Premise: The special effects include blue light, music playing and what else?

Hypothesis: However, once the cab begins moving, the interior lights turn off and a special blue light above the cab turns on.


Premise: What did Romans sit on when they had a meal at home?

Hypothesis: The Roman poet Horace mentions another Roman favorite, the olive, in reference to his own diet, which he describes as very simple: "As for me, olives, endives, and smooth mallows provide sustenance.


Premise: How many different types of ion channels have so far been identified?

Hypothesis: The "specificity" (whether it responds to thermal, chemical or mechanical features of its environment) of a nociceptor is determined by which ion channels it expresses at its peripheral end.


Premise: What was measured in the early 20th century?

Hypothesis: In the early 20th century, Carl von Voit and Max Rubner independently measured caloric energy expenditure in different species of animals, applying principles of physics in nutrition.


Premise: What is Guam responsible for when goods both come in and leave?

Hypothesis: Since Guam is under federal immigration jurisdiction, passengers arriving directly from the United States skip immigration and proceed directly to Guam Customs and Quarantine.


Premise: What type of whales were once common in Norfolk Island, but hardly any remain today?

Hypothesis: Today, numbers of larger whales have disappeared, but even today many species such humpback whale, minke whale, sei whale, and dolphins can be observed close to shores, and scientific surveys have been conducted regularly.


Premise: While each scene has its own character and completeness, it must fit into what?

Hypothesis: While each scene has its own character and completeness it must fit into the general sequence to which it belongs.


Premise: What kind of protection did Cork have?

Hypothesis: For much of the Middle Ages, Cork city was an outpost of Old English culture in the midst of a predominantly hostile Gaelic countryside and cut off from the English government in the Pale around Dublin.


Premise: What  type of lighting uses lights that are hung or clipped to bare metal cables?

Hypothesis: A modified version of this is cable lighting, where lights are hung from or clipped to bare metal cables under tension.


Premise: From where did most non-citizen residents come?

Hypothesis: Of the non-citizen residents, 48,560 were EU or European Free Trade Association nationals and 17,426 were Cypriots with privileged status.


Premise: What did Feyman do while his son worked on software?

Hypothesis: In the late 1980s, according to "Richard Feynman and the Connection Machine", Feynman played a crucial role in developing the first massively parallel computer, and in finding innovative uses for it in numerical computations, in building neural networks, as well as physical simulations using cellular automata (such as turbulent fluid flow), working with Stephen Wolfram at Caltech.


Premise: Under whose reign did the last major building works take place?

Hypothesis: George V, who had succeeded Edward VII in 1910, had a more serious personality than his father; greater emphasis was now placed on official entertaining and royal duties than on lavish parties.


Premise: Who was the leader of the East Prussian Nazi Party?

Hypothesis: Erich Koch headed the East Prussian Nazi party from 1928.


Premise: A lamp with more energy in the yellow and red spectrum are known to be?

Hypothesis: Lower color temperature lamps have relatively more energy in the yellow and red part of the visible spectrum, while high color temperatures correspond to lamps with more of a blue-white appearance.


Premise: Who made two unsuccessful attempts on Queen Victoria's life in 1842?

Hypothesis: On 29 May 1842, Victoria was riding in a carriage along The Mall, London, when John Francis aimed a pistol at her but the gun did not fire; he escaped.


Premise: When did SEPTA service get cut?

Hypothesis: In 1981, large sections of the SEPTA Regional Rail service to the far suburbs of Philadelphia were discontinued due to lack of funding.


Premise: In England, what is hunted when "shooting" is called for?

Hypothesis: Unarmed fox hunting on horseback with hounds is the type of hunting most closely associated with the United Kingdom; in fact, "hunting" without qualification implies fox hunting.


Premise: What science displicine did Feyman encourage his sister to study?

Hypothesis: Despite their mother's disapproval of Joan's desire to study astronomy, Richard encouraged his sister to explore the universe.


Premise: What font was discontinued with the release of the slim model?

Hypothesis: As part of the release for the slim model, the console logo ceased using the "Spider-Man font" (the same font used for the title of Sony's Spider-Man 3) and the capitalized PLAYSTATION 3.


Premise: What is the origin of some Spanish words?

Hypothesis: The Germanic superstrate has had different outcomes in Spanish and Catalan.


Premise: Which Arab Caliphate defeated Iran first?

Hypothesis: The prolonged Byzantine-Sassanid Wars, most importantly the climactic Byzantine-Sassanid War of 602-628, as well as the social conflict within the Sassanid Empire, opened the way for an Arab invasion to Iran in the 7th century.


Premise: What kind of empire did Burke think the French revolutionaries wanted?

Hypothesis: Burke said: "It is not France extending a foreign empire over other nations: it is a sect aiming at universal empire, and beginning with the conquest of France".


Premise: Tibetan Buddhists have not even translated most of the what?

Hypothesis: Unlike many religions, Buddhism has no single central text that is universally referred to by all traditions.


Premise: How much did the Macintosh II sell for?

Hypothesis: The Macintosh II marked the start of a new direction for the Macintosh, as now for the first time it had an open architecture with several NuBus expansion slots, support for color graphics and external monitors, and a modular design similar to that of the IBM PC.


Premise: Which historian commented that the king's act in associating with Chamberlain as unconstitutional?

Hypothesis: This public association of the monarchy with a politician was exceptional, as balcony appearances were traditionally restricted to the royal family.


Premise: what was the policy that Universal followed in its early years?

Hypothesis: In the early years, Universal had a "clean picture" policy.


Premise: What are the fan clubs called?

Hypothesis: In addition to membership, as of 2010[update] there are 1,335 officially registered fan clubs, called penyes, around the world.


Premise: When did Apple replace their CR with line feed (LF)?

Hypothesis: To simplify matters plain text data streams, including files, on Multics used line feed (LF) alone as a line terminator.


Premise: Who was the Soviet minister who proposed German reunification?

Hypothesis: Soviet foreign minister Molotov made proposals to have Germany reunified and elections for a pan-German government, under conditions of withdrawal of the four powers armies and German neutrality, but all were refused by the other foreign ministers, Dulles (USA), Eden (UK) and Bidault (France).


Premise: What consists of very lightweight bones?

Hypothesis: The last few are fused with the pelvis to form the synsacrum.


Premise: Time in 2006 wrote that youtube harnessed the wisdom and what else of humanity?

Hypothesis: In 2006, Time praised Web 2.0 for enabling "community and collaboration on a scale never seen before", and added that YouTube "harnesses the stupidity of crowds as well as its wisdom.


Premise: What are two languages that were forced out by the spread of Arabic?

Hypothesis: Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.


Premise: What will happen if the heat from a high-power LED is not removed?

Hypothesis: Since overheating is destructive, the HP-LEDs must be mounted on a heat sink to allow for heat dissipation.


Premise: Who produced Anne of the Thousand Days?

Hypothesis: At this time, Hal B. Wallis, who had latterly worked as a major producer at Paramount, moved over to Universal, where he produced several films, among them a lavish version of Maxwell Anderson's Anne of the Thousand Days (1969), and the equally lavish Mary, Queen of Scots (1971).


Premise: What day was Kanye's first concert after the death of his mother?

Hypothesis: He dedicated a performance of "Hey Mama", as well as a cover of Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'", to his mother, and did so on all other dates of his Glow in the Dark tour.


Premise: Victoria and Albert were the guests of honor at a large ball that took place where?

Hypothesis: They visited the Exposition Universelle (a successor to Albert's 1851 brainchild the Great Exhibition) and Napoleon I's tomb at Les Invalides (to which his remains had only been returned in 1840), and were guests of honour at a 1,200-guest ball at the Palace of Versailles.


Premise: To which college did Sylvester Primer belong?

Hypothesis: Sylvester Primer of the College of Charleston wrote about aspects of the local dialect in his late 19th-century works: "Charleston Provincialisms" (1887)  and "The Huguenot Element in Charleston's Provincialisms", published in a German journal.


Premise: How much can a building's carbon footprint be reduced by switching to LEDs?

Hypothesis: Assuming the average light bulb is on for 10 hours a day, a 40-watt bulb will cause 196 pounds (89 kg) of CO_2 emission per year.


Premise: Which football captain did not participate in the relay to show support for Tibet?

Hypothesis: Indian national football captain, Baichung Bhutia refused to take part in the Indian leg of the torch relay, citing concerns over Tibet.


Premise: Which flag replaced the Soviet flag at the Kremlin?

Hypothesis: That evening at 7:32 p.m., the Soviet flag was lowered from the Kremlin for the last time and replaced with the pre-revolutionary Russian flag.


Premise: Namibia is on par with what country in terms of media and reporting?

Hypothesis: Over the past years, the country usually ranked in the upper quarter of the Press Freedom Index of Reporters without Borders, reaching position 21 in 2010, being on par with Canada and the best-positioned African country.


Premise: whats is another name for polish landed gentry?

Hypothesis: As manorial lordships were also opened to burgesses of certain privileged royal cities, not all landed gentry had a hereditary title of nobility.


Premise: Who said Beyoncé is the heir-apparent diva of the United States?

Hypothesis: In 2013, Beyoncé made the Time 100 list, Baz Luhrmann writing "no one has that voice, no one moves the way she moves, no one can hold an audience the way she does...


Premise: In what tradition of music did Brahms Wagner and Hadyn achieve fame?

Hypothesis: In the field of music, Germany claims some of the most renowned classical composers of the world including Bach, Mozart and Beethoven, who marked the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western classical music.


Premise: What companies built their first overseas research and development centers in Israel?

Hypothesis: Israel is a global leader in water conservation and geothermal energy, and its development of cutting-edge technologies in software, communications and the life sciences have evoked comparisons with Silicon Valley.


Premise: What is the highest Whitehead was trained in philosophy?

Hypothesis: Early in his life he showed great interest in and respect for philosophy and metaphysics, but it is evident that he considered himself a rank amateur.


Premise: Who was the Google product manager in 2010?

Hypothesis: Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented: "We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter."


Premise: How are the eight factors of the Noble Eightfold Path to be understood?

Hypothesis: Rather, they are understood as eight significant dimensions of one's behaviour—mental, spoken, and bodily—that operate in dependence on one another; taken together, they define a complete path, or way of living.


Premise: What did Spanish settlers introduce to Florida

Hypothesis: The Spanish introduced Christianity, cattle, horses, sheep, the Spanish language, and more to Florida.[full citation needed]


Premise: How many people were left homeless because of the earthquake?

Hypothesis: The earthquake left about 4.8 million people homeless, though the number could be as high as 11 million.


Premise: What animal was found with 17,000-year-old damage from tuberculosis?

Hypothesis: A comparison of the genes of M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in humans to MTBC in animals suggests humans did not acquire MTBC from animals during animal domestication, as was previously believed.


Premise: How many movies did Nistor dub for secret viewings in Romania?

Hypothesis: A visitor from the west gave her bootlegged copies of American movies, which she dubbed for secret viewings through Romania.


Premise: In which era was Frédéric leave a legacy of as a leading symbol?

Hypothesis: In his native Poland, in France, where he composed most of his works, and beyond, Chopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest superstars, his association (if only indirect) with political insurrection, his love life and his early death have made him, in the public consciousness, a leading symbol of the Romantic era.


Premise: What is Grove Street Cemetery famously known for?

Hypothesis: The cemetery is known for its grand Egyptian Revival gateway.


Premise: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station is located in what state?

Hypothesis: The December 6, 1957 Project Vanguard launch failure occurred at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, broadcast live in front of a US television audience.


Premise: What is produced in the lungs by coughing?

Hypothesis: Sputum may be produced from the lung by coughing but is often hard to bring up.


Premise: What is one of the famous Lima-based restaurants in Mexico City?

Hypothesis: There are branches of the exclusive Japanese restaurant Suntory, Rome's famed Alfredo, as well as New York steakhouses Morton's and The Palm, and Monte Carlo's BeefBar.


Premise: What did North America primarily hunt for?

Hypothesis: The safari method of hunting was a development of sport hunting that saw elaborate travel in Africa, India and other places in pursuit of trophies.


Premise: When Barcelona won 2009 FIFA Club World Cup, what first time feat did they accomplish?

Hypothesis: Barcelona accomplished two new records in Spanish football in 2010 as they retained the La Liga trophy with 99 points and won the Spanish Super Cup trophy for a ninth time.


Premise: Why were sled-dogs used to deliver medicine to Nome in 1925?

Hypothesis: The "Serum Run" is another sled dog race that more accurately follows the route of the famous 1925 relay, leaving from the community of Nenana (southwest of Fairbanks) to Nome.


Premise: When did the palace become the London residence for the monarchs?

Hypothesis: Originally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years.


Premise: Who was the first Archivist at the National Archives?

Hypothesis: The first Archivist, R.D.W. Connor, began serving in 1934, when the National Archives was established by Congress.


Premise: What did the agency propose to find Southwest Airlines?

Hypothesis: He also said the FAA is often too quick to bend to pressure from airlines and pilots."


Premise: What movement did the Puritans adopt in the 17th century?

Hypothesis: They largely adopted Sabbatarianism in the 17th century, and were influenced by millennialism.


Premise: Who wanted to take over Constantinople?

Hypothesis: Ottoman forces were defeated in a number of battles, and Egyptians were ready to capture Constantinople, which forced the sultan Mahmud II to seek for Russian military aid.


Premise: When did Prince Louis int to land in the south of England?

Hypothesis: Prince Louis intended to land in the south of England in May 1216, and John assembled a naval force to intercept him.


Premise: What is the current nationality of former Plymouth resident Chris Axworthy?

Hypothesis: The Right Stuff, and fictional President Bennett in Clear and Present Danger, was born in Plymouth.


Premise: What did Leatherwood call Tucson in a telegram?

Hypothesis: When rail service was established to the city on March 20, 1880, Leatherwood celebrated the fact by sending telegrams to various leaders, including the President of the United States and the Pope, announcing that the "ancient and honorable pueblo" of Tucson was now connected by rail to the outside world.


Premise: In classical electrodynamics, a charge moving in a circle should do what?

Hypothesis: In classical electrodynamics, a charge moving in a circle should radiate electromagnetic radiation.


Premise: When was Freddie Mercury's deathbed confession made?

Hypothesis: On 23 November 1991, in a prepared statement made on his deathbed, Mercury confirmed that he had AIDS.


Premise: Who was the main character of 'Bonfire of the Vanities'?

Hypothesis: In the same article, the Reverend Al Sharpton (whose fictional analogue in the novel is "Reverend Bacon") asserts that "twenty years later, the cynicism of The Bonfire of the Vanities is as out of style as Tom Wolfe's wardrobe."


Premise: What was the population increase in San Diego from 2009 to 2010?

Hypothesis: That represents a population increase of just under 7% from the 1,223,400 people, 450,691 households, and 271,315 families reported in 2000.


Premise: What is the Russian term for prime minister?

Hypothesis: In the Russian constitution the prime minister is actually titled Chairman of the government while the Irish prime minister is called the Taoiseach (which is rendered into English as prime minister), and in Israel he is Rosh HaMemshalah meaning "head of the government".


Premise: What newer artillery were Prussians using?

Hypothesis: The French were equipped with bronze, rifled muzzle-loading artillery, while the Prussians used new steel breech-loading guns, which had a far longer range and a faster rate of fire.


Premise: What ranking does Burma hold for the number of troops currently serving on active military duty ?

Hypothesis: The country ranked twelfth in the world for its number of active troops in service.


Premise: What does the skeleton consist of?

Hypothesis: The skeleton consists of very lightweight bones.


Premise: What did the partitioning of the Otto Empire bring about?

Hypothesis: More immediate to the time, the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire was a political event that redrew the political boundaries of West Asia.


Premise: When was Pope John XXIII considered "blessed?"

Hypothesis: On 3 September 2000, John XXIII was declared "Blessed" alongside Pope Pius IX by Pope John Paul II, the penultimate step on the road to sainthood after a miracle of curing an ill woman was discovered.


Premise: What had caused Victoria to be lame?

Hypothesis: Through early January, she felt "weak and unwell", and by mid-January she was "drowsy ... dazed, [and] confused".


Premise: Who starred in Johann Mouse?

Hypothesis: Notable examples are Walt Disney's Fantasia, Tom and Jerry's Johann Mouse, and Warner Bros.' Rabbit of Seville and What's Opera, Doc?.


Premise: What type of elevators are generally less costly than full commercial elevators?

Hypothesis: Construction may be less robust than in commercial designs with shorter maintenance periods, but safety systems such as locks on shaft access doors, fall arrestors, and emergency phones must still be present in the event of malfunction.


Premise: What problems with employment do Non Profits face?

Hypothesis: There are reports of major talent shortages in the nonprofit sector today regarding newly graduated workers, and NPOs have for too long relegated hiring to a secondary priority, which could be why they find themselves in the position many do.


Premise: What did Senator Heinrich's bill require?

Hypothesis: The bill would require a binding referendum to be held in Puerto Rico asking whether the territory wants to be admitted as a state.


Premise: To whom did Rothko donate Passion of Christ murals?

Hypothesis: Within five years the deep pinks and reds had begun to turn light blue, and by 1979 the paintings were ruined and had to be taken down.


Premise: How many murderers in Nevada were given a capital sentence?

Hypothesis: A 2004 Cornell University study showed that while 2.5 percent of murderers convicted nationwide were sentenced to the death penalty, in Nevada 6 percent were given the death penalty.


Premise: Investigations of what brought questions of space into questions about time?

Hypothesis: The operational definition leaves aside the question whether there is something called time, apart from the counting activity just mentioned, that flows and that can be measured.


Premise: Who is Rachel Cain?

Hypothesis: Marshall Jefferson, who would later appear with the Chicago house classic


Premise: How many municipalities is Portugal divided into?

Hypothesis: Operationally, the municipality and civil parish, along with the national government, are the only legally identifiable local administrative units identified by the government of Portugal (for example, cities, towns or villages have no standing in law, although may be used as catchment for the defining services).


Premise: In what borough is the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court located?

Hypothesis: Each borough is coextensive with a judicial district of the state Unified Court System, of which the Criminal Court and the Civil Court are the local courts, while the New York Supreme Court conducts major trials and appeals.


Premise: Who wrote the movie Stella in 1955?

Hypothesis: Notable films were Η κάλπικη λίρα (1955 directed by Giorgos Tzavellas), Πικρό Ψωμί (1951, directed by Grigoris Grigoriou), O Drakos (1956 directed by Nikos Koundouros), Stella (1955 directed by Cacoyannis and written by Kampanellis).


Premise: In what country did the Cathars grow to represent a popular movement?

Hypothesis: In France the Cathars grew to represent a popular mass movement and the belief was spreading to other areas.


Premise: Which two cities are served by major airlines?

Hypothesis: Because of limited highway access, air travel remains the most efficient form of transportation in and out of the state.


Premise: When was the Eisenhower Doctrine adopted?

Hypothesis: In January 1957, the US adopted the Eisenhower Doctrine and pledged to prevent the spread of communism and its perceived agents in the Middle East.


Premise: What was the population of the CMA in 2010?

Hypothesis: The population of the CMA was 192,326 as of 1 July 2010.


Premise: What is another name for the lounge bar?

Hypothesis: By the 20th century, the saloon, or lounge bar, had become a middle-class room[citation needed]—carpets on the floor, cushions on the seats, and a penny or two on the prices,[citation needed] while the public bar, or tap room, remained working class with bare boards, sometimes with sawdust to absorb the spitting and spillages (known as "spit and sawdust"), hard bench seats, and cheap beer[citation needed].


Premise: Where did the English adjective Swiss originate from?

Hypothesis: The English adjective Swiss is a loan from French Suisse, also in use since the 16th century.


Premise: Madonna brought which type of music to mainstream with Ray of Light?

Hypothesis: With Ray of Light, Madonna brought electronic music from its underground status into massive popularity in mainstream music scene.


Premise: How big a part did symbiosis have in the development of flowering plants and their pollinators?

Hypothesis: In some taxa of plants and insects the relationship has become dependent, where the plant species can only be pollinated by one species of insect.


Premise: From what kind of transportation has Seattle been moving away?

Hypothesis: The city has started moving away from the automobile and towards mass transit.


Premise: Who was the first emperor during the Qin dynasty?

Hypothesis: China's first imperial dynasty was the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC).


Premise: Can new methods determine a total number of bacteria species?

Hypothesis: However, even using these improved methods, the total number of bacterial species is not known and cannot even be estimated with any certainty.


Premise: What was actually the cause of Lady Flora's "pregnancy"?

Hypothesis: At the start of her reign Victoria was popular, but her reputation suffered in an 1839 court intrigue when one of her mother's ladies-in-waiting, Lady Flora Hastings, developed an abdominal growth that was widely rumoured to be an out-of-wedlock pregnancy by Sir John Conroy.


Premise: With whom does the primary responsibility for a student's leaning lie?

Hypothesis: The primary responsibility for a boy's studies lies with his House Master, but he is assisted by an additional director of studies, known as a tutor.


Premise: What eventually became a part of the grand duchy of lithuania?

Hypothesis: In Ruthenia the nobility gradually gravitated its loyalty towards the multicultural and multilingual Grand Duchy of Lithuania after the principalities of Halych and Volhynia became a part of it.


Premise: What did Wittgenstein say about logic?

Hypothesis: By combining Frege's thesis that all mathematical truths are logical with the early Wittgenstein's idea that all logical truths are mere linguistic tautologies, they arrived at a twofold classification of all propositions: the analytic (a priori) and the synthetic (a posteriori).


Premise: When did Brasilia's presidential residence open?

Hypothesis: The rooms used by the presidency for official receptions are on the landing.


Premise: What is the secondmost common surname in Melbourne's phone book?

Hypothesis: Nguyen is the second most common in Melbourne's phone book after Smith.


Premise: What is the name of festival held in Spoleto?

Hypothesis: Looking for a city that would provide the charm of Spoleto, as well as its wealth of theaters, churches, and other performance spaces, they selected Charleston, South Carolina, as the ideal location.


Premise: Where is the House of Assembly?

Hypothesis: The Confederation Building, located on Confederation Hill, is home to the House of Assembly along with the offices for the Members of the House of Assembly (MHAs) and Ministers.


Premise: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States serve as what body's five permanent members?

Hypothesis: Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members).


Premise: In what year did SME merge with another company?

Hypothesis: Out of the "Big Three" record companies, with Universal Music Group being the largest and Warner Music Group, SME is middle-sized.


Premise: How does "crosstalk" appear to the viewer?

Hypothesis: In addition, LaserDisc videos sometimes exhibit a problem known as "crosstalk".


Premise: For how long have the Arsenal inspired copy-cat clubs worn their uniforms?

Hypothesis: Arsenal's home colours have been the inspiration for at least three other clubs.


Premise: What kind of books did housebuilders use?

Hypothesis: House builders could use current architectural design in their work by combining features found in pattern books and architectural journals.


Premise: Who is the children's King?

Hypothesis: Other items includes bed races in the streets, the debauched Nit dels Mascarots, Karaoke sausage roasts, xatonades, the children's party, Vidalet, the last night of revelry, Vidalot, the talking-dance of the Mismatched Couples (Ball de Malcasats) and the children's King Caramel whose massive belly, long nose and sausage-like hair hint at his insatiable appetites.


Premise: What is the sales tax on foodstuffs in Tennessee?

Hypothesis: Food is taxed at a lower rate of 5.25%, but candy, dietary supplements and prepared food are taxed at the full 7% rate.


Premise: What film was produced by Laemmle in 1934?

Hypothesis: Laemmle, Jr. created a niche for the studio, beginning a series of horror films which extended into the 1940s, affectionately dubbed Universal Horror.


Premise: The Treaty of Paris prevented France from keeping troops in what location?

Hypothesis: Elsewhere in India, the French were to remain a military threat, particularly during the War of American Independence, and up to the capture of Pondichéry in 1793 at the outset of the French Revolutionary Wars without any military presence.


Premise: Where in India line has been converted to AC?

Hypothesis: In Portugal, it is used in the Cascais Line and in Denmark on the suburban S-train system.


Premise: What weekly publication in New Haven is issued by Yale University?

Hypothesis: New Haven is served by the daily New Haven Register, the weekly "alternative" New Haven Advocate (which is run by Tribune, the corporation owning the Hartford Courant), the online daily New Haven Independent, and the monthly Grand News Community Newspaper.


Premise: Which Atlantic writer gave a negative review of Spectre?

Hypothesis: Alyssa Rosenberg, writing for The Washington Post, stated that the film turned into "a disappointingly conventional Bond film."


Premise: To whom was human sacrifice usually attributed?

Hypothesis: " The practice was a mark of the "Other", attributed to Rome's traditional enemies such as the Carthaginians and Gauls.


Premise: What American president was a member of the Pacific War Council?

Hypothesis: The Pacific War Council was formed in Washington, on 1 April 1942, with President Franklin D. Roosevelt, his key advisor Harry Hopkins, and representatives from Britain, China, Australia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and Canada.


Premise: What term is used in Belgium and the Netherlands to refer to an institution like a German Fachhochschule?

Hypothesis: Hogeschool is used in Belgium and in the Netherlands.


Premise: When did Bronck reach the New York area?

Hypothesis: He became the first recorded European settler in the area now known as the Bronx.


Premise: When did Britain retake the Falkland Islands?

Hypothesis: The events at Suez wounded British national pride, leading one MP to describe it as "Britain's Waterloo" and another to suggest that the country had become an "American satellite".


Premise: Which famous scientist resolved these issues?

Hypothesis: Einstein resolved these problems by invoking a method of synchronizing clocks using the constant, finite speed of light as the maximum signal velocity.


Premise: Why did propsals about making the European sovereign debt assets more like the US Treasury?

Hypothesis: To make European sovereign debt assets more similar to a US Treasury, a collective guarantee of the member states' solvency would be necessary.[b]


Premise: Smaller .50 caliber and 8 millimeter guns have been used in what?

Hypothesis: Smaller weapons, typically .50 caliber or even 8 mm rifle caliber guns have been used in the smallest mounts.


Premise: Who was the 1979 NL Rookie of the Year pitcher?

Hypothesis: The deal brought 1979 NL Rookie of the Year pitcher Rick Sutcliffe from the Cleveland Indians.


Premise: Despite being located in East Belgium, Malmedy's Carnival harks purely to what area?

Hypothesis: Even if Malmedy is located in the east Belgium, near the German-speaking area, the Cwarmê is a pure walloon and Latin carnival.


Premise: The Limes Germanicus was breached in what year?

Hypothesis: After Attila's unexpected death the Hunnic Empire collapsed with the Huns disappearing as a people in Europe – who either escaped into Asia, or otherwise blended in amongst Europeans.


Premise: What economic sanction against Iranian crude oil has adversely affected the Iranian economy?

Hypothesis: Economic sanctions against Iran, such as the embargo against Iranian crude oil, have affected the economy.


Premise: What annelids make a cocoon in a ring around themselves?

Hypothesis: Oligochaetes are full hermaphrodites and produce a ring-like cocoon around their bodies, in which the eggs and hatchlings are nourished until they are ready to emerge.


Premise: When did General Clinton attack South Carolina?

Hypothesis: No local Loyalists attacked the town from the mainland side, as the British had hoped they would do.


Premise: In what year did the Russians leave Wallachia and Moldavia?

Hypothesis: The Russians evacuated Wallachia and Moldavia in late July 1854.


Premise: How did Turkey thwart the ratification of these protocols?

Hypothesis: The President had made multiple public announcements, both in Armenia and abroad, that as the leader of the political majority of Armenia he assured the ratification of the protocols if Turkey also ratified them.


Premise: To what climate change condition does Tuvalu's low elevation make it susceptible?

Hypothesis: The highest elevations are typically in narrow storm dunes on the ocean side of the islands which are prone to overtopping in tropical cyclones, as occurred with Cyclone Bebe, which was a very early-season storm that passed through the Tuvaluan atolls in October 1972.


Premise: The French invader coined his own style of mosaic named what?

Hypothesis: The most prominent artist working with mosaics in street art is the French Invader.


Premise: What does OEM stand for?

Hypothesis: The "full version software" SKU, which was more expensive but could be installed on computers without an eligible OS or none at all, was discontinued.


Premise: WHat did the commonwealth increase before it declined.

Hypothesis: The origins of the szlachta are shrouded in obscurity and mystery and have been the subject of a variety of theories.:207 Traditionally, its members were owners of landed property, often in the form of "manor farms" or so-called folwarks.


Premise: What nationality is Zayn al-Abidn Muhammed Hasayn Abu Zubaydah?

Hypothesis: Zayn al-Abidn Muhammed Hasayn Abu Zubaydah was arrested by Pakistani officials during a series of joint U.S.-Pakistan raids.


Premise: White LEDs can be made by coating what?

Hypothesis: White LEDs can also be made by coating near-ultraviolet (NUV) LEDs with a mixture of high-efficiency europium-based phosphors that emit red and blue, plus copper and aluminium-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:


Premise: Prince Alexander was the second son of whom?

Hypothesis: William IV, however, disapproved of any match with the Coburgs, and instead favoured the suit of Prince Alexander of the Netherlands, second son of the Prince of Orange.


Premise: What was the name of the Grain Intendant?

Hypothesis: Once experiments with this system yielded successful results, the government officially sponsored it and encouraged peasants to use it.


Premise: What are many long distance migrants genetically programmed to do?

Hypothesis: Many long-distance migrants appear to be genetically programmed to respond to changing day length.


Premise: What has Chief Designer Jonathan Ive been able to eliminate in Mac notebooks?

Hypothesis: Starting in 2006, Apple's industrial design shifted to favor aluminum, which was used in the construction of the first MacBook Pro.


Premise: Where is the BCCI based?

Hypothesis: During their investigation of Noriega, Kerry's staff found reason to believe that the Pakistan-based Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) had facilitated Noriega's drug trafficking and money laundering.


Premise: Which era is Layla and Majnun from?

Hypothesis: It is a tragic story of undying love much like the later Romeo and Juliet, which was itself said to have been inspired by a Latin version of Layla and Majnun to an extent.


Premise: What peace keeping effort is the Canadian Military part of?

Hypothesis: Canada maintained an aircraft carrier from 1957 to 1970 during the Cold War, which never saw combat but participated in patrols during the Cuban Missile Crisis.


Premise: when did any changes to counting procedures  happen?

Hypothesis: Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery.


Premise: What factors influence the noise-based speed?

Hypothesis: The noise-based speed is defined as the exposure that will lead to a given signal-to-noise ratio on individual pixels.


Premise: What is the oldest part of the city?

Hypothesis: Other well-known central neighborhoods include Condesa, known for its Art Deco architecture and its restaurant scene; Colonia Roma, a beaux arts neighborhood and artistic and culinary hot-spot, the Zona Rosa, formerly the center of nightlife and restaurants, now reborn as the center of the LGBT and Korean-Mexican communities; and Tepito and La Lagunilla, known for their local working-class foklore and large flea markets.


Premise: What does the term "Count Noun" mean?

Hypothesis: When used as a count noun "a culture", is the set of customs, traditions and values of a society or community, such as an ethnic group or nation.


Premise: What is the difference between the "I" signals on E2 and E5B and the civilian codes of GPS (L1-CA and L2C)?

Hypothesis: The notation of Compass signals used in this page follows the naming of the frequency bands and agrees with the notation used in the American literature on the subject, but the notation used by the Chinese seems to be different and is quoted in the first row of the table.


Premise: When was Queen Victoria born?

Hypothesis: The Duke and Duchess of Kent's only child, Victoria, was born at 4.15 a.m. on 24 May 1819 at Kensington Palace in London.


Premise: What happens after the 5 year embargo that allows Ancestry.com exclusive use of digitized records?

Hypothesis: In May 2008, the National Archives announced a five-year agreement to digitize selected records including the complete U.S. Federal Census Collection, 1790–1930, passenger lists from 1820–1960 and WWI and WWII draft registration cards.


Premise: When will the Australian migration system replace Norfolk Island's immigration policies?

Hypothesis: Until recently immigration to Norfolk Island even by other Australian citizens was heavily restricted.


Premise: Smaller .50 caliber and 8 millimeter guns have been used in what?

Hypothesis: Weapons between 20 mm and 40 mm caliber have been widely used in this role.


Premise: What was brought forth by religion in Rome?

Hypothesis: Even the most skeptical among Rome's intellectual elite such as Cicero, who was an augur, saw religion as a source of social order.


Premise: How many British cask beers were present at the 2008 European Beer Festival?

Hypothesis: This newly established Danish interest in British cask beer and the British pub tradition is reflected by the fact that some 56 British cask beers were available at the 2008 European Beer Festival in Copenhagen, which was attended by more than 20,000 people.


Premise: What was change made to corporate taxes in 2005?

Hypothesis: Economic conditions have started to improve considerably, after a period of stagnation, due to the adoption of more liberal economic policies by the government as well as increased revenues from tourism and a booming stock market.


Premise: How many attended the trials of the Black Panther in 1970?

Hypothesis: In 1970, the New Haven Black Panther trials took place, the largest and longest trials in Connecticut history.


Premise: What defined the US dollar?

Hypothesis: The U.S. dollar was created by the Constitution and defined by the Coinage Act of 1792.


Premise: How many CDs had been distrubuted around the world by 2007?

Hypothesis: By 2007, 200 billion CDs had been sold worldwide.


Premise: When was the Kingdom of Pontus founded?

Hypothesis: Despite being ruled by a dynasty which was a descendant of the Persian Achaemenid Empire it became hellenized due to the influence of the Greek cities on the Black Sea and its neighboring kingdoms.


Premise: How many subdivided Sectors does Guinea-Bissau contain?

Hypothesis: These, in turn, are subdivided into 37 Sectors.


Premise: Who introduced the first quantized model of the atom?

Hypothesis: Bohr solved this paradox with explicit reference to Planck's work: an electron in a Bohr atom could only have certain defined energies En


Premise: In Lazarus' view, what could the cognitive activity be if it was not conscious?

Hypothesis: The cognitive activity involved in the interpretation of an emotional context may be conscious or unconscious and may or may not take the form of conceptual processing.


Premise: What kind of mining did the world's first institute of technology prepare students for?

Hypothesis: In 1762 the institute ranked up to be Academia providing Higher Education courses.


Premise: What is the Carnival celebration known as in Lutheran countries?

Hypothesis: In historically Lutheran countries, the celebration is known as Fastelavn, and in areas with a high concentration of Anglicans and Methodists, pre-Lenten celebrations, along with penitential observances, occur on Shrove Tuesday.


Premise: What encouraged the change of faith ?

Hypothesis: In the religious sphere, this was a period of profound change.


Premise: What is the reason the Sahara lacks moisture?

Hypothesis: The Sahara doesn't lack precipitation because of a lack of moisture, but due to the lack of a precipitation-generating mechanism.


Premise: What may be a risk negative tactic?

Hypothesis: A look at one minority leadership strategy—partisan opposition—may suggest why it might be employed in specific circumstances.


Premise: Is H2 reactive in standard conditions?

Hypothesis: Hydrogen can form compounds with elements that are more electronegative, such as halogens (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I), or oxygen; in these compounds hydrogen takes on a partial positive charge.


Premise: Where are chalets typically used for roof construction found??

Hypothesis: Such chalets are typically found in the higher parts of the valleys, as in the Maurienne valley in Savoy, where the amount of snow during the cold months is important.


Premise: When did Armenia become a part of the World Trade Organization?

Hypothesis: The government joined the World Trade Organization on 5 February 2003.


Premise: What percentage of the Rajasthani GDP comes from tourism?

Hypothesis: Tourism accounts for eight percent of the state's domestic product.


Premise: What did Pres. Bateman replace a scheduled devotial to do following the Sept. 11th, 2001 attacks?

Hypothesis: Previous plans for the devotional were altered, as Bateman led the student body in a prayer for peace.


Premise: On What date was Pope Paul VI born?

Hypothesis: John XXIII elevated him to the College of Cardinals in 1958, and after the death of John XXIII, Montini was considered one of his most likely successors.


Premise: What are the two main prevalent infectious diseases of Mali?

Hypothesis: Medical facilities in Mali are very limited, and medicines are in short supply.


Premise: What qualities dis Whitehead state that Christians attributed to their version of God?

Hypothesis: Here Whitehead is criticizing Christianity for defining God as primarily a divine king who imposes his will on the world, and whose most important attribute is power.


Premise: What forces were sent out in support of peacekeeping?

Hypothesis: Land Forces during this period also deployed in support of peacekeeping operations within United Nations sanctioned conflicts.


Premise: What special designation does Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs possess?

Hypothesis: The bulk of the city is built upon Upper Devonian slates and shales and the headlands at the entrance to Plymouth Sound are formed of Lower Devonian slates, which can withstand the power of the sea.


Premise: How can symptoms be managed with IBS?

Hypothesis: Another possible cause of diarrhea is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which usually presents with abdominal discomfort relieved by defecation and unusual stool (diarrhea or constipation) for at least 3 days a week over the previous 3 months.


Premise: What race was typically ascribed the most desirable features?

Hypothesis: In the 18th century the differences among human groups became a focus of scientific investigation.


Premise: Who is the current president of the ECB?

Hypothesis: It is composed of the President of the Bank (currently Mario Draghi), the Vice-President (currently Vitor Constâncio) and four other members.


Premise: When did the Tertiary period begin?

Hypothesis: Body fossils going back to the mid Ordovician, from 472 to 461 million years ago, have been tentatively classified as oligochaetes, but these identifications are uncertain and some have been disputed.


Premise: What was the court seeking, in using Jefferson's letter?

Hypothesis: Jefferson's letter entered American jurisprudence in the 1878 Mormon polygamy case Reynolds v. U.S., in which the court cited Jefferson and Madison, seeking a legal definition for the word religion.


Premise: What are most decoders?

Hypothesis: Most decoders are "bitstream compliant", which means that the decompressed output that they produce from a given MP3 file will be the same, within a specified degree of rounding tolerance, as the output specified mathematically in the ISO/IEC high standard document (ISO/IEC 11172-3).


Premise: When was the Great St. Bernard Hospice built?

Hypothesis: The Benedictines had built monasteries in Lucerne, Switzerland, and Oberammergau; the Cistercians in the Tyrol and at Lake Constance; and the Augustinians had abbeys in the Savoy and one in the center of Interlaken, Switzerland.


Premise: In which basilica is the Tomb of Julii?

Hypothesis: In another great Constantinian basilica, the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem the original mosaic floor with typical Roman geometric motifs is partially preserved.


Premise: Which highway is an extension of the Chrysler Freeway?

Hypothesis: I-375 is a short spur route in downtown Detroit, an extension of the Chrysler Freeway.


Premise: Which title is CBC's flagship newscast?

Hypothesis: The CBC's flagship newscast, The National, airs Sunday through Fridays at 10:00 p.m. EST and Saturdays at 6:00 p.m. EST.


Premise: When does the Messeschnellweg change to the B6?

Hypothesis: The roads are B 3, B 6 and B 65, called Westschnellweg (B6 on the northern part, B3 on the southern part), Messeschnellweg (B3, becomes A37 near Burgdorf, crosses A2, becomes B3 again, changes to B6 at Seelhorster Kreuz, then passes the Hanover fairground as B6 and becomes A37 again before merging into A7) and Südschnellweg (starts out as B65, becomes B3/B6/B65 upon crossing Westschnellweg, then becomes B65 again at Seelhorster Kreuz).


Premise: What plants are the goal of sequencing wild forms of cotton?

Hypothesis: Once the D genome is assembled from all of this raw material, it will undoubtedly assist in the assembly of the AD genomes of cultivated varieties of cotton, but a lot of hard work remains.


Premise: How long in meters is the crossbar of a Canadian football goal?

Hypothesis: The sides of the field are marked by white sidelines, the goal line is marked in white, and white lines are drawn laterally across the field every 5 yards (4.6 m) from the goal line.


Premise: Where was Tito admitted on 7 January and again on 11 January 1980 with circulatory problems?

Hypothesis: On 7 January and again on 11 January 1980, Tito was admitted to the Medical Centre in Ljubljana, the capital city of the SR Slovenia, with circulation problems in his legs.


Premise: What can be changed in an adult organism using gene therapy techniques?

Hypothesis: For multicellular organisms, typically the embryo is engineered which grows into the adult genetically modified organism.


Premise: National Guardsmen are under the authority of who?

Hypothesis: Before 1903 members of the National Guard were considered state soldiers unless federalized (i.e., activated) by the President.


Premise: What is the purpose of networks of channels in microcolonies?

Hypothesis: These films can range from a few micrometers in thickness to up to half a meter in depth, and may contain multiple species of bacteria, protists and archaea.


Premise: What type of day were there more of in Rome?

Hypothesis: Some lasted several days, others a single day or less: sacred days (dies fasti) outnumbered "non-sacred" days (dies nefasti).


Premise: Whom did Queen eventually sign with after rejecting the Swan Song records contract?

Hypothesis: The band found the contract unacceptable and instead contacted Elton John's manager, John Reid, who accepted the position.


Premise: What type of school did Washington University first function?

Hypothesis: Although chartered as a university, for many years Washington University functioned primarily as a night school located on 17th Street and Washington Avenue in the heart of downtown St. Louis.


Premise: Along with wood carving, architecture and pottery, what is a notable Somali artistic tradition?

Hypothesis: These include artistic traditions in pottery, music, architecture, wood carving and other genres.


Premise: Which direction from Tucson is Picture Rocks?

Hypothesis: Continental Ranch (Marana), Dove Mountain (Marana), and Rancho Vistoso (Oro Valley) are all masterplanned communities located in the Northwest, where thousands of residents live.


Premise: What has survived in Nanjing's suburbs?

Hypothesis: The period of division ended when the Sui Dynasty reunified China and almost destroyed the entire city, turning it into a small town.


Premise: What is the rough estimate of the number of people killed?

Hypothesis: Twenty-six courts were established to try more than 40,000 people who had been arrested, which took until 1875 and imposed 95 death sentences, of which 23 were inflicted.


Premise: According to the 2000 United States Census, how many people were living in Atlantic City?

Hypothesis: 24.95% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.


Premise: When were the Sana'a manuscripts probably written?

Hypothesis: Interest in applying textual criticism to the Qur'an has also developed after the discovery of the Sana'a manuscripts in 1972, which possibly date back to the 7–8th centuries.


Premise: Who was the source of influence for the flat tax?

Hypothesis: In 1994, based on the economic theories of Milton Friedman, Estonia became one of the first countries to adopt a flat tax, with a uniform rate of 26% regardless of personal income.


Premise: What is the coastal plains of Iran's annual precipitation ranges?

Hypothesis: The coastal plains of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman in southern Iran have mild winters, and very humid and hot summers.


Premise: Who decided if a student earned a law degree in undergraduate madaris?

Hypothesis: The Islamic law undergraduate degree from al-Azhar, the most prestigious madrasa, was traditionally granted without final examinations, but on the basis of the students' attentive attendance to courses.


Premise: Which devotion of time was heavily influenced by the religious followers of the  Son of God ?

Hypothesis: Greek culture has evolved over thousands of years, with its beginning in the Mycenaean civilization, continuing through the Classical period, the Roman and Eastern Roman periods and was profoundly affected by Christianity, which it in turn influenced and shaped.


Premise: Why are Arabic translation efforts important to Western translation traditions?

Hypothesis: Especially after the Renaissance, Europeans began more intensive study of Arabic and Persian translations of classical works as well as scientific and philosophical works of Arab and oriental origins.


Premise: Visitors from what faith routinely visit the stupa?

Hypothesis: At the northern entrance where visitors must pass is a shrine dedicated to Ajima, the goddess of smallpox.


Premise: How many people lived in the cities?

Hypothesis: By the time of the Uruk period (c. 4100–2900 BC calibrated), the volume of trade goods transported along the canals and rivers of southern Mesopotamia facilitated the rise of many large, stratified, temple-centered cities (with populations of over 10,000 people) where centralized administrations employed specialized workers.


Premise: Along with Buddhists, what religion's devotees visit Kathmandu?

Hypothesis: Since then, tourism in Nepal has thrived; it is the country's most important industry.[citation needed]


Premise: What year did the sixth season of American Idol first air?

Hypothesis: Season six began on Tuesday, January 16, 2007.


Premise: In U.S. dollars, how much was the enormous loss Sony reported the month before Kutaragi's retirement announcement?

Hypothesis: However, they were priced at US$499 and US$599 respectively, meaning that units may have been sold at an estimated loss of $306 or $241 depending on model, if the cost estimates were correct, and thus may have contributed to Sony's games division posting an operating loss of ¥232.3 billion (US$1.97 billion) in the fiscal year ending March 2007.


Premise: How often does the temperature drop below -5 C

Hypothesis: Light night frosts are however quite common, but the temperature will dip below −5 °C (23 °F) for only a few days a year.


Premise: In what year did Bermuda enter British rule?

Hypothesis: After 1949, when Newfoundland became part of Canada, Bermuda was automatically ranked as the oldest remaining British Overseas Territory.


Premise: Was Menzies for or against nationalizing the banking system in Australia?

Hypothesis: Menzies ran strongly against Labor's plans to nationalise the Australian banking system and, following victory in the 1949 election, secured a double dissolution election for April 1951, after the Labor-controlled Senate refused to pass his banking legislation.


Premise: How many dams were damaged?

Hypothesis: A recent inspection indicated that the damage was less severe than initially feared, and it remains structurally stable and safe.


Premise: What process of breaking down cellulose do herbivores rely on for their essential nutrients?

Hypothesis: All animals' diets must provide sufficient amounts of the basic building blocks they need, up to the point where their particular biology can synthesize the rest.


Premise: What was Apple's revenue for Q3 2007?

Hypothesis: Apple ended the fiscal year 2007 with US$15.4 billion in cash and no debt.


Premise: When was Phenomenology of Spirit published?

Hypothesis: A major concern of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit (1807) and of the philosophy of Spirit that he lays out in his Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences (1817–1830) is the interrelation between individual humans, which he conceives in terms of "mutual recognition."


Premise: When was the Conference of Berlin held?

Hypothesis: With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa.


Premise: Why did Greg Dyke of London Weekend Television meet with representatives of the biggest five English football clubs in 1990?

Hypothesis: The managing director of London Weekend Television (LWT), Greg Dyke, met with the representatives of the "big five" football clubs in England in 1990.


Premise: Who has expressed dissatisfaction with the nickname "The Lord's University" in the past?

Hypothesis: In the past, some students and faculty have expressed dissatisfaction with this nickname, stating that it gives students the idea that university authorities are always divinely inspired and never to be contradicted.


Premise: What hot spring is in Jiangning?

Hypothesis: In addition, it has several natural hot springs such as Tangshan Hot Spring in Jiangning and Tangquan Hot Spring in Pukou.


Premise: How many wildcard contestants were chosen?

Hypothesis: The wildcard round returned in season eight, wherein there were three groups of twelve, with three contestants moving forward – the highest male, the highest female, and the next highest-placed singer - for each night, and four wildcards were chosen by the judges to produce a final 13.


Premise: Other than conducting a system of qualifying examinations, what was the other main objective of the meeting of CGLI?

Hypothesis: Faced with their continuing inability to find a substantial site, the Companies were eventually persuaded by the Secretary of the Science and Art Department, General Sir John Donnelly (who was also a Royal Engineer) to found their institution on the eighty-seven acre (350,000 m²) site at South Kensington bought by the 1851 Exhibition Commissioners (for GBP 342,500) for 'purposes of art and science' in perpetuity.


Premise: What was charted in 1939?

Hypothesis: In 1939, the State General Assembly chartered the Raleigh-Durham Aeronautical Authority to build a larger airport between Raleigh and Durham, with the first flight occurring in 1943.


Premise: On what date did the Coalition forces arrive near Paris?

Hypothesis: Even as Napoleon travelled to Paris, the Coalition forces crossed the frontier swept through France (arriving in the vicinity of Paris on 29 June), with the stated intent on restoring Louis XVIII to the French throne.


Premise: As what did Ban Ki-Moon introduce Elizabeth to the UN?

Hypothesis: During her visit to New York, which followed a tour of Canada, she officially opened a memorial garden for the British victims of the September 11 attacks.


Premise: Who was the ruler when the new city wall was constructed?

Hypothesis: The town grew, and during the reign of Abd al-Aziz a new city wall was built, remains of which are preserved throughout the Old City (Ciutat Vella) today.


Premise: How much does it cost to develop a new drug?

Hypothesis: If the cost of these failed drugs is taken into account, the cost of developing a successful new drug (new chemical entity, or NCE), has been estimated at about 1.3 billion USD(not including marketing expenses).


Premise: What is the fertility rate in Eriterea?

Hypothesis: The fertility rate is at about 5 births per woman.


Premise: What follows the 2N in a JEDEC EIA370?

Hypothesis: The JEDEC EIA370 transistor device numbers usually start with "2N", indicating a three-terminal device (dual-gate field-effect transistors are four-terminal devices, so begin with 3N), then a 2, 3 or 4-digit sequential number with no significance as to device properties (although early devices with low numbers tend to be germanium).


Premise: Was was unique about the dignities?

Hypothesis: Those who held 'real power' dignities were more privileged but these dignities were not hereditary.


Premise: How many monasteries were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution?

Hypothesis: Afterwards, the Central People's Government in Beijing renounced the agreement and began implementation of the halted social and political reforms.


Premise: What was Dr. Ali El Deen Hilal Dessouki's position?

Hypothesis: In 2009, Dr. Ali El Deen Hilal Dessouki, Media Secretary of the National Democratic Party (NDP), described Egypt as a "pharaonic" political system, and democracy as a "long-term goal".


Premise: Where did Benjamin Franklin believe the charge was stored in Leyden jars?

Hypothesis: Daniel Gralath was the first to combine several jars in parallel into a "battery" to increase the charge storage capacity.


Premise: What two groups are annelids traditionally divided among?

Hypothesis: Traditionally the annelids have been divided into two major groups, the polychaetes and clitellates.


Premise: What happened to the nationalists and Marxists that had helped the Islamic ruling government to depose the Shah?

Hypothesis: Although both nationalists and Marxists had initially joined with Islamists to overthrow the Shah, tens of thousands were executed by the Islamic government afterward.


Premise: What does CAF stand for?

Hypothesis: This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself.


Premise: The disparity between Planck's law and the Rayleigh-Jeans law led to what conclusion?

Hypothesis: Making an equation out of Planck's law that would reproduce the Rayleigh–Jeans law could not be done by changing the values of h, of the Boltzmann constant, or of any other constant or variable in the equation.


Premise: The terms "Near East" and "Far East" referring to areas of the globe in or contiguous to the former British Empire and the neighboring colonies fit together as a pair based on what?

Hypothesis: Both terms were used before then with local British and American meanings: the near or far east of a field, village or shire.


Premise: What does the scientific method's rationality depend on?

Hypothesis: The rationality of the scientific method does not depend on the certainty of its conclusions, but on its self-corrective character: by continued application of the method science can detect and correct its own mistakes, and thus eventually lead to the discovery of truth".


Premise: Who was the Japanese Pure Land teacher?

Hypothesis: The Japanese Pure Land teacher Genshin taught that Amitābha has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in saṃsāra.


Premise: What is the term for the belief that species have a tendency to change and adapt in a certain direction?

Hypothesis: By the mid-1870s, most scientists accepted evolution, but relegated natural selection to a minor role as they believed evolution was purposeful and progressive.


Premise: What country originally pulled iPods due to higher-than-allowed volume levels?

Hypothesis: Apple previously had to remove iPods from shelves in France for exceeding this legal limit.


Premise: What kind of conflict can arise during a show?

Hypothesis: This leads to a high level of audience participation; in fact, their reactions can dictate how the performance unfolds.


Premise: Who occupied Thailand according to the USA?

Hypothesis: The official policy of the U.S. Government is that Thailand was not an ally of the Axis, and that the United States was not at war with Thailand.


Premise: Which childhood friend worked on Spielberg's films?

Hypothesis: An example of this is his production relationship with Kathleen Kennedy who has served as producer on all his major films from E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial to the recent Lincoln.


Premise: What internet commerce company did Comcast invest in?

Hypothesis: However, MediaOne decided to accept AT&T Corporation's offer of $62 billion instead.


Premise: Who was sued for patent infringement on MP3 technology?

Hypothesis: Sisvel S.p.A. and its U.S. subsidiary Audio MPEG, Inc. previously sued Thomson for patent infringement on MP3 technology, but those disputes were resolved in November 2005 with Sisvel granting Thomson a license to their patents.


Premise: What is a protein that carries copper ions in chelation?

Hypothesis: Turacoverdin is one chemical which can cause a green hue in birds, especially.


Premise: What should a Jehovah's Witnesses prefer to paying fines?

Hypothesis: Watch Tower Society literature of the period directed that Witnesses should "never seek a controversy" nor resist arrest, but also advised members not to co-operate with police officers or courts that ordered them to stop preaching, and to prefer jail rather than pay fines.


Premise: Madonna was born to which religion?

Hypothesis: Her father's parents were immigrants from Pacentro, Italy, while her mother was of French-Canadian ancestry.


Premise: What was the fertility rate of Hyderabad according to a 2005 survey?

Hypothesis: In the 2005 National Family Health Survey, it was reported that the city's total fertility rate is 1.8,:47 which is below the replacement rate.


Premise: The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations also includes what Country in the definition of Near East?

Hypothesis: According to the National Geographic Society, the terms Near East and Middle East denote the same territories and are 'generally accepted as comprising the countries of the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian territories, Syria, and Turkey'.


Premise: What nation had a claim on the Marshall Islands as of 1874?

Hypothesis: Although the Spanish Empire had a residual claim on the Marshalls in 1874, when she began asserting her sovereignty over the Carolines, she made no effort to prevent the German Empire from gaining a foothold there.


Premise: After moving away from mathematics, what subjects did Whitehead explore?

Hypothesis: Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics.


Premise: Which disc could hold about three minutes of recording on either side?

Hypothesis: By 1910 the 10-inch (25.4 cm) record was by far the most popular standard, holding about three minutes of music or other entertainment on a side.


Premise: According to the census of 1921, what percentage of citizens were Mestizo?

Hypothesis: The last census in Mexico that asked for an individual's race, which was taken in 1921, indicated that 50.09% of the population identified as Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European descent).


Premise: What did the Organic Articles regulate in France?

Hypothesis: The sale of the Louisiana Territory to the United States doubled the size of the country and was a major event in American history.


Premise: Some passages of what Canon support the idea of intermediate stages?

Hypothesis: According to East Asian and Tibetan Buddhism, there is an intermediate state (Tibetan "bardo") between one life and the next.


Premise: What's the name of the Act that changed how Greek public institutes of technology were designated?

Hypothesis: After the N.1404/1983 Higher Education Reform Act (Ν.1404/1983 - 2916/2001 - Ν. 3549/2007 - N. 3685/2008 - N. 4009/2011) the Technological Educational Institute constitute, a parallel and equivalent with universities part of the public higher education in Greece.


Premise: During 1979-2015, Legislative Assembly terms lasted no longer than how many years?

Hypothesis: The Norfolk Island Act 1979, passed by the Parliament of Australia in 1979, is the Act under which the island was governed until the passing of the Norfolk Island Legislation Amendment Act 2015.


Premise: Who leads the Defence Medical Services?

Hypothesis: There are also three Deputy Chiefs of the Defence Staff with particular remits, Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Capability), Deputy CDS (Personnel and Training) and Deputy CDS (Operations).


Premise: The Byzantine began taking back territories during the last of what century?

Hypothesis: The Byzantine recovery of lost provinces began toward the end of the 8th century and most of the Greek peninsula came under imperial control again, in stages, during the 9th century.


Premise: Relative to the human genome, how many more genes does trichomoniasis have?

Hypothesis: At present, the highest known number of genes is around 60,000, for the protozoan causing trichomoniasis (see List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes), almost three times as many as in the human genome.


Premise: What number of Estonia's counties are over 80% ethnic Estonian?

Hypothesis: Russians make up 25.6% of the total population but account for 36% of the population in Harju county and 70% of the population in Ida-Viru county.


Premise: What are the mathmatic useful towards?

Hypothesis: Note that this now is a near field phenomenon which could not be properly accounted for using the Friis transmission equation for instance.


Premise: What does POTS stand for?

Hypothesis: The use of audio modems in the transmission line allow for the use of POTS, or the Plain Old Telephone System, in some low-speed applications, such as videotelephony, because they convert the digital pulses to/from analog waves in the audio spectrum range.


Premise: What do airside areas include?

Hypothesis: Access from landside areas to airside areas is tightly controlled at most airports.


Premise: What animals where domesticated in Burma for industry use ?

Hypothesis: Typical jungle animals, particularly tigers and leopards, occur sparsely in Myanmar.


Premise: Name some cultural universals that exist with humans today.

Hypothesis: This capacity is often thought to be unique to humans, although some other species have demonstrated similar, though much less complex abilities for social learning.


Premise: What type of supporters did Barcelona  attract?

Hypothesis: Traditionally, Espanyol was seen by the vast majority of Barcelona's citizens as a club which cultivated a kind of compliance to the central authority, in stark contrast to Barça's revolutionary spirit.


Premise: What law banned books favoring Freemasonry?

Hypothesis: The 1917 Code of Canon Law explicitly declared that joining Freemasonry entailed automatic excommunication, and banned books favouring Freemasonry.


Premise: Which past U.S. senator had lived in New Haven and graduated from Yale?

Hypothesis: Connecticut US senator Richard Blumenthal is a Yale graduate, as is former Connecticut US Senator Joe Lieberman who also was a New Haven resident for many years, before moving back to his hometown of Stamford.


Premise: Who operates the Oklahoma History Center?

Hypothesis: The Oklahoma History Center is the history museum of the state of Oklahoma.


Premise: What was the genre of BBC Japan?

Hypothesis: It ceased operations after its Japanese distributor folded.


Premise: How far back can civilizations in the Yangtze region be dated?

Hypothesis: Sichuan was referred to in ancient Chinese sources as Ba-Shu (巴蜀), an abbreviation of the kingdoms of Ba and Shu which existed within the Sichuan Basin.


Premise: Who coaches the University of Arizona's swim team?

Hypothesis: The University of Arizona Wildcats sports teams, most notably the men's basketball and women's softball teams have strong local interest.


Premise: What are groupings of similar plants?

Hypothesis: Regions with characteristic vegetation types and dominant plants as well as similar abiotic and biotic factors, climate, and geography make up biomes like tundra or tropical rainforest.


Premise: Where is the older interstate bus station?

Hypothesis: In the original city plan, the interstate buses should also stop at the Central Station.


Premise: Who became the second major party after the elections?

Hypothesis: The leftist party of SYRIZA became the second major party, with an increase from 4% to 16%.


Premise: Which historical novel records that Zhejiang had the best-equipped, strong navy force?

Hypothesis: The story depicts how the states of Wei (魏) and Shu (蜀), lack of material resources, avoided direct confrontation with the Wu.


Premise: For what movie did Beyonce receive  her first Golden Globe nomination?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé also ventured into acting, with a Golden Globe-nominated performance in Dreamgirls (2006), and starring roles in The Pink Panther (2006) and Obsessed (2009).


Premise: Regardless of beliefs, Christians all agree that Jesus has a unique what?

Hypothesis: However, "Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.


Premise: What year was Capuano elected?

Hypothesis: The northern three-fourths of the city is in the 7th district, represented by Mike Capuano since 1998.


Premise: What is one thing that was added in this project?

Hypothesis: In 1993, the city passed a massive redevelopment package known as the Metropolitan Area Projects (MAPS), intended to rebuild the city's core with civic projects to establish more activities and life to downtown.


Premise: What types of music did musicians begin to play the mandolins in?

Hypothesis: Thousands of people had learned to play the instrument.


Premise: What political party established Ireland's assembly?

Hypothesis: In 1919, the frustrations caused by delays to Irish home rule led members of Sinn Féin, a pro-independence party that had won a majority of the Irish seats at Westminster in the 1918 British general election, to establish an Irish assembly in Dublin, at which Irish independence was declared.


Premise: Who compromised hundreds of airdrops?

Hypothesis: The famous double agent Kim Philby was the British liaison to American Central Intelligence.


Premise: Which house acquitted Hastings?

Hypothesis: On 4 April 1786, Burke presented the Commons with the Article of Charge of High Crimes and Misdemeanors against Hastings.


Premise: When did Nigeria become a British protectorate?

Hypothesis: On 1 January 1901, Nigeria became a British protectorate, and part of the British Empire, the foremost world power at the time.


Premise: When was World Trade Center 3 inaugurated?

Hypothesis: Finally, in 2009, World Trade Center 3 and the World Trade Center Plaza and the Towers Square were inaugurated.


Premise: What style of sacred musical form emerged in the 1330s?

Hypothesis: From the early 13th century, the dominant sacred musical form had been the motet; a composition with text in several parts.


Premise: When did Dell fall behind Lenovo?

Hypothesis: In the shrinking PC industry, Dell continued to lose market share, as it dropped below Lenovo in 2011 to fall to number three in the world.


Premise: What did encoders base the encoding rate for each frame on?

Hypothesis: The software was only able to use a uniform bitrate on all frames in an MP3 file.


Premise: After feeling guilty for helping make an atomic bomb, Feynman went through what mental disorder?

Hypothesis: Later he describes this period as a "depression".


Premise: What did Gaddafi insist that the coup be referred to as?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi insisted that the Free Officers' coup represented a revolution, marking the start of widespread change in the socio-economic and political nature of Libya.


Premise: What does the Inner City Press now focus on?

Hypothesis: The Bronx has several local newspapers, including The Bronx News, Parkchester News, City News, The Riverdale Press, Riverdale Review, The Bronx Times Reporter, Inner City Press  (which now has more of a focus on national issues) and Co-Op City Times.


Premise: Who led the British militia to drive the French out of Fort Duquesne?

Hypothesis: Led by George Washington, they ambushed a small French force at Jumonville Glen on 28 May 1754 killing ten, including commander Jumonville.


Premise: Who is the Army Chief of Staff?

Hypothesis: The U.S. Army currently consists of 10 active divisions as well as several independent units.


Premise: Was it always held in Millennium Stadium?

Hypothesis: The final has been played at the rebuilt Wembley Stadium since it opened, in 2007.


Premise: Who made the first non stop transatlantic crossing?

Hypothesis: Regular passenger service resumed in the 1920s and the discovery of helium reserves in the United States promised increased safety, but the U.S. government refused to sell the gas for this purpose.


Premise: Whose speech did Kanye West ruin at the 2009 MTV Awards?

Hypothesis: His more publicized comments include his declaration that President George W. Bush "doesn't care about black people" during a live 2005 television broadcast for Hurricane Katrina relief, and his interruption of singer Taylor Swift at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards.


Premise: Who formerly lived at 58 West?

Hypothesis: It then continues through Spanish Harlem; when it crosses Pleasant Avenue it becomes a two‑way street and continues nearly to the East River, where for automobiles, it turns north and becomes Paladino Avenue, and for pedestrians, continues as a bridge across FDR Drive.


Premise: What was the name of one of his semi-autobiographical books?

Hypothesis: Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!


Premise: What set of mountains in the range have a different geological history?

Hypothesis: Definitions vary on the precise boundaries of the Appalachians.


Premise: What does every Kvarner town burn just before the end of the Carnival?

Hypothesis: Many towns in Croatia's Kvarner region (and in other parts of the country) observe the Carnival period, incorporating local traditions and celebrating local culture.


Premise: When is the last time a non cardinal was elected as pope?

Hypothesis: "I announce to you a great joy; we have a Pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord (first name)


Premise: Where does the lowest zone of the Alps exist?

Hypothesis: The Alpine zone, extending from tree line to snow line, is followed by the glacial zone, which covers the glaciated areas of the mountain.


Premise: What field produces most of the finding about peasants from this era?

Hypothesis: Most of the surviving information available to historians comes from archaeology; few detailed written records documenting peasant life remain from before the 9th century.


Premise: What radio DJ was originally hired as a judge in season one but declined?

Hypothesis: In the second season, New York radio personality Angie Martinez had been hired as a fourth judge but withdrew only after a few days of auditions due to not being comfortable with giving out criticism.


Premise: Jehovah Witnesses believe who will go to heaven?

Hypothesis: They interpret Revelation 14:1–5 to mean that the number of Christians going to heaven is limited to exactly 144,000, who will rule with Jesus as kings and priests over earth.


Premise: When did Madonna sign an endorsement deal with Pepsi?

Hypothesis: Madonna received positive feedback for the album, with Rolling Stone writing that it was "as close to art as pop music gets".


Premise: What country no longer celebrates Carnival?

Hypothesis: However, the Philippines, a predominantly Roman Catholic country, does not celebrate Carnival anymore since the dissolution of the Manila Carnival after 1939, the last carnival in the country.


Premise: What did Napoleon abolish in Spain in 1813, during his brother's rule there?

Hypothesis: During his brother's rule in Spain, he abolished the Spanish Inquisition in 1813.


Premise: What destroyed the Arabian oryx only advantage of speed.

Hypothesis: The use of automobiles and high-powered rifles destroyed their only advantage: speed, and they became extinct in the wild exclusively due to sport hunting in 1972.


Premise: What was a common theme to post-punk music?

Hypothesis: British music publications such as the NME and Sounds developed an influential part in this nascent post-punk culture, with writers like Jon Savage, Paul Morley and Ian Penman developing a dense (and often playful) style of criticism that drew on critical theory, radical politics and an eclectic variety of other sources.


Premise: What lady in waiting was at the heart of a 1839 court scandal?

Hypothesis: At the start of her reign Victoria was popular, but her reputation suffered in an 1839 court intrigue when one of her mother's ladies-in-waiting, Lady Flora Hastings, developed an abdominal growth that was widely rumoured to be an out-of-wedlock pregnancy by Sir John Conroy.


Premise: Who kept watch over Jesus?

Hypothesis: The Gospel of Matthew describes many women at the crucifixion, some of whom are named in the Gospels.


Premise: Who do Hindus believe lives in Mount Kailash?

Hypothesis: The Hindus consider the mountain to be the abode of Lord Shiva.


Premise: Who was the 1st Marquis of Pombal?

Hypothesis: John V died the following year and his son, Joseph I of Portugal, was crowned.


Premise: Which of Northwestern's alumni is notable for becoming the Illinois Governor and convicted felon?

Hypothesis: U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice John Paul Stevens, Supreme Court Justice and Ambassador to the United Nations Arthur Joseph Goldberg, and Governor of Illinois and Democratic presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson are among the graduates of the Northwestern School of Law.


Premise: What types of elevator hold the highest safety record?

Hypothesis: Statistically speaking, cable-borne elevators are extremely safe.


Premise: How many points does each club receive for each win?

Hypothesis: Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw.


Premise: Who called hunter-gathers the original affluent society?

Hypothesis: At the same conference, Marshall Sahlins presented a paper entitled, "Notes on the Original Affluent Society", in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherers lives as "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short," as Thomas Hobbes had put it in 1651.


Premise: How many viewers did the half-time show attract?

Hypothesis: It became the then most-watched Super Bowl halftime show in history with 114 million viewers, higher than the game itself.


Premise: What part of the world is it theorized that Indo-Iranian languages came from?

Hypothesis: The Andronovo culture is the suggested candidate for the common Indo-Iranian culture ca.


Premise: When did the Smallpox epidemic take place?

Hypothesis: Intermittent warfare lasting from July 23, 1670 until July 1695, plus the typhoons of 1671 and 1693, and in particular the smallpox epidemic of 1688, reduced the Chamorro population from 50,000 to 10,000 to less than 5,000.:86 Precipitated by the death of Quipuha, and the murder of Father San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod by local rebel chief Matapang, tensions led to a number of conflicts.


Premise: What type of snack is Rajasthan known for?

Hypothesis: Originating from the Marwar region of the state is the concept Marwari Bhojnalaya, or vegetarian restaurants, today found in many parts of India, which offer vegetarian food of the Marwari people.


Premise: Which trophy was awarded to a Canadian football champion beginning in 1909?

Hypothesis: The Ontario Rugby Football Union, the last amateur organization to compete for the trophy, withdrew from competition in 1954.


Premise: What use did the odometer cart provide?

Hypothesis: The odometer cart, invented during Han, measured journey lengths, using mechanical figures banging drums and gongs to indicate each distance traveled.


Premise: What made Arius's belief about Jesus different from Alexander's?

Hypothesis: It appears that Arius reproached Alexander for what he felt were misguided or heretical teachings being taught by the bishop.


Premise: How is the number that marks the occurrence of an event obtained?

Hypothesis: The number (as on a clock dial or calendar) that marks the occurrence of a specified event as to hour or date is obtained by counting from a fiducial epoch—a central reference point.


Premise: Who became speakers of Balto-Slavic?

Hypothesis: In the framework of the Kurgan hypothesis, "the Indo-Europeans who remained after the migrations [from the steppe] became speakers of Balto-Slavic".


Premise: What happened to the usurping bishop, George?

Hypothesis: George, the usurping Bishop, was flung into prison and murdered.


Premise: When wood is described as "green," what does "green" mean?

Hypothesis: Minimum values are associated with green (water-saturated) wood and are referred to as basic specific gravity (Timell 1986).


Premise: Which language are some local radio stations available in?

Hypothesis: Star 94.1, FM 94/9, FM News and Talk 95.7, Q96 96.1, KyXy 96.5, Free Radio San Diego (AKA Pirate Radio San Diego) 96.9FM FRSD, KSON 97.3/92.1, KXSN 98.1, Jack-FM 100.7, 101.5 KGB-FM, KLVJ 102.1, Rock 105.3, and another Pirate Radio station at 106.9FM, as well as a number of local Spanish-language radio stations.


Premise: What was the name of the new anesthetic given to Victoria for the birth of Leopold?

Hypothesis: In 1853, Victoria gave birth to her eighth child, Leopold, with the aid of the new anaesthetic, chloroform.


Premise: When did the Soviet Union invade Manchuria?

Hypothesis: Following its defeat, Japan's Shinto Emperor stepped down as the divine leader through the Shinto Directive, because the Allied Powers believed this was the major political cause of Japan's military aggression and deconstruction process soon took place to install a new liberal-democratic constitution to the Japanese public as the current Constitution of Japan.


Premise: How deep was the focus of the earthquake?

Hypothesis: The focus was deeper than 10 km.


Premise: Together, Prussia and Germany expected to amass how many soldiers?

Hypothesis: Rather than advancing in a column or line formation, Prussian infantry moved in small groups that were harder to target by artillery or French defensive fire.


Premise: Zeus was married to which goddess?

Hypothesis: The most important of all ancient Greek gods was Zeus, the king of the gods, who was married to Hera, who was also Zeus's sister.


Premise: How many overseas tours happened after the coronation to France and North America?

Hypothesis: Rising Indian nationalism made the welcome that the royal couple would have received likely to be muted at best, and a prolonged absence from Britain would have been undesirable in the tense period before the Second World War.


Premise: When did the Südharzrevier close?

Hypothesis: After the reunification, the Südharzrevier was abandoned, whereas K+S took over the mines in the Werrarevier.


Premise: What type of cell forms when macrophages clump together trying to kill off the TB infection?

Hypothesis: When other macrophages attack the infected macrophage, they fuse together to form a giant multinucleated cell in the alveolar lumen.


Premise: What is the HMDA mainly responsible for?

Hypothesis: It coordinates the development activities of GHMC and suburban municipalities and manages the administration of bodies such as the Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board (HMWSSB).


Premise: Who recommended Nasser surrender himself to the British?

Hypothesis: Nasser berated Amer and Salem, and vowed, "Nobody is going to surrender."


Premise: What year did American Idol first debut?

Hypothesis: It was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman.


Premise: What happened to Russia's subdivision of government?

Hypothesis: It was liberalized in the aftermath of the Soviet Union, with the reforms under Boris Yeltsin preserving much of the Soviet structure while applying increasingly liberal reforms to the governance of the constituent republics and subjects (while also coming into conflict with Chechen secessionist rebels during the Chechen War).


Premise: What are held at the Barengraben?

Hypothesis: Since the 16th century, the city has had a bear pit, the Bärengraben, at the far end of the Nydeggbrücke to house its heraldic animals.


Premise: What did Goring do because of his fear of Hitler?

Hypothesis: For one thing, Göring's fear of Hitler led him to falsify or misrepresent what information was available in the direction of an uncritical and over-optimistic interpretation of air strength.


Premise: What percentage of the Seattle population has a bachelor's degree?

Hypothesis: Of the city's population over the age of 25, 53.8% (vs. a national average of 27.4%) hold a bachelor's degree or higher, and 91.9% (vs. 84.5% nationally) have a high school diploma or equivalent.


Premise: What did the Famicom sorely lack?

Hypothesis: Tinkerers at home in later years discovered that disassembling the NES and cutting the fourth pin of the lockout chip would change the chip’s mode of operation from "lock" to "key", removing all effects and greatly improving the console’s ability to play legal games, as well as bootlegs and converted imports.


Premise: What was Victoria's mother's name?

Hypothesis: Both the Duke of Kent and King George III died in 1820, and Victoria was raised under close supervision by her German-born mother Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.


Premise: What is a problem with racial assignments?

Hypothesis: One problem with these assignments is admixture.


Premise: What did SBVT change its name to?

Hypothesis: As the presidential campaign of 2004 developed, approximately 250 members of a group called Swift Boat Veterans for Truth (SBVT, later renamed Swift Vets and POWs for Truth)


Premise: Sea breezes occur during what season?

Hypothesis: Fog is fairly common, particularly in spring and early summer, and the occasional tropical storm or hurricane can threaten the region, especially in late summer and early autumn.


Premise: Which group had an inferior status under Islamic rule?

Hypothesis: The one described by Bernard Lewis as "most degrading" was the requirement of distinctive clothing, not found in the Quran or hadith but invented in early medieval Baghdad; its enforcement was highly erratic.


Premise: From how long ago do tools date in India?

Hypothesis: Soanian sites are found in the Sivalik region across what are now India, Pakistan, and Nepal.


Premise: What new domain designation should a museum use?

Hypothesis: In the traditional domain noted in RFC 1591, .org is for "organizations that didn't fit anywhere else" in the naming system, which implies that it is the proper category for non-commercial organizations if they are not governmental, educational, or one of the other types with a specific TLD.


Premise: What secular rulers did the Concordat of Worms increase the power of?

Hypothesis: It also had the permanent consequence of empowering German princes at the expense of the German emperors.


Premise: What did Hopkins believe was required other than calories, protein and minerals to help prevent deficiency diseases?

Hypothesis: but it did not assure their growth.


Premise: Who lead the coup d'etat attempt?

Hypothesis: In response to the coup, five days later, on 20 July 1974, the Turkish army invaded the island, citing a right to intervene to restore the constitutional order from the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee.


Premise: What other European language has a mute "h" like the West Flemings do?

Hypothesis: As a result, when West Flemish try to talk Standard Dutch, they're often unable to pronounce the g-sound, and pronounce it similar to the h-sound.


Premise: The largest Carnival celebration takes place in which city?

Hypothesis: In India, Carnival is celebrated only in the state of Goa and a Roman Catholic tradition, where it is known as Intruz which means swindler while Entrudo, the appropriate word in Portuguese for Carnival.


Premise: What is a current LZ based coding scheme that does well?

Hypothesis: Current LZ-based coding schemes that perform well are Brotli and LZX.


Premise: What is the name of the business that first rang a bell to begin in the winter of 2014 in Myanmar ?

Hypothesis: In December 2014, Myanmar signed an agreement to set up its first stock exchange.


Premise: What other mission besides dropout and illiteracy rates did the Kanye West Foundation seek to improve?

Hypothesis: West, alongside his mother, founded the "Kanye West Foundation" in Chicago in 2003, tasked with a mission to battle dropout and illiteracy rates, while partnering with community organizations to provide underprivileged youth access to music education.


Premise: Where is the Cornell University/Technion-Israel Institute of Technology located?

Hypothesis: Major biomedical research institutions include Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, Rockefeller University, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, and Weill Cornell Medical College, being joined by the Cornell University/Technion-Israel Institute of Technology venture on Roosevelt Island.


Premise: Which poets are closely alligned with Cubism?

Hypothesis: Though not as well remembered as the Cubist painters, these poets continue to influence and inspire; American poets John Ashbery and Ron Padgett have recently produced new translations of Reverdy's work.


Premise: Now days, many interested people find a Masonic Lodge using what?

Hypothesis: The process varies between jurisdictions, but the candidate will typically have been introduced by a friend at a Lodge social function, or at some form of open evening in the Lodge.


Premise: As of 2014, what was the population of Plymouth?

Hypothesis: people, making it the 30th most populous built-up area in the United Kingdom.


Premise: What is Operational Acceptance limited to while testing?

Hypothesis: This type of testing focuses on the operational readiness of the system to be supported, and/or to become part of the production environment.


Premise: By 2006 the GDP had dropped to what?

Hypothesis: Quoted at constant 2002 prices, GDP fell from £12 million in 1999-2000 to £11 million in 2005-06.


Premise: where to regular local trains provide service

Hypothesis: Regular local trains to all areas surrounding Utrecht also depart from Utrecht Centraal; and service several smaller stations: Utrecht Lunetten, Utrecht Vaartsche Rijn, Utrecht Overvecht, Utrecht Leidsche Rijn, Utrecht Terwijde, Utrecht Zuilen and Vleuten.


Premise: george centeno, darren ramirez, and martin o. cairo developed a hard house sound in what city?

Hypothesis: Additionally, Producers such as George Centeno, Darren Ramirez, and Martin O. Cairo would develop the Los Angeles Hard House sound.


Premise: What trait does Old English possess that Modern English lacks?

Hypothesis: In Old English, however, nouns and their modifying words take appropriate endings depending on their case.


Premise: What was the first consumer VLP player?

Hypothesis: For a while in the early and mid-1970s, Philips also discussed a compatible audio-only format they called "ALP", but that was soon dropped as the Compact Disc system became a non-compatible project in the Philips corporation.


Premise: Does child labour exist in the 21st century?

Hypothesis: Child labour is still common in many parts of the world.


Premise: Where do most emigrant Armenians live?

Hypothesis: There is a wide-ranging diaspora of around 5 million people of full or partial Armenian ancestry living outside of modern Armenia.


Premise: Where were the Winter Olympics held in 1928?

Hypothesis: In 1930 the Lauberhorn Rennen (Lauberhorn Race), was run for the first time on the Lauberhorn above Wengen; the equally demanding Hahnenkamm was first run in the same year in Kitzbühl, Austria.


Premise: What had happened to Frank Bruno to spur the publishing of a story about him?

Hypothesis: On 22 September 2003 the newspaper appeared to misjudge the public mood surrounding mental health, as well as its affection for former world heavyweight champion boxer Frank Bruno, who had been admitted to hospital, when the headline "Bonkers Bruno Locked Up" appeared on the front page of early editions.


Premise: What is an example of a simple carbohydrate?

Hypothesis: Traditionally, simple carbohydrates are believed to be absorbed quickly, and therefore to raise blood-glucose levels more rapidly than complex carbohydrates.


Premise: Which countries were taken over by the Soviets?

Hypothesis: This was followed by Soviet annexations of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and parts of Romania (Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, and the Hertza region).


Premise: When did Armenia establish a foreign investment law?

Hypothesis: A liberal foreign investment law was approved in June 1994, and a law on privatisation was adopted in 1997, as well as a program of state property privatisation.


Premise: In what did Immanuel Kant describe time as a priori intuition that allows humankind to understand sense experience?

Hypothesis: Immanuel Kant, in the Critique of Pure Reason, described time as an a priori intuition that allows us (together with the other a priori intuition, space) to comprehend sense experience.


Premise: When did the studying of rock formations begin in the Alps?

Hypothesis: Important geological concepts were established as naturalists began studying the rock formations of the Alps in the 18th century.


Premise: Much medieval literature was influenced by the works of what classic culture?

Hypothesis: Roman histories and biographies anticipated the extensive mediaeval literature of lives of saints and miraculous chronicles, but the most characteristic form of the Middle Ages was the romance, an adventurous and sometimes magical narrative with strong popular appeal.


Premise: What show helped launched the career of Carrie Underwood?

Hypothesis: It helped create a number of highly successful recording artists, such as Kelly Clarkson, Daughtry and Carrie Underwood, as well as others of varying notability.


Premise: What company did James E. Casey found in 1907 with a borrowed $100?

Hypothesis: In 1907, 19-year-old James E. Casey borrowed $100 from a friend and founded the American Messenger Company (later UPS).


Premise: What are positions that employees really want, but there are never enough of?

Hypothesis: Competition for employees with the public and private sector is another problem that Nonprofit organizations will inevitably face, particularly for management positions.


Premise: What amount of the graduate student body at Notre Dame live on the campus?

Hypothesis: The majority of the graduate students on campus live in one of four graduate housing complexes on campus, while all on-campus undergraduates live in one of the 29 residence halls.


Premise: How did Gaddafi feel about the British Army officers?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi disliked England, claiming British Army officers racially insulted him and finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes.


Premise: How many kilometers is it away from London?

Hypothesis: By road it is 450 kilometres (280 mi) south-east of London, 287 kilometres (178 mi) south of Calais, 305 kilometres (190 mi) south-west of Brussels, 774 kilometres (481 mi) north of Marseille, 385 kilometres (239 mi) north-east of Nantes, and 135 kilometres (84 mi) south-east of Rouen.


Premise: What term refers to another way in which dialects are distinguished from languages?

Hypothesis: According to this definition, two varieties are considered dialects of the same language if (under at least some circumstances) they would defer to the same authority regarding some questions about their language.


Premise: What is the videoconferencing product that both IBM and PictureTel worked on?

Hypothesis: Over the next 15 years, Project DIANE (Diversified Information and Assistance Network) grew to utilize a variety of videoconferencing platforms to create a multi-state cooperative public service and distance education network consisting of several hundred schools, neighborhood centers, libraries, science museums, zoos and parks, public assistance centers, and other community oriented organizations.