Premise: When did the U.S. Sixth Army land on the eastern shore of Leyte?

Hypothesis: On 20 October 1944 the U.S. Sixth Army, supported by naval and air bombardment, landed on the favorable eastern shore of Leyte, north of Mindanao.


Premise: What was the title of Pliny's work on magic?

Hypothesis: Philostratus takes pains to point out that the celebrated Apollonius of Tyana was definitely not a magus, "despite his special knowledge of the future, his miraculous cures, and his ability to vanish into thin air".


Premise: What do doctors usually do when a patient seems to want antibiotics even though they may not be right?

Hypothesis: Other forms of misuse include failure to take the entire prescribed course of the antibiotic, incorrect dosage and administration, or failure to rest for sufficient recovery.


Premise: When did Sydney Myer come to Australia?

Hypothesis: Today Myer and David Jones, located nationally, are practically the national department stores duopoly in Australia.


Premise: What were the nuns allowed to minimally do?

Hypothesis: Speaking was allowed in the common parlor, but it was subordinate to strict rules, and the prioress, subprioress or other senior nun had to be present.


Premise: What share of Arab productions have come from Egypt?

Hypothesis: For over 100 years, more than 4000 films have been produced in Egypt, three quarters of the total Arab production.[citation needed]


Premise: What are some flying animals that Darwin thought might have evolved from bats?

Hypothesis: Darwin concludes: "If it could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed, which could not possibly have been formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications, my theory would absolutely break down.


Premise: In 1264 AD, what caused the Kyburg dynasty to fall?

Hypothesis: Some regions (Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, later known as Waldstätten) were accorded the Imperial immediacy to grant the empire direct control over the mountain passes.


Premise: What did Windows offer in place of a full version of the software?

Hypothesis: In lieu of full version, a specialized "System Builder" SKU was introduced.


Premise: Who is Arsenal's Chief Executive?

Hypothesis: Ivan Gazidis has been the club's Chief Executive since 2009.


Premise: What enforced contest rule guaranteed that neither gender nor social rank would determine the judging?

Hypothesis: Indeed, although the "vast majority" of participants belonged to the wealthier strata of society ("the liberal arts, the clergy, the judiciary, and the medical profession"), there were some cases of the popular classes submitting essays, and even winning.


Premise: How did George of Cappadocia die in prison?

Hypothesis: The Emperor Constantius, who had been the cause of so much trouble, died 4 November, 361 and was succeeded by Julian.


Premise: When was the festival of climbing on the city wall celebrated?

Hypothesis: Many traditional festivals and customs were observed in the old times, which included climbing the City Wall on January 16, bathing in Qing Xi on March 3, hill hiking on September 9 and others (the dates are in Chinese lunar calendar).


Premise: What is the name of an honor given to collegiate debate teams?

Hypothesis: The University of Kansas has had more teams (70) compete in the National Debate Tournament than any other university.


Premise: Under whose direction was there disappointment?

Hypothesis: Barcelona won La Liga and the Supercopa de España in 2004–05, and Ronaldinho and Eto'o were voted first and third, respectively, in the FIFA World Player of the Year awards.


Premise: According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics as of June 2013, inner city Melbourne had a population density of how many people per km2?

Hypothesis: According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics as of June 2013, inner city Melbourne had the highest population density with 12,400 people per km2.


Premise: In which year was New Delhi ranked 39th in economic activity by the World Wealth Report?

Hypothesis: New Delhi with Beijing shares the top position as the most targeted emerging markets retail destination among Asia-Pacific markets.


Premise: Particularly what part of the weather has been studied?

Hypothesis: Numerous weather stations were placed in the mountains early in the early 20th century, providing continuous data for climatologists.


Premise: Students in Hyderabad may be required to acquire one of two different certificates, one is  the Secondary School Certificate, what is the other?

Hypothesis: Depending on the institution, students are required to sit the Secondary School Certificate or the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education.


Premise: Along with slangs, patois and pidgins, what is another type of smiilar speech variety?

Hypothesis: Other types of speech varieties include jargons, which are characterized by differences in lexicon (vocabulary); slang; patois; pidgins; and argots.


Premise: In what years did Arsenal get into the FA Cup finals?

Hypothesis: The club's only success during this time was a last-minute 3–2 victory over Manchester United in the 1979 FA Cup Final, widely regarded as a classic.


Premise: What's one reason the capital was moved to Richmond?

Hypothesis: In 1775, Patrick Henry delivered his famous "Give me Liberty or Give me Death" speech in St. John's Church in Richmond, crucial for deciding Virginia's participation in the First Continental Congress and setting the course for revolution and independence.


Premise: Who was the author of the first published book classifying humans into distinct races?

Hypothesis: In the 18th century the differences among human groups became a focus of scientific investigation.


Premise: Which landmark is considered the spark for LGBT rights?

Hypothesis: Hundreds of private properties are listed on the National Register of Historic Places or as a National Historic Landmark such as, for example, the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village as the catalyst of the modern gay rights movement.


Premise: What does this iconic exterior shot display?

Hypothesis: included several scenes shot in Santa Monica, including those along the California Incline, which led to the movie's treasure spot, "The Big W".


Premise: How long before Eisenhower was to be transferred to France did World War I end?

Hypothesis: This time his wishes were thwarted when the armistice was signed, just a week before departure.


Premise: Which was the last amateur team to compete for the Canadian football championship?

Hypothesis: The Grey Cup was established in 1909 after being donated by Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey, The Governor General of Canada as the championship of teams under the CRU for the Rugby Football Championship of Canada.


Premise: What industries do Jehovah Witnesses avoid working in?

Hypothesis: They do not work in industries associated with the military, do not serve in the armed services, and refuse national military service, which in some countries may result in their arrest and imprisonment.


Premise: What was the nickname of Edward III's son Edward?

Hypothesis: The price was high, as the population of France at the end of the Wars was likely half what it had been at the start of the conflict.


Premise: During what days did the allied squadron third siege attempt take place?

Hypothesis: The third siege attempt was made 19–31 August 1855, but the city was already fortified and the squadron could not approach close enough for landing operations.


Premise: Who are a few wrestlers who have had memoirs written about them?

Hypothesis: Documentary filmmakers have studied the lives of wrestlers and the effects the profession has on them and their families.


Premise: What percent of sales are contributed by hunters?

Hypothesis: The stamps serve as a license to hunt migratory birds, an entrance pass for all National Wildlife Refuge areas, and are also considered collectors items often purchased for aesthetic reasons outside of the hunting and birding communities.


Premise: What producer wanted to remove Crystal Bowersox from the competition?

Hypothesis: Crystal Bowersox, who has Type-I diabetes, fell ill due to diabetic ketoacidosis on the morning of the girls performance night for the top 20 week and was hospitalized.


Premise: Aside from the koofiyad, what do Somali men wear on their head?

Hypothesis: When not dressed in Westernized clothing such as jeans and t-shirts, Somali men typically wear the macawis, which is a sarong-like garment worn around the waist.


Premise: Who was one of the original MoU signers?

Hypothesis: 14 of the world's largest mobile phone manufacturers signed the EU's common EPS Memorandum of Understanding (MoU).


Premise: What is notable about the Notre Dame marching band?

Hypothesis: The band regularly plays the school's fight song the Notre Dame Victory March, which was named as the most played and most famous fight song by Northern Illinois Professor William Studwell.


Premise: Destiny's Child got a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in what year?

Hypothesis: 's on October 25, 2005, in the US and accepted a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in March 2006.


Premise: What is the Köppen abbreviation for a humid subtropical climate?

Hypothesis: Of these, Kathmandu Valley is in the Warm Temperate Zone (elevation ranging from 1,200–2,300 metres (3,900–7,500 ft)), where the climate is fairly temperate, atypical for the region.


Premise: How many works displayed at The Salon de la Section d'Or at the Galerie La Boétie in Paris, October 1912?

Hypothesis: Over 200 works were displayed, and the fact that many of the artists showed artworks representative of their development from 1909 to 1912 gave the exhibition the allure of a Cubist retrospective.


Premise: What battle did Private Henry Wyatt die in?

Hypothesis: At Appomattox Court House in Virginia in April 1865, the 75th North Carolina Regiment, a cavalry unit, fired the last shots of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the Civil War.


Premise: What is the most renowned argricultural institues?

Hypothesis: CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishwavidyalya Palampur is one of the most renowned hill agriculture institutes in world.


Premise: How many passengers did Paris see in 2014?

Hypothesis: There is also one general aviation airport, Paris-Le Bourget, historically the oldest Parisian airport and closest to the city centre, which is now used only for private business flights and air shows.


Premise: What other error code was eventually covered by this warranty extension?

Hypothesis: The warranty extension is not granted for any other types of failures that do not generate these specific error codes.


Premise: What art required adherence to rigid code?

Hypothesis: The Egyptians were one of the first major civilisations to codify design elements in art and architecture.


Premise: Why can't federal courts just make up law?

Hypothesis: Only in a few narrow limited areas, like maritime law, has the Constitution expressly authorized the continuation of English common law at the federal level (meaning that in those areas federal courts can continue to make law as they see fit, subject to the limitations of stare decisis).


Premise: When did the sacrifices to the deities of the heavens occur?

Hypothesis: After the sacrifice, a banquet was held; in state cults, the images of honoured deities took pride of place on banqueting couches and by means of the sacrificial fire consumed their proper portion (exta, the innards).


Premise: What type of department stores are Myer and David Jones?

Hypothesis: Today Myer and David Jones, located nationally, are practically the national department stores duopoly in Australia.


Premise: What is a potential problem with the use of gas in a light bulb?

Hypothesis: The role of the gas is to prevent evaporation of the filament, without introducing significant heat losses.


Premise: When was William James born?

Hypothesis: (His method of argument in arriving at this view, however, still readily encounters debate within philosophy even today.)


Premise: What was the name of the explorer who visited the area in 1609?

Hypothesis: He proceeded to sail up what he named the North River, also called the Mauritis River, and now known as the Hudson River, to the site of the present-day New York State capital of Albany in the belief that it might represent an oceanic tributary.


Premise: How many miles of highways are in Nanjing?

Hypothesis: The two artery roads in Nanjing are Zhongshan Road and Hanzhong.


Premise: Which far away cities in other countries could feel the earthquake?

Hypothesis: Strong aftershocks, some exceeding magnitude 6, continued to hit the area even months after the main quake, causing new casualties and damage.


Premise: Duration options for subscription to PS+ are either three months or what period of time?

Hypothesis: Rumors of such service had been in speculation since Kaz Hirai's announcement at TGS 2009 of a possible paid service for PSN but with the current PSN service still available.


Premise: When was Ceefax launched?

Hypothesis: CEEFAX has not made a full transition to digital television, instead being replaced by the new interactive BBCi service.


Premise: What arts were the Qing emperors good at?

Hypothesis: Court painters made new versions of the Song masterpiece, Zhang Zeduan's Along the River During the Qingming Festival whose depiction of a prosperous and happy realm demonstrated the beneficence of the emperor.


Premise: How many international overnight visitors came to Melbourne during the year ending March 2014?

Hypothesis: For five years in a row (as of 2015) it has held the top position in a survey by The Economist Intelligence Unit of the world's most liveable cities on the basis of a number of attributes which include its broad cultural offerings.


Premise: Who wrote the Decretum?

Hypothesis: Secular law, or Roman law, was advanced greatly by the discovery of the Corpus Juris Civilis in the 11th century, and by 1100 Roman law was being taught at Bologna.


Premise: What city was Cheerwine created and based in?

Hypothesis: Another fast-food chain, Bojangles', was started in Charlotte, and has its corporate headquarters there.


Premise: Whose teachings did Jan Hus base his own on?

Hypothesis: Hus gained a great following in Bohemia, and in 1414, he was requested to appear at the Council of Constance to defend his cause.


Premise: What organization researched the use of regional Dutch dialects and found their usage declining?

Hypothesis: Recent research by Geert Driessen shows that the use of dialects and regional languages among both Dutch adults and youth is in heavy decline.


Premise: What was placed on Jesus' head?

Hypothesis: Jesus then had to make his way to the place of his crucifixion.


Premise: What did Charles George Gordon spend his time between?

Hypothesis: A dedicated Christian, he spent his time between assignments living among the poor and donating his salary on their behalf.


Premise: What type of case saw Cicero testify against Clodius?

Hypothesis: Clodius also passed a bill that forced Cato to lead the invasion of Cyprus which would keep him away from Rome for some years.


Premise: What is the nickname of the city that the government is trying to push now?

Hypothesis: Since 2013, to refer to the City particularly in relation to government campaigns, the abbreviation CDMX has been used (from Ciudad de México).


Premise: Who are some contemporary composers from Portugal?

Hypothesis: In the classical music domain, Portugal is represented by names as the pianists Artur Pizarro, Maria João Pires, Sequeira Costa, the violinists Carlos Damas, Gerardo Ribeiro and in the past by the great cellist Guilhermina Suggia.


Premise: In 2006 what was crime mostly comprised of?

Hypothesis: The majority of this was property crime, which affected 3.74% of Santa Monica's population in 2006; this was higher than the rates for Los Angeles County (2.76%) and California (3.17%), but lower than the national average (3.91%).


Premise: Who duplicated Alcock and Brown flight in 2005?

Hypothesis: In July 2005, the flight was duplicated by American aviator and adventurer Steve Fossett in a replica Vickers Vimy aircraft, with St. John's International Airport substituting for Lester's Field (now an urban and residential part of the city).


Premise: When did Madrid get it's own anthropological society?

Hypothesis: Similar organizations in other countries followed: The American Anthropological Association in 1902, the Anthropological Society of Madrid (1865), the Anthropological Society of Vienna (1870), the Italian Society of Anthropology and Ethnology (1871), and many others subsequently.


Premise: What has been formed to protect the fish stocks in Tuvalu Lagoon?

Hypothesis: The rising population has resulted in an increased demand on fish stocks, which are under stress; although the creation of the Funafuti Conservation Area has provided a fishing exclusion area to help sustain the fish population across the Funafuti lagoon.


Premise: What percentage of Estonia's foreign trade was held by Russia in 1992?

Hypothesis: Whereas in 1992 Russia accounted for 92% of Estonia's international trade, today there is extensive economic interdependence between Estonia and its Nordic neighbours: three quarters of foreign investment in Estonia originates in the Nordic countries (principally Finland and Sweden), to which Estonia sends 42% of its exports (as compared to 6.5% going to Russia, 8.8% to Latvia, and 4.7% to Lithuania).


Premise: Who held back the Bulgarian uprising in 1876?

Hypothesis: As a result, Ottoman holdings in Europe declined sharply; Bulgaria was established as an independent principality inside the Ottoman Empire, Romania achieved full independence.


Premise: What is roughly the amount of African slaves imported to Brazil?

Hypothesis: This is not surprising, though: While the greatest number of slaves imported from Africa were sent to Brazil, totalizing roughly 3.5 million people, they lived in such miserable conditions that male African Y-DNA there is significantly rare due to the lack of resources and time involved with raising of children, so that most African descent originarily came from relations between white masters and female slaves.


Premise: In what body gland are the peripheral oscillators located?

Hypothesis: More-or-less independent circadian rhythms are found in many organs and cells in the body outside the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), the "master clock".


Premise: What standard did Unicode inherit involving a Thai language?

Hypothesis: Even if Unicode had adopted encoding according to spoken order, it would still be problematic to collate words in dictionary order.


Premise: What is the meaning of dichotomous keys?

Hypothesis: During the 18th century, systems of plant identification were developed comparable to dichotomous keys, where unidentified plants are placed into taxonomic groups (e.g. family, genus and species) by making a series of choices between pairs of characters.


Premise: Who condemned the Reformation?

Hypothesis: After the expulsion of its Bishop in 1526, and the unsuccessful attempts of the Bern reformer William Farel, Calvin was asked to use the organisational skill he had gathered as a student of law to discipline the "fallen city" of Geneva.


Premise: What prevented the departure of the planned 1205 expedition?

Hypothesis: Philip moved south to meet John; the year's campaigning ended in stalemate and a two-year truce was made between the two rulers.


Premise: Who founded a religion whose cornerstone was deism?

Hypothesis: Though practitioners of religious humanism did not officially organise under the name of "humanism" until the late 19th and early 20th centuries, non-theistic religions paired with human-centred ethical philosophy have a long history.


Premise: What was the port known as prior to the Swedish occupation of St. Barts?

Hypothesis: The port maintained a neutral stance since the Caribbean war was on in the 18th century.


Premise: What domain system is commonly used nowdays to classify microorganisms?

Hypothesis: The archaea and eukaryotes are more closely related to each other than either is to the bacteria.


Premise: What unique form of dance originated in the neighbourhods of Montevideo?

Hypothesis: Tango, candombe and murga are the three main styles of music in this city.


Premise: What is the title of the film where a man becomes permanently grounded in an airport terminal?

Hypothesis: One such example of this is The Terminal, a film about a man who becomes permanently grounded in an airport terminal and must survive only on the food and shelter provided by the airport.


Premise: What song did Beyoncé donate to the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé became an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign donating her song "I Was Here" and its music video, shot in the UN, to the campaign.


Premise: Which insects walk, fly, and swim?

Hypothesis: Adult insects typically move about by walking, flying, or sometimes swimming (see below, Locomotion).


Premise: What doe s the law require for criminals

Hypothesis: As in other aspects of the criminal justice system, this law has disproportionate effects for minorities.


Premise: What did Asif Jah I rename Deccan Suba to?

Hypothesis: In 1724, Asif Jah I defeated Mubariz Khan to establish autonomy over the Deccan Suba, named the region Hyderabad Deccan, and started what came to be known as the Asif Jahi dynasty.


Premise: What did the admirers of Nasser lack?

Hypothesis: His followers were numerous and well-funded, but lacked any permanent structure and organization.


Premise: What year was Seleucus killed?

Hypothesis: Lysimachus, who had seized Macedon and Thessaly for himself, was forced into war when Seleucus invaded his territories in Asia minor and was defeated and killed in 281 BCE at the Battle of Corupedium, near Sardis.


Premise: Which people would Mohammad's critics have compared him to at the time?

Hypothesis: According to Welch, these seizures would have been seen by those around him as convincing evidence for the superhuman origin of Muhammad's inspirations.


Premise: How much less viscous is lead glass compared with soda glass?

Hypothesis: The viscosity decrease of lead glass melt is very significant (roughly 100 times in comparison with soda glasses); this allows easier removal of bubbles and working at lower temperatures, hence its frequent use as an additive in vitreous enamels and glass solders.


Premise: Can people in New Zealand vote for the 51st State Party?

Hypothesis: As of 2014[update], the party remains unregistered and cannot appear on a ballot.


Premise: What class of PCBs are even more susceptible to static than standard ones?

Hypothesis: Traces have become so fine that it's quite possible to blow an etch off the board (or change its characteristics) with a static charge.


Premise: When did he leave France for Venice?

Hypothesis: It was around this time that he, with the aid of Monsignor Bruno Heim, formed his coat of arms with a lion of Saint Mark on a white ground.


Premise: How many US warships were damaged by gun fire and mines?

Hypothesis: Aside from very occasional gunfire from North Korean shore batteries, the main threat to United States and UN navy ships was from magnetic mines.


Premise: What do the Chinese say is the total number of shocks after the quake?

Hypothesis: According to Chinese official counts, "by 12:00 CST, November 6, 2008 there had been 42,719 total aftershocks, of which 246 ranged from 4.0 MS to 4.9 MS, 34 from 5.0 MS to 5.9 MS, and 8 from 6.0 Ms to 6.4 MS; the strongest aftershock measured 6.4 MS.


Premise: When was the Young Turk Revolution?

Hypothesis: Sultan Abdülhamid II distrusted the admirals who sided with the reformist Midhat Pasha, and claimed that the large and expensive fleet was of no use against the Russians during the Russo-Turkish War.


Premise: Diesel powered freight deliveries continued through what date?

Hypothesis: Service was discontinued in 1953 but diesel-powered freight deliveries to warehouses along the route continued until March 11, 1988.


Premise: Along with critical dimension and depth, what can the infrared light reflectance be used to determine in regard to high aspect ratio trench structures?

Hypothesis: In the semiconductor industry, infrared light can be used to characterize materials such as thin films and periodic trench structures.


Premise: In what year did the Hudson's skyscraper close?

Hypothesis: By 1961 the downtown skyscraper accounted for only half of Hudson's sales; it closed in 1986.


Premise: What does Link morph into in A Link to the Past?

Hypothesis: In A Link to the Past, Link travels between a "Light World" and a "Dark World"; in Ocarina of Time, as well as in Oracle of Ages, Link travels between two different time periods.


Premise: What aims at bringing EU and its neighbours closer?

Hypothesis: The UK is seen as having a "natural" relationship with Israel on account of the British Mandate for Palestine.


Premise: What was the company that was responsible Connecticut rise as a manufacturing economy?

Hypothesis: His factory, along with that of Simeon North, and the lively clock-making and brass hardware sectors, contributed to making early Connecticut a powerful manufacturing economy; so many arms manufacturers sprang up that the state became known as "The Arsenal of America".


Premise: Of how many ships does the merchant marine fleet consist?

Hypothesis: These ships carry cargo and passengers between the main atolls and travel between Suva, Fiji and Funafuti 3 to 4 times a year.


Premise: The Scorpions hailed from what country?

Hypothesis: From outside the United Kingdom and the United States, the Canadian trio Rush released three distinctively hard rock albums in 1974–75 (Rush, Fly by Night and Caress of Steel) before moving toward a more progressive sound with the 1976 album 2112.


Premise: Who regarded Bolama as their own in the 19th century?

Hypothesis: But by the 19th century the Portuguese were sufficiently secure in Bissau to regard the neighbouring coastline as their own special territory, also up north in part of present South Senegal.


Premise: What percentage range of uranium oxide is usually contained in low-grade uranium ore?

Hypothesis: Low-grade uranium ore mined typically contains 0.01 to 0.25% uranium oxides.


Premise: On which floor is the Belgian Suite located?

Hypothesis: They are allocated a large suite of rooms known as the Belgian Suite, situated at the foot of the Minister's Staircase, on the ground floor of the north-facing Garden Wing.


Premise: What does the State have no legitimate interest in protecting any or all religions from?

Hypothesis: In Epperson v. Arkansas, 393 U.S. 97 (1968), the Supreme Court considered an Arkansas law that made it a crime "to teach the theory or doctrine that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals," or "to adopt or use in any such institution a textbook that teaches" this theory in any school or university that received public funds.


Premise: Who wrote the fictionalized "Chopin?"

Hypothesis: Possibly the first venture into fictional treatments of Chopin's life was a fanciful operatic version of some of its events.


Premise: When was the meeting held?

Hypothesis: On December 8, the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus secretly met in Belavezhskaya Pushcha, in western Belarus, and signed the Belavezha Accords, which proclaimed the Soviet Union had ceased to exist and announced formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as a looser association to take its place.


Premise: What is the first year of the Shamsi Hijri Calender based on?

Hypothesis: The Solar Hijri calendar, also called the Shamsi Hijri calendar, and abbreviated as SH, is the official calendar of Iran and Afghanistan.


Premise: What weakens cell walls?

Hypothesis: Lignin is also used in other cell types like sclerenchyma fibers that provide structural support for a plant and is a major constituent of wood.


Premise: By how much did foreign trade increase in Sichuan in 2008?

Hypothesis: These achievements were accomplished because of significant changes in China's foreign trade policy, acceleration of the yuan's appreciation, increase of commercial incentives and increase in production costs.


Premise: What's the largest retail center in Southampton?

Hypothesis: Southampton's largest retail centre, and 35th largest in the UK, is the WestQuay Shopping Centre, which opened in September 2000 and hosts major high street stores including John Lewis and Marks and Spencer.


Premise: Along with the United States, the United Kingdom and France, who formed SEATO?

Hypothesis: Alliance with the U.K., France, New Zealand and Australia in defense of Vietnam against communism.


Premise: Who comprises the invisible church?

Hypothesis: Because the five solas are the main tenets of the Protestant faith, non-denominational groups and organizations are also considered Protestant.


Premise: What USDA hardiness zone is Santa Monica located in?

Hypothesis: It is located in USDA plant hardiness zone 11a.


Premise: What natural resource dropped in value?

Hypothesis: Both the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspended trading of companies based in southwestern China.


Premise: What is the food coated with for easier passage?

Hypothesis: In the pharynx, the food is lubricated by mucus secretions for easier passage.


Premise: What path did Buddha find to soothe the strictness of Sramana religions?

Hypothesis: Buddha found a Middle Way that ameliorated the extreme asceticism found in the Sramana religions.


Premise: What do hunters pay to obtain hunting license?

Hypothesis: There is presumed to be relatively very little subsistence hunting in the country (with most hunting for either sport or commercial profit).


Premise: Who sent the Byzantine craftsmen that built Yaroslav's cathedral?

Hypothesis: It was built mainly by Byzantine master craftsmen, sent by Constantine Monomachos, between 1037 and 1046.


Premise: How does nucleoid look?

Hypothesis: The phylum Planctomycetes and candidate phylum Poribacteria may be exceptions to the general absence of internal membranes in bacteria, because they appear to have a double membrane around their nucleoids and contain other membrane-bound cellular structures.


Premise: Who coined the term post-punk?

Hypothesis: These artists instead defined punk as "an imperative to constant change", believing that "radical content demands radical form".


Premise: By the end of Augustus's reign what was an established fact?

Hypothesis: By the end of his reign, Augustus had appropriated Rome's political apparatus – and most of its religious cults – within his "reformed" and thoroughly integrated system of government.


Premise: What were biologists trying to avoid discussing the political implications of?

Hypothesis: The authors attributed this to biologists trying to avoid discussing the political implications of racial classifications, instead of discussing them, and to the ongoing discussions in biology about the validity of the concept "subspecies".


Premise: What was the recording time available on a 12 inch disc?

Hypothesis: Because a 10-inch 78 rpm record could hold about three minutes of sound per side and the 10-inch size was the standard size for popular music, almost all popular recordings were limited to around three minutes in length.


Premise: How many credits were needed for an M.Sc. (Tech.) degree before the Bologna Process?

Hypothesis: (Tech.) required 180 credits, whereas M.Sc.


Premise: Who kept the demonstrators separated?

Hypothesis: Demonstrators and counter-demonstrators were kept apart by the Australian Federal Police.


Premise: What process is done to polish the surface of the paper?

Hypothesis: Coated paper has a thin layer of material such as calcium carbonate or china clay applied to one or both sides in order to create a surface more suitable for high-resolution halftone screens.


Premise: What was the name of one man who thought Avicenna was Sunni?

Hypothesis: Similar disagreements exist on the background of Avicenna's family, whereas some writers considered them Sunni, some more recent writers contested that they were Shia.


Premise: For how long did the Paris Commune exist?

Hypothesis: The original red banners of the Commune became icons of the socialist revolution; in 1921 members of the French Communist Party came to Moscow and presented the new Soviet government with one of the original Commune banners; it was placed (and is still in place) in the tomb of Vladimir Lenin, next to his open coffin.


Premise: Which three territories make up the Upper Rhine?

Hypothesis: Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.


Premise: Where are Boduli located?

Hypothesis: Note: Besides ethnic groups, Slavs often identify themselves with the local geographical region in which they live.


Premise: Another form of corruption, the practice of usury, is called what?

Hypothesis: Forms of corruption vary, but include bribery, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, gombeenism, parochialism patronage, influence peddling, graft, and embezzlement.


Premise: Did that used to have a different name?

Hypothesis: The FA Cup winners qualify for the following season's UEFA Europa League (formerly named the UEFA Cup; until 1998 they entered the Cup Winners' Cup instead).


Premise: What geographic portion of the front did the Sixth US Army Group operate on?

Hypothesis: Once the coastal assault had succeeded, Eisenhower insisted on retaining personal control over the land battle strategy, and was immersed in the command and supply of multiple assaults through France on Germany.


Premise: Which is the other name that Madonna is always referred as?

Hypothesis: Often referred to as the "Queen of Pop", she is often cited as an influence by other artists.


Premise: What is the 2000-watt society initiative designed to cut by more than half by 2050?

Hypothesis: The agency is supporting the 2000-watt society initiative to cut the nation's energy use by more than half by the year 2050.


Premise: How much did it cost each company for the first season?

Hypothesis: The sponsorship deal cost around $10 million in season one, rising to $35 million by season 7, and between $50 to $60 million in season 10.


Premise: What religion has the most followers in Montevideo?

Hypothesis: The religion with most followers in Montevideo is Roman Catholicism and has been so since the foundation of the city.


Premise: What year did the tradition of Laulupidu start?

Hypothesis: The tradition of Estonian Song Festivals (Laulupidu) started at the height of the Estonian national awakening in 1869.


Premise: What percent of the population are between 14 to 30 years old?

Hypothesis: Tajikistan has a population of 7,349,145 (July 2009 est.) of which 70% are under the age of 30 and 35% are between the ages of 14 and 30.


Premise: How many more people does Seattle expect to have by 2040?

Hypothesis: In 2006, after growing by 4,000 citizens per year for the previous 16 years, regional planners expected the population of Seattle to grow by 200,000 people by 2040.


Premise: What is a major factor whn it comes to electrification?

Hypothesis: In theory, these trains could enjoy dramatic savings through electrification, but it can be too costly to extend electrification to isolated areas, and unless an entire network is electrified, companies often find that they need to continue use of diesel trains even if sections are electrified.


Premise: Do scientists believe that parenting and/or childhood play a role in sexual orientation?

Hypothesis: Scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation, but they believe that it is caused by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences.


Premise: What would have maintained power if the treaty was signed?

Hypothesis: However, it would have meant some degree of continued Communist Party control over economic and social life.


Premise: What part of speech does Dutch mostly use cases for?

Hypothesis: In the spoken language cases and case inflections had already gradually disappeared from a much earlier date on (probably the 15th century) as in many continental West Germanic dialects.


Premise: How much of the US believes Spielberg is influential?

Hypothesis: Gerry Philpott, president of E-Poll Market Research, supported Spielberg's score by stating, "If anyone doubts that Steven Spielberg has greatly influenced the public, think about how many will think for a second before going into the water this summer."


Premise: What position was the teacher later given by the Holy Roman Church ?

Hypothesis: Pope Pius IX would later appoint Spada Master of the Sacred Palace in 1867.


Premise: What do Presbyterians put importance into?

Hypothesis: It is generally considered that the point of such learning is to enable one to put one's faith into practice; some Presbyterians generally exhibit their faith in action as well as words, by generosity, hospitality, as well as proclaiming the gospel of Christ.


Premise: What year does the city plan on having a bicycle infrastructure?

Hypothesis: The city is also in the process of implementing a 5-year and 20 year Bike Action Plan with a goal of attaining 14 to 35% bicycle transportation mode share by 2030 through the installation of enhanced bicycle infrastructure throughout the city.


Premise: What was the name of Roland Barthes' essay?

Hypothesis: The French theorist Roland Barthes was among the first to propose that wrestling was worthy of deeper analysis, in his essay "The World of Wrestling" from his book Mythologies, first published in 1957.


Premise: What ingredients give glass-ceramics its useful heat tolerance?

Hypothesis: Thus, glass-ceramics have become extremely useful for countertop cooking.


Premise: What American naval officer led a raid that destroyed a captured American ship?

Hypothesis: The U.S. paid protection money until 1801, when President Thomas Jefferson refused to pay and sent in the Navy to challenge the Barbary States, the First Barbary War followed.


Premise: Who do some scholars think the Sumerian language originally belonged to?

Hypothesis: However, some scholars contest the idea of a Proto-Euphratean language or one substrate language.


Premise: How many towns are believed to be found by   Archaeologists?

Hypothesis: The Garamantes grew populous and strong, conquering their neighbors and capturing many slaves (which were put to work extending the tunnels).


Premise: Why did Whitehead think people continued to subscribe to materialistic thinking?

Hypothesis: After all, each moment of each person's life can hardly be given a different proper name, and it is easy and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things, rather than constantly keeping in mind that each thing is a different thing from what it was a moment ago.


Premise: On what day were beer houses closed?

Hypothesis: Beer houses were not permitted to open on Sundays.


Premise: Who can be credited with saying essentially humans are the gods of gods?

Hypothesis: Humanistic thought is also contained in other Confucian classics, e.g., as recorded in Zuo Zhuan, Ji Liang says, "People is the zhu (master, lord, dominance, owner or origin) of gods.


Premise: How much of Pakistan's large-scale manufacturing is in Punjab?

Hypothesis: It counts for 39.2% of large scale manufacturing and 70% of small scale manufacturing in the country.


Premise: What was inspired by the fall of the Berlin wall?

Hypothesis: By 1990, inspired by the fall of the Berlin Wall, a pro-democracy movement arose.


Premise: A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that which two populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries?

Hypothesis: A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries.


Premise: What percentage makes up for the whites living in the city?

Hypothesis: As of the 2010 U.S. Census, there were 113,394 people, 45,634 households, and 21,704 families residing in the city.


Premise: What year did Cixi die?

Hypothesis: Seeing a desperate situation unfold, the Qing government brought Yuan Shikai back to military power.


Premise: Which countries adopted the 'prefecture system' from China?

Hypothesis: Law enforcement in Ancient China was carried out by "prefects" for thousands of years since it developed in both the Chu and Jin kingdoms of the Spring and Autumn period.


Premise: What military overran much of East Prussia?

Hypothesis: I led the rebuilding of East Prussia, founding numerous towns.


Premise: What is the common term for copyright infringement?

Hypothesis: It is often called "piracy".


Premise: What is the name of the section of the Saturday edition of The Times that features travel and lifestyle?

Hypothesis: These supplements were relaunched in January 2009 as: Sport, Weekend (including travel and lifestyle features), Saturday Review (arts, books, and ideas), The Times Magazine (columns on various topics), and Playlist (an entertainment listings guide).


Premise: How many square miles of territory were added to the British Empire between 1815 and 1914?

Hypothesis: Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies, Britain's dominant position in world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many countries, such as China, Argentina and Siam, which has been characterised by some historians as "Informal Empire".


Premise: Intellectual history and social history are used in what?

Hypothesis: (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.)


Premise: Why might the method gradually applying the operating voltage not be suitable to protect electrolytic capacitors in modern devices?

Hypothesis: Such remedies may not be applicable to modern high-frequency power supplies as these produce full output voltage even with reduced input.


Premise: In what year did the Rus attack Constantinople?

Hypothesis: In 867 the Patriarch announced that the Rus' had accepted a bishop, and in 874 he speaks of an "Archbishop of the Rus'."


Premise: What did Feynman think that the truck windshield would shield him against?

Hypothesis: On witnessing the blast, Feynman ducked towards the floor of his truck because of the immense brightness of the explosion, where he saw a temporary "purple splotch" afterimage of the event.


Premise: What speech did he give?

Hypothesis: On that same night following the conclusion of the first session, the people in Saint Peter's Square chanted and yelled with the sole objective of getting John XXIII to appear at the window to address them.


Premise: When did two clans take up action against the German occupiers?

Hypothesis: The survivors, when finally released from detention, were subjected to a policy of dispossession, deportation, forced labour, racial segregation and discrimination in a system that in many ways anticipated apartheid.


Premise: How high could the homeless number possibly go?

Hypothesis: The earthquake left about 4.8 million people homeless, though the number could be as high as 11 million.


Premise: What romantic drama might be used in a story?

Hypothesis: Also, anything that can be used as an element of drama can exist in professional wrestling stories: romantic relationships (including love triangles and marriage), racism, classism, nepotism, favoritism, corporate corruption, family bonds, personal histories, grudges, theft, cheating, assault, betrayal, bribery, seduction, stalking, confidence tricks, extortion, blackmail, substance abuse, self-doubt, self-sacrifice; even kidnapping, sexual fetishism, necrophilia, misogyny, rape and death have been portrayed in wrestling.


Premise: What is the name of the regiment that frequently served as Napoleon's escort?

Hypothesis: When he became First Consul and later Emperor, Napoleon eschewed his general's uniform and habitually wore the simple green colonel uniform (non-Hussar) of a colonel of the Chasseur à Cheval of the Imperial Guard, the regiment that often served as his personal escort, with a large bicorne.


Premise: What outcome did the accusations against the Christians produce?

Hypothesis: From that point on, Roman official policy towards Christianity tended towards persecution.


Premise: When was ISO's first acceptance of an international recommendation?

Hypothesis: From early in its development, ASCII was intended to be just one of several national variants of an international character code standard, ultimately published as ISO/IEC 646 (1972), which would share most characters in common but assign other locally useful characters to several code points reserved for "national use."


Premise: What are madaris referred to as in Indonesia and Malaysia?

Hypothesis: In countries where Islam is not the majority or state religion, Islamic schools are found in regions such as southern Thailand (near the Thai-Malaysian border) and the southern Philippines in Mindanao, where a significant Muslim population can be found.


Premise: How many people attended cricket at Lord's?

Hypothesis: Some people even told government surveyors that they enjoyed air raids if they occurred occasionally, perhaps once a week.


Premise: What was the English title of Le scandale?

Hypothesis: It was only involved in approximately 20 French film productions.


Premise: What is Switzerland's ranking for per capita gross domestic product on the IMF list?

Hypothesis: It has the highest nominal wealth (financial and non-financial assets) per adult in the world according to Credit Suisse and the eighth-highest per capita gross domestic product on the IMF list.


Premise: When did mixed tag teams start?

Hypothesis: If a tag was made, the other team had to automatically switch their legal wrestler as well.


Premise: What is the study of ancient, fossilized plants?

Hypothesis: Paleobotanists study ancient plants in the fossil record to provide information about the evolutionary history of plants.


Premise: What was project Lantern exploring

Hypothesis: At the time that the results were released, the IJM was exploring opportunities to replicate the model in other regions.


Premise: What is Portuguese pavement?

Hypothesis: Portuguese pavement (in Portuguese, Calçada Portuguesa) is a kind of two-tone stone mosaic paving created in Portugal, and common throughout the Lusosphere.


Premise: What Emperor initially created the quota system?

Hypothesis: The head of a large county of about 10,000 households was called a Prefect, while the heads of smaller counties were called Chiefs, and both could be referred to as Magistrates.


Premise: After leaving Destiny's Child, how many records did Beyoncé release under her own name?

Hypothesis: In 2009, Billboard named her the Top Radio Songs Artist of the Decade, the Top Female Artist of the 2000s and their Artist of the Millennium in 2011.


Premise: What was the effect of the Rotavirus vaccine?

Hypothesis: In the case of Rotavirus, which was responsible for around 6% of diarrheal episodes and 20% of diarrheal disease deaths in the children of developing countries, use of a Rotavirus vaccine in trials in 1985 yielded a slight (2-3%) decrease in total diarrheal disease incidence, while reducing overall mortality by 6-10%.


Premise: What was the political party arrangement of the new constitution?

Hypothesis: The NU would select a nominee for the presidential election whose name would be provided for public approval.


Premise: What company provided New Haven with the fuel cells currently in place throughout the city?

Hypothesis: The fuel cells were provided by ClearEdge Power, formerly UTC Power.


Premise: Which superhero appeared in comics in 1938?

Hypothesis: American comics emerged as a mass medium in the early 20th century with the advent of newspaper comic strips; magazine-style comic books followed in the 1930s, in which the superhero genre became prominent after Superman appeared in 1938.


Premise: What eliminated comparability?

Hypothesis: The system was later extended to cover larger ranges and some of its practical shortcomings were addressed by the Austrian scientist Josef Maria Eder (1855–1944) and Flemish-born botanist Walter Hecht (de) (1896–1960), (who, in 1919/1920, jointly developed their Eder–Hecht neutral wedge sensitometer measuring emulsion speeds in Eder–Hecht grades).


Premise: Which artist released a music video and three audio tracks on CD-V in 1989?

Hypothesis: A CD-V carried up to five minutes of analog LaserDisc-type video content (usually a music video), as well as up to 20 minutes of digital audio CD tracks.


Premise: What modern movement began in the 20th century?

Hypothesis: A noteworthy development in 20th-century Protestant Christianity was the rise of the modern Pentecostal movement.


Premise: The first college basketball championship took place in NYC in what year?

Hypothesis: The first national college-level basketball championship, the National Invitation Tournament, was held in New York in 1938 and remains in the city.


Premise: What is another word for variations?

Hypothesis: For example, in Thai, Hindi, and Quechua, there are minimal pairs of words for which aspiration is the only contrasting feature (two words can have different meanings but with the only difference in pronunciation being that one has an aspirated sound where the other has an unaspirated one).


Premise: What type of parliament does Tuvalu have?

Hypothesis: From 1974 (the creation of the British colony of Tuvalu) until independence, the legislative body of Tuvalu was called the House of the Assembly or Fale I Fono.


Premise: Who assists CAR with telecommunications?

Hypothesis: Presently, the Central African Republic has active television services, radio stations, internet service providers, and mobile phone carriers; Socatel is the leading provider for both internet and mobile phone access throughout the country.


Premise: What year was the Sakya viceregal regime eradicated?

Hypothesis: The Mongol Yuan court was forced to accept him as the new viceroy, and Changchub Gyaltsen and his successors, the Phagmodrupa Dynasty, gained de facto rule over Tibet.


Premise: Where were the first women's Olympic competitions held?

Hypothesis: By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first "modern" Olympic Games in 1896.


Premise: What university is near the New Center?

Hypothesis: Among the city's prominent structures are United States' largest Fox Theatre, the Detroit Opera House, and the Detroit Institute of Arts.


Premise: Where did Liberius go?

Hypothesis: He was ordered into banishment to Beroea, in Thrace; Beroea (Thrace).


Premise: In what year did the Human Development Report introduce the IHDI?

Hypothesis: The 2010 Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI).


Premise: Parabolic and pointed arches were used in what type of constrcution?

Hypothesis: The pointed arch, one of the defining attributes of Gothic, was earlier incorporated into Islamic architecture following the Islamic conquests of Roman Syria and the Sassanid Empire in the Seventh Century.


Premise: What did Czech historians emphasize about their countrymen?

Hypothesis: Czech philologists studied sixteenth-century texts, advocating the return of the language to high culture.


Premise: Who in Valencia was influenced by the age of Enlightenment's ideas?

Hypothesis: In this atmosphere of the exaltation of ideas the Economic Society of Friends of the Country


Premise: What other way could they have crossed on to this continent?

Hypothesis: Another route proposed is that, either on foot or using primitive boats, they migrated down the Pacific coast to South America.


Premise: Who used the vetoes that they had been given to prevent the appointment of magistrates?

Hypothesis: The result of these reforms was that any law passed by the plebeian would have the full force of law.


Premise: Who succeeded Sam Nujoma?

Hypothesis: Several registered political parties are active and represented in the National Assembly, although the Swapo Party has won every election since independence.


Premise: What season is typically characterized as humid and warm in New Haven?

Hypothesis: New Haven lies in the transition between a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfa) and humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), but having more characteristics of the former, as is typical of much of the New York metropolitan area.


Premise: What branch of gevernment is responsible for ratifing treaties?

Hypothesis: The law of the United States comprises many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law, of which the most important is the United States Constitution, the foundation of the federal government of the United States.


Premise: When did the Chinese use diurnal rhythms to remember Acu-points?

Hypothesis: The observation of a circadian or diurnal process in humans is mentioned in Chinese medical texts dated to around the 13th century, including the Noon and Midnight Manual and the Mnemonic Rhyme to Aid in the Selection of Acu-points


Premise: What does Zhejiang consist mostly of?

Hypothesis: Altitudes tend to be the highest to the south and west and the highest peak of the province, Huangmaojian Peak (1,929 meters or 6,329 feet), is located there.


Premise: What antenna can the solid rod be viewed as a dipole antenna?

Hypothesis: For an antenna element  not connected to anything (open circuited) one can write .


Premise: Where did mens' rhythmic gymnastics develop from?

Hypothesis: Men's rhythmic gymnastics is related to both Men's artistic gymnastics and wushu martial arts.


Premise: In what year did the NHL play against World Hockey Association teams?

Hypothesis: From 1975 to 1991, NHL teams sometimes played exhibition games against teams from the Soviet Union in the Super Series, and in 1978, played against World Hockey Association teams also in preseason training.


Premise: Where are oil and gas deposits located near Antarctica?

Hypothesis: It was first recorded near the Beardmore Glacier by Frank Wild on the Nimrod Expedition, and now low-grade coal is known across many parts of the Transantarctic Mountains.


Premise: Sasha Fierce was created during the making of what song?

Hypothesis: Described as being "sexy, seductive and provocative" when performing on stage, Beyoncé has said that she originally created the alter ego "Sasha Fierce" to keep that stage persona separate from who she really is.


Premise: Who did Ruth Hoskins teach the game of Monopoly to?

Hypothesis: After she arrived, Hoskins made a new board with Atlantic City street names, and taught it to a group of local Quakers.


Premise: What does the Battery Charging Specification do?

Hypothesis: The Battery Charging Specification requires that the physical ports themselves be capable of handling 5 A of current[citation needed] but limits the maximum current drawn to 1.5 A.


Premise: What PBS documentary covered the Bronx's music history?

Hypothesis: The New York Times has identified 1520 Sedgwick Avenue "an otherwise unremarkable high-rise just north of the Cross Bronx Expressway and hard along the Major Deegan Expressway" as a starting point, where DJ Kool Herc presided over parties in the community room.


Premise: What power was in possession of every single magistrate in Rome?

Hypothesis: All magistrates also had the power of coercion.


Premise: Where can people who speak Catalan be found?

Hypothesis: By far the most common romance languages in Southern Europe are: Italian, which is spoken by over 50 million people in Italy, San Marino, and the Vatican; and Spanish, which is spoken by over 40 million people in Spain and Gibraltar.


Premise: Who did she wish to see on her deathbed, making it her last request?

Hypothesis: Her favourite pet Pomeranian, Turri, was laid upon her deathbed as a last request.


Premise: What was considered an attributing factor to the decline of the Roman population?

Hypothesis: During the 2nd century BC, Roman territory saw an overall decline in population, partially due to the huge losses incurred during various wars.


Premise: Why did Frederick reduce his manpower at Prague?

Hypothesis: Following the battle at Prague, Frederick took 5,000 troops from the siege at Prague and sent them to reinforce the 19,000-man army under the Duke of Brunswick-Bevern at Kolin in Bohemia.


Premise: What organizations provide hunter education and help protect the future of the sport?

Hypothesis: Local hunting clubs and national organizations provide hunter education and help protect the future of the sport by buying land for future hunting use.


Premise: What are Plymouth residents commonly called?

Hypothesis: People from Plymouth are known as Plymothians or less formally as Janners.


Premise: How many pages is The Times' travel magazine?

Hypothesis: This 164-page monthly magazine is sold separately from the newspaper of record and is Britain's best-selling travel magazine.


Premise: What type of weapon can be used against hovering helicopters?

Hypothesis: RPGs are used in this role only when more effective weapons are not available.


Premise: How much debt was the AFL reported to have as of July 20, 2009?

Hypothesis: On July 20, 2009, Sports Business Journal reported that the AFL owed approximately $14 million to its creditors and were considering filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.


Premise: How does कान्तिपुर transliterate into English?

Hypothesis: This name is derived from two Sanskrit words - Kanti and pur. "


Premise: What do some studies use the word race in the sense of?

Hypothesis: One result of debates over the meaning and validity of the concept of race is that the current literature across different disciplines regarding human variation lacks consensus, though within some fields, such as some branches of anthropology, there is strong consensus.


Premise: How many years does a student spend in secondary and high school in Swaziland?

Hypothesis: There is an external public examination (Junior Certificate) at the end of the junior secondary that learners have to pass to progress to the senior secondary level.


Premise: When Hong Kong was a colony of Great Britain, which body was the highest court of appeal?

Hypothesis: In Hong Kong, the Supreme Court of Hong Kong (now known as the High Court of Hong Kong) was the final court of appeal during its colonial times which ended with transfer of sovereignty in 1997.


Premise: How many Fono members are there?

Hypothesis: The unicameral legislature (the Fono) consists of 49 members serving 5-year terms.


Premise: What are two examples of groups that allow you to obtain copies of protected works?

Hypothesis: Copyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court.


Premise: Why didn't Yonten Gyatso make it to Beijing?

Hypothesis: The Wanli Emperor had invited Yonten Gyatso to Beijing in 1616, but just like his predecessor he died before being able to make the journey.


Premise: What does the Evanston Campus Framework Plan outline?

Hypothesis: The plan not only emphasizes the sustainable construction of buildings, but also discusses improving transportation by optimizing pedestrian and bicycle access.


Premise: Where in India has cotton been found from prehistoric times?

Hypothesis: The use of cotton for fabric is known to date to prehistoric times; fragments of cotton fabric dated from 5000 BC have been excavated in Mexico and the Indus Valley Civilization in Ancient India (modern-day Pakistan and some parts of India).


Premise: What are two popular Northern Portugal dishes?

Hypothesis: A very popular northern dish is the arroz de sarrabulho (rice stewed in pigs blood) or the arroz de cabidela (rice and chickens meat stewed in chickens blood).


Premise: Which musical artists were featured on LD Jukeboxes in 1985?

Hypothesis: In 1985, Jasmine Multimedia created LaserDisc Juke Boxes featuring music videos from Michael Jackson, Duran Duran, and Cyndi Lauper.


Premise: Where did Kanye West live as a child?

Hypothesis: Raised in Chicago, West briefly attended art school before becoming known as a producer for Roc-A-Fella Records in the early 2000s, producing hit singles for artists such as Jay-Z and Alicia Keys.


Premise: Modern Baptist churches trace their history to the English Separatist movement in the century after the rise of what?

Hypothesis: Modern Baptist churches trace their history to the English Separatist movement in the century after the rise of the original Protestant denominations.


Premise: Where does Valencia's port rank among Spanish ports in terms of total traffic?

Hypothesis: Valencia's port is the biggest on the Mediterranean western coast, the first of Spain in container traffic as of 2008 and the second of Spain in total traffic, handling 20% of Spain's exports.


Premise: Where does the money made from wrestling come from?

Hypothesis: Although professional wrestling started out as petty acts in sideshows, traveling circuses and carnivals, today it is a billion-dollar industry.


Premise: What part of town is the plant owned by VWN located in?

Hypothesis: The Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Transporter (VWN) factory at Hannover-Stöcken is the biggest employer in the region and operates a huge plant at the northern edge of town adjoining the Mittellandkanal and Motorway A2.


Premise: Other than the ID3v1, which similar standard format for tag exists?

Hypothesis: As of 2010, the most widespread are ID3v1 and ID3v2, and the more recently introduced APEv2.


Premise: Where was Victor Emmanuel II from?

Hypothesis: Camillo di Cavour, under orders of Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont-Sardinia, sent an expeditionary corps of 15,000 soldiers, commanded by General Alfonso La Marmora, to side with French and British forces during the war.:111–12 This was an attempt at gaining the favour of the French, especially when the issue of uniting Italy would become an important matter.


Premise: What did European traders exchange with Bantu people?

Hypothesis: After centuries as a major hub for transatlantic trade, direct European colonization of the Congo river delta began in the late 19th century, subsequently eroding the power of the Bantu societies in the region.


Premise: Which line was reopened in 2009?

Hypothesis: In July 2009 the Glounthaune to Midleton line was reopened, with new stations at Carrigtwohill and Midleton (with future stations planned for Kilbarry, Monard, Carrigtwohill West and Blarney).


Premise: At which stage of life was Popper most strongly influenced by Marxist thinking?

Hypothesis: Although he quickly became disillusioned with the views expounded by Marxism, his flirtation with the ideology led him to distance himself from those who believed that spilling blood for the sake of a revolution was necessary.


Premise: What success did the British have in Cuba?

Hypothesis: In the Philippines, the British were confined to Manila until their agreed upon withdrawal at the war's end.


Premise: What year did Dell come under fire from the Taiwanese Consumer Protection Commission?

Hypothesis: In July 2009, Dell apologized after drawing the ire of the Taiwanese Consumer Protection Commission for twice refusing to honour a flood of orders against unusually low prices offered on its Taiwanese website.


Premise: The autumn storms of what sea forced the return of yet more French ships?

Hypothesis: As the autumn storms of the North Sea forced the return of more of the French ships, the blockade of the north German ports diminished and in September 1870 the French navy abandoned the blockade for the winter.


Premise: What game do the Bluejays play against the Expos?

Hypothesis: The two Canadian MLB teams, the Toronto Blue Jays of the American League and the Montreal Expos of the National League, met annually to play the Pearson Cup exhibition game; this tradition ended when the Expos moved to Washington DC for the 2005 season.


Premise: What do external portable USB hard drive disks offer?

Hypothesis: These offer performance comparable to internal drives, limited by the current number and types of attached USB devices, and by the upper limit of the USB interface (in practice about 30 MB/s for USB 2.0 and potentially 400 MB/s or more for USB 3.0).


Premise: Which region is Oklahoma city located in?

Hypothesis: Oklahoma City lies in the Sandstone Hills region of Oklahoma, known for hills of 250 to 400 feet (120 m) and two species of oak: blackjack oak (Quercus marilandica) and post oak (Q. stellata).


Premise: What empire was Guinea-Bissau once part of?

Hypothesis: Guinea-Bissau was once part of the kingdom of Gabu, as well as part of the Mali Empire.


Premise: If the transcription is very long, where on the RNA may translation begin?

Hypothesis: In prokaryotes, transcription occurs in the cytoplasm; for very long transcripts, translation may begin at the 5' end of the RNA while the 3' end is still being transcribed.


Premise: Charleston was the state capital of South Carolina until what year?

Hypothesis: It was more easily grown in the upland areas, and cotton quickly became South Carolina's major export commodity.


Premise: How long was Beyonce depressed?

Hypothesis: The depression was so severe it lasted for a couple of years, during which she occasionally kept herself in her bedroom for days and refused to eat anything.


Premise: What were the Japanese puppet states?

Hypothesis: The Axis states which assisted Japan included the authoritarian government of Thailand in World War II, which quickly formed a temporary alliance with the Japanese in 1941, as the Japanese forces were already invading the peninsula of southern Thailand.


Premise: In Australia, what percent of passerine species are partially migratory?

Hypothesis: Many fully migratory species show leap-frog migration (birds that nest at higher latitudes spend the winter at lower latitudes), and many show the alternative, chain migration, where populations 'slide' more evenly north and south without reversing order.


Premise: Who wrote Historia Regum Britanniae?

Hypothesis: Gesta Regum on the kings of England.


Premise: What do international actions do according to these scholars?

Hypothesis: International legal actions, such as trade sanctions increase child labour.


Premise: What did Washington do after defeating the British Army?

Hypothesis: As the war ended, Washington watched proudly as the final British army quietly sailed out of New York City in November 1783, taking the Loyalist leadership with them.


Premise: Which two Amiibo figures reload Link's stock of arrows?

Hypothesis: Special bundles of the game contain a Wolf Link Amiibo figurine, which unlocks a Wii U-exclusive dungeon called the "Cave of Shadows" and can carry data over to the upcoming 2016 Zelda game.


Premise: Which year did the inhabitants decide there were too many slaves?

Hypothesis: Eventually the planters felt there were too many slaves and no more were imported after 1792.


Premise: Which constitution gave legislative power to protect intellectual property?

Hypothesis: The German equivalent was used with the founding of the North German Confederation whose constitution granted legislative power over the protection of intellectual property (Schutz des geistigen Eigentums) to the confederation.


Premise: How many inches of precipitation does Atlantic City receive annually?

Hypothesis: Annual precipitation is 40 inches (1,020 mm) which is fairly spread throughout the year.


Premise: What must the referee do to rule the match at an end via disqualification?

Hypothesis: In WWE, a referee must see the violation with their own eyes to rule that the match end in a disqualification (simply watching the video tape is not usually enough) and the referee's ruling is almost always final, although Dusty finishes (named after, and made famous by, Dusty Rhodes) will often result in the referee's decision being overturned.


Premise: How did these countries become part of the USSR?

Hypothesis: Elections were held with single pro-Soviet candidates listed for many positions, with resulting peoples assemblies immediately requesting admission into the USSR, which was granted by the Soviet Union.


Premise: What does the acronym INTERPOL stand for?

Hypothesis: Eritrea is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, and is an observing member of the Arab League.


Premise: In which gardens was the Bell Telephone Memorial constructed?

Hypothesis: Honors and tributes flowed to Bell in increasing numbers as his most famous invention became ubiquitous and his personal fame grew.


Premise: In which year was there a cover article on the National Geographic regarding diet recommendations?

Hypothesis: A National Geographic cover article from November 2005, entitled The Secrets of Living Longer, also recommends a whole plant food diet.


Premise: What is a melodeon a kind of?

Hypothesis: Once the family was settled in, both Bell and his father made plans to establish a teaching practice and in 1871, he accompanied his father to Montreal, where Melville was offered a position to teach his System of Visible Speech.


Premise: How much of Nigeria's female population can read?

Hypothesis: After the 1970s oil boom, tertiary education was improved so that it would reach every subregion of Nigeria.


Premise: What did the Chinese group yell?

Hypothesis: A Japanese family with Malaysian citizenship and their 5-year-old child who unfurled a Tibetan flag were hit by a group of Chinese nationals with plastic air-filled batons and heckled by a crowd of Chinese citizens during the confrontation at Independence Square where the relay began, and the Chinese group shouted: "Taiwan and Tibet belong to China."


Premise: Where did John derive income from?

Hypothesis: Matters were not helped by Richard's sale of many royal properties in 1189, and taxation played a much smaller role in royal income than in later centuries.


Premise: What was the name of the aircraft that crashed into the World Trade Center's South Tower on September 11, 2001?

Hypothesis: The city and surrounding area suffered the bulk of the economic damage and largest loss of human life in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks when 10 of the 19 terrorists associated with Al-Qaeda piloted American Airlines Flight 11 into the North Tower of the World Trade Center and United Airlines Flight 175 into the South Tower of the World Trade Center, and later destroyed them, killing 2,192 civilians, 343 firefighters, and 71 law enforcement officers who were in the towers and in the surrounding area.


Premise: In what year was Coker v. Georgia decided?

Hypothesis: In 2008, the Kennedy v. Louisiana decision barred the death penalty for child rape.


Premise: How well did Kanye do in high school?

Hypothesis: According to his mother, West was the only foreigner in his class, but settled in well and quickly picked up the language, although he has since forgotten most of it.


Premise: In what year did the GHMC form?

Hypothesis: The GHMC was formed in April 2007 by merging the Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad (MCH) with 12 municipalities of the Hyderabad, Ranga Reddy and Medak districts covering a total area of 650 km2 (250 sq mi).:3


Premise: How many metres apart are 181st Street's two subway stations?

Hypothesis: 181st Street is served by two New York City Subway lines; there is a 181st Street station at Fort Washington Avenue on the IND Eighth Avenue Line (A trains) and a 181st Street station at St. Nicholas Avenue on the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line (1 trains).


Premise: What was the percentage increase of Manhattan hotel rooms between 2013 and 2014?

Hypothesis: Manhattan was on track to have an estimated 90,000 hotel rooms at the end of 2014, a 10% increase from 2013.


Premise: When did El Nuevo Herald leave Miami?

Hypothesis: The Miami Herald and El Nuevo Herald are Miami's and South Florida's main, major and largest newspapers.


Premise: In what era was a geocentric view of the universe adopted?

Hypothesis: Han-era astronomers adopted a geocentric model of the universe, theorizing that it was shaped like a sphere surrounding the earth in the center.


Premise: What is clothing made to order for private clients called?

Hypothesis: Paris is also the home of the world's largest cosmetics company, L'Oréal, and three of the five top global makers of luxury fashion accessories; Louis Vuitton, Hermés and Cartier.


Premise: In what treaty were the serial Japan-Korea treaties of 1905, 1907, and 1910 confirmed as "already null and void?"

Hypothesis: There are several reasons an otherwise valid and agreed upon treaty may be rejected as a binding international agreement, most of which involve problems created at the formation of the treaty.[citation needed]


Premise: Who initially molded the theory of algebraic groups?

Hypothesis: The theory of Lie groups, and more generally locally compact groups was studied by Hermann Weyl, Élie Cartan and many others.


Premise: What countries ban the religious activities of Jehovah's Witnesses?

Hypothesis: Political and religious animosity against Jehovah's Witnesses has at times led to mob action and government oppression in various countries.


Premise: Who found mass graves?

Hypothesis: The discovery of mass graves in Kurapaty outside Minsk by historian Zianon Pazniak, the Belarusian Popular Front’s first leader, gave additional momentum to the pro-democracy and pro-independence movement in Belarus.


Premise: What empire conquered most of the subcontinent in the 3rd and 4th centuries BC?

Hypothesis: From the 3rd century BC onwards Prakrit and Pali literature in the north and the Sangam literature in southern India started to flourish.


Premise: What notable Romanesque metalwork is named for Gloucester?

Hypothesis: Romanesque art, especially metalwork, was at its most sophisticated in Mosan art, in which distinct artistic personalities including Nicholas of Verdun (d. 1205) become apparent, and an almost classical style is seen in works such as a font at Liège, contrasting with the writhing animals of the exactly contemporary Gloucester Candlestick.


Premise: What would verdigris do to other colors that it came in contact with?

Hypothesis: Verdigris is made by placing a plate or blade of copper, brass or bronze, slightly warmed, into a vat of fermenting wine, leaving it there for several weeks, and then scraping off and drying the green powder that forms on the metal.


Premise: What protects the young plant in the seed?

Hypothesis: The young sporophyte develops within the seed, which on germination splits to release it.


Premise: What caused Hayek to turn away from Wiser's ideology?

Hypothesis: It was during this time that he also encountered and befriended noted political philosopher Eric Voegelin, with whom he retained a long-standing relationship.


Premise: What three qualities of Liszt are stated to have captivated Frédéric?

Hypothesis: Some commentators point to events in the two men's romantic lives which led to a rift between them; there are claims that Liszt had displayed jealousy of his mistress Marie d'Agoult's obsession with Chopin, while others believe that Chopin had become concerned about Liszt's growing relationship with George Sand.


Premise: What caused the nobility to leave Valencia?

Hypothesis: The revolt was an anti-monarchist, anti-feudal autonomist movement inspired by the Italian republics, and a social revolt against the nobility who had fled the city before an epidemic of plague in 1519.


Premise: Rome's final conquest of Greek lands followed which war?

Hypothesis: The Hellenistic period may be seen to end either with the final conquest of the Greek heartlands by Rome in 146 BC following the Achean War, with the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, or even the move by Roman emperor Constantine the Great of the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in 330 AD.


Premise: What type of meat is never present in halal dishes?

Hypothesis: There are therefore no pork dishes, alcohol is not served, nothing that died on its own is eaten, and no blood is incorporated.


Premise: Which Sanskrit linguist describes Sanskrit as a "particularly refined or perfected manner of speaking?"

Hypothesis: Sanskrit linguist Madhav Deshpande says that when the term "Sanskrit" arose it was not thought of as a specific language set apart from other languages, but rather as a particularly refined or perfected manner of speaking.


Premise: Why was the first quantized model of the atom introduced?

Hypothesis: Bohr solved this paradox with explicit reference to Planck's work: an electron in a Bohr atom could only have certain defined energies En


Premise: When did agrarian societies start to arise in Southeast Europe?

Hypothesis: Through a combination of cultural diffusion and migration of peoples, the Neolithic traditions spread west and northwards to reach northwestern Europe by around 4500 BC.


Premise: What position was the teacher later given by the Holy Roman Church ?

Hypothesis: [A critical examination of the doctrine of St. Thomas Aquinas, the Angelic Doctor, regarding original sin with respect to the Most Blessed Virgin Mary], in which Aquinas is interpreted not as treating the question of the Immaculate Conception later formulated in the papal bull Ineffabilis Deus but rather the sanctification of the fetus within Mary's womb.


Premise: Who had bought the now bankrupt farms?

Hypothesis: The landed aristocracy began buying bankrupted farms at discounted prices.


Premise: What was considered a compelling way to defame poltical rivals?

Hypothesis: An accurate accusation of being an alcoholic was an effective way to discredit political rivals.


Premise: What is the major annual festival in Montevideo?

Hypothesis: As the capital of Uruguay, Montevideo is home to a number of festivals and carnivals including a Gaucho festival when people ride through the streets on horseback in traditional gaucho gear.


Premise: What were the charges filed against Kanye West?

Hypothesis: On September 11, 2008, West and his road manager/bodyguard Don "Don C." Crowley were arrested at Los Angeles International Airport and booked on charges of felony vandalism after an altercation with the paparazzi in which West and Crowley broke the photographers' cameras.


Premise: On what date did William IV die?

Hypothesis: On 20 June 1837, William IV died at the age of 71, and Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom.


Premise: When did the Chinese government ban the purchase of Windows 8 products?

Hypothesis: The Xinhua News Agency claimed that Windows 8 was being banned in protest of Microsoft's support lifecycle policy and the end of support for Windows XP (which, as of January 2014, had a market share of 49% in China), as the government "obviously cannot ignore the risks of running OS [sic] without guaranteed technical support."


Premise: What was MAD?

Hypothesis: He also "moved heaven and earth" to bring MAD about.


Premise: What does URL stand for?

Hypothesis: This process begins when the user inputs a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), for example http://en.wikipedia.org/, into the browser.


Premise: How many copies of the game had been sold as of March 2011?

Hypothesis: The game had sold 5.82 million copies on the Wii as of March 31, 2011[update], and 1.32 million on the GameCube as of March 31, 2007[update].


Premise: In 2005, which was the only non-"Big Four" team to break the top four?

Hypothesis: That season also saw two of the Big Four (Chelsea and Liverpool) finish outside the top four places for the first time since 1994–95.


Premise: When did Tucson's main power plant begin operation?

Hypothesis: The air pollution generated has raised some concerns as the Sundt operating station has been online since 1962 as is exempt from many pollution standards and controls due to its age.


Premise: The members of what class were priests in ancient Rome?

Hypothesis: The priesthoods of public religion were held by members of the elite classes.


Premise: For modern solid wood doors, what wood is often used in addition to small-knotted pine or poplar?

Hypothesis: Today a wider variety of woods is used: solid wood doors are often made from poplar, small-knotted pine, and Douglas fir.


Premise: During what time were good moved through more modern   means?

Hypothesis: By the beginning of the 20th century, the trans-Saharan trade had clearly declined because goods were moved through more modern and efficient means, such as airplanes, rather than across the desert.


Premise: What philosophy influential in the medieval church was opposed to Christian idealism?

Hypothesis: Christian theologians have held idealist views, often based on Neoplatonism, despite the influence of Aristotelian scholasticism from the 12th century onward.


Premise: What amendment to the Constitution did Penry v. Lynaugh address?

Hypothesis: The United States Supreme Court in Penry v. Lynaugh and the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in Bigby v. Dretke have been clear in their decisions that jury instructions in death penalty cases that do not ask about mitigating factors regarding the defendant's mental health violate the defendant's Eighth Amendment rights, saying that the jury is to be instructed to consider mitigating factors when answering unrelated questions.


Premise: Who wrote Max Clifford: Read All About It?

Hypothesis: The story reportedly delighted MacKenzie, who was keen to run it, and Max Clifford, who had been Starr's public relations agent.


Premise: What do the Somalis call incense burners?

Hypothesis: Peanuts are also sometimes added to enhance texture and flavor.


Premise: From what Virginia  mines was asphalt obtained for early street pavings?

Hypothesis: Roads in the US have been paved with materials that include asphalt/bitumen since at least 1870, when a street in front of the Newark, NJ City Hall was paved.


Premise: Who had his own coins produced out of brass?

Hypothesis: Julius Caesar had his own coins made from brass, while Octavianus Augustus Caesar's coins were made from Cu-Pb-Sn alloys.


Premise: What type of diet can modern domesticated dogs thrive eating that other dogs cannot?

Hypothesis: Being the oldest domesticated animal, their long association with people has allowed dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior, as well as thrive on a starch-rich diet which would be inadequate for other canid species.


Premise: What happened to Frederick's army at the Battle at Kunersdorf?

Hypothesis: Frederick himself lost half his army in the Battle of Kunersdorf (now Kunowice Poland), the worst defeat in his military career and one that drove him to the brink of abdication and thoughts of suicide.


Premise: What does 'si-min' mean?

Hypothesis: "In 1727 the to-min or 'idle people' of Cheh Kiang province (a Ningpo name still existing), the yoh-hu or 'music people' of Shanxi province, the si-min or 'small people' of Kiang Su (Jiangsu) province, and the Tanka people or 'egg-people' of Canton (to this day the boat population there), were all freed from their social disabilities, and allowed to count as free men."


Premise: What was the name of the state founded in Libya on March 2, 1977?

Hypothesis: On 2 March 1977 the General People's Congress adopted the "Declaration of the Establishment of the People's Authority" at Gaddafi's behest.


Premise: Southern Alaska has what two Koppen climate classifications?

Hypothesis: On an annual basis, Southeast is both the wettest and warmest part of Alaska with milder temperatures in the winter and high precipitation throughout the year.


Premise: Which automobile magazines are based from Ann Arbor?

Hypothesis: Current publications in the city include the Ann Arbor Journal (A2 Journal), a weekly community newspaper; the Ann Arbor Observer, a free monthly local magazine; the Ann Arbor Independent, a locally owned, independent weekly; and Current, a free entertainment-focused alt-weekly.


Premise: What type of position did Greeks come to hold in the Ottoman Empire ?

Hypothesis: Added to this, in the first half of the Ottoman period men of Greek origin made up a significant proportion of the Ottoman army, navy, and state bureaucracy, having been levied as adolescents (along with especially Albanians and Serbs) into Ottoman service through the devshirme.


Premise: The brain reaches 90% of its adult size by the time a person reaches what year of age?

Hypothesis: The brain reaches 90% of its adult size by the time a person is six years of age.


Premise: Where are the majority of Bermuda's hotels?

Hypothesis: In addition to its beaches, there are a number of sightseeing attractions.


Premise: Where can an understanding of circadian rhythms of plants be an advantage?

Hypothesis: A better understanding of plant circadian rhythms has applications in agriculture, such as helping farmers stagger crop harvests to extend crop availability and securing against massive losses due to weather.


Premise: What media reported the threat of arrest?

Hypothesis: However questions still remain, as some of the corrupt government officials have still not been brought to justice, while the many families who lost their only child, are still seeking compensation and justice to what had happened.


Premise: What body passed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR?

Hypothesis: Later treaty was included in the 1924 Soviet Constitution,[clarification needed] adopted on January 31, 1924 by the Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR.


Premise: How many possible outcomes are there of a capital sentencing direct review?

Hypothesis: If the appellate court finds that significant legal errors did occur, then it will reverse the judgment, or nullify the sentence and order a new capital sentencing hearing.


Premise: What were Octavian' s agent d'affaires called?

Hypothesis: Sometime after the publication of the Eclogues (probably before 37 BC), Virgil became part of the circle of Maecenas, Octavian's capable agent d'affaires who sought to counter sympathy for Antony among the leading families by rallying Roman literary figures to Octavian's side.


Premise: The spaceship that carried Alan Shepard was named what?

Hypothesis: Three weeks later, on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space, launched in a ballistic trajectory on Mercury-Redstone 3, in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7.


Premise: How much precipitation does the  Grinnell Glacier recieve?

Hypothesis: Heavy snowstorms may occur any time from September through May, though most snow falls from November to March.


Premise: What did hatamoto mean?

Hypothesis: He finally wrote "God hath provided for me after my great misery", (Letters) by which he meant the disaster-ridden voyage that initially brought him to Japan.


Premise: About how many Samba schools are in Rio?

Hypothesis: About 30 schools in Rio gather hundreds of thousands of participants.


Premise: What US president was in office when Paul VI visited America for the first time?

Hypothesis: During the pope's visit, as the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War escalated under President Johnson, Paul VI pleaded for peace before the UN:


Premise: In what role are the floor leader's instrumental for legislation?

Hypothesis: He is instrumental in devising and implementing his party's strategy on the floor with respect to promoting or opposing legislation.


Premise: What are vocalizations of the name of God, YHWH?

Hypothesis: In Judaism, it is common to refer to God by the titular names Elohim or Adonai, the latter of which is believed by some scholars to descend from the Egyptian Aten.


Premise: What dispatched of The Dutch East India Company and the British East India Company?

Hypothesis: Only Thailand was spared the experience of foreign rule, although, Thailand itself was also greatly affected by the power politics of the Western powers.


Premise: The recognition of a Greek state happened in what year?

Hypothesis: After years of negotiation, three Great Powers, Russia, the United Kingdom and France, decided to intervene in the conflict and each nation sent a navy to Greece.


Premise: Who's authority did Truman want to increase throughout the states?

Hypothesis: He proposed what black citizens had been calling for - an enhanced role of federal authority through the states.


Premise: What prevents air or gas leaks from a light bulb?

Hypothesis: Incandescent light bulbs usually contain a stem or glass mount anchored to the bulb's base that allows the electrical contacts to run through the envelope without air or gas leaks.


Premise: What type of processing is used in enterprise database software?

Hypothesis: All are enterprise software database platforms and support industry standard ACID-compliant transaction processing with strong database consistency characteristics and high level of database security.


Premise: From whom did Catherine the Great receive assistance in her Enlightenment ideals via correspondence?

Hypothesis: She used her own interpretation of Enlightenment ideals, assisted by notable international experts such as Voltaire (by correspondence) and, in residence, world class scientists such as Leonhard Euler and Peter Simon Pallas.


Premise: Who succeeded King Farouk?

Hypothesis: The Free Officers Movement forced King Farouk to abdicate in support of his son Fuad.


Premise: What type of building was considered to be very important and a sign of affluence and achievement?

Hypothesis: Civic building was of great importance to these towns as a sign of wealth and pride.


Premise: Who was the first president of Palermo?

Hypothesis: The first president was Ruggero Settimo.


Premise: How many movements are in No. 2, Op. 35 and No. 3, Op 58?

Hypothesis: 58, written in 1844) are in four movements.


Premise: When did the torch arrive in Dar es Salaam?

Hypothesis: About a thousand people followed the relay, waving the Olympic flag.


Premise: What were the top licensees of the Western Electric system in the 1930s?

Hypothesis: Radio transcription producers such as World Broadcasting System and Associated Music Publishers (AMP) were the dominant licensees of the Western Electric wide range system and towards the end of the 1930s were responsible for two-thirds of the total radio transcription business.


Premise: In which battle did Pelayos defeat the Moors?

Hypothesis: He then aimed to regroup the Iberian Peninsula's Christian armies and use the Cantabrian mountains as a springboard from which to regain their lands from the Moors.


Premise: At what event did the major Allied powers assert their conditions at the end of the war?

Hypothesis: During the Paris Peace Conference the Big Four imposed their terms in a series of treaties, especially the Treaty of Versailles.


Premise: When did Ahmad fight at Balakot?

Hypothesis: In December 1826 Sayyid Ahmad and his followers clashed with Sikh troops at Akora Khattak, but with no decisive result.


Premise: On which date did the battle begin with the Army of Chalons attacking various Prussian divisions?

Hypothesis: On 1 September 1870, the battle opened with the Army of Châlons, with 202 infantry battalions, 80 cavalry squadrons and 564 guns, attacking the surrounding Prussian Third and Meuse Armies totaling 222 infantry battalions, 186 cavalry squadrons and 774 guns.


Premise: In what type of neighborhoods did the occur especially?

Hypothesis: The red flag replaced the French tricolour and a civil war began between the Commune and the regular army, which attacked and recaptured Paris from 21–28


Premise: If Neptune formed closer to the sun, what caused it to migrate to it's current orbit?

Hypothesis: An alternative concept is that they formed closer to the Sun, where the matter density was higher, and then subsequently migrated to their current orbits after the removal of the gaseous protoplanetary disc.


Premise: What magnifies the small radiation resistance of a loop?

Hypothesis: Another extreme case of impedance matching occurs when using a small loop antenna (usually, but not always, for receiving) at a relatively low frequency where it appears almost as a pure inductor.


Premise: The situated perspective was influenced by what school of thought?

Hypothesis: The situated perspective on emotion states that conceptual thought is not an inherent part of emotion, since emotion is an action-oriented form of skillful engagement with the world.


Premise: Where do most landscape problems come from?

Hypothesis: Problems here are caused especially by increasingly prolonged dry periods during the summer months.


Premise: How large were the donations from the program?

Hypothesis: On the evening of May 18, CCTV-1 hosted a special four-hour program called The Giving of Love (simplified Chinese: 爱的奉献; traditional Chinese: 愛的奉獻), hosted by regulars from the CCTV New Year's Gala and round-the-clock coverage anchor Bai Yansong.


Premise: When was Hornby's book published?

Hypothesis: Published in 1992, it formed part of the revival and rehabilitation of football in British society during the 1990s.


Premise: When was the Yerevan demonstration?

Hypothesis: Police tried to prevent the protest but took no action to stop it once the march was underway.


Premise: In what state was Gary Gilmore executed?

Hypothesis: The moratorium ended on January 17, 1977 with the shooting of Gary Gilmore by firing squad in Utah.


Premise: What mentions taking refuge on behalf of young or unborn children?

Hypothesis: These Three Jewels bring a fruition that is changeless, for once one has reached Buddhahood, there is no possibility of falling back to suffering.


Premise: What is another unofficial well-known mascot?

Hypothesis: Another unofficial but much more well-known mascot is Ronnie "Woo Woo" Wickers who is a longtime fan and local celebrity in the Chicago area.


Premise: What does the Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 require artists to prove they're enrolled in?

Hypothesis: Because too many artists were posing as Native Americans and Alaska Natives in order to profit from the caché of Indigenous art in the United States, the U.S. passed the Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990, requiring artists to prove that they are enrolled in a state or federally recognized tribe.


Premise: Wha still calls Christians Notzrim?

Hypothesis: The Hebrew equivalent of "Nazarenes", Notzrim, occurs in the Babylonian Talmud, and is still the modern Israeli Hebrew term for Christian.


Premise: What were the things that post-punk really got into?

Hypothesis: Though the music varied widely between regions and artists, the post-punk movement has been characterized by its "conceptual assault" on rock conventions and rejection of aesthetics perceived of as traditionalist, hegemonic or rockist in favor of experimentation with production techniques and non-rock musical styles such as dub, electronic music, disco, noise, jazz, krautrock, world music and the avant-garde.


Premise: Who is an American Tibetologist?

Hypothesis: Other pre-modern Chinese names for Tibet include Wusiguo (Chinese: 烏斯國; pinyin: Wūsīguó; cf.


Premise: Which Middle East location was the only area the torch visited?

Hypothesis: One of the torchbearers was Syrian actress Sulaf Fawakherji.


Premise: The mahayana occasionally referred to early Buddhism as what?

Hypothesis: Scholar Isabelle Onians asserts that although "the Mahāyāna ... very occasionally referred contemptuously to earlier Buddhism as the Hinayāna, the Inferior Way," "the preponderance of this name in the secondary literature is far out of proportion to occurrences in the Indian texts.


Premise: By July of 1940 how many guns were deployed in Britain?

Hypothesis: Although the use of the guns improved civilian morale, with the knowledge the German bomber crews were facing the barrage, it is now believed that the anti-aircraft guns achieved little and in fact the falling shell fragments caused more British casualties on the ground.


Premise: In 2013, on what day were Arena Football League games usually broadcast on CBS Sports Network?

Hypothesis: Regular season CBSSN broadcast games are usually on Saturday nights.


Premise: Tourism supports how many people in the County

Hypothesis: Tourism is a major industry, estimated in 2001 to support around 23,000 people.


Premise: How many tornadoes hit Oklahoma each year?

Hypothesis: The interactions between these three contrasting air currents produces severe weather (severe thunderstorms, damaging thunderstorm winds, large hail and tornadoes) with a frequency virtually unseen anywhere else on planet Earth.


Premise: What nature preserve is in Casas Adobes?

Hypothesis: Casas Adobes is also home to Tohono Chul Park


Premise: Who was Victorias youngest daughter?

Hypothesis: According to one of her biographers, Giles St Aubyn, Victoria wrote an average of 2,500 words a day during her adult life.


Premise: When did the Song dynasty reestablish unity around?

Hypothesis: After the north was lost to the Jurchen Jin dynasty in 1127 following the Jingkang Incident, Hangzhou became the capital of the Southern Song under the name Lin'an.


Premise: Which two countries were the primary fighters for territory in the Korean War?

Hypothesis: The Korean War was a conflict between the United States and its United Nations allies and the communist powers under influence of the Soviet Union (also a UN member nation) and the People's Republic of China (which later also gained UN membership).


Premise: Who ranked New York as the fashion capital of the world?

Hypothesis: New York City has been considered the dance capital of the world.


Premise: Who would prefix Sir, and Dames Grand Cross?

Hypothesis: Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander prefix Sir, and Dames Grand Cross and Dames Commander prefix Dame, to their forenames.[b]


Premise: What is the Premier League Championship trophy based on?

Hypothesis: Two of the lions are found above the handles on either side of the trophy – the third is symbolised by the captain of the title winning team as he raises the trophy, and its gold crown, above his head at the end of the season.


Premise: What is the Pro Electron standard?

Hypothesis: The Pro Electron standard, the European Electronic Component Manufacturers Association part numbering scheme, begins with two letters: the first gives the semiconductor type (A for germanium, B for silicon, and C for materials like GaAs); the second letter denotes the intended use (A for diode, C for general-purpose transistor, etc.).


Premise: Where did the White Huns roam?

Hypothesis: The Hephthalites (or Ephthalites), also known as the White Huns, were a nomadic confederation in Central Asia during the late antiquity period.