Premise: Who promoted strict immersion baptism?

Hypothesis: According to Tom Nettles, professor of historical theology at Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, "Spilsbury's cogent arguments for a gathered, disciplined congregation of believers baptized by immersion as constituting the New Testament church gave expression to and built on insights that had emerged within separatism, advanced in the life of John Smyth and the suffering congregation of Thomas Helwys, and matured in Particular Baptists."


Premise: Why can't some memories be held onto forever?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, we can remember telephone numbers for many years through repetition; this information is said to be stored in long-term memory.


Premise: During what years was the Aztec Empire conquered?

Hypothesis: The cochineal in Mexico was closely related to the Kermes varieties of Europe, but unlike European Kermes, it could be harvested several times a year, and it was ten times stronger than the Kermes of Poland.


Premise: How many Italians lived in Libya prior to October of 1970?

Hypothesis: Moving to reduce Italian influence, in October 1970 all Italian-owned assets were expropriated and the 12,000-strong Italian community expelled from Libya alongside a smaller number of Jews.


Premise: What can happen if a doctor doesn't prescribe to a person's weight and prior use?

Hypothesis: Other forms of misuse include failure to take the entire prescribed course of the antibiotic, incorrect dosage and administration, or failure to rest for sufficient recovery.


Premise: What Emperor initially created the quota system?

Hypothesis: He was the top civil and military leader of the commandery and handled defense, lawsuits, seasonal instructions to farmers and recommendations of nominees for office sent annually to the capital in a quota system first established by Emperor Wu.


Premise: Beyonce confirmed what after performing one of her songs?

Hypothesis: At the end of the performance, she dropped her microphone, unbuttoned her blazer and rubbed her stomach, confirming her pregnancy she had alluded to earlier in the evening.


Premise: What is the total population of Christians in the world?

Hypothesis: Protestants account for nearly forty percent of Christians worldwide and more than one tenth of the total human population.


Premise: What would be the traditional form of a gender-invariable adjective?

Hypothesis: Thus, one can find bullent/bullenta ("boiling") in contrast with traditional bullent/bullent.


Premise: What was Queen's massive 1975 hit single called?

Hypothesis: The latter featured the single "Bohemian Rhapsody", which stayed at number one in the UK charts for nine weeks.


Premise: The "Lunniy Korabl" or "LK" would carry how many people?

Hypothesis: Korolev's lunar landing program was designated N1/L3, for its N1 superbooster and a more advanced Soyuz 7K-L3 spacecraft, also known as the lunar orbital module ("Lunniy Orbitalny Korabl", LOK), with a crew of two.


Premise: What did the Romans do for those deities that favored Rome?

Hypothesis: Some evidently favoured Rome because Rome honoured them, but none were intrinsically, irredeemably foreign or alien.


Premise: At approximately what time did paramedics receive the call about Kanye West's mother, Donda?

Hypothesis: On November 10, 2007, at approximately 7:35 pm, paramedics responding to an emergency call transported West's mother, Donda West, to the nearby Centinela Freeman Hospital in Marina del Rey, California.


Premise: When is the Houston Livestock show and Rodeo held?

Hypothesis: The largest and longest running is the annual Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, held over 20 days from early to late March, is the largest annual livestock show and rodeo in the world.


Premise: In Iran, who has the final say in all matters directly related to the Supreme Leader?

Hypothesis: Eight Vice-Presidents serve under the President, as well as a cabinet of twenty-two ministers, who must all be approved by the legislature.


Premise: Which colors of 45 were available as late as 1952 before being discontinued?

Hypothesis: All colors were soon dropped in favor of black because of production problems.


Premise: What is the main action AC and DC systems have to deal with?

Hypothesis: Where should this conversion take place and at what voltage and current (AC or DC) should the power flow to the locomotive?


Premise: What was the age range of colonial child workers?

Hypothesis: Sophisticated schemes were promulgated where children in these colonies between the ages of 5–14 were hired as an apprentice without pay in exchange for learning a craft.


Premise: Who was the first professor for the American studies program?

Hypothesis: Also during the 1940s and 1950s, Wyoming millionaire William Robertson Coe made large contributions to the American studies programs at Yale University and at the University of Wyoming.


Premise: What else does clinical immunology concern itself with?

Hypothesis: It also involves diseases of other systems, where immune reactions play a part in the pathology and clinical features.


Premise: What Royal Navy base is present in Plymouth?

Hypothesis: Devonport Dockyard is the UK's only naval base that refits nuclear submarines and the Navy estimates that the Dockyard generates about 10% of Plymouth's income.


Premise: Who assassinated the German diplomat Eduard Ernst vom Rath?

Hypothesis: The Gryszpan's son Herschel Grynszpan was in Paris at the time.


Premise: When did most of the jazz clubs close down?

Hypothesis: Immediately after the War The Saint-Germain-des-Pres quarter and the nearby Saint-Michel quarter became home to many small jazz clubs, mostly found in cellars because of a lack of space; these included the Caveau des Lorientais, the Club Saint-Germain, the Rose Rouge, the Vieux-Colombier, and the most famous, Le Tabou.


Premise: Who was the earliest missionary to Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: The Rev. A. W. Murray, the earliest European missionary in Tuvalu, reported that in 1863 about 170 people were taken from Funafuti and about 250 were taken from Nukulaelae, as there were fewer than 100 of the 300 recorded in 1861 as living on Nukulaelae.


Premise: What are the thermochemical cycyles in a testing phase for?

Hypothesis: There are more than 200 thermochemical cycles which can be used for water splitting, around a dozen of these cycles such as the iron oxide cycle, cerium(IV)


Premise: In 1830, what part of England did Victoria travel to with Dutchess of Kent and Conroy?

Hypothesis: In 1830, the Duchess of Kent and Conroy took Victoria across the centre of England to visit the Malvern Hills, stopping at towns and great country houses along the way.


Premise: Where did Nasser and his wife live after they were married?

Hypothesis: After their wedding, the couple moved into a house in Manshiyat al-Bakri, a suburb of Cairo, where they would live for the rest of their lives.


Premise: Who did Frick replace republican police with?

Hypothesis: He also ensured that whenever an important position came up within Thuringia, he used his power to ensure that a Nazi was given that post.


Premise: What medium did Immanuel Velikovsky not publish his works in that is accepted practice?

Hypothesis: Immanuel Velikovsky is an example of a recent scientific exoheretic; he did not have appropriate scientific credentials or did not publish in scientific journals.


Premise: Is there anyway to decrease travel time in getting to Myanmar ?

Hypothesis: Flights are available from most countries, though direct flights are limited to mainly Thai and other ASEAN airlines.


Premise: Where are the high altitude bands of clouds on Neptune?

Hypothesis: There are also high-altitude cloud bands that wrap around the planet at constant latitude.


Premise: What does FOB stand for?

Hypothesis: The most common tent uses for the military are as temporary barracks (sleeping quarters), DFAC buildings (dining facilities), forward operating bases (FOBs), after action review (AAR), tactical operations center (TOC), morale, welfare, and recreation (MWR) facilities, and security checkpoints.


Premise: How did Victoria feel about the resignation of Gladstone?

Hypothesis: Victoria was pleased when Gladstone resigned in 1885 after his budget was defeated.


Premise: What famous person is mentioned as having the surname Ashkenazi?

Hypothesis: Several famous people have Ashkenazi as a surname, such as Vladimir Ashkenazy.


Premise: How many stories tall is the main library at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: This mural is popularly known as "Touchdown Jesus" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.


Premise: Who painted Hidalgo's image on half a dozen murals?

Hypothesis: José Clemente Orozco depicted him with a flaming torch of liberty and considered the painting among his best work.


Premise: What year was Prohibition enacted nationally?

Hypothesis: During Prohibition, which was enacted nationally in 1919 and lasted until 1933, much liquor was consumed and gambling regularly took place in the back rooms of nightclubs and restaurants.


Premise: What are endosymbionts of the bacteria?

Hypothesis: The Ti and Ri plasmids are thus endosymbionts of the bacteria, which are in turn endosymbionts (or parasites) of the infected plant.


Premise: When were wartime licensing laws ended in Scotland?

Hypothesis: Scotland's and Northern Ireland's licensing laws have long been more flexible, allowing local authorities to set pub opening and closing times.


Premise: What percentage of BYU students are from Utah?

Hypothesis: Approximately 99 percent of the students are members of the LDS Church, and one-third of its US students are from Utah.


Premise: When is it theorized that Homo habilis evolved in East Africa?

Hypothesis: Homo erectus is theorized to have evolved more than 1.8 million years ago, and by 1.5 million years ago had spread throughout Europe and Asia.


Premise: Where was the Abbasid court based?

Hypothesis: " In fact, it was precisely this class of scholars, based largely in Iraq, that was responsible for collecting and recording the traditions that form the primary source material for the history of the Umayyad period.


Premise: What scholarship is awarded in New Haven by Yale University to public school students meeting specified criteria?

Hypothesis: The city is home to New Haven Promise, a scholarship funded by Yale University for students who meet the requirements.


Premise: On what did a 2009 study conclude that increased insects were dependent?

Hypothesis: The secondary pests were mostly miridae (plant bugs) whose increase was related to local temperature and rainfall and only continued to increase in half the villages studied.


Premise: Which articles of the EU Copyright Directive address circumvention of copyright protection?

Hypothesis: Equivalent provisions, to prevent circumvention of copyright protection have existed in EU for some time, and are being expanded in, for example, Article 6 and 7 the Copyright Directive.


Premise: in 1921, what percent of Mexico City's population Mestizo?

Hypothesis: According to the 1921 census, 54.78% of the city's population was considered Mestizo (Indigenous mixed with European), 22.79% considered European, and 18.74% considered Indigenous.


Premise: What were Elizabeth's parents' titles after ascending to the throne?

Hypothesis: Elizabeth was born in London to the Duke and Duchess of York, later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, and was the elder of their two daughters.


Premise: When did a group of researchers decide to sequence the genomic structure of tetraploid cotton?

Hypothesis: A public genome sequencing effort of cotton was initiated in 2007 by a consortium of public researchers.


Premise: Where were the 2010 Winter Olympics held?

Hypothesis: Those games were eventually awarded to Vancouver, Canada.


Premise: What change in building heights did Seattle make to increase population density in its downtown ?

Hypothesis: However, former mayor Greg Nickels supported plans that would increase the population by 60%, or 350,000 people, by 2040 and worked on ways to accommodate this growth while keeping Seattle's single-family housing zoning laws.


Premise: The statues of who were thought to incarnate his living presence?

Hypothesis: Just as in the arts the Greeks sought some reality behind appearances, so in mathematics they sought permanent principles which could be applied wherever the conditions were the same.


Premise: Downstream operations produces what percent of Shell's profits worldwide?

Hypothesis: Downstream operations, which now also includes the chemicals business, generates a third of Shell's profits worldwide and is known for its global network of more than 40,000 petrol stations and its 47 oil refineries.


Premise: Afrotheria,Xenartha, and Boreoeutheria deprives from which two lineages?

Hypothesis: Classification systems based on molecular studies reveal three major groups or lineages of placental mammals- Afrotheria, Xenarthra, and Boreoeutheria- which diverged from early common ancestors in the Cretaceous.


Premise: The history of Jews in Greece goes back to which era?

Hypothesis: The Greek historian Herodotus knew of the Jews, whom he called "Palestinian Syrians", and listed them among the levied naval forces in service of the invading Persians.


Premise: What activity in relation to breakthrough pain requires heavy use of opiods?

Hypothesis: It is common in cancer patients who often have background pain that is generally well-controlled by medications, but who also sometimes experience bouts of severe pain that from time to time "breaks through" the medication.


Premise: What is the name of Beyoncé's female tour band?

Hypothesis: The band have supported Beyoncé in most subsequent live performances, including her 2007 concert tour The Beyoncé Experience, 2009–2010 I Am... World Tour and 2013–2014 The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour.


Premise: What praised John's "great renown" as a king?

Hypothesis: Tudor historians were generally favourably inclined towards the king, focusing on John's opposition to the Papacy and his promotion of the special rights and prerogatives of a king.


Premise: What is a key type of Architecture in Somerset

Hypothesis: Other historic houses in the county which have remained in private ownership or used for other purposes include Halswell House and Marston Bigot.


Premise: What makes weather predictions difficult in the archipelago region?

Hypothesis: Some islands in Azores do have drier months in the summer.


Premise: What document labeled the the description of the citizenship policy of Estonia as "discriminatory"?

Hypothesis: The 2008 United Nations Human Rights Council report called "extremely credible" the description of the citizenship policy of Estonia as "discriminatory".


Premise: What are examples of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

Hypothesis: Although asthma is a chronic obstructive condition, it is not considered as a part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as this term refers specifically to combinations of disease that are irreversible such as bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema.


Premise: How many organisations are estimated to maintain computer systems with effective detection systems?

Hypothesis: However, relatively few organisations maintain computer systems with effective detection systems, and fewer still have organised response mechanisms in place.


Premise: What was Jin Jing called by ethnic Chinese?

Hypothesis: The Chinese government gave the comment that "the Chinese respect France a lot" but "Paris [has slapped] its own face."


Premise: What did the ECB do to help stabilise the financial system during the subprime mortgage crisis?

Hypothesis: The latter can be seen, for example, in the bank's intervention during the subprime mortgage crisis when it loaned billions of euros to banks to stabilise the financial system.


Premise: What is the masonic term for the deistic divine being who created a scientifically ordered universe?

Hypothesis: In fact, many lodges praised the Grand Architect, the masonic terminology for the deistic divine being who created a scientifically ordered universe.


Premise: Of what event was Beyonce honorary chair?

Hypothesis: She was also honorary chair of the 2013 Met Gala.


Premise: What is Nigeria's branded electronics manufacturer?

Hypothesis: Nigeria also has few Electronic manufacturers like Zinox, the first Branded Nigerian Computer and Electronic gadgets (like tablet PCs) manufacturers.


Premise: Along with foods and family relationships, what sorts of words are similar in French and Italian?

Hypothesis: For example, the Italian and French words for various foods, some family relationships, and body parts are very similar to each other, yet most of those words are completely different in Spanish.


Premise: On what date did the loyalists and Redcoats land in New Haven Harbor to commence a raid on New Haven?

Hypothesis: On July 5, 1779, 2,600 loyalists and British regulars under General William Tryon, governor of New York, landed in New Haven Harbor and raided the 3,500-person town.


Premise: Where is the Raleigh Memorial Auditorium?

Hypothesis: Theater performances are also offered at the Raleigh Little Theatre, Long View Center, Ira David Wood III Pullen Park Theatre, and Stewart and Thompson Theaters at North Carolina State University.


Premise: Ivan Broz stated that a Dalmatian identifiying as a Serb was just as foreign as what two other ethnicities?

Hypothesis: Their loyalty was first and foremost to Catholic Christendom, but when they professed an ethnic identity, they referred to themselves as "Slovin" and "Illyrian" (a sort of forerunner of Catholic baroque pan-Slavism) and Croat – these 30-odd writers over the span of c. 350 years always saw themselves as Croats first and never as part of a Serbian nation.


Premise: What was Martin Luther's response when challenged to recant his heresy?

Hypothesis: When he refused, he was placed under the ban of the Empire by Charles V. Receiving the protection of Frederick the Wise, he was then able to translate the Bible into German.


Premise: Bacterial infections could be treated with medicines containing what kind of dye?

Hypothesis: Ehrlich, noting both the general toxicity of arsenic and the selective absorption of certain dyes by bacteria, hypothesized that an arsenic-containing dye with similar selective absorption properties could be used to treat bacterial infections.


Premise: The Byzantine Greek σκλάβος sklábos "slave," which was in turn apparently derived from what?

Hypothesis: The English word Slav could be derived from the Middle English word sclave, which was borrowed from Medieval Latin sclavus or slavus, itself a borrowing and Byzantine Greek σκλάβος sklábos "slave," which was in turn apparently derived from a misunderstanding of the Slavic autonym (denoting a speaker of their own languages).


Premise: What does coccumque bis tinctum translate to in english?

Hypothesis: Coccus, from the ancient Greek Kokkos, means a tiny grain and is the term that was used in ancient times for the Kermes vermilio insect used to make the Kermes dye.


Premise: What organization did Arafat belong to?

Hypothesis: He funded the Black September Organization who perpetrated the 1972 Munich massacre of Israeli athletes in West Germany, and had the killed militants' bodies flown to Libya for a hero's funeral.


Premise: What was the name of Trident's subsidiary?

Hypothesis: In 1972, Queen entered discussions with Trident Studios after being spotted at De La Lane Studios by John Anthony and after discussions were offered a management deal by Norman Sheffield under Neptune Productions, a subsidiary of Trident to manage the band and enable them to use the facilities at Trident to record new material whilst the management search for a record label to sign Queen.


Premise: What does it mean when Erie states that deference is one way only?

Hypothesis: And under Erie, deference is one-way only: state courts are not bound by federal interpretations of state law.


Premise: What was the fist song released by Kelly Clarkson after winning American Idol?

Hypothesis: The single, "A Moment Like This", went on to break a 38-year-old record held by The Beatles for the biggest leap to number one on the Billboard Hot 100.


Premise: Where is the Catalan Algherese dialect spoken?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, the Gallo-Romance language of Ligurian and the Catalan Algherese dialect are also spoken in Sardinia.


Premise: What is shariah?

Hypothesis: A regular curriculum includes courses in Arabic, tafsir (Qur'anic interpretation), sharīʻah (Islamic law), hadiths (recorded sayings and deeds of Muhammad), mantiq (logic), and Muslim history.


Premise: How many people in Burma are currently using a work visa for Thailand?

Hypothesis: People who were out of the country at the time of the census are not included in these figures.


Premise: What award did Gilbert refuse in 1998?

Hypothesis: In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a poetry anthology and exhibition of Aboriginal photography.


Premise: What was the name of the building involved in the bombing?

Hypothesis: The city was founded during the Land Run of 1889, and grew to a population of over 10,000 within hours of its founding.


Premise: What was Whitehead's mother's name?

Hypothesis: Whitehead's mother was Maria Sarah Whitehead, formerly Maria Sarah Buckmaster.


Premise: What gives mountain vallys their characteristic "V" shape before glacation?

Hypothesis: Before glaciation, mountain valleys have a characteristic "V" shape, produced by eroding water.


Premise: When was the disagreement settled out of court?

Hypothesis: It was settled out of court by her lawyers in June 2013 who said that they had cancelled because GateFive had lost its financial backers.


Premise: What Charleston Reverend established the Jenkins Orphanage?

Hypothesis: The orphanage accepted donations of musical instruments and Rev. Jenkins hired local Charleston musicians and Avery Institute Graduates to tutor the boys in music.


Premise: Who was included in a team that worked on the standard at Intel?

Hypothesis: A team including Ajay Bhatt worked on the standard at Intel; the first integrated circuits supporting USB were produced by Intel in 1995.


Premise: Who did an analysis of World Values Survey data?

Hypothesis: In a factor analysis of the latest wave of World Values Survey data, Arno Tausch (Corvinus University of Budapest) found that Protestantism emerges to be very close to combining religion and the traditions of liberalism.


Premise: What was the occupation of the person who devised the Tanner categorization system?

Hypothesis: Changes in secondary sex characteristics include every change that is not directly related to sexual reproduction.


Premise: Polish nation ruled by what dynasty?

Hypothesis: The Period of Division from, A.D., 1138 – A.D., 1314, which included nearly 200 years of feudal fragmentation and which stemmed from Bolesław III's division of Poland among his sons, was the genesis of the social structure which saw the economic elevation of the great landowning feudal nobles (możni/Magnates, both ecclesiastical and lay) from the rycerstwo they originated from.


Premise: What races were prohibited from official relationships with whites?

Hypothesis: In California and the western US, there were greater numbers of Latino and Asian residents.


Premise: What is the group that human psychology belongs to?

Hypothesis: These new forms of investigation assume that a wide understanding of the human mind is possible, and that such an understanding may be applied to other research domains, such as artificial intelligence.


Premise: At what pub did Thomas Paine write The Rights of Man?

Hypothesis: The Angel, Islington was formerly a coaching inn, the first on the route northwards out of London, where Thomas Paine is believed to have written much of The Rights of Man.


Premise: What did Hayek want society to function around?

Hypothesis: Hayek argued that his ideal individualistic, free-market polity would be self-regulating to such a degree that it would be 'a society which does not depend for its functioning on our finding good men for running it'.


Premise: In what way was gladiatorial combat considered?

Hypothesis: Even so, the gladiators swore their lives to the infernal gods, and the combat was dedicated as an offering to the di manes or other gods.


Premise: What institution reported that the traditional banking systems does not have the capital to close the gap in the lending mechanism?

Hypothesis: According to the Brookings Institution, the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap as of June 2009: "It would take a number of years of strong profits to generate sufficient capital to support that additional lending volume".


Premise: Who wrote 'Empire of the Sun'?

Hypothesis: In 1987, as China began opening to Western capital investment, Spielberg shot the first American film in Shanghai since the 1930s, an adaptation of J. G. Ballard's autobiographical novel Empire of the Sun, starring John Malkovich and a young Christian Bale.


Premise: What is the most frequently used writing script for the Somali language?

Hypothesis: The script was developed by the Somali linguist Shire Jama Ahmed specifically for the Somali language, and uses all letters of the English Latin alphabet except p, v and z. Besides Ahmed's Latin script, other orthographies that have been used for centuries for writing Somali include the long-established Arabic script and Wadaad's writing.


Premise: Where does the gaseous oxygen form at?

Hypothesis: If, however, the gas is to be burnt on site, oxygen is desirable to assist the combustion, and so both electrodes would be made from inert metals.


Premise: What do water birds avoid while migrating?

Hypothesis: The same considerations about barriers and detours that apply to long-distance land-bird migration apply to water birds, but in reverse: a large area of land without bodies of water that offer feeding sites may also be a barrier to a bird that feeds in coastal waters.


Premise: What happened to Powers in the Soviet Union?

Hypothesis: The Soviets put Captain Powers on trial and displayed parts of the U-2, which had been recovered almost fully intact.


Premise: Who won a Nobel Prize for the discovery that cells in the visual cortex of monkeys become active when sharp edges move?

Hypothesis: A few years later David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel discovered cells in the primary visual cortex of monkeys that become active when sharp edges move across specific points in the field of view—a discovery for which they won a Nobel Prize.


Premise: What portion of the Swazi population are subsistence farmers?

Hypothesis: This dual nature of the Swazi economy, with high productivity in textile manufacturing and in the industrialised agricultural TDLs on the one hand, and declining productivity subsistence agriculture (on SNL) on the other, may well explain the country's overall low growth, high inequality and unemployment.


Premise: What is it called when relatives are favored over other people?

Hypothesis: A lesser form might be in the Southern United States with Good ol' boys, where women and minorities are excluded.


Premise: What is the formulia to determine torque?

Hypothesis: For calculating the torque it is necessary to know the fields in the air gap .


Premise: How many of Chopin's Polish songs did Liszt transliterate for piano?

Hypothesis: Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works.


Premise: How was the Antarctic Peninsula formed?

Hypothesis: There is also evidence of volcanic activity, even after the ice sheet had formed, in Marie Byrd Land and Alexander Island.


Premise: What is the importance of having phyla in the body?

Hypothesis: Bacteria in the gut perform many important functions for humans, including breaking down and aiding in the absorption of otherwise indigestible food; stimulating cell growth; repressing the growth of harmful bacteria, training the immune system to respond only to pathogens; producing vitamin B12; and defending against some infectious diseases.


Premise: According to the Action Tendency Model, the opposite of approach is described as unmoving with what?

Hypothesis: Research that tested the competing hypotheses generated by all four models also supported the Action Tendency Model.


Premise: What is a recent development in sequencing methods?

Hypothesis: A major step toward that goal was the completion in 2007 of the full genome of James D. Watson, one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA.


Premise: Which Russian rocket carries passengers to and from the International Space Station?

Hypothesis: It also ferries both Russian and American crews to and from the station.


Premise: What speed of film is the Ilford Delta 3200?

Hypothesis: Some high-speed black-and-white films, such as Ilford Delta 3200 and Kodak T-MAX P3200, are marketed with film speeds in excess of their true ISO speed as determined using the ISO testing method.


Premise: Where is Valencia's City Hall located?

Hypothesis: There is a large fountain at the northern end.


Premise: What has the U.S Department of Agriculture done to help watch for the snakes?

Hypothesis: The United States Department of Agriculture has trained detector dogs to keep the snakes out of the island's cargo flow.


Premise: What was Microsoft Windows 3.0's performance comparable to?

Hypothesis: Microsoft Windows 3.0 was released in May 1990, and according to a common saying at the time "Windows was not as good as Macintosh, but it was good enough for the average user".


Premise: Who became Mayor in january, 2014?

Hypothesis: Boston has a strong mayor – council government system in which the mayor (elected every fourth year) has extensive executive power.


Premise: Geechee dances are associated with the music of what type of worker?

Hypothesis: In turn, the music of Charleston has had an influence on that of the rest of the country.


Premise: Over how many years did Gurian edit the Review of Politics at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: For 44 years, the Review was edited by Gurian, Matthew Fitzsimons, Frederick Crosson, and Thomas Stritch.


Premise: What kind of guns started attracting attention?

Hypothesis: By the early 20th century balloon, or airship, guns, for land and naval use were attracting attention.


Premise: What were the Soviets hoping to stop?

Hypothesis: On January 13, 1991, Soviet troops, along with the KGB Spetsnaz Alpha Group, stormed the Vilnius TV Tower in Lithuania to suppress the independence movement.


Premise: The first of several revolutions began when?

Hypothesis: The first of these revolts began on 6 March 1821 in the Danubian Principalities under the leadership of Alexandros Ypsilantis, but it was soon put down by the Ottomans.


Premise: Can new methods determine a total number of bacteria species?

Hypothesis: Following present classification, there are a little less than 9,300 known species of prokaryotes, which includes bacteria and archaea; but attempts to estimate the true number of bacterial diversity have ranged from 107 to 109 total species – and even these diverse estimates may be off by many orders of magnitude.


Premise: When did Heine die?

Hypothesis: The Bronx has also become home to a peculiar poetic tribute, in the form of the Heinrich Heine Memorial, better known as the Lorelei Fountain from one of Heine's best-known works (1838).


Premise: Who became president of Russia after Gorbachev left office?

Hypothesis: The declaration acknowledged the independence of the former Soviet republics and created the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), although five of the signatories ratified it much later or not at all.


Premise: Companies such as Huawei, ZTE and Lenovo have built what in Nanjing?

Hypothesis: Nanjing is an industrial technology research and development hub, hosting many R & D centers and institutions, especially in areas of electronics technology, information technology, computer software, biotechnology and pharmaceutical technology and new material technology.


Premise: What else can radio waves be called?

Hypothesis: It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver.


Premise: What effect did the introduction of innovative financial products have on a single mortgage?

Hypothesis: It multiplied the number of actors connected to a single mortgage (including mortgage brokers, specialized originators, the securitizers and their due diligence firms, managing agents and trading desks, and finally investors, insurances and providers of repo funding).


Premise: What was the Russian Federations previous legal name?

Hypothesis: In a nationally televised speech early in the morning of December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR – or, as he put it, "I hereby discontinue my activities at the post of President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics."


Premise: What gun did the Royal Navy start using?

Hypothesis: At the same time the Royal Navy adopted a new 4.5-inch (114 mm) gun in a twin turret, which the army adopted in simplified single-gun mountings for static positions, mostly around ports where naval ammunition was available.


Premise: How many bridges does Nanjing have over the Yangtze River?

Hypothesis: As of October 2014, Nanjing had five bridges and two tunnels over the Yangtze River, which are tying districts north of the river with the city centre on the south bank.


Premise: In what year did New Jersey voters pass a referendum approving casino gambling for Atlantic City?

Hypothesis: The boxer Mike Tyson had most of his fights in Atlantic City in the 1980s, which helped Atlantic City achieve nationwide attention as a gambling resort.


Premise: What agency maintains the Presidential Library system?

Hypothesis: The Presidential Libraries include:


Premise: What team did Nwankwo Kanu go on to play on?

Hypothesis: Other players that graduated from the junior teams are Nduka Ugbade, Jonathan Akpoborie, Victor Ikpeba, Celestine Babayaro, Wilson Oruma and Taye Taiwo.


Premise: What is the legislature composed of?

Hypothesis: Each House member represents an electoral district within a county as drawn by the National Elections Commission and is elected by a plurality of the popular vote of their district into a six-year term.


Premise: How do Hawking and Mlodinow believe the question of God can be answered?

Hypothesis: Both authors claim however, that it is possible to answer these questions purely within the realm of science, and without invoking any divine beings.


Premise: What city was the destination of RMS Queen Elizabeth 2?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi was infuriated that Egypt had not done more to prevent the incident, and in retaliation planned to destroy the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2, a British ship chartered by American Jews to sail to Haifa for Israel's 25th anniversary.


Premise: What date did Thomas Watson, Jr. send out a letter about IBM hiring the best people regardless of race, gender, or origin?

Hypothesis: On September 21, 1953, Thomas Watson, Jr., the company's president at the time, sent out a controversial letter to all IBM employees stating that IBM needed to hire the best people, regardless of their race, ethnic origin, or gender.


Premise: What is the region of the chromosome at which a particular gene is located called?

Hypothesis: The region of the chromosome at which a particular gene is located is called its locus.


Premise: On what day were nine people killed in the Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church?

Hypothesis: On July 10, 2015, the Confederate battle flag was removed from the South Carolina State House.


Premise: What is the name given when zones of gradation exits?

Hypothesis: These may form zones of gradation known as clines.


Premise: What is the Tibetan name for Mount Kailash?

Hypothesis: The Tibetan name for Mt. Kailash is Khang Rinpoche.


Premise: How many people might live in a large peasant settlement?

Hypothesis: Some peasants lived in large settlements that numbered as many as 700 inhabitants.


Premise: What was the span of the Late Triassic?

Hypothesis: The recent warming led to a boom of reptilian evolution on land as the first true dinosaurs evolve, as well as pterosaurs.


Premise: What is Mr. Hinx's job?

Hypothesis: When Oberhauser addresses Bond by name, he escapes and is pursued by Mr. Hinx, a Spectre assassin.


Premise: What type of band was System of a Down?

Hypothesis: Other Armenian diasporans that rose to fame in classical or international music circles are world-renowned French-Armenian singer and composer Charles Aznavour, pianist Sahan Arzruni, prominent opera sopranos such as Hasmik Papian and more recently Isabel Bayrakdarian and Anna Kasyan.


Premise: Where was Victoria laid to rest?

Hypothesis: Her funeral was held on Saturday, 2 February, in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, and after two days of lying-in-state, she was interred beside Prince Albert in Frogmore Mausoleum at Windsor Great Park.


Premise: Who invaded the Archaemenid Empire in 334BC?

Hypothesis: In 334 BC, Alexander the Great invaded the Achaemenid Empire, defeating the last Achaemenid emperor, Darius III, at the Battle of Issus.


Premise: Why were Londoners forced to sleep in shelters?

Hypothesis: Few predicted that attacks by night would force Londoners to sleep in shelters.


Premise: What is an alloy?

Hypothesis: An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element.


Premise: Which general's zeal and lack of planning led to cutting off Prince Charles from his calvary?

Hypothesis: He moved straight toward the town of Spicheren, cutting off Prince Frederick Charles from his forward cavalry units in the process.


Premise: What are Indo-Iranian languages a subset of?

Hypothesis: The speakers of Iranian languages are known as Iranian peoples.


Premise: What portion of China's elite universities still have a primary polytechnical focus today?

Hypothesis: To this day, about half of China's elite universities remain essentially polytechnical.


Premise: The most popular early Marvel heroes were collectively and colloquially known as what?

Hypothesis: Timely also published one of humor cartoonist Basil Wolverton's best-known features, "Powerhouse Pepper", as well as a line of children's funny-animal comics featuring popular characters like Super Rabbit and the duo Ziggy Pig and Silly Seal.


Premise: What air sports event did Brasilia host in 2003?

Hypothesis: In 2003, Brasília hosted the 14th Hang Gliding World Championship, one of the categories of free flying.


Premise: The Zune video marketplace was merged with what Live feature?

Hypothesis: This is of an impact on the Xbox Live Video Store as it was also announced that the Zune Video Marketplace and the Xbox Live Video Store will be merged to form the Zune Marketplace, which will be arriving on Xbox Live in 7 countries initially, the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Italy, Germany, Ireland and Spain.


Premise: Where did Buddha reside when he was alive?

Hypothesis: BCE.[note 1] He is recognized by Buddhists as an awakened or enlightened teacher who shared his insights to help sentient beings end their suffering through the elimination of ignorance and craving.


Premise: Islamic World is another way to refer to what?

Hypothesis: In a religious sense, the Islamic Ummah refers to those who adhere to the teachings of Islam, referred to as Muslims.


Premise: What other country designed similar systems to the Predictor?

Hypothesis: Similar predictor systems were introduced by Germany during the war, also adding radar ranging as the war progressed.


Premise: Who designed the Palacio Taranco?

Hypothesis: The palace is often used as a meeting place by the Uruguayan government.


Premise: How many people in Boston use public transportation?

Hypothesis: Boston's subway system, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA—known as the "T") operates the oldest underground rapid transit system in the Americas, and is the fourth-busiest rapid transit system in the country, with 65.5 miles (105 km) of track on four lines.


Premise: Who else uses antibiotics besides the medical industry?

Hypothesis: This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country".


Premise: What are parapodia?

Hypothesis: The parapodia ("limbs") of annelids that have them often bear more complex chetae at their tips – for example jointed, comb-like or hooked.


Premise: Who warned of possible seismic activity in the area beforehand?

Hypothesis: The earthquake generated deformations of the surface greater than 3 meters and increased the stress (and probability of occurrence of future events) at the northeastern and southwestern ends of the fault.


Premise: Which country has been resistant to attempts to make the soverign debt assets more like the U.S. Treasury?

Hypothesis: If the European central bank were to deal directly with failing banking systems sovereign debt would not look as leveraged relative to national income in the financially weaker member states.


Premise: Who developed the first encephalitis vaccine?

Hypothesis: In 1944, Maurice Hilleman of Squibb Pharmaceuticals developed the first vaccine against Japanese encephelitis.


Premise: A result of air being sucked into or blown out of the lung thats moving its pressure gradient is referred to?

Hypothesis: As a result, air is sucked into or expelled out of the lungs, always moving down its pressure gradient.


Premise: Lake Hood is located next to what International Airport?

Hypothesis: Many communities have small air taxi services.


Premise: How big is the Zoo Los Coyotes?

Hypothesis: In this zoo, opened in 1964, there are species that are in danger of extinction such as the jaguar and the Mexican wolf.


Premise: What did Atkins claim the term house reflected?

Hypothesis: Juan Atkins, an originator of Detroit techno music, claims the term "house" reflected the exclusive association of particular tracks with particular clubs and DJs; those records helped differentiate the clubs and DJs, and thus were considered to be their "house" records.


Premise: What did John do when Richard did not return from his crusade?

Hypothesis: John retreated to Normandy, where Richard finally found him later that year.


Premise: What is the Census definition not based on?

Hypothesis: The U.S. census race definitions says a "black" is a person having origins in any of the black (sub-Saharan) racial groups of Africa.


Premise: What cause H2 to resemble monatomic gas?

Hypothesis: According to quantum theory, this behavior arises from the spacing of the (quantized) rotational energy levels, which are particularly wide-spaced in H2 because of its low mass.


Premise: Why did the train catch fire?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, a cargo train carrying 13 petrol tanks derailed in Hui County, Gansu, and caught on fire after the rail was distorted.


Premise: When is political change easier?

Hypothesis: If factions in a two-party system are in fundamental disagreement on policy goals, or even principles, they can be slow to make policy changes, which appears to be the case now in the U.S. with power split between Democrats and Republicans.


Premise: What type of number system was standard in Sumer and Babylonia?

Hypothesis: This sexagesimal system became the standard number system in Sumer and Babylonia.


Premise: Where do most systems go to get the data they use to calculate local time?

Hypothesis: Many systems in use today base their date/time calculations from data derived from the IANA time zone database also known as zoneinfo.


Premise: Members of which committee attended the conference?

Hypothesis: From January 18–20, 2010 a national conference on Tibet and areas inhabited by Tibetans in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai was held in China and a substantial plan to improve development of the areas was announced.


Premise: What did Russia fail to build south?

Hypothesis: By the war's end, everyone realized the profound weaknesses of the Russian military, and the Russian leadership was determined to reform it.


Premise: What is the second largest library in France?

Hypothesis: It was founded by the German administration after the complete destruction of the previous municipal library in 1871 and holds the unique status of being simultaneously a students' and a national library.


Premise: Which Atlantic writer gave a negative review of Spectre?

Hypothesis: Christopher Orr, writing in The Atlantic, also criticised the film, saying that Spectre "backslides on virtually every [aspect]".


Premise: What was Aeneas trying to accomplish in the Aeneid?

Hypothesis: Modeled after Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the Aeneid follows the Trojan refugee Aeneas as he struggles to fulfill his destiny and arrive on the shores of Italy—in Roman mythology the founding act of Rome.


Premise: Where did gag cartoons first make an appearance?

Hypothesis: Gag and editorial cartoons usually consist of a single panel, often incorporating a caption or speech balloon.


Premise: What is the Ministry of Health responsible for?

Hypothesis: In practice, however, the autonomy of regional health administrations over budget setting and spending has been limited to primary care.


Premise: What is one trait that horizontal gene transfer is a common means of spreading?

Hypothesis: It is a common means of spreading antibiotic resistance, virulence, and adaptive metabolic functions.


Premise: Whose rise to power in 1922 brought profounc change to the government in Italian Eritrea?

Hypothesis: In 1922, Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy brought profound changes to the colonial government in Italian Eritrea.


Premise: How did Victoria feel about Albert?

Hypothesis: According to her diary, she enjoyed Albert's company from the beginning.


Premise: What qualities did Victoria believe Albert posessed when she met him?

Hypothesis: Victoria wrote to her uncle Leopold, whom Victoria considered her "best and kindest adviser", to thank him "for the prospect of great happiness you have contributed to give me, in the person of dear Albert ...


Premise: Who was the son of Philip of Macedon?

Hypothesis: His son Alexander the Great rapidly conquered much of the ancient world, spreading Greek culture and science from the eastern Mediterranean to the Indus River.


Premise: How many Byzantine mosaics survived past the 8th century?

Hypothesis: Among the rare examples are the 6th-century Christ in majesty (or Ezekiel's Vision) mosaic in the apse of the Church of Hosios David in Thessaloniki that was hidden behind mortar during those dangerous times.


Premise: By what is the fusion of Islamic and Indian cultures called?

Hypothesis: The resulting "Indo-Muslim" fusion of cultures left lasting syncretic monuments in architecture, music, literature, religion, and clothing.


Premise: To whom was Messi's goal in the first leg of the Copa del Rey compared?

Hypothesis: Barcelona advanced to the semi-finals of the Copa del Rey, winning the first leg against Getafe 5–2, with a goal from Messi bringing comparison to Diego Maradona's goal of the century, but then lost the second leg 4–0.


Premise: What area has historically been the literary hub of London?

Hypothesis: London has been the setting for many works of literature.


Premise: In the old PCB design method, what was used to connect component pin pads?

Hypothesis: Starting from the schematic diagram the component pin pads were laid out on the mylar and then traces were routed to connect the pads.


Premise: How vast was the backgrounds of the captives?

Hypothesis: This is significant as the captives came from a vast geographic region: the West African coastline stretching from Senegal to Angola and in some cases from the south-east coast such as Mozambique.


Premise: When did the Rus return to Byzatine seeking revenge?

Hypothesis: The Byzantines may have been motivated to enter the treaty out of concern of a prolonged alliance of the Rus', Pechenegs, and Bulgarians against them, though the more favorable terms further suggest a shift in power.


Premise: What was positivism called after it was revived?

Hypothesis: They described as well differences between the idealized model of a pure science and the actual scientific practice; while scientism, a revival of the positivism approach, saw in precise measurement and rigorous calculation the basis for finally settling enduring metaphysical and moral controversies.


Premise: When did Japan take over Taiwan?

Hypothesis: Taiwan, originally part of Fujian province, became a province of its own in the late 19th century, but was ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895 following the First Sino-Japanese War.


Premise: What kind of pesticide is DDT?

Hypothesis: DDT use is not always effective, as resistance to DDT was identified in Africa as early as 1955, and by 1972 nineteen species of mosquito worldwide were resistant to DDT.


Premise: What was copper called in Greece?

Hypothesis: In Roman times, it was known as aes Cyprium, aes being the generic Latin term for copper alloys and Cyprium from Cyprus, where much copper was mined.


Premise: How many Italians became citizens after the loss of the Social War?

Hypothesis: Although they lost militarily, the allies achieved their objectives with legal proclamations which granted citizenship to more than 500,000 Italians.


Premise: What are the legislative systems of various Lutheran institutions called?

Hypothesis: The Book of Concord is the historic doctrinal statement of the Lutheran Church, consisting of ten credal documents recognized as authoritative in Lutheranism since the 16th century.


Premise: What is the official regulating body of  Valencian?

Hypothesis: Linguists, including Valencian scholars, deal with Catalan and Valencian as the same language.


Premise: What other location does the Canada First Defence Strategy Cover?

Hypothesis: Canadian defence policy today is based on the Canada First Defence Strategy, introduced in 2008.


Premise: Who is Philadelphia's greatest architect of the later 19th century?

Hypothesis: Frank Furness is considered Philadelphia's greatest architect of the second half of the 19th century, but his contemporaries included John McArthur, Jr., Addison Hutton, Wilson Eyre, the Wilson Brothers, and Horace Trumbauer.


Premise: How many Greeks starved due to Nazi occupation?

Hypothesis: Over 100,000 civilians died of starvation during the winter of 1941–1942, tens of thousands more died because of reprisals by Nazis and collaborators, the country's economy was ruined and the great majority of Greek Jews were deported and murdered in Nazi concentration camps.


Premise: What is the purpose of the Three Gorges Dam?

Hypothesis: The Three Gorges Dam, the largest dam ever constructed, is being built on the Yangtze River in nearby Hubei province to control flooding in the Sichuan Basin, neighboring Yunnan province, and downstream.


Premise: Many texts had explicit instructive purposes as Naturalists catered to polite society's desire for what?

Hypothesis: From this basis, naturalists could then develop their own social ideals based on their scientific works.


Premise: How much did Charles B. Johnson pledge to Yale in 2013?

Hypothesis: Among those who have made large donations commemorated at the university are: Elihu Yale; Jeremiah Dummer; the Harkness family (Edward, Anna, and William); the Beinecke family (Edwin, Frederick, and Walter); John William Sterling; Payne Whitney; Joseph E. Sheffield, Paul Mellon, Charles B. G. Murphy and William K. Lanman.


Premise: In what year was the decision reversing the closure of the government mint implemented?

Hypothesis: In the beginning of the Han, Emperor Gaozu closed the government mint in favor of private minting of coins.


Premise: what type of connection was the first of its kind in Somalia?

Hypothesis: The first of its kind in the country, this third generation mobile telecommunications technology offers users a faster and more secure connection.


Premise: What type of structure is the falekaupule?

Hypothesis: Falekaupule is also used as the name of the council of elders – the traditional decision making body on each island.


Premise: What did cultivation shift from to salt-tolerant barley during the Ur III phase?

Hypothesis: During the Akkadian and Ur III phases, there was a shift from the cultivation of wheat to the more salt-tolerant barley, but this was insufficient, and during the period from 2100 BC to 1700 BC, it is estimated that the population in this area declined by nearly three fifths.


Premise: What is asthma the result of?

Hypothesis: This among other factors leads to bouts of narrowing of the airway and the classic symptoms of wheezing.


Premise: Who was the Italian Prime Minister in July of 1978?

Hypothesis: Although he was sick, he agreed to see the new Italian President Sandro Pertini for over two hours.


Premise: What English popular revolt took place during this period?

Hypothesis: These troubles were followed in 1347 by the Black Death, a pandemic that spread throughout Europe during the following three years.[AC]


Premise: Who did King William IV hired to finish the work after Nash was fired?

Hypothesis: On the death of George IV in 1830, his younger brother King William IV hired Edward Blore to finish the work.


Premise: What is the symbol for zinc?

Hypothesis: In some respects zinc is chemically similar to magnesium: its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2.


Premise: What do Somali women traditionally put around their eyes?

Hypothesis: Somali women have likewise traditionally applied kohl (kuul) to their eyes.


Premise: What did early research show people preferred as a day length?

Hypothesis: A more stringent study conducted in 1999 by Harvard University estimated the natural human rhythm to be closer to 24 hours, 11 minutes: much closer to the solar day but still not perfectly in sync.


Premise: How many Chopin pieces are known to have survived?

Hypothesis: Over 230 works of Chopin survive; some compositions from early childhood have been lost.


Premise: Politicians who were at the end of their political careers were offered what kind of position with companies they were involved with politically?

Hypothesis: For instance in Irish politics, populist left wing political parties will often apply these terms to mainstream establisment political parties and will cite the many cases of Corruption in Ireland, such as the Irish Banking crisis, which found evidence of bribery, cronyism and collusion, where in some cases politicians who were coming to the end of their political careers would receive a senior management or committee position in a company they had dealings with.


Premise: What continent fractured off Gondwana in the direction of Laurentia?

Hypothesis: Early in the Ordovician the continents Laurentia, Siberia and Baltica were still independent continents (since the break-up of the supercontinent Pannotia earlier), but Baltica began to move toward Laurentia later in the period, causing the Iapetus Ocean to shrink between them.


Premise: What was the Carnation Revolution?

Hypothesis: This period was characterized by social turmoil and power disputes between left- and right-wing political forces.


Premise: What do classical performers often achieve?

Hypothesis: Thus, classical performers often achieve high reputations for their musicianship, even if they do not compose themselves.


Premise: What year was the Hammond-Harwood House built?

Hypothesis: Perhaps the best remaining house is the pristine Hammond-Harwood House (1774) in Annapolis, Maryland, designed by the colonial architect William Buckland and modelled on the Villa Pisani at Montagnana, Italy as depicted in Andrea Palladio's I quattro libri


Premise: What happens if the wrestler doesn't break a hold?

Hypothesis: Most holds leave an arm or leg free, so that the person can tap out if they want.


Premise: How much money did Premier League earn regarding television rights in 2010-13?

Hypothesis: On 22 June 2009, due to troubles encountered by Setanta Sports after it failed to meet a final deadline over a £30 million payment to the Premier League, ESPN was awarded two packages of UK rights containing a total of 46 matches that were available for the 2009–10 season as well as a package of 23 matches per season from 2010–11 to 2012–13.


Premise: From what period does fossilized pollen suggest an older date for angiosperm origin?

Hypothesis: Based on current evidence, some propose that the ancestors of the angiosperms diverged from an unknown group of gymnosperms in the Triassic period (245–202 million years ago).


Premise: Who was the main figure of the Gothic Revival in France?

Hypothesis: He effected vigorous restoration of crumbling detail of French cathedrals, including the Abbey of Saint-Denis and famously at Notre Dame de Paris, where many of whose most "Gothic" gargoyles are Viollet-le-Duc's.


Premise: Which character in the film, Epic, was voiced by Beyoncé?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé voiced Queen Tara in the 3D CGI animated film, Epic, released by 20th Century Fox on May 24, and recorded an original song for the film, "Rise Up", co-written with Sia.


Premise: What do VISPs resemble?

Hypothesis: A virtual ISP (VISP) is an operation that purchases services from another ISP, sometimes called a wholesale ISP in this context, which allow the VISP's customers to access the Internet using services and infrastructure owned and operated by the wholesale ISP.


Premise: How many troops did Canada send initially?

Hypothesis: The British 16th Air Assault Brigade (later reinforced by Royal Marines) formed the core of the force in southern Afghanistan, along with troops and helicopters from Australia, Canada and the Netherlands.


Premise: Who supposedly had a vison of Saint Peter on the River Thames?

Hypothesis: The first reports of the abbey are based on a late tradition claiming that a young fisherman called Aldrich on the River Thames saw a vision of Saint Peter near the site.


Premise: What traditional schooling has been considered modeled after the traditional Islamic graduate schools?

Hypothesis: " These were scholarly exercises practised throughout the student's "career as a graduate student of law."


Premise: What percentage of books borrowed were of a religious nature in England, Germany, and North America?

Hypothesis: Less than 1 percent of the books were of a religious nature, indicating the general trend of declining religiosity.


Premise: What is the smallest percentage of the Burmese populace ?

Hypothesis: Overseas Chinese form approximately 3% of the population.


Premise: What was the name of the tour featuring both Beyoncé and Jay Z?

Hypothesis: In April 2014, after much speculation in the weeks before, Beyoncé and Jay Z officially announced their On the Run Tour.


Premise: What can lossless formats provide?

Hypothesis: Besides lossy compression methods, lossless formats are a significant alternative to MP3 because they provide unaltered audio content, though with an increased file size compared to lossy compression.


Premise: What is the oldest medical college in Asia?

Hypothesis: The largest university in Portugal is the University of Lisbon.


Premise: How many people does Goodison Park stadium hold?

Hypothesis: Goodison Park, like all major English football grounds since the recommendations of the Taylor Report were implemented, is now an all-seater and only holds just under 40,000, meaning it is unlikely that this attendance record will ever be broken at Goodison.


Premise: Which road runs from the Washington Bridge to the Henry Hudson Parkway?

Hypothesis: It runs from the Washington Bridge in the east, to the Henry Hudson Parkway in the west, near the George Washington Bridge and the Hudson River.


Premise: What compression algorithms provide higher compression at the cost of fidelity?

Hypothesis: Lossy audio compression algorithms provide higher compression at the cost of fidelity and are used in numerous audio applications.


Premise: What does Ashkenaz mean in Hebrew?

Hypothesis: (Ashkenaz meaning "Germany" in Hebrew), are so named denoting their German Jewish cultural and geographical origins, while Sephardim, or "Hispanics" (Sefarad meaning "Spain/Hispania" or "Iberia" in Hebrew), are so named denoting their Spanish/Portuguese Jewish cultural and geographic origins.


Premise: What did Agnes Shea give to the Chinese in return?

Hypothesis: Upon its arrival in Canberra, the Olympic flame was presented by Chinese officials to local Aboriginal elder Agnes Shea, of the Ngunnawal people.


Premise: Many USB host interfaces do not what?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, many USB host interfaces do not cut off the power supply to USB devices when they are suspended.


Premise: They introduced it in response to what?

Hypothesis: The approach emphasizes an individual's inherent drive towards self-actualization and creativity.


Premise: What country did Montini visit as Cardinal?

Hypothesis: As a Cardinal, Montini journeyed to Africa (1962), where he visited Ghana, Sudan, Kenya, Congo, Rhodesia, South Africa, and Nigeria.


Premise: Who was the religious leader that lead the pilgrims to New Haven Harbor?

Hypothesis: These settlers were hoping to establish a (in their mind) better theological community, with the government more closely linked to the church than the one they left in Massachusetts and sought to take advantage of the excellent port capabilities of the harbor.


Premise: To what degree do variations in the Old Testament alter the meaning?

Hypothesis: As far as the Hebrew Bible referenced by Old Testament is concerned, almost all of the textual variants are fairly insignificant and hardly affect any doctrine.


Premise: Who created the office of Minister of Defence?

Hypothesis: Winston Churchill, on forming his government in 1940, created the office of Minister of Defence to exercise ministerial control over the Chiefs of Staff Committee and to co-ordinate defence matters.


Premise: How much of Tucson's water is used on agriculture?

Hypothesis: The primary consumer of water is Agriculture (including golf courses), which consumes about 69% of all water.


Premise: Who wrote a book about Tito questioning his true origin?

Hypothesis: Tito's personal doctor, Aleksandar Matunović, wrote a book about Tito in which he also questioned his true origin, noting that Tito's habits and lifestyle could only mean that he was from an aristocratic family.


Premise: What is a lycaenid caterpillar?

Hypothesis: The Madagascar hissing cockroach has the ability to press air through its spiracles to make a hissing noise as a sign of aggression; the Death's-head Hawkmoth makes a squeaking noise by forcing air out of their pharynx when agitated, which may also reduce aggressive worker honey bee behavior when the two are in close proximity.


Premise: Which weapon did Feynman found to not be feasible?

Hypothesis: He also did theoretical work and calculations on the proposed uranium hydride bomb, which later proved not to be feasible.


Premise: When was the nationwide release of the NES?

Hypothesis: The system was originally targeted for release in the spring of 1985, but the release date was pushed back.


Premise: How many people watched on average for season two?

Hypothesis: By season four, American Idol had become the most watched series amongst all viewers on American TV for the first time, with an average viewership of 26.8 million.


Premise: What two things figured the fuse length?

Hypothesis: Range and height of the target determined fuse length.


Premise: The Pacific Ring of Fire contains what percentage of the earthquakes on Earth?

Hypothesis: The West Coast of the continental United States and areas of Alaska (including the Aleutian Islands, the Alaskan Peninsula and southern Alaskan coast) make up part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, an area of heavy tectonic and volcanic activity that is the source of 90% of the world's earthquakes.[citation needed]


Premise: Where is the Sprint All-Star Race held?

Hypothesis: The NASCAR Sprint Cup Series holds two exhibition events annually - the Sprint Unlimited, held at Daytona International Speedway at the start of the season, and the NASCAR Sprint All-Star Race, held at Charlotte Motor Speedway midway through the season.


Premise: What includes all invertible n-by-n matrices with real entries?

Hypothesis: It describes all possible rotations in n dimensions.


Premise: Who made a film called 'Bronx Burning'?

Hypothesis: A new feature-length documentary film by Edwin Pagan called Bronx Burning is in production in 2006, chronicling what led up to the numerous arson-for-insurance fraud fires of the 1970s in the borough.


Premise: What did the Dartford nunnery have in common with the priory of Poissy?

Hypothesis: Also, the nuns shared a unique identity with Poissy as a religious house founded by a royal house.


Premise: How hot do newspapers say it has gotten in Punjab?

Hypothesis: Although official estimates rarely place the temperature above 46 °C, newspaper sources claim that it reaches 51 °C and regularly carry reports about people who have succumbed to the heat.


Premise: What defines finite groups of order p, a prime number, as being necessarily cyclic (abelian) groups Zp?

Hypothesis: According to Lagrange's theorem, finite groups of order p, a prime number, are necessarily cyclic (abelian) groups Zp.


Premise: When a browser includes a lot of extras, it can be referred to as what?

Hypothesis: Browsers which include additional components to support e-mail, Usenet news, and Internet Relay Chat (IRC), are sometimes referred to as "Internet suites" rather than merely "web browsers".


Premise: What dynamic needs were the reason for building to be done?

Hypothesis: Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.)


Premise: Who was the first contestant to benefit from the Judges Save?

Hypothesis: There were 13 finalists this season, but two were eliminated in the first result show of the finals.


Premise: How many mathematical treatises have still managed to survive to this day?

Hypothesis: Three Han mathematical treatises still exist.


Premise: What percentage of murderers in the United States are given a death sentence?

Hypothesis: A 2004 Cornell University study showed that while 2.5 percent of murderers convicted nationwide were sentenced to the death penalty, in Nevada 6 percent were given the death penalty.


Premise: Where were items from the clothing line displayed?

Hypothesis: House of Deréon pieces were exhibited in Destiny's Child's shows and tours, during their Destiny Fulfilled era.


Premise: What Child of George VI ascended the throne?

Hypothesis: During George's reign the break-up of the British Empire and its transition into the Commonwealth of Nations accelerated.


Premise: How many Tweets per minute did the half time show get?

Hypothesis: The performance stands as the second most tweeted about moment in history at 268,000 tweets per minute.


Premise: Within what university is Oklahoma's only optometry college?

Hypothesis: Langston University is Oklahoma's only historically black college.


Premise: What is the traditional Carnival food?

Hypothesis: Just before the end of Carnival, every Kvarner town burns a man-like doll called a "Jure Piškanac", who is blamed for all the strife of the previous year.


Premise: What did Romans use as money in the 6th through 3rd centuriesBC?

Hypothesis: At first, the copper itself was valued, but gradually the shape and look of the copper became more important.


Premise: In the Treaty of Schönbrunn, who received the Salzburg area of the Tyrol?

Hypothesis: The resulting Treaty of Schönbrunn in October 1809 was the harshest that France had imposed on Austria in recent memory.


Premise: A 35 row theater at the edge of Bactria was found in what region?

Hypothesis: An example that shows the spread of Greek theater is Plutarch's story of the death of Crassus, in which his head was taken to the Parthian court and used as a prop in a performance of The Bacchae.


Premise: What school advanced atomism?

Hypothesis: Buddhist atomism and the Jaina school continued the atomic tradition.


Premise: What was the number of people executed in 2015?

Hypothesis: Texas has accounted for over one-third of modern executions (although only two death sentences were imposed in Texas during 2015, with the courts preferring to issue sentences of life without parole instead) and over four times as many as Oklahoma, the state with the second-highest number.


Premise: Were the Ashkenazim thought to be a subset or superset of their assumed geographical source population?

Hypothesis: A 2010 study by Bray et al., using SNP microarray techniques and linkage analysis found that when assuming Druze and Palestinian Arab populations to represent the reference to world Jewry ancestor genome, between 35 to 55 percent of the modern Ashkenazi genome can possibly be of European origin, and that European "admixture is considerably higher than previous estimates by studies that used the Y chromosome" with this reference point.


Premise: What is the meaning of the Latin phrase on Northwestern's seal?

Hypothesis: Today, Northwestern's official color is purple, although white is something of an official color as well, being mentioned in both the university's earliest song, Alma Mater (1907) ("Hail to purple, hail to white") and in many university guidelines.


Premise: what does an isp do?

Hypothesis: An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet.


Premise: Where is it estimated that a hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist?

Hypothesis: In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist.


Premise: What was the MiG designed to be?

Hypothesis: The MiG was designed as a bomber interceptor.


Premise: What is the first Indian text to mention iron?

Hypothesis: The Kuru kingdom was the first state-level society of the Vedic period, corresponding to the beginning of the Iron Age in northwestern India, around 1200 – 800 BCE, as well as with the composition of the Atharvaveda (the first Indian text to mention iron, as śyāma ayas, literally "black metal").


Premise: Which office publishes the United States Statutes at Large?

Hypothesis: It also administers the Electoral College.


Premise: How many countries got independence from Britain during decolonization?

Hypothesis: Over 20 countries gained independence from Britain as part of a planned transition to self-government.


Premise: What was the bureau's first task?

Hypothesis: In the same year, its name was officially changed from the Division of Investigation to the present-day Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI.


Premise: In addition to Carboniferous, what other insect order is inclusive of extant groups, stem groups and Paleozoic groups?

Hypothesis: Many of the early groups became extinct during the Permian-Triassic extinction event, the largest mass extinction in the history of the Earth, around 252 million years ago.


Premise: A method of multitasking that takes a "slice" of time in turn is called what?

Hypothesis: One means by which this is done is with a special signal called an interrupt, which can periodically cause the computer to stop executing instructions where it was and do something else instead.


Premise: Where was the height generally highest in Palladian architecture?

Hypothesis: Houses were increasingly placed in grand landscaped settings, and large houses were generally made wide and relatively shallow, largely to look more impressive from a distance.


Premise: How much of the Bronx speaks Spanish at home?

Hypothesis: As of 2010, 46.29% (584,463) of Bronx residents aged five and older spoke Spanish at home, while 44.02% (555,767) spoke English, 2.48% (31,361) African languages, 0.91% (11,455) French, 0.90% (11,355) Italian, 0.87% (10,946) various Indic languages, 0.70% (8,836) other Indo-European languages, and Chinese was spoken at home by 0.50% (6,610) of the population over the age of five.


Premise: Which Foreign Minister would agree to meet with Stalin on to sign a secret agreement?

Hypothesis: On 24 August a 10-year non-aggression pact was signed with provisions that included: consultation, arbitration if either party disagreed, neutrality if either went to war against a third power, no membership of a group "which is directly or indirectly aimed at the other".


Premise: How can you normally identify a cock when recently hatched?

Hypothesis: Poultry breeding has produced breeds and strains to fulfil different needs; light-framed, egg-laying birds that can produce 300 eggs a year; fast-growing, fleshy birds destined for consumption at a young age, and utility birds which produce both an acceptable number of eggs and a well-fleshed carcase.


Premise: Who was the first bearer of the torch in Argentina?

Hypothesis: The day was marked by several pro-Tibet protests, which included a giant banner reading "Free Tibet", and an alternative "human rights torch" that was lit by protesters and paraded along the route the flame was to take.


Premise: What attributes do religions all roughly share?

Hypothesis: For example, attributes of God in Christianity, attributes of God in Islam, and the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy in Judaism share certain similarities arising from their common roots.


Premise: What is an example of a country that has no levies collected?

Hypothesis: In some countries, such as Canada, the applicability of such laws to copying onto general-purpose storage devices like computer hard drives, portable media players, and phones, for which no levies are collected, has been the subject of debate and further efforts to reform copyright law.


Premise: What was the population in 2009?

Hypothesis: The principal reasons were a significant decline in household size, and a dramatic migration of residents to the suburbs between 1962 and 1975.


Premise: Who was the first person to bring all of Greece together?

Hypothesis: Greece was first unified under Philip of Macedon in the fourth century BC.


Premise: Who taught Antigonus II?

Hypothesis: Antigonus II, a student of Zeno of Citium, spent most of his rule defending Macedon against Epirus and cementing Macedonian power in Greece, first against the Athenians in the Chremonidean War, and then against the Achaean League of Aratus of Sicyon.


Premise: What is the principal alternative to electric railways?

Hypothesis: Some electric traction systems provide regenerative braking that turns the train's kinetic energy back into electricity and returns it to the supply system to be used by other trains or the general utility grid.


Premise: UNFPA is part of what larger U.N. group?

Hypothesis: The UNFPA supports programs in more than 150 countries, territories and areas spread across four geographic regions: Arab States and Europe, Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, and sub-Saharan Africa.


Premise: In what year was Thompson v. Oklahoma decided?

Hypothesis: Sixteen was held to be the minimum permissible age in the 1988 Supreme Court decision of Thompson v. Oklahoma.


Premise: How many legitimate children did John have?

Hypothesis: John had five legitimate children, all by Isabella.


Premise: According to Friederike Müller, Chopin insisted his students have the strictest adherence to what?

Hypothesis: He hated all lingering and dragging, misplaced rubatos, as well as exaggerated ritardandos ... and it is precisely in this respect that people make such terrible errors in playing his works."


Premise: What mathematician was Von Nemann's closest friend?

Hypothesis: Von Neumann's closest friend in the United States was mathematician Stanislaw Ulam.


Premise: What are pesticides meant to prevent?

Hypothesis: Target pests can include insects, plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms), and microbes that destroy property, cause nuisance, or spread disease, or are disease vectors.


Premise: To what does "channel" refer in terms if adolescent communication?

Hypothesis: Channel, in this respect, refers to the form of communication, be it face-to-face, email, text message, phone or other.


Premise: What does Building Partnerships relate to in the Air Force?

Hypothesis: Building Partnerships is described as airmen interacting with international airmen and other relevant actors to develop, guide, and sustain relationships for mutual benefit and security.


Premise: What can a large influx of money from a for-profit company do to an organization?

Hypothesis: Resource mismanagement is a particular problem with NPOs because the employees are not accountable to anybody with a direct stake in the organization.


Premise: What is a pub game that is popular in many beer drinking nations?

Hypothesis: Beer is sold in bottles and cans; it may also be available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars.


Premise: What two console manufacturers dominate the Japanese market?

Hypothesis: While the original Xbox sold poorly in Japan, selling just 2 million units while it was on the market (between 2002 and 2005),[citation needed] the Xbox 360 sold even more poorly, selling only 1.5 million units from 2005 to 2011.


Premise: Some species use specialised photoreceptors to sense what?

Hypothesis: Birds navigate during migration using a variety of methods.


Premise: At what stadium do Arsenal Ladies usually play?

Hypothesis: Arsenal Ladies are the women's football club affiliated to Arsenal.


Premise: What year did Guangxu die?

Hypothesis: The Guangxu Emperor died on November 14, 1908, and on November 15, 1908, Cixi also died.


Premise: Where was the Uxbridge Blue dress uniform developed?

Hypothesis: The current Service Dress Uniform, which was adopted in 1993 and standardized in 1995, consists of a three-button, pocketless coat, similar to that of a men's "sport jacket" (with silver "U.S." pins on the lapels, with a silver ring surrounding on those of enlisted members), matching trousers, and either a service cap or flight cap, all in Shade 1620, "Air Force Blue" (a darker purplish-blue).


Premise: During what stage of development is there increased parent-child conflict and a less cohesive familial bond?

Hypothesis: Parent-adolescent disagreement also increases as friends demonstrate a greater impact on one another, new influences on the adolescent that may be in opposition to parents' values.


Premise: Which of Burke's writings was inspired by Price's sermon?

Hypothesis: Immediately after reading Price's sermon, Burke wrote a draft of what eventually became, Reflections on the Revolution in France.


Premise: The concerto, symphony, sonata and opera are examples of what type of musical forms?

Hypothesis: Works of classical repertoire often exhibit complexity in their use of orchestration, counterpoint, harmony, musical development, rhythm, phrasing, texture, and form.


Premise: How many visitors did Paris receive in 2014?

Hypothesis: In 2014 Paris received 22.4 million visitors, making it one of the world's top tourist destinations.


Premise: What was the date of Feynman's birth?

Hypothesis: Later in his life, during a visit to the Jewish Theological Seminary, he encountered the Talmud for the first time, and remarked that he found it a "wonderful book" and "valuable".


Premise: From how many nations does the WCAA boast members from?

Hypothesis: For example, the World Council of Anthropological Associations (WCAA), "a network of national, regional and international associations that aims to promote worldwide communication and cooperation in anthropology", currently contains members from about three dozen nations.


Premise: In what century was Eisenhower born?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower was the last president born in the 19th century, and at age 62, was the oldest man elected President since James Buchanan in 1856 (President Truman stood at 64 in 1948 as the incumbent president at the time of his election four years earlier).


Premise: What domain system is commonly used nowdays to classify microorganisms?

Hypothesis: These two domains, along with Eukarya, are the basis of the three-domain system, which is currently the most widely used classification system in microbiolology.


Premise: Who ordered the deportation of the residents of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR?

Hypothesis: On March 3, 1944, on the orders of Stalin, the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was disbanded and its population forcibly deported upon the accusations of collaboration with the invaders and separatism.


Premise: In her music, what are some recurring elements in them?

Hypothesis: A self-described "modern-day feminist", Beyoncé creates songs that are often characterized by themes of love, relationships, and monogamy, as well as female sexuality and empowerment.


Premise: How many excited states does 61Zn have?

Hypothesis: 61Zn has three excited states and 73Zn has two.


Premise: What neighborhood as the privilege of bearing the brunt of the festivities?

Hypothesis: In the mid twentieth century, West Indians moved the event from the beginning of Lent to the Labor Day weekend.


Premise: Who first referenced the Armenians?

Hypothesis: The ancient Greek terms Ἀρμενία (Armenía) and Ἀρμένιοι (Arménioi, "Armenians") are first mentioned by Hecataeus of Miletus (c.


Premise: What is the general materialistic view of an object?

Hypothesis: A second problem with materialism is that it obscures the importance of relations.


Premise: In what country was Punch Taverns established?

Hypothesis: Organisations such as Wetherspoons, Punch Taverns and O'Neill's were formed in the UK in the wake of the Beer Orders.


Premise: What ethnicity comprised the largest number of immigrants at the beginning of the twentieth century?

Hypothesis: By 1900, Germans constituted the largest immigrant group, followed by the Irish, Jews, and Italians.


Premise: What is the range of wavelengths for cheap UV LEDs?

Hypothesis: Near-UV emitters at wavelengths around 375–395 nm are already cheap and often encountered, for example, as black light lamp replacements for inspection of anti-counterfeiting UV watermarks in some documents and paper currencies.


Premise: when was jesse saunders' "on and on" a hit?

Hypothesis: Starting in 1984, some of these DJs, inspired by Jesse Saunders' success with "On and On", tried their hand at producing and releasing original compositions.


Premise: Paragraph 6 of Article 29 states that a referendum, in the event of a successful petition should be held within how many years?

Hypothesis: Paragraph 6 of Article 29 stated that if a petition was successful a referendum should be held within three years.


Premise: When did Madonna married Sean Penn?

Hypothesis: While filming this video, Madonna started dating actor Sean Penn.


Premise: In what century did saloons become established?

Hypothesis: By the end of the 18th century a new room in the pub was established: the saloon.[citation needed]


Premise: In what year were there several cases that helped to redefine Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander?

Hypothesis: This nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander.


Premise: What is another name for the Ludi Apollinares?

Hypothesis: During the Second Punic War in 212 BCE, the Ludi Apollinares ("Apollonian Games") were instituted in his honor, on the instructions of a prophecy attributed to one Marcius.


Premise: What war changed the way the United States looked at race?

Hypothesis: This practice of hypodescent was not put into law until the early 20th century.


Premise: Which probe did the larvae react to?

Hypothesis: The larvae reacted to the touch of the heated probe with a stereotypical rolling behavior that was not exhibited when the larvae were touched by the unheated probe.


Premise: What does Sigmunds idea theorize?

Hypothesis: According to this theory, all humans are born bisexual in a very broad sense of the term, that of incorporating general aspects of both sexes.


Premise: Who thought being a concubine was better than being a wife?

Hypothesis: Even though the woman would not be a legal wife, a situation normally considered a demotion, many wealthy merchants believed that being the concubine of a samurai was superior to being the legal wife of a commoner.


Premise: What is the nutitional value to humans of poultry and poultry products?

Hypothesis: Poultry meat and eggs provide nutritionally beneficial food containing protein of high quality.


Premise: Who commonly, or at least attempt to, abide by the rule of law?

Hypothesis: Despite wide use by politicians, judges and academics, the rule of law has been described as "an exceedingly elusive notion".


Premise: What country did Victoria visit instead of France during the Boer War?

Hypothesis: Instead, the Queen went to Ireland for the first time since 1861, in part to acknowledge the contribution of Irish regiments to the South African war.


Premise: What is the spot where the grid takes hold called?

Hypothesis: East 1st Street begins just North of East Houston Street at Avenue A and continues to Bowery.


Premise: Whed did the British and French invade Beijing?

Hypothesis: Once in Beijing, the Anglo-French forces looted the Old Summer Palace, and in an act of revenge for the arrest of several Englishmen, burnt it to the ground.


Premise: What did Macintosh clones succeed in increasing for Macintosh?

Hypothesis: These models competed against Macintosh clones, hardware manufactured by third parties that ran Apple's System 7.


Premise: How many routes does the Metrobus have?

Hypothesis: Metrobus has a total of 19 routes, 53 buses and an annual ridership of 3,014,073.


Premise: Who was the author of the book, The Yong Mans Gleanings?

Hypothesis: The word continued with the same meaning until the middle of the 20th century.


Premise: Who was Seattle's , and the nation's, first female mayor?

Hypothesis: For the first time in United States history, an openly gay black woman was elected to public office when Sherry Harris was elected as a Seattle city councillor in 1991.


Premise: What was the name of the legislative body that was brought into existance in 1989?

Hypothesis: It also led indirectly to the revolutions of 1989, in which Soviet-imposed communist regimes of the Warsaw Pact were peacefully toppled (Romania excepted), which in turn increased pressure on Gorbachev to introduce greater democracy and autonomy for the Soviet Union's constituent republics.


Premise: What do the vibrational frequencies of molecules usually correspond to?

Hypothesis: The vibrational frequencies of most molecules correspond to the frequencies of infrared light.


Premise: When did Imported Chinese labor arrive?

Hypothesis: The majority were sent back to China, although records in the Cape suggest that they never got any farther than Cape Town.


Premise: Computers were invented in what decade in history?

Hypothesis: The invention of electronic computers in the 1940s, along with the development of mathematical information theory, led to a realization that brains can potentially be understood as information processing systems.


Premise: What did the iMac G3 do to the Mac reputation?

Hypothesis: Its Xserve server was discontinued in 2011 in favor of the Mac Mini and Mac Pro.


Premise: Where did electric motors improve convenience and safety?

Hypothesis: Instead every machine could be equipped with its own electric motor, providing easy control at the point of use, and improving power transmission efficiency.


Premise: What type of school is the European University Institute?

Hypothesis: EUCLID (Pôle Universitaire Euclide, Euclid University) is chartered as a university and umbrella organisation dedicated to sustainable development in signatory countries, and the United Nations University engages in efforts to resolve the pressing global problems that are of concern to the United Nations, its peoples and member states.


Premise: How many people auditioned to be on American Idol?

Hypothesis: The number of those attending the auditions by now had increased to over 100,000 from the 10,000 of the first season.


Premise: What types of instruments do irish player prefer?

Hypothesis: The former are often too soft-toned to hold their own in a session (as well as having a tendency to not stay in place on the player's lap), whilst the latter tend to sound harsh and overbearing to the traditional ear.


Premise: During which dynasty was Armenia established?

Hypothesis: The first geographical entity that was called Armenia by neighboring peoples (such as by Hecataeus of Miletus and on the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription) was established in the late 6th century BC under the Orontid dynasty within the Achaemenid Persian Empire as part of the latters' territories, and which later became a kingdom.


Premise: What is the country's oldest and largest port?

Hypothesis: In addition to these, the smaller Port of Eilat is situated on the Red Sea, and is used mainly for trading with Far East countries.


Premise: Pesticides can be used to stop the spread of what dieseases?

Hypothesis: Pesticides are used to control organisms that are considered to be harmful.


Premise: Where does the saying "Like a broken record" originate?

Hypothesis: In extreme cases, they can cause the needle to skip over a series of grooves, or worse yet, cause the needle to skip backwards, creating a "locked groove" that repeats over and over.


Premise: What website rated the Super Slim four out of five stars?

Hypothesis: They did praise that the hard drive of the Super Slim model is "the easiest yet.


Premise: Where do many ground birds, such as quails and pheasants, roost?

Hypothesis: Many birds rest on one leg, while some may pull up their legs into their feathers, especially in cold weather.


Premise: Which religious group made up the majority of the population in Prussia?

Hypothesis: The Polish-speaking population concentrated in the south of the province (Masuria and Warmia) and all German geographic atlases at the start of 20th century showed the southern part of East Prussia as Polish with the number of Poles estimated at the time to be 300,000.


Premise: Name a type of row house in the city?

Hypothesis: For much of Philadelphia's history, the typical home has been the row house.


Premise: What was the increase in non-German population between 2011 and 2013?

Hypothesis: In July 2013, there were 41,000 non-Germans by citizenship living in Thuringia (1.9% of the population − among the smallest proportions of any state in Germany).


Premise: What direction did the jin court flee during the Three Kings period?

Hypothesis: The Jìn court fled from the north to the south, causing large numbers of northern Han Chinese to move into Fujian region.


Premise: What was the new term for believers of Humanism philosophy?

Hypothesis: It developed during the fourteenth and the beginning of the fifteenth centuries, and was a response to the challenge of scholastic university education, which was then dominated by Aristotelian philosophy and logic.


Premise: How does conjugation take place?

Hypothesis: Conjugation, in the much-studied E. coli system is determined by plasmid genes, and is an adaptation for transferring copies of the plasmid from one bacterial host to another.


Premise: What area lies in the northeastern part of Somerset levels

Hypothesis: To the north-east of the Somerset Levels, the Mendip Hills are moderately high limestone hills.


Premise: What is the nickname of the Times Square Theater District?

Hypothesis: According to The Broadway League, Broadway shows sold approximately US$1.27 billion worth of tickets in the 2013–2014 season, an 11.4% increase from US$1.139 billion in the 2012–2013 season.


Premise: When did Serbian troops notice enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac?

Hypothesis: During the bombing raid, private Radoje Ljutovac fired his cannon at the enemy aircraft and successfully shot one down.


Premise: Which drugs seemed to help someone remember earlier events?

Hypothesis: Patients with amygdalar damage are no more likely to remember emotionally charged words than nonemotionally charged ones.


Premise: For what purpose was Funafuti used during the Pacific War?

Hypothesis: During the Pacific War Funafuti was used as a base to prepare for the subsequent seaborn attacks on the Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) that were occupied by Japanese forces.


Premise: In what battle did Mark Antony see defeat?

Hypothesis: Antony was defeated in the naval Battle of Actium in 31 BC, and he committed suicide with his lover, Cleopatra.


Premise: In what decade was AFL sport invented?

Hypothesis: The sport was invented in the early 1980s and patented by Foster, a former executive of the United States Football League and the National Football League.


Premise: What body passed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR?

Hypothesis: On December 30, 1922, the First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR approved the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR, by which Russia was united with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, and Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic into a single federal state, the Soviet Union.


Premise: How many deputies were elected?

Hypothesis: On March 26, elections were held to the union Congress of People's Deputies; by-elections were held on April 9, May 14, and May 21.


Premise: What model did the work of Muslim World astronomers contribute to?

Hypothesis: and Ibn al-Shatir were later incorporated into the Copernican heliocentric model.


Premise: What was the first consideration for the OKL to support Directive 23?

Hypothesis: First, the difficulty in estimating the impact of bombing upon war production was becoming apparent, and second, the conclusion British morale was unlikely to break led OKL to adopt the naval option.


Premise: What are the regional health administrations in charge of?

Hypothesis: In practice, however, the autonomy of regional health administrations over budget setting and spending has been limited to primary care.


Premise: What property do PCBs have that makes them tough to drill through?

Hypothesis: Coated tungsten carbide is recommended since many board materials are very abrasive and drilling must be high RPM and high feed to be cost effective.


Premise: What does the OA policy for publications and data do ?

Hypothesis: In November 2014, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation announced that they are adopting an open access (OA) policy for publications and data, "to enable the unrestricted access and reuse of all peer-reviewed published research funded by the foundation, including any underlying data sets".


Premise: What is the largest calibre ground-based air defence guns?

Hypothesis: Until the 1950s guns firing ballistic munitions were the standard weapon; guided missiles then became dominant, except at the very shortest ranges.


Premise: What is the name of the world's oldest underground railway?

Hypothesis: The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world.


Premise: What type of animal is most commonly used to study brain damage?

Hypothesis: In animal studies, most commonly involving rats, it is possible to use electrodes or locally injected chemicals to produce precise patterns of damage and then examine the consequences for behavior.


Premise: Mali was once part of how many West African empires?

Hypothesis: Present-day Mali was once part of three West African empires that controlled trans-Saharan trade: the Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire (for which Mali is named), and the Songhai Empire.


Premise: Are incandescent bulbs more or less efficient than most electric lighting?

Hypothesis: Incandescent bulbs are much less efficient than most other types of electric lighting; incandescent bulbs convert less than 5% of the energy they use into visible light, with standard light bulbs averaging about 2.2%.


Premise: Who expanded into the territory of hunter-gathers?

Hypothesis: This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Sub-Saharan Africa and Norte Chico.


Premise: Who was ultimately responsible for the naval ships that were sent to the English Channel?

Hypothesis: During the civil war that followed, as many as a thousand ships were either constructed or pressed into service from Greek cities.


Premise: Which two countries positioned themselves to broker an new trade agreement?

Hypothesis: The ensuing discussion of a potential political deal between Germany and the Soviet Union had to be channeled into the framework of economic negotiations between the two countries, because close military and diplomatic connections, as was the case before the mid-1930s, had afterward been largely severed.


Premise: What position did Derby hold?

Hypothesis: Derby was reinstated as prime minister.


Premise: West 132nd Street is interrupted by City College and which park?

Hypothesis: After an interruption from St. Nicholas Park and City College, there is another small stretch of West 132nd Street between Broadway and Twelfth Avenue


Premise: What do international leagues' friendlies happen in the middle of?

Hypothesis: This has on occasion led to disagreement between national associations and clubs as to the availability of players, who could become injured or fatigued in a friendly.


Premise: What would you call a beer that has not been filtered or pasteurized?

Hypothesis: Cask-conditioned ales (or cask ales) are unfiltered and unpasteurised beers.


Premise: What does gender also affect in Czech?

Hypothesis: With few exceptions, feminine nouns in the nominative case end in -a, -e, or -ost; neuter nouns in -o, -e, or -í, and masculine nouns in a consonant.


Premise: What is Screvin's Neck also called?

Hypothesis: (Castle Hill Point) and Throgs Neck.