Premise: When was the LEO 1 computer first operational?

Hypothesis: The Mark 1 in turn quickly became the prototype for the Ferranti Mark 1, the world's first commercially available general-purpose computer.


Premise: What overabundance of themes did Kanye criticize early in his career?

Hypothesis: Rosie Swash of The Guardian viewed the sales competition as a historical moment in hip-hop, because it "highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties, while West was the thinking man's alternative."


Premise: When did the implementers receive a Nobel Prize for making the transistor?

Hypothesis: The transistor is on the list of IEEE milestones in electronics, and Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for their achievement.


Premise: What is the Order of Preachers known for?

Hypothesis: Founded to preach the Gospel and to combat heresy, the teaching activity of the order and its scholastic organization placed the Preachers in the forefront of the intellectual life of the Middle Ages.


Premise: Which Spielberg films are examples of a childlike sense of wonder?

Hypothesis: A strong consistent theme in his family-friendly work is a childlike, even naïve, sense of wonder and faith, as attested by works such as Close Encounters of the Third Kind, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Hook, A.I. Artificial Intelligence and The BFG.


Premise: How did profit prospects for businesses look in November 2008 compared to November 2007?

Hypothesis: Profit prospects look much worse in November 2008 than they did in November 2007...


Premise: How much did advertisers spend for a 30 second ad spot during American Idol in 2014?

Hypothesis: By 2014, ad revenue from had fallen to $427 million where a 30-second spot went for less than $300,000.


Premise: Where is the China Tibetology Research Center located?

Hypothesis: Chen Qingying, Professor of History and Director of the History Studies Institute under the China Tibetology Research Center in Beijing, writes that the Ming court conferred new official positions on ex-Yuan Tibetan leaders of the Phachu Kargyu and granted them lower-ranking positions.


Premise: What unit did Eisenhower serve with at Camp Meade?

Hypothesis: He commanded a unit that trained tank crews at Camp Colt – his first command – at the site of "Pickett's Charge" on the Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Civil War battleground.


Premise: About how many Libyans died in Operation El Dorado Canyon?

Hypothesis: After the U.S. accused Libya of orchestrating the 1986 Berlin discotheque bombing, in which two American soldiers died, Reagan decided to retaliate militarily.


Premise: What doesn't sugar change the effect of pain on?

Hypothesis: It does not moderate the effect of pain on heart rate and a recent single study found that sugar did not significantly affect pain-related electrical activity in the brains of newborns one second after the heel lance procedure.


Premise: What are the terms "Early Modern" and "Modern Ages" used for i other countries?

Hypothesis: to distinguish the time between what we call Middle Ages and time of the late Enlightenment (1800) (when the meaning of the term Modern Ages was developing its contemporary form).


Premise: How many instrumental works did Chopin give a descriptive name to?

Hypothesis: The Funeral March, the third movement of his Sonata No. 2 (Op. 35), the one case where he did give a title, was written before the rest of the sonata, but no specific event or death is known to have inspired it.


Premise: What certification did Cry Like a Rainstorm, Howl Like the Wind receive?

Hypothesis: The album was certified Triple Platinum in the United States alone and became a major success throughout the globe.


Hypothesis: In usage in other parts of the world, such as in Asia, and in Muslim countries, the terms are applied in a very different way, but often in the context with their contact with European culture in the Age of Discovery.


Premise: As of 2000, how many people lived in Ceilândia?

Hypothesis: The satellite cities served are more populated in total than the Plano Piloto itself (the census of 2000 indicated that Ceilândia had 344,039 inhabitants, Taguatinga had 243,575, whereas the Plano Piloto had approximately 400,000 inhabitants), and most residents of the satellite cities depend on public transportation.


Premise: What german word does the term szlachta come from?

Hypothesis: The term szlachta is derived from the Old High German word slahta (modern German Geschlecht), which means "(noble) family", much as many other Polish words pertaining to the nobility derive from German words—e.g.


Premise: Why were vegetal green dyes less than ideal?

Hypothesis: Unfortunately for those who wanted or were required to wear green, there were no good vegetal green dyes which resisted washing and sunlight.


Premise: Who was the Polish-British founder of Anthropology?

Hypothesis: The school of thought derived from Marx and known as Political Economy focuses on production, in contrast.


Premise: Where did Bell's father go to recover from illness?

Hypothesis: Acting decisively, Alexander Melville Bell asked Bell to arrange for the sale of all the family property,[N 8] conclude all of his brother's affairs (Bell took over his last student, curing a pronounced lisp), and join his father and mother in setting out for the "New World".


Premise: The somerset level is the only area left  to commercially grow what

Hypothesis: The Somerset Levels is now the only area in the UK where basket willow is grown commercially.


Premise: Which media source said Schwarzenegger was trying to deal with rumors that he might run for governor of California?

Hypothesis: In an interview with Talk magazine in late 1999, Schwarzenegger was asked if he thought of running for office.


Premise: What affects the number of ions in a gauge?

Hypothesis: The principle behind cold cathode version is the same, except that electrons are produced in a discharge created by a high voltage electrical discharge.


Premise: What two cities in Turkey acquired institutes of technology in the 1950s?

Hypothesis: In 1950s, 2 technical universities were opened in Ankara and Trabzon.


Premise: How do the larvae of the parasitoid wasps kill their prey?

Hypothesis: Like the previous two classifications parasitoid predators do not kill their hosts instantly.


Premise: What two addtional types of birds are listed in teh Encyclopedia Britanica as poultry?

Hypothesis: In R. D. Crawford's Poultry breeding and genetics, squabs are omitted but Japanese quail and common pheasant are added to the list, the latter frequently being bred in captivity and released into the wild.


Premise: What Allied command replaced the British India Command in August, 1943?

Hypothesis: In August 1943 the Allies formed a new South East Asia Command (SEAC) to take over strategic responsibilities for Burma and India from the British India Command, under Wavell.


Premise: Which US president became the first to receive over 80 percent of NYC votes?

Hypothesis: As of November 2008, 67% of registered voters in the city are Democrats.


Premise: Which team in 1999 had a line-up for starting that was consisted of all foreign players?

Hypothesis: At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93, just eleven players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches hailed from outside of the United Kingdom or Ireland.


Premise: What area is directly north and south of the 38th parallel?

Hypothesis: The Demilitarized Zone runs northeast of the 38th parallel; to the south, it travels west.


Premise: How fast did the 1912 tornado outbreak make tornadoes?

Hypothesis: Because of Oklahoma's position between zones of differing prevailing temperature and winds, weather patterns within the state can vary widely over relatively short distances and can change drastically in a short time.


Premise: How many kilocalories of energy per gram is dietary fiber able to produce when successfully metabolized?

Hypothesis: Dietary fiber consists mainly of cellulose, a large carbohydrate polymer which is indigestible as humans do not have the required enzymes to disassemble it.


Premise: What led to the banning of the Remonstrant faith in 1618?

Hypothesis: In 1618 the Synod of Dort tackled this issue, which led to the banning of the Remonstrant faith.


Premise: What type of energy production as many companies been investing in recent years?

Hypothesis: In recent years many local and foreign companies have been investing in renewable energy sources.[citation needed]


Premise: What did the Libyan workers do to show their support of Egypt?

Hypothesis: Arab nationalism was increasingly popular, and protests flared up following Egypt's 1967 defeat in the Six-Day War with Israel; allied to the western powers, Idris' administration was seen as pro-Israeli. Anti-western riots broke out in Tripoli and Benghazi, while Libyan workers shut down oil terminals in solidarity with Egypt.


Premise: What was the last to be under an International Trusteeship System?

Hypothesis: the last to be under an International Trusteeship System".


Premise: When were the first results of the energy explorations expected?

Hypothesis: The Ministry of the Environment, Energy and Climate Change announced that there was interest from various countries (including Norway and the United States) in exploration, and the first results regarding the amount of oil and gas in these locations were expected in the summer of 2012.


Premise: What is a name for a type of rock music that is extremely varied in sound?

Hypothesis: Post-punk is a heterogeneous type of rock music that emerged in the wake of the punk movement of the 1970s.


Premise: When did an investigation occur under school casualties?

Hypothesis: Details of school casualties had been under non-governmental investigation since December 2008 by volunteers including artist and architect Ai Weiwei, who had been constantly posting updates on his blog since March 2009.


Premise: What marked the start of a new and sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period?

Hypothesis: In 1734, the Afar leader Kedafu, head of the Mudaito clan, seized power and established the Mudaito Dynasty.


Premise: What day did Queen Victoria celebrate her Golden Jubilee at a dinner with kings and queens from other nations?

Hypothesis: Equerry Frederick Ponsonby (the son of Sir Henry) discovered that the Munshi had lied about his parentage, and reported to Lord Elgin, Viceroy of India, "the Munshi occupies very much the same position as John Brown used to do.


Premise: How many contestants did this season have?

Hypothesis: It was also the first time that the judges' "save" was not used, the top four contestants were therefore given an extra week to perform again with their votes carried over with no elimination in the first week.


Premise: On which date were Tennessee's elected representatives restored to their offices in Washington D.C.?

Hypothesis: Because Tennessee had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment, it was the only one of the formerly secessionist states that did not have a military governor during the Reconstruction period.


Premise: The Roman Catholic Church considers Protestant denominations to be what?

Hypothesis: According to Bishop Hilarion (Alfeyev) the Eastern Orthodox Church shares the same view on the subject.


Premise: What was the purpose of the Kinsale Road flyover?

Hypothesis: The Kinsale Road flyover opened in August 2006 to remove a bottleneck for traffic heading to Cork Airport or Killarney.


Premise: Where was the capital before Ali changed it?

Hypothesis: After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph.


Premise: In the 1997-98 season how many new teams had to go back to the Football League?

Hypothesis: In 1997–98 all three promoted clubs were relegated at the end of the season.


Premise: Who led the British militia to drive the French out of Fort Duquesne?

Hypothesis: Peaceful British attempts to halt this fort construction were unsuccessful, and the French proceeded to build the fort they named Fort Duquesne.


Premise: Who lived at Buckingham Palace during WWI?

Hypothesis: The King imposed rationing at the palace, much to the dismay of his guests and household.


Premise: What doctrine was overturned by Mabo v Queensland establishing the concept of native title?

Hypothesis: Such treaties between colonizers and indigenous peoples are an important part of political discourse in the late 20th and early 21st century, the treaties being discussed have international standing as has been stated in a treaty study by the UN.


Premise: What range do area defence systems have?

Hypothesis: Area defence systems have medium to long range and can be made up of various other systems and networked into an area defence system (in which case it may be made up of several short range systems combined to effectively cover an area).


Premise: What is the average high North Carolina coastal temperature on the plains in the summer?

Hypothesis: The climate of the coastal plain is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean, which keeps conditions mild in winter and moderate, although humid, in summer.


Premise: During what era was The Defence Research and Development Organisation founded?

Hypothesis: From the 1950s to the 1970s, Indian enterprises, such as Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC), National Mineral Development Corporation


Premise: How many banks does London operate overseas?

Hypothesis: London's largest industry is finance, and its financial exports make it a large contributor to the UK's balance of payments.


Premise: How many number one DVD's has Queen released?

Hypothesis: In 2009, "We Will Rock You" and "We Are the Champions" were inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, and the latter was voted the world's favourite song in a global music poll.


Premise: Why do some countries display numbers in chunks of two to four numbers?

Hypothesis: This may be reflected in some countries in the tendency to display telephone numbers as several chunks of two to four numbers.


Premise: What type of Buddhism is Tibeto-Mongolian based on?

Hypothesis: Though based upon Mahayana, Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana or "Diamond Vehicle" (also referred to as Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism, or esoteric Buddhism).


Premise: How do archaeologists know about Sumerian agricultural practices?

Hypothesis: As is known from the "Sumerian Farmer's Almanac", after the flood season and after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu or New Year Festival, using the canals, farmers would flood their fields and then drain the water.


Premise: What classic song did Blue Cheer cover?

Hypothesis: Groups that emerged from the American psychedelic scene about the same time included Iron Butterfly, MC5, Blue Cheer and Vanilla Fudge.


Premise: What military thread did the CAF protect against in Europe?

Hypothesis: During the Cold War, a principal focus of Canadian defence policy was contributing to the security of Europe in the face of the Soviet military threat.


Premise: What year did Michael Dell bring in Lee Walker to the company?

Hypothesis: In 1986, Michael Dell brought in Lee Walker, a 51-year-old venture capitalist, as president and chief operating officer, to serve as Michael's mentor and implement Michael's ideas for growing the company.


Premise: Did they have daily quotas for cotton?

Hypothesis: This process is repeated in spring, when collected cotton needs to be hoed and weeded.


Premise: How can users utilize the Kinect to interact with their 360 consoles?

Hypothesis: The add-on peripheral enables users to control and interact with the Xbox 360 without a game controller by using gestures, spoken commands and presented objects and images.


Premise: Sound production is achieved using what muscular chamber?

Hypothesis: Sound production is achieved using the syrinx, a muscular chamber incorporating multiple tympanic membranes which diverges from the lower end of the trachea; the trachea being elongated in some species, increasing the volume of vocalizations and the perception of the bird's size.


Premise: What was the original meaning of ta'wil?

Hypothesis: But this explanation has become so widespread that, at present, it has become the primary meaning of ta'wil, which originally meant "to return" or "the returning place".


Premise: On what frequencies is an orange peel effect most noticeable?

Hypothesis: As this "orange peel" originates in the master rather than being introduced in the pressing stage, there is no ill effect as there is no physical distortion of the groove.


Premise: What was presented at the ELEXCON fair in 2009?

Hypothesis: The price of the terminals was explained as being due to the cost of imported microchips.


Premise: Who invaded Armenia in 1920?

Hypothesis: In 1991, Armenia declared independence from the USSR and established the second Republic of Armenia.


Premise: Polyphonic music included more complex voicing of what?

Hypothesis: Polyphonic (multi-voiced) music developed from monophonic chant throughout the late Middle Ages and into the Renaissance, including the more complex voicings of motets.


Premise: What is the U.S.'s largest museum complex?

Hypothesis: Important history of America and the Detroit area are exhibited at The Henry Ford in Dearborn, the United States' largest indoor-outdoor museum complex.


Premise: In what stage is youth overwhelmed by feelings of inner turmoil regarding their sexual orientation?

Hypothesis: The second stage, identity confusion, tends to occur a few years later.


Premise: What book inspired the renovation of Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: One of the most popular of all French writers, Jules Verne, worked at the Theatre Lyrique and the Paris stock exchange, while he did research for his stories at the National Library.


Premise: What is the largest University in the city

Hypothesis: The university is partially based in the inner city as well as in the Uithof campus area, to the east of the city.


Premise: What is the name of the London merchant who co-led this founding group?

Hypothesis: These settlers were hoping to establish a (in their mind) better theological community, with the government more closely linked to the church than the one they left in Massachusetts and sought to take advantage of the excellent port capabilities of the harbor.


Premise: Where have early Paleo -Indian tools been found?

Hypothesis: American hunter-gatherers were spread over a wide geographical area, thus there were regional variations in lifestyles.


Premise: Insect sounds come from what kind of action?

Hypothesis: Some insects, such as the Helicoverpa zeamoths, hawk moths and Hedylid butterflies, can hear ultrasound and take evasive action when they sense that they have been detected by bats.


Premise: What percent of the Aboriginal population of North America was killed in the first hundred years after first contact by smallpox and measles?

Hypothesis: Contact with European diseases such as smallpox and measles killed between 50 and 67 per cent of the Aboriginal population of North America in the first hundred years after the arrival of Europeans.


Premise: What article did Thomas Edward Gordon publish?

Hypothesis: In 1900 Thomas Edward Gordon published an article, The Problem of the Middle East, which began:


Premise: What did Aung San Suu Kyi become a part of in Burma ?

Hypothesis: On 13 April 2012 British Prime Minister David Cameron called for the economic sanctions on Myanmar to be suspended in the wake of the pro-democracy party gaining 43 seats out of a possible 45 in the 2012 by-elections with the party leader, Aung San Suu Kyi becoming a member of the Burmese parliament.


Premise: Reform Judaism originated among what type of Jew?

Hypothesis: These times include, for example, when two Jews of different ethnic background marry, when a non-Jew converts to Judaism and determines what customs to follow for the first time, or when a lapsed or less observant Jew returns to traditional Judaism and must determine what was done in his or her family's past.


Premise: Who shares power in Northern Ireland?

Hypothesis: (In the context of Northern Ireland, unionists are those who want Northern Ireland to remain a part of the United Kingdom and nationalists are those who want Northern Ireland join with the rest of Ireland.)


Premise: Who belonged to these proliferating organizations?

Hypothesis: The major theorists belonged to these organizations.


Premise: What percentage did the unemployment rate reach in December, 2009?

Hypothesis: In July 2011, ratings agency Moody's downgraded its long-term credit assessment of Portugal after warning of deteriorating risk of default in March 2011.


Premise: What motivates an external drum brake held open electrically?

Hypothesis: This brake is usually an external drum type and is actuated by spring force and held open electrically; a power failure will cause the brake to engage and prevent the elevator from falling (see inherent safety and safety engineering).


Premise: Whom did the Prime Minister of England choose as secretary of state?

Hypothesis: After winning the United Kingdom general election, 1979, Margaret Thatcher appointed Keith Joseph, the director of the Hayekian Centre for Policy Studies, as her secretary of state for industry in an effort to redirect parliament's economic strategies.


Premise: Which prominent journalist was victim of the killings?

Hypothesis: Galicia was spared the worst of the fighting in that war: it was one of the areas where the initial coup attempt at the outset of the war was successful, and it remained in Nationalist (Franco's army's) hands throughout the war.


Premise: Who started Mitsubishi?

Hypothesis: For example, Iwasaki Yatarō, who was the great-grandson of a samurai, established Mitsubishi.


Premise: What Museum has a vase with an image of an episkyros player?

Hypothesis: As with pre-codified "mob football", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia.


Premise: How many people attended the Youth for Christ rally?

Hypothesis: On September 8, The first "Youth for Christ" rally since 1933 took place held in Lviv, with 40,000 participants.


Premise: How many free-to-air television stations service Greater Melbourne and Geelong?

Hypothesis: Six free-to-air television stations service Greater Melbourne and Geelong


Premise: Kathmandu valley contains art made of metal, terracotta, wood and what other substance?

Hypothesis: Most art is in the form of icons of gods and goddesses.


Premise: What caused a dramatic shift in Italian sentiment toward the war?

Hypothesis: When the war had begun, European public opinion heavily favored the Germans; many Italians attempted to sign up as volunteers at the Prussian embassy in Florence and a Prussian diplomat visited Giuseppe Garibaldi in Caprera.


Premise: In what type of religion are canon laws applicable?

Hypothesis: In all three traditions, a canon was originally a rule adopted by a church council; these canons formed the foundation of canon law.


Premise: What characteristics did samurais want their wives to have?

Hypothesis: Too much love and affection was also said to indulge and spoil the youngsters.


Premise: Who did Alexander apoint to govern Armenia?

Hypothesis: Orontid Armenia formally passed to empire of Alexander the Great following his conquest of Persia.


Premise: Who succeeded the Taira clan?

Hypothesis: He eventually seized control of the central government, establishing the first samurai-dominated government and relegating the Emperor to figurehead status.


Premise: Who gave Popper its Humanist Laureate Award?

Hypothesis: He received the Humanist Laureate Award from the International Academy of Humanism.


Premise: What percentage of the economy does agriculture comprise?

Hypothesis: Its economy mainly comprises the service sector (85.0%) and industry (12.0%), while agriculture makes up 3.0% of the national economic output.


Premise: How far away can the S-400 detect a target?

Hypothesis: The newest SAM's have a claimed ability to be able to detect and engage stealth targets, with the most notable being the S-400, which is claimed to be able to detect a target with a 0.05 meter squared RCS from 90 km away.


Premise: What is the name of the core guide for pharmacists and clinicians?

Hypothesis: Then it is the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), for England and Wales, who decides if and how the National Health Service (NHS) will allow (in the sense of paying for) their use.


Premise: Roughly how many people are part of EmoNet?

Hypothesis: In the field of communication sciences, critical organizational scholars have examined the role of emotions in organizations, from the perspectives of managers, employees, and even customers.


Premise: What was the average vertical slip in the Beichaun Fault?

Hypothesis: In the epicentral area, the average slip in Beichuan Fault was about 3.5 metres (11 ft) vertical, 3.5 metres (11 ft) horizontal-parallel to the fault, and 4.8 metres (16 ft) horizontal-perpendicular to the fault.


Premise: When did Congress give the CAA the task of administering the federal-air airport program?

Hypothesis: In 1946, meanwhile, Congress gave CAA the added task of administering the federal-aid airport program, the first peacetime program of financial assistance aimed exclusively at promoting development of the nation's civil airports.


Premise: What temperatures did the organic deposits need to form bitumen over the eons?

Hypothesis: They were covered by mud, buried deeply over the eons, and gently cooked into oil by geothermal heat at a temperature of 50 to 150 °C (120 to 300 °F).


Premise: Where was Calvin criticized?

Hypothesis: These separatist and independent strands of Puritanism became prominent in the 1640s, when the supporters of a Presbyterian polity in the Westminster Assembly were unable to forge a new English national church.


Premise: Why did Hitler feel the Luftwaffe was unsuccessful in bombing raids?

Hypothesis: Adolf Hitler failed to pay as much attention to bombing the enemy as he did to protection from enemy bombing, although he had promoted the development of a bomber force in the 1930s and understood that it was possible to use bombers for major strategic purposes.


Premise: What year did the Carnival start in Haiti?

Hypothesis: Carnival in Haiti started in 1804 in the capital Port-au-Prince after the declaration of independence.


Premise: Which theory proposes that adults and adolescents both weigh the potential rewards and consequences of an action?

Hypothesis: In addressing this question, it is important to distinguish whether adolescents are more likely to engage in risky behaviors (prevalence), whether they make risk-related decisions similarly or differently than adults (cognitive processing perspective), or whether they use the same processes but value different things and thus arrive at different conclusions.


Premise: What is the citys PBS station?

Hypothesis: The city is also home to PBS station WGBH-TV, a major producer of PBS programs, which also operates WGBX.


Premise: The US Supreme Court ruled that treaties can be repealed or modified by what for the purposes of US law?

Hypothesis: The Supreme Court ruled in the Head Money Cases that "treaties" do not have a privileged position over Acts of Congress and can be repealed or modified (for the purposes of U.S. law) by any subsequent Act of Congress, just like with any other regular law.


Premise: What is the name of the busiest airport in Montana?

Hypothesis: Eight smaller communities have airports designated for commercial service under the Essential Air Service program.


Premise: How did two of Nasser's top aids respond to the new measures?

Hypothesis: Nasser also attempted to maintain oversight of the country's civil service to prevent it from inflating and consequently becoming a burden to the state.


Premise: What type of cells have a huge role in brain metabolism?

Hypothesis: All vertebrates have a blood–brain barrier that allows metabolism inside the brain to operate differently from metabolism in other parts of the body.


Premise: When was tyrothricin created?

Hypothesis: It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating wounds and ulcers during World War II.


Premise: What came as an expense of live singing?

Hypothesis: He added, "Artists like Madonna and Janet Jackson set new standards for showmanship, with concerts that included not only elaborate costumes and precision-timed pyrotechnics but also highly athletic dancing.


Premise: When did Britain encourage immigration of workers?

Hypothesis: The preferred official umbrella term is "black and minority ethnic" (BME), but sometimes the term "black" is used on its own, to express unified opposition to racism, as in the Southall Black Sisters, which started with a mainly British Asian constituency, and the National Black Police Association, which has a membership of "African, African-Caribbean and Asian origin".


Premise: What is the purpose of tax shifting?

Hypothesis: Several Western European countries are already shifting taxes in a process known there as environmental tax reform.


Premise: In what year did the Turks conquer Constantinople?

Hypothesis: Depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1492, the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks in 1453, or the Protestant Reformation in 1517 are sometimes used.


Premise: Which single in the album made it to the UK number one?

Hypothesis: In 2003, Slant Magazine called it "one of the great pop masterpieces of the '90s" and Rolling Stone listed it among "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time".


Premise: What date marked the first law restricting greenhouse gas emissions?

Hypothesis: On September 27, 2006 Schwarzenegger signed a bill creating the nation's first cap on greenhouse gas emissions.


Premise: What did these attacks accomplish?

Hypothesis: These attacks produced some breaks in morale, with civil leaders fleeing the cities before the offensive reached its height.


Premise: What is the charge for recycling in Switzerland?

Hypothesis: In many places in Switzerland, household rubbish disposal is charged for.


Premise: What became the main source of law with increasing Islamic influence in Egypt?

Hypothesis: Egypt emerged as a centre of politics and culture in the Muslim world.


Premise: When was the Greek state of modern times birthed into exsistence ?

Hypothesis: The modern Greek state was created in 1829, when the Greeks liberated a part of their historic homelands, Peloponnese, from the Ottoman Empire.


Premise: Who succeeded Nasser?

Hypothesis: Sadat switched Egypt's Cold War allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States, expelling Soviet advisors in 1972.


Premise: What is the ancestry of the Chinese population in Guinea-Bissau?

Hypothesis: These include traders and merchants of mixed Portuguese and Chinese ancestry from Macau, a former Asian Portuguese colony.


Premise: What is the zinc equivalent of the Grinard reaction?

Hypothesis: In presence of just about any water the formation of the organomagnesium halide will fail, whereas the Barbier reaction can even take place in water.


Premise: What should be used when using ancestry to make inferences about individual phenotypes?

Hypothesis: They found that many thousands of genetic markers had to be used in order for the answer to the question "How often is a pair of individuals from one population genetically more dissimilar than two individuals chosen from two different populations?


Premise: In what year was an England football match aired only via the internet for the first time?

Hypothesis: This one-off event was the first time an England game had been screened in such a way.


Premise: Which British ministers disagreed with Burke's Reflections?

Hypothesis: Fellow Whig MPs Richard Sheridan and Charles James Fox, disagreed with Burke and split with him.


Premise: Besides Carnival, what other major cruise line parks its record-breaking cruise ships in Southampton Water?

Hypothesis: Many of the world's largest cruise ships can regularly be seen in Southampton water, including record-breaking vessels from Royal Caribbean and Carnival Corporation & plc.


Premise: What was the total undergrad tuition for the 2012/2013 school year?

Hypothesis: The University processed in excess of $472 million in financial aid for the 2009–2010 academic year.


Premise: What are cytokinins responsible for in plants?

Hypothesis: They are involved in the promotion of germination and dormancy-breaking in seeds, in regulation of plant height by controlling stem elongation and the control of flowering.


Premise: What types of crafts can be purchased at Vernissage?

Hypothesis: The market offers woodcarving, antiques, fine lace, and the hand-knotted wool carpets and kilims that are a Caucasus specialty.


Premise: What do special referees have the ability to do?

Hypothesis: Special guest referees may be used from time to time; by virtue of their celebrity status, they are often scripted to dispense with the appearance of neutrality and use their influence to unfairly influence the outcome of the match for added dramatic impact.


Premise: Most of the processes of the autonomic nervous system are called what?

Hypothesis: Most of its functions are not under direct voluntary control.


Premise: When did the construction of exuberant houses slow down?

Hypothesis: The craze to build the most opulent residence possible reached its height in the last half of the 18th century.


Premise: What was the purpose of the Shengyang meeting?

Hypothesis: The situation became so serious that, on November 1951, Zhou Enlai called a conference in Shenyang to discuss the PVA's logistical problems.


Premise: In 1991 what money issue of the Queen was a feature of public criticism?

Hypothesis: By the start of 1991, republican feeling in Britain had risen because of press estimates of the Queen's private wealth—which were contradicted by the Palace—and reports of affairs and strained marriages among her extended family.


Premise: Who was the last Hasmonean ruler?

Hypothesis: The last Hasmonean ruler, Antigonus II Mattathias, was captured by Herod and executed in 37 BCE.


Premise: Where are other Non-native Christian communities found?

Hypothesis: Other native Egyptian Christians are adherents of the Coptic Catholic Church, the Evangelical Church of Egypt and various other Protestant denominations. Non-native Christian communities are largely found in the urban regions of Cairo and Alexandria, such as the Syro-Lebanese, who belong to Greek Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and Maronite Catholic denominations.


Premise: Which disease in particular caused the Aboriginal population to continue a decline?

Hypothesis: The Aboriginal population continued to decline with an estimated 80% total decrease by 1863, due primarily to introduced diseases, particularly smallpox, frontier violence and dispossession from their lands.


Premise: When did Victoria turn 18?

Hypothesis: Victoria turned 18 on 24 May 1837, and a regency was avoided.


Premise: What Libyan government official allegedly plotted to kill Gaddafi in 1978?

Hypothesis: In February 1978, Gaddafi discovered that his head of military intelligence was plotting to kill him, and began to increasingly entrust security to his Qaddadfa tribe.


Premise: What was considered a compelling way to defame poltical rivals?

Hypothesis: Even Cato the Younger was known to be a heavy drinker.[citation needed]


Premise: Which gender generally drive partner selection?:

Hypothesis: Females are generally the ones that drive partner selection, although in the polyandrous phalaropes, this is reversed: plainer males choose brightly coloured females.


Premise: The vaulted undercroft beneath the monks' dormitory has been a museum since when?

Hypothesis: The Westminster Abbey Museum is located in the 11th-century vaulted undercroft beneath the former monks' dormitory in Westminster Abbey.


Premise: Who describes adolescence as the stage of life in which the individual's thoughts start taking more of an abstract form?

Hypothesis: Piaget describes adolescence as the stage of life in which the individual's thoughts start taking more of an abstract form and the egocentric thoughts decrease.


Premise: Procopius' contemporary Jordanes referred to the Slavs in what language?

Hypothesis: In the 6th century AD Procopius, writing in Byzantine Greek, refers to the Σκλάβοι Sklaboi, Σκλαβηνοί Sklabēnoi, Σκλαυηνοί Sklauenoi, Σθλαβηνοί Sthlabenoi, or Σκλαβῖνοι Sklabinoi, while his contemporary Jordanes refers to the Sclaveni in Latin.


Premise: Who was the leader of the East Prussian Nazi Party?

Hypothesis: The Communist politician Gustav Sauf was killed; the executive editor of the Social Democrat "Königsberger Volkszeitung", Otto Wyrgatsch, and the German People's Party politician Max von Bahrfeldt were severely injured.


Premise: What station did Mike Marino work for in 1997?

Hypothesis: In 1997, Mike Marino of KMXB in Las Vegas described the format as reaching "an audience that has outgrown the edgier hip-hop or alternative music but hasn't gotten old and sappy enough for the soft ACs."


Premise: What did the banks chose to do with the money created by the Federal Reserve instead of financing more domestic loans and refinancing mortgages?

Hypothesis: However, banks instead were spending the money in more profitable areas by investing internationally in emerging markets.


Premise: What is the most recent era of Latin canon law?

Hypothesis: The history of Latin canon law can be divided into four periods: the jus antiquum, the jus novum, the jus novissimum and the Code of Canon Law.


Premise: What is limited by the ignorance of humanity?

Hypothesis: On this analysis, species takes the place of price as a visible element of the system formed by a complex set of largely unknowable elements.


Premise: What does using race as a category within the law legitimize?

Hypothesis: Haney López warns that using "race" as a category within the law tends to legitimize its existence in the popular imagination.


Premise: When did Alexander die and Ptolemy assume his position?

Hypothesis: Ptolemy, a somatophylax, one of the seven bodyguards who served as Alexander the Great's generals and deputies, was appointed satrap of Egypt after Alexander's death in 323 BC.


Premise: What does EMALS stand for?

Hypothesis: The navy also evaluated the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS), which is being used by the US Navy in their latest Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carriers.


Premise: Who is the current team manager of England's football team?

Hypothesis: The England national football team represents England and the Crown Dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man for football matches as part of FIFA-authorised events, and is controlled by The Football Association, the governing body for football in England.


Premise: The saucer domes are in whose style?

Hypothesis: The Belgian Rooms themselves were decorated in their present style and named after Prince Albert's uncle Léopold I, first King of the Belgians.


Premise: What is something the licensed military service can be used for?

Hypothesis: There are two levels of service provided — a free service to civilians and licensed service to the Chinese government and military.


Premise: What was the abbreviation for Nintendo Entertainment System?

Hypothesis: This is the system which would eventually be officially deployed as the Nintendo Entertainment System, or the colloquial "NES".


Premise: What is kaddu ki kheer?

Hypothesis: Other popular native dishes include nihari, chakna, baghara baingan and the desserts qubani ka meetha, double ka meetha and kaddu ki kheer (a sweet porridge made with sweet gourd).


Premise: What reinforcements were the Saxons expecting?

Hypothesis: The Saxon and Austrian armies were unprepared, and their forces were scattered.


Premise: How are the selected cars then readied for passengers?

Hypothesis: The car(s) selected to run under emergency power can be manually overridden by a key or strip switch in the lobby.


Premise: What type of bomb was first developed during the Cold War?

Hypothesis: Given this new danger, the United States participated in an arms race with the Soviet Union that included development of the hydrogen bomb, as well as intercontinental strategic bombers and intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) capable of delivering nuclear weapons.


Premise: Where did the Olympic Flame get lit?

Hypothesis: Following the recent unrest in Tibet, three members of Reporters Without Borders, including Robert Ménard, breached security and attempted to disrupt a speech by Liu Qi, the head of Beijing's Olympic organising committee during the torch lighting ceremony in Olympia, Greece.


Premise: Who assumed a position of power in 1964?

Hypothesis: In 1964, Nikita Khrushchev was removed from his position of power and replaced with Leonid Brezhnev.


Premise: What Gallo-Romance language did Old Catalan separate from?

Hypothesis: In the 11th century, documents written in macaronic Latin begin to show Catalan elements, with texts written almost completely in Romance appearing by 1080.


Premise: When was Tennessees informal secession?

Hypothesis: The title of "last to join the Confederacy" has been disputed; although Tennessee's informal secession on May 7, 1861, preceded North Carolina's official secession on May 20, the Tennessee legislature did not formally vote to secede until June 8, 1861.


Premise: Who was the first painter to King Louis XIV?

Hypothesis: This served as France's top art school until 1793.


Premise: How many polonaises were published while Chopin lived?

Hypothesis: " The series of seven polonaises published in his lifetime (another nine were published posthumously), beginning with the Op.


Premise: What does CRA stand for?

Hypothesis: Nor did it find any evidence that lending under the CRA rules increased delinquency rates or that the CRA indirectly influenced independent mortgage lenders to ramp up sub-prime lending.


Premise: Whad did Nasser's enemies call him?

Hypothesis: Nasser's Egyptian detractors considered him a dictator who thwarted democratic progress, imprisoned thousands of dissidents, and led a repressive administration responsible for numerous human rights violations.


Premise: Who is Tadaklan's pet that is responsible for lightning?

Hypothesis: In Philippine mythology, Kimat who is the pet of Tadaklan, god of thunder, is responsible for lightning.


Premise: How many down-ballot candidates did Kerry help support?

Hypothesis: Through his campaign account and his political action committee, the Kerry campaign operation generated more than $10 million for various party committees and 179 candidates for the U.S. House, Senate, state and local offices in 42 states focusing on the midterm elections during the 2006 election cycle. "


Premise: A seismometer during the Han dynasty used what type of pendulum?

Hypothesis: Science and technology during the Han period saw significant advances, including papermaking, the nautical steering rudder, the use of negative numbers in mathematics, the raised-relief map, the hydraulic-powered armillary sphere for astronomy, and a seismometer employing an inverted pendulum.


Premise: Where did the Hornets play after Hurricane Katrina?

Hypothesis: In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, the NBA's New Orleans Hornets (now the New Orleans Pelicans) temporarily relocated to the Ford Center, playing the majority of its home games there during the 2005–06 and 2006–07 seasons.


Premise: What mall was constructed

Hypothesis: In the early 21st century the whole area is being redeveloped.


Premise: Who celebrated his Mass for him in the square below?

Hypothesis: He died just as a Mass for him finished in Saint Peter's Square below, celebrated by Luigi Traglia.


Premise: What is the term for a zero difference between collector and emitter?

Hypothesis: If the voltage difference between the collector and emitter were zero (or near zero), the collector current would be limited only by the load resistance (light bulb) and the supply voltage.


Premise: What government office found high levels of formaldehyde in non-wrinkle clothing in 2008?

Hypothesis: In 1999, a study of the effect of washing on the formaldehyde levels found that after 6 months after washing, 7 of 27 shirts had levels in excess of 75 ppm, which is a safe limit for direct skin exposure.


Premise: Which country did Saint Francis of Capistrano come from?

Hypothesis: In an extremely unusual event for the Middle Ages, Hunyadi's son, Matthias, was elected as King of Hungary by the nobility.


Premise: What year did season seven of American Idol first air?

Hypothesis: Season seven premiered on January 15, 2008, for a two-day, four-hour premiere.


Premise: What is another name for Cabinda?

Hypothesis: It is also bounded by Gabon to the west, Cameroon and the Central African Republic to the north, and Cabinda (Angola) to the southwest.


Premise: What was not well taught that led to the founding of the Royal College of Chemistry?

Hypothesis: As a result of a movement earlier in the decade, many politicians donated funds to establish the college, including Benjamin Disraeli, William Gladstone and Robert Peel.


Premise: How far is Tucson from Mexico?

Hypothesis: The city is  located 108 miles (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the U.S.-Mexico border.


Premise: What is the oldest Slav state in Central Europe?

Hypothesis: This provided the foundation for subsequent Slavic states to arise on the former territory of this realm with Carantania being the oldest of them.


Premise: What was still a main factor in the Eastern Church laws?

Hypothesis: Each had its own special law, in which custom still played an important part.


Premise: How many rivers travel through Kathmandu?

Hypothesis: Kathmandu is dissected by eight rivers, the main river of the valley, the Bagmati and its tributaries, of which the Bishnumati, Dhobi Khola, Manohara Khola, Hanumant Khola, and Tukucha Khola are predominant.


Premise: What was the 19th century revival of Georgian architecture in the United States referred to as?

Hypothesis: The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture.


Premise: Why is gold vital to the people of Mali?

Hypothesis: For Mali, it is the second largest earner of its export revenue.


Premise: What was a great concern of many Chinese troops?

Hypothesis: What Chinese soldiers feared, Hong said, was not the enemy, but that they had nothing to eat, no bullets to shoot, and no trucks to transport them to the rear when they were wounded.


Premise: What was the name of the charity event on season six of American Idol?

Hypothesis: This season saw the first Idol Gives Back telethon-inspired event, which raised more than $76 million in corporate and viewer donations.


Premise: In the United States in the middle of the 20th century comics were seen as a risk to culture and what?

Hypothesis: Following the success of Le Journal de Mickey (1934–44), dedicated comics magazines and full-colour comics albums became the primary outlet for comics in the mid-20th century.


Premise: In 1961 IBM's nondiscrimination policy was expanded to include what?

Hypothesis: In 1952, Thomas J. Watson, Jr., published the company's first written equal opportunity policy letter, one year before the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown vs. Board of Education and 11 years before the Civil Rights Act of 1964.


Premise: Who was a Queen of Egypt during the time when Punt and Egypt were close?

Hypothesis: The ancient Puntites were a nation of people that had close relations with Pharaonic Egypt during the times of Pharaoh Sahure and Queen Hatshepsut.


Premise: What was no wave?

Hypothesis: The no wave-affiliated label ZE Records was founded in 1978, and would also produce acclaimed and influential compilations in subsequent years.


Premise: How much of Brazil's population is comprised of indigenous peoples?

Hypothesis: Indigenous peoples are found in the entire territory of Brazil, although the majority of them live in Indian reservations in the North and Center-Western part of the country.


Premise: When did the Pregones' new theater open?

Hypothesis: The Pregones Theater, which produces Latin American work, opened a new 130-seat theater in 2005 on Walton Avenue in the South Bronx.


Premise: Who is the director of the San Diego Symphony?

Hypothesis: The San Diego Opera at Civic Center Plaza, directed by Ian Campbell, was ranked by Opera America as one of the top 10 opera companies in the United States.


Premise: What did the rebels overthrow during the rebellion

Hypothesis: The British settlers who had remained also resented Spanish rule, leading to a rebellion in 1810 and the establishment for ninety days of the so-called Free and Independent Republic of West Florida on September 23.


Premise: Where does CES sponsor BYU's sister schools?

Hypothesis: The university is broadly organized into 11 colleges or schools at its main Provo campus, with certain colleges and divisions defining their own admission standards.


Premise: Which administration called for investigation into the soundness of GSEs in the early and mid-2000s?

Hypothesis: In the early and mid-2000s, the Bush administration called numerous times for investigation into the safety and soundness of the GSEs and their swelling portfolio of subprime mortgages.


Premise: What was the result of the fury of Europe?

Hypothesis: The attack on neutral Saxony caused outrage across Europe and led to the strengthening of the anti-Prussian coalition.


Premise: Who did the Cubs trade to the Texas Rangers for Mike Olt, C.J. Edwards, Neil Ramirez, and Justin Grimm?

Hypothesis: Shortly before the trade deadline, the Cubs traded Matt Garza to the Texas Rangers for Mike Olt, C. J. Edwards, Neil Ramirez, and Justin Grimm.


Premise: What year was Bern founded?

Hypothesis: The medieval city is a foundation of the Zähringer ruling family, which rose to power in Upper Burgundy in the 12th century.


Premise: What organization created the Cryptologic Spectrum?

Hypothesis: The hypothesis that "a non-Yugoslav, perhaps a Russian or a Pole" assumed Tito's identity was included.


Premise: When did Archimedes die?

Hypothesis: Hellenistic Geometers such as Archimedes (c. 287 – 212 BC), Apollonius of Perga (c. 262 – c. 190 BC), and Euclid (c. 325 – 265 BC), whose Elements became the most important textbook in mathematics until the 19th century, built upon the work of the Hellenic era Pythagoreans.


Premise: What religion did Arabs bring to Egypt?

Hypothesis: When they defeated the Byzantine Armies in Egypt, the Arabs brought Sunni Islam to the country.


Premise: What aims to provide an alternate definition of liberty from Isaiah Berlin's positive and negative forms of liberty?

Hypothesis: A pair of overlapping political perspectives arising toward the end of the 20th century are republicanism (or neo- or civic-republicanism) and the capability approach.


Premise: What year did the Saint Helena Constitution officially take effect?

Hypothesis: In 2009, Saint Helena and its two territories received equal status under a new constitution, and the British Overseas Territory was renamed Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.


Premise: Who was set to lead the PLO?

Hypothesis: In May, Nasser moved to formally share his leadership position over the Palestine issue by initiating the creation of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).


Premise: What has a role in the dispersal of propagules of plants and plankton?

Hypothesis: Birds may also have a role in the dispersal of propagules of plants and plankton.


Premise: What caused a delay in the production of high quality records?

Hypothesis: Beginning in 1939, Dr. Peter Goldmark and his staff at Columbia Records and at CBS Laboratories undertook efforts to address problems of recording and playing back narrow grooves and developing an inexpensive, reliable consumer playback system.


Premise: What do critics usually call these lawyers?

Hypothesis: In some jurisdictions, copyright or the right to enforce it can be contractually assigned to a third party which did not have a role in producing the work.


Premise: Denmark and Norway remained in the Kalmar Union until what year?

Hypothesis: After the failed union of Sweden and Norway of 1319–1365, the pan-Scandinavian Kalmar Union was instituted in 1397.


Premise: What group dominated in western and central India at the start of the 13th century?

Hypothesis: In the North, the Rajputs were a dominant force in the Western and Central India.


Premise: What is the term for prime minister in Pakistan?

Hypothesis: In the UK, where devolved government is in place, the leaders of the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh Governments are styled First Minister.


Premise: What is considered central to the teachings of Buddhism?

Hypothesis: The teachings on the Four Noble Truths are regarded as central to the teachings of Buddhism, and are said to provide a conceptual framework for Buddhist thought.


Premise: Where did the population of Detroit shift to in the second half of the 20th century?

Hypothesis: Since 1950 the city has seen a major shift in its population to the suburbs.


Premise: what label were the burrell's briefly with before their success?

Hypothesis: Their 30+ releases on this label alone seems to support that fact.


Premise: How is deer stalking with rifles carried out?

Hypothesis: Similar to fox hunting in many ways is the chasing of hares with hounds.


Premise: Out of how many of the white fireman got a promotion afterwards?

Hypothesis: As a result, a district court subsequently ordered the city to promote 14 of the white firefighters.


Premise: How many Plymouth residents are employed in defense?

Hypothesis: Because of its coastal location, the economy of Plymouth has traditionally been maritime, in particular the defence sector with over 12,000 people employed and approximately 7,500 in the armed forces.


Premise: What is expected to have an effect on migration timing?

Hypothesis: Large scale climatic changes, as have been experienced in the past, are expected to have an effect on the timing of migration.


Premise: What farming pest management technique does the use of GM grown plants promote?

Hypothesis: This spares natural insect predators in the farm ecology and further contributes to noninsecticide pest management.


Premise: What is makes more of a difference than race in health outcomes for "race specific" diseases?

Hypothesis: International epidemiological data show that living conditions rather than race make the biggest difference in health outcomes even for diseases that have "race-specific" treatments.


Premise: What former contestant did Ace Young ask to marry him?

Hypothesis: Phillips became the winner, beating Sanchez.


Premise: The parliament in Berlin is called what?

Hypothesis: The governments in Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg are designated by the term Senate.


Premise: What issue has moved to the forefront in recent years?

Hypothesis: Environmental sustainability has become a mainstream issue, with profound effect on the architectural profession.


Premise: Which continents have some form of Protestantism?

Hypothesis: Some Protestant churches do have a worldwide scope and distribution of membership (notably, the Anglican Communion), while others are confined to a single country, or even are solitary church bodies or congregations (such as the former Prussian Union of churches).


Premise: How long has  Yale Field been open and active?

Hypothesis: Throughout the second half of the 20th century, New Haven consistently had minor league hockey and baseball teams, which played at the New Haven Arena (built in 1926, demolished in 1972), New Haven Coliseum (1972–2002), and Yale Field (1928–present).


Premise: What food gathering techniques could have been used by early man at the same time?

Hypothesis: This hypothesis does not necessarily contradict the scavenging hypothesis: both subsistence strategies could have been in use – sequentially, alternating or even simultaneously.


Premise: What replaced the fallen empires of the 19th century?

Hypothesis: The Ottoman Empire was gone, along with all the other empires of the 19th century, replaced with independent republics.


Premise: Is Israel considered a safe state for egyptians?

Hypothesis: Despite that, Israel is still widely considered as a hostile state by the majority of Egyptians.


Premise: How old was George H. Brimhall when he completed High School?

Hypothesis: Joseph F. Smith, LDS Church president, settled the question for a time by asking that evolution not be taught at the school.


Premise: On May 3, 1856, how many Pitcairners left for Norfolk Island?

Hypothesis: On 3 May 1856, 193 persons left Pitcairn Islands aboard the "Morayshire".


Premise: Who did the relative of the doctor marry?

Hypothesis: His maternal grandfather was Seth Eastman, an artist and Army officer from New England, who had married a Sioux woman and had a daughter with her while stationed at Fort Snelling in Minnesota.


Premise: In which year was Villa assassinated?

Hypothesis: After nearly a year of pursuing Villa, American forces returned to the United States.


Premise: What project was Fermi working for?

Hypothesis: Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed for such a reaction by piling together 400 short tons (360 metric tons) of graphite, 58 short tons (53 metric tons) of uranium oxide, and six short tons (5.5 metric tons) of uranium metal, a majority of which was supplied by Westinghouse Lamp Plant in a makeshift production process.


Premise: What was Chiang Kai-Shek's strongest army?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, many of the forces of the Chinese Nationalists were warlords allied to Chiang Kai-Shek, but not directly under his command. "


Premise: Who administered the "Pencil Test"?

Hypothesis: When it was unclear from a person's physical appearance whether the individual should be considered Coloured or Black, the "pencil test" was used.


Premise: What was the earliest divergence within the Neognathes?

Hypothesis: The earliest divergence within the Neognathes was that of the Galloanserae, the superorder containing the Anseriformes (ducks, geese, swans and screamers) and the Galliformes (the pheasants, grouse, and their allies, together with the mound builders and the guans and their allies).


Premise: What denominations did the Third Great Awakening affect?

Hypothesis: It gathered strength from the postmillennial belief that the Second Coming of Christ would occur after mankind had reformed the entire earth.


Premise: What year was Albert Edward, Queen Victoria's first born son born?

Hypothesis: Her daughter, also named Victoria, was born on 21 November 1840.


Premise: What is the Royal Gold Medal awarded for?

Hypothesis: RIBA runs many awards including the Stirling Prize for the best new building of the year, the Royal Gold Medal (first awarded in 1848), which honours a distinguished body of work, and the Stephen Lawrence Prize for projects with a construction budget of less than £500,000.


Premise: Where is the La Verrier ring from the center of Neptune?

Hypothesis: A faint outward extension to the Le Verrier Ring has been named Lassell; it is bounded at its outer edge by the Arago Ring at 57,000 km.


Premise: Most of Tennessee has which type of climate?

Hypothesis: Most of the state has a humid subtropical climate, with the exception of some of the higher elevations in the Appalachians, which are classified as having a mountain temperate climate or a humid continental climate due to cooler temperatures.


Premise: For how many years had the My Pyramid graphic been released at the time of the Mississippi Delta study?

Hypothesis: While a precise comparison between the NAAL and Delta studies is difficult, primarily because of methodological differences, Zoellner et al. suggest that health literacy rates in the Mississippi Delta region are different from the U.S. general population and that they help establish the scope of the problem of health literacy among adults in the Delta region.


Premise: What is the annual precipitation in Iran's western plains?

Hypothesis: Annual precipitation is 680 mm (26.8 in) in the eastern part of the plain and more than 1,700 mm (66.9 in) in the western part.


Premise: How many people can sit in the audience at Eton's main theatre?

Hypothesis: Productions also take place in varying locations around the School, varying from the sports fields to more historic buildings such as Upper School and College Chapel.


Premise: What was the professions of Joseph Dobrovský?

Hypothesis: Dobrovský had intended his book to be descriptive, and did not think Czech had a realistic chance of returning as a major language.


Premise: The Slavs make their first appearance in Byzantine records when?

Hypothesis: Byzantine historiographers under Justinian I (527–565), such as Procopius of Caesarea, Jordanes and Theophylact Simocatta describe tribes of these names emerging from the area of the Carpathian Mountains, the lower Danube and the Black Sea, invading the Danubian provinces of the Eastern Empire.


Premise: What island did Great Britain lose in 1756?

Hypothesis: Great Britain lost Minorca in the Mediterranean to the French in 1756 but captured the French colonies in Senegal in 1758.


Premise: What is the way modern classification tries to determine species?

Hypothesis: To overcome this uncertainty, modern bacterial classification emphasizes molecular systematics, using genetic techniques such as guanine cytosine ratio determination, genome-genome hybridization, as well as sequencing genes that have not undergone extensive lateral gene transfer, such as the rRNA gene.


Premise: What type of elevator is featured?

Hypothesis: Guests ascending to the 67th, 69th, and 70th level observation decks (dubbed "Top of the Rock") atop the GE Building at Rockefeller Center in New York City ride a high-speed glass-top elevator.


Premise: Dragonflys use what kind of propulsion?

Hypothesis: Dragonfly naiads use jet propulsion, forcibly expelling water out of their rectal chamber.


Premise: Where was the Foxconn plant located?

Hypothesis: On December 31, 2006, workers at the Foxconn factory in Longhua, Shenzhen formed a union affiliated with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, the Chinese government-approved union umbrella organization.


Premise: What initiative provided censors with the abillity to appoint new senators?

Hypothesis: Shortly before 312 BCE, the Plebeian Council enacted the Plebiscitum Ovinium.


Premise: Where did the capital move to after the reign of Guangwu?

Hypothesis: From the reign of Guangwu the capital was moved eastward to Luoyang.


Premise: Which city became the launching place for expeditions into New Mexico?

Hypothesis: Several expeditions were led to find a shorter route from Santa Barbara to New Mexico.


Premise: When did Himachal emerge as the 18th state of the Indian Union?

Hypothesis: On 18 December 1970, the State of Himachal Pradesh Act was passed by Parliament and the new state came into being on 25 January 1971.


Premise: Which contestant from season eight suffered the loss of a spouse?

Hypothesis: Much early attention on the show was therefore focused on the widowhood of Danny Gokey.[citation needed]


Premise: How many square feet of office space did Houston have in Uptown in 2002?

Hypothesis: In 2002, Uptown had more than 23 million square feet (2,100,000 m²) of office space with 16 million square feet (1,500,000 m²) of Class A office space.


Premise: What view did Louis Agassiz have of On the Origin of Species?

Hypothesis: Natural theology was not a unified doctrine, and while some such as Louis Agassiz were strongly opposed to the ideas in the book, others sought a reconciliation in which evolution was seen as purposeful.


Premise: Who wrote and provided art for a Twilight Princess comic book series?

Hypothesis: While the manga adaptation began almost ten years after the initial release of the game on which it is based, it launched only a month before the release of the high-definition remake.


Premise: What year saw the establishment of the Islamic Center of Virginia?

Hypothesis: The ICVA was established in 1973 as a non profit tax exempt organization.


Premise: According to myth, what property did all seventy versions of the bible have?

Hypothesis: The translation is known as the "Septuagint", a name that refers to the seventy translators (seventy-two, in some versions) who were commissioned to translate the Bible at Alexandria, Egypt.


Premise: Who recorded the earliest records of migration?

Hypothesis: More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking.


Premise: In rural Poland areas, what is considered medicinal for lungs?

Hypothesis: Dog meat is consumed in some East Asian countries, including Korea, China, and Vietnam, a practice that dates back to antiquity.


Premise: Why were the controllers hard-wired to the console with no connectors?

Hypothesis: The controllers were hard-wired to the console with no connectors for cost reasons.


Premise: How does Link express emotions?

Hypothesis: There is very little voice acting in the game, as is the case in most Zelda titles to date.


Premise: What Industry was important in the late 18th and 19th century of North Somerset

Hypothesis: Coal mining was an important industry in north Somerset during the 18th and 19th centuries, and by 1800 it was prominent in Radstock.


Premise: What category do parasitic bacteria fall into?

Hypothesis: Heterotrophic bacteria include parasitic types.


Premise: Who created the oldest surviving architecture plans?

Hypothesis: The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD.


Premise: where was Nigeria's third satellite launched?

Hypothesis: It was launched on 13 May 2007, aboard a Chinese Long March 3B carrier rocket, from the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in China.


Premise: Are you able to search most of the records online today?

Hypothesis: The catalogue is searchable online in the Access to Archives catalogues.


Premise: What structural benefit is offered by the Gothic vault?

Hypothesis: While, structurally, use of the pointed arch gave a greater flexibility to architectural form, it also gave Gothic architecture a very different and more vertical visual character than Romanesque.


Premise: What leader was the first consul of the Roman Republic?

Hypothesis: The Junii took credit for its abolition by their ancestor L. Junius Brutus, traditionally Rome's Republican founder and first consul.


Premise: What is the antebellum age?

Hypothesis: The Antebellum Period is often considered to have begun with the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854,[citation needed] although it may have begun as early as 1812.


Premise: When was the University of the Republic founded?

Hypothesis: It was founded on 18 July 1849 in Montevideo, where most of its buildings and facilities are still located.


Premise: Who plays their games at Fenway park?

Hypothesis: Since 1966 they have played in Atlanta as the Atlanta Braves.


Premise: What was the name of the hairdresser's assistant Schwarzenegger fell for in July of 1977?

Hypothesis: Schwarzenegger met his next paramour, Sue Moray, a Beverly Hills hairdresser's assistant, on Venice Beach in July 1977.


Premise: Public spending has risks of kickbacks, embezzlement and what?

Hypothesis: Extensive and diverse public spending is, in itself, inherently at risk of cronyism, kickbacks, and embezzlement.


Premise: Where is Every Nations Churches located?

Hypothesis: Reformed charismatic denominations are the Sovereign Grace Churches and the Every Nation Churches in the USA, in Great Britain there is the Newfrontiers churches and movement, which leading figure is Terry Virgo.


Premise: Where does transcription occur in eukaryotes?

Hypothesis: In prokaryotes, transcription occurs in the cytoplasm; for very long transcripts, translation may begin at the 5' end of the RNA while the 3' end is still being transcribed.


Premise: What radio stationed owned by NBC played only soft rock?

Hypothesis: By 1977, some radio stations, like New York's WTFM and NBC-owned WYNY, had switched to an all-soft rock format.


Premise: What do deuterostomes and protostomes have in common?

Hypothesis: Animals from both groups possess a complete digestive tract.


Premise: In what sort of electrolyte does the oxide layer on an aluminum anode remain stable?

Hypothesis: Charles Pollak (born Karol Pollak), the inventor of the first electrolytic capacitors, found out that the oxide layer on an aluminum anode remained stable in a neutral or alkaline electrolyte, even when the power was switched off.


Premise: Which organism has the most genes?

Hypothesis: At present, the highest known number of genes is around 60,000, for the protozoan causing trichomoniasis (see List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes), almost three times as many as in the human genome.


Premise: Israel has the largest number of what per square meter in the basin?

Hypothesis: A report on the environmental status of the Mediterranean basin states that Israel has the largest number of plant species per square meter of all the countries in the basin.


Premise: What may see benefits from the Marshalls joining the International Labour Organization?

Hypothesis: In 2007, the Marshall Islands joined the International Labour Organization, which means its labour laws will comply with international benchmarks.


Premise: What does dharmas mean?

Hypothesis: The concept of emptiness brings together other key Buddhist doctrines, particularly anatta and dependent origination, to refute the metaphysics of Sarvastivada and Sautrantika (extinct non-Mahayana schools).


Premise: What leader twice fainted during the funeral?

Hypothesis: Nasser's funeral procession through Cairo on 1 October was attended by at least five million mourners.


Premise: How is the USB data transmitted?

Hypothesis: USB encodes data using the NRZI line coding; a 0 bit is transmitted by toggling the data lines from J to K or vice versa, while a 1 bit is transmitted by leaving the data lines as-is.


Premise: How many Apostles were there at the Last Supper?

Hypothesis: Combining statements in the canonical Gospels produces the following account: Jesus was arrested in Gethsemane following the Last Supper with the Twelve Apostles, and then stood trial before the Sanhedrin (a Jewish judicial body), Pontius Pilate (a Roman authority in Judaea), and Herod Antipas (king of Judea, appointed by Rome), before being handed over for crucifixion by the chief priests of the Jews.


Premise: When Tennessee's border was first defined, territory west of which river was considered for future annexation?

Hypothesis: Part of the provision also stated that the limits and jurisdiction of the state would include future land acquisition, referencing possible land trade with other states, or the acquisition of territory from west of the Mississippi River.


Premise: Who was responsible for dealing with chaotic train yards and unloaded wagons?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, no system had been put in place for military control of the railways, and officers simply commandeered trains as they saw fit.


Premise: How many children did Pelagija bore for Tito?

Hypothesis: There he met Pelagija Belousova who was then thirteen; he married her a year later, and she moved with him to Yugoslavia.


Premise: In the first half of 2010, what percentage of shooting victims were African-American or Hispanic?

Hypothesis: New York experienced a record low of 328 homicides in 2014 and has a far lower murder rate than other major American cities.


Premise: What determines how the referee acts?

Hypothesis: Although their actions are also frequently scripted for dramatic effect, referees are subject to certain general rules and requirements in order to maintain the theatrical appearance of unbiased authority.


Premise: A colder city like Lugo has how many days with frosts?

Hypothesis: The more mountainous parts of the provinces of Ourense and Lugo receive significant snowfall during the winter months.


Premise: Which denomination of Christianity is more common in the eastern part of Mediterranean Europe?

Hypothesis: Due to the historical break of the Christian Church into the western half based in Rome and the eastern half based in Constantinople, different branches of Christianity are prodominent in different parts of Europe.


Premise: Where are equine events hosted?

Hypothesis: There are numerous golf courses and country clubs spread around the city.


Premise: Who described the sailboats of the Estonians as pirate ships?

Hypothesis: Their sailing vessels were called pirate ships by Henry of Latvia in his Latin chronicles written at the beginning of the 13th century.


Premise: What type of bridge originated in China?

Hypothesis: Among the technological accomplishments of China were, according to the British scholar Needham, early seismological detectors (Zhang Heng in the 2nd century), the water-powered celestial globe (Zhang Heng), matches, the independent invention of the decimal system, dry docks, sliding calipers, the double-action piston pump, cast iron, the blast furnace, the iron plough, the multi-tube seed drill, the wheelbarrow, the suspension bridge, the winnowing machine, the rotary fan, the parachute, natural gas as fuel, the raised-relief map, the propeller, the crossbow, and a solid fuel rocket, the multistage rocket, the horse collar, along with contributions in logic, astronomy, medicine, and other fields.


Premise: What year was peripheral pattern theory developed?

Hypothesis: In 1955, DC Sinclair and G Weddell developed peripheral pattern theory, based on a 1934 suggestion by John Paul Nafe.


Premise: How many years was Saint Athanasius of Alexandria in exile?

Hypothesis: Saint Athanasius of Alexandria (/ˌæθəˈneɪʃəs/; Greek: Ἀθανάσιος Ἀλεξανδρείας, Athanásios Alexandrías; c. 296–298 – 2 May 373), also called Athanasius the Great, Athanasius the Confessor or, primarily in the Coptic Orthodox Church, Athanasius the Apostolic, was the twentieth bishop of Alexandria (as Athanasius I).


Premise: What was the name of the new regime created when the Cisalpine Republic separated from Switzerland?

Hypothesis: The new regime, known as the Helvetic Republic, was highly unpopular.


Premise: At which college did Feyman turn down a job?

Hypothesis: His work during this period, which used equations of rotation to express various spinning speeds, proved important to his Nobel Prize–winning work, yet because he felt burned out and had turned his attention to less immediately practical problems, he was surprised by the offers of professorships from other renowned universities.


Premise: What quote sums up PC World's 2006 assessment of PS3?

Hypothesis: PS3 was given the number-eight spot on PC World magazine's list of "The Top 21 Tech Screwups of 2006", where it was criticized for being "Late, Expensive and Incompatible".


Premise: Who was concerned with Russia  capturing Constantinople?

Hypothesis: The Corps of Royal Engineers sent men to the Dardanelles while Burgoyne went to Paris, meeting the British Ambassador and the French Emperor.


Premise: When did the Smallpox epidemic take place?

Hypothesis: Captain Juan de Santiago started a campaign to pacify the island, which was continued by the successive commanders of the Spanish forces.:68–74


Premise: What document called for Israel to abandon land it obtained during the war?

Hypothesis: In November, Nasser accepted UN Resolution 242, which called for Israel's withdrawal from territories acquired in the war.


Premise: In what year did the state of New York eliminate slavery?

Hypothesis: It was not until 1827 that slavery was completely abolished in the state, and free blacks struggled afterward with discrimination.


Premise: Where is the Semetic Akkadian language found preserved after 2800 BC?

Hypothesis: The Semitic Akkadian language is first attested in proper names of the kings of Kish c. 2800 BC, preserved in later king lists.


Premise: In what era did Iranian visual art reach its peak?

Hypothesis: The Iranian visual arts reached a pinnacle by the Sassanid Era.


Premise: What is the native language meaning of Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabited; thus the name, Tuvalu, means "eight standing together" in Tuvaluan (compare to *walo meaning "eight" in Proto-Austronesian).


Premise: How many active mandolin orchestras does the Madiera Island have?

Hypothesis: Madeira has over 17 active mandolin Orchestras and Tunas.


Premise: What year did Armenia begin competiting in the Olympics seperate from the USSR?

Hypothesis: As part of the Soviet Union, Armenia was very successful, winning plenty of medals and helping the USSR win the medal standings at the Olympics on numerous occasions.


Premise: Who vetoed Omar Pasha from landing in Georgia?

Hypothesis: 1855: Georgian coast: Omar Pasha, the Turkish commander at Crimea had long wanted to land in Georgia, but the western powers vetoed it.


Premise: After Gaddafi left the University of Libya, what institution did he attend?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi briefly studied History at the University of Libya in Benghazi, before dropping out to join the military.


Premise: Why might two plants be similar but not actually be in the same group?

Hypothesis: Judging relationships based on shared characters requires care, since plants may resemble one another through convergent evolution in which characters have arisen independently.


Premise: The Sassanid became a cornerstone of what type of learning?

Hypothesis: The Sassanid art played a prominent role in the formation of both European and Asian medieval art, which carried forward to the Islamic world, and much of what later became known as Islamic learning, such as philology, literature, jurisprudence, philosophy, medicine, architecture, and science, were of Sassanid basis.


Premise: What is the lightest density of paper produced?

Hypothesis: Printing paper is about 800 kg/m3 (50 lb/cu ft).


Premise: On average children attain how many years of education?

Hypothesis: In some areas primary and secondary education is free and compulsory from the ages of 6 to 16, though enforcement of attendance is lax.


Premise: How long should the plastic bottles filled with water be exposed to sunlight during Solar water disinfection?

Hypothesis: Solar water disinfection (SODIS) involves exposing water-filled plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles to sunlight for several hours.


Premise: What type of animal crosses between Europe and Africa during the Autumn?

Hypothesis: Laurisilva is a unique type of subtropical rainforest found in few areas of Europe and the world: in the Azores, and in particular on the island of Madeira, there are large forests of endemic Laurisilva forests (the latter protected as a natural heritage preserve).


Premise: What book was printed by Isaac Newton in 1687?

Hypothesis: The Scientific Revolution is traditionally held by most historians to have begun in 1543, when the books De humani corporis fabrica (On the Workings of the Human Body) by Andreas Vesalius, and also De Revolutionibus, by the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus, were first printed.


Premise: What was Tucson's population in 1920?

Hypothesis: Over the following years the city continued to grow, with the population increasing to 20,292 in 1920 and 36,818 in 1940.


Premise: Which Orthodox leaders are free to adapt canon as required?

Hypothesis: The Orthodox Christian tradition in general treats its canons more as guidelines than as laws, the bishops adjusting them to cultural and other local circumstances.


Premise: What is one role that the friars served as to the nuns?

Hypothesis: The friars served as their confessors, priests, teachers and spiritual mentors.


Premise: When did Hisham's reign start?

Hypothesis: The final son of Abd al-Malik to become caliph was Hisham (724–43), whose long and eventful reign was above all marked by the curtailment of military expansion.


Premise: When do the pictograms suggest Sumerians had domesticated livestock?

Hypothesis: In the early Sumerian Uruk period, the primitive pictograms suggest that sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs were domesticated.


Premise: What chain of pubs reported favorable profits in June 2009?

Hypothesis: The Wetherspoon pub chain reported in June 2009 that profits were at the top end of expectations; however, Scottish & Newcastle's takeover by Carlsberg and Heineken was reported in January 2008 as partly the result of its weakness following falling sales due to the ban.


Premise: How long was the secret agreement between Germany and the Soviets?

Hypothesis: This happened while the Soviets were still negotiating with the British and French missions in Moscow.


Premise: What type of design did these texts allow the builders to incorporate?

Hypothesis: House builders could use current architectural design in their work by combining features found in pattern books and architectural journals.


Premise: Spacial orientation/homing allows an insect to return to one specific hole among how many?

Hypothesis: This can allow an insect to return unerringly to a single hole a few millimeters in diameter among thousands of apparently identical holes clustered together, after a trip of up to several kilometers' distance.


Premise: The presence of whom in the French "lodges of adoption" formed in the 1780s was die to the close ties shared with aristocratic society?

Hypothesis: The presence of noble women in the French "lodges of adoption" that formed in the 1780s was largely due to the close ties shared between these lodges and aristocratic society.


Premise: What is one of the most dangerous jobs for USAF personnel?

Hypothesis: Other career fields that have seen increasing exposure to combat include civil engineers, vehicle operators, and Air Force Office of Special Investigations (AFOSI) personnel.


Premise: Who was Charles Evans Hughes?

Hypothesis: For much of American history, the dominant notion of the rule of law, in this setting, has been some version of A. V. Dicey's:


Premise: What does Jody Rosen say influenced Beyoncé's vocal style?

Hypothesis: Jody Rosen highlights her tone and timbre as particularly distinctive, describing her voice as "one of the most compelling instruments in popular music".


Premise: What was the value of the estimated 13 million substandard loans held by Fannie and Freddie in 2008?

Hypothesis: In his dissent to the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, American Enterprise Institute fellow Peter J. Wallison stated his belief that the roots of the financial crisis can be traced directly and primarily to affordable housing policies initiated by HUD in the 1990s and to massive risky loan purchases by government-sponsored entities Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.


Hypothesis: Only insects which live in nests or colonies demonstrate any true capacity for fine-scale spatial orientation or homing.


Premise: What is Kathmandu's majority religion?

Hypothesis: Most of Kathmandu's people follow Hinduism and many others follow Buddhism.


Premise: How is toxicity sometimes visibly displayed by insects as a warning?

Hypothesis: Such insects often advertise their toxicity using warning colors.


Premise: How many local jobs are produced by the University of Houston?

Hypothesis: The University of Houston System's annual impact on the Houston area's economy equates to that of a major corporation: $1.1 billion in new funds attracted annually to the Houston area, $3.13 billion in total economic benefit and 24,000 local jobs generated.


Premise: What become critical when a person is non-verbal?

Hypothesis: In patients who possess language but are incapable of expressing themselves effectively, such as those with dementia, an increase in confusion or display of aggressive behaviors or agitation may signal that discomfort exists, and further assessment is necessary.


Premise: What French Magazine cover did the media criticize?

Hypothesis: A statement released from a spokesperson for the magazine said that Beyoncé's look was "far from the glamorous Sasha Fierce" and that it was "a return to her African roots".


Premise: How long do passage migrants stop and feed before resuming migration?

Hypothesis: They land in the morning and may feed for a few days before resuming their migration.


Premise: Why did families send their girls to Diego's monastery?

Hypothesis: When his preaching companions heard of his death, all save Dominic and a very small number of others returned to their homes.


Premise: When did efforts begin to try and identify the origins of Ashkenazi Jews through DNA analysis?

Hypothesis: Efforts to identify the origins of Ashkenazi Jews through DNA analysis began in the 1990s.


Premise: What type of society was seen that came from Raimon's 29 ways?

Hypothesis: Also seen as a belief in a secular society (free from religious influences) example objective and rational, science vs religion and finally been modern means not being religious.


Premise: Who was the last Chief Minister of Norfolk Island?

Hypothesis: Four of the members of the Assembly formed the Executive Council, which devised policy and acted as an advisory body to the Administrator.


Premise: What type of weather does Seattle have in the winter months?

Hypothesis: It became the second wettest event in Seattle history when a little over 130 mm (5.1 in) of rain fell on Seattle in a 24-hour period.


Premise: What reached it height during the reign of Shah Jehan?

Hypothesis: The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expanse during the reign of Aurangzeb and also started its terminal decline in his reign due to Maratha military resurgence under Shivaji.


Premise: What does Brasilia's metro area consist of?

Hypothesis: The city has a unique status in Brazil, as it is an administrative division rather than a legal municipality like other cities in Brazil.


Premise: What is the name of the largest reservoir in the state?

Hypothesis: There are at least 3,223 named lakes and reservoirs in Montana, including Flathead Lake, the largest natural freshwater lake in the western United States.


Premise: What year was the Sanat Monica Pier buildt?

Hypothesis: The La Monica Ballroom on the pier was once the largest ballroom in the US and the source for many New Year's Eve national network broadcasts.


Premise: Where were the symbols carved on?

Hypothesis: The earliest confirmed evidence of the Chinese script yet discovered is the body of inscriptions on oracle bones from the late Shang dynasty (c. 1200–1050 BC).


Premise: What Arkansas militia unit did Eisenhower federalize in 1957?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower demanded that Arkansas governor Orval Faubus obey the court order.


Premise: Where is the city's photographic library?

Hypothesis: International art (painting, sculpture, graphic arts) and decorative art since 1871 is displayed in the Musée d'art moderne et contemporain.


Premise: How is the traditional desktop evironment opened?

Hypothesis: The traditional desktop environment for running desktop applications is accessed via a tile on the Start screen.


Premise: What simple color distinction can heartwood have that makes it stand out from living wood in a tree?

Hypothesis: For example, it is sometimes much darker.


Premise: What was the name of the war lost by the Maratha states in 1818?

Hypothesis: The rule lasted until 1858, when, after the Indian rebellion of 1857 and consequent of the Government of India Act 1858, the British government assumed the task of directly administering India in the new British Raj.


Premise: What was the bestselling drug in history?

Hypothesis: The top ten best-selling drugs of 2013 totaled $75.6 billion in sales, with the anti-inflammatory drug Humira being the best-selling drug worldwide at $10.7 billion in sales.


Premise: For how many seasons was American Idol the most watched show in the US?

Hypothesis: Much to Cowell's surprise, it became one of the hit shows for the summer that year.


Premise: What is one of the foundational aspects post-punk is deeply favorable towards?

Hypothesis: Author Matthew Bannister wrote that post-punk artists rejected the high cultural references of 1960s rock artists like the Beatles and Bob Dylan as well as paradigms that defined "rock as progressive, as art, as 'sterile' studio perfectionism ... by adopting an avant-garde aesthetic".


Premise: What gun made the scene in 1910?

Hypothesis: The French balloon gun appeared in 1910, it was an 11-pounder but mounted on a vehicle, with a total uncrewed weight of 2 tons.


Premise: What is a term for a grouping of local schools that cannot exist independently?

Hypothesis: Community colleges tended to be amalgamations of unviable local schools under the umbrella of a new community school model, but community schools have tended to be entirely new foundations.


Premise: When does infection begin?

Hypothesis: Infection begins when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies.


Premise: What was one historic theory of the szlachta origins?

Hypothesis: The origins of the szlachta, while ancient, have always been considered obscure.:207 As a result, its members often referred to it as odwieczna (perennial).:207 Two popular historic theories of origin forwarded by its members and earlier historians and chroniclers involved descent from the ancient Iranian tribes known as Sarmatians or from Japheth, one of Noah's sons


Premise: If passengers don't want to take a train to the airport, what other transport is available?

Hypothesis: It offers flights to UK and near European destinations, and is connected to the city by a frequent rail service from Southampton Airport (Parkway) railway station, and by bus services.


Premise: What actor was scheduled to attend a San Francisco Olympic protest?

Hypothesis: On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9.


Premise: When did Japan finish invading Korea?

Hypothesis: In a handbook he addressed to "all samurai, regardless of rank" he told his followers that a warrior's only duty in life was to "...grasp the long and the short swords and to die".


Premise: What magazine said Beyoncé was the "best-dressed celebrity"?

Hypothesis: In 2007, Beyoncé was featured on the cover of the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue, becoming the second African American woman after Tyra Banks, and People magazine recognized Beyoncé as the best-dressed celebrity.


Premise: How did the first Gulf War end?

Hypothesis: U.S. forces continued in combat zone deployments through November 1995 and launched Operation Desert Fox against Iraq in 1998 after it failed to meet U.S. demands of "unconditional cooperation" in weapons inspections.


Premise: Netscape wanted to have a competitive browser using what?

Hypothesis: In 1998, Netscape launched what was to become the Mozilla Foundation in an attempt to produce a competitive browser using the open source software model.


Premise: Which column did Piers Morgan edit at The Sun?

Hypothesis: He also recalls MacKenzie headlining a January 1989 story about the first same-sex kiss on the BBC television soap opera EastEnders "EastBenders", describing the kiss between Colin Russell and Guido Smith as "a homosexual love scene between yuppie poofs ... when millions of children were watching".


Premise: How much financial aid did Northwestern process for the 2009-2010 academic year?

Hypothesis: Northwestern awards financial aid solely on the basis of need through loans, work-study, grants, and scholarships.


Premise: Why do sexual organisms have two copies of each chromosome?

Hypothesis: Asexual organisms simply inherit a complete copy of their parent's genome.


Premise: What language is New Mexico's language written in?

Hypothesis: New Mexico's laws are promulgated bilingually in Spanish and English.


Premise: What is the name of Oklahoma Cities memorial?

Hypothesis: The Oklahoma City National Memorial in the northern part of Oklahoma City's downtown was created as the inscription on its eastern gate of the Memorial reads, "to honor the victims, survivors, rescuers, and all who were changed forever on April 19, 1995"; the memorial was built on the land formerly occupied by the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building complex prior to its 1995 bombing.


Premise: Do different countries refer to plants by different names?

Hypothesis: The scientific name of a plant represents its genus and its species within the genus, resulting in a single world-wide name for each organism.


Premise: When were the first women's Olympic competitions held?

Hypothesis: By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first "modern" Olympic Games in 1896.


Premise: As of April 2014, how many albums have Jay Z and Beyonce sold together?

Hypothesis: As of April 2014, the couple have sold a combined 300 million records together.


Premise: What was Avicenna known for?

Hypothesis: The project team stated "Why Avicenna?


Premise: It was found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are uncommon with what other people?

Hypothesis: This suggested that the male ancestors of the Ashkenazi Jews could be traced mostly to the Middle East.


Premise: To what climate change condition does Tuvalu's low elevation make it susceptible?

Hypothesis: Because of the low elevation, the islands that make up this nation are vulnerable to the effects of tropical cyclones and by the threat of current and future sea level rise.


Premise: In what year did the three original  cantons join with five other cantons to form the "Old Confederacy" of eight states?

Hypothesis: By 1460, the confederates controlled most of the territory south and west of the Rhine to the Alps and the Jura mountains, particularly after victories against the Habsburgs (Battle of Sempach, Battle of Näfels), over Charles the Bold of Burgundy during the 1470s, and the success of the Swiss mercenaries.


Premise: The early Queen logo resembled the coat of arms of what country?

Hypothesis: The whole symbol bears a passing resemblance to the Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom, particularly with the lion supporters.


Premise: Strict rules were put in place to appease what monetary fund?

Hypothesis: During this time strict programs, imposed to satisfy demands of the International Monetary Fund, brought increased hardship upon the country's population, while elites close to the government supposedly lived in growing wealth.


Premise: What is the head of Monaco's government called?

Hypothesis: The few exceptions to the rule are Germany and Austria, whose heads of government titles are almost always translated as Chancellor; Monaco, whose head of government is referred to as the Minister of State; and Vatican City, for which the head of government is titled the Secretary of State.


Premise: What organization regulates building heights in San Diego?

Hypothesis: The downtown skyline contains no super-talls, as a regulation put in place by the Federal Aviation Administration in the 1970s set a 500 feet (152 m) limit on the height of buildings due to the proximity of San Diego International Airport.


Premise: What was the name given to these dummy airfields?

Hypothesis: A number[clarification needed] of bombs fell on these diversionary ("Starfish") targets.


Premise: In what year was the Union of Utrecht signed?

Hypothesis: This was followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II.


Premise: What is the name of one Dominican Order institution of learning?

Hypothesis: The Pontificium Collegium Internationale Angelicum, the future Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum established at Rome in 1908 by Master Hyacinth Cormier, opened its doors to regulars and seculars for the study of the sacred sciences.


Premise: Why did Poland deny the proposal of the Soviet Union protecting them from a German Attack?

Hypothesis: Polish officials refused to allow Soviet troops into Polish territory if Germany attacked; as Polish foreign minister Józef Beck pointed out, they feared that once the Red Army entered their territories, it might never leave.


Premise: How was early German culture developed?

Hypothesis: The event of the Protestant Reformation and the politics that ensued has been cited as the origins of German identity that arose in response to the spread of a common German language and literature.


Premise: Major cities like Jakarta and Johannesburg rank below New Delhi in what key statistic?

Hypothesis: The 2011 World Wealth Report ranks economic activity in New Delhi at 39, but overall the capital is ranked at 37, above cities like Jakarta and Johannesburg.


Premise: Who conquered Tansaxania?

Hypothesis: Their arrival in Transoxania signaled a definitive shift from Iranian to Turkic predominance in Central Asia, but gradually the Kara-khanids became assimilated into the Perso-Arab Muslim culture of the region.


Premise: What kind of movement was modern architecture in the beginning?

Hypothesis: When modern architecture was first practiced, it was an avant-garde movement with moral, philosophical, and aesthetic underpinnings.


Premise: What web browser does the Open Document Format have compatibility with?

Hypothesis: It is going to be used for several tasks like: word processing, presentations, along with collaboration with Lotus Notes, instant messaging and blog tools as well as an Internet Explorer competitor – the Mozilla Firefox web browser.


Premise: How many units of the Wii version of Twilight Princess had been purchased by the end of March 2011?

Hypothesis: During its first week, the game was sold with three of every four Wii purchases.