Premise: Who accounts for eighty-seven percent of the sale of duck stamps?

Hypothesis: The stamps serve as a license to hunt migratory birds, an entrance pass for all National Wildlife Refuge areas, and are also considered collectors items often purchased for aesthetic reasons outside of the hunting and birding communities.


Premise: Who was appointed as Queen Victoria's literary executor upon her death?

Hypothesis: After Victoria's death, her youngest daughter, Princess Beatrice, was appointed her literary executor.


Premise: What part of Switzerland has a particularly high number of fine-dining establishments?

Hypothesis: The number of fine-dining establishments is high, particularly in western Switzerland.


Premise: The narrowing of the emission spectrum in Quantum Dot LEDs allows them to do what?

Hypothesis: This provides more color options and better color rendering than white LEDs since the emission spectrum is much narrower, characteristic of quantum confined states.


Premise: What did David Randall say about the Sun's AIDS story?

Hypothesis: Lord Kilbracken himself criticised The Sun's editorial and the headline of its news story; he stated that while he thought that gay people were more at risk of developing AIDS it was still wrong to imply that no one else could catch the disease.


Premise: What percentage of soil contained T. canis eggs in Great Britain public parks?

Hypothesis: In Great Britain, 24% of soil samples taken from public parks contained T. canis eggs.


Premise: What radio station introduced the term "soft rock"?

Hypothesis: WEEI-FM in Boston was the first station to use the term "soft rock", with ad slogans such as, "Fleetwood Mac ... without the yack" and "Joni ... without the baloney".


Premise: Which body system are a person's lungs a major proponent of?

Hypothesis: Sex differences are apparent as males tend to develop "larger hearts and lungs, higher systolic blood pressure, a lower resting heart rate, a greater capacity for carrying oxygen to the blood, a greater power for neutralizing the chemical products of muscular exercise, higher blood hemoglobin and more red blood cells".


Premise: What did Professor Grimm's last email accuse Imperial College of before his death?

Hypothesis: In September 2014, Professor Stefan Grimm, of the Department of Medicine, was found dead after being threatened with dismissal for failure to raise enough grant money.


Premise: What god was the father of Romulus and Remus?

Hypothesis: The myth of a Trojan founding with Greek influence was reconciled through an elaborate genealogy (the Latin kings of Alba Longa) with the well-known legend of Rome's founding by Romulus and Remus.


Premise: What was the median age for viewers for season one?

Hypothesis: was 47.2 compared to a median age of 32.1 in its first season.


Premise: What things are important to the economy of Richmond?

Hypothesis: The city is home to both the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, one of 13 United States courts of appeals, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, one of 12 Federal Reserve Banks.


Premise: Safavid Iran peaked during whose reign?

Hypothesis: Following a gradual decline in the late 1600s and early 1700s, which was caused by the internal conflicts, the continuous wars with the Ottomans, and the foreign interference (most notably the Russian interference), the Safavid rule was ended by the Pashtun rebels who besieged Isfahan and defeated Soltan Hosein in 1722.


Premise: At what point could Athanasius return to Alexandria?

Hypothesis: When Emperor Constantine I died, Athanasius was allowed to return to his See of Alexandria.


Premise: When was ile aux Cygnes created?

Hypothesis: At its origin, before the Middle Ages, the city was composed around several islands and sandbanks in a bend of the Seine; of those, two remain today: the île Saint-Louis, the île de la Cité; a third one is the 1827 artificially created île aux Cygnes.


Premise: How many kilometers long is the track in Byrd Park?

Hypothesis: Byrd Park features a one-mile (1.6 km) running track, with exercise stops, a public dog park, and a number of small lakes for small boats, as well as two monuments, Buddha house, and an amphitheatre.


Premise: What political leaning does Mexico City take?

Hypothesis: The politics pursued by the administrations of heads of government in Mexico City since the second half of the 20th century have usually been more liberal than those of the rest of the country, whether with the support of the federal government—as was the case with the approval of several comprehensive environmental laws in the 1980s—or through laws recently approved by the Legislative Assembly.


Premise: What was the rhyme dictionary called that was published by Kangxi?

Hypothesis: The Kangxi Emperor sponsored the Peiwen Yunfu, a rhyme dictionary published in 1711, and the Kangxi Dictionary published in 1716, which remains to this day an authoritative reference.


Premise: What 1990s comic line featured futuristic, sci-fi stories?

Hypothesis: Marvel earned a great deal of money and recognition during the comic book boom of the early 1990s, launching the successful 2099 line of comics set in the future (Spider-Man 2099, etc.) and the creatively daring though commercially unsuccessful Razorline imprint of superhero comics created by novelist and filmmaker Clive Barker.


Premise: What political party was Morse in?

Hypothesis: In 1970, Kerry had considered running for Congress in the Democratic primary against hawkish Democrat Philip J. Philbin of Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district, but deferred in favour of Robert Drinan, a Jesuit priest and anti-war activist, who went on to defeat Philbin.


Premise: Who was charged with brining to trial large numbers of Nazi collaborators?

Hypothesis: Yugoslav intelligence was charged with imprisoning and bringing to trial large numbers of Nazi collaborators; controversially, this included Catholic clergymen due to the widespread involvement of Croatian Catholic clergy with the Ustaša regime.


Premise: What is the shape of Southside Speedway?

Hypothesis: Auto racing is also popular in the area.


Premise: How does the cost of attending BYU compare to the cost of attending similar universities?

Hypothesis: An education at BYU is also less expensive than at similar private universities, since "a significant portion" of the cost of operating the university is subsidized by the church's tithing funds.


Premise: Who was assassinated on 1 March 2009?

Hypothesis: On 2 March 2009, however, Vieira was assassinated by what preliminary reports indicated to be a group of soldiers avenging the death of the head of joint chiefs of staff, General Batista Tagme Na Wai.


Premise: In 2006, what prompted the women's soccer team coach, Jenny Haigh,  to resign?

Hypothesis: In 2006, the Northwestern women's soccer team was suspended and coach Jenny Haigh resigned following the release of images of alleged hazing.


Premise: What was William James' nationality?

Hypothesis: James was an American psychologist and philosopher who wrote about educational psychology, psychology of religious experience/mysticism, and the philosophy of pragmatism.


Premise: Beyonce has the same number of writing credits on number one singles as whom?

Hypothesis: She is tied with American songwriter Diane Warren at third with nine songwriting credits on number-one singles.


Premise: Which company provides the ability to connect to iPods as a standard feature in their automobiles?

Hypothesis: Scion offers standard iPod connectivity on all their cars.


Premise: Who tried to establish a rival foothold at Bolama?

Hypothesis: But by the 19th century the Portuguese were sufficiently secure in Bissau to regard the neighbouring coastline as their own special territory, also up north in part of present South Senegal.


Premise: What is distinct from the self?

Hypothesis: From the vantage point of self-psychology, there are two areas of interest: the processes by which a self is formed (the "I"), and the actual content of the schemata which compose the self-concept (the "Me").


Premise: Authors Bronkhorst and Anderson claim the four truths bacame a substitution for what?

Hypothesis: According to Bronkhorst, the four truths may not have been formulated in earliest Buddhism, and did not serve in earliest Buddhism as a description of "liberating insight".


Premise: Who is responsible for policing Southampton?

Hypothesis: Southampton's police service is provided by Hampshire Constabulary.


Premise: How many members are on the ad hoc panel that allows project exemptions for cases where a species may harmed?

Hypothesis: Five of the seven committee members must vote for the exemption to allow taking (to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect, or significant habitat modification, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct) of listed species.


Premise: What is the second largest library in the US?

Hypothesis: Queens is served by the Queens Borough Public Library, the nation's second largest public library system, while the Brooklyn Public Library serves Brooklyn.


Premise: What is the Organisation for African Unity now known as?

Hypothesis: Nigeria backed the African National Congress (ANC) by taking a committed tough line with regard to the South African government and their military actions in southern Africa.


Premise: What is breathy voice?

Hypothesis: So-called voiced aspirated consonants are nearly always pronounced instead with breathy voice, a type of phonation or vibration of the vocal folds.


Premise: What was the name of the group that started Yale's library?

Hypothesis: The group, led by James Pierpont, is now known as "The Founders".[citation needed]


Premise: Who recently researched the original observation of Neptune?

Hypothesis: Some of the earliest recorded observations ever made through a telescope, Galileo's drawings on 28 December 1612 and 27 January 1613, contain plotted points that match up with what is now known to be the position of Neptune.


Premise: What was the population of New Haven according to the 2010 Census?

Hypothesis: It is the second-largest city in Connecticut (after Bridgeport), with a population of 129,779 people as of the 2010 United States Census.


Premise: What was Pelayos' plan?

Hypothesis: Pelayos' plan was to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors.


Premise: What is Madonna's real name?

Hypothesis: Often referred to as the "Queen of Pop", she is often cited as an influence by other artists.


Hypothesis: According to both Bronkhorst and Anderson, the four truths became a substitution for prajna, or "liberating insight", in the suttas in those texts where "liberating insight" was preceded by the four jhanas.


Premise: Which district surrounds Columbia University?

Hypothesis: East of Amsterdam, Seminary Row bends south along Morningside Park and is resigned as Morningside Drive (Ninth Avenue).


Premise: What is an example of a gymnosperm?

Hypothesis: The dominant land plant species of the time were gymnosperms, which are vascular, cone-bearing, non-flowering plants such as conifers that produce seeds without a coating.


Premise: What results came from von Neumann's deep analysis of the measurement problem?

Hypothesis: He concluded that the entire physical universe could be made subject to the universal wave function.


Premise: How many Technische Universitäten make up the TU9 German Institutes of Technology?

Hypothesis: Technische Universitäten normally have faculties or departements of natural sciences and often of economics but can also have units of cultural and social sciences and arts.


Premise: How much of a non-vascular plant is involved in photosynthesis?

Hypothesis: do not produce ground-penetrating vascular roots and most of the plant participates in photosynthesis.


Premise: Who was the first woman to hold a belt that wasn't exclusive to women?

Hypothesis: Later, Chyna became the first female to hold a belt that was not exclusive to women when she won the Intercontinental Championship.


Premise: When did the The Neolithic 2 (PPNB) era start?

Hypothesis: The Neolithic 2 (PPNB) began around 8,800 BCE according to the ASPRO chronology in the Levant (Jericho, Israel).


Premise: What was included in the reform?

Hypothesis: zum Stein and Karl August von Hardenberg included the implementation of an Oberlandesgericht appellation court at Königsberg, a municipal corporation, economic freedom as well as emancipation of the serfs and Jews.


Premise: From whom did Chopin receive his first big endorsement?

Hypothesis: At the end of 1831, Chopin received the first major endorsement from an outstanding contemporary when Robert Schumann, reviewing the Op.


Premise: What job do many Armenian women traditionally do?

Hypothesis: Prominent Karabakh carpet weavers there were men too.


Premise: What is Jesse Prinz's profession?

Hypothesis: A sophisticated defense of this view is found in philosopher Jesse Prinz's book Gut Reactions, and psychologist James Laird's book Feelings.


Premise: On what date did the Coalition forces arrive near Paris?

Hypothesis: Napoleon returned to Paris and found that both the legislature and the people had turned against him.


Premise: The focus on learning in the 12th century is referred to as what?

Hypothesis: The renewal of learning in Europe, that began with 12th century Scholasticism, came to an end about the time of the Black Death, and the initial period of the subsequent Italian Renaissance is sometimes seen as a lull in scientific activity.


Premise: How many of Chiang Kai-Shek's troops were controlled by warlords?

Hypothesis: Of the 1,200,000 troops under Chiang's control, only 650,000 were directly controlled by his generals, and another 550,000 controlled by warlords who claimed loyalty to his government; the strongest force was the Szechuan army of 320,000 men.


Premise: How high did ''Deja Vu'' climb on the Billboard chart?

Hypothesis: B'Day also produced three other singles; "Ring the Alarm", "Get Me Bodied", and "Green Light" (released in the United Kingdom only).


Premise: How are charity or service NPOs usually organized?

Hypothesis: A very similar type of organization termed a supporting organization operates like a foundation, but they are more complicated to administer, hold more favorable tax status and are restricted in the public charities they support.


Premise: Consumer sales of MCA films began in 1978 with what movie?

Hypothesis: MCA owned the rights to the largest catalog of films in the world during this time, and they manufactured and distributed the DiscoVision releases of those films under the "MCA DiscoVision" software and manufacturing label; consumer sale of those titles began on December 15, 1978, with the aforementioned Jaws.


Premise: Who did John explore an alliance with?

Hypothesis: John seized the opportunity and went to Paris, where he formed an alliance with Philip.


Premise: When did Destiny's Child release Love Songs?

Hypothesis: In February 2013, Beyoncé signed a global publishing agreement with Warner/Chappell Music, which would cover her future songwriting and then-upcoming studio album.


Premise: Where are cases usually argued?

Hypothesis: Most cases are litigated in state courts and involve claims and defenses under state laws.


Premise: Who won the the Rugby Canada Super League championship in 2005?

Hypothesis: The Rock play their home games at Swilers Rugby Park, as did the Rugby Canada Super League champions for 2005 and 2006, the Newfoundland Rock.


Premise: What was the Historians' critical response to this view?

Hypothesis: At the time it was a useful propaganda tool for home and foreign consumption.


Premise: What are the three most used Anatolian and central asian instruments in Ottoman Classical music?

Hypothesis: Because of a geographic and cultural divide between the capital and other areas, two broadly distinct styles of music arose in the Ottoman Empire: Ottoman classical music, and folk music.


Premise: When did John leave for Poitou?

Hypothesis: John was optimistic, as he had successfully built up alliances with the Emperor Otto, Renaud of Boulogne and Count Ferdinand of Flanders; he was enjoying papal favour; and he had successfully built up substantial funds to pay for the deployment of his experienced army.


Premise: In which year did Detroit celebrate it's 300th anniversary?

Hypothesis: The park has been cited as one of the best public spaces in the United States.


Premise: In what language is the Qur'an written?

Hypothesis: Although, especially since the 1960s, the Darijas are occupying an increasing use and influence in the cultural life of these countries.


Premise: What was a typical recording time of a song in 1948?

Hypothesis: The same was true of John Raitt's performance of the song on the original cast album of Carousel, which had been issued on a 78-rpm album set by American Decca in 1945.


Premise: When was the theory of plant hormones introduced?

Hypothesis: The finding in 1939 that plant callus could be maintained in culture containing IAA, followed by the observation in 1947 that it could be induced to form roots and shoots by controlling the concentration of growth hormones were key steps in the development of plant biotechnology and genetic modification.


Premise: What month did Bell go to Boston?

Hypothesis: Traveling to Boston in April 1871, Bell proved successful in training the school's instructors.


Premise: Who's liberal political ideas influenced the Whigs?

Hypothesis: As the century wore on, the factions slowly began to adopt more coherent political tendencies as the interests of their power bases began to diverge.


Premise: Are demand side solar technologies generally active or passive?

Hypothesis: Passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties, designing spaces that naturally circulate air, and referencing the position of a building to the Sun.


Premise: Who spoke against Victoria at Trafalgar Square?

Hypothesis: A republican rally in Trafalgar Square demanded Victoria's removal, and Radical MPs spoke against her.


Premise: Neurogenesis is the process of what?

Hypothesis: There are, however, a few areas where new neurons continue to be generated throughout life.


Premise: How long was Sanskrit a language of culture?

Hypothesis: For nearly 2000 years, Sanskrit was the language of a cultural order that exerted influence across South Asia, Inner Asia, Southeast Asia, and to a certain extent East Asia.


Premise: What is included at the end of Glory?

Hypothesis: Blue Ivy's cries are included at the end of the song, and she was officially credited as "B.I.C." on it.


Premise: How many times has KU won the national debate championship?

Hypothesis: Kansas has won the tournament 5 times (1954, 1970, 1976, 1983, and 2009) and had 12 teams make it to the final four.


Premise: How many gas mask were issued before the war?

Hypothesis: These were issued in the event of bombing taking place with gas before evacuation.


Premise: When was control passed to the Mamluk sultans of Egypt?

Hypothesis: In 1266 the Mamluk Sultan Baybars converted the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron into an exclusive Islamic sanctuary and banned Christians and Jews from entering, which previously would be able to enter it for a fee.


Premise: In what cardinal direction is Crownhill Fort located outside the city?

Hypothesis: On the northern outskirts of the city, Crownhill Fort is a well restored example of a "Palmerston's Folly".


Premise: What sector provides about a quarter of Southampton's available jobs?

Hypothesis: A further 19 per cent are property and other business and the third largest sector is wholesale and retail, which accounts for 16.2 percent.


Premise: Who began spring training in Hot Springs, Arkansas in 1886?

Hypothesis: After the White Stockings had a successful season in 1886, winning the National League Pennant, other teams began bringing their players to "spring training".


Premise: What changes did Microsoft make to its certification requirements in March 2013?

Hypothesis: This statistic includes shipments to channel warehouses which now need to be sold in order to make way for new shipments.


Premise: What are common applications of HEMT?

Hypothesis: Because of their high speed and low noise, HEMTs are used in satellite receivers working at frequencies around 12 GHz.


Premise: What year did season nine of American Idol first air?

Hypothesis: Ellen DeGeneres joined as a judge to replace Paula Abdul at the start of Hollywood Week.


Premise: What is the lowest point in Detroit along side?

Hypothesis: The most notable topographical feature in the city is the Detroit Moraine, a broad clay ridge on which the older portions of Detroit and Windsor sit atop, rising approximately 62 feet (19 m) above the river at its highest point.


Premise: Formal legislation cannot be regulated when officials are what?

Hypothesis: While corrupt societies may have formal legislation to protect the environment, it cannot be enforced if officials can easily be bribed.


Premise: Where was the dispersal attempt made?

Hypothesis: Authorities attempted to disperse the rally in front of Druzhba Stadium.


Premise: How long did Fox reign in the 18-49 demographics in the Nielsen ratings?

Hypothesis: For the first time in eight years, American Idol lost the leading position in both the total viewers number and the 18/49 demo, coming in second to NBC Sunday Night Football, although the strengths of Idol in its second year in the Wednesday-Thursday primetime slots helped Fox achieve the longest period of 18-49 demographic victory in the Nielsen ratings, standing at 8 straight years from 2004 to 2012.


Premise: What science university did Saudi Arabia establish?

Hypothesis: Saudi Arabia has established the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology.


Premise: What is the land are of the City of Houston?

Hypothesis: With a census-estimated 2014 population of 2.239 million people, within a land area of 599.6 square miles (1,553 km2), it also is the largest city in the Southern United States, as well as the seat of Harris County.


Premise: Who was Frédéric's trusted adviser while in Paris?

Hypothesis: His fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory, Julian Fontana, had originally tried unsuccessfully to establish himself in England; Albert Grzymała, who in Paris became a wealthy financier and society figure, often acted as Chopin's adviser and "gradually began to fill the role of elder brother in [his] life."


Premise: Who invaded Portugal in 1808?

Hypothesis: In 1808, the Portuguese royal family relocated to Brazil, because of the French invasion of Portugal.


Premise: During what span was there a famine in the Soviet Union?

Hypothesis: With the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution on December 5, 1936, the size of the RSFSR was significantly reduced.


Premise: How many symbols does each gene have?

Hypothesis: Symbols are preferably kept consistent with other members of a gene family and with homologs in other species, particularly the mouse due to its role as a common model organism.


Premise: Before landing at Alexandria, Napoleon succeeded in evading what military entity?

Hypothesis: He fought the Battle of Shubra Khit against the Mamluks, Egypt's ruling military caste.


Premise: What is Iran's highest mountain?

Hypothesis: The populous western part is the most mountainous, with ranges such as the Caucasus, Zagros and Alborz Mountains; the last contains Iran's highest point, Mount Damavand at 5,610 m (18,406 ft), which is also the highest mountain on the Eurasian landmass west of the Hindu Kush.


Premise: What format did adult comics begin to be published in?

Hypothesis: Adult-oriented and experimental comics flourished in the 1970s, such as in the experimental science fiction of Mœbius and others in Métal hurlant, even mainstream publishers took to publishing prestige-format adult comics.


Premise: What had somewhat became an international style by the early 21st century?

Hypothesis: This process began hundreds of years earlier, during the periods of European colonialism.


Premise: What year did the Rugby Football Union form?

Hypothesis: These rules included handling of the ball by "marks" and the lack of a crossbar, rules which made it remarkably similar to Victorian rules football being developed at that time in Australia.


Premise: What is another name for a one hour draw?

Hypothesis: A variant of the draw is the time-limit draw, where the match does not have a winner by a specified time period (a one-hour draw, which was once common, is known in wrestling circles as a "Broadway").


Premise: What was attributed to Paul VI and officially approved on May 9, 2014?

Hypothesis: A miracle attributed to the intercession of Paul VI was approved on 9 May 2014 by Pope Francis.


Premise: When did Chopin's relationship with Sand start to deteriorate?

Hypothesis: Chopin's relations with Sand were soured in 1846 by problems involving her daughter Solange and Solange's fiancé, the young fortune-hunting sculptor Auguste Clésinger.


Premise: Which year did PETA spark controversy with Beyonce?

Hypothesis: In 2006, the animal rights organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), criticized Beyoncé for wearing and using fur in her clothing line House of Deréon.


Premise: What is the name of the typeface family created for GE in 2014?

Hypothesis: The changes included a new corporate color palette, small modifications to the GE logo, a new customized font (GE Inspira) and a new slogan, "Imagination at work", composed by David Lucas, to replace the slogan "We Bring Good Things to Life" used since 1979.


Premise: What are spices, peppers and chilis used in?

Hypothesis: Spices, peppers and chilis are used in cooking, including Aframomum melegueta seeds (Guinea pepper).


Premise: What did the nobles lose by being denounced?

Hypothesis: Many nobles were, in actuality, really usurpers, being commoners, who moved into another part of the country and falsely pretended to noble status.


Premise: What invention led to advances in mathematics?

Hypothesis: Among the results of the Greek and Islamic influence on this period in European history was the replacement of Roman numerals with the decimal positional number system and the invention of algebra, which allowed more advanced mathematics.


Premise: What was the major hit from Queen's 1976 album?

Hypothesis: The major hit on the album was "Somebody to Love", a gospel-inspired song in which Mercury, May, and Taylor multi-tracked their voices to create a 100-voice gospel choir.


Premise: What occurs during the custom of umchwaso in Swaziland?

Hypothesis: If any girl became pregnant outside of marriage, her family paid a fine of one cow to the local chief.


Premise: Why was the US not able to provide an adequate response to the Korean invasion?

Hypothesis: The impact of the Truman administration's defense budget cutbacks were now keenly felt, as American troops fought a series of costly rearguard actions.


Premise: Are any of the structures that were built at that time still around?

Hypothesis: Even today, some of them still remain which are open to tourists.


Premise: How many people does the de Jong Concert Hall seat?

Hypothesis: The Nelke Theatre, named for one of BYU's first drama teachers, is used largely for instruction in experimental theater.


Premise: What type of impulses did Burke think could gain power through commoners' passions?

Hypothesis: Third, Burke warned that democracy would create a tyranny over unpopular minorities, who needed the protection of the upper classes.


Premise: Most computer monitors operate in what mode?

Hypothesis: 720p is commonly used for Internet distribution of high-definition video, because most computer monitors operate in progressive-scan mode.


Premise: What other training do the US Air force Personnel get during BMT?

Hypothesis: During this event, the Military Training Instructors (MTI) act as mentors and enemy forces in a deployment exercise.


Premise: On what date is the Presentation of Christ in the Temple celebrated by Anglicans?

Hypothesis: All the member churches of the Anglican Communion affirm in the historic creeds that Jesus was born of the Virgin Mary, and celebrates the feast days of the Presentation of Christ in the Temple.


Premise: Which British Prime Minister recognized the Dominions' contributions in 1917?

Hypothesis: The important contribution of the Dominions to the war effort was recognised in 1917 by the British Prime Minister David Lloyd George when he invited each of the Dominion Prime Ministers to join an Imperial War Cabinet to co-ordinate imperial policy.


Premise: New Haven is also known for a very notable architecture institution, it's name?

Hypothesis: The Yale School of Architecture has fostered this important component of the city's economy.


Premise: What Macedonian ruler helped to advance Greek beliefs and ways of life ?

Hypothesis: While the Alexandrian empire did not survive its creator's death intact, the cultural implications of the spread of Hellenism across much of the Middle East and Asia were to prove long lived as Greek became the lingua franca, a position it retained even in Roman times.


Premise: Why did the Dutch reject Britain's offer to join the alliance?

Hypothesis: The British attempted to persuade the Dutch Republic to join the alliance, but the request was rejected, as the Dutch wished to remain fully neutral.


Premise: What government was not recognized by the U.S. Army Military Government in Korea?

Hypothesis: Appointed as military governor, General Hodge directly controlled South Korea as head of the United States Army Military Government in Korea (USAMGIK 1945–48).


Premise: When did season nine premiere?

Hypothesis: Ellen DeGeneres joined as a judge to replace Paula Abdul at the start of Hollywood Week.


Premise: Where is Oxford University?

Hypothesis: One such institution is the Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents (CSAD) founded by and located centrally at Oxford University, Great Britain.


Premise: Which lodge that met in the mid 1720s was composed of English Jacobite exiles?

Hypothesis: For example, the Parisian lodge that met in the mid 1720s was composed of English Jacobite exiles.


Premise: What publication does Ken Tucker work for?

Hypothesis: Lisa de Moraes of The Washington Post noted sarcastically that "The terrorists have won" and, with a sideswipe at the show's commercialism and voting process, that the decision as to who "gets to turn this important site into just another cog in the 'Great American Idol Marketing Mandala' is in the hands of the millions of girls who have made American Idol a hit.


Premise: What was Kerry's mother's religion?

Hypothesis: The children were raised in their father's faith; John Kerry served as an altar boy.


Premise: What did Templeton argue is necessary to impose a threshold on for a population to be a subspecies?

Hypothesis: As a result, Templeton has argued that it is necessary to impose a threshold on the level of difference that is required for a population to be designated a subspecies.


Premise: What gun are FBI special agents issued?

Hypothesis: An FBI special agent is issued a Glock Model 22 pistol or a Glock 23 in .40 S&W caliber.


Premise: Springtails are also known as what?

Hypothesis: Traditional morphology-based or appearance-based systematics have usually given the Hexapoda the rank of superclass,:180 and identified four groups within it: insects (Ectognatha), springtails (Collembola), Protura, and Diplura, the latter three being grouped together as the Entognatha on the basis of internalized mouth parts.


Premise: What did the Oxford Calculators measure?

Hypothesis: The Oxford Calculators began to mathematically analyze the kinematics of motion, making this analysis without considering the causes of motion.


Premise: What was liberia's score on the 2010 Corruption Perceptions index?

Hypothesis: When seeking attention of a selection of service[clarification needed] providers, 89% of Liberians had to pay a bribe, the highest national percentage in the world according to the organization's 2010 Global Corruption Barometer.


Premise: What is the theory about leap year called?

Hypothesis: The Gregorian leap year rule (97 leap years in 400 years) was put forward by Petrus Pitatus of Verona in 1560.


Premise: How many electrical conductors, or plates, do all capacitors contain at a minimum?

Hypothesis: Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices.


Premise: Where can you find fanzines sold on Everton match days?

Hypothesis: Within the city of Liverpool support for Everton and city rivals Liverpool is not determined by geographical basis with supporters mixed across the city.


Premise: What are the African countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, and Mali referred to as in the cotton industry?

Hypothesis: The four introduced a "Sectoral Initiative in Favour of Cotton", presented by Burkina Faso's President Blaise Compaoré during the Trade Negotiations Committee on 10 June 2003.


Premise: Who was defeated near Seoul, Korea?

Hypothesis: "Task Force Lynch" (after Lieutenant Colonel James H. Lynch), 3rd Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment, and two 70th Tank Battalion units (Charlie Company and the Intelligence–Reconnaissance Platoon) effected the "Pusan Perimeter Breakout" through 106.4 miles (171.2 km) of enemy territory to join the 7th Infantry Division at Osan.


Premise: What organization owns Pier II in Piraeus?

Hypothesis: In 2013, Piraeus handled a record 3.16 million TEUs, the third-largest figure in the Mediterranean, of which 2.52 million were transported through Pier II, owned by COSCO and 644,000 were transported through Pier I, owned by the Greek state.


Premise: What is the commissioner not allowed to vote on?

Hypothesis: Puerto Rico has elections on the United States presidential primary or caucus of the Democratic Party and the Republican Party to select delegates to the respective parties' national conventions although presidential electors are not granted on the Electoral College.


Premise: From what year was Greece's levels of GDP growth above the Eurozone average?

Hypothesis: Greece achieved a real GDP growth rate of 0.7% in 2014 after 6 years of economic decline, but fell back into recession in 2015.


Premise: How do Asian countries feel about the European attitude towards Burma ?

Hypothesis: The country has close relations with neighbouring India and China with several Indian and Chinese companies operating in the country.


Premise: Who named the city Boston?

Hypothesis: The renaming, on September 7, 1630 (Old Style),[b] was by Puritan colonists from England, who had moved over from Charlestown earlier that year in quest of fresh water.


Premise: Who did an Ottoman sultan order to translate work by Ptolemy?

Hypothesis: Another example is Ali Qushji -an astronomer, mathematician and physicist originally from Samarkand- who became a professor in two madrasas, and influenced Ottoman circles as a result of his writings and the activities of his students, even though he only spent two or three years before his death in Istanbul.


Premise: At the end of 2014 what entity would handle the the transaction services for BSE-Mumbai?

Hypothesis: Hyderabad's role in the pearl trade has given it the name "City of Pearls" and up until the 18th century, the city was also the only global trading centre for large diamonds.


Premise: What type predatory lending method did Countrywide Financial use?

Hypothesis: A classic bait-and-switch method was used by Countrywide Financial, advertising low interest rates for home refinancing.


Premise: What service runs between South Lake Union and Westlake Center?

Hypothesis: Washington State Ferries, which manages the largest network of ferries in the United States and third largest in the world, connects Seattle to Bainbridge and Vashon Islands in Puget Sound and to Bremerton and Southworth on the Kitsap Peninsula.


Premise: City University London is related to what specialized business school?

Hypothesis: London is also home to many specialist arts education institutions, including the Academy of Live and Recorded Arts, Central School of Ballet, LAMDA, London College of Contemporary Arts (LCCA), London Contemporary Dance School, National Centre for Circus Arts, RADA, Rambert School of Ballet and Contemporary Dance, the Royal College of Art, the Royal College of Music and Trinity Laban.


Premise: What was so important to English mystics?

Hypothesis: For English Dominican mystics, the mystical experience was not expressed just in one moment of the full knowledge of God, but in the journey of, or process of, faith.


Premise: What is the name of the spy and hero in Ian Fleming's books?

Hypothesis: In the James Bond series by Ian Fleming, James Bond, reads The Times.


Premise: What does the Battery Charging Specification do?

Hypothesis: Additionally, there is a Battery Charging Specification (Version 1.2 – December 2010), which increases the power handling capability to 1.5 A but does not allow concurrent data transmission.


Premise: The State of Israel is divided into how many administrative districts?

Hypothesis: All of the Judea and Samaria Area and parts of the Jerusalem and North districts are not recognized internationally as part of Israel.


Premise: What was the main reason the Luftwaffe was not able to cause extensive damage with their missions?

Hypothesis: The Luftwaffe's decision in the interwar period to concentrate on medium bombers can be attributed to several reasons: Hitler did not intend or foresee a war with Britain in 1939; the OKL believed a medium bomber could carry out strategic missions just as well as a heavy bomber force; and Germany did not possess the resources or technical ability to produce four-engined bombers before the war.


Premise: What material was used to make Somali cities?

Hypothesis: Spanning the ancient, medieval and early modern periods in Greater Somalia, it also includes the fusion of Somalo-Islamic architecture with Western designs in contemporary times.


Premise: What superphylum are vertebrates in?

Hypothesis: Annelids are members of the protostomes, one of the two major superphyla of bilaterian animals – the other is the deuterostomes, which includes vertebrates.


Premise: What did Apple begin offering as standard features meant for playing DVD's?

Hypothesis: In early 2001, Apple began shipping computers with CD-RW drives and emphasized the Mac's ability to play DVDs by including DVD-ROM and DVD-RAM drives as standard.


Premise: What does the acronym PATH stand for?

Hypothesis: Like the New York City Subway, the PATH operates 24 hours a day; meaning three of the six rapid transit systems in the world which operate on 24-hour schedules are wholly or partly in New York (the others are a portion of the Chicago 'L', the PATCO Speedline serving Philadelphia, and the Copenhagen Metro).


Premise: What is the average maximum temperature in Brasilia in September?

Hypothesis: September, at the end of the dry season, has the highest average maximum temperature, 28.3 °C (82.9 °F), has major and minor lower maximum average temperature, of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) and 12.9 °C (55.2 °F), respectively.


Premise: What is the historic water-front neighborhood located in the southern area of New Haven?

Hypothesis: In addition to Downtown, centered on the central business district and the Green, are the following neighborhoods: the west central neighborhoods of Dixwell and Dwight; the southern neighborhoods of The Hill, historic water-front City Point (or Oyster Point), and the harborside district of Long Wharf; the western neighborhoods of Edgewood, West River, Westville, Amity, and West Rock-Westhills; East Rock, Cedar Hill, Prospect Hill, and Newhallville in the northern side of town; the east central neighborhoods of Mill River and Wooster Square, an Italian-American neighborhood; Fair Haven, an immigrant community located between the Mill and Quinnipiac rivers; Quinnipiac Meadows and Fair Haven Heights across the Quinnipiac River; and facing the eastern side of the harbor, The Annex and East Shore (or Morris Cove).


Premise: What was lost in Prussia's history during the Plague?

Hypothesis: Approximately one-third of East Prussia's population died in the plague and famine of 1709–1711, including the last speakers of Old Prussian.


Premise: When was Hojo Shigetoki born?

Hypothesis: He should not scandalize his name forever by holding his one and only life too dear....


Premise: What did the National Revolutionary Movement's name become?

Hypothesis: Two years later, Yhombi-Opango was forced from power and Denis Sassou Nguesso become the new president.


Premise: Non-traditional PCBs include microwave PCBs and what other type of board?

Hypothesis: Many assembled PCBs are static sensitive, and therefore must be placed in antistatic bags during transport.


Premise: From 1804-1910 was called what era?

Hypothesis: The major time divisions of classical music are as follows: the early music period, which includes the Medieval (500–1400) and the Renaissance (1400–1600) eras; the Common practice period, which includes the Baroque (1600–1750), Classical (1750–1820), and Romantic eras (1804–1910); and the 20th century (1901–2000) which includes the modern (1890–1930) that overlaps from the late 19th-century, the high modern (mid 20th-century), and contemporary or postmodern (1975–2015) eras.[citation needed]


Premise: What do respiratory organisms use as electron donors?

Hypothesis: Bacteria are further divided into lithotrophs that use inorganic electron donors and organotrophs that use organic compounds as electron donors.


Premise: For which masterpiece did Cesare Beccaria become famous?

Hypothesis: Cesare Beccaria, a jurist and one of the great Enlightenment writers, became famous for his masterpiece Of Crimes and Punishments (1764), which was later translated into 22 languages.


Premise: How is the United States treating incandescent light bulbs?

Hypothesis: Incandescent bulbs have been replaced in many applications by other types of electric light, such as fluorescent lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL), high-intensity discharge lamps, and light-emitting diode lamps (LED).


Premise: What is an example knowledge being derived from intuition?

Hypothesis: Philosophical empiricists hold no knowledge to be properly inferred or deduced unless it is derived from one's sense-based experience.


Premise: To what stadium did Arsenal FC move in 2006?

Hypothesis: Arsenal had never progressed beyond the quarter-finals of the Champions League until 2005–06; in that season they became the first club from London in the competition's fifty-year history to reach the final, in which they were beaten 2–1 by Barcelona.


Premise: What is the liturgical language of Islam?

Hypothesis: Although, especially since the 1960s, the Darijas are occupying an increasing use and influence in the cultural life of these countries.


Premise: What did some churches disapprove of?

Hypothesis: Hunting in North America in the 19th century was done primarily as a way to supplement food supplies, although it is now undertaken mainly for sport.[citation needed]


Premise: Who wrote the Communist Manifesto?

Hypothesis: Karl Marx published the Communist Manifesto in February 1848, with little attention.


Premise: What board member resigned in November 2010?

Hypothesis: As of Cathie Black's resignation in November 2010 its membership (by affiliation and year of joining) included: Alain J. P. Belda '08 (Alcoa), William R. Brody '07 (Salk Institute / Johns Hopkins University), Kenneth Chenault '98 (American Express), Michael L. Eskew '05 (UPS), Shirley Ann Jackson '05 (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), Andrew N. Liveris '10 (Dow Chemical), W. James McNerney, Jr. '09 (Boeing), James W. Owens '06 (Caterpillar), Samuel J. Palmisano '00


Premise: Who also established this retinue as well?

Hypothesis: Mieszko I of Poland (c. 935 – 25 May 992) established an elite knightly retinue from within his army, which he depended upon for success in uniting the Lekhitic tribes and preserving the unity of his state.


Premise: As of 2011, how many members were in The Renewed Presbyterian Church in Brazil?

Hypothesis: The Reformed Churches in Brazil were recently founded by the Canadian Reformed Churches with the Reformed Church in the Netherlands (liberated).


Premise: What state is achieved through knowledge?

Hypothesis: Moksha (liberation), it states, is gained through right knowledge.


Premise: What have a characteristic shape?

Hypothesis: Just as Roman letters have a characteristic shape (lower-case letters mostly occupying the x-height, with ascenders or descenders on some letters), Chinese characters occupy a more or less square area in which the components of every character are written to fit in order to maintain a uniform size and shape, especially with small printed characters in Ming and sans-serif styles.


Premise: What is the name of the Spectre assassin who tracks Bond?

Hypothesis: Moneypenny informs Bond that the information he collected leads to Mr. White, former member of Quantum, a subsidiary of Spectre.


Premise: What excuse did Napoleon use to avoid being assigned to an infantry command?

Hypothesis: In April 1795, he was assigned to the Army of the West, which was engaged in the War in the Vendée—a civil war and royalist counter-revolution in Vendée, a region in west central France on the Atlantic Ocean.


Premise: What brothers have had significant classical training?

Hypothesis: Moreover, formal training is not unique to the classical genre.


Premise: Most television sets sold since what year have an ATSC tuner?

Hypothesis: In the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have this).


Premise: What road is CCI near?

Hypothesis: Some 6,000 families of Indian descent resided in the Richmond Region as of 2011.


Premise: What precipitated the Persian Gulf War?

Hypothesis: The lead up to the war began with the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in August 1990 which was met with immediate economic sanctions by the United Nations against Iraq.


Premise: What was the name of the winning unit in the 2010 elections in Burma ?

Hypothesis: However, immediately following the elections, the government ended the house arrest of the democracy advocate and leader of the National League for Democracy, Aung San Suu Kyi, and her ability to move freely around the country is considered an important test of the military's movement toward more openness.


Premise: What shape sounds holes do these styles of mandolins have?

Hypothesis: These styles generally have either two f-shaped soundholes like a violin (F-5 and A-5), or an oval sound hole (F-4 and A-4 and lower models) directly under the strings.


Premise: If identity is a virtual site, what do boundaries supply to the virtual site?

Hypothesis: The concept of boundaries is useful here for demonstrating how identity works.


Premise: In sign languages what are not represented as instances of speech sounds?

Hypothesis: The principles of phonological analysis can be applied independently of modality because they are designed to serve as general analytical tools, not language-specific ones.


Premise: What is the name of the private cemetery in Plymouth?

Hypothesis: The mid-19th century burial ground at Ford Park Cemetery was reopened in 2007 by a successful trust and the City council operate two large early 20th century cemeteries at Weston Mill and Efford both with crematoria and chapels.


Premise: Where was an experimental 6kV DC railway built?

Hypothesis: There has, however, been interest among railroad operators in returning to DC use at higher voltages than previously used.


Premise: About how many pupils took the bullying survey?

Hypothesis: Over 40 per cent of school pupils in the city that responded to a survey claimed to have been the victim of bullying.


Premise: When was fiber-optics first patented?

Hypothesis: The photophone was a precursor to the fiber-optic communication systems which achieved popular worldwide usage in the 1980s.


Premise: With what school did Bell get his next teaching job?

Hypothesis: In the following year, Bell became professor of Vocal Physiology and Elocution at the Boston University School of Oratory.


Premise: Which element has a enthalpy of combustion at −286 kJ/mol?

Hypothesis: Hydrogen gas (dihydrogen or molecular hydrogen) is highly flammable and will burn in air at a very wide range of concentrations between 4% and 75% by volume.


Premise: What is another name for an Ottoman miniature?

Hypothesis: Ottoman illumination covers non-figurative painted or drawn decorative art in books or on sheets in muraqqa or albums, as opposed to the figurative images of the Ottoman miniature.


Premise: Where was the destination of Kaleva?

Hypothesis: On 14 June, while the world's attention was focused on the fall of Paris to Nazi Germany a day earlier, the Soviet military blockade on Estonia went into effect, two Soviet bombers downed the Finnish passenger aeroplane "Kaleva" flying from Tallinn to Helsinki carrying three diplomatic pouches from the US delegations in Tallinn, Riga and Helsinki.


Premise: In what year did the revenue of food and entertainment eclipse the output of industry?

Hypothesis: One third of the city population worked in the service industry, .


Premise: What developed along with the music developments of post-punk?

Hypothesis: Post-punk is a heterogeneous type of rock music that emerged in the wake of the punk movement of the 1970s.


Premise: According to a survey by the Kaiser Family Foundation, what percentage of parents want schools to discuss contraception with their children?

Hypothesis: Multrine also states in her article that according to a March survey by the Kaiser Family Foundation, eighty-one percent of parents want schools to discuss the use of condoms and contraception with their children.


Premise: Who is depicted in Saint Catherine's Monastery on a mosaic landscape background?

Hypothesis: On the upper wall Moses is shown in two panels on a landscape background.


Premise: What creatures did Bard experiment on?

Hypothesis: Bard found that sensory, motor, and physiological information all had to pass through the diencephalon (particularly the thalamus), before being subjected to any further processing.


Premise: What caused a setback in naive set theory at the beginning of 20th century?

Hypothesis: Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory provided a series of principles that allowed for the construction of the sets used in the everyday practice of mathematics.


Premise: Which English monarch knighted Popper?

Hypothesis: Popper won many awards and honours in his field, including the Lippincott Award of the American Political Science Association, the Sonning Prize, the Otto Hahn Peace Medal of the United Nations Association of Germany in Berlin and fellowships in the Royal Society, British Academy, London School of Economics, King's College London, Darwin College, Cambridge, and Charles University, Prague.


Premise: How much are total losses estimated to be from falling home prices?

Hypothesis: Total losses are estimated in the trillions of U.S. dollars globally.


Premise: When was the Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace signed?

Hypothesis: The following year, Shimon Peres on behalf of Israel, and Mahmoud Abbas for the PLO, signed the Oslo Accords, which gave the Palestinian National Authority the right to govern parts of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.


Premise: What is the phenomenon that shows that the French have less heart disease, even though they eat more animal fat?

Hypothesis: Comparing diets among Western countries, researchers have discovered that although the French tend to eat higher levels of animal fat, the incidence of heart disease remains low in France.


Premise: How much bigger is Mexico City's GDP's than Costa Rica's?

Hypothesis: The Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world.


Premise: Where can the future of projectile based weapons possibly be found?

Hypothesis: The future of projectile based weapons may be found in the railgun.


Premise: Whose property does the body of any wild animal killed or wounded become?

Hypothesis: However, the Chief Wildlife Warden may, if satisfied that any wild animal from a specified list has become dangerous to human life, or is so disabled or diseased as to be beyond recovery, permit any person to hunt such an animal.


Premise: When was JFK shot?

Hypothesis: Federal Records Centers are not open for public research.


Premise: What is in position to gain control over the rule of law in Thailand?

Hypothesis: According to Indian journalist Harish Khare, "The rule of law or rather the Constitution [is] in danger of being supplanted by the rule of judges."


Premise: Which class became a new military elite?

Hypothesis: Gradually, the provincial upper class was transformed into a new military elite based on the ideals of the bushi (warrior) or samurai (literally, one who serves).


Premise: What secondary school did Nasser attend?

Hypothesis: In 1928, Nasser went to Alexandria to live with his maternal grandfather and attend the city's Attarin elementary school.


Premise: What are the fringes Orthodox men wear called?

Hypothesis: Orthodox men wear a skullcap known as a kipa and often fringes called "tzitzit".


Premise: What did the British get a license to build?

Hypothesis: The gun became so important to the British war effort that they even produced a movie, The Gun, that encouraged workers on the assembly line to work harder.


Premise: False charges can be brought against a journalist who writes about what?

Hypothesis: Seeking to harm enemies becomes corruption when official powers are illegitimately used as means to this end.


Premise: What is one popular wrestling film?

Hypothesis: There have also been many fictional depictions of wrestling; the 2008 film The Wrestler received several Oscar nominations and began a career revival for star Mickey Rourke.


Premise: How many record has Carrie Underwood sold since winning American Idol?

Hypothesis: In May 2005, Carrie Underwood was announced the winner, with Bice the runner-up.


Premise: How are the relationships within the group determined?

Hypothesis: The evolutionary relationships and heredity of a group of organisms is called its phylogeny.


Premise: What did Bell rework to send music?

Hypothesis: After setting up his workshop, Bell continued experiments based on Helmholtz's work with electricity and sound.


Premise: What video game console uses infrared LEDs?

Hypothesis: LEDs are used as motion sensors, for example in optical computer mice.


Premise: When did John retake Rochester Castle?

Hypothesis: In January 1216 John marched against Alexander II of Scotland, who had allied himself with the rebel cause.


Premise: When were the timber export sanctions lifted for Liberia?

Hypothesis: In 2003, additional UN sanctions were placed on Liberian timber exports, which had risen from US$5 million in 1997 to over US$100 million in 2002 and were believed to be funding rebels in Sierra Leone.


Premise: What document was changed to cause a change in government?

Hypothesis: In that year a general election was held; and a referendum was held in December 1974 to determine whether the Gilbert Islands and Ellice Islands should each have their own administration.


Premise: On which date was the Battle of Gravelotte?

Hypothesis: It was fought about 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Metz, where on the previous day, having intercepted the French army's retreat to the west at the Battle of Mars-La-Tour, the Prussians were now closing in to complete the destruction of the French forces.


Premise: How many users were paid for in 2004?

Hypothesis: For example, in 2013, the US Army settled a lawsuit with Texas-based company Apptricity, which makes software that allows the army to track their soldiers in real time.


Premise: On what date was Little Boy detonated?

Hypothesis: Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, and that nuclear proliferation could be avoided by simply buying up all known uranium stocks, but within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world.


Premise: How many New Yorkers are of Polish ancestry?

Hypothesis: Central Asians, primarily Uzbek Americans, are a rapidly growing segment of the city's non-Hispanic white population, enumerating over 30,000, and including over half of all Central Asian immigrants to the United States, most settling in Queens or Brooklyn.


Premise: What problems did the elections face?

Hypothesis: The Soviet authorities and the Korean Communists refused to co-operate on the grounds it would not be fair, and many South Korean politicians also boycotted it.


Premise: Who published Du "Cubisme"?

Hypothesis: attaqués par des ours (Mountaineers Attacked by Bears) now at Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Joseph Csaky's Deux Femme,


Premise: What was Metrolite and Sav-o-flex materials primarily used for?

Hypothesis: In 1931, RCA Victor introduced their vinyl-based Victrolac compound as a material for some unusual-format and special-purpose records.


Premise: What team did Jeff Foley play for?

Hypothesis: An Average Guy Plays in the Arena Football League and Lives


Premise: What term do Italians use for DST that literally translates as "legal time"?

Hypothesis: In Britain, Willett's 1907 proposal used the term daylight saving, but by 1911 the term summer time replaced daylight saving time in draft legislation.


Premise: Are minority leaders usually experienced?

Hypothesis: Like the Speaker of the House, the Minority Leaders are typically experienced lawmakers when they win election to this position.


Premise: What does the OA policy cover ?

Hypothesis: In November 2014, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation announced that they are adopting an open access (OA) policy for publications and data, "to enable the unrestricted access and reuse of all peer-reviewed published research funded by the foundation, including any underlying data sets".


Premise: Who did Rousseau stay with when visiting Britain?

Hypothesis: Burke was a friend of David Hume, with whom Rousseau had stayed.


Premise: Where is the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum?

Hypothesis: With remnants of the Holocaust and artifacts relevant to Judaism, the Sherwin Miller Museum of Jewish Art of Tulsa preserves the largest collection of Jewish art in the Southwest United States.


Premise: On what date did the Olympic Flame get lit?

Hypothesis: Greece: On March 24, 2008, the Olympic Flame was ignited at Olympia, Greece, site of the ancient Olympic Games.


Premise: What is the term for a pub that brews and sells its own beer?

Hypothesis: This is usually a room or bar in the brewery itself, though the name may be applied to the nearest pub.


Premise: Who did Northwestern merge with in 1873?

Hypothesis: Northwestern admitted its first women students in 1869, and the first woman was graduated in 1874.


Premise: In what ways can the gender of God be viewed?

Hypothesis: Thus, in classical western philosophy the gender of this one-and-only deity is most likely to be an analogical statement of how humans and God address, and relate to, each other.


Premise: What is the name of the French equivalent of GRECO?

Hypothesis: Groupe d'Etats contre la corruption) was created.


Premise: What modern building material did Viollet-le-Duc teach reform Gothic designers to work with?

Hypothesis: Viollet-le-Duc compiled and coordinated an Encyclopédie médiévale that was a rich repertory his contemporaries mined for architectural details.


Premise: Beyonce has a fan base that is referred to as what?

Hypothesis: The name Bey Hive derives from the word beehive, purposely misspelled to resemble her first name, and was penned by fans after petitions on the online social networking service Twitter and online news reports during competitions.


Premise: What are the causes of secretory diarrhea?

Hypothesis: The most common cause of this type of diarrhea is a cholera toxin that stimulates the secretion of anions, especially chloride ions.


Premise: When did Chopin last appear in public?

Hypothesis: Chopin made his last public appearance on a concert platform at London's Guildhall on 16 November 1848, when, in a final patriotic gesture, he played for the benefit of Polish refugees.


Premise: Whose name is on the gate-house fronting School Yard?

Hypothesis: His name is borne by the big gate-house in the west range of the cloisters, fronting School Yard, perhaps the most famous image of the school.


Premise: What nationality was Remedios Varas?

Hypothesis: Other painters came from abroad, such as Catalan painter Remedios Varo and other Spanish and Jewish exiles.


Premise: Who starred in the TV show segment "Eyes"

Hypothesis: His first professional TV job came when he was hired to direct one of the segments for the 1969 pilot episode of Night Gallery.


Premise: How did Bush try to make light of himself after being made fun of for his demeanor during the first debate?

Hypothesis: Bush attempted to deflect criticism of what was described as his scowling demeanor during the first debate, joking at one point about one of Kerry's remarks, "That answer made me want to scowl."


Premise: Which English term is derived from the same root as the Greek, Arabic and Hebrew words for canon?

Hypothesis: the Romance-language ancestors of the English word "cane").


Premise: What was the typical weekly pay of a worker in 1925?

Hypothesis: Electrical recording preceded electrical home reproduction because of the initial high cost of the new system.


Premise: What did the Congo's name become under Ngouabi?

Hypothesis: Two years later, Yhombi-Opango was forced from power and Denis Sassou Nguesso become the new president.


Premise: Why is zinc oxide useful in photocopying products?

Hypothesis: The zinc zinc-oxide cycle is a two step thermochemical process based on zinc and zinc oxide for hydrogen production.


Premise: As Chairman of the RCC, list the first two things that Gaddafi accomplished.

Hypothesis: He outlined his Third International Theory that year, publishing these ideas in The Green Book.


Premise: What famous French leader had established the Polish state at this time?

Hypothesis: Fryderyk Chopin was born in Żelazowa Wola, 46 kilometres (29 miles) west of Warsaw, in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw, a Polish state established by Napoleon.


Premise: What agreement did the Belavezha Accords supersede?

Hypothesis: On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Russian Parliament, therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR.


Premise: What was Yeltsin doing on the tank?

Hypothesis: Thousands of Muscovites came out to defend the White House (the Russian Federation's parliament and Yeltsin's office), the symbolic seat of Russian sovereignty at the time.


Premise: In what century did Darwin write?

Hypothesis: Darwin argued that emotions actually served a purpose for humans, in communication and also in aiding their survival.


Premise: In what state is the Federal Correctional Complex in Terre Haute?

Hypothesis: The method of execution of federal prisoners for offenses under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 is that of the state in which the conviction took place.


Premise: What is Neptune's temperature in the thermosphere?

Hypothesis: For reasons that remain obscure, the planet's thermosphere is at an anomalously high temperature of about 750 K.


Premise: What is lountza?

Hypothesis: Other traditional delicacies of are meat marinated in dried coriander seeds and wine, and eventually dried and smoked, such as lountza (smoked pork loin), charcoal-grilled lamb, souvlaki (pork and chicken cooked over charcoal), and sheftalia (minced meat wrapped in mesentery).


Premise: How many days did the plane travel with the Torch team?

Hypothesis: The plane traveled a total of 137,000 km (85,000 mi) for a duration of 130 days through 21 countries and regions.


Premise: When did America establish the Environmental Protection Agency?

Hypothesis: Although the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was established in 1970 and amendments to the pesticide law in 1972, pesticide use has increased 50-fold since 1950 and 2.3 million tonnes (2.5 million short tons) of industrial pesticides are now[when?]


Premise: What became the dominant form of business organization?

Hypothesis: The creation of a modern industrial economy took place.


Premise: The region where cotton plantations were developed was known as what?

Hypothesis: More than one million slaves were transported from the Upper South to the Deep South in the antebellum years, as cotton plantations were widely developed through what became known as the Black Belt.


Premise: Along with MV Bretagne and MV Pont-Aven, what ferry operates between Plymouth and the continent?

Hypothesis: A regular international ferry service provided by Brittany Ferries operates from Millbay taking cars and foot passengers directly to France (Roscoff) and Spain (Santander) on the three ferries, MV Armorique, MV Bretagne and MV Pont-Aven.


Premise: How many ancient canons exist in the Western Church?

Hypothesis: The Apostolic Canons or Ecclesiastical Canons of the Same Holy Apostles is a collection of ancient ecclesiastical decrees (eighty-five in the Eastern, fifty in the Western Church) concerning the government and discipline of the Early Christian Church, incorporated with the Apostolic Constitutions which are part of the Ante-Nicene Fathers


Premise: What style of dress did Arab troops wear under Marwan II?

Hypothesis: The Diwan of Umar, assigning annuities to all Arabs and to the Muslim soldiers of other races, underwent a change in the hands of the Umayyads.


Premise: What does ASEAN mean?

Hypothesis: All of the states except for East Timor are members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).


Premise: Who starred in 'Empire of the Sun'?

Hypothesis: Reviewer Andrew Sarris called it the best film of the year and later included it among the best films of the decade.


Premise: What nation did Giovanni da Verrazzano serve?

Hypothesis: He claimed the area for France and named it "Nouvelle Angoulême" (New Angoulême).


Premise: What two notable guests were present during his premiere performance at Stafford House?

Hypothesis: At his first engagement, on 15 May at Stafford House, the audience included Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.


Premise: What was the first university to offer courses in liberal arts?

Hypothesis: Liberal arts were not offered until three years later at Capital University.


Premise: What countries agreed to a tripartisan agreement?

Hypothesis: After Germany entered a Tripartite Pact with Japan and Italy, Ribbentrop wrote to Stalin, inviting Molotov to Berlin for negotiations aimed to create a 'continental bloc' of Germany, Italy, Japan and the USSR that would oppose Britain and the USA.


Premise: How many people can Nanjing Olympic Sports Center's gymnasium hold?

Hypothesis: Its gymnasium has capacity of 13,000, and natatorium of capacity 3,000.


Premise: Which decade did massive job losses happen in NYC due to industrial issues?

Hypothesis: In the 1970s, job losses due to industrial restructuring caused New York City to suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates.


Premise: What could be sued for under civil or criminal law?

Hypothesis: Early court cases focused on the liability of Internet service providers (ISPs) for hosting, transmitting or publishing user-supplied content that could be actioned under civil or criminal law, such as libel, defamation, or pornography.


Premise: Where was the Ferranti Mark 1 sent to after it was developed?

Hypothesis: Built by Ferranti, it was delivered to the University of Manchester in February 1951.


Premise: How much was casino revenue in 2006?

Hypothesis: With casino revenue declining from $5.2 billion in 2006 to $2.9 billion in 2013, the state saw a drop in money from its 8% tax on those earnings, which is used to fund programs for senior citizens and the disabled.


Premise: Besides online gaming and media distribution, what other feature made the 360 influential, according to TechRadar?

Hypothesis: TechRadar deemed the Xbox 360 as the most influential game system through its emphasis of digital media distribution, Xbox Live online gaming service, and game achievement feature.


Premise: What does HP stand for?

Hypothesis: On January 8, 2004, Hewlett-Packard (HP) announced that they would sell HP-branded iPods under a license agreement from Apple.


Premise: How many numbers can a byte represent?

Hypothesis: Each byte is able to represent 256 different numbers (28 = 256); either from 0 to 255 or −128 to +127.


Premise: What genre of movie did Beyonce star in with Cuba Gooding, Jr?

Hypothesis: In 2003, Beyoncé starred opposite Cuba Gooding, Jr., in the musical comedy The Fighting Temptations as Lilly, a single mother whom Gooding's character falls in love with.


Premise: Which group eats their acquired food in a day or two?

Hypothesis: Immediate return foragers consume their food within a day or two after they procure it.


Premise: What ailment did Harper Lee's mother suffer from?

Hypothesis: Her father, a lawyer on whom Atticus was modeled, would die two years after the publication of To Kill a Mockingbird.


Premise: Which type of people might have migrated from Taiwan into Southeast Asia?

Hypothesis: They arrived in Indonesia around 2000 BC,and as they spread through the archipelago, they often settled along coastal areas and confined indigenous peoples such as Negritos of the Philippines or Papuans of New Guinea to inland regions.


Premise: Classical music can mean all Western art music or more specifically from the 1750's to when?

Hypothesis: This section is about the more specific meaning.


Premise: How does Whitehead describe the process of a typical person noticing a chair?

Hypothesis: An ordinary person looks up, sees a colored shape, and immediately infers that it is a chair.


Premise: What amendment to the Constitution did Penry v. Lynaugh address?

Hypothesis: This ruling suggests that specific explanations to the jury are necessary to weigh mitigating factors.


Premise: What type of estates did Hellenistic monarchs run their kingdoms?

Hypothesis: Macedonian and Hellenistic monarchs were expected to lead their armies on the field, along with a group of privileged aristocratic companions or friends (hetairoi, philoi) which dined and drank with the king and acted as his advisory council.


Premise: What guidelines for the Royal Institute are updated most often?

Hypothesis: The operational framework is provided by the Byelaws, which are more frequently updated than the Charter.


Premise: How many Special Operations Aviation Squadron are based at Petawawa?

Hypothesis: The Canadian Special Operations Forces Command (CANSOFCOM) is a formation capable of operating independently but primarily focused on generating special operations forces (SOF) elements to support CJOC.


Premise: Which song made a strong impression on Madonna?

Hypothesis: In 1985, Madonna commented that the first song to ever make a strong impression on her was "


Premise: Since when have Portuguese universities existed?

Hypothesis: The oldest Portuguese university was first established in Lisbon before moving to Coimbra.


Premise: How are stray earth currents kept to a manageable levels?

Hypothesis: Although the supply has an artificially created earth point, this connection is derived by using resistors which ensures that stray earth currents are kept to manageable levels.


Premise: How many chapels are on the Notre Dame campus?

Hypothesis: There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher.


Premise: What country is used as an example for limited forms of communications?

Hypothesis: In India, the anti-corruption bureau fights against corruption, and a new ombudsman bill called Jan Lokpal Bill is being prepared.


Premise: Besides economic troubles, what else could push a people into foraging?

Hypothesis: In the early 1980s, a small but vocal segment of anthropologists and archaeologists attempted to demonstrate that contemporary groups usually identified as hunter-gatherers do not, in most cases, have a continuous history of hunting and gathering, and that in many cases their ancestors were agriculturalists and/or pastoralists[citation needed] who were pushed into marginal areas as a result of migrations, economic exploitation, and/or violent conflict (see, for example, the Kalahari Debate).


Premise: What did the group advised based on the information's results ?

Hypothesis: Human Rights Watch has encouraged a complete ban on the purchase of Burmese gems based on these reports and because nearly all profits go to the ruling junta, as the majority of mining activity in the country is government-run.


Premise: who transformed happy mondays' "wrote for luck" into a dance hit?

Hypothesis: A new indie dance scene also emerged in the 90's.


Premise: What year did Mildred Burke retire?

Hypothesis: The NWA, however, ceased to acknowledge Burke as their Women's World champion in 1954, and instead acknowledged June Byers as champion after a controversial finish to a high-profile match between Burke and Byers that year.


Premise: Cases of totally drug-resistant TB have been found in what country in addition to Italy and India?

Hypothesis: Drug-resistant TB is a serious public health issue in many developing countries, as its treatment is longer and requires more expensive drugs.


Premise: Which film did Madonna starred in that was directed by Ritchie?

Hypothesis: Madonna starred in the film Swept Away, directed by Ritchie.


Premise: Taken together, they account for what percentage of the total Russian Y chromosomal pool?

Hypothesis: Taken together, they account for 95% of the total Russian Y chromosomal pool.


Premise: What countries established new orders?

Hypothesis: Appointments to the Order of the British Empire were at first made on the nomination of the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, the Viceroy of India, and the colonial governors, as well as on nominations from within the United Kingdom.


Premise: How many alcohol involved hospital admissions were there in 2006/7?

Hypothesis: It was argued that this would end the concentration of violence around 11.30 pm, when people had to leave the pub, making policing easier.


Premise: In what decade did people in New Jersey stop speaking Jersey Dutch?

Hypothesis: Jersey Dutch, on the other hand, as spoken until the 1950s in New Jersey, is a Dutch-based creole.


Premise: What South American country did Portugal discover?

Hypothesis: Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery.


Premise: When she was betrothed to Joseph, approximately how old was Mary?

Hypothesis: Mary was given to service as a consecrated virgin in the Temple in Jerusalem when she was three years old, much like Hannah took Samuel to the Tabernacle as recorded in the Old Testament.


Premise: What were the last days of the Qing dynasty marked by?

Hypothesis: The last days of the Qing Dynasty were marked by civil unrest and foreign invasions.


Premise: How can electric power plant become more power efficient?

Hypothesis: Central station electricity can often be generated with higher efficiency than a mobile engine/generator.


Premise: Who was soon allied with Caesar's adopted son following his death?

Hypothesis: After the assassination, Mark Antony formed an alliance with Caesar's adopted son and great-nephew, Gaius Octavian.


Premise: What nationality was de Beauvoir?

Hypothesis: As the city has matured, some of these have gained adornments, and many have been improved by landscaping, giving some observers a sense of "humanized" spaciousness.


Premise: The Auxiliary Fire Service had how many members in July of 1939?

Hypothesis: Many civilians who were unwilling or unable to join the military became members of the Home Guard, the Air Raid Precautions service (ARP), the Auxiliary Fire Service, and many other organisations.


Premise: What are some of the minor sports in the United Kingdom?

Hypothesis: A number of sports are popular throughout the British Isles, the most prominent of which is association football.


Premise: Structure of whom characterize England's second phase of neoclassical?

Hypothesis: In England the two phases might be characterized first by the structures of Robert Adam, the second by those of Sir John Soane.


Premise: What was canceled for this year of Idol?

Hypothesis: Idol Gives Back was canceled for this season due to the global recession at the time.


Premise: Tok Pisin might be regarded as a dialect of what language?

Hypothesis: It sees genetic relationships as paramount: the "dialects" of a "language" (which itself may be a "dialect" of a yet older language) may or may not be mutually intelligible.


Premise: How many New Haven locals were cast as extras throughout filming of the Crystal Skull?

Hypothesis: The filming of Crystal Skull involved an extensive chase sequence through the streets of New Haven.


Premise: What is the name of the Parish located in the City of Hamilton?

Hypothesis: Despite the small land mass, place names are repeated; there are, for example, two islands named Long Island, three bays named Long Bay (on Somerset, Main, and Cooper's islands), two Horseshoe Bays (one in Southampton, on the Main Island, the other at Morgan's Point, formerly Tucker's Island), there are two roads through cuttings called Khyber Pass (one in Warwick, the other in St. George's Parish), and St George's Town is located on St George's Island within St George's Parish (each known as St George's).


Premise: What are some other names the Dutch Republic is known by?

Hypothesis: The Dutch Republic, also known as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden), Republic of the United Netherlands or Republic of the Seven United Provinces (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Provinciën), was a republic in Europe existing from 1581, when part of the Netherlands separated from Spanish rule, until 1795.


Premise: Who was the chief financial correspondent of The New York Times in March 2009?

Hypothesis: Floyd Norris, the chief financial correspondent of The New York Times, wrote in a blog entry in March 2009 that the decline has not been a mirror image of the Great Depression, explaining that although the decline amounts were nearly the same at the time, the rates of decline had started much faster in 2007, and that the past year had only ranked eighth among the worst recorded years of percentage drops in the Dow.


Premise: What plan was also administered by the ECA?

Hypothesis: Tito's estrangement from the USSR enabled Yugoslavia to obtain US aid via the Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA), the same US aid institution which administered the Marshall Plan.


Premise: Who refused to hear any contradictory views about Mary and her perceived inception ?

Hypothesis: But his argument is that all men are sinners; that they are so through original depravity; that this original depravity may be overcome by the grace of God, and he adds that he does not know but that Mary may have had sufficient grace to overcome sin "of every sort" (omni ex parte).


Premise: What American is considered to have been a seminal influence in the charismatic movement?

Hypothesis: In America, Episcopalian Dennis Bennett is sometimes cited as one of the charismatic movement's seminal influence.


Premise: What is it called when an animal is altered to prevent procreation?

Hypothesis: Because of the overpopulation of dogs in some countries, many animal control agencies, such as the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), advise that dogs not intended for further breeding should be neutered, so that they do not have undesired puppies that may have to later be euthanized.


Premise: What did Mary's child avoid according to the leader of the separation ?

Hypothesis: The Holy Spirit permitted the Virgin Mary to remain a true, natural human being of flesh and blood, just as we.


Premise: What were the architectural phenomenologists hoping to expand?

Hypothesis: Robert Venturi famously defined postmodern architecture as a "decorated shed" (an ordinary building which is functionally designed inside and embellished on the outside), and upheld it against modernist and brutalist "ducks" (buildings with unnecessarily expressive tectonic forms).


Premise: What is the Chinese name for a seismometer?

Hypothesis: To better prepare for calamities, Zhang Heng invented a seismometer in 132 CE which provided instant alert to authorities in the capital Luoyang that an earthquake had occurred in a location indicated by a specific cardinal or ordinal direction.


Premise: Beyonce with Jay Z gave lots of money to bail who out of prison?

Hypothesis: Following the death of Freddie Gray, Beyoncé and Jay-Z, among other notable figures, met with his family.


Premise: what are the only two oxidation states known for zinc?

Hypothesis: No compounds of zinc in oxidation states other than +1 or +2 are known.


Premise: What was Namibia previously called?

Hypothesis: Attempts to persuade South Africa to agree to the plan's implementation were not successful until 1988 when the transition to independence finally started under a diplomatic agreement between South Africa, Angola and Cuba, with the USSR and the USA as observers, under which South Africa agreed to withdraw and demobilise its forces in Namibia.


Premise: A progam inside the ROM of a PC is called what?

Hypothesis: In general, the contents of RAM are erased when the power to the computer is turned off, but ROM retains its data indefinitely.


Premise: In the morality play, who summoned Everyman?

Hypothesis: Everyman receives Death's summons, struggles to escape and finally resigns himself to necessity.


Premise: What political office did people speculate Schwarzenegger might try for in 2010?

Hypothesis: It was rumored that Schwarzenegger might run for the United States Senate in 2010, as his governorship would be term-limited by that time.


Premise: In what time period was the Siddhanta Shiromani written?

Hypothesis: The first 12 chapters of the Siddhanta Shiromani, written by Bhāskara in the 12th century, cover topics such as: mean longitudes of the planets; true longitudes of the planets; the three problems of diurnal rotation; syzygies; lunar eclipses; solar eclipses; latitudes of the planets; risings and settings; the moon's crescent; conjunctions of the planets with each other; conjunctions of the planets with the fixed stars; and the patas of the sun and moon.


Premise: What were revised between 1951 and 1955?

Hypothesis: After the Vatican Council, in April 1969, Paul VI approved the "new Order of Mass" promulgated in 1970, as stated in the Acta Apostolica Sedis to "end experimentation" with the Mass and which included the introduction of three new Eucharistic Prayers to what was up to then a single Roman Canon.


Premise: Does IRENE require the  ability to touch the media?

Hypothesis: In some ways similar to the laser turntable is the IRENE scanning machine for disc records, which images with microphotography in two dimensions, invented by a team of physicists at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories.


Premise: With what type of facade were buildings left with if they were to completed at a later time?

Hypothesis: Because of the extensive and varied deposits of marble, many buildings were faced in marble, or were left with undecorated façade so that this might be achieved at a later date.


Premise: How does the U.S. census define "black" Americans?

Hypothesis: It includes people who indicate their race as "Black, African Am., or Negro" or who provide written entries such as African American, Afro-American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian.


Premise: Which former Miss America graduated from BYU?

Hypothesis: BYU also graduated American activist and contributor for ABC News Elizabeth Smart-Gilmour.


Premise: What company was purchased by MGM in 1981?

Hypothesis: When Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer purchased United Artists in 1981, MGM could not drop out of the CIC venture to merge with United Artists overseas operations.


Premise: In opposition to conservatives, what group has Hayek's work influenced?

Hypothesis: However, Whiggery as a political doctrine had little affinity for classical political economy, the tabernacle of the Manchester School and William Gladstone.


Premise: What is one way that videocalling can be used?

Hypothesis: New services utilizing videocalling and videoconferencing, such as teachers and psychologists conducting online sessions, personal videocalls to inmates incarcerated in penitentiaries, and videoconferencing to resolve airline engineering issues at maintenance facilities, are being created or evolving on an ongoing basis.


Premise: What can take advantage of these elements to add more gain?

Hypothesis: However, this also makes it increasingly sensitive to changes in frequency; if the signal frequency changes, not only does the active element receive less energy directly, but all of the passive elements adding to that signal also decrease their output as well and their signals no longer reach the active element in-phase.


Premise: What is the acronym for Eritrean People's Liberation Front?

Hypothesis: When Emperor Haile Selassie unilaterally dissolved the Eritrean parliament and annexed the country in 1962, the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) waged an armed struggle for independence.


Premise: How much did the Governor of Georgia budget per year to provide every child with a CD of classical music?

Hypothesis: During the 1990s, several research papers and popular books wrote on what came to be called the "Mozart effect": an observed temporary, small elevation of scores on certain tests as a result of listening to Mozart's works.


Premise: What classification of chemicals do dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline belong to?

Hypothesis: If distinguished from reactive responses of reptiles, emotions would then be mammalian elaborations of general vertebrate arousal patterns, in which neurochemicals (for example, dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin) step-up or step-down the brain's activity level, as visible in body movements, gestures and postures.


Premise: What Detroit gallery opened in 2010?

Hypothesis: Important history of America and the Detroit area are exhibited at The Henry Ford in Dearborn, the United States' largest indoor-outdoor museum complex.


Premise: On what planet can you find  protonated molecular hydrogen?

Hypothesis: This charged ion has also been observed in the upper atmosphere of the planet Jupiter.


Premise: What cannot be generally deduced from the outside?

Hypothesis: Before this the internal plan and function of the rooms can generally not be deduced from the outside.


Premise: What is the special protocol during a USB 2.0 device reset called?

Hypothesis: Because USB 3.0 uses wiring separate and additional to that used by USB 2.0 and USB 1.x, such bandwidth negotiation is not required.


Premise: What is the name of the yearly statement released by the MoD?

Hypothesis: The Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015 included £178 billion investment in new equipment and capabilities.


Premise: What does VWN stand for?

Hypothesis: Since 2008 a take-over is in progress: the Schaeffler Group from Herzogenaurach (Bavaria) holds the majority of the stock but were required due to the financial crisis to deposit the options as securities at banks.


Premise: What is human phycology?

Hypothesis: Humanistic psychology is a psychological perspective which rose to prominence in the mid-20th century in response to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and B. F. Skinner's Behaviorism.


Premise: In what year was the decision reversing the closure of the government mint implemented?

Hypothesis: This decision was reversed in 186 BC by his widow Grand Empress Dowager Lü Zhi (d. 180 BC), who abolished private minting.


Premise: Where was the Treaty of Paris signed?

Hypothesis: In compliance with article III, Russia restored to the Ottoman Empire the city and citadel of Kars in common with "all other parts of the Ottoman territory of which the Russian troop were in possession".


Premise: On what date was Fred Adams hanged?

Hypothesis: For example, Fred Adams was legally hanged in Kennett, Missouri, on April 2, 1937, within a 10-foot (3 m) wooden stockade.


Premise: Who are the leaders of each house given the responsibility of informing their group of the governor-generals actions?

Hypothesis: The governor-general then signs the bill, sending messages to the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, who notify their respective houses of the governor-general's action.


Premise: What did the new government nationalize along with land?

Hypothesis: The revolutionary army established large-scale public works programs and successfully implemented an urban and rural literacy campaign, which helped dramatically increase the literacy rate.


Premise: What producer was involved in the founding of United World Pictures?

Hypothesis: In 1945, the British entrepreneur J. Arthur Rank, hoping to expand his American presence, bought into a four-way merger with Universal, the independent company International Pictures, and producer Kenneth Young.


Premise: What cyclone badly damaged Funafuti?

Hypothesis: Cyclone Bebe in 1972 caused severe damage to Funafuti.


Premise: How many swift boats did Kerry command?

Hypothesis: On this occasion, Kerry was in tactical command of his Swift boat and two other Swift boats during a combat operation.


Premise: In what film did Spielberg cover the slave trade?

Hypothesis: In later years, his films began addressing humanistic issues such as the Holocaust (in Schindler's List), the transatlantic slave trade (in Amistad), war (in Empire of the Sun, Saving Private Ryan, War Horse and Bridge of Spies) and terrorism (in Munich).


Premise: Not only are most residents of the island members of the Anglican communion, but what else?

Hypothesis: Most residents belong to the Anglican Communion and are members of the Diocese of St Helena, which has its own bishop and includes Ascension Island.


Premise: What is the most well represented ward in Cork?

Hypothesis: A new Lord Mayor of Cork is chosen in a vote by the elected members of the council under a D'Hondt system count.


Premise: What was the mortgage delinquency rate in 2008

Hypothesis: In 2009, the US Census Bureau estimated that Floridians spent an average 49.1% of personal income on housing-related costs, the third highest percentage in the country.


Premise: When was L'Écho des savanes begun?

Hypothesis: Adult-oriented and experimental comics flourished in the 1970s, such as in the experimental science fiction of Mœbius and others in Métal hurlant, even mainstream publishers took to publishing prestige-format adult comics.


Premise: What kind of printing press helped increase the circulation and influence of The Times back in 1817?

Hypothesis: The increased circulation and influence of the paper was based in part to its early adoption of the steam-driven rotary printing press.


Premise: On what date in 2013 was it 15.4 degrees Fahrenheit in Kathmandu?

Hypothesis: For example, 2003 was the wettest year ever in Kathmandu, totalling over 2,900 mm (114 in) of precipitation due to an exceptionally strong monsoon season.


Premise: Where do bad and weak assets get moved in times of soverign debt crisis?

Hypothesis: Most central banks prefer to move weak assets off their balance sheets with some kind of agreement as to how the debt will continue to be serviced.


Premise: What directive in 2001 let European Union countries to enact laws that allowed making copies for personal use?

Hypothesis: The personal copying exemption in the copyright law of EU member states stems from the EU Copyright Directive of 2001, which is generally devised to allow EU members to enact laws sanctioning making copies without authorization, as long as they are for personal, noncommerical use.


Premise: Where was wrestling later showcased in North America?

Hypothesis: Originating as a popular form of entertainment in 19th-century Europe and later as a sideshow exhibition in North American traveling carnivals and vaudeville halls, professional wrestling grew into a standalone genre of entertainment with many diverse variations in cultures around the globe, and is now considered a multimillion-dollar entertainment industry.


Premise: In classical physics, an inertial reference frame is one in which an object without force does what?

Hypothesis: In general relativity, an inertial frame of reference is one that is following a geodesic of space-time.


Premise: What was the population in London in 2014?

Hypothesis: London's urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants according to the 2011 census.


Premise: Who wrote De Re Aedificatoria?

Hypothesis: The notion of style in the arts was not developed until the 16th century, with the writing of Vasari: by the 18th century, his Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects had been translated into Italian, French, Spanish and English.


Premise: What is gynephilia used to describe?

Hypothesis: Androphilia and gynephilia are terms used in behavioral science to describe sexual orientation as an alternative to a gender binary conceptualization.


Premise: Which insect displays a rudimentary sense of numbers?

Hypothesis: Some insects display a rudimentary sense of numbers, such as the solitary wasps that prey upon a single species.


Premise: How many aircraft did Britain produce in 1940?

Hypothesis: The Luftwaffe's poor intelligence meant that their aircraft were not always able to locate their targets, and thus attacks on factories and airfields failed to achieve the desired results.


Premise: How many nations do the twenty-five foreign banks represent?

Hypothesis: Twenty-five foreign banks representing 13 nations operate in Houston, providing financial assistance to the international community.


Premise: Who did John Rut write a letter to in 1527?

Hypothesis: On 3 August 1527, Rut wrote a letter to King Henry on the findings of his voyage to North America; this was the first known letter sent from North America.


Premise: In 1914 what was the name of the film company that was founded?

Hypothesis: In 1914 the Asty Films Company was founded and the production of long films began.


Premise: Which Iranian scientist discovered HbA1c to further treatment and research of diabetes?

Hypothesis: Furthering research and treatment of diabetes, HbA1c was discovered by Samuel Rahbar.


Premise: What did Charles Darwin do to address Mivart's arguments?

Hypothesis: Darwin made extensive revisions to the sixth edition of the Origin (this was the first edition in which he used the word "evolution" which had commonly been associated with embryological development, though all editions concluded with the word "evolved"), and added a new chapter VII, Miscellaneous objections, to address Mivart's arguments.


Premise: How is data accessed?

Hypothesis: Access to these data is usually provided by a "database management system" (DBMS) consisting of an integrated set of computer software that allows users to interact with one or more databases and provides access to all of the data contained in the database (although restrictions may exist that limit access to particular data).


Premise: What color did he refer to himself as?

Hypothesis: In response to an advertisement for an acting position, as a young man he said, "I am not white


Premise: Which part of the brain is important for evaluating rewards and risks?

Hypothesis: This leads to better evaluation of risks and rewards, as well as improved control over impulses.


Premise: the subsidiary forts were established to stop what?

Hypothesis: The first set of subsidiary forts were planned by the Portuguese at Montevideo in 1701 to establish a front line base to stop frequent insurrections by the Spaniards emanating from Buenos Aires.


Premise: With what religious movement do many Puerto Ricans in New Haven associate?

Hypothesis: Jews also make up a considerable portion of the population, as do Black Baptists.


Premise: What organization attempted to assassinate Nasser?

Hypothesis: Nasser led the 1952 overthrow of the monarchy and introduced far-reaching land reforms the following year.


Premise: What was the youngest age of a child working in a factory?

Hypothesis: Children as young as four were employed in production factories and mines working long hours in dangerous, often fatal, working conditions.


Premise: How many strings did the Apache fiddle have?

Hypothesis: The Apache fiddle is a single stringed instrument.


Premise: What are the two phases when steel becomes heterogenous?

Hypothesis: When this happens the carbon atoms will no longer be soluble with the iron, and will be forced to precipitate out of solution, nucleating into the spaces between the crystals.


Premise: What war was near the city?

Hypothesis: The twentieth century saw the opening of the Research Triangle Park in 1959, and with the jobs it created the region and city saw a large influx of population, making it one of the fastest growing communities in the United States by the early 21st century.


Premise: What has been the overall growth of economy since 2011?

Hypothesis: Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Egypt increased considerably before the removal of Hosni Mubarak, exceeding $6 billion in 2006, due to economic liberalisation and privatisation measures taken by minister of investment Mahmoud Mohieddin.[citation needed]


Premise: What is tetrachromatic?

Hypothesis: This allows them to perceive ultraviolet light, which is involved in courtship.


Premise: What is the origin of dukkha?

Hypothesis: Within the context of the four noble truths, the origin of dukkha is commonly explained as craving (Pali: tanha) conditioned by ignorance (Pali: avijja).