Premise: What was the name of the large air raid that took place in daylight hours in Britain?

Hypothesis: Although there were a few large air battles fought in daylight later in the month and into October, the Luftwaffe switched its main effort to night attacks in order to reduce losses.


Premise: How many lodges existed in Iraq in the 1950s?

Hypothesis: Nine lodges under UGLE existed by the 1950s, and a Scottish lodge was formed in 1923.


Premise: How many soldiers were there in the entire U.S. Army at the end of 2016?

Hypothesis: As a branch of the armed forces, the mission of the U.S. Army is "to fight and win our Nation's wars, by providing prompt, sustained, land dominance, across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict, in support of combatant commanders."


Premise: The second controller possessed the START and SELECT buttons as what other device?

Hypothesis: Also in contrast to the Famicom, the controllers included with the NES were identical to each other—the second controller lacked the microphone that was present on the Famicom model and possessed the same START and SELECT buttons as the primary controller.


Premise: Who did Lotte partner with?

Hypothesis: Centro still operates for middle market while the 'Parkson' brand itself, positioned for middle-up segment, enters in 2014 by opening its first store in Medan, followed by its second store in Jakarta.


Premise: What is a common etymology sometimes misleading as?

Hypothesis: Generally, the greater the contact and exchange that have existed between two languages, or between those languages and a third one, the greater is the ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase that may be used in translating among them.


Premise: How many prisoners did the French leave behind?

Hypothesis: The German cavalry then failed to pursue the French and lost touch with them.


Premise: Who shattered the fragments of a grand Mithraeum?

Hypothesis: the fragments of a grand Mithraeum that had been shattered by early Christians in the fourth century.


Premise: How many people between the ages of 30 and 34 live in Southampton?

Hypothesis: Next largest is the 25–29 range with 24,700 people and then 30–34 years with 17,800.


Premise: In what areas of the world has interest in Whitehead's work spread in recent decades?

Hypothesis: However, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that Whitehead's thought drew much attention outside of a small group of philosophers and theologians, primarily Americans, and even today he is not considered especially influential outside of relatively specialized circles.


Premise: Was a law enacted in 1991 allowing corporations to sell land holdings or was it repealed?

Hypothesis: Effectively, the corporations hold title (including subsurface title in many cases, a privilege denied to individual Alaskans) but cannot sell the land.


Premise: What hardwood that starts with the letter "O" would have pores?

Hypothesis: There are no vessels ("pores") in coniferous wood such as one sees so prominently in oak and ash, for example.


Premise: When was the German empire created?

Hypothesis: Integrating the Austrians nevertheless remained a strong desire for many people of Germany and Austria, especially among the liberals, the social democrats and also the Catholics who were a minority within the Protestant Germany.


Premise: How did Japan view Western embargos?

Hypothesis: In an effort to discourage Japanese militarism, Western powers including Australia, the United States, Britain, and the Dutch government in exile, which controlled the petroleum-rich Dutch East Indies, stopped selling oil, iron ore, and steel to Japan, denying it the raw materials needed to continue its activities in China and French Indochina.


Premise: What does this theory entail?

Hypothesis: As a result of this immune effect, alterations in later-born males' prenatal development have been thought to occur.


Premise: What type of mascot do the Notre Dame sport teams have?

Hypothesis: The official colors of Notre Dame are Navy Blue and Gold Rush which are worn in competition by its athletic teams.


Premise: What was 'Always' about?

Hypothesis: Spielberg's first romantic film, Always was only a moderate success and had mixed reviews.


Premise: What do people outside of North America call the sawn boards used for building?

Hypothesis: Elsewhere, lumber usually refers to felled trees, and the word for sawn planks ready for use is timber.


Premise: Who is one of the notable Greek opera singers in the 20th century?

Hypothesis: Notable Greek opera singers and classical musicians of the 20th and 21st century include Maria Callas, Nana Mouskouri, Mario Frangoulis, Leonidas Kavakos, Dimitris Sgouros and others.


Premise: How many points does the Star of Unity have?

Hypothesis: It was created in 1954 by the Somali scholar Mohammed Awale Liban, after he had been selected by the labour trade union of the Trust Territory of Somalia to come up with a design.


Premise: What happened to construction during the Depression?

Hypothesis: The depression had devastating effects in virtually every country, rich or poor.


Premise: What is the local television channel for Southampton called?

Hypothesis: That's Solent is an local television channel that began broadcasting in November 2014, which will be based in and serve Southampton and Portsmouth.


Premise: What led to the Bronx's population growth?

Hypothesis: The Bronx underwent rapid urban growth after World War I. Extensions of the New York City Subway contributed to the increase in population as thousands of immigrants came to the Bronx, resulting in a major boom in residential construction.


Premise: When did Hume die?

Hypothesis: On this view, we must say that it is only probable that all men must die or that the sun will rise to-morrow, because neither of these can be demonstrated.


Premise: How many times have the Yankees won the World Series?

Hypothesis: The Bronx is the home of the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball.


Premise: Which body regulated communications?

Hypothesis: The primary governmental regulating bodies of telecommunications are the Ministère des Postes and Télécommunications et des Nouvelles Technologies.


Premise: What would be the reduction in deisease incedence if there was better water and sanitation?

Hypothesis: In fact, it has been proposed that we might expect an 88% reduction in child mortality resulting from diarrheal disease as a result of improved water sanitation and hygiene.


Premise: What can visitors do at the Taste of Santa Monica?

Hypothesis: Visitors can sample food and drinks from Santa Monica restaurants.


Premise: Do children or adolescents define themselves based on values, thoughts, and opinions?

Hypothesis: Early in adolescence, cognitive developments result in greater self-awareness, greater awareness of others and their thoughts and judgments, the ability to think about abstract, future possibilities, and the ability to consider multiple possibilities at once.


Premise: An encoder that is proficient at encoding at higher bit rates might be worse at what?

Hypothesis: An encoder that is proficient at encoding at higher bit rates (such as LAME) is not necessarily as good at lower bit rates.


Premise: What 1982 publication listed regular family dogs under wolves?

Hypothesis: On the next page he recorded the wolf as Canis lupus, which means "Dog-wolf".


Premise: From what did the Renaissance Movement mark the change?

Hypothesis: Nineteenth century Bengal was a unique blend of religious and social reformers, scholars, literary giants, journalists, patriotic orators, and scientists, all merging to form the image of a renaissance, and marked the transition from the 'medieval' to the 'modern'.


Premise: Storyboards are used a lot by what?

Hypothesis: These storyboards are not intended as an end product and are rarely seen by the public.


Premise: In a literal sense what was the Ottoman empire referred to as?

Hypothesis: The word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty).


Premise: What protects the western piedmont from tornadoes?

Hypothesis: The western Piedmont is often protected by the mountains, which tend to break up storms as they try to cross over; the storms will often re-form farther east.


Premise: What does Armenian cuisine place an emphasis on?

Hypothesis: The main characteristics of Armenian cuisine are a reliance on the quality of the ingredients rather than heavily spicing food, the use of herbs, the use of wheat in a variety of forms, of legumes, nuts, and fruit (as a main ingredient as well as to sour food), and the stuffing of a wide variety of leaves.


Premise: What year did Gadstone return to power?

Hypothesis: Gladstone returned to power after the 1892 general election; he was 82 years old.


Premise: What percentage of Smartphone users use the youtube app?

Hypothesis: In September 2012, YouTube launched its first app for the iPhone, following the decision to drop YouTube as one of the preloaded apps in the iPhone 5 and iOS 6 operating system.


Premise: ICRISTAT had success in teaching women how to make what product of nutritional value?

Hypothesis: The aim was to boost nutrition and livelihoods by producing a product that women could make and sell, and which would be accepted by the local community because of its local heritage.


Premise: How much affiliation do these small groups have with historical denominations?

Hypothesis: There are many other Protestant denominations that do not fit neatly into the mentioned branches, and are far smaller in membership.


Premise: What is the Armenian term for settlment?

Hypothesis: The capital, Yerevan, also has the status of a community.


Premise: Who led the Israelites back into Canaan during the "Exodus?"

Hypothesis: The name "Israel" (Standard Yisraʾel, Isrāʾīl; Septuagint Greek: Ἰσραήλ Israēl; 'El(God) persists/rules' though, after Hosea 12:4 often interpreted as "struggle with God") in these phrases refers to the patriarch Jacob who, according to the Hebrew Bible, was given the name after he successfully wrestled with the angel of the Lord.


Premise: what was the real name of Mr. Fingers?

Hypothesis: These synthesizers were used to create a house subgenre called acid house.


Premise: What is the name of the solar energy research facility in Japan?

Hypothesis: Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan.


Premise: When did much of the spread of Protestantism occur in the 20th century?

Hypothesis: Much of the growth has occurred after World War II, when decolonization of Africa and abolition of various restrictions against Protestants in Latin American countries occurred.


Premise: What language is parle or tem ?

Hypothesis: E.g. parle, tem, sent (Valencian); parlo, temo, sento (Northwestern).


Premise: Where was the first bridge built across the River Itchen?

Hypothesis: Downstream of the Cobden Bridge is the Northam Railway Bridge, then the Northam Road Bridge, which was the first major pre-stressed concrete bridge to be constructed in the United Kingdom.


Premise: Warner Bros. pictures before what year are part of the Turner Entertainment library?

Hypothesis: Historically, the channel's programming consisted mainly of featured classic theatrically released feature films from the Turner Entertainment film library – which comprises films from Warner Bros. Pictures (covering films released before 1950) and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (covering films released before May 1986).


Premise: What type of visual character is achieved by using the pointed arch?

Hypothesis: The other structural advantage is that the pointed arch channels the weight onto the bearing piers or columns at a steep angle.


Premise: As a result of what war were many new temples built by victorious generals?

Hypothesis: As a result of the Punic Wars (264–146 BC), when Rome struggled to establish itself as a dominant power, many new temples were built by magistrates in fulfillment of a vow to a deity for assuring their military success.


Premise: When did the Deutsche Bank publish a report on the findings of the value of the reserves south of Crete?

Hypothesis: The Ministry of the Environment, Energy and Climate Change announced that there was interest from various countries (including Norway and the United States) in exploration, and the first results regarding the amount of oil and gas in these locations were expected in the summer of 2012.


Premise: The churches of which desert decorated their monasteries with mosaics?

Hypothesis: The monastic communities of the Judean Desert also decorated their monasteries with mosaic floors.


Premise: Where is the Tres Cruces Bus Terminal located?

Hypothesis: This terminal, along with the Baltazar Brum Bus Terminal (or Rio Branco Terminal) by the Port of Montevideo, handles the long distance and intercity bus routes connecting to destinations within Uruguay.


Premise: Who was Jacob's son?

Hypothesis: Jacob and his family migrated to Ancient Egypt after being invited to live with Jacob's son Joseph by the Pharaoh himself.


Premise: Who was the Duke of Bavaria in 1516?

Hypothesis: Beer produced before the Industrial Revolution continued to be made and sold on a domestic scale, although by the 7th century AD, beer was also being produced and sold by European monasteries.


Premise: Who did Popper say was the only thinker who might have had a greater influence on him than Hayek?

Hypothesis: In a letter to Hayek in 1944, Popper stated, "I think I have learnt more from you than from any other living thinker, except perhaps Alfred Tarski."


Premise: What is the minimum amount of external connection terminals to call an item a transistor?

Hypothesis: It is composed of semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit.


Premise: How large is South Tucson?

Hypothesis: South Tucson has a colorful, dynamic history.


Premise: In their study what was the relationship that both groups shared?

Hypothesis: A separate study by cognitive psychologists Schwabe and Wolf shows that when retention testing is done in a context similar to or congruent with the original learning task (i.e., in the same room), memory impairment and the detrimental effects of stress on learning can be attenuated.


Premise: What currency does Portugal use?

Hypothesis: Portugal's central bank is the Banco de Portugal, an integral part of the European System of Central Banks.


Premise: How much in loans has Armenia received since 1993?

Hypothesis: Being a growing democratic state, Armenia also hopes to get more financial aid from the Western World.


Premise: How many brigades did the Secretary of Defense increase the number to?

Hypothesis: During the 1960s the Department of Defense continued to scrutinize the reserve forces and to question the number of divisions and brigades as well as the redundancy of maintaining two reserve components, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve.


Premise: The invasion of Portugal was the beginning of what six-year conflict?

Hypothesis: The shocking French defeat at the Battle of Bailén in July gave hope to Napoleon's enemies and partly persuaded the French emperor to intervene in person.


Premise: Who was George VI's brother?

Hypothesis: George VI wrote to his brother Edward that in the aftermath of the abdication he had reluctantly assumed "a rocking throne", and tried "to make it steady again".


Premise: What have studies shown regarding climate change?

Hypothesis: Studies have shown a variety of effects including timing changes in migration, breeding as well as population variations.


Premise: Afraid that Tony would be taken from her, what does she do?

Hypothesis: Madonna later told Vanity Fair that she saw herself in her youth as a "lonely girl who was searching for something.


Premise: What publication announced the Platinum Equity business deal?

Hypothesis: Shortly thereafter, an article in Sports Business Journal announced that the AFL had a tentative agreement to sell a $100 million stake in the league to Platinum Equity; in exchange, Platinum Equity would create a centralized, single-entity business model that would streamline league and team operations and allow the league to be more profitable.


Premise: What technology is used by night-vision devices?

Hypothesis: Infrared astronomy uses sensor-equipped telescopes to penetrate dusty regions of space, such as molecular clouds; detect objects such as planets, and to view highly red-shifted objects from the early days of the universe.


Premise: Where was Philip stationed during WWII?

Hypothesis: At various times between 1949 and 1951, the Duke of Edinburgh was stationed in the British Crown Colony of Malta as a serving Royal Navy officer.


Premise: Candidates are normally introduced to the lodge by whom?

Hypothesis: The process varies between jurisdictions, but the candidate will typically have been introduced by a friend at a Lodge social function, or at some form of open evening in the Lodge.


Premise: What was Keith Urbans position on American Idol in its fourteenth season?

Hypothesis: Ryan Seacrest returned to host, while Jennifer Lopez, Keith Urban and Harry Connick, Jr. returned for their respective fourth, third and second seasons as judges.


Premise: Who originated the saying 'esse est percipi'?

Hypothesis: He examines each of the three terms in the Berkeleian aphorism esse est percipi, "to be is to be perceived", finding that it must mean that the object and the subject are necessarily connected so that "yellow" and "the sensation of yellow" are identical - "to be yellow" is "to be experienced as yellow".


Premise: Where did Rome receive half of their army from?

Hypothesis: Polybius states that Rome could draw on 770,000 men at the beginning of the Second Punic War, of which 700,000 were infantry and 70,000 met the requirements for cavalry.


Premise: When were the worms found?

Hypothesis: One of the most spectacular examples of obligate mutualism is between the siboglinid tube worms and symbiotic bacteria that live at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps.


Premise: Which script was only used to copy the Quran by people in northern India?

Hypothesis: Toward the end of the ninth century, new scripts began to appear in copies of the Quran and replace earlier scripts.


Premise: Who starred in Johann Mouse?

Hypothesis: Several works from the Golden Age of Animation matched the action to classical music.


Premise: What supports a scenario of dual origin for Paleo-Indians?

Hypothesis: Taking into account that C4c is deeply rooted in the Asian portion of the mtDNA phylogeny and is indubitably of Asian origin, the finding that C4c and X2a are characterized by parallel genetic histories definitively dismisses the controversial hypothesis of an Atlantic glacial entry route into North America."


Premise: What types of velocities and positions is the stepper motor capable of?

Hypothesis: Stepper motors are a type of motor frequently used when precise rotations are required.


Premise: As an inhaler, what was epinephrine used to treat?

Hypothesis: By 1929 epinephrine had been formulated into an inhaler for use in the treatment of nasal congestion.


Premise: What was the greatest American defeat of the American Revolution?

Hypothesis: After the British left, the city's name was officially changed to Charleston in 1783.


Premise: Which Primate can be found in the national park?

Hypothesis: The country is noted for its population of forest elephants and western lowland gorillas.


Premise: What do psychologists use to visually map emotional experiences?

Hypothesis: Through the use of multidimensional scaling, psychologists can map out similar emotional experiences, which allows a visual depiction of the "emotional distance" between experiences.


Premise: What procedure was being performed while he gave his reasoning ?

Hypothesis: Beginning with St. Gregory Nazianzen, his explanation of the "purification" of Jesus and Mary at the circumcision (Luke 2:22) prompted him to consider the primary meaning of "purification" in Christology (and by extension in Mariology) to refer to a perfectly sinless nature that manifested itself in glory in a moment of grace (e.g., Jesus at his Baptism).


Premise: What did the Royal Manchester College of Music merge with?

Hypothesis: It merged with the Northern College of Music (formed in 1920) to form the Royal Northern College of Music in 1972.


Premise: Which Swiss professional wrestler is currently signed with WWE?

Hypothesis: Many Swiss also follow ice hockey and support one of the 12 clubs in the League A, which is the most attended league in Europe.


Premise: What hunters require a hunting license in all states?

Hypothesis: Hunters of protected species require a hunting license in all states, for which completion of a hunting safety course is sometimes a prerequisite.


Premise: What percentage of fans had a negative reaction to Everton FC's crest redesign in 2013?

Hypothesis: The redesign was poorly received by supporters, with a poll on an Everton fan site registering a 91% negative response to the crest.


Premise: What is the focus of the Congo's industrial production?

Hypothesis: The economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on petroleum, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing.


Premise: Where can lgbt people who are not white find themselves in the united states?

Hypothesis: There are a number of culturally specific support networks for LGBT individuals active in the United States.


Premise: What was the main requirement for electric feeder stations?

Hypothesis: To prevent the risk of out-of-phase supplies mixing, sections of line fed from different feeder stations must be kept strictly isolated.


Premise: What is the name of the largest mountain in Guam?

Hypothesis: It is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands, and the largest island in Micronesia.


Premise: What department stores merged to form Macy's?

Hypothesis: Boston-based department stores Jordan Marsh and Filene's have both been merged into the Cincinnati–based Macy's.


Premise: Under the guidance of Generals Van Fleet and Ridgway, joint forces were able to achieve what goal?

Hypothesis: The mission was to get behind Chinese forces and block their movement north.


Premise: What do the novels The Mystery of a Hansom Cab, Monkey Grip, and The Slap have in common?

Hypothesis: Significant novels set in Melbourne include Fergus Hume's The Mystery of a Hansom Cab, Helen Garner's Monkey Grip and Christos Tsiolkas' The Slap.


Premise: On what date did the former British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland unite?

Hypothesis: On 1 July 1960, the two territories united to form the Somali Republic, albeit within boundaries drawn up by Italy and Britain.


Premise: Many people still wear clothes that are what shape?

Hypothesis: Many people wore, and still wear, garments consisting of rectangles of cloth wrapped to fit – for example, the dhoti for men and the sari for women in the Indian subcontinent, the Scottish kilt or the Javanese sarong.


Premise: When did The White Album come out?

Hypothesis: The Beatles began producing songs in the new hard rock style beginning with the White Album in 1968 and, with the track "Helter Skelter", attempted to create a greater level of noise than the Who.


Premise: Who was tasked with the job to make improvements to the AA as a result of the German attacks?

Hypothesis: By December 1916 there were 183 AA Sections defending Britain (most with the 3-inch), 74 with the BEF in France and 10 in the Middle East.


Premise: What group controlled the Mafia in New York in the 20th century?

Hypothesis: The Mafia presence has declined in the city in the 21st century.


Premise: How much did Gaddafi pay for his Airbus A340?

Hypothesis: In the 1980s, his lifestyle was considered modest in comparison to those of many other Arab leaders.


Premise: During what eras was the Antarctic Peninsula formed?

Hypothesis: The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras.


Premise: Which of the Five-Factor Model dimensions does not demonstrate an association with drinking motives?

Hypothesis: Drinking habits and the motives behind them often reflect certain aspects of an individual's personality; in fact, four dimensions of the Five-Factor Model of personality demonstrate associations with drinking motives (all but 'Openness').


Premise: When were Slavic languages recognized as Indo-European?

Hypothesis: As early as 1833, Slavic languages were recognized as Indo-European.


Premise: What percent of bannermen did the Han represent?

Hypothesis: So many Han defected to the Qing and swelled the ranks of the Eight Banners that ethnic Manchus became a minority, making up only 16% in 1648, with Han Bannermen dominating at 75% and Mongol Bannermen making up the rest.


Premise: From what airport did the chartered flight leave?

Hypothesis: A rescue team from the Red Cross in Taiwan was also scheduled to depart Taipei on a Mandarin Airlines direct chartered flight to Chengdu at 15:00 CST on May 16.


Premise: What countries found their economic growth in early 20th century?

Hypothesis: Some, such as the United Kingdom and Prussia (as the founder of the newly formed German state), experienced continued economic growth and political power.


Premise: Who provided the contradictory  population numbers for Greeks abroad ?

Hypothesis: The total number of Greeks living outside Greece and Cyprus today is a contentious issue.


Premise: Who was elected as President in 2005?

Hypothesis: Previously, he held power for 19 years after taking power in 1980 in a bloodless coup.


Premise: The eastern and central basins of Iran experience how much annual precipitation?

Hypothesis: To the west, settlements in the Zagros basin experience lower temperatures, severe winters with below zero average daily temperatures and heavy snowfall.


Premise: What is the NAB?

Hypothesis: Efforts were started in 1942 to standardize within the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB), later known as the National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters (NARTB).


Premise: Where can one look for memorization clues concerning accent positions?

Hypothesis: Historically, the rising tone appeared when the place of the accent shifted to the preceding syllable (the so-called "Neoshtokavian retraction"), but the quality of this new accent was different – its melody still "gravitated" towards the original syllable.


Premise: What town is The Crow and Gate located in?

Hypothesis: Some pub signs are in the form of a pictorial pun or rebus.


Premise: What indicated the quality of a vacuum?

Hypothesis: The quality of a vacuum is indicated by the amount of matter remaining in the system, so that a high quality vacuum is one with very little matter left in it.


Premise: What is the busiest airport in Paris?

Hypothesis: Charles de Gaulle Airport, located on the edge of the northern suburbs of Paris, opened to commercial traffic in 1974 and became the busiest Parisian airport in 1993.


Premise: Which kinds of glass existed the furthest in the past?

Hypothesis: The term glass, in popular usage, is often used to refer only to this type of material, which is familiar from use as window glass and in glass bottles.


Premise: What did Apple introduce in 1990 to combat competition from smartphones?

Hypothesis: In response, Apple introduced a range of relatively inexpensive Macs in October 1990.


Premise: What ancient world insect is considered symbolic?

Hypothesis: The ancient Chinese regarded cicadas as symbols of rebirth or immortality.


Premise: Which two major rivers are located in the Cordilleran system?

Hypothesis: The Cordilleran system on the western side of the continent is lofty, broad and complicated having two branches, the Rocky Mountain System and the Pacific Mountain System.


Premise: What was Seattle's gross product in 2010?

Hypothesis: The city's gross metropolitan product was $231 billion in 2010, making it the 11th largest metropolitan economy in the United States.


Premise: What acronym was given to South Vietnamese troops?

Hypothesis: The allies fought against the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) as well as the National Liberation Front (NLF, also known as Viet communists Viet Cong), or "VC", a guerrilla force within South Vietnam.


Premise: Who coined the term post-punk?

Hypothesis: The term "post-punk" was first used by journalists in the late 1970s to describe groups moving beyond punk's sonic template into disparate areas.


Premise: What kind of software replaced Carnivore?

Hypothesis: DCS is reported to stand for "Digital Collection System"; the system has the same functions as before.


Premise: Who used inhumane methods against oponents through the UBDA?

Hypothesis: Not every person accused of a political crime was convicted and nobody was sentenced to death for his or her pro-Soviet feelings.


Premise: What percent of Parisians work in hotels and restaurants?

Hypothesis: Fourteen percent of Parisians work in hotels and restaurants and other services to individuals.


Premise: The Financial Times rated what school's MBA program 2nd-best in the world in 2015?

Hypothesis: The London Business School is considered one of the world's leading business schools and in 2015 its MBA programme was ranked second best in the world by the Financial Times.


Premise: What piece did Chopin play at  Adolphe Nourrit's funeral?

Hypothesis: At the funeral of the tenor Adolphe Nourrit in Paris in 1839, Chopin made a rare appearance at the organ, playing a transcription of Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne.


Premise: What was the nickname given to the Dutch Admiral in charge of the East Indies?

Hypothesis: His small force of submarines sank more Japanese ships in the first weeks of the war than the entire British and US navies together, an exploit which earned him the nickname "Ship-a-day Helfrich".


Premise: What is Detroit's sports related nickname?

Hypothesis: In the years following the mid-1930s, Detroit was referred to as the "City of Champions" after the Tigers, Lions, and Red Wings captured all three major professional sports championships in a seven-month period of time (the Tigers won the World Series in October 1935; the Lions won the NFL championship in December 1935; the Red Wings won the Stanley Cup in April 1936).


Premise: What is the program that allows season employees work permits?

Hypothesis: The applicants register for the Pacific Access Category (PAC) ballots; the primary criteria is that the principal applicant must have a job offer from a New Zealand employer.


Premise: In what year was the film version of Mary, Queen of Scots made?

Hypothesis: At this time, Hal B. Wallis, who had latterly worked as a major producer at Paramount, moved over to Universal, where he produced several films, among them a lavish version of Maxwell Anderson's Anne of the Thousand Days (1969), and the equally lavish Mary, Queen of Scots (1971).


Premise: In what building was the Melbourne Internation Exhibition of 1880 held?

Hypothesis: In 1880 a telephone exchange was established and in the same year the foundations of St Paul's, were laid; in 1881 electric light was installed in the Eastern Market, and in the following year a generating station capable of supplying 2,000 incandescent lamps was in operation.


Premise: What country did the Romans continue to expand to after Rome was sacked?

Hypothesis: After recovering surprisingly fast from the sack of Rome, the Romans immediately resumed their expansion within Italy.


Premise: What was the first Namibian newspaper?

Hypothesis: During German rule, the newspapers mainly reflected the living reality and the view of the white German-speaking minority.


Premise: What type of birds specialise in hunting mammals or other birds?

Hypothesis: Birds of prey specialise in hunting mammals or other birds, while vultures are specialised scavengers.


Premise: Where did the Austronesian people settle down in Indonesia?

Hypothesis: Austronesian people, who form the majority of the modern population in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, East Timor, and the Philippines, may have migrated to Southeast Asia from Taiwan.


Premise: With whom did Chopin go to Berlin?

Hypothesis: On an 1829 return trip to Berlin, he was a guest of Prince Antoni Radziwiłł, governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen—himself an accomplished composer and aspiring cellist.


Premise: What is the relationship between Pakistan's Constitution and Azad Kashmir?

Hypothesis: With respect to Pakistan's territories (i.e. FATA, Azad Kashmir, Northern Areas and Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT)) the Supreme Court's jurisdiction is rather limited and varies from territory to territory; it can hear appeals only of a constitutional nature from FATA and Northern Areas, while ICT generally functions the same as provinces.


Premise: When did the debate on delimitation begin in Germany?

Hypothesis: The debate on a new delimitation of the German territory started in 1919 as part of discussions about the new constitution.


Premise: What religion was suppressed in Libya?

Hypothesis: The consumption of alcohol was banned, night clubs and Christian churches were shut down, traditional Libyan dress was encouraged, while Arabic was decreed as the only language permitted in official communications and on road signs.


Premise: Napoleon's naval plan came apart after British triumph at which Battle?

Hypothesis: However, the plan unraveled after the British victory at the Battle of Cape Finisterre in July 1805.


Premise: What Christians did Kangxi allow in his court?

Hypothesis: The relationship of trust was however lost in the later Chinese Rites controversy.


Premise: What year did Elizabeth Longford write a biography of Victoria?

Hypothesis: The biographies written by Elizabeth Longford and Cecil Woodham-Smith, in 1964 and 1972 respectively, are still widely admired.


Premise: The interjection "O" has been replaced by which more common and preferred word in English?

Hypothesis: The names of the days of the week and the names of the months are also capitalised, as are the first-person pronoun "I" and the interjection "O" (although the latter is uncommon in modern usage, with "oh" being preferred).


Premise: What was the new armor called?

Hypothesis: This new armor, which used iron plated dou (dō), was referred to as Tosei-gusoku, or modern armor.


Premise: How many muscians, at most, could make up a chamber ensemble during the classical period?

Hypothesis: The symphony came into its own as a musical form, and the concerto was developed as a vehicle for displays of virtuoso playing skill.


Premise: What does the name 'Praça dos Três Poderes' come from?

Hypothesis: The name is derived from the encounter of the three federal branches around the plaza: the Executive, represented by the Palácio do Planalto (presidential office); the Legislative, represented by the National Congress (Congresso Nacional); and the Judicial branch, represented by the Supreme Federal Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal).


Premise: In what month and year did Hurricane Katrina occur?

Hypothesis: This was the first professional sports championship to be staged in the city since Hurricane Katrina struck in August 2005.


Premise: What is this kind of introduction and transfer used for?

Hypothesis: Schell and Van Montagu (1977) hypothesised that the Ti plasmid could be a natural vector for introducing the Nif gene responsible for nitrogen fixation in the root nodules of legumes and other plant species.


Premise: How are severe infections of the brain usually treated?

Hypothesis: Severe infections of the brain are usually treated with intravenous antibiotics.


Premise: What record label had a contract with the winner of American Idols fourteenth season?

Hypothesis: The winner of the season also received a recording contract with Big Machine Records.


Premise: WHich Irish newspaper has it's homebase in Cork, Ireland?

Hypothesis: Cork is home to one of Ireland's main national newspapers, the Irish Examiner (formerly the Cork Examiner).


Premise: What magazine refuted the claims made by The Sun in its article about the forum?

Hypothesis: The UK magazine Private Eye claimed that Glen Jenvey, a man quoted by The Sun as a terrorism expert, who had been posting to the forum under the pseudonym "Abuislam", was the only forum member promoting a hate campaign while other members promoted peaceful advocacy, such as writing 'polite letters'.


Premise: What else is this particular captain known for doing ?

Hypothesis: In later times, the Romioi plied the sea-lanes of the Mediterranean and controlled trade until an embargo imposed by the Roman Emperor on trade with the Caliphate opened the door for the later Italian pre-eminence in trade.


Premise: What didn't the Ming send to replace the Mongols when they left Tibet?

Hypothesis: Laird writes that the Ming appointed titles to eastern Tibetan princes, and that "these alliances with eastern Tibetan principalities are the evidence China now produces for its assertion that the Ming ruled Tibet," despite the fact that the Ming did not send an army to replace the Mongols after they left Tibet.


Premise: Which hedge fund manager with a networth of over a billion is considered an alumni?

Hypothesis: Non-academic alumni:


Premise: How did Jan Hus die?

Hypothesis: He was excommunicated and burned at the stake in Constance, Bishopric of Constance in 1415 by secular authorities for unrepentant and persistent heresy.


Premise: When did Spielberg buy Orson Welles' personal script copy from 'The War of the Worlds'?

Hypothesis: Spielberg has purchased Academy Award statuettes being sold on the open market and donated them to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, to prevent their further commercial exploitation.


Premise: In the 2006 study, Southampton was discovered to be one of the lowest carbon emitters out of major cities in what large geographical area?

Hypothesis: The centre of Southampton is located above a large hot water aquifer that provides geothermal power to some of the city's buildings.


Premise: Firms such as Eli Lilly, Pfizer, and AstraZeneca have settled claims under what act?

Hypothesis: Every major company selling the antipsychotics — Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson — has either settled recent government cases, under the False Claims Act, for hundreds of millions of dollars or is currently under investigation for possible health care fraud.


Premise: What date did the Evangelos Florakis Naval Base explosion occur?

Hypothesis: operating Aérospatiale SA-342L and Bell 206 and the 450th Helicopter Gunship Squadron (450 ME/P) – operating Mi-35P helicopters and the Britten-Norman BN-2B and Pilatus PC-9 fixed-wing aircraft.


Premise: Which movie was Spectre originally featured in?

Hypothesis: The story sees Bond pitted against the global criminal organisation Spectre, marking the group's first appearance in an Eon Productions film since 1971's Diamonds Are Forever,[N 2] and tying Craig's series of films together with an overarching storyline.


Premise: What group were considered to be at the top of the Strict Class Hierarchy?

Hypothesis: The daimyo, or lords, were at the top, followed by the warrior-caste of samurai, with the farmers, artisans, and traders ranking below.


Premise: How many weeks did their single "Independent Women Part I" stay on top?

Hypothesis: It became their best-charting single, topping the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart for eleven consecutive weeks.


Premise: How can a DBMS database migration be made easier?

Hypothesis: A database built with one DBMS is not portable to another DBMS (i.e., the other DBMS cannot run it).


Premise: The most differences between Czech and Slovak can be found in colloquial vocabulary as well as what?

Hypothesis: One study showed that Czech and Slovak lexicons differed by 80 percent, but this high percentage was found to stem primarily from differing orthographies and slight inconsistencies in morphological formation; Slovak morphology is more regular (when changing from the nominative to the locative case, Praha becomes Praze in Czech and Prahe in Slovak).


Premise: When was internet hunting introduced?

Hypothesis: As a representative of the National Rifle Association (NRA) explained, "The NRA has always maintained that fair chase, being in the field with your firearm or bow, is an important element of hunting tradition.


Premise: What is used asphalt turned back into?

Hypothesis: The asphalt/bitumen in the removed material can be reactivated and put back to use in new pavement mixes.


Premise: What did many Presbyterian churches introduce as a result of modifying prescriptions?

Hypothesis: Although there are set services for the "Lord's Day", one can find a service to be evangelical and even revivalist in tone (especially in some conservative denominations), or strongly liturgical, approximating the practices of Lutheranism or Anglicanism (especially where Scottish tradition is esteemed),[clarification needed] or semi-formal, allowing for a balance of hymns, preaching, and congregational participation (favored by probably most American Presbyterians).


Premise: What is the cost of admission to the Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery?

Hypothesis: The Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery is operated by Plymouth City Council allowing free admission – it has six galleries.


Premise: Where could you expect the extensive amount of cavalry troops to be sourced from?

Hypothesis: There was an additional class of troops who followed the army without specific martial roles and were deployed to the rear of the third line.


Premise: Who is the Soviet man that created the first LED?

Hypothesis: Soviet inventor Oleg Losev reported creation of the first LED in 1927.


Premise: What weapon does North Korea claim it now has the ability to use?

Hypothesis: Speaking on 4 April 2013, the U.S. Secretary of Defense, Chuck Hagel, informed the press that Pyongyang had "formally informed" the Pentagon that it had "ratified" the potential usage of a nuclear weapon against South Korea, Japan and the United States of America, including Guam and Hawaii.


Premise: What Christian denomination did Eisenhower belong to?

Hypothesis: On March 31, Eisenhower's body was returned to the National Cathedral, where he was given an Episcopal Church funeral service.


Premise: What is the administration of the state of Isreal seen as?

Hypothesis: Generally speaking, of the three key strands of Orthodox Judaism, Haredi Orthodox and Hasidic Orthodox Jews are at best ambivalent towards the ideology of Zionism and the creation of the State of Israel, and there are many groups and organisations who are outspokenly anti-Zionistic, seeing the ideology of Zionism as diametrically opposed to the teaching of the Torah, and the Zionist administration of the State of Israel, with its emphasis on militarism and nationalism, as destructive of the Judaic way of life.


Premise: According to CAMRA, how many pubs in Britain possess classic snugs?

Hypothesis: CAMRA have surveyed the 50,000 pubs in Britain and they believe that there are very few pubs that still have classic snugs.


Premise: What did Napoleon use to justify his creation of an imperial system?

Hypothesis: To expand his power, Napoleon used these assassination plots to justify the creation of an imperial system based on the Roman model.


Premise: Through what years was Mario Soares the Portuguese Prime Minister?

Hypothesis: Mário Soares would be Prime Minister from 1976 to 1978 and again from 1983 to 1985.


Premise: When did Rutherford introduce the new name for the Society?

Hypothesis: The name was chosen to distinguish his group of Bible Students from other independent groups that had severed ties with the Society, as well as symbolize the instigation of new outlooks and the promotion of fresh evangelizing methods.


Premise: What items are discussed at party retreats?

Hypothesis: For instance, to keep their party colleagues "on message," they insure that partisan colleagues are sent packets of suggested press releases or "talking points" for constituent meetings in their districts; they help to organize "town meetings" in Members' districts around the country to publicize the party's agenda or a specific priority, such as health care or education; they sponsor party "retreats" to discuss issues and assess the party's public image; they create "theme teams" to craft party messages that might be raised during the one-minute, morning hour, or special order period in the House; they conduct surveys of party colleagues to discern their policy preferences; they establish websites that highlight and distribute party images and issues to users; and they organize task forces or issue teams to formulate party programs and to develop strategies for communicating these programs to the public.


Premise: When did Atlantic City go through a radical building boom?

Hypothesis: Many of the modest boarding houses that dotted the boardwalk were replaced with large hotels.


Premise: In what year did the establishment of the Qutb dynasty occur?

Hypothesis: Sultan Quli, a governor of Golkonda, revolted against the Bahmani Sultanate and established the Qutb Shahi dynasty in 1518; he rebuilt the mud-fort of Golconda and named the city "Muhammad nagar".


Premise: What activities are prohibited in national parks?

Hypothesis: Forestry operations, grazing of animals and hunting of animals are prohibited.


Premise: What type of aircraft was the German Plane?

Hypothesis: In fact the Dornier Do 17 bomber was empty.


Premise: Who was a correspondent on season two of American Idol?

Hypothesis: Following the success of season one, the second season was moved up to air in January 2003.


Premise: What happened to the usage of financial innovation products in the years leading up the financial crisis?

Hypothesis: These products vary in complexity and the ease with which they can be valued on the books of financial institutions.


Premise: What type of philosophy does both Kasmir Shaivism and Advaita Vedanta share?

Hypothesis: The objective of human life, according to Kashmir Shaivism, is to merge in Shiva or Universal Consciousness, or to realize one's already existing identity with Shiva, by means of wisdom, yoga and grace.


Premise: How many Emmy awards did Ray of Light won?

Hypothesis: The second single, "Ray of Light", debuted at number five on the Billboard Hot 100.


Premise: What concept took shape during Walpole's tenure as prime minister?

Hypothesis: Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public, or resign.


Premise: How is culture defined?

Hypothesis: However, "culture" should not be seen as synonymous with nation or ethnicity.


Premise: Why is the video and audio of the H.323 technique higher quality?

Hypothesis: These use a standards-based H.323 technique known as "decentralized multipoint", where each station in a multipoint call exchanges video and audio directly with the other stations with no central "manager" or other bottleneck.


Premise: What phrase did Popper use to describe Darwinism's relation to proper falsifiable theories?

Hypothesis: The creation–evolution controversy in the United States raises the issue of whether creationistic ideas may be legitimately called science and whether evolution itself may be legitimately called science.


Premise: Who were the curia regis?

Hypothesis: Another section of royal followers were the curia regis; these curiales were the senior officials and agents of the king and were essential to his day-to-day rule.


Premise: Who was top ranked in population strength?

Hypothesis: Census-wise, the state is placed 21st on the population chart, followed by Tripura at 22nd place.


Premise: What finally become of Kanye's clothing line in 2009?

Hypothesis: In September 2005, West announced that he would release his Pastelle Clothing line in spring 2006, claiming "Now that I have a Grammy under my belt and Late Registration is finished, I am ready to launch my clothing line next spring.


Premise: What is the act of surreptitiously listening to a private conversation?

Hypothesis: Even machines that operate as a closed system (i.e., with no contact to the outside world) can be eavesdropped upon via monitoring the faint electro-magnetic transmissions generated by the hardware; TEMPEST is a specification by the NSA referring to these attacks.


Premise: What did Reagan wrongly believe Libya to be?

Hypothesis: In 1981, the new US President Ronald Reagan pursued a hard line approach to Libya, erroneously considering it a puppet regime of the Soviet Union.


Premise: What was the name of one of the party's leader that also happen to be on trial?

Hypothesis: The event became a rallying point for the New Left and critics of the Nixon Administration.


Premise: Gautama combined the yoga practice of what teacher?

Hypothesis: While he searched for enlightenment, Gautama combined the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with what later became known as "the immeasurables".[dubious – discuss]


Premise: When did Thomas Edward Gordon publish "The Problem of the Middle East"?

Hypothesis: In 1900 Thomas Edward Gordon published an article, The Problem of the Middle East, which began:


Premise: Since what date has Sanskrit been offered as a language option in the U.S.?

Hypothesis: In Australia, the Sydney private boys' high school Sydney Grammar School offers Sanskrit from years 7 through to 12, including for the Higher School Certificate.


Premise: Richard withdrew what towards John?

Hypothesis: In return for this service, Richard withdrew his malevolentia (ill-will) towards John, restored him to the county of Gloucestershire and made him again the Count of Mortain.


Premise: Who wrote that the music of the post-punk era was avant-garde?

Hypothesis: Until recently, in most critical writing the post-punk era was "often dismissed as an awkward period in which punk's gleeful ructions petered out into the vacuity of the Eighties".


Premise: How many bookstalls are located along the Seine?

Hypothesis: Since that time, because of high prices, some publishers have moved out to the less expensive areas.


Premise: What is the official name of Greece?

Hypothesis: The names for the nation of Greece and the Greek people differ from the names used in other languages, locations and cultures.


Premise: Which countries supported Afghan islamists against the Soviets?

Hypothesis: A small number of "Afghan Arab" volunteers joined the fight against the Soviets, including Osama bin Laden, but there is no evidence they received any external assistance.


Premise: What event caused sea levels to decrease approximately 100,000 years ago?

Hypothesis: Starting about 100,000 years ago the Wisconsin glaciation began lowering sea levels, exposing the floor of the lagoon.


Premise: In what century long before Dutch did most West Germanic dialects probably lose case inflection?

Hypothesis: The Dutch written grammar has simplified over the past 100 years: cases are now mainly used for the pronouns, such as ik (I), mij, me (me), mijn (my), wie (who), wiens (whose: masculine or neuter singular), wier (whose: feminine singular; masculine, feminine or neuter plural).


Premise: What is the term that described a government based on the rule of law?

Hypothesis: A government based on the rule of law can be called a "nomocracy", from the Greek nomos (law) and kratos (power or rule).


Premise: Which US state also donated territory to Washington, D.C., but had it returned?

Hypothesis: The capital city, Washington, District of Columbia, is a federal district located on land donated by the state of Maryland.


Premise: How many times was Naguib wounded?

Hypothesis: They selected Muhammad Naguib, a popular general who had offered his resignation to Farouk in 1942 over British high-handedness and was wounded three times in the Palestine War.


Premise: How many EditDroid systems were ever built?

Hypothesis: Later EditDroid experiments borrowed from hard-drive technology of having multiple discs on the same spindle and added numerous playback heads and numerous electronics to the basic jukebox design so that any point on each of the discs would be accessible within seconds.


Premise: What inspired early post-punk artists?

Hypothesis: Many of these artists, initially inspired by punk's DIY ethic and energy, ultimately became disillusioned with the style and movement, feeling that it had fallen into commercial formula, rock convention and self-parody.


Premise: where were the penguins transported for cleaning?

Hypothesis: On 16 March 2011, the freighter MS Oliva ran aground on Nightingale Island, spilling tons of heavy fuel oil into the ocean, leaving an oil slick threatening the island's population of rockhopper penguins.


Premise: What does DST inherit from standard time?

Hypothesis: DST inherits and can magnify the disadvantages of standard time.


Premise: Are records generally out of print as of date?

Hypothesis: Old records and out-of-print recordings in particular are in much demand by collectors the world over.


Premise: What was the occasion where debutantes were presented to society called?

Hypothesis: These young women were known as débutantes, and the occasion—termed their "coming out"—represented their first entrée into society.


Premise: What  is the origins of the term "old woman " ?

Hypothesis: The word γραῖα graia "old woman" comes from the PIE root *ǵerh2-/*ǵreh2-, "to grow old" via Proto-Greek *gera-/grau-iu; the same root later gave γέρας geras (/keras/), "gift of honour" in Mycenean Greek.


Premise: What district is Lafayette Park a part of?

Hypothesis: Lafayette Park is a revitalized neighborhood on the city's east side, part of the Ludwig Mies van der Rohe residential district.


Premise: What is one of the Thunders nicknames?

Hypothesis: The Thunder is known by several nicknames, including "OKC Thunder" and simply "OKC", and its mascot is Rumble the Bison.


Premise: Sun Yat-Sen became the leader of what military group.

Hypothesis: In 1917 Sun Yat-sen had become commander-in-chief of a rival military government in Guangzhou in collaboration with southern warlords.


Premise: How many BS level degrees are offered in the College of Engineering at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: Today the college, housed in the Fitzpatrick, Cushing, and Stinson-Remick Halls of Engineering, includes five departments of study – aerospace and mechanical engineering, chemical and biomolecular engineering, civil engineering and geological sciences, computer science and engineering, and electrical engineering – with eight B.S. degrees offered.


Premise: What does the work Mawla mean to Sunnies?

Hypothesis: However, for the Sunnis the word simply means the 'beloved' or the 'revered' and has no other significance at all.


Premise: In the IHDI, inequality is factored into what three human development dimensions?

Hypothesis: The 2010 Human Development Report was the first to calculate an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), which factors in inequalities in the three basic dimensions of human development (income, life expectancy, and education).


Premise: What special tax did the discriminated Iranians - both converted and nonconverted - have to pay?

Hypothesis: Iranians were discriminated against, being excluded from the government and military, and having to pay a special tax called Jizya.


Premise: In addition to individual applications, what modern systems that control the basic functions of a computer typically use UTC?

Hypothesis: Likewise, most modern operating systems internally handle and store all times as UTC and only convert to local time for display.


Premise: In what ways can a sequence of events be presented?

Hypothesis: A sequence of events can be presented in text, tables, charts, or timelines.


Premise: When did Tucson begin offering city council candidates public funding?

Hypothesis: Since 1985, both mayoral and council candidates have been eligible to receive matching public funds from the city.


Premise: What structure did Jens Galschiøt build to monumentalize the Tianamen Square protests in 1989?

Hypothesis: The Color Orange democracy group, led by Danish sculptor Jens Galschiøt, originally planned to join the Hong Kong Alliance relay and paint the "Pillar of Shame", a structure he built in Hong Kong to commemorate the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests.


Premise: How many people would serve concurrently in a single magisterial office?

Hypothesis: In addition, once a magistrate's one-year term of office expired, he would have to wait ten years before serving in that office again.


Premise: Where was Polybius from?

Hypothesis: While a few fragments exist, there is no surviving historical work which dates to the hundred years following Alexander's death.


Premise: When did Tribhuvan die?

Hypothesis: The Tribhuvan Museum contains artifacts related to the King Tribhuvan (1906–1955).


Premise: What years were Oklahoma's hottest summers?

Hypothesis: Severe drought is common in the hottest summers, such as those of 1934, 1954, 1980 and 2011, all of which featured weeks on end of virtual rainlessness and high temperatures well over 100 °F (38 °C).


Premise: What was the budget for 'Robopocalypse'?

Hypothesis: The film would follow a global human war against a robot uprising about 15–20 years in the future.


Premise: In Sumerian, what are morphemes added together to create?

Hypothesis: There have been many failed attempts to connect Sumerian to other language groups.


Premise: How many counties are in Estonia?

Hypothesis: Thirteen of Estonia's 15 counties are over 80% ethnic Estonian, the most homogeneous being Hiiumaa, where Estonians account for 98.4% of the population.


Premise: What did many Romans claim in the Republican era?

Hypothesis: Just as Rome itself claimed the favour of the gods, so did some individual Romans.


Premise: Napoleon chose to focus his attention on which country that flouted his trade restrictions?

Hypothesis: He decided to focus his attention on the Kingdom of Portugal, which consistently violated his trade prohibitions.


Premise: Which former judge came back to the judges' panel this season?

Hypothesis: Former judge Jennifer Lopez and former mentor Harry Connick, Jr. joined Urban on the panel.


Premise: Who has the only Reformed church?

Hypothesis: The Church of England is the officially established religious institution in England, and also the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion.


Premise: What does USAID stands for?

Hypothesis: The Ministry of Environment and Tourism with the financial support from organisations such as USAID, Endangered Wildlife Trust, WWF, and Canadian Ambassador's Fund, together form a Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) support structure.


Premise: What was the number of clubs reduced to in 1995.

Hypothesis: On 8 June 2006, FIFA requested that all major European leagues, including Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga be reduced to 18 teams by the start of the 2007–08 season.


Premise: How is adolescence defined cognitively?

Hypothesis: In studying adolescent development, adolescence can be defined biologically, as the physical transition marked by the onset of puberty and the termination of physical growth; cognitively, as changes in the ability to think abstractly and multi-dimensionally; or socially, as a period of preparation for adult roles.


Premise: What year were hops first believed to be added to beer?

Hypothesis: The product that the early Europeans drank might not be recognised as beer by most people today.


Premise: Who captured Malakoff?

Hypothesis: For months each side had been building forward rifle pits and defensive positions, which resulted in many skirmishes.


Premise: Where do most injuries happen?

Hypothesis: These injuries commonly occur at the lower extremities such as: cartilage lesions, ligament tears, and bone bruises/fractures.


Premise: What fungus helps to soften heavy metal sulfides?

Hypothesis: The fungus also plays a role in the solubilization of heavy metal sulfides.


Premise: In which year did Billaut capture Chihuahua?

Hypothesis: By January 31, 1866 Billaut was ordered to leave Chihuahua, but he left behind 500 men to maintain control.


Premise: What was the internal name for "laser rot" within LD processing plants?

Hypothesis: Some forms of laser rot could appear as black spots that looked like mold or burned plastic which cause the disc to skip and the movie to exhibit excessive speckling noise.


Premise: In what city did Beyonce grow up?

Hypothesis: Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child, and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group Destiny's Child.


Premise: what type of technology is used to connect to the internet wirelessly?

Hypothesis: ISPs provide Internet access, employing a range of technologies to connect users to their network.


Premise: What was the codename of the plutonium-based bomb created in the Second World War?

Hypothesis: The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945.


Premise: Who ran from house to house, laughing, screaming, and singing?

Hypothesis: The Strumica Carnival (Macedonian: Струмички Карневал, translated Strumichki Karneval) has been held since at least 1670, when the Turkish author Evlija Chelebija wrote while staying there, "I came into a town located in the foothills of a high hillock and what I saw that night was masked people running house–to–house, with laughter, scream and song.


Premise: The treatment of Pygmies has been compared to the treatment of what?

Hypothesis: The Congolese Human Rights Observatory says that the Pygmies are treated as property the same way "pets" are.


Premise: When was the first Scottish Masonic lodge opened in Iraq?

Hypothesis: Masonic lodges existed in Iraq as early as 1917, when the first lodge under the United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE) was opened.


Premise: How long does summer last?

Hypothesis: The state has areas like Dharamsala that receive very heavy rainfall, as well as those like Lahaul and Spiti that are cold and almost rainless.


Premise: Who won a strong majority in the election?

Hypothesis: Three years later, PAIGC won a strong parliamentary majority, with 67 of 100 seats, in the parliamentary election held in November 2008.


Premise: In what year was the first permanent photograph produced?

Hypothesis: The inventor Nicéphore Niépce produced the first permanent photograph on a polished pewter plate in Paris in 1825, and then developed the process with Louis Daguerre.


Premise: Where did Twilight Princess rank on Nintendo Power's list of Nintendo games in the 2000s?

Hypothesis: The game placed 16th in Official Nintendo Magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Nintendo Games of All Time.


Premise: Along with being faint, what characteristic is usually present in electric guitars used in adult contemporary?

Hypothesis: Adult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set.


Premise: The Otis Elevator Company is today a subsidiary of what major corporation?

Hypothesis: Today the Otis Elevator Company, now a subsidiary of United Technologies Corporation, is the world's largest manufacturer of vertical transport systems.


Premise: What is the TD Gardens former name?

Hypothesis: The Boston Celtics were founding members of the Basketball Association of America, one of the two leagues that merged to form the NBA.


Premise: Why have birds been domesticated by humans?

Hypothesis: Colourful birds, such as parrots and mynas, are bred in captivity or kept as pets, a practice that has led to the illegal trafficking of some endangered species.


Premise: Where did the semi finals take place before then?

Hypothesis: The semi-finals have been played exclusively at the rebuilt Wembley Stadium since 2008, one year after it opened and after it had already hosted a final (in 2007).


Premise: If a country's ranking does not change, which indicator will be present?

Hypothesis: On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking.


Premise: What philosophy was named for Gamal Abdel Nasser?

Hypothesis: As a schoolboy, Gaddafi adopted the ideologies of Arab nationalism and Arab socialism, influenced in particular by Nasserism, the thought of Egyptian revolutionary and president Gamal Abdel Nasser, whom Gaddafi adopted as his hero.


Premise: Are motives behind teen alcohol use varied or uniform across different cultures?

Hypothesis: Research has generally shown striking uniformity across different cultures in the motives behind teen alcohol use.


Premise: Why was the Royal College of Chemistry founded?

Hypothesis: The Royal College of Chemistry was established by private subscription in 1845 as there was a growing awareness that practical aspects of the experimental sciences were not well taught and that in the United Kingdom the teaching of chemistry in particular had fallen behind that in Germany.


Premise: What is a possible alternative to making carbon-based fuels from reduction of carbon dioxide?

Hypothesis: These processes offset energy that would otherwise come from a fossil fuel source and can also convert solar energy into storable and transportable fuels.


Premise: How much was 1 US Dollar worth in Iranian Rials in early 2012?

Hypothesis: Sanctions have led to a steep fall in the value of the rial, and as of April 2013 one US dollar is worth 36,000 rial, compared with 16,000 in early 2012.


Premise: Along with Duccio, what Italian artist was a noted innovator in this period?

Hypothesis: During this period the practice of manuscript illumination gradually passed from monasteries to lay workshops, so that according to Janetta Benton "by 1300 most monks bought their books in shops", and the book of hours developed as a form of devotional book for lay-people.


Premise: What did CBS develop in order to reduce outside noise?

Hypothesis: A similar and very short-lived scheme involved using the CBS-developed "CX" noise reduction encoding/decoding scheme.


Premise: How many municipalities are there?

Hypothesis: 12,141 municipalities, which are the smallest administrative units in Germany.


Premise: In what year did Tucson get the least rain?

Hypothesis: The wettest year was 1983 with 21.86 in (555 mm) of precipitation, and the driest year was 1953 with 5.34 in (136 mm).


Premise: Who is the mouse God?

Hypothesis: Homer interprets Apollo as a terrible god (δεινὸς θεός) who brings death and disease with his arrows, but who can also heal, possessing a magic art that separates him from the other Greek gods.


Premise: abbé Jean Meslier lived from what year to what year?

Hypothesis: John "Walking" Stewart (1747-1822), whose insistence in seeing matter as endowed with a moral dimension had a major impact on the philosophical poetry of William Wordsworth (1770-1850).


Premise: What did Charles Stewart Parnell change his parties name to in 1882?

Hypothesis: The Home Rule League Party, campaigning for Home Rule for Ireland in the British Parliament was fundamentally changed by the great Irish political leader Charles Stewart Parnell in the 1880s.


Premise: What method was was used to obtain the measurement?

Hypothesis: In principle, the Planck constant could be determined by examining the spectrum of a black-body radiator or the kinetic energy of photoelectrons, and this is how its value was first calculated in the early twentieth century.


Premise: Historic St. George's has been given what distinction?

Hypothesis: Many of Bermuda's hotels are located along the south shore of the island.


Premise: Is a trade union governed by the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator?

Hypothesis: In Scotland, the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator serves the same function.


Premise: What is the most frequently used writing script for the Somali language?

Hypothesis: Of these, the Somali alphabet is the most widely used, and has been the official writing script in Somalia since the government of former President of Somalia Mohamed Siad Barre formally introduced it in October 1972.


Premise: What business was the Hudson's Bay Company originally involved in?

Hypothesis: It also previously owned Zellers, another major Canadian department store which ceased to exist in March 2013 after selling its lease holdings to Target Canada.


Premise: Which famous automobile designer is considered a non - academic alumni?

Hypothesis: Author, H. G. Wells, McLaren and Ferrari Chief Designer, Nicholas Tombazis, CEO of Rolls Royce, Ralph Robins, rock band Queen, Brian May, CEO of Singapore Airlines, Chew Choon Seng, Prime Minister of New Zealand, Julius Vogel, Prime Minister of India, Rajiv Gandhi, Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore, Teo Chee Hean, Chief Medical Officer for England, Sir Liam Donaldson, Head Physician to the Queen, Huw Thomas, CEO of Moonfruit, Wendy Tan White, Businessman and philanthropist, Winston Wong, billionaire hedge fund manager Alan Howard.


Premise: How old was Gladstone in 1892?

Hypothesis: Gladstone returned to power after the 1892 general election; he was 82 years old.


Premise: How many dead troops leave behind?

Hypothesis: The French troops who did not surrender retreated westward, leaving behind 1,000 dead and wounded and another 1,000 prisoners and all of their remaining ammunition.


Premise: Who published the map of the earthquakes intensity?

Hypothesis: Two south-west-north-east stripes of liedu XI are centered around Yingxiu, Wenchuan (the town closest to the epicenter of the main quake) and Beichuan (the town repeatedly struck by strong aftershocks including one registering MS 6.1 on Aug 1, 2008), both in Sichuan Province, occupying a total of 2,419 km2.


Premise: How many eras are the Shahis divided into?

Hypothesis: The Shahis are generally split up into two eras: the Buddhist Shahis and the Hindu Shahis, with the change-over thought to have occurred sometime around 870.


Premise: Name the accent spoken in the area?

Hypothesis: Unlike the Baltimore dialect, however, the Philadelphia accent also shares many similarities with the New York accent.


Premise: Who had made an attempt in the 1920s to release a long play time recording?

Hypothesis: At least one manufacturer in the early 1920s, World Records, produced records that played at a constant linear velocity, controlled by Noel Pemberton Billing's patented add-on governor device.


Premise: What sort of sound does the music of Susan Boyle have?

Hypothesis: Much as some hot AC and modern rock artists have crossed over into each other, so too has soft AC crossed with country music in this decade.


Premise: In what town does the FaleTuamasaga conduct business?

Hypothesis: In the district of Tuamasaga, the paramount title of the district – the Malietoa title – is conferred by the FaleTuamasaga based in Afega.


Premise: What positive visual component can knots sometimes add to decorative pieces?

Hypothesis: A knot primer paint or solution, correctly applied during preparation, may do much to reduce this problem but it is difficult to control completely, especially when using mass-produced kiln-dried timber stocks.


Premise: Parts of a computer that are not material objects are collectively known as what?

Hypothesis: Software refers to parts of the computer which do not have a material form, such as programs, data, protocols, etc.


Premise: Which Bronx schools have been closed or made smaller?

Hypothesis: More recently the City has started phasing out large middle schools, also replacing them with smaller schools.


Premise: Who was responsible for the bringing Greek culture as far as Asia?

Hypothesis: Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia.


Premise: Who is Tadaklan?

Hypothesis: In Philippine mythology, Kimat who is the pet of Tadaklan, god of thunder, is responsible for lightning.


Premise: Who conducted a study about the origins of "Latinos"?

Hypothesis: At times when it is favorable to lawmakers, Latinos were considered "white" by the Jim Crow laws during the Reconstruction.


Premise: Who produced the contents of World Three?

Hypothesis: World Three, he argued, was the product of individual human beings in exactly the same sense that an animal path is the product of individual animals, and that, as such, has an existence and evolution independent of any individual knowing subjects.


Premise: What cause less problems in digital terrestrial television?

Hypothesis: In digital terrestrial television such reflections are less problematic, due to robustness of binary transmissions and error correction.


Premise: What is Oklahoma's record high temperature for Nov 11?

Hypothesis: Because of Oklahoma's position between zones of differing prevailing temperature and winds, weather patterns within the state can vary widely over relatively short distances and can change drastically in a short time.


Premise: In an example of replacing 'b' with 'p' how is 'baggage' pronounced?

Hypothesis: The initial letter 's' is often dropped, for example 'skool' becomes 'kool', 'stool' becomes 'tool'.


Premise: What year did Arthur Berry patent his print-and-etch method?

Hypothesis: Arthur Berry in 1913 patented a print-and-etch method in Britain, and in the United States Max Schoop obtained a patent to flame-spray metal onto a board through a patterned mask.


Premise: Who released the first collection of Chopin's works?

Hypothesis: The first collected edition was by Breitkopf & Härtel (1878–1902).


Premise: What is one type of Greece's secondary education?

Hypothesis: As they can accept both Gymnasio (lower secondary school) and Lykeio (upper secondary school) graduates, these institutes are not classified as offering a particular level of education.


Premise: When did parties that relied on donations start to run into problems?

Hypothesis: Along with the increased scrutiny of donations there has been a long-term decline in party memberships in most western democracies which itself places more strains on funding.


Premise: On Indian Independence Day, kites are flown by citizens which symbolize what concept?

Hypothesis: Most Delhiites celebrate the day by flying kites, which are considered a symbol of freedom.


Premise: After what season will American Idol be cancelled?

Hypothesis: On May 11, 2015, prior to the fourteenth season finale, Fox announced that the fifteenth season of American Idol would be its last.


Premise: Where did the wealth of the Glided Age come form?

Hypothesis: The wealth polarization derived primarily from industrial and population expansion.


Premise: At the time when BeiDou-2 system began offering services, what was the positioning data the system was able to provide?

Hypothesis: At this time, the system could provide positioning data between longitude 55°E to 180°E and from latitude 55°S to 55°N.


Premise: When was Microsoft Windows 3.0 released?

Hypothesis: In 1989, Jean-Louis Gassée had steadfastly refused to lower the profit margins on Mac computers, then there was a component shortage that rocked the exponentially-expanding PC industry that year, forcing Apple USA head Allan Loren to cut prices which dropped Apple's margins.


Premise: What types of education greatly differs from Islamic education?

Hypothesis: Islamic education and Muslim education are not the same.


Premise: What has Ric Flair accomplished?

Hypothesis: A wrestler's championship accomplishments can be central to their career, becoming a measure of their performance ability and drawing power.


Premise: When might you hear smooth jazz on a soft AC station?

Hypothesis: In recent years, the Smooth Jazz format has been renamed to Smooth AC, as an attempt to lure younger listeners.


Premise: How many public universities are located in Melbourne?

Hypothesis: Some of Australia's most prominent and well known schools are based in Melbourne.


Premise: What did the old letters ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩ become?

Hypothesis: Older letters of the Russian alphabet include ⟨ѣ⟩, which merged to ⟨е⟩ (/je/ or /ʲe/); ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩, which both merged to ⟨и⟩ (/i/); ⟨ѳ⟩, which merged to ⟨ф⟩ (/f/); ⟨ѫ⟩, which merged to ⟨у⟩ (/u/); ⟨ѭ⟩, which merged to ⟨ю⟩


Premise: The two main structures that protect the brain are what?

Hypothesis: Even though it is protected by the skull and meninges, surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the delicate nature of the brain makes it vulnerable to numerous diseases and several types of damage.


Premise: What have translators tried to preserve?

Hypothesis: In general, translators have sought to preserve the context itself by reproducing the original order of sememes, and hence word order — when necessary, reinterpreting the actual grammatical structure, for example, by shifting from active to passive voice, or vice versa.


Premise: What material was first used for conformal coating?

Hypothesis: The earliest conformal coats were wax; modern conformal coats are usually dips of dilute solutions of silicone rubber, polyurethane, acrylic, or epoxy.


Premise: What nationality will the new international school in Brasilia be?

Hypothesis: English and Spanish are also part of the official curriculum.


Premise: Does a material breach necessarily suspend or terminate treaty relations?

Hypothesis: A treaty breach does not automatically suspend or terminate treaty relations, however.


Premise: In feet, how much of the Dawlish sea wall was destroyed?

Hypothesis: On the night of 4 February 2014, amid high winds and extremely rough seas, part of the sea wall at Dawlish was breached washing away around 40 metres (130 ft) of the wall and the ballast under the railway immediately behind.


Premise: What was the lead single for the Dreamgirls soundtrack?

Hypothesis: At the same time, B'Day was re-released with five additional songs, including her duet with Shakira "Beautiful Liar".


Premise: How many homeless shelters are in Paris?

Hypothesis: Fifty-six percent of the homeless were born outside France, the largest number coming from Africa and Eastern Europe.


Premise: USB has become what on other devices?

Hypothesis: It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles.


Premise: When was the AEA founded?

Hypothesis: The AEA was headed by Bell and the founding members were four young men: American Glenn H. Curtiss, a motorcycle manufacturer at the time and who held the title "world's fastest man", having ridden his self-constructed motor bicycle around in the shortest time, and who was later awarded the Scientific American Trophy for the first official one-kilometre flight in the Western hemisphere, and who later became a world-renowned airplane manufacturer; Lieutenant Thomas Selfridge, an official observer from the U.S. Federal government and one of the few people in the army who believed that aviation was the future; Frederick W. Baldwin, the first Canadian and first British subject to pilot a public flight in Hammondsport, New York, and J.A.D. McCurdy —Baldwin and McCurdy being new engineering graduates from the University of Toronto.


Premise: How is Tucson replenishing its groundwater?

Hypothesis: In an effort to conserve water, Tucson is recharging groundwater supplies by running part of its share of CAP water into various open portions of local rivers to seep into their aquifer.


Premise: Beyoncé is a descendant of which Acadian leader?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé's younger sister Solange is also a singer and a former member of Destiny's Child.


Premise: Does Buddhism encourage or discourage doctrinal studies?

Hypothesis: Buddhist scholars have produced a number of intellectual theories, philosophies and world view concepts (see, for example, Abhidharma, Buddhist philosophy and Reality in Buddhism).


Premise: What unit did Eisenhower serve with at Camp Meade?

Hypothesis: In February 1918 he was transferred to Camp Meade in Maryland with the 65th Engineers.


Premise: What caused Romanticism to end?

Hypothesis: The Romantic Movement of the early 19th century reshaped science by opening up new pursuits unexpected in the classical approaches of the Enlightenment.


Premise: What are some of Lisbon's tourist attractions?

Hypothesis: The buildings and big squares of the Pombaline City Centre still remain as one of Lisbon's tourist attractions.


Premise: Which invention resulted in more widespread use of the printed word?

Hypothesis: Combined with this influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing which facilitated dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning.


Premise: What is the daily average temperature in July?

Hypothesis: Summers are typically warm and humid with a July daily average of 75.6 °F (24.2 °C).


Premise: Where could a householder rekindle the home's flame?

Hypothesis: Indirectly, they played a role in every official sacrifice; among their duties was the preparation of the mola salsa, the salted flour that was sprinkled on every sacrificial victim as part of its immolation.


Premise: Who started the construction of the main chapel?

Hypothesis: In the 15th century the dome was added and the naves extended back of the choir, uniting the building to the tower and forming a main entrance.


Premise: Other than the ID3v1, which similar standard format for tag exists?

Hypothesis: However, several de facto standards for tag formats exist.


Premise: What group wanted to stop reforms?

Hypothesis: Within two years political reform could no longer be sidetracked by Party "conservatives."


Premise: Neo-classical music emerged during what era?

Hypothesis: Others have more or less equated postmodern music with the "contemporary music" composed from the late 20th century through to the early 21st century.


Premise: What does junior NCO refer to in the USAF pay grade system?

Hypothesis: While all USAF military personnel are referred to as Airmen, the term also refers to the pay grades of E-1 through E-4, which are below the level of non-commissioned officers (NCOs).


Premise: What often happens to regional breweries after they sell their pubs?

Hypothesis: Newly acquired pubs are often renamed by the new owners, and many people resent the loss of traditional names, especially if their favourite regional beer disappears at the same time.


Premise: What did the Russians fear losing without compensation?

Hypothesis: While Alaska attracted little interest at the time, the population of nearby British Columbia started to increase rapidly a few years after hostilities ended.


Premise: Which two states designated their assigned votes based on their districts?

Hypothesis: A ballot initiative in Colorado, known as Amendment 36, would have changed the way in which the state apportions its electoral votes.


Premise: What do birds need to change to meet the demands of migration?

Hypothesis: The timing of this molt - usually once a year but sometimes twice - varies with some species molting prior to moving to their winter grounds and others molting prior to returning to their breeding grounds.


Premise: The Rajasthan economy is largely composed of what type of industries?

Hypothesis: Rajasthan's economy is primarily agricultural and pastoral.


Premise: What event produced an expansion of the British cotton industry?

Hypothesis: The advent of the Industrial Revolution in Britain provided a great boost to cotton manufacture, as textiles emerged as Britain's leading export.


Premise: What will often add bopomofo phonetic symbols?

Hypothesis: Taiwanese political posters, movie posters etc. will often add the bopomofo phonetic symbols next to such a character.


Premise: In 1979, how much did the average per capita income change for Libyans?

Hypothesis: It proved an economic success; while gross domestic product had been $3.8 billion in 1969, it had risen to $13.7 billion in 1974, and $24.5 billion in 1979.


Premise: In late Chinese dynasties red was used only on what kind of architecture?

Hypothesis: Red was also featured in Chinese Imperial architecture.


Premise: Who was believed to have prevented this from occurring to Mary ?

Hypothesis: Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth.


Premise: In what year did the Ottomans destroy Limassol?

Hypothesis: Following the death in 1473 of James II, the last Lusignan king, the Republic of Venice assumed control of the island, while the late king's Venetian widow, Queen Catherine Cornaro, reigned as figurehead.


Premise: What was Nigeria's population density in 2009?

Hypothesis: The United Nations estimates that the population in 2009 was at 154,729,000, distributed as 51.7% rural and 48.3% urban, and with a population density of 167.5 people per square kilometre.


Premise: What became more intense in the 1970's in Estonia?

Hypothesis: When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one).


Premise: Along with uranyl formate, what product of uranium is used in transmission electron microscopy?

Hypothesis: Uranyl acetate and uranyl formate are used as electron-dense "stains" in transmission electron microscopy, to increase the contrast of biological specimens in ultrathin sections and in negative staining of viruses, isolated cell organelles and macromolecules.


Premise: What was the forum suspicious of?

Hypothesis: The forum was suspicious of plots against Bolivia and other countries, including Cuba, Venezuela, Ecuador, Paraguay and Nicaragua.


Premise: What were the perceived problems with the new Windows 8 user interface?

Hypothesis: Although reaction towards its performance improvements, security enhancements, and improved support for touchscreen devices was positive, the new user interface of the operating system was widely criticized for being potentially confusing and difficult to learn (especially when used with a keyboard and mouse instead of a touchscreen).


Premise: When was the Barcelona team become Spanish football champions for the 22nd time?

Hypothesis: On 11 May 2013 Barcelona were crowned as the Spanish football champions for the 22nd time, still with four games left to play.


Premise: When did Musharraf arrest Maulana Masood Azhar?

Hypothesis: In 2002, the Musharraf-led government took a firm stand against the jihadi organizations and groups promoting extremism, and arrested Maulana Masood Azhar, head of the Jaish-e-Mohammed, and Hafiz Muhammad Saeed, chief of the Lashkar-e-Taiba, and took dozens of activists into custody.


Premise: What ethnic group was deported by the Ottoman Government from eastern Anatolia?

Hypothesis: Large-scale massacres were also committed against the Empire's Greek and Assyrian minorities as part of the same campaign of ethnic cleansing.


Premise: In relation to the sampling frequency, the frequency reproduction is strictly how much less?

Hypothesis: MPEG-2.5 Audio Layer III is restricted to bit rates of 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56 and 64 kbit/s with sampling frequencies of 8, 11.025, and 12 kHz.[citation needed]


Premise: For whose benefit was the first of these concerts performed for on 2 April 1833?

Hypothesis: The first, on 2 April 1833, was at a benefit concert organized by Hector Berlioz for his bankrupt Shakespearean actress wife Harriet Smithson, during which they played George Onslow's Sonata in F minor for piano duet.


Premise: What year was the 73rd AES Convention?

Hypothesis: In 1983, following the CD's introduction, Immink and Braat presented the first experiments with erasable compact discs during the 73rd AES Convention.


Premise: What was one of the first times the Supreme Court tried a case regarding nondelegation?

Hypothesis: While Chief Justice John Marshall conceded that the determination of rules of procedure was a legislative function, he distinguished between "important" subjects and mere details.


Premise: Who describes the "Evil Quartet"?

Hypothesis: Jared Diamond describes an "Evil Quartet" of habitat destruction, overkill, introduced species, and secondary extinctions.


Premise: On November 3, 2008, who predicted extremely weak GDP growth for the Eurozone in 2009?

Hypothesis: On November 6, the IMF at Washington, D.C., launched numbers predicting a worldwide recession by −0.3% for 2009, averaged over the developed economies.


Premise: What are replication origins?

Hypothesis: The manner in which DNA is stored on the histones, as well as chemical modifications of the histone itself, regulate whether a particular region of DNA is accessible for gene expression.


Premise: Starting in 1980 how many gallons of chemicals did IBM pump into the air?

Hypothesis: Also, from 1980, IBM has pumped out 78,000 gallons of chemicals, including trichloroethane, freon, benzene and perchloroethene to the air and allegedly caused several cancer cases among the townspeople.


Premise: How is sunlight converted into electricity?

Hypothesis: PV converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.


Premise: Self-image, self-esteem, and individuality relate to what?

Hypothesis: Consequently, Weinreich gives the definition "A person's identity is defined as the totality of one's self-construal, in which how one construes oneself in the present expresses the continuity between how one construes oneself as one was in the past and how one construes oneself as one aspires to be in the future"; this allows for definitions of aspects of identity, such as: "One's ethnic identity is defined as that part of the totality of one's self-construal made up of those dimensions that express the continuity between one's construal of past ancestry and one's future aspirations in relation to ethnicity" (Weinreich, 1986a).


Premise: What was the result of the use of this release of 78 rpm vinyl when used in vintage jukeboxes?

Hypothesis: This was a disaster because Rhino did not warn customers that their records were made of vinyl, and that the vintage 78 RPM juke boxes were designed with heavy tone arms and steel needles to play the hard shellac records of their time.


Premise: What other beginnings of origination do some of the last names of the Greeks share ?

Hypothesis: Although surnames in mainland Greece are static today, dynamic and changing patronymic usage survives in middle names where the genitive of father's first name is commonly the middle name (this usage having been passed on to the Russians).


Premise: What element is considered the lightest?

Hypothesis: Hydrogen is a chemical element with chemical symbol H and atomic number 1.


Premise: What does SDK stand for?

Hypothesis: Apple has not publicly released a software development kit (SDK) for iPod-specific development.


Premise: The US Supreme Court ruled that treaties can be repealed or modified by what for the purposes of US law?

Hypothesis: The Supreme Court also ruled in Reid v. Covert that any treaty provision that conflicts with the Constitution are null and void under U.S. law.


Premise: What army were Korean men conscripted into?

Hypothesis: By 1942, Korean men were being conscripted into the Imperial Japanese Army.


Premise: Although a proclaimed atheist, who was it that said "the word 'God' is to me a sound conveying no clear or distinct affirmation"?

Hypothesis: The nineteenth-century English atheist Charles Bradlaugh declared that he refused to say "There is no God", because "the word 'God' is to me a sound conveying no clear or distinct affirmation"; he said more specifically that he disbelieved in the Christian god.


Premise: During World War II, the Soviet double agent who was corresponding for The Times in Spain in the 1930s later joined what agency?

Hypothesis: He later joined MI6 during World War II, was promoted into senior positions after the war ended, then eventually defected to the Soviet Union in 1963.


Premise: Which person was a former comrade to Ted Striker in the film Airplane!?

Hypothesis: The song also was prominent in the movie Rudy, with Sean Astin as Daniel "Rudy" Ruettiger, who harbored dreams of playing football at the University of Notre Dame despite significant obstacles.


Premise: What does Israel argue Western civilization was based on until the 1650s?

Hypothesis: He instead focuses on the history of ideas in the period from 1650 to the end of the 18th century, and claims that it was the ideas themselves that caused the change that eventually led to the revolutions of the latter half of the 18th century and the early 19th century.


Premise: Who came up with an explanation of the origins of London's name that contradicted earlier assumptions

Hypothesis: Richard Coates put forward an explanation in 1998 that it is derived from the pre-Celtic Old European


Premise: What type of structures remaining today have the largest amount of examples of the Gothic style?

Hypothesis: These range from tiny chapels to large cathedrals, and although many have been extended and altered in different styles, a large number remain either substantially intact or sympathetically restored, demonstrating the form, character and decoration of Gothic architecture.


Premise: Despite not having a good beach, what decade saw  Southampton become popular for sea bathing?

Hypothesis: It had also become a popular site for sea bathing by the 1760s, despite the lack of a good quality beach.


Premise: Who kept Muravyev informed about the Turks at Kar?

Hypothesis: In late September he learned of the fall of Sevastopol and a Turkish landing at Batum.


Premise: What state House bill would change Oklahoma's motto to 'Oklahoma - In God We Trust'?

Hypothesis: The House passed HCR 1024, which will change the state motto from "Labor Omnia Vincit" to "Oklahoma-In God We Trust!"


Premise: How long does a wrestler have to get themselves free of the hold?

Hypothesis: Most holds leave an arm or leg free, so that the person can tap out if they want.


Premise: How many parts did the Gregorian calendar reform have?

Hypothesis: The Gregorian reform contained two parts: a reform of the Julian calendar as used prior to Pope Gregory XIII's time and a reform of the lunar cycle used by the Church, with the Julian calendar, to calculate the date of Easter.


Premise: What is the term for a relationship where one organism provides a dwelling for the other?

Hypothesis: Examples of metabiosis are hermit crabs using gastropod shells to protect their bodies and spiders building their webs on plants.


Premise: What job did the Clerk of the Parliaments have during assention notifications?

Hypothesis: The Clerk of the Parliaments, standing on the sovereign's left, responded by stating the appropriate Norman French formula.


Premise: Whos flag officially is a red rose on a white field?

Hypothesis: When an attempt was made to register it with the Flag Institute it was found that it was officially registered by Montrose in Scotland, several hundred years earlier with the Lyon Office.


Premise: What year were Durium records no longer released in the US?

Hypothesis: Although inexpensive and commercially successful at first, they soon fell victim to the Great Depression and production in the US ended in 1932.


Premise: Who was a Queen of Egypt during the time when Punt and Egypt were close?

Hypothesis: The pyramidal structures, temples and ancient houses of dressed stone littered around Somalia are said to date from this period.


Premise: What area was initially not apart of the Federal Republic of Germany?

Hypothesis: The creation of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 was through the unification of the western states (which were previously under American, British, and French administration) created in the aftermath of World War II.


Premise: What is the name of the multi-stage international cycling event held throughout Eritrea?

Hypothesis: The Eritrea national cycling team has experienced a lot of success, winning the continental cycling championship several years in a row.


Premise: Where did the water come from for the creation of the first salt water taffy?

Hypothesis: Bradley's mother was in the back of the store when the sale was made, and loved the name, and so salt water taffy was born.


Premise: What can forged meteoric iron make?

Hypothesis: Meteoric iron could be forged from a red heat to make objects such as tools, weapons, and nails.


Premise: Between 1892-1924, how many immigrants came through Ellis Island?

Hypothesis: Throughout its history, the city has been a major port of entry for immigrants into the United States; more than 12 million European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924.


Premise: Ritchie Blackmore and Randy Rhoads play what instrument?

Hypothesis: Numerous examples show influence in the opposite direction, including popular songs based on classical music, the use to which Pachelbel's Canon has been put since the 1970s, and the musical crossover phenomenon, where classical musicians have achieved success in the popular music arena.


Premise: What large site is run by Yale, in conjunction with New Haven and the state, situated three blocks away from Yale's Science hill campus?

Hypothesis: The city, state and Yale together run Science Park, a large site three blocks northwest of Yale's Science Hill campus.


Premise: What was the focal depth of the quake?

Hypothesis: The epicenter was 80 kilometres (50 mi) west-northwest of Chengdu, the provincial capital, with a focal depth of 19 km (12 mi).


Premise: With what religious movement do many Puerto Ricans in New Haven associate?

Hypothesis: There is a growing number of (mostly Puerto Rican) Pentecostals as well.


Premise: Water striders are part of what insect family?

Hypothesis: A few species of ocean-skaters in the genus Halobates even live on the surface of open oceans, a habitat that has few insect species.


Premise: Who conquered Kangara?

Hypothesis: Mahmud Ghaznavi conquered Kangra at the beginning of the 10th century.