Premise: Where did Chopin's father get a teaching position?

Hypothesis: In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace.


Premise: Which Prussian general commanded the attack against the French at St. Privat?

Hypothesis: At 18:15 the Prussian 2nd Guards Infantry Brigade, the last of the 1st Guards Infantry Division, was committed to the attack on St. Privat while Steinmetz committed the last of the reserves of the First Army across the Mance Ravine.


Premise: What kind of AFSC is a JAG?

Hypothesis: AFSCs range from officer specialties such as pilot, combat systems officer, missile launch officer, intelligence officer, aircraft maintenance officer, judge advocate general (JAG), medical doctor, nurse or other fields, to various enlisted specialties.


Premise: What is unique about the LaserDisc release of E.T.?

Hypothesis: An MCA release of Universal's Howard the Duck, sees only the start credits shown in widescreen before changing to 4:3 for the rest of the film.


Premise: True aspirated consonants are considered what?

Hypothesis: True aspirated voiced consonants, as opposed to murmured (breathy-voice) consonants such as the [bʱ], [dʱ], [ɡʱ] that are common in the languages of India, are extremely rare.


Premise: Who has to rely on nutrition experts when it comes to making decisions regarding food and nutritional values?

Hypothesis: Nutritionism is the view that excessive reliance on food science and the study of nutrition can lead to poor nutrition and to ill health.


Premise: When did Milans del Bosch surrender?

Hypothesis: On the night of 23 February 1981, shortly after Antonio Tejero had stormed Congress, the Captain General of the Third Military Region, Jaime Milans del Bosch, rose up in Valencia, put tanks on the streets, declared a state of emergency and tried to convince other senior military figures to support the coup.


Premise: To what party did Russell and Palmerston belong?

Hypothesis: Russell's ministry, though Whig, was not favoured by the Queen.


Premise: What parliamentary session did Elizabeth open in 1957 while on tour?

Hypothesis: On the same tour, she opened the 23rd Canadian Parliament, becoming the first monarch of Canada to open a parliamentary session.


Premise: Where did patent law originate?

Hypothesis: In agriculture, the increased usage of sheep with long-fibred wool allowed a stronger thread to be spun.


Premise: Who was riding in the carriage with Victoria when Oxford attempted to assasinate her?

Hypothesis: During Victoria's first pregnancy in 1840, in the first few months of the marriage, 18-year-old Edward Oxford attempted to assassinate her while she was riding in a carriage with Prince Albert on her way to visit her mother.


Premise: Who sold Buckingham house in 1761?

Hypothesis: Buckingham House was eventually sold by Buckingham's descendant, Sir Charles Sheffield, in 1761 to George III for £21,000.


Premise: How old was Joséphine de Beauharnais when she was married to Napoleon?

Hypothesis: Until she met Bonaparte, she had been known as "Rose", a name which he disliked.


Premise: Whose art influence Madonna?

Hypothesis: Influences also came to her from the art world, most notably through the works of Mexican artist Frida Kahlo.


Premise: What kind of grapes are made into vinegar?

Hypothesis: In North America, the most common grape juice is purple and made from Concord grapes, while white grape juice is commonly made from Niagara grapes, both of which are varieties of native American grapes, a different species from European wine grapes.


Premise: What kind of light is used to illuminate outdoor playing fields at night?

Hypothesis: The most common type of floodlights are metal halide and high pressure sodium lights.


Premise: In what type of network are most scientific research studies conducted in Portugal?

Hypothesis: Scientific and technological research activities in Portugal are mainly conducted within a network of R&D units belonging to public universities and state-managed autonomous research institutions like the INETI – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação and the INRB – Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos.


Premise: Where is Summerhaven?

Hypothesis: Near the top of Mt. Lemmon is the town of Summerhaven.


Premise: What was the initial US strategy in the War of 1812?

Hypothesis: By far the largest military action in which the United States engaged during this era was the War of 1812.


Premise: What is the significance of poultry in the lives of humans?

Hypothesis: Poultry (/ˌpoʊltriː/) are domesticated birds kept by humans for the eggs they produce, their meat, their feathers, or sometimes as pets.


Premise: What types of human knowledge did Hume say there are?

Hypothesis: To remember or to imagine such impressions is to have an "idea".


Premise: Edvard Grieg and Antonin Dvorak used what kind of music in their compositions?

Hypothesis: There was also a rise, especially toward the end of the era, of nationalism in music (echoing, in some cases, political sentiments of the time), as composers such as Edvard Grieg, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, and Antonín Dvořák echoed traditional music of their homelands in their compositions.


Premise: Which transportation vehicles were banned from entering New Delhi?

Hypothesis: On December 16, 2015, the Supreme Court of India mandated several restrictions on Delhi's transportation system to curb pollution.


Premise: When do police often use unmarked cars?

Hypothesis: Some police forces use unmarked or minimally marked cars for traffic law enforcement, since drivers slow down at the sight of marked police vehicles and unmarked vehicles make it easier for officers to catch speeders and traffic violators.


Premise: What position did Farrukhsiyar hold?

Hypothesis: In 1713 Farrukhsiyar, the Mughal emperor, appointed Asif Jah I to be Viceroy of the Deccan, with the title Nizam-ul-Mulk (Administrator of the Realm).


Premise: How far is to the neighboring capitol of San Jose de Mayo?

Hypothesis: The approximate distances to the neighbouring department capitals by road are, 90 kilometres (56 mi) to San Jose de Mayo (San Jose Department) and 46 kilometres (29 mi) to Canelones (Canelones Department).


Premise: What is the average length of years of life for canines with long lifespans?

Hypothesis: The longest-lived breeds, including Toy Poodles, Japanese Spitz, Border Terriers, and Tibetan Spaniels, have median longevities of 14 to 15 years.


Premise: What is the Boom Festival?

Hypothesis: Out of the summer season, Portugal has a large number of festivals, designed more to an urban audience, like Flowfest or Hip Hop Porto.


Premise: Sometimes clubs can do what if they feel that a punishment was too harsh?

Hypothesis: Some associations allow for appeals against player suspensions incurred on-field if clubs feel a referee was incorrect or unduly harsh.


Premise: What dairy product is produced in the valley of Emmental?

Hypothesis: Traditional Swiss cuisine uses ingredients similar to those in other European countries, as well as unique dairy products and cheeses such as Gruyère or Emmental, produced in the valleys of Gruyères and Emmental.


Premise: What are footwear and hats both considered?

Hypothesis: Articles carried rather than worn (such as purses), worn on a single part of the body and easily removed (scarves), worn purely for adornment (jewelry), or those that serve a function other than protection (eyeglasses), are normally considered accessories rather than clothing, as are footwear and hats.


Premise: What contribution to the scientific community have the Greeks left the world ?

Hypothesis: The University of Constantinople was Christian Europe's first secular institution of higher learning since no theological subjects were taught, and considering the original meaning of the world university as a corporation of students, the world’s first university as well.


Premise: Beyonce described what as the "hardest thing she had to endure"?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé appeared as Jay Z's girlfriend in the music video for the song, which would further fuel speculation of their relationship.


Premise: Who provides hunter education?

Hypothesis: Many hunting groups also participate in lobbying the federal government and state government.


Premise: What process what used to study the gathered fragments?

Hypothesis: He also collated the various editions of the Book of Mormon down to the present to see what sorts of changes have been made through time.


Premise: Where is the Romansh culture located?

Hypothesis: A region may be in some ways strongly culturally connected to the neighbouring country that shares its language, the country itself being rooted in western European culture.


Premise: What shifted attention away from the coverage regarding Bush's controvery regarding his required service?

Hypothesis: However, the focus quickly shifted to the conduct of CBS News after they aired a segment on 60 Minutes Wednesday introducing what became known as the Killian documents.


Premise: What is the Arabic term for Quranic exegesis?

Hypothesis: According to the Quran, Muhammad was the first person who described the meanings of verses for early Muslims.


Premise: What three divisions of power often found in government does the pope hold?

Hypothesis: The actual subject material of the canons is not just doctrinal or moral in nature, but all-encompassing of the human condition.


Premise: From where does Serbo-Croatian derive its grammar?

Hypothesis: Its grammar evolved from Common Slavic, with complex inflection, preserving seven grammatical cases in nouns, pronouns, and adjectives.


Premise: What percentage of all electricity usage in the U.S. and Canada is from residential lighting?

Hypothesis: An early goal of DST was to reduce evening usage of incandescent lighting, which used to be a primary use of electricity.


Premise: What is the name of an honor given to collegiate debate teams?

Hypothesis: Kansas also won the 1981–82 Copeland Award.


Premise: What movie block shows silent films?

Hypothesis: TCM Underground – which debuted in October 2006 – is a Friday late night block which focuses on cult films, the block was originally hosted by rocker/filmmaker Rob Zombie until December 2006 (though as of 2014[update], it is the only regular film presentation block on the channel that does not have a host).


Premise: Which provinces field teams in the Quebec Junior Football League?

Hypothesis: The Quebec Junior Football League includes teams from Ontario and Quebec who battle for the Manson Cup.


Premise: Some people say DST can help sufferers of depression because it encourages them to do what?

Hypothesis: DST may help in depression by causing individuals to rise earlier, but some argue the reverse.


Premise: What group organised guerrilla warfare against the Japanese in China?

Hypothesis: The Japanese found its aggression against the retreating and regrouping Chinese army was stalled by the mountainous terrain in southwestern China while the Communists organised widespread guerrilla and saboteur activities in northern and eastern China behind the Japanese front line.


Premise: How many people watched the Apollo 11 landing?

Hypothesis: The Space Age brought the first human spaceflight during the Vostok programme and reached its peak with the Apollo program which captured the imagination of much of the world's population.


Premise: What location was the focus of the Austrian leg of Spectre's production?

Hypothesis: Scenes filmed in Austria centred on the Ice Q Restaurant, standing in for the fictional Hoffler Klinik, a private medical clinic in the Austrian Alps.


Premise: What is a potential negative effect of using newer online channels of communication?

Hypothesis: An important aspect of communication is the channel used.


Premise: How many contestants had at least one million radio spins by 2010?

Hypothesis: Various American Idol alumni had success on various record charts around the world; in the U.S. they had achieved 345 number ones on the Billboard charts in its first ten years.


Premise: What sits on top or is flush with the sound table of the Mandolin?

Hypothesis: A hardwood fingerboard sits on top of or is flush with the sound table.


Premise: How compatible were DBX encoded recordings with prior technologies?

Hypothesis: The mid-1970s saw the introduction of dbx-encoded records, again for the audiophile niche market.


Premise: When did Tucson get the most rain in 24 hours?

Hypothesis: The most snow received in one year was 8.3 in (21 cm) and the most snow in one month was 6.8 in (17 cm) in December 1971.


Premise: What act was repulsive to Romans?

Hypothesis: After the Roman defeat at Cannae two Gauls and two Greeks were buried under the Forum Boarium, in a stone chamber "which had on a previous occasion [228 BC] also been polluted by human victims, a practice most repulsive to Roman feelings".


Premise: When did the Second Great Awakening lose momentum?

Hypothesis: It has been described as a reaction against skepticism, deism, and rationalism, although why those forces became pressing enough at the time to spark revivals is not fully understood.


Premise: What was encouraged through Infitah?

Hypothesis: In 1975, Sadat shifted Nasser's economic policies and sought to use his popularity to reduce government regulations and encourage foreign investment through his program of Infitah.


Premise: What type of climate was normal in the Ordovician period?

Hypothesis: The ice age was probably not as long-lasting as once thought; study of oxygen isotopes in fossil brachiopods shows that it was probably no longer than 0.5 to 1.5 million years.


Premise: Confrontational scavenging involves doing what to other predators?

Hypothesis: On the basis of the analysis of the skeletal remains of the consumed animals, he concluded that hominids and early humans were mostly scavengers, not hunters, and this idea is popular among some archaeologists and paleoanthropologists.


Premise: Who fired anti-defense rounds?

Hypothesis: On 14 October, the heaviest night attack to date saw 380 German bombers from Luftflotte 3 hit London.


Premise: What language has the most in common with the East Low Franconian dialect of Dutch?

Hypothesis: Closest relative is the mutual intelligible daughter language Afrikaans.


Premise: Who ruled Aksum and also governed the port of Adulis?

Hypothesis: Aksum was at the time ruled by Zoskales, who also governed the port of Adulis.


Premise: What does IRC stand for?

Hypothesis: Browsers which include additional components to support e-mail, Usenet news, and Internet Relay Chat (IRC), are sometimes referred to as "Internet suites" rather than merely "web browsers".


Premise: What type of naval ships did the South and North Koreans have?

Hypothesis: In addition to the invasion force, the North KPA had 114 fighters, 78 bombers, 105 T-34-85 tanks, and some 30,000 soldiers stationed in reserve in North Korea.


Premise: What Mennonite sect did Eisenhower's mother initially belong to?

Hypothesis: His mother, previously a member (with David) of the River Brethren sect of the Mennonites, joined the International Bible Students Association, later known as Jehovah's Witnesses.


Premise: Who began studying the rock formations of the Alps

Hypothesis: Important geological concepts were established as naturalists began studying the rock formations of the Alps in the 18th century.


Premise: From when are the  first impressions of the visually displayed language ?

Hypothesis: It is written in a script consisting of circular and semi-circular letters, which were adapted from the Mon script, which in turn was developed from a southern Indian script in the 5th century.


Premise: What is the alternative name that Government of Ireland uses instead of British Isles?

Hypothesis: The term British Isles is controversial in Ireland, where there are objections to its usage due to the association of the word British with Ireland.


Premise: What sleep aid was marketed in 1904?

Hypothesis: Phenobarbital was among the most widely used drugs for the treatment of epilepsy through the 1970s, and as of 2014, remains on the World Health Organizations list of essential medications.


Premise: In what year did airlines first start to accommodate the iPod?

Hypothesis: Originally KLM and Air France were reported to be part of the deal with Apple, but they later released statements explaining that they were only contemplating the possibility of incorporating such systems.


Premise: Which generation iPod was required to enjoy the new games available on iTunes 7?

Hypothesis: In September 2006, the iTunes Store began to offer additional games for purchase with the launch of iTunes 7, compatible with the fifth generation iPod with iPod software 1.2 or later.


Premise: What can also be provided by foreign aid?

Hypothesis: Other donors work on a more neutral basis, where multiple donors provide grants in countries accessible by all parties for various aims defined by the recipients.


Premise: How much land was held by the peasants?

Hypothesis: All land taken from Polish peasants since 1846 was to be returned without redemption payments.


Premise: Which government lost $422 million in potential tax money?

Hypothesis: Retailers have lost over a billion dollars, while piracy has resulted in 46,000 fewer production-level jobs and almost 25,000 retail jobs.


Premise: What school document had to meet the standards of the Board for admittance?

Hypothesis: The Guide's section on "Education" records the setting up in 1904 of the RIBA Board of Architectural Education, and the system by which any school which applied for recognition, whose syllabus was approved by the Board and whose examinations were conducted by an approved external examiner, and whose standard of attainment was guaranteed by periodical inspections by a "Visiting Board" from the BAE, could be placed on the list of "recognized schools" and its successful students could qualify for exemption from RIBA examinations.


Premise: Spoleto Festival USA is a counterpart to what Italian festival?

Hypothesis: Spoleto Festival USA, held annually in late spring, has become one of the world's major performing arts festivals.


Premise: How many dogs are estimated to be in the world?

Hypothesis: The global dog population is estimated at 525 million:225 based on a transparent methodology, as opposed to other estimates where the methodology has not been made available –


Premise: About how many people are members of the various parade groups?

Hypothesis: About 5,000 people are members of the parade groups.


Premise: What did both houses of Congress pass measures reaffirming their support for?

Hypothesis: In 2002, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God."


Premise: In what neighborhood is Miami City Hall located?

Hypothesis: The City of Miami is governed by Mayor Tomás Regalado and 5 City commissioners which oversee the five districts in the City.


Premise: Why did the ceromony of consecrating a bishop have to be preformed by someone who was already a bishop?

Hypothesis: To preserve apostolic succession the rite of consecrating him a bishop had to be performed by someone who was already a bishop.


Premise: What sequence of events happens when the power shuts off in a traction elevator and the elevators all stop?

Hypothesis: One by one, each car in the group will return to the lobby floor, open its doors and shut down.


Premise: How was Charles Brooks, Jr. executed?

Hypothesis: The first use of lethal injection was on December 7, 1982, when Charles Brooks, Jr., was executed in Texas.


Premise: What did powerful leaders of szlachta sought?

Hypothesis: Few szlachta were wealthy enough to be known as magnates (karmazyni—the "Crimsons", from the crimson colour of their boots).


Premise: How many start-ups are associated with the Rubicon Center?

Hypothesis: In CIT, The Rubicon Centre is a business innovation hub that is home to 57 knowledge based start-up companies.


Premise: What parts of native culture does the Viljandi Culture Academy highlight?

Hypothesis: The Estonian Academy of Arts (Estonian: Eesti Kunstiakadeemia, EKA) is providing higher education in art, design, architecture, media, art history and conservation while Viljandi Culture Academy of University of Tartu has an approach to popularise native culture through such curricula as native construction, native blacksmithing, native textile design, traditional handicraft and traditional music, but also jazz and church music.


Premise: How did Old Czech's use of cases differ from modern usage?

Hypothesis: The Czechs' language separated from other Slavic tongues into what would later be called Old Czech by the thirteenth century, a classification extending through the sixteenth century.


Premise: In what year did the practice of donning this item stop?

Hypothesis: Some cardinals will still have a galero made, even though it is not officially part of their apparel.[citation needed]


Premise: How far did the Arctic tern chick travel?

Hypothesis: The Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea has the longest-distance migration of any bird, and sees more daylight than any other, moving from its Arctic breeding grounds to the Antarctic non-breeding areas.


Premise: What city was Beyoncé's elementary school located in?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé attended St. Mary's Elementary School in Fredericksburg, Texas, where she enrolled in dance classes.


Premise: How many liters of water per minute did Shuman's engine pump in litres?

Hypothesis: Shuman’s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts (60–70 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent cotton fields.


Premise: What week was most popular to visit Lancashire's mill towns?

Hypothesis: The county contained several mill towns and the collieries of the Lancashire Coalfield.


Premise: When was the SNES released in Brazil?

Hypothesis: Both the NES and SNES were released in Brazil in 1993 by Playtronic, a joint venture between the toy company Estrela and consumer electronics company Gradiente.


Premise: What group was inspired by the Estudiantina Figaro?

Hypothesis: The mandolin's popularity in the United States was spurred by the success of a group of touring young European musicians known as the Estudiantina Figaro, or in the United States, simply the "Spanish Students.


Premise: What is the highest mountain in Switzerland?

Hypothesis: In the southeast the long Engadin Valley, encompassing the St. Moritz area in canton of Graubünden, is also well known; the highest peak in the neighbouring Bernina Alps is Piz Bernina (4,049 m or 13,284 ft).


Premise: What types of powers does the Philippines have?

Hypothesis: Over the years various modifications have been proposed to the Constitution of the Philippines, including possible transition to a federal system as part of a shift to a parliamentary system.


Premise: Which composer played at Buckingham on three occasions?

Hypothesis: Before Prince Albert's death, the palace was frequently the scene of musical entertainments, and the greatest contemporary musicians entertained at Buckingham Palace.


Premise: What englishman excavated pompeii?

Hypothesis: In France, the movement was propelled by a generation of French art students trained in Rome, and was influenced by the writings of Johann Joachim Winckelmann.


Premise: In what year did the Indian government begin to stop recognizing madaris as schools?

Hypothesis: ministry of the government of India has recently[when?] declared that a Central Madrasa Board would be set up.


Premise: In what years did the Greeks conduct extra censuses?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, the Greek Cypriots conducted one in 1973, without the Turkish Cypriot populace.


Premise: What to Galician's call themselves in their language?

Hypothesis: For well over a century Galicia has grown more slowly than the rest of Spain, due largely to emigration to Latin America and to other parts of Spain.


Premise: What groups invaded and damaged the Mughals?

Hypothesis: The remnants of the Mughal dynasty were finally defeated during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also called the 1857 War of Independence, and the remains of the empire were formally taken over by the British while the Government of India Act 1858 let the British Crown assume direct control of India in the form of the new British Raj.


Premise: What disease was contracted by the Prince of Wales that nearly ended his life?

Hypothesis: As the tenth anniversary of her husband's death approached, her son's condition grew no better, and Victoria's distress continued.


Premise: In what year did Northwestern University began teaching?

Hypothesis: In 2008, the university opened a campus in Education City, Doha, Qatar with programs in journalism and communication.


Premise: What des Jem struggle to understand?

Hypothesis: Lee seems to examine Jem's sense of loss about how his neighbors have disappointed him more than Scout's.


Premise: The central task for psychologists, sociologists, and anthropologists is to describe what topics?

Hypothesis: The description or representation of individual and group identity is a central task for psychologists, sociologists and anthropologists and those of other disciplines where "identity" needs to be mapped and defined.


Premise: After each country adopted the calendar how did the weekly cycle continue?

Hypothesis: Calculating the day of the week is not very simple, because of the irregularities in the Gregorian system.


Premise: What did their findings show?

Hypothesis: In the days following the disaster, an international reconnaissance team of engineers was dispatched to the region to make a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings.


Premise: Rove beetle Stenus emit what type of gland secretions?

Hypothesis: Other insects such as the Rove beetle Stenus are known to emit pygidial gland secretions that reduce surface tension making it possible for them to move on the surface of water by Marangoni propulsion (also known by the German term Entspannungsschwimmen).


Premise: When did the pope bid farewell?

Hypothesis: "At 11 am Petrus Canisius Van Lierde as Papal Sacristan was at the bedside of the dying pope, ready to anoint him.


Premise: What year did the initial incarnation of The Times start?

Hypothesis: The Times and The Sunday Times do not share editorial staff, were founded independently and have only had common ownership since 1967.


Premise: Who was the Liberal Party of Australia's longest-serving leader?

Hypothesis: However, from its foundation the party has identified itself as anti-socialist.


Premise: How many millions of tonnes are uranium are regarded as mineral resources?

Hypothesis: The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency said exploration figures for 2007 would likely match those for 2006.


Premise: Who designed RIBA's headquarters?

Hypothesis: RIBA is based at 66 Portland Place, London—a 1930s Grade II


Premise: What was the lockout chip number for Asia?

Hypothesis: Tinkerers at home in later years discovered that disassembling the NES and cutting the fourth pin of the lockout chip would change the chip’s mode of operation from "lock" to "key", removing all effects and greatly improving the console’s ability to play legal games, as well as bootlegs and converted imports.


Premise: What is the split in the State House of Representatives?

Hypothesis: The state Senate is, as of 2015, controlled by the Republicans 29 to 21, and the State House of Representatives at 59 to 41.


Premise: Vibrations are used to communicate with members of the same species, and what other species?

Hypothesis: Vibrations can also be used to communicate between entirely different species; lycaenid (gossamer-winged butterfly) caterpillars which are myrmecophilous (living in a mutualistic association with ants) communicate with ants in this way.


Premise: What percentage of the defence estate is taken up by airfields?

Hypothesis: These are largely managed by the Defence Infrastructure Organisation.


Premise: When did the Democrats take the city?

Hypothesis: Roosevelt carried Philadelphia with over 60% of the vote in 1936.


Premise: Who built the first Colossus in 1943?

Hypothesis: He spent eleven months from early February 1943 designing and building the first Colossus.


Premise: Along with fatty acids, what kind of acids are in the extractives in wood?

Hypothesis: The wood extractives are fatty acids, resin acids, waxes and terpenes.


Premise: What was oral music subject to every time is was transmitted?

Hypothesis: This invention made possible the separation of the composition of a piece of music from its transmission; without written music, transmission was oral, and subject to change every time it was transmitted.


Premise: What type of title could be passed down?

Hypothesis: A different distribution of the remainder could be specified in a will, but it is unclear how common this was.


Premise: How much of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen until June 2009?

Hypothesis: This meant that nearly one-third of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen and continued to be frozen into June 2009.


Premise: What year did Hudson first present his two-hour daylight saving theory to the Wellington Philosophical Society?

Hypothesis: In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society proposing a two-hour daylight-saving shift, and after considerable interest was expressed in Christchurch, he followed up in an 1898 paper.


Premise: How does Alaska compare with other states in church membership?

Hypothesis: Alaska has been identified, along with Pacific Northwest states Washington and Oregon, as being the least religious states of the USA, in terms of church membership.


Premise: What is the most prevalent uranium ore?

Hypothesis: Significant concentrations of uranium occur in some substances such as phosphate rock deposits, and minerals such as lignite, and monazite sands in uranium-rich ores (it is recovered commercially from sources with as little as 0.1% uranium).


Premise: What does the study say in regards to boycotts?

Hypothesis: However, others have raised concerns that boycotting products manufactured through child labour may force these children to turn to more dangerous or strenuous professions, such as prostitution or agriculture.


Premise: How do dogs establish their territory as far as scent is concerned?

Hypothesis: While dog training as an organized activity can be traced back to the 18th century, in the last decades of the 20th century it became a high profile issue as many normal dog behaviors such as barking, jumping up, digging, rolling in dung, fighting, and urine marking (which dogs do to establish territory through scent), became increasingly incompatible with the new role of a pet dog.


Premise: Where is 1520 Sedgwick?

Hypothesis: The New York Times has identified 1520 Sedgwick Avenue "an otherwise unremarkable high-rise just north of the Cross Bronx Expressway and hard along the Major Deegan Expressway" as a starting point, where DJ Kool Herc presided over parties in the community room.


Premise: What is the main regional train and coach terminus in Melbourne?

Hypothesis: The main metropolitan train terminus is Flinders Street Station, and the main regional train and coach terminus is Southern Cross Station.


Premise: Precursors of what subset of Scythian are theorized to have existed?

Hypothesis: It is possible that other distinct dialect groups were already in existence during this period.


Premise: Who lead the US Navy's invasion of Japan?

Hypothesis: Prior to that only a few harbor towns, under strict control from the Shogunate, were allowed to participate in Western trade, and even then, it was based largely on the idea of playing the Franciscans and Dominicans off against one another (in exchange for the crucial arquebus technology, which in turn was a major contributor to the downfall of the classical samurai).


Premise: Name the other type of adaptive immune system component?

Hypothesis: The immune system has been divided into a more primitive innate immune system and, in vertebrates, an acquired or adaptive immune system.


Premise: What version of firmware update gave the PlayStation 3 its 3D capability?

Hypothesis: In December 2008, the CTO of Blitz Games announced that it would bring stereoscopic 3D gaming and movie viewing to Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 with its own technology.


Premise: What year did Pop Idol make its television debut?

Hypothesis: The show debuted in 2001 in Britain with Lythgoe as showrunner—the executive producer and production


Premise: How much video can a CD-R contain?

Hypothesis: It is usually difficult to fit much more than 100 minutes of video onto one SVCD without incurring significant quality loss, and many hardware players are unable to play video with an instantaneous bit rate lower than 300 to 600 kilobits per second.


Premise: What type of orchids used to be pleantiful

Hypothesis: Agriculture and food and drink production continue to be major industries in the county, employing over 15,000 people.


Premise: How many seasons was Mariah Carey a judge on American Idol?

Hypothesis: Towards the end of the season, Randy Jackson, the last remaining of the original judges, announced that he would no longer serve as a judge to pursue other business ventures.


Premise: What was Sparta's afilliation in the Peloponnese?

Hypothesis: Sparta's bid for supremacy was crushed at the Battle of Sellasia (222) by the Achaean league and Macedon, who restored the power of the ephors.


Premise: The water pump supplied water pressure to a plunger located where?

Hypothesis: Counterweights and balances were also used to increase the lifting power of the apparatus.


Premise: What languages were Von Neumann and his siblings taught?

Hypothesis: Max believed that knowledge of languages other than Hungarian was essential, so the children were tutored in English, French, German and Italian.


Premise: What was the population of China in 2 AD?

Hypothesis: Han was eventually victorious and established the Protectorate of the Western Regions in 60 BC, which dealt with the region's defense and foreign affairs.


Premise: Whos is honored in the Italian Summer Feasts?

Hypothesis: They include the week-long Harborfest festivities and a Boston Pops concert accompanied by fireworks on the banks of the Charles River.


Premise: Which transit lines out of Union Station are ranked as the busiest routes in the U.S.?

Hypothesis: Union Station is further served by four Amtrak lines: the Northeast Regional and the high-speed Acela Express provide service to New York, Washington, D.C. and Boston, and rank as the first and second busiest routes in the country; the New Haven–Springfield Line provides service to Hartford and Springfield, Massachusetts; and the Vermonter provides service to both Washington, D.C., and Vermont, 15 miles (24 km) from the Canadian border.


Premise: In what year did the city cease to own WNYC?

Hypothesis: The oldest public-access television channel in the United States is the Manhattan Neighborhood Network, founded in 1971.


Premise: IBM runs what website for software developers?

Hypothesis: DeveloperWorks is a website run by IBM for software developers and IT professionals.


Premise: The first post- reconstruction era republican elected to florida

Hypothesis: In 1968 Edward J. Gurney, also a white conservative, was elected as the state's first post-reconstruction Republican US Senator.


Premise: Does the Government of Ireland use the British Isle term?

Hypothesis: The term British Isles is controversial in Ireland, where there are objections to its usage due to the association of the word British with Ireland.


Premise: What can visitors do at the Taste of Santa Monica?

Hypothesis: The swanky Shutters on the Beach Hotel offers a trip to the famous Santa Monica Farmers Market to select and influence the materials that will become that evening's special "Market Dinner."


Premise: What was Peter Stuyvesant's title?

Hypothesis: The English promptly renamed the fledgling city "New York" after the Duke of York (later King James II).


Premise: What grants all indigenous languages spoken in Mexico validity?

Hypothesis: The "General Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Peoples" grants all indigenous languages spoken in Mexico, regardless of the number of speakers, the same validity as Spanish in all territories in which they are spoken, and indigenous peoples are entitled to request some public services and documents in their native languages.


Premise: Where are these types of school spreading across?

Hypothesis: The polarisation was due to disputes around whether the schools are affordable for the poor, reach disadvantaged groups, provide quality education, support or undermine equality, and are financially sustainable.


Premise: How large did the British Empire become by the beginning of the 20th century?

Hypothesis: A century later it would cover one third of the globe.


Premise: What do external portable USB hard drive disks offer?

Hypothesis: , several manufacturers offer external portable USB hard disk drives, or empty enclosures for disk drives.


Premise: What historical period gave the Dominican Order a challenge?

Hypothesis: It struggled against pagan tendencies in Renaissance humanism, in Italy through Dominici and Savonarola, in Germany through the theologians of Cologne but it also furnished humanism with such advanced writers as Francesco Colonna (probably the writer of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili) and Matteo Bandello.


Premise: What name describes the Estonian Song Festivals?

Hypothesis: The tradition of Estonian Song Festivals (Laulupidu) started at the height of the Estonian national awakening in 1869.


Premise: What is the Code Civil frequently referred to as now?

Hypothesis: Napoleon's set of civil laws, the Code Civil—now often known as the Napoleonic Code—was prepared by committees of legal experts under the supervision of Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès, the Second Consul.


Premise: When did the Antarctic peninsula form?

Hypothesis: In West Antarctica, coniferous forests dominated through the entire Cretaceous period (146–66 Ma), though southern beech became more prominent towards the end of this period.


Premise: In what year did Emperor Wu of Han's reign end?

Hypothesis: Emperor Wu of Han (r. 141–87 BC) launched several military campaigns against them.


Premise: When did Suriname officially become independent from the Netherlands?

Hypothesis: Suriname gained its independence from the Netherlands in 1975 and has been an associate member of the Dutch Language Union since 2004.


Premise: Why was the Unicode 2.0 codespace increased?

Hypothesis: In 1996, a surrogate character mechanism was implemented in Unicode 2.0, so that Unicode was no longer restricted to 16 bits.


Premise: What did Kant portray space and time to be?

Hypothesis: Immanuel Kant, in the Critique of Pure Reason, described time as an a priori intuition that allows us (together with the other a priori intuition, space) to comprehend sense experience.


Premise: When was independence declared?

Hypothesis: Independence was unilaterally declared on 24 September 1973.


Premise: How large was the displacement?

Hypothesis: In a United States Geological Survey (USGS) study, preliminary rupture models of the earthquake indicated displacement of up to 9 meters along a fault approximately 240 km long by 20 km deep.


Premise: When was Southport added?

Hypothesis: The county boroughs also had many boundary extensions.


Premise: What was the first year of the Berlin International Film Festival?

Hypothesis: The Berlin International Film Festival, held yearly since 1951, is one of the world's foremost film and cinema festivals.


Premise: Over how many years did the change to national standards undertaken at Notre Dame in the early 20th century take place?

Hypothesis: In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis.


Premise: What makes Windows Store apps unique?

Hypothesis: Windows 8 introduces a new style of application, Windows Store apps.


Premise: When did Jiji Manga debut?

Hypothesis: New publications in both the Western and Japanese styles became popular, and at the end of the 1890s, American-style newspaper comics supplements began to appear in Japan, as well as some American comic strips.


Premise: When did the B-2A aircraft enter into service of the US Air Force?

Hypothesis: The B-21 is projected to replace the B-52 and parts of the B-1B force by the mid-2020s.


Premise: When did the FBI abandon Carnivore?

Hypothesis: The Associated Press reported in mid-January 2005 that the FBI essentially abandoned the use of Carnivore in 2001, in favor of commercially available software, such as NarusInsight.


Premise: Who is the market strategist that believes distinctions exist between the current crisis and the Great Depression?

Hypothesis: Market strategist Phil Dow believes distinctions exist "between the current market malaise" and the Great Depression.


Premise: How do both Jesus and King Carnival make a gift to the people?

Hypothesis: Both Jesus and King Carnival may be seen as expiatory figures who make a gift to the people with their deaths.


Premise: What is the Ferro Factory known for producing?

Hypothesis: 45% of the world's Tic Tac sweets are manufactured at the city's Ferrero factory.


Premise: Who did Darwin assist in researching marine invertebrates?

Hypothesis: In his second year he neglected his medical studies for natural history and spent four months assisting Robert Grant's research into marine invertebrates.


Premise: How many years has Elizabeth been Queen?

Hypothesis: I hope also that this Jubilee year will be a time to give thanks for the great advances that have been made since 1952 and to look forward to the future with clear head and warm heart".


Premise: If your computer runs Vista, what's the maximum number of start and end rules you can have for each time zone setting?

Hypothesis: Windows Vista supports at most two start and end rules per time zone setting.


Premise: What World War I event directly impacted Gaddafi's family?

Hypothesis: From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops.


Premise: What are the two examples give for justifications and values for occupational choices?

Hypothesis: Among these are workplace satisfaction and overall quality of life (Tracy & Scott 2006, p. 33).


Premise: How many people attended Nasser's funeral?

Hypothesis: Following the announcement of Nasser's death, Egypt and the Arab world were in a state of shock.


Premise: Who would prefix Dame, to their forenames?

Hypothesis: Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander prefix Sir, and Dames Grand Cross and Dames Commander prefix Dame, to their forenames.[b]


Premise: How many estimated non native speakers of Estonian are there in Estonia?

Hypothesis: It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.


Premise: Why were there more immigrants in the US?

Hypothesis: By 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s.


Premise: What did Gen. Oreste Baratieri proclaim in the highlands along the Eritrean coast?

Hypothesis: Uccialli) signed the same year, King Menelik of Shewa, a southern Ethiopian kingdom, recognized the Italian occupation of his rivals' lands of Bogos, Hamasien, Akkele Guzay, and Serae in exchange for guarantees of financial assistance and continuing access to European arms and ammunition.


Premise: What Olympic group was denied by India?

Hypothesis: Contradicting some other reports, Indian officials also refused permission to the "Olympic Holy Flame Protection Unit".


Premise: Where did Lee attend college?

Hypothesis: While attending college, she wrote for campus literary magazines: Huntress at Huntingdon and the humor magazine Rammer Jammer at the University of Alabama.


Premise: What did the studies regarding the effectiveness of hypnosis lack?

Hypothesis: A 2007 review of 13 studies found evidence for the efficacy of hypnosis in the reduction of chronic pain in some conditions, though the number of patients enrolled in the studies was low, bringing up issues of power to detect group differences, and most lacked credible controls for placebo and/or expectation.


Premise: What new idea did Beyonce and her mother launch in 2009?

Hypothesis: On May 27, 2010, Beyoncé teamed up with clothing store C&A to launch Deréon by Beyoncé at their stores in Brazil.


Premise: About how long has Kathmandu existed?

Hypothesis: The city has a rich history, spanning nearly 2000 years, as inferred from inscriptions found in the valley.


Premise: The video Express Yourself was inspired by which silent film?

Hypothesis: However, Madonna's film career has been largely received negatively by the film critic community.


Premise: What allowed for a deeper understanding and personal exploration of older philosophers theories?

Hypothesis: The re-discovery of ancient manuscripts brought a more profound and accurate knowledge of ancient philosophical schools such as Epicureanism, and Neoplatonism, whose Pagan wisdom the humanists, like the Church fathers of old, tended, at least initially, to consider as deriving from divine revelation and thus adaptable to a life of Christian virtue.


Premise: What can an exhibition game raise money for?

Hypothesis: An exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities.


Premise: When was Detroit's charter approved?

Hypothesis: Since voters approved the city's charter in 1974, Detroit has had a "strong mayoral" system, with the mayor approving departmental appointments.


Premise: What is one of the largest NPOs outside of the United States?

Hypothesis: Note that this assessment excludes universities, at least a few of which have assets in the tens of billions of dollars.


Premise: What led to the sealing of the Magna Carta?

Hypothesis: John lost the duchy of Normandy to King Philip II of France, which resulted in the collapse of most of the Angevin Empire and contributed to the subsequent growth in power of the Capetian dynasty during the 13th century.


Premise: The abbey was without towers following the renovation by whom?

Hypothesis: A narthex (a portico or entrance hall) for the west front was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens in the mid-20th century but was not built.


Premise: What is a highly prized fixture of Estonian society?

Hypothesis: The Protestant work ethic remains a significant cultural staple, and free education is a highly prized institution.


Premise: When did Emperor He's reign end?

Hypothesis: After Emperor He's death, his wife Empress Deng Sui (d. 121 AD) managed state affairs as the regent empress dowager during a turbulent financial crisis and widespread Qiang rebellion that lasted from 107 to 118 AD.


Premise: What type of format were adult contemporary and easy listening stations meant to share?

Hypothesis: Another big impetus for the evolution of the AC radio format was the popularity of easy listening or "beautiful music" stations, stations with music specifically designed to be purely ambient.


Premise: How many wars occured between 1500s and 1953?

Hypothesis: " Even during the period of Pax Britannica (or "the British Peace") between 1815 and 1914, war and military confrontations among the great powers was still a frequent occurrence.


Premise: What was the goal in the General Staff studying past operations?

Hypothesis: The Prussian General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be extremely effective, in contrast to the traditional French school.


Premise: Where were drugs siphoned off to?

Hypothesis: Instead, the donated money was expended through "counterfeit drugs, siphoning off of drugs to the black market, and payments to ghost employees".


Premise: What did the Spanish call the island that might have been Ailuk?

Hypothesis: On January 15, the Spaniards sighted another low island, perhaps Ujelang, at 10°N, where they described the people on "Barbudos".


Premise: What are the common languages spoken?

Hypothesis: Some of the most commonly spoken languages includes Hindi, Pahari, Dogri, Mandeali Kangri, Mandyali, Gojri and Kinnauri.


Premise: What is one of the contraints of an NPO with regards to assets?

Hypothesis: A charity is a nonprofit organisation that meets stricter criteria regarding its purpose and the method in which it makes decisions and reports its finances.


Premise: Against which opponent did Knute Rockne tell his team to "win one for the Gipper?"

Hypothesis: It was in 1928 that famed coach Knute Rockne used his final conversation with the dying Gipp to inspire the Notre Dame team to beat the Army team and "win one for the Gipper."


Premise: The first Constitution of Iran was founded in what year?

Hypothesis: The Constitution included the official recognition of Iran's three religious minorities, namely Christians, Zoroastrians, and Jews, which has remained a basis in the legislation of Iran since then.


Premise: Who was in possession of large herds that would produce more livestock?

Hypothesis: However, evidence of social inequality is still disputed, as settlements such as Catal Huyuk reveal a striking lack of difference in the size of homes and burial sites, suggesting a more egalitarian society with no evidence of the concept of capital, although some homes do appear slightly larger or more elaborately decorated than others.


Premise: What type of monopolies does IP create?

Hypothesis: More recently scientists and engineers are expressing concern that patent thickets are undermining technological development even in high-tech fields like nanotechnology.


Premise: Which generation of iPod Touch was made availalbe in July of 2015?

Hypothesis: The sixth generation iPod Touch includes a wide variety of spec improvements such as the upgraded A8 processor and higher-quality screen.


Premise: What form of religion was atheism considered to be?

Hypothesis: Religious law centered on the ritualised system of honours and sacrifice that brought divine blessings, according to the principle do ut des ("I give, that you might give").


Premise: Have reviews praised the PS3's hardware of software more frequently?

Hypothesis: Despite the initial negative press, several websites have given the system very good reviews mostly regarding its hardware.


Premise: What is Geimsa stain?

Hypothesis: Staining a cell with a dye such as Giemsa stain or crystal violet allows a microscopist to describe its size, shape, internal and external components and its associations with other cells.


Premise: What do Bohras believe happened to Taiyab abi al-qasim?

Hypothesis: In the absence of an imam they are led by a Dai-al-Mutlaq (absolute missionary) who manages the affairs of the Imam-in-Concealment until re-emergence of the Imam from concealment.


Premise: What bass settings were needed to eliminate hum?

Hypothesis: When the record was played back using a complementary inverse curve, signal-to-noise ratio was improved and the programming sounded more lifelike.


Premise: What company uses the Unicode Fallback font?

Hypothesis: The Apple's Last Resort font will display a substitute glyph indicating the Unicode range of the character, and the SIL International's Unicode Fallback font will display a box showing the hexadecimal scalar value of the character.


Premise: How many major riots between blacks and whites occurred in Charleston in 1876?

Hypothesis: In the 1876 election cycle, two major riots between black Republicans and white Democrats occurred in the city, in September and the day after the election in November, as well as a violent incident in Cainhoy at an October joint discussion meeting.


Premise: In 1990 which party had most of the election victories?

Hypothesis: At the 1990 elections of people's deputies to the Supreme Council (Verkhovna Rada), candidates from the Democratic Bloc won landslide victories in western Ukrainian oblasts.


Premise: What country did Cardinal Eduardo Francisco Pironi represent?

Hypothesis: There were voices within the Church at the time saying that the European period of the Church was coming to a close, a view shared by Britain's Cardinal Basil Hume.


Premise: How many of Schwarzenegger's ballot initiatives were defeated in the special election of 2005?

Hypothesis: Schwarzenegger's early victories included repealing an unpopular increase in the vehicle registration fee as well as preventing driver's licenses being given out to illegal immigrants, but later he began to feel the backlash when powerful state unions began to oppose his various initiatives.


Premise: The current in non-radio communication had to go through what type of component?

Hypothesis: In 1957, Braunstein further demonstrated that the rudimentary devices could be used for non-radio communication across a short distance.


Premise: Why are dogs viewed as unclean in Islam?

Hypothesis: In Islam, dogs are viewed as unclean because they are viewed as scavengers.


Premise: How did Whitehead define religion?

Hypothesis: His most famous remark on religion is that "religion is what the individual does with his own solitariness ... and if you are never solitary, you are never religious."


Premise: When did the securitization markets supported by the shadow banking system nearly shut-down completely?

Hypothesis: According to the Brookings Institution, the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap as of June 2009: "It would take a number of years of strong profits to generate sufficient capital to support that additional lending volume.


Premise: Who is the link between Oberhauser and Bond?

Hypothesis: They travel by train to the nearest station, but are once again confronted by Hinx; they engage in a fight throughout the train in which Mr Hinx is eventually thrown off the train by Bond with Swann's assistance.


Premise: Who patented an incandescent light bulb in Russia in 1874?

Hypothesis: In 1872, Russian Alexander Lodygin invented an incandescent light bulb and obtained a Russian patent in 1874.


Premise: Libelles were generally written in what form?

Hypothesis: The writers of Grub Street, the Grub Street Hacks, were left feeling bitter about the relative success of the men of letters, and found an outlet for their literature which was typified by the libelle.


Premise: Which Sun columnist made controversial remarks about migrants to Britain in April 2015?

Hypothesis: On 17 April 2015, The Sun's columnist Katie Hopkins called migrants to Britain "cockroaches" and "feral humans" and said they were "spreading like the norovirus".


Premise: Where was the first Rock Oil mine built?

Hypothesis: Ignacy Łukasiewicz improved Gesner's method to develop a means of refining kerosene from the more readily available "rock oil" ("petr-oleum") seeps in 1852 and the first rock oil mine was built in Bóbrka, near Krosno in Galicia in the following year.


Premise: Wind turbines in the USA can now compete with what type of fuel?

Hypothesis: As of 2014, the wind industry in the USA is able to produce more power at lower cost by using taller wind turbines with longer blades, capturing the faster winds at higher elevations.


Premise: What type of rocket was first researched by the Air Force?

Hypothesis: The Air Force initiated ICBM research in 1945 with the MX-774.


Premise: Who dedicated his 1915 piano Études to Chopin?

Hypothesis: Two of Chopin's long-standing pupils, Karol Mikuli (1821–1897) and Georges Mathias, were themselves piano teachers and passed on details of his playing to their own students, some of whom (such as Raoul Koczalski) were to make recordings of his music.


Premise: Damage to the reticular formation can cause what?

Hypothesis: An important component of the system is the reticular formation, a group of neuron-clusters scattered diffusely through the core of the lower brain.


Premise: What list by PC World ranked PlayStation eighth, in a bad way?

Hypothesis: GamesRadar ranked PS3 as the top item in a feature on game-related PR disasters, asking how Sony managed to "take one of the most anticipated game systems of all time and — within the space of a year — turn it into a hate object reviled by the entire internet", but added that despite its problems the system has "untapped potential".


Premise: What city is Arthur Barnett in?

Hypothesis: The iconic department stores of New Zealand's three major centres are Smith & Caughey's (founded 1880), in New Zealand's most populous city, Auckland; Kirkcaldie & Stains (founded 1863) in the capital, Wellington; and Ballantynes (founded 1854) in New Zealand's second biggest city, Christchurch.


Premise: What creatures are often depicted on Armenian carpets?

Hypothesis: They were diverse in style, rich in color and ornamental motifs, and were even separated in categories depending on what sort of animals were depicted on them, such as artsvagorgs (eagle-carpets), vishapagorgs (dragon-carpets) and otsagorgs (serpent-carpets).


Premise: In what century did the Caliphate conquer North Africa?

Hypothesis: In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once part of the Eastern Roman Empire—came under the rule of the Caliphate, an Islamic empire, after conquest by Muhammad's successors.


Premise: What body replaced the War Plans Division?

Hypothesis: Next, he was appointed Assistant Chief of Staff in charge of the new Operations Division (which replaced WPD) under Chief of Staff General George C. Marshall, who spotted talent and promoted accordingly.


Premise: Has service ever been restored?

Hypothesis: In 1981, large sections of the SEPTA Regional Rail service to the far suburbs of Philadelphia were discontinued due to lack of funding.


Premise: What is Somerset an important supplier of

Hypothesis: Somerset is an important supplier of defence equipment and technology.


Premise: Where is Nissan Motor Company's headquarters in the United States?

Hypothesis: Tennessee is also the location of the Volkswagen factory in Chattanooga, a $2 billion polysilicon production facility by Wacker Chemie in Bradley County, and a $1.2 billion polysilicon production facility by Hemlock Semiconductor in Clarksville.


Premise: How many Roman Catholic immigrants are in Greece?

Hypothesis: Greek citizens who are Roman Catholic are estimated to be at around 50,000 with the Roman Catholic immigrant community in the country approximately 200,000.


Premise: What do paleopathologists study?

Hypothesis: Scientists who studied the skull speculated that the bite marks were received in a fight with another Herrerasaurus.


Premise: The small North German navy had how many ironclads at their disposal?

Hypothesis: When the war began, the French government ordered a blockade of the North German coasts, which the small North German navy (Norddeutsche Bundesmarine) with only five ironclads could do little to oppose.


Premise: Who said that 9/11 drew a line between 'the civil and the savage'?

Hypothesis: Jackson cites among many examples a statement by John Ashcroft that "the attacks of September 11 drew a bright line of demarcation between the civil and the savage".


Premise: In what country did Bell patent his telephone?

Hypothesis: Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work.


Premise: What was the name of the first vehicle to reach outer space?

Hypothesis: During the Second World War, General Dornberger was the military head of the army's rocket program, Zanssen became the commandant of the Peenemünde army rocket centre, and von Braun was the technical director of the ballistic missile program.


Premise: What virus is maintained in birds without lethal effects?

Hypothesis: Some viruses that are maintained in birds without lethal effects, such as the West Nile Virus may however be spread by migrating birds.


Premise: In which year was the study published that found biodiversity and genetic diversity are codependent?

Hypothesis: " At present, the most threatened ecosystems are found in fresh water, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005, which was confirmed by the "Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment", organised by the biodiversity platform, and the French Institut de recherche pour le développement (MNHNP).


Premise: When did John begin a fresh, vigorous attack?

Hypothesis: In September 1216 John began a fresh, vigorous attack.


Premise: According to a 2008 CDC report, how many are bitten in the United States annually?

Hypothesis: In the 1980s and 1990s the US averaged 17 fatalities per year, while in the 2000s this has increased to 26.


Premise: What area was the name Dari connected to by medieval Iranian thinkers?

Hypothesis: Medieval Iranian scholars such as Abdullah Ibn al-Muqaffa (8th century) and Ibn al-Nadim (10th century) associated the term "Dari" with the eastern province of Khorasan, while they used the term "Pahlavi" to describe the dialects of the northwestern areas between Isfahan and Azerbaijan, and "Pârsi" ("Persian" proper) to describe the Dialects of Fars.


Premise: What is the most efficient yellow phosphor?

Hypothesis: As of 2010, the most efficient yellow phosphor is still the YAG phosphor, with less than 10% Stoke shift loss.


Premise: What are the causes of the Franco-Prussian War deeply rooted in?

Hypothesis: France was strongly opposed to any further alliance of German states, which would have significantly strengthened the Prussian military.


Premise: Did adolescents report more sexual or social events to researchers?

Hypothesis: Sexual events (such as sexual touching, sexual intercourse) were less common than romantic events (holding hands) and social events (being with one's partner in a group setting).


Premise: How was Templo Mayor discovered?

Hypothesis: (The Templo Mayor was discovered in 1978 while workers were digging to place underground electric cables).


Premise: What are challenged to an unpopular political party?

Hypothesis: The tremendous land area and large population of the country are formidable challenges to political parties with a narrow appeal.


Premise: What instrument is usually at the center of a hard rock sound?

Hypothesis: The electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument.


Premise: What is ukiyo-e an example of?

Hypothesis: The kibyōshi contained examples of sequential images, movement lines, and sound effects.


Premise: Which characteristic of capital letters made it easy to remember.

Hypothesis: These terms originated from the common layouts of the shallow drawers called type cases used to hold the movable type for letterpress printing.


Premise: How is most of Tucson's water used?

Hypothesis: The primary consumer of water is Agriculture (including golf courses), which consumes about 69% of all water.


Premise: The ISO/IEC high standard document states that the decompressed output produced from a given MP3 file will be the same within what standards?

Hypothesis: Most decoders are "bitstream compliant", which means that the decompressed output that they produce from a given MP3 file will be the same, within a specified degree of rounding tolerance, as the output specified mathematically in the ISO/IEC high standard document (ISO/IEC 11172-3).


Premise: What was the August 2013 launching ceremony in Yokohama held for?

Hypothesis: In August 2013, a launching ceremony for Japan's largest military ship since World War II was held in Yokohama.


Premise: What was the lifespan of John Augustine Zahm?

Hypothesis: His book Evolution and Dogma (1896) defended certain aspects of evolutionary theory as true, and argued, moreover, that even the great Church teachers Thomas Aquinas and Augustine taught something like it.


Premise: What method did Tennessee use for capital punishment before 1913?

Hypothesis: From 1913 to 1915 there was a hiatus on executions but they were reinstated in 1916 when electrocution became the new method.


Premise: What led the National Hockey League to cancel the 2004-2005 season?

Hypothesis: In doing so, the AFL became the second sports league to cancel an entire season, after the National Hockey League cancelled the 2004-05 season because of a lockout.


Premise: What are some antibiotics can be used for STAT?

Hypothesis: However, it is unclear whether or not antibiotics cause obesity in humans.


Premise: How many times was London attacked?

Hypothesis: This was a result of a rapid escalation starting on 24 August 1940, when night bombers aiming for RAF airfields drifted off course and accidentally destroyed several London homes, killing civilians, combined with the UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill's retaliatory bombing of Berlin on the following night.[clarification needed]


Premise: How old was Emperor Takakura when he died?

Hypothesis: He gave his daughter Tokuko in marriage to the young emperor Takakura, who died at only 19, leaving their infant son Antoku to succeed to the throne.


Premise: What is measuring and storing loudness of an MP3 file also known as?

Hypothesis: MP3Gain may be used to reversibly modify files based on ReplayGain measurements so that adjusted playback can be achieved on players without ReplayGain capability.


Premise: What was the name of the town that first appeared during the PPNA?

Hypothesis: Around 9000 BC during the PPNA, one of the world's first towns, Jericho, appeared in the Levant.


Premise: Who contributed to the American studies programs at Yale and University of Wyoming?

Hypothesis: Also during the 1940s and 1950s, Wyoming millionaire William Robertson Coe made large contributions to the American studies programs at Yale University and at the University of Wyoming.


Premise: What was the tolerance limit for implosion "edge effect"?

Hypothesis: He established the design of the explosive lenses required, but there remained concerns about "edge effects" and imperfections in the explosives.


Premise: In what year was the first line of the Melbourne cable tramway system built?

Hypothesis: In 1880 a telephone exchange was established and in the same year the foundations of St Paul's, were laid; in 1881 electric light was installed in the Eastern Market, and in the following year a generating station capable of supplying 2,000 incandescent lamps was in operation.


Premise: What was the purpose of these fires?

Hypothesis: The fake fires could only begin when the bombing started over an adjacent target and its effects were brought under control.


Premise: Where did many of the fittings for the new east wing come from?

Hypothesis: As a result, many of the rooms in the new wing have a distinctly oriental atmosphere.


Premise: which party dominates most of the rest of florida

Hypothesis: Because of this, the area has consistently voted as one of the most Democratic areas of the state.


Premise: How did troops react to the missile?

Hypothesis: Despite this, it was not well received by the troops and copies of The Sun were soon burnt.


Premise: Who is responsible for judicial review?

Hypothesis: Courts check both the executive branch and the legislative branch through judicial review.


Premise: What is the oldest architecture plans that has survived?

Hypothesis: According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, commonly known by the original translation – firmness, commodity and delight.


Premise: What was Publius's critical mistake in his sea campaign?

Hypothesis: In the early days of Rome's war against Carthage, the commander Publius Claudius Pulcher (consul 249 BC) launched a sea campaign "though the sacred chickens would not eat when he took the auspices."


Premise: What was Eton's beagle club accused of in January 2016?

Hypothesis: In January 2016, the Eton College beagling club was accused by the League Against Cruel Sports of undertaking an illegal hare hunt.


Premise: What white cloud group on Neptune is farther south than the dark great spot?

Hypothesis: The Scooter is another storm, a white cloud group farther south than the Great Dark Spot.


Premise: What was Triangle Transit called before?

Hypothesis: Raleigh is also served by Triangle Transit (known formerly as the Triangle Transit Authority, or TTA).


Premise: What New Haven non-profit manages the farmer's markets that service various neighborhoods weekly throughout the area?

Hypothesis: During weekday lunchtime, over 150 lunch carts and food trucks from neighborhood restaurants cater to different student populations throughout Yale's campus.


Premise: How long was Tom Playford in political power?

Hypothesis: In South Australia, initially a Liberal and Country Party affiliated party, the Liberal and Country League (LCL), mostly led by Premier of South Australia Tom Playford, was in power from the 1933 election to the 1965 election, though with assistance from an electoral malapportionment, or gerrymander, known as the Playmander.


Premise: What kingdom grew out of the duchy founded by Robert Guiscard?

Hypothesis: They faced a powerful rival in the Dukes of Normandy, who in 1066 under William the Conqueror (duke 1035–1087), conquered England (r. 1066–87) and created a cross-channel empire that lasted, in various forms, throughout the rest of the Middle Ages.


Premise: What disease did Victoria's youngest son have?

Hypothesis: Victoria's youngest son, Leopold, was affected by the blood-clotting disease haemophilia B and two of her five daughters, Alice and Beatrice, were carriers.


Premise: When did Turkey and Israel establish full diplomatic relations?

Hypothesis: Although Turkey and Israel did not establish full diplomatic relations until 1991, Turkey has cooperated with the State since its recognition of Israel in 1949.


Premise: Which Queen furthered the cult of Mary in the 6th Century?

Hypothesis: According to William E. Phipps, in the book Survivals of Roman Religion "Gordon Laing argues convincingly that the worship of Artemis as both virgin and mother at the grand Ephesian temple contributed to the veneration of Mary."


Premise: How many homes does PGW serve?

Hypothesis: It serves over 500,000 homes and businesses in the Philadelphia area.


Premise: The Sri Lankan Supreme Court's decisions override what?

Hypothesis: The court rulings take precedence over all lower Courts.


Premise: What caused Prince Albert's death?

Hypothesis: She blamed her husband's death on worry over the Prince of Wales's philandering.


Premise: Who were considered more reliable witnesses than the Oxfordshire peasants?

Hypothesis: In other words, only civil society were considered for Boyle's public.


Premise: What extras do Windows 8 Enterprise have?

Hypothesis: Windows 8 Enterprise contains additional features aimed towards business environments, and is only available through volume licensing.


Premise: How many students are in Boston Public schools?

Hypothesis: There are private, parochial, and charter schools as well, and approximately 3,300 minority students attend participating suburban schools through the Metropolitan Educational Opportunity Council.


Premise: What was the first commercial solar concentrating system?

Hypothesis: The first commercial system was the Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA where a field of 114 parabolic dishes provided 50% of the process heating, air conditioning and electrical requirements for a clothing factory.


Premise: How is a digimon reborn?

Hypothesis: However, if a Digimon's data is completely destroyed, they will die.


Premise: Who presided over the torch event in North Korea?

Hypothesis: The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam.


Premise: What kind of bird did Aristotle and Pliny the Elder write about?

Hypothesis: Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's observations.


Premise: When did Apple begin selling entire films through the iTunes store?

Hypothesis: The store became the market leader soon after its launch and Apple announced the sale of videos through the store on October 12, 2005.


Premise: Who led the Millennium celebration in Zarvanytsia?

Hypothesis: On July 17, a group of 10,000 gathered in the village Zarvanytsia for Millennium services celebrated by Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Bishop Pavlo Vasylyk.


Premise: In 2014, what percent of the City of Boston was Catholic?

Hypothesis: According to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center, 57% of the population of the city identified themselves as Christians, with 25% professing attendance at a variety of churches that could be considered Protestant, and 29% professing Roman Catholic beliefs.


Premise: What are two things made possible by the electrical properties of vacuum?

Hypothesis: Ultra-high vacuum is used in the study of atomically clean substrates, as only a very good vacuum preserves atomic-scale clean surfaces for a reasonably long time (on the order of minutes to days).


Premise: Many FDS disks lack what?

Hypothesis: More advanced memory management chips (MMC) soon appeared and the FDS quickly became obsolete.


Premise: What did Saburo mean?

Hypothesis: A man was addressed by his family name and his title, or by his yobina if he did not have a title.


Premise: What do the initials EP stand for?

Hypothesis: The 45 rpm discs also came in a variety known as extended play (EP), which achieved up to 10–15 minutes play at the expense of attenuating (and possibly compressing) the sound to reduce the width required by the groove.


Premise: What supported the GL carpet?

Hypothesis: Douglas set about introducing more squadrons and dispersing the few GL sets to create a carpet effect in the southern counties.


Premise: By what name is the era in the 3rd millennium around 1500 BC known?

Hypothesis: The Iron Age began around 500 BC with the emergence of iron-working settlements in an area south of present-day Mandalay.


Premise: What was an important power basis for the magnates?

Hypothesis: One of the most important victories of the magnates was the late 16th century right to create ordynacja's (similar to majorats), which ensured that a family which gained wealth and power could more easily preserve this.


Premise: Does sleep hurt a persons memory?

Hypothesis: There have been several studies which show that sleep improves the retention of memory, as memories are enhanced through active consolidation.


Premise: How many years ago did hunting-gatherers start specializing in their collection practices?

Hypothesis: Agriculture originated and spread in several different areas including the Middle East, Asia, Mesoamerica, and the Andes beginning as early as 12,000 years ago.


Premise: Who electrified Detroit?

Hypothesis: During this period some referred to Detroit as the Paris of the West for its architecture, grand avenues in the Paris style, and for Washington Boulevard, recently electrified by Thomas Edison.


Premise: When does Nanjing expect to finish it's light rail line?

Hypothesis: The city is planning to complete a 17-line Metro and light-rail system by 2030.


Premise: How long has Tucson's water conservation efforts been underway?

Hypothesis: These resources have been in place for more than 27 years, and deliver to over 900 locations.


Premise: When was The Sound Pattern of English published?

Hypothesis: An important consequence of the influence SPE had on phonological theory was the downplaying of the syllable and the emphasis on segments.


Premise: How many UNESCO sites does the U.S. have?

Hypothesis: Independence National Historical Park is the center of these historical landmarks being one of the country's 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites.


Premise: What USB version is Windows 8 compatible with?

Hypothesis: Windows 8 introduced major changes to the operating system's platform and user interface to improve its user experience on tablets, where Windows was now competing with mobile operating systems, including Android and iOS.


Premise: What is another name for Jesus given?

Hypothesis: This builds on the salvific theme of the Gospel of John which begins in John 1:29 with John the Baptist's proclamation: "The Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world".


Premise: What is EchoStar's platform?

Hypothesis: Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network.


Premise: Who are some of the most prominent modern visual artists in Portugal?

Hypothesis: Prominent international figures in visual arts nowadays include painters Vieira da Silva, Júlio Pomar, Helena Almeida, Joana Vasconcelos, Julião Sarmento and Paula Rego.


Premise: What was Kerry's major?

Hypothesis: He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major.


Premise: What type of region does a majority of Nigerians live in?

Hypothesis: Some of the largest of these, notably Yoruba and Igbo, have derived standardised languages from a number of different dialects and are widely spoken by those ethnic groups.


Premise: When did parts of Armenia under Iranian control become part of Russia?

Hypothesis: In the late 1820s, the parts of historic Armenia under Iranian control centering on Yerevan and Lake Sevan (all of Eastern Armenia) were incorporated into the Russian Empire following Iran's forced ceding of the territories after its loss in the Russo-Persian War (1826-1828) and the outcoming Treaty of Turkmenchay.


Premise: What does the letter reference?

Hypothesis: The letter refers to the retributions that followed the unjust treatment of three wise men: Socrates, Pythagoras, and "the wise king" of the Jews.


Premise: When was the first USAF dress uniform introduced?

Hypothesis: USAF personnel assigned to Base Honor Guard duties wear, for certain occasions, a modified version of the standard service dress uniform, but with silver trim on the sleeves and trousers, with the addition of a ceremonial belt (if necessary), wheel cap with silver trim and Hap Arnold Device, and a silver aiguillette placed on the left shoulder seam and all devices and accoutrement.


Premise: Where where the yellow?

Hypothesis: These regions were occupied by "the brown men," with the yellow in the Far East and the black in Africa.


Premise: For best fidelity to the source, the transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate should match what?

Hypothesis: The optimum format for a broadcast depends upon the type of videographic recording medium used and the image's characteristics.


Premise: Who provides the city water now?

Hypothesis: Today, the Philadelphia Water Department (PWD) provides drinking water, wastewater collection, and stormwater services for Philadelphia, as well as surrounding counties.


Premise: The oil embargo in what year was a contributing factor to the reorganization of energy policies?

Hypothesis: The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies.


Premise: Upon launching, the Compass system, what was the speed promised to users?

Hypothesis: During this trial run, Compass will offer positioning accuracy to within 25 meters, but the precision will improve as more satellites are launched.


Premise: What shape do grapes usually resemble?

Hypothesis: Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid.


Premise: What natural rhythm is disrupted by seasonal changes?

Hypothesis: Clock shifts were found to increase the risk of heart attack by 10 percent, and to disrupt sleep and reduce its efficiency.


Premise: What did 'saburahi' mean?

Hypothesis: The term samurai originally meant "those who serve in close attendance to nobility", and was written with a Chinese character (or kanji) that had the same meaning.


Premise: On what date did Batman reach Melbourne?

Hypothesis: Batman and his group arrived on 2 September 1835 and the two groups ultimately agreed to share the settlement.


Premise: How many excited states does 73Zn have?

Hypothesis: 61Zn has three excited states and 73Zn has two.


Premise: Tribes hold land in Oklahoma, but what isn't it called?

Hypothesis: Thirty-nine Native American tribal governments are based in Oklahoma, each holding limited powers within designated areas.


Premise: Where were the PLO bases located?

Hypothesis: Israel responded by launching an invasion of southern Lebanon to destroy the PLO bases south of the Litani River.


Premise: How many surnames does everyone in Spain have?

Hypothesis: The law contemplates the possibility of joining both surnames with the Catalan conjunction i ("and").


Premise: What did Victoria's isolation give way to?

Hypothesis: In March 1864, a protester stuck a notice on the railings of Buckingham Palace that announced "these commanding premises to be let or sold in consequence of the late occupant's declining business".


Premise: How much does it cost to transport a gallon of milk in some rural areas of Alaska?

Hypothesis: The cost of delivering a 1 US gallon (3.8 L) of milk is about $3.50 in many villages where per capita income can be $20,000 or less.


Premise: What did Eannatum annex?

Hypothesis: He seems to have used terror as a matter of policy.


Premise: What are the mathmatic useful towards?

Hypothesis: The mathematics presented below are useful in analyzing the electrical behaviour of antenna arrays, where the properties of the individual array elements (such as half wave dipoles) are already known.


Premise: What was to blame for the FBI's failure?

Hypothesis: The Post reported from Zegart's book that government documents show the CIA and FBI missed 23 potential chances to disrupt the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.


Premise: How many days can the Daysimeter gather for analysis?

Hypothesis: The small, head-mounted device measures an individual's daily rest and activity patterns, as well as exposure to short-wavelength light that stimulates the circadian system.


Premise: What makes up the bodies of vascular plants?

Hypothesis: do not produce ground-penetrating vascular roots and most of the plant participates in photosynthesis.


Premise: Who was Keir Hardie's opponent?

Hypothesis: Keir Hardie, who had taken a leading role in getting the party established, was elected as Chairman of the Parliamentary Labour Party (in effect, the Leader), although only by one vote over David Shackleton after several ballots.


Premise: Beyonce opened a cosmetology center in what location?

Hypothesis: In April 2011, Beyoncé joined forces with US First Lady Michelle Obama and the National Association of Broadcasters Education Foundation, to help boost the latter's campaign against child obesity by reworking her single "Get Me Bodied".


Premise: The controversy surrounding the subject of predestination is known as what?

Hypothesis: This has become known as the struggle between Arminianism and Gomarism, or between Remonstrants and Contra-Remonstrants.


Premise: In the middle o what century did the Kushan empire begin?

Hypothesis: The Kushan Empire expanded out of what is now Afghanistan into the northwest of the subcontinent under the leadership of their first emperor, Kujula Kadphises, about the middle of the 1st century CE.


Premise: Other than boats, what do people often build with wood?

Hypothesis: Wood has been an important construction material since humans began building shelters, houses and boats.


Premise: Who was north carolina seeking independence from in 1776?

Hypothesis: A major American victory in the war took place at King's Mountain along the North Carolina–South Carolina border; on October 7, 1780, a force of 1000 mountain men from western North Carolina (including what is today the state of Tennessee)and Southwest Virginia overwhelmed a force of some 1000 British troops led by Major Patrick Ferguson.


Premise: When did Apple announce software that would allow Windows XP to be run on Intel-based Macs?

Hypothesis: On April 5, 2006, Apple announced the availability of the public beta of Boot Camp, software that allows owners of Intel-based Macs to install Windows XP on their machines; later versions added support for Windows Vista and Windows 7.


Premise: How many fire stations are there in Southampton city limits?

Hypothesis: Southampton's fire cover is provided by Hampshire Fire and Rescue Service.


Premise: What language did Catalan descend from?

Hypothesis: From the 8th century onwards the Catalan counts extended their territory southwards and westwards at the expense of the Muslims, bringing their language with them.


Premise: When did the Cubs record their 10,000 regular-season win?

Hypothesis: On April 23, 2008, against the Colorado Rockies, the Cubs recorded the 10,000th regular-season win in their franchise's history dating back to the beginning of the National League in 1876.


Premise: What heads approximately east-northeast once at the Swiss bored?

Hypothesis: Upon reaching the Swiss border, the line of the main chain heads approximately east-northeast, a heading it follows until its end near Vienna.


Premise: In what year did the Battle of Mobei take place?

Hypothesis: The assault culminated in 119 BC at the Battle of Mobei, where the Han commanders Huo Qubing (d. 117 BC) and Wei Qing (d. 106 BC) forced the Xiongnu court to flee north of the Gobi Desert.


Premise: In what year did Faraday convert electrical energy into mechanical energy?

Hypothesis: The theoretical principle behind production of mechanical force by the interactions of an electric current and a magnetic field, Ampère's force law, was discovered later by André-Marie Ampère in 1820.


Premise: What are some religious traditions that are found within differing religions?

Hypothesis: Different religious traditions assign differing (though often similar) attributes and characteristics to God, including expansive powers and abilities, psychological characteristics, gender characteristics, and preferred nomenclature.


Premise: What 2 forms of mass is most of the universe consisted of?

Hypothesis: This element is found in great abundance in stars and gas giant planets.


Premise: When was the suit settled?

Hypothesis: Just days before his death in November 2007, Knievel amicably settled the suit after being paid a visit from West, saying, "I thought he was a wonderful guy and quite a gentleman."


Premise: How many talents did Diadochi steal from Ectabana, Persepolis and Susa?

Hypothesis: Seleucus was forced to flee to Egypt and Antigonus was soon at war with Ptolemy, Lysimachus, and Cassander.


Premise: How did the British invaders respond to the arrival of French relief forces?

Hypothesis: The force then re-embarked under threat of the arrival of French relief forces.


Premise: What was the magnitude of the earthquake that affected New Delhi on September 2011?

Hypothesis: New Delhi lies on several fault lines and thus experiences frequent earthquakes, most of them of mild intensity.


Premise: What is another name for Ottoman Armenia?

Hypothesis: Signed between the Allied and Associated Powers and Ottoman Empire at Sèvres on 10 August 1920, the Treaty of Sèvres promised to maintain the existence of the Armenian republic and to attach the former territories of Ottoman Armenia to it.


Premise: How much did Madonna have when she first went to NYC?

Hypothesis: Madonna said of her move to New York, "It was the first time I'd ever taken a plane, the first time I'd ever gotten a taxi cab.


Premise: What stadium did protesters try to burn the U.S.  flag?

Hypothesis: On April 25, 1976, at Dodger Stadium, father-and-son protestors ran into the outfield and tried to set fire to a U.S. flag.


Premise: What type of bean is used to make chocolate?

Hypothesis: Other significant crops include cassava, chia, squash (pumpkins, zucchini, marrow, acorn squash, butternut squash), the pinto bean, Phaseolus beans including most common beans, tepary beans and lima beans, tomatoes, potatoes, avocados, peanuts, cocoa beans (used to make chocolate), vanilla, strawberries, pineapples, Peppers (species and varieties of Capsicum, including bell peppers, jalapeños, paprika and chili peppers)


Premise: Who did Napoleon fight his first military campaign against?

Hypothesis: He followed the defeat of the Allies in Europe by commanding a military expedition to Egypt in 1798, invading and occupying the Ottoman province after defeating the Mamelukes and launching modern Egyptology through the discoveries made by his army.


Premise: What is the distance between the Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone and Mianyang Airport?

Hypothesis: The zone is situated 96 kilometers away from Chengdu, and is 8 km (5.0 mi) away from Mianyang Airport.


Premise: Where was the University of Paris located?

Hypothesis: The Left Bank was the site of the University of Paris, a corporation of students and teachers formed in the mid-12th century to train scholars first in theology, and later in canon law, medicine and the arts.


Premise: What is the main component of drying the paper?

Hypothesis: Drying involves using air and/or heat to remove water from the paper sheets; in the earliest days of paper making this was done by hanging the sheets like laundry; in more modern times various forms of heated drying mechanisms are used.


Premise: What two inventions helped make Chinese literature especially important and portable?

Hypothesis: Ancient Chinese literature had a heavy emphasis on historiography, with often very detailed court records.


Premise: How many universities in France offer neerlandistiek courses?

Hypothesis: As a foreign language, Dutch is mainly taught in primary and secondary schools in areas adjacent to the Netherlands and Flanders.


Premise: When did the degree symbol fall out of use in the DIN system?

Hypothesis: The degree symbol was finally dropped with DIN 4512:1961-10.


Premise: Who called her Hottest Female Singer of all Time?

Hypothesis: In January 2013, GQ placed her on its cover, featuring her atop its "100 Sexiest Women of the 21st Century" list.


Premise: What animal was listed as part of the four fleur-de-lis in the above quote

Hypothesis: "Azure, three ships with three masts, rigged and under full sail, the sails, pennants and ensigns Argent, each charged with a cross Gules; on a chief of the second a pale quarterly Azure and Gules, on the 1st and 4th a fleur-de-lis or, on the 2nd and 3rd a leopard or, between two roses Gules seeded Or barbed Vert."


Premise: the holy roman empire due to its many different conquests was seen as what type of society?

Hypothesis: It had a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual structure, some of the smaller ethnicities and languages used at different times were Dutch, Italian, French, Czech and Polish.


Premise: When was gay marriage legalized in Mexico City?

Hypothesis: In April of the same year, the Legislative Assembly expanded provisions on abortions, becoming the first federal entity to expand abortion in Mexico beyond cases of rape and economic reasons, to permit it regardless of the reason should the mother request it before the twelfth week of pregnancy.


Premise: What do the 15 oak leaves on the anniversary crest indicate?

Hypothesis: The crest was all white, surrounded by 15 oak leaves to the right and 15 laurel leaves to the left.


Premise: what traditional options were available for users and small businesses?

Hypothesis: For users and small businesses, traditional options include copper wires to provide dial-up, DSL, typically asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), cable modem or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (typically basic rate interface).


Premise: Who held the original trademark for the iPod name?

Hypothesis: The name iPod was proposed by Vinnie Chieco, a freelance copywriter, who (with others) was called by Apple to figure out how to introduce the new player to the public.


Premise: What was Tucson's population in 2006?

Hypothesis: In 2006 the population of Pima County, in which Tucson is located, passed one million while the City of Tucson's population was 535,000.


Premise: Kiyomori removed how many court officials to protect his power?

Hypothesis: Taira Kiyomori emerged as the real power in Japan following the Minamoto's destruction, and he would remain in command for the next 20 years.


Premise: What decisions must be made in the last stage of database design?

Hypothesis: A key goal during this stage is data independence, meaning that the decisions made for performance optimization purposes should be invisible to end-users and applications.


Premise: When did the religions of the past begin to dissipate ?

Hypothesis: The spiritual revolution that took place, saw a waning of the old Greek religion, whose decline beginning in the 3rd century BC continued with the introduction of new religious movements from the East.


Premise: What about Neptune did NASA propose in 2003 in their "Vision Missions Studies"?

Hypothesis: In 2003, there was a proposal in NASA's "Vision Missions Studies" for a "Neptune Orbiter with Probes" mission that does Cassini-level science.


Premise: What became the main source of Bermuda's economy in the 1970's?

Hypothesis: In 1948, regularly scheduled commercial airline service by land-based aeroplanes began to Kindley Field (now L.F. Wade International Airport), helping tourism to reach its peak in the 1960s–1970s.


Premise: What are there prominent examples of in comic history?

Hypothesis: Towards the close of the 20th century, different cultures' discoveries of each other's comics traditions, the rediscovery of forgotten early comics forms, and the rise of new forms made defining comics a more complicated task.


Premise: What had the Aztec civilization constructed?

Hypothesis: For instance, the Aztecs built one of the largest cities in the world, Tenochtitlan, the ancient site of Mexico City, with an estimated population of 200,000.


Premise: What was the name of the woman who was allegedly raped in the book?

Hypothesis: Scout is tempted to stand up for her father's honor by fighting, even though he has told her not to.


Premise: When did Prince Phillip arrive in Saint Helena?

Hypothesis: This was in 1947 when the King, accompanied by Queen Elizabeth (later the Queen Mother), Princess Elizabeth


Premise: What did the Chinese get paid for their goods?

Hypothesis: By the end of the 17th century, the Chinese economy had recovered from the devastation caused by the wars in which the Ming dynasty were overthrown, and the resulting breakdown of order.


Premise: What happened to those Jews who remained?

Hypothesis: Those who remained were later deported and killed in the Holocaust.


Premise: What are some of the diverse range of fields scholars come to Anthrozoology from?

Hypothesis: It includes scholars from a diverse range of fields, including anthropology, sociology, biology, and philosophy.[n 7]


Premise: Where did the artist federation hold their annual balls?

Hypothesis: Since 1988, the student organization Tårnseilerne has produced annual masquerade balls in Oslo, with masks, costumes and processions after attending an opera performance.


Premise: What makes up part of the SQA?

Hypothesis: They examine and change the software engineering process itself to reduce the number of faults that end up in the delivered software: the so-called "defect rate".


Premise: Who did the Chinese lose territory to in exchange for help?

Hypothesis: However Japan threatened to enter the war against China due to the Gapsin Coup and China chose to end the war with negotiations.


Premise: What is the supposed ancestor of all Slavic languages?

Hypothesis: Proto-Slavic, the supposed ancestor language of all Slavic languages, is a descendant of common Proto-Indo-European, via a Balto-Slavic stage in which it developed numerous lexical and morphophonological isoglosses with the Baltic languages.


Premise: How many justices are on the Supreme Court?

Hypothesis: The judicial system is headed by a Tribunal Supremo da Justiça (Supreme Court), made up of nine justices appointed by the president; they serve at the pleasure of the president.


Premise: The mosaic in the church in Thessaloniki is know as what?

Hypothesis: Among the rare examples are the 6th-century Christ in majesty (or Ezekiel's Vision) mosaic in the apse of the Church of Hosios David in Thessaloniki that was hidden behind mortar during those dangerous times.


Premise: What shows that there is an inner surface between glass and melt?

Hypothesis: Yet there is a nucleation barrier, which implies an interfacial discontinuity (or internal surface) between the glass and the melt.


Premise: Where was Siddhārtha Gautama born?

Hypothesis: The evidence of the early texts suggests that Siddhārtha Gautama was born in a community that was on the periphery, both geographically and culturally, of the northeastern Indian subcontinent in the fifth century BCE.


Premise: What village did Jesus come from?

Hypothesis: The identification of Jesus as the Messiah is not accepted by Judaism.


Premise: What was the problem with the views of Parsons?

Hypothesis: This structural functionalism approach was questioned in the 1960s, when sociologists came to see this approach as merely a justification for inequalities present in the status quo.


Premise: Was this the only occasion the OSCE was invited to preside over a presidential election?

Hypothesis: There was exceptional public interest in the two leading presidential candidates and the issues raised by their respective campaigns, as well as in the election process itself."


Premise: What was de Courtenay's profession?

Hypothesis: The Polish scholar Jan Baudouin de Courtenay (together with his former student Mikołaj Kruszewski) introduced the concept of the phoneme in 1876, and his work, though often unacknowledged, is considered to be the starting point of modern phonology.