Premise: What is another term for social insect?

Hypothesis: It is sometimes argued that the various species of honey bee are the only invertebrates (and indeed one of the few non-human groups) to have evolved a system of abstract symbolic communication where a behavior is used to represent and convey specific information about something in the environment.


Premise: When did Thomas Edward Gordon publish "The Problem of the Middle East"?

Hypothesis: The use of the term Middle East as a region of international affairs apparently began in British and American diplomatic circles quite independently of each other over concern for the security of the same country: Iran, then known to the west as Persia.


Premise: What influenced House music?

Hypothesis: Early house producers such as Frankie Knuckles created similar compositions from scratch, using samplers, synthesizers, sequencers, and drum machines.


Premise: Who did Bell marry in 1877?

Hypothesis: From 1876, he would sign his name "Alec Bell".


Premise: Where are both newspapers available?

Hypothesis: The island has two local newspapers, both of which are available on the Internet.


Premise: Who did Beyoncé part ways with during her hiatus?

Hypothesis: During the break she and her father parted ways as business partners.


Premise: What two entities was the foundation divided into

Hypothesis: The trust section manages "the investment assets and transfer proceeds to the foundation as necessary to achieve the foundation's charitable goals"—it holds the assets of Bill and Melinda Gates, who are the sole trustees, and receives contributions from Buffett.


Premise: What is the official title of Delhi's head of state?

Hypothesis: According to the Indian constitution, if a law passed by Delhi's legislative assembly is repugnant to any law passed by the Parliament of India, then the law enacted by the parliament will prevail over the law enacted by the assembly.


Premise: What attractions does Portugal have to offer tourists?

Hypothesis: Consequently, it has been necessary for the country to focus upon its niche attractions, such as health, nature and rural tourism, to stay ahead of its competitors.


Premise: Who was Britain's last serious rival after Napoleon?

Hypothesis: Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies, Britain's dominant position in world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many countries, such as China, Argentina and Siam, which has been characterised by some historians as "Informal Empire".


Premise: What did Tuvalu do in 2013 in regards to it least developed country status?

Hypothesis: In 2013 Tuvalu deferred its graduation from least developed country (LDC) status to a developing country to 2015.


Premise: What did Pope Pius V establish in 1570?

Hypothesis: In response to the directives of the Second Vatican Council, later editions of the Roman Missal present the 1970 form of the Roman Rite.


Premise: How did the Endangered Species Act impact wildlife commerce?

Hypothesis: The act did not address the commerce in endangered species and parts.


Premise: What do Jehovah Witnesses believe their religion is a restoration of?

Hypothesis: Jehovah's Witnesses believe their religion is a restoration of first-century Christianity.


Premise: What was done after Amanda Todd's death?

Hypothesis: My story: Struggling, bullying, suicide, self-harm", legislative action was undertaken almost immediately after her suicide to study the prevalence of bullying and form a national anti-bullying strategy.


Premise: When was "Rumble" released?

Hypothesis: Other antecedents include Link Wray's instrumental "Rumble" in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale, such as "Let's Go Trippin'" (1961) and "Misirlou" (1962).


Premise: What does the Kuiper belt consist of?

Hypothesis: The Kuiper belt is a ring of small icy worlds, similar to the asteroid belt but far larger, extending from Neptune's orbit at 30 AU out to about 55 AU from the Sun.


Premise: What color LED was demonstrated in 1994?

Hypothesis: In parallel, Isamu Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano in Nagoya were working on developing the important GaN nucleation on sapphire substrates and the demonstration of p-type doping of GaN. Nakamura, Akasaki and Amano were awarded the 2014 Nobel prize in physics for their work.


Premise: What color was the special U2 iPod model?

Hypothesis: Like its predecessor, this iPod has engraved the signatures of the four members of the band on its back, but this one was the first time the company changed the colour of the metal (not silver but black).


Premise: What two examples of ideas from Immanuel Velikovsky are stated as to have gained some acceptance?

Hypothesis: Immanuel Velikovsky is an example of a recent scientific exoheretic; he did not have appropriate scientific credentials or did not publish in scientific journals.


Premise: What device did Herschel use to discover the infrared?

Hypothesis: Herschel used a prism to refract light from the sun and detected the infrared, beyond the red part of the spectrum, through an increase in the temperature recorded on a thermometer.


Premise: Why did Libya become an "international pariah"?

Hypothesis: Overseeing unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad, Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing led to Libya's label of "international pariah".


Premise: Who moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing?

Hypothesis: However, the Qing Empire controlled large regions to the north, so revolutionaries asked Yuan Shikai to replace Sun as president in exchange for the abdication of Puyi, the Last Emperor.


Premise: What was Eisenhower's job title during the first year his brother went to college?

Hypothesis: Edgar asked for a second year, Dwight consented and worked for a second year.


Premise: What part of birds was found on an expedition to Mt. Everest?

Hypothesis: Bar-headed geese Anser indicus have been recorded by GPS flying at up to 6,540 metres (21,460 ft) while crossing the Himalayas, at the same time engaging in the highest rates of climb to altitude for any bird.


Premise: How did they believe their forebears lived ?

Hypothesis: The Homeric Epics (i.e. Iliad and Odyssey) were especially and generally accepted as part of the Greek past and it was not until the 19th century that scholars began to question Homer's historicity.


Premise: What is the nickname of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville athletic teams?

Hypothesis: In Knoxville, the Tennessee Volunteers college team has played in the Southeastern Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association since 1932.


Premise: Was child labour rampagnt in Australia?

Hypothesis: Child labour was not as excessive in Australia as in Britain.


Premise: What year did William R. Brody join the IBM Board of Directors?

Hypothesis: As of Cathie Black's resignation in November 2010 its membership (by affiliation and year of joining) included: Alain J. P. Belda '08 (Alcoa), William R. Brody '07 (Salk Institute / Johns Hopkins University), Kenneth Chenault '98 (American Express), Michael L. Eskew '05 (UPS), Shirley Ann Jackson '05 (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), Andrew N. Liveris '10 (Dow Chemical), W. James McNerney, Jr. '09 (Boeing), James W. Owens '06 (Caterpillar), Samuel J. Palmisano '00


Premise: Why did John Quinton and Peter Leaver resign as chairman and chief excutive?

Hypothesis: The former chairman and chief executive, John Quinton and Peter Leaver, were forced to resign in March 1999 after awarding consultancy contracts to former Sky executives Sam Chisholm and David Chance.


Premise: How many people that are of Greek ascendancy live elsewhere than Greece ?

Hypothesis: The total number of Greeks living outside Greece and Cyprus today is a contentious issue.


Premise: What are inflected for number in Czech?

Hypothesis: Typical of a Slavic language, Czech cardinal numbers one through four allow the nouns and adjectives they modify to take any case, but numbers over five place these nouns and adjectives in the genitive case when the entire expression is in nominative or accusative case.


Premise: Who was assassinated on 1 March 2009?

Hypothesis: Tagme died in an explosion on Sunday, 1 March 2009, target of an assassination.


Premise: What event led Eisenhower to want to improve highways in the US?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower's goal to create improved highways was influenced by difficulties encountered during his involvement in the U.S. Army's 1919 Transcontinental Motor Convoy.


Premise: In what sea is Elba located?

Hypothesis: In the Treaty of Fontainebleau, the Allies exiled him to Elba, an island of 12,000 inhabitants in the Mediterranean, 20 km (12 mi) off the Tuscan coast.


Premise: How long do most subatomic particles exist for in a lab?

Hypothesis: Though these effects are typically minute in the human experience, the effect becomes much more pronounced for objects moving at speeds approaching the speed of light.


Premise: What type of whales were once common in Norfolk Island, but hardly any remain today?

Hypothesis: Southern right whales were once regular migrants to the Norfolk hence naming the island as the "Middle ground" by whalers, but had been severely depleted by historical hunts, and further by illegal Soviet and Japan whaling, resulting in none of very few, if remnants still live, right whales in these regions along with Lord Howe Island.


Premise: What was Detroit's murder rate in the mid to late 80s?

Hypothesis: Although the murder rate increased by 6% during the first half of 2015, it was surpassed by St Louis and Baltimore which saw much greater spikes in violence.


Premise: What is thought to have eroded Greece's potential output?

Hypothesis: It is thought that Greece's potential output has been eroded by this prolonged massive unemployment due to the associated hysteresis effects.


Premise: What video input format is not supported by the 360 E?

Hypothesis: In addition to its revised aesthetics, Xbox 360 E also has one fewer USB port and no longer supports S/PDIF.


Premise: What percentage of homicides were committed by Asians between 1980 and 2008?

Hypothesis: According to the US Department of Justice, African Americans accounted for 52.5% of homicide offenders from 1980 to 2008, with whites 45.3% and Native Americans and Asians 2.2%.


Premise: What was the population of Salonica in 1800?

Hypothesis: Port cities like Salonica, in Greece, saw its population rise from 55,000 in 1800 to 160,000 in 1912 and İzmir which had a population of 150,000 in 1800 grew to 300,000 by 1914.


Premise: What rank did Everton place in the 1997 Premiership league?

Hypothesis: Howard Kendall was appointed Everton manager for the third time in 1997, but the appointment proved unsuccessful as Everton finished seventeenth in the Premiership; only avoiding relegation due to their superior goal difference over Bolton Wanderers.


Premise: When was IBM's system released?

Hypothesis: IBM started working on a prototype system loosely based on Codd's concepts as System R in the early 1970s.


Premise: According to Christianity, who is the "One"?

Hypothesis: Meekness and charity guide Christians to acknowledge that they are nothing without the One (God/Christ) who created them, sustains them, and guides them.


Premise: What can happen to an arrogant wrestler?

Hypothesis: This often results in pins that can easily be kicked out of, if the defensive wrestler is even slightly conscious.


Premise: Which topic did Feynman's commencement speech at Caltech center around?

Hypothesis: He instructed the graduating class that "The first principle is that you must not fool yourself—and you are the easiest person to fool.


Premise: What did researcher Geng Qingguo say was sent to the State Seismological Bureau?

Hypothesis: Malaysia-based Yazhou Zhoukan conducted an interview with former researcher at the China Seismological Bureau Geng Qingguo (耿庆国), in which Geng claimed that a confidential written report was sent to the State Seismological Bureau on April 30, 2008, warning about the possible occurrence of a significant earthquake in Ngawa Prefecture region of Sichuan around May 8, with a range of 10 days before or after the quake.


Premise: When was the Bell Telephone Memorial constructed?

Hypothesis: Honors and tributes flowed to Bell in increasing numbers as his most famous invention became ubiquitous and his personal fame grew.


Premise: Who did rating agencies rely on for information to rate financial innovation products?

Hypothesis: As financial assets became more and more complex, and harder and harder to value, investors were reassured by the fact that both the international bond rating agencies and bank regulators, who came to rely on them, accepted as valid some complex mathematical models which theoretically showed the risks were much smaller than they actually proved to be.


Premise: How many Soviet prisoners did german take within the first six months of war between the two countries?

Hypothesis: Within six months, the Soviet military had suffered 4.3 million casualties, and Germany had captured three million Soviet prisoners.


Premise: Who wrote Robinson Crusoe?

Hypothesis: Philosophus Autodidactus, continuing the thoughts of philosophers such as Aristotle from earlier ages, inspired Robert Boyle to write his own philosophical novel set on an island, The Aspiring Naturalist.


Premise: How man Armenians resided in Azerbaijan in 1970?

Hypothesis: Peaceful protests in Yerevan supporting the Karabakh Armenians were met with anti-Armenian pogroms in the Azerbaijani city of Sumgait.


Premise: What was the literacy rate on Tuvalu in 2002?

Hypothesis: The teacher-pupil ratio for primary schools in Tuvalu is around 1:18 for all schools with the exception of Nauti School, which has a teacher-student ratio of 1:27.


Premise: Why are the tops of glaciers rigid?

Hypothesis: The top 50 m (160 ft) of a glacier are rigid because they are under low pressure.


Premise: What nationality wears kilts?

Hypothesis: Many people wore, and still wear, garments consisting of rectangles of cloth wrapped to fit – for example, the dhoti for men and the sari for women in the Indian subcontinent, the Scottish kilt or the Javanese sarong.


Premise: Mass is also equivalent to what?

Hypothesis: It is also equivalent to mass, and this mass is always associated with it.


Premise: Why were travelers often robbed under Fujiwara rule?

Hypothesis: This is implicitly illustrated in novels by the terror that night travel inspired in the main characters.


Premise: What is the conservative Evangelical Christian region called?

Hypothesis: Spanning the southern and eastern parts of the United States, the area is known for politically and socially conservative views, even though Oklahoma has more voters registered with the Democratic Party than with any other party.


Premise: What was the policy created by President Roosevelt due to the boom in defense jobs?

Hypothesis: Due to the boom in defense jobs, thousands of new workers migrated to the city, both blacks and whites competing for the higher-paying jobs.


Premise: Where was the dispersal attempt made?

Hypothesis: The militia tried to disperse attendees, but it turned out to be the largest gathering of Ukrainian Catholics since Stalin outlawed the Church in 1946.


Premise: What was the population of Tuscon in 1940?

Hypothesis: Over the following years the city continued to grow, with the population increasing to 20,292 in 1920 and 36,818 in 1940.


Premise: Haredi and Hasidic Jewry have a stronger connection to what country?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, Orthodox Jews subscribing to Modern Orthodoxy in its American and UK incarnations, tend to be far more right-wing than both non-orthodox and other orthodox Jews.


Premise: What is the purpose of the Three Gorges Dam?

Hypothesis: The plan is hailed by some as China's efforts to shift towards alternative energy sources and to further develop its industrial and commercial bases, but others have criticised it for its potentially harmful effects, such as massive resettlement of residents in the reservoir areas, loss of archeological sites, and ecological damages.


Premise: When were French nobles converted to Protestantism?

Hypothesis: Protestantism also spread from the German lands into France, where the Protestants were nicknamed Huguenots.


Premise: What browser did Andreessen release in 1994?

Hypothesis: Andreessen, the leader of the Mosaic team at National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), soon started his own company, named Netscape, and released the Mosaic-influenced Netscape Navigator in 1994, which quickly became the world's most popular browser, accounting for 90% of all web use at its peak (see usage share of web browsers).


Premise: What type of issue exist over the territories in the South China sea?

Hypothesis: Sovereignty issues exist over some territories in the South China Sea.


Premise: What unit is used to measure current?

Hypothesis: Feeding that antenna with a current of 1 ampere will require 63 volts of RF, and the antenna will radiate 63 watts (ignoring losses) of radio frequency power.


Premise: Which lifelong friend did Popper make in Dunedin?

Hypothesis: In Dunedin he met the Professor of Physiology John Carew Eccles and formed a lifelong friendship with him.


Premise: What is Tucson's NBC station?

Hypothesis: KUAT-TV 6 is a PBS affiliate run by the University of Arizona (as is sister station KUAS 27).


Premise: The value quoted here for the Planck constant is based on a measurement in what year?

Hypothesis: The CODATA value quoted here is based on three watt-balance measurements of KJ2RK and one inter-laboratory determination of the molar volume of silicon, but is mostly determined by a 2007 watt-balance measurement made at the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).


Premise: Who was the president of Sudan in 1975?

Hypothesis: In 1973 he converted Gabonese President Omar Bongo, an action which he repeated three years later with Jean-Bédel Bokassa, president of the Central African Republic.


Premise: What can happen if two over-lapping Grand Lodges are in Amity and decide to share jurisdiction?

Hypothesis: Exclusive Jurisdiction can be waived when the two over-lapping Grand Lodges are themselves in Amity and agree to share jurisdiction (for example, since the Grand Lodge of Connecticut is in Amity with the Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Connecticut, the principle of Exclusive Jurisdiction does not apply, and other Grand Lodges may recognise both).


Premise: In what century did the Carnival become an organized event?

Hypothesis: The tradition was likely established under Venetian rule around the 16th century.


Premise: How much did the percentage of households with access to the internet increase between 2006 and 2013?

Hypothesis: The percentage of households with access to the Internet more than doubled between 2006 and 2013, from 23% to 56% respectively (compared with an EU average of 49% and 79%).


Premise: What Socio economic problems does Utrecht face

Hypothesis: Like Rotterdam, Amsterdam, The Hague and other large Dutch cities, Utrecht faces some socio-economic problems.


Premise: Extremely bright lights used to deter crime are called?

Hypothesis: These are extremely bright lights used to deter crime.


Premise: How many Austrian troops did Charles lead at the Battle of Wagram?

Hypothesis: Charles received the French with 150,000 of his own men.


Premise: What marked the beginning of the Roman Republic?

Hypothesis: However, most use the same date as did the ancient Romans themselves, the Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian and his adopting the title Augustus in 27 BC, as the defining event ending the Republic.


Premise: What does Digimon stand for?

Hypothesis: (デジモン Dejimon, branded as Digimon: Digital Monsters, stylized as DIGIMON), short for "Digital Monsters" (デジタルモンスター Dejitaru Monsutā), is a Japanese media franchise encompassing virtual pet toys, anime, manga, video games, films and a trading card game.


Premise: How long is the amount of railway lines that are electrified?

Hypothesis: Rail transport of passengers and goods is derived using the 2,791 km (1,734 mi) of railway lines currently in service, of which 1,430 km (889 mi) are electrified and about 900 km (559 mi) allow train speeds greater than 120 km/h (75 mph).


Premise: What month is the warmest in Seattle?

Hypothesis: Summers are sunny, dry and warm, with August, the warmest month, averaging 66.1 °F (18.9 °C), and with temperatures reaching 90 °F (32 °C) on 3.1 days per year, although 2011 is the most recent year to not reach 90 °F.


Premise: What model is widely used in macrosociology?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, changes through the Phanerozoic correlate much better with the hyperbolic model (widely used in population biology, demography and macrosociology, as well as fossil biodiversity) than with exponential and logistic models.


Premise: What are codons?

Hypothesis: Genes that encode proteins are composed of a series of three-nucleotide sequences called codons, which serve as the "words" in the genetic "language".


Premise: How many people attended the Monet exhibit?

Hypothesis: In addition to its extensive collections of American Art, European Art and ancient art, the museum recently has hosted major exhibitions featuring Auguste Rodin (in 2000) and Claude Monet (in 2006-07), each attracting more than 200,000 visitors.


Premise: How many people are considered Protestant?

Hypothesis: Some Protestant churches do have a worldwide scope and distribution of membership (notably, the Anglican Communion), while others are confined to a single country, or even are solitary church bodies or congregations (such as the former Prussian Union of churches).


Premise: What new phase of matter can be considered with a focus on elementary particles?

Hypothesis: For much of the history of the natural sciences people have contemplated the exact nature of matter.


Premise: When was a press release put out about Kerry earning the Silver Star?

Hypothesis: The engagement was documented in an after-action report, a press release written on March 1, 1969, and a historical summary dated March 17, 1969.


Premise: How much were both supplies worth?

Hypothesis: The Sichuan Ministry of Civil Affairs said that they have provided 30,000 tents for those left homeless.


Premise: What country had a record-setting 2 million new cases of TB in 2007?

Hypothesis: India had the largest total incidence, with an estimated 2.0 million new cases.


Premise: What sport is played at the Swarnandhra Pradesh Sports Complex?

Hypothesis: The city hosts a number of venues suitable for professional competition such as the Swarnandhra Pradesh Sports Complex for field hockey, the G. M. C. Balayogi Stadium in Gachibowli for athletics and football, and for cricket, the Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium and Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, home ground of the Hyderabad Cricket Association.


Premise: What is the attendant who has a large fan base called?

Hypothesis: The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to escort the flame throughout its journey.


Premise: How much additional binder does rolled asphalt concrete have?

Hypothesis: Mastic asphalt is a type of asphalt which differs from dense graded asphalt (asphalt concrete) in that it has a higher asphalt/bitumen (binder) content, usually around 7–10% of the whole aggregate mix, as opposed to rolled asphalt concrete, which has only around 5% added asphalt/bitumen.


Premise: What type of equipment does the postal union provide?

Hypothesis: The Universal Postal Union is now assisting the Somali Postal Service to develop its capacity, including providing technical assistance and basic mail processing equipment.


Premise: How many members are in the Supreme court?

Hypothesis: Liberia's highest judicial authority is the Supreme Court, made up of five members and headed by the Chief Justice of Liberia.


Premise: Who serves as president of the Senate?

Hypothesis: The Vice President serves as president of the Senate, but he may only vote to break a tie.


Premise: What began to spring up around the post-punk music?

Hypothesis: Accompanying these musical developments were subcultures that produced visual art, multimedia performances, independent record labels and fanzines in conjunction with the music.


Premise: What was another requirement of foreign players?

Hypothesis: In response to concerns that clubs were increasingly passing over young English players in favour of foreign players, in 1999, the Home Office tightened its rules for granting work permits to players from countries outside of the European Union.


Premise: Who refuted the statement that the Queen was critical of the European Union?

Hypothesis: Clegg denied that the Queen made such a statement, and a Buckingham Palace spokesperson confirmed that a complaint had been made to the Independent Press Standards Organisation over a breach of guidelines relating to accuracy.


Premise: What is the decline in PC sales attributed to?

Hypothesis: This capped the first year of declining PC sales to the Asia Pacific region, as consumers bought more mobile devices than Windows PCs.


Premise: How would you convey that something is "presently of importance" in Swedish?

Hypothesis: However, due to shifts in ecological niches of words, a common etymology is sometimes misleading as a guide to current meaning in one or the other language.


Premise: On which date were the French forced to abandon Orleans?

Hypothesis: At first, the Germans were victorious but the French drew reinforcements and defeated the Germans at the Battle of Coulmiers on 9 November.


Premise: Webcomics reach large audiences and new what?

Hypothesis: They are able to reach large audiences, and new readers usually can access archived installments.


Premise: The Royal Dutch Shell Group was created through the merger of which two rival companies?

Hypothesis: Their father had owned an antique company in Houndsditch, London, which expanded in 1833 to import and sell sea-shells, after which the company "Shell" took its name.


Premise: What happened to the Summer Palace?

Hypothesis: By the late 19th century, the most conservative elements within the Qing court could no longer ignore China's military weakness.


Premise: What color silk covered Bell's kites?

Hypothesis: In 1898, Bell experimented with tetrahedral box kites and wings constructed of multiple compound tetrahedral kites covered in maroon silk.[N 23]


Premise: Where had Claridge previously seen asphalt used as pavement?

Hypothesis: Then on 25 November 1837, Richard Tappin Claridge patented the use of Seyssel asphalt (patent #7849), for use in asphalte pavement, having seen it employed in France and Belgium when visiting with Frederick Walter Simms, who worked with him on the introduction of asphalt to Britain.


Premise: Who represents the 7th district?

Hypothesis: The southern fourth is in the 8th district, represented by Stephen Lynch.


Premise: What is one thing that was added in this project?

Hypothesis: The city added a new baseball park; central library; renovations to the civic center, convention center and fairgrounds; and a water canal in the Bricktown entertainment district.


Premise: Storyboards are used a lot by what?

Hypothesis: Film studios, especially in animation, often use sequences of images as guides for film sequences.


Premise: What resulted from the loss of the area the glaciers over the Alps?

Hypothesis: The 1,817 square kilometres (702 sq mi) of the Alps covered by glaciers in 1876 had shrunk to 1,342 km2 (518 sq mi) by 1973, resulting in decreased river run-off levels.


Premise: What are some famous Cypriot artists?

Hypothesis: Cypriot rock music and Éntekhno rock is often associated with artists such as Michalis Hatzigiannis and Alkinoos Ioannidis.


Premise: In what year does 'Terra Nova' begin?

Hypothesis: Terra Nova begins in the year 2149 when all life on the planet Earth is threatened with extinction resulting in scientists opening a door that allows people to travel back 85 million years to prehistoric times.


Premise: What looks at the entire DNA mixture?

Hypothesis: According to Behar, the most parsimonious explanation for this shared Middle Eastern ancestry is that it is "consistent with the historical formulation of the Jewish people as descending from ancient Hebrew and Israelite residents of the Levant" and "the dispersion of the people of ancient Israel throughout the Old World".


Premise: How many previously-separate phyla did the 2007 study reclassify?

Hypothesis: The 2007 study also noted that the ladder-like nervous system, which is associated with segmentation, is less universal previously thought in both annelids and arthropods.[n 2]


Premise: Which president was the first to use wiretaps to find bootleggers?

Hypothesis: Hoover began using wiretapping in the 1920s during Prohibition to arrest bootleggers.


Premise: Who replaced Liniers?

Hypothesis: On 3 February 1807, British troops under the command of General Samuel Auchmuty and Admiral Charles Stirling occupied the city during the Battle of Montevideo (1807), but it was recaptured by the Spanish in the same year on 2 September when John Whitelocke was forced to surrender to troops formed by forces of the Banda Oriental—roughly the same area as modern Uruguay—and of Buenos Aires.


Premise: Which Nobel Prize winner graduated from BYU?

Hypothesis: Four of BYU's thirteen presidents were alumni of the University.


Premise: What language replaced Pascal for System 7?

Hypothesis: Mac OS continued to evolve up to version 9.2.2, including retrofits such as the addition of a nanokernel and support for Multiprocessing Services 2.0 in Mac OS 8.6, though its dated architecture made replacement necessary.


Premise: Whitehead's education style was to teach what?

Hypothesis: Rather than teach small parts of a large number of subjects, Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life.


Premise: What is the name of the person who handed off the torch to the torchbearer in the United States 2008 Olympic relay?

Hypothesis: Newsom, on the other hand, said he felt it was in "everyone's best interest" and that he believed people had been "afforded the right to protest and support the torch" despite the route changes.


Premise: What school was Trubetzkoy a member of?

Hypothesis: Another important figure in the Prague school was Roman Jakobson, who was one of the most prominent linguists of the 20th century.


Premise: Who purchased the 13th century mosaic from the the San Cipriano Church?

Hypothesis: When the church was demolished in the 19th century, the mosaic was bought by Frederick William IV of Prussia.


Premise: Who notably produced monster and science fiction films for Universal?

Hypothesis: Other successes were the melodramas directed by Douglas Sirk and produced by Ross Hunter, although for film critics they were not so well thought of on first release as they have since become.


Premise: What label did NBC sell in 1986?

Hypothesis: ABC had sold its record division to MCA Records in 1979, and in 1986, NBC's parent company RCA was sold to General Electric, who then sold off all other RCA units, including the record division (which was bought by Ariola Records, later known as BMG).


Premise: Were Greek temples built in the Hellenistic period larger or smaller than classical temples?

Hypothesis: Greek temples built during the Hellenistic period were generally larger than classical ones, such as the temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the temple of Artemis at Sardis, and the temple of Apollo at Didyma (rebuilt by Seleucus in 300 BCE).


Premise: What was a major objective of Britain in joining the Austro-Russian alliance?

Hypothesis: Britain's basic framework for the alliance itself was to protect Hanover's interests against France.


Premise: In what city and state is the Arena Football League based?

Hypothesis: Later that year both the AFL and af2 were dissolved and reorganized as a new corporation comprising teams from both leagues, and the AFL returned in 2010.


Premise: Where did the Japanese rush reinforcments to on the western side of Leyte?

Hypothesis: The U.S. Sixth Army continued its advance from the east, as the Japanese rushed reinforcements to the Ormoc Bay area on the western side of the island.


Premise: What 1945 film was a fictionalized accounting of the relationship between Chopin and Sand?

Hypothesis: The 1945 biographical film A Song to Remember earned Cornel Wilde an Academy Award nomination as Best Actor for his portrayal of the composer.


Premise: What has an irreversable effect?

Hypothesis: These Three Jewels bring a fruition that is changeless, for once one has reached Buddhahood, there is no possibility of falling back to suffering.


Premise: When did Max Planck first recognize the value of the Planck constant?

Hypothesis: In 1905 the value E, the minimal energy increment of a hypothetical oscillator, was theoretically associated by Einstein with a "quantum" or minimal element of the energy of the electromagnetic wave itself.


Premise: Mali has one of the highest rates of what type of mortality?

Hypothesis: Mali has one of the world's highest rates of infant mortality, with 106 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2007.


Premise: What conclusions were race anthropologists pressured to revise?

Hypothesis: In the early 20th century, many anthropologists accepted and taught the belief that biologically distinct races were isomorphic with distinct linguistic, cultural, and social groups, while popularly applying that belief to the field of eugenics, in conjunction with a practice that is now called scientific racism.


Premise: Where has interest outside of those areas mainly come from?

Hypothesis: Outside of these circles his influence is relatively small and diffuse, and has tended to come chiefly through the work of his students and admirers rather than Whitehead himself.


Premise: What is the name of the BYU campus in Jerusulem?

Hypothesis: He believed that one of the school's greatest strengths was its religious nature and that this should be taken advantage of rather than hidden.


Premise: What genre was Steven Spielberg's episode of "The Name of the Game"?

Hypothesis: After this, and an episode of Marcus Welby, M.D., Spielberg got his first feature-length assignment: an episode of The Name of the Game called "L.A. 2017".


Premise: How many countries were slated for the Zune Marketplace launch?

Hypothesis: On May 26, 2009, Microsoft announced the future release of the Zune HD (in the fall of 2009), the next addition to the Zune product range.


Premise: What is the volumte of trucks handled at the Otay Mesa crossing?

Hypothesis: A second, primarily commercial border crossing operates in the Otay Mesa area; it is the largest commercial crossing on the California-Baja California border and handles the third-highest volume of trucks and dollar value of trade among all United States-Mexico land crossings.


Premise: What was the average unemployment rate in the U.S. in 2014?

Hypothesis: This is higher than the national average of 6.2%.


Premise: What English representative body provided consent for royal taxation?

Hypothesis: The requirement to obtain the consent of taxpayers allowed representative bodies such as the English Parliament and the French Estates General to gain power and authority.


Premise: When did the Mayor's Trophy Game end?

Hypothesis: Similarly, the New York Yankees played in the Mayor's Trophy Game against various local rivals from 1946 to 1983.


Premise: What does the field of anthrozoology overlap with?

Hypothesis: It is a burgeoning interdisciplinary field that overlaps with a number of other disciplines, including anthropology, ethology, medicine, psychology, veterinary medicine and zoology.


Premise: What may have been buried by the same prehistoric people?

Hypothesis: Seven bear skulls from the cave may have been buried by the same prehistoric people.


Premise: What office was held by Fiame Mata'afa Faumuina Mulinu'u II?

Hypothesis: The next Head of State, Tuiatua Tupua Tamasese Efi, was elected by the legislature on 17 June 2007 for a fixed five-year term, and was re-elected unopposed in July 2012.


Premise: If a team is relegated in the Premier League what type of tv payment do they receive?

Hypothesis: The Premier League distributes a portion of its television revenue to clubs that are relegated from the league in the form of "parachute payments".


Premise: What disease do hospitals hope to prevent by installing copper doornobs?

Hypothesis: Copper doorknobs are used by hospitals to reduce the transfer of disease, and Legionnaires' disease is suppressed by copper tubing in plumbing systems.


Premise: How many hosts are recognized by an iPod the first time they're used?

Hypothesis: A user can access, play, and add music on a second computer if an iPod is set to manual and not automatic sync, but anything added or edited will be reversed upon connecting and syncing with the main computer and its library.


Premise: In what manner are the described genetic alternations given to future generations?

Hypothesis: These cells affect the genetic composition of the host in order to regulate the increasing population of the endosymbionts and ensuring that these genetic changes are passed onto the offspring via vertical transmission (heredity).


Premise: Why did western power believe that the soviet government wouldn’t partake in another world war?

Hypothesis: Britain and France believed that war could still be avoided, and that the Soviet Union, weakened by the Great Purge, could not be a main military participant, a point that many military sources were at variance with, especially Soviet victories over the Japanese Kwantung army on the Manchurian frontier.


Premise: Which nickname did Feynman receive?

Hypothesis: His guiding principle was that, if a topic could not be explained in a freshman lecture, it was not yet fully understood.


Premise: Who taught and accepted the belief that biologically distinct races were isomorphic?

Hypothesis: In the early 20th century, many anthropologists accepted and taught the belief that biologically distinct races were isomorphic with distinct linguistic, cultural, and social groups, while popularly applying that belief to the field of eugenics, in conjunction with a practice that is now called scientific racism.


Premise: Who restored communications over a period of months?

Hypothesis: Elements of telecommunications were restored by the government piece by piece over the next number of months as the situation in the Sichuan province gradually improved.


Premise: When did the Carolina Hurricanes start in Raleigh?

Hypothesis: The National Hockey League's Carolina Hurricanes franchise moved to Raleigh in 1997 from Hartford, Connecticut (where it was known as the Hartford Whalers).


Premise: How much was China going to invest in the European Galileo positioning system project?

Hypothesis: In September 2003, China intended to join the European Galileo positioning system project and was to invest €230 million (USD296 million, GBP160 million) in Galileo over the next few years.


Premise: What was the name of the song that Kris Allen and Adam Lamber released after American Idol?

Hypothesis: This is the first season in which the winner failed to achieve gold album status, and none from that season achieved platinum album status in the U.S.[citation needed]


Premise: When did THe Contemporary Art museum of the Louis Vuitton Foundation open?

Hypothesis: There are also notable private museums; The Contemporary Art museum of the Louis Vuitton Foundation, designed by architect Frank Gehry, opened in October 2014 in the Bois de Boulogne.


Premise: What is the name of Chopin's eldest sister?

Hypothesis: Fryderyk was the couple's second child and only son; he had an elder sister, Ludwika (1807–55), and two younger sisters, Izabela (1811–81) and Emilia (1812–27).


Premise: When did the EU create the European Constitution?

Hypothesis: For example, during the drafting of the European Constitution in 2004, the Spanish government supplied the EU with translations of the text into Basque, Galician, Catalan, and Valencian, but the latter two were identical.


Premise: Which territory did Margaret Thatcher compare Hong Kong to?

Hypothesis: In September 1982, Prime minister Margaret Thatcher travelled to Beijing to negotiate with the Chinese government on the future of Britain's last major and most populous overseas territory, Hong Kong.


Premise: What is the term that refers to the body process that produces new proteins?

Hypothesis: They also form the enzymes that control chemical reactions throughout the body.


Premise: Who won the war?

Hypothesis: The Bolsheviks prevailed after a four-year war, in which mosques and villages were burned down and the population heavily suppressed.


Premise: What is the armed conflict form 1775 to 1783 is known as?

Hypothesis: Beginning the Age of Revolution, the American Revolution and the ensuing political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century saw the Thirteen Colonies of North America overthrow the governance of the Parliament of Great Britain, and then reject the British monarchy itself to become the sovereign United States of America.


Premise: What is gain?

Hypothesis: This property is called gain.


Premise: Where is Southern Hills Country Club?

Hypothesis: Rated one of the top golf courses in the nation, Southern Hills has hosted four PGA Championships, including one in 2007, and three U.S. Opens, the most recent in 2001.


Premise: If the paper is not to be used in the web printing process, what is done?

Hypothesis: The fibres in the paper basically run in the machine direction.


Premise: Who is returning as host?

Hypothesis: Ryan Seacrest returns as host, with Harry Connick Jr., Keith Urban, and Jennifer Lopez all returning for their respective third, fourth, and fifth seasons as judges.


Premise: Who gave the coat of arms to others?

Hypothesis: These families were granted their coats of arms under the Union of Horodlo (1413).


Premise: What do Jehovah Witnesses see themselves as, which transcends national boundaries and ethnic loyalties?

Hypothesis: They do not work in industries associated with the military, do not serve in the armed services, and refuse national military service, which in some countries may result in their arrest and imprisonment.


Premise: What is the population of Florida

Hypothesis: The population of Florida in the 2010 census was 18,801,310.


Premise: Which conflicts brought Europeans into contact with Arabs prior to the 12th century?

Hypothesis: Despite these crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences.


Premise: In Africa, the finances are often moved where?

Hypothesis: In Nigeria, for example, more than $400 billion was stolen from the treasury by Nigeria's leaders between 1960 and 1999.


Premise: The synagogue located in Bet She'an had what kind of symbols depicted in its mosaic?

Hypothesis: The floor had only decorative motifs and an aedicule (shrine) with cultic symbols.


Premise: Which online activity has been consistently associated with increased liklihood of depression?

Hypothesis: A 2015 review reported that “adolescents lack awareness of strategies to cope with cyberbullying, which has been consistently associated with an increased likelihood of depression.


Premise: In what year did the European Parliament adopt a resolution to remove "race" from all official texts?

Hypothesis: Indeed, in 1996, the European Parliament adopted a resolution stating that "the term should therefore be avoided in all official texts".


Premise: From the beginning of the 21st century, how does the population growth in urban areas compare to the countryside?

Hypothesis: However, from the beginning of the 21st century, the population growth in urban areas is higher than in the countryside.


Premise: How does Houston's George Bush Intercontinental Airport rank for number of passengers?

Hypothesis: The Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center stands on the George Bush Intercontinental Airport grounds.


Premise: What belief system taught the idea of samsara?

Hypothesis: Buddha found a Middle Way that ameliorated the extreme asceticism found in the Sramana religions.


Premise: Where did the torch relay begin in London for the 2008 Olympics?

Hypothesis: The torch relay leg held in London, the host city of the 2012 Summer Olympics, on April 6 began at Wembley Stadium, passed through the City of London, and eventually ended at O2 Arena in the eastern part of the city.


Premise: When was the Congo's train system built?

Hypothesis: The country's rail system was built by forced laborers during the 1930s and largely remains in operation.


Premise: Who owns the majority of critical habitat?

Hypothesis: The amendment created a permit process to circumvent the take prohibition called a Habitat Conservation Plan or HCP to give incentives to non-federal land managers and private landowners to help protect listed and unlisted species, while allowing economic development that may harm ("take") the species.


Premise: What is another pre-modern Chinese name for Tibet?

Hypothesis: Other pre-modern Chinese names for Tibet include Wusiguo (Chinese: 烏斯國; pinyin: Wūsīguó; cf.


Premise: What is a common feature of passive solar architecture?

Hypothesis: The common features of passive solar architecture are orientation relative to the Sun, compact proportion (a low surface area to volume ratio), selective shading (overhangs) and thermal mass.


Premise: What states that energy tends to become more evenly spread out across the universe?

Hypothesis: The second law of thermodynamics states that energy (and matter) tends to become more evenly spread out across the universe: to concentrate energy (or matter) in one specific place, it is necessary to spread out a greater amount of energy (as heat) across the remainder of the universe ("the surroundings").[note 3] Simpler organisms can achieve higher energy efficiencies than more complex ones, but the complex organisms can occupy ecological niches that are not available to their simpler brethren.


Premise: What company produced nylon and acrylic in the 1930s and 1940s?

Hypothesis: Some garments were created from fabrics based on these fibers, such as women's hosiery from nylon, but it was not until the introduction of polyester into the fiber marketplace in the early 1950s that the market for cotton came under threat.


Premise: What did the RCC do with remnants of the monarchy?

Hypothesis: The coup completed, the RCC proceeded with their intentions of consolidating the revolutionary government and modernizing the country.


Premise: How much did China National Petroleum Corp and Sinopec donate?

Hypothesis: Central State-owned enterprises have accumulatively donated more than $48.6 million.


Premise: What did the use of pottery help early Japanese societies develop?

Hypothesis: Early Japanese societies and other East Asian cultures used pottery before developing agriculture.


Premise: How many versions of the iPod currently exist?

Hypothesis: The first line was released on October 23, 2001, about 8½ months after iTunes (Macintosh version) was released.


Premise: When did Britain withdraw from the Maldives?

Hypothesis: The British withdrew from Aden in 1967, Bahrain in 1971, and Maldives in 1976.


Premise: What country conquered the Algiers from the Ottomans in   1830?

Hypothesis: European colonialism in the Sahara began in the 19th century.


Premise: Is residential architecture in Melbourne defined by a single architectural style or an eclectic mix of buildings?

Hypothesis: Free standing dwellings with relatively large gardens are perhaps the most common type of housing outside inner city Melbourne.


Premise: The German rocket center was located in what city?

Hypothesis: The German rocket center in Peenemünde was located in the eastern part of Germany, which became the Soviet zone of occupation.


Premise: What problem arises for fast and large capacity elevators?

Hypothesis: Historically, AC motors were used for single or double speed elevator machines on the grounds of cost and lower usage applications where car speed and passenger comfort were less of an issue, but for higher speed, larger capacity elevators, the need for infinitely variable speed control over the traction machine becomes an issue.


Premise: Beyonce holds the record for how many wins in one night by a female?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé has won 20 Grammy Awards, both as a solo artist and member of Destiny's Child, making her the second most honored female artist by the Grammys, behind Alison Krauss and the most nominated woman in Grammy Award history with 52 nominations.


Premise: Which bird system is large relative to a bird's size?

Hypothesis: The most developed part of the brain is the one that controls the flight-related functions, while the cerebellum coordinates movement and the cerebrum controls behaviour patterns, navigation, mating and nest building.


Premise: What type of traders did the trading companies employ on Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: Trading companies became active in Tuvalu in the mid-19th century; the trading companies engaged palagi traders who lived on the islands.


Premise: What did people in the crowd wave at the beginning of the relay?

Hypothesis: It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea.


Premise: Notre Dame got a "B" for its sustainability practices from which entity?

Hypothesis: On the Sustainable Endowments Institute's College Sustainability Report Card 2010, University of Notre Dame received a "B" grade.


Premise: In Lazarus' view, what could the cognitive activity be if it was not conscious?

Hypothesis: One of the main proponents of this view was Richard Lazarus who argued that emotions must have some cognitive intentionality.


Premise: What are a couple examples of Summer music festivals held in Portugal?

Hypothesis: There is also the student festivals of Queima das Fitas are major events in a number of cities across Portugal.


Premise: A Universal Machine is known as what today?

Hypothesis: Except for the limitations imposed by their finite memory stores, modern computers are said to be Turing-complete, which is to say, they have algorithm execution capability equivalent to a universal Turing machine.


Premise: What are estuaries called in Galicia?

Hypothesis: Topographically, a remarkable feature of Galicia is the presence of many firth-like inlets along the coast, estuaries that were drowned with rising sea levels after the ice age.


Premise: Who founded the Atlanta-based Intercontinental Exchange?

Hypothesis: Michael Greenberger specifically named the Atlanta-based IntercontinentalExchange, founded by Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and BP as playing a key role in speculative run-up of oil futures prices traded off the regulated futures exchanges in London and New York.


Premise: Who was the Prime Minister who reached this agreement with the US?

Hypothesis: One of the terms of the agreement was that the airfield the US Army built would be used jointly by the US and the UK (which it was for the duration of the war, with RAF Transport Command relocating there from Darrell's Island in 1943).


Premise: What was the name of vincent van Gogh's brother?

Hypothesis: Describing his painting, The Night Cafe, to his brother Theo in 1888, Van Gogh wrote: "I sought to express with red and green the terrible human passions.


Premise: In what century were distinct Gothic details used on new construction at Oxford and Cambridge?

Hypothesis: Also in the late 17th century, some discrete Gothic details appeared on new construction at Oxford University and Cambridge University, notably on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, by Christopher Wren.


Premise: What school provides maritime education on Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: Job opportunities also exist as observers on tuna boats where the role is to monitor compliance with the boat's tuna fishing licence.


Premise: What was the name of the airport the United States built on Ascension Island?

Hypothesis: During the Second World War, the United States built Wideawake airport on Ascension in 1942, but no military use was made of Saint Helena.


Premise: How are minor infectious diseases treated?

Hypothesis: In practice most minor infectious diseases such as warts, cutaneous abscesses, respiratory system infections and diarrheal diseases are diagnosed by their clinical presentation and treated without knowledge of the specific causative agent.


Premise: On what campus is the University of Kansas School of Engineering located?

Hypothesis: The School of Engineering was officially founded in 1891, although engineering degrees were awarded as early as 1873.


Premise: Why was dBASE successful?

Hypothesis: C. Wayne Ratliff the creator of dBASE stated: "dBASE was different from programs like BASIC, C, FORTRAN, and COBOL in that a lot of the dirty work had already been done.


Premise: Who created the script for the story scenes?

Hypothesis: Takano created the script for the story scenes, while Kyogoku and Takayuki Ikkaku handled the actual in-game script.


Premise: In what year was Cesar made pontifex maximus?

Hypothesis: In 63 BC, Julius Caesar's appointment as pontifex maximus "signaled his emergence as a major player in Roman politics".


Premise: How long did Stalins version of what happened between the Germans and the Soviets last?

Hypothesis: In response to the publication of the secret protocols and other secret German–Soviet relations documents in the State Department edition Nazi–Soviet Relations (1948), Stalin published Falsifiers of History, which included the claim that, during the Pact's operation, Stalin rejected Hitler's claim to share in a division of the world, without mentioning the Soviet offer to join the Axis.


Premise: How diverse is Zhejiang, linguistically speaking?

Hypothesis: Linguistically speaking, Zhejiang is extremely diverse.


Premise: What brothers have had significant classical training?

Hypothesis: Some "popular" genre musicians have had significant classical training, such as Billy Joel, Elton John, the Van Halen brothers, Randy Rhoads and Ritchie Blackmore.


Premise: How many inquiries did Mintini receive regarding missing persons ?

Hypothesis: Montini was several times openly attacked by Benito Mussolini's government as a politician, and meddling in politics, but each time he found powerful defenses by the Vatican.


Premise: Why are 99% of pesticide related deaths in underdeveloped countries?

Hypothesis: According to one study, as many as 25 million workers in developing countries may suffer mild pesticide poisoning yearly.


Premise: How are goods imported to Norfolk Island?

Hypothesis: There are no safe harbour facilities on Norfolk Island, with loading jetties existing at Kingston and Cascade Bay.


Premise: How many orginal founding patrons are there of the Great Amphictyonic League ?

Hypothesis: The name Hellenes seems to be older and it was probably used by the Greeks with the establishment of the Great Amphictyonic League.


Premise: When did he step down?

Hypothesis: After agreeing to sign the Boxer Protocol the government then initiated unprecedented fiscal and administrative reforms, including elections, a new legal code, and abolition of the examination system.


Premise: Where do the cardinals work?

Hypothesis: Each cardinal takes on a titular church, either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees.


Premise: What song off of Kanye's fifth album was a hit internationally?

Hypothesis: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy, West's fifth studio album, was released in November 2010 to rave reviews from critics, many of whom described it as his best work that solidified his comeback.


Premise: In 2013-14, how much did the Premier League's Welsh clubs increase by?

Hypothesis: The number of Welsh clubs in the Premier League increased to two for the first time in 2013–14, as Cardiff City gained promotion, but Cardiff City was relegated after its maiden season.


Premise: What other people worked with von Neumann on target selection?

Hypothesis: The cultural capital Kyoto, which had been spared the bombing inflicted upon militarily significant cities, was von Neumann's first choice, a selection seconded by Manhattan Project leader General Leslie Groves.


Premise: How long do passage migrants stop and feed before resuming migration?

Hypothesis: The birds are referred to as passage migrants in the regions where they occur for short durations between the origin and destination.


Premise: In additional to rising populations and increased urbanisation, what else did Commercial development increase the need for?

Hypothesis: Literacy rates are difficult to gauge, but in France at least, the rates doubled over the course of the 18th century.


Premise: What is produced on a computer display when light from the green primary is mixed with some light from the blue primary?

Hypothesis: A unique green (green appearing neither yellowish nor bluish) is produced on such a device by mixing light from the green primary with some light from the blue primary.


Premise: Which journalist criticized the Wii version for its controls?

Hypothesis: Twilight Princess's graphics were praised for the art style and animation, although the game was designed for the GameCube, which is technically lacking compared to the next generation consoles.


Premise: What bans the killing of all wild animals in India?

Hypothesis: India's Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 bans the killing of all wild animals.


Premise: How many students attended Eton free of charge in 2014?

Hypothesis: In early 2014, this figure had risen to 263 pupils receiving the equivalent of around 60% of school fee assistance, whilst a further 63 received their education free of charge.


Premise: Before 1857, who controlled most of India?

Hypothesis: After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire.


Premise: What was the name of the route that linked Germany,Switzerland , Netherlands, and England

Hypothesis: Cities such as Colmar and Hagenau also began to grow in economic importance and gained a kind of autonomy within the "Decapole" or "Dekapolis", a federation of ten free towns.


Premise: What does there medicines do for livestock?

Hypothesis: This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country".


Premise: How many all-male boarding schools exist in the UK?

Hypothesis: Following the public school tradition, Eton is a full boarding school, which means all pupils live at the school, and it is one of four such remaining single-sex boys' public schools in the United Kingdom (the others being Harrow, Radley, and Winchester) to continue this practice.


Premise: What has caused more people of mixed races to the US?

Hypothesis: Diverse immigration has brought more mixed-race people into the United States, such as the large population of Hispanics identifying as mestizos.


Premise: What is consumed on Ash Wednesday?

Hypothesis: Although traditions vary from town to town, some common characteristics of Dutch Carnaval include a parade, a "prince" plus cortège ("Jester/adjutant and Council of 11"), a Peasant Wedding (boerenbruiloft), and eating herring (haring happen) on Ash Wednesday.


Premise: Where does rationalism say knowledge comes from?

Hypothesis: This view is commonly contrasted with rationalism, which states that knowledge may be derived from reason independently of the senses.


Premise: When did the Montgomery Bus Boycott take place?

Hypothesis: In the years following its release, many reviewers considered To Kill a Mockingbird a novel primarily concerned with race relations.


Premise: During what years were the bones moved from Cimetiere des Innocents to the catacombs?

Hypothesis: The process of moving bones from Cimetière des Innocents to the catacombs took place between 1786 and 1814; part of the network of tunnels and remains can be visited today on the official tour of the catacombs.


Premise: What is Switzerland's ranking for per capita gross domestic product on the IMF list?

Hypothesis: Switzerland ranks top or close to the top in several metrics of national performance, including government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic competitiveness, and human development.


Premise: How long did the presidential term become under the new constitution?

Hypothesis: A new constitution, agreed upon by referendum in January 2002, granted the president new powers, extended his term to seven years, and introduced a new bicameral assembly.


Premise: What subatomic particle has no volume or rest mass?

Hypothesis: By contrast, massless particles, such as photons, are not considered matter, because they have neither rest mass nor volume.


Premise: What is a popular use for LED lighting?

Hypothesis: Light-emitting diodes are now used in applications as diverse as aviation lighting, automotive headlamps, advertising, general lighting, traffic signals, camera flashes and lighted wallpaper.


Premise: How long did it take for Jacobi's first world record to be broken?

Hypothesis: It was not until 1839/40 that other developers worldwide managed to build motors of similar and later also of higher performance.


Premise: Who are two prominent members of the PLP?

Hypothesis: The PLP, the party in government when the decision to join CARICOM was made, has been dominated for decades by West Indians and their descendants.


Premise: What system was adopted in Hungary after WWII?

Hypothesis: A few decades after the Second World War, the 16 kV was changed to the Russian and later French 25 kV system.


Premise: What is to be used to guarantee the debtors repayment, by the banks assuming their debt?

Hypothesis: Another possible response is for wealthy member countries to guarantee or purchase the debt of countries that have defaulted or are likely to default.


Premise: Approximately how much was spent on non-food retail sales in London in 2010?

Hypothesis: Along with professional services, media companies are concentrated in London and the media distribution industry is London's second most competitive sector.


Premise: What system delegates military and foreign affairs to the central government and local affairs to the city states?

Hypothesis: In states such as the Achaean league, this also involved the admission of other ethnic groups into the federation with equal rights, in this case, non-Achaeans.


Premise: How many finalists made it to the finals for seasons two and three?

Hypothesis: In seasons two and three, each of the three judges championed one contestant with the public advancing a fourth into the finals, making 12 finalists in all.


Premise: How long is a quarter in minutes?

Hypothesis: If the 15 minutes of a quarter expire while the ball is live, the quarter is extended until the ball becomes dead.


Premise: Which company purchased Latimer's patent?

Hypothesis: Latimer patented other improvements such as a better way of attaching filaments to their wire supports.


Premise: How does Oklahoma rank among US states for producing natural gas?

Hypothesis: Oklahoma is an important producer of natural gas, aircraft, and food.


Premise: What was the title of Kanye's sixth album?

Hypothesis: It also continues West's practice of eclectic samples: he employs a sample of Nina Simone's "Strange Fruit," an obscure Hindi sample on "I Am a God", and a sample of 1970s Hungarian rock group Omega on "New Slaves".


Premise: When was Catalan's Golden Age as a dominant language?

Hypothesis: 19th-century Spain saw a Catalan literary revival, which culminated in the 1913 orthographic standardization, and the officialization of the language during the Second Spanish Republic (1931–39).


Premise: What percentage of the City of Bostons population is 19 and under?

Hypothesis: In the city, the population was spread out with 21.9% at age 19 and under, 14.3% from 20 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% who were 65 years of age or older.


Premise: What persisted and led to the Eritrean-Ethiopian War of 1998-2000?

Hypothesis: Subsequent annexation into Ethiopia led to the Eritrean War of Independence, ending with Eritrean independence following a referendum in April 1993.


Premise: Where are the clicks meant for the top level page routed?

Hypothesis: The attacker is basically "hijacking" the clicks meant for the top level page and routing them to some other irrelevant page, most likely owned by someone else.


Premise: Who did Russia help during the Hungarian Revolution?

Hypothesis: Russia had assisted Austria's efforts in suppressing the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, and expected gratitude; it wanted a free hand in settling its problems with the Ottoman Empire — the "sick man of Europe".


Premise: How tall is the JP Morgan Chase Tower?

Hypothesis: It is the tallest structure in Texas, 15th tallest building in the United States, and the 85th tallest skyscraper in the world, based on highest architectural feature.


Premise: Can a homosexual person still grow their sexual identiries while with the opposit sex?

Hypothesis: Coming out of the closet to oneself, a spouse of the opposite sex, and children can present challenges that are not faced by gay and lesbian people who are not married to people of the opposite sex or do not have children.


Premise: What makes Armenia's presidential elections faulty?

Hypothesis: Freedom House categorized Armenia in its 2008 report as a "Semi-consolidated Authoritarian Regime" (along with Moldova, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia) and ranked Armenia 20th among 29 nations in transition, with a Democracy Score of 5.21 out of 7 (7 represents the lowest democratic progress).


Premise: Who annexed Alsace to the new German Empire in 1871?

Hypothesis: France started the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71), and was defeated by the Kingdom of Prussia and other German states.


Premise: Who replaced Dowding on November 25?

Hypothesis: Whitehall's disquiet at the failures of the RAF led to the replacement of Dowding (who was already due for retirement) with Sholto Douglas on 25 November.


Premise: How did the ruler of Pontus anger Rome?

Hypothesis: The Roman general Lucius Cornelius Sulla forced Mithridates out of Greece proper, but then had to return to Italy to answer the internal threat posed by his rival, Gaius Marius.


Premise: Where is the Bahá'í place of worship located in Samoa?

Hypothesis: Samoa hosts one of seven Bahá'í Houses of Worship in the world; completed in 1984 and dedicated by the Head of State, it is located in Tiapapata, 8 km (5 mi) from Apia.


Premise: How many protesters filled Lenin Square on August 19th?

Hypothesis: On August 19, 600,000 protesters jammed Baku’s Lenin Square (now Azadliq Square) to demand the release of political prisoners.


Premise: What activity is done using a greased pole?

Hypothesis: Other traditions included climbing a greased pole, feasting and drinking competitions.


Premise: Some people waved plastic inflated flames, saying they symbolize what?

Hypothesis: Members of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China, including pro-democracy activist Szeto Wah, waved novelty inflatable plastic Olympic flames, which they said symbolised democracy.


Premise: How are political parties elected in democracies?

Hypothesis: In democracies, political parties are elected by the electorate to run a government.


Premise: What was designed for the west front of the abbey but not built?

Hypothesis: Images of the abbey prior to the construction of the towers are scarce, though the abbey's official website states that the building was without towers following Yevele's renovation, with just the lower segments beneath the roof level of the Nave completed.


Premise: Where was the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert held?

Hypothesis: The concert is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as "The largest rock star benefit concert", as it was televised to over 1.2 billion viewers worldwide, and raised over £20,000,000 for AIDS charities.


Premise: How much did the Genesis version of Mortal Kombat out-sell the SNES version?

Hypothesis: One game, Mortal Kombat, would challenge this policy.


Premise: Who was the inaugural Communist Party Secretary of Zhenjiang?

Hypothesis: Several political figures who served as Zhejiang's top political office of Communist Party Secretary have played key roles in various events in PRC history.


Premise: What was the reason that many rescue teams could not join the relief efforts?

Hypothesis: However, the Red Cross Society of China said that (on May 13) "it was inconvenient currently due to the traffic problem to the hardest hit areas closest to the epicenter."


Premise: Where is Saraiki usually spoken?

Hypothesis: There is not a single district in the province where Punjabi language is mother-tongue of less than 89% of population.


Premise: What did Ibn Sina classify into stones?

Hypothesis: Ibn Sina classified minerals into stones, fusible substances, sulfurs, and salts, building on the ideas of Aristotle and Jabir.


Premise: How many forklift are available for use in it everyday production?

Hypothesis: Five shore cranes with a 250-ton capacity and 26 forklifts, each with a 26-ton capacity, are also available.


Premise: Who built the "ascending room", in 1823?

Hypothesis: These steam driven devices were soon being applied to a diverse set of purposes - in 1823, two architects working in London, Burton and Hormer, built and operated a novel tourist attraction, which they called the "ascending room".


Premise: How many public parks did Penn plan?

Hypothesis: The original city plan was designed to allow for easy travel and to keep residences separated by open space that would help prevent the spread of fire.


Premise: Which president of the US awarded Lee the Presidential Medal of Freedom?

Hypothesis: In his remarks, Bush stated, "One reason To Kill a Mockingbird succeeded is the wise and kind heart of the author, which comes through on every page ...


Premise: Who was in control of Estonia before the Germans?

Hypothesis: Although initially the Germans were welcomed by most Estonians as liberators from the USSR and its oppressions, and hopes were raised for the restoration of the country's independence, it was soon realised that the Nazis were but another occupying power.


Premise: How did Anjiro think the Japanese would accept Christianity?

Hypothesis: Xavier made the decision to go to Japan in part because this low-ranking samurai convinced him in Portuguese that the Japanese people were highly educated and eager to learn.


Premise: Companies including Viacom and Mediaset have done what against youtube?

Hypothesis: YouTube responded by stating that it "goes far beyond its legal obligations in assisting content owners to protect their works".


Premise: Who expanded on Avicenna's work in temporal logic?

Hypothesis: Avicenna's work was further developed by Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī and became the dominant system of Islamic logic until modern times.


Premise: what year was it said the first island landing was made?

Hypothesis: Some sources state that the Portuguese made the first landing in 1520, when the Lás Rafael captained by Ruy Vaz Pereira called at Tristan for water.


Premise: Where did the first relay runner disappear to with the torch??

Hypothesis: The relay descended into confusion as the first runner in the elaborately planned relay disappeared into a warehouse on a waterfront pier where it stayed for a half-an-hour.


Premise: The Vietnam War was an element of what US diplomatic policy?

Hypothesis: One side views the war as a necessary part of the Containment policy, which allowed the enemy to choose the time and place of warfare.


Premise: What transformed a large part of the world in the 19th century?

Hypothesis: The evolution of the Greek economy during the 19th century (a period that transformed a large part of the world because of the Industrial Revolution) has been little researched.


Premise: Who was in control of the south of China?

Hypothesis: After Cao's defeat at the naval Battle of Red Cliffs in 208 AD, China was divided into three spheres of influence, with Cao Cao dominating the north, Sun Quan (182–252 AD) dominating the south, and Liu Bei (161–223 AD) dominating the west.


Premise: What three names did Portugal become known as after Vimara Peres was knighted?

Hypothesis: After annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal).


Premise: What medium has seen the biggest fall in sales as of late?

Hypothesis: In 2014, the sale of vinyl records was the only physical music medium with increasing sales with relation to the previous year.


Premise: On what day did Duke William II of Normandy become King of England?

Hypothesis: In 1097, William II began the building of Westminster Hall, close by the abbey of the same name.


Premise: Which Queen album was released in 1991?

Hypothesis: In 1990, Queen ended their contract with Capitol and signed with Disney's Hollywood Records, which has since remained the group's music catalogue owner in the United States and Canada.


Premise: When did the Qing dynasty begin to rule in Tibet?

Hypothesis: Qing dynasty rule in Tibet began with their 1720 expedition to the country when they expelled the invading Dzungars.


Premise: Disease propagation can fall under the purview of what field of study?

Hypothesis: The medical treatment of infectious diseases falls into the medical field of Infectious Disease and in some cases the study of propagation pertains to the field of Epidemiology.


Premise: What is one important category of building that was recognized during the Romanesque period?

Hypothesis: The important categories of building: the cathedral church, the parish church, the monastery, the castle, the palace, the great hall, the gatehouse, the civic building, had been established in the Romanesque period.


Premise: What kind of ports are Taizhou and Ningbo?

Hypothesis: The Hangzhou Bay Bridge between Haiyan County and Cixi, is the longest bridge over a continuous body of sea water in the world.


Premise: How does the prey improve their evolutionary abilities through predator-prey interaction?

Hypothesis: The relationship between predator and prey is one that is typically beneficial to the predator, and detrimental to the prey species.


Premise: At what rough time did the Cambrian era start?

Hypothesis: The Cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma.


Premise: What purpose did Norfolk Island serve for the majority of the time from 1788 until 1855?

Hypothesis: Norfolk Island was colonised by East Polynesians but was long unpeopled when it was settled by Great Britain as part of its settlement of Australia from 1788.


Premise: Which organism acts as a single non coding RNA gene?

Hypothesis: The genome size, and the number of genes it encodes varies widely between organisms.


Premise: Which part of his body did Schwarzenegger work to develop with Coach Bennett?

Hypothesis: Yorton's leg definition had been judged superior, and Schwarzenegger, under a training program devised by Bennett, concentrated on improving the muscle definition and power in his legs.


Premise: What was the name of the settlement that was assessed after the evactuation?

Hypothesis: The 1961 eruption of Queen Mary's Peak forced the evacuation of the entire population via Cape Town to England.


Premise: How old was Monica Bellucci when she filmed Spectre?

Hypothesis: It was later revealed with the film's release that he is Ernst Stavro Blofeld.


Premise: What radiates two lobes perpendicular to the antennas axis?

Hypothesis: The most widely used class of antenna, a dipole antenna consists of two symmetrical radiators such as metal rods or wires, with one side of the balanced feedline from the transmitter or receiver attached to each.


Premise: What is Brasilia famous for?

Hypothesis: After a visit to Brasília, the French writer Simone de Beauvoir complained that all of its superquadras exuded "the same air of elegant monotony," and other observers have equated the city's large open lawns, plazas, and fields to wastelands.


Premise: What was being protested in Estonia?

Hypothesis: On October 21, a demonstration dedicated to those who gave their lives in the 1918–1920 Estonian War of Independence took place in Võru, which culminated in a conflict with the militia.


Premise: What other areas has wrestling garnered interest from?

Hypothesis: It is often included as part of studies on theatre, sociology, performance, and media.


Premise: What was there an influx of waves of coming into Sumerian lands?

Hypothesis: The last of these eventually came to dominate the south of Mesopotamia as the Babylonian Empire, just as the Old Assyrian Empire had already done so in the north from the late 21st century BC.


Premise: When did the Israeli air force destroy Iraq's sole nuclear reactor?

Hypothesis: Following a series of PLO attacks in 1982, Israel invaded Lebanon that year to destroy the bases from which the PLO launched attacks and missiles into northern Israel.


Premise: Where is South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust headquartered?

Hypothesis: South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust operates in Plymouth and the rest of the south west; its headquarters are in Exeter.


Premise: What did Jefferson refuse to issue, when it was sent to him by Congress during his presidency?

Hypothesis: Jefferson refused to issue Proclamations of Thanksgiving sent to him by Congress during his presidency, though he did issue a Thanksgiving and Prayer proclamation as Governor of Virginia.


Premise: What is another name for magister?

Hypothesis: A more political side of the Radical Reformation can be seen in the thought and practice of Hans Hut, although typically Anabaptism has been associated with pacifism.


Premise: What party benefited from the accession of Valens?

Hypothesis: The news created the greatest consternation in the city of Alexandria itself, and the prefect, in order to prevent a serious outbreak, gave public assurance that the very special case of Athanasius would be laid before the emperor.


Premise: What process converts solar energy into storable and transportable fuels?

Hypothesis: Solar chemical processes use solar energy to drive chemical reactions.


Premise: After the 2003 incident, what was the next major year in which conerns were raised?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, allegations of bullying have continued: in 2007, concerns were raised about the methods that were being used to fire people in the Faculty of Medicine.


Premise: What type of journal does the Law Review strive to publish?

Hypothesis: The Law Review recently extended its presence onto the web, and now publishes scholarly pieces weekly on the Colloquy.


Premise: Did MUSE have a large or small target market, even in Japan?

Hypothesis: Equipment prices were high, especially for early HDTVs which generally eclipsed US$10,000, and even in Japan the market for MUSE was tiny.


Premise: What is undisputed about early humans?

Hypothesis: With the establishment of language, culture, and religion, hunting became a theme of stories and myths, as well as rituals such as dance and animal sacrifice.


Premise: What is the technique Aavic used to create Estonian words out of nothing?

Hypothesis: In Aavik’s dictionary (1921), which lists approximately 4000 words, there are many words which were (allegedly) created ex nihilo, many of which are in common use today.


Premise: Along with individual tributes, what form did TCM Remembers occur in?

Hypothesis: Every December, a longer, more inclusive "TCM Remembers" interstitial is produced that honors all of the noted film personalities who died during the past year, interspersed with scenes from settings such as an abandoned drive-in (2012) or a theatre which is closing down and is being dismantled (2013).


Premise: Why did the Chinese goverment denounce the accord?

Hypothesis: The Chinese government denounced the agreement as illegal.


Premise: What intellectual movement informed and influenced a variety of post-punk artists?

Hypothesis: Among major influences on a variety of post-punk artists were writers such as William S. Burroughs and J.G. Ballard, avant-garde political scenes such as Situationism and Dada, and intellectual movements such as postmodernism.


Premise: How many students attended the school?

Hypothesis: Ye Zhiping, the principal of Sangzao Middle School in Sangzao, one of the largest in An County, has been credited with proactive action that spared the lives of all 2,323 pupils in attendance when the earthquake happened.


Premise: What is the differing characteristic of contemporary computer science?

Hypothesis: One area in which advances in computing have contributed to more general scientific development is by facilitating large-scale archiving of scientific data.


Premise: Literature intended for performance is what?

Hypothesis: A play is a subset of this form, referring to the written dramatic work of a playwright that is intended for performance in a theatre; it comprises chiefly dialogue between characters, and usually aims at dramatic or theatrical performance rather than at reading.


Premise: Spectre passed which movie to have the largest per screen opening average?

Hypothesis: In the U.K., it surpassed Avatar to become the country's highest-grossing IMAX release ever with $10.09 million.


Premise: Where could a householder rekindle the home's flame?

Hypothesis: Any householder could rekindle their own household fire from Vesta's flame.


Premise: What moves through the arteries?

Hypothesis: Travelling through the arterioles blood moves into the capillaries where gas exchange can occur.


Premise: What sort of theme is thought memorable for modern pub names?

Hypothesis: Modern names are sometimes a marketing ploy or attempt to create "brand awareness", frequently using a comic theme thought to be memorable, Slug and Lettuce for a pub chain being an example.


Premise: With what French city is Plymouth twinned?

Hypothesis: Plymouth City Council is formally twinned with: Brest, France (1963), Gdynia, Poland (1976), Novorossiysk, Russia (1990)


Premise: What type of weapon is the Polybolos?

Hypothesis: An unknown engineer developed the torsion-spring catapult (ca. 360) and Dionysios of Alexandria designed a repeating ballista, the Polybolos.


Premise: What chapter in the Spanish constitution describes how bills are to be passed?

Hypothesis: Title IV of the 1978 Spanish constitution invests the Consentimiento Real (Royal Assent) and promulgation (publication) of laws with the monarch of Spain, while Title III, The Cortes Generales, Chapter 2, Drafting of Bills, outlines the method by which bills are passed.


Premise: What type of atmosphere can LED lighting be used?

Hypothesis: Recent developments in LEDs permit them to be used in environmental and task lighting.


Premise: Arterial microinjuries and heart disease can all be linked back to which health issue that is caused by hyperinsulinemia?

Hypothesis: For example, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are strongly linked to chronic inflammation, which in turn is strongly linked to a variety of adverse developments such as arterial microinjuries and clot formation (i.e., heart disease) and exaggerated cell division (i.e., cancer).


Premise: Did Athanasius tell the people to protest?

Hypothesis: On 23 October the people gathered about the proscribed bishop to protest against the emperor's decree; but Athanasius urged them to submit, consoling them with the promise that his absence would be of short duration.


Premise: On which recording types were pre-emphasis used most in the 1920s?

Hypothesis: This meant that the electrical recording characteristics of Western Electric licensees such as Columbia Records and Victor Talking Machine Company in the 1925 era had a higher amplitude in the midrange region.


Premise: After Gaddafi stepped down from the GPC, what title did he take?

Hypothesis: In December 1978, Gaddafi stepped down as Secretary-General of the GPC, announcing his new focus on revolutionary rather than governmental activities; this was part of his new emphasis on separating the apparatus of the revolution from the government.


Premise: What wildlife was covered by the first federal wildlife commerce regulation?

Hypothesis: The Lacey Act of 1900 was the first federal law that regulated commercial animal markets.


Premise: Comcast's purchase of Spectator gave them what sports teams in Philadelphia?

Hypothesis: Comcast-Spectacor holdings now include the Philadelphia Flyers NHL hockey team, the Philadelphia 76ers National Basketball Association basketball team and two large multipurpose arenas in Philadelphia.


Premise: What negative effects can antibiotics have on the vaginal area?

Hypothesis: However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects.


Premise: The standard description of measurement in quantum mechanics is what?

Hypothesis: This is generally a consequence of time being modeled by a parameter in the system being analyzed, where there is no "proper time": the direction of the arrow of time is sometimes arbitrary.


Premise: If dendrochronology can't be used, what method would scientists employ to date wood?

Hypothesis: A 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago.


Premise: What type of educational institution does the term madrasa refer?

Hypothesis: In the West, the word usually refers to a specific type of religious school or college for the study of the Islamic religion, though this may not be the only subject studied.


Premise: What is the Usher of the Order?

Hypothesis: The Usher of the Order is known as the Gentleman Usher of the Purple Rod; he does not – unlike his Order of the Garter equivalent, the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod – perform any duties related to the House of Lords.


Premise: Can the antenna serve more than one fungtion at a time?

Hypothesis: Therefore, in discussions of antenna properties no distinction is usually made between receiving and transmitting terminology, and the antenna can be viewed as either transmitting or receiving, whichever is more convenient.


Premise: How much does the America-class amphibious assault ship weigh?

Hypothesis: However, the debate has deepened over budgeting for the $12–14.5 billion (plus $12 billion for development and research) for the 100,000 ton Gerald R. Ford-class carrier (estimated service 2016) compared to the smaller $2 billion 45,000 ton America-class amphibious assault ships able to deploy squadrons of F-35B of which one is already active, another is under construction and nine more are planned.


Premise: What three areas of the globe were protests reported as not big?

Hypothesis: A couple of skirmishes between the protesters and supporters were reported.


Premise: What was the primary problem with early carbon filaments?

Hypothesis: The carbon deposited on the filament by this treatment improved the uniformity and strength of filaments as well as their efficiency.


Premise: What forms of availability dictated Pre-agrarian diets?

Hypothesis: Pre-agrarian diets varied by region, season, available local plant and animal resources and degree of pastoralism and hunting.


Premise: How much water is necessary to result in this darkening affect?

Hypothesis: The equivalent of a drop of water distributed over 500,000 lamps will significantly increase darkening.


Premise: What is the one way Hayek argued that resource distribution could succeed?

Hypothesis: This argument, first proposed by Max Weber, says that the efficient exchange and use of resources can be maintained only through the price mechanism in free markets (see economic calculation problem).


Premise: What is another name for a fission/fusion bomb?

Hypothesis: Later, a much more complicated and far more powerful type of fission/fusion bomb (thermonuclear weapon) was built, that uses a plutonium-based device to cause a mixture of tritium and deuterium to undergo nuclear fusion.


Premise: Who was the Roman emporer?

Hypothesis: "Hellenistic" is distinguished from "Hellenic" in that the first encompasses the entire sphere of direct ancient Greek influence, while the latter refers to Greece itself.


Premise: Which art was important in religious symbolism and as a decoration in the Ottoman empire?

Hypothesis: The art of carpet weaving was particularly significant in the Ottoman Empire, carpets having an immense importance both as decorative furnishings, rich in religious and other symbolism, and as a practical consideration, as it was customary to remove one's shoes in living quarters.


Premise: What years were presidential debates held at Washington University?

Hypothesis: Washington University has been selected by the Commission on Presidential Debates to host more presidential and vice-presidential debates than any other institution in history.


Premise: Who can be credited with finding out DDT is useful as an insecticide?

Hypothesis: Paul Müller discovered that DDT was a very effective insecticide.


Premise: Why did many software developers choose not to redesign the Mac operating system and rewrite the programming code?

Hypothesis: Because the operating system was designed largely around the GUI, existing text-mode and command-driven applications had to be redesigned and the programming code rewritten.


Premise: Corporal punishment is a form of what type of pain?

Hypothesis: In various contexts, the deliberate infliction of pain in the form of corporal punishment is used as retribution for an offence, or for the purpose of disciplining or reforming a wrongdoer, or to deter attitudes or behaviour deemed unacceptable.


Premise: Why do birds primarily migrate?

Hypothesis: Many species of bird migrate.


Premise: What war ended in 1479?

Hypothesis: As one of their first acts after end of the War of the Castilian Succession in 1479, Ferdinand and Isabella established the centrally organized and efficient Holy Brotherhood (Santa Hermandad) as a national police force.


Premise: What did the temple-centered social organization of the farming peoples allow them to mobilize?

Hypothesis: It is speculated by some archaeologists that Sumerian speakers were farmers who moved down from the north, after perfecting irrigation agriculture there.


Premise: To what part of the prey does Richard Dawkins refer to as the "survival machine"?

Hypothesis: An alternative view offered by Richard Dawkins is of predation as a form of competition: the genes of both the predator and prey are competing for the body (or 'survival machine') of the prey organism.


Premise: What company did Dell team with in late 2008?

Hypothesis: Dell and Dick Smith Electronics (owned by Woolworths Limited) reached an agreement to expand within Dick Smith's 400 stores throughout Australia and New Zealand in May 2009 (1 year since Officeworks — owned by Coles Group — reached a deal).


Premise: What did Chopin help Pauline Viardot with?

Hypothesis: During the summers at Nohant, particularly in the years 1839–43, Chopin found quiet, productive days during which he composed many works, including his Polonaise in A-flat major, Op.


Premise: What forbid harmful  incantations?

Hypothesis: The Twelve Tables forbade any harmful incantation (malum carmen, or 'noisome metrical charm'); this included the "charming of crops from one field to another" (excantatio frugum) and any rite that sought harm or death to others.


Premise: How many people moved to New York City between April 2010 and July 2014?

Hypothesis: New York City gained more residents between April 2010 and July 2014 (316,000) than any other U.S. city.


Premise: Panter Hudspith refurbished a 14th-century foodstore into what?

Hypothesis: In 2012, architects Panter Hudspith completed refurbishment of the 14th-century food-store originally used by the abbey's monks, converting it into a restaurant with English Oak furniture by Covent Garden-based furniture makers Luke Hughes and Company.


Premise: What did Zaire used to be known as?

Hypothesis: The classic case of a corrupt, exploitive dictator often given is the regime of Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko, who ruled the Democratic Republic of the Congo (which he renamed Zaire) from 1965 to 1997.


Premise: What system of social organization was used in Japan?

Hypothesis: Japan also tried to change the social organization in the islands from Matrilineality to the Japanese Patriarchal system, but with no success.


Premise: For what culture is the Vedic period named?

Hypothesis: The Vedic period is named after the Indo-Aryan culture of north-west India, although other parts of India had a distinct cultural identity during this period.


Premise: What season is red identified with in China?

Hypothesis: It carries a largely positive connotation, being associated with courage, loyalty, honor, success, fortune, fertility, happiness, passion, and summer.


Premise: The Jolt Hall of Fame inducted DeveloperWorks in what year?

Hypothesis: DeveloperWorks is a website run by IBM for software developers and IT professionals.


Premise: When did King Edward the Confessor die?

Hypothesis: Between 1042 and 1052 King Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St Peter's Abbey to provide himself with a royal burial church.


Premise: What was the name of the song that Kris Allen and Adam Lamber released after American Idol?

Hypothesis: Both Allen and Lambert released the coronation song, "No Boundaries" which was co-written by DioGuardi.


Premise: The "slap dance" probably mimics the movements of Samoans trying to rid themselves of what creatures?

Hypothesis: Another dance performed by males is called the fa'ataupati or the slap dance, creating rhythmic sounds by slapping different parts of the body.


Premise: Who is Martha Ann Ricks?

Hypothesis: When President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf moved into the Executive Mansion, she reportedly had a Liberian-made quilt installed in her presidential office.


Premise: What pagan deity may have had a temple where the Valencia Cathedral is now?

Hypothesis: In Gothic times, it seems to have been dedicated to the Holy Saviour; the Cid dedicated it to the Blessed Virgin; King James I of Aragon did likewise, leaving in the main chapel the image of the Blessed Virgin, which he carried with him and is reputed to be the one now preserved in the sacristy.


Premise: The Peace Pagoda built in New Delhi by the Nipponzan Myohoji was inaugurated by which prominent figure?

Hypothesis: In 2007, the Japanese Buddhist organisation Nipponzan Myohoji decided to build a Peace Pagoda in the city containing Buddha relics.


Premise: What English phrase does I ❤ NY represent?

Hypothesis: I Love New York (stylized I ❤ NY)


Premise: When did Adventures of Tintin debut?

Hypothesis: The world premiere took place on October 22, 2011 in Brussels, Belgium.


Premise: What are other incentives that NPO emplotees can be offered instead of higher wages?

Hypothesis: Other incentives that should be implemented are generous vacation allowances or flexible work hours.


Premise: How much of Valencia's land is used for agriculture?

Hypothesis: Valencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport.


Premise: Which epithet did Apollo have as god of music and arts?

Hypothesis: As god of music and arts, Apollo had the epithet Musagetes (/mjuːˈsædʒᵻtiːz/


Premise: Where did the torch route start in Buenos Aires?

Hypothesis: In the end of the show the mayor of Buenos Aires Mauricio Macri gave the torch to the first torchbearer, Carlos Espínola.


Premise: Who made significant addition to a charming little quirky  scientific deviant that lead to the winning of a prestigious award of recognition and gave birth to a model ?

Hypothesis: Notable modern Greek scientists of modern times include Dimitrios Galanos, Georgios Papanikolaou (inventor of the Pap test), Nicholas Negroponte, Constantin Carathéodory, Manolis Andronikos, Michael Dertouzos, John Argyris, Panagiotis Kondylis, John Iliopoulos (2007 Dirac Prize for his contributions on the physics of the charm quark, a major contribution to the birth of the Standard Model, the modern theory of Elementary Particles), Joseph Sifakis (2007 Turing Award, the "Nobel Prize" of Computer Science), Christos Papadimitriou (2002 Knuth Prize, 2012 Gödel Prize), Mihalis Yannakakis (2005 Knuth Prize) and Dimitri Nanopoulos.


Premise: What was Victoria's dog's name?

Hypothesis: Victoria shared a bedroom with her mother every night, studied with private tutors to a regular timetable, and spent her play-hours with her dolls and her King Charles spaniel, Dash.


Premise: In what year was Chopin born?

Hypothesis: " Chopin was born in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw, and grew up in Warsaw, which after 1815 became part of Congress Poland.


Premise: Who was the first person to bring all of Greece together?

Hypothesis: His son Alexander the Great rapidly conquered much of the ancient world, spreading Greek culture and science from the eastern Mediterranean to the Indus River.


Premise: When does Nanjing expect to finish it's light rail line?

Hypothesis: The bus network, which is currently run by three companies since 2011, provides more than 370 routes covering all parts of the city and suburban areas.


Premise: Where must enclitics appear in a sentence?

Hypothesis: Enclitics (primarily auxiliary verbs and pronouns) must appear in the second syntactic slot of a sentence, after the first stressed unit.