Premise: What ethnicity was his father?

Hypothesis: Egyptian President Anwar Sadat had a mother who was a dark-skinned Nubian Sudanese woman and a father who was a lighter-skinned Egyptian.


Premise: What center was founded by Melville J. Herskovits in 1948?

Hypothesis: J. Roscoe Miller's tenure as president from 1949 to 1970 was responsible for the expansion of the Evanston campus, with the construction of the lakefill on Lake Michigan, growth of the faculty and new academic programs, as well as polarizing Vietnam-era student protests.


Premise: Where did Ibn Sina hope to flee to after Hamadan?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, he had written to Abu Ya'far, the prefect of the dynamic city of Isfahan, offering his services.


Premise: What was the name of the agreement between Britain and the Chinese that kept the British out of Tibet?

Hypothesis: The Qing court responded by asserting Chinese sovereignty over Tibet, resulting in the 1906 Anglo-Chinese Convention signed between Britain and China.


Premise: How many national titles were won when Knute Rockne coached at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: Knute Rockne has the highest winning percentage (.881) in NCAA Division I/FBS football history.


Premise: Who was accused of being mean and cruel on American Idol?

Hypothesis: Some such as singer John Mayer disparaged the contestants, suggesting that those who appeared on Idol are not real artists with self-respect.


Premise: Why was collapsing the two values into one score a problem?

Hypothesis: Valuable information was lost by collapsing the two values into one final score.


Premise: How many nations do the 25 foreign banks operating in Houston represent?

Hypothesis: Twenty-five foreign banks representing 13 nations operate in Houston, providing financial assistance to the international community.


Premise: Who offers the Lighting Certification Examination?

Hypothesis: This certification process is one of three national (U.S.) examinations (the others are CLEP and CLMC) in the lighting industry and is open not only to designers, but to lighting equipment manufacturers, electric utility employees, etc.


Premise: Bell's dehusking machine combined what with nail brushes?

Hypothesis: Young Bell asked what needed to be done at the mill.


Premise: When were RIAA standards established?

Hypothesis: RCA Victor developed the 45 rpm format and marketed it in March 1949, each pursuing their own r&d in secret.


Premise: When did the poultry business boom in the United States ?

Hypothesis: By the mid-20th century, the poultry meat-producing industry was of greater importance than the egg-laying industry.


Premise: What do the Italian Swiss call Switzerland?

Hypothesis: Svizzera [ˈzvittsera] (Italian); and Svizra [ˈʒviːtsrɐ] or [ˈʒviːtsʁːɐ] (Romansh).[note 6]


Premise: Where was the "Kanye West Foundation" founded?

Hypothesis: In 2007, the West and the Foundation partnered with Strong American Schools as part of their "Ed in '08" campaign.


Premise: What empire covered most of India in the 16th century?

Hypothesis: In the 16th century, Mughals came from Central Asia and gradually covered most of India.


Premise: Who built the new wing?

Hypothesis: The ballroom wing and a further suite of state rooms were also built in this period, designed by Nash's student Sir James Pennethorne.


Premise: How is one attached to the cross?

Hypothesis: For one spit is transfixed right through from the lower parts up to the head, and one across the back, to which are attached the legs of the lamb."


Premise: Which organization did Beyoncé donate her pay for the private performance to?

Hypothesis: Rolling Stone reported that the music industry was urging them to return the money they earned for the concerts; a spokesperson for Beyoncé later confirmed to The Huffington Post that she donated the money to the Clinton Bush Haiti Fund.


Premise: What nickname is given to Electronic warfare aircraft?

Hypothesis: Electronic warfare aircraft are used to keep airspaces friendly, and send critical information to anyone who needs it.


Premise: During what dynasty did the wuzhu stop being the standard coin?

Hypothesis: Its use was interrupted briefly by several new currencies introduced during Wang Mang's regime until it was reinstated in 40 AD by Emperor Guangwu.


Premise: How many seasons was Mariah Carey a judge on American Idol?

Hypothesis: Both judges Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj also decided to leave after one season to focus on their music careers.


Premise: According to theory, what did climate change in the Late Triassic cause?

Hypothesis: The recent warming led to a boom of reptilian evolution on land as the first true dinosaurs evolve, as well as pterosaurs.


Premise: What theory did Darwin introduce?

Hypothesis: Major breakthroughs came in biology, especially in Darwin's theory of evolution, as well as physics (electromagnetism), mathematics (non-Euclidean geometry, group theory) and chemistry (organic chemistry).


Premise: What dynasty ruled Germany starting in 1024?

Hypothesis: In 1024, they were replaced by the Salian dynasty, who famously clashed with the papacy under Emperor Henry IV (r. 1084–1105) over church appointments as part of the Investiture Controversy.


Premise: Which suras in the Quran are particularly rhythmic?

Hypothesis: The language of the Quran has been described as "rhymed prose" as it partakes of both poetry and prose; however, this description runs the risk of failing to convey the rhythmic quality of Quranic language, which is more poetic in some parts and more prose-like in others.


Premise: How would you compare the rules of a treaty and a covenant under international law?

Hypothesis: Regardless of terminology, all of these forms of agreements are, under international law, equally considered treaties and the rules are the same.


Premise: As of 2012, prices for what commodity continued to drop?

Hypothesis: Prices for renewable energy technologies, primarily wind power and solar power, continued to drop, making renewables competitive with conventional energy sources.


Premise: Because of what they eat, dogs are classified as what?

Hypothesis: Unlike obligate carnivores, such as the cat family with its shorter small intestine, dogs can adapt to a wide-ranging diet, and are not dependent on meat-specific protein nor a very high level of protein in order to fulfill their basic dietary requirements.


Premise: When did Arsenal join the Football League?

Hypothesis: Arsenal was the first club from the south of England to join The Football League, in 1893.


Premise: What happened in the Carboniferous?

Hypothesis: In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life.


Premise: Which single from B'Day was only released in the U.K.?

Hypothesis: B'Day also produced three other singles; "Ring the Alarm", "Get Me Bodied", and "Green Light" (released in the United Kingdom only).


Premise: What were one of  Metzingers two showings in 1912's Salon des Independants?

Hypothesis: Although the work was shown in the Salon de la Section d'Or in October 1912 and the 1913 Armory Show in New York, Duchamp never forgave his brothers and former colleagues for censoring his work.


Premise: How does a CCA impact unlisted species?

Hypothesis: The FWS will then assure that if, in the future the unlisted species becomes listed, the landowner will not be required to do more than already agreed upon in the CCA.


Premise: What is the alternative name that Government of Ireland uses instead of British Isles?

Hypothesis: As a result, Britain and Ireland is used as an alternative description, and Atlantic Archipelago has had limited use among a minority in academia, although British Isles is still commonly employed.


Premise: At long range what, in theory, could be used to set ranging calculations?

Hypothesis: At short range, the apparent target area is relatively large, the trajectory is flat and the time of flight is short, allowing to correct lead by watching the tracers.


Premise: Beyonce's family's company name is what?

Hypothesis: The concept is inspired by three generations of women in their family, the name paying tribute to Beyoncé's grandmother, Agnèz Deréon, a respected seamstress.


Premise: What spirit did Dominic give to his followers?

Hypothesis: Fundamentally, Dominic was "... a man of prayer who utilized the full resources of the learning available to him to preach, to teach, and even materially to assist those searching for the truth found in the gospel of Christ.


Premise: Adherents to this position consider the influence of Anabaptists upon early Baptists to be what?

Hypothesis: Both individuals and churches were willing to give up their theological roots if they became convinced that a more biblical "truth" had been discovered.[page needed]


Premise: What led to the defeat of the Prussians at Memel?

Hypothesis: Sweden felt this small army was all that was needed to occupy Pomerania and felt the Swedish army would not need to engage with the Prussians because the Prussians were occupied on so many other fronts.


Premise: What portable game systems have SNES emulators?

Hypothesis: While individual games have been included with emulators on some GameCube discs, Nintendo's Virtual Console service for the Wii marks the introduction of officially sanctioned general SNES emulation, though SNES9x GX, a port of SNES9x, has been made for the Wii.


Premise: Slovene is a major language in what country?

Hypothesis: Serbian is spoken in Serbia, Bosnia, and Croatia; Bulgarian is spoken in Bulgaria; Croatian is spoken in Croatia and Bosnia; Bosnian is spoken in Bosnia; Slovene is spoken in Slovenia; and Macedonian is spoken in Macedonia.


Premise: Why was the Centre de Liasion et d'information des Puissances maconniques signataires de l'Appel de Strasbourg set up?

Hypothesis: The United Grand Lodge of England does not communicate with any of these jurisdictions, and expects its allies to follow suit.


Premise: What social systems can greatly influence someone realization of their sexual preference?

Hypothesis: Social systems such as religion, language and ethnic traditions can have a powerful impact on realization of sexual orientation.


Premise: The Dominican Order was also greatly helped by what German friar?

Hypothesis: Indeed, it was the thirty years of work done by Thomas Aquinas and himself (1245–1274) that allowed for the inclusion of Aristotelian study in the curriculum of Dominican schools.


Premise: What is a common Attic-based dialect?

Hypothesis: This mixture of Greek-speakers gave birth to a common Attic-based dialect, known as Koine Greek, which became the lingua franca through the Hellenistic world.


Premise: In 1973, which historian objected to comparisons between Napoleon and Hitler?

Hypothesis: He was compared to Adolf Hitler most famously by the historian Pieter Geyl in 1947 and Claude Ribbe in 2005.


Premise: In what century did the Carnival become an organized event?

Hypothesis: In the twentieth century it became an organized event held during the 10 days preceding Lent (according to the Greek Orthodox calendar).


Premise: How many people arrived without an invitation?

Hypothesis: Entrance was restricted to ticket holders as many people were expected to attend.


Premise: What did the soviets opposed rebuilding?

Hypothesis: Several of these western countries also coordinated efforts regarding the rebuilding of western Europe, including western Germany, which the Soviets opposed.


Premise: How many participants are there?

Hypothesis: General gymnastics enables people of all ages and abilities to participate in performance groups of 6 to more than 150 athletes.


Premise: Are lignified cells able to continue dividing?

Hypothesis: Exceptions include highly lignified cells, the sclerenchyma and xylem which are dead at maturity, and the phloem sieve tubes which lack nuclei.


Premise: Who operated the automatic beam system?

Hypothesis: The single approach beam along which the bomber tracked was monitored by a ground controller.


Premise: What is cargo cult science?

Hypothesis: He instructed the graduating class that "The first principle is that you must not fool yourself—and you are the easiest person to fool.


Premise: Along with triangular shapes, what are common henna designs in Somalia?

Hypothesis: Somali henna designs are similar to those in the Arabian peninsula, often featuring flower motifs and triangular shapes.


Premise: What kind of support does Dell provide using a computer's service-tag?

Hypothesis: In addition, the company provides protection services, advisory services, multivendor hardware support, "how-to" support for software applications, collaborative support with many third-party vendors, and online parts and labor dispatching for customers who diagnose and troubleshoot their hardware.


Premise: Was was the name given to the Alsace provincinal court?

Hypothesis: The province had a single provincial court (Landgericht) and a central administration with its seat at Hagenau.


Premise: What is the Taragaon Museum dedicated to?

Hypothesis: The Taragaon Museum presents the modern history of the Kathmandu Valley.


Premise: What states border Florida

Hypothesis: The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba.


Premise: What hunting weapon was found in the Southwestern US during  500 to 1200 C.E.?

Hypothesis: In the Southwestern United States it occurred from 500 to 1200 C.E. when there was a dramatic increase in population and development of large villages supported by agriculture based on dryland farming of maize, and later, beans, squash, and domesticated turkeys.


Premise: Who was the mother of Charles Léon?

Hypothesis: Napoleon acknowledged one illegitimate son: Charles Léon (1806–1881) by Eléonore Denuelle de La Plaigne.


Premise: Where is Volkswagen Group's AutoEuropa assembly plant located?

Hypothesis: Volkswagen Group's AutoEuropa motor vehicle assembly plant in Palmela is among the largest foreign direct investment projects in Portugal.


Premise: What percentage of Bavarian students went to a Gesamtschule in 2007?

Hypothesis: In the State of Brandenburg more than 50% of all students attended a Gesamtschule in 2007, while in the State of Bavaria less than 1% did.


Premise: Name one test used to recognize MI?

Hypothesis: A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography.


Premise: What are two songs that reference the school's team colors in their titles?

Hypothesis: Notable among a number of songs commonly played and sung at various events such as commencement and convocation, and athletic games are: "I’m a Jayhawk", "Fighting Jayhawk"


Premise: An otherwise valid and agreed upon treaty may be rejected as what for several reasons most of which involve problems created at the formation of a treaty?

Hypothesis: For example, the serial Japan-Korea treaties of 1905, 1907 and 1910 were protested; and they were confirmed as "already null and void" in the 1965 Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea.


Premise: By using silicon wafers, what is being avoided?

Hypothesis: This avoids the typical costly sapphire substrate in relatively small 100- or 150-mm wafer sizes.


Premise: Beyonce's younger sibling also sang with her in what band?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé's younger sister Solange is also a singer and a former member of Destiny's Child.


Premise: How far is Raleigh from Atlantic Beach?

Hypothesis: Raleigh is located in the northeast central region of North Carolina, where the Piedmont and Atlantic Coastal Plain regions meet.


Premise: Which species of birds were recorded 3,000 years ago?

Hypothesis: Historically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows.


Premise: What does ADGB stand for?

Hypothesis: The term air defence was probably first used by Britain when Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) was created as a Royal Air Force command in 1925.


Premise: What do non-self-executing treaties typically require from a party to enable it to fulfill its obligations?

Hypothesis: Treaties may be seen as 'self-executing', in that merely becoming a party puts the treaty and all of its obligations in action.


Premise: How many people competed to be Brasilia's urban planner?

Hypothesis: Lúcio Costa won a contest and was the main urban planner in 1957, with 5550 people competing.


Premise: Moltke had originally planned to kee Bazaine's army on what river?

Hypothesis: Moltke had originally planned to keep Bazaine's army on the Saar River until he could attack it with the 2nd Army in front and the 1st Army on its left flank, while the 3rd Army closed towards the rear.


Premise: How many albums did Beyonce sell in the first week when she released her second album?

Hypothesis: It sold 541,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200, becoming Beyoncé's second consecutive number-one album in the United States.


Premise: What did Broca discover in the human brain?

Hypothesis: Broca, being what today would be called a neurosurgeon, had taken an interest in the pathology of speech.


Premise: How long is the B-52H scheduled to remain in service of the USAF?

Hypothesis: The B-21 is projected to replace the B-52 and parts of the B-1B force by the mid-2020s.


Premise: What groups is named after the trait of growth by moulting or ecdysis?

Hypothesis: The Ecdysozoa are protostomes, named after the common trait of growth by moulting or ecdysis.


Premise: Where did Paul Broca reside?

Hypothesis: When he read Darwin he became an immediate convert to Transformisme, as the French called evolutionism.


Premise: Who was the target of the record companies?

Hypothesis: They reacted by pursuing lawsuits against Napster (which was eventually shut down and later sold) and against individual users who engaged in file sharing.


Premise: What event occurs on New Year's Eve?

Hypothesis: There are several major annual events such as First Night, which occurs on New Year's Eve, the Boston Early Music Festival, the annual Boston Arts Festival at Christopher Columbus Waterfront Park, and Italian summer feasts in the North End honoring Catholic saints.


Premise: What did the mid Ming dynasty discussion focus mainly on?

Hypothesis: Sperling states that the delicate relationship between the Ming and Tibet was "the last time a united China had to deal with an independent Tibet," that there was a potential for armed conflict at their borders, and that the ultimate goal of Ming foreign policy with Tibet was not subjugation but "avoidance of any kind of Tibetan threat."


Premise: In Iran, who has the final say in all matters directly related to the Supreme Leader?

Hypothesis: The President is responsible for the implementation of the Constitution and for the exercise of executive powers, except for matters directly related to the Supreme Leader, who has the final say in all matters.


Premise: What date is usually given as the beginning of the Middle Ages?

Hypothesis: For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date.


Premise: What agency maintains the Presidential Library system?

Hypothesis: NARA also maintains the Presidential Library system, a nationwide network of libraries for preserving and making available the documents of U.S. presidents since Herbert Hoover.


Premise: What is a major cause of death in neonates in Eriterea?

Hypothesis: A major cause of death in neonates is by severe infection.


Premise: When does "Movement" occur?

Hypothesis: The Detroit Electronic Music Festival, now known as "Movement", occurs annually in late May on Memorial Day Weekend, and takes place in Hart Plaza.


Premise: Which type of eclectic music had a huge variety, large innovations and an "anything goes" mentality?

Hypothesis: Post-punk was an eclectic genre which resulted in a wide variety of musical innovations and helped merge white and black musical styles.


Premise: What is an example of a device that requires more than 500 mA of current?

Hypothesis: However, USB compliance specification states that "use of a 'Y' cable (a cable with two A-plugs) is prohibited on any USB peripheral", meaning that "if a USB peripheral requires more power than allowed by the USB specification to which it is designed, then it must be self-powered."


Premise: What was the name of Kanye West's women's clothing line?

Hypothesis: On October 1, 2011, Kanye West premiered his women's fashion label, DW Kanye West at Paris Fashion Week.


Premise: What team left the AFL after the 2015 season to join another league?

Hypothesis: For its 2015 season, the league consisted of 12 teams, all from the United States; however, upon the completion of the regular season, the league announced that the two teams it had assumed operation of during the season would cease all operations effective immediately; a regular season game slated between the two had previously been canceled and declared a tie.


Premise: Which political figure supported the Saar Statute referendum?

Hypothesis: In the Paris Agreements of 23 October 1954, France offered to establish an independent "Saarland", under the auspices of the Western European Union (WEU), but on 23 October 1955 in the Saar Statute referendum the Saar electorate rejected this plan by 67.7% to 32.3% (out of a 96.5% turnout: 423,434 against, 201,975 for) despite the public support of Federal German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer for the plan.


Premise: What was thought to be the main focal point of the debate?

Hypothesis: Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign.


Premise: What is the customary calendar of Iran?

Hypothesis: The Solar Hijri calendar, also called the Shamsi Hijri calendar, and abbreviated as SH, is the official calendar of Iran and Afghanistan.


Premise: Who had control over Iraq before it was recaptured in 1639?

Hypothesis: The resulting Treaty of Zuhab of that same year decisively parted the Caucasus and adjacent regions between the two neighbouring empires as it had already been defined in the 1555 Peace of Amasya.


Premise: Where do the three children watch the trial?

Hypothesis: Despite significant evidence of Tom's innocence, the jury convicts him.


Premise: What event occured after she was publicly criticized?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé stated that she struggled to speak about her depression because Destiny's Child had just won their first Grammy Award and she feared no one would take her seriously.


Premise: Along with Thai Boxing, in what has Mohamed Jama won a European title?

Hypothesis: In the martial arts, Faisal Jeylani Aweys and Mohamed Deq Abdulle also took home a silver medal and fourth place, respectively, at the 2013 Open World Taekwondo Challenge Cup in Tongeren.


Premise: The Chihuahuan Desert also extends into which neighboring Mexican state?

Hypothesis: The desert zone also accounts for about a third of the state's surface area.


Premise: What three points do most theists agree on?

Hypothesis: Most theists hold that God is omnipotent, omniscient, and benevolent, although this belief raises questions about God's responsibility for evil and suffering in the world.


Premise: After South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, who was sent to Charleston Harbor?

Hypothesis: Soon, federal soldiers were dispensed to Charleston's forts, and five United States Coast Guard cutters were detached to Charleston Harbor "to take possession of any vessel arriving from a foreign port, and defend her against any attempt to dispossess the Customs Officers of her custody until all the requirements of law have been complied with.


Premise: What does ein diutscher mean?

Hypothesis: Natively, the term ein diutscher ("a German") is used for the people of Germany from the 12th century.


Premise: What country is the game chuck-guk from?

Hypothesis: They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football.


Premise: Who is a projecting Lady Chapel dedicated to?

Hypothesis: In France the eastern end is often polygonal and surrounded by a walkway called an ambulatory and sometimes a ring of chapels called a "chevet".


Premise: Who is the current head of Comcast?

Hypothesis: Roberts owns or controls just over 1% of all Comcast shares but all of the Class B supervoting shares, which gives him an "undilutable 33% voting power over the company".


Premise: What is another word to describe a Jew?

Hypothesis: , "Jude" in German, "judeu" in Portuguese, "juif" in French, "jøde" in Danish and Norwegian, "judío" in Spanish, "jood" in Dutch, etc., but derivations of the word "Hebrew" are also in use to describe a Jew, e.g., in Italian (Ebreo), in Persian ("Ebri/Ebrani" (Persian: عبری/عبرانی)) and Russian (Еврей, Yevrey).


Premise: What dynasty ruled Neustria?

Hypothesis: Ireland was divided into even smaller political units, usually known as tribal kingdoms, under the control of kings.


Premise: the vinaya was recited by?

Hypothesis: Upāli recited the vinaya.


Premise: What might have encouraged landlords to abandon or destroy buildings?

Hypothesis: There was also much debate as to whether rent control laws had made it less profitable (or more costly) for landlords to maintain existing buildings with their existing tenants than to abandon or destroy those buildings.


Premise: What is considered pure and used as a ritual cloth?

Hypothesis: Wool is considered as pure and is used as a ritual cloth.


Premise: When was Roncalli elected pope?

Hypothesis: Pope John XXIII surprised those who expected him to be a caretaker pope by calling the historic Second Vatican Council (1962–65), the first session opening on 11 October 1962.


Premise: What is the policy in the Muslim world on depicting Mohammed?

Hypothesis: All but one sura of the Quran begins with the phrase "In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful".


Premise: Where did it sell?

Hypothesis: The successful bidder was David Gold, the then joint chairman of Birmingham City; claiming the FA and government were doing nothing proactive to ensure the trophy remained in the country, Gold stated his purchase was motivated by wanting to save it for the nation.


Premise: What do most wrestlers do, as far as how they act?

Hypothesis: In Latin America and English-speaking countries, most wrestlers (and other on-stage performers) portray character roles, sometimes with personalities wildly different from their own.


Premise: How wide is Swaziland in miles??

Hypothesis: Despite its size, however, its climate and topography is diverse, ranging from a cool and mountainous highveld to a hot and dry lowveld.


Premise: How much did Shell plan to raise from the sale of its assets?

Hypothesis: Shell invited buyers to submit indicative bids, due by 22 March, with a plan to raise $2–3bn from the sale.


Premise: What publications were shut down 1972?

Hypothesis: In February 1973, he resigned again, once more returning the following month.


Premise: In what year did the revenue of food and entertainment eclipse the output of industry?

Hypothesis: In 1933, the revenue generated by the food and entertainment industry in the city exceeded the sum of the output of the manufacturing and agriculture industry.


Premise: What is Zhejiang's location vulnerable to from the sea?

Hypothesis: Zhejiang benefited less from central government investment than some other provinces due to its lack of natural resources, a location vulnerable to potential flooding from the sea, and an economic base at the national average.


Premise: What is full-duplex in SuperSpeed transfer mode?

Hypothesis: The new SuperSpeed bus provides a fourth transfer mode with a data signaling rate of 5.0 Gbit/s, in addition to the modes supported by earlier versions.


Premise: Did the political parties choose those colors?

Hypothesis: However, unlike political color schemes of other countries, the parties did not choose those colors; they were used in news coverage of 2000 election results and ensuing legal battle and caught on in popular usage.


Premise: How does Arsenal Ladies rank as compared with other English women's football teams?

Hypothesis: Arsenal Ladies are the most successful team in English women's football.


Premise: What did the Treaty of Rome establish?

Hypothesis: The proposal was never accepted and the following year France signed the Treaty of Rome, which established the European Economic Community, the precursor to the European Union.


Premise: What is the favorite prey of leatherback sea turtles?

Hypothesis: These are: The leatherback sea turtles which have leather skin instead of a shell and are the largest of the type found here, some times measuring a much as 3 m (average is about 1.5 m) and weighing about 450 kg (jellyfish is their favourite diet); the hawksbill turtles, which have hawk-like beaks and found near reefs, generally about 90 cm in diameter and weigh about 60 kg and their diet consists of crabs and snails; and the green turtles, herbivores which have rounded heads, generally about 90 cm in diameter and live amidst tall sea grasses.


Premise: What do Bulgarian linguists regard the Macedonian language as?

Hypothesis: Macedonian, although mutually intelligible with Bulgarian, certain dialects of Serbian and to a lesser extent the rest of the South Slavic dialect continuum, is considered by Bulgarian linguists to be a Bulgarian dialect, in contrast with the contemporary international view and the view in the Republic of Macedonia, which regards it as a language in its own right.


Premise: Where does Tio Ellinas race?

Hypothesis: There is also mixed martial artist Costas Philippou, who competes in the Ultimate Fighting Championship promotion's middleweight division.


Premise: What pope first issued Papal pronouncements against Freemasons?

Hypothesis: The first was Pope Clement XII's In eminenti apostolatus, 28 April 1738; the most recent was Pope Leo XIII's Ab apostolici, 15 October 1890.


Premise: From which direction did Alexander enter Punjab?

Hypothesis: Having taken a northeasterly direction, he marched against the Aspii (mountaineers), who offered vigorous resistance, but were subdued.[citation needed]


Premise: What are giant axons?

Hypothesis: Experiments have shown that cutting the giant axons prevents this escape response but does not affect normal movement.


Premise: Are children or adolescents more likely to question assertions and less likely to accept facts?

Hypothesis: They begin to differentiate between rules instituted out of common sense—not touching a hot stove—and those that are based on culturally-relative standards (codes of etiquette, not dating until a certain age), a delineation that younger children do not make.


Premise: Who makes the claim that Hayek was actually a conservative?

Hypothesis: In Why F A Hayek is a Conservative, British policy analyst Madsen Pirie claims Hayek mistakes the nature of the conservative outlook.


Premise: According to Kierkegaard, why can't reality be a system for human beings?

Hypothesis: Kierkegaard criticised Hegel's idealist philosophy in several of his works, particularly his claim to a comprehensive system that could explain the whole of reality.


Premise: What have classical trained performers done extensively?

Hypothesis: Performers who have studied classical music extensively are said to be "classically trained".


Premise: What was the size  of the invading force?

Hypothesis: New Haven was not torched as the invaders did with Danbury in 1777, or Fairfield and Norwalk a week after the New Haven raid, so many of the town's colonial features were preserved.


Premise: What branch of the Uralic language family does Estonian belong to?

Hypothesis: It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.


Premise: What was the name of the Royal Charter?

Hypothesis: This time they succeeded, and on 31 December 1600, the Queen granted a Royal Charter to "George, Earl of Cumberland, and 215 Knights, Aldermen, and Burgesses" under the name, Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies.


Premise: Some federal and state statutes remain on the books for how long after they are ruled unconstitutional?

Hypothesis: However, under the principle of stare decisis, no sensible lower court will enforce an unconstitutional statute, and any court that does so will be reversed by the Supreme Court.


Premise: What did the first federal wildlife commerce law prohibit?

Hypothesis: The Lacey Act of 1900 was the first federal law that regulated commercial animal markets.


Premise: Which column did Piers Morgan edit at The Sun?

Hypothesis: Television personality Piers Morgan, a former editor of the Daily Mirror and of The Sun's Bizarre pop column, has said that during the late 1980s, at Kelvin MacKenzie's behest, he was ordered to speculate on the sexuality of male pop stars for a feature headlined "The Poofs of Pop".


Premise: Who can usually be found watching supply ships unload at Norfolk Island?

Hypothesis: Visitors often gather to watch the activity when a supply ship arrives.


Premise: Who wrote that a Soviet invasion of Japan was unlikely?

Hypothesis: However, other scholars have argued that the bombings shocked the Japanese government into surrender, with Emperor finally indicating his wish to stop the war.


Premise: What is the DVB's role?

Hypothesis: The DVB develops and agrees upon specifications which are formally standardised by ETSI.


Premise: What is another way of phrasing "time order"?

Hypothesis: A sequence of events, or series of events, is a sequence of items, facts, events, actions, changes, or procedural steps, arranged in time order (chronological order), often with causality relationships among the items.


Premise: What is Amphetamine's market name?

Hypothesis: In 1911 arsphenamine, the first synthetic anti-infective drug, was developed by Paul Ehrlich and chemist Alfred Bertheim of the Institute of Experimental Therapy in Berlin.


Premise: In Estonia how many people speak Estonian as their native language


Premise: How does Whitehead define he consequent nature of God?

Hypothesis: In this way, God is really changed by what happens in the world and the wider universe, lending the actions of finite creatures an eternal significance.


Premise: When did France attack Prussia?

Hypothesis: It created the German Empire in 1871 as a German nation-state, effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein.


Premise: For what month does Southampton hold the UK's record high temperature?

Hypothesis: As with the rest of the UK, Southampton experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb).


Premise: In what year was Devil May Cry 4 added to the budget game offerings for PS3?

Hypothesis: Sony have since launched their budget range of PlayStation 3 titles, known as the Greatest Hits range in North America, the Platinum range in Europe and Australia and The Best range in Japan.


Premise: What are primary sex characteristics?

Hypothesis: Primary sex characteristics are those directly related to the sex organs.


Premise: The Tallgrass Prairie Preserve is the largest protected tallgrass prairie in what area?

Hypothesis: With 39,000 acres (158 km2), the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in north-central Oklahoma is the largest protected area of tallgrass prairie in the world and is part of an ecosystem that encompasses only 10 percent of its former land area, once covering 14 states.


Premise: Which case that went to the Supreme Court resulted in a decision regarding public universities and affirmative action?

Hypothesis: In 1978, the Supreme Court ruled in Bakke v. Regents that public universities (and other government institutions) could not set specific numerical targets based on race for admissions or employment.


Premise: Where was the Ottoman empire founded?

Hypothesis: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey, was an empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwestern Anatolia.


Premise: Who delivered the peace terms of the Vienna Conference to the Russians?

Hypothesis: The representatives of the four neutral Great Powers—the United Kingdom, France, Austria and Prussia—met in Vienna, where they drafted a note that they hoped would be acceptable to both the Russians and the Ottomans.


Premise: What type of language did Paul VI want to the church to relay dogma in?

Hypothesis: He asked them not to repeat or create new dogmatic definitions but to explain in simple words how the Church sees itself.


Premise: What is the chief remaining nation to assign official responsibilities to a region called the Near East?

Hypothesis: The most influential agencies in the United States still using Near East as a working concept are as follows.


Premise: How many viewers did the half-time show attract?

Hypothesis: The album was well received by music critics, with Priya Elan from NME calling it "a ridiculously enjoyable romp", citing its "psychotic, soul-bearing stuff" as "some of the most visceral stuff she's ever done.


Premise: Where was Petersburg located in relation to Ford Stedman?

Hypothesis: General Lee then informed Jefferson Davis that he was about to evacuate Richmond.


Premise: What is the conviction that Jehovah's Witness leaders dispense absolute truth?

Hypothesis: Beckford identified the religion's chief characteristics as historicism (identifying historical events as relating to the outworking of God's purpose), absolutism (conviction that Jehovah's Witness leaders dispense absolute truth), activism (capacity to motivate members to perform missionary tasks), rationalism (conviction that Witness doctrines have a rational basis devoid of mystery), authoritarianism (rigid presentation of regulations without the opportunity for criticism) and world indifference (rejection of certain secular requirements and medical treatments).


Premise: When was Kösem murdered?

Hypothesis: The most prominent women of this period were Kösem Sultan and her daughter-in-law Turhan Hatice, whose political rivalry culminated in Kösem's murder in 1651.


Premise: What king of Macedon aided the pirate Demetrius of Pharos?

Hypothesis: Tension between Macedon and Rome increased when the young king of Macedon, Philip V harbored one of the chief pirates, Demetrius of Pharos (a former client of Rome).


Premise: Who else did they accuse of using child labor products?

Hypothesis: Anti-Slavery International and the Environmental Justice Foundation (EJF) accused H&M and Zara of using cotton suppliers in Bangladesh.


Premise: What may be invoked as grounds for permanently terminating a treaty?

Hypothesis: If a party has materially violated or breached its treaty obligations, the other parties may invoke this breach as grounds for temporarily suspending their obligations to that party under the treaty.


Premise: What denomination do the Brethren originate from?

Hypothesis: Although the group refused for many years to take any denominational name to itself—a stance that some of them still maintain—the title The Brethren, is one that many of their number are comfortable with in that the Bible designates all believers as brethren.


Premise: What year were the Oaths of Strasbourg written?

Hypothesis: It derived from the Old Germanic word theudisk, one of the first names ever used for the non-Romance languages of Western Europe, meaning (pertaining to the language) of the people, that is, the native Germanic language.


Premise: How spread out were the Allied forces in Southeastern Asia?

Hypothesis: This gave Wavell nominal control of a huge force, albeit thinly spread over an area from Burma to the Philippines to northern Australia.


Premise: How is Paris' climate categorized?

Hypothesis: Paris has a typical Western European oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb ) which is affected by the North Atlantic Current.


Premise: What was also pushed for by result of sarmatism?

Hypothesis: It was popularized by poets who exalted traditional village life, peace and pacifism.


Premise: The search for mysticism in the Dominican Order goes back to what?

Hypothesis: These images arose out of a confusing mass of ambiguous and ambivalent statements regarding the nature of God and man's relationship to Him.


Premise: When was the Third Battle of Panipat?

Hypothesis: In Punjab and Kashmir, the Marathas were now major players.


Premise: In central and eastern Europe it is thought that Jewish scorn for the life-style of their neighbors increased due to what?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, Jews lived almost exclusively in shtetls, maintained a strong system of education for males, heeded rabbinic leadership, and scorned the life-style of their neighbors; and all of these tendencies increased with every outbreak of antisemitism.


Premise: What percentage did Patasse win with?

Hypothesis: Patassé's party, the Mouvement pour la Libération du Peuple Centrafricain (MLPC) or Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People, gained a simple but not an absolute majority of seats in parliament, which meant Patassé's party required coalition partners.[citation needed]


Premise: Who is the secretary of the 51st State Party?

Hypothesis: The party's secretary is Paulus Telfer, a former Christchurch mayoral candidate.


Premise: The Queensboro Bridge utilized what type of construction?

Hypothesis: The Manhattan Bridge, Throgs Neck Bridge, Triborough Bridge, and Verrazano-Narrows Bridge are all examples of Structural Expressionism.


Premise: What is another name that is used for the British Isles?

Hypothesis: Other names used to describe the islands include the Anglo-Celtic Isles, Atlantic archipelago, British-Irish Isles, Britain and Ireland, UK and Ireland, and British Isles and Ireland.


Premise: Which school acquired the former Ave Maria building after a Roman catholic school moved from there?

Hypothesis: Other local colleges and universities include Concordia University Ann Arbor, a Lutheran liberal-arts institution; a campus of the University of Phoenix; and Cleary University, a private business school.


Premise: What was the longest that a song spent at #1 on the adult contemporary charts in the 1980s?

Hypothesis: Two of these were by Lionel Richie, "You Are" in 1983 and "Hello" in 1984, which also reached #1 on the Hot 100.


Premise: How long did Prohibition last?

Hypothesis: During Prohibition, which was enacted nationally in 1919 and lasted until 1933, much liquor was consumed and gambling regularly took place in the back rooms of nightclubs and restaurants.


Premise: Against what government was the Hassi Messaoud defense agreement directed against?

Hypothesis: Turning his attention to Algeria, in 1975 Libya signed the Hassi Messaoud defence agreement allegedly to counter "Moroccan expansionism", also funding the Polisario Front of Western Sahara in their independence struggle against Morocco.


Premise: Was Alexandria welcoming to other cultures?

Hypothesis: Intellectually, morally, and politically—it epitomized the ethnically diverse Graeco-Roman world, even more than Rome or Constantinople, Antioch or Marseilles.


Premise: Why did blacks fear to identify as African?

Hypothesis: Though initially a source of pride, many blacks feared that the use of African as an identity would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US.


Premise: What were the foundation stones of Sumerian houses consecrated by?

Hypothesis: According to Archibald Sayce, the primitive pictograms of the early Sumerian (i.e. Uruk) era suggest that "Stone was scarce, but was already cut into blocks and seals.


Premise: When did Jews originate as a national and religious group in the Middle East?

Hypothesis: Jews originated as a national and religious group in the Middle East during the second millennium BCE, in the part of the Levant known as the Land of Israel.


Premise: Who were Virgil's literary executors?

Hypothesis: Some scholars have argued that Virgil deliberately left these metrically incomplete lines for dramatic effect.


Premise: When were ski-lifts built in Swiss and Austrian towns?

Hypothesis: Until this point Austria and Switzerland had been the traditional and more popular destinations for winter sports, but by the end of the 20th century and into the early 21st century, France, Italy and the Tyrol began to see increases in winter visitors.


Premise: Who ate the meat of the sacrifice during the after sacrifice  banquet?

Hypothesis: Rome's officials and priests reclined in order of precedence alongside and ate the meat; lesser citizens may have had to provide their own.


Premise: What types of feathers did debutantes wear in their hair?

Hypothesis: Débutantes wore full court dress, with three tall ostrich feathers in their hair.


Premise: What two things are associated with a greater risk of asthma-like symptoms?

Hypothesis: Also, phthalates in certain types of PVC are associated with asthma in children and adults.


Premise: When was the Associations Incorporation Act adopted?

Hypothesis: From an academic perspective, social enterprise is for the most part considered a sub-set of the nonprofit sector as typically they too are concerned with a purpose relating to a public good, however these are not bound to adhere to a nonprofit legal structure and many incorporate and operate as for-profit entities.


Premise: What kind of cup did the woman on the scarlet horned beast have?

Hypothesis: And the woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet colour, and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls, having a golden cup in her hand full of abominations and filthiness of her fornication: "And upon her forehead was a name written a mystery: Babylon the Great, the Mother of Harlots and of all the abominations of the earth:


Premise: What is her nickname that she was given because her children married into royal families across the continent?

Hypothesis: Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent, tying them together and earning her the sobriquet "the grandmother of Europe".


Premise: How was Erichtho portrayed?

Hypothesis: A female foreigner from Thessaly, notorious for witchcraft, Erichtho is the stereotypical witch of Latin literature, along with Horace's Canidia.


Premise: Which US venue did Queen sell out in 1977?

Hypothesis: Today programme, but they pulled out at the last-minute, which saw their late replacement on the show, EMI labelmate the Sex Pistols, give their seminal interview.


Premise: How many students were enrolled in primary school in 2010?

Hypothesis: Prince Andrew School provides secondary education for students aged 11 to 18.


Premise: Which Detroit artist has the highest hip-hop sales?

Hypothesis: The city also has an active garage rock genre that has generated national attention with acts such as:


Premise: What kind of climate does Southampton have?

Hypothesis: As with the rest of the UK, Southampton experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb).


Premise: What do specialized predators and prey rely on to get the upper hand?

Hypothesis: This is called an evolutionary arms race and tends to keep the populations of both species in equilibrium.


Premise: What led to an economic boom in St. John's?

Hypothesis: As a result, the St. John's area now accounts for about half of the province's economic output.


Premise: The serpent is what type of instrument?

Hypothesis: Brass instruments included the cornett, natural horn, Baroque trumpet, serpent and the trombone.


Premise: What gods were in the Capitoline triad?

Hypothesis: The city had commercial and political treaties with its neighbours; according to tradition, Rome's Etruscan connections established a temple to Minerva on the predominantly plebeian Aventine; she became part of a new Capitoline triad of Jupiter, Juno and Minerva, installed in a Capitoline temple, built in an Etruscan style and dedicated in a new September festival, Epulum Jovis.


Premise: What organizations did the hearing about video game violence in 1993 lead to?

Hypothesis: While Nintendo took the high ground with moderate success, the hearings led to the creation of the Interactive Digital Software Association and the Entertainment Software Rating Board, and the inclusion of ratings on all video games.


Premise: What is the 2000-watt society initiative designed to cut by more than half by 2050?

Hypothesis: The former ten-year moratorium on the construction of new nuclear power plants was the result of a citizens' initiative voted on in 1990 which had passed with 54.5%


Premise: How many counties are in Estonia?

Hypothesis: Modern Estonia is a fairly ethnically heterogeneous country, but this heterogeneity is not a feature of much of the country as the non-Estonian population is concentrated in two of Estonia's counties.


Premise: To how many territories is the Premier League broadcast to?

Hypothesis: The Premier League rank second in the UEFA coefficients of leagues based on performances in European competitions over the past five seasons.


Premise: What hemisphere of stars did Edmond Halley want to study with the telescope?

Hypothesis: On leaving the University of Oxford, in 1676, Edmond Halley visited Saint Helena and set up an astronomical observatory with a 7.3-metre-long (24 ft) aerial telescope with the intention of studying stars from the Southern Hemisphere.


Premise: Why does Friedrinch Netzsche believe human rights exist?

Hypothesis: In his Genealogy of Morals, he argues that human rights exist as a means for the weak to collectively constrain the strong.


Premise: What is the name of the chieftan who led his army to victory in the Battle of Allia River?

Hypothesis: The Gauls, led by chieftain Brennus, defeated the Roman army of approximately 15,000 troops, pursued the fleeing Romans back to Rome, and sacked the city before being either driven off or bought off.


Premise: What company is Rob Pardo associated with?

Hypothesis: However, Tom Warren of The Verge stated that Microsoft's addition of the Store was simply responding to the success of both Apple and Google in pursuing the "curated application store approach."


Premise: How are humans commonly exposed to the byproducts of the bleaching process?

Hypothesis: They are known to be carcinogenic.


Premise: In what place did the Everton FC place in the 2004-05 season?

Hypothesis: In 2002–03 Everton finished seventh, their highest finish since 1996.


Premise: By what years were many of the great hotels suffering from high vacancy rates?

Hypothesis: Most of them were either shut down, converted to cheap apartments, or converted to nursing home facilities by the end of the decade.


Premise: What city did the Qing lose in 1853?

Hypothesis: Early during the Taiping Rebellion, Qing forces suffered a series of disastrous defeats culminating in the loss of the regional capital city of Nanjing in 1853.


Premise: What are the 4 main rivers in Sichuan?

Hypothesis: Sichuan's 4 main rivers, as Sichuan means literally, are Jaling Jiang, Tuo Jiang, Yalong Jiang, and Jinsha Jiang.


Premise: Do I need a stadium to compete?

Hypothesis: All clubs entering the competition must also have a suitable stadium.


Premise: What was the islands codename during World War II?

Hypothesis: During World War II, the islands were used as a top secret Royal Navy weather and radio station codenamed HMS Atlantic Isle, to monitor Nazi U-boats (which were required to maintain radio contact) and shipping movements in the South Atlantic Ocean.


Premise: How often is Catholic mass held at Notre Dame in a week?

Hypothesis: The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge.


Premise: What term describes the group of integers related to a prime number?

Hypothesis: The group operation is multiplication modulo p.


Premise: During what years did the Avignon Papacy occur?

Hypothesis: During the tumultuous 14th century, disputes within the leadership of the Church led to the Avignon Papacy of 1305–78, also called the "Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy" (a reference to the Babylonian captivity of the Jews), and then to the Great Schism, lasting from 1378 to 1418, when there were two and later three rival popes, each supported by several states.


Premise: Why does clinical immunology extend to those areas?

Hypothesis: Clinical immunology is the study of diseases caused by disorders of the immune system (failure, aberrant action, and malignant growth of the cellular elements of the system).


Premise: In what city is the Miami Amtrak Station?

Hypothesis: Current construction of the Miami Central Station will move all Amtrak operations from its current out-of-the-way location to a centralized location with Metrorail, MIA Mover, Tri-Rail, Miami International Airport, and the Miami Intermodal Center all within the same station closer to Downtown.


Premise: How are Toxicara canis infections spread?

Hypothesis: Toxocara canis (dog roundworm) eggs in dog feces can cause toxocariasis.


Premise: What condition does an abnormal color usually indicate in wood?

Hypothesis: The discoloration is merely an indication of an injury, and in all probability does not of itself affect the properties of the wood.


Premise: What is the intended purpose of the "Q" component?

Hypothesis: These signal components are further referred to as "I" and "Q".


Premise: Which street forms the boundary between Harlem and Washington Heights?

Hypothesis: 155th Street is a major crosstown street considered to form the boundary between Harlem and Washington Heights.


Premise: What does Teheran, Isfahan, Mashhad, and Shiraz have in common?

Hypothesis: Alongside the capital, the most popular tourist destinations are Isfahan, Mashhad and Shiraz.


Premise: What was the Areonautics Branch renamed to?

Hypothesis: The Aeronautics Branch was renamed the Bureau of Air Commerce in 1934 to reflect its enhanced status within the Department.


Premise: What's a third name for double daylight saving time or Double Summer Time used in Europe?

Hypothesis: Double daylight saving time has been used on occasion; for example, it was used in some European countries during and shortly after World War II when it was referred to as "Double Summer Time".


Premise: What university is professor Gudmundur Alfredssson from?

Hypothesis: Several politicians and others have in recent years argued that Greenland could hypothetically be in a better financial situation as a part of the United States; for instance mentioned by professor Gudmundur Alfredsson at University of Akureyri in 2014.


Premise: How was the Antarctic Peninsula formed?

Hypothesis: The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras.


Premise: Where is the the Umayyad Mosque located?

Hypothesis: The most important early Islamic mosaic work is the decoration of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, then capital of the Arab Caliphate.


Premise: A listener can hear how many frequencies at once?

Hypothesis: A listener hears numerous frequencies at once.


Premise: What sort of films were produced by Red Feather?

Hypothesis: In its early years Universal released three brands of feature films — Red Feather, low-budget programmers; Bluebird, more ambitious productions; and Jewel, their prestige motion pictures.


Premise: Who initially had control over the Sabines?

Hypothesis: The first Roman republican wars were wars of both expansion and defence, aimed at protecting Rome itself from neighbouring cities and nations and establishing its territory in the region.


Premise: How many families are there in Tucson as of 2010?

Hypothesis: Hispanic or Latino of any race were 41.6% of the population


Premise: Which room has The Ballroom replaced in terms of both use and importance?

Hypothesis: It has replaced the throne room in importance and use.


Premise: Where did John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert build the ENIAC?

Hypothesis: It also had modules to multiply, divide, and square root.


Premise: The 120 operational and developmental properties within the college that are not core to the academic mission belong to which portfolio?

Hypothesis: The College's endowment is sub-divided into three distinct portfolios: (i)


Premise: What did Calder try to expose in his book?

Hypothesis: It was evoked by both the right and left political factions in Britain during the Falklands War when it was embedded in a nostalgic narrative in which the Second World War represented aggressive British patriotism successfully defending democracy.


Premise: Are there any large lakes in Thuringia?

Hypothesis: Thuringia is Germany's only state without connection to navigable waterways.


Premise: What is an airport?

Hypothesis: An airport is an aerodrome with facilities for flights to take off and land.


Premise: Who wrote 'Alciphron'?

Hypothesis: A generation later, the Irish Anglican bishop, George Berkeley (1685–1753), determined that Locke's view immediately opened a door that would lead to eventual atheism.


Premise: By 1460, who controlled most of the territory south and west of the Rhine?

Hypothesis: By 1353, the three original cantons had joined with the cantons of Glarus and Zug and the Lucerne, Zürich and Bern city states to form the "Old Confederacy" of eight states that existed until the end of the 15th century.


Premise: The quickest growing local businesses in Somalia are what types of businesses?

Hypothesis: Both internet commerce and telephony have consequently become among the quickest growing local businesses.


Premise: What is an early version of the national encoding standard used in the people's public of China?

Hypothesis: GB2312, an early version of the national encoding standard used in the People's Republic of China, has 6,763 code points.


Premise: What is the first river that the 40th, 3rd, and 6th Japanese divisions crossed while advancing southward?

Hypothesis: In mainland China, the Japanese 3rd, 6th, and 40th Divisions massed at Yueyang and advanced southward in three columns and crossed the Xinqiang River, and tried again to cross the Miluo River to reach Changsha.


Premise: Who was made Secretary of State for Education in 1970?

Hypothesis: She ended the compulsion on local authorities to convert, however, many local authorities were so far down the path that it would have been prohibitively expensive to attempt to reverse the process, and more comprehensive schools were established under Mrs Thatcher than any other education secretary.


Premise: How much of the glaciation disappeared in Switzerland?

Hypothesis: High levels of precipitation cause the glaciers to descend to permafrost levels in some areas whereas in other, more arid regions, glaciers remain above about the 3,500 m (11,483 ft) level.


Premise: Tito was awarded with the Royal Order of what country?

Hypothesis: Some of the other foreign awards and decorations of Josip Broz Tito include Order of Merit, Order of Manuel Amador Guerrero, Order of Prince Henry, Order of Independence, Order of Merit, Order of the Nile, Order of the Condor of the Andes, Order of the Star of Romania, Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau, Croix de Guerre, Order of the Cross of Grunwald, Czechoslovak War Cross, Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria, Military Order of the White Lion, Nishan-e-Pakistan, Order of Al Rafidain, Order of Carol


Premise: What professorship did Father Josh Carrier hold at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: Father Joseph Carrier, C.S.C. was Director of the Science Museum and the Library and Professor of Chemistry and Physics until 1874.


Premise: What is the backbone of a DNA double helix made of?

Hypothesis: Two chains of DNA twist around each other to form a DNA double helix with the phosphate-sugar backbone spiralling around the outside, and the bases pointing inwards with adenine base pairing to thymine and guanine to cytosine.


Premise: What drug in the running to treat multi drug resistant TB has already gotten FDA approval?

Hypothesis: However, existing data suggest that patients taking bedaquiline in addition to standard TB therapy are five times more likely to die than those without the new drug, which has resulted in medical journal articles raising health policy questions about why the FDA approved the drug and whether financial ties to the company making bedaquiline influenced physicians' support for its use


Premise: Poland and other European countries could not defend against what?

Hypothesis: Poland's AA defences were no match for the German attack and the situation was similar in other European countries.


Premise: What is the frequency of the light to which the human eye is most sensitive?

Hypothesis: Equivalently, the smallness of the Planck constant reflects the fact that everyday objects and systems are made of a large number of particles.


Premise: What are the Mustalian Ismailis commonly known as?

Hypothesis: After that come the Nizari Ismailis commonly known as the Ismailis; and then come the Mustalian Ismailis commonly known as the "Bohras" with further schisms within their Bohri tariqah.


Premise: What language form is parli?

Hypothesis: In verbs, 1st person present indicative desinence is -o, -i or ∅ in all conjugations.


Premise: In what year did Badly Drawn Boy provide a soundtrack for TCM Remembers?

Hypothesis: Every December, a longer, more inclusive "TCM Remembers" interstitial is produced that honors all of the noted film personalities who died during the past year, interspersed with scenes from settings such as an abandoned drive-in (2012) or a theatre which is closing down and is being dismantled (2013).


Premise: What is the name of one of the libraries located in London?

Hypothesis: The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world.


Premise: Where is Rick Mercer from?

Hypothesis: The careers of many well-known Newfoundland artists were launched there including Rick Mercer, Mary Walsh, Cathy Jones, Andy Jones and Greg Thomey.


Premise: Where did Montini continue to study at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo?

Hypothesis: At the age of twenty-five, again at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo, Montini entered the Secretariat of State in 1922, where he worked under Pizzardo together with Francesco Borgongini-Duca, Alfredo Ottaviani, Carlo Grano, Domenico Tardini and Francis Spellman.


Premise: Where are madaris considered less desirable?

Hypothesis: It should also be noted that many medieval universities were run for centuries as Christian cathedral schools or monastic schools prior to their formal establishment as universitas scholarium; evidence of these immediate forerunners of the university dates back to the 6th century AD, thus well preceding the earliest madaris.


Premise: What are the technologies used to capture solar energy characterized as?

Hypothesis: Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the energy.


Premise: Why is Lisbon a popular stopover for many foreign airlines?

Hypothesis: The primary flag-carrier is TAP Portugal, although many other domestic airlines provide services within and without the country.


Premise: What position did Konayev hold in Kazakhstan prior to his removal?

Hypothesis: Demonstrations started in the morning of December 17, 1986, with 200 to 300 students in front of the Central Committee building on Brezhnev Square protesting Konayev's dismissal and replacement by a Russian.


Premise: What was the name of Giovanni da Verrazzano's ship?

Hypothesis: The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown, who sailed his ship La Dauphine into New York Harbor.


Premise: Who was the first Roman Emporor that was baptized?

Hypothesis: Constantine the Great, who along with Licinius had decreed toleration of Christianity in the Roman Empire by what is commonly called the "Edict of Milan", and was the first Roman Emperor baptized, set precedents for later policy.


Premise: What was the most displacement caused by the earthquake?

Hypothesis: Maximum displacement amounted to 9 meters.


Premise: Which venue created a unique environment in which people from many different walks of life could gather and share ideas?

Hypothesis: Such an environment was especially intimidating to monarchs who derived much of their power from the disparity between classes of people.


Premise: What antenna type is a portion of the half wave dipole?

Hypothesis: The monopole antenna is essentially one half of the half-wave dipole, a single 1⁄4-wavelength element with the other side connected to ground or an equivalent ground plane (or counterpoise).


Premise: Who was the fourth Karmapa Lama?

Hypothesis: Rolpe Dorje, 4th Karmapa Lama (1340–1383) rejected the Hongwu Emperor's invitation, although he did send some disciples as envoys to the court in Nanjing.


Premise: How many players can an NFL team have in the regular season?

Hypothesis: Every NFL team plays exactly four pre-season exhibition games a year, two at home and two away, with the exception of two teams each year who play a fifth game, the Pro Football Hall of Fame Game.


Premise: Who depicts the history of science in a wider matrix?

Hypothesis: More recent historical interpretations, such as those of Thomas Kuhn, tend to portray the history of science in different terms, such as that of competing paradigms or conceptual systems in a wider matrix that includes intellectual, cultural, economic and political themes outside of science.


Premise: How much has been invested in Detroit since 2006?

Hypothesis: The number of vacant downtown buildings has dropped from nearly 50 to around 13.[when?]


Premise: What genre of music was influenced by pub rock?

Hypothesis: Pubs may be venues for pub songs and live music.


Premise: How many bearers decided not to participate?

Hypothesis: Bhutia, who is Sikkimese, is the first athlete to refuse to run with the torch.


Premise: Insects growth is constrained by what?

Hypothesis: Insect growth is constrained by the inelastic exoskeleton and development involves a series of molts.


Premise: How much more is the per capita GDP in Namibia compared to the rest of Africa's countries?

Hypothesis: Namibia has one of the highest rates of income inequality in the world, due in part to the fact that there is an urban economy and a more rural cash-less economy.


Premise: What type of construction is best for applications that need to portion space carefully?

Hypothesis: One disadvantage of this system was that special nickel-leaded components had to be used to allow the interconnecting welds to be made.


Premise: What is the name of Everton's official supporters club?

Hypothesis: Within the city of Liverpool support for Everton and city rivals Liverpool is not determined by geographical basis with supporters mixed across the city.


Premise: Which family member came to Paris in June 1849?

Hypothesis: In June 1849 his sister Ludwika came to Paris with her husband and daughter, and in September, supported by a loan from Jane Stirling, he took an apartment at Place Vendôme 12.


Premise: How many Armenians live outside Armenia and the republic within it?

Hypothesis: With the exceptions of Iran and the former Soviet states, the present-day Armenian diaspora was formed mainly as a result of the Armenian Genocide.


Premise: How much money do tourists spend in Miami every year?

Hypothesis: Along with finance and business, the beaches, conventions, festivals and events draw over 38 million visitors annually into the city, from across the country and around the world, spending $17.1 billion.


Premise: When did Hurricane Ike hit the Houston area?

Hypothesis: In September 2008, Houston was hit by Hurricane Ike.


Premise: What type of losses happen during conversion and transmission in wires and electronics?

Hypothesis: Power conversion for a DC system takes place mainly in a railway substation where large, heavy, and more efficient hardware can be used as compared to an AC system where conversion takes place aboard the locomotive where space is limited and losses are significantly higher.


Premise: When did Darwin begin attending university?

Hypothesis: In his second year he neglected his medical studies for natural history and spent four months assisting Robert Grant's research into marine invertebrates.


Premise: When was the earliest church labeled "Baptist" traced to?

Hypothesis: Historians trace the earliest church labeled "Baptist" back to 1609 in Amsterdam, with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor.


Premise: When did Prince Phillip arrive in Saint Helena?

Hypothesis: Prince Philip arrived at St Helena in 1957 and then his son Prince Andrew visited as a member of the armed forces in 1984 and his sister the Princess Royal arrived in 2002.


Premise: Modern browser support standards-based and defacto what?

Hypothesis: Modern web browsers support a combination of standards-based and de facto HTML and XHTML, which should be rendered in the same way by all browsers.


Premise: What can cause your memory to deterioriate or not work as well?

Hypothesis: Stress has a significant effect on memory formation and learning.


Premise: What month sees the lowest likelihood of the James flooding?

Hypothesis: The James River reaches tidewater at Richmond where flooding may occur in every month of the year, most frequently in March and least in July.


Premise: Von Neumann's abstract treatment allowed him to work on what foundational issue?

Hypothesis: Von Neumann's abstract treatment permitted him also to confront the foundational issue of determinism versus non-determinism, and in the book he presented a proof that the statistical results of quantum mechanics could not possibly be averages of an underlying set of determined "hidden variables," as in classical statistical mechanics.


Premise: What types of communities have been reported in Iraq?

Hypothesis: Distinctive and self-identified black communities have been reported in countries such as Iraq, with a reported 1.2 million black people, and they attest to a history of discrimination.


Premise: What is the relationship between the context heresy is used in for Christian, Jewish, or Islamic cultures?

Hypothesis: The term heresy is from Greek αἵρεσις originally meant "choice" or "thing chosen", but it came to mean the "party or school of a man's choice" and also referred to that process whereby a young person would examine various philosophies to determine how to live.


Premise: On what date was Little Boy detonated?

Hypothesis: The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945.


Premise: Who was Apollo's son?

Hypothesis: Such songs were originally addressed to Apollo, and afterwards to other gods: to Dionysus, to Apollo Helios, to Apollo's son Asclepius the healer.


Premise: Beyonce would take a break from music in which year?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé announced a hiatus from her music career in January 2010, heeding her mother's advice, "to live life, to be inspired by things again".


Premise: Nobles held land form whom?

Hypothesis: Nobles who were not direct barons of the Crown but held land from other lords were only peers "de iure".


Premise: Is Israel considered a safe state for egyptians?

Hypothesis: Egypt has played a historical role as a mediator in resolving various disputes in the Middle East, most notably its handling of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the peace process.


Premise: What is the capitol of Armenia?

Hypothesis: Daily demonstrations, which began in the Armenian capital Yerevan on February 18, initially attracted few people, but each day the Nagorno-Karabakh issue became increasingly prominent and numbers swelled.


Premise: Where was Mardi Gras first celebrated?

Hypothesis: Customs originated in the onetime French colonial capitals of Mobile (now in Alabama), New Orleans (Louisiana) and Biloxi (Mississippi), all of which have celebrated for many years with street parades and masked balls.


Premise: What is the second question to ask in order to define the two classes?

Hypothesis: The basic proposition of these two categories pertains to the nature of reality, and the primary distinction between them is the way they answer two fundamental questions: "what does reality consist of?"


Premise: What was the name of the first synthetic bacterial drug?

Hypothesis: The drug was given the commercial name Salvarsan.


Premise: What did the television commercial "1984" introduce?

Hypothesis: The company announced the Macintosh 128K—manufactured at an Apple factory in Fremont, California—in October 1983, followed by an 18-page brochure included with various magazines in December.


Premise: From what town did the marble in the Taj Mahal come?

Hypothesis: Several prominent chemical and engineering companies are located in the city of Kota, in southern Rajasthan.


Premise: What is the name of the Japanese national anthem?

Hypothesis: The lyrics of the modern Japanese national anthem, Kimi ga Yo, were written in the Heian period, as was The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu, one of the first novels ever written.


Premise: The tabs on the user interface were called what?

Hypothesis: The Xbox 360's original graphical user interface was the Xbox 360 Dashboard; a tabbed interface that featured five "Blades" (formerly four blades), and was designed by AKQA and Audiobrain.


Premise: Which crime costs over one trillion U.S. dollars every year, world-wide?

Hypothesis: Worldwide, bribery alone is estimated to involve over 1 trillion US dollars annually.


Premise: What year did UK polytechnics start functioning in a binary education system?

Hypothesis: Since 1970 UK Polytechnics operated under the binary system of education along with universities.


Premise: When did Guinea-Bissau become independent?

Hypothesis: Guinea-Bissau has started to show some economic advances after a pact of stability was signed by the main political parties of the country, leading to an IMF-backed structural reform program.


Premise: What is the Alp-Transit project designed to reduce the time of travel between?

Hypothesis: The building of new railway base tunnels through the Alps is under way to reduce the time of travel between north and south through the AlpTransit project.


Premise: By not going back to Poland Chopin became part of what?

Hypothesis: Chopin's biographer Adam Zamoyski writes that he never considered himself to be French, despite his father's French origins, and always saw himself as a Pole.


Premise: What stations did CBC broadcast in HD in 2005?

Hypothesis: On March 5, 2005, CBC Television launched a high definition simulcast of its Toronto (CBLT-DT) and Montreal (CBMT-DT) stations.


Premise: On which month and day did Saturnalia start?

Hypothesis: These men and women were forced to indulge in food and physical pleasures throughout the week, horribly murdered on December 25th: "destroying the forces of darkness".


Premise: Who populated the areas of Zhejiang in the 2nd millennium BC?

Hypothesis: Instead, this area was populated by peoples collectively known as the Hundred Yue, including the Dongyue and the Ouyue.


Premise: Why is stare decisis a limited form of lawmaking?

Hypothesis: This is where the act of deciding a case becomes a limited form of lawmaking in itself, in that an appellate court's rulings will thereby bind itself and lower courts in future cases (and therefore also impliedly binds all persons within the court's jurisdiction).


Premise: During what century did John Geometres flourish?

Hypothesis: The military was reorganised, which allowed the emperors John I (r. 969–976) and Basil II (r. 976–1025) to expand the frontiers of the empire on all fronts.


Premise: What other plant was used in the discovery of different genes?

Hypothesis: Similarly, "jumping genes" were discovered by Barbara McClintock while she was studying maize.


Premise: Who served as production designer for Spectre?

Hypothesis: In March 2013 Mendes said he would not return to direct the next film in the series, then known as Bond 24; he later recanted and announced that he would return, as he found the script and the plans for the long-term future of the franchise appealing.


Premise: How many patients a year does the trust treat?

Hypothesis: It is an academic health science centre and manages five hospitals: Charing Cross Hospital, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Hammersmith Hospital, St Mary's Hospital, and Western Eye Hospital.


Premise: How many insect species are estimated to exist?

Hypothesis: Though the true dimensions of species diversity remain uncertain, estimates range from 2.6–7.8 million species with a mean of 5.5 million.


Premise: When did the federal war end?

Hypothesis: In this Federation, each State had a "President" of its own that controlled almost every issue, even the creation of "State Armies," while the Federal Army was required to obtain presidential permission to enter any given state.


Premise: Where did Popper establish a university department for the philosophy of science in 1946?

Hypothesis: Popper founded in 1946 the Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method at the London School of Economics and there lectured and influenced both Imre Lakatos and Paul Feyerabend, two of the foremost philosophers of science in the next generation of philosophy of science.


Premise: When did parliamentary politics become irrelevant in Egypt?

Hypothesis: As a result, by the late 1990s parliamentary politics had become virtually irrelevant and alternative avenues for political expression were curtailed as well.


Premise: What writer mentioned The Angel pub in his writings?

Hypothesis: It was mentioned by Charles Dickens, became a Lyons Corner House, and is now a Co-operative Bank.


Premise: Who was elected president of the GNC?

Hypothesis: The GNC proceeded to elect Mohammed Magariaf as president of the chamber, and then voted Mustafa A.G. Abushagur as Prime Minister; when Abushagar failed to gain congressional approval, the GNC instead elected Ali Zeidan to the position.


Premise: Which congregation is in charge of the Old College at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: Because of its Catholic identity, a number of religious buildings stand on campus.


Premise: What doctrine rejects the idea of permanent self?

Hypothesis: The doctrine of anattā (Sanskrit anātman) rejects the concepts of a permanent self or an unchanging, eternal soul, as it is called in Hinduism and Christianity.


Premise: In what borough is the garment business prominent?

Hypothesis: Food processing is a US$5 billion industry that employs more than 19,000 residents.


Premise: Which book did Darwin begin reading in 1838?

Hypothesis: Darwin related this to the struggle for existence among wildlife and botanist de Candolle's "warring of the species" in plants; he immediately envisioned "a force like a hundred thousand wedges" pushing well-adapted variations into "gaps in the economy of nature", so that the survivors would pass on their form and abilities, and unfavourable variations would be destroyed.


Premise: During what season did Juan Rodriguez first come to New York?

Hypothesis: Born in Santo Domingo of Portuguese and African descent, he arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613–1614, trapping for pelts and trading with the local population as a representative of the Dutch.


Premise: Where is the Tibet Autonomous Region?

Hypothesis: The region maintained its autonomy until 1951 when, following the Battle of Chamdo, Tibet became incorporated into the People's Republic of China, and the previous Tibetan government was abolished in 1959 after a failed uprising.


Premise: What was the name of the Plymouth-area settlement recorded in the Domesday Book?

Hypothesis: From Saxon times, it was in the hundred of Roborough.


Premise: How long is Greek's rail network estimated to run?

Hypothesis: Greece's rail network is estimated to be at 2,548 km.


Premise: What do hunter-gathers intentionally manipulate?

Hypothesis: Today, almost all hunter-gatherers depend to some extent upon domesticated food sources either produced part-time or traded for products acquired in the wild.


Premise: Who was elected as chief minister of the state of India?

Hypothesis: In 2003, the state legislative assembly was won by the Indian National Congress and Virbhadra Singh was elected as the chief minister of the state.


Premise: Which U.S. Billboard 200 chart topper did Kanye West produce a song for?

Hypothesis: Her second effort subsequently became the very first hip-hop album by a female rapper to debut at the top of the U.S. Billboard 200 chart in its first week of release.


Premise: In what year did the British give the Haud to Ethiopia?

Hypothesis: These were advantages that British Somaliland, which was to be incorporated into the new Somali state, did not have.


Premise: If load increases, what happens to current drawn?

Hypothesis: This increased current provides the additional torque to balance the new load.


Premise: By what year was rice a successful commodity crop for the Lowcountry?

Hypothesis: African slaves brought knowledge of rice cultivation, which plantation owners cultivated and developed as a successful commodity crop by 1700.


Premise: Who confirmed the dpon-chen?

Hypothesis: If the Sakya lama ever came into conflict with the dpon-chen, the dpon-chen had the authority to send Chinese troops into the region.


Premise: How many residential buildings did not meet construction standards?

Hypothesis: While stringent construction regulations are currently in place and recently built structures are earthquake-safe, as of 2007[update] the majority of the buildings in Israel were older than these regulations and many public buildings as well as 50,000 residential buildings did not meet the new standards and were "expected to collapse" if exposed to a strong quake.


Premise: When was the first overseas deployment of the Canadian Military?

Hypothesis: The first overseas deployment of Canadian military forces occurred during the Second Boer War, when several units were raised to serve under British command.


Premise: How many Tibetan prisoners did Mu Ying capture?

Hypothesis: Langlois notes that by October 1379, Mu Ying had allegedly captured 30,000 Tibetan prisoners and 200,000 domesticated animals.


Premise: Which actor portrays Bill Tanner?

Hypothesis: Rory Kinnear also reprised his role as Bill Tanner in his third appearance in the series.


Premise: How many phases of matter are there?

Hypothesis: For much of the history of the natural sciences people have contemplated the exact nature of matter.


Premise: What did Hermann use the term angiosperm a primary division of in the plant kingdom?

Hypothesis: Its use with any approach to its modern scope became possible only after 1827, when Robert Brown established the existence of truly naked ovules in the Cycadeae and Coniferae, and applied to them the name Gymnosperms.[citation needed]


Premise: What label did NBC sell in 1986?

Hypothesis: By 1987, CBS was the only "big three" American TV network to have a co-owned record company.


Premise: When did Boston withdraw its bid for hosting the Olympic games?

Hypothesis: It has been suggested that Boston is the new "TitleTown, USA", as the city's professional sports teams have won nine championships since 2001:


Premise: What percentage of Estonians were ethnic in 2006?

Hypothesis: In the decade following the reconstitution of independence, large-scale emigration by ethnic Russians and the removal of the Russian military bases in 1994 caused the proportion of ethnic Estonians in Estonia to increase from 61% to 69% in 2006.


Premise: What are pre-schools also known as?

Hypothesis: Preschools provide education from ages approximately three to seven, depending on the country, when children enter primary education.


Premise: Who created El Colegio Nacional?

Hypothesis: The select and privileged group of Mexican scientists and artists belonging to this institution—membership is for life—include, among many, Mario Lavista, Ruy Pérez Tamayo, José Emilio Pacheco, Marcos Moshinsky (d.2009), Guillermo Soberón Acevedo.


Premise: What is available to the people in Northern Ireland so they have access to the media?

Hypothesis: Certain reality TV shows have embraced the whole of the islands, for example The X Factor, seasons 3, 4 and 7 of which featured auditions in Dublin and were open to Irish voters, whilst the show previously known as Britain's Next Top Model became Britain and Ireland's Next Top Model in 2011.


Premise: Where was the Roman abacus first used?

Hypothesis: The abacus was initially used for arithmetic tasks.


Premise: What is are the main themes of present-day botany?

Hypothesis: Modern botany is a broad, multidisciplinary subject with inputs from most other areas of science and technology.


Premise: What did Gaddafi tell the people that the revolution represented?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi insisted that the Free Officers' coup represented a revolution, marking the start of widespread change in the socio-economic and political nature of Libya.


Premise: Members of which committee attended the conference?

Hypothesis: The conference was attended by General secretary Hu Jintao, Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Changchun, Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, He Guoqiang and Zhou Yongkang, all members of CPC Politburo Standing Committee signaling the commitment of senior Chinese leaders to development of Tibet and ethnic Tibetan areas.


Premise: In addition to the Census, where else is the "some other race" selection an option?

Hypothesis: As the 2010 census form did not contain the question titled "Ancestry" found in prior censuses, there were campaigns to get non-Hispanic West Indian Americans, Turkish Americans, Armenian Americans, Arab Americans and Iranian Americans to indicate their ethnic or national background through the race question, specifically the "Some other race" category.


Premise: What is the capital of the state of Washington?

Hypothesis: Sixty miles to the south of Seattle, the state capital Olympia, which is out of the Olympic Mountains' rain shadow, receives an annual average precipitation of 50 in (1,270 mm).


Premise: How many sister cities does Philadelphia have?

Hypothesis: Philadelphia has dedicated landmarks to its sister cities.


Premise: Who rejected the idea of sending the princesses away?

Hypothesis: The suggestion by senior politician Lord Hailsham that the two princesses should be evacuated to Canada was rejected by Elizabeth's mother, who declared, "The children won't go without me.


Premise: How many professional degree college students were in Oklahoma in 2007?

Hypothesis: Of these students, 18,892 received a bachelor's degree, 5,386 received a master's degree, and 462 received a first professional degree.


Premise: Which event did the Boat Club claim victory in for 2013?

Hypothesis: The club has been home to numerous National Squad oarsmen and women and is open to all rowers not just students of Imperial College London.


Premise: How many Muslims fled the Balkans with the Ottoman armies?

Hypothesis: As the Ottoman Empire gradually shrank in size, some 7–9 million Turkish-Muslims from its former territories in the Caucasus, Crimea, Balkans, and the Mediterranean islands migrated to Anatolia and Eastern Thrace.


Premise: What is one of the ways that the Air Force uses Planning and Directing in its operations?

Hypothesis: These activities enable the synchronization and integration of collection, processing, exploitation, analysis, and dissemination activities/resources to meet information requirements of national and military decision makers.


Premise: Elimination of what helped the efficiency of diesel traction to go up?

Hypothesis: The conversion of wheel bearings from plain to roller, increase of train weight, converting single track lines to double track (or partially double track), and the elimination of obsolete 2-axle freight cars increased the energy-efficiency of all types of traction: electric, diesel, and steam.


Premise: What was given in exchange of signing the document?

Hypothesis: " To limit protests, officials pushed parents to sign a document, which forbade them from holding protests, in exchange of money, but some who refused to sign were threatened.


Premise: Hayek dedicated many of his papers to Popper based on a dedication Popper made to him in which of his work?

Hypothesis: Popper dedicated his Conjectures and Refutations to Hayek.


Premise: What language did Chopin's father teach?

Hypothesis: In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace.


Premise: Part of the secret agreement between the Germans and the Soviets included a neutral diplomatic approach when?

Hypothesis: This happened while the Soviets were still negotiating with the British and French missions in Moscow.


Premise: What was the result of the German attacks?

Hypothesis: Much damage was done.


Premise: What category of race do Italian Americans normally fall under?

Hypothesis: In 1976, a group of Italian American professors at City University of New York asked to be added as an affirmative action category for promotion and hiring.


Premise: Which government was overthrown during the October Revolution?

Hypothesis: Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized by neighboring countries for five months.


Premise: What were the two proto-political parties?

Hypothesis: the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party, which were championed by Framers Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, respectively.


Premise: How did Rome respond to their successive losses against the Macedonians?

Hypothesis: However, Rome responded by sending a stronger army.


Premise: What was Elizabeth's nickname when she was young?

Hypothesis: Called "Lilibet" by her close family, based on what she called herself at first, she was cherished by her grandfather George V, and during his serious illness in 1929 her regular visits were credited in the popular press and by later biographers with raising his spirits and aiding his recovery.


Premise: What country's ships did some witnesses say were involved in the Baarawe attack?

Hypothesis: On 14 September 2009, U.S. Special Forces killed two men and wounded and captured two others near the Somali village of Baarawe.


Premise: What pronunciation did the older Dutch ol/ul/al + dental evolve into?

Hypothesis: The tendency for native English speakers is to pronounce Dutch names with /ɛi/ (written as ij or ei) as /aɪ/


Premise: What are the two languages of the Babylonian Talmud?

Hypothesis: Others, such as in the Jewish communities of Babylonia, were speaking Hebrew and Aramaic, the languages of the Babylonian Talmud.


Premise: What was the name of the counter where pubs traditionally sold alcohol to drink at home?

Hypothesis: In the 1970s the newly built supermarkets and high street chain stores or off-licences undercut the pub prices to such a degree that within ten years all but a handful of pubs had closed their off-sale counters, which had often been referred to colloquially as the jug and bottle.


Premise: The treaty of Paris return how many esablishment captured by the British?

Hypothesis: By the Treaty of Paris (1763), France regained the five establishments captured by the British during the war (Pondichéry, Mahe, Karikal, Yanam and Chandernagar) but was prevented from erecting fortifications and keeping troops in Bengal (art.


Premise: How many firestations are there?

Hypothesis: The OKCFD currently operates out of 37 fire stations, located throughout the city in six battalions.


Premise: From what nation did Nasser support the independence of Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco?

Hypothesis: Nasser mediated discussions between the pro-Western, pro-Soviet, and neutralist conference factions over the composition of the "Final Communique" addressing colonialism in Africa and Asia and the fostering of global peace amid the Cold War between the West and the Soviet Union.


Premise: What were Religious officials perceived as in the Pre-Modern era?

Hypothesis: In the Pre-Modern era, many people's sense of self and purpose was often expressed via a faith in some form of deity, be that in a single God or in many gods.


Premise: Can real stacking be accomplished?

Hypothesis: A mark handled this way will appear over whatever character precedes it, but will not adjust its position relative to the width or height of the base glyph; it may be visually awkward and it may overlap some glyphs.


Premise: What did many anthropologists serve in?

Hypothesis: At the same time, David H. Price's work on American anthropology during the Cold War provides detailed accounts of the pursuit and dismissal of several anthropologists from their jobs for communist sympathies.


Premise: Who was the Malbork Castle built for?

Hypothesis: The Malbork Castle built for the master of the Teutonic order is an example of Brick Gothic architecture.


Premise: What century in France's history included the French École polytechnique that influenced education systems in other countries?

Hypothesis: Higher education systems, that are influenced by the French education system set at the end of the 18th century, use a terminology derived by reference to the French École polytechnique.


Premise: Starting in what year was the Communist Party outlawed in Yugoslavia?

Hypothesis: Broz himself explains:


Premise: In which direction do systemic pesticide generally travel through a plant?

Hypothesis: With insecticides and most fungicides, this movement is usually upward (through the xylem) and outward.


Premise: Who dismissed von Neuamann's primary target city?

Hypothesis: The cultural capital Kyoto, which had been spared the bombing inflicted upon militarily significant cities, was von Neumann's first choice, a selection seconded by Manhattan Project leader General Leslie Groves.


Premise: Which flag replaced the Soviet flag at the Kremlin?

Hypothesis: 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.


Premise: What number can you dial from any phone for public transportation information in San Diego?

Hypothesis: San Diego transit information about public transportation and commuting is available on the Web and by dialing "511" from any phone in the area.


Premise: What was the name of the largest battle fought in North Carolina?

Hypothesis: North Carolina's port city of Wilmington was the last Confederate port to fall to the Union, in February 1865, after the Union won the nearby Second Battle of Fort Fisher, its major defense downriver.


Premise: What song did Beyoncé perform at the first inaugural dance for the Obamas.

Hypothesis: She also performed the American national anthem at his second inauguration, singing along with a pre-recorded track.


Premise: In what year was the film version of Mary, Queen of Scots made?

Hypothesis: The film was only a moderate success.


Premise: What is carefully defined in the standard?

Hypothesis: Decoding, on the other hand, is carefully defined in the standard.


Premise: Who are some other distinguished process theologians?

Hypothesis: Other notable process theologians include John B. Cobb, Jr., David Ray Griffin, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, C. Robert Mesle, Roland Faber, and Catherine Keller.


Premise: Who thought Process and Reality was little-read because the reader has to separate them from normal thought?

Hypothesis: Though Process and Reality has been called "arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century," it has been little-read and little-understood, partly because it demands – as Isabelle Stengers puts it – "that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus."


Premise: What organization has funded a waste management control plan on Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: The rising population has resulted in an increased demand on fish stocks, which are under stress; although the creation of the Funafuti Conservation Area has provided a fishing exclusion area to help sustain the fish population across the Funafuti lagoon.


Premise: What safety mechanisms are still required, despite lower design costs?

Hypothesis: A residential elevator is often permitted to be of lower cost and complexity than full commercial elevators.


Premise: What keys was Monroe popular for?

Hypothesis: Monroe's most influential follower of the second generation is Frank Wakefield and nowadays Mike Compton of the Nashville Bluegrass Band and David Long, who often tour as a duet.


Premise: Other than Downtown and Midtown, what area boasts a fast growing restaurant scene?

Hypothesis: Like downtown and Corktown, Midtown also has a fast-growing retailing and restaurant scene.


Premise: At the time of the novel's setting, what punishment was often received by black males for percieved sexual contact with a white woman?

Hypothesis: Roslyn Siegel includes Tom Robinson as an example of the recurring motif among white Southern writers of the black man as "stupid, pathetic, defenseless, and dependent upon the fair dealing of the whites, rather than his own intelligence to save him".


Premise: What tradition was fostered by Eisenhower's reaction to McCarthy's subpoena threats?

Hypothesis: " This was an unprecedented step by Eisenhower to protect communication beyond the confines of a cabinet meeting, and soon became a tradition known as executive privilege.


Premise: What special cells in the eyes communicate directly to the SCN cells?

Hypothesis: The SCN receives information about illumination through the eyes.


Premise: What river does the Kings road cross

Hypothesis: The British soon constructed the King's Road connecting St. Augustine to Georgia.


Premise: When did Armenia establish a law on privatisation?

Hypothesis: A liberal foreign investment law was approved in June 1994, and a law on privatisation was adopted in 1997, as well as a program of state property privatisation.


Premise: What was the name of the deal in which Arizona was bought?

Hypothesis: Tucson became a part of the United States of America, although the American military did not formally take over control until March 1856.