Premise: Where did Ferdinand go rather than Madrid?

Hypothesis: Here, on 17 April, General Elio invited the King to reclaim his absolute rights and put his troops at the King's disposition.


Premise: What Arabic term did the Umayyad caliphs use to refer to themselves?

Hypothesis: In this respect it is notable that the Umayyad caliphs referred to themselves not as khalifat rasul Allah ("successor of the messenger of God", the title preferred by the tradition), but rather as khalifat Allah ("deputy of God").


Premise: What is one of the threats that faced them?

Hypothesis: Consequently, the lineages of some Canadian army units stretch back to the early 19th century, when militia units were formed to assist in the defence of British North America against invasion by the United States.


Premise: At was age was Sandra Laing expelled from school?

Hypothesis: At age 10, she was expelled from her all-white school.


Premise: What is the name of a bacteria inside of tree roots?

Hypothesis: Endosymbiosis is any symbiotic relationship in which one symbiont lives within the tissues of the other, either within the cells or extracellularly.


Premise: What place did Everton FC rank in highest average attendance in the Premier League in the 2008-09 season?

Hypothesis: Everton have a large fanbase, with the eighth highest average attendance in the Premier League in the 2008–09 season.


Premise: Where was Spielberg an Olympic flagbearer?

Hypothesis: In 2002, Spielberg was one of eight flagbearers who carried the Olympic Flag into Rice-Eccles Stadium at the Opening Ceremonies of the 2002 Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City.


Premise: What's the only antibiotic that might be effective against totally drug-resistant TB?

Hypothesis: Totally drug-resistant TB is resistant to all currently used drugs.


Premise: What part of the country has the Köppen Climate Classification of (BWh)?

Hypothesis: The thermal equator, which matches the hottest spots year-round on the planet based on the mean daily annual temperature, crosses the country.


Premise: After losing the battle of Guilford Courthouse, Cornawallis moved his troops where?

Hypothesis: Generals Greene and Cornwallis finally met at the Battle of Guilford Courthouse in present-day Greensboro on March 15, 1781.


Premise: What did Cheney refer to him as, after hearing Kerry's comments about his daughter?

Hypothesis: After Kerry, responding to a question about gay rights, reminded the audience that Vice President Cheney's daughter was a lesbian, Cheney responded with a statement calling himself "a pretty angry father" due to Kerry using Cheney's daughter's sexual orientation for his political purposes.


Premise: How many American warships were damaged during the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot?

Hypothesis: Only one American warship was slightly damaged.


Premise: What area does South western Ambulance  Service cover

Hypothesis: The South Western Ambulance Service covers the entire South West of England, including all of Somerset; prior to February 2013 the unitary districts of Somerset came under the Great Western Ambulance Service, which merged into South Western.


Premise: What company was the structure at Clover Field for?

Hypothesis: In 1924, four Douglas-built planes took off from Clover Field to attempt the first aerial circumnavigation of the world.


Premise: How many hours did Jesus endure Crucifixion?

Hypothesis: The Roman soldiers did not break Jesus' legs, as they did to the other two men crucified (breaking the legs hastened the crucifixion process), as Jesus was dead already.


Premise: What was happening in the stadium at the time?

Hypothesis: On October 1, 1989, a peaceful demonstration of 10,000 to 15,000 people was violently dispersed by the militia in front of Lviv's Druzhba Stadium, where a concert celebrating the Soviet "reunification" of Ukrainian lands was being held.


Premise: During what period were artists like Anne Murray and Barbra Streisand featured on Top 40 radio?

Hypothesis: By the early 1970s, softer songs by artists like The Carpenters, Anne Murray, John Denver, Barry Manilow, and even Streisand, began to be played more often on "Top 40" radio and others were added to the mix on many AC stations.


Premise: How many kilocalories of energy per gram is dietary fiber able to produce when successfully metabolized?

Hypothesis: Like all carbohydrates, when it is metabolized it can produce four Calories (kilocalories) of energy per gram.


Premise: What were theorists in diverse fields beginning to notice between animals and languages?

Hypothesis: Theorists in such diverse fields as anatomy, linguistics, and Ethnology, making feature-by-feature comparisons of their subject matters, were beginning to suspect that similarities between animals, languages, and folkways were the result of processes or laws unknown to them then.


Premise: "Jesus Walks" was on which of Kanye's albums?

Hypothesis: After the success of his song "Jesus Walks" from the album


Premise: What is the name of the world's oldest humor magazine?

Hypothesis: Established in 1872, The Yale Record is the world's oldest humor magazine.


Premise: Who authored the Summa Theologica?

Hypothesis: This movement tried to employ a systemic approach to truth and reason and culminated in the thought of Thomas Aquinas (d. 1274), who wrote the Summa Theologica, or Summary of Theology.


Premise: Who coached Beyoncé for her Spanish recordings?

Hypothesis: While she almost exclusively releases English songs, Beyoncé recorded several Spanish songs for Irreemplazable (re-recordings of songs from B'Day for a Spanish-language audience), and the re-release of B'Day.


Premise: How much did the mortality rate of common bacterial infections decline between 1946-1955?

Hypothesis: The study further examined mortality rates for eight common diseases for which antibiotics offered effective therapy (syphilis, tuberculosis, dysentery, scarlet fever, whooping cough, meningococcal infections, and pneumonia), and found a 56% decline over the same period.


Premise: What did Khrushchev want Nasser to remove the ban on?

Hypothesis: At the meeting, Khrushchev pressed Nasser to lift the ban on the Communist Party, but Nasser refused, stating it was an internal matter which was not a subject of discussion with outside powers.


Premise: Is this licence required on a permanent basis?

Hypothesis: The UEFA Pro Licence is required by every person who wishes to manage a club in the Premier League on a permanent basis (


Premise: To what areas of the Roman empire did the Romans take their deities?

Hypothesis: As the Romans extended their dominance throughout the Mediterranean world, their policy in general was to absorb the deities and cults of other peoples rather than try to eradicate them, since they believed that preserving tradition promoted social stability.


Premise: What is often pointed to as the one reason for the Cubs' inconsistent late season play?

Hypothesis: Again, the Cubs' unusually high number of day games is often pointed to as one reason for the team's inconsistent late season play.


Premise: What types of music did hip hop emerge from?

Hypothesis: This was hip-hop pioneer KRS-One's inspiration for his thought provoking group BDP, or Boogie Down Productions, which included DJ Scott La Rock.


Premise: To whom does the KU Endowment seek to connect with?

Hypothesis: KU Endowment was established in 1891 as America’s first foundation for a public university.


Premise: How many Nobel Prize-winning scientists has Israel produced?

Hypothesis: Israel has led the world in stem-cell research papers per capita since 2000.


Premise: How many commercial airports are under construction in Saint Helena?

Hypothesis: A large military airfield is located on Ascension Island, with two Friday flights to RAF Brize Norton, England (as from September 2010).


Premise: What color was the chartered plane?

Hypothesis: Air China was chosen by the Beijing Committees of the Olympic Game as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008 for its long-standing participation in the Olympic cause.


Premise: What does Midna destroy?

Hypothesis: After bidding farewell to Link and Zelda, Midna returns home before destroying the Mirror of Twilight with a tear to maintain balance between Hyrule and the Twilight Realm.


Premise: What does Stallman think copyright was supposed to trade temporarily for public benefit?

Hypothesis: Still referring to copyright, he cites legal literature such as the United States Constitution and case law to demonstrate that it is meant to be an optional and experimental bargain that temporarily trades property rights and free speech for public, not private, benefit in the form of increased artistic production and knowledge.


Premise: What is one of the effects of diarrhea?

Hypothesis: Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day.


Premise: How many grammatical cases can nouns and adjectives be declined into in Czech?

Hypothesis: Nouns are inflected to indicate their use in a sentence.


Premise: Why did samurai avoid divorcing for reasons of dislike?

Hypothesis: A samurai could divorce for personal reasons, even if he simply did not like his wife, but this was generally avoided as it would embarrass the person who had arranged the marriage.


Premise: Who took turns with Virgil to read the Georgics to Octavian?

Hypothesis: The Georgics' tone wavers between optimism and pessimism, sparking critical debate on the poet's intentions, but the work lays the foundations for later didactic poetry.


Premise: What kind of phonemes are soft sounds?

Hypothesis: Russian distinguishes between consonant phonemes with palatal secondary articulation and those without, the so-called soft and hard sounds.


Premise: What is it difficult to demonstrate the presence of in Chagas disease?

Hypothesis: Chagas disease is the most significant example, because it is difficult to directly demonstrate the presence of the causative agent, Trypanosoma cruzi in a patient, which therefore makes it difficult to definitively make a diagnosis.


Premise: What was Sega's CD add-on?

Hypothesis: During the SNES's life, Nintendo contracted with two different companies to develop a CD-ROM-based peripheral for the console to compete with Sega's CD-ROM based addon, Mega-CD.


Premise: How much of Oklahoma is covered in forests?

Hypothesis: Forests cover 24 percent of Oklahoma and prairie grasslands composed of shortgrass, mixed-grass, and tallgrass prairie, harbor expansive ecosystems in the state's central and western portions, although cropland has largely replaced native grasses.


Premise: Who describes Delphi and Dodona as frenzied women?

Hypothesis: Frenzied women like Sibyls from whose lips the god speaks are recorded in the Near East as Mari in the second millennium BC.


Premise: Liquid-fueled rockets were developed in what year?

Hypothesis: Von Braun, himself inspired by Goddard's work, was bemused by this when debriefed by his American handlers, asking them, "Why didn't you just ask Dr. Goddard?"[citation needed]


Premise: What type of treaty is a mutual guarantee?

Hypothesis: Treaties of "mutual guarantee" are international compacts, e.g., the Treaty of Locarno which guarantees each signatory against attack from another.


Premise: What body made the declaration of who won the presidency?

Hypothesis: João Bernardo "Nino" Vieira was elected in 2005 as President of Guinea-Bissau as an independent, being declared winner of the second round by the CNE (Comité Nacional de Eleições).


Premise: Which city was Hanover connected to by the Leine?

Hypothesis: It was connected to the Hanseatic League city of Bremen by the Leine, and was situated near the southern edge of the wide North German Plain and north-west of the Harz mountains, so that east-west traffic such as mule trains passed through it.


Premise: What portion of the Congolese population is Protestant?

Hypothesis: Followers of Islam make up 1.6%, and this is primarily due to an influx of foreign workers into the urban centers.


Premise: How many flanking service wings did Buckingham House have?

Hypothesis: The style chosen was of a large, three-floored central block with two smaller flanking service wings.


Premise: What did Amer do without Nasser's approval?

Hypothesis: According to Kandil, without Nasser's authorization, Amer used the Soviet warnings as a pretext to dispatch troops to Sinai on 14 May, and Nasser subsequently demanded UNEF's withdrawal.


Premise: Where were Poles scattered to?

Hypothesis: Although Chopin's music undoubtedly came to him intuitively rather than through any conscious patriotic design, it served all the same to symbolize the will of the Polish people ..."


Premise: Which infantry division was involved in the Battle of Osan?

Hypothesis: The Battle of Osan, the first significant American engagement of the Korean War, involved the 540-soldier Task Force Smith, which was a small forward element of the 24th Infantry Division which had been flown in from Japan.


Premise: For whom did Umar end the jizya?

Hypothesis: Imam Abu Muhammad Adbullah ibn Abdul Hakam stated that Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz also stopped the personal allowance offered to his relatives stating that he could only give them an allowance if he gave an allowance to everyone else in the empire.


Premise: What landmark now sits on the site of the Franciscan friary in Southampton?

Hypothesis: The site is now occupied by Friary House.


Premise: Who is the Golden Boot award given to each season?

Hypothesis: The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season.


Premise: How many copies did the album sell worldwide?

Hypothesis: With four million copies sold worldwide, American Life was the lowest-selling album of her career at that point.


Premise: What is sufficient to divide the weather patterns in Europe into a wet north and dry south?

Hypothesis: The height of the Alps is sufficient to divide the weather patterns in Europe into a wet north and a dry south because moisture is sucked from the air as it flows over the high peaks.


Premise: Why do the birds fly north?

Hypothesis: The most common pattern involves flying north in the spring to breed in the temperate or Arctic summer and returning in the autumn to wintering grounds in warmer regions to the south.


Premise: How was the gladiatorial combat described?

Hypothesis: The gladiator munus was never explicitly acknowledged as a human sacrifice, probably because death was not its inevitable outcome or purpose.


Premise: What is there limited quality data for evaluating despite the huge number of wounds seen in a clinical practice?

Hypothesis: Despite the huge number of wounds seen in clinical practice, there are limited quality data for evaluated symptoms and signs.


Premise: What did the court reject in 1995?

Hypothesis: In 1995 the Supreme Court rejected the Gun-Free School Zones Act in the Lopez decision, and also rejected the civil remedy portion of the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 in the United States v. Morrison decision.


Premise: In what year did Royal Dutch Shell and Reitan Group announce an agreement?

Hypothesis: On April 2010 Shell announced that the corporation is in process of trying to find a potential buyer for all of its operations in Finland and is doing similar market research concerning Swedish operations.


Premise: What award did Game Critics Awards and GameSpy give Twilight Princess?

Hypothesis: The game was considered the Best Console Game by the Game Critics Awards and GameSpy.


Premise: Along with Surry Nuclear Generating Station, what is Richmond's main electricity generator?

Hypothesis: Electricity is provided in the Richmond area primarily by the North Anna Nuclear Generating Station and Surry Nuclear Generating Station, as well as a coal-fired station in Chester, Virginia.


Premise: Other than storage, what is the common audio format used for?

Hypothesis: MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III, more commonly referred to as MP3, is an audio coding format for digital audio which uses a form of lossy data compression.


Premise: What world event caused the end of Claridge's company?

Hypothesis: The failure of Clarmac Roads Ltd had a flow-on effect to Claridge's Company, which was itself compulsorily wound up, ceasing operations in 1917, having invested a substantial amount of funds into the new venture, both at the outset, and in a subsequent attempt to save the Clarmac Company.


Premise: By how much were Franc Zone currencies devalued in January of 1994?

Hypothesis: In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa.


Premise: How many New Yorkers work in the television and film industry?

Hypothesis: New York is a prominent location for the American entertainment industry, with many films, television series, books, and other media being set there.


Premise: What sort of relationship did Gaddafi have with Halyna Kolotnytska?

Hypothesis: However, according to psychologist Seham Sergewa, after the civil war several of the guards told her they had been pressured into joining and raped by Gaddafi and senior officials.


Premise: What are the major roads in Richmond?

Hypothesis: Major suburbs include Midlothian to the southwest, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast.


Premise: What do you call the length of time that foam is on top of beer because of carbonation?

Hypothesis: Hops contribute a bitterness that balances the sweetness of the malt; the bitterness of beers is measured on the International Bitterness Units scale.


Premise: Residents of what particular area have awareness of this link to Native American heritage?

Hypothesis: Most of Bermuda's black population trace some of their ancestry to Native Americans, although awareness of this is largely limited to St David's Islanders and most who have such ancestry are unaware of it.


Premise: In what century did "style" as an artistic concept arise?

Hypothesis: The most important aspect of beauty was therefore an inherent part of an object, rather than something applied superficially; and was based on universal, recognisable truths.


Premise: How many books were said to have been written by Ibn Sina?

Hypothesis: His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine.


Premise: When did the wars against Spanish rule occur?

Hypothesis: The decolonization of the Americas was the process by which the countries in the Americas gained their independence from European rule.


Premise: What was the rank of the person who commanded the third voyage?

Hypothesis: General William Keeling, a captain during the second voyage, led the third voyage from 1607 to 1610.


Premise: Who defeated Japan during the World War II?

Hypothesis: During World War II, Imperial Japan invaded most of the former western colonies.


Premise: Which gland secretes a surge of hormonal agents into the blood stream?

Hypothesis: Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes.


Premise: What changed in 1885 due to the FA changing rules?

Hypothesis: Today's association of football with the working classes began in 1885 when the FA changed its rules to allow professional players.


Premise: What group did Samuel Hoare set up in 1938?

Hypothesis: These were issued in the event of bombing taking place with gas before evacuation.


Premise: What was the most important North American conflict between France and Britain called?

Hypothesis: Beginning in 1689, the colonies became involved in a series of wars between Great Britain and France for control of North America, the most important of which were Queen Anne's War, in which the British conquered French colony Acadia, and the final French and Indian War (1754–63) when Britain was victorious over all the French colonies in North America.


Premise: Who argued that the Old East Slavic Slavuta for the Dnieper River was derived from slova?

Hypothesis: The Old East Slavic Slavuta for the Dnieper River was argued by Henrich Bartek (1907–1986) to be derived from slova and also the origin of Slovene.


Premise: Date Records gave rise to the group "Peaches and Herb" in what year?

Hypothesis: Date's biggest success was "Time of the Season" by the Zombies, peaking at #2 in 1969.


Premise: What is comprised of a stop, fricative, and aspirated release?

Hypothesis: An aspirated affricate consists of a stop, fricative, and aspirated release.


Premise: What efficient type of unit does the process of "engineering" wood result in?

Hypothesis: Engineered wood products, glued building products "engineered" for application-specific performance requirements, are often used in construction and industrial applications.


Premise: What year did Bell get the patent for his telephone?

Hypothesis: Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work.


Premise: What does the abbreviation OCA stand for?

Hypothesis: Offensive Counterair (OCA) is defined as "offensive operations to destroy, disrupt, or neutralize enemy aircraft, missiles, launch platforms, and their supporting structures and systems both before and after launch, but as close to their source as possible" (JP 1-02).


Premise: Who lay special emphasis on conservation of particular species?

Hypothesis: However, the Chief Wildlife Warden may, if satisfied that any wild animal from a specified list has become dangerous to human life, or is so disabled or diseased as to be beyond recovery, permit any person to hunt such an animal.


Premise: How many art galleries are in Mexico City?

Hypothesis: In addition, the city has about 160 museums—the world's greatest single metropolitan concentration —over 100 art galleries, and some 30 concert halls, all of which maintain a constant cultural activity during the whole year.


Premise: What is the Indonesian calque for the Dutch word that literally translates as "animal garden"?

Hypothesis: One scholar argues that 20% of Indonesian words can be traced back to Dutch words, many of which are transliterated to reflect phonetic pronunciation e.g. kantoor (Dutch for "office") in Indonesian is kantor, while bus ("bus") becomes bis.


Premise: What does an upstream ISP provide for an ISP?

Hypothesis: Just as their customers pay them for Internet access, ISPs themselves pay upstream ISPs for Internet access.


Premise: What was his punishment?

Hypothesis: That council also anathematized Arius.


Premise: If toxocariasis is left untreated, what can happen to a person?

Hypothesis: Untreated toxocariasis can cause retinal damage and decreased vision.


Premise: What type of palette was found in Tutankhamun's tomb?

Hypothesis: An ivory painter's palette found inside the tomb of King Tutankhamun had small compartments with pigments of red ochre and five other colors.


Premise: What 3 US organizations have called for the banning of antibiotics in the production of food animals?

Hypothesis: Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Association (APHA) and the American Medical Association (AMA)) have called for restrictions on antibiotic use in food animal production and an end to all nontherapeutic uses.[citation needed]


Premise: What did Spanish and Portugese ships use the islands for?

Hypothesis: Neither Spain nor Portugal tried to settle it.


Premise: What withdrew the political boundaries of West Asia?

Hypothesis: The League of Nations granted France mandates over Syria and Lebanon and granted the United Kingdom mandates over Mesopotamia and Palestine (which was later divided into two regions: Palestine and Transjordan).


Premise: How many Tanner stages are there?

Hypothesis: The changes in secondary sex characteristics that take place during puberty are often referred to in terms of five Tanner stages, named after the British pediatrician who devised the categorization system.


Premise: What is the diameter of fimbriae?

Hypothesis: They are distributed over the surface of the cell, and resemble fine hairs when seen under the electron microscope.


Premise: What devices are used to observe insulated system heat loss?

Hypothesis: Night-vision devices using active near-infrared illumination allow people or animals to be observed without the observer being detected.


Premise: Which hospital is located at the end if 27th Street?

Hypothesis: Twenty-Seventh Street passes one block north of Madison Square Park and culminates at Bellevue Hospital Center on First Avenue.


Premise: Along with Guatemala, what country's government did Eisenhower order overthrown?

Hypothesis: Congress agreed to his request in 1955 for the Formosa Resolution, which obliged the U.S. to militarily support the pro-Western Republic of China in Taiwan and continue the isolation of the People's Republic of China.


Premise: For what environmental initiative is the city of New Haven known, primarily for instituting the first of its kind in America?

Hypothesis: The New Haven Green is currently home to three separate historic churches which speak to the original theocratic nature of the city.


Premise: What were the principle texts of Hinduism?

Hypothesis: In addition to the Vedas, the principal texts of Hinduism, the core themes of the Sanskrit epics Ramayana and Mahabharata are said to have their ultimate origins during this period.


Premise: What is the Russian Revolution?

Hypothesis: Following the abdication of Nicholas II of Russia, the Russian Provisional Government was established.


Premise: What happened in Rakhine in the summer of 2012 that had severe implications on the running of the location?

Hypothesis: A number of monks' organisations that played a vital role in Myanmar's struggle for democracy have taken measures to block any humanitarian assistance to the Rohingya community.


Premise: What is the main material used to build the cellar in the basement of Main Building?

Hypothesis: Henry VIII's wine cellar at the Palace of Whitehall, built in 1514–1516 for Cardinal Wolsey, is in the basement of Main Building, and is used for entertainment.


Premise: What do monotheists believe?

Hypothesis: The view that all theists actually worship the same god, whether they know it or not, is especially emphasized in Hinduism and Sikhism.


Premise: Which word in the phrase "het jaar des Heren" is a weak noun with a genitive ending added?

Hypothesis: More complex inflection is still found in certain lexicalized expressions like de heer des huizes (literally, the man of the house), etc.


Premise: Which philosopher did Hayek learn about in a school lecture?

Hypothesis: He read fluently and frequently before going to school.


Premise: Jews were banned from cities in Alsace, where were they forced to settle?

Hypothesis: In the 1830-1870 era most Jews moved to the cities, where they integrated and acculturated, as antisemitism sharply declined.


Premise: What is not as common in open education?

Hypothesis: A culture is beginning to form around distance learning for people who are looking to social connections enjoyed on traditional campuses.


Premise: What are the three largest sports clubs by popularity in Portugal?

Hypothesis: SL Benfica, FC Porto, and Sporting CP are the largest sports clubs by popularity and by number of trophies won, often known as "os três grandes" ("the big three").


Premise: With what broadcasting company does KU have a contract?

Hypothesis: Under former athletic director Lew Perkins, the department's budget increased from $27.2 million in 2003 (10th in the conference) to currently over $50 million thanks in large part to money raised from a new priority seating policy at Allen Fieldhouse, a new $26.67 million eight-year contract with Adidas replacing an existing contract with Nike, and a new $40.2 million seven-year contract with ESPN Regional Television.


Premise: What airline uses this airport as its primary international hub?

Hypothesis: Philadelphia International Airport provides scheduled domestic and international air service, while Northeast Philadelphia Airport serves general and corporate aviation.


Premise: What type of practices did John D. Rockefeller exhibit in the oil industry?

Hypothesis: An example is the company of John D. Rockefeller, who was an important figure in shaping the new oil industry.


Premise: What is the main pathogenic bacteria in L-form class ?

Hypothesis: L-form bacteria are strains of bacteria that lack cell walls.


Premise: Who modeled the atom in 1913, challenging Rutherford's model?

Hypothesis: Bohr solved this paradox with explicit reference to Planck's work: an electron in a Bohr atom could only have certain defined energies En


Premise: Friedrich Hayek name was commonly shortened to what?

Hypothesis: Hayek shared the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Gunnar Myrdal for his "pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and ... penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena."


Premise: Are there academic programs in Yale's residential colleges?

Hypothesis: Colleges offer their own seminars, social events, and speaking engagements known as "Master's Teas," but do not contain programs of study or academic departments.


Premise: What was the first English available emulator?

Hypothesis: It was soon followed by iNES, which was available in English and was cross-platform, in 1996.


Premise: Where did Moreau achieve his major victory against Austria in December 1800?

Hypothesis: Moreau and the French swept through Bavaria and scored an overwhelming victory at Hohenlinden in December 1800.


Premise: How many Americans were killed during the Pearl Harbor attack?

Hypothesis: The loss of eight battleships and 2,403 Americans at Pearl Harbor forced the U.S. to rely on its remaining aircraft carriers, which won a major victory over Japan at Midway just six months into the war, and on its growing submarine fleet.


Premise: When did John Brown give Victoria his mother's wedding ring?

Hypothesis: Items of jewellery placed on Victoria included the wedding ring of John Brown's mother, given to her by Brown in 1883.


Premise: In Minkowski spacetime, how can distances in space be measured?

Hypothesis: In this formalism, distances in space can be measured by how long light takes to travel that distance, e.g., a light-year is a measure of distance, and a meter is now defined in terms of how far light travels in a certain amount of time.


Premise: Which other song from the soundtrack did better in the charts?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé released "Work It Out" as the lead single from its soundtrack album which entered the top ten in the UK, Norway, and Belgium.


Premise: What do historians and researches argue about concerning the emotional and affectionate activities?

Hypothesis: Some historians and researchers argue that the emotional and affectionate activities associated with sexual-orientation terms such as "gay" and "heterosexual" change significantly over time and across cultural boundaries.


Premise: From where did pubs without written names derive their names?

Hypothesis: For this reason there was often no reason to write the establishment's name on the sign and inns opened without a formal written name, the name being derived later from the illustration on the pub's sign.


Premise: How many professional football clubs call London their home?

Hypothesis: London's most popular sport is football and it has fourteen League football clubs, including five in the Premier League: Arsenal, Chelsea, Crystal Palace, Tottenham Hotspur, and West Ham United.


Premise: What creature did the nomadic hunter-gatherers of the plains hunt?

Hypothesis: Another well-known example is the North American plains where until the 19th century several peoples shared the traits of nomadic hunter-gatherers based primarily on buffalo hunting.


Premise: What does ASEAN mean?

Hypothesis: Papua New Guinea has stated that it might join ASEAN, and is currently an observer.


Premise: Who was appointed as Queen Victoria's literary executor upon her death?

Hypothesis: According to one of her biographers, Giles St Aubyn, Victoria wrote an average of 2,500 words a day during her adult life.


Premise: How many million tons of goods did port Eleusis transport in 2010?

Hypothesis: The Port of Thessaloniki comes second with 15.8 million tons, followed by the Port of Piraeus, with 13.2 million tons, and the port of Eleusis, with 12.37 million tons.


Premise: Where was the 'Continental model' of police from?

Hypothesis: This was very different to the 'Continental model' of the police force that had been developed in France, where the police force worked within the parameters of the absolutist state as an extension of the authority of the monarch and functioned as part of the governing state.


Premise: What is dialect use associated with and thus stigmatized because of?

Hypothesis: Although Czech has received considerable scholarly interest for a Slavic language, this interest has focused primarily on modern standard Czech and ancient texts rather than dialects.


Premise: What is Portuguese pavement?

Hypothesis: In Portuguese-speaking countries, many cities have a large amount of their sidewalks and even, though far more occasionally, streets done in this mosaic form.


Premise: In approximately what year was Bulgaria founded?

Hypothesis: The imperial court was the centre of a revival of classical learning, a process known as the Macedonian Renaissance.


Premise: Why was this constitutional convention held?

Hypothesis: In July 1889, Montanans convened their third constitutional convention and produced a constitution acceptable by the people and the federal government.


Premise: When were the mosaics in the Church of St Stephen re-discovered?

Hypothesis: The perfectly preserved mosaic floor is the largest one in Jordan.


Premise: When did yeovil achieve promotion to the champion league

Hypothesis: Yeovil achieved promotion to the Championship in 2013 after beating Brentford in the playoff final.


Premise: What is the most popular type of poulty that is farmed?

Hypothesis: Worldwide, more chickens are kept than any other type of poultry, with over 50 billion birds being raised each year as a source of meat and eggs.


Premise: How many agricultural products in 2012 was Iran a top 5 producer in the world? Answer: 12

Hypothesis: Iran has leading manufacturing industries in the fields of car-manufacture and transportation, construction materials, home appliances, food and agricultural goods, armaments, pharmaceuticals, information technology, power and petrochemicals in the Middle East.


Premise: In 1947, what company did Universal buy a stake in?

Hypothesis: Broadening its scope further, Universal-International branched out into the lucrative non-theatrical field, buying a majority stake in home-movie dealer Castle Films in 1947, and taking the company over entirely in 1951.


Premise: After freedom was won by the Greeks who was of import to forming the rules  ?

Hypothesis: Businesses frequently comprised the extended family, and with them they brought schools teaching Greek and the Greek Orthodox Church.


Premise: Changes keep happening because new cultural stuff meets these type of innovations.

Hypothesis: Researchers in scientific labs have been developing prototypes for fabrics that can serve functional purposes well beyond their traditional roles, for example, clothes that can automatically adjust their temperature, repel bullets, project images, and generate electricity.


Premise: Who adored Burke's chivalry?

Hypothesis: Edward Gibbon, however, reacted differently: "I adore his chivalry".


Premise: In what format were the BBC's first new bulletins shown?

Hypothesis: This event was marked by the release of a DVD, which showed highlights of the BBC's television coverage of significant events over the half-century, as well as changes in the format of the BBC television news; from the newsreel format of the first BBC Television News bulletins, to the 24-hour, worldwide news coverage available in 2004.


Premise: What company mines salt in Detroit?

Hypothesis: The Detroit Salt Company mine has over 100 miles (160 km) of roads within.


Premise: What are some courses Eton offers in the summer months?

Hypothesis: Eton also runs a number of choral and English language courses during the summer months.


Premise: What resource is the North Slope known for?

Hypothesis: The area is known for its massive reserves of crude oil, and contains both the National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska and the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field.


Premise: Does self-examination begin early or late in adolescence?

Hypothesis: Studies also confirm the impermanence of the stages; there is no final endpoint in identity development.


Premise: What is offered at the initiation of young men during familly-festival apellai?

Hypothesis: It probably is a cognate to the Doric month Apellaios (Ἀπελλαῖος), and the offerings apellaia (ἀπελλαῖα) at the initiation of the young men during the family-festival apellai (ἀπέλλαι).


Premise: What is the negative effect of "hot spots" forming on the filament?

Hypothesis: These hot spots evaporate faster than the rest of the filament, which increases the resistance at that point—


Premise: Which years saw the An Lushan Rebellion?

Hypothesis: Sichuan came under the firm control of a Chinese central government during the Sui dynasty, but it was during the subsequent Tang dynasty where Sichuan regained its previous political and cultural prominence for which it was known during the Han.


Premise: What is the purpose of adolescence?

Hypothesis: It is a period of multiple transitions involving education, training, employment and unemployment, as well as transitions from one living circumstance to another.


Premise: On what date was Frédéric's first performance that earned international esteem?

Hypothesis: At a subsequent eolomelodicon concert on 10 June 1825, Chopin performed his Rondo Op.


Premise: Along with Mother of God, Immaculate Conception and Assumption of Mary, what is the other Catholic dogma related to Mary?

Hypothesis: The four Catholic dogmas regarding Mary are: Mother of God, Perpetual virginity of Mary, Immaculate Conception (of Mary) and Assumption of Mary.


Premise: When did the Great Freeze occur?

Hypothesis: The Great Freeze of 1894–95 hastened Miami's growth, as the crops of the Miami area were the only ones in Florida that survived.


Premise: In what decade did the Southern Railway Company commission the program that created the Western Docks?

Hypothesis: The Western Docks date from the 1930s when the Southern Railway Company commissioned a major land reclamation and dredging programme.


Premise: What did the Baroque trumpet become?

Hypothesis: Classical musicians continued to use many of instruments from the Baroque era, such as the cello, contrabass, recorder, trombone, timpani, fortepiano and organ.


Premise: besides water pressure, what else was used to increase the lifting power?

Hypothesis: These quickly supplanted the earlier steam driven elevators: exploiting Pascal's law, they provided a much greater force.


Premise: Schwarzenegger bought Baena and their son a four-bedroom house in what year?

Hypothesis: Schwarzenegger says it took seven or eight years before he found out that he had fathered a child with his housekeeper.


Premise: What language still survives as the representation of the one of the three religious orders of historic Greece ?

Hypothesis: Yevanic is the language of the Romaniotes, and survives in small communities in Greece, New York and Israel.


Premise: Who was the Oklahoma Cities  first female mayor?

Hypothesis: Latting was also the first woman to serve as mayor of a U.S. city with over 350,000 residents.


Premise: What was the name of the person that attempted to assasinate Napoleon?

Hypothesis: On 14 January 1858, an Italian refugee from Britain called Orsini attempted to assassinate Napoleon III with a bomb made in England.


Premise: What has a three-way distinction in regards to stops and affricates?

Hypothesis: These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced.


Premise: When did this event occur ?

Hypothesis: According to some scholars, the foundational event was the Olympic Games in 776 BC, when the idea of a common Hellenism among the Greek tribes was first translated into a shared cultural experience and Hellenism was primarily a matter of common culture.


Premise: Who wrote that Madonna is opportunistic, manipulative and ruthless?

Hypothesis: Morton wrote that "Madonna is opportunistic, manipulative, and ruthless—somebody who won't stop until she gets what she wants—and that's something you can get at the expense of maybe losing your close ones.


Premise: What does the CPI estimate?

Hypothesis: A graph showing the U.S. CPI relative to 1982–1984 and the annual year-over-year change in CPI is shown at right.


Premise: What group has been unsuccessful in creating a unified church since 1948?

Hypothesis: Since 1948, the World Council of Churches has been influential, but ineffective in creating a united church.


Premise: What was a beneficial improvement made to Patrick Street?

Hypothesis: Work continued through the 1990s on extending the N25 South Ring Road, with the opening of the Jack Lynch Tunnel under the River Lee being a significant addition.


Premise: The practice of building ski runs by mechanical means has destroyed what?

Hypothesis: In some areas the modern practice of building ski runs by mechanical means has destroyed the underlying tundra from which the plant life cannot recover during the non-skiing months, whereas areas that still practice a natural piste type of ski slope building preserve the fragile underlayers.


Premise: To whom does the Facility seek to deliver aid?

Hypothesis: In July 2013 Tuvalu signed the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to establish the Pacific Regional Trade and Development Facility, which Facility originated in 2006, in the context of negotiations for an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between Pacific ACP States and the European Union.


Premise: What is the proportionality voting referred to in Mexico City?

Hypothesis: The Federal District as a whole constitutes a single constituency for the parallel election of 26 representatives by proportionality (PR) with open-party lists, locally called "plurinominal deputies".


Premise: What Japanese carrier was lost in the Battle of the Coral Sea?

Hypothesis: Although Lexington was sunk and Yorktown seriously damaged, the Japanese lost the carrier Shōhō, and suffered extensive damage to Shōkaku and heavy losses to the air wing of Zuikaku, both of which missed the operation against Midway the following month.


Premise: Which television broadcasters produce art and cultural programming?

Hypothesis: Local television companies in Cyprus include the state owned Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation which runs two television channels.


Premise: What financial institution went bankrupt and was liquidated in 2007?

Hypothesis: Lehman Brothers went bankrupt and was liquidated, Bear Stearns and Merrill Lynch were sold at fire-sale prices, and Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley became commercial banks, subjecting themselves to more stringent regulation.


Premise: What year was Spoleto Festival USA founded?

Hypothesis: It was founded in 1977 by Pulitzer Prize-winning composer Gian Carlo Menotti, who sought to establish a counterpart to the Festival dei Due Mondi (the Festival of Two Worlds) in Spoleto, Italy.


Premise: Who was elected mayor of Zagreb after the Communists won 59 parliamentary seats?

Hypothesis: In the 1920 elections the Communists won 59 seats in the parliament and became the third strongest party.


Premise: What makes solar energy an appealing source of electricity>

Hypothesis: The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of electricity.


Premise: Where was Rufino Tamayo born?

Hypothesis: The Museo Tamayo was opened in the mid-1980s to house the collection of international contemporary art donated by famed Mexican (born in the state of Oaxaca) painter Rufino Tamayo.


Premise: Folk musicians are not commonly what?

Hypothesis: Some composers, like Dvořák and Smetana, have used folk themes to impart a nationalist flavor to their work, while others like Bartók have used specific themes lifted whole from their folk-music origins.


Premise: What is the exponential dependence of a reaction rate on temperature?

Hypothesis: T. This exponential dependence of a reaction rate on temperature is known as the Arrhenius equation.


Premise: Who was James Bruce?

Hypothesis: Medri Bahri was thus part of the Christian resistance against Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal's forces, but later joined the Adalite states and the Ottoman Empire front against Abyssinia in 1572.


Premise: How is Kazakhstan's human rights record compared to the rest of the world?

Hypothesis: He traveled to Kazakhstan, which has one of the poorest human rights records in the world, as a personal guest of Nazarbayev.


Premise: Where was Mardi Gras first celebrated?

Hypothesis: Carnival celebrations, usually referred to as Mardi Gras (Fat Tuesday in French), were first celebrated in the Gulf Coast area, but now occur in many states.


Premise: What is another term that can be used to describe "potentially damaging" compounds?

Hypothesis: When interacting with a free radical, some antioxidants produce a different free radical compound that is less dangerous or more dangerous than the previous compound.


Premise: Which city did Osman's son capture?

Hypothesis: In the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans.


Premise: Who financed Studio Misr?

Hypothesis: In 1936, Studio Misr, financed by industrialist Talaat Harb, emerged as the leading Egyptian studio, a role the company retained for three decades.


Premise: Which kind of fat is generally considered to be healthiest?

Hypothesis: Unsaturated fats (e. g., vegetable oil) are considered healthier, while trans fats are to be avoided.


Premise: When did Pope Saint XXIII die?

Hypothesis: Italian pronunciation: [ˈandʒelo dʒuˈzɛppe roŋˈkalli]; 25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) reigned as Pope from 28 October 1958 to his death in 1963 and was canonized on 27 April 2014.


Premise: Who is Northwestern's faculty member notable for being a Holocaust denier?

Hypothesis: Notable faculty include 2010 Nobel Prize–winning economist Dale T. Mortensen; nano-scientist Chad Mirkin; Tony Award-winning director Mary Zimmerman; management expert Philip Kotler; King Faisal International Prize in Science recipient Sir Fraser Stoddart; Steppenwolf Theatre director Anna Shapiro; sexual psychologist J. Michael Bailey; Holocaust denier Arthur Butz; Federalist Society co-founder Steven Calabresi; former Weatherman Bernardine Rae Dohrn; ethnographer Gary Alan Fine;


Premise: Along with people with diminished immune function, like HIV patients, what group of people is more likely to develop extrapulmonary TB?

Hypothesis: In those with HIV, this occurs in more than 50% of cases.


Premise: Insects with fine scale spatial orientation live in colonies and where else?

Hypothesis: Only insects which live in nests or colonies demonstrate any true capacity for fine-scale spatial orientation or homing.


Premise: What is McTaggart's second series called?

Hypothesis: The B-series eliminates all reference to the present, and the associated temporal modalities of past and future, and orders all events by the temporal relations earlier than and later than.


Premise: What types of churches attract tourists to Palermo?

Hypothesis: In fact, for cultural, artistic and economic reasons, Palermo was one of the largest cities in the Mediterranean and is now among the top tourist destinations in both Italy and Europe.


Premise: Which sport was Albert proficient at?

Hypothesis: However, he was physically active and enjoyed playing tennis.


Premise: What percentage of the population are the Kpelle?

Hypothesis: These latter two groups established political control in the 19th century which they kept well into the 20th century.


Premise: In what years was the Abbey considered a cathedral?

Hypothesis: Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England "Royal Peculiar"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign.


Premise: Stewart pointed out that the phrase "Wall of separation" was nowhere to be found in what?

Hypothesis: The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America."


Premise: What does LSO stand for?

Hypothesis: From the late 1950s onward, visual landing aids such as Optical Landing System have provided information on proper glide slope, but LSOs still transmit voice calls to approaching pilots by radio.


Premise: After returning from India, Tito removed restrictions on what type of institutions?

Hypothesis: Tito visited India from December 22, 1954 through January 8, 1955.


Premise: Where does an insect's digestion happen?

Hypothesis: Insects using extra-oral digestion expel digestive enzymes onto their food to break it down.


Premise: What cruise line has its headquarters in Southampton?

Hypothesis: Many of the world's largest cruise ships can regularly be seen in Southampton water, including record-breaking vessels from Royal Caribbean and Carnival Corporation & plc.


Premise: What was the coronation song for this season?

Hypothesis: This is the first season in which the winner failed to achieve gold album status, and none from that season achieved platinum album status in the U.S.[citation needed]


Premise: How many languages are spoken by the people of New York City?

Hypothesis: As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.


Premise: What officer primarily had duties over finance matters?

Hypothesis: The quaestors would usually assist the consuls in Rome, and the governors in the provinces.


Premise: WHy did the state affairs partly grow up on?

Hypothesis: The Polish nobility enjoyed many rights that were not available to the noble classes of other countries and, typically, each new monarch conceded them further privileges.


Premise: Who was the Italian Prime Minister in July of 1978?

Hypothesis: Pope Paul VI left the Vatican to go to the papal summer residence, Castel Gandolfo, on 14 July 1978, visiting on the way the tomb of Cardinal Giuseppe Pizzardo, who had introduced him to the Vatican half a century earlier.


Premise: Who first brought a postal service into Umayyad lands?

Hypothesis: Primarily the service met the needs of Government officials, but travellers and their important dispatches were also benefitted by the system.


Premise: Who wrote The Threepenny Opera?

Hypothesis: Examples include occasional music such as Brahms' use of student drinking songs in his Academic Festival Overture, genres exemplified by Kurt Weill's The Threepenny Opera, and the influence of jazz on early- and mid-20th-century composers including Maurice Ravel, exemplified by the movement entitled "Blues" in his sonata for violin and piano.


Premise: Non-standardized languages similar to Dutch include Yiddish and what other West Germanic language?

Hypothesis: For a comparison between the West Germanic languages, see the sections Morphology, Grammar and Vocabulary.


Premise: Women with red caps crowded around guillotines during the Reign of Terror to do what?

Hypothesis: During the height of the Reign of Terror, Women wearing red caps gathered around the guillotine to celebrate each execution.


Premise: In what year was epinephrine discovered?

Hypothesis: In 1897 John Abel of Johns Hopkins University identified the active principle as epinephrine, which he isolated in an impure state as the sulfate salt.


Premise: How many adherents worldwide does the group claim?

Hypothesis: They believe that the destruction of the present world system at Armageddon is imminent, and that the establishment of God's kingdom over the earth is the only solution for all problems faced by humanity.


Premise: In what year did Paramount Pictures purchase DreamWorks?

Hypothesis: Universal's long time chairperson, Stacey Snider, left the company in early 2006 to head up DreamWorks.


Premise: What did architects often neglect in their pursuit of aesthetics?

Hypothesis: With the emerging knowledge in scientific fields and the rise of new materials and technology, architecture and engineering began to separate, and the architect began to concentrate on aesthetics and the humanist aspects, often at the expense of technical aspects of building design.


Premise: To which other abbey was Westminster Abbey second in wealth?

Hypothesis: (£1,310,000 to £1,530,000 as of 2016), during the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries rendered it second in wealth only to Glastonbury Abbey.


Premise: What was standard for transferring data to and from the earlier type of smartphones?

Hypothesis: Various connectors have been used for smaller devices such as digital cameras, smartphones, and tablet computers.


Premise: When was litigation brought to South Africa?

Hypothesis: This was unaffordable for most South African citizens, and so the South African government committed to providing ARVs at prices closer to what people could afford.


Premise: What occupation to Peter Carey, Germaine Greer, and Thomas Browne hold?

Hypothesis: Notable writers and poets from Melbourne include Thomas Browne, C. J. Dennis, Germaine Greer and Peter Carey.


Premise: What percent of Armenian children go to preschool?

Hypothesis: In 1989 some 58% of Armenians over age fifteen had completed their secondary education, and 14% had a higher education.


Premise: What was the first year of the Berlin International Film Festival?

Hypothesis: In 2002 the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film went to Caroline Link's Nowhere in Africa, in 2007 to Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck's The Lives of Others.


Premise: Along with Ba'athists and Islamists, who was arrested as a result of the actions of the People's Committees?

Hypothesis: They also served as a surveillance system, aiding the security services in locating individuals with views critical of the RCC, leading to the arrest of Ba'athists, Marxists and Islamists.


Premise: To what stadium did Arsenal FC move in 2006?

Hypothesis: In July 2006, they moved into the Emirates Stadium, after 93 years at Highbury.


Premise: When was Gaddafi born, and when did he die?

Hypothesis: He governed Libya as Revolutionary Chairman of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then as the "Brotherly Leader" of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011.


Premise: What is the annual cost of a Live Gold membership in USD?

Hypothesis: Xbox Live Gold includes the same features as Free and includes integrated online game playing capabilities outside of third-party subscriptions.


Premise: Damage to the brain occurs because of the increase in which process?

Hypothesis: The primary damage comes from swelling of the brain, caused by increased osmosis as blood salinity decreases.


Premise: What is said to mark the existence of a portal between such worlds, and to transform itself into a llama?

Hypothesis: Birds have themselves been deified, as in the case of the common peacock, which is perceived as Mother Earth by the Dravidians of India.


Premise: Who was Nasser's opponent in Lebanon?

Hypothesis: Nasser did not covet Lebanon, seeing it as a "special case", but sought to prevent Chamoun from a second presidential term.


Premise: What was the primary goal of the German air doctrine?

Hypothesis: Although official German air doctrine did target civilian morale, it did not espouse the attacking of civilians directly.


Premise: What precipitated the Persian Gulf War?

Hypothesis: The Persian Gulf War was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of 34 nations led by the United States.


Premise: How did Armando Dias die?

Hypothesis: Child labour has been a consistent struggle for children in Brazil ever since the country was colonized on April 22, 1550 by Pedro Álvares Cabral.


Premise: How Ballon d'Or awards have members of the Barcelona team won?

Hypothesis: Barcelona's players have won a record number of Ballon d'Or awards (11), as well as a record number of FIFA World Player of the Year awards (7).


Premise: What nationality was santiago Ramon y Cajal?

Hypothesis: In the hands of Camillo Golgi, and especially of the Spanish neuroanatomist Santiago Ramón y Cajal, the new stain revealed hundreds of distinct types of neurons, each with its own unique dendritic structure and pattern of connectivity.


Premise: What kind of building holds incunabula's today?

Hypothesis: Today, Strasbourg's different public and institutional libraries again display a sizable total number of incunabula, distributed as follows: Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire, ca.


Premise: What did scientism aim to do?

Hypothesis: They described as well differences between the idealized model of a pure science and the actual scientific practice; while scientism, a revival of the positivism approach, saw in precise measurement and rigorous calculation the basis for finally settling enduring metaphysical and moral controversies.


Premise: What do all Protestantism denominations reject?

Hypothesis: The various denominations generally emphasize the priesthood of all believers, the doctrine of justification by faith alone (sola fide) rather than by or with good works, and a belief in the Bible alone (rather than with Catholic tradition) as the highest authority in matters of faith and morals (sola scriptura).


Premise: How are parameters chosen in a switching circuit?

Hypothesis: In a switching circuit, the idea is to simulate, as near as possible, the ideal switch having the properties of open circuit when off, short circuit when on, and an instantaneous transition between the two states.


Premise: How much of the conquered world was affected by Greek influences?

Hypothesis: Some areas of the conquered world were more affected by Greek influences than others.


Premise: Who was the leader of slaves during the New Haven anti slavery movement in 1839

Hypothesis: New Haven was home to one of the important early events in the burgeoning anti-slavery movement when, in 1839, the trial of mutineering Mende tribesmen being transported as slaves on the Spanish slaveship Amistad was held in New Haven's United States District Court.


Premise: Who was The Times' Chief Editor in 1914?

Hypothesis: On 8 May 1920, also under the editorship of Steed, The Times in an editorial endorsed the anti-Semitic fabrication The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion as a genuine document, and called Jews the world's greatest danger.


Premise: When did South America show an increase in Evangelicals?

Hypothesis: South America, historically Roman Catholic, has experienced a large Evangelical and Pentecostal infusion in the 20th and 21st centuries.


Premise: Who approved a resolution concerning human rights on April 1, 2008?

Hypothesis: The resolution would welcome the torch with "alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet."


Premise: What is the theory that is based on acquired characteristics within a species?

Hypothesis: The observation that selection works in domestic animals is not destroyed by lack of understanding of the underlying hereditary mechanism.


Premise: How many square miles is Punjab?

Hypothesis: The province is bordered by Kashmir (Azad Kashmir, Pakistan and Jammu and Kashmir, India) to the northeast, the Indian states of Punjab and Rajasthan to the east, the Pakistani province of Sindh to the south, the province of Balochistan to the southwest, the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, and the Islamabad Capital Territory to the north.


Premise: What did hatamoto mean?

Hypothesis: Adams also received the title of hatamoto (bannerman), a high-prestige position as a direct retainer in the Shogun's court.


Premise: Approximately what percentage of the hard drive-based music player sales does iPod have since 2004?

Hypothesis: Since October 2004, the iPod line has dominated digital music player sales in the United States, with over 90% of the market for hard drive-based players and over 70% of the market for all types of players.


Premise: What can adult learners obtain through studying at the Edwards Campus of the University of Kansas?

Hypothesis: Established in 1993, its goal is to provide adults with the opportunity to complete college degrees.


Premise: Where was the rheostat mounted?

Hypothesis: This was mounted upright or sideways on the cab wall and operated via a projecting handle, which was able to slide around the top half of the cylinder.


Premise: What did Oberhauser call himself after he faked his death?

Hypothesis: Believing that Bond supplanted his role as son, Oberhauser killed his father and staged his own death, subsequently adopting the name Ernst Stavro Blofeld and going on to form Spectre.


Premise: What is the informal name of The National Archives Building?

Hypothesis: The National Archives Building, known informally as Archives I, located north of the National Mall on Constitution Avenue in Washington, D.C., opened as its original headquarters in 1935.


Premise: How many current students take Chinese courses at Eaton?

Hypothesis: From the latter part of the 19th century this curriculum has changed and broadened: for example, there are now more than 100 students of Chinese, which is a non-curriculum course.


Premise: In which century can the term "buck" be traced back to?

Hypothesis: Other well-known names of the dollar as a whole in denominations include "greenmail", "green" and "dead presidents" (the last because deceased presidents are pictured on most bills).


Premise: Who was Chopin's earliest piece of music, that there is a record of, dedicated to?

Hypothesis: Fryderyk may have had some piano instruction from his mother, but his first professional music tutor, from 1816 to 1821, was the Czech pianist Wojciech Żywny.


Premise: In what battle had the Fatah movement distinguished itself?

Hypothesis: He also advised Arafat to think of peace with Israel and the establishment of a Palestinian state comprising the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.


Premise: What was the English name of the magazine published by the Revolutionary Committees?

Hypothesis: Publishing a weekly magazine The Green March (al-Zahf al-Akhdar), in October 1980 they took control of the press.


Premise: How long was the truce intended to last for?

Hypothesis: Shortly afterwards, Philip won the hard-fought battle of Bouvines in the north against Otto and John's other allies, bringing an end to John's hopes of retaking Normandy.


Premise: What is the title of Black Sabbath's 1970 album?

Hypothesis: Also significant was Black Sabbath's Paranoid (1970), which combined guitar riffs with dissonance and more explicit references to the occult and elements of Gothic horror.


Premise: What has a three-way distinction in regards to stops and affricates?

Hypothesis: Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p


Premise: Which architect helped modify the house into a palace?

Hypothesis: After his accession to the throne in 1820, King George IV continued the renovation with the idea in mind of a small, comfortable home.


Premise: What is extensive pretrial discovery a part of?

Hypothesis: U.S. courts pioneered the concept of the opt-out class action, by which the burden falls on class members to notify the court that they do not wish to be bound by the judgment, as opposed to opt-in class actions, where class members must join into the class.


Premise: During what decade did the Seljuk Turks occupy Armenia?

Hypothesis: The Turks were then free to invade Asia Minor, which dealt a dangerous blow to the Byzantine Empire by seizing a large part of its population and its economic heartland.


Premise: What geologic climate was found in the Early Triassic?

Hypothesis: The Early Triassic was between 250 million to 247 million years ago and was dominated by deserts as Pangaea had not yet broken up, thus the interior was nothing but arid.


Premise: What is the broadcast time for Sanskrit news on the DD National channel?

Hypothesis: Sanskrit news is broadcast on TV and on the internet through the DD National channel at 6:55 AM IST.


Premise: What was Kinnocks party theme?

Hypothesis: From the outset, it was clearly a well-received change, as Labour's 14-point lead in the November 1990 "Poll of Polls" was replaced by an 8% Tory lead a month later.


Premise: What was the name of the blockade and bombing of Japan planed to make them surrender?

Hypothesis: In a press release issued after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Truman warned Japan to surrender or "...expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth."


Premise: What military overran much of East Prussia?

Hypothesis: The province was overrun by Imperial Russian troops during the Seven Years' War.


Premise: When was East Tucson developed?

Hypothesis: East Tucson is relatively new compared to other parts of the city, developed between the 1950s and the 1970s,[citation needed] with developments such as Desert Palms Park.


Premise: Who handled distribution in the other region?

Hypothesis: Mattel handled distribution for the other region, consisting of the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Italy, Australia and New Zealand, starting the following year.


Premise: In what year was the SFA founded?

Hypothesis: In the 1970s and early 1980s, popular musicals known as riwaayado were the main driving force behind the Somali movie industry.


Premise: Who won this season of Idol?

Hypothesis: Glover sold poorly with her debut album, and this is also the first season that the runner-up was not signed by a music label.


Premise: Near what town was Gaddafi's birthplace of Qasr Abu Hadi?

Hypothesis: His father, Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, was known as Abu Meniar (died 1985), and his mother was named Aisha (died 1978); Abu Meniar earned a meager subsistence as a goat and camel herder.


Premise: Which time period is suggested that cynodonts had a high metabolic rate?

Hypothesis: Modern monotremes have lower body temperatures and more variable metabolic rates than marsupials and placentals, but there is evidence that some of their ancestors, perhaps including ancestors of the therians, may have had body temperatures like those of modern therians.


Premise: What event did Sony take the PlayStation 3 to four months after E3?

Hypothesis: A functional version of the system was not present there, nor at the Tokyo Game Show in September 2005, although demonstrations (such as Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots) were held at both events on software development kits and comparable personal computer hardware.


Premise: In the 1940s, what percentage of travellers used public transport?

Hypothesis: Despite privatisation and successive governments persisting with auto-centric urban development into the 21st century, there have since been large increases in public transport patronage, with the mode share for commuters increasing to 14.8% and 8.4% of all trips.


Premise: What prayer did people use in Mesopotamia to remember a beer recipe?

Hypothesis: Beer is the world's most widely consumed and likely the oldest alcoholic beverage; it is the third most popular drink overall, after water and tea.


Premise: Who weeps around the body of the King?

Hypothesis: In the funeral house, the body of the King is surrounded by an honor guard and weeping concubines, crying over the loss of sexual pleasure brought about by his death.


Premise: What did Miguel López de Legazpi call the island discovered on January 9, 1530?

Hypothesis: The Spanish ship San Pedro and two other vessels in an expedition commanded by Miguel López de Legazpi discovered an island on January 9, 1530, possibly Mejit, at 10°N, which they named "Los Barbudos".


Premise: What is identified as determining how a person views him or herself to a significant degree?

Hypothesis: Gender identity forms an important part of identity in psychology, as it dictates to a significant degree how one views oneself both as a person and in relation to other people, ideas and nature.


Premise: The National Pet Owner Survey reported how many people had pet dogs in America between 2009 and 2010?

Hypothesis: According to statistics published by the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association in the National Pet Owner Survey in 2009–2010, it is estimated there are 77.5 million people with pet dogs in the United States.


Premise: What happened in July 2014?

Hypothesis: The term Nasara rose to prominence in July 2014, after the Fall of Mosul to the terrorist organization Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.


Premise: In what year was Wynn's plans for development scrapped?

Hypothesis: Although Wynn's plans for development in the city were scrapped in 2002, the tunnel opened in 2001.


Premise: Who was an example of a disloyal samurai?

Hypothesis: There were, however, also notable instances where samurai would be disloyal to their lord or daimyo, when loyalty to the Emperor was seen to have supremacy.


Premise: How much did Beyonce initially contribute to the foundation?

Hypothesis: The foundation has since expanded to work with other charities in the city, and also provided relief following Hurricane Ike three years later.


Premise: What was the name of the document that standardized Serbo-Croatian?

Hypothesis: In the 20th century, Serbo-Croatian served as the official language of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (when it was called "Serbo-Croato-Slovenian"), and later as one of the official languages of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.


Premise: When was Barcelona founded?

Hypothesis: Founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss, English and Catalan footballers led by Joan Gamper, the club has become a symbol of Catalan culture and Catalanism, hence the motto "Més que un club" (


Premise: The effect of German victory and ensuing influence stems back to what factor?

Hypothesis: The effect of these differences was accentuated by the pre-war preparations.


Premise: How were viewers able to determine who endorsed political campaign ads, they saw in advertisements??

Hypothesis: Advertisements produced by political campaigns usually included the statement, "I'm [candidate's name], and I approve this message.


Premise: What did UN Security Council Resolution 82 accomplish?

Hypothesis: On 25 June 1950, the United Nations Security Council unanimously condemned the North Korean invasion of the Republic of Korea, with UN Security Council Resolution 82.


Premise: How old was Bell when his mom started to go deaf?

Hypothesis: From his early years, Bell showed a sensitive nature and a talent for art, poetry, and music that was encouraged by his mother.


Premise: Of the three churches flanking New Haven Green, which is home to a notorious 17th century crypt?

Hypothesis: The New Haven Green, one of the National Historic Landmarks, was formed in 1638, and is home to three 19th-century churches.


Premise: When did the US government leave Philadelphia for D.C.?

Hypothesis: The free black community also established many schools for its children, with the help of Quakers.


Premise: Who required the Benedictine monks to maintain a charity school?

Hypothesis: The Choir School educates and trains the choirboys who sing for services in the Abbey.


Premise: What year was the R1 rocket born?

Hypothesis: After almost a year in the area around Peenemünde, Soviet officials moved most of the captured German rocket specialists to Gorodomlya Island on Lake Seliger, about 240 kilometers (150 mi) northwest of Moscow.


Premise: What creations brought in the modern industrial economy?

Hypothesis: With the creation of a transportation and communication infrastructure, the corporation became the dominant form of business organization and a managerial revolution transformed business operations.


Premise: What was the long term goal for Egypt?

Hypothesis: In 2009, Dr. Ali El Deen Hilal Dessouki, Media Secretary of the National Democratic Party (NDP), described Egypt as a "pharaonic" political system, and democracy as a "long-term goal".


Premise: What year did Schwarzenegger sell Schatzi on Main?

Hypothesis: In 1992, Schwarzenegger and his wife opened a restaurant in Santa Monica called Schatzi On Main.


Premise: What does Darwin note about the embryos of many different species in the same class?

Hypothesis: He notes that animals of the same class often have extremely similar embryos.


Premise: At what point during season 9 of American Idol did Ellen Degeneres become a judge?

Hypothesis: The upheaval at the judging panel continued.


Premise: While we call bamboo "wood," what botanical family does it belong to?

Hypothesis: Another major plant group that produce material that often is called wood are the palms.


Premise: Why did Victoria hate Sir Conroy and Lady Flora?

Hypothesis: At the start of her reign Victoria was popular, but her reputation suffered in an 1839 court intrigue when one of her mother's ladies-in-waiting, Lady Flora Hastings, developed an abdominal growth that was widely rumoured to be an out-of-wedlock pregnancy by Sir John Conroy.


Premise: The selection of nobility oh the polish kingdom was selected my whom?

Hypothesis: This state of affairs grew up in part because of the extinction of the male-line descendants of the old royal dynasty (first the Piasts, then the Jagiellons), and the selection by the nobility of the Polish king from among the dynasty's female-line descendants.


Premise: What is the name of the lone surviving mosaic of the Crusader period?

Hypothesis: The program of redecoration of the church was completed in 1169 as a unique collaboration of the Byzantine emperor, the king of Jerusalem and the Latin Church.


Premise: In what year were the first federal elections after Eisenhower became president?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower then articulated his position as a moderate, progressive Republican: "I have just one purpose ... and that is to build up a strong progressive Republican Party in this country.


Premise: Who is the current head of BBC Television?

Hypothesis: As a division within the BBC, Television was formerly known as BBC Vision for a few years in the early 21st century, until its name reverted to Television in 2013.


Premise: What year was the University of Southampton founded?

Hypothesis: The university considers itself one of the top 5 research universities in the UK.


Premise: What happened to the kingdom of Hanover in 1866?

Hypothesis: Thus, Hanover passed to William IV's brother, Ernest Augustus, and remained a kingdom until 1866, when it was annexed by Prussia during the Austro-Prussian war.


Premise: In 2005, what country used increased health risks as rationalization for getting rid of DST?

Hypothesis: Clock shifts were found to increase the risk of heart attack by 10 percent, and to disrupt sleep and reduce its efficiency.


Premise: Where did Virgil's name become a generic term for magic-worker?

Hypothesis: Possibly as early as the second century AD, Virgil's works were seen as having magical properties and were used for divination.


Premise: In what year did Universal sell its 360-acre lot to MCA?

Hypothesis: After a period of complete shutdown, a moribund Universal agreed to sell its 360-acre (1.5 km²) studio lot to MCA in 1958, for $11 million, renamed Revue Studios.


Premise: When did this revival period begin?

Hypothesis: In parallel, however, the 19th century saw a Catalan literary revival (Renaixença), which has continued up to the present day.


Premise: What English musician did Kanye cite as one of his biggest inspirations?

Hypothesis: He has further described musician David Bowie as one of his "most important inspirations," and named producer Puff Daddy as the "most important cultural figure in my life.


Premise: Who portrayed Chopin in A Song to Remember?

Hypothesis: Chopin's life and his relations with George Sand have been fictionalized in numerous films.


Premise: What happens when a regulatory region binds to transcription factors?

Hypothesis: Additionally, genes can have regulatory regions many kilobases upstream or downstream of the open reading frame.


Premise: On what date did the second test game take place?

Hypothesis: The second game was held on February 26, 1987 at the Rosemont Horizon in Chicago with a budget of $20,000, up from $4,000 in the test game.


Premise: Who did Victoria appoint as Gladstone's succesor?

Hypothesis: Victoria objected when Gladstone proposed appointing the Radical MP Henry Labouchere to the Cabinet, so Gladstone agreed not to appoint him.


Premise: What do the Vedas describe?

Hypothesis: The earliest recorded Western philosophy of time was expounded by the ancient Egyptian thinker Ptahhotep (c. 2650–2600 BC), who said, "Do not lessen the time of following desire, for the wasting of time is an abomination to the spirit."


Premise: Who walked out of the U.N. security meeting?

Hypothesis: After repeated advances and retreats by both sides, and the PRC People's Volunteer Army's entry into the war, the Korean Armistice Agreement returned the peninsula to the status quo in 1953.


Premise: Historian Margaret Jacob stresses the importance of the Masons in indirectly inspriting what type of thinking?

Hypothesis: Historian Margaret Jacob stresses the importance of the Masons in indirectly inspiring enlightened political thought.


Premise: On what date did brothers from Holy Cross arrive at the future location of Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began the school using Father Stephen Badin's old log chapel.


Premise: Lenin acknowledged the independence of which countries?

Hypothesis: The outcome of the First World War was disastrous for both the German Reich and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.


Premise: What year did the Spanish conquer Antwerp?

Hypothesis: In 1637, a further important step was made towards a unified language, when the Statenvertaling, the first major Bible translation into Dutch, was created that people from all over the new republic could understand.


Premise: Why is internal digection better than external?

Hypothesis: There is a fundamental distinction between internal and external digestion.


Premise: As of 2002, how many births were attended by skilled health personnel in Eriterea?

Hypothesis: Maternal mortality dropped by more than half from 1995 to 2002, although the figure is still high.


Premise: How many members are in the German Football Federation?

Hypothesis: Football is by far the most popular sport, and the German Football Federation (Deutscher Fußballbund) with more than 6.3 million members is the largest athletic organisation in the country.


Premise: Processing data from input and output devices is typically done by what?

Hypothesis: The act of processing is mainly regulated by the CPU.


Premise: What was the first day that the new parliament met?

Hypothesis: On May 15 the new parliament convened.


Premise: Which Tennessee city hosts the state's most famous aquarium?

Hypothesis: The Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the nation's most visited national park, is headquartered in the eastern part of the state, and a section of the Appalachian Trail roughly follows the Tennessee-North Carolina border.


Premise: What were the trigonometric functions that Aryabhata discovered?

Hypothesis: Indian astronomer and mathematician Aryabhata (476-550), in his Aryabhatiya (499) introduced a number of trigonometric functions (including sine, versine, cosine and inverse sine), trigonometric tables, and techniques and algorithms of algebra.


Premise: What team did Arsenal play at the time of the radio broadcast in 1927?

Hypothesis: A decade later, on 16 September 1937, an exhibition match between Arsenal's first team and the reserves was the first football match in the world to be televised live.


Premise: The oldest known brain discovered was found in how old of a person?

Hypothesis: The oldest brain to have been discovered was in Armenia in the Areni-1 cave complex.


Premise: Which of the Enlightenment's leaders did the British government give a knighthood and lucrative government office?

Hypothesis: For example, in France it became associated with anti-government and anti-Church radicalism while in Germany it reached deep into the middle classes and where it expressed a spiritualistic and nationalistic tone without threatening governments or established churches.


Premise: What is fundamentally different from older notions of race?

Hypothesis: As another example, she points to work by Thomas et al., who sought to distinguish between the Y chromosomes of Jewish priests (Kohanim), (in Judaism, membership in the priesthood is passed on through the father's line) and the Y chromosomes of non-Jews.


Premise: Why was the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company created?

Hypothesis: The Royal Dutch Petroleum Company was a Dutch company founded in 1890 to develop an oilfield in Sumatra, and initially led by August Kessler, Hugo Loudon, and Henri Deterding.


Premise: What was the seat of government during the colonial times of the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata?

Hypothesis: The Montevideo Cabildo was the seat of government during the colonial times of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata.


Premise: In what year did iPhone sales surpass those of iPods?

Hypothesis: While the iPhone and iPad have essentially the same media player capabilities as the iPod line, they are generally treated as separate products.


Premise: Of what order is the breakdown field strength for mica dielectric capacitors?

Hypothesis: The dielectric is used in very thin layers and so absolute breakdown voltage of capacitors is limited.


Premise: What organization called for Tuvalu to  improve its water and sanitation systems?

Hypothesis: In 2012, Tuvalu developed a National Water Resources Policy under the Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) Project and the Pacific Adaptation to Climate Change (PACC) Project, which are sponsored by the Global Environment Fund/SOPAC.


Premise: Who laid out the Grid Plan?

Hypothesis: Although the numbered streets begin just north of East Houston Street in the East Village, they generally do not extend west into Greenwich Village, which already had streets when the grid plan was laid out by the Commissioners' Plan of 1811.


Premise: What is something that causes a huge problem with employment in NPOs?

Hypothesis: This leads many young and driven employees to forego NPOs in favor of more stable employment.


Premise: What state did Kanye West hide in while writing his next album?

Hypothesis: Importing his favorite producers and artists to work on and inspire his recording, West kept engineers behind the boards 24 hours a day and slept only in increments.


Premise: What percent of Hispanics vote Democrat?

Hypothesis: About 62 percent Hispanics (of any race) in the area are declared or favor Democrats.


Premise: What are the low wattage lamps being replaced with in movie theaters?

Hypothesis: Traditionally made up of small low wattage, low voltage lamps in a track or translucent tube, these are rapidly being replaced with LED based versions.


Premise: What is the child of Mary known to be famous for according to  Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti ?

Hypothesis: This is referred to as Mary's pre-redemption by Christ.


Premise: Where did travelers early in the Middle Ages often find lodgings?

Hypothesis: A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel.


Premise: What did Patrick Henry's speech encourage to happen?

Hypothesis: In 1775, Patrick Henry delivered his famous "Give me Liberty or Give me Death" speech in St. John's Church in Richmond, crucial for deciding Virginia's participation in the First Continental Congress and setting the course for revolution and independence.


Premise: The 1919 riot involving Popper's comrades was part of what larger political move?

Hypothesis: The riot had, in fact, been part of a plan by which leaders of the Communist party with connections to Béla Kun tried to take power by a coup; Popper did not know about this at that time.


Premise: The foremost part of the brain in mammals is known as what?

Hypothesis: All of these brains contain the same set of basic anatomical components, but many are rudimentary in the hagfish, whereas in mammals the foremost part (the telencephalon) is greatly elaborated and expanded.


Premise: What erroneous date did some users start seeing on their consoles?

Hypothesis: However, the root cause of the problem was unrelated to the PlayStation Network, since even users who had never been online also had problems playing installed offline games (which queried the system timer as part of startup) and using system themes.


Premise: Who did the NEC expel

Hypothesis: Following the 1987 election, the National Executive Committee resumed disciplinary action against members of Militant, who remained in the party, leading to further expulsions of their activists and the two MPs who supported the group.


Premise: Over 90% of homes use solar hot water systems in which two countries?

Hypothesis: Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water systems with over 90% of homes using them.


Premise: What is one parent company of the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company?

Hypothesis: The company originated in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) through the consolidation of The Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, the Computing Scale Company and the Bundy Manufacturing Company.


Premise: How much of the glaciation in Austria disappeared?

Hypothesis: Forty percent of the glaciation in Austria has disappeared since 1850, and 30% of that in Switzerland.


Premise: Along with teen pop, dance and hard rock, what form of music is typically not heard on AC radio?

Hypothesis: A common practice in recent years is that many adult contemporary stations play less newer music because they also give ample airtime to hits of the past, so the de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.


Premise: In what city was the funeral and burial for Donda West held?

Hypothesis: West played his first concert following the funeral at The O2 in London on November 22.


Premise: What film festival will first air 'The BFG'?

Hypothesis: Spielberg has filmed and is currently in post-production on an adaptation of Roald Dahl's celebrated children's story The BFG.


Premise: On what day did the stadium crowd jeer the Royal March in protest against Primo de Rivera's dictatorship?

Hypothesis: On 14 June 1925, in a spontaneous reaction against Primo de Rivera's dictatorship, the crowd in the stadium jeered the Royal March.


Premise: What can black-box testing sometimes be referred to with the in-ability to see the code?

Hypothesis: Because they do not examine the source code, there are situations when a tester writes many test cases to check something that could have been tested by only one test case, or leaves some parts of the program untested.


Premise: His work at Cornell helped contribute to his what?

Hypothesis: His work during this period, which used equations of rotation to express various spinning speeds, proved important to his Nobel Prize–winning work, yet because he felt burned out and had turned his attention to less immediately practical problems, he was surprised by the offers of professorships from other renowned universities.


Premise: In what month of 2009 did VidZone start free service to some countries?

Hypothesis: Initially users had to use a free Blu-ray disc to access the service; however, in October 2010 the requirement to use a disc to gain access was removed.


Premise: How many high-rises were present in New York City in 2011?

Hypothesis: As of 2011, New York City had 5,937 high-rise buildings, of which 550 completed structures were at least 330 feet (100 m) high, both second in the world after Hong Kong, with over 50 completed skyscrapers taller than 656 feet (200 m).


Premise: What is HMG-CoA responsible for producing?

Hypothesis: In 1971, Akira Endo, a Japanese biochemist working for the pharmaceutical company Sankyo, identified mevastatin (ML-236B), a molecule produced by the fungus Penicillium citrinum, as an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, a critical enzyme used by the body to produce cholesterol.


Premise: Along with the Angles and Saxons, what tribe spoke Anglo-Frisian?

Hypothesis: As the Anglo-Saxons became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language, and Latin, brought to Britain by Roman invasion.


Premise: Chopin is a native of what country?

Hypothesis: In his native Poland, in France, where he composed most of his works, and beyond, Chopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest superstars, his association (if only indirect) with political insurrection, his love life and his early death have made him, in the public consciousness, a leading symbol of the Romantic era.


Premise: When did season five premiere?

Hypothesis: Season five began on January 17, 2006.


Premise: With what Belorussian city does Kathmandu have a relationship?

Hypothesis: Motsumoto City of Japan, Rochester of the USA, Yangon (formerly Rangoon) of Myanmar, Xi'an of the People's Republic of China, Minsk of Belarus, and Pyongyang of the Democratic Republic of Korea.


Premise: What do the numbers identify in a bulb shape designation?

Hypothesis: The numbers represent the maximum diameter, either in 1⁄8 of an inch, or in millimeters, depending on the shape and the region.


Premise: when was the bombay trading post established?

Hypothesis: By 1647, the company had 23 factories, each under the command of a factor or master merchant and governor if so chosen, and 90 employees in India.


Premise: When was the Bolshevik Revolution?

Hypothesis: As a result, the Dashnaktsutyun government of Eastern Armenia declared its independence on 28 May as the First Republic of Armenia under the leadership of Aram Manukian.


Premise: What incident killed Diana in Paris?

Hypothesis: Pressured by the hostile reaction, the Queen agreed to return to London and do a live television broadcast on 5 September, the day before Diana's funeral.


Premise: Active flight ability has played what kind of role for insects?

Hypothesis: Having their muscles attached to their exoskeletons is more efficient and allows more muscle connections; crustaceans also use the same method, though all spiders use hydraulic pressure to extend their legs, a system inherited from their pre-arthropod ancestors.


Premise: What team defeated Arsenal in the finals of the Champions League in 2005-2006 season?

Hypothesis: Arsenal finished in either first or second place in the league in eight of Wenger's first eleven seasons at the club, although on no occasion were they able to retain the title.


Premise: Who was Apollo's twin sister?

Hypothesis: The Delos sanctuary was primarily dedicated to Artemis, Apollo's twin sister.


Premise: The treaty of Paris return how many esablishment captured by the British?

Hypothesis: Elsewhere in India, the French were to remain a military threat, particularly during the War of American Independence, and up to the capture of Pondichéry in 1793 at the outset of the French Revolutionary Wars without any military presence.


Premise: How many people were counted in the 2010 census?

Hypothesis: As of the 2010 census, there were 579,999 people, 230,233 households, and 144,120 families residing in the city.


Premise: Of what party did Gaddafi become president in this period?

Hypothesis: Realizing the failures of the modernizers, Gaddafi created the Arab Socialist Union (ASU), a mass mobilization vanguard party of which he was president.


Premise: Along with Thai Boxing, in what has Mohamed Jama won a European title?

Hypothesis: Additionally, Mohamed Jama has won both world and European titles in K1 and Thai Boxing.


Premise: What theorists agreed with this concept?

Hypothesis: The earliest writers on sexual orientation usually understood it to be intrinsically linked to the subject's own sex.


Premise: What happened in the Early Ceramic period?

Hypothesis: The Early Ceramic period occupation of Tucson saw the first extensive use of pottery vessels for cooking and storage.


Premise: What roles have interpreters occasionally played in history?

Hypothesis: Subsequently given along with other women to the invading Spaniards, she became instrumental in the Spanish conquest of Mexico, acting as interpreter, adviser, intermediary and lover to Hernán Cortés.


Premise: What is the name of the bay located at the south west coast of the Crimean Peninsula?

Hypothesis: This town and bay would provide a fall back position in case of


Premise: What percent of Tennessee residents self-reported their ethnic group as Irish in 2000?

Hypothesis: In the 1980 census 1,435,147 Tennesseans claimed "English" or "mostly English" ancestry out of a state population of 3,221,354 making them 45% of the state at the time.


Premise: What two factors cause asthma?

Hypothesis: Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.


Premise: What name was Adalhard the Elder also known as in 822 AD?

Hypothesis: Before the thirteenth century, and until the sixteenth century, during which hops took over as the dominant flavouring, beer was flavoured with other plants; for instance, grains of paradise or alehoof.


Premise: Who connsidered post-punk "harsh urban scrapings [,] controlled white noise" and "massively accented drumming"?

Hypothesis: In late 1977, music writers for Sounds first used the terms "New Musick" and "post punk" to describe British acts such as Siouxsie and the Banshees and Wire, who began experimenting with sounds, lyrics and aesthetics that differed significantly from their punk contemporaries.


Premise: What wood is decay-resistant when wet?

Hypothesis: Nearly all boats were made out of wood until the late 19th century, and wood remains in common use today in boat construction.


Premise: Who attended the celebrations?

Hypothesis: The entire relay through Mainland China was largely a success with many people welcoming the arrival of the torch along the way.


Premise: How many states are in Germany?

Hypothesis: With an emphasis on geographical conditions, Berlin and Hamburg are frequently called Stadtstaaten (city-states), as is the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, which in fact includes the cities of Bremen and Bremerhaven.


Premise: What id the data rate determined during?

Hypothesis: The data rate of the USB device is determined during the reset signaling.


Premise: What is one example of antibiotics that may have a possible side effect of tendon damage?

Hypothesis: However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects.


Premise: What tools were seen as evidence of violence among settlements?

Hypothesis: Settlements with palisades and weapon-traumatized bones have been discovered, such as at the Talheim Death Pit demonstrates "...systematic violence between groups" and warfare was probably much more common during the Neolithic than in the preceding Paleolithic period.


Premise: Where did the Alemanni settle in the 5th century?

Hypothesis: In the Early Middle Ages, from the end of the 4th century, the western extent of modern-day Switzerland was part of the territory of the Kings of the Burgundians.


Premise: The foundation has donated billions to sufferers of

Hypothesis: First, sub-Saharan Africa already suffered from a shortage of primary doctors before the arrival of the Gates Foundation, but "by pouring most contributions into the fight against such high-profile killers as AIDS, Gates grantees have increased the demand for specially trained, higher-paid clinicians, diverting staff from basic care" in sub-Saharan Africa.


Premise: How many passengers does the most dense rail network in Europe carry annualy?

Hypothesis: The building of new railway base tunnels through the Alps is under way to reduce the time of travel between north and south through the AlpTransit project.


Premise: Where was Bibliotheque Bleue located?

Hypothesis: While some historians have argued against the Enlightenment's penetration into the lower classes, the Bibliothèque Bleue represents at least a desire to participate in Enlightenment sociability.


Premise: People of African descent were the majority in Charleston until what mass movement?

Hypothesis: By 1770, it was the fourth-largest port in the colonies, after Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, with a population of 11,000—slightly more than half of them slaves.


Premise: What type of wrongful act will the state prosecute?

Hypothesis: Criminal law involves the prosecution by the state of wrongful acts which are considered to be so serious that they are a breach of the sovereign's peace (and cannot be deterred or remedied by mere lawsuits between private parties).


Premise: Who listed Ray of Light as "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time?"

Hypothesis: The second single, "Ray of Light", debuted at number five on the Billboard Hot 100.


Premise: Who did Kanye meet early in his career who later mentored him?

Hypothesis: No I.D. soon became West's mentor, and it was from him that West learned how to sample and program beats after he received his first sampler at age 15.


Premise: How many earthquake relief workers were killed?

Hypothesis: This estimate includes 158 earthquake relief workers who were killed in landslides as they tried to repair roads.


Premise: How many murder convictions occur in the US per execution?

Hypothesis: This is due to judges overriding life imprisonment sentences and imposing the death penalty.