Premise: What did a dog's good hearing help humans with?

Hypothesis: Humans would also have derived enormous benefit from the dogs associated with their camps.


Premise: Popper believed he had already discussed similar ideas to Kuhn's about scientific communities in what work?

Hypothesis: Popper claimed to have recognised already in the 1934 version of his Logic of Discovery a fact later stressed by Kuhn, "that scientists necessarily develop their ideas within a definite theoretical framework", and to that extent to have anticipated Kuhn's central point about "normal science".


Premise: What organization made their own estimation in 1995 of a drop in traffic deaths by 1.2%?

Hypothesis: In 1995 the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety estimated a reduction of 1.2%, including a 5% reduction in crashes fatal to pedestrians.


Premise: What do neurotransmitters attach to?

Hypothesis: Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are released at synapses when an action potential activates them—neurotransmitters attach themselves to receptor molecules on the membrane of the synapse's target cell, and thereby alter the electrical or chemical properties of the receptor molecules.


Premise: What liquid would you need from a patient to perform IGRAs?

Hypothesis: IGRAs may increase sensitivity when used in addition to the skin test, but may be less sensitive than the skin test when used alone.


Premise: Who is the current head of Comcast?

Hypothesis: Brian L. Roberts, Chairman, President, and CEO of Comcast, is son of co-founder Ralph Roberts.


Premise: How many government operated radio stations exist in the Somaliland region?

Hypothesis: Radio Gaalkacyo, formerly known as Radio Free Somalia, operates from Galkayo in the north-central Mudug province.


Premise: When did Windows 8 surpass Windows Vistas market share?

Hypothesis: Windows 8 surpassed Windows Vista in market share with a 5.1% usage rate according to numbers posted in July 2013 by Net Applications, with usage on a steady upward trajectory.


Premise: What is the name of the City of London's police force?

Hypothesis: Policing in Greater London, with the exception of the City of London, is provided by the Metropolitan Police Service, overseen by the Mayor through the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime (MOPAC).


Premise: Who founded Electro-Dynamic Light Company?

Hypothesis: Weeks later the United States Electric Lighting Company was organized.


Premise: The annexation of what two regions resulted in large groups of Muslim refugees coming into the empire?

Hypothesis: By the time the Ottoman Empire came to an end in 1922, half of the urban population of Turkey was descended from Muslim refugees from Russia.


Premise: Beyonce's first world tour was when?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé conducted pre-concert food donation drives during six major stops in conjunction with her pastor at St. John's and America's Second Harvest.


Premise: Which pope that preceded Paul VI was noted for his warmth and humor?

Hypothesis: Pope Paul VI was less outstanding than his predecessors: he was not credited with an encyclopedic memory, nor a gift for languages, nor the brilliant writing style of Pius XII, nor did he have the charisma and outpouring love, sense of humor and human warmth of John XXIII.


Premise: When was American Life released?

Hypothesis: The same year, Madonna released her ninth studio album, American Life, which was based on her observations of American society; it received mixed reviews.


Premise: What does a language need to share with the group in order to be classified as Germanic?

Hypothesis: All Germanic languages are united by subjection to the sound shifts of Grimm's law and Verner's law which originated in the Proto-Germanic language and define the basic differentiating features from other Indo-European languages.


Premise: What date was the first official use of the term United Nations?

Hypothesis: Following the Declaration by United Nations (the first official use of the term United Nations) on 1 January 1942, the Allied governments appointed the British General Sir Archibald Wavell to the American-British-Dutch-Australian Command (ABDACOM), a supreme command for Allied forces in Southeast Asia.


Premise: What year was Raskin hired by Apple?

Hypothesis: His initial team would eventually consist of himself, Howard, Joanna Hoffman, Burrell Smith, and Bud Tribble.


Premise: Who won the season?

Hypothesis: The two finalists were Kris Allen and Adam Lambert, both of whom had previously landed in the bottom three at the top five.


Premise: Along with Southwark and The Tabard, what is a notable London inn?

Hypothesis: Famous London inns include The George, Southwark and The Tabard.


Premise: When was the spring training home of the Oakland Athletics built?

Hypothesis: The former location in Mesa is actually the second HoHoKam Park; the first was built in 1976 as the spring-training home of the Oakland Athletics who left the park in 1979.


Premise: How many beer houses existed throughout Britain eight years after the passage of the Beer Act?

Hypothesis: In the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels.


Premise: At the end of what century was Europe separated into several city states and kingdoms?

Hypothesis: Norway came under the influence of England, while the other Scandinavian countries and Poland were influenced by trading contacts with the Hanseatic League.


Premise: What did the club membership grow to by 2009?

Hypothesis: The club's membership figures have seen a significant increase from 100,000 in the 2003–04 season to 170,000 in September 2009, the sharp rise being attributed to the influence of Ronaldinho and then-president Joan Laporta's media strategy that focused on Spanish and English online media.


Premise: What is the issue with underdots and their placement?

Hypothesis: Similarly, underdots, as needed in the romanization of Indic, will often be placed incorrectly[citation needed].


Premise: From 1977 to 2011, what was Gaddafi's title?

Hypothesis: He governed Libya as Revolutionary Chairman of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then as the "Brotherly Leader" of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011.


Premise: What type of countries did Tito develop relations with?

Hypothesis: Tito was notable for pursuing a foreign policy of neutrality during the Cold War and for establishing close ties with developing countries.


Premise: Who was elected in 1946 as the first representative?

Hypothesis: In 1946 Barthélémy Boganda was elected with 9,000 votes to the French National Assembly, becoming the first representative for CAR in the French government.


Premise: What is the SACU?

Hypothesis: As a member of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) and Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), its main local trading partner is South Africa.


Premise: Players who are sent off in a game are often faced with what?

Hypothesis: Some on-field incidents, if considered very serious (such as allegations of racial abuse), may result in competitions deciding to impose heavier sanctions than those normally associated with a red card.


Premise: Who signed NAFTA for Mexico?

Hypothesis: He also signed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).


Premise: What descent of Muslims does "Moors" refer to?

Hypothesis: The term "Moors" has been used in Europe in a broader, somewhat derogatory sense to refer to Muslims, especially those of Arab or Berber descent, whether living in North Africa or Iberia.


Premise: Which branch of government promulgates state regulations?

Hypothesis: All states have a legislative branch which enacts state statutes, an executive branch that promulgates state regulations pursuant to statutory authorization, and a judicial branch that applies, interprets, and occasionally overturns both state statutes and regulations, as well as local ordinances.


Premise: What was the answer given when the Buddha was asked if the body is the same as the self?

Hypothesis: When asked if the self was identical with the body, the Buddha refused to answer.


Premise: The BeiDou-1 is made up of how may satellites?

Hypothesis: BeiDou-1 is an experimental regional navigation system, which consists of four satellites (three working satellites and one backup satellite).


Premise: In what year was Studio Misr founded?

Hypothesis: In 1936, Studio Misr, financed by industrialist Talaat Harb, emerged as the leading Egyptian studio, a role the company retained for three decades.


Premise: What do researchers use back-translation to try to reconstruct when a document survives only in translation?

Hypothesis: When a historic document survives only in translation, the original having been lost, researchers sometimes undertake back-translation in an effort to reconstruct the original text.


Premise: Most CIA stations had how many chiefs?

Hypothesis: Most CIA stations had two station chiefs, one working for the OSO, and one working for the OPC.


Premise: what is a key aspect of the gates foundation in the US

Hypothesis: A key aspect of the Gates Foundation's U.S. efforts involves an overhaul of the country's education policies at both the K-12 and college levels, including support for teacher evaluations and charter schools and opposition to seniority-based layoffs and other aspects of the education system that are typically backed by teachers' unions.


Premise: What was the last day the Julian calendar was used?

Hypothesis: Philip II of Spain decreed the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, which affected much of Roman Catholic Europe, as Philip was at the time ruler over Spain and Portugal as well as much of Italy.


Premise: Who founded Factory?

Hypothesis: These DIY imperatives would help form the production and distribution infrastructure of post-punk and the indie music scene that later blossomed in the mid-1980s.


Premise: What is shared by most treaties since the late 19th century?

Hypothesis: A treaty typically begins with a preamble describing the contracting parties and their joint objectives in executing the treaty, as well as summarizing any underlying events (such as a war).


Premise: What factors make Melbourne more attractie than Sydney for overseas immigrants?

Hypothesis: Melbourne has now attracted the largest proportion of international overseas immigrants (48,000) finding it outpacing Sydney's international migrant intake on percentage, along with having strong interstate migration from Sydney and other capitals due to more affordable housing and cost of living.


Premise: How did the Prussian army perform in 1759/

Hypothesis: The year 1759 saw several Prussian defeats.


Premise: What reacts with finely divided uranium?

Hypothesis: When finely divided, it can react with cold water; in air, uranium metal becomes coated with a dark layer of uranium oxide.


Premise: Which years did Nigeria win the African Cup of Nations?

Hypothesis: They won the gold medal for football in the 1996 Summer Olympics (in which they beat Argentina) becoming the first African football team to win gold in Olympic Football.


Premise: Along with the British Isles, with what land did the Carolingians trade?

Hypothesis: Little trade existed and much of that was with the British Isles and Scandinavia, in contrast to the older Roman Empire with its trading networks centred on the Mediterranean.


Premise: FireWire 400 is faster than what?

Hypothesis: The newer FireWire 800 standard is twice as fast as FireWire 400 and faster than USB 2.0 Hi-Bandwidth both theoretically and practically.


Premise: Are the cocoa beans grown in Samoa high or low quality?

Hypothesis: Rubber has been produced in Samoa for many years, but its export value has little impact on the economy.[citation needed]


Premise: When did the co-operation between Chinese nationalist forces and communists end?

Hypothesis: Conflicts between Chinese communist and nationalist forces vying for territory control behind enemy lines culminated in a major armed clash in January 1941, effectively ending their co-operation.


Premise: What is the name of the episode where the newspaper, The Times, is featured and plays a central role in an episode of The Wombles?

Hypothesis: In The Wombles, Uncle Bulgaria read The Times and asked for the other Wombles to bring him any copies that they found amongst the litter.


Premise: In terms of infrastructure, what is being develop in the downtown area?

Hypothesis: A new boathouse and dock is planned for New Haven Harbor, and the linear park Farmington Canal Trail is set to extend into downtown New Haven within the coming year.


Premise: Who forced peasant farmers to move to new settlements?

Hypothesis: The court also encouraged commoners, such as farmers, merchants, landowners, and hired laborers, to voluntarily migrate to the frontier.


Premise: In what year did the study in Cryptologic Spectrum come out?

Hypothesis: The hypothesis that "a non-Yugoslav, perhaps a Russian or a Pole" assumed Tito's identity was included.


Premise: Which Latin father described the belief that Jesus' siblings were his cousins?

Hypothesis: While the Orthodox Churches hold the position articulated in the Protoevangelium of James that Jesus' brothers and sisters are older children of Joseph the Betrothed, step-siblings from an earlier marriage that left him widowed, Roman Catholic teaching follows the Latin father Jerome in considering them Jesus' cousins.


Premise: What latitudes does Iran lie between?

Hypothesis: Iran has an area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi).


Premise: What percentage of teens say they text every day?

Hypothesis: One in four (23%) teens are "heavy" social media users, meaning they use at least two different types of social media each and every day.


Premise: What style of logo did Chapman introduce in the 1930s?

Hypothesis: This early example of a corporate logo, introduced as part of Herbert Chapman's rebranding of the club in the 1930s, was used not only on Cup Final shirts but as a design feature throughout Highbury Stadium, including above the main entrance and inlaid in the floors.


Premise: What chemical weapon did Libya start making in 1987?

Hypothesis: In October 1993, elements of the increasingly marginalised army initiated a failed coup in Misrata, while in September 1995, Islamists launched an insurgency in Benghazi, and in July 1996 an anti-Gaddafist football riot broke out in Tripoli.


Premise: What was the name of Napoleon's valet?

Hypothesis: In 1955, the diaries of Napoleon's valet, Louis Marchand, were published.


Premise: What is one preventive effort in circumventing conditions that lead to genocide?

Hypothesis: Other authors have focused on the structural conditions leading up to genocide and the psychological and social processes that create an evolution toward genocide.


Premise: When did Wu destroy the Qing armies?

Hypothesis: The Qing forces were crushed by Wu from 1673-1674.


Premise: Who wrote that some controversies reach a crisis level may actually be "positive and highly productive?"

Hypothesis: Shurden writes that contrary to the presumed negative view of crises, some controversies that reach a crisis level may actually be "positive and highly productive."


Premise: Which airport is the second busiest in Australia?

Hypothesis: The main passenger airport serving the metropolis and the state is Melbourne Airport (also called Tullamarine Airport), which is the second busiest in Australia, and


Premise: What does ASIS stand for?

Hypothesis: The role and functions of the CIA are roughly equivalent to those of the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (the SIS or MI6), the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS), the Egyptian General Intelligence Service, the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (Sluzhba Vneshney Razvedki) (SVR), the Indian Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), the French foreign intelligence service Direction Générale de la Sécurité Extérieure (DGSE) and Israel's Mossad.


Premise: How many hospitals belong to the Medical Center group of organizations?

Hypothesis: All 49 member institutions of the Texas Medical Center are non-profit organizations.


Premise: Who argued that the influence of Old Norse caused English to become a clearer, stronger and more direct language?

Hypothesis: Simeon Potter notes: “


Premise: What cannot see God itself?

Hypothesis: The soul is exalted beyond the rest of God's creation but it cannot see God Himself.


Premise: What is the biggest public park in the city?

Hypothesis: The largest municipal park in the city is Pelham Bay Park with 2,700 acres (1,093 ha).


Premise: How was Erichtho portrayed?

Hypothesis: Lucan depicts Sextus Pompeius, the doomed son of Pompey the Great, as convinced "the gods of heaven knew too little" and awaiting the Battle of Pharsalus by consulting with the Thessalian witch Erichtho, who practices necromancy and inhabits deserted graves, feeding on rotting corpses.


Premise: Tribes hold land in Oklahoma, but what isn't it called?

Hypothesis: While Indian reservations typical in most of the United States are not present in Oklahoma, tribal governments hold land granted during the Indian Territory era, but with limited jurisdiction and no control over state governing bodies such as municipalities and counties.


Premise: What was Jama Korshel's title?

Hypothesis: The SRC subsequently renamed the country the Somali Democratic Republic, dissolved the parliament and the Supreme Court, and suspended the constitution.


Premise: Who theorized that the types of media people use to communicate will offer different possibilities for the shape of society?

Hypothesis: The other is stone and 'Time Binding', through the construction of temples and the pyramids can sustain their authority generation to generation, through this media they can change and shape communication in their society (Wark, McKenzie 1997).


Premise: What are shooters responsible for?

Hypothesis: Key personnel involved in the flight deck include the shooters, the handler, and the air boss.


Premise: Who owns The Daily Northwestern?

Hypothesis: It is owned by the Students Publishing Company.


Premise: What is Zhejiang's location vulnerable to from the sea?

Hypothesis: Zhejiang, however, has been an epicenter of capitalist development in China, and has led the nation in the development of a market economy and private enterprises.


Premise: Where did most settlement occur after the Louisiana Purchase?

Hypothesis: Also referred to as the Panhandle or Inside Passage, this is the region of Alaska closest to the rest of the United States.


Premise: Stain-resistant fabrics are coated with chemicals to reduce what?

Hypothesis: Some practical advances already available to consumers are bullet-resistant garments made with kevlar and stain-resistant fabrics that are coated with chemical mixtures that reduce the absorption of liquids.


Premise: So to speak, what did William Miller do?

Hypothesis: In essence, he signed the death warrant, so to speak, of the Age of Empires.


Premise: How did Gaddafi characterize the monarchy in his radio address?

Hypothesis: Addressing the populace by radio, he proclaimed an end to the "reactionary and corrupt" regime, "the stench of which has sickened and horrified us all."


Premise: What market did Dell begin to compete in in 2009?

Hypothesis: The company is well known for its innovations in supply chain management and electronic commerce, particularly its direct-sales model and its "build-to-order" or "configure to order" approach to manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications.


Premise: What remained popular in diplomatic, trade and journalistic circles?

Hypothesis: The scholars in the field of studies that eventually became Biblical archaeology attempted to define it on the basis of archaeology.


Premise: Why was the reversing loop created?

Hypothesis: Today, the driver does not have to change ends at termini provided with such a loop, but the time saving is not so significant as it takes almost as long to drive round the loop as it does to change ends.


Premise: Who has compulsory military service in Switzerland?

Hypothesis: Compulsory military service concerns all male Swiss citizens; women can serve voluntarily.


Premise: What is the minimum amount of time that elapses before most snapshots are released for viewing?

Hypothesis: The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked web site updates are recorded.


Premise: How many miles was the relay in England?

Hypothesis: The torch relay leg held in London, the host city of the 2012 Summer Olympics, on April 6 began at Wembley Stadium, passed through the City of London, and eventually ended at O2 Arena in the eastern part of the city.


Premise: Who gave Frédéric his first significant public approval in regards to his compositions?

Hypothesis: He no longer depended financially upon his father, and in the winter of 1832 he began earning a handsome income from publishing his works and teaching piano to affluent students from all over Europe.


Premise: How many temples are present in Kathmandu's Durbar Square?

Hypothesis: There are three preserved Durbar Squares in Kathmandu valley and one unpreserved in Kirtipur.


Premise: What percentage of electricity was produced from renewable energy in 2009?

Hypothesis: Alternative energy sources such as wood, peat, and biomass make up approximately 9% of primary energy production.


Premise: Which national park in Tennessee sees more visitors that any other in the United States?

Hypothesis: The Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the nation's most visited national park, is headquartered in the eastern part of the state, and a section of the Appalachian Trail roughly follows the Tennessee-North Carolina border.


Premise: What type of synthesis occurs in the 5'→3' direction?

Hypothesis: The other end contains an exposed phosphate group; this is the 5' end.


Premise: Who is the current non-voting delegate for Guam?

Hypothesis: U.S. citizens in Guam vote in a straw poll for their choice in the U.S. Presidential general election, but since Guam has no votes in the Electoral College, the poll has no real effect.


Premise: What religious affiliation did the Cossacks have?

Hypothesis: Cossacks, although Slavic-speaking and Orthodox Christians, came from a mix of ethnic backgrounds, including Tatars and other Turks.


Premise: How many All-Ireland Senior Football Championship titles have been won by Cork?

Hypothesis: Gaelic football is also popular, and Cork has won 7 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship titles.


Premise: How many possible codons are there?

Hypothesis: The correspondence between codons and amino acids is nearly universal among all known living organisms.


Premise: The University of Kansas had the highest rated law school in which state?

Hypothesis: Classes are held in Green Hall at W 15th St and Burdick Dr, which is named after former dean James Green.


Premise: When did the Tibetan empire emerge?

Hypothesis: The eastern regions of Kham and Amdo often maintained a more decentralized indigenous political structure, being divided among a number of small principalities and tribal groups, while also often falling more directly under Chinese rule after the Battle of Chamdo; most of this area was eventually incorporated into the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Qinghai.


Premise: How long is the Picture Gallery in yards?

Hypothesis: At the centre of the suite, serving as a corridor to link the state rooms, is the Picture Gallery, which is top-lit and 55 yards (50 m) long.


Premise: What is the railway tunnel to Canada called?

Hypothesis: Detroit has four border crossings: the Ambassador Bridge and the Detroit–Windsor Tunnel provide motor vehicle thoroughfares, with the Michigan Central Railway Tunnel providing railroad access to and from Canada.


Premise: What percentage of the student body of BYU has some proficiency in a second language?

Hypothesis: During any given semester, about one-third of the student body is enrolled in foreign language classes, a rate nearly four times the national average.


Premise: What happens if the concepts are measured on the same scale?

Hypothesis: A third concern with the Kinsey scale is that it inappropriately measures heterosexuality and homosexuality on the same scale, making one a tradeoff of the other.


Premise: Who held sway in the mountains of Oaxaca?

Hypothesis: The territory of modern-day Mexico was home to numerous indigenous civilizations prior to the arrival of the Spanish conquistadores:


Premise: When Napoleon left Paris, he went to the palace formerly belonging to whom?

Hypothesis: Napoleon returned to Paris and found that both the legislature and the people had turned against him.


Premise: Who was brought in as a new judge during American Idols eighth season?

Hypothesis: This was also the first season without executive producer Nigel Lythgoe who left to focus on the international versions of his show


Premise: What does Jody Rosen say influenced Beyoncé's vocal style?

Hypothesis: Rosen notes that the hip hop era highly influenced Beyoncé's strange rhythmic vocal style, but also finds her quite traditionalist in her use of balladry, gospel and falsetto.


Premise: What beverage was consumed by all the classes in the Roman Republic?

Hypothesis: Drinking on an empty stomach was regarded as boorish and a sure sign for alcoholism, the debilitating physical and psychological effects of which were known to the Romans.


Premise: When did Napoleon graduate?

Hypothesis: At this time, he was a fervent Corsican nationalist, and wrote to Corsican leader Pasquale Paoli in May 1789, "As the nation was perishing I was born.


Premise: what was cajmere's alternate name?

Hypothesis: Another U.S. hit which received radio play was the single "Time for the Perculator" by Cajmere, which became the prototype of ghetto house subgenre.


Premise: In which music video did Beyoncé star as Jay Z's girlfriend, creating speculation about their relationship?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé is believed to have first started a relationship with Jay Z after a collaboration on "'03 Bonnie & Clyde", which appeared on his seventh album


Premise: How many casualties did Moltke suffer at Beaumont?

Hypothesis: After a sharp fight in which they lost 5,000 men and 40 cannons, the French withdrew toward Sedan.


Premise: How much did Jackie Chan donate to support?

Hypothesis: In June, Hong Kong actor Jackie Chan, who donated $1.57 million to the victims, made a music video alongside other artists entitled "Promise"; the song was composed by Andy Lau.


Premise: Who was responsible for the adminstration of civil laws?

Hypothesis: Praetors administered civil law and commanded provincial armies.


Premise: Where was the Super Game Boy 2 released?

Hypothesis: Japan also saw the release of the Super Game Boy 2, which added a communication port to enable a second Game Boy to connect for multiplayer games.


Premise: What is the software that performs audio and/or video compression?

Hypothesis: The hardware or software that performs compression is called a codec (coder/decoder).


Premise: What was part of the territory of bishopric

Hypothesis: The prince-bishopric was involved in almost continuous conflicts with the Counts of Holland and the Dukes of Guelders.


Premise: The submarine volcano was formed as part of the same proces as what two things?

Hypothesis: The top of the seamount has gone through periods of complete submergence, during which its limestone cap was formed by marine organisms, and during the Ice Ages the entire caldera was above sea level, forming an island of approximately two hundred square miles.


Premise: Who said Chopin's works were modeled after Bach, Beethoven, Schubert and Field?

Hypothesis: George Golos refers to earlier "nationalist" composers in Central Europe, including Poland's Michał Kleofas Ogiński and Franciszek Lessel, who utilised polonaise and mazurka forms.


Premise: After the water purification plant at the Croton Watershed is built, how much more water will be added to the city's supply each day?

Hypothesis: As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbed natural water filtration system, New York is one of only four major cities in the United States the majority of whose drinking water is pure enough not to require purification by water treatment plants.


Premise: Where did North Korea predict that MacArthur would enter Korea?

Hypothesis: Lei concluded that MacArthur would most likely attempt a landing at Incheon.


Premise: When did Prussia stop torture?

Hypothesis: Also, other human rights were advocated for by some Protestants.


Premise: Who was a strong supporter of freedom of religion and wanted to unite Protestants and Catholics in the new union?

Hypothesis: Every other province had the freedom to regulate the religious question as it wished, although the Union stated every person should be free in the choice of personal religion and that no person should be prosecuted based on religious choice.


Premise: Did the terms, Enlightenment, Lumieres, Aufklarung and illuminismo refer to distinct or overlapping movements?

Hypothesis: Terms like "les Lumières" (French), "illuminismo" (Italian), "ilustración" (Spanish) and "Aufklärung" (German) referred to partly overlapping movements.


Premise: After Ed Policy resigned, what franchise closed?

Hypothesis: High hopes for the AFL waned when interim commissioner Ed Policy announced his resignation, citing the obsolescence of his position in the reformatted league.


Premise: Who can race serve as a significant factor when studying social inequality?

Hypothesis: Because in some societies racial groupings correspond closely with patterns of social stratification, for social scientists studying social inequality, race can be a significant variable.


Premise: What takes part on the east side of the main park every Sunday?

Hypothesis: On this side, a very popular street market takes place every Sunday.


Premise: Why were travelers often robbed under Fujiwara rule?

Hypothesis: The Fujiwara rulers failed to maintain adequate police forces, which left robbers free to prey on travelers.


Premise: When did Burke first publicly condemn the French Revolution?

Hypothesis: Burke's first public condemnation of the Revolution occurred on the debate in Parliament on the army estimates on 9 February 1790, provoked by praise of the Revolution by Pitt and Fox:


Premise: What did a teacher of religion  from the college that was named after a Dominican friar do in 1839 of historical note ?

Hypothesis: [A critical examination of the doctrine of St. Thomas Aquinas, the Angelic Doctor, regarding original sin with respect to the Most Blessed Virgin Mary], in which Aquinas is interpreted not as treating the question of the Immaculate Conception later formulated in the papal bull Ineffabilis Deus but rather the sanctification of the fetus within Mary's womb.


Premise: What title was the king and queen presented with when touring Canada?

Hypothesis: From Ottawa, the royal couple were accompanied throughout by Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, to present themselves in North America as King and Queen of Canada.


Premise: During which entire century were companies and nations trying to achieve true HDTV?

Hypothesis: The ongoing competition between companies and nations to create true "HDTV" spanned the entire 20th century, as each new system became more HD than the last.


Premise: When was the first comprehensive school opened in Gibraltar?

Hypothesis: Gibraltar opened its first comprehensive school in 1972.


Premise: Fpr what possession of Prussia was the Saxony invasion a distraction?

Hypothesis: He intended this as a bold pre-emption of an anticipated Austro-French invasion of Silesia.


Premise: What position did Victoria take on being shot at?

Hypothesis: On 2 March 1882, Roderick Maclean, a disgruntled poet apparently offended by Victoria's refusal to accept one of his poems, shot at the Queen as her carriage left Windsor railway station.


Premise: How many Macs did Apple sell worldwide during the 2009 holiday season?

Hypothesis: Apple now sits in the number five spot, with a global market share of about 6% during 2014, behind Lenovo, HP, Dell and Acer.


Premise: Which architect was a transitional figure?

Hypothesis: The architect James Gibbs was a transitional figure, his earlier buildings are Baroque, reflecting the time he spent in Rome in the early 18th century, but he adjusted his style after 1720.


Premise: How many members are in a house?

Hypothesis: Senators serve nine-year terms and are elected at-large by a plurality of the popular vote.


Premise: What type of history period is often neglected in Indian histories?

Hypothesis: Romila Thapar notes that the division into Hindu-Muslim-British periods of Indian history gives too much weight to "ruling dynasties and foreign invasions", neglecting the social-economic history which often showed a strong continuity.


Premise: The Shu were an ally of who, according to the Book of Documents?

Hypothesis: It was, however, referred to in the Book of Documents as an ally of the Zhou.


Premise: What was the median income for a household in the city?

Hypothesis: The per capita income for the city was $15,402.


Premise: What do international actions do according to these scholars?

Hypothesis: These scholars suggest economic engagement, emphasis on opening quality schools rather than more laws and expanding economically relevant skill development opportunities in the third world.


Premise: How many American service personnel died in World War II?

Hypothesis: World War II holds a special place in the American psyche as the country's greatest triumph, and the U.S. military personnel of World War II are frequently referred to as "the Greatest Generation."


Premise: How much were Dell profiting in 2002?

Hypothesis: From 1997 to 2004, Dell enjoyed steady growth and it gained market share from competitors even during industry slumps.


Premise: What does Gunlick remark that the German System of  dual federalism requires strong Länder to have other than the capacity to implement legislation?

Hypothesis: He summarizes the main arguments for boundary reform in Germany: "... the German system of dual federalism requires strong Länder that have the administrative and fiscal capacity to implement legislation and pay for it from own source revenues.


Premise: When were free elections held?

Hypothesis: Pressure from the United States, France, and from a group of locally represented countries and agencies called GIBAFOR (France, the USA, Germany, Japan, the EU, the World Bank, and the UN) finally led Kolingba to agree, in principle, to hold free elections in October 1992 with help from the UN Office of Electoral Affairs.


Premise: Who split the leadership roles in the Qing dynasty?

Hypothesis: Like previous dynasties, the Qing recruited officials via the imperial examination system, until the system was abolished in 1905.


Premise: What was the name of the first Universal-Pioneer player?

Hypothesis: In 1981, "LaserDisc" was used exclusively for the medium itself, although the official name was "LaserVision" (as seen at the beginning of many LaserDisc releases just before the start of the film).


Premise: Which newspaper asked the Chinese people to protest peacefully?

Hypothesis: State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Chinese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner".


Premise: What was only incorporated into Layer III and not Layers I or II?

Hypothesis: Much of its technology and ideas were incorporated into the definition of ISO MPEG Audio Layer I and Layer II and the filter bank alone into Layer III (MP3) format as part of the computationally inefficient hybrid filter bank.


Premise: When was the Greek Orthodox Church started?

Hypothesis: Greece was first unified under Philip of Macedon in the fourth century BC.


Premise: During whose reign was the former town of Sutton referred to as Plymouth?

Hypothesis: The name Plymouth first officially replaced Sutton in a charter of King Henry VI in 1440.


Premise: What process splits the chromosome between gametes?

Hypothesis: In classical genetics, in a sexually reproducing organism (typically eukarya) the gamete has half the number of chromosomes of the somatic cell and the genome is a full set of chromosomes in a diploid cell.


Premise: What personal effect did Lee give to Peck?

Hypothesis: Lee's father died before the film's release, and Lee was so impressed with Peck's performance that she gave him her father's pocketwatch, which he had with him the evening he was awarded the Oscar for best actor.


Premise: Courts in commonwealth nations are often influenced by what?

Hypothesis: The reason is that although the courts of the various Commonwealth nations are often influenced by each other's rulings, American courts rarely follow post-Revolution Commonwealth rulings unless there is no American ruling on point, the facts and law at issue are nearly identical, and the reasoning is strongly persuasive.


Premise: What is the name of Chopin's biographer?

Hypothesis: Chopin arrived in Paris in late September 1831; he would never return to Poland, thus becoming one of many expatriates of the Polish Great Emigration.


Premise: What important neopragmatist was Harthorne's student?

Hypothesis: One philosophical school which has historically had a close relationship with process philosophy is American pragmatism.


Premise: Which weapon did Feynman found to not be feasible?

Hypothesis: On completing this work he was transferred to the Oak Ridge facility, where he aided engineers in devising safety procedures for material storage so that criticality accidents (for example, due to sub-critical amounts of fissile material inadvertently stored in proximity on opposite sides of a wall) could be avoided.


Premise: What is one known istance of cannibalism?

Hypothesis: At least a few people, such as the Donner party, are said to have resorted to it in desperation.


Premise: The lower case letters caused a differ in the patter, what did this cause?

Hypothesis: Locating the lowercase letters in columns 6 and 7 caused the characters to differ in bit pattern from the upper case by a single bit, which simplified case-insensitive character matching and the construction of keyboards and printers.


Premise: Name one outher country with defined national or regional target?

Hypothesis: National targets for individual EU Member States have also been set to meet the overall target.


Premise: What happened to loyal Roman Catholicism priests?

Hypothesis: Within the borders of modern Thuringia the Roman Catholic faith only survived in the Eichsfeld district, which was ruled by the Archbishop of Mainz, and to a small degree in Erfurt and its immediate vicinity.


Premise: What is an example of an organism which does not contain any repetitive DNA?

Hypothesis: It had been found that the proportion of non-repetitive DNA can vary a lot between species.


Premise: Who did the pope appoint Bishop

Hypothesis: The pope appointed their leader, Willibrordus, bishop of the Frisians.


Premise: What popular tourist site was particularly active during the 20s?

Hypothesis: Five Mile Point Light was decommissioned in 1877 following the construction of Southwest Ledge Light at the entrance of the harbor, which remains in service to this day.


Premise: What percentage of students at Notre Dame participated in the Early Action program?

Hypothesis: 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan.


Premise: Where did Athanasius flee to after this attempt?

Hypothesis: Athanasius fled to Upper Egypt, where he stayed in several monasteries and other houses.


Premise: Who was the head of Seagram?

Hypothesis: To raise money, Seagram head Edgar Bronfman Jr. sold Universal's television holdings, including cable network USA, to Barry Diller (these same properties would be bought back later at greatly inflated prices).


Premise: Whose words were an inspiration for Jan Hus?

Hypothesis: He was excommunicated and burned at the stake in Constance, Bishopric of Constance in 1415 by secular authorities for unrepentant and persistent heresy.


Premise: What is official language of Egypt?

Hypothesis: In Alexandria in the 19th century there was a large community of Italian Egyptians and Italian was the "lingua franca" of the city.


Premise: How far does the Alps range stretch?

Hypothesis: In areas like Chiasso, Switzerland, and Neuschwanstein, Bavaria, the demarcation between the mountain range and the flatlands are clear; in other places such as Geneva, the demarcation is less clear.


Premise: The 10 billion logical data records are linked to how many artifacts?

Hypothesis: As of December 2012, the catalog consisted of about 10 billion logical data records describing 527,000 artifacts and encompassing 81% of NARA's records.


Premise: What political party controls the Mexico City legislature?

Hypothesis: Because of a clause in the Mexican Constitution, however, as the seat of the powers of the Union, it can never become a state, lest the capital of the country be relocated elsewhere.


Premise: Which restaurant did Madonna work in New York City?

Hypothesis: In 1978, she dropped out of college and relocated to New York City.


Premise: Who removed Jesus from the cross?

Hypothesis: The Roman soldiers did not break Jesus' legs, as they did to the other two men crucified (breaking the legs hastened the crucifixion process), as Jesus was dead already.


Premise: What new footage did Columbia require for a Close Encounters revisit?

Hypothesis: Spielberg then revisited his Close Encounters project and, with financial backing from Columbia Pictures, released Close Encounters: The Special Edition in 1980.


Premise: Why did the definition of film speeds change considerably?

Hypothesis: Originally the sensitivity was written as a fraction with 'tenths' (for example "18/10° DIN"), where the resultant value 1.8 represented the relative base 10 logarithm of the speed. '


Premise: In front of what NJ building was the street paved with asphalt in 1870?

Hypothesis: In 1876, asphalt-based paving was used to pave Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, DC, in time for the celebration of the national centennial.


Premise: What happened when Kexi, and the two other generals all retired?

Hypothesis: The move backfired as the young emperor called their bluff by accepting their requests and ordering that all three fiefdoms to be reverted to the crown.


Premise: Which type of philosphy did not continue after 1400?

Hypothesis: When Madhavacharya compiled Sarva-darśana-samgraha (a digest of all philosophies) in the 14th century, he had no Cārvāka/Lokāyata text to quote from, or even refer to.


Premise: The idea of what quality was a social indicator that provided a new source of legitimacy for the dominant class?

Hypothesis: The idea of taste (le goût) was a social indicator: to truly be able to categorize nature, one had to have the proper taste, an ability of discretion shared by all members of polite society.


Premise: Tengen got a description of Nintendo's chip from whom?

Hypothesis: Atari Games created a line of NES products under the name Tengen and took a different approach.


Premise: Why would a transmitter have additional adjustments?

Hypothesis: When a transmission line is used in between the antenna and the transmitter (or receiver) one generally would like an antenna system whose impedance is resistive and near the characteristic impedance of that transmission line in order to minimize the standing wave ratio (SWR) and the increase in transmission line losses it entails, in addition to supplying a good match at the transmitter or receiver itself.


Premise: What is one way of referring to more than one antenna?

Hypothesis: In the United Kingdom and other areas where British English is used, the term aerial is sometimes used although 'antenna' has been universal in professional use for many years.


Premise: What are the Universities waiting for before proceeding with the lawsuit?

Hypothesis: Both universities requested the court to halt the lawsuits until the U.S. Supreme Court provides clarification of relevant law by ruling in Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin for the second time.


Premise: When was the first Namibian newspaper founded?

Hypothesis: The first newspaper in Namibia was the German-language Windhoeker Anzeiger, founded 1898.


Premise: Early Greek (before Koine) have been redone with what?

Hypothesis: Some forms of Greek before the Koine Greek period are reconstructed as having aspirated stops.


Premise: What county did Plymouth unsuccessfully attempt to see created?

Hypothesis: This led to Plymouth lobbying for the creation of a Tamarside county, to include Plymouth, Torpoint, Saltash, and the rural hinterland.


Premise: Who believed the Ming reappointed old Yuan dynasty officials in Tibet?

Hypothesis: Norbu writes that, although this would have been true for the eastern Tibetan regions of Amdo and Kham's "tribute-cum-trade" relations with the Ming, it was untrue if applied to the western Tibetan regions of Ü-Tsang and Ngari.


Premise: In what era did Iranian visual art reach its peak?

Hypothesis: It is even possible to see a progenitor of the cinema close-up in one of these works of art, which shows a wounded wild pig escaping from the hunting ground.


Premise: When did other states become part of Mexico?

Hypothesis: The geographical isolation and unique political history of this territory led to New Mexican Spanish differing notably from both Spanish spoken in other parts of the United States of America and Spanish spoken in the present-day United Mexican States.


Premise: What are two economic issues faced by the Congolese government?

Hypothesis: The current administration presides over an uneasy internal peace and faces difficult economic problems of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty, despite record-high oil prices since 2003.


Premise: Israel developed what?

Hypothesis: From May to September, rain in Israel is rare.


Premise: What north sea port was the secondary target for bombers that could not find their primary target?

Hypothesis: The North Sea port of Hull, a convenient and easily found target or secondary target for bombers unable to locate their primary targets, was subjected to 86 raids in the Hull Blitz during the war, with a conservative estimate of 1,200 civilians killed and 95 percent of its housing stock destroyed or damaged.


Premise: When did evidence of wheeled vehicles appear throughout the world?

Hypothesis: Evidence of wheeled vehicles appeared in the mid 4th millennium BC, near-simultaneously in Mesopotamia, the Northern Caucasus (Maykop culture) and Central Europe.


Premise: What percentage of the street vendors in Hyderabad were male in 2007?

Hypothesis: According to a survey published in 2007, it had 40–50,000 street vendors, and their numbers were increasing.:9


Premise: What monocot plant produces "wood" by the same name that's often used for flooring and veneer?

Hypothesis: Structural material that resembles ordinary, "dicot" or conifer wood in its gross handling characteristics is produced by a number of monocot plants, and these also are colloquially called wood.


Premise: What financial institution went bankrupt and was liquidated in 2007?

Hypothesis: Lehman reported that it had been in talks with Bank of America and Barclays for the company's possible sale.


Premise: What did Nasser call King Hussein?

Hypothesis: Nasser subsequently slammed Hussein on Cairo radio as being "a tool of the imperialists".


Premise: In the 1988 election, where did George H. W. Bush say Michael Dukakis's foreign policy was born?

Hypothesis: During the 1988 presidential election, George H. W. Bush (Yale '48) derided Michael Dukakis for having "foreign-policy views born in Harvard Yard's boutique".


Premise: Statues have been made in whose likeness?

Hypothesis: Some other distinctive features, such as temples, baths, reservoirs, warrior statues and decorative carvings have been found associated to this culture, together with rich gold and metalworking traditions.


Premise: What do the Four Noble Truths explain?

Hypothesis: The teachings on the Four Noble Truths are regarded as central to the teachings of Buddhism, and are said to provide a conceptual framework for Buddhist thought.


Premise: How many techniques are available because of ISO 12232:2006?

Hypothesis: The ISO standard ISO 12232:2006 gives digital still camera manufacturers a choice of five different techniques for determining the exposure index rating at each sensitivity setting provided by a particular camera model.


Premise: What is another name for terahertz radiation?

Hypothesis: Recently T-ray imaging has been of considerable interest due to a number of new developments such as terahertz time-domain spectroscopy.


Premise: What is Allah Ditta Lona Wala's career?

Hypothesis: Among the Punjabi poets, the names of Sultan Bahu, Bulleh Shah, Mian Muhammad Baksh, and Waris Shah and folk singers like Inayat Hussain Bhatti and Tufail Niazi, Alam Lohar, Sain Marna, Mansoor Malangi, Allah Ditta Lona wala, Talib Hussain Dard, Attaullah Khan Essa Khailwi, Gamoo Tahliwala, Mamzoo Gha-lla, Akbar Jat, Arif Lohar, Ahmad Nawaz Cheena and Hamid Ali Bela are well-known.


Premise: What Nasserist usurped the King of Yemen?

Hypothesis: Muammar Gaddafi, who overthrew the Libyan monarchy in 1969, considered Nasser his hero and sought to succeed him as "leader of the Arabs".


Premise: When were albums as we currently know them widely released?

Hypothesis: In the 1930s, record companies began issuing collections of 78 rpm records by one performer or of one type of music in specially assembled albums, typically with artwork on the front cover and liner notes on the back or inside cover.


Premise: What languages do residents of Norfolk Island speak?

Hypothesis: The Norfuk language is decreasing in popularity as more tourists travel to the island and more young people leave for work and study reasons; however, there are efforts to keep it alive via dictionaries and the renaming of some tourist attractions to their Norfuk equivalents.


Premise: What type of work did Paul Vi finish that had been started by two previous popes?

Hypothesis: He took on himself the unfinished reform work of these two popes, bringing them diligently with great humility and common sense and without much fanfare to conclusion.


Premise: How long was the Hakata Bay barrier?

Hypothesis: The Japanese defenders recognized the possibility of a renewed invasion, and began construction of a great stone barrier around Hakata Bay in 1276.


Premise: What did Detroit build after the failure of a larger regional transportation system?

Hypothesis: Following the failure to reach an agreement over the larger system, the City moved forward with construction of the elevated downtown circulator portion of the system, which became known as the Detroit People Mover.


Premise: Why do many Somalis live in South Asia and Europe?

Hypothesis: While most Somalis can be found in Somalia proper, large numbers also live in Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, Yemen, the Middle East, South Asia and Europe due to their seafaring tradition.


Premise: What did Trudeau say Elizabeth favored?

Hypothesis: Trudeau said in his memoirs that the Queen favoured his attempt to reform the constitution and that he was impressed by "the grace she displayed in public" and "the wisdom she showed in private".


Premise: By the 2000-1 season what was the percentage of foreign players?

Hypothesis: By 2000–01, the number of foreign players participating in the Premier League was 36 per cent of the total.


Premise: What is Nanjing's nationwide ranking for National key disciplines?

Hypothesis: The number of National key laboratories, National key disciplines and the academicians of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering all rank third in the nation.


Premise: Why did the last Ming Emperor commit suicide?

Hypothesis: When Beijing was captured by Li Zicheng's peasant rebels in 1644, the Chongzhen Emperor, the last Ming emperor, committed suicide.


Premise: According to Brian Cowan, was learning more or less formal in coffehouses as opposed to private institutions?

Hypothesis: According to Cowan, "the coffeehouse was a place for like-minded scholars to congregate, to read, as well as learn from and to debate with each other, but was emphatically not a university institution, and the discourse there was of a far different order than any university tutorial."


Premise: Along with Nepali, Indian and Chinese cuisines, what cuisine has been a focus of Kathmandu restaurants?

Hypothesis: The growth of tourism in Kathmandu has led to culinary creativity and the development of hybrid foods to accommodate for tourists such as American chop suey, which is a sweet-and-sour sauce with crispy noodles with a fried egg commonly added on top and other westernized adaptations of traditional cuisine.


Premise: What did religious freedom result from?

Hypothesis: "Religious freedom resulted from an alliance of unlikely partners," writes the historian Frank Lambert in his book The Founding Fathers and the Place of Religion in America.


Premise: Art and music were some of these forms of  cultural related to what type of living?

Hypothesis: This distinction is often characterized as that between high culture, namely that of the ruling social group, and low culture.


Premise: What caused the bankruptcy of many farmers during this era?

Hypothesis: As commodity prices fell, many farmers could no longer operate their farms at a profit.


Premise: What is distinguished from 'this is odd' only by an accent, in Russian?

Hypothesis: According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent (знак ударения) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress.


Premise: How many selective grammar schools are still currently functioning in England and Wales?

Hypothesis: In the selective school system, which survives in several parts of the United Kingdom, admission is dependent on selection criteria, most commonly a cognitive test or tests.


Premise: Who took over from Tongzhi?

Hypothesis: Following the emperor's death in 1875, Cixi's nephew, the Guangxu Emperor, took the throne, in violation of the dynastic custom that the new emperor be of the next generation, and another regency began.


Premise: Who expounded the earliest recorded Western philosophy of time?

Hypothesis: The earliest recorded Western philosophy of time was expounded by the ancient Egyptian thinker Ptahhotep (c. 2650–2600 BC), who said, "Do not lessen the time of following desire, for the wasting of time is an abomination to the spirit."


Premise: Where are archival descriptions of holdings under the custody of NARA stored?

Hypothesis: The archival descriptions include information on traditional paper holdings, electronic records, and artifacts.


Premise: The SAC is an abbreviation for what US force?

Hypothesis: American intelligence agencies discovered that the Soviet Union had exploded its first atomic bomb, with the consequence that the United States potentially could face a future nuclear war that, for the first time, might devastate its cities.


Premise: Which musican mediums were the majority of amateur music works published for?

Hypothesis: The increasing study of the fine arts, as well as access to amateur-friendly published works, led to more people becoming interested in reading and discussing music.


Premise: What is the word for a beardless, athletic youth?

Hypothesis: The ideal of the kouros (a beardless, athletic youth), Apollo has been variously recognized as a god of music, truth and prophecy, healing, the sun and light, plague, poetry, and more.


Premise: When did James Mcleod pass away?

Hypothesis: Richard J. Smith is Dean of the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences.


Premise: Israel is ranked 1st in the world in what?

Hypothesis: Israel is a leading country in the development of solar energy.


Premise: What are the legal jurisdictions that Swiss citizens are subject to?

Hypothesis: Swiss citizens are subject to three legal jurisdictions: the commune, canton and federal levels.


Premise: What year was the treaty ratified?

Hypothesis: While the treaty established what later became the Flathead Indian Reservation, trouble with interpreters and confusion over the terms of the treaty led whites to believe that the Bitterroot Valley was opened to settlement, but the tribal nations disputed those provisions.


Premise: Popper pointed out an important logical asymmetry between what two concepts?

Hypothesis: Logically, no number of positive outcomes at the level of experimental testing can confirm a scientific theory, but a single counterexample is logically decisive: it shows the theory, from which the implication is derived, to be false.


Premise: Who was most influential in Islamic philosophy?

Hypothesis: Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is regarded as the most influential philosopher of Islam.


Premise: Where were the people gathered at his tomb from?

Hypothesis: The 50th anniversary of his death was celebrated on 3 June 2013 by Pope Francis, who visited his tomb and prayed there, then addressing the gathered crowd and spoke about the late pope.


Premise: When was Claridge's asphalt the most often used?

Hypothesis: In 1838, there was a flurry of entrepreneurial activity involving asphalt/bitumen, which had uses beyond paving.


Premise: Which season ten contestant was in the hospital instead of at the Top 13 results show?

Hypothesis: The judges used their one save on Abrams on the Top 11, and as a result this was the first season that 11 finalists went on tour instead of 10.


Premise: The rise of ports caused what in populations?

Hypothesis: Some regions conversely had population falls – Belgrade saw its population drop from 25,000 to 8,000 mainly due to political strife.


Premise: What odds were at stake for the attack launched by the III Corps?

Hypothesis: Once blocked from retreat, the French in the fortress of Metz had no choice but to engage in a fight that would see the last major cavalry engagement in Western Europe.


Premise: According to Hegel, what form does thought necessarily take?

Hypothesis: Thought is always a form of abstraction, and thus not only is pure existence impossible to think, but all forms in existence are unthinkable; thought depends on language, which merely abstracts from experience, thus separating us from lived experience and the living essence of all beings.


Premise: How many pins did the controller ports have on the NES?

Hypothesis: The NES dropped the hardwired controllers, instead featuring two custom 7-pin ports on the front of the console.


Premise: What is the average for a dog to bear her litter?

Hypothesis: An average litter consists of about six puppies, though this number may vary widely based on the breed of dog.


Premise: In what European areas is Protestantism still the most practiced religion?

Hypothesis: In European countries which were most profoundly influenced by the Reformation, Protestantism still remains the most practiced religion.


Premise: What part of Houston does San Jacinto College serve?

Hypothesis: The northwestern through northeastern parts of the city are served by various campuses of the Lone Star College System, while the southeastern portion of Houston is served by San Jacinto College, and a northeastern portion is served by Lee College.


Premise: What is used to generalize the connection of fields and groups to infinite field extensions?

Hypothesis: for any constant c. Matrix groups over these fields fall under this regime, as do adele rings and adelic algebraic groups, which are basic to number theory.


Premise: How many households are located in New Haven according to the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau report?

Hypothesis: The city's demography is shifting rapidly: New Haven has always been a city of immigrants and currently the Latino population is growing rapidly.


Premise: Where on the fault is the possibility of future earthquakes increased?

Hypothesis: On May 20, USGS seismologist Tom Parsons warned that there is "high risk" of a major M>7 aftershock over the next weeks or months.


Premise: What does SAGW stand for?

Hypothesis: Anti-aircraft missiles are variously called surface-to-air missile, abbreviated and pronounced "SAM" and Surface to Air Guided Weapon (SAGW).


Premise: What variation of beetle in the Coleoptera order communicate by way of light?

Hypothesis: Insects can communicate with each other in a variety of ways.


Premise: In what decade did film and literature help revive football in Britain?

Hypothesis: As one of the most successful teams in the country, Arsenal have often featured when football is depicted in the arts in Britain.


Premise: What year was the brewing Company SABMiller founded?

Hypothesis: In 2002 South African Breweries bought the North American Miller Brewing Company to found SABMiller, becoming the second largest brewery, after North American Anheuser-Bush.


Premise: What was the name of Queen's final tour with Freddie Mercury?

Hypothesis: A sold-out tour in support of A Kind of Magic, once again they hired Spike Edney, leading to him being dubbed the unofficial fifth member.


Premise: What year did the government of Zhejiang recognise folk religion as 'civil religion'?

Hypothesis: In mid-2015 the government of Zhejiang recognised folk religion as "civil religion" beginning the registration of more than twenty thousand folk religious associations.


Premise: How many rivers run through Hanover?

Hypothesis: Some other popular sights are the Waterloo Column, the Laves House, the Wangenheim Palace, the Lower Saxony State Archives, the Hanover Playhouse, the Kröpcke Clock, the Anzeiger Tower Block, the Administration Building of the NORD/LB, the Cupola Hall of the Congress Centre, the Lower Saxony Stock, the Ministry of Finance, the Garten Church, the Luther Church, the Gehry Tower (designed by the American architect Frank O. Gehry), the specially designed Bus Stops, the Opera House, the Central Station, the Maschsee lake and the city forest Eilenriede, which is one of the largest of its kind in Europe.


Premise: What use has pushed out the need to produce roads with coal tar?

Hypothesis: However, since the 1970s, when natural gas succeeded town gas, asphalt/bitumen has completely overtaken the use of coal tar in these applications.


Premise: Who does Barbara Anderson feel the church's policy regarding sexual abuse protects?

Hypothesis: Jehovah's Witnesses have been accused of having policies and culture that help to conceal cases of sexual abuse within the organization.


Premise: What empire included all of the Balkan Peninsula north to the southern edge of the Hungarian Plain at the beginning of the 19th century?

Hypothesis: At the beginning of the 19th century the Ottoman Empire included all of the Balkan Peninsula north to the southern edge of the Hungarian Plain, but by 1914 had lost all of it except Constantinople and Eastern Thrace to the rise of Balkan nationalism, which saw the independence of Greece, Serbia, the Danubian Principalities and Bulgaria.


Premise: What new library illustrates the traditional style of neoclassicism?

Hypothesis: Two new university Libraries, Quinlan Terry's Maitland Robinson Library at Downing College and ADAM Architecture's Sackler Library illustrate that the approach taken can range from the traditional, in the former case, to the unconventional, in the latter case.


Premise: What was the headline for a page 2 Sun story on 17 November 1989?

Hypothesis: The Sun also ran an editorial further arguing that "At last the truth can be told... the risk of catching AIDS if you are heterosexual is "statistically invisible".


Premise: What organization invested half a million pounds in the SeaCity Museum?

Hypothesis: The city is home to the longest surviving stretch of medieval walls in England, as well as a number of museums such as Tudor House Museum, reopened on 30 July 2011 after undergoing extensive restoration and improvement; Southampton Maritime Museum; God's House Tower, an archaeology museum about the city's heritage and located in one of the tower walls; the Medieval Merchant's House; and Solent Sky, which focuses on aviation.


Premise: What percentage of the population is of the  Rakhine descendant line ?

Hypothesis: The Kayin make up 7% of the population.


Premise: Who became Mayor in january, 2014?

Hypothesis: Marty Walsh became Mayor in January 2014, his predecessor Thomas Menino's twenty-year tenure having been the longest in the city's history.


Premise: Who said "there will be a Marine Corps for the next 500 years"?

Hypothesis: Navy Secretary James Forrestal, upon seeing the flag, remarked "there will be a Marine Corps for the next 500 years.


Premise: What group makes up 6 % of Houston's population?

Hypothesis: Asians made up 6% (1.7% Vietnamese, 1.3% Chinese, 1.3% Indian, 0.9% Pakistani, 0.4% Filipino, 0.3% Korean, 0.1% Japanese), while Pacific Islanders made up 0.1%.


Premise: When did India build the forth largest rail system in the world?

Hypothesis: India built a modern railway system in the late 19th century which was the fourth largest in the world.


Premise: What dynastie was from Austria and Slovenia?

Hypothesis: Much of the medieval period was a time of power struggles between competing dynasties such as the House of Savoy, the Visconti in northern Italy and the House of Habsburg in Austria and Slovenia.


Premise: Why did San Diego lose its pueblo status in 1838?

Hypothesis: In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California.


Premise: What example city service was cut back on in the Bronx?

Hypothesis: Others have suggested a "planned shrinkage" of municipal services, such as fire-fighting.


Premise: What official organization was responsible for Samoa during most of the 20th century?

Hypothesis: In 1943, this Department was renamed the Department of Island Territories after a separate Department of External Affairs was created to conduct New Zealand's foreign affairs.


Premise: What was the name of William Henry Pyne book from 1808?

Hypothesis: As home to the revolution, Britain experienced higher standards of living.


Premise: On which date did Arsenal name a fully foreign 16-man squad for a match?

Hypothesis: On 26 December 1999, Chelsea became the first Premier League side to field an entirely foreign starting line-up, and on 14 February 2005


Premise: Which rooms are used for less formal entertaining such as luncheons or private audiences?

Hypothesis: Directly underneath the State Apartments is a suite of slightly less grand rooms known as the semi-state apartments.


Premise: What are dimethylzinc, dietylzinc and diphenylzinc?

Hypothesis: Commercially available diorganozinc compounds are dimethylzinc, diethylzinc and diphenylzinc.


Premise: What features did Aonuma work to improve after the demo complaints?

Hypothesis: He began rethinking the controls with Miyamoto to focus on comfort and ease.[q]


Premise: What ancient festival was celebrated until the 5th century?

Hypothesis: Aeneas had been given refuge by King Evander, a Greek exile from Arcadia, to whom were attributed other religious foundations: he established the Ara Maxima, "Greatest Altar," to Hercules at the site that would become the Forum Boarium, and he was the first to celebrate the Lupercalia, an archaic festival in February that was celebrated as late as the 5th century of the Christian era.


Premise: Dogs show an extreme range in what two characteristics?

Hypothesis: Dogs are highly variable in height and weight.


Premise: What type of antibiotic is most likely to be a problem with alcohol?

Hypothesis: Despite the lack of a categorical counterindication, the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed is widespread.


Premise: When was Madonna pregnant?

Hypothesis: During shooting she became ill several times due to the intense emotional effort required.


Premise: How is the credit to households accomplished?

Hypothesis: If the net electricity use is below zero, the utility then rolls over the kilowatt hour credit to the next month.


Premise: How many people currently have membership to the BHS?

Hypothesis: Today the BHS has over 22,000 members in approximately 800 chapters across the United States, and the barbershop style has spread around the world with organizations in many other countries.


Premise: When did the Orthodox Church of Greece proclaim being a Freemason was an act of apostacy?

Hypothesis: In 1933, the Orthodox Church of Greece officially declared that being a Freemason constitutes an act of apostasy and thus, until he repents, the person involved with Freemasonry cannot partake of the Eucharist.


Premise: What does Materialism see each object as?

Hypothesis: It sees every object as distinct and discrete from all other objects.


Premise: What person took an army of 40,000 across the mountain passes?

Hypothesis: A mummified man, determined to be 5,000 years old, was discovered on a glacier at the Austrian–Italian border in 1991.


Premise: What did the 1960 changes to film speed measures lead to?

Hypothesis: The ASA standard underwent a major revision in 1960 with ASA PH2.5-1960, when the method to determine film speed was refined and previously applied safety factors against under-exposure were abandoned, effectively doubling the nominal speed of many black-and-white negative films.


Premise: Architecture involves the creation of what?

Hypothesis: Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art.


Premise: What city does the western route 34 leads to?

Hypothesis: To the northeast are Middletown Avenue (Route 17), which leads to the Montowese section of North Haven, and Foxon Boulevard (Route 80), which leads to the Foxon section of East Haven and to the town of North Branford.


Premise: Economic anthropology covers what scope of human economic behavior?

Hypothesis: Economic Anthropology remains, for the most part, focused upon exchange.


Premise: What famous ship left Southampton's port carrying the Pilgrim Fathers?

Hypothesis: The port was the point of departure for the Pilgrim Fathers aboard Mayflower in 1620.


Premise: In more that 100 years how many films have been produced in Egypt?

Hypothesis: For over 100 years, more than 4000 films have been produced in Egypt, three quarters of the total Arab production.[citation needed]


Premise: What property of copper increases the efficiency of electrical motors?

Hypothesis: Copper's greater conductivity versus other metals enhances the electrical energy efficiency of motors.


Premise: How many bulbs does the average ribbon machine produce per hour?

Hypothesis: In manufacturing the glass bulb, a type of "ribbon machine" is used.


Premise: Some penguins have been recording diving up to how many feet?

Hypothesis: Birds live and breed in most terrestrial habitats and on all seven continents, reaching their southern extreme in the snow petrel's breeding colonies up to 440 kilometres (270 mi) inland in Antarctica.


Premise: What competition is the predecessor to the UEFA Cup-Europa League?

Hypothesis: They have also won five UEFA Champions League, a record four UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, a shared record five UEFA Super Cup and a record three FIFA Club World Cup trophies.


Premise: The CCCS has since been associated with who?

Hypothesis: Cultural studies in this sense, then, can be viewed as a limited concentration scoped on the intricacies of consumerism, which belongs to a wider culture sometimes referred to as "Western Civilization" or as "Globalism."


Premise: Who did Prince Edward marry in 1818 in the hopes of producing a child?

Hypothesis: Her death in 1817 precipitated a succession crisis that brought pressure on the Duke of Kent and his unmarried brothers to marry and have children.


Premise: What did the Sunday Times estimate Elizabeth's fortune to be in 2015?

Hypothesis: Elizabeth's personal fortune has been the subject of speculation for many years.


Premise: What can be coded to films to find the source of illegal copies?

Hypothesis: Coded Anti-Piracy marks can be added to films to identify the source of illegal copies and shut them down.


Premise: What is another surface arteries that is located west of downtown New Haven?

Hypothesis: To the west is Route 34, which leads to the city of Derby.


Premise: Why would all the remaining stores of lard, butter and meat left at vastenavond be eaten?

Hypothesis: On what nowadays is called vastenavond (the days before fasting) all the remaining winter stores of lard, butter and meat which were left would be eaten, for it would soon start to rot and decay.


Premise: Name one person that Jewish ancestry traced back to?

Hypothesis: According to the Hebrew Bible narrative, Jewish ancestry is traced back to the Biblical patriarchs such as Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, and the Biblical matriarchs Sarah, Rebecca, Leah, and Rachel, who lived in Canaan around the 18th century BCE.


Premise: What percentage of Castille's total earnings was Galicia responsible for?

Hypothesis: The establishment of the Santa Hermandad in 1480, and of the Real Audiencia del Reino de Galicia in 1500—a tribunal and executive body directed by the Governor-Captain General as a direct representative of the King—implied initially the submission of the Kingdom to the Crown, after a century of unrest and fiscal insubordination.


Premise: What was the highest world ranking achieved by England under management by Sven-Göran Eriksson?

Hypothesis: Sven-Göran Eriksson took charge of the team between 2001 and 2006, and was the first non–English manager of England.


Premise: When did Kerry publish his memories of Vietnam?

Hypothesis: "I didn't really want to get involved in the war", Kerry said in a book of Vietnam reminiscences published in 1986.


Premise: In this theory, what action evokes an emotion?

Hypothesis: The issue with the James–Lange theory is that of causation (bodily states causing emotions and being a priori), not that of the bodily influences on emotional experience (which can be argued and is still quite prevalent today in biofeedback studies and embodiment theory).


Premise: Who did Beyonce participate with in the Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit?

Hypothesis: In April 2011, Beyoncé joined forces with US First Lady Michelle Obama and the National Association of Broadcasters Education Foundation, to help boost the latter's campaign against child obesity by reworking her single "Get Me Bodied".


Premise: With which of his friends did Schwarzenegger start a bricklaying company?

Hypothesis: In 1968, Schwarzenegger and fellow bodybuilder Franco Columbu started a bricklaying business.


Premise: Why did Philip move south?

Hypothesis: After a successful campaign against Alfonso, John headed north again, taking the city of Angers.


Premise: In what year was Henri IV assassinated?

Hypothesis: The last of these wars, the eighth one, ended in 1594, after Henri IV had converted to Catholicism and was finally able to enter Paris as he supposedly declared Paris vaut bien une messe ("Paris is well worth a Mass").


Premise: Over how many people typically attend New York's version of the Carnival?

Hypothesis: Carnival is one of the largest parades and street festivals in New York, with over one million attending.


Premise: Which town do the New Jersey Devils hockey team play?

Hypothesis: Also within the metropolitan area are the New Jersey Devils, who play in nearby Newark, New Jersey.


Premise: What is Sandra Laing's ethnicity?

Hypothesis: Sandra Laing is a South African woman who was classified as Coloured by authorities during the apartheid era, due to her skin colour and hair texture, although her parents could prove at least three generations of European ancestors.


Premise: Who was also executed on the day of William R. Tolbert's death?

Hypothesis: On April 12, 1980, a military coup led by Master Sergeant Samuel Doe of the Krahn ethnic group overthrew and killed President William R. Tolbert, Jr..


Premise: What is the name of the environmental charter school located in New Haven?

Hypothesis: New Haven is also home to two Achievement First charter schools, Amistad Academy and Elm City College Prep, and to Common Ground, an environmental charter school.


Premise: Who founded the Red Cross?

Hypothesis: The Geneva Convention, an important part of humanitarian international law, was largely the work of Henry Dunant, a reformed pietist.


Premise: Where is Pune Airport located?

Hypothesis: Bardufoss Airport , Bardufoss Air Station in Norway and Pune Airport in India are examples of this.


Premise: In modern day New Haven who makes up for majority of the demographics in terms of ethnicity?

Hypothesis: Today, roughly half the populations of East Haven, West Haven, and North Haven are Italian-American.


Premise: What kind of MP3 file sharing continues on?

Hypothesis: Unauthorized MP3 file sharing continues on next-generation peer-to-peer networks.


Premise: When was the first game of the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals?

Hypothesis: In May 2013, Microsoft launched a new television campaign for Windows 8 illustrating the capabilities and pricing of Windows 8 tablets in comparison to the iPad, which featured the voice of Siri remarking on the iPad's limitations in a parody of Apple's "Get a Mac" advertisements.


Premise: Who is the Commonwealth's monarch?

Hypothesis: The United Kingdom is now one of 16 Commonwealth nations, a grouping known informally as the Commonwealth realms, that share one monarch—Queen Elizabeth II.


Premise: What did the Sumerian deities form?

Hypothesis: Sumerian gods could thus have associations with different cities, and their religious importance often waxed and waned with those cities' political power.


Premise: What type of work did Paul Vi finish that had been started by two previous popes?

Hypothesis: In doing so, Paul VI saw himself following in the footsteps of the Apostle Paul, torn to several directions as Saint Paul, who said, "I am attracted to two sides at once, because the Cross always divides."


Premise: After what time did the Abbot of Monte Cassino send for Byzantine mosaicists?

Hypothesis: The Abbot of Monte Cassino, Desiderius sent envoys to Constantinople some time after 1066 to hire expert Byzantine mosaicists for the decoration of the rebuilt abbey church.


Premise: In what year did Mahbub ul Haq devise and launch the HDI?

Hypothesis: These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered policies".


Premise: What is the average amount lived on per day?

Hypothesis: The World Bank Tajikistan Policy Note 2006 concludes that remittances have played an important role as one of the drivers of Tajikistan's robust economic growth during the past several years, have increased incomes, and as a result helped significantly reduce poverty.


Premise: Species that aren't considered specialized are called what?

Hypothesis: Some predators specialize in certain classes of prey, not just single species.


Premise: How long did Napoleon stay in Moscow before leaving?

Hypothesis: In early November Napoleon got concerned about loss of control back in France after the Malet coup of 1812.


Premise: What shattered the unity of the Catholic Church?

Hypothesis: To add to the many problems of the period, the unity of the Catholic Church was shattered by the Western Schism.


Premise: In what country was Porter beer popular in 1721?

Hypothesis: The name Porter was first used in 1721 to describe a dark brown beer popular with the street and river porters of London.


Premise: Buddhism seeks to be neither pessimistic or optimistic, but what?

Hypothesis: As such, "suffering" is too narrow a translation with "negative emotional connotations"[web 9] that can give the impression that the Buddhist view is pessimistic, but Buddhism seeks to be neither pessimistic nor optimistic, but realistic.


Premise: How many Greek shipping companies were in operation in 2011?

Hypothesis: The 2011 ECSA report showed that there are approximately 750 Greek shipping companies in operation.


Premise: How do the English hunt foxes?

Hypothesis: Unarmed fox hunting on horseback with hounds is the type of hunting most closely associated with the United Kingdom; in fact, "hunting" without qualification implies fox hunting.


Premise: What Detroit gallery opened in 2010?

Hypothesis: In 2010, the G.R. N'Namdi Gallery opened in a 16,000-square-foot (1,500 m2) complex in Midtown.


Premise: What was the mosaic at Butrint designed to portray?

Hypothesis: The mosaic pavement of the Vrina Plain basilica of Butrint, Albania appear to pre-date that of the Baptistery by almost a generation, dating to the last quarter of the 5th or the first years of the 6th century.


Premise: How many works displayed at The Salon de la Section d'Or at the Galerie La Boétie in Paris, October 1912?

Hypothesis: The Salon de la Section d'Or at the Galerie La Boétie in Paris, October 1912, was arguably the most important pre-World War I Cubist exhibition; exposing Cubism to a wide audience.


Premise: How many articles were contained in the Great Green Charter on Human Rights in the Era of the Masses?

Hypothesis: Many of the measures suggested in the charter would be implemented the following year, although others remained inactive.


Premise: Which positions from the Canadian Supreme Court may also give assent if need be?

Hypothesis: If the Governor General of Canada is unable to give assent, it can be done by either the Deputy of the Governor General of Canada—the Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice of the Supreme Court of Canada.


Premise: On what date was the 2009 Human Development Report released?

Hypothesis: The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development".


Premise: What was the origin of Hindu philosophy?

Hypothesis: Hindu philosophy refers to a group of darśanas (philosophies, world views, teachings) that emerged in ancient India.


Premise: What did the war in 1714 mandate as the proper language in documentation?

Hypothesis: The Catalan defeat in the War of Spanish Succession (1714) initiated a series of measures imposing the use of Spanish in legal documentation.


Premise: How does the weight of uranium-238 compare to that of uranium-235?

Hypothesis: This leaves uranium-238 bonded to fluorine and allows uranium-235 metal to precipitate from the solution.


Premise: When was the first public group for Humanist founded?

Hypothesis: In 1929, Charles Francis Potter founded the First Humanist Society of New York whose advisory board included Julian Huxley, John Dewey, Albert Einstein and Thomas Mann.


Premise: What path was suggested as the right one for Margaret Thatcher's party by a speaker?

Hypothesis: Interrupting our pragmatist, she held the book up for all of us to see. '


Premise: How many lines of resolution were the European monochrome broadcasts?

Hypothesis: Colour broadcasts started at similarly higher resolutions, first with the US NTSC color system in 1953, which was compatible with the earlier monochrome systems and therefore had the same 525 lines of resolution.


Premise: What was the Close Encounters revisit called?

Hypothesis: Spielberg then revisited his Close Encounters project and, with financial backing from Columbia Pictures, released Close Encounters: The Special Edition in 1980.


Premise: Because all five were in the top ten of Billboard's charts, this made Idol what?

Hypothesis: All five of these albums reached the top ten in Billboard 200 which made then American Idol the most successful soundtrack franchise of any motion picture or television program.


Premise: What are considered to be the motherland of the Greeks ?

Hypothesis: The sea and trade were natural outlets for Greeks since the Greek peninsula is rocky and does not offer good prospects for agriculture.


Premise: What was the slogan for the Nintendo brand?

Hypothesis: In Europe and South America, however, the NES was outsold by Sega's Master System, while the Nintendo Entertainment System was not available in the Soviet Union.


Premise: When was the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall built?

Hypothesis: The Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall was built in 1985 to commemorate this event.


Premise: How many BDS-3 satellites have been launched?

Hypothesis: In-mid 2015, China started the build-up of the third generation BeiDou system (BDS-3) in the global coverage constellation.


Premise: Comparing brain sizes among different creatures is used most commonly by what?

Hypothesis: The most widely accepted way of comparing brain sizes across species is the so-called encephalization quotient (EQ), which takes into account the nonlinearity of the brain-to-body relationship.


Premise: What is the controversial N.S.A. program used in the U.S.?

Hypothesis: In the U.S., a controversial National Security Agency program known as PRISM provides for broad monitoring of Internet users traffic and has raised concerns about potential violation of the privacy protections in the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution.


Premise: What is the significance of Principia Mathematica currently?

Hypothesis: The former two books were aimed exclusively at professional mathematicians, while the latter book was intended for a larger audience, covering the history of mathematics and its philosophical foundations.


Premise: What is an example of a German encirclement battle?

Hypothesis: German tactics emphasised encirclement battles like Cannae and using artillery offensively whenever possible.


Premise: What has Sassou's regime attempted to censor?

Hypothesis: One French investigation found over 110 bank accounts and dozens of lavish properties in France; Sassou denounced embezzlement investigations as "racist" and "colonial".


Premise: Why did the mistranslation of szlachta come about?

Hypothesis: The szlachta included those almost rich and powerful enough to be magnates down to rascals with a noble lineage, no land, no castle, no money, no village, and no peasants.:xvi


Premise: What far-reaching result do scientists think has come about from symbiosis with bacteria?

Hypothesis: While historically, symbiosis has received less attention than other interactions such as predation or competition, it is increasingly recognized as an important selective force behind evolution, with many species having a long history of interdependent co-evolution.


Premise: To what does Casas Grandes translate in English?

Hypothesis: Between AD 300 and 1300 in the northern part of the state along the wide, fertile valley on the San Miguel River the Casas Grandes (Big Houses) culture developed into an advanced civilization.


Premise: What is the best known of the alpine plants?

Hypothesis: The plants that grow at the highest altitudes have adapted to conditions by specialization such as growing in rock screes that give protection from winds.


Premise: By what does St. Augustine of Hippo begin to define time?

Hypothesis: In Book 11 of his Confessions, St. Augustine of Hippo ruminates on the nature of time, asking, "What then is time?


Premise: There is a  high presence of what type of company in the city?

Hypothesis: The Route 128 corridor and Greater Boston continue to be a major center for venture capital investment, and high technology remains an important sector.


Premise: What sport does the most famous Namibian athlete participate in?

Hypothesis: Namibia is the home for one of the toughest footraces in the world, the Namibian ultra marathon.


Premise: When is ein diutscher first used?

Hypothesis: The process was gradual and lacked any clear definition, and the use of exonyms designating "the Germans" develops only during the High Middle Ages.


Premise: What is Avicenna's Book of Healing referred to in Arabic?

Hypothesis: Avicenna's legacy in classical psychology is primarily embodied in the Kitab al-nafs parts of his Kitab al-shifa (The Book of Healing) and Kitab al-najat (The Book of Deliverance).


Premise: Which countries signed ACTA?

Hypothesis: There are limitations and exceptions to copyright, allowing limited use of copyrighted works, which does not constitute infringement.


Premise: Other than the combination of its relations, what else defines an entity?

Hypothesis: It must be emphasized, however, that an entity is not merely a sum of its relations, but also a valuation of them and reaction to them.


Premise: What makes birds prone to parasites and pathogens?

Hypothesis: Predation can be heightened during migration: Eleonora's falcon Falco eleonorae, which breeds on Mediterranean islands, has a very late breeding season, coordinated with the autumn passage of southbound passerine migrants, which it feeds to its young.


Premise: When did the colonies declare independence?

Hypothesis: Ongoing political tensions between Great Britain and the thirteen colonies reached a crisis in 1774 when the British placed the province of Massachusetts under martial law after the Patriots protested taxes they regarded as a violation of their constitutional rights as Englishmen.


Premise: What phrase had replaced daylight saving time by 1911 as Willett's proposal evolved into draft legislation?

Hypothesis: In Britain, Willett's 1907 proposal used the term daylight saving, but by 1911 the term summer time replaced daylight saving time in draft legislation.


Premise: What trend led to the decrease of Estonia's GDP?

Hypothesis: In 2010, the economic situation stabilized and started a growth based on strong exports.


Premise: What term describes the status of the different branches of government in Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia?

Hypothesis: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia all kept the branches of government "separate and distinct."


Premise: What percentage of Nobel award winners from the United States in the 20th century have been Ashkenazi Jews?

Hypothesis: Ashkenazi Jews have won a large number of the Nobel awards.


Premise: What hobby is balsa wood often used for?

Hypothesis: There is a strong relationship between the properties of wood and the properties of the particular tree that yielded it.


Premise: In what year did the company that was to become IBM form?

Hypothesis: The company originated in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) through the consolidation of The Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, the Computing Scale Company and the Bundy Manufacturing Company.


Premise: Is the population density the highest or lowest of any Mexican state?

Hypothesis: During the period from 2000–2005 it is estimated that 49,722 people left the state for the United States.


Premise: Morphine was named after what Greek god?

Hypothesis: The first of these were local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid 1800s.


Premise: What famous encyclopedia contains a Russian back-transliteration of Estonian?

Hypothesis: Even in the Encyclopædia Britannica one can find "ostrov Khiuma", where "ostrov" means "island" in Russian and "Khiuma" is back-transliteration from Russian instead of "Hiiumaa" (Hiiumaa > Хийума(а) > Khiuma).


Premise: Where was the first movie projected for a paying audience in Paris?

Hypothesis: Many of Paris' concert/dance halls were transformed into movie theatres when the media became popular beginning in the 1930s.


Premise: About how much money did Napoleon's army take from Italy during the conflict there?

Hypothesis: All told, Napoleon's forces extracted an estimated $45 million in funds from Italy during their campaign there, another $12 million in precious metals and jewels; atop that, his forces confiscated more than three-hundred priceless paintings and sculptures.


Premise: When did Jenny Lind visit Chopin?

Hypothesis: At the end of November, Chopin returned to Paris.


Premise: What impact was Mackenzie said to have?

Hypothesis: The Daily Star had been launched in 1978 by Express Newspaper, and by 1981 had begun to affect sales of The Sun.


Premise: Under what federal statute are offenses punished by lethal injection?

Hypothesis: For offenses under the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988, the method of execution is lethal injection.


Premise: The Ottomans took which islands from the Venetians?

Hypothesis: The only part of the Greek-speaking world that escaped long-term Ottoman rule was the Ionian Islands, which remained Venetian until their capture by the First French Republic in 1797, then passed to the United Kingdom in 1809 until their unification with Greece in 1864.[page needed]


Premise: What is the name of the typeface family created for GE in 2014?

Hypothesis: In 2014, a second typeface family was introduced: GE Sans and Serif by Bold Monday created under art direction by Wolff Olins.


Premise: Which wood has lignin that comes primarily from one type of alcohol?

Hypothesis: Softwood lignin is mainly derived from coniferyl alcohol.


Premise: What is the name of the main health care facility in Guam?

Hypothesis: The Government of Guam maintains the island's main health care facility, Guam Memorial Hospital, in Tamuning.


Premise: Were the European empires satisfied or unsatisfied by the Treaty of Nanjing?

Hypothesis: The Western powers, largely unsatisfied with the Treaty of Nanjing, gave grudging support to the Qing government during the Taiping and Nian Rebellions.


Premise: When was the Silurian period believed to have begun?

Hypothesis: During the Silurian, Gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes, but there is evidence that the Silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late Ordovician glaciation.


Premise: Who was President of the Christian Unity Secretariat?

Hypothesis: Bea also was strongly involved in the passage of Nostra aetate, which regulates the Church's relations with the Jewish faith and members of other religions.[d]


Premise: On what date was Maru Satal destroyed?

Hypothesis: The structure collapsed during the major earthquake on 25 April 2015.


Premise: Who was the first leader of a unified Greece?

Hypothesis: Both Athens and Sparta were later overshadowed by Thebes and eventually Macedon, with the latter uniting the Greek world in the League of Corinth (also known as the Hellenic League or Greek League) under the guidance of Phillip II, who was elected leader of the first unified Greek state in history.


Premise: In what year was Tito's funeral?

Hypothesis: After the Tito–Stalin split of 1948 and his inauguration as president in 1953, Tito rarely wore his uniform except when present in a military function, and then (with rare exception) only wore his Yugoslav ribbons for obvious practical reasons.


Premise: What nation lies to the west of the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: The country consists of a total of 29 atolls and five isolated islands.


Premise: What did the state's policy violate?

Hypothesis: In Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause.


Premise: What record amount of TEUs did Piraeus handle in 2013?

Hypothesis: In 2013, Piraeus handled a record 3.16 million TEUs, the third-largest figure in the Mediterranean, of which 2.52 million were transported through Pier II, owned by COSCO and 644,000 were transported through Pier I, owned by the Greek state.


Premise: How many polytechnics are there in Singapore?

Hypothesis: There are 5 polytechnics in Singapore.


Premise: About how many American juveniles have been executed since 1642?

Hypothesis: Since 1642 (in the 13 colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the current United States) an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the states and the federal government.


Premise: How is the stimulus interpreted by the mind?

Hypothesis: An emotion-evoking stimulus (snake) triggers a pattern of physiological response (increased heart rate, faster breathing, etc.), which is interpreted as a particular emotion (fear).


Premise: What states that EU Member States must ensure that the origin of electricity produced from renewables can be guaranteed?

Hypothesis: The driving force behind voluntary green electricity within the EU are the liberalized electricity markets and the RES Directive.


Premise: How fast was the slowest data transfer rate of the USB 1.0?

Hypothesis: The 12 Mbit/s data rate was intended for higher-speed devices such as disk drives, and the lower 1.5 Mbit/s rate for low data rate devices such as joysticks.


Premise: What are machines that operate with no contact to the outside world called?

Hypothesis: Even machines that operate as a closed system (i.e., with no contact to the outside world) can be eavesdropped upon via monitoring the faint electro-magnetic transmissions generated by the hardware; TEMPEST is a specification by the NSA referring to these attacks.


Premise: Hydraulic elevators can reach speeds up to 1m/s or how many feet per minute?

Hypothesis: Generally passenger elevators in buildings of eight floors or fewer are hydraulic or electric, which can reach speeds up


Premise: How many ships were destroyed on May 8, 1941?

Hypothesis: On 8 May 1941, 57 ships were destroyed, sunk or damaged amounting to 80,000 long tons (81,000 t).


Premise: What would happen during the commencement of a dictator's term?

Hypothesis: When the dictator's term ended, constitutional government would be restored.


Premise: Per Blankens, Jesse Ignjatovic, and Evan Pragger replaced which two executives?

Hypothesis: Bill DeRonde replaced Warwick as a director of the audition episodes, while Louis J. Horvitz replaced Gregg Gelfand as a director of the show.


Premise: In what year did the Port of New York and New Jersey deal with unprecedented cargo volume?

Hypothesis: In 2012, New York City topped the first Global Economic Power Index, published by The Atlantic (to be differentiated from a namesake list published by the Martin Prosperity Institute), with cities ranked according to criteria reflecting their presence on similar lists as published by other entities.