Premise: What country has the largest number of native Portuguese speakers?

Hypothesis: The Portuguese language is derived from the Latin spoken by the romanized Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula around 2000 years ago—particularly the Celts, Tartessians, Lusitanians and Iberians.


Premise: How much did George III pay for the house?

Hypothesis: Buckingham House was eventually sold by Buckingham's descendant, Sir Charles Sheffield, in 1761 to George III for £21,000.


Premise: What percentage of Tennessee tourists daily spending in 2013 went toward accommodation?

Hypothesis: The average person spent $118 per day: 29% on transportation, 24% on food, 17% on accommodation, and 28% on shopping and entertainment.:44


Premise: What is the purpose of the forth rail?

Hypothesis: The additional rail carries the electrical return that, on third rail and overhead networks, is provided by the running rails.


Premise: Was the cathedral finished

Hypothesis: The choir and transept were finished from 1320 and were followed then by the ambitious Dom tower.


Premise: what countries is the Commission for Environmental Cooperation made up of?

Hypothesis: The North American Environmental Atlas, produced by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation, a NAFTA agency composed of the geographical agencies of the Mexican, American, and Canadian governments uses the "Great Plains" as an ecoregion synonymous with predominant prairies and grasslands rather than as physiographic region defined by topography.


Premise: At what times is Independant service best utilized?

Hypothesis: Independent service is useful when transporting large goods or moving groups of people between certain floors.


Premise: What Schumann suite contained the name of a piece Schumann named for Chopin?

Hypothesis: Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works.


Premise: Who did the Umayyads defeat?

Hypothesis: The Punjabis followed a diverse plethora of faiths, mainly comprising Hinduism[citation needed] , when the Muslim Umayyad army led by Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh and Southern Punjab in 712, by defeating Raja Dahir.


Premise: During the summer in Nome, about how many hours ahead of the sun do they set their clocks?

Hypothesis: Nome, Alaska, is at 165°24′ W longitude, which is just west of center of the idealized Samoa Time Zone (165° W), but Nome observes Alaska Time (135° W) with DST, so it is slightly more than two hours ahead of the sun in winter and three in summer.


Premise: Continued infrastructure development results in more efficient what?

Hypothesis: According to the Ministry of Information, Posts and Telecommunication, the Act is expected to create an environment conducive to investment and the certainty it provides will encourage further infrastructural development, resulting in more efficient service delivery.


Premise: How many settlers from Turkey were living in the north?

Hypothesis: Following the invasion and the capture of its northern territory by Turkish troops, the Republic of Cyprus announced that all of its ports of entry in the north were closed, as they were effectively not under its control.[citation needed]


Premise: What do the diversity and distributions of Y lineage specific to South America indicate about certain peoples there?

Hypothesis: The micro-satellite diversity and distributions of the Y lineage specific to South America indicates that certain indigenous peoples of the Americas populations have been isolated since the initial colonization of the region.


Premise: Where is the ancient border between Lancashire and Yorkshire located?

Hypothesis: It did not cover the western part of Todmorden, where the ancient border between Lancashire and Yorkshire passes through the middle of the town.


Premise: What did Bell receive from many centers of post-secondary education?

Hypothesis: These included statuary monuments to both him and the new form of communication his telephone created, notably the Bell Telephone Memorial erected in his honor in Alexander Graham Bell Gardens in Brantford, Ontario, in 1917.


Premise: What genre of game is Twilight Princess?

Hypothesis: The Legend of Zelda:


Premise: The main cause of degradation has been what?

Hypothesis: The fauna in the state is just as diverse as the flora and varies greatly due to the large contrast in climates.


Premise: How long was the interval between the visits from the United States Secretary of State officials ?

Hypothesis: As of July 2013, about 100 political prisoners remain imprisoned, while conflict between the Burmese Army and local insurgent groups continues.


Premise: How would a record recorded with a horn sound played through modern equipment?

Hypothesis: Even an acoustic recording played back electrically on modern equipment sounds like it was recorded through a horn, notwithstanding a reduction in distortion because of the modern playback.


Premise: In how many years of every four is a council election held in Southampton?

Hypothesis: Since the 2015 council elections, the composition of the council is:


Premise: What is the meaning of the later-believed pre-Celtic Old European origin of London's name?

Hypothesis: *(p)lowonida, meaning 'river too wide to ford', and suggested that this was a name given to the part of the River Thames which flows through London; from this, the settlement gained the Celtic form of its name,


Premise: Where did Operation Moshtarak take place?

Hypothesis: Continued United States operations within Afghanistan will continue under the name "Operation Freedom's Sentinel".


Premise: What sport do the New York Rangers play?

Hypothesis: Also within the metropolitan area are the New Jersey Devils, who play in nearby Newark, New Jersey.


Premise: Who else joins Armenia in the CSTO?

Hypothesis: Armenia is member of Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) along with Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.


Premise: According to J. Barrie Jones who was the only true successor to Chopin?

Hypothesis: Alexander Scriabin was devoted to the music of Chopin, and his early published works include nineteen mazurkas, as well as numerous études and preludes; his teacher Nikolai Zverev drilled him in Chopin's works to improve his virtuosity as a performer.


Premise: When did Hamas assume it's power in the Gaza Strip?

Hypothesis: Following June 2007, when Hamas assumed power in the Gaza Strip, Israel tightened its control of the Gaza crossings along its border, as well as by sea and air, and prevented persons from entering and exiting the area except for isolated cases it deemed humanitarian.


Premise: Pork scratchings, pickled eggs and salted crisps are examples of what type of food?

Hypothesis: Otherwise, pickled cockles and mussels may be offered by the pub in jars or packets.


Premise: What did the work of Louis Pasteur and Ferdinand Cohn focus on?

Hypothesis: The word ecology was coined by Ernst Haeckel, whose particularly holistic view of nature in general (and Darwin's theory in particular) was important in the spread of ecological thinking.


Premise: The rise of what saw the independence of Greece, Serbia, the Danubian Principalities and Bulgaria?

Hypothesis: At the beginning of the 19th century the Ottoman Empire included all of the Balkan Peninsula north to the southern edge of the Hungarian Plain, but by 1914 had lost all of it except Constantinople and Eastern Thrace to the rise of Balkan nationalism, which saw the independence of Greece, Serbia, the Danubian Principalities and Bulgaria.


Premise: What phenomenon causes the center of London to be warmer than its suburbs?

Hypothesis: The effect of this can be seen below when comparing London Heathrow, 15 miles west of London, with the London Weather Centre, in the city centre.


Premise: What was the name of Beyoncé's first international tour?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé conducted pre-concert food donation drives during six major stops in conjunction with her pastor at St. John's and America's Second Harvest.


Premise: Who did the visual effects for 'War of the Worlds'?

Hypothesis: It starred Tom Cruise and Dakota Fanning, and, as with past Spielberg films, Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) provided the visual effects.


Premise: What region comprises of the Wallacea?

Hypothesis: The islands between Java/Borneo and Papua form a mixed zone, where both types occur, known as Wallacea.


Premise: Which judge is a jazz singer?

Hypothesis: jazz singer Harry Connick, Jr.


Premise: When was the Battle of Hakusukinoe?

Hypothesis: This was one of the first attempts by the Imperial government to form an organized army modeled after the Chinese system.


Premise: What film studio was brought back in May 2015?

Hypothesis: In June 2014, Universal Partnerships took over licensing consumer products for NBC and Sprout with expectation that all licensing would eventually be centralized within NBCUniversal.


Premise: What plague made it to England because of all the ships visiting Southampton in the 14th century?

Hypothesis: Surviving remains of 12th century merchants' houses such as King John's House and Canute's Palace are evidence of the wealth that existed in the town at this time.


Premise: One possible reason for the development of the circadian system is the need to counteract what ?

Hypothesis: The current view is that circadian changes in environmental oxygen levels and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of daylight are likely to have driven a need to evolve circadian rhythms to preempt, and therefore counteract, damaging redox reactions on a daily basis.


Premise: How was Mary related to Jesus?

Hypothesis: According to gospel accounts, Mary was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus and is depicted as a member of the early Christian community in Jerusalem.


Premise: What is a symptom of both zinc deficiency and excess?

Hypothesis: Animals with a diet deficient in zinc require twice as much food in order to attain the same weight gain as animals given sufficient zinc.


Premise: The scientific paper, What the frog's eye tells the frog's brain was released in what year?

Hypothesis: A few years later David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel discovered cells in the primary visual cortex of monkeys that become active when sharp edges move across specific points in the field of view—a discovery for which they won a Nobel Prize.


Premise: What did the old letter ⟨ѣ⟩ become?

Hypothesis: Older letters of the Russian alphabet include ⟨ѣ⟩, which merged to ⟨е⟩ (/je/ or /ʲe/); ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩, which both merged to ⟨и⟩ (/i/); ⟨ѳ⟩, which merged to ⟨ф⟩ (/f/); ⟨ѫ⟩, which merged to ⟨у⟩ (/u/); ⟨ѭ⟩, which merged to ⟨ю⟩


Premise: How were hackers able to penetrate connected networks?

Hypothesis: Using trojan horses, hackers were able to obtain unrestricted access to Rome's networking systems and remove traces of their activities.


Premise: What effect does Whitehead claim that experiences have on God?

Hypothesis: In this way, God is really changed by what happens in the world and the wider universe, lending the actions of finite creatures an eternal significance.


Premise: Why were the canneries ultimately closed by the early 1980s?

Hypothesis: Due to rising costs and foreign competition, the last of the canneries closed in the early 1980s.


Premise: Whose French translation of the Quran was the model for the first English version?

Hypothesis: Alexander Ross offered the first English version in 1649, from the French translation of L'Alcoran de Mahomet (1647) by Andre du Ryer.


Premise: What video format support was added in 2009?

Hypothesis: In July 2010, YouTube announced that it had launched a range of videos in 4K format, which allows a resolution of up to 4096×3072 pixels.


Premise: How many awards did Indira Gandhi International Airport win at the Skytrax World Airport Awards 2015?

Hypothesis: Delhi Airport also bags two awards for The Best Airport in Central Asia/India and Best Airport Staff in Central Asia/India at the Skytrax World Airport Awards 2015.


Premise: What floor of the Chrysler Building has sculptures of eagles at its corners?

Hypothesis: A highly influential example of the international style in the United States is the Seagram Building (1957), distinctive for its façade using visible bronze-toned I-beams to evoke the building's structure.


Premise: Why was King George VI's personal assent in 1939 noteworthy?

Hypothesis: One result, conceived as part of a string of royal duties intended to demonstrate Canada's status as an independent kingdom, was that King George VI personally assented to nine bills of the Canadian parliament during the 1939 royal tour of Canada—85 years after his great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, had last granted royal assent personally in the United Kingdom.


Premise: What did the NAS Bermuda offer once designated Annex?

Hypothesis: The original NAS Bermuda on the west side of the island, a seaplane base until the mid-1960s, was designated as the Naval Air Station Bermuda Annex.


Premise: Where did the Southeast Asians introduce their dance?

Hypothesis: Most of Southeast Asia introduced dance into their court; in particular, Cambodian royal ballet represented them in the early 7th century before the Khmer Empire, which was highly influenced by Indian Hinduism.


Premise: The state ranked second with over 150,000 metric tons of what metal?

Hypothesis: Chihuahua ranked second in Mexico for zinc at 150,211 metric tons, silver at 580,271 kg, and gold at 15,221.8 kg.


Premise: Name the other two important Ming generals?

Hypothesis: In addition, three surrendered Ming generals were singled out for their contributions to the establishment of the Qing dynasty, ennobled as feudal princes (藩王), and given governorships over vast territories in Southern China.


Premise: Who was an astronomy professor at Al-Azhar University?

Hypothesis: Al-Azhar University, founded in Cairo, Egypt in 975 by the Ismaʻīlī Shīʻī


Premise: A simple model is also referred to as what?

Hypothesis: In a simple model, often referred to as the transmission model or standard view of communication, information or content (e.g. a message in natural language) is sent in some form (as spoken language) from an emisor/ sender/ encoder to a destination/ receiver/ decoder.


Premise: What religion holds the majority in the Bible Belt?

Hypothesis: While the Baptists in total (counting both blacks and whites) have maintained the majority in this part of the country (known as the Bible Belt), the population in North Carolina practices a wide variety of faiths, including Judaism, Islam, Baha'i, Buddhism, and Hinduism.


Premise: What might happen in a restrictive state even if you do have access to the youtube site itself?

Hypothesis: In other countries access to the website as a whole remains open, but access to specific videos is blocked.


Premise: Which treaty did Canada ignore?

Hypothesis: Britain's request for military assistance from the Dominions at the outbreak of the Chanak Crisis the previous year had been turned down by Canada and South Africa, and Canada had refused to be bound by the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne.


Premise: What is the Latin word for federalism?

Hypothesis: It was in this sense that James Madison in Federalist 39 had referred to the new United States as 'neither a national nor a federal Constitution, but a composition of both' (ie.


Premise: What is the second-most-common language in Melborne?

Hypothesis: Chinese (mainly Cantonese and Mandarin) is the second-most-common language spoken at home (3.6%), with Greek third, Italian fourth and Vietnamese fifth, each with more than 100,000 speakers.


Premise: What conflict prompted Libya to end its nuclear weapons program?

Hypothesis: That month he also addressed the United Nations General Assembly in New York for the first time, using it to condemn "western aggression".


Premise: What popular type combines more that one antenna?

Hypothesis: The ordinary half-wave dipole is probably the most widely used antenna design.


Premise: What does AGL stand for?

Hypothesis: Traffic patterns are flown at one specific altitude, usually 800 or 1,000 ft (244 or 305 m) above ground level (AGL).


Premise: What is a television show from Australia that was shown on the BBC?

Hypothesis: The BBC has come under pressure to commission more programmes from independent British production companies, and indeed is legally required to source 25% of its output from such companies by the terms of the Broadcasting Act 1990.


Premise: How much money is each PureCell Model 400 fuel cell projected to save the city of New Haven in energy costs over the course of a decade?

Hypothesis: There are three PureCell Model 400 fuel cells placed in the city of New Haven—one at the New Haven Public Schools and newly constructed Roberto Clemente School, one at the mixed-use 360 State Street building, and one at City Hall.


Premise: Where are glaciers in Africa located?

Hypothesis: Africa has glaciers on Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, on Mount Kenya and in the Rwenzori Mountains.


Premise: Who designed the General Assembly Offices at the Eighth and Main Building?

Hypothesis: The architectural firm of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill has designed two buildings: the Library of Virginia and the General Assembly Offices at the Eighth and Main Building.


Premise: When was the Philadelphia Baptist Confession created?

Hypothesis: Shared doctrines would include beliefs about one God; the virgin birth; miracles; atonement for sins through the death, burial, and bodily resurrection of Jesus; the Trinity; the need for salvation (through belief in Jesus Christ as the son of God, his death and resurrection, and confession of Christ as Lord); grace; the Kingdom of God; last things (eschatology) (Jesus Christ will return personally and visibly in glory to the earth, the dead will be raised, and Christ will judge everyone in righteousness); and evangelism and missions.


Premise: When did Vote for the Worst close?

Hypothesis: Concerns about power voting have been expressed from the very first season.


Premise: About how many hotels does St. Barts have?

Hypothesis: St. Barthélemy has about 25 hotels, most of them with 15 rooms or fewer.


Premise: Who is in the executive branch?

Hypothesis: The principal head of government, the Governor is the chief executive of the Oklahoma executive branch, serving as the ex officio Commander-in-Chief of the Oklahoma National Guard when not called into Federal use and reserving the power to veto bills passed through the Legislature.


Premise: When authorities could no longer calculate the risks of complex financial innovation products, who did they rely on for information?

Hypothesis: As financial assets became more and more complex, and harder and harder to value, investors were reassured by the fact that both the international bond rating agencies and bank regulators, who came to rely on them, accepted as valid some complex mathematical models which theoretically showed the risks were much smaller than they actually proved to be.


Premise: When did the IEC isntigate the Red Book CD-DA as an international standard?

Hypothesis: After a year of experimentation and discussion, the task force produced the Red Book CD-DA standard.


Premise: When monks pulled out of the event, where was the new starting point for the relay?

Hypothesis: The public was not allowed at the parking lot where the relay started.


Premise: What type of radiation makes up the majority of tungsten filament emissions?

Hypothesis: The spectrum emitted by a blackbody radiator at temperatures of incandescent bulbs does not match the sensitivity characteristics of the human eye; the light emitted does not appear white, and most is not in the range of wavelengths at which the eye is most sensitive.


Premise: How many electrical conductors, or plates, do all capacitors contain at a minimum?

Hypothesis: The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors (plates) separated by a dielectric (i.e. an insulator that can store energy by becoming polarized).


Premise: What results in sexual differences in males and females?

Hypothesis: This results in sexual differences between males and females.


Premise: Who developed the 33 1/3 rpm speed record?

Hypothesis: Subsequently, the 16 2⁄3 rpm speed was used for narrated publications for the blind and visually impaired, and were never widely commercially available, although it was common to see new turntable models with a 16 rpm speed setting produced as late as the 1970s.


Premise: What was one of the important roles submarine played in the war?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, they played important reconnaissance roles, as at the battles of the Philippine Sea (June 1944) and Leyte Gulf (October 1944) (


Premise: Who is the current head of the Greek Orthodox church in Cyprus?

Hypothesis: The current leader of the Greek Orthodox Church of Cyprus is Archbishop Chrysostomos II.


Premise: What other types of theater performance are seen in Nanjing?

Hypothesis: Nanjing also has professional opera troupes for the Yang, Yue (shaoxing), Xi and Jing (Chinese opera varieties) as well as Suzhou pingtan, spoken theatre and puppet theatre.


Premise: Where was an Executive MBA program established by Washington University in 2002?

Hypothesis: Founded as the School of Commerce and Finance in 1917, the Olin Business School was named after entrepreneur John M. Olin in 1988.


Premise: Which candidate did Schwarzenegger appear with at a presidential campaign rally?

Hypothesis: In 1985, Schwarzenegger appeared in "Stop the Madness", an anti-drug music video sponsored by the Reagan administration.


Premise: What caused the nobility to leave Valencia?

Hypothesis: This manifested early in 1519–1523 when the artisan guilds known as the Germanies revolted against the government of the Habsburg king Charles I in Valencia, now part of the Crown of Aragon, with most of the fighting done in 1521.


Premise: What type of cells have a huge role in brain metabolism?

Hypothesis: Glial cells play a major role in brain metabolism by controlling the chemical composition of the fluid that surrounds neurons, including levels of ions and nutrients.


Premise: When was this Brytish Illes name used in the English language by John Dee?

Hypothesis: Owing to political and national associations with the word British, the Government of Ireland does not use the term British Isles and in documents drawn up jointly between the British and Irish governments, the archipelago is referred to simply as "these islands".


Premise: What was Wesley Clark's former job?

Hypothesis: Democratic strategist Bob Shrum, who was Kerry's 2004 campaign adviser, wrote an article in Time magazine claiming that after the election, Kerry had said that he wished he'd never picked Edwards, and that the two have since stopped speaking to each other.


Premise: In this period, who usually inherited fiefs?

Hypothesis: Instead, most fiefs and lands went to the eldest son.[R]


Premise: What is a problem with racial assignments?

Hypothesis: This has resulted in a majority of people who identify as African American having some European ancestors.


Premise: What physicists in the field of quantum theory have been influenced by Whitehead?

Hypothesis: Also, although Whitehead himself gave only secondary consideration to quantum theory, his metaphysics of processes has proved attractive to some physicists in that field.


Premise: What team played at Kino Veterans Memorial Stadium in 2011-2013?

Hypothesis: Legal issues derailed the plans to build the Escondido stadium, so they moved to El Paso, Texas for the 2014 season.


Premise: Works from the Golden Age of music matches action to what?

Hypothesis: Several works from the Golden Age of Animation matched the action to classical music.


Premise: What percentage of people infected with polio develop disease?

Hypothesis: The prion causing mad cow disease and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease invariably kills all animals and people that are infected.


Premise: How are the terms Hispanic and Latino not specific?

Hypothesis: In contrast to "Latino" or "Hispanic", "Anglo" refers to non-Hispanic White Americans or non-Hispanic European Americans, most of whom speak the English language but are not necessarily of English descent.


Premise: In what part of a tree's cross-section is heartwood visible?

Hypothesis: Heartwood is often visually distinct from the living sapwood, and can be distinguished in a cross-section where the boundary will tend to follow the growth rings.


Premise: Who failed to take back Malakoff?

Hypothesis: The Russians retreated to the north, blowing up their magazines and the city fell on 9 September 1855 after a 337-day-long siege.:106


Premise: By what height did sea levels rise at the end of the last glacial period?

Hypothesis: Ice melt caused world sea levels to rise about 35 metres (115 ft) in the early part of the Holocene.


Premise: How many species of flowering plants are there about?

Hypothesis: Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants; they are distinguished from gymnosperms by characteristics including flowers, endosperm within the seeds, and the production of fruits that contain the seeds.


Premise: Avenue or Watercourse is the literal meaning of what Spanish word?

Hypothesis: As an integral part of Montevidean identity, the Rambla has been included by Uruguay in the Indicative List of World Heritage sites, though it has not received this status.


Premise: What indicates the formation of ZN2Cl?

Hypothesis: Calculations indicate that a zinc compound with the oxidation state of +4 is unlikely to exist.


Premise: What author called wood's density "fairly easily measured"?

Hypothesis: Wood density is determined by multiple growth and physiological factors compounded into “one fairly easily measured wood characteristic”


Premise: In 2009, what size did the data saved by Wayback Machine reach?

Hypothesis: The data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies.


Premise: When did Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders issue a report about commercial mortgage-backed securities?

Hypothesis: After researching the default of commercial loans during the financial crisis, Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders reported (in December 2010): "We find limited evidence that substantial deterioration in CMBS [commercial mortgage-backed securities] loan underwriting occurred prior to the crisis.


Premise: What may present visible or distracting artifacts?

Hypothesis: As in all lossy compression, there is a trade-off between video quality, cost of processing the compression and decompression, and system requirements.


Premise: Do defending champtions get to play in the following year's Champions League if they don't have enough wins to qualify

Hypothesis: However, for those leagues with four entrants in the Champions League, this meant that if the Champions League winner finished outside the top four in its domestic league, it would qualify at the expense of the fourth-placed team in the league.


Premise: What can be added to allow for an antenna shorter than the needed height to produce desired results?

Hypothesis: For example, at 30 MHz (10 m wavelength) a true resonant 1⁄4-wavelength monopole would be almost 2.5 meters long, and using an antenna only 1.5 meters tall would require the addition of a loading coil.


Premise: How did Burke think the Whigs secretly felt?

Hypothesis: They leave me to myself; they see that I can do myself justice".


Premise: Where did Victoria's oldest daughter get married?

Hypothesis: Eleven days after Orsini's assassination attempt in France, Victoria's eldest daughter married Prince Frederick William of Prussia in London.


Premise: Where does the Arctic tern migrate each year?

Hypothesis: Some species of tubenoses (Procellariiformes) such as albatrosses circle the earth, flying over the southern oceans, while others such as Manx shearwaters migrate 14,000 km (8,700 mi) between their northern breeding grounds and the southern ocean.


Premise: Who did the Neo-Confucian establishment have animosity towards?

Hypothesis: With the death of Zhengde and ascension of Jiajing, the politics at court shifted in favor of the Neo-Confucian establishment which not only rejected the Portuguese embassy of Fernão Pires de Andrade (d. 1523), but had a predisposed animosity towards Tibetan Buddhism and lamas.


Premise: What is a vacuum?

Hypothesis: The Latin term in vacuo is used to describe an object as being in what would otherwise be a vacuum.


Premise: What is the typical operating current for high-power LEDs?

Hypothesis: Typical operating currents for such devices begin at 350 mA.


Premise: How much identified as white?

Hypothesis: By the 2000 census, demographic changes including the end to slavery, immigration from Europe and Asia, assimilation of multiracial persons, and other factors resulted in a population in which 6.2% of the population identified as black, 40% as pardo, and 55% as white.


Premise: Through what time period did the Berlin Blockade  last?

Hypothesis: In the Cold War era, the Generation of Love and the rise of computers changed society in very different, complex ways, including higher social and local mobility.


Premise: What career did Joan hold?

Hypothesis: Joan eventually became an astrophysicist specializing in interactions between the Earth and the solar wind.


Premise: What age is too young to use spirometry to determine asthma?

Hypothesis: There is currently no precise test with the diagnosis typically based on the pattern of symptoms and response to therapy over time.


Premise: The state decreed that how many men serve along the border in 1846?

Hypothesis: In 1843 the possibility of war was anticipated by the state government and it began to reinforce the defense lines along the political boundary with Texas.


Premise: What do Locke's idea of natural rights include?

Hypothesis: For Locke the law of nature is grounded on mutual security, or the idea that one cannot infringe on another's natural rights, as every man is equal and has the same inalienable rights.


Premise: What battles were initially complete disasters for Rome?

Hypothesis: The Romans then again defeated the Carthaginians in naval battle at the Battle of the Aegates Islands and left Carthage with neither a fleet nor sufficient coin to raise one.


Premise: What does ein diutscher mean?

Hypothesis: The process was gradual and lacked any clear definition, and the use of exonyms designating "the Germans" develops only during the High Middle Ages.


Premise: When was the Power Mac G4 discontinued?

Hypothesis: A price drop and hardware upgrades could not offset the earlier perception of the Cube's reduced value compared to the iMac and Power Mac G4 lineup, and it was discontinued in July 2001.


Premise: How do people create a social reality in which social categorization is achieved?

Hypothesis: When people define and talk about a particular conception of race, they create a social reality through which social categorization is achieved.


Premise: Along with Plymouth Council, what body supports the "Vision for Plymouth"?

Hypothesis: Its projects range from shopping centres, a cruise terminal, a boulevard and to increase the population to 300,000 and build 33,000 dwellings.


Premise: In the southern hemisphere, what aspect of DST is about the reverse of that of the northern hemisphere?

Hypothesis: The time difference between the United Kingdom and mainland Chile could therefore be five hours during the Northern summer, three hours during the Southern summer and four hours a few weeks per year because of mismatch of changing dates.


Premise: What anti-Nasser Iraqi was assassinated?

Hypothesis: On 14 July, Iraqi army officers Abdel Karim Qasim and Abdel Salam Aref overthrew the Iraqi monarchy and, the next day, Iraqi prime minister and Nasser's chief Arab antagonist, Nuri al-Said, was killed.


Premise: During which period did humans first inhabit Galicia?

Hypothesis: The area now called Galicia was first inhabited by humans during the Middle Paleolithic period, and it takes its name from the Gallaeci, the Celtic peoples living north of the Douro river during the last millennium BC, in a region largely coincidental with that of the Iron Age local Castro culture.


Premise: What is the primary concern for the software specialist and auditors?

Hypothesis: They examine and change the software engineering process itself to reduce the number of faults that end up in the delivered software: the so-called "defect rate".


Premise: Why is North Korea insisting that the 1953 armistice was violated?

Hypothesis: After a new wave of UN sanctions, on 11 March 2013, North Korea claimed that it had invalidated the 1953 armistice.


Premise: What is the name of the Royal Institute's business operation?

Hypothesis: It employs over 250 staff, approximately 180 of whom are based in Newcastle.


Premise: How many of Northwestern's 9 founders were ministers?

Hypothesis: The school's nine founders, all of whom were Methodists (three of them ministers), knelt in prayer and worship before launching their first organizational meeting.


Premise: What are Chalets built of?

Hypothesis: Chalets often face south or downhill, and are built of solid wood, with a steeply gabled roof to allow accumulated snow to slide off easily.


Premise: Who ultimately gained control of the Beijing government?

Hypothesis: Despite the fact that various warlords gained control of the government in Beijing during the warlord era, this did not constitute a new era of control or governance, because other warlords did not acknowledge the transitory governments in this period and were a law unto themselves.


Premise: What was Montini accused of being by the Italian government?

Hypothesis: Montini was several times openly attacked by Benito Mussolini's government as a politician, and meddling in politics, but each time he found powerful defenses by the Vatican.


Premise: Who said Chopin's works were modeled after Bach, Beethoven, Schubert and Field?

Hypothesis: Richard Taruskin impugns Schumann's attitude toward Chopin's works as patronizing and comments that Chopin "felt his Polish patriotism deeply and sincerely" but consciously modelled his works on the tradition of Bach, Beethoven, Schubert and Field.


Premise: What stupa is close to the National Museum?

Hypothesis: It is the most important museum in the country, housing an extensive collection of weapons, art and antiquities of historic and cultural importance.


Premise: Other than for railroads and road junction, what did Hanover have that made it a major target?

Hypothesis: As an important railroad and road junction and production center, Hanover was a major target for strategic bombing during World War II, including the Oil Campaign.


Premise: What was the purpose of the Kinsale Road flyover?

Hypothesis: For example, the Cork South Link dual carriageway was built in the early 1980s, to link the Kinsale Road roundabout with the city centre.


Premise: When did De Braose die?

Hypothesis: De Braose died in exile in 1211, and his grandsons remained in prison until 1218.


Premise: Who is the president of the BROUK's UK division?

Hypothesis: The immediate cause of the riots is unclear, with many commentators citing the killing of ten Burmese Muslims by ethnic Rakhine after the rape and murder of a Rakhine woman as the main cause.


Premise: How much of Nigeria's population in 2009 was rural?

Hypothesis: The United Nations estimates that the population in 2009 was at 154,729,000, distributed as 51.7% rural and 48.3% urban, and with a population density of 167.5 people per square kilometre.


Premise: Since when have Portuguese universities existed?

Hypothesis: Portuguese universities have existed since 1290.


Premise: What is the area known as?

Hypothesis: As a result, most of Raleigh features gently rolling hills that slope eastward toward the state's flat coastal plain.


Premise: In 2005, what percentage of New York residents used mass transit to get to work?

Hypothesis: This is in contrast to the rest of the United States, where about 90% of commuters drive automobiles to their workplace.


Premise: What feature was missing from the final Mac design produced by Smith?

Hypothesis: Though there were no memory slots, its RAM was expandable to 512 kB by means of soldering sixteen IC sockets to accept 256 kb RAM chips in place of the factory-installed chips.


Premise: When were the Nieszawa statutes granted?

Hypothesis: The king could promulgate new laws, raise taxes, or call for a levée en masse (pospolite ruszenie) only with the consent of the sejmiks, and the nobility were protected from judicial abuses.


Premise: What percentage of children ages 8-14 could read and write Spanish?

Hypothesis: Average schooling is 8.5 years, which means that in general the average citizen over 15 years of age has gone as far as a second year in secondary education.


Premise: Where else can one see a theater performance?

Hypothesis: Theater performances are also offered at the Raleigh Little Theatre, Long View Center, Ira David Wood III Pullen Park Theatre, and Stewart and Thompson Theaters at North Carolina State University.


Premise: What was Serbo-Croatian the official language for in the 20th century?

Hypothesis: In the 20th century, Serbo-Croatian served as the official language of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (when it was called "Serbo-Croato-Slovenian"), and later as one of the official languages of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.


Premise: What prevented a full-scale merger of the two companies?

Hypothesis: For various reasons, the new firm operated as a dual-listed company, whereby the merging companies maintained their legal existence, but operated as a single-unit partnership for business purposes.


Premise: What names were used in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814?

Hypothesis: In the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 the names "United Provinces of the Netherlands" and "United Netherlands" were used.


Premise: What regional ITV station serves Plymouth?

Hypothesis: Plymouth is the regional television centre of BBC South West.


Premise: In what year did Southampton lead preparations for the Invasion of Europe?

Hypothesis: It was also central to the preparations for the Invasion of Europe in 1944.


Premise: When is Prince of Wales projected to commission?

Hypothesis: Their primary aircraft complement will be made up of F-35B Lightning IIs, and their ship's company will number around 680 with the total complement rising to about 1600 when the air group is embarked.


Premise: How are parties regulated?

Hypothesis: Regulation of parties may run from a crackdown on or repression of all opposition parties, a norm for authoritarian governments, to the repression of certain parties which hold or promote ideals which run counter to the general ideology of the state's incumbents (or possess membership by-laws which are legally unenforceable).


Premise: Who is in charges of directing the Jehovah Witnesses?

Hypothesis: Jehovah's Witnesses are directed by the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses, a group of elders in Brooklyn, New York, which establishes all doctrines based on its interpretations of the Bible.


Premise: Who crowned Napoleon Emperor?

Hypothesis: However, Napoleon was anointed by a priest before his death.


Premise: How many crusades were waged against the Hussites?

Hypothesis: He was excommunicated and burned at the stake in Constance, Bishopric of Constance in 1415 by secular authorities for unrepentant and persistent heresy.


Premise: In 1987 what elected government was removed in a coup?

Hypothesis: The same year, the elected Fijian government was deposed in a military coup.


Premise: How many television control rooms is BYU Broadcasting Technical Operations Center home to?

Hypothesis: The BYU Broadcasting Technical Operations Center is home to three television production studios, two television control rooms, radio studios, radio performance space, and master control operations.


Premise: What was the population of the state in 2015?

Hypothesis: During the first decade of the new century, growth was mainly concentrated in Montana's seven largest counties, with the highest percentage growth in Gallatin County, which saw a 32 percent increase in its population from 2000-2010.


Premise: The article about Kanye's fourth album written by Matthew Trammell was published in what magazine?

Hypothesis: Rolling Stone journalist Matthew Trammell asserted that the record was ahead of its time and wrote in a 2012 article, "Now that popular music has finally caught up to it, 808s & Heartbreak has revealed itself to be Kanye’s most vulnerable work, and perhaps his most brilliant."


Premise: How much did the Deluxe NES sell for?

Hypothesis: The Deluxe Set, retailing at US$199.99 (equivalent to $475 in 2016), included R.O.B., a light gun called the NES Zapper, two controllers, and two Game Paks: Gyromite, and Duck Hunt.


Premise: Out of what city was the Sea Nymph sailing?

Hypothesis: Similarly, in 1845 the schooner Naiad punished a native for stealing with such violence that the natives attacked the ship.


Premise: When did cotton first become a large-scale agricultural product in Tennessee?

Hypothesis: Although cotton was an early crop in Tennessee, large-scale cultivation of the fiber did not begin until the 1820s with the opening of the land between the Tennessee and Mississippi Rivers.


Premise: Who is another leading Islamic figure in medicine?

Hypothesis: He was one of the Islamic world's leading writers in the field of medicine.


Premise: Inserting north Zhejiang names into poetry gave an effect of what?

Hypothesis: In particular, the fame of Hangzhou (as well as Suzhou in neighbouring Jiangsu province) has led to the popular saying: "Above there is heaven; below there is Suzhou and Hangzhou" (上有天堂，下有苏杭), a saying that continues to be a source of pride for the people of these two still prosperous cities.


Premise: Early state organizations where headed by what?

Hypothesis: Moreover, it was the beginnings of class differentiation, and nobles pledged allegiance either to the Frankish/ Holy Roman Emperors or the Byzantine Emperors.


Premise: What did Barry Goldwater call Eisenhower?

Hypothesis: However, his endorsement came somewhat reluctantly because Goldwater had attacked the former president as "a dime-store New Dealer".


Premise: In Paris, what movie has generated more ticket revenue than Spectre?

Hypothesis: In Mexico, where part of the film was shot, it debuted with more than double that of Skyfall with $4.5 million.


Premise: Schwarzenegger became a millionaire by what age?

Hypothesis: By the age of 30, Schwarzenegger was a millionaire, well before his career in Hollywood.


Premise: What is the tallest skyscraper in the country?

Hypothesis: The building façades in the Old Town reflect the city's extensive European immigration, displaying the influence of old European architecture.


Premise: Why was that?

Hypothesis: The only seasons in recent times when this pattern was not followed were 1999–2000, when most rounds were played a few weeks earlier than normal as an experiment, and 2010–11 and 2012–13 when the FA Cup Final was played before the Premier League season had finished, to allow Wembley Stadium to be ready for the UEFA Champions League final, as well as in 2011–12 to allow England time to prepare for that summer's European Championships.


Premise: What relationship proposed on the basis of morphological evidence has recently been disputed?

Hypothesis: The apparently sudden appearance of nearly modern flowers in the fossil record initially posed such a problem for the theory of evolution that it was called an "abominable mystery" by Charles Darwin.


Premise: Aside from beverages, what types of food do pubs typically offer?

Hypothesis: Historically, pubs have been socially and culturally distinct from cafés, bars and German beer halls.


Premise: What years did Vladimir the Great reign as leader?

Hypothesis: It is not clearly documented when the title of the Grand Duke was first introduced, but the importance of the Kiev principality was recognized after the death of Sviatoslav I in 972 and the ensuing struggle between Vladimir the Great and Yaropolk I.


Premise: When was Hipparchus born?

Hypothesis: Astronomers like Hipparchus (c. 190 – c. 120 BC) built upon the measurements of the Babylonian astronomers before him, to measure the precession of the Earth.


Premise: For what sort of organisms is the embryo normally engineered?

Hypothesis: However, the genomes of cells in an adult organism can be edited using gene therapy techniques to treat genetic diseases.


Premise: When did Stratonice marry Ariarathes III?

Hypothesis: In 255 B.C., Ariarathes III took the title of king and married Stratonice, a daughter of Antiochus II, remaining an ally of the Seleucid kingdom.


Premise: What is the only trade union on Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: The Tuvalu Overseas Seamen's Union (TOSU) is the only registered trade union in Tuvalu.


Premise: What did Jahn promote the use of?

Hypothesis: In the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Germany, three pioneer physical educators – Johann Friedrich GutsMuths (1759–1839) and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1778–1852) – created exercises for boys and young men on apparatus they had designed that ultimately led to what is considered modern gymnastics.


Premise: Where did Buddha reside when he was alive?

Hypothesis: According to Buddhist tradition, the Buddha lived and taught in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, present-day Nepal sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries


Premise: Why was there concerns in 2010?

Hypothesis: In 2010, there were concerns among Tajik officials that Islamic militarism in the east of the country was on the rise following the escape of 25 militants from a Tajik prison in August, an ambush that killed 28 Tajik soldiers in the Rasht Valley in September, and another ambush in the valley in October that killed 30 soldiers, followed by fighting outside Gharm that left 3 militants dead.


Premise: How many times did Frédéric and Liszt collaborate in performances during the years of 1833 to 1841?

Hypothesis: Their last appearance together in public was for a charity concert conducted for the Beethoven Memorial in Bonn, held at the Salle Pleyel and the Paris Conservatory on 25 and 26 April 1841.


Premise: When did modern chemistry come into existence?

Hypothesis: Modern chemistry emerged from the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries through the material practices and theories promoted by alchemy, medicine, manufacturing and mining.


Premise: What Israeli orchestra has been in operation for more than seventy years?

Hypothesis: Israel has also produced many musicians of note, some achieving international stardom.


Premise: What three things were popular in the Nanjing Fuzimiao area?

Hypothesis: Traditionally Nanjing's nightlife was mostly centered around Nanjing Fuzimiao (Confucius Temple) area along the Qinhuai River, where night markets, restaurants and pubs thrived.


Premise: What kind of aircraft is used to intercept and destroy other aircraft?

Hypothesis: The interceptor aircraft (or simply interceptor) is a type of fighter aircraft designed specifically to intercept and destroy enemy aircraft, particularly bombers, usually relying on high speed and altitude capabilities.


Premise: What was Mariah Careys position on season 12 of American Idol?

Hypothesis: Judges Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler left the show after two seasons.


Premise: When did the Coastal Road Massacre occur?

Hypothesis: In the next few years, the PLO infiltrated the south and kept up a sporadic shelling across the border.


Premise: Between August 24th and October 26th how many German's left the Oblast to the Soviet Occupation zone?

Hypothesis: In April 1946, northern East Prussia became an official province of the Russian SFSR as the "Kyonigsbergskaya Oblast", with the Memel Territory becoming part of the Lithuanian SSR.


Premise: How many districts does the federal government control in 1970?

Hypothesis: Since then, in a de facto manner, the whole Federal District, whose delegaciones had by then almost formed a single urban area, began to be considered a synonym of Mexico City.


Premise: What percentage of Bermuda's residents are US citizens?

Hypothesis: There are few accredited diplomats in Bermuda.


Premise: What kind of artistic production can be supported by design competitions?

Hypothesis: They can be used for buildings, engineering work, structures, landscape design projects or public realm artworks.


Premise: The Saraguro and Panzaleo are two of the member groups of what population?

Hypothesis: Linguistic evidence suggests that the Salascan and the Saraguro may have been the descendants of Bolivian ethnic groups transplanted to Ecuador as mitimaes.


Premise: What bank spent time as being the tallest building in San Diego?

Hypothesis: Currently the tallest building in San Diego is One America Plaza, standing 500 feet (150 m) tall, which was completed in 1991.


Premise: What stations did CBC broadcast in HD in 2005?

Hypothesis: CBC HD is available nationally via satellite and on digital cable as well as for free over-the-air using a regular TV antenna and a digital tuner (included in most new television sets) on the following channels:


Premise: Passive air defence includes camouflage and what?

Hypothesis: It remains a vital activity by ground forces and includes camouflage and concealment to avoid detection by reconnaissance and attacking aircraft.


Premise: What does VASI stand for?

Hypothesis: A visual approach slope indicator (VASI) helps pilots fly the approach for landing.


Premise: What religious sect were the proprietors of Perth Amboy?

Hypothesis: The original charter of the Province of East Jersey had restricted membership in the Assembly to Christians; the Duke of York was fervently Catholic, and the proprietors of Perth Amboy, New Jersey were Scottish Catholic peers.


Premise: What type of lines does wove paper not exhibit?

Hypothesis: Laidlines are very close together.


Premise: In what country did literacy rates double over the course of the 18th century?

Hypothesis: Reflecting the decreasing influence of religion, the number of books about science and art published in Paris doubled from 1720 to 1780, while the number of books about religion dropped to just one-tenth of the total.


Premise: Does ending child labour have a global value?

Hypothesis: Some scholars[who?] suggest any labour by children aged 18 years or less is wrong since this encourages illiteracy, inhumane work and lower investment in human capital.


Premise: Where is South Beach in relation to Downtown?

Hypothesis: The heart of the city is Downtown Miami and is technically on the eastern side of the city.


Premise: Who are not assigned any special precedence?

Hypothesis: Wives of male members of all classes also feature on the order of precedence, as do sons, daughters and daughters-in-law of Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander; relatives of Ladies of the Order, however, are not assigned any special precedence.


Premise: Are written records of Old Dutch rare or common?

Hypothesis: Attestations of Old Dutch sentences are extremely rare.


Premise: What is a measure of pesticides determined in EPA studies?

Hypothesis: The EPA regulates pesticides to ensure that these products do not pose adverse effects to humans or the environment.


Premise: What's the most famous cricket club in Cork?

Hypothesis: The most notable cricket club in Cork is Cork County Cricket Club, which was formed in 1874.


Premise: What kind of groups are on Saint Helena and Ascension Island?

Hypothesis: Lord and Lady Baden-Powell visited the Scouts on Saint Helena on the return from their 1937 tour of Africa.


Premise: What violation could result in stoning and was supported by 82% of Egyptian responders?

Hypothesis: The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, a bipartisan independent agency of the US government, has placed Egypt on its watch list of countries that require close monitoring due to the nature and extent of violations of religious freedom engaged in or tolerated by the government.


Premise: What percent of the population is born somewhere else in Switzerland?

Hypothesis: Of the population in the municipality, 39,008 or about 30.3% were born in Bern and lived there in 2000.


Premise: What was Apple's Mac OS X based on?

Hypothesis: Apple introduced Mac OS X 10.8 in February, and it was made available in the summer of 2012.


Premise: How many appreciation medals were minted?

Hypothesis: A total of twenty designs are cataloged with a total mintage of 9,858.


Premise: The Parthian Empire worshipped Greek Gods and what other cultures deities?

Hypothesis: Their rulers established ruler cults in the manner of Hellenistic kings and often used Hellenistic royal epithets.


Premise: When did Kerry become a Senator?

Hypothesis: He served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January.


Premise: Who was Nassir's choice to represent the Free Officers?

Hypothesis: Nasser was determined to establish the independence of the army from the monarchy, and with Amer as the intercessor, resolved to field a nominee for the Free Officers.


Premise: Along with The Passing Parade, Crime Does Not Pay and Pete Smith Specialties, what short subjects feature on TCM?

Hypothesis: In addition to this, extended breaks between features are filled with theatrically released movie trailers and classic short subjects – from series such as The Passing Parade, Crime Does Not Pay, Pete Smith Specialties, and Robert Benchley – under the banner name TCM Extras (formerly One Reel Wonders).


Premise: When did the NFL limit teams to 9 preseason games?

Hypothesis: Since the 2000s, some preseason games have been played in Europe against European teams, as part of the NHL Challenge and NHL Premiere series.


Premise: After 1573 who could become a polish-lithuanian monarch?

Hypothesis: However, starting from 1573, practically any Polish noble or foreigner of royal blood could become a Polish–Lithuanian monarch.


Premise: Adult Top 40 represented a midpoint between what two radio formats?

Hypothesis: In 1996, Billboard created a new chart called Adult Top 40, which reflects programming on radio stations that exists somewhere between "adult contemporary" music and "pop" music.


Premise: Who said IP failures may infringe on human rights to food and health?

Hypothesis: In 2001 the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights issued a document called "Human rights and intellectual property" that argued that intellectual property tends to be governed by economic goals when it should be viewed primarily as a social product; in order to serve human well-being, intellectual property systems must respect and conform to human rights laws.


Premise: What is the city's largest age group?

Hypothesis: The city's 25- to 29-year-old age group was the city's largest age cohort.


Premise: Where did Broz move in 1921?

Hypothesis: As 1921 began he moved to Veliko Trojstvo near Bjelovar and found work as a machinist.


Premise: What do Ethnoarchaeologists gain a better understanding of by studying living human groups?

Hypothesis: Ethnoarchaeology is a type of archaeology that studies the practices and material remains of living human groups in order to gain a better understanding of the evidence left behind by past human groups, who are presumed to have lived in similar ways.


Premise: What were Watch Tower Society directors jailed for?

Hypothesis: As a result, Watch Tower Society directors were jailed for sedition under the Espionage Act in 1918 and members were subjected to mob violence; charges against the directors were dropped in 1920.


Premise: In what era could you find good quality recordings and playbacks at home?

Hypothesis: The Capehart radio/phonographs of the era with large diameter electrodynamic loudspeakers, though not ideal, demonstrated this quite well with "home recordings" readily available in the music stores for the public to buy.


Premise: What is the national bird of Saint Helena?

Hypothesis: It appears on the coat of arms of Saint Helena and on the flag.


Premise: What has caused a decrease in CD sales?

Hypothesis: For example, between 2000 - 2008, despite overall growth in music sales and one anomalous year of increase, major-label CD sales declined overall by 20%, although independent and DIY music sales may be tracking better according to figures released 30 March 2009, and CDs still continue to sell greatly.


Premise: What was signed in 1579

Hypothesis: In 1579 the northern seven provinces signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they decided to join forces against Spanish rule.


Premise: Who created the first solar cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide?

Hypothesis: In 1931 a German engineer, Dr Bruno Lange, developed a photo cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide.


Premise: Around how many French were killed, injured, or taken prisoner in the Battle of Borodino?

Hypothesis: The Russians eventually offered battle outside Moscow on 7 September: the Battle of Borodino resulted in approximately 44,000 Russian and 35,000 French dead, wounded or captured, and may have been the bloodiest day of battle in history up to that point in time.


Premise: What are some things that can cause a homosexual person to be with the opposite sex?

Hypothesis: Gay and lesbian people can have sexual relationships with someone of the opposite sex for a variety of reasons, including the desire for a perceived traditional family and concerns of discrimination and religious ostracism.


Premise: Who adopted Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr?

Hypothesis: In 656, Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, the son of Abu Bakr, the adopted son of Ali ibn Abi Talib, and the great grandfather of Ja'far al-Sadiq, showed some Egyptians the house of Uthman ibn al-Affan.


Premise: When did Armenian pop music become popular?

Hypothesis: Later, stemming from the Middle Eastern Armenian diaspora and influenced by Continental European (especially French) pop music, the Armenian pop music genre grew to fame in the 1960s and 1970s with artists such as Adiss Harmandian and Harout Pamboukjian performing to the Armenian diaspora and Armenia; also with artists such as Sirusho, performing pop music combined with Armenian folk music in today's entertainment industry.


Premise: Three times in 1996, England wore what color socks in their away kits instead of the traditional red socks?

Hypothesis: In 1996, England's away kit was changed to grey shirts, shorts and socks.


Premise: What areas of San Diego typically experienced the greatest rainfall?

Hypothesis: Most of the rainfall occurs during the cooler months.


Premise: In what century were 4k, 5k, and 8k systems introduced?

Hypothesis: The term high definition once described a series of television systems originating from August 1936; however, these systems were only high definition when compared to earlier systems that were based on mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution.


Premise: Bell's living daughters were named Elsie May and what?

Hypothesis: Dr. Alexander Graham Bell was buried atop Beinn Bhreagh mountain, on his estate where he had resided increasingly for the last 35 years of his life, overlooking Bras d'Or Lake.


Premise: Who was the star voice actor of Afro Samurai?

Hypothesis: Starring the voice of well known American actor Samuel L. Jackson, “Afro is the second-strongest fighter in a futuristic, yet, still feudal Japan and seeks revenge upon the gunman who killed his father” (King 2008).


Premise: What was the name of the adult themed comics imprint for Marvel with more explicit content?

Hypothesis: Marvel also created new imprints, such as MAX (an explicit-content line) and Marvel Adventures (developed for child audiences).


Premise: When do birds substantially increase body fats and reduce the size of some of their organs?

Hypothesis: Many bird species migrate to take advantage of global differences of seasonal temperatures, therefore optimising availability of food sources and breeding habitat.


Premise: What was the response to Kerry's accusation of funding traffickers?

Hypothesis: Kerry's findings provoked little reaction in the media and official Washington.


Premise: Where is Moses miraculously transported to?

Hypothesis: Jewish theologians, who choose to emphasize the more evolutionary nature of the Halacha point to a famous story in the Talmud, where Moses is miraculously transported to the House of Study of Rabbi Akiva and is clearly unable to follow the ensuing discussion.


Premise: In what year did the Treaty of Berlin occur?

Hypothesis: When war broke out between Russia and the Ottomans in 1877, Greek popular sentiment rallied to Russia's side, but Greece was too poor, and too concerned of British intervention, to officially enter the war.


Premise: When did the Austronesian people arrive in indonesia?

Hypothesis: Austronesian people, who form the majority of the modern population in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, East Timor, and the Philippines, may have migrated to Southeast Asia from Taiwan.


Premise: Most institutes of technology in Thailand were born out of what other type of institutions?

Hypothesis: Examples are Pathumwan Institute of Technology (developed from Pathumwan Technical School), King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (Nondhaburi Telecommunications Training Centre), and King Mongkut's Institute of Technology North Bangkok (Thai-German Technical School).


Premise: Why does Catalan share many traits with other Romance languages?

Hypothesis: Thus, as it should be expected from closely related languages, Catalan today shares many traits with other Romance languages.


Premise: What was the value of Apple's cash assets at the end of 2007?

Hypothesis: On October 22, 2007, Apple reported quarterly revenue of US$6.22 billion, of which 30.69% came from Apple notebook sales, 19.22% from desktop sales and 26% from iPod sales.


Premise: What is one of the threats that faced them?

Hypothesis: The latter aided in the defence of their respective territories against attacks by other European powers, Aboriginal peoples, and later American forces during the American Revolutionary War and War of 1812, as well as in the Fenian raids, Red River Rebellion, and North-West Rebellion.


Premise: For whom did Umar end the jizya?

Hypothesis: In his efforts to spread Islam he established liberties for the Mawali by abolishing the jizya tax for converts to Islam.


Premise: Who besides African Americans were victims of Tennessee's late-19th century electoral reform?

Hypothesis: Through violence and intimidation against freedmen and their allies, White Democrats regained political power in Tennessee and other states across the South in the late 1870s and 1880s.


Premise: What can scientists deduct from the direction of the striations?

Hypothesis: Similar to striations are chatter marks, lines of crescent-shape depressions in the rock underlying a glacier.


Premise: From what city did Voice of the Arabs broadcast?

Hypothesis: Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs.


Premise: Which towers are located at 1601 and 1619 Third Avenue?

Hypothesis: Asphalt Green, which is located on East 90th Street between York Avenue and East End Avenue.


Premise: What date marked the first law restricting greenhouse gas emissions?

Hypothesis: Schwarzenegger also signed a second global warming bill that prohibits large utilities and corporations in California from making long-term contracts with suppliers who do not meet the state's greenhouse gas emission standards.


Premise: Are these other languages learned in the U.S. as popular as Spanish?

Hypothesis: Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language in American secondary schools and of higher education.


Premise: In the 21st Century what has happen to most of Downtown New Haven in terms of retail?

Hypothesis: In addition, downtown's growing residential population will be served by two new supermarkets, a Stop & Shop just outside downtown and Elm City Market located one block from the Green.


Premise: What position did Conroy try and fail to get Victoria to appoint him to during her illness and later?

Hypothesis: As a teenager, Victoria resisted persistent attempts by her mother and Conroy to appoint him to her staff.


Premise: What organization operates the missile test site?

Hypothesis: The United States Army maintains the Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site on Kwajalein Atoll.


Premise: how long was phuture's "acid tracks"?

Hypothesis: Acid house arose from Chicago artists' experiments with the squelchy Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer, and the style's origins on vinyl is generally cited as Phuture's "Acid Tracks" (1987).


Premise: What event led to the return of Estonians back home?

Hypothesis: Half the deported perished, and the other half were not allowed to return until the early 1960s (years after Stalin's death).[citation needed]


Premise: What is the tower called?

Hypothesis: In Gothic times, it seems to have been dedicated to the Holy Saviour; the Cid dedicated it to the Blessed Virgin; King James I of Aragon did likewise, leaving in the main chapel the image of the Blessed Virgin, which he carried with him and is reputed to be the one now preserved in the sacristy.


Premise: Which book did Victoria publish that did nothing to take away from the rumors about her and John Brown?

Hypothesis: A painting by Sir Edwin Henry Landseer depicting the Queen with Brown was exhibited at the Royal Academy, and Victoria published a book, Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands, which featured Brown prominently and in which the Queen praised him highly.


Premise: Where does the sub-Alpine zone extend from?

Hypothesis: The Alpine zone, extending from tree line to snow line, is followed by the glacial zone, which covers the glaciated areas of the mountain.


Premise: When the iTunes store was launched, what type of file format was used?

Hypothesis: At the time the store was introduced, purchased audio files used the AAC format with added encryption, based on the FairPlay DRM system.


Premise: What have the military and law enforcement been denounced for in the matter of  summer of 2012 ?

Hypothesis: The Burmese army and police have been accused of targeting Rohingya Muslims through mass arrests and arbitrary violence.


Premise: The idea of an ice-age that completely covered a continent was suggested by whom?

Hypothesis: Alfred Wegener's theory of "continental drift" was widely dismissed when he proposed it in the 1910s, but new data gathered in the 1950s and 1960s led to the theory of plate tectonics, which provided a plausible mechanism for it.


Premise: In what month is the Tour de France?

Hypothesis: Every July, the Tour de France of cycling finishes in the city.


Premise: What rank provided its holder territorial rule?

Hypothesis: The highest rank, of full marquess, came with a state pension and a territorial fiefdom.


Premise: When was direct integral introduced by von Neumann?

Hypothesis: Von Neumann introduced the study of rings of operators, through the von Neumann algebras.


Premise: Why is the top of the seamount formed by marine organisms?

Hypothesis: The top of the seamount has gone through periods of complete submergence, during which its limestone cap was formed by marine organisms, and during the Ice Ages the entire caldera was above sea level, forming an island of approximately two hundred square miles.


Premise: In which direction does the groove in a normal disc run?

Hypothesis: The normal commercial disc is engraved with two sound-bearing concentric spiral grooves, one on each side, running from the outside edge towards the center.


Premise: What oath was a requirement of the emperor's decree?

Hypothesis: Roman oaths of loyalty were traditionally collective; the Decian oath has been interpreted as a design to root out individual subversives and suppress their cults, but apostasy was sought, rather than capital punishment.


Premise: When Comcast's customer service rating fell 7%, what happened to its revenues?

Hypothesis: Comcast's Customer Service Rating by the ACSI surveys indicate that the company's customer service has not improved since the surveys began in 2001.


Premise: What was the first year the CIA's budget was disclosed?

Hypothesis: There have been accidental disclosures; for instance, Mary Margaret Graham, a former CIA official and deputy director of national intelligence for collection in 2005, said that the annual intelligence budget was $44 billion, and in 1994 Congress accidentally published a budget of $43.4 billion (in 2012 dollars) in 1994 for the non-military National Intelligence Program, including $4.8 billion for the CIA.


Premise: How many people make up the Guam legislation?

Hypothesis: However, in sending delegates to the Republican and Democratic national conventions, Guam does have influence in the national presidential race.


Premise: What type of extensions do these other character encodings have?

Hypothesis: Other international standards bodies have ratified character encodings such as ISO/IEC 646 that are identical or nearly identical to ASCII, with extensions for characters outside the English alphabet and symbols used outside the United States, such as the symbol for the United Kingdom's pound sterling (£).


Premise: When were the first laws of liability passed?

Hypothesis: As different content was considered in different legal systems, and in the absence of common definitions for "ISPs," "bulletin boards" or "online publishers," early law on online intermediaries' liability varied widely from country to country.


Premise: The area is viewed as what politically

Hypothesis: The area is often seen as a merging point of the conservative northern portion of the state and the liberal southern portion, making it the biggest swing area in the state.


Premise: What happens with inflammatory diarrhea?

Hypothesis: It can be caused by bacterial infections, viral infections, parasitic infections, or autoimmune problems such as inflammatory bowel diseases.


Premise: Which singer did Beyonce honor by entertaining with her song "Deja Vu"?

Hypothesis: The feminism and female empowerment themes on Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day were inspired by her role in Dreamgirls and by singer Josephine Baker.


Premise: For what purpose were Roman camps arranged?

Hypothesis: Roman camps followed a standard pattern for defense and religious ritual; in effect they were Rome in miniature.


Premise: What was the first commercial uses of LEDs?

Hypothesis: These red LEDs were bright enough only for use as indicators, as the light output was not enough to illuminate an area.


Premise: Grey matter of the brain is what color?

Hypothesis: It is also possible to examine the microstructure of brain tissue using a microscope, and to trace the pattern of connections from one brain area to another.


Premise: A compromise law from the state politicans achieved what?

Hypothesis: The state's politicians worked on a compromise law in Washington to gradually reduce the tariffs.


Premise: In what part of the country can most of the Congo's citizens be found?

Hypothesis: Thus, Congo is one of the most urbanized countries in Africa, with 70% of its total population living in a few urban areas, namely in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire or one of the small cities or villages lining the 534-kilometre (332 mi) railway which connects the two cities.


Premise: What percentage of emigrant workers in Thailand that are from Myanmar ?

Hypothesis: There are over 600,000 registered migrant workers from Myanmar in Thailand, and millions more work illegally.


Premise: What year was Guam colonized?

Hypothesis: Guam was colonized in 1668 with settlers, like Diego Luis de San Vitores, a Catholic missionary.


Premise: What American broke the sound barrier in 1947?

Hypothesis: In 1947, Captain Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier in his X-1 rocket-powered aircraft, beginning a new era of aeronautics in America.


Premise: What is the Chax Press?

Hypothesis: Examples are the Chax Press, a publisher of poetry books in trade and book arts editions, and the University of Arizona Poetry Center, which has a sizable poetry library and presents readings, conferences, and workshops.


Premise: What company owns the company that owns the Richmond Times-Dispatch?

Hypothesis: The Richmond Times-Dispatch, the local daily newspaper in Richmond with a Sunday circulation of 120,000, is owned by BH Media, a subsidiary of Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway company.


Premise: Which foreign country offers the BSX Approved Stock Exchange Status?

Hypothesis: There are four hundred securities listed on the stock exchange, of which almost three hundred are offshore funds and alternative investment structures attracted by Bermuda's regulatory environment.


Premise: when was the Federal Aviation Act passed?

Hypothesis: The approaching era of jet travel, and a series of midair collisions (most notable was the 1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision), prompted passage of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958.


Premise: What glass-like material is made with a method related to glazing?

Hypothesis: Naturally occurring glass, especially the volcanic glass obsidian, has been used by many Stone Age societies across the globe for the production of sharp cutting tools and, due to its limited source areas, was extensively traded.


Premise: What Fred Astaire film depicts the reported history of New Haven theaters as "tryouts" for Broadway?

Hypothesis: Scenes in the film All About Eve (1950) are set at the Taft Hotel (now Taft Apartments) on the corner of College and Chapel streets, and the history of New Haven theaters as Broadway "tryouts" is depicted in the Fred Astaire film The Band Wagon (1953).


Premise: What company made The End of History beer in 2010?

Hypothesis: It was preceded by The End of History, a 55% Belgian ale, made by BrewDog in 2010.


Premise: How many people can fit in Dasarath Rangasala Stadium?

Hypothesis: Football and Cricket are the most popular sports among the younger generation in Nepal and there are several stadiums in the city.


Premise: When were South Coast Radio and ERI running their pirate stations out of Cork?

Hypothesis: A number of neighbouring counties radio stations can be heard in parts of Cork City including Radio Kerry at 97.0 and WLR FM on 95.1.


Premise: What did the shramana movements challenge?

Hypothesis: Shramana gave rise to the concept of the cycle of birth and death, the concept of samsara, and the concept of liberation.


Premise: Was Wesley Clark influential in gathering the Democratic backing?

Hypothesis: In September 2003, retired four-star general Wesley Clark announced his intention to run in the presidential primary election for the Democratic Party nomination.


Premise: What were the benefits of the new system of double-entry bookkeeping?

Hypothesis: Among the innovations of the period were new forms of partnership and the issuing of insurance, both of which contributed to reducing the risk of commercial ventures; the bill of exchange and other forms of credit that circumvented the canonical laws for gentiles against usury, and eliminated the dangers of carrying bullion; and new forms of accounting, in particular double-entry bookkeeping, which allowed for better oversight and accuracy.


Premise: What did Europeans refer to the Ottoman empire as in the 19th century?

Hypothesis: A rebellion that originated in Moldavia as a diversion was followed by the main revolution in the Peloponnese, which, along with the northern part of the Gulf of Corinth, became the first parts of the Ottoman Empire to achieve independence (in 1829).


Premise: What group started an armed rebellion in Guinea-Bissau?

Hypothesis: An armed rebellion beginning in 1956 by the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) under the leadership of Amílcar Cabral gradually consolidated its hold on then Portuguese Guinea.


Premise: What is the area inside of South Kensington where Imperial is located known as?

Hypothesis: It is situated in an area of South Kensington, known as Albertopolis, which has a high concentration of cultural and academic institutions, adjacent to the Natural History Museum, the Science Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Royal College of Music, the Royal College of Art, the Royal Geographical Society and the Royal Albert Hall.


Premise: What list by PC World ranked PlayStation eighth, in a bad way?

Hypothesis: PS3 was given the number-eight spot on PC World magazine's list of "The Top 21 Tech Screwups of 2006", where it was criticized for being "Late, Expensive and Incompatible".


Premise: The Air Ministry was critical of Dowding after which battle?

Hypothesis: Dowding's opponents in the Air Ministry, already critical of his handling of the day battle (see Battle of Britain Day and the Big Wing controversy), were ready to use these failings as a cudgel with which to attack him and his abilities.


Premise: How many Japanese prisoners were taken on Iwo Jima?

Hypothesis: On 23 February, the 28th Marine Regiment reached the summit of Suribachi, prompting the now famous Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima picture.


Premise: What films did Spielberg produce for Don Bluth?

Hypothesis: Due to his work on these series, in the official titles, most of them say, "Steven Spielberg presents" as well as making numerous cameos on the shows.


Premise: What is an aspect of a visit to the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom?

Hypothesis: For over 30 years the National Archives have forbidden flash photography but the advent of cameras with automatic flashes have made the rules increasingly difficult to enforce.


Premise: What did Gorbachev hope to create?

Hypothesis: On July 1, 1988, the fourth and last day of a bruising 19th Party Conference, Gorbachev won the backing of the tired delegates for his last-minute proposal to create a new supreme legislative body called the Congress of People's Deputies.


Premise: What was the purpose of the palace educational system?

Hypothesis: The palace schools, which would also educate the future administrators of the state, were not a single track.


Premise: Does Macrobius believe Virgil's father came from a distinguished or humble background?

Hypothesis: Macrobius says that Virgil's father was of a humble background; however, scholars generally believe that Virgil was from an equestrian landowning family which could afford to give him an education.


Premise: When was Christianity introduced to Rudok, Ladakh, and Tsang?

Hypothesis: Later on, Christianity was introduced to Rudok, Ladakh and Tsang and was welcomed by the ruler of the Tsang kingdom, where Andrade and his fellows established a Jesuit outpost at Shigatse in 1626.


Premise: What was Von Neumann's child's name?

Hypothesis: On New Year's Day in 1930, von Neumann married Mariette Kövesi, who had studied economics at the Budapest University.


Premise: What did the Endangered Species Conservation Act add to the wildlife definition of the Lacey Act?

Hypothesis: It expanded the Lacey Act's ban on interstate commerce to include mammals, reptiles, amphibians, mollusks and crustaceans.


Premise: How many torchbearers carried the torch in Macao?

Hypothesis: A total of 120 torchbearers participated in this event including casino tycoon Stanley Ho.


Premise: How did Waitz define anthropology?

Hypothesis: Waitz defined anthropology as "the science of the nature of man".


Premise: What cathedral first made use of pointed arches in high vaults?

Hypothesis: The ribbed vault over the north transept at Durham Cathedral in England, built from 1128 to 1133, is probably earlier still and was the first time pointed arches were used in a high vault.


Premise: What game consoles does Spielberg own?

Hypothesis: He owns a Wii, a PlayStation 3, a PSP, and Xbox 360, and enjoys playing first-person shooters such as the Medal of Honor series and Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare.


Premise: What are the constituents of the Pēdálion?

Hypothesis: The Greek-speaking Orthodox have collected canons and commentaries upon them in a work known as the Pēdálion (Greek: Πηδάλιον, "Rudder"), so named because it is meant to "steer" the Church.


Premise: Beginning in July 2004, what did the Fed do to make ARM rates more expensive for homeowners?

Hypothesis: This may have also contributed to the deflating of the housing bubble, as asset prices generally move inversely to interest rates, and it became riskier to speculate in housing.


Premise: Who wrote Hayy ibn Yaqdha?

Hypothesis: His philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdha, translated into Latin as Philosophus Autodidactus in 1671, developed the themes of empiricism, tabula rasa, nature versus nurture, condition of possibility, materialism, and Molyneux's problem.


Premise: What Italian Prime Minister attended Yale?

Hypothesis: Yale has produced alumni distinguished in their respective fields.


Premise: How many are estimated people live in Burma officially?

Hypothesis: There are over 600,000 registered migrant workers from Myanmar in Thailand, and millions more work illegally.


Premise: What do environmentalists want enacted?

Hypothesis: Some environmentalists and scientists have made a call for stricter regulations for ships and a tourism quota.


Premise: Chopin was active during what era?

Hypothesis: Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the solo piano.


Premise: Who conquered Kangara?

Hypothesis: During the Vedic period, several small republics known as "Janapada" existed which were later conquered by the Gupta Empire.


Premise: Where does the Italian influences on Eritrean cuisine come from?

Hypothesis: Additionally, owing to its colonial history, cuisine in Eritrea features more Italian influences than are present in Ethiopian cooking, including more pasta and greater use of curry powders and cumin.


Premise: Who recorded "Rumble"?

Hypothesis: Electric blues guitarists began experimenting with hard rock elements such as driving rhythms, distorted guitar solos and power chords in the 1950s, evident in the work of Memphis blues guitarists such as Joe Hill Louis, Willie Johnson, and particularly Pat Hare, who captured a "grittier, nastier, more ferocious electric guitar sound" on records such as James Cotton's "Cotton Crop Blues" (1954).


Premise: What event is considered to be the start of political modernity?

Hypothesis: The early modern period is seen as a flowering of the European Renaissance, in what is often known as the Scientific Revolution, viewed as a foundation of modern science.


Premise: What did previous religious orders do for a living?

Hypothesis: Rather than earning their living on vast farms as the monasteries had done, the new friars would survive by begging, "selling" themselves through persuasive preaching.


Premise: What name was Palermo originally founded as?

Hypothesis: The Arabs shifted the Greek name into Balarm, the root for Palermo's present-day name.


Premise: What is royal assent called in Belgium?

Hypothesis: In Belgium, the sanction royale has the same legal effect as royal assent; the Belgian constitution requires a theoretically possible refusal of royal sanction to be countersigned—as any other act of the monarch—by a minister responsible before the House of Representatives.


Premise: What is another region with which the Gothic style is distinctly connected with?

Hypothesis: These range from tiny chapels to large cathedrals, and although many have been extended and altered in different styles, a large number remain either substantially intact or sympathetically restored, demonstrating the form, character and decoration of Gothic architecture.


Premise: What is this cultural movement called that involves a shift in gender relations mainly involving women?

Hypothesis: For example, the U.S. feminist movement involved new practices that produced a shift in gender relations, altering both gender and economic structures.


Premise: How many servants did William Adams have?

Hypothesis: He was granted a fief in Hemi (逸見) within the boundaries of present-day Yokosuka City, "with eighty or ninety husbandmen, that be my slaves or servants" (Letters).


Premise: What was the area in the Eritrean highlands named under Emperor Zaro Yaqob?

Hypothesis: After the decline of Aksum, the Eritrean highlands were under the domain of Bahr Negash ruled by the Bahr Negus.


Premise: What type of song is frequently seen in the adult contemporary genre?

Hypothesis: However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).


Premise: How many councilors sit on the City Council?

Hypothesis: The Mayor and council members are elected to four-year terms.


Premise: What is required for a modern DBMS to function?

Hypothesis: DBMSs may be built around a custom multitasking kernel with built-in networking support, but modern DBMSs typically rely on a standard operating system to provide these functions.


Hypothesis: The Fed then raised the Fed funds rate significantly between July 2004 and July 2006.


Premise: What plagues the Guam dry season?

Hypothesis: During the rainy season sediment is carried by the heavy rains into the Fena Lake Reservoir and Ugum River, leading to water quality problems for southern Guam.


Premise: How high has the principal of the Permanent Fund grown?

Hypothesis: From its initial principal of $734,000, the fund has grown to $50 billion as a result of oil royalties and capital investment programs.


Premise: Which historic great players have played at Yankee Stadium?

Hypothesis: With the famous facade, the short right field porch and Monument Park, Yankee Stadium has been home to many of baseball's greatest players including Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Joe DiMaggio, Whitey Ford, Yogi Berra, Mickey Mantle, Reggie Jackson, Derek Jeter and Mariano Rivera.


Premise: What is the most common surname in Melbourne's phone book?

Hypothesis: Melbourne has the largest Greek-speaking population outside of Europe, a population comparable to some larger Greek cities like Larissa and Volos.


Premise: What type of thinking provides the ability to plan ahead and makes adolescents more skilled debaters?

Hypothesis: This provides the ability to plan ahead, see the future consequences of an action and to provide alternative explanations of events.


Premise: Who attended the Avery Normal Institute?

Hypothesis: In 1865, the Avery Normal Institute was established by the American Missionary Association as the first free secondary school for Charleston's African American population.


Premise: When did the Alpine countries see an influx of poets, artists, and musicians?

Hypothesis: After the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the Alpine countries began to see an influx of poets, artists, and musicians, as visitors came to experience the sublime effects of monumental nature.


Premise: where was a new type of club called Cream located?

Hypothesis: Similar to gabber or hardcore techno from the Netherlands, this sound was often associated with the "rebel" culture of the time.


Premise: In what book did Jack Kerouac write about visiting Tucson?

Hypothesis: The sanitarium was then sold to Harvey Adkins in 1928.


Premise: Who won this season of Idol?

Hypothesis: The two finalists in 2011 were Lauren Alaina and Scotty McCreery, both teenage country singers.


Premise: What day did German invade Poland?

Hypothesis: On 1 September, Germany invaded Poland from the west.


Premise: How much water is there, approximately, in the lake Mexico City is on?

Hypothesis: Although none of the lake waters remain, the city rests on the lake bed's heavily saturated clay.


Premise: Which organization sharply rebuked Hopkins' comments?

Hypothesis: Her remarks were condemned by the United Nations High Commission for Human Rights.


Premise: What was the code name for the mid-1944 offensive across China?

Hypothesis: In mid-1944 Japan mobilized over 500,000 men  and launched a massive operation across China under the code name Operation Ichi-Go, their largest offensive of World War II, with the goal of connecting Japanese-controlled territory in China and French Indochina and capturing airbases in southeastern China where American bombers were based.


Premise: What was another name used for the corrupted high culture of the indigenous people?

Hypothesis: Equally, this view often portrayed indigenous peoples as "noble savages" living authentic and unblemished lives, uncomplicated and uncorrupted by the highly stratified capitalist systems of the West.


Premise: What does the first stage of puberty involve for males?

Hypothesis: In males, the first stages of puberty involve growth of the testes and scrotum, followed by growth of the penis.


Premise: What percentage of children ages 8-14 could read and write Spanish?

Hypothesis: According to the Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI), 95.6% of the population over the age of 15 could read and write Spanish, and 97.3% of children of ages 8–14 could read and write Spanish.


Premise: What Supreme Court case resulted in capital punishment being suspended?

Hypothesis: Capital punishment was suspended in the United States from 1972 through 1976 primarily as a result of the Supreme Court's decision in Furman v. Georgia.


Premise: Due to the cause of the specificity of base pairing, what must be true of the two strands in a double helix?

Hypothesis: Two chains of DNA twist around each other to form a DNA double helix with the phosphate-sugar backbone spiralling around the outside, and the bases pointing inwards with adenine base pairing to thymine and guanine to cytosine.


Premise: How do scientiest measure brain activity?

Hypothesis: More recently, scientists have started to focus on measuring changes in brain activity related to sexual arousal, by using brain-scanning techniques.


Premise: How many passengers does the most dense rail network in Europe carry annualy?

Hypothesis: The most dense rail network in Europe of 5,063 km (3,146 mi) carries over 350 million passengers annually.


Premise: When was the abacus first seen between?

Hypothesis: The period c. 2700 – 2300 BC saw the first appearance of the abacus, and a table of successive columns which delimited the successive orders of magnitude of their sexagesimal number system.


Premise: What did Lamb and Murdoch believe to be the best indicator of newspaper quality?

Hypothesis: He was scathing in his opinion of the Mirror, where he had recently been employed as a senior sub-editor, and shared Murdoch's view that a paper's quality was best measured by its sales, and he regarded the Mirror as overstaffed, and primarily aimed at an ageing readership.


Premise: What company ran the Marshall Islands in the late 19th century?

Hypothesis: A German trading company, the Jaluit Gesellschaft, administered the islands from 1887 until 1905.


Premise: what does the author of the mortal female focused early example hexameter poetry say of the Hellenic protector ?

Hypothesis: However, according to the Greek tradition it is more possible that the homeland of the Greeks was originally in central Greece.


Premise: Who held parliamentary elections on August 25, 1948?

Hypothesis: North Korea held parliamentary elections three months later on 25 August.


Premise: At what percentage moisture content is the papermaking process trying to achieve in the end?

Hypothesis: Drying involves using air and/or heat to remove water from the paper sheets; in the earliest days of paper making this was done by hanging the sheets like laundry; in more modern times various forms of heated drying mechanisms are used.


Premise: In what year did the American Medical Association approve amphetamine for medical use?

Hypothesis: A structurally similar compound, ephedrine, was identified by Japanese chemists in the Ma Huang plant and marketed by Eli Lilly as an oral treatment for asthma.


Premise: What a few exceptions where is the primary word stress in Czech?

Hypothesis: Each word usually has primary stress on its first syllable, except for enclitics (minor, monosyllabic, unstressed syllables).


Premise: Which major U.S store does Guam currently have that happens to be the largest in the world?

Hypothesis: Significant sources of revenue include duty-free designer shopping outlets, and the American-style malls: Micronesia Mall, Guam Premier Outlets, the Agana Shopping Center, and the world's largest Kmart.[citation needed]


Premise: When was the Second Punic war?

Hypothesis: During the Second Punic War in 212 BCE, the Ludi Apollinares ("Apollonian Games") were instituted in his honor, on the instructions of a prophecy attributed to one Marcius.


Premise: What type of bacteria is surrounded by a capsule?

Hypothesis: Filamentous bacteria are often surrounded by a sheath that contains many individual cells.


Premise: To which century do some researchers attribute the Bergakker inscription?

Hypothesis: A notable exception is the Bergakker inscription, found near the Dutch city of Tiel, which may represent a primary record of 5th-century Frankish.


Premise: What event is more relevant to Espanyol supporters than to Barcelona fans?

Hypothesis: Despite these differences in ideology, the derbi has always been more relevant to Espanyol supporters than Barcelona ones due to the difference in objectives.


Premise: How many Cherokee-owned black slaves were also relocated between 1838 and 1839?

Hypothesis: —were uprooted from their homes between 1838 and 1839 and were forced by the U.S. military to march from "emigration depots" in Eastern Tennessee (such as Fort Cass) toward the more distant Indian Territory west of Arkansas.


Premise: Who uses swinging sticks or flags to drive game out?

Hypothesis: Shooting as practised in Britain, as opposed to traditional hunting, requires little questing for game—around thirty-five million birds are released onto shooting estates every year, some having been factory farmed.


Premise: How much of the Bronx speaks Spanish at home?

Hypothesis: A Garifuna-speaking community from Honduras and Guatemala also makes the Bronx its home.


Premise: What 007 movie did Sam Mendes previously direct?

Hypothesis: It was directed by Sam Mendes as his second James Bond film following Skyfall, and was written by John Logan, Neal Purvis, Robert Wade and Jez Butterworth.


Premise: When did Shen Kua live?

Hypothesis: Chinese polymath Shen Kua (1031–1095) first formulated hypotheses for the process of land formation.


Premise: Where did the Metro Department store originally begin?

Hypothesis: The middle up segment is mainly occupied by Metro Department Store originated from Singapore and Sogo from Japan.


Premise: What was the code name of the overthrow of the Iranian government?

Hypothesis: The Eisenhower administration also planned the Bay of Pigs Invasion to overthrow Fidel Castro in Cuba, which John F. Kennedy was left to carry out."


Premise: What Eastern Roman Emperor reconquered Italy?

Hypothesis: The Byzantine emperors maintained a claim over the territory, but none of the new kings in the west dared to elevate himself to the position of emperor of the west, Byzantine control of most of the Western Empire could not be sustained; the reconquest of the Italian peninsula and Mediterranean periphery by Justinian (r. 527–565) was the sole, and temporary, exception.


Premise: When was the George Warren Brown School of Social Work founded?

Hypothesis: With roots dating back to 1909 in the university's School of Social Economy, the George Warren Brown School of Social Work (commonly called the Brown School or Brown) was founded in 1925.


Premise: What did Johannes Kepler's model suggest about the planets?

Hypothesis: Galileo ("Father of Modern Physics") also made use of experiments to validate physical theories, a key element of the scientific method.


Premise: What is the average snowfall per year in Charlotte?

Hypothesis: The region averages around 3–5 in (8–13 cm) of snowfall annually in the Charlotte area, and slightly more north toward the Virginia border.


Premise: What did the Frankish expansion and the Bavarian expansion introduce?

Hypothesis: The Frankish expansion of the Carolingian Empire and the Bavarian expansion in the eastern Alps introduced feudalism and the building of castles to support the growing number of dukedoms and kingdoms.


Premise: What types of periods did the cold war see?

Hypothesis: The Cold War saw periods of both heightened tension and relative calm.


Premise: The breed standard only is about what?

Hypothesis: In conformation shows, also referred to as breed shows, a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type as described in the breed standard.


Premise: Which philosopher from the Muslim world influenced modern philosophy?

Hypothesis: His philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdha, translated into Latin as Philosophus Autodidactus in 1671, developed the themes of empiricism, tabula rasa, nature versus nurture, condition of possibility, materialism, and Molyneux's problem.


Premise: What is 'gorg'?

Hypothesis: Prominent Karabakh carpet weavers there were men too.


Premise: What has been falsely credited to Chopin?

Hypothesis: Berlioz wrote in 1853 that Chopin "has created a kind of chromatic embroidery ... whose effect is so strange and piquant as to be impossible to describe ...


Premise: What is expected of newcomers?

Hypothesis: For many decades (and still to a lesser extent today), performers were expected to keep the illusions of wrestling's legitimacy alive even while not performing, essentially acting in character any time they were in public.


Premise: When were women first admitted to Northwestern?

Hypothesis: Instruction began in 1855; women were admitted in 1869.


Premise: What did CCTV-1 host on the evening of May 18th?

Hypothesis: On the evening of May 18, CCTV-1 hosted a special four-hour program called The Giving of Love (simplified Chinese: 爱的奉献; traditional Chinese: 愛的奉獻), hosted by regulars from the CCTV New Year's Gala and round-the-clock coverage anchor Bai Yansong.