Premise: What type of human knowledge is "the sun rises in the East"?

Hypothesis: Mathematical and logical propositions (e.g. "that the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the two sides") are examples of the first, while propositions involving some contingent observation of the world (e.g. "the sun rises in the East") are examples of the second.


Premise: Why are dogs seen as unclean in Islam?

Hypothesis: Islamic activists in Lérida, Spain, lobbied for dogs to be kept out of Muslim neighborhoods, saying their presence violated Muslims' religious freedom.


Premise: What was the first type of government that Libya had?

Hypothesis: From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops.


Premise: What debt did the ECB focus on abtaining?

Hypothesis: ECB buying focused primarily on Spanish and Italian debt.


Premise: How is labor often divided in these groups?

Hypothesis: Their rates are even better when they combine forces with men: mixed hunting groups have a full 41% success rate among the Aeta."


Premise: What is Beyonce's net worth in 2015?

Hypothesis: MTV estimated that by the end of 2014, Beyoncé would become the highest-paid black musician in history; she succeeded to do so in April 2014.


Premise: Where is the church of Saint George?

Hypothesis: The Madaba Map is the oldest surviving cartographic depiction of the Holy Land.


Premise: Who was a prominent British Baptist missionary in Jamaica?

Hypothesis: Baptists were likewise active in promoting the education of former slaves; for example, Jamaica's Calabar High School, named after the slave port of Calabar, was formed by Baptist missionaries.


Premise: When did the Chinese and US military have their first confrontation in Korea?

Hypothesis: After decimating the ROK II Corps at the Battle of Onjong, the first confrontation between Chinese and U.S. military occurred on 1 November 1950; deep in North Korea, thousands of soldiers from the PVA 39th Army encircled and attacked the U.S. 8th Cavalry Regiment with three-prong assaults—from the north, northwest, and west—and overran the defensive position flanks in the Battle of Unsan.


Premise: What percentage of the country does it make up?

Hypothesis: The state of Chihuahua is the largest state in the country and is known as El Estado Grande (The Big State); it accounts for 12.6% of the land of Mexico.


Premise: What percent of the population were Roman Catholic?

Hypothesis: Of the rest of the population, there were 1,874 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.46% of the population), there were 229 persons (or about 0.18% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 5,531 persons (or about 4.30% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.


Premise: Which scientist argued that Darwinism was atheism?

Hypothesis: Even though the book had barely hinted at human evolution, it quickly became central to the debate as mental and moral qualities were seen as spiritual aspects of the immaterial soul, and it was believed that animals did not have spiritual qualities.


Premise: A host computer tricked into indirectly allowing access to restricted files is known as what?

Hypothesis: Using ACLs to confine programs has been proven to be insecure in many situations, such as if the host computer can be tricked into indirectly allowing restricted file access, an issue known as the confused deputy problem.


Premise: What were India's two largest political parties in the 1940s?

Hypothesis: India's two major political parties—the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League—had been campaigning for independence for decades, but disagreed as to how it should be implemented.


Premise: Halo 3 was released in what year?

Hypothesis: Gears of War would become the best-selling game on the console with 3 million copies in 2006, before being surpassed in 2007 by Halo 3 with over 8 million copies.


Premise: What was the English name of the magazine published by the Revolutionary Committees?

Hypothesis: On 2 March 1979, the GPC announced the separation of government and revolution, the latter being represented by new Revolutionary Committees, who operated in tandem with the People's Committees in schools, universities, unions, the police force and the military.


Premise: Why were the Fennica and Nordica chartered?

Hypothesis: Around the same time period, a reporter for Fortune magazine spoke with Edward Itta, an Inupiat Eskimo leader and the former mayor of the North Slope Borough, who expressed that he was conflicted about Shell's plans in the Arctic, as he was very concerned that an oil spill could destroy the Inupiat Eskimo's hunting-and-fishing culture, but his borough also received major tax revenue from oil and gas production; additionally, further revenue from energy activity was considered crucial to the future of the living standard in Itta's community.


Premise: What drug does Nigeria ship from South America to Europe and South Africa?

Hypothesis: Nigeria is home to a substantial network of organised crime, active especially in drug trafficking.


Premise: Most Grand Lodges require a candidate to declare a belief in what?

Hypothesis: In addition, most Grand Lodges require the candidate to declare a belief in a Supreme Being.


Premise: Who was the professor of Yale Divinity School that led the student militia to confront the Redcoats?

Hypothesis: Yale president Ezra Stiles recounted in his diary that while he moved furniture in anticipation of battle, he still couldn't quite believe the revolution had begun.


Premise: What does bandes dessinées mean?

Hypothesis: Goscinny and Uderzo's The Adventures of Asterix appeared in it and went on to become the best-selling French-language comics series.


Premise: What was the average viewership in the United States during the 2014-15 season?

Hypothesis: NBC Sports reached a six-year extension with the Premier League in 2015 to broadcast the league through the 2021–22 season in a deal valued at $1 billion (£640 million).


Premise: What does the bel and decibel measure?

Hypothesis: The bel (B) and the smaller decibel (dB) are units of measurement of sound intensity invented by Bell Labs and named after him.


Premise: In what year did New York City adopt the mayor-council form of government?

Hypothesis: The government of New York is more centralized than that of most other U.S. cities.


Premise: In what century did Saint Nicholas become the influence for red being worn by Santa Claus?

Hypothesis: In Christian countries, it is the color traditionally worn at Christmas by Santa Claus, because in the 4th century the historic Saint Nicholas was the Greek Christian Bishop of Myra, in modern-day Turkey, and bishops then dressed in red.


Premise: When are stepper motors most useful?

Hypothesis: Stepper motors are a type of motor frequently used when precise rotations are required.


Premise: Rosen suggests that a central part of Chopin's uniqueness is how he handles what?

Hypothesis: Nicholas Temperley writes that "improvisation is designed for an audience, and its starting-point is that audience's expectations, which include the current conventions of musical form.


Premise: By what year had Melbourne overtaken Sydney as Australia's most populous city?

Hypothesis: Additionally, Melbourne along with the Victorian regional cities of Ballarat and Geelong became the wealthiest cities in the world during the Gold Rush era.


Premise: Which types of lamps may have particularly short lives?

Hypothesis: Theatrical, photographic, and projection lamps may have a useful life of only a few hours, trading life expectancy for high output in a compact form.


Premise: What did Shell indicate was a reason for the strategic review of operations in Nigeria?

Hypothesis: In August 2014, the company disclosed it was in the process of finalizing the sale of its interests in four Nigerian oil fields.


Premise: How old is the city of Palermo?

Hypothesis: Palermo is located in the northwest of the island of Sicily, right by the Gulf of Palermo in the Tyrrhenian Sea.


Premise: In what war were the Czechs defeated at the Battle of White Mountain?

Hypothesis: This, and the conversion of the Czech upper classes from the Habsburg Empire's Catholicism to Protestantism, angered the Habsburgs and helped trigger the Thirty Years' War (where the Czechs were defeated at the Battle of White Mountain).


Premise: Who lost the architectural contest?

Hypothesis: As for modern and contemporary architecture, Strasbourg possesses some fine Art Nouveau buildings (such as the huge Palais des Fêtes and houses and villas like Villa Schutzenberger and Hôtel Brion), good examples of post-World War II functional architecture (the Cité Rotterdam, for which Le Corbusier did not succeed in the architectural contest) and, in the very extended Quartier Européen, some spectacular administrative buildings of sometimes utterly large size, among which the European Court of Human Rights building by Richard Rogers is arguably the finest.


Premise: What are these districts known as?

Hypothesis: The State of Israel is divided into six main administrative districts, known as mehozot (מחוזות; singular: mahoz) – Center, Haifa, Jerusalem, North, Southern, and Tel Aviv Districts, as well as the Judea and Samaria Area in the West Bank.


Premise: What time periods did the Indus Valley civilization flourish?

Hypothesis: The history of the area that now constitutes Himachal Pradesh dates back to the time when the Indus valley civilisation flourished between 2250 and 1750 BCE.


Premise: What government building is the Museum of the Confederacy located near?

Hypothesis: Near the riverfront is the Richmond National Battlefield Park Visitors Center and the American Civil War Center at Historic Tredegar, both housed in the former buildings of the Tredegar Iron Works, where much of the ordnance for the war was produced.


Premise: What remained an important focus during the 1950s and 1960s?

Hypothesis: Communism remained an important focus especially during the 1950s and 1960s.


Premise: What rediscovered inheritance was thought to invalidate Darwin's views on evolution?

Hypothesis: The range of evolutionary theories during "the eclipse of Darwinism" included forms of "saltationism" in which new species were thought to arise through "jumps" rather than gradual adaptation, forms of orthogenesis claiming that species had an inherent tendency to change in a particular direction, and forms of neo-Lamarckism in which inheritance of acquired characteristics led to progress.


Premise: What does antibiosis mean?

Hypothesis: The term 'antibiosis', meaning "against life", was introduced by the French bacteriologist Jean Paul Vuillemin as a descriptive name of the phenomenon exhibited by these early antibacterial drugs.


Premise: What were the stylistic elements of the parade imported with in colonial times?

Hypothesis: The Carnival in Uruguay covers more than 40 days, generally beginning towards the end of January and running through mid March.


Premise: Dr. Feelgood and the Kursaal Flyers are examples of bands from what genre of music?

Hypothesis: During the 1970s pubs provided an outlet for a number of bands, such as Kilburn and the High Roads, Dr. Feelgood and The Kursaal Flyers, who formed a musical genre called Pub rock that was a precursor to Punk music.


Premise: During what year did Tito become increasingly ill?

Hypothesis: During this time Vila Srna was built for his use near Morović in the event of his recovery.


Premise: What is magnetoception?

Hypothesis: Using the sun for direction involves the need for making compensation based on the time.


Premise: Who stated that he could not support the adoption since he was alive??

Hypothesis: Mercy's grandmother had initially protested the adoption, but later gave in, saying "At first I didn't want her to go but as a family we had to sit down and reach an agreement and we agreed that Mercy should go.


Premise: How many people might live in a large peasant settlement?

Hypothesis: Others lived in small groups of a few families and still others lived on isolated farms spread over the countryside.


Premise: Several proposals have been raised to do what?

Hypothesis: Several proposals have been raised to adjust the work week with the majority of the world, and make Sunday a non-working day, while extending working time of other days or replacing Friday with Sunday as a work day.


Premise: What is the function of the Royal Institute's Visiting Boards?

Hypothesis: RIBA Visiting Boards continue to assess courses for exemption from the RIBA's examinations in architecture.


Premise: Where was Brigham  Young's school originally believed to be located?

Hypothesis: On October 16, 1875, Brigham Young, then president of the LDS Church, personally purchased the Lewis Building after previously hinting that a school would be built in Draper, Utah in 1867.


Premise: Where were the mana'chag located?

Hypothesis: The matua were located in the coastal villages, which meant they had the best access to fishing grounds, whereas the mana'chang were located in the interior of the island.


Premise: Was is guaranteed that a first born son would receive all of the family's fortune?

Hypothesis: Daughters received a portion of the family fortune through their marriage dowries, though this was usually much less than the shares of sons.


Premise: When did Madonna appear in the play Up For Grabs at the Wyndhams Theatre?

Hypothesis: In May 2002 she appeared in London in the West End play Up For Grabs at the Wyndhams Theatre (billed as 'Madonna Ritchie'), to universally bad reviews and was described as "the evening's biggest disappointment" by one.


Premise: What primary body part is affected by tuberculosis?

Hypothesis: Infection of other organs can cause a wide range of symptoms.


Premise: Who was the first person to connect several Leyden jars in parallel?

Hypothesis: Daniel Gralath was the first to combine several jars in parallel into a "battery" to increase the charge storage capacity.


Premise: What game was created, to later be banned by administration?

Hypothesis: In the second half of the 20th century Bladderball, a campus-wide game played with a large inflatable ball, became a popular tradition but was banned by administration due to safety concerns.


Premise: What country was opposed to the invasion of the canal?

Hypothesis: By the end of December, British and French forces had totally withdrawn from Egyptian territory, while Israel completed its withdrawal in March 1957 and released all Egyptian prisoners of war.


Premise: What day of the week did Churchill and the King meet?

Hypothesis: Every Tuesday for four and a half years from September 1940, the two men met privately for lunch to discuss the war in secret and with frankness.


Premise: Who filed a patent for the field-effect transistor?

Hypothesis: Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld filed a patent for a field-effect transistor (FET) in Canada in 1925, which was intended to be a solid-state replacement for the triode.


Premise: What was the price paid for the newspaper?

Hypothesis: Seizing the opportunity to increase his presence on Fleet Street, he made an agreement with the print unions, promising fewer redundancies if he acquired the newspaper.


Premise: What gospel talks about breaking Jesus' legs?

Hypothesis: John is also the only one to refer to the request that the legs be broken and the soldier's subsequent piercing of Jesus' side (as fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy), as well as that Nicodemus assisted Joseph with burial.


Premise: What is the current international unit of time?

Hypothesis: Time is also of significant social importance, having economic value ("time is money") as well as personal value, due to an awareness of the limited time in each day and in human life spans.


Premise: What two political parties dominate Portugal's government?

Hypothesis: Portugal operates a multi-party system of competitive legislatures/local administrative governments at the national-, regional- and local-levels.


Premise: How many people had Boko Haram killed by May 2014?

Hypothesis: Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan in May 2014 claimed that Boko Haram attacks have left at least 12,000 people dead and 8,000 people crippled.


Premise: What text was proof that Avicenna debated philosophy with some of the greatest scholars of the time?

Hypothesis: The study of the Quran and the Hadith thrived in such a scholarly atmosphere.


Premise: What does Houston's mayor also serve as?

Hypothesis: Houston's mayor serves as the city's chief administrator, executive officer, and official representative, and is responsible for the general management of the city and for seeing that all laws and ordinances are enforced.


Premise: Under which Field Marshall were the combined German forces commanded?

Hypothesis: The combined German forces, under Field Marshal Count Helmuth von Moltke, were the Prussian First and Second Armies of the North German Confederation numbering about 210 infantry battalions, 133 cavalry squadrons, and 732 heavy cannons totaling 188,332 officers and men.


Premise: What  Chunichi Dragons  start was signed to the Cubs in 2008?

Hypothesis: The offseason was dominated by three months of unsuccessful trade talks with the Orioles involving 2B Brian Roberts, as well as the signing of Chunichi Dragons star Kosuke Fukudome.


Premise: Chopin was actually born outside of Warsaw at what location?

Hypothesis: The parish baptismal record gives his birthday as 22 February 1810, and cites his given names in the Latin form Fridericus Franciscus (in Polish, he was Fryderyk Franciszek).


Premise: As what was Constantine honored when he died?

Hypothesis: Constantine united the empire as an absolute head of state, and on his death, he was honored as a Christian, Imperial, and "divus".


Premise: What was the name of the treaty that brought the dialects of Belgium and the Netherlands together?

Hypothesis: Since standardisation is a lengthy process, Dutch-speaking Belgium associated itself with the standard language that had already developed in the Netherlands over the centuries.


Premise: What county did Plymouth unsuccessfully attempt to see created?

Hypothesis: The campaign was not successful, and Plymouth ceased to be a county borough on 1 April 1974 with responsibility for education, social services, highways and libraries transferred to Devon County Council.


Premise: What is one kind of therapy that may be used when a patience has an infection, but it has not been identified?

Hypothesis: While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spectrum antibiotic.


Premise: What is the population of CAR approximately?

Hypothesis: It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the east, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo to the south and Cameroon to the west.


Premise: What can a tax certificate issued by a South Africian NPO be used for?

Hypothesis: In South Africa, charities issue a tax certificate when requested by donors which can be used as a tax deduction by the donor. Non


Premise: Who describes the "Evil Quartet"?

Hypothesis: The most authoritative classification in use today is IUCN's Classification of Direct Threats which has been adopted by major international conservation organizations such as the US Nature Conservancy, the World Wildlife Fund, Conservation International, and BirdLife International.


Premise: What is the average snowfall per year in the City of Boston?

Hypothesis: The city averages 43.8 inches (1,110 mm) of precipitation a year, with 43.8 inches (111 cm) of snowfall per season.


Premise: What year did Charles Babbage find out that An Analytical Engine was possible?

Hypothesis: The machine would also be able to punch numbers onto cards to be read in later.


Premise: When was the original iPod released?

Hypothesis: The first line was released on October 23, 2001, about 8½ months after iTunes (Macintosh version) was released.


Premise: What lake did Don Bosco predict?

Hypothesis: Don Bosco is Brasília's patron saint.


Premise: What does the Quran verse 17:71 say?

Hypothesis: Regarding 17:71, no age can be without an Imam.


Premise: How many British troops died at the Massacre of Chumik Shenko?

Hypothesis: When the British-led invasion reached Tibet on December 12, 1903, an armed confrontation with the ethnic Tibetans resulted in the Massacre of Chumik Shenko, which resulted in 600 fatalities amongst the Tibetan forces, compared to only 12 on the British side.


Premise: How many police were killed in Lagos in Aug 2000-May 2001?

Hypothesis: According to official statistics, gang violence in Lagos resulted in 273 civilians and 84 policemen killed in the period of August 2000 to May 2001.


Premise: What must one understand in order to create a successful data model?

Hypothesis: Designing a good conceptual data model requires a good understanding of the application domain; it typically involves asking deep questions about the things of interest to an organisation, like "can a customer also be a supplier?", or "if a product is sold with two different forms of packaging, are those the same product or different products?", or "if a plane flies from New York to Dubai via Frankfurt, is that one flight or two (or maybe even three)?".


Premise: What title did Complex award Beyoncé?

Hypothesis: In January 2013, GQ placed her on its cover, featuring her atop its "100 Sexiest Women of the 21st Century" list.


Premise: The organization stated that analysis should be based on comparison of neighborhoods within the city and not what?

Hypothesis: However, an analysis by the Regional Data Cooperative for Greater New Haven, Inc., has shown that due to issues of comparative denominators and other factors, such municipality-based rankings can be considered inaccurate.


Premise: What is the population of New York's Combined Statistical Area?

Hypothesis: By 2014 census estimates, the New York City metropolitan region remains by a significant margin the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.1 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.6 million residents).


Premise: What group was responsible for recognizing Paul Vi's miracle?

Hypothesis: In December 2013, Vatican officials approved a supposed miracle that was attributed to the intercession of the late pontiff which was the curing of an unborn child in California, U.S.A in the 1990s.


Premise: Slaveholders were prevented from being appointed as what?

Hypothesis: The Home Mission Society prevented slaveholders from being appointed as missionaries.


Premise: what animal was threatened with the fuel oil spill?

Hypothesis: On 16 March 2011, the freighter MS Oliva ran aground on Nightingale Island, spilling tons of heavy fuel oil into the ocean, leaving an oil slick threatening the island's population of rockhopper penguins.


Premise: How many realms were commonly thought of as being linked by a natural cycle?

Hypothesis: It was believed that the three realms of Heaven, Earth, and Mankind were linked by natural cycles of yin and yang and the five phases.


Premise: What are some examples of philosophical physicalism?

Hypothesis: Materialism is closely related to physicalism, the view that all that exists is ultimately physical.


Premise: Why are annelid fossils rare?

Hypothesis: Since annelids are soft-bodied, their fossils are rare – mostly jaws and the mineralized tubes that some of the species secreted.


Premise: What year did most families return after being evacuated?

Hypothesis: The following year a Royal Society expedition went to the islands to assess the damage, and reported that the settlement of Edinburgh of the Seven Seas had been only marginally affected.


Premise: What classification of chemicals do dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline belong to?

Hypothesis: Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain.


Premise: Who did Lebanon elect in 1958?

Hypothesis: By moving the latter two, who were Ba'athists, to Cairo, he neutralized important political figures who had their own ideas about how Syria should be run.


Premise: How tall is the peak of Piz Bernina

Hypothesis: The highest peaks of the Western Alps and Eastern Alps, respectively, are Mont Blanc, at 4,810 m (15,780 ft) and Piz Bernina at 4,049 metres (13,284 ft).


Premise: What are the tourist hotspots in Portugal?

Hypothesis: Tourist hotspots in Portugal are Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and the city of Coimbra, also, between 4-5 million religious pilgrims visit Fátima each year, where apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary to three shepherd children reportedly took place in 1917.


Premise: What is a common nickname for Mexico City?

Hypothesis: Many of these palaces can still be seen today, leading to Mexico City's nickname of "The city of palaces" given by Alexander Von Humboldt.


Premise: How much is club Barcelona worth?

Hypothesis: More than a club).


Premise: How much difficulty do contemporary Czechs have in understanding material from the 18th century?

Hypothesis: By then the language had developed a literary tradition, and since then it has changed little; journals from that period have no substantial differences from modern standard Czech, and contemporary Czechs can understand them with little difficulty.


Premise: Where does methane in the south pole escape to on Neptune?

Hypothesis: As Neptune slowly moves towards the opposite side of the Sun, the south pole will be darkened and the north pole illuminated, causing the methane release to shift to the north pole.


Premise: Who was the High Commissioner of the United Nations High Commission for Human Rights?

Hypothesis: Her remarks were condemned by the United Nations High Commission for Human Rights.


Premise: In what year did Pliny the Elder publish the largest encyclopedia?

Hypothesis: Pliny the Elder produced what is one of the largest encyclopedias of the natural world in 77 AD, and must be regarded as the rightful successor to Theophrastus.


Premise: What was the republican government amenable to?

Hypothesis: Under these circumstances, the Germans had to continue the war, yet could not pin down any proper military opposition in their vicinity.


Premise: What is notable about the moon Proteus?

Hypothesis: Of these, the irregularly shaped Proteus is notable for being as large as a body of its density can be without being pulled into a spherical shape by its own gravity.


Premise: How can a researcher study a childs memory?

Hypothesis: Infants do not have the language ability to report on their memories and so verbal reports cannot be used to assess very young children’s memory.


Premise: Who oversees Plymouth's sewers?

Hypothesis: Plymouth's electricity is supplied from the National Grid and distributed to Plymouth via Western Power Distribution.


Premise: What type of government does Spain have?

Hypothesis: The country has been quoted as being "an extraordinarily decentralized country", with the central government accounting for just 18% of public spending, 38% for the regional governments, 13% for the local councils, and the remaining 31% for the social security system.


Premise: Who dominated any battles that may have taken place at sea?

Hypothesis: The last sea battle of the Korean War occurred at Inchon, days before the Battle of Incheon; the ROK ship PC-703 sank a North Korean mine layer in the Battle of Haeju Island, near Inchon.


Premise: What is the name of the commission who concluded the financial crisis was avoidable?

Hypothesis: The U.S. Senate's Levin–Coburn Report concluded that the crisis was the result of "high risk, complex financial products; undisclosed conflicts of interest; the failure of regulators, the credit rating agencies, and the market itself to rein in the excesses of Wall Street.


Premise: Coffehouses were essential to what movement by becoming centers of free-thinking and self-discovery?

Hypothesis: Coffeehouses were essential to the Enlightenment, for they were centers of free-thinking and self-discovery.


Premise: When was Dewey born?

Hypothesis: Dewey's basic thought, in accordance with empiricism was that reality is determined by past experience.


Premise: What do many indigenous cultures still practice to different extends to this day?

Hypothesis: Like most cultures, over time, cultures specific to many indigenous peoples have evolved to incorporate traditional aspects, but also cater to modern needs.


Premise: What year is considered the be the last of the Dark Ages?

Hypothesis: The end of the Dark Ages is traditionally dated to 776 BC, the year of the first Olympic Games.


Premise: What are bombillas?

Hypothesis: There are also other types of museums in the city.


Premise: What is the current height limitation in Paris in central areas?

Hypothesis: Paris' urbanism laws have been under strict control since the early 17th century, particularly where street-front alignment, building height and building distribution is concerned.


Premise: When did Henry Wyatt die?

Hypothesis: The first Confederate soldier to be killed in the Civil War was Private Henry Wyatt from North Carolina, in the Battle of Big Bethel in June 1861.


Premise: What is known as a character's scalar value?

Hypothesis: The value of these code points (i.e., excluding surrogates) is sometimes referred to as the character's scalar value.


Premise: What is the name of the first municipal Hospital in the US?

Hypothesis: Boston Medical Center, located in the South End neighborhood, is the primary teaching facility for the Boston University School of Medicine as well as the largest trauma center in the Boston area; it was formed by the merger of Boston University Hospital and Boston City Hospital, which was the first municipal hospital in the United States.


Premise: What year was the M1 version approved?

Hypothesis: The M1 version was approved in 1940.


Premise: How many teams did the Arena Football League originally have?

Hypothesis: He founded the Arena Football League with four teams: the Pittsburgh Gladiators, Denver Dynamite, Washington Commandos, and Chicago Bruisers.


Premise: How were the terms for "green" derived in the Germanic, Romance, Slavic, and Greek languages?

Hypothesis: However, comparative linguistics makes clear that these terms were coined independently, over the past few millennia, and there is no identifiable single Proto-Indo-European or word for "green".


Premise: When did Vitruvius create these plans?

Hypothesis: The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD.


Premise: What types of dinners do people enjoy during the season's high point?

Hypothesis: In Greece Carnival is also known as the Apokriés (Greek: Αποκριές, "saying goodbye to meat"), or the season of the "Opening of the Triodion", so named after the liturgical book used by the church from then until Holy Week.


Premise: From whom did Britain retake the Falkland Islands?

Hypothesis: Margaret Thatcher later described the mindset she believed had befallen the British political establishment as "Suez syndrome", from which Britain did not recover until the successful recapture of the Falkland Islands from Argentina in 1982.


Premise: The Germans flew along one beam until they picked up the second beam the sound telling them when to start doing what?

Hypothesis: The German bombers would attach themselves to either beam and fly along it until they started to pick up the signal from the other beam.


Premise: What celebrity asked his fans to vote for Sanjaya Malakar on American Idol?

Hypothesis: Teenager Sanjaya Malakar was the season's most talked-about contestant for his unusual hairdo, and for managing to survive elimination for many weeks due in part to the weblog Vote for the Worst and satellite radio personality Howard Stern, who both encouraged fans to vote for him.


Premise: The 2011 census in London found what percentage of children to be white?

Hypothesis: Altogether at the 2011 census, of London's 1,624,768 population aged 0 to 15, 46.4 per cent were White, 19.8 per cent were Asian, 19 per cent were Black, 10.8 per cent were Mixed and 4 per cent represented another ethnic group.


Premise: What are many mutualistic relationships, thus failing to survive competition?

Hypothesis: Fruit, which is formed by the enlargement of flower parts, is frequently a seed-dispersal tool that attracts animals to eat or otherwise disturb it, incidentally scattering the seeds it contains (see frugivory).


Premise: What is "black people" a term for?

Hypothesis: For many other individuals, communities and countries, "black" is also perceived as a derogatory, outdated, reductive or otherwise unrepresentative label, and as a result is neither used nor defined.


Premise: What mountain Range splits the wind stream in the west of Seattle?

Hypothesis: Both streams of air originate over the Pacific Ocean; airflow is split by the Olympic Mountains to Seattle's west, then reunited to the east.


Premise: Where did the official make his announcement of the meetings outcome ?

Hypothesis: Following Thein Sein's first ever visit to the UK and a meeting with Prime Minister David Cameron, the Myanmar president declared that all of his nation's political prisoners will be released by the end of 2013, in addition to a statement of support for the well-being of the Rohingya Muslim community.


Premise: What date was Saint FM radio closed?

Hypothesis: Saint FM provided a local radio service for the island which was also available on internet radio and relayed in Ascension Island.


Premise: In what year did it became recognize as a landmark?

Hypothesis: The city could be argued to have some of the first preconceived layouts in the country.


Premise: What is Cantalonian for Eternal Prince of Cuckoldry?

Hypothesis: i artista d'honor dalt del llit (Lord of the Tall Banana in Bloom, of the Voyeurs and Punks and the Artist of Honor upon the Bed).


Premise: After whom is the performing arts center in Midtown named?

Hypothesis: Edgewater, and Wynwood, are neighborhoods of Midtown and are made up mostly of high-rise residential towers and are home to the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts.


Premise: Who heads the Himachal Pradesh?

Hypothesis: A district of Himachal Pradesh is an administrative geographical unit, headed by a Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service.


Premise: In what month is the MLB All-Star Game held?

Hypothesis: It also used to be commonplace to have a team play an exhibition against Minor League affiliates during the regular season, but worries of injuries to players, along with travel issues, have made this very rare.


Premise: How many concrete plants are in the US?

Hypothesis: There are about 4,000 asphalt concrete mixing plants in the U.S., and a similar number in Europe.


Premise: What parts of English grammar declined as a result of Old Norse influence?

Hypothesis: The influence of Old Norse certainly helped move English from a synthetic language along the continuum to a more analytic word order, and Old Norse most likely made a greater impact on the English language than any other language.


Premise: How do wages in Thuringia compare to their neighbors?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, the demographic transition in Thuringia leads to a lack of workers in some sectors.


Premise: What type of installations are hydraulic elevators best suited for?

Hypothesis: The high current draw of the pump when starting up also places higher demands on a building’s electrical system.


Premise: What is the approximate modern value of two guineas in 1830?

Hypothesis: Under the 1830 Act any householder who paid rates could apply, with a one-off payment of two guineas (roughly equal in value to £168 today), to sell beer or cider in his home (usually the front parlour) and even to brew his own on his premises.


Premise: What was the economy of North Carolina based on after the confederacy?

Hypothesis: In the first half of the 20th century, many African Americans left the state to go North for better opportunities, in the Great Migration.


Premise: Who was against all of the celebrations of Mary 's her birth ?

Hypothesis: By 750, the feast of her conception was widely celebrated in the Byzantine East, under the name of the Conception (active) of Saint Anne.


Premise: Which type of light bulb uses inert gas?

Hypothesis: The hot filament is protected from oxidation with a glass or quartz bulb that is filled with inert gas or evacuated.


Premise: What is an article that is carried rather than worn that isn't regarded as clothing?

Hypothesis: Clothing can and has in history been made from a very wide variety of materials.


Premise: Along with Greater Somalia ethnic Somalis, who speaks Somali?

Hypothesis: One source estimates that there are 7.78 million speakers of Somali in Somalia itself and 12.65 million speakers globally.


Premise: Which whom did Hayek share a Nobel prize?

Hypothesis: Milton Friedman declared himself "an enormous admirer of Hayek, but not for his economics.


Premise: Who has "observer status" to CARICOM?

Hypothesis: Other nearby nations or territories, such as the United States, are not members (although the US Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has observer status, and the United States Virgin Islands announced in 2007 they would seek ties with CARICOM).


Premise: Where is the L'Americain hotel?

Hypothesis: Swann reveals that L'Américain is a hotel in Tangier.


Premise: What did MPs yell when the torch passed them?

Hypothesis: The coach containing the torch drove past the National Assembly and the assembled protesting MPs, who shouted "Freedom for Tibet!"


Premise: What is the name of steel when it is being formed of two phases?

Hypothesis: When this happens the carbon atoms will no longer be soluble with the iron, and will be forced to precipitate out of solution, nucleating into the spaces between the crystals.


Premise: How many stages happen in complete metamorphosis?

Hypothesis: Holometabolism, or complete metamorphosis, is where the insect changes in four stages, an egg or embryo, a larva, a pupa and the adult or imago.


Premise: What states are listing species that are endangered in their own state, but that are not endangered in all other states?

Hypothesis: These state lists often include species which are considered endangered or threatened within a specific state but not within all states, and which therefore are not included on the national list of endangered and threatened species.


Premise: What was NW Fifth Avenue previously called?

Hypothesis: When landlords began to rent homes to African-Americans in neighborhoods close to Avenue J (what would later become NW Fifth Avenue), a gang of white man with torches visited the renting families and warned them to move or be bombed.


Premise: During which conflict was I-94 built?

Hypothesis: Henry Ford built it to link the factories at Willow Run and Dearborn during World War II.


Premise: What is the minimum amount of people that can be involved in a bribe?

Hypothesis: Bribery requires two participants: one to give the bribe, and one to take it.


Premise: In which year was the Count of Oeiras made the Marquis of Pambal?

Hypothesis: Made "Marquis of Pombal" in 1770, he effectively ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779.


Premise: Which two space missions were the first to successfully dock each other?

Hypothesis: It was the first-ever docking of two manned spacecraft, and the first transfer of crew from one space vehicle to another.


Premise: What year did the US lose its monopoly to the atomic bomb?

Hypothesis: American intelligence agencies discovered that the Soviet Union had exploded its first atomic bomb, with the consequence that the United States potentially could face a future nuclear war that, for the first time, might devastate its cities.


Premise: Why did Gaddafi select these men as RCC members?

Hypothesis: Although theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building, Gaddafi dominated the RCC, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses.


Premise: What is the name of crisis where the wives of the Tories were replacing the wives of the Whigs?

Hypothesis: In what became known as the bedchamber crisis, Victoria, advised by Melbourne, objected to their removal.


Premise: What did Zaha Hadid design?

Hypothesis: As for modern and contemporary architecture, Strasbourg possesses some fine Art Nouveau buildings (such as the huge Palais des Fêtes and houses and villas like Villa Schutzenberger and Hôtel Brion), good examples of post-World War II functional architecture (the Cité Rotterdam, for which Le Corbusier did not succeed in the architectural contest) and, in the very extended Quartier Européen, some spectacular administrative buildings of sometimes utterly large size, among which the European Court of Human Rights building by Richard Rogers is arguably the finest.


Premise: Who were the two National Assembly vice-presidents in Egypt?

Hypothesis: A day after announcing the attempt on his life, Nasser established a new provisional constitution proclaiming a 600-member National Assembly (400 from Egypt and 200 from Syria) and the dissolution of all political parties.


Premise: When did the word emotion enter the English language?

Hypothesis: One line of research thus looks at the meaning of the word emotion in everyday language and this usage is rather different from that in academic discourse.


Premise: How many Japanese forces were likely to be destroyed?

Hypothesis: Sho-1 called for V. Adm. Jisaburo Ozawa's force to use an apparently vulnerable carrier force to lure the U.S. 3rd Fleet away from Leyte and remove air cover from the Allied landing forces, which would then be attacked from the west by three Japanese forces: V. Adm. Takeo Kurita's force would enter Leyte Gulf and attack the landing forces; R. Adm. Shoji Nishimura's force and V. Adm. Kiyohide Shima's force would act as mobile strike forces.


Premise: Which city was originally not a part of the Federal Republic of Germany?

Hypothesis: West Berlin, while officially not part of the Federal Republic, was largely integrated and considered as a de facto state.


Premise: What are groups consisting of symmetries of given arithmetic concepts?

Hypothesis: Conceptually, group theory can be thought of as the study of symmetry.t[›]


Premise: By improving what processes does the use of circadian rhythms serve to benefit the individual?

Hypothesis: They thus enable organisms to best capitalize on environmental resources (e.g. light and food) compared to those that cannot predict such availability.


Premise: What is the name of the capital city of Myanmar?

Hypothesis: Its capital city is Naypyidaw and its largest city is Yangon (Rangoon).


Premise: What was the date of Anthonio Colve's capture of New York?

Hypothesis: However, facing defeat from the British and French, who had teamed up to destroy Dutch trading routes, the Dutch returned the island to England in 1674.


Premise: When was homosexuality legalized in Bermuda?

Hypothesis: Homosexuality was decriminalised in Bermuda with the passage of the Stubbs Bill in May 1994.


Premise: What releases another store of potential energy which was created at the time of the Big Bang?

Hypothesis: The nuclear fusion of hydrogen in the Sun also releases another store of potential energy which was created at the time of the Big Bang.


Premise: What country borders Tajikistan to the east?

Hypothesis: It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east.


Premise: what is the code point of the BOM?

Hypothesis: The BOM, code point U+FEFF has the important property of unambiguity on byte reorder, regardless of the Unicode encoding used; U+FFFE (the result of byte-swapping U+FEFF) does not equate to a legal character, and U+FEFF in other places, other than the beginning of text, conveys the zero-width non-break space (a character with no appearance and no effect other than preventing the formation of ligatures).


Premise: What New Haven institution did former U.S. president Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham Clinton both attend?

Hypothesis: In addition to being the site of the college educations of both Presidents Bush, as Yale students, New Haven was also the temporary home of former presidents William Howard Taft, Gerald Ford, and Bill Clinton, as well as Secretary of State John Kerry.


Premise: Along with Sarah McLachlan, Natalie Merchant, Melissa Etheridge and Sheryl Crow, what female singer-songwriter had chart success in the 1990s?

Hypothesis: Newer female singer-songwriters such as Sarah McLachlan, Natalie Merchant, Jewel, Melissa Etheridge and Sheryl Crow also broke through on the AC chart during this time.


Premise: What city has the largest outdoor ice skating rink in the world?

Hypothesis: During the winter, the main square of the Zócalo is transformed into a gigantic ice skating rink, which is said to be the largest in the world behind that of Moscow's Red Square.


Premise: In early 20th century glass production, the glass was thickest at what part of the sheet?

Hypothesis: Mass production of glass window panes in the early twentieth century caused a similar effect.


Premise: 39.5% of the households comprised of what?

Hypothesis: There were 112,608 households in the city in 2000, of which 26.5% included children below the age of 18, 39.5% were composed of married couples living together, 11.4% reported a female householder with no husband present, and 45.5% classified themselves as nonfamily.


Premise: When was the Satavahana Empire divided into smaller states?

Hypothesis: In the 3rd century CE the empire was split into smaller states.


Premise: What was the newest break through in home sound systems in 1971?

Hypothesis: The development of quadraphonic records was announced in 1971.


Premise: What do residents of Seattle believe in matters of religion?

Hypothesis: Like much of the Pacific Northwest (which has the lowest rate of church attendance in the United States and consistently reports the highest percentage of atheism), church attendance, religious belief, and political influence of religious leaders are much lower than in other parts of America.


Premise: What contribution to history is it believed the History of Mary Prince made?

Hypothesis: It is thought to have contributed to the abolition of slavery in the British Empire.


Premise: What destroyed the Arabian oryx only advantage of speed.

Hypothesis: The Arabian oryx, a species of large antelope, once inhabited much of the desert areas of the Middle East.


Premise: What year did New Haven finally integrated bike lanes to most of the city?

Hypothesis: The city has created recommended bike routes for getting around New Haven, including use of the Canal Trail and the Orange Street lane.


Premise: What chemical compound comprises 5% to 15% of the dry weight of bacterial spores?

Hypothesis: Dipicolinic acid is a chemical compound that composes 5% to 15% of the dry weight of bacterial spores.


Premise: On the campus of what educational institution was Chicago Pile-1 created?

Hypothesis: On 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1.


Premise: Bon Secours-St Francis Xavier Hospital is located at what portion of the city?

Hypothesis: Additionally, more expansions are planned or underway at another major hospital located in the West Ashley portion of the city: Bon Secours-St Francis Xavier Hospital.


Premise: Which game journalist was perturbed by a lack of voiced dialogue?

Hypothesis: Hyper's Javier Glickman commended the game for its "very long quests, superb Wii controls and being able to save anytime".


Premise: What is the length of the border that Estonia shares with Russia?

Hypothesis: For this reason the borders between Estonia and Russia are still not defined.


Premise: What is the basic difference between the dialects?

Hypothesis: The terms "Catalan" and "Valencian" (respectively used in Catalonia and the Valencian Community) are two different varieties of the same language.


Premise: What month in New York City is the coldest?

Hypothesis: Under the Köppen climate classification, using the 0 °C (32 °F) coldest month (January) isotherm, New York City itself experiences a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) and is thus the northernmost major city on the North American continent with this categorization.


Premise: From what script does the Estonian language get its alphabet?

Hypothesis: Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters ä, ö, ü, and õ, plus the later additions š and ž.


Premise: How many visitors did Paris receive in 2014?

Hypothesis: Paris is also known for its fashion, particularly the twice-yearly Paris Fashion Week, and for its haute cuisine, and three-star restaurants.


Premise: Along with rigor, what did Cluny have a reputation for?

Hypothesis: Cluny quickly established a reputation for austerity and rigour.


Premise: What faction was fighting against the remaining Bozize loyalists?

Hypothesis: The security situation did not improve during June–August 2013 and there were reports of over 200,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs) as well as human rights abuses and renewed fighting between Séléka and Bozizé supporters.


Premise: What is the world's tallest hill?

Hypothesis: at 1,999 feet (609 m), it fails their definition of a mountain by one foot.


Premise: When did the Chinese economy finally recover after the wars with the Mings?

Hypothesis: By the end of the 17th century, the Chinese economy had recovered from the devastation caused by the wars in which the Ming dynasty were overthrown, and the resulting breakdown of order.


Premise: What percentage of New Delhi's population is Hindu?

Hypothesis: Hinduism is the religion of 79.8% of New Delhi's population.


Premise: Why did Darwin introduce a new chapter in On the Origin of Species in the sixth edition?

Hypothesis: Much of the chapter responds to George Jackson Mivart's criticisms, including his claim that features such as baleen filters in whales, flatfish with both eyes on one side and the camouflage of stick insects could not have evolved through natural selection because intermediate stages would not have been adaptive.


Premise: How is the end result of the match planned out?

Hypothesis: The content including match outcomes is choreographed and the combative actions and reactions are executed in special manners designed to both protect from, yet simulate, pain.


Premise: The granting of Doctorate degrees first occurred in what year at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: The university first offered graduate degrees, in the form of a Master of Arts (MA), in the 1854–1855 academic year.


Premise: What played a large role in King Edward the Confessor's canonisation?

Hypothesis: The Confessor's shrine subsequently played a great part in his canonisation.


Premise: What is the average age of students on KU's Edwards Campus?

Hypothesis: Established in 1993, its goal is to provide adults with the opportunity to complete college degrees.


Premise: When was the Chengdu Economic and Technological Development Zone approved?

Hypothesis: Chengdu Economic and Technological Development Zone (Chinese: 成都经济技术开发区; pinyin: Chéngdū jīngjì jìshù kāifā qū) was approved as state-level development zone in February 2000.


Premise: Who ruled Nri?

Hypothesis: Nri was ruled by the Eze Nri, and the city of Nri is considered to be the foundation of Igbo culture.


Premise: What happened when antibiotics was over used in livestock?

Hypothesis: This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country".


Premise: What issue was Marvel asked to tackle for this agency?

Hypothesis: In 1971, the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare approached Marvel Comics editor-in-chief Stan Lee to do a comic book story about drug abuse.


Premise: Where did the Carnival gestate out of the purview of rules?

Hypothesis: The result was the uninterrupted celebration of Carnival festivals in Barranquilla (see Barranquilla's Carnival) now recognized as one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.


Premise: What else can Badges be used to designate in the USAF?

Hypothesis: In addition to basic uniform clothing, various badges are used by the USAF to indicate a billet assignment or qualification-level for a given assignment.


Premise: Which book was Darwin working on when he received a package from Wallace?

Hypothesis: It enclosed twenty pages describing an evolutionary mechanism, a response to Darwin's recent encouragement, with a request to send it on to Lyell if Darwin thought it worthwhile.


Premise: What bonus features were available on the first home video "Special Edition"?

Hypothesis: LaserDisc's support for multiple audio tracks allowed for vast supplemental materials to be included on-disc and made it the first available format for "Special Edition" releases; the 1984 Criterion Collection edition of Citizen Kane is generally credited as being the first "Special Edition" release to home video,[citation needed] and for setting the standard by which future SE discs were measured.


Premise: Where were the missionaries killed?

Hypothesis: From 1889, when Guangxu began to rule in his own right, to 1898, the Empress Dowager lived in semi-retirement, spending the majority of the year at the Summer Palace.


Premise: Where is Comcast company headquarters?

Hypothesis: The company's headquarters are located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.


Premise: How many days a year does the temperature in Detroit drop below 0?

Hypothesis: The average window for freezing temperatures is October 20 thru April 22, allowing a growing season of 180 days.


Premise: Who signed multiple peace treaties with the Tang?

Hypothesis: Tibet was once a strong power contemporaneous with Tang China (618–907).


Premise: When was litigation brought to South Africa?

Hypothesis: In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent.


Premise: How did most Georgian design styles disseminate?

Hypothesis: From the mid-18th century, Georgian styles were assimilated into an architectural vernacular that became part and parcel of the training of every architect, designer, builder, carpenter, mason and plasterer, from Edinburgh to Maryland.


Premise: What is the present status of the Angel pub?

Hypothesis: It was mentioned by Charles Dickens, became a Lyons Corner House, and is now a Co-operative Bank.


Premise: What does Destructive testing verify?

Hypothesis: It verifies that the software functions properly even when it receives invalid or unexpected inputs, thereby establishing the robustness of input validation and error-management routines.[citation needed]


Premise: From what region did the group Devo originate?

Hypothesis: In the mid 1970s, various American groups (some with ties to Downtown Manhattan's punk scene, including Television and Suicide) had begun expanding on the vocabulary of punk music.


Premise: In which city is the Gandhi Smriti located?

Hypothesis: Rajghat is the place where Mahatma Gandhi was cremated on 31 January 1948 after his assassination and his ashes were buried and make it a final resting place beside the sanctity of the Yamuna River.


Premise: In what century did saloons become established?

Hypothesis: A most famous London saloon was the Grecian Saloon in The Eagle, City Road, which is still famous because of a nursery rhyme: "Up and down the City Road / In and out The Eagle /


Premise: What did Whitehead believe was the relationship between the individual and social aspects of religion?

Hypothesis: In keeping with his process metaphysics in which relations are primary, he wrote that religion necessitates the realization of "the value of the objective world which is a community derivative from the interrelations of its component individuals."


Premise: What was the highest unemployment rate in Namibia?

Hypothesis: According to the Namibia Labour Force Survey Report 2012, conducted by the Namibia Statistics Agency, the country's unemployment rate is 27.4%.


Premise: what animal was threatened with the fuel oil spill?

Hypothesis: Nightingale Island has no fresh water, so the penguins were transported to Tristan da Cunha for cleaning.


Premise: What percentage of copper is used in electrical wires?

Hypothesis: Copper is mostly used as a pure metal, but when a higher hardness is required it is combined with other elements to make an alloy (5% of total use) such as brass and bronze.


Premise: What is an example of an involuntary intent of a message related to nonverbal communication?

Hypothesis: Examples of intent are voluntary, intentional movements like shaking a hand or winking, as well as involuntary, such as sweating.


Premise: What guerrilla organization was founded by religious officials and military officers?

Hypothesis: These religious officials, together with Greek military officers and professionals, some of whom still pursued the Megali Idea, would later found the guerrilla organisation Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston or National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters (EOKA).


Premise: What is the approximate error for every 3,300 years?

Hypothesis: By any criterion, the Gregorian calendar is substantially more accurate than the 1 day in 128 years error of the Julian calendar (average year 365.25 days).


Premise: In what year did Queen release the album Jazz?

Hypothesis: Another notable track from Jazz, "Don't Stop Me Now", provides another example of the band's exuberant vocal harmonies.


Premise: What is an "ensi"?

Hypothesis: Sumerian cities during the Uruk period were probably theocratic and were most likely headed by a priest-king (ensi), assisted by a council of elders, including both men and women.


Premise: In what year did Reprise plan to release a series of 78 rpm singles?

Hypothesis: In 1968, Reprise planned to release a series of 78 rpm singles from their artists on their label at the time, called the Reprise Speed Series.


Premise: What choir from the area has sung at the Guildhall?

Hypothesis: Southampton has two large live music venues, the Mayflower Theatre (formerly the Gaumont Theatre) and the Guildhall.


Premise: What do those who think Napoleon was poisoned cite as a symptom that would suggest this?

Hypothesis: Their hypothesis was that the calomel given to Napoleon became an overdose, which killed him and left extensive tissue damage behind.


Premise: Where else is H2 applied?

Hypothesis: Apart from its use as a reactant, H_2 has wide applications in physics and engineering.


Premise: Who does the Commander-in-Chief authorize to make decision regarding the Armed Forces for them?

Hypothesis: The Canadian constitution determines that the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the country's sovereign, who, since 1904, has authorized his or her viceroy, the governor general, to exercise the duties ascribed to the post of Commander-in-Chief and to hold the associated title since 1905.


Premise: What is one type of Greece's secondary education?

Hypothesis: Greece's post-compulsory secondary education consists of two school types: unified upper secondary schools (Γενικό Λύκειο, Genikό Lykeiό) and technical–vocational educational schools (Τεχνικά και Επαγγελματικά Εκπαιδευτήρια, "TEE").


Premise: What title was the fourth Dalai Lama granted?

Hypothesis: This was noted in the Biography of the Fourth Dalai Lama, which stated that one Soinam Lozui delivered the seal of the Emperor to the Dalai Lama.


Premise: Beyonce's childhood home believed in what religion?

Hypothesis: She was raised in a Methodist household.


Premise: What were 1920x1080i and 1280x720p defined by?

Hypothesis: It also includes the alternative 1440×1152 HDMAC scan format.


Premise: What are the Indus River's tributaries?

Hypothesis: There are several mountainous regions, including the Sulaiman Mountains in the southwest part of the province, and Margalla Hills, Salt Range, and Pothohar Plateau in the north.


Premise: On what occasions are š and ž replaced with sh and zh?

Hypothesis: Otherwise, the h in sh represents a voiceless glottal fricative, as in Pasha (pas-ha); this also applies to some foreign names.


Premise: When was Reza Shah forced to abdicate in Iran?

Hypothesis: As the Soviet Union refused to relinquish the occupied Iranian territory, the Iran crisis of 1946 was followed, which particularly resulted in the dissolution of both puppet states, and the withdrawal of the Soviets.


Premise: What is the first purpose of air defence?

Hypothesis: The critical issue is to hit a target moving in three-dimensional space; an attack must not only match these three coordinates, but must do so at the time the target is at that position.


Premise: Where was John crowned?

Hypothesis: John was supported by the bulk of the English and Norman nobility and was crowned at Westminster, backed by his mother, Eleanor.


Premise: When was the Third Dynasty of Ur?

Hypothesis: Native Sumerian rule re-emerged for about a century in the Neo-Sumerian Empire or Third Dynasty of Ur


Premise: What are two types of repetitive DNA found in genomes?

Hypothesis: The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size.


Premise: When did satellite test broadcasts of Hi-Vision start?

Hypothesis: The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided about four times the resolution (1080i/1125 lines).


Premise: What is known as the 3' end?

Hypothesis: The other end contains an exposed phosphate group; this is the 5' end.


Premise: What is often identified as the reason for less than ideal working conditions for garment workers?

Hypothesis: Although many countries recognize treaties like the International Labor Organization, which attempt to set standards for worker safety and rights, many countries have made exceptions to certain parts of the treaties or failed to thoroughly enforce them.


Premise: When did the title of Duke of Lancaster merge into the Crown?

Hypothesis: A particular form of The Loyal Toast, 'The Queen, Duke of Lancaster' is in regular use in the county palatine.


Premise: Who told the emperor that the situation in Dbus and Gtsang were under control?

Hypothesis: According to the Records of the Founding Emperor, the Hongwu Emperor issued an edict granting the title "Initiation State Master" to Sagya Gyaincain, while the latter sent envoys to the Ming court to hand over his jade seal of authority along with tribute of colored silk and satin, statues of the Buddha, Buddhist scriptures, and sarira.


Premise: What type of music does Kraftwerk make?

Hypothesis: German musicians and, particularly, the pioneering bands Tangerine Dream and Kraftwerk have also contributed to the development of electronic music.


Premise: Where was the Telugu film industry ranked in 2012 in India in comparison to Bollywood?

Hypothesis: The city is home to the Telugu film industry, popularly known as Tollywood and as of 2012[update], produces the second largest number of films in India behind Bollywood.


Premise: Where did Alexander the Great conquer in 10 days?

Hypothesis: Alexander invested many troops, eventually killing seventeen thousand Cathians in this battle, and the city of Sagala (present-day Sialkot) was razed to the ground.


Premise: When did Boris Arkadievich Malyarchuk use a sample of Czech individuals to determine the frequency of "Monigoloid" "mtDNA lineages"?

Hypothesis: Malyarchuk said the "Russian population" was developed by the "assimilation of the indigenous pre-Slavic population of Eastern Europe by true Slavs" with additional "assimilation of Finno-Ugric populations" and "long-lasting" interactions with the populations of "Siberia" and "Central Asia".


Premise: What Air Force base is in Tucson?

Hypothesis: The area includes Davis-Monthan Air Force Base.


Premise: What religion did the black community found?

Hypothesis: Before 1800, its free black community founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), the first independent black denomination in the country, and the first black Episcopal Church.


Premise: Did number of cat of arms in the late middle ages fall?

Hypothesis: Sometimes unrelated families would be falsely attributed to the clan on the basis of similarity of arms.


Premise: What was the price per square foot of 450 Park Avenue when it sold in July 2007?

Hypothesis: The Time Warner Center is the property with the highest-listed market value in the city, at US$1.1 billion in 2006.


Premise: Who was allowed to wear gamrents dyed with Tyrian purple in ancient Rome?

Hypothesis: In ancient Rome, for example, only senators could wear garments dyed with Tyrian purple.


Premise: What company took over as American Idols music label in 2010?

Hypothesis: 19 Recordings, a recording label owned by 19 Entertainment, currently hold the rights to phonographic material recorded by all the contestants.


Premise: What is the most common cause of diarrhea?

Hypothesis: The most common cause is an infection of the intestines due to either a virus, bacteria, or parasite; a condition known as gastroenteritis.


Premise: Who founded the Hudson River Sloop Clearwater and the Clearwater Festival to bring attention to the pollution caused by GE?

Hypothesis: Musician Pete Seeger founded the Hudson River Sloop Clearwater and the Clearwater Festival to draw attention to the problem.


Premise: Interest in an analysis of what text has arose in the early 1970's?

Hypothesis: Many ancient works, such as the Bible and the Greek tragedies,[citation needed] survive in hundreds of copies, and the relationship of each copy to the original may be unclear.


Premise: What is the name of the protester who said they would not try to extinguish the torch?

Hypothesis: "I want to announce that we will not put out the Olympic torch," said pro-Tibet activist Jorge Carcavallo.


Premise: Before the modern era, who mostly celebrated Kathmandu festivals?

Hypothesis: Most of the fairs and festivals in Kathmandu originated in the Malla period or earlier.


Premise: What type of variations are there between the Quanznou and Zhangzhou tone system?

Hypothesis: According to the traditional Chinese system, however, there are 7 to 9 "tones",[citation needed] more correctly termed tone classes since two of them are non-phonemic "entering tones" (see the discussion on Chinese tone).


Premise: How many subregions are there of Nigeria's savannah zone?

Hypothesis: The savannah zone's three categories are Guinean forest-savanna mosaic, Sudan savannah, and Sahel savannah.


Premise: In what language was most religious literature of this period written?

Hypothesis: This was fed by the growth of the Devotio Moderna movement, most prominently in the formation of the Brethren of the Common Life, but also in the works of German mystics such as Meister Eckhart and Johannes Tauler (d. 1361).


Premise: How many people were said to have died in the Great Famine?

Hypothesis: During the British Raj, famines in India, often attributed to failed government policies, were some of the worst ever recorded, including the Great Famine of 1876–78 in which 6.1 million to 10.3 million people died and the Indian famine of 1899–1900 in which 1.25 to 10 million people died.


Premise: In what year did the dynasty of Bayinnaung fully collapse ?

Hypothesis: However, the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia unravelled soon after Bayinnaung's death in 1581, completely collapsing by 1599.


Premise: When was Pope Paul VI elected as Pope?

Hypothesis: John XXIII elevated him to the College of Cardinals in 1958, and after the death of John XXIII, Montini was considered one of his most likely successors.


Premise: What is an example of a maintenance-related elevator death?

Hypothesis: However, there was an incident in 2007 at a Seattle children's hospital, where a ThyssenKrupp ISIS machine-room-less elevator free-fell until the safety brakes were engaged.


Premise: A refractor can be compared to what type of viewing?

Hypothesis: This is the radio equivalent of an optical lens.


Premise: How many Australian divisions steamed from the Mid-East for Singapore?

Hypothesis: The Japanese Army opposed the plan and it was rejected in favour of a policy of isolating Australia from the United States via blockade by advancing through the South Pacific.


Premise: What language is parl?

Hypothesis: E.g. parlo (Central), parl (Balearic), parli (Northern), ('I speak').


Premise: Which theatre was designed by Giovan Battista Filippo Basile ans opened in 1897?

Hypothesis: Many of these were designed by the famous architect Ernesto Basile.


Premise: What designation was Southampton given in 1974?

Hypothesis: Southampton became a non-metropolitan district in 1974.


Premise: What two instruments were invented during The European Renaissance?

Hypothesis: The European Renaissance (about 1420–1630), which marked the transition between the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern times, started in Italy and was spurred in part by the rediscovery of classical art and literature, as well as the new perspectives gained from the Age of Discovery and the invention of the telescope and microscope, expanding the borders of thought and knowledge.


Premise: At what temperature will grains of uranium metal spontaneously ignite in air?

Hypothesis: Finely divided uranium metal presents a fire hazard because uranium is pyrophoric; small grains will ignite spontaneously in air at room temperature.


Premise: What does NARTH stand for?

Hypothesis: The National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality (NARTH), which describes itself as a "professional, scientific organization that offers hope to those who struggle with unwanted homosexuality," disagrees with the mainstream mental health community's position on conversion therapy, both on its effectiveness and by describing sexual orientation not as a binary immutable quality, or as a disease, but as a continuum of intensities of sexual attractions and emotional affect.


Premise: What was the Suiyaun Shidan about?

Hypothesis: The Suiyuan Shidan written by him, detailed the culinary esthetics and theory, along with a wide range of recipes from the ruling period of Qianlong during Qing Dynasty.


Premise: Where was the EIC headquarters moved to after  1648?

Hypothesis: After occupying premises in Philpot Lane from 1600 to 1621; in Crosby House, Bishopsgate, from 1621 to 1638; and in Leadenhall Street from 1638 to 1648, the Company moved into Craven House, an Elizabethan mansion in Leadenhall Street.


Premise: What is Reading Terminal called now?

Hypothesis: The two systems today, for the most part still intact but now connected, operate as a single system under the control of the SEPTA, the regional transit authority.


Premise: What is the marking for a 2N2222A in a plastic case?

Hypothesis: Some proprietary naming schemes adopt parts of other naming schemes, for example a PN2222A is a (possibly Fairchild Semiconductor)


Premise: How many locations can one use videoconferencing for?

Hypothesis: A videoconference (also known as a videoteleconference) allows two or more locations to communicate via live, simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions.


Premise: What magazine named Beyoncé as the most powerful female musician for 2015?

Hypothesis: Forbes magazine also listed her as the most powerful female musician of 2015.


Premise: What is Nanjing's nationwide ranking for National key disciplines?

Hypothesis: Nanjing has been the educational centre in southern China for more than 1700 years.


Premise: Who were the Aspii?

Hypothesis: A coalition was formed against Alexander by the Cathians, the people of Multan, who were very skilful in war.


Premise: What types of music did hip hop emerge from?

Hypothesis: Beginning with the advent of beat match DJing, in which Bronx DJs (Disc Jockeys) including Grandmaster Flash, Afrika Bambaataa and DJ Kool Herc extended the breaks of funk records, a major new musical genre emerged that sought to isolate the percussion breaks of hit funk, disco and soul songs.


Premise: What is chemical digestion?

Hypothesis: Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion.


Premise: Which piece of legislation was begun in 1969?

Hypothesis: In 1969 the Nixon administration initiated the "Philadelphia Order".


Premise: Who founded the worlds first football league?

Hypothesis: The world's oldest football competition is the FA Cup, which was founded by C. W. Alcock and has been contested by English teams since 1872.


Premise: What are Madhyapur Thimi, Kirtipur and Bhaktapur?

Hypothesis: The urban area of the Kathmandu valley is split among three different districts (collections of local government units within a zone) which extend very little beyond the valley fringe, except towards the southern ranges, which have comparatively small population.


Premise: When did the yuan dynasty start and end?

Hypothesis: It describes the Yuan dynasty as "A Mongol dynasty of China that ruled from 1271 to 1368, and a division of the great empire conquered by the Mongols.


Premise: Who barely missed the scoreboard when he launched a home run ball onto Sheffield Avenue?

Hypothesis: No batted ball has ever hit the center field scoreboard, although the original "Slammin' Sammy", golfer Sam Snead, hit it with a golf ball in an exhibition in the 1950s.


Premise: How many metric tons of uranium oxide was used in Chicago Pile-1?

Hypothesis: On 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1.


Premise: What type of social structure did the Ottoman Empire have?

Hypothesis: This shows that in the early modern period, Ottomans and Europeans were similar in their ideas about how schools should be managed and what they should be primarily focused on.


Premise: How did Microsoft react to general hardware error problems?

Hypothesis: The warranty extension is not granted for any other types of failures that do not generate these specific error codes.


Premise: When he was 35 Gautama sat in meditation under what tree?

Hypothesis: Now, as the Buddha, he spent the rest of his life teaching the path of awakening he had discovered, traveling throughout the northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent, and died at the age of 80 (483 BCE) in Kushinagar, India.


Premise: Who replaced Lord Roseberry as Prime Minister?

Hypothesis: His government was weak, and the following year Lord Salisbury replaced him.


Premise: Where is health care poor in China?

Hypothesis: Vice Minister of Health Gao Qiang told reporters in Beijing that the "public health care system in China is insufficient.


Premise: In what book was a section reserved for the study of Islamic female students?

Hypothesis: More recently, the scholar Mohammad Akram Nadwi, currently a researcher from the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies, has written 40 volumes on the muḥaddithāt (the women scholars of ḥadīth), and found at least 8,000 of them.


Premise: Where exactly is Tajikistan?

Hypothesis: Tajikistan is landlocked, and is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area.


Premise: Who was in charge of the Governemnt at the time of Victorias ascession?

Hypothesis: She became the first sovereign to take up residence at Buckingham Palace and inherited the revenues of the duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall as well as being granted a civil list allowance of £385,000 per year.


Premise: Why were television ratings down across the board during American Idols seventh season?

Hypothesis: Overall ratings for the season were down 10% from season six, which is in line with the fall in viewership across all networks due in part to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike.


Premise: Who are likely to be identified as educational psychologist?

Hypothesis: Although the terms "educational psychology" and "school psychology" are often used interchangeably, researchers and theorists are likely to be identified as educational psychologists, whereas practitioners in schools or school-related settings are identified as school psychologists.


Premise: Using precomposed or combining characters is called what?

Hypothesis: Prior to June 2004, the vowel akin to but more open than o, written with a dot above right, was not encoded.


Premise: Which two artists did Douglass Cooper say were very important to the forming of Cubism?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, the Demoiselles is the logical picture to take as the starting point for Cubism, because it marks the birth of a new pictorial idiom, because in it Picasso violently overturned established conventions and because all that followed grew out of it."


Premise: Glam metal band Steel Panther is from what city?

Hypothesis: Los Angeles band Steel Panther managed to gain a following by sending up 80s glam metal.


Premise: What parts of Cork's defense remain today?

Hypothesis: For much of the Middle Ages, Cork city was an outpost of Old English culture in the midst of a predominantly hostile Gaelic countryside and cut off from the English government in the Pale around Dublin.


Premise: How much did the percentage of households with access to the internet increase between 2006 and 2013?

Hypothesis: At the same time, there has been a massive increase in the proportion of households with a broadband connection, from 4% in 2006 to 55% in 2013 (compared with an EU average of 30% and 76%).


Premise: Which court dismissed Nikola Jorgic's appeal against his conviction for genocide by a German court?

Hypothesis: On 12 July 2007, European Court of Human Rights when dismissing the appeal by Nikola Jorgić against his conviction for genocide by a German court (Jorgic v. Germany) noted that the German courts wider interpretation of genocide has since been rejected by international courts considering similar cases.


Premise: What would happen if a lower court refused to uphold a constitutional law?

Hypothesis: However, under the principle of stare decisis, no sensible lower court will enforce an unconstitutional statute, and any court that does so will be reversed by the Supreme Court.


Premise: How many females had the ability to read in Rajasthan in 1991?

Hypothesis: This was the highest leap in the percentage of literacy recorded in India (the rise in female literacy being 23%).


Premise: How did US President Kennedy die?

Hypothesis: On October 2, 1997, it was reported that Khrushchev's son Sergei claimed Khrushchev was poised to accept Kennedy's proposal at the time of Kennedy's assassination on November 22, 1963.


Premise: In what year did the New York Times review the Salon d'Automne?

Hypothesis: The article was titled The "Cubists" Dominate Paris' Fall Salon and subtitled Eccentric School of Painting Increases Its Vogue in the Current Art Exhibition -


Premise: What is the nickname given to A.C. Milan?

Hypothesis: Other teams that prominently feature red on their kits include A.C. Milan (nicknamed i rossoneri for their red and black shirts), AFC Ajax, Olympiacos, River Plate, Atlético Madrid, and Flamengo.


Premise: What was a beneficial improvement made to Patrick Street?

Hypothesis: City Centre road improvements include the Patrick Street project - which reconstructed the street with a pedestrian focus.


Premise: Where are pointed arches and vaulted ceilings found on most secular Gothic structures?

Hypothesis: The country-houses of the nobility were slow to abandon the appearance of being a castle, even in parts of Europe, like England, where defence had ceased to be a real concern.


Premise: in 1803 was act of parliament supported by  EIC?

Hypothesis: In 1803, an Act of Parliament, promoted by the East India Company, established the East India Dock Company, with the aim of establishing a new set of docks (the East India Docks) primarily for the use of ships trading with India.


Premise: The Waldorf Astoria hotel sold for how many dollars?

Hypothesis: Manhattan was on track to have an estimated 90,000 hotel rooms at the end of 2014, a 10% increase from 2013.


Premise: Who is Hai Gaon thought to be referring to when he says Ashkenaz?

Hypothesis: In the Mahzor Vitry, the kingdom of Ashkenaz is referred to chiefly in regard to the ritual of the synagogue there, but occasionally also with regard to certain other observances.


Premise: When the Turkish tried to provide reinforcements, where were they stopped at?

Hypothesis: A separate action on the fort town of Kars in eastern Turkey led to a siege, and a Turkish attempt to reinforce the garrison was destroyed by a Russian fleet at Sinop.


Premise: Gurian created what in 1939 at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: The Review of Politics was founded in 1939 by Gurian, modeled after German Catholic journals.


Premise: How much did the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market cost?

Hypothesis: The $500 million shopping center, which was completed in 2009, saw the construction of new buildings and two smaller buildings, one new and the other a renovation of an existing building that was part of the original market.


Premise: Who was the Led Zeppelin drummer who passed away?

Hypothesis: The opening years of the 1980s saw a number of changes in personnel and direction of established hard rock acts, including the deaths of Bon Scott, the lead singer of AC/DC, and John Bonham, drummer with Led Zeppelin.


Premise: To who did Kanye lose the Best New Artist award in 2004?

Hypothesis: " On November 2, 2006, when his "Touch the Sky" failed to win Best Video at the MTV Europe Music Awards, West went onto the stage as the award was being presented to Justice and Simian for "We Are Your Friends" and argued that he should have won the award instead.


Premise: What country did the CIA believe Reagan should attack instead of Libya?

Hypothesis: Publicly lambasting U.S. imperialism, Gaddafi's reputation as an anti-imperialist was strengthened both domestically and across the Arab world, and in June 1986, he ordered the names of the month to be changed in Libya.


Premise: What model type do all of the lossy formats roughly depend on?

Hypothesis: Among these, mp3PRO, AAC, and MP2 are all members of the same technological family as MP3 and depend on roughly similar psychoacoustic models.


Premise: What Hebrew word is used to describe Mary in Isaiah 7:14?

Hypothesis: The authors of the Gospels of Matthew and Luke consider Jesus' conception not the result of intercourse and assert that Mary had "no relations with man" before Jesus' birth.[Mt 1:18]


Premise: In what year did Syria leave the UAR?

Hypothesis: Addressing the UAR's breakup on 5 October, Nasser accepted personal responsibility and declared that Egypt would recognize an elected Syrian government.


Premise: When did Fiske propose his reforms to the way the Navy operated?

Hypothesis: Eventually, the Navy adopted his reforms and by 1915 started to reorganize for possible involvement in the World War then underway.


Premise: In what year was the polio vaccine created?

Hypothesis: It was later determined that SV40 was present as a contaminant in polio vaccine lots that had been administered to 90% of the children in the United States.


Premise: Under which program did Eritrea develp and repair its transportation infrastructure during the war?

Hypothesis: Even during the war, Eritrea developed its transportation infrastructure by asphalting new roads, improving its ports, and repairing war-damaged roads and bridges as a part of the Warsay Yika'alo Program.


Premise: How did Hegel believe historical reality to be knowable to a philosopher?

Hypothesis: Hegel called his philosophy "absolute" idealism in contrast to the "subjective idealism" of Berkeley and the "transcendental idealism" of Kant and Fichte, which were not based on a critique of the finite and a dialectical philosophy of history as Hegel's idealism was.


Premise: What was the month and year when England banned public smoking?

Hypothesis: Wales followed suit in April 2007, with England introducing the ban in July 2007.


Premise: How many manufacturing workers does Paris have?

Hypothesis: Paris' manufacturing is mostly focused in its suburbs, and the city itself has only around 75,000 manufacturing workers, most of which are in the textile, clothing, leather goods and shoe trades.


Premise: Why did the Kievan state prosper?

Hypothesis: The new Kievan state prospered due to its abundant supply of furs, beeswax, honey, and slaves for export, and because it controlled three main trade routes of Eastern Europe.


Premise: How many US soldiers were killed in the battle of Mogadishu?

Hypothesis: During a raid in downtown Mogadishu, US troops became trapped overnight by a general uprising in the Battle of Mogadishu.


Premise: What is the essential difference in radio waves transmitted by an antenna?

Hypothesis: The physical size of an antenna is often a practical issue, particularly at lower frequencies (longer wavelengths).


Premise: One of Napoleon's primary goals was to enforce the Continental System against whom?

Hypothesis: One of his major objectives became enforcing the Continental System against the British.


Premise: What medium did Immanuel Velikovsky not publish his works in that is accepted practice?

Hypothesis: While the details of his work are in scientific disrepute, the concept of catastrophic change (extinction event and punctuated equilibrium) has gained acceptance in recent decades.


Premise: How many of the top twenty high school sin Australia are located in Mebourne according to the Better Education ranking?

Hypothesis: Some of Australia's most prominent and well known schools are based in Melbourne.


Premise: How much of a toll was charged on the first road to connect Atlantic City to the mainland?

Hypothesis: Albany Avenue was the first road to the mainland that was available without a toll.


Premise: What sort of mill did Bell's neighbors run?

Hypothesis: His best friend was Ben Herdman, a neighbor whose family operated a flour mill, the scene of many forays.


Premise: The battle of Battle of Balaclava took place in what month?

Hypothesis: The Russians counterattacked on 25 October in what became the Battle of Balaclava and were repulsed, but at the cost of seriously depleting the British Army forces.


Premise: Where was the rheostat mounted?

Hypothesis: In general, most elevators before WWII were manually controlled by elevator operators using a rheostat connected to the motor.


Premise: In what year did the State Management Scheme cease?

Hypothesis: During the 20th century elsewhere, both the licensing laws and enforcement were progressively relaxed, and there were differences between parishes; in the 1960s, at closing time in Kensington at 10:30 pm, drinkers would rush over the parish boundary to be in good time for "Last Orders" in Knightsbridge before 11 pm, a practice observed in many pubs adjoining licensing area boundaries.


Premise: Where was the BBC's second studio located?

Hypothesis: The studio moved to larger quarters in 16 Portland Place, London, in February 1934, and continued broadcasting the 30-line images, carried by telephone line to the medium wave transmitter at Brookmans Park, until 11 September 1935, by which time advances in all-electronic television systems made the electromechanical broadcasts obsolete.


Premise: How many times is Hay normally brought each year?

Hypothesis: Haymaking is an important farming activity in mountain villages which has become somewhat mechanized in recent years, although the slopes are so steep that usually scythes are necessary to cut the grass.


Premise: How much can a motorist be charged for needing to be rescued after ignoring safety precautions?

Hypothesis: A few underpasses in Tucson have "feet of water" scales painted on their supports to discourage fording by automobiles during a rainstorm.


Premise: What would qualify someone to use restricted use pesticides?

Hypothesis: Only certified applicators, who have passed an exam, may purchase or supervise the application of restricted use pesticides.


Premise: What gases come from hydrothermal vents?

Hypothesis: The bacteria convert inorganic matter – such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from hydrothermal vents, or methane from seeps – to organic matter that feeds themselves and their hosts, while the worms extend their palps into the gas flows to absorb the gases needed by the bacteria.


Premise: What is literary historical writing sometimes called?

Hypothesis: A significant portion of historical writing ranks as literature, particularly the genre known as creative nonfiction, as can a great deal of journalism, such as literary journalism.


Premise: Which BYU president suffered from a terminal illness?

Hypothesis: In 1989, Holland was replaced by Rex E. Lee.


Premise: Which East Asian dictatorship was excluded from the 2014 report?

Hypothesis: Some countries were not included for various reasons, primarily the lack of necessary data.


Premise: How many New Yorkers work in the food processing field?

Hypothesis: Food processing is a US$5 billion industry that employs more than 19,000 residents.


Premise: What is used to close the circuit of a dipole antenna?

Hypothesis: In this way, the ground (or any large conductive surface) plays the role of the second conductor of a dipole, thereby forming a complete circuit.


Premise: In which century was the House of the Virgin Mary found?

Hypothesis: It has since been visited as the House of the Virgin Mary by Roman Catholic pilgrims who consider it the place where Mary lived until her assumption.


Premise: What is the architectural style of the 1845 Egyptian Building?

Hypothesis: Adjoining it is the 1845 Egyptian Building, one of the few Egyptian Revival buildings in the United States.


Premise: The ancient buddhist site  in the lower Krsna Valley can be traced to at least what century BCE?

Hypothesis: " They note that the ancient Buddhist sites in the lower Kṛṣṇa Valley, including Amaravati, Nāgārjunakoṇḍā and Jaggayyapeṭa "can be traced to at least the third century BCE, if not earlier."


Premise: What was the mortgage delinquency rate in 2008

Hypothesis: At the end of the third quarter in 2008, Florida had the highest mortgage delinquency rate in the country, with 7.8% of mortgages delinquent at least 60 days.


Premise: When did laws stop banning marriage between whites and asians?

Hypothesis: White legislators passed laws prohibiting marriage between European and Asian Americans until the 1950s.


Premise: Mid-18th century London had how many domestic servants?

Hypothesis: Some children undertook work as apprentices to respectable trades, such as building or as domestic servants (there were over 120,000 domestic servants in London in the mid-18th century).


Premise: Who had influenced cultural studies in the U.K?

Hypothesis: The British version of cultural studies had originated in the 1950s and 1960s, mainly under the influence first of Richard Hoggart, E. P. Thompson, and Raymond Williams, and later that of Stuart Hall and others at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham.


Premise: What did the RCC do with remnants of the monarchy?

Hypothesis: They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces; Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of the Libyan people and had to be expunged.


Premise: What industry-based nickname does Tucson have?

Hypothesis: Roughly 150 Tucson companies are involved in the design and manufacture of optics and optoelectronics systems, earning Tucson the nickname Optics Valley.


Premise: The PV industry has seen drops in module prices since what year?

Hypothesis: The PV industry has seen drops in module prices since 2008.


Premise: In 1983, Turkish Cypriots declared what?

Hypothesis: The Turkish Cypriots subsequently declared independence in 1983 as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus but were recognised only by Turkey.


Premise: What are the two Latin equivalents of the Greek term "Theokotos?"

Hypothesis: Theotokos (and its Latin equivalents, "Deipara" and "Dei genetrix") literally means "Godbearer".


Premise: What caused the downfall of the downfall of the the original kingdom in Myanmar?

Hypothesis: The Pagan Kingdom fell due to the Mongol invasions and several warring states emerged.


Premise: What type of transmitter is used in the iTrip?

Hypothesis: Alternative connection methods include adapter kits (that use the cassette deck or the CD changer port), audio input jacks, and FM transmitters such as the iTrip—although personal FM transmitters are illegal in some countries.


Premise: The invariant interval between events is independent of what?

Hypothesis: Different observers may calculate different distances and different time intervals between two events, but the invariant interval between the events is independent of the observer (and his velocity).


Premise: What did she endorse on March 26, 2013?

Hypothesis: She publicly endorsed same sex marriage on March 26, 2013, after the Supreme Court debate on California's Proposition 8.


Premise: Who was the runner up?

Hypothesis: Glover sold poorly with her debut album, and this is also the first season that the runner-up was not signed by a music label.


Premise: What Muslim astronomer did Avicenna influence?

Hypothesis: Avicenna's astronomical writings had some influence on later writers, although in general his work could be considered less developed than Alhazen or Al-Biruni.


Premise: What radio format was described as being "the acoustic equivalent to Prozac"?

Hypothesis: WEEI-FM in Boston was the first station to use the term "soft rock", with ad slogans such as, "Fleetwood Mac ... without the yack" and "Joni ... without the baloney".


Premise: What industries suffered declines?

Hypothesis: Similarly, the rate of new jobs added to the city's economy lagged behind the national job growth.


Premise: WHy did King louis approve the privilege?

Hypothesis: In 1374 King Louis of Hungary approved the Privilege of Koszyce (Polish: "przywilej koszycki" or "ugoda koszycka") in Košice in order to guarantee the Polish throne for his daughter Jadwiga.


Premise: How many estimated non native speakers of Estonian are there in Estonia?

Hypothesis: Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities.


Premise: What type of farming is Houston's surface soil good for?

Hypothesis: These sediments consist of a series of sands and clays deposited on decaying organic marine matter, that over time, transformed into oil and natural gas.


Premise: What has reduced the popularity of numeric LED displays?

Hypothesis: Seven-segment LED displays were in widespread use in the 1970s and 1980s, but rising use of liquid crystal displays, with their lower power needs and greater display flexibility, has reduced the popularity of numeric and alphanumeric LED displays.


Premise: What other factor is relevant to the competitive exclusion principle?

Hypothesis: The competitive exclusion principle states that if two species' ecological niches overlap, there is a very high likelihood of competition as both species are in direct competition for the same resources.


Premise: When did Apple begin phasing out Macintosh in favor of "Mac"?

Hypothesis: Since 1998, Apple has largely phased out the Macintosh name in favor of "Mac", though the product family has been nicknamed "Mac" or "the Mac" since the development of the first model.


Premise: In medieval Europe was was placed on a table to help count money?

Hypothesis: Since then, many other forms of reckoning boards or tables have been invented.


Premise: What did prodigies show the Romans?

Hypothesis: In 207 BC, during one of the Punic Wars' worst crises, the Senate dealt with an unprecedented number of confirmed prodigies whose expiation would have involved "at least twenty days" of dedicated rites.


Premise: How many member clubs are shareholders in the Premier League?

Hypothesis: The Premier League is a corporation in which the 20 member clubs act as shareholders.


Premise: Nadiya Hussain, a Times Magazine column writer, is known for being the winner of what BBC contest?

Hypothesis: Notable contributors include Giles Coren, Food and Drink Writer of the Year in 2005 and Nadiya Hussain, winner of BBC's The Great British Bake Off.


Premise: When did Detroit file for bankruptcy?

Hypothesis: It was declared bankrupt by U.S. judge Stephen Rhodes on December 3, with its $18.5 billion debt he said in accepting the city's contention that it is broke and that negotiations with its thousands of creditors were infeasible.


Premise: The term Near East has fallen into disuses in what language?

Hypothesis: Despite having varying definitions within different academic circles, the term was originally applied to the maximum extent of the Ottoman Empire.


Premise: What town was closest to the main epicenter?

Hypothesis: Two south-west-north-east stripes of liedu XI are centered around Yingxiu, Wenchuan (the town closest to the epicenter of the main quake) and Beichuan (the town repeatedly struck by strong aftershocks including one registering MS 6.1 on Aug 1, 2008), both in Sichuan Province, occupying a total of 2,419 km2.


Premise: What Arab nationalist thinker was influential with the RCC?

Hypothesis: The influence of Nasser's Arab nationalism over the RCC was immediately apparent.