Premise: Where was the Treaty of Paris signed?

Hypothesis: Peace negotiations at the Congress of Paris resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 30 March 1856.


Premise: How much money did tourism create for New York in 2014?

Hypothesis: Tourism generated an all-time high US$61.3 billion in overall economic impact for New York City in 2014.


Premise: Who was living on with the Greeks in Cyprus s 1974 ?

Hypothesis: Greeks from Cyprus have a similar history of emigration, usually to the English-speaking world because of the island's colonization by the British Empire.


Premise: What year did color broadcasts start in the US?

Hypothesis: Colour broadcasts started at similarly higher resolutions, first with the US NTSC color system in 1953, which was compatible with the earlier monochrome systems and therefore had the same 525 lines of resolution.


Premise: What state was founded following the Fourth Crusade?

Hypothesis: In 1203, the Fourth Crusade was diverted from the Holy Land to Constantinople, and captured the city in 1204, setting up a Latin Empire of Constantinople and greatly weakening the Byzantine Empire.


Premise: Along with Lincoln and Ataturk, whose biography did Gaddafi read while in Misrata?

Hypothesis: He read voraciously on the subjects of Nasser and the French Revolution of 1789, as well as the works of Syrian political theorist Michel Aflaq and biographies of Abraham Lincoln, Sun Yat-sen, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.


Premise: What animal aids in the hunting?

Hypothesis: There is presumed to be relatively very little subsistence hunting in the country (with most hunting for either sport or commercial profit).


Premise: In 1938 what was von Neumann awarded?

Hypothesis: In 1938, he was awarded the Bôcher Memorial Prize for his work in analysis.


Premise: How many Irish employees did Dell hire?

Hypothesis: Dell assembled computers for the EMEA market at the Limerick facility in the Republic of Ireland, and once employed about 4,500 people in that country.


Premise: The implications of identity and identity construction are discussed in what settings?

Hypothesis: One implication of identity and of identity construction can be seen in occupational settings.


Premise: The domination of what helped create the Parisian dialect?

Hypothesis: Under the rule of the Capetian kings, Paris gradually became the largest and most prosperous city in France.


Premise: Which reviewer called the book melodramatic and contrived?

Hypothesis: Some lamented the use of poor white Southerners, and one-dimensional black victims, and Granville Hicks labeled the book "melodramatic and contrived".


Premise: How many terrawatts of radiation does the earth receive?

Hypothesis: The Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere.


Premise: What was the original name of the Science Museum of Oklahoma?

Hypothesis: IPHF honors those who have made significant contributions to the art and/or science of photography and relocated to St. Louis, Missouri in 2013.


Premise: How were the semi-finalists divided in season four?

Hypothesis: The men and women sang separately on consecutive nights, and the bottom two in each groups were eliminated each week until only six of each remained to form the top twelve.


Premise: When was the Battle of White Horse?

Hypothesis: October–25 November 1952), the Battle of Hill Eerie (21 March–21 June 1952), the sieges of Outpost Harry (10–18 June 1953), the Battle of the Hook (28–29 May 1953), the Battle of Pork Chop Hill (23 March–16 July 1953), and the Battle of Kumsong (13–27 July 1953).


Premise: How does the classifiacation scheme work on the Kinsey scale?

Hypothesis: The position on the scale is based on the relation of heterosexuality to homosexuality in one's history, rather than the actual amount of overt experience or psychic response.


Premise: What manager updated the players uniforms in 1933?

Hypothesis: In 1933, Herbert Chapman, wanting his players to be more distinctly dressed, updated the kit, adding white sleeves and changing the shade to a brighter pillar box red.


Premise: What type of light gun dealt with aircraft up to 6000 ft.?

Hypothesis: Few anti-aircraft guns had fire-control systems, and the underpowered searchlights were usually ineffective against aircraft at altitudes above 12,000 ft (3,700 m).


Premise: Who also argued for the term "African American"?

Hypothesis: Maulana Karenga argues that the term African-American is more appropriate because it accurately articulates their geographical and historical origin.[citation needed]


Premise: Who does sunset limited service

Hypothesis: Until 2005, Orlando was also the eastern terminus of the Sunset Limited, which travels across the southern United States via New Orleans, Houston, and San Antonio to its western terminus of Los Angeles.


Premise: IBM's net profit margins were 16.5% in what year?

Hypothesis: Over the past decade, it has steadily shifted its business mix by exiting commoditizing markets such as PCs, hard disk drives and DRAMs and focusing on higher-value, more profitable markets such as business intelligence, data analytics, business continuity, security, cloud computing, virtualization and green solutions, resulting in a higher quality revenue stream and higher profit margins.


Premise: According to Genshin, whats has the power to destroy karma?

Hypothesis: The Japanese Pure Land teacher Genshin taught that Amitābha has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in saṃsāra.


Premise: What caused distrust between the German and Soviet governments?

Hypothesis: The Finnish and Baltic invasions began a deterioration of relations between the Soviets and Germany.


Premise: Who represent's Tucson's wealthy areas in Congress?

Hypothesis: In general, Tucson and Pima County support the Democratic Party, as opposed the state's largest metropolitan area, Phoenix, which usually supports the Republican Party.


Premise: In what year was it announced that the Shell Group would move to a single capital structure?

Hypothesis: In November 2004, following a period of turmoil caused by the revelation that Shell had been overstating its oil reserves, it was announced that the Shell Group would move to a single capital structure, creating a new parent company to be named Royal Dutch Shell plc, with its primary listing on the London Stock Exchange, a secondary listing on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange, its headquarters and tax residency in The Hague, Netherlands and its registered office in London.


Premise: What risk is avoided by aircraft by using an angled deck?

Hypothesis: The primary function of this angled deck is to allow aircraft that miss the arresting wires, referred to as a bolter, to become airborne again without the risk of hitting aircraft parked forward.


Premise: Under what conditions could a single state's withdrawal result in the termination of a multilateral treaty?

Hypothesis: When a state withdraws from a multi-lateral treaty, that treaty will still otherwise remain in force among the other parties, unless, of course, otherwise should or could be interpreted as agreed upon between the remaining states parties to the treaty.[citation needed]


Premise: What are typical thermal mass material?

Hypothesis: Thermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat—heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy.


Premise: Who was the Perpendicular style chapel dedicated to?

Hypothesis: Henry VII added a Perpendicular style chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1503 (known as the Henry VII Chapel or the "Lady Chapel").


Premise: Who did not connect with the soldier?

Hypothesis: It was, however, already there to be seen.


Premise: Which organization did Michael Rostovtzeff flee from?

Hypothesis: Arnaldo Momigliano, an Italian Jew who wrote before and after the Second World War, studied the problem of mutual understanding between races in the conquered areas.


Premise: Where in the Seattle area does Boeing have manufacturing plants?

Hypothesis: Its largest division is still headquartered in nearby Renton, and the company has large aircraft manufacturing plants in Everett and Renton, so it remains the largest private employer in the Seattle metropolitan area.


Premise: During what years was the Portugal region incorporated in the Roman Republic?

Hypothesis: The early history of Portugal is shared with the rest of the Iberian Peninsula located in South Western Europe.


Premise: Where is there a very active tradition of hunting of small to medium-sized wild game?

Hypothesis: There is presumed to be relatively very little subsistence hunting in the country (with most hunting for either sport or commercial profit).


Premise: What is wrestling now thought to be?

Hypothesis: The advent of television gave professional wrestling a new outlet, and wrestling (along with boxing) was instrumental in making pay-per-view a viable method of content delivery.


Premise: What is the group of elements used to join the elements of an antenna?

Hypothesis: In a so-called aperture antenna, such as a horn or parabolic dish, the "feed" may also refer to a basic antenna inside the entire system (normally at the focus of the parabolic dish or at the throat of a horn) which could be considered the one active element in that antenna system.


Premise: How is the egg in American chop suey prepared?

Hypothesis: The growth of tourism in Kathmandu has led to culinary creativity and the development of hybrid foods to accommodate for tourists such as American chop suey, which is a sweet-and-sour sauce with crispy noodles with a fried egg commonly added on top and other westernized adaptations of traditional cuisine.


Premise: What percentage of people were positive about Beyonce's endorsement of Pepsi?

Hypothesis: The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET) wrote Beyoncé an open letter asking her to reconsider the deal because of the unhealthiness of the product and to donate the proceeds to a medical organisation.


Premise: How did the people of Boston react to the demolition of the West End?

Hypothesis: Extensive demolition was met with vociferous public opposition.


Premise: What is a common alternate name for the tungsten filament bulb in Europe?

Hypothesis: This type is often called Tungsram-bulbs in many European countries.


Premise: What do winners receive?

Hypothesis: Winners receive the FA Cup trophy, of which there have been two designs and five actual cups; the latest is a 2014 replica of the second design, introduced in 1911.


Premise: What was the last battleship in history to engage in combat with another battleship?

Hypothesis: Nishimura's sunken Yamashiro was the last battleship in history to engage another in combat.


Premise: From the 10 of NOvember to the 24 of November how many sermons were actually delivered to the Italian people?

Hypothesis: He used his authority to ensure that the liturgical reforms of Pius XII were carried out at the local level and employed innovative methods to reach the people of Milan: Huge posters announced that 1,000 voices would speak to them from 10 to 24 November 1957.


Premise: Smyth believed a scriptural church should consist only of regenerate believers who have been what?

Hypothesis: He was convinced on the basis of his interpretation of Scripture that infants would not be damned should they die in infancy.


Premise: What does FGM stand for?

Hypothesis: As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births.


Premise: What principles of architecture was the Alvorada designed with?

Hypothesis: One of the first structures built in the republic's new capital city, the "Alvorada" lies on a peninsula at the margins of Lake Paranoá.


Premise: How many crew members were on the MV Maersk Tigris?

Hypothesis: The ship had been chartered by Germany's Rickmers Ship Management, which stated that the ship contained no special cargo and no military weapons.


Premise: What was created for the sake of comparing English dialects?

Hypothesis: A nonstandard dialect, like a standard dialect, has a complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, but is usually not the beneficiary of institutional support.


Premise: What has been a traditional occupation for centuries?

Hypothesis: Farming had been a traditional occupation for centuries, although it became less dominant in the 20th century with the advent of tourism.


Premise: What program gives incentives to private landowners to protect species on their land?

Hypothesis: The amendment created a permit process to circumvent the take prohibition called a Habitat Conservation Plan or HCP to give incentives to non-federal land managers and private landowners to help protect listed and unlisted species, while allowing economic development that may harm ("take") the species.


Premise: The Further and Higher Education Act 1992 allows polytechnics to award degrees without what organization's approval?

Hypothesis: This meant that Polytechnics could confer degrees without the oversight of the national CNAA organization.


Premise: How many acres has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps helped to purchase or lease since 1934?

Hypothesis: Although non-hunters buy a significant number of Duck Stamps, eighty-seven percent of their sales are contributed by hunters, which is logical, as hunters are required to purchase them.


Premise: How many beds does the DMC have?

Hypothesis: The DMC has more than 2,000 licensed beds and 3,000 affiliated physicians.


Premise: What two things did the mentors help the contestants with?

Hypothesis: Beginning in the tenth season[citation needed], permanent mentors were brought in during the live shows to help guide the contestants with their song choice and performance.


Premise: What ancient language is still in use today in some of the minuscule societies in the Grecian world ?

Hypothesis: Modern Greek has, in addition to Standard Modern Greek or Dimotiki, a wide variety of dialects of varying levels of mutual intelligibility, including Cypriot, Pontic, Cappadocian, Griko and Tsakonian (the only surviving representative of ancient Doric Greek).


Premise: Where can these three elements occur in the immune system?

Hypothesis: Clinical immunology is the study of diseases caused by disorders of the immune system (failure, aberrant action, and malignant growth of the cellular elements of the system).


Premise: What type of transport was the steering oar most likely to be used during?

Hypothesis: The Han-era Chinese sailed in a variety of ships differing from those of previous eras, such as the tower ship.


Premise: What agreement commits countries to develop resources for sustainability?

Hypothesis: Global agreements such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, give "sovereign national rights over biological resources" (not property).


Premise: What percentage of families in the city were living below the poverty line?

Hypothesis: About 19.1% of families and 23.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.1% of those under age 18 and 18.9% of those age 65 or over.


Premise: Cardinals who were not bishops have been promoted to Cardinal around the age of 80 since what year?

Hypothesis: The prominent priests who since 1962 were not ordained bishops on their elevation to the cardinalate were over the age of 80 or near to it, and so no cardinal who was not a bishop has participated in recent papal conclaves.


Premise: What is the name of the area which includes most countries not located in North, Central or South America?

Hypothesis: In the PAL region, which covers most of Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania, Twilight Princess is the best-selling entry in the Zelda series.


Premise: What is a vacuum?

Hypothesis: Vacuum is space void of matter.


Premise: How many units are in the Nehemiah Homes?

Hypothesis: More bank branches opened in the Bronx as a whole (rising from 106 in 1997 to 149 in 2007), although not primarily in poor or minority neighborhoods, while the Bronx still has fewer branches per person than other boroughs.


Premise: A manifest violation is required to invalidate a party's consent to a treaty due to a reluctance internationally to inquire into what aspects of other states?

Hypothesis: States are reluctant to inquire into the internal affairs and processes of other states, and so a "manifest violation" is required such that it would be "objectively evident to any State dealing with the matter".


Premise: Along with Virginia Key, what does the Rickenbacker Causeway connect to Brickell?

Hypothesis: The Rickenbacker Causeway is the southernmost causeway and connects Brickell to Virginia Key and Key Biscayne.


Premise: How many people were evacuated downstream?

Hypothesis: Downstream, more than 200,000 people were evacuated from Mianyang by June 1 in anticipation of the dam bursting.


Premise: The somerset level is the only area left  to commercially grow what

Hypothesis: Traditional willow growing and weaving (such as basket weaving) is not as extensive as it used to be but is still carried out on the Somerset Levels and is commemorated at the Willows and Wetlands Visitor Centre.


Premise: In what time period did the Devangari script become prevalent?

Hypothesis: The latter was displaced in its turn by Devanagari in the 11th or 12th century, with intermediary stages such as the Siddhaṃ script.


Premise: Over what span of time have the rules for written Dutch become less complicated?

Hypothesis: The Dutch written grammar has simplified over the past 100 years: cases are now mainly used for the pronouns, such as ik (I), mij, me (me), mijn (my), wie (who), wiens (whose: masculine or neuter singular), wier (whose: feminine singular; masculine, feminine or neuter plural).


Premise: How many Democratic appointees wrote the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission?

Hypothesis: Although they concede that governmental policies had some role in causing the crisis, they contend that GSE loans performed better than loans securitized by private investment banks, and performed better than some loans originated by institutions that held loans in their own portfolios.


Premise: Which century did the Old Confederacy of the eight states exist until?

Hypothesis: By 1460, the confederates controlled most of the territory south and west of the Rhine to the Alps and the Jura mountains, particularly after victories against the Habsburgs (Battle of Sempach, Battle of Näfels), over Charles the Bold of Burgundy during the 1470s, and the success of the Swiss mercenaries.


Premise: Who did Le Corbusier open his Paris studio with in 1922?

Hypothesis: Le Corbusier's ambition had been to translate the properties of his own style of Cubism to architecture.


Premise: What percentage of New Haven's economy is based in services grounded in health care and education?

Hypothesis: Yale and Yale-New Haven are also among the largest employers in the state, and provide more $100,000+-salaried positions than any other employer in Connecticut.[citation needed]


Premise: Which business sector contributed to the financial crisis by acting recklessly and taking on too much risk?

Hypothesis: The U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission reported its findings in January 2011.


Premise: Who led the final government of the RSFSR?

Hypothesis: The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR" and the last by Boris Yeltsin as both head of government and head of state under the title "President".


Premise: North Carolina was the twelth state to ratify what document?

Hypothesis: On November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the twelfth state to ratify the Constitution.


Premise: Along with 860, in what year did Swedish raiders attempt to conquer Constantinople?

Hypothesis: Missionary efforts to Scandinavia during the 9th and 10th centuries helped strengthen the growth of kingdoms such as Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, which gained power and territory.


Premise: What did Homo Sapiens acquire that allowed them to become aware of Culture?

Hypothesis: Terror Management Theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the illusion of being individuals of value in a world meaning—raising themselves above the merely physical aspects of existence, in order to deny the animal insignificance and death that Homo Sapiens became aware of when they acquired a larger brain.


Premise: How far is the Bab al-Azizia barracks from Tripoli?

Hypothesis: His home and office at Azizia was a bunker designed by West German engineers, while the rest of his family lived in a large two-story building.


Premise: What is the consumption of dead organic matter called?

Hypothesis: It can at times be difficult to separate the two feeding behaviours, for example, where parasitic species prey on a host organism and then lay their eggs on it for their offspring to feed on its decaying corpse.


Premise: What utility company sponsored a carbon emissions survey in 2006?

Hypothesis: In a 2006 survey of carbon emissions in major UK cities conducted by British Gas, Southampton was ranked as being one of the lowest carbon emitting cities in the United Kingdom.


Premise: What part of the US Constitution outlines the relationship among the states?

Hypothesis: Under Article IV, Section Three of the United States Constitution, which outlines the relationship among the states, Congress has the power to admit new states to the union.


Premise: What percent of crime was strictly property in 2006?

Hypothesis: The majority of this was property crime, which affected 3.74% of Santa Monica's population in 2006; this was higher than the rates for Los Angeles County (2.76%) and California (3.17%), but lower than the national average (3.91%).


Premise: How many members make up the Presbyterian church in Australia?

Hypothesis: In Australia, Presbyterianism is the fourth largest denomination of Christianity, with nearly 600,000 Australians claiming to be Presbyterian in the 2006 Commonwealth Census.


Premise: Along with modern and classical languages, what were all students in the lycées taught?

Hypothesis: All students were taught the sciences along with modern and classical languages.


Premise: Which form of government did Galicia start using in 1975

Hypothesis: As part of the transition to democracy upon the death of Franco in 1975, Galicia regained its status as an autonomous region within Spain with the Statute of Autonomy of 1981, which begins, "Galicia, historical nationality, is constituted as an Autonomous Community to access to its self-government, in agreement with the Spanish Constitution and with the present Statute (...)".


Premise: How long were the original lunar calendars?

Hypothesis: Artifacts from the Paleolithic suggest that the moon was used to reckon time as early as 6,000 years ago.


Premise: Where did the British Royal Navy defeat the French and Spanish in 1805?

Hypothesis: France was finally defeated by a coalition of European armies in 1815.


Premise: When did Lakulish systematize the Pasupata Shaivism?

Hypothesis: They recognised that those depending upon another and longing for independence will not be emancipated because they still depend upon something other than themselves.


Premise: In what kind of country is malnutrition often found as excessive consumption or as a nutritional imbalance?

Hypothesis: In developed countries, the diseases of malnutrition are most often associated with nutritional imbalances or excessive consumption.


Premise: Which three actors reprised supporting roles for Spectre?

Hypothesis: Daniel Craig returned for his fourth appearance as James Bond, while Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris and Ben Whishaw reprised their roles as M, Eve Moneypenny and Q respectively, having been established in Skyfall.


Premise: Alexander III was the son of whom?

Hypothesis: By the time of his death in 323 BC, he had created one of the largest empires in history, stretching from Greece to India.


Premise: How tall are the mountains in Maine?

Hypothesis: In the Chic-Choc and Notre Dame mountain ranges in Quebec, the higher summits rise to about 4,000 ft (1,200 m) elevation.


Premise: How long has Boston been a religious center?

Hypothesis: Boston has been a noted religious center from its earliest days.


Premise: How many copper alloys has the EPA approved as antimicrobial materials?

Hypothesis: Some 355 copper alloys were proven to kill more than 99.9% of disease-causing bacteria within just two hours when cleaned regularly.


Premise: Which darker post-punk bands gave rise to gothic rock?

Hypothesis: Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music.


Premise: When did the British try to redo the Treaty of Nanjing?

Hypothesis: In 1854, Britain tried to re-negotiate the Treaty of Nanjing, inserting clauses allowing British commercial access to Chinese rivers and the creation of a permanent British embassy at Beijing.


Premise: In terms of international travel, which airport is the world's busiest?

Hypothesis: London is a major international air transport hub with the busiest city airspace in the world.


Premise: Which two countries declared war on Germany on September 3 1939?

Hypothesis: May 1940 – the day after the Luftwaffe destroyed the centre of Rotterdam – the RAF also carried out operations east of the Rhine, attacking industrial and transportation targets.


Premise: How can a member state use euro coins?

Hypothesis: The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as mandated in Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone.


Premise: What groups of minorities could elect a cultural council before the Soviet occupation?

Hypothesis: Cultural autonomies could be granted to minorities numbering more than 3,000 people with longstanding ties to the Republic of Estonia.


Premise: Who did Jesus say were his "brother, and sister, and mother?"

Hypothesis: Whoever does the will of God is my brother, and sister, and mother'."[3:31-35] Other verses suggest a conflict between Jesus and his family, including an attempt to have Jesus restrained because "he is out of his mind", and the famous quote: "A prophet is not without honor except in his own town, among his relatives and in his own home."


Premise: How many employees worked at Dell's Texas headquarters?

Hypothesis: In 1990, Dell had 1,200 employees in its headquarters.


Premise: Euro1080 was a division of what former company?

Hypothesis: The HD1 channel was initially free-to-air and mainly comprised sporting, dramatic, musical and other cultural events broadcast with a multi-lingual soundtrack on a rolling schedule of 4 or 5 hours per day.


Premise: Consumers tend to have less money to spend on other goods, when the price of which commodity is higher?

Hypothesis: Experts debate the causes, with some attributing it to speculative flow of money from housing and other investments into commodities, some to monetary policy, and some to the increasing feeling of raw materials scarcity in a fast-growing world, leading to long positions taken on those markets, such as Chinese increasing presence in Africa.


Premise: What has served as a school of writing for many authors?

Hypothesis: Translation has served as a school of writing for many authors.


Premise: Which two countries was Victoria trying to improve relations between?

Hypothesis: Victoria's first visit to Ireland in 1849 was a public relations success, but it had no lasting impact or effect on the growth of Irish nationalism.


Premise: The landmark, General Grant National Memorial, is also called what?

Hypothesis: Historic sites under federal management on Manhattan Island include Castle Clinton National Monument; Federal Hall National Memorial; Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site; General Grant National Memorial ("Grant's Tomb"); African Burial Ground National Monument; and Hamilton Grange National Memorial.


Premise: When did the colonies declare independence?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, the revolutionaries expelled British officials from the 13 states, and declared themselves an independent nation on July 4, 1776.


Premise: In addition to wool, what is uranium salt a mordant of?

Hypothesis: Uranium salts are mordants of silk or wool.


Premise: What can peer pressure influence?

Hypothesis: In some societies, clothing may be used to indicate rank or status.


Premise: How many kilometers was the planned route that was cancelled?

Hypothesis: The cancelling of the relay through the city itself was decided due to security concerns and at the request of the Chinese embassy.


Premise: Who diverted resources to the destruction of the Partisans?

Hypothesis: On 25 May 1944, he managed to evade the Germans after the Raid on Drvar (Operation Rösselsprung), an airborne assault outside his Drvar headquarters in Bosnia.


Premise: How many points does each club receive for each win?

Hypothesis: During the course of a season (from August to May) each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 38 games.


Premise: What did Robert Blumenschine propose?

Hypothesis: Robert Blumenschine proposed the idea of confrontational scavenging, which involves challenging and scaring off other predators after they have made a kill, which he suggests could have been the leading method of obtaining protein-rich meat by early humans.


Premise: Besides the areas of Spain, what other differences are there between Barcelona and Real Madrid?

Hypothesis: There is often a fierce rivalry between the two strongest teams in a national league, and this is particularly the case in La Liga, where the game between Barcelona and Real Madrid is known as El Clásico.


Premise: How many aftershocks were there?

Hypothesis: Between 64 and 104 major aftershocks, ranging in magnitude from 4.0 to 6.1, were recorded within 72 hours of the main quake.


Premise: Under what auspices does the BBC exist?

Hypothesis: BBC Television is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation.


Premise: When was the Lady Chapel added?

Hypothesis: Henry VII added a Perpendicular style chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1503 (known as the Henry VII Chapel or the "Lady Chapel").


Premise: Which season had a voting controversy because of a huge increase in text votes?

Hypothesis: Voting results have been a consistent source of controversy.


Premise: Bermuda is located in what ocean?

Hypothesis: Bermuda is a group of low-forming volcanoes located in the Atlantic Ocean, near the western edge of the Sargasso Sea, roughly 578 nautical miles (1,070 km (665 mi))


Premise: In which year was the new constitution ratified?

Hypothesis: The state united behind the Plan of Ayutla and ratified the new constitution in 1855.


Premise: Who are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands?

Hypothesis: The goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area.


Premise: Who can prohibit hunting to the clerics?

Hypothesis: In practice, therefore, the synodal statutes of various localities must be consulted to discover whether they allow quiet hunting or prohibit it altogether.


Premise: Who wrote "Living Black?

Hypothesis: In contrast to previous definitions based solely on the degree of Aboriginal ancestry, in 1990 the Government changed the legal definition of Aboriginal to include any:


Premise: Who invaded and destroyed the first major settlement of Roman London in 61 AD?

Hypothesis: This lasted only until around 61, when the Iceni tribe led by Queen Boudica stormed it, burning it to the ground.


Premise: What can create a subsequent increase of nutrients in natural environment?

Hypothesis: Most laboratory techniques for growing bacteria use high levels of nutrients to produce large amounts of cells cheaply and quickly.


Premise: Where is the headquarters of the Congregation of the Holy Cross?

Hypothesis: Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto.


Premise: How long did three-phase system operate in Cascade Tunnel?

Hypothesis: Other lines where the three-phase system were used were the Simplon Tunnel in Switzerland from 1906 to 1930, and the Cascade Tunnel of the Great Northern Railway in the United States from 1909 to 1927.


Premise: What field does the ijazah signify expertise in?

Hypothesis: In contrast to the medieval doctorate which was granted by the collective authority of the faculty, the Islamic degree was not granted by the teacher to the pupil based on any formal criteria, but remained a "personal matter, the sole prerogative of the person bestowing it; no one could force him to give one".


Premise: What tenet of sharia did Gaddafi believe was incompatible with socialism?

Hypothesis: Within a year he was backtracking, announcing that sharia was inappropriate for the Jamahiriya because it guaranteed the protection of private property, contravening The Green Book's socialism.


Premise: How many groups do these languages belong to?

Hypothesis: A cant, called Shelta, is spoken by Irish Travellers, often as a means to conceal meaning from those outside the group.


Premise: Who is in charge of Ostia?

Hypothesis: Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator.


Premise: What interrupted the renewal of the IMF agreement with the Congo?

Hypothesis: In June 1996 the IMF approved a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF) and was on the verge of announcing a renewed annual agreement when civil war broke out in Congo in mid-1997.


Premise: How many engines did the C-X75 originally have?

Hypothesis: The C-X75 was originally developed as a hybrid electric vehicle with four independent electric engines powered by two jet turbines, before the project was cancelled.


Premise: Rome dominated what peninsula?

Hypothesis: Rome had come to dominate the Italian peninsula, and desired the submission of the Greek cities to its rule.


Premise: What does herd immunity offer to vulnerable people when a large enough proportion of the population has acquired immunity?

Hypothesis: Knowledge of the protective antigens and specific acquired host immune factors is more complete for primary pathogens than for opportunistic pathogens.


Premise: What did Kurt Godel's theorem demonstrate about axioms and the inference rules?

Hypothesis: But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics.


Premise: What did women commonly have less of?

Hypothesis: Women, although usually having fewer rights by custom, were allowed to level civil and criminal charges against men.


Premise: Why were problems created when transferring files between systems?

Hypothesis: The inherent ambiguity of many control characters, combined with their historical usage, created problems when transferring "plain text" files between systems.


Premise: What is of the factors the capital cost of electrification system depends on?

Hypothesis: Selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic.


Premise: How many people helped Queen set a 1976 attendance record?

Hypothesis: Today programme, but they pulled out at the last-minute, which saw their late replacement on the show, EMI labelmate the Sex Pistols, give their seminal interview.


Premise: Under whose rule were new Christian festivals added to previous Roman holidays?

Hypothesis: In the later Empire under Christian rule, the new Christian festivals were incorporated into the existing framework of the Roman calendar, alongside at least some of the traditional festivals.


Premise: Which German politician defended comprehensive schools?

Hypothesis: When a central Abitur examination was established in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was revealed that Gesamtschule students did worse than could be predicted by their grades or class rank.


Premise: When do large birds of pray migrate?

Hypothesis: Birds of prey such as honey buzzards which migrate using thermals lose only 10 to 20% of their weight during migration, which may explain why they forage less during migration than do smaller birds of prey with more active flight such as falcons, hawks and harriers.


Premise: To whom did Aeneas set up an alter in Rome?

Hypothesis: Rome had a semi-divine ancestor in the Trojan refugee Aeneas, son of Venus, who was said to have established the nucleus of Roman religion when he brought the Palladium, Lares and Penates from Troy to Italy.


Premise: What did the team of engineers do?

Hypothesis: Their findings show a variety of reasons why many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake.


Premise: When did the 2 worst haze pollution occur in Southeast Asia?

Hypothesis: The two worst regional hazes were in 1997 and 2006 in which multiple countries were covered with thick haze, mostly caused by "slash and burn" activities in Sumatra and Borneo.


Premise: Basic respect for human beings is known as what?

Hypothesis: Examples of Halakhic Meta-Principles are: "Deracheha Darchei Noam" - the ways of Torah are pleasant, "Kavod Habriyot" - basic respect for human beings, "Pikuach Nefesh" - the sanctity of human life.


Premise: What was his first proposition?

Hypothesis: He was convinced on the basis of his interpretation of Scripture that infants would not be damned should they die in infancy.


Premise: When did a guerrilla group fight for Namibia's independence?

Hypothesis: In response to the 1966 ruling by the International Court of Justice, South-West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) military wing, People's Liberation Army of Namibia, a guerrilla group began their armed struggle for independence, but it was not until 1988 that South Africa agreed to end its occupation of Namibia, in accordance with a UN peace plan for the entire region.


Premise: What year's poll of supporters said that the Tottenham rivalry was greatest?

Hypothesis: In addition, Arsenal and Manchester United developed a strong on-pitch rivalry in the late 1980s, which intensified in recent years when both clubs were competing for the Premier League title – so much so that a 2003 online poll by the Football Fans Census listed Manchester United as Arsenal's biggest rivals, followed by Tottenham and Chelsea.


Premise: Is there a metabolism in endospores?

Hypothesis: Endospores show no detectable metabolism and can survive extreme physical and chemical stresses, such as high levels of UV light, gamma radiation, detergents, disinfectants, heat, freezing, pressure, and desiccation.


Premise: Along with Electro and disco, what genre of music influenced Freestyle?

Hypothesis: Cat Power and Iron & Wine are based in the city, while alternative hip hop artist Sage Francis, electro artist Uffie, and the electroclash duo Avenue D were born in Miami, but musically based elsewhere.


Premise: When was the movie Airport made?

Hypothesis: , Airport (1970),


Premise: What are humans thought to have played a significant role in, in Australia?

Hypothesis: North American megafauna extinction was coincidental with the Younger Dryas impact event, possibly making hunting a less critical factor in prehistoric species loss than had been previously thought.


Premise: What is the population of the London Metropolitan Region?

Hypothesis: Modern London stands on the Thames, its primary geographical feature, a navigable river which crosses the city from the south-west to the east.


Premise: According to doctrine, because all thing don't last, attachment can lead to what?

Hypothesis: The doctrine asserts that because things are impermanent, attachment to them is futile and leads to suffering (dukkha).


Premise: What theory was more widely accepted by the mid-20th century?

Hypothesis: In the mid-19th century the now defunct theory of geosynclines was used to explain the presence of "folded" mountain chains but by the mid-20th century the theory of plate tectonics became widely accepted.


Premise: How many paper cups are used by Americans each year?

Hypothesis: Paper waste accounts for up to 40% of total waste produced in the United States each year, which adds up to 71.6 million tons of paper waste per year in the United States alone.


Premise: What is the GDP of Mexico City?

Hypothesis: Mexico City is one of the most important economic hubs in Latin America.


Premise: What is the best-known medieval Chinese name for Tibet?

Hypothesis: The best-known medieval Chinese name for Tibet is Tubo (Chinese: 吐蕃 also written as 土蕃 or 土番;


Premise: Who defines the Near East as including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt. Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Isreal, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the West Bank, and Yemen?

Hypothesis: The Encyclopædia Britannica defines the Near East as including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the West Bank, and Yemen.


Premise: What assures smooth traffic flow between departing and arriving aircraft?

Hypothesis: They may help to assure smooth traffic flow between departing and arriving aircraft.


Premise: Up to how many AFL matches are played each week in Melbourne?

Hypothesis: Up to five AFL matches are played each week in Melbourne, attracting an average 40,000 people per game.


Premise: Who was the winner of the 2014 Nobel prize in literature?

Hypothesis: In the 20th century, the Paris literary community was dominated by Colette, André Gide, François Mauriac, André Malraux, Albert Camus, and, after World War II, by Simone de Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre; Between the wars it was the home of many important expatriate writers, including Ernest Hemingway, Samuel Beckett, and, in the 1970s, Milan Kundera.


Premise: What theater sits on Yale's campus?

Hypothesis: The shuttered Palace Theatre (opposite the Shubert Theatre) is being renovated and will reopen as the College Street Music Hall in May, 2015.


Premise: What English school offers Sanskrit as a language study?

Hypothesis: In the United States, since September 2009, high school students have been able to receive credits as Independent Study or toward Foreign Language requirements by studying Sanskrit, as part of the "SAFL:


Premise: How many singers are typically in the choirs?

Hypothesis: The St. Olaf College Choir was established as an outgrowth of the local St. John's Lutheran Church, where Christiansen was organist and the choir was composed, at least partially, of students from the nearby St. Olaf campus.


Premise: What body maintains a National Inventory of notable pubs?

Hypothesis: CAMRA maintains a "National Inventory" of historical notability and of architecturally and decoratively notable pubs.


Premise: Where does the sub-Alpine zone extend from?

Hypothesis: The montane zone extends from 800 to 1,700 m (2,625 to 5,577 ft), followed by the sub-Alpine zone from 1,600 to 2,400 m (5,249 to 7,874 ft).


Premise: What are three of the other health conditions that occur more frequently with asthma?

Hypothesis: A number of other health conditions occur more frequently in those with asthma, including gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), rhinosinusitis, and obstructive sleep apnea.


Premise: When did Henry VIII take direct royal control?

Hypothesis: By granting the abbey cathedral status Henry VIII gained an excuse to spare it from the destruction or dissolution which he inflicted on most English abbeys during this period.


Premise: Which group did Louis XIV tried push out of Alsace?

Hypothesis: The strongly Catholic Louis XIV tried in vain to drive them from Alsace.


Premise: What is the estimated weight of the total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth?

Hypothesis: In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).


Premise: When did Cloudina exist?

Hypothesis: The small shelly fossil Cloudina, from 549 to 542 million years ago, has been classified by some authors as an annelid, but by others as a cnidarian (i.e. in the phylum to which jellyfish and sea anemones belong).


Premise: How long has China been with centralized power?

Hypothesis: Although China has had long periods of central rule for centuries, it is often argued that the unitary structure of the Chinese government is far too unwieldy to effectively and equitably manage the country's affairs.


Premise: Beyond the storage of federal records, what service does the WNRC provide?

Hypothesis: WNRC also offers research services and maintains a small research room.


Premise: Under whose direction was there disappointment?

Hypothesis: After the disappointment of the Gaspart era, the combination of a new young president, Joan Laporta, and a young new manager, former Dutch and Milan star Frank Rijkaard, saw the club bounce back.


Premise: What is Oklahoma's largest school district?

Hypothesis: KIPP Reach College Preparatory School in Oklahoma City received the 2012 National Blue Ribbon along with its school leader, Tracy McDaniel Sr., being awarded the Terrel H. Bell Award for Outstanding Leadership.


Premise: Which two coastal regions are now major tourist destinations?

Hypothesis: In 2007, 5.7 million tourists visited Galicia, an 8% growth over the previous year, and part of a continual pattern of growth in this sector.


Premise: when did the FAA shift to a more step-by-step approach to providing air traffic controllers with more advanced equipment?

Hypothesis: By the mid-1970s, the agency had achieved a semi-automated air traffic control system using both radar and computer technology.


Premise: Who planned the central city?

Hypothesis: Philadelphia's central city was created in the 17th century following the plan by William Penn's surveyor Thomas Holme.


Premise: What elements does the structure of a gene consist of?

Hypothesis: The structure of a gene consists of many elements of which the actual protein coding sequence is often only a small part.


Premise: Why is it necessary for smaller animals to have an insulative covering?

Hypothesis: For small animals, an insulative covering like fur is necessary for the maintenance of a high and stable body temperature.


Premise: What was the business state of Marvel by 2000?

Hypothesis: With the new millennium, Marvel Comics emerged from bankruptcy and again began diversifying its offerings.


Premise: Aspiration alters with what?

Hypothesis: t k/ have voice-onset times (VOTs) of about 5, 10, and 30 milliseconds, whereas English aspirated /p t k/ have VOTs of about 60, 70, and 80 ms.


Premise: When did The Glasgow Looking Glass begin?

Hypothesis: On occasion the cartoons in these magazines appeared in sequences; the character Ally Sloper featured in the earliest serialized comic strip when the character began to feature in its own weekly magazine in 1884.


Premise: When was Somali Nation Television officially re-launched?

Hypothesis: The Mogadishu-based Somali National Television is the principal national public service broadcaster.


Premise: What did the temple-centered social organization of the farming peoples allow them to mobilize?

Hypothesis: According to this theory, farming peoples spread down into southern Mesopotamia because they had developed a temple-centered social organization for mobilizing labor and technology for water control, enabling them to survive and prosper in a difficult environment.[citation needed]


Premise: What view did the Qua-ran take on the sinful ways in which Mary could have been conceived ?

Hypothesis: The Muslim tradition or hadith, which states that the only children born without the "touch of Satan," were Mary and Jesus.


Premise: What is the term for a city with a population of over 10 million?

Hypothesis: The metropolitan area surpassed the 10 million mark in the early 1930s, becoming the first megacity in human history.


Premise: Who catalyzed the conversion of Tajik script into Cyrillic?

Hypothesis: The script was however subsequently Cyrillicized in the 1930s by the Soviet government.


Premise: What did Tito use to get the people to unit in a battle against the occupation in 1941?

Hypothesis: On 17 April 1941, after King Peter II and other members of the government fled the country, the remaining representatives of the government and military met with the German officials in Belgrade.


Premise: What is the Eastern Roman Empire in the Middle Ages called by contemporary scholars?

Hypothesis: In Western Europe, Germanic peoples moved into positions of power in the remnants of the former Western Roman Empire and established kingdoms and empires of their own.


Premise: What is the western part of the Tennessee Valley called?

Hypothesis: The western section of the Tennessee Valley, where the depressions become broader and the ridges become lower, is called the Great Valley.


Premise: How many of Kanye West's albums were recognized by Rolling Stone Magazine?

Hypothesis: Three of his albums rank on Rolling Stone's 2012 "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" list; two of his albums feature at first and eighth, respectively, in Pitchfork Media's The 100 Best Albums of 2010–2014.


Premise: What is the name of CBS' Mexican record label?

Hypothesis: CBS's Mexican record company, Discos Columbia, was renamed Discos CBS by 1963.


Premise: The Scorpions hailed from what country?

Hypothesis: The arrival of Scorpions from Germany marked the geographical expansion of the subgenre.


Premise: Who led the coup that gained control over Austrasia?

Hypothesis: In the wars that lasted beyond 800, he rewarded allies with war booty and command over parcels of land.


Premise: What were the windows in the snug made out of?

Hypothesis: The "snug", sometimes called the smoke room, was typically a small, very private room with access to the bar that had a frosted glass external window, set above head height.


Premise: Who is the Bronx named for?

Hypothesis: The Bronx is named after Jonas Bronck who created the first settlement as part of the New Netherland colony in 1639.


Premise: What have remained unchanged while the knowledge has grown?

Hypothesis: While considerable research has since occurred and the knowledge-base has grown significantly, the main concepts remain unchanged, and indeed Newburgh's book is still cited by contemporary authors, including those attempting to develop thermoregulatory models of clothing development.


Premise: How much larger is a dog brain olfactory cortex when compared to humans?

Hypothesis: Dogs can detect odour in one part per trillion, as their brain's olfactory cortex is (relative to total brain size) 40 times larger than humans.


Premise: What type of objects did Hedley collect on Funafuti

Hypothesis: Charles Hedley, a naturalist at the Australian Museum, accompanied the 1896 expedition and during his stay on Funafuti collected invertebrate and ethnological objects.


Premise: In what treaty were the serial Japan-Korea treaties of 1905, 1907, and 1910 confirmed as "already null and void?"

Hypothesis: For example, the serial Japan-Korea treaties of 1905, 1907 and 1910 were protested; and they were confirmed as "already null and void" in the 1965 Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea.


Premise: what is a perfect example of a filled vacuum showing a curvature?

Hypothesis: The black hole (with zero electric charge) is an elegant example of a region completely "filled" with vacuum, but still showing a strong curvature.


Premise: In what year did Schwarzenegger play Jayne Mansfield's husband in a film?

Hypothesis: In 1980, he starred in a biographical film of the 1950s actress Jayne Mansfield as Mansfield's husband, Mickey Hargitay.


Premise: Who established the College Park Airport?

Hypothesis: Amsterdam Airport Schiphol opened on September 16, 1916 as a military airfield, but only accepted civil aircraft from December 17, 1920, allowing Sydney Airport in Sydney, Australia—which started operations in January 1920—to claim to be one of the world's oldest continually operating commercial airports.


Premise: What important heritage of art  from Greece was celebrated during this time ?

Hypothesis: Following the Renaissance in Europe, the humanist aesthetic and the high technical standards of Greek art inspired generations of European artists.


Premise: When did the USB Promoters Group announce the finalization of the USB Power Delivery specification?

Hypothesis: In July 2012, the USB Promoters Group announced the finalization of the USB Power Delivery ("PD") specification, an extension that specifies using certified "PD aware" USB cables with standard USB Type-A and Type-B connectors to deliver increased power (more than 7.5 W) to devices with larger power demand.


Premise: In 1965, how many women were on the birth control pill?

Hypothesis: Nonetheless, by 1962, 1.2 million American women were on the pill, and by 1965 the number had increased to 6.5 million.


Premise: When did the uniform theory of groups develop from different sources?

Hypothesis: The convergence of these various sources into a uniform theory of groups started with Camille Jordan's Traité des substitutions et des équations algébriques (1870).


Premise: What benefit besides the cozy atmosphere would a wood-burning fireplace add to a home?

Hypothesis: Wood has a long history of being used as fuel, which continues to this day, mostly in rural areas of the world.


Premise: Who exercises the authority on behalf of the queen in Saint Helena?

Hypothesis: The Governor is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the British government.


Premise: What is another name for Jesus given?

Hypothesis: In Johannine "agent Christology" the submission of Jesus to crucifixion is a sacrifice made as an agent of God or servant of God, for the sake of eventual victory.


Premise: Who does Betrand Russell started the schism that lead to the Enlightenment?

Hypothesis: Russell said that the Enlightenment was ultimately born out of the Protestant reaction against the Catholic counter-reformation, and that philosophical views such as affinity for democracy against monarchy originated among 16th-century Protestants to justify their desire to break away from the Catholic Church.


Premise: What commitee deals with differences in rules governing the use of pesticides among different countries?

Hypothesis: The FAO claims that the code has raised awareness about pesticide hazards and decreased the number of countries without restrictions on pesticide use.


Premise: What did Sony call the special offer they handed out to respond to the breach?

Hypothesis: There was no evidence that any credit card data had been taken, but the possibility could not be ruled out, and Sony advised customers that their credit card data may have been obtained.


Premise: What are some consequences of the investments

Hypothesis: However, a 2007 investigation by The Los Angeles Times claimed there are three major unintended consequences with the foundation's allocation of aid.


Premise: What is the size of the mat?

Hypothesis: Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs.


Premise: Who gets to be crowned Road March King or Queen?

Hypothesis: The singer of the most played song is crowned Road March King or Queen earning prize money and usually a vehicle.


Premise: When did Aspar die?

Hypothesis: The emperors of the 5th century were often controlled by military strongmen such as Stilicho (d. 408), Aspar (d. 471),


Premise: The closing of what plant in 20147 caused a major loss to the automobile industry?

Hypothesis: Aulnay-sous-Bois Citroen assembly plant.


Premise: What  kind of particles are quarks and leptons?

Hypothesis: However, not all particles with rest mass have a classical volume, since fundamental particles such as quarks and leptons (sometimes equated with matter) are considered "point particles" with no effective size or volume.


Premise: In what battle did Mark Antony see defeat?

Hypothesis: Eventually, however, Antony and Octavian fought against each other in one last battle.


Premise: What had a negative effect on Chopin's health?

Hypothesis: To avoid further customs duties, Sand sold the piano to a local French couple, the Canuts.[n 8]


Premise: What remains unchanged in both the cases of the spaceship crew and of the stationary observer?

Hypothesis: In either case, however, causality remains unchanged: the past is the set of events that can send light signals to an entity and the future is the set of events to which an entity can send light signals.


Premise: What is the name of the thicker-stroked writing used for the Quran beginning in the 9th century?

Hypothesis: Probably in the ninth century, scripts began to feature thicker strokes, which are traditionally known as Kufic scripts.


Premise: What industry is responsible for a large growth in Detroit's population?

Hypothesis: The city's population increased more than sixfold during the first half of the 20th century, fed largely by an influx of European, Middle Eastern (Lebanese, Assyrian/Chaldean), and Southern migrants to work in the burgeoning automobile industry.


Premise: The public hospital that has been around the longest in the US is what?

Hypothesis: Bellevue is the designated hospital for treatment of the President of the United States and other world leaders if they become sick or injured while in New York City.


Premise: How many visitors go to the Alps annually?

Hypothesis: The traditional culture of farming, cheesemaking, and woodworking still exists in Alpine villages, although the tourist industry began to grow early in the 20th century and expanded greatly after World War II to become the dominant industry by the end of the century.


Premise: Under whose rule were new Christian festivals added to previous Roman holidays?

Hypothesis: In his Fasti, a long-form poem covering Roman holidays from January to June, Ovid presents a unique look at Roman antiquarian lore, popular customs, and religious practice that is by turns imaginative, entertaining, high-minded, and scurrilous; not a priestly account, despite the speaker's pose as a vates or inspired poet-prophet, but a work of description, imagination and poetic etymology that reflects the broad humor and burlesque spirit of such venerable festivals as the Saturnalia, Consualia, and feast of Anna Perenna on the Ides of March, where Ovid treats the assassination of the newly deified Julius Caesar as utterly incidental to the festivities among the Roman people.


Premise: When did the US Court of Appeals rule in the case of ACLU v. Mercer County?

Hypothesis: On December 20, 2005, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ruled in the case of ACLU v. Mercer County that the continued display of the Ten Commandments as part of a larger display on American legal traditions in a Kentucky courthouse was allowed, because the purpose of the display (educating the public on American legal traditions) was secular in nature.


Premise: Name two infrastructure projects Nasser spearheaded.

Hypothesis: His presidency also encouraged and coincided with an Egyptian cultural boom, and launched large industrial projects, including the Aswan Dam and Helwan City.


Premise: Which Nigerian political party was mostly Yoruba?

Hypothesis: The opposition comprised the comparatively liberal Action Group (AG), which was largely dominated by the Yoruba and led by Obafemi Awolowo.


Premise: What was the name of the village that grew at Cow Ford?

Hypothesis: In the Middle Ages, the site of the future palace formed part of the Manor of Ebury (also called Eia).


Premise: The resurgence of traditional pop was one of the factors that led to what change in the music market?

Hypothesis: The early 1990s marked the softening of urban R&B at the same time alternative rock emerged and traditional pop saw a significant resurgence.


Premise: In what area of Somalia can one find the tombs decorated with plants?

Hypothesis: However, there have been cases in the past of artistic depictions representing living creatures, such as certain ancient rock paintings in northern Somalia, the golden birds on the Mogadishan canopies, and the plant decorations on religious tombs in southern Somalia.


Premise: With who does Armenia have bad relations?

Hypothesis: Armenia presently maintains good relations with almost every country in the world, with two major exceptions being its immediate neighbours, Turkey and Azerbaijan.


Premise: What organization advises the Tucson government on bike concerns?

Hypothesis: The Tucson-Pima County Bicycle Advisory Committee (TPCBAC) serves in an advisory capacity to local governments on issues relating to bicycle recreation, transportation, and safety.


Premise: Who owns Philip Morris USA?

Hypothesis: Capital One and Altria company's Philip Morris USA are two of the largest private Richmond-area employers.


Premise: What shape does the eastern end often exhibit in France?

Hypothesis: While German churches are often similar to those of France, in Italy, the eastern projection beyond the transept is usually just a shallow apsidal chapel containing the sanctuary, as at Florence Cathedral.


Premise: What city did a peaceful match between two armies take place in 2007?

Hypothesis: The Côte d'Ivoire national football team helped secure a truce to the nation's civil war in 2006 and it helped further reduce tensions between government and rebel forces in 2007 by playing a match in the rebel capital of Bouaké, an occasion that brought both armies together peacefully for the first time.


Premise: What is another word for rock composition?

Hypothesis: The Alpine orogeny occurred in ongoing cycles through to the Paleogene causing differences in nappe structures, with a late-stage orogeny causing the development of the Jura Mountains.


Premise: What was the impact of the war on the wealth of Austria?

Hypothesis: This power dynamic is important to the future and the latter conflicts of the empire.


Premise: Who did the Ukrainian Bolsheviks conquer the Ukraine from?

Hypothesis: After conquering the rest of Ukraine from the Whites, Ukraine joined the USSR and was enlarged (gaining Crimea and then Eastern Galicia), whence a process of Ukrainization was begun, with encouragement from Moscow.


Premise: What percentage of the June 2010 graduates received federal or private loans?

Hypothesis: Approximately 44 percent of the June 2010 graduates had received federal and/or private loans for their undergraduate education, graduating with an average debt of $17,200.


Premise: What are earnings from crude oil in Rajasthan expected to be in 2013?

Hypothesis: Once this limit is achieved Rajasthan will become a leader in Crude extraction in Country.


Premise: What particular sect is a patron of this belief ?

Hypothesis: Some Lutherans, such as the members of the Anglo-Lutheran Catholic Church, support the doctrine.


Premise: Southampton has been redeveloped almost entirely in the years since which war?

Hypothesis: Pockets of Georgian architecture survived the war, but much of the city was levelled.


Premise: Who was thought to be influenced by continental Anabaptists?

Hypothesis: A minority view is that early seventeenth-century Baptists were influenced by (but not directly connected to) continental Anabaptists.


Premise: From which area does tourism bring the most income?

Hypothesis: Tourism brings in the most income from the sale of handicrafts.


Premise: City University London is related to what specialized business school?

Hypothesis: There are a number of business schools in London, including the London School of Business and Finance, Cass Business School (part of City University London), Hult International Business School, ESCP Europe, European Business School London, Imperial College Business School and the London Business School.


Premise: What did youtube announce in Feb of 2015?

Hypothesis: Later on August 26, 2015, YouTube Gaming was launched, a platform for video gaming enthusiasts intended to compete with Twitch.tv.


Premise: What is the largest criticism leveled by consumers against Comcast

Hypothesis: Critics also point out a lack of competition in the vast majority of Comcast's service area; there is limited competition among cable providers.


Premise: What does an inker do?

Hypothesis: Particularly in American superhero comic books, the art may be divided between a penciller, who lays out the artwork in pencil; an inker, who finishes the artwork in ink; a colourist; and a letterer, who adds the captions and speech balloons.


Premise: What was the first Universal film to use the three-strip Technicolor process?

Hypothesis: As Universal's main product had always been low-budget film, it was one of the last major studios to have a contract with Technicolor.


Premise: What type of competition is a major feature of the festival?

Hypothesis: The groups compete for the Calypso Monarch Award, while the air is redolent with the smells of Bajan cooking during the Bridgetown Market Street Fair.


Premise: What is created by contact between parts of the motor?

Hypothesis: Many of the limitations of the classic commutator DC motor are due to the need for brushes to press against the commutator.


Premise: Why did Palermo substancially grow in size?

Hypothesis: The reduced importance of agriculture in the Sicilian economy has led to a massive migration to the cities, especially Palermo, which swelled in size, leading to rapid expansion towards the north.


Premise: What date did Namibia get it's official name?

Hypothesis: Attempts to persuade South Africa to agree to the plan's implementation were not successful until 1988 when the transition to independence finally started under a diplomatic agreement between South Africa, Angola and Cuba, with the USSR and the USA as observers, under which South Africa agreed to withdraw and demobilise its forces in Namibia.


Premise: How often does Namibia conduct a census?

Hypothesis: The data collection method is to count every person resident in Namibia on the census reference night, wherever they happen to be.


Premise: Who are Oklahoma's US Senators?

Hypothesis: For the 112th Congress (2011–2013), there were no changes in party strength, and the delegation included four Republicans and one Democrat.


Premise: The Rock's persona is seen as what?

Hypothesis: Some can be unrealistic and cartoon-like (such as Doink the Clown), while others carry more verisimilitude and can be seen as exaggerated versions of the performer's real life personality (such as Chris Jericho, The Rock, John Cena, Stone Cold Steve Austin, and CM Punk).


Premise: In 1911, Russians occupied Northern Iran under what pretext?

Hypothesis: On the pretext of restoring order, the Russians occupied Northern Iran in 1911, and maintained a military presence in the region for years to come.


Premise: What is a uplight used for ambient lighting?

Hypothesis: A torchiere is an uplight intended for ambient lighting.


Premise: Why did the King of England have issues with parliment in the 17th century?

Hypothesis: When the monarchy was restored in England, the king found it politically impossible to restore all the lands of former land-owners in Ireland.


Premise: Who, upon reprinting, will often append the dates on which the treaty was ratified and came into effect?

Hypothesis: The signatures of the parties' representatives follow at the very end.


Premise: What month did the Japanese launch an offensive into India?

Hypothesis: The Japanese responded to the Allied attacks by launching an offensive of their own into India in the middle of March, across the mountainous and densely forested frontier.


Premise: What replaced the Browning 37nn because of jamming issues?

Hypothesis: It was standardised in 1927 as the T9 AA cannon, but trials quickly revealed that it was worthless in the ground role.


Premise: What does continuing to eat do for your illness?

Hypothesis: Continued feeding speeds the recovery of normal intestinal function.


Premise: What brought a change in vocabulary?

Hypothesis: The far East, a phrase containing a noun, East, qualified by an adjective, far, could be at any location in the "far east" of the speaker's home territory.


Premise: How high do the mountains get in Mexico City's region?

Hypothesis: It has a minimum altitude of 2,200 meters (7,200 feet) above sea level and is surrounded by mountains and volcanoes that reach elevations of over 5,000 metres (16,000 feet).


Premise: Because of copper's biostatic properties where is a common use for copper?

Hypothesis: For this reason it has long been used to line parts of ships to protect against barnacles and mussels.


Premise: Where did the attendance at Arsenal games rank in relation to other English clubs?

Hypothesis: The fanbase is large and generally loyal, and virtually all home matches sell out; in 2007–08 Arsenal had the second-highest average League attendance for an English club (60,070, which was 99.5% of available capacity), and, as of 2015, the third-highest all-time average attendance.


Premise: What group did Andrew Crombie Ramsay belong to?

Hypothesis: Louis Agassiz and others established the reality of continent-covering ice ages, and "fluvialists" like Andrew Crombie Ramsay argued that river valleys were formed, over millions of years by the rivers that flow through them.


Premise: How long after the annexation of Kresy was the amendment made?

Hypothesis: On 28 September 1939, the Soviet Union and German Reich issued a joint declaration in which they declared:


Premise: Who sponsored the Toledo School of Translators?

Hypothesis: European scholars had access to the translation programs of Raymond of Toledo, who sponsored the 12th century Toledo School of Translators from Arabic to Latin.


Premise: During the Australian constitutional crisis, what Prime Minister was dismissed?

Hypothesis: She declined, stating that she would not interfere in decisions reserved by the Constitution of Australia for the governor-general.


Premise: What contexts do racial social constructs develop within?

Hypothesis: These constructs develop within various legal, economic, and sociopolitical contexts, and may be the effect, rather than the cause, of major social situations.


Premise: What was the name of the clone in Poland?

Hypothesis: A Famicom clone was marketed in Argentina under the name of "Family Game", resembling the original hardware design.


Premise: What kind of tournaments does Cedar Ridge Country Club host?

Hypothesis: Rated one of the top golf courses in the nation, Southern Hills has hosted four PGA Championships, including one in 2007, and three U.S. Opens, the most recent in 2001.


Premise: In what case did the Supreme Court allow Section 1983 to be used to challenge a method of execution?

Hypothesis: In the 2006 Hill v. McDonough case, however, the United States Supreme Court approved the use of Section 1983 as a vehicle for challenging a state's method of execution as cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment.


Premise: What Buddhist movement has linked more than 12 million people?

Hypothesis: In the second half of the 20th Century a modern movement in Nichiren Buddhism: Soka Gakkai (Value Creation Society) emerged in Japan and spread further to other countries.


Premise: Homeostasis is defined as what?

Hypothesis: Maintaining homeostasis is a crucial function of the brain.


Premise: How similar are the positions on the persistence of objects?

Hypothesis: One argument perdurantists use to state the superiority of their view is that perdurantism is able to take account of change in objects.


Premise: What category do composite panels, strand board, and plywood all fit into?

Hypothesis: These products include glued laminated timber (glulam), wood structural panels (including plywood, oriented strand board and composite panels), laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and other structural composite lumber (SCL) products, parallel strand lumber, and I-joists.


Premise: What invention led to an increase in efficiency in the farming of heavy soils?

Hypothesis: The development of a three-field rotation system for planting crops[AA] increased the usage of land from one half in use each year under the old two-field system to two-thirds under the new system, with a consequent increase in production.


Premise: What is another name for Ingvaeonic?

Hypothesis: This included most of present-day England, as well as part of what is now southeastern Scotland, which for several centuries belonged to the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria.


Premise: Which plan defended the "No Re-election" principle?

Hypothesis: Lerdeo de Tejada won the election, but lost popularity after he announced his intent to run for re-election.


Premise: Adrenalize topped US album charts for how long?

Hypothesis: Additionally, The Black Crowes released their debut album, Shake Your Money Maker (1990), which contained a bluesy classic rock sound and sold five million copies.


Premise: Who was the "fittest city in the UK" ahead of Southampton in 2007?

Hypothesis: In 2007, it had slipped one place behind London, but was still ranked first when it came to the parks and green spaces available for exercise and the amount of television watched by Sotonians was the lowest in the country.


Premise: What's another name for the concentric rings in trees?

Hypothesis: In the dicotyledons, the bundles in the very young stem are arranged in an open ring, separating a central pith from an outer cortex.


Premise: Who did the first wave of Greek settlement consist of?

Hypothesis: The first wave consisted of Mycenaean Greek traders who started visiting Cyprus around 1400 BC.


Premise: What are multiple protein coding sequences transcribed as?

Hypothesis: Many prokaryotic genes are organized into operons, with multiple protein-coding sequences that are transcribed as a unit.


Premise: What was Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow position?

Hypothesis: In October he finally reached Leipzig, where he met Schumann, Clara Wieck and Felix Mendelssohn, who organised for him a performance of his own oratorio St. Paul, and who considered him "a perfect musician".


Premise: What is one of the historical certain facts about Jesus?

Hypothesis: Christopher M. Tuckett states that, although the exact reasons for the death of Jesus are hard to determine, one of the indisputable facts about him is that he was crucified.


Premise: During which decade did Whitehead's focus start shifting away from mathematics?

Hypothesis: Today Whitehead's philosophical works – particularly Process and Reality – are regarded as the foundational texts of process philosophy.


Premise: What method did Plato use to understand political systems?

Hypothesis: Later, Plato analyzed political systems, abstracted their analysis from more literary- and history- oriented studies and applied an approach we would understand as closer to philosophy.


Premise: When was Columbus' first voyage?

Hypothesis: While technically referring to the era before Christopher Columbus' voyages of 1492 to 1504, in practice the term usually includes the history of American indigenous cultures until Europeans either conquered or significantly influenced them, even if this happened decades or even centuries after Columbus' initial landing.


Premise: The domination of what helped create the Parisian dialect?

Hypothesis: A gradual immigration by the Franks also occurred in Paris in the beginning of the Frankish domination of Gaul which created the Parisian Francien dialects.


Premise: When did the residents of St. Barts file for separation from Guadeloupe?

Hypothesis: Saint Barthélemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France.


Premise: Schwarzenegger was the spokesperson for the Special Olympic games held in what city in China?

Hypothesis: In 2007, Schwarzenegger was the official spokesperson for the Special Olympics which were held in Shanghai, China.


Premise: Who moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing?

Hypothesis: Yuan demanded the capital be Beijing (closer to his power base).


Premise: When did Japan surrender?

Hypothesis: The formal and official surrender of Japan took place aboard the battleship USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay on 2 September 1945.


Premise: Lead oxide makes it easier to dissolve what?

Hypothesis: Lead oxide also facilitates solubility of other metal oxides and is used in colored glasses.


Premise: What country is about 4200 km from Guinea-Bissau?

Hypothesis: In the 1480s this Portuguese explorer reached the Congo River and the lands of Bakongo, setting up the foundations of modern Angola, some 4200 km down the African coast from Guinea-Bissau.


Premise: When the Ottoman forces were busy, who did Greece invade?

Hypothesis: When the Russians invaded the Principalities, the Ottoman forces were tied down so Greece invaded Thessaly and Epirus.


Premise: What is one example of nonverbal communication?

Hypothesis: Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses.


Premise: How many jobs in the primary sector were in forestry or lumber production?

Hypothesis: The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 109,358.


Premise: Liberia has the highest ratio of what?

Hypothesis: Liberia has the highest ratio of foreign direct investment to GDP in the world, with US$16 billion in investment since 2006.


Premise: How many Tuvaluan men are active seafarers?

Hypothesis: Tuvaluans are well known for their seafaring skills, with the Tuvalu Maritime Training Institute on Amatuku motu (island), Funafuti, providing training to approximately 120 marine cadets each year so that they have the skills necessary for employment as seafarers on merchant shipping.


Premise: How many major Islamic caliphates existed after Muhammad's death?

Hypothesis: The Umayyad family had first come to power under the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan (r. 644–656), but the Umayyad regime was founded by Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, long-time governor of Syria, after the end of the First Muslim Civil War in 661 CE/41 AH.


Premise: Where did he want to be buried?

Hypothesis: In his will around this time, he mentioned that he wished to be buried in the crypt of Saint Mark's in Venice with some of his predecessors rather than with the family in Sotto il Monte.


Premise: Until what event did the ancient methods of spinning and fabrication of cotton last?

Hypothesis: The earliest evidence of cotton use in South Asia has been found at the site of Mehrgarh, Pakistan, where cotton threads have been found preserved in copper beads; these finds have been dated to Neolithic (between 6000 and 5000 BCE).


Premise: What genre did Zane Grey write in?

Hypothesis: His favorite reading material for relaxation were the Western novels of Zane Grey.


Premise: A number of artists have cited Kanye as being what to them?

Hypothesis: No one's near doing what he’s doing, it’s not even on the same planet."


Premise: In what year was the First Crusade proclaimed?

Hypothesis: The First Crusade was proclaimed by Pope Urban II (pope 1088–99) at the Council of Clermont in 1095 in response to a request from the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118) for aid against further Muslim advances.


Premise: What was the name of the Pirate on board the Fancy who later teamed up with five other pirate captiains to attack the Indian Fleet?

Hypothesis: In September 1695, Captain Henry Every, an English pirate on board the Fancy, reached the Straits of Bab-el-Mandeb, where he teamed up with five other pirate captains to make an attack on the Indian fleet making the annual voyage to Mocha.


Premise: What was one factor behind the inefficiency of the French railway system?

Hypothesis: The Prussian General Staff had drawn up minutely detailed mobilization plans using the railway system, which in turn had been partly laid out in response to recommendations of a Railway Section within the General Staff.


Premise: What is the meaning of the word neuron in Greek?

Hypothesis: The original meaning of the word "neuron" in Greek is "vegetable fiber" and recent research has shown that most of the microorganism plant communication processes are neuron-like.


Premise: When did Madonna take voice lessons?

Hypothesis: During the filming of Evita, Madonna had to take vocal lessons, which increased her range further.


Premise: When were the mosaics in the Great Mosque in Corduba created?

Hypothesis: The mosaics were purported to evoke the glamour of the Great Mosque in Damascus, which was lost for the Umayyad family.


Premise: How much of the state is controlled by the Bureau of Land Management?

Hypothesis: According to an October 1998 report by the United States Bureau of Land Management, approximately 65% of Alaska is owned and managed by the U.S. federal government as public lands, including a multitude of national forests, national parks, and national wildlife refuges.


Premise: How did the Bovington sign course director think of Gaddafi?

Hypothesis: He later related that while he travelled to England believing it more advanced than Libya, he returned home "more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character."


Premise: What is the name of an Apple-produced iPod accessory?

Hypothesis: Many accessories have been made for the iPod line.


Premise: During which time period did Virgil's name become associated with miraclous powers?

Hypothesis: The structure known as "Virgil's tomb" is found at the entrance of an ancient Roman tunnel (also known as "grotta vecchia") in Piedigrotta, a district two miles from the centre of Naples, near the Mergellina harbor, on the road heading north along the coast to Pozzuoli.


Premise: What two winter sports would you do at the mountain range?

Hypothesis: Summerhaven is the road to Ski Valley which hosts a ski lift, several runs, a giftshop, and nearby restaurant.


Premise: What would the Chinese use to continue Confucian values?

Hypothesis: Their aim was to adopt western military technology in order to preserve Confucian values.


Premise: How many acres of land does Gateway Nation Recreation contain?

Hypothesis: Gateway National Recreation Area contains over 26,000 acres (10,521.83 ha) in total, most of it surrounded by New York City, including the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in Brooklyn and Queens, over 9,000 acres (36 km2) of salt marsh, islands, and water, including most of Jamaica Bay.


Premise: How many tourists are expected annually thanks to the airport?

Hypothesis: The airport is also expected to kick start the tourism industry, with up to 30,000 visitors expected annually.


Premise: What is resonated by a capacitor along with the receiver tuning that maintains resonance over the AM broadcast band?

Hypothesis: Resonating such an inductor with a capacitor at the frequency of operation not only cancels the reactance but greatly magnifies the very small radiation resistance of such a loop.[citation needed]


Premise: Providing a government service from the lowest form of local government that can adequately provide the service is called what?

Hypothesis: In the European Union, the principle of subsidiarity is applied: a government service should be provided by the lowest, most local authority that can competently provide it.


Premise: What kind of board does a university commonly have?

Hypothesis: Although each institution is organized differently, nearly all universities have a board of trustees; a president, chancellor, or rector; at least one vice president, vice-chancellor, or vice-rector; and deans of various divisions.


Premise: What school shooting prompted the creation of Demand A Plan?

Hypothesis: In December, Beyoncé along with a variety of other celebrities teamed up and produced a video campaign for "Demand A Plan", a bipartisan effort by a group of 950 US mayors and others designed to influence the federal government into rethinking its gun control laws, following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting.


Premise: What group did Andrew Crombie Ramsay belong to?

Hypothesis: Alfred Wegener's theory of "continental drift" was widely dismissed when he proposed it in the 1910s, but new data gathered in the 1950s and 1960s led to the theory of plate tectonics, which provided a plausible mechanism for it.


Premise: What Secretary of the Air Force resigned in 2008?

Hypothesis: To put more emphasis on nuclear assets, the USAF established the nuclear-focused Air Force Global Strike Command on 24 October 2008.


Premise: When did General Wavell resign as commander of the Allied forces of Southeastern Asia?

Hypothesis: Wavell resigned from ABDACOM on 25 February, handing control of the ABDA Area to local commanders and returning to the post of Commander-in-Chief, India.


Premise: Who decided to send British troops into Germany?

Hypothesis: Covered by naval bombardment, the army drove off the French force detailed to oppose their landing, captured Cherbourg, and destroyed its fortifications, docks, and shipping.


Premise: What do the katharos vase and vine refer to?

Hypothesis: The kantharos vase and vine refer to the eucharist, the symbol of the sacrifice of Christ leading to salvation.


Premise: What was it used for?

Hypothesis: His British colleague Hugh McGregor Ross helped to popularize this work –  according to Bemer, "so much so that the code that was to become ASCII was first called the Bemer-Ross Code in Europe".


Premise: What powers of a new UK police officer are the same as a Commissioner's?

Hypothesis: However, certain higher ranks have additional powers to authorize certain aspects of police operations, such as a power to authorize a search of a suspect's house (section 18 PACE in England and Wales) by an officer of the rank of Inspector, or the power to authorize a suspect's detention beyond 24 hours by a Superintendent.


Premise: Which family constructed the Basheer Bagh Palace?

Hypothesis: Other landmarks of note are Paigah Palace, Asman Garh Palace, Basheer Bagh Palace, Errum Manzil and the Spanish Mosque, all constructed by the Paigah family.:16–17


Premise: Sicily and Palermo became part of what Kingdom in 1861?

Hypothesis: From 1820 to 1848 Sicily was shaken by upheavals, which culminated on 12 January 1848, with a popular insurrection, the first one in Europe that year, led by Giuseppe La Masa.


Premise: How many jobs were created by the mid-1930s thanks to San Diego's tuna cannery that was developed in 1911?

Hypothesis: A large fishing fleet supported the canneries, mostly staffed by immigrant fishermen from Japan, and later from the Portuguese Azores and Italy whose influence is still felt in neighborhoods like Little Italy and Point Loma.


Premise: Who was John's eldest son?

Hypothesis: His eldest son, Henry III, ruled as king for the majority of the 13th century.


Premise: Which well known performer has used Sanskrit chants in her music?

Hypothesis: The song "Cyber-raga" from Madonna's album Music includes Sanskrit chants, and Shanti/Ashtangi from her 1998 album Ray of Light, which won a Grammy, is the ashtanga vinyasa yoga chant.


Premise: What does the study argue about the fundamental message regarding the existence of races?

Hypothesis: The study argues that the textbooks' fundamental message about the existence of races has changed little.


Premise: What is the burial place of Fructuoso Rivera?

Hypothesis: On the square are the Cabildo—the seat of colonial government—and the Montevideo Metropolitan Cathedral.


Premise: What is a sequence of MP3 frames called?

Hypothesis: The diagram shows that the MP3 Header consists of a sync word, which is used to identify the beginning of a valid frame.


Premise: What product did the mulberry garden produce?

Hypothesis: Clement Walker in Anarchia Anglicana (1649) refers to "new-erected sodoms and spintries at the Mulberry Garden at S. James's"; this suggests it may have been a place of debauchery.


Premise: What is the best known Cubist architecture building?

Hypothesis: A Cubist streetlamp has also been preserved near the Wenceslas Square, designed by Emil Králíček in 1912, who also built the Diamond House in the New Town of Prague around 1913.


Premise: Men's arousal patterns were found to be with?

Hypothesis: Men did not show any sexual arousal to non-human visual stimuli, their arousal patterns being in line with their specific sexual interest (women for heterosexual men and men for homosexual men).


Premise: Who was the last Ptolemaic monarch?

Hypothesis: Famously, the end of Ptolemaic Egypt came as the final act in the republican civil war between the Roman triumvirs Mark Anthony and Augustus Caesar.


Premise: Who was Dell's main business rival?

Hypothesis: It avoided many of the acquisition writedowns and management turnover that plagued its chief rival Hewlett Packard.


Premise: When did Beyonce partner with C&A to sell fashion in Brazil?

Hypothesis: On May 27, 2010, Beyoncé teamed up with clothing store C&A to launch Deréon by Beyoncé at their stores in Brazil.


Premise: How many crop seasons are there in Rajasthan?

Hypothesis: There are mainly two crop seasons.


Premise: The terms and travaux preparatoire of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights were both factors in determining what aspect of the treaty as it relates to North Korea's stated intentions?

Hypothesis: The possibility of withdrawal depends on the terms of the treaty and its travaux preparatoire.


Premise: Freemasons trace their origins to what?

Hypothesis: Members of these organisations are known as Freemasons or Masons.


Premise: What did the Jews need to pay to ride a horse into town?

Hypothesis: Until the end of the 18th century, Jews were forbidden to remain in town after 10 pm.


Premise: Who was the mid-season deal for?

Hypothesis: They led the Wild Card by 1.5 games over San Francisco and Houston on September 25, and both of those teams lost that day, giving the Cubs a chance at increasing the lead to a commanding 2.5 games with only eight games remaining in the season, but reliever LaTroy Hawkins blew a save to the Mets, and the Cubs lost the game in extra innings, a defeat that seemingly deflated the team, as they proceeded to drop 6 of their last 8 games as the Astros won the Wild Card.


Premise: How did people feel about Manchester's decision?

Hypothesis: The club claimed that they did not want to devalue the FA Cup by fielding a weaker side.


Premise: In what year did Jim Foster conceive of the idea of arena football?

Hypothesis: He presented the idea to a few friends at the NFL offices, where he received praise and encouragement for his concept.


Premise: What was the main action of humanism during the Renaissance>

Hypothesis: Renaissance humanism was an activity of cultural and educational reform engaged in by civic and ecclesiastical chancellors, book collectors, educators, and writers, who by the late fifteenth century began to be referred to as umanisti – "humanists".


Premise: What percentage of Manhattan residents own an automobile?

Hypothesis: New York is the only US city in which a majority (52%) of households do not have a car; only 22% of Manhattanites own a car.


Premise: What gene makes grapes purple?

Hypothesis: White" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape.


Premise: Who did an analysis of World Values Survey data?

Hypothesis: The Global Value Development Index, calculated by Tausch, relies on the World Values Survey dimensions such as trust in the state of law, no support for shadow economy, postmaterial activism, support for democracy, a non-acceptance of violence, xenophobia and racism, trust in transnational capital and Universities, confidence in the market economy, supporting gender justice, and engaging in environmental activism, etc.


Premise: When did Cruyff win his third Ballon d'Or?

Hypothesis: He was crowned European Footballer of the Year in 1973 during his first season with Barcelona (his second Ballon d'Or win; he won his first while playing for Ajax in 1971).


Premise: Of what venue was Chopin an often invited guest?

Hypothesis: Influences on his compositional style include Polish folk music, the classical tradition of J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert, the music of all of whom he admired, as well as the Paris salons where he was a frequent guest.


Premise: What kind of linguistics describes how factors of languages change in history?

Hypothesis: This is one of the main factors of historical change of languages as described in historical linguistics.


Premise: What did Mildred Burke form?

Hypothesis: The NWA, however, ceased to acknowledge Burke as their Women's World champion in 1954, and instead acknowledged June Byers as champion after a controversial finish to a high-profile match between Burke and Byers that year.


Premise: Where did Nintendo start unveiling the new systems?

Hypothesis: This is the system which would eventually be officially deployed as the Nintendo Entertainment System, or the colloquial "NES".


Premise: Are tidewater glaciers more or less affected by climate change than other glaciers?

Hypothesis: Most tidewater glaciers calve above sea level, which often results in a tremendous impact as the iceberg strikes the water.


Premise: How many types of genetic origin testing currently exist?

Hypothesis: Genome-wide association studies have also been employed to yield findings relevant to genetic origins.


Premise: Henry Purcell was buried where?

Hypothesis: Abbey musicians such as Henry Purcell were also buried in their place of work.[citation needed]


Premise: Tito Square is located in what Slovenian city?

Hypothesis: The court, however, explicitly made it clear that the purpose of the review was "not a verdict on Tito as a figure or on his concrete actions, as well as not a historical weighing of facts and circumstances".


Premise: What political movement was Paul VI criticized for having a relationship with?

Hypothesis: Some critiqued Paul VI's decision; the newly created Synod of Bishops had an advisory role only and could not make decisions on their own, although the Council decided exactly that.


Premise: Who headed the Nazis?

Hypothesis: The Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler, attempted to unite all the people they claimed were "Germans" (Volksdeutsche) into one realm, including ethnic Germans in eastern Europe, many of whom had emigrated more than one hundred fifty years before and developed separate cultures in their new lands.


Premise: Allotrophy happens between what temperatures?

Hypothesis: This causes the iron crystals to deform intrinsically when the crystal structure tries to change to its low temperature state, making it very hard and brittle.


Premise: What color is the plaque that marks the Spitfire designer's house?

Hypothesis: Its designer, R J Mitchell, lived in the Portswood area of Southampton, and his house is today marked with a blue plaque.


Premise: Where do Swiss militia keep their Army issued equipment?

Hypothesis: Compulsory military service concerns all male Swiss citizens; women can serve voluntarily.


Premise: Constitutional Court also serves as what type of arbiter?

Hypothesis: Mali's constitution provides for an independent judiciary, but the executive continues to exercise influence over the judiciary by virtue of power to appoint judges and oversee both judicial functions and law enforcement.


Premise: Under the rule of King Dom Carlos I, on what two days was Portugal declared bankrupt?

Hypothesis: On 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon.


Premise: What year did Taiwan begin teaching Hokkien in schools?

Hypothesis: In 1993, Taiwan became the first region in the world to implement the teaching of Taiwanese Hokkien in Taiwanese schools.


Premise: The Times began producing what kind of non-newspaper product in 1895?

Hypothesis: The flagship product is The Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World.


Premise: What is the average time for freezing temps?

Hypothesis: Early fall and late winter are generally dry; February's average of 2.64 inches (67 mm) makes it the area's driest month.


Premise: Which early traveler provided an early description of the Rus?

Hypothesis: Liutprand of Cremona, who was twice an envoy to the Byzantine court (949 and 968), identifies the "Russi" with the Norse ("the Russi, whom we call Norsemen by another name") but explains the name as a Greek term referring to their physical traits ("A certain people made up of a part of the Norse, whom the Greeks call [...] the Russi on account of their physical features, we designate as Norsemen because of the location of their origin.").


Premise: When did the Arme-Shupria rule?

Hypothesis: Soon after Hayasa-Azzi were Arme-Shupria (1300s–1190 BC), the Nairi (1400–1000 BC) and the Kingdom of Urartu (860–590 BC), who successively established their sovereignty over the Armenian Highland.


Premise: How are tags assigned if there are more hunters than game?

Hypothesis: Tags must be purchased in addition to the hunting license, and the number of tags issued to an individual is typically limited.


Premise: Computing resources that are created in cell phones are called what?

Hypothesis: These so-called smartphones and tablets run on a variety of operating systems and have become the dominant computing device on the market, with manufacturers reporting having shipped an estimated 237 million devices in 2Q 2013.


Premise: Where did the march happen?

Hypothesis: On June 5, 1988, as the official celebrations of the Millennium were held in Moscow, the Ukrainian Cultural Club hosted its own observances in Kiev at the monument to St. Volodymyr


Premise: How many segments make up an insects abdomen?

Hypothesis: During the embryonic stage of many insects and the postembryonic stage of primitive insects, 11 abdominal segments are present.


Premise: Who oversees the transit network in Paris?

Hypothesis: The Syndicat des transports d'Île-de-France (STIF), formerly Syndicat des transports parisiens (STP), oversees the transit network in the region.