery-powered) in contact with a living organism must be electrically isolated from any possible electrical failure in a recording or monitoring device operating at potentially dangerous voltages.


Premise: What are Air Force Officer promotions overseen by?

Hypothesis: Air Force officer promotions are governed by the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980 and its companion Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act (ROPMA) for officers in the Air Force Reserve and the Air National Guard.


Premise: What are three international organizations that Portugal belongs to?

Hypothesis: Portugal is also known for having decriminalized the usage of all common drugs in 2001, the first country in the world to do so.


Premise: What did American bombers drop on Vietnam?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower did provide France with bombers and non-combat personnel.


Premise: How much alcohol was in The End of History beer?

Hypothesis: Each of these beers are made using the eisbock method of fractional freezing, in which a strong ale is partially frozen and the ice is repeatedly removed, until the desired strength is reached, a process that may class the product as spirits rather than beer.


Premise: Who commanded the defense of the Estonia to surrender?

Hypothesis: Only the Estonian Independent Signal Battalion showed resistance to Red Army and Communist militia "People's Self-Defence" units in front of the XXI Grammar School in Tallinn on 21 June.


Premise: When did the British Honduras become Belize?

Hypothesis: In 2001, El Salvador adopted the U.S. dollar as its currency, while Panama has used it for decades due to its ties to the Canal Zone.


Premise: On what date was Frédéric born on?

Hypothesis: However, the composer and his family used the birthdate 1 March,[n 2] which is now generally accepted as the correct date.


Premise: Which Estonian poet's works were printed from 1810 to 1820?

Hypothesis: The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published.


Premise: What has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949?

Hypothesis: A new delimitation of the federal territory has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949 and even before.


Premise: What part of the NC Constitution forbids atheists from holding public office?

Hypothesis: Article VI, Section 8 of the current NC Constitution forbids only atheists from holding public office.


Premise: What kind of database is XML?

Hypothesis: XML databases are mostly used in enterprise database management, where XML is being used as the machine-to-machine data interoperability standard.


Premise: When Israel was in its infancy as a state, there were cultural conflicts between which two groups?

Hypothesis: During the first decades of Israel as a state, strong cultural conflict occurred between Sephardic and Ashkenazi Jews (mainly east European Ashkenazim).


Premise: Which region manufactures textiles, heavy industrial products & high-tech electronic goods?

Hypothesis: The rest of Southeast Asia is still heavily dependent on agriculture, but Vietnam is notably making steady progress in developing its industrial sectors.


Premise: How many views did Grimm's last email get in the first four days after it was posted?

Hypothesis: Grimm's last email accused his employers of bullying by demanding that he should get grants worth at least £200,000 per year.


Premise: What type of Art fairs are held at Ann Arbor?

Hypothesis: Several annual events—many of them centered on performing and visual arts—draw visitors to Ann Arbor.


Premise: In what year did the Russian campaign take place?

Hypothesis: Unlike many generals, Napoleon did not examine history to ask what Hannibal or Alexander or anyone else did in a similar situation.


Premise: What is the common name for William of Ockham's principle of parsimony?

Hypothesis: Ockham introduced the principle of parsimony – or Occam's razor – whereby a simple theory is preferred to a more complex one, and speculation on unobservable phenomena is avoided.


Premise: What was the size  of the invading force?

Hypothesis: On July 5, 1779, 2,600 loyalists and British regulars under General William Tryon, governor of New York, landed in New Haven Harbor and raided the 3,500-person town.


Premise: What thus is the level of economic incentive and benefit?

Hypothesis: A scientific study in the journal, Biological Conservation, states that trophy hunting is of "major importance to conservation in Africa by creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas, including areas which may be unsuitable for alternative wildlife-based land uses such as photographic ecotourism."


Premise: What is lavash?

Hypothesis: Arguably the favorite food is khorovats an Armenian-styled barbecue.


Premise: What issue was Marvel asked to tackle for this agency?

Hypothesis: However, the industry's self-censorship board, the Comics Code Authority, refused to approve the story because of the presence of narcotics, deeming the context of the story irrelevant.


Premise: in 1880, how many dance halls were in Paris?

Hypothesis: Bal-musette is a style of French music and dance that first became popular in Paris in the 1870s and 1880s; by 1880 Paris had some 150 dance halls in the working-class neighbourhoods of the city.


Premise: What is Windows 8.1 with Bing?

Hypothesis: Unlike 8, 8.1 is available as "full version software" at both retail and online for download that does not require a previous version of Windows in order to be installed.


Premise: What is it called when a monarch has a share of executive powers?

Hypothesis: The prime minister is often, but not always, a member of parliament[clarification needed] and is expected with other ministers to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature.


Premise: Where is the Baltic Defence College located?

Hypothesis: Estonia co-operates with Latvia and Lithuania in several trilateral Baltic defence co-operation initiatives, including Baltic Battalion (BALTBAT), Baltic Naval Squadron (BALTRON), Baltic Air Surveillance Network (BALTNET) and joint military educational institutions such as the Baltic Defence College in Tartu.


Premise: When will the new line launch?

Hypothesis: The new division was created for Topshop to break into the activewear market, with an athletic, street wear brand being produced.


Premise: When was Nigeria's third satellite built?

Hypothesis: NigComSat-1, a Nigerian satellite built in 2004, was Nigeria's third satellite and Africa's first communication satellite.


Premise: In 1950 what player was successful for Real Madrid?

Hypothesis: In 2002, the European encounter between the clubs was dubbed the "Match of The Century" by Spanish media, and Madrid's win was watched by more than 500 million people.


Premise: What is the most used antihypertensive drug today?

Hypothesis: In the mid-1950s Karl H. Beyer, James M. Sprague, John E. Baer, and Frederick C. Novello of Merck and Co. discovered and developed chlorothiazide, which remains the most widely used antihypertensive drug today.


Premise: What 2 forms of mass is most of the universe consisted of?

Hypothesis: Hydrogen, as atomic H, is the most abundant chemical element in the universe, making up 75% of normal matter by mass and over 90% by number of atoms (most of the mass of the universe, however, is not in the form of chemical-element type matter, but rather is postulated to occur as yet-undetected forms of mass such as dark matter and dark energy).


Premise: What document was meant to resolve lingering issues of colonialism?

Hypothesis: Nasser mediated discussions between the pro-Western, pro-Soviet, and neutralist conference factions over the composition of the "Final Communique" addressing colonialism in Africa and Asia and the fostering of global peace amid the Cold War between the West and the Soviet Union.


Premise: What prompted the allegation of Greece's covering up its budget deficit?

Hypothesis: Greece was accused of trying to cover up the extent of its massive budget deficit in the wake of the global financial crisis.


Premise: What size are the arcades of Gothic cathedrals of the Iberian Peninsula?

Hypothesis: The distinctive characteristic of Gothic cathedrals of the Iberian Peninsula is their spatial complexity, with many areas of different shapes leading from each other.


Premise: Who was the father of Hisham?

Hypothesis: The final son of Abd al-Malik to become caliph was Hisham (724–43), whose long and eventful reign was above all marked by the curtailment of military expansion.


Premise: What percent of the state is Native American Indian?

Hypothesis: The largest European ancestry groups in Montana as of 2010 are: German (27.0 percent), Irish (14.8 percent), English (12.6 percent), Norwegian (10.9 percent), French (4.7 percent) and Italian (3.4 percent).


Premise: What discussion proved an example of the difficulty of explaining what foods were and were not included in the Goods and Services Tax?

Hypothesis: Pressure group activity and public opinion was relentless, which led Hewson to exempt food from the proposed GST − leading to questions surrounding the complexity of what food was and wasn't to be exempt from the GST.


Premise: What type ratings did securities first in line receive from rating agencies?

Hypothesis: Those securities first in line received investment-grade ratings from rating agencies.


Premise: Who felt that since atheists gave themselves no Supreme Authority and no law, they were more likely to disrupt society?

Hypothesis: Many others like Voltaire held that without belief in a God who punishes evil, the moral order of society was undermined.