Premise: In what century did differences among human groups become a focus of science?

Hypothesis: In the 18th century the differences among human groups became a focus of scientific investigation.


Premise: What percentage of Australia's cotton crop was GM in 2009?

Hypothesis: The subsequent introduction of a second variety of GM cotton led to increases in GM cotton production until 95% of the Australian cotton crop was GM in 2009 making Australia the country with the fifth largest GM cotton crop in the world.


Premise: The Opera feed reader is more what?

Hypothesis: Most web browsers can display a list of web pages that the user has bookmarked so that the user can quickly return to them.


Premise: What did French police take from demonstrators?

Hypothesis: French police were criticised for their handling of the events, and notably for confiscating Tibetan flags from demonstrators.


Premise: Who eventually defeated the Arabs at Rajasthan?

Hypothesis: After several incursions, the Hindu kings east of Indus defeated the Arabs at the Battle of Rajasthan, halting their expansion and containing them at Sindh in Pakistan.


Premise: What has been designed to help with the gallery?

Hypothesis: It is planned that the new galleries will open in 2018.


Premise: Why is a methos that only produces two branches seen as inferior?

Hypothesis: He concluded that this outcome was unlikely to have occurred by chance, and that therefore, the method was tending to produce bipartite stemmas regardless of the actual history of the witnesses.


Premise: What happened to Edward Oxford to after he was found guilty of high treason?

Hypothesis: He was tried for high treason and found guilty, but was acquitted on the grounds of insanity.


Premise: Who was Roger Williams?

Hypothesis: The phrase "[A] hedge or wall of separation between the garden of the church and the wilderness of the world" was first used by Baptist theologian Roger Williams, the founder of the colony of Rhode Island, in his 1644 book The Bloody Tenent of Persecution.


Premise: On what date was the first self-sustained nuclear chain reaction created artificially?

Hypothesis: On 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1.


Premise: What disciplines does India want to introduce to madaris?

Hypothesis: This will enhance the education system of madaris in India.


Premise: When does a USB 2.0 hub operate in high speed mode?

Hypothesis: High-speed USB 2.0 hubs contain devices called transaction translators that convert between high-speed USB 2.0 buses and full and low speed buses.


Premise: In what year did the term humanism gain yet another layer of meaning?

Hypothesis: In 1808 Bavarian educational commissioner Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer coined the term Humanismus to describe the new classical curriculum he planned to offer in German secondary schools, and by 1836 the word "humanism" had been absorbed into the English language in this sense.


Premise: Why are some glaciers stagnant in Alaska?

Hypothesis: In other cases, glaciers can move as fast as 20–30 m (70–100 ft) per day, such as in Greenland's Jakobshavn Isbræ (Greenlandic: Sermeq Kujalleq).


Premise: How can climate changes be determined from soil?

Hypothesis: Plant responses to climate and other environmental changes can inform our understanding of how these changes affect ecosystem function and productivity.


Premise: Who was Apollo's mother?

Hypothesis: A non-Greek origin of Apollo has long been assumed in scholarship.


Premise: Because of sovereignty when may a state withdrawal from a treaty?

Hypothesis: In practice, because of sovereignty, any state can withdraw from any treaty at any time.


Premise: How lond did the creation of Red Book CD-DA standard take?

Hypothesis: The unified design of the compact disc allowed consumers to purchase any disc or player from any company, and allowed the CD to dominate the at-home music market unchallenged.


Premise: How was the Enlightenment known in French?

Hypothesis: The Enlightenment – known in French as the Siècle des Lumières, the Century of Enlightenment, and in German as the Aufklärung – was a philosophical movement which dominated the world of ideas in Europe in the 18th century.


Premise: What does Teheran, Isfahan, Mashhad, and Shiraz have in common?

Hypothesis: The majority of the 300,000 tourist visas granted in 2003 were obtained by Asian Muslims, who presumably intended to visit important pilgrimage sites in Mashhad and Qom.


Premise: What do NPOs that center around community usually focus on?

Hypothesis: Typically, community-serving organizations are focused on providing services to the community in general, either globally or locally: organizations delivering human services programs or projects, aid and development programs, medical research, education and health services, and so on.


Premise: How does man first perceive features of an object?

Hypothesis: Thus, the philosopher's connection between the soul and body is explained almost entirely by his understanding of perception; in this way, bodily perception interrelates with the immaterial human intellect.


Premise: What is the most commonly practiced religion in the Congo?

Hypothesis: Followers of Islam make up 1.6%, and this is primarily due to an influx of foreign workers into the urban centers.


Premise: According to Dibben, what are the benefits of applying process metaphysics to examining management and business administration as a component of social science?

Hypothesis: One of the leading figures having an explicitly Whiteheadian and panexperientialist stance towards management is Mark Dibben, who works in what he calls "applied process thought" to articulate a philosophy of management and business administration as part of a wider examination of the social sciences through the lens of process metaphysics.


Premise: Where else reported Slavic settlements?

Hypothesis: The Byzantine records note that grass would not regrow in places where the Slavs had marched through,


Premise: What phase of empiricism ended in the 1940s?

Hypothesis: Remember that the translating or paraphrasing statement must be couched in terms of normal observers in normal conditions of observation.


Premise: What is the busiest cruise port in the world?

Hypothesis: The Port of Miami is the world's busiest cruise port, and MIA is the busiest airport in Florida, and the largest gateway between the United States and Latin America.


Premise: What style of claim did Romans favor as a link to the gods?

Hypothesis: Just as Rome itself claimed the favour of the gods, so did some individual Romans.


Premise: What battle took place on 10 November 1444?

Hypothesis: On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland (also King of Hungary) and John Hunyadi at the Battle of Varna, the final battle of the Crusade of Varna, although Albanians under Skanderbeg continued to resist.


Premise: What was the name of the doctor who performed the surgery that ended up killing Donda West?

Hypothesis: Beverly Hills plastic surgeon Andre Aboolian had refused to do the surgery because West had a health condition that placed her at risk for a heart attack.


Premise: Who discovered that Victoria's new Munshi lied about his parentage?

Hypothesis: Equerry Frederick Ponsonby (the son of Sir Henry) discovered that the Munshi had lied about his parentage, and reported to Lord Elgin, Viceroy of India, "the Munshi occupies very much the same position as John Brown used to do.


Premise: What is one of the education sectors according to the Framework Law?

Hypothesis: Students are admitted to these Institutes according to their performance at national level examinations taking place after completion of the third grade of Lykeio.


Premise: What term is used for predators and prey being well suited to hunt and evade each other?

Hypothesis: This is called an evolutionary arms race and tends to keep the populations of both species in equilibrium.


Premise: When is Slovak morphology more regular than Czech?

Hypothesis: Slovak has slightly more borrowed words than Czech.


Premise: How many teams were there in the 2015 season?

Hypothesis: Starting 2016, each conference will have only four teams as the champion San Jose SaberCats announced in November 2015 that they were ceasing activity for "reasons not associated with League operations."


Premise: When was the mosaic at the Nea Moni Monastery destroyed?

Hypothesis: The Nea Moni Monastery on Chios was established by Constantine Monomachos in 1043–1056.


Premise: Under who's reign was the construction of Notre Dame Cathedral?

Hypothesis: In 1163, during the reign of Louis VII, Maurice de Sully, bishop of Paris, undertook the construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral at its eastern extremity.


Premise: What mountain range is east of Tucson?

Hypothesis: The highest point in the area is Mount Wrightson, found in the Santa Rita Mountains at 9,453 ft (2,881 m) above sea level.


Premise: What caused the loss to Steaua Bucuresti in Seville?

Hypothesis: The next season, he took the team to their second European Cup final, only to lose on penalties to Steaua Bucureşti during a dramatic evening in Seville.


Premise: What degree program did Whitehead contribute to establishing at University of London?

Hypothesis: Whitehead was able to exert his newfound influence to successfully lobby for a new history of science department, help establish a Bachelor of Science degree (previously only Bachelor of Arts degrees had been offered), and make the school more accessible to less wealthy students.


Premise: What effect did  having taxes charged at a fixed amount have on it's revenue?

Hypothesis: As a result, the tax revenues collected by the samurai landowners were worth less and less over time.


Premise: How many sq ft of showroom space is included in the Atlantic City Convention Center?

Hypothesis: Boardwalk Hall was Atlantic City's primary convention center until the opening of the Atlantic City Convention Center in 1997.


Premise: What type of competition is a major feature of the festival?

Hypothesis: A major feature is the calypso competition.


Premise: When was Chosrje Shākya Yeshes sent to Nanjing?

Hypothesis: Rossabi writes that Tsongkhapa did not want to entirely alienate the Ming court, so he sent his disciple Chosrje Shākya Yeshes to Nanjing in 1414 on his behalf, and upon his arrival in 1415 the Yongle Emperor bestowed upon him the title of "State Teacher"—the same title earlier awarded the Phagmodrupa ruler of Tibet.


Premise: What is an example of a country that has no levies collected?

Hypothesis: Rights-holder compensation takes various forms, depending on the country, but is generally either a levy on "recording" devices and media, or a tax on the content itself.


Premise: What was necessary for testing in schools applying to the RIBA Board?

Hypothesis: The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (1986) has a section on the "Statutory registration of architects" with a bibliography extending from a draft bill of 1887 to one of 1969.


Premise: How many worldwide album sales has Kelly Clarkson had since winning Idol?

Hypothesis: Both Clarkson and Guarini made a musical film, From Justin to Kelly, which was released in 2003 but was widely panned.


Premise: Who can temporarily be assigned the Health Serviced Group?

Hypothesis: With few exceptions, all elements are under command of the Surgeon General for domestic support and force generation, or temporarily assigned under command of a deployed Joint Task Force through Canadian Joint Operations Command.


Premise: What does DNT stand for?

Hypothesis: An international bus station, the Tres Cruces Bus Terminal, is located on the lower level of the Tres Cruces Shopping Center, on the side of Artigas Boulevard.


Premise: When did the Kamakura Bakufu Shogunate open?

Hypothesis: no Yoritomo opened the Kamakura Bakufu Shogunate in 1192.


Premise: What city hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics Sailing regatta?

Hypothesis: Estonia's best results were being ranked 13th in the medal table at the 1936 Summer Olympics, and 12th at the 2006 Winter Olympics.


Premise: In the 1920s, who was the person who developed mechanical differential analyzers?

Hypothesis: In 1876 Lord Kelvin had already discussed the possible construction of such calculators, but he had been stymied by the limited output torque of the ball-and-disk integrators.


Premise: What replaced the fallen empires of the 19th century?

Hypothesis: In the 20th century after decades of intense warfare and political turmoil terms such as "Near East", "Far East" and "Middle East" were relegated to the experts, especially in the new field of political science.


Premise: What is Nigeria's debt-to-GDP ratio?

Hypothesis: As of 2015[update], Nigeria is the world's 20th largest economy, worth more than $500 billion and $1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity respectively.


Premise: How does heartwood formation occur due to its being genetically programmed?

Hypothesis: Heartwood formation occurs spontaneously (it is a genetically programmed process).


Premise: Who said social norms and material possesions were unnatural and useless?

Hypothesis: Cynics such as Diogenes of Sinope rejected all material possessions and social conventions (nomos) as unnatural and useless.


Premise: Who is the developer of Eddy Street Commons?

Hypothesis: The first phase of Eddy Street Commons, a $215 million development located adjacent to the University of Notre Dame campus and funded by the university, broke ground on June 3, 2008.


Premise: In what month and year did the United States remove its military bases from Libya?

Hypothesis: The British left in March and the Americans in June 1970.


Premise: Who was the first President to address the NAACP?

Hypothesis: In June, Truman became the first president to address the NAACP.


Premise: What unit is named after Bell?

Hypothesis: The bel (B) and the smaller decibel (dB) are units of measurement of sound intensity invented by Bell Labs and named after him.


Premise: What cultures influenced Nepal in the later Malla era?

Hypothesis: Evidence of an influx of ideas from India, Tibet, China, Persia, and Europe among other places can be found in a stone inscription from the time of king Pratap Malla.


Premise: In what year did GlaxoSmithKline pay a $3 billion dollar settlement?

Hypothesis: The settlement is related to the company's illegal promotion of prescription drugs, its failure to report safety data, bribing doctors, and promoting medicines for uses for which they were not licensed.


Premise: What can a citizen of Georgia not be compelled to do?

Hypothesis: No one religious society shall ever be established in this state, in preference to another; nor shall any person be denied the enjoyment of any civil right merely on account of his religious principles."


Premise: What country was Queen Victoria's manservant with whom she was rumored to have a romantic interest?

Hypothesis: Slanderous rumours of a romantic connection and even a secret marriage appeared in print, and the Queen was referred to as "Mrs. Brown".


Premise: Which was the most widely used script by copyists in the 11th century?

Hypothesis: Beginning in the 11th century, the styles of writing employed were primarily the naskh, muhaqqaq, rayḥānī and, on rarer occasions, the thuluth script.


Premise: Who could wear a emblem of two crossed silver oak leaves?

Hypothesis: Any individual made a member of the Order for gallantry could wear an emblem of two crossed silver oak leaves on the same riband, ribbon or bow as the badge.


Premise: What decoy city was hit

Hypothesis: The Chew Magna decoy town was hit by half-a-dozen bombs on 2 December 1940, and over a thousand incendiaries on 3 January 1941.


Premise: Who was fighting for Tmutarakan following Yarsolav's death?

Hypothesis: The rivaling Principality of Polotsk was contesting the power of the Grand Prince by occupying Novgorod, while Rostislav Vladimirovich was fighting for the Black Sea port of Tmutarakan belonging to Chernihiv.[citation needed]


Premise: Who suggested research into the possibility of a Greek nuclear power plant should begin?

Hypothesis: Greece currently does not have any nuclear power plants in operation, however in 2009 the Academy of Athens suggested that research in the possibility of Greek nuclear power plants begin.


Premise: What was manufactured completely from petrochemicals?

Hypothesis: Nylon, the first fiber synthesized entirely from petrochemicals, was introduced as a sewing thread by DuPont in 1936, followed by DuPont's acrylic in 1944.


Premise: The influence of Kabbalah is seen in which album?

Hypothesis: Madonna is dedicated to Kabbalah, and in 2004 she adopted the name Esther which in Persian means "star".


Premise: Where did millennia of coexistence produce a culture with advanced agricultural and social patterns?

Hypothesis: An example of such a cultural area is Mesoamerica, where millennia of coexistence and shared development among the peoples of the region produced a fairly homogeneous culture with complex agricultural and social patterns.


Premise: In what year did Kathmandu create its initial international relationship?

Hypothesis: KMC's first international relationship was established in 1975 with the city of Eugene, Oregon, United States.


Premise: What do some friendlies change the rules to make unlimited?

Hypothesis: There is generally nothing competitive at stake and some rules may be changed or experimented with (such as unlimited substitutions, which allow teams to play younger, less experienced, players, and no cards).


Premise: The Buddha Jayanti Park is located in which Indian city?

Hypothesis: The largest of these include Buddha Jayanti Park and the historic Lodi Gardens.


Premise: What produces a representation of digital data that decompresses?

Hypothesis: Compression ratios are around 50–60% of original size, which is similar to those for generic lossless data compression.


Premise: How long is the term for the Chairman of the Supervisory Board?

Hypothesis: In such cases, the representatives are together considered as one member for the purposes of the voting procedure.


Premise: When did militaristic Boulangism collapse?

Hypothesis: Datta examines how writers and critics of the Belle Époque exploited the Napoleonic legend for diverse political and cultural ends.


Premise: Sumerians used number systems which included what alternating bases?

Hypothesis: This sexagesimal system became the standard number system in Sumer and Babylonia.


Premise: What standard of living does Estonia rank well in?

Hypothesis: Estonia is often described as one of the most internet-focused countries in Europe.


Premise: When was the Armenian Reform package introduced?

Hypothesis: The Armenians living in the empire hoped that the Committee of Union and Progress would change their second-class status.


Premise: What bridge connects Cornwall to Plymouth via the A38?

Hypothesis: The A38 dual-carriageway runs from east to west across the north of the city.


Premise: How many groups does the Directorate of Analysis have for transnational issues?

Hypothesis: It has four regional analytic groups, six groups for transnational issues, and three focus on policy, collection, and staff support.


Premise: Who attacks the village?

Hypothesis: One day, the village is attacked by Bulblins, who carry off the village's children with Link in pursuit before he encounters a wall of Twilight.


Premise: What is another name for Cabinda?

Hypothesis: To the south and east of it is the Democratic Republic of Congo.


Premise: What was Chicago's Purple Line train route named after?

Hypothesis: The Chicago Transit Authority's elevated train running through Evanston is called the Purple Line, taking its name from Northwestern's school color.


Premise: Which competitions does the Club Competitions Committee have a say in?

Hypothesis: The European Club Association is responsible for electing three members to UEFA's Club Competitions Committee, which is involved in the operations of UEFA competitions such as the Champions League and UEFA Europa League.


Premise: Which of Virgil's works was said by some to have predicted Jesus' birth?

Hypothesis: From at least the 3rd century, Christian thinkers interpreted Eclogues 4, which describes the birth of a boy ushering in a golden age, as a prediction of Jesus' birth.


Premise: What did Space Binding make possible for the ancient Egyptian civilizations?

Hypothesis: His famous example of this is using ancient Egypt and looking at the ways they built themselves out of media with very different properties stone and papyrus.


Premise: What is the process by which green plants convert solar energy to stored energy?

Hypothesis: By photosynthesis green plants convert solar energy into chemically stored energy, which produces food, wood and the biomass from which fossil fuels are derived.


Premise: What two airways are most effected by asthma?

Hypothesis: Asthma is the result of chronic inflammation of the conducting zone of the airways (most especially the bronchi and bronchioles), which subsequently results in increased contractability of the surrounding smooth muscles.


Premise: What is the name of the city-state that contains Bremen and Bremerhaven?

Hypothesis: Since today's Germany was formed from an earlier collection of several states, it has a federal constitution, and the constituent states retain a measure of sovereignty.


Premise: How many votes were cast by season ten for all contestants?

Hypothesis: Over 110 million votes were cast in the first season, and by season ten the seasonal total had increased to nearly 750 million.


Premise: In what age did the sound patterns that distinguish Germanic languages develop?

Hypothesis: All Germanic languages are united by subjection to the sound shifts of Grimm's law and Verner's law which originated in the Proto-Germanic language and define the basic differentiating features from other Indo-European languages.


Premise: Which court case featured an unprecedented and controversial decision?

Hypothesis: Some opponents further claim that affirmative action has undesirable side-effects and that it fails to achieve its goals.


Premise: What nature center was cutoff?

Hypothesis: Initially, officials were unable to contact the Wolong National Nature Reserve, home to around 280 giant pandas.


Premise: Prisoners from which battle are thought to have helped Muslims learn to write?

Hypothesis: According to hadith and Muslim history, after Muhammad immigrated to Medina and formed an independent Muslim community, he ordered many of his companions to recite the Quran and to learn and teach the laws, which were revealed daily.


Premise: Who granted Imperial close to 170 million pounds in grants?

Hypothesis: Key sources of income included £329.5 million from research grants and contracts (2011/12 – £313.9 million), £186.3 million from academic fees and support grants (2011/12 – £163.1 million), £168.9 million from Funding Council grants (2011/12 – £172.4 million) and £12.5 million from endowment and investment income (2011/12 – £8.1 million).


Premise: What system deemed non-Muslims subjects of the empire but unbound by Muslim law?

Hypothesis: Also, as the largest group of non-Muslim subjects (or zimmi) of the Islamic Ottoman state, the Orthodox millet was granted a number of special privileges in the fields of politics and commerce, and had to pay higher taxes than Muslim subjects.


Premise: Which guitarist inspired Queen?

Hypothesis: At their outset in the early 1970s, Queen's music has been characterised as "Led Zeppelin meets Yes" due to its combination of "acoustic/electric guitar extremes and fantasy-inspired multi-part song epics".


Premise: How many Bf 109s were lost?

Hypothesis: Over the next few days weather was poor and the next main effort would not be made until 15 September 1940.


Premise: According to Reporters Without Borders, where doesn't a single foreign news correspondent live?

Hypothesis: According to the BBC, "Eritrea is the only African country to have no privately owned news media", and Reporters Without Borders said of the public media, "[they] do nothing but relay the regime's belligerent and ultra-nationalist discourse. ...


Premise: In what year did the British Empire replace the Maratha Empire?

Hypothesis: The Mughal Empire continued to weaken, and with the decline of the Mughal Empire in the 18th century, Rajputana came under the suzerainty of the Marathas.


Premise: What Eurpoean university practices are considered to be adapted from madaris?

Hypothesis: Some of the practices now common in modern universities which Makdisi and Goddard trace back to an Islamic root include "practices such as delivering inaugural lectures, wearing academic robes, obtaining doctorates by defending a thesis, and even the idea of academic freedom are also modelled on Islamic custom."


Premise: What type of birth complications did Madonna suffer at birth?

Hypothesis: She met director Guy Ritchie, who would become her second husband, in November 1998 and gave birth to their son Rocco John Ritchie on August 11, 2000 in Los Angeles.


Premise: Who creates sustainability practices at Yale?

Hypothesis: Yale was listed as a Campus Sustainability Leader on the Sustainable Endowments Institute’s College Sustainability Report Card 2008, and received a "B+" grade overall.


Premise: What does the decline in value of the dollar correspond to?

Hypothesis: A graph showing the U.S. CPI relative to 1982–1984 and the annual year-over-year change in CPI is shown at right.


Premise: How much global GDP did emerging and developing economies account for from 2007 to 2014?

Hypothesis: The International Monetary Fund found that "advanced" economies accounted for only 31% of global GDP while emerging and developing economies accounted for 69% of global GDP from 2007 to 2014.


Premise: Does minority leader act solely to advance party objectives?

Hypothesis: The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that he or she can employ to advance minority party objectives.


Premise: What did they rely less and less on?

Hypothesis: This regional adaptations would become the norm, with reliance less on hunting and gathering, with a more mixed economy of small game, fish, seasonally wild vegetables and harvested plant foods.


Premise: Who decided to remove the 1945 entrance stipulation?

Hypothesis: The statute was removed after the intervention of Prime Minister Harold Macmillan in the 1960s after it came to the attention of Oxford's Wykeham Professor of Logic, A. J. Ayer, himself Jewish and an Old Etonian, who "suspected a whiff of anti-semitism".


Premise: What can be important in a wrestler's career?

Hypothesis: In general, a wrestler with multiple title reigns or an extended title reign is indicative of a wrestler's ability to maintain audience interest and/or a wrestler's ability to perform in the ring.


Premise: What is Pantheism?

Hypothesis: Pantheism holds that God is the universe and the universe is God, whereas Panentheism holds that God contains, but is not identical to, the Universe.


Premise: What is the benefit of external views of data?

Hypothesis: While there is typically only one conceptual (or logical) and physical (or internal) view of the data, there can be any number of different external views.


Premise: What type of LEDs are available in seven-segment format?

Hypothesis: Alphanumeric LEDs are available in seven-segment, starburst and dot-matrix format.


Premise: What group of islands might have been Bikini Atoll or Enewetak?

Hypothesis: On October 1, he found another group of islands where he went ashore for eight days, exchanged gifts with the local inhabitants and took on water.


Premise: What kind of company does ANTEL run?

Hypothesis: The most important state-owned companies headquartered in Montevideo are: AFE (railways), ANCAP (Energy), Administracion Nacional de Puertos (Ports), ANTEL (telecommunications), BHU (savings and loan), BROU (bank), BSE (insurance), OSE (water & sewage), UTE (electricity).


Premise: Who was executed on October 30, 2012?

Hypothesis: Idaho ended its de facto moratorium, during which only one volunteer had been executed, on November 18, 2011 by executing Paul Ezra Rhoades; South Dakota executed Donald Moeller on October 30, 2012, ending a de facto moratorium during which only two volunteers had been executed.


Premise: In what year was the Nationalist Party of Australia formed?

Hypothesis: The Commonwealth Liberal Party merged with several Labor dissidents (including Billy Hughes) to form the Nationalist Party of Australia in 1917.


Premise: Psychological anthropology examines how our models of social processes are informed by what?

Hypothesis: This subfield tends to focus on ways in which humans' development and enculturation within a particular cultural group—with its own history, language, practices, and conceptual categories—shape processes of human cognition, emotion, perception, motivation, and mental health.


Premise: How much was the total investment in renewable energy in 2012?

Hypothesis: Total investment in renewable energy (including small hydro-electric projects) was $244 billion in 2012, down 12% from 2011 mainly due to dramatically lower solar prices and weakened US and EU markets.


Premise: What do historians and researches argue about concerning the emotional and affectionate activities?

Hypothesis: Also, many modern and historic cultures have formal ceremonies expressing long-term commitment between same-sex friends, even though homosexuality itself is taboo within the cultures.


Premise: When did the Italian Navy first attack Valencia?

Hypothesis: On 13 January 1937 the city was first shelled by a vessel of the Fascist Italian Navy, which was blockading the port by the order of Benito Mussolini.


Premise: When was the Chrysler building built in NYC?

Hypothesis: The Art Deco style of the Chrysler Building (1930) and Empire State Building (1931), with their tapered tops and steel spires, reflected the zoning requirements.


Premise: How popular is the branch of Lutheranism?

Hypothesis: Today, Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism.


Premise: Who was the winner for this season?

Hypothesis: Do I Make You Proud" was released as Hicks' first single and McPhee's


Premise: Which channel would not work in conjunction with AC-3 audio?

Hypothesis: A disc that included AC-3 audio forfeited the right analog audio channel to the modulated AC-3 RF stream.


Premise: What country has Estonian as its official language?

Hypothesis: It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.


Premise: in What year did Quiroga complete his pacification?

Hypothesis: These included Jinapsan, Umatac, Pago, Agat and Inarajan, where he built a number of churches.:79 By July 1695, Quiroga had completed the pacification process in Guam, Rota, Tinian and Aguigan.:85


Premise: What was used in AA mountings on both land and water?

Hypothesis: Machine guns in AA mountings was used both ashore and afloat.


Premise: Modern dog breeds are what type of classification which is maintained by modern kennel clubs?

Hypothesis: While all dogs are genetically very similar, natural selection and selective breeding have reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs, giving rise to dog types and dog breeds.


Premise: Which Indianised kingdom was based in eastern java?

Hypothesis: The Majapahit Empire was an Indianised kingdom based in eastern Java from 1293 to around 1500.


Premise: What country did Montini visit as Cardinal?

Hypothesis: After his journey, John XXIII gave him a private audience on his trip which lasted for several hours.


Premise: What types of instruments are present on his fourth album?

Hypothesis: Drawing inspiration from artists such as Gary Numan, TJ Swan and Boy George, and maintaining a "minimal but functional" approach towards the album's studio production, West explored the electronic feel produced by Auto-Tune and utilized the sounds created by the 808, manipulating its pitch to produce a distorted, electronic sound; he then sought to juxtapose mechanical sounds with the traditional sounds of taiko drums and choir monks.


Premise: Which member of Austrian parliament wanted Schwarzenegger to lose his Austrian citizenship?

Hypothesis: In 2005, Peter Pilz, a member of the Austrian Parliament from the Austrian Green Party, demanded that Parliament revoke Schwarzenegger's Austrian citizenship due to his decision not to prevent the executions of Donald Beardslee and Stanley Williams, causing damage of reputation to Austria, where the death penalty has been abolished since 1968.


Premise: What word means polytechnic school in Finnish?

Hypothesis: Ammattikorkeakoulu is the common term in Finland, as is the Swedish alternative "yrkeshögskola" – their focus is on studies leading to a degree (for instance insinööri, engineer; in international use, Bachelor of Engineering) in kind different from but in level comparable to an academic bachelor's degree awarded by a university.


Premise: In what year did Thomas J. Watson, Sr. join CTR?

Hypothesis: Thomas J. Watson, Sr., fired from the National Cash Register Company by John Henry Patterson, called on Flint and, in 1914, was offered CTR.


Premise: Where did Stein graduate from?

Hypothesis: (Stein graduated from the Bronx High School of Science in 1959.)


Premise: What is the diameter of the center of Beltway 8?

Hypothesis: The innermost loop is Interstate 610, which encircles downtown, the medical center, and many core neighborhoods with around a 8-mile (13 km) diameter.


Premise: How many weeks did Mexican partisans hold San Diego before it was recaptured by Americans?

Hypothesis: Following the successful revolt in Los Angeles, the American garrison at San Diego was driven out without firing a shot in early October 1846.


Premise: What style came after Modernism?

Hypothesis: Architects such as Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson and Marcel Breuer worked to create beauty based on the inherent qualities of building materials and modern construction techniques, trading traditional historic forms for simplified geometric forms, celebrating the new means and methods made possible by the Industrial Revolution, including steel-frame construction, which gave birth to high-rise superstructures.


Premise: At the last census how many households had children under 18 in them?

Hypothesis: In 2013, the percentage of women who gave birth in the previous 12 months who were unmarried was 56 percent.


Premise: what style of music did afrika bambaataa play?

Hypothesis: Some made and played their own edits of their favorite songs on reel-to-reel tape, and sometimes mixed in effects, drum machines, and other rhythmic electronic instrumentation.


Premise: At what location did education begin for the first set of people to be eligible to earn and advanced degree in a particular subject ?

Hypothesis: The University of Constantinople was Christian Europe's first secular institution of higher learning since no theological subjects were taught, and considering the original meaning of the world university as a corporation of students, the world’s first university as well.


Premise: What was the city's unemployment rate in May 2011?

Hypothesis: Economic forecasts suggest that the city will continue its strong economic growth in the coming years not only in the "oceanic" industries mentioned above, but also in tourism and new home construction as the population continues to grow.


Premise: How can asymmetry of causation be observed?

Hypothesis: In short, such asymmetry is attributable to the relationship between temporal direction on the one hand and the implications of form and functional capacity on the other.


Premise: What is the headquarters of the MoD called?

Hypothesis: This structure is neoclassical in style and was originally built between 1938 and 1959 to designs by Vincent Harris to house the Air Ministry and the Board of Trade.


Premise: By the end of what century was cotton grown in the Americas and Asia?

Hypothesis: During the late medieval period, cotton became known as an imported fiber in northern Europe, without any knowledge of how it was derived, other than that it was a plant.


Premise: What is it called when relatives are favored over other people?

Hypothesis: Favoring relatives (nepotism) or personal friends (cronyism) of an official is a form of illegitimate private gain.


Premise: When were the Kallamaa prayers written?

Hypothesis: The book was a Lutheran manuscript, which never reached the reader and was destroyed immediately after publication.


Premise: Which system in the body controls urination?

Hypothesis: In addition to all of the above, the brain and spinal cord contain extensive circuitry to control the autonomic nervous system, which works by secreting hormones and by modulating the "smooth" muscles of the gut.


Premise: What was the last coin to be converted to the modern day style of having historic Americans on the face?

Hypothesis: The currency as we know it today did not get the faces they currently have until after the early 20th century; before that "heads" side of coinage used profile faces and striding, seated, and standing figures from Greek and Roman mythology and composite Native Americans.


Premise: It was thought that how many Chinese supporters would attend the torch relay?

Hypothesis: Up to 600 pro-Tibet protesters were expected to attend the relay, along with between 2,000 and 10,000 Chinese supporters.


Premise: What types of cities did the expansion of the great ruler inspire ?

Hypothesis: Many Greeks settled in Hellenistic cities like Alexandria, Antioch and Seleucia.


Premise: Who said he 'perfectly differed from Mr. Fox'?

Hypothesis: I did not then deliver my sentiments, I most perfectly differ from Mr. Fox & from the great Body of opposition on the French Revolution".


Premise: What is the span of years of the Middle Triassic?

Hypothesis: The Middle Triassic spans from 247 million to 237 million years ago.


Premise: Who bombarded the city of Strasbourg?

Hypothesis: During the Franco-Prussian War and the Siege of Strasbourg, the city was heavily bombarded by the Prussian army.


Premise: What are two prominent 360 exclusive franchises?

Hypothesis: The Xbox 360's advantage over its competitors was due to the release of high profile titles from both first party and third party developers.


Premise: Who wrote the biography of Whitehead?

Hypothesis: The two volume biography of Whitehead by Victor Lowe is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead.


Premise: What would happen if some didn't comply with the Nazi's with their demands?

Hypothesis: In 1938 the Nazis altered about one-third of the toponyms of the area, eliminating, Germanizing, or simplifying a number of Old Prussian names, as well as those Polish or Lithuanian names originating from colonists and refugees to Prussia during and after the Protestant Reformation.


Premise: What happens to a state's obligations under a treaty upon its withdrawal from the treaty?

Hypothesis: If a state party's withdrawal is successful, its obligations under that treaty are considered terminated, and withdrawal by one party from a bilateral treaty of course terminates the treaty.


Premise: In the 20th century most people practiced some form of what faith?

Hypothesis: In the early 21st century, many have adopted Islam, which is now practiced by 50% of the country's population.


Premise: When did Tito start promoting a peaceful resolution to the Arab-Israeli conflict?

Hypothesis: On 1 January 1967, Yugoslavia was the first communist country to open its borders to all foreign visitors and abolish visa requirements.


Premise: What schools had the biggest impact on the rising literacy rates in the Caliphate?

Hypothesis: the Caliphate experienced a growth in literacy, having the highest literacy rate of the Middle Ages, comparable to classical Athens' literacy in antiquity but on a much larger scale.


Premise: What did Claris rename the Informix Wingz spreadsheet program?

Hypothesis: When Claris was reincorporated back into Apple in 1998, ClarisWorks was renamed AppleWorks beginning with version 5.0.


Premise: What year was Harper Lee born?

Hypothesis: In 1950, Lee moved to New York City, where she worked as a reservation clerk for British Overseas Airways Corporation; there, she began writing a collection of essays and short stories about people in Monroeville.


Premise: For hydrogen what is the enthalpy of combustion?

Hypothesis: The enthalpy of combustion for hydrogen is −286 kJ/mol:


Premise: Until what event did the ancient methods of spinning and fabrication of cotton last?

Hypothesis: The Indus cotton industry was well-developed and some methods used in cotton spinning and fabrication continued to be used until the industrialization of India.


Premise: Who was forced to surrender to troops formed by forces of the Banda Oriental?

Hypothesis: On 3 February 1807, British troops under the command of General Samuel Auchmuty and Admiral Charles Stirling occupied the city during the Battle of Montevideo (1807), but it was recaptured by the Spanish in the same year on 2 September when John Whitelocke was forced to surrender to troops formed by forces of the Banda Oriental—roughly the same area as modern Uruguay—and of Buenos Aires.


Premise: In what decade was the ferry port built in Southampton to carry people to exotic destinations on the continent?

Hypothesis: However, a number of these relocated to Portsmouth and by 1996, there were no longer any car ferries operating from Southampton with the exception of services to the Isle of Wight.


Premise: Smartzone used what company's antivirus protection?

Hypothesis: The address book is Comcast Plaxo software.


Premise: When was John von Neumann's book, The Computer and the Brain published?

Hypothesis: The earliest attempts at cybernetics were somewhat crude in that they treated the brain as essentially a digital computer in disguise, as for example in John von Neumann's 1958 book, The Computer and the Brain.


Premise: What is the focus of the South Park?

Hypothesis: By relying on the city sub-center, which is under construction, the South Park is focusing on creating a modernized industrial park of science and technology with scientific and technological innovation, incubation R&D, modern service industry and Headquarters economy playing leading roles.


Premise: What are all states guaranteed by the federal government?

Hypothesis: The states are guaranteed military and civil defense by the federal government, which is also obliged by Article IV, Section Four, to "guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government".


Premise: Half the population of Jews live in what borough of New York City?

Hypothesis: Islam ranks third in New York City, with official estimates ranging between 600,000 and 1,000,000 observers and including 10% of the city's public schoolchildren, followed by Hinduism, Buddhism, and a variety of other religions, as well as atheism.


Premise: Tres Hombres is the name of an album by what band?

Hypothesis: Kiss built on the theatrics of Alice Cooper and the look of the New York Dolls to produce a unique band persona, achieving their commercial breakthrough with the double live album Alive!


Premise: What allows for the identification of birds, particularly between species?

Hypothesis: Birds sometimes use plumage to assess and assert social dominance, to display breeding condition in sexually selected species, or to make threatening displays, as in the sunbittern's mimicry of a large predator to ward off hawks and protect young chicks.


Premise: Who has painted murals all over the city?

Hypothesis: Many areas (e.g. Palacio Nacional and the National Institute of Cardiology) have murals painted by Diego Rivera.


Premise: When did Peirce die?

Hypothesis: Although Peirce severely criticized many elements of Descartes' peculiar brand of rationalism, he did not reject rationalism outright.


Premise: What part of Catholic ministry did Montini seek to reform?

Hypothesis: His goal was the re-introduction of faith to a city without much religion.


Premise: What effect did the 1936 Soviet Constitution have on the size of the Russia?

Hypothesis: With the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution on December 5, 1936, the size of the RSFSR was significantly reduced.


Premise: When did the 33 1/3 rpm hit the market?

Hypothesis: The 33 1⁄3 rpm LP (for "long-play") format was developed by Columbia Records and marketed in June 1948.


Premise: What author paid for the simple bench at Sullivan's Island?

Hypothesis: Today nothing commemorates that ugly fact but a simple bench, established by the author Toni Morrison using private funds."


Premise: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States serve as what body's five permanent members?

Hypothesis: At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.


Premise: How man votes did Parti 51 attract in 1989?

Hypothesis: The party attracted just 3,846 votes across the province, 0.11% of the total votes cast.


Premise: On what date was Spectre first shown for general audiences?

Hypothesis: Spectre had its world premiere in London on 26 October 2015 at the Royal Albert Hall, the same day as its general release in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland.


Premise: Which frontier did the Tumed Mongols raid?

Hypothesis: Klieger writes that Altan Khan's presence in the west effectively reduced Ming influence and contact with Tibet.


Premise: What institution memorializes great Canadian football achievements?

Hypothesis: Great achievements in Canadian football are enshrined in the Canadian Football Hall of Fame.


Premise: When was morale finally mentioned?

Hypothesis: Morale was not mentioned until the ninth wartime directive on 21 September 1940.


Premise: When was the Compass-M1 satellite launched?

Hypothesis: Compass-M1 is an experimental satellite launched for signal testing and validation and for the frequency filing on 14 April 2007.


Premise: When did the unemployment rate fall to 5.6 per cent?

Hypothesis: In May 2011, the city's unemployment rate fell to 5.6 per cent, the second lowest unemployment rate for a major city in Canada.


Premise: Along with the early modern and ancient, during what period did Somali architecture exist?

Hypothesis: Spanning the ancient, medieval and early modern periods in Greater Somalia, it also includes the fusion of Somalo-Islamic architecture with Western designs in contemporary times.


Premise: What trait do people most commonly link red with?

Hypothesis: In western countries red is a symbol of martyrs and sacrifice, particularly because of its association with blood.


Premise: What allows Link to switch between his two forms?

Hypothesis: After gaining the Master Sword, Link is cleansed of the magic that kept him in wolf form, obtaining the Shadow Crystal.


Premise: When did Julius Caesar die?

Hypothesis: Arguing that the Roman Republic was in danger, a group of senators hatched a conspiracy and assassinated Caesar at a meeting of the Senate in March 44 BC.


Premise: Who were viewed as a threat by the Jadidists?

Hypothesis: Although the Jadidists were pro-modernization and not necessarily anti-Russian the Russians viewed the movement as a threat.[citation needed]


Premise: What are some connection settings in Windows 8?

Hypothesis: Windows 8 also incorporates improved support for mobile broadband; the operating system can now detect the insertion of a SIM card and automatically configure connection settings (including APNs and carrier branding), and reduce its internet usage in order to conserve bandwidth on metered networks.


Premise: When was the last time the climate plan was modified?

Hypothesis: Boston's climate plan is updated every three years and was most recently modified in 2013.


Premise: What type of geological event was feared could be caused by the morals of the emperor?

Hypothesis: It was believed that the three realms of Heaven, Earth, and Mankind were linked by natural cycles of yin and yang and the five phases.


Premise: Which contestant suffered from ulcerative colitis?

Hypothesis: Casey Abrams, who suffers from ulcerative colitis, was hospitalized twice and missed the Top 13 result show.


Premise: What percentage of voters expressed dissatisfaction with their current political relationship?

Hypothesis: On December 11, 2012, Puerto Rico's legislature resolved to request that the President and the U.S. Congress act on the results, end the current form of territorial status and begin the process of admitting Puerto Rico to the Union as a state.


Premise: What school did Dell go to and later drop out of while he ran his business?

Hypothesis: Dell traces its origins to 1984, when Michael Dell created Dell Computer Corporation, which at the time did business as PC's Limited, while a student of the University of Texas at Austin.


Premise: What is the simple name given to the light quantum today?

Hypothesis: It was eventually called the photon.


Premise: When was the Chremonidean War?

Hypothesis: In spite of the Ptolemaic monies and fleets backing their endeavors, Athens and Sparta were defeated by Antigonus II during the Chremonidean War (267-61).


Premise: Who owned the Dallas Desperados?

Hypothesis: The lone exception was that of the Dallas Desperados; Desperados owner Jerry Jones had purposely designed the Desperados' properties around those of the Dallas Cowboys, making the two inseparable.


Premise: Where did the name "Liberal" come from?

Hypothesis: It took the name "Liberal" in honour of the old Commonwealth Liberal Party.


Premise: What happens to infected plant cells?

Hypothesis: The Ti and Ri plasmids are thus endosymbionts of the bacteria, which are in turn endosymbionts (or parasites) of the infected plant.


Premise: How much have deaths due to HIV/AIDS increased?

Hypothesis: In 2012, approximately 3.1 million people have died due to lower respiratory infections, making it the number 4 leading cause of death in the world.


Premise: According to the Buddhist doctrine of impermanence, how does life express impermanence?

Hypothesis: According to the doctrine of impermanence, life embodies this flux in the aging process, the cycle of rebirth (saṃsāra), and in any experience of loss.


Premise: What are the basic written records of the Mauryans?

Hypothesis: The Arthashastra and the Edicts of Ashoka are the primary written records of the Mauryan times.


Premise: What was made possible by Lynx?

Hypothesis: KU's academic computing department was an active participant in setting up the Internet and is the developer of the early Lynx text based web browser.


Premise: What is the name of the London merchant who co-led this founding group?

Hypothesis: In April 1638, the main party of five hundred Puritans who left the Massachusetts Bay Colony under the leadership of the Reverend John Davenport and the London merchant Theophilus Eaton sailed into the harbor.


Premise: Where do half of the black college students rank in terms of their performance relative to the rest of their class?

Hypothesis: A group including some of the country's lead statistical methodologists told the Supreme Court that Sander's analyses were sufficiently flawed that the Court would be wise to ignore them entirely.


Premise: What is Xenodiagnosis?

Hypothesis: Chagas disease is the most significant example, because it is difficult to directly demonstrate the presence of the causative agent, Trypanosoma cruzi in a patient, which therefore makes it difficult to definitively make a diagnosis.


Premise: What color is also used interchangeably with "undried" for wood?

Hypothesis: An extreme example is the case of a completely dry spruce block 5 cm in section, which will sustain a permanent load four times as great as a green (undried) block of the same size will.


Premise: What general type of instruments tend to be used in adult contemporary?

Hypothesis: Adult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set.


Premise: Which religion came to Zhejiang 400 years ago?

Hypothesis: Zhejiang is one of the provinces of China with the largest concentrations of Protestants, especially notable in the city of Wenzhou.


Premise: How did Microsoft modify the architecture of the 360 to reduce failure rates?

Hypothesis: Modifications include a reduction in the number, size, and placement of components, the addition of dabs of epoxy on the corners and edges of the CPU and GPU as glue to prevent movement relative to the board during heat expansion, and a second GPU heatsink to dissipate more heat.


Premise: What is the average age of students on KU's Edwards Campus?

Hypothesis: About 2,100 students attend the Edwards Campus, with an average age of 32.


Premise: Who counted the game among the best ever made?

Hypothesis: GameTrailers in their review called it one of the greatest games ever created.


Premise: When was the position of prime minister finally formalized?

Hypothesis: Walpole always denied that he was "prime minister", and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution.


Premise: Along with Latvia, the consulate of what country has called New York the cultural capital of the world?

Hypothesis: A book containing a series of essays titled New York, culture capital of the world, 1940–1965 has also been published as showcased by the National Library of Australia.


Premise: What does a "strong" promoter sequence do?

Hypothesis: Promoter regions have a consensus sequence, however highly transcribed genes have "strong" promoter sequences that bind the transcription machinery well, whereas others have "weak" promoters that bind poorly and initiate transcription less frequently.:7.2


Premise: What is the country's main airport?

Hypothesis: Khorog Airport is a domestic airport and also the only airport in the sparsely populated eastern half of the country.


Premise: What did the brutal dictatorships caused by the media lead to?

Hypothesis: Large-scale industry and more centralized media made brutal dictatorships possible on an unprecedented scale in the middle of the century, leading to wars that were also unprecedented.


Premise: Who made a direct chartered cargo flight?

Hypothesis: A direct chartered cargo flight was made by China Airlines from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport to Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport sending some 100 tons of relief supplies donated by the Tzu Chi Foundation and the Red Cross Society of Taiwan to the affected areas.


Premise: What was the previous name of Rajamangala University of Technology?

Hypothesis: Rajamangala University of Technology (formerly Institute of Technology and Vocational Education) and King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi


Premise: In which type of organism do the smallest genomes occur?

Hypothesis: The smallest genomes occur in viruses (which can have as few as 2 protein-coding genes), and viroids (which act as a single non-coding RNA gene).


Premise: How many years were the Sumerian city-states at war?

Hypothesis: The almost constant wars among the Sumerian city-states for 2000 years helped to develop the military technology and techniques of Sumer to a high level.


Premise: How many members compose the legislature?

Hypothesis: At the legislative level, a unicameral Assembleia Nacional Popular (National People's Assembly) is made up of 100 members.


Premise: Illegal voter registration, the miscounting of votes, and what at polls is considered voter fraud?

Hypothesis: Also called voter fraud, the mechanisms involved include illegal voter registration, intimidation at polls, and improper vote counting.


Premise: What language family did Common Brittonic belong to?

Hypothesis: As the Anglo-Saxons became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language, and Latin, brought to Britain by Roman invasion.


Premise: How did Egyptians dye fabrics yellow?

Hypothesis: They also used less expensive green earth pigment, or mixed yellow ochre and blue azurite.


Premise: What may have a wide range of meanings?

Hypothesis: Modern Chinese has many homophones; thus the same spoken syllable may be represented by many characters, depending on meaning.


Premise: Who had made an attempt in the 1920s to release a long play time recording?

Hypothesis: One early attempt at lengthening the playing time should be mentioned.


Premise: Who initially lit the Olympic Torch?

Hypothesis: Following the recent unrest in Tibet, three members of Reporters Without Borders, including Robert Ménard, breached security and attempted to disrupt a speech by Liu Qi, the head of Beijing's Olympic organising committee during the torch lighting ceremony in Olympia, Greece.


Premise: Who was the first outside club to win?

Hypothesis: With the exception of Tottenham, these clubs were all playing in the second tier (the old Second Division) - Tottenham were playing in the Southern League and were only elected to the Football League in 1908, meaning they are the only non-league winners of the FA Cup.


Premise: How many Swiss men live in Bern?

Hypothesis: The population was made up of 44,032 Swiss men (35.4% of the population) and 15,092 (12.1%) non-Swiss men.


Premise: When did Clarkson win the crown?

Hypothesis: Like That There", and eventually won the crown on September 4, 2002.


Premise: What connects PS/2 keyboards and mice to a USB port?

Hypothesis: USB mice and keyboards can usually be used with older computers that have PS/2 connectors with the aid of a small USB-to-PS/2 adapter.


Premise: What was a benefit of early radio recordings?

Hypothesis: Electric recording which developed during the time that early radio was becoming popular (1925) benefited from the microphones and amplifiers used in radio studios.


Premise: When were plans for city expansion drawn?

Hypothesis: Neither proposed project received final approval, but they did serve as a guide, though not closely followed, for future growth.


Premise: What is a common use for zinc chloride?

Hypothesis: Corrosion-resistant zinc plating of iron (hot-dip galvanizing) is the major application for zinc.


Premise: What three terms define the Bohr magneton value?

Hypothesis: The Bohr magneton is the magnetic moment which would be expected for an electron if it behaved as a spinning charge according to classical electrodynamics.


Premise: What did the FBI's new director want?

Hypothesis: During the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center, FBI agent Leonard W. Hatton Jr. was killed during the rescue effort while helping the rescue personnel evacuate the occupants of the South Tower and stayed when it collapsed.


Premise: What percentage of the vote did Schwarzenegger's opponent Bustamante receive?

Hypothesis: His nearest rival, Bustamante, received 31% of the vote.


Premise: Which Indian monument, inspired by the Arc de Triomphe, was built in 1931?

Hypothesis: It is the national monument of India commemorating the 90,000 soldiers of the Indian Army who lost their lives while fighting for the British Raj in World War I and the Third Anglo-Afghan War.


Premise: What Gran Turismo game was shown in 2007 but not released until after 2007?

Hypothesis: At E3 2007, Sony was able to show a number of their upcoming video games for PlayStation 3, including Heavenly Sword, Lair, Ratchet & Clank Future: Tools of Destruction, Warhawk and Uncharted: Drake's Fortune; all of which were released in the third and fourth quarters of 2007.


Premise: Which older language is thought to strongly resemble that of the Quran?

Hypothesis: Its language was similar to the Syriac language.[citation needed]


Premise: What is the Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Defence generally known as?

Hypothesis: The Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Defence (generally known as the Permanent Secretary) is the senior civil servant at the MoD.


Premise: What type of radiation can clothing provide some protection from?

Hypothesis: Physically, clothing serves many purposes: it can serve as protection from the elements, and can enhance safety during hazardous activities such as hiking and cooking.


Premise: What is the name of Madonna's daughter?

Hypothesis: Biographer Mary Cross writes that although Madonna was often ill during the filming and worried that her pregnancy would harm the film, she reached some important personal goals: "Now 38 years old, Madonna had at last triumphed on screen and achieved her dream of having a child, both in the same year.


Premise: What is the Continental Strand consideres to be by most of Freemasonry?

Hypothesis: For the Continental lodges, however, having a different approach to Freemasonry was not a reason for severing masonic ties.


Premise: What is one of the reasons for the human rights issues on Cyprus?

Hypothesis: In January 2011, the Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the question of Human Rights in Cyprus noted that the ongoing division of Cyprus continues to affect human rights throughout the island "... including freedom of movement, human rights pertaining to the question of missing persons, discrimination, the right to life, freedom of religion, and economic, social and cultural rights.


Premise: How much of Antarctica is ice covered?

Hypothesis: About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km (1.2 mi; 6,200 ft) in thickness, which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula.


Premise: John felt Langton was overly influenced by what?

Hypothesis: John was incensed about what he perceived as an abrogation of his customary right as monarch to influence the election.


Premise: What is the main difference between cladistics and stemmatics?

Hypothesis: The difference between cladistics and more traditional forms of statistical analysis is that, rather than simply arranging the manuscripts into rough groupings according to their overall similarity, cladistics assumes that they are part of a branching family tree and uses that assumption to derive relationships between them.


Premise: From 1876 to 1973, how much did the glaciers that covered the Alps shrink?

Hypothesis: Forty percent of the glaciation in Austria has disappeared since 1850, and 30% of that in Switzerland.


Premise: What two qualities were mentioned in regards to new construction?

Hypothesis: The CRDA would oversee all functions of the district and will make changes to attract new businesses and attractions.


Premise: Where did Von Neumann study as a PHD candidate?

Hypothesis: This was not something that von Neumann had much knowledge of, so it was arranged for him to take a two-year non-degree course in chemistry at the University of Berlin, after which he sat the entrance exam to the prestigious ETH Zurich, which he passed in September 1923.


Premise: Although there are challenges a unified European alphabet is feasible even in the absence of which common language rule?

Hypothesis: As briefly discussed in Unicode Technical Note #26, "In terms of implementation issues, any attempt at a unification of Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic would wreak havoc [and] make casing operations an unholy mess, in effect making all casing operations context sensitive […]".


Premise: What religion is Kerry?

Hypothesis: Kerry is a Roman Catholic, and is said to carry a religious rosary, a prayer book, and a St. Christopher medal (the patron saint of travelers) when he campaigned.


Premise: Where did the Tucson Sidewinders move to?

Hypothesis: The Sidewinders were sold in 2007 and moved to Reno, Nevada after the 2008 season.


Premise: What was the main cause of death of the Japanese troops?

Hypothesis: They had lost over 50,000 troops, mainly to starvation and disease.


Premise: What did several US politicians suggest doing in the 19th century?

Hypothesis: The United States again invaded Canada during the War of 1812, but this effort was made more difficult due to the large number of Loyalist Americans that had fled to what is now Ontario and still resisted joining the republic.


Premise: What properties of graphite improved the filament?

Hypothesis: The carbon deposited on the filament by this treatment improved the uniformity and strength of filaments as well as their efficiency.


Premise: Who did Beyonce participate with in the Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé participated in George Clooney and Wyclef Jean's Hope for Haiti


Premise: In which Era was this finding most significant?

Hypothesis: As a result, this practice was the empirical beginning of using pre-emphasis above 1,000 Hz in 78 rpm and 33 1⁄3 rpm records.


Premise: How much in dollars did the Super Famicom cost in Japan?

Hypothesis: It was an instant success; Nintendo's initial shipment of 300,000 units sold out within hours, and the resulting social disturbance led the Japanese government to ask video game manufacturers to schedule future console releases on weekends.


Premise: Where did the first atomic blast test take place?

Hypothesis: Based on his observation alone, von Neumann estimated the test had resulted in a blast equivalent to 5 kilotons of TNT (21 TJ) but Enrico Fermi produced a more accurate estimate of 10 kilotons by dropping scraps of torn-up paper as the shock wave passed his location and watching how far they scattered.


Premise: Who was Whitehead's mother?

Hypothesis: Whitehead's mother was Maria Sarah Whitehead, formerly Maria Sarah Buckmaster.


Premise: What year did Mexico City first host the Pan America games?

Hypothesis: The city hosted the 1955 and 1975 Pan American Games, the last after Santiago and São Paulo withdrew.


Premise: What does the "line feed" function do?

Hypothesis: For example, character 10 represents the "line feed" function (which causes a printer to advance its paper), and character 8 represents "backspace".


Premise: How hot were Oklahoma's hottest summers?

Hypothesis: Mid-summer (July and August) represents a secondary dry season over much of Oklahoma, with long stretches of hot weather with only sporadic thunderstorm activity not uncommon many years.


Premise: In what year did glassmaking begin in Asia?

Hypothesis: Indigenous development of glass technology in South Asia may have begun in 1730 BCE.


Premise: What form of public transport do most people in Southampton use now?

Hypothesis: Buses now provide the majority of local public transport.


Premise: What did Lincoln do well in the war?

Hypothesis: Lincoln proved effective in mobilizing support for the war goals, raising large armies and supplying them, avoiding foreign interference, and making the end of slavery a war goal.


Premise: The integration of Shinto shrines into government branches reflected a greater what?

Hypothesis: The establishment of branches rurally and integration of some Shinto shrines within these temple networks reflects a greater "organizational dynamism".


Premise: How are Digital-RGB LED strobe signals connected?

Hypothesis: These are connected in a daisy chain, with the data in of the first LED sourced by a microprocessor, which can control the brightness and color of each LED independently of the others.


Premise: In which year did NBC Sports secure an extension of six years with the Premier League?

Hypothesis: NBC Sports reached a six-year extension with the Premier League in 2015 to broadcast the league through the 2021–22 season in a deal valued at $1 billion (£640 million).


Premise: The ability to store and execute lists of instructions are called what?

Hypothesis: The Church–Turing thesis is a mathematical statement of this versatility: any computer with a minimum capability (being Turing-complete) is, in principle, capable of performing the same tasks that any other computer can perform.


Premise: How many concentration camps were constructed in Hanover?

Hypothesis: Of the approximately 4,800 Jews who had lived in Hannover in 1938, fewer than 100 were still in the city when troops of the United States Army arrived on 10 April 1945 to occupy Hanover at the end of the war.[citation needed]


Premise: According to Nintendo what was the danger in renting games?

Hypothesis: Nintendo claimed that allowing customers to rent games would significantly hurt sales and drive up the cost of games.


Premise: Who charge that Napoleon was untroubled by the prospect of war and death for thousands?

Hypothesis: His critics charge that he was not significantly troubled when faced with the prospect of war and death for thousands, turned his search for undisputed rule into a series of conflicts throughout Europe and ignored treaties and conventions alike.


Premise: When was Royal Shell Group Created?

Hypothesis: In February 1907, the Royal Dutch Shell Group was created through the amalgamation of two rival companies: the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company of the Netherlands and the "Shell" Transport and Trading Company Ltd of the United Kingdom.


Premise: What does 'Palácio da Alvorada' mean?

Hypothesis: Farther east, on a triangle of land jutting into the lake, is the Palace of the Dawn


Premise: Which organization believed in the class based argument?

Hypothesis: Proponents of affirmative action argue that by nature the system is not only race based, but also class and gender based.


Premise: What was the death year of John Lofting?

Hypothesis: Great Marlow Buckinghamshire 1742) an inventor, manufacturer and merchant of London.


Premise: What was the rejection rate of the quota system by the French speaking part of Switzerland?

Hypothesis: This initiative was mostly backed by rural (57.6% approvals), suburban (51.2% approvals), and isolated cities (51.3% approvals) of Switzerland as well as by a strong majority (69.2% approval) in the canton of Ticino, while metropolitan centres (58.5% rejection) and the French-speaking part (58.5% rejection) of Switzerland rather rejected it.


Premise: What mode of public transportation in New Haven phased out the trolley service in the 1920's and 1930's?

Hypothesis: In the 1920s and 1930s, some of the trolley lines began to be replaced by bus lines, with the last trolley route converted to bus in 1948.


Premise: What was the second largest denomination in North carolina in 2010?

Hypothesis: The fourth greatest was the Presbyterian Church (USA), with 186,000 members and 710 congregations; this denomination was brought by Scots-Irish immigrants who settled the backcountry in the colonial era.


Premise: How many daily bicycle riders are there in NYC?

Hypothesis: New York's high rate of public transit use, over 200,000 daily cyclists as of 2014, and many pedestrian commuters make it the most energy-efficient major city in the United States.


Premise: How many times did Elizabeth reject Albert's proposal?

Hypothesis: She rejected his proposal twice, in 1921 and 1922, reportedly because she was reluctant to make the sacrifices necessary to become a member of the royal family.


Premise: What goes to the grave with Everyman in the morality play?

Hypothesis: The most interesting morality play is The Castle of Perseverance which depicts mankind's progress from birth to death.


Premise: How is asthma clinically classified?

Hypothesis: Asthma is clinically classified according to the frequency of symptoms, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow rate.


Premise: How many miles of land did Lancashire lose to other countries?

Hypothesis: Lancashire lost 709 square miles of land to other counties, about two fifths of its original area, although it did gain some land from the West Riding of Yorkshire.


Premise: The Times is based in what major British city?

Hypothesis: The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times (founded in 1821) are published by Times Newspapers, since 1981 a subsidiary of News UK, itself wholly owned by the News Corp group headed by Rupert Murdoch.


Premise: Which Alaskan indigenous group was the fist to be exploited by Russians?

Hypothesis: The Aleutian Islands are still home to the Aleut people's seafaring society, although they were the first Native Alaskans to be exploited by Russians.


Premise: La Monica Ballroom used to be what type of ballroom in the United States?

Hypothesis: The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium was an important music venue for several decades and hosted the Academy Awards in the 1960s.


Premise: How many investment and commercial banks were included in Clayton Holdings' analysis of January 2006 to June 2007 loans?

Hypothesis: The analysis (conducted on behalf of 23 investment and commercial banks, including 7 "too big to fail" banks) additionally showed that 28% of the sampled loans did not meet the minimal standards of any issuer.


Premise: In what year did the first European arrive in the New York area?

Hypothesis: He claimed the area for France and named it "Nouvelle Angoulême" (New Angoulême).


Premise: When was Universal's version of Frankenstein made?

Hypothesis: Among them are Frankenstein (1931), Dracula ( also in 1931), The Mummy (1932) and The Invisible Man (1933).


Premise: How much snow does Raleigh get?

Hypothesis: Raleigh receives an average of 6.0 inches (15.2 cm) of snow in winter.


Premise: Since what year has there been a daily broadcast on All India Radio?

Hypothesis: These broadcasts are also made available on the internet on AIR's website.


Premise: In what year did IBM sell its personal computer business?

Hypothesis: A year later IBM launched Secure Blue, a low-cost hardware design for data encryption that can be built into a microprocessor.


Premise: Which Hungarian ruler was killed at the Battle of Varna?

Hypothesis: After the tragic death of the young king Vladislaus I of Hungary during the Battle of Varna in 1444 against the Ottomans, the Kingdom was placed in the hands of count John Hunyadi, who became Hungary's regent-governor (1446–1453).


Premise: In what year was Central Park founded?

Hypothesis: Public-minded members of the contemporaneous business elite lobbied for the establishment of Central Park, which in 1857 became the first landscaped park in an American city.


Premise: What script did Lebanese Christians sometimes use to write Lebanese Arabic during the civil war?

Hypothesis: All Lebanese laws are written in the standard literary form of Arabic, though parliamentary debate may be conducted in Lebanese Arabic.


Premise: Who was recalled?

Hypothesis: The Russian deputies were also recalled from the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.


Premise: How many of the richest families had a decrease in total wealth between 2007 and 2009?

Hypothesis: 77 percent of the richest families had a decrease in total wealth, while only 50 percent of those on the bottom of the pyramid suffered a decrease.


Premise: What is another name for electric-field?

Hypothesis: As a transverse wave, the magnetic field of a radio wave is at right angles to that of the electric field, but by convention, talk of an antenna's "polarization" is understood to refer to the direction of the electric field.


Premise: In what year did Japan establish a base in New Guinea?

Hypothesis: Curtin predicted that the "battle for Australia" would now follow.


Premise: Who was appointed to the Chief of Staff of the Air Force following Mosley's resignation?

Hypothesis: Moseley's successor, General Norton A. Schwartz, a former tactical airlift and special operations pilot was the first officer appointed to that position who did not have a background as a fighter or bomber pilot.


Premise: The Chinese government established what city in this disputed area?

Hypothesis: following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories, resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.


Premise: What was the determination of the referendum?

Hypothesis: In that year a general election was held; and a referendum was held in December 1974 to determine whether the Gilbert Islands and Ellice Islands should each have their own administration.


Premise: Do some cultures not use the term "Black people"?

Hypothesis: Black people is a term used in certain countries, often in socially based systems of racial classification or of ethnicity, to describe persons who are perceived to be dark-skinned compared to other given populations.


Premise: Along with myrrh and spices, what important luxury did ancient Somali merchants provide?

Hypothesis: Somali sailors and merchants were the main suppliers of frankincense, myrrh and spices, items which were considered valuable luxuries by the Ancient Egyptians, Phoenicians, Mycenaeans and Babylonians.


Premise: What do some theories believe?

Hypothesis: Some theories propose that all individuals benefit from a variety of learning modalities, while others suggest that individuals may have preferred learning styles, learning more easily through visual or kinesthetic experiences.


Premise: What is the name of the theory Plutchik created?

Hypothesis: Alternatively, similar to the way primary colors combine, primary emotions could blend to form the full spectrum of human emotional experience.


Premise: What is one country that stayed mostly feudal and created spectacular architecture for its royalty rather than its burghers?

Hypothesis: Civic building was of great importance to these towns as a sign of wealth and pride.


Premise: What did the ceasefire guaranteed?

Hypothesis: In 1997, a ceasefire was reached between Rahmon and opposition parties under the guidance of Gerd D. Merrem, Special Representative to the Secretary General, a result widely praised as a successful United Nations peace keeping initiative.


Premise: What was the resolution that granted Namibia it's name?

Hypothesis: Attempts to persuade South Africa to agree to the plan's implementation were not successful until 1988 when the transition to independence finally started under a diplomatic agreement between South Africa, Angola and Cuba, with the USSR and the USA as observers, under which South Africa agreed to withdraw and demobilise its forces in Namibia.


Premise: How may species have been found to be resistant to DDT?

Hypothesis: However, DDT and other organochlorine pesticides have been banned in most countries worldwide because of their persistence in the environment and human toxicity.


Premise: Madonna and Maverick sued which company for poor bookkeeping and mismanagement of resources?

Hypothesis: In return, Warner filed a countersuit alleging that Maverick had lost tens of millions of dollars on its own.


Premise: When was Renaissance Humanism developed?

Hypothesis: In Renaissance Europe, from about 1400 onwards, there was a revival of Classical learning accompanied by the development of Renaissance Humanism which placed greater emphasis on the role of the individual in society than had been the case during the Medieval period.


Premise: Political instability has resulted in what description of social conditions?

Hypothesis: A long period of political instability has resulted in depressed economic activity, deteriorating social conditions, and increased macroeconomic imbalances.


Premise: How did this republic come to be?

Hypothesis: The creation of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 was through the unification of the western states (which were previously under American, British, and French administration) created in the aftermath of World War II.


Premise: How much of Brazil's GDP comes from Brasilia?

Hypothesis: Besides being the political center, Brasília is an important economic center.


Premise: In what common household item can you find infrared LEDs?

Hypothesis: The light from LEDs can be modulated very quickly so they are used extensively in optical fiber and free space optics communications.


Premise: At what site were important paleolithic stone tools found?

Hypothesis: The oldest evidence of burial customs in the Horn of Africa comes from cemeteries in Somalia dating back to 4th millennium BC.


Premise: Who organized a free concert by Queen in 1976?

Hypothesis: A concert organised by the entrepreneur Richard Branson, it set an attendance record with 150,000 people confirmed in the audience.


Premise: What is Namibian's unemployment rate?

Hypothesis: According to the Namibia Labour Force Survey Report 2012, conducted by the Namibia Statistics Agency, the country's unemployment rate is 27.4%.


Premise: In what year did daily news broadcasts in Sankrit begin on state-run All India Radio?

Hypothesis: Sanskrit news is broadcast on TV and on the internet through the DD National channel at 6:55 AM IST.


Premise: What is the life expectancy in Liberia?

Hypothesis: Hospitals in Liberia include the John F. Kennedy Medical Center in Monrovia and several others.


Premise: What term refers to the process that a hogeschool undergoes before it's able to award Master's degrees?

Hypothesis: They form associations with a university and integrate research into the curriculum, which will allow them to deliver academic master's degrees.


Premise: About how old is the Earth?

Hypothesis: Uranium-238 is the most stable isotope of uranium, with a half-life of about 4.468×109 years, roughly the age of the Earth.


Premise: Where was Napoleon Bonaparte die?

Hypothesis: Born on Corsica as the French invaded, and dying suspiciously on the tiny British Island of St. Helena, this brilliant commander, controlled a French Empire that, at its height, ruled a large portion of Europe directly from Paris, while many of his friends and family ruled countries such as Spain, Poland, several parts of Italy and many other Kingdoms Republics and dependencies.


Premise: What did Comcast pay for their stake in NBC?

Hypothesis: In late December 2012, Comcast added the NBC peacock symbol to their new logo.


Premise: To whom was Freemasonry most attractive?

Hypothesis: It was especially attractive to powerful aristocrats and politicians as well as intellectuals, artists and political activists.


Premise: Those receiving aid may have connections, pay bribes or what?

Hypothesis: Equally, those able to do so may manipulate statistics to inflate the number of beneficiaries and siphon off additional assistance.


Premise: What forms are also common in the rest of Western Catalan?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, AVL's standard keeps the grave accent ⟨è⟩, without pronouncing this ⟨e⟩ as /ɛ/, in some words like: què ('what'), or València.


Premise: What years are termed the Baroque period?

Hypothesis: The major time divisions of classical music are as follows: the early music period, which includes the Medieval (500–1400) and the Renaissance (1400–1600) eras; the Common practice period, which includes the Baroque (1600–1750), Classical (1750–1820), and Romantic eras (1804–1910); and the 20th century (1901–2000) which includes the modern (1890–1930) that overlaps from the late 19th-century, the high modern (mid 20th-century), and contemporary or postmodern (1975–2015) eras.[citation needed]


Premise: Who became President of Global Digital Business and US Sales in 2012?

Hypothesis: In January 2012, Dennis Kooker was named President of Global Digital Business and US Sales.


Premise: What areas experience periodic flooding from rapid snowmelt and runoff?

Hypothesis: High-water levels in streams and rivers peak in June and July when the snow is still melting at the higher altitudes.


Premise: What other religions form a small percentage?

Hypothesis: Other religions that form a small percentage are Buddhism and Sikhism.


Premise: What munition hit Kerry's boat?

Hypothesis: As the Swift boats reached the Cửa Lớn River, Kerry's boat was hit by a B-40 rocket (rocket propelled grenade round), and a piece of shrapnel hit Kerry's left leg, wounding him.


Premise: When were the Byzantine mosaics of the Hagia Sophia created?

Hypothesis: Above the door from the southwest vestibule to the narthex another mosaic shows the Theotokos with Justinian and Constantine.


Premise: What was the Chinese government reported running on April 4?

Hypothesis: On April 4, it was reported that the Chinese government appeared to be running an anti-CNN website that criticizes the cable network’s coverage of recent events.


Premise: What was divided between warlords and tribes with no dominant centralized authority?

Hypothesis: Tibet continued as a Central Asian empire until the mid-9th century, when a civil war over succession led to the collapse of imperial Tibet.


Premise: What other medicine worked along antibiotics to eradicate diseases like tuberculosis?

Hypothesis: Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world.


Premise: What department store in Puerto Rico is named after an American city?

Hypothesis: La New York was a Puerto Rican department store.


Premise: What do cognitive neuroscientists believe memory is?

Hypothesis: Cognitive neuroscientists consider memory as the retention, reactivation, and reconstruction of the experience-independent internal representation.


Premise: In what country are high-grade uranium ores notably found?

Hypothesis: Uranium ore is mined in several ways: by open pit, underground, in-situ leaching, and borehole mining (see uranium mining).


Premise: Who was the main character in the third arc series?

Hypothesis: It focuses on a new protagonist, Tagiru Akashi and his partner Gumdramon who embark on a new journey with an older Mikey, Shoutmon, an older Ewan and the revived Damemon, along with other new comrades as they deal with a hidden dimension that lies between the Human World and the Digital World called DigiQuartz.


Premise: Where were surface-to-air missiles first developed?

Hypothesis: The development of surface-to-air missiles began in Nazi Germany during the late World War II with missiles such as the Wasserfall, though no working system was deployed before the war's end, and represented new attempts to increase effectiveness of the anti-aircraft systems faced with growing threat from [bomber]s.


Premise: To whom did Schiotz state one should be grateful for the Reformation?

Hypothesis: He welcomed the announcement of Pope Paul VI to celebrate the 1900th anniversary of the death of the Apostle Peter and Apostle Paul, and promised the participation and cooperation in the festivities.


Premise: What led to the banning of the Remonstrant faith in 1618?

Hypothesis: In the first years of the Republic, controversy arose within the Reformed Church, mainly around the subject of predestination.


Premise: What is Ronnie known for to Wrigley Field visitors?

Hypothesis: He is largely allowed to roam the park and interact with fans by Wrigley Field security.


Premise: Equipment from what country is being replaced?

Hypothesis: Equipment from the former Soviet Union is being progressively replaced by more modern US, French, and British equipment, a significant portion of which is built under license in Egypt, such as the M1 Abrams tank.[citation needed]


Premise: Where was the barrel pointed when the sights were on a target?

Hypothesis: In this method when the sights were on the target, the barrel was pointed at the target's future position.


Premise: The first road connected Atlantic City to which mainland town?

Hypothesis: The first road connecting the city to the mainland at Pleasantville was completed in 1870 and charged a 30-cent toll.


Premise: Whose definition of topos did Alhazen reject?

Hypothesis: Without tangible notions of distance and size for correlation, sight can tell us next to nothing about such things."


Premise: Why are specific seasons for bow hunting established?

Hypothesis: Regulations for big-game hunting often specify a minimum caliber or muzzle energy for firearms.


Premise: How many of the Hui Chinese living in Zhejiang practice Islam?

Hypothesis: Another religion present in the province is She shamanism (practiced by She ethnic minority).


Premise: What type of text is the Samaveda?

Hypothesis: From the Rigveda until the time of Pāṇini (fourth century BCE) the development of the early Vedic language can be observed in other Vedic texts: the Samaveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda, Brahmanas, and Upanishads.


Premise: Where did the US buy land from in the Gadsden Purchase?

Hypothesis: Tucson became a part of the United States of America, although the American military did not formally take over control until March 1856.


Premise: What thus is the level of economic incentive and benefit?

Hypothesis: However, another study states that less than 3% of a trophy hunters' expenditures reach the local level, meaning that the economic incentive and benefit is "minimal, particularly when we consider the vast areas of land that hunting concessions occupy."


Premise: The Roman Catholic Church objection to Freemasons are based on what?

Hypothesis: The denomination with the longest history of objection to Freemasonry is the Roman Catholic Church.


Premise: How many tents did the Sichuan Ministry of Affairs provide?

Hypothesis: The Sichuan Ministry of Civil Affairs said that they have provided 30,000 tents for those left homeless.


Premise: Where is the principal of the Permanent Fund invested?

Hypothesis: Most if not all the principal is invested conservatively outside Alaska.


Premise: Who is Bermuda's most popular Cricket player?

Hypothesis: Moresby founded the Somerset Cricket Club which plays the St. George's Cricket Club in this game (the membership of both clubs has long been mostly civilian).


Premise: About what fraction of UNFPA's staff do field work?

Hypothesis: It is a member of the United Nations Development Group and part of its Executive Committee.


Premise: Where did his friends found Chopin an apartment in 1849?

Hypothesis: He passed the winter in unremitting illness, but gave occasional lessons and was visited by friends, including Delacroix and Franchomme.


Premise: Which record label was the soundtrack album released on?

Hypothesis: The theatrical trailer released in July 2015 contained a rendition of John Barry's On Her Majesty's Secret Service theme.


Premise: What TV show promotes a dominance model for the relationships people have with their dogs?

Hypothesis: human families showed how family members use the dog as a resource, talking to the dog, or talking through the dog, to mediate their interactions with each other.


Premise: What do aircraft do when landing in order to stop on a short distance?

Hypothesis: Post-WWII Royal Navy research on safer CATOBAR recovery eventually led to universal adoption of a landing area angled off axis to allow aircraft who missed the arresting wires to "bolt" and safely return to flight for another landing attempt rather than crashing into aircraft on the forward deck.


Premise: Why do US troops visit Tajikistan every so often?

Hypothesis: United States Army and Marine Corps personnel periodically visit Tajikistan to conduct joint training missions of up to several weeks duration.


Premise: What location means that Antarctica get little solar radiation?

Hypothesis: Due to its location at the South Pole, Antarctica receives relatively little solar radiation.


Premise: What's on the other side of the East River from the Bronx?

Hypothesis: The Hudson River separates the Bronx on the west from Alpine, Tenafly and Englewood Cliffs in Bergen County, New Jersey; the Harlem River separates it from the island of Manhattan to the southwest; the East River separates it from Queens to the southeast; and to the east, Long Island Sound separates it from Nassau County in western Long Island.


Premise: Who was Alexander's sister?

Hypothesis: The first of the Diadochi wars broke out when Perdiccas planned to marry Alexander's sister Cleopatra and began to question Antigonus I Monophthalmus' leadership in Asia Minor.


Premise: How many different places were visited by the aircraft taking the Torch team?

Hypothesis: The plane traveled a total of 137,000 km (85,000 mi) for a duration of 130 days through 21 countries and regions.


Premise: What were the nuns tested on?

Hypothesis: Their intellectual abilities were also tested.


Premise: In what year was the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation founded?

Hypothesis: The New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) operates the public hospitals and clinics in New York City.


Premise: Who became the new patriarch of the UAOC in 1990?

Hypothesis: The leader of the Communist Party of Ukraine (CPU), Volodymyr Ivashko, was elected with 60 percent of the vote as more than 100 opposition deputies boycotted the election.


Premise: How many ways did the Vedantins have of gaining knowledge?

Hypothesis: Each of these have been further categorized in terms of conditionality, completeness, confidence and possibility of error, by each sub-school of Vedanta.


Premise: What was basic facet of Roman religious experience?

Hypothesis: Rome offers no native creation myth, and little mythography to explain the character of its deities, their mutual relationships or their interactions with the human world, but Roman theology acknowledged that di immortales (immortal gods) ruled all realms of the heavens and earth.


Premise: What is the largest bay of Zhejiang?

Hypothesis: There are also many bays, of which Hangzhou Bay is the largest.


Premise: An unauthorized user with physical access to a computer can likely do what?

Hypothesis: Even when the system is protected by standard security measures, these may be able to be by passed by booting another operating system or tool from a CD-ROM or other bootable media.


Premise: Who made the observation that the Japanese sailor's diet was the cause for them developing beriberi?

Hypothesis: Adding various types of vegetables and meats to the diets of Japanese sailors prevented the disease, (not because of the increased protein as Takaki supposed but because it introduced a few parts per million of thiamine to the diet, later understood as a cure).


Premise: What day did Charleston's airport hit the coldest day on record?

Hypothesis: Hurricanes are a major threat to the area during the summer and early fall, with several severe hurricanes hitting the area – most notably Hurricane Hugo on September 21, 1989 (a category 4 storm).


Premise: What is New Zealand's annual quota of Tuvaluan granted work permits?

Hypothesis: The applicants register for the Pacific Access Category (PAC) ballots; the primary criteria is that the principal applicant must have a job offer from a New Zealand employer.


Premise: Who has authority over Longwood house?

Hypothesis: In 1858, the French emperor Napoleon III successfully gained the possession, in the name of the French government, of Longwood House and the lands around it, last residence of Napoleon I (who died there in 1821).


Premise: When was  Seven Lamps of Architecture published?

Hypothesis: Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, and pleasure".


Premise: For what purpose did CBC make significant changes to their broadcasting?

Hypothesis: Many were surprised by these changes to the CBC schedule, which were apparently intended to attract a younger audience to the network; some suggested they might alienate the core CBC viewership.


Premise: What has the Cotton-4 been in regards to the US cotton subsidies?

Hypothesis: While Brazil was fighting the US through the WTO's Dispute Settlement Mechanism against a heavily subsidized cotton industry, a group of four least-developed African countries – Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, and Mali – also known as "Cotton-4" have been the leading protagonist for the reduction of US cotton subsidies through negotiations.


Premise: What kingdom was Guinea-Bissau once part of?

Hypothesis: Guinea-Bissau was once part of the kingdom of Gabu, as well as part of the Mali Empire.


Premise: In what year did Blackpool and Blackburn become independent unitary authorities?

Hypothesis: In 1998 Blackpool and Blackburn with Darwen became independent unitary authorities.


Premise: What was Jack Brickhouse's trademark call?

Hypothesis: He covered the games with a level of enthusiasm that often seemed unjustified by the team's poor performance on the field for many of those years.


Premise: Who initially molded the theory of algebraic groups?

Hypothesis: Its algebraic counterpart, the theory of algebraic groups, was first shaped by Claude Chevalley (from the late 1930s) and later by the work of Armand Borel and Jacques Tits.


Premise: What are disyllabic and usually written with two characters?

Hypothesis: However, in the 19th century these were often written via compound characters, pronounced disyllabically, such as 瓩 for 千瓦 or 糎 for 厘米 – some of these characters were also used in Japan, where they were pronounced with borrowed European readings instead.


Premise: Who is the leader of Spectre?

Hypothesis: Bond infiltrates a Spectre meeting, where he identifies the leader, Franz Oberhauser.


Premise: What is the latin word for architecture?

Hypothesis: Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art.


Premise: Where is the ancient border between Lancashire and Yorkshire located?

Hypothesis: The area served by the Lord-Lieutenant (termed now a ceremonial county) covered the entirety of the administrative county and the county boroughs, and was expanded whenever boroughs annexed areas in neighbouring counties such as Wythenshawe in Manchester south of the River Mersey and historically in Cheshire, and southern Warrington.


Premise: Who coined the term "potential energy?"

Hypothesis: In 1807, Thomas Young was possibly the first to use the term "energy" instead of vis viva, in its modern sense.


Premise: How can anaerobes adjust to the surrounding environment?

Hypothesis: These processes are also important in biological responses to pollution; for example, sulfate-reducing bacteria are largely responsible for the production of the highly toxic forms of mercury (methyl- and dimethylmercury) in the environment. Non-respiratory anaerobes use fermentation to generate energy and reducing power, secreting metabolic by-products (such as ethanol in brewing) as waste.