Premise: Where is the Triumph Healthcare hospital headquartered?

Hypothesis: With hospital locations nationwide and headquarters in Houston, the Triumph Healthcare hospital system is the third largest long term acute care provider nationally.


Premise: What neighborhood has historic homes?

Hypothesis: To the west, E. University Boulevard leads to the Fourth Avenue Shopping District.


Premise: Between 2000 and 2005 what percentage did Swazi sugar exports increase by?

Hypothesis: The Swazi economy is very closely linked to the economy of South Africa, from which it receives over 90% of its imports and to which it sends about 70% of its exports.


Premise: In what year did Arsenal produce a remodeled crest that could be copyrighted?

Hypothesis: Therefore, in 2002 they introduced a new crest featuring more modern curved lines and a simplified style, which was copyrightable.


Premise: Where was the commander-in-chief stationed?

Hypothesis: The responsibility for military command remained with the British Crown-in-Council, with a commander-in-chief for North America stationed at Halifax until the final withdrawal of British Army and Royal Navy units from that city in 1906.


Premise: In Italy, the eastern projection beyond the transept often contains what?

Hypothesis: In France the eastern end is often polygonal and surrounded by a walkway called an ambulatory and sometimes a ring of chapels called a "chevet".


Premise: What type of music was Date Records known for?

Hypothesis: In 1956, Conkling left Columbia, he would help establish the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences before eventually becoming the first president of the newly launched Warner Bros. Records, and Goddard Lieberson began the first of two stints as head of the record company.


Premise: The Vrina Plain basilica is in which city?

Hypothesis: This anonymous dedicatory inscription is a public demonstration of the benefactors’ humility and an acknowledgement of God’s omniscience.


Premise: What month was a delay caused by Japanese rearguards north of Rangoon?

Hypothesis: During April, Fourteenth Army advanced 300 miles (480 km) south towards Rangoon, the capital and principal port of Burma, but was delayed by Japanese rearguards 40 miles (64 km) north of Rangoon at the end of the month.


Premise: What album did the Spanish songs come from?

Hypothesis: While she almost exclusively releases English songs, Beyoncé recorded several Spanish songs for Irreemplazable (re-recordings of songs from B'Day for a Spanish-language audience), and the re-release of B'Day.


Premise: How many vehicles use the roads?

Hypothesis: The region is serviced by 4,200 km (2,600 mi) of roads used by 6 million vehicles.


Premise: On what date was KU's Lawrence campus made official?

Hypothesis: On February 20, 1863, Kansas Governor Thomas Carney signed into law a bill creating the state university in Lawrence.


Premise: Who has the power "to coin money"?

Hypothesis: The Constitution of the United States of America provides that the United States Congress has the power "To coin money".


Premise: In what economic field of study does Hayek's views differ from those in macroeconomics?

Hypothesis: Hayek's work on the microeconomics of the choice theoretics of investment, non-permanent goods, potential permanent resources, and economically-adapted permanent resources mark a central dividing point between his work in areas of macroeconomics and that of almost all other economists.


Premise: What republican majority leader died in a plane crash?

Hypothesis: Since 1995, the only Majority Leader to become Speaker is John Boehner, though indirectly as his party lost control in the 2006 midterms elections.


Premise: How much did the SNES cost in the US?

Hypothesis: Most of the PAL region versions of the console use the Japanese Super Famicom design, except for labeling and the length of the joypad leads.


Premise: Who was the labor leader of the Teamsters?

Hypothesis: With the rapid growth of industrial workers in the auto factories, labor unions such as the American Federation of Labor and the United Auto Workers fought to organize workers to gain them better working conditions and wages.


Premise: In defense of Tarentum, when did Agathocles attack Italy?

Hypothesis: Agathocles then invaded Italy (c. 300 BCE) in defense of Tarentum against the Bruttians and Romans, but was unsuccessful.


Premise: What is C4c deeply rooted in the Asian portion of?

Hypothesis: 2012 state that "The similarities in ages and geographical distributions for C4c and the previously analyzed X2a lineage provide support to the scenario of a dual origin for Paleo-Indians.


Premise: Why were ports better targets?

Hypothesis: X- and Y-Gerät beams were placed over false targets and switched only at the last minute.


Premise: Which bishop didn't realize the satirical nature of Burke's book?

Hypothesis: Lord Chesterfield and Bishop Warburton (and others) initially thought that the work was genuinely by Bolingbroke rather than a satire.


Premise: Who is essentially considered the commander in chief of the Prussian army?

Hypothesis: This was in large part due to the fact that the Prussian General Staff was created to study previous Prussian operations and learn to avoid mistakes.


Premise: How much did CBC say they would save by ceasing analogue operation?

Hypothesis: No plans have been announced to use subchannels to maintain over-the-air signals for both CBC and Radio-Canada in markets where the corporation has one digital transmitter.


Premise: What football game tradition has since been discontinued?

Hypothesis: In the past, before the tradition was discontinued, students would throw marshmallows during games.


Premise: What are some catalysts used in hydrogen cooling

Hypothesis: The ortho/para ratio in condensed H2 is an important consideration in the preparation and storage of liquid hydrogen: the conversion from ortho to para is exothermic and produces enough heat to evaporate some of the hydrogen liquid, leading to loss of liquefied material.


Premise: What Democracy Score does Armenia have?

Hypothesis: Freedom House categorized Armenia in its 2008 report as a "Semi-consolidated Authoritarian Regime" (along with Moldova, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia) and ranked Armenia 20th among 29 nations in transition, with a Democracy Score of 5.21 out of 7 (7 represents the lowest democratic progress).


Premise: Who became the first indigenous Austrailian in Parliament?

Hypothesis: During McMahon's period in office, Neville Bonner joined the Senate and became the first Indigenous Australian in the Australian Parliament.


Premise: What term is used most often when discussing the great civilizations of the Americas?

Hypothesis: "Pre-Columbian" is used especially often in the context of discussing the great indigenous civilizations of the Americas, such as those of Mesoamerica (the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacano, the Zapotec, the Mixtec, the Aztec, and the Maya civilizations) and those of the Andes (Inca Empire, Moche culture, Muisca Confederation, Cañaris).


Premise: What were the meetings called that were hosted by Constantine that helped enforce orthodoxy by Imperial authority?

Hypothesis: To put an end to the doctrinal debate initiated by Arius, Constantine called the first of what would afterwards be called the ecumenical councils and then enforced orthodoxy by Imperial authority.


Premise: Which Tennessee agency enforces state wildlife regulations outside of parks?

Hypothesis: The TWRA is an independent agency tasked with enforcing all wildlife, boating, and fisheries regulations outside of state parks.


Premise: What was the first Latin phrase used by the Royal Institute?

Hypothesis: The description in the 1837 by-laws was: "gules, two lions rampant guardant or, supporting a column marked with lines chevron, proper, all standing on a base of the same; a garter surrounding the whole with the inscription Institute of British Architects, anno salutis MDCCCXXXIV; above a mural crown proper, and beneath the motto Usui civium decori urbium ".


Premise: What natural resource were Germany and Austria-Hungary trying to conserve by using DST?

Hypothesis: Starting on 30 April 1916, Germany and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST (German: Sommerzeit) as a way to conserve coal during wartime.


Premise: What type of painting are Bermuda artists known for?

Hypothesis: Alfred Birdsey was one of the more famous and talented watercolourists; his impressionistic landscapes of Hamilton, St George's and the surrounding sailboats, homes, and bays of Bermuda are world-renowned.


Premise: In what city was the Mosque-Madrasah of Sultan Hasan?

Hypothesis: Madaris built in this period include the Mosque-Madrasah of Sultan Ḥasan in Cairo.


Premise: What is one of the main things John Rolfe is known for?

Hypothesis: Later in Jamestown he married Pocahontas, a daughter of the powerful Powhatan, leader of a large confederation of about 30 Algonquian-speaking tribes in coastal Virginia.


Premise: What team did the owner of the Detroit Drive buy that led him to sell the Drive?

Hypothesis: The AFL's first dynasty came to an end when their owner, Mike Ilitch (who also owned Little Caesars Pizza and the Detroit Red Wings) bought the Detroit Tigers baseball team and sold the AFL team.


Premise: What does the scope of testing the software also look at?

Hypothesis: The scope of software testing often includes examination of code as well as execution of that code in various environments and conditions as well as examining the aspects of code: does it do what it is supposed to do and do what it needs to do.


Premise: What do Tucson's hard freeze temperatures dip to?

Hypothesis: Tucson typically averages one hard freeze per winter season, with temperatures dipping to the mid or low-20s (−7 to −4 °C), but this is typically limited to only a very few nights.


Premise: From what monarch did Gaddafi's movement take over Libya?

Hypothesis: Founding a revolutionary cell within the military, in 1969 they seized power from the absolute monarchy of King Idris in a bloodless coup.


Premise: Were the results of the 2010 elections accepted by the United Nations?

Hypothesis: Observer accounts of the 2010 election describe the event as mostly peaceful; however, allegations of polling station irregularities were raised, and the United Nations (UN) and a number of Western countries condemned the elections as fraudulent.


Premise: What can be added to allow for an antenna shorter than the needed height to produce desired results?

Hypothesis: Then it may be said that the coil has lengthened the antenna to achieve an electrical length of 2.5 meters.


Premise: Who ordered the construction of a paved road?

Hypothesis: The later indeed became very popular after the construction of a paved road ordered by Napoléon Bonaparte.


Premise: Who was the organist for Chopin's funeral?

Hypothesis: The organist at the funeral was Louis Lefébure-Wély.


Premise: What is the result of tectonic movements within the Dead Sea Transform?

Hypothesis: The entire Jordan Valley segment is thought to have ruptured repeatedly, for instance during the last two major earthquakes along this structure in 749 and 1033.


Premise: Steamships and railroads rose with what else?

Hypothesis: The rise of port cities saw the clustering of populations caused by the development of steamships and railroads.


Premise: What word literally mens "ancestor?"

Hypothesis: To the Romans, he was known in this capacity as Averruncus (/ˌævəˈrʌŋkəs/ AV-ər-RUNG-kəs; from Latin āverruncare, "to avert").


Premise: In what year was the first permanent photograph produced?

Hypothesis: The work of Étienne-Jules Marey in the 1880s contributed considerably to the development of modern photography.


Premise: What philosophers were given asylum?

Hypothesis: Calvin also thought that earthly rulers lose their divine right and must be put down when they rise up against God.


Premise: What two systems were compare in the Soviet Union in 1970?

Hypothesis: In the Soviet Union, in the 1970s, a comparison was made between systems electrified at 3 kV DC and 25 kV AC (50 Hz).


Premise: How many BS level degrees are offered in the College of Engineering at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: The College of Engineering was established in 1920, however, early courses in civil and mechanical engineering were a part of the College of Science since the 1870s.


Premise: What's the name of the 578th sheriff of Southampton?

Hypothesis: The city has a Mayor and is one of the 16 cities and towns in England and Wales to have a ceremonial sheriff who acts as a deputy for the Mayor.


Premise: How many finalists were on this season?

Hypothesis: A new feature introduced was the "Judges' Save", and Matt Giraud was saved from elimination at the top seven by the judges when he received the fewest votes.


Premise: In which year did a constitutional convention meet to form a new state out of the unincorporated territory that would become Tennessee?

Hypothesis: In 1788, North Carolina created "Tennessee County", the third county to be established in what is now Middle Tennessee.


Premise: What smaller university is in Utrecht

Hypothesis: Utrecht also houses the much smaller University of Humanistic Studies, which houses about 400 students.


Premise: What is another unofficial well-known mascot?

Hypothesis: He is not employed by the team, although the club has on two separate occasions allowed him into the broadcast booth and allow him some degree of freedom once he purchases or is given a ticket by fans to get into the games.


Premise: What were the Uyghurs claiming to be?

Hypothesis: They were cleared as safe for release from Guantánamo in 2005 or 2006, but US domestic law prohibited deporting them back to China, their country of citizenship, because the US government determined that China was likely to violate their human rights.


Premise: What kind of trees have about 30% hemicellulose?

Hypothesis: Lignin is the third component at around 27% in coniferous wood vs. 23% in deciduous trees.


Premise: What are some other biographies that differ from the Jataka tales?

Hypothesis: Scholars are hesitant to make unqualified claims about the historical facts of the Buddha's life.


Premise: In what year was the Order of St. George founded?

Hypothesis: This new-found ethos can be seen as a response to the diminishing military role of the aristocracy, and gradually it became almost entirely detached from its military origin.


Premise: What color is typical for Gram-negative bacteria after staining?

Hypothesis: Some organisms are best identified by stains other than the Gram stain, particularly mycobacteria or Nocardia, which show acid-fastness on Ziehl–Neelsen or similar stains.


Premise: Who imposed the rigorous policy of Germanisation?

Hypothesis: When, in July 1940, the first evacuees were allowed to return, only residents of Alsatian origin were admitted.


Premise: Based on year 2000 data, where is GE ranked among the largest corporate producers of air pollution in the US?

Hypothesis: GE has a history of some of its activities giving rise to large-scale air and water pollution.


Premise: What Era began following the defeat of the confederacy?

Hypothesis: With the defeat of the Confederacy in 1865, the Reconstruction Era began.


Premise: Who is the developer of Eddy Street Commons?

Hypothesis: The developer, Kite Realty out of Indianapolis, has made agreements with major national chains rather than local businesses, a move that has led to criticism from alumni and students.


Premise: How did return current effect water and gas in iron pipes?

Hypothesis: Power-only rails can be mounted on strongly insulating ceramic chairs to minimise current leak, but this is not possible for running rails which have to be seated on stronger metal chairs to carry the weight of trains.


Premise: What had caused citizens to vacate their farms?

Hypothesis: The long military campaigns had forced citizens to leave their farms to fight, while their farms fell into disrepair.


Premise: Who produces all source intelligence investigations?

Hypothesis: It has four regional analytic groups, six groups for transnational issues, and three focus on policy, collection, and staff support.


Premise: Which Tennessee city has the largest African-American population?

Hypothesis: The latter area includes a large African-American population.


Premise: How many propositions make up the separationist position on the Establishment Clause?

Hypothesis: Jeffries and Ryan argue that these two propositions—that public aid should not go to religious schools and that public schools should not be religious—make up the separationist position of the modern Establishment Clause.


Premise: Edvard Grieg and Antonin Dvorak used what kind of music in their compositions?

Hypothesis: European cultural ideas and institutions began to follow colonial expansion into other parts of the world.


Premise: What is the May Forth Movement?

Hypothesis: There were attempts to incorporate democracy, republicanism, and industrialism into Chinese philosophy, notably by Sun Yat-Sen (Sūn yì xiān, in one Mandarin form of the name) at the beginning of the 20th century.


Premise: In what year were additional licensing laws introduced for beer houses?

Hypothesis: Finally in 1869 the growth had to be checked by magisterial control and new licensing laws were introduced.


Premise: When was the Patriot Act passed?

Hypothesis: The Patriot Act is still in effect.


Premise: Why is it hard to find the origin of the word Tajik?

Hypothesis: According to the Library of Congress's 1997 Country Study of Tajikistan, it is difficult to definitively state the origins of the word "Tajik" because the term is "embroiled in twentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia."


Premise: When was Tiberius Gracchus murdered?

Hypothesis: Tiberius submitted this law to the Plebeian Council, but the law was vetoed by a tribune named Marcus Octavius.


Premise: Who gave the initial donation of the private library?

Hypothesis: The first public library in Montevideo was formed by the initial donation of the private library of Father José Manuel Pérez Castellano, who died in 1815.


Premise: Approximately how many square feet of interior storage is available at the Port of New Haven?

Hypothesis: Approximately 400,000 square feet (40,000 m2) of inside storage and 50 acres (200,000 m2) of outside storage are available at the site.


Premise: What percentage of Norfolk Island residents voted in favor of self-governance?

Hypothesis: 68% out of 912 voters voted in favour.


Premise: Maudlin argues that the passage of time is what kind of asymmetry?

Hypothesis: Thus it is arguably difficult to assess whether Maudlin is suggesting that the direction of time is a consequence of the laws or is itself primitive.


Premise: What type of aircraft have no need to decelerate?

Hypothesis: Helicopters and aircraft capable of vertical or short take-off and landing (V/STOL) usually recover by coming abreast the carrier on the port side and then using their hover capability to move over the flight deck and land vertically without the need for arresting gear.


Premise: In what century was the Newer Orthography created?

Hypothesis: The Older Orthography it replaced was created in the 17th century by Bengt Gottfried Forselius and Johann Hornung based on standard German orthography.


Premise: What was Mary prevented from having to endure ?

Hypothesis: Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth.


Premise: On which label did Frank Sinatra release his recording of Soliloquy?

Hypothesis: The same was true of John Raitt's performance of the song on the original cast album of Carousel, which had been issued on a 78-rpm album set by American Decca in 1945.


Premise: When was the Valencian regional exhibition held?

Hypothesis: This production was promoted by the Ateneo Mercantil de Valencia (Mercantile Athenaeum of Valencia), especially by its chairman, Tomás Trénor y Palavicino, and had the support of the Government and the Crown; it was officially inaugurated by King Alfonso XIII himself.


Premise: Why didn't they move to Dublin?

Hypothesis: Additionally, the media occasionally discusses the idea that Scotland's two biggest teams, Celtic and Rangers, should or will take part in the Premier League, but nothing has come of these discussions.


Premise: What can be endotoxins called?

Hypothesis: If the bacterial cell wall is entirely removed, it is called a protoplast, whereas if it is partially removed, it is called a spheroplast.


Premise: When was the British empiricism period?

Hypothesis: British empiricism, though it was not a term used at the time, derives from the 17th century period of early modern philosophy and modern science.


Premise: The Limes Germanicus was breached in what year?

Hypothesis: The Limes Germanicus was breached in AD 260.


Premise: In what year did Pius XII deliver a radio address announcing Montini's papal appointment?

Hypothesis: Montini, after a period of preparation, liked his new tasks as archbishop, connecting to all groups of faithful in Milan.


Premise: Where does the word "algebra" come from?

Hypothesis: In mathematics, the Persian mathematician Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi gave his name to the concept of the algorithm, while the term algebra is derived from al-jabr, the beginning of the title of one of his publications.


Premise: What did the plaintiffs claim the university had for an admissions policy?

Hypothesis: Fisher has brought the admissions policy to court because she believes that she was denied acceptance to the University of Texas based on her race, and thus, her right to equal protection according to the 14th Amendment was violated.


Premise: What is professional wrestling?

Hypothesis: Taking the form of live events held by touring promotions, it portrays a unique style of combat based on a combination of adopted styles, which include classical wrestling, catch wrestling and various forms of martial arts, as well as an innovative style based on grappling (holds/throws), striking, and aerialism.


Premise: Who sent pirates to capture merchant ships?

Hypothesis: The Berbers along the Barbary Coast (modern day Libya) sent pirates to capture merchant ships and hold the crews for ransom.


Premise: What is the term for the four subjects that comprised the liberal arts in medieval universities?

Hypothesis: Music was an important part of both secular and spiritual culture, and in the universities it made up part of the quadrivium of the liberal arts.


Premise: What did Athanasius do to avoid speaking to Alexander on his deathbed?

Hypothesis: Frances A. M. Forbes writes that when the Patriarch Alexander was on his death-bed he called Athanasius, who fled fearing he would be constrained to be made Bishop.


Premise: Of what nationality is the person who called Somalia a "Nation of Bards"?

Hypothesis: Due to the Somali people's passionate love for and facility with poetry, Somalia has often been referred to by scholars as a "Nation of Poets" and a "Nation of Bards" including, among others, the Canadian novelist Margaret Laurence.


Premise: When did Schwarzenegger withdraw from involvement with Planet Hollywood?

Hypothesis: Schwarzenegger was a founding celebrity investor in the Planet Hollywood chain of international theme restaurants (modeled after the Hard Rock Cafe) along with Bruce Willis, Sylvester Stallone and Demi Moore.


Premise: A North German Federation under Prussian hegemony replaced what confederation?

Hypothesis: After the Congress of Vienna (1815), 39 states formed the German Confederation.


Premise: What is the name of a former Asian Portuguese colony?

Hypothesis: These include traders and merchants of mixed Portuguese and Chinese ancestry from Macau, a former Asian Portuguese colony.


Premise: What kind of sound did Kanye abandon a rap and hiphop one for with his fourth album?

Hypothesis: West's fourth studio album, 808s & Heartbreak (2008), marked an even more radical departure from his previous releases, largely abandoning rap and hip hop stylings in favor of a stark electropop sound composed of virtual synthesis, the Roland TR-808 drum machine, and explicitly auto-tuned vocal tracks.


Premise: How are most student organizations at Washington University funded?

Hypothesis: Washington University has over 300 undergraduate student organizations on campus.


Premise: How long was there native Sumerian rule during the Third Dynasty of Ur?

Hypothesis: Native Sumerian rule re-emerged for about a century in the Neo-Sumerian Empire or Third Dynasty of Ur


Premise: An edited text compiled through many sources is known as what?

Hypothesis: An edited text that draws from multiple sources is said to be eclectic.


Premise: What is the US city with the second largest population?

Hypothesis: New York City is the most-populous city in the United States, with an estimated record high of 8,491,079 residents as of 2014, incorporating more immigration into the city than outmigration since the 2010 United States Census.


Premise: What day do Hebrews celebrate Passover?

Hypothesis: For the Hebrews celebrate the passover on the 14th day according to the moon, and the passion of our Saviour falls on the day before the passover; but an eclipse of the sun takes place only when the moon comes under the sun."


Premise: What treaty was supposed to stop Germany from having antiaircraft weapons?

Hypothesis: Some World War I guns were retained and some covert AA training started in the late 1920s.


Premise: Who won this season of Idol?

Hypothesis: McCreery won the competition on May 25, being the youngest male winner and the fourth male in a row to win American Idol.


Premise: How long does the sponsor remain?

Hypothesis: Sponsorship deals run for four years, though – as in the case of E.ON – one-year extensions may be agreed.


Premise: About what did the Shell executive boast in relation to the leaked communication?

Hypothesis: In 2010, a leaked cable revealed that Shell claims to have inserted staff into all the main ministries of the Nigerian government and know "everything that was being done in those ministries", according to Shell's top executive in Nigeria.


Premise: What aircraft are considered the workhorses of the US Air Force?

Hypothesis: The workhorses of the USAF Air Mobility Command are the C-130 Hercules, C-17 Globemaster III, and C-5 Galaxy.


Premise: In 1763 what was the status of Frederick?

Hypothesis: His financial situation was not dire, but his kingdom was devastated and his army severely weakened.


Premise: In what year, was the first Nobel Prize in Physics won?

Hypothesis: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays, an accomplishment that made him the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.


Premise: In what harbor is the Port of New Haven located?

Hypothesis: New Haven Harbor is home to the Port of New Haven, a deep-water seaport with three berths capable of hosting vessels and barges as well as the facilities required to handle break bulk cargo.


Premise: Which Epistle details the raising of Jesus?

Hypothesis: According to the First Epistle to the Corinthians (1 Cor. 15:4), Jesus was raised from the dead ("on the third day" counting the day of crucifixion as the first) and according to the canonical Gospels, appeared to his disciples on different occasions before ascending to heaven.


Premise: Who won the 2004 Iowa Democratic Caucus?

Hypothesis: Kerry thus won the Democratic nomination to run for President of the United States against incumbent George W. Bush.


Premise: What were the artisan guilds called?

Hypothesis: The revolt was an anti-monarchist, anti-feudal autonomist movement inspired by the Italian republics, and a social revolt against the nobility who had fled the city before an epidemic of plague in 1519.


Premise: What language did most of Upper Canada speak?

Hypothesis: The 14,000 Loyalists who went to the Saint John and Saint Croix river valleys, then part of Nova Scotia, felt too far removed from the provincial government in Halifax, so London split off New Brunswick as a separate colony in 1784.


Premise: What was the ordinary building material of Sumerians?

Hypothesis: According to Archibald Sayce, the primitive pictograms of the early Sumerian (i.e. Uruk) era suggest that "Stone was scarce, but was already cut into blocks and seals.


Premise: What did Heath do after his party could not form a coalition with the Labor party?

Hypothesis: The election resulted in a hung parliament; Heath's Conservatives were not the largest party, but could stay in office if they formed a coalition with the Liberals.


Premise: A compromise law from the state politicans achieved what?

Hypothesis: In 1832, South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, a procedure by which a state could, in effect, repeal a federal law; it was directed against the most recent tariff acts.


Premise: How many phases made up the reconstruction plan for the Somali Post?

Hypothesis: As of March 2012, the Somali authorities have re-established Somalia's membership with the Universal Postal Union (UPU), and taken part once again in the Union's affairs.


Premise: What allows genes for antibiotic resistance to be passed between individual cells?

Hypothesis: Similarly, some eukaryotic organelles contain a remnant circular chromosome with a small number of genes.:14.4 Prokaryotes sometimes supplement their chromosome with additional small circles of DNA called plasmids, which usually encode only a few genes and are transferable between individuals.


Premise: When did the Satellaview end operation?

Hypothesis: Japan saw the release of the Satellaview, a modem which attached to the Super Famicom's expansion port and connected to the St.


Premise: What is a common use for paper?

Hypothesis: It is a versatile material with many uses, including writing, printing, packaging, cleaning, and a number of industrial and construction processes.


Premise: What have a and e done in eastern dialects?

Hypothesis: The main difference lies in the treatment of unstressed a and e; which have merged to /ə/ in Eastern dialects, but which remain distinct as /a/


Premise: How would one characterize the encounter with the Russian army in 1757?

Hypothesis: At the Battle of Kay, or Paltzig, the Russian Count Saltykov with 47,000 Russians defeated 26,000 Prussians commanded by General Carl Heinrich von Wedel.


Premise: What was the name of the painting used to represent raphael in St. Peter's?

Hypothesis: Works of the Fabbrica were often used as papal gifts.


Premise: What measure of distance described the nearness of the Angel's approach to Mohammad?

Hypothesis: The agent of revelation is mentioned as the "one mighty in power", the one who "grew clear to view when he was on the uppermost horizon.


Premise: Who created Brick?

Hypothesis: Later revisions of the iPod added three more games: Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz.


Premise: In what year was the Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes at Notre Dame constructed?

Hypothesis: The Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes, which was built in 1896, is a replica of the original in Lourdes, France.


Premise: What type of theories are favored by scientists studying sexual orientation?

Hypothesis: Scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation, but they believe that it is caused by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences.


Premise: What previously occupied the building used at the north campus of Washington University?

Hypothesis: Washington University's North Campus and West Campus principally house administrative functions that are not student focused.


Premise: Who caused the fall of the monarchy happened in Brazil?

Hypothesis: In Brazil, the fall of the monarchy in 1889 by a military coup d'état led to the rise of the presidential system, headed by Deodoro da Fonseca.


Premise: Why is pasture land limited?

Hypothesis: In mid-June cows are moved to the highest pastures close to the snowline, where they are watched by herdsmen who stay in the high altitudes often living in stone huts or wooden barns during the summers.


Premise: Which standard does not include a specification for an MP3 encoder?

Hypothesis: Comparisons are widely available, so it is easy for a prospective user of an encoder to research the best choice.


Premise: What did Chopin tend to avoid?

Hypothesis: Contemporary accounts indicate that in performance, Chopin avoided rigid procedures sometimes incorrectly attributed to him, such as "always crescendo to a high note", but that he was concerned with expressive phrasing, rhythmic consistency and sensitive colouring.


Premise: Who wrote the Germania?

Hypothesis: Afterwards the car, the vestments, and, if you like to believe it, the divinity herself, are purified in a secret lake."


Premise: Who does Shiji claim that its leaders were descended from?

Hypothesis: Shiji claims that its leaders were descended from the Shang founder Yu the Great.


Premise: What service did Elizabeth attend in Armagm?

Hypothesis: On 20 March 2008, at the Church of Ireland St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh, the Queen attended the first Maundy service held outside England and Wales.


Premise: What group might have Archaic Homo sapiens evolve out of?

Hypothesis: Virtually all physical anthropologists agree that Archaic Homo sapiens (A group including the possible species H. heidelbergensis, H. rhodesiensis and H. neanderthalensis) evolved out of African Homo erectus ((sensu lato) or Homo ergaster).


Premise: What does the World Health Organization say about Solar water disinfection?

Hypothesis: Over two million people in developing countries use this method for their daily drinking water.


Premise: When did the process of funding the country's public university begin?

Hypothesis: It called for the creation of nine academic departments; the President of the Republic would pass a decree formally creating the departments once the majority of them were in operation.


Premise: What system are Little Island, Mallow, Midleton, Fota and Cobh stations of?

Hypothesis: Stations include Little Island, Mallow, Midleton, Fota and Cobh.


Premise: What term is visual anthropology sometimes used interchangeably with?

Hypothesis: While the term is sometimes used interchangeably with ethnographic film, visual anthropology also encompasses the anthropological study of visual representation, including areas such as performance, museums, art, and the production and reception of mass media.


Premise: Who was appointed Supreme Commander in Korea after the removal of General MacArthur?

Hypothesis: General Ridgway was appointed Supreme Commander, Korea; he regrouped the UN forces for successful counterattacks, while General James Van Fleet assumed command of the U.S. Eighth Army.


Premise: What type of activity did early settlers use to get food that didn't involve farming?

Hypothesis: Agricultural production on the island is difficult given the dry and rocky terrain, but the early settlers managed to produce vegetables, cotton, pineapples, salt, bananas and also fishing.


Premise: When was Alexander Balus composed?

Hypothesis: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart placed it in his 1787 work Don Giovanni and Beethoven created four variations of it.


Premise: What is the per capita GDP of Cyprus given by the IMF?

Hypothesis: According to the latest International Monetary Fund estimates, its per capita GDP (adjusted for purchasing power) at $30,769 is just above the average of the European Union.[citation needed]


Premise: What was the new anastethetic Victoria used in her last two childbirths?

Hypothesis: In 1853, Victoria gave birth to her eighth child, Leopold, with the aid of the new anaesthetic, chloroform.


Premise: What is the abbreviation for a tactical operations center?

Hypothesis: The most common tent uses for the military are as temporary barracks (sleeping quarters), DFAC buildings (dining facilities), forward operating bases (FOBs), after action review (AAR), tactical operations center (TOC), morale, welfare, and recreation (MWR) facilities, and security checkpoints.


Premise: How will the fiber optic connection impact the price for online access for the average user?

Hypothesis: Effective the first quarter of 2014, the deal will establish fiber optic connectivity to and from Somalia via the EASSy cable.


Premise: When did the Alpine countries see an influx of poets, artists, and musicians?

Hypothesis: Late in the 18th century the first wave of Romantics such as Goethe and Turner came to admire the scenery; Wordsworth visited the area in 1790, writing of his experiences in The Prelude.


Premise: What is the Premier League Championship trophy based on?

Hypothesis: The design of the trophy is based on the heraldry of Three Lions that is associated with English football.


Premise: What defines finite groups of order p, a prime number, as being necessarily cyclic (abelian) groups Zp?

Hypothesis: Groups of order p2 can also be shown to be abelian, a statement which does not generalize to order p3, as the non-abelian group D4 of order 8 = 23 above shows.


Premise: What does the Evanston Campus Framework Plan outline?

Hypothesis: The university also released at the beginning of the 2008–09 academic year the Evanston Campus Framework Plan, which outlines plans for future development of the Evanston Campus.


Premise: How is steel produced?

Hypothesis: Adding a small amount of non-metallic carbon to iron produces an alloy called steel.


Premise: What is wrestling to people during a peaceful time?

Hypothesis: Wrestling's high levels of violence and masculinity make it a vicarious outlet for aggression during peacetime.


Premise: How do Afro-multiracials identify in the 21st century?

Hypothesis: According to Dr. Carlos Moore, resident scholar at Brazil's University of the State of Bahia, in the 21st century Afro-multiracials in the Arab world, including Arabs in North Africa, self-identify in ways that resemble multi-racials in Latin America.


Hypothesis: Duty-free port attractions, retail trade, high-end tourism (mostly from North America) and its luxury hotels and villas have increased the island's prosperity, reflected in the high standard of living of its citizens.


Premise: When using a small loop antenna at a low frequency, what may occur?

Hypothesis: This is implemented in most AM broadcast receivers, with a small ferrite loop antenna resonated by a capacitor which is varied along with the receiver tuning in order to maintain resonance over the AM broadcast band


Premise: What word is used in Samoa to mean "respect"?

Hypothesis: Some Samoans are spiritual and religious, and have subtly adapted the dominant religion of Christianity to 'fit in' with fa'a Samoa and vice versa.


Premise: Who held the opinion that judiasm demands and application of torah thought to the entire realm of human experience?

Hypothesis: While insisting on strict adherence to Jewish beliefs and practices, he held that Jews should attempt to engage and influence the modern world, and encouraged those secular studies compatible with Torah thought.


Premise: What does the angled deck separate the recovery operation area from?

Hypothesis: The arrested-recovery system has used an angled deck since the 1950s because, in case the aircraft does not catch the arresting wire, the short deck allows easier take off by reducing the number of objects between the aircraft and the end of the runway.


Premise: What broke away from the Armenian Apostolic Church?

Hypothesis: While the Armenian Apostolic Church remains the most prominent church in the Armenian community throughout the world, Armenians (especially in the diaspora) subscribe to any number of other Christian denominations.


Premise: What type of armor did Japanese wear in the 7th century?

Hypothesis: As far back as the seventh century Japanese warriors wore a form of lamellar armor, this armor eventually evolved into the armor worn by the samurai.


Premise: When did Afro Samurai first air?

Hypothesis: In 2007 the animated series debuted on American cable television on the Spike TV channel (Denison, 2010).


Premise: How do birds conserve energy?

Hypothesis: For larger birds, flying in flocks reduces the energy cost.


Premise: What is London's second most competitive industry?

Hypothesis: London is a major retail centre and in 2010 had the highest non-food retail sales of any city in the world, with a total spend of around £64.2 billion.


Premise: What field did the majority of the employees at La Defense work in?

Hypothesis: The second-largest business district in terms of employment is La Défense, just west of the city, where many companies installed their offices in the 1990s.


Premise: Who was Ali ibn Abi Talib?

Hypothesis: Sunnis believe the true political successor of the Prophet in Sunnah is based on ٍShura (consultation) at the Saqifah which selected Abu Bakr, father of the Prophet's favourite wife, 'A'ishah, to lead the Islamic community while the religious succession ceased to exist on account of finality of Prophethood.


Premise: The two subdivisions of what group include Palaeognathae and Neognathae?

Hypothesis: These two subdivisions are often given the rank of superorder, although Livezey and Zusi assigned them "cohort" rank.


Premise: When was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed?

Hypothesis: By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size of the country even more.


Premise: Other than Serbo-Croatian, German, Russian, Czech, Slovenian and English, French and Italian, what language does Tito speak?

Hypothesis: As regards knowledge of languages, Tito replied that he spoke Serbo-Croatian, German, Russian, and some English.


Premise: After Morsi removal, what country has Egypt improved relations with?

Hypothesis: Relations with Russia have improved significantly following Mohamed Morsi's removal and both countries have worked since then to strengthen military and trade ties among other aspects of bilateral co-operation.


Premise: What do we avoid disrupting by doing the time shift during days most people don't work?

Hypothesis: Twenty-minute and two-hour shifts have been used in the past.


Premise: In which decade did there start to be a lot of traffic in Southampton?

Hypothesis: Pockets of Georgian architecture survived the war, but much of the city was levelled.


Premise: When was the original punk movement?

Hypothesis: Drawing inspiration from elements of punk rock while departing from its musical conventions and wider cultural affiliations, post-punk music was marked by varied, experimentalist sensibilities and its "conceptual assault" on rock tradition.


Premise: How can a wrestler be disqualified?

Hypothesis: Disqualification (sometimes abbreviated as "DQ") occurs when a wrestler violates the match's rules, thus losing automatically.


Premise: Richmond is located at what line of the James river?

Hypothesis: Richmond is located at the fall line of the James River, 44 miles (71 km) west of Williamsburg, 66 miles (106 km) east of Charlottesville, and 98 miles (158 km) south of Washington, D.C.


Premise: What is the primary source of income in Tajikistan?

Hypothesis: The primary sources of income in Tajikistan are aluminium production, cotton growing and remittances from migrant workers.


Premise: Where does Elizabeth's wealth place her in the list of the richest in the UK?

Hypothesis: The Sunday Times Rich List 2015 estimated her private wealth at £340 million, making her the 302nd richest person in the UK.


Premise: What are some fields of knowledge concerning the animal world that have been revolutionizes in the 21st century?

Hypothesis: Animal communication, and indeed the understanding of the animal world in general, is a rapidly growing field, and even in the 21st century so far, a great share of prior understanding related to diverse fields such as personal symbolic name use, animal emotions, animal culture and learning, and even sexual conduct, long thought to be well understood, has been revolutionized.


Premise: When did the war start up again?

Hypothesis: The war resumed in March 1969.


Premise: What was the name of the second single called?

Hypothesis: After Madonna signed a singles deal with Sire, her debut single, "Everybody", was released in October 1982, and the second, "Burning Up", in March 1983.


Premise: What did the branding of the Mac OS 8 effectively end?

Hypothesis: Since Apple had licensed only System 7 to third parties, this move effectively ended the clone line.


Premise: What do you call paying government officials to use their position in their office?

Hypothesis: Bribes may be demanded in order for an official to do something he is already paid to do.


Premise: Along with the cingulate cortex and hippocampi, what structure is a notable part of the limbic system?

Hypothesis: More recent research has shown that some of these limbic structures are not as directly related to emotion as others are while some non-limbic structures have been found to be of greater emotional relevance.


Premise: When entrusted funds are stolen, it is called what?

Hypothesis: Embezzlement is the theft of entrusted funds.


Premise: What year saw the election of a plebeian to the office of praetor?

Hypothesis: To win over the tribunes, the senators gave the tribunes a great deal of power and the tribunes began to feel obligated to the senate.


Premise: Which religios center is located at 210 West?

Hypothesis: The former Hotel Pierrepont was located at 43 West 32nd Street, The Continental NYC tower is at the corner of Sixth Avenue and 32nd Street.


Premise: What is the decolonization of the Americas?

Hypothesis: The decolonization of the Americas was the process by which the countries in the Americas gained their independence from European rule.


Premise: What religions are now practiced by 54% of the world?

Hypothesis: The Hebrew Bible, a religious interpretation of the traditions and early national history of the Jews, established the first of the Abrahamic religions, which are now practiced by 54% of the world.


Premise: Who is the present Minister of Foreign Affairs?

Hypothesis: Greece's foreign policy is conducted through the Ministry for Foreign Affairs and its head, the Minister for Foreign Affairs.


Premise: At West Point, what game did Eisenhower play six nights a week for five months?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower recorded West Point classmates' poker losses for payment after graduation, and later stopped playing because his opponents resented having to pay him.


Premise: What method of spread can occur in antibacterial resistance?

Hypothesis: Cross-resistance to several antibacterials may also occur when a resistance mechanism encoded by a single gene conveys resistance to more than one antibacterial compound.


Premise: Along with Christians and Jews, what was a major non-Muslim religious group under the Umayyads?

Hypothesis: It is not clear how Umar attempted to resolve this situation, but the sources portray him as having insisted on like treatment of Arab and non-Arab (mawali) Muslims, and on the removal of obstacles to the conversion of non-Arabs to Islam.


Premise: What teachings originated with Arnold of Brescia?

Hypothesis: After his death, his teachings on apostolic poverty gained currency among Arnoldists, and later more widely among Waldensians and the Spiritual Franciscans, though no written word of his has survived the official condemnation.


Premise: When did Digimon first appear?

Hypothesis: The franchise was first created in 1997 as a series of virtual pets, akin to—and influenced in style by—the contemporary Tamagotchi or nano Giga Pet toys.


Premise: What is found in Florida

Hypothesis: The Everglades, an enormously wide, slow-flowing river encompasses the southern tip of the peninsula.


Premise: When was the first penalty kick?

Hypothesis: Until the 1990s further replays would be played until one team was victorious.


Premise: How many sea animals live in Earth's polar regions?

Hypothesis: More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap of 12,000 km (7,456 mi).


Premise: What deity does the 12th century mosaic in the Hagia Sophia depict?

Hypothesis: The imperial mausoleum of the Komnenos dynasty, the Pantokrator Monastery was certainly decorated with great mosaics but these were later destroyed.


Premise: What President signed this act?

Hypothesis: The stamps are created on behalf of the program by the US Postal Service and depict wildlife artwork chosen through an annual contest.


Premise: How is hydrogen produced when there is no atmospheric oxygen?

Hypothesis: In the absence of atmospheric oxygen (O_2), in deep geological conditions prevailing far away from Earth atmosphere, hydrogen (H_2) is produced during the process of serpentinization by the anaerobic oxidation by the water protons (H+) of the ferrous (Fe2+) silicate present in the crystal lattice of the fayalite (Fe_2SiO_4, the olivine iron-endmember).


Premise: Which government project aimed to deepen Melbourne ports by dredging?

Hypothesis: Several programs are being implemented to minimise beach and river pollution.


Premise: What country had to wait until June of 2007 for their PS3?

Hypothesis: The console was originally planned for a global release through November, but at the start of September the release in Europe and the rest of the world was delayed until March.


Premise: What does a female dog experience at sexual maturity?

Hypothesis: Because the ova survive and are capable of being fertilized for a week after ovulation, it is possible for a female to mate with more than one male.


Premise: Who is the next highest goal scorer after Mess?

Hypothesis: Four players have managed to score over 100 league goals at Barcelona: Lionel Messi (305), César Rodríguez (192), László Kubala (131) and Samuel


Premise: What did Barry Goldwater call Eisenhower?

Hypothesis: In retirement, the former president did not completely retreat from political life; he spoke at the 1964 Republican National Convention and appeared with Barry Goldwater in a Republican campaign commercial from Gettysburg.


Premise: What year was the Banská Akadémia founded?

Hypothesis: The world's first institution of technology or technical university with tertiary technical education is the Banská Akadémia in Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia, founded in 1735, Academy since December 13, 1762 established by queen Maria Theresa in order to train specialists of silver and gold mining and metallurgy in neighbourhood.


Premise: Who discovered the principles of magnetic and electric interactions?

Hypothesis: The conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy by electromagnetic means was demonstrated by the British scientist Michael Faraday in 1821.


Premise: Which year is the earliest dated Greek lower-case text?

Hypothesis: The earliest dated Greek lower-case text is the Uspenski Gospels (MS 461) in the year 835.[citation needed]


Premise: What event was held after the sacrifice?

Hypothesis: After the sacrifice, a banquet was held; in state cults, the images of honoured deities took pride of place on banqueting couches and by means of the sacrificial fire consumed their proper portion (exta, the innards).


Premise: What activity is also greatly reduced in newborn infants?

Hypothesis: Phagocytic activity is also greatly impaired in newborns.


Premise: What was included on the first iPod?

Hypothesis: The original iPod had the game Brick (originally invented by Apple's co-founder Steve Wozniak) included as an easter egg hidden feature; later firmware versions added it as a menu option.


Premise: When was the Digimon series created?

Hypothesis: The franchise gained momentum with its first anime incarnation, Digimon Adventure, and an early video game, Digimon World, both released in 1999.


Premise: What is affected when pesticides don't reach their target?

Hypothesis: Pesticide drift occurs when pesticides suspended in the air as particles are carried by wind to other areas, potentially contaminating them.


Premise: What Guptas brought much of India under Gupta rule?

Hypothesis: The military exploits of the first three rulers –


Premise: Who received new and special protections in the new constitution?

Hypothesis: Nasser's nomination for the post and the new constitution were put to public referendum on 23 June and each was approved by an overwhelming majority.


Premise: What occurred in the winter of 2014 of significance for Myanmar ?

Hypothesis: In December 2014, Myanmar signed an agreement to set up its first stock exchange.


Premise: What prize did Domagk get for his work?

Hypothesis: Domagk received the 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his efforts.


Premise: What New Haven non-profit manages the farmer's markets that service various neighborhoods weekly throughout the area?

Hypothesis: Popular farmers' markets, managed by the local non-profit CitySeed, set up shop weekly in several neighborhoods, including Westville/Edgewood Park, Fair Haven, Upper State Street, Wooster Square, and Downtown/New Haven Green.


Premise: What were the 2 types of migration during the 18th century?

Hypothesis: Migration took several different forms, though might be divided in two varieties: permanent migration for resettlement, and relocation conceived by the party (in theory at least) as a temporary sojourn.


Premise: Who determines the content taught in Arabic public schools?

Hypothesis: Primary education in Arabic and Islamic studies is available to Kerala Muslims almost entirely in after-school madrasa programs - sharply unlike full-time madaris common in north India, which may replace formal schooling.


Premise: What was the Malleus Maleficarum?

Hypothesis: The papacy further refined the practice in the Mass in the Late Middle Ages, holding that the clergy alone was allowed to partake of the wine in the Eucharist.


Premise: What are the sound holes covered with?

Hypothesis: A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling.


Premise: What became cheap enough for the middle class to buy?

Hypothesis: Aesthetics became a criterion for the middle class as ornamented products, once within the province of expensive craftsmanship, became cheaper under machine production.


Premise: In what city did West finish recording his first album?

Hypothesis: He recorded the remainder of the album in Los Angeles while recovering from the car accident.


Premise: How many troops did Napoleon field at the Battle of Marengo?

Hypothesis: In the spring of 1800, Napoleon and his troops crossed the Swiss Alps into Italy, aiming to surprise the Austrian armies that had reoccupied the peninsula when Napoleon was still in Egypt.[note 5]


Premise: When was the time of Panini?

Hypothesis: During this time, the prestige of the language, its use for sacred purposes, and the importance attached to its correct enunciation all served as powerful conservative forces resisting the normal processes of linguistic change.


Premise: Which battle was considered the biggest in the war?

Hypothesis: The Battle of Gravelotte, or Gravelotte–St.


Premise: What is the southern edge of Tucson's downtown?

Hypothesis: Some authorities include the 4th Avenue shopping district, which is set just northeast of the rest of downtown and connected by an underpass beneath the UPRR tracks.


Premise: What measure was passed by Seattle voters in 2006?

Hypothesis: After rejecting a roads and transit measure in 2007, Seattle-area voters passed a transit only measure in 2008 to increase ST Express bus service, extend the Link Light Rail system, and expand and improve Sounder commuter rail service.


Premise: What kind of meat is Sichuan known to produce in abundance?

Hypothesis: Sichuan also had the largest output of pork among all the provinces and the second largest output of silkworm cocoons in 1999.


Premise: Who told the story of the Cretan seer Epimenides?

Hypothesis: He writes that the Cretan seer Epimenides purified Athens after the pollution brought by the Alcmeonidae, and that the seer's expertise in sacrifices and reform of funeral practices were of great help to Solon in his reform of the Athenian state.


Premise: How many municipalities in Thuringia are classified as towns?

Hypothesis: Today, all municipalities within districts are equal in law, whether they are towns or villages.


Premise: Which insect hinders livestock development?

Hypothesis: Much of the country is self-sufficient in food crops; however, livestock development is hindered by the presence of the tsetse fly.[citation needed]


Premise: Who was the Greek king immortalized in Buddhist canon?

Hypothesis: Striking examples of this syncretistic development can be seen in the emergence of Greek-speaking Buddhist monarchs in the Indo-Greek Kingdom, and in the development of the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhāra.


Premise: What is required for the electromagnetic field to come to thermal equilibrium?

Hypothesis: If the object is black, meaning it absorbs all the light that hits it, then its thermal light emission is maximized.


Premise: What year did the Manchester institution begin?

Hypothesis: The Manchester institution dates back to 1836 but had been trading as Watts Bazaar since 1796.


Premise: What group notably murdered Libyan diplomats?

Hypothesis: Most prominent was the National Front for the Salvation of Libya (NFSL), founded in 1981 by Mohammed Magariaf, which orchestrated militant attacks against Libya's government, while another, al-Borkan, began killing Libyan diplomats abroad.


Premise: What are resistant bacteria called in the media?

Hypothesis: Antibiotic Development to Advance Patient Treatment (ADAPT) Act aims to fast track the drug development to combat the growing threat of 'superbugs'.


Premise: What type or ornamentation was featured on the Illyrians shilds and war belts?

Hypothesis: Illyrians on the coast of the Adriatic were under the effects and influence of Hellenisation and some tribes adopted Greek, becoming bilingual due to their proximity to the Greek colonies in Illyria.


Premise: Along with Patton, who was a notable interwar tank leader?

Hypothesis: He assumed duties again at Camp Meade, Maryland, commanding a battalion of tanks, where he remained until 1922.


Premise: What nations were outraged by the nationalization scheme?

Hypothesis: Nasser was aware that the canal's nationalization would instigate an international crisis and believed the prospect of military intervention by the two countries was 80 per cent likely.


Premise: How many people on average tuned in to watch American Idol in its second season?

Hypothesis: By season four, American Idol had become the most watched series amongst all viewers on American TV for the first time, with an average viewership of 26.8 million.


Premise: Being positioned as a higher end PC, what is it misleading to compare the Mac to?

Hypothesis: Whether the size of the Mac's market share and installed base is relevant, and to whom, is a hotly debated issue.


Premise: Out of the top eight advertising agency networks in the world, how many are based in New York?

Hypothesis: Seven of the world's top eight global advertising agency networks have their headquarters in New York.


Premise: What was the title of Jean-Baptiste Wicar's artwork inspired by the Aeneid?

Hypothesis: Although the truth of this claim is subject to scholarly scepticism, it has served as a basis for later art, such as Jean-Baptiste Wicar's Virgil Reading the Aeneid.


Premise: When was Radio Mogadishu established?

Hypothesis: Established during the colonial period, Radio Mogadishu initially broadcast news items in both Somali and Italian.


Premise: Kairomones are a type of what?

Hypothesis: Types of semiochemicals include pheromones and kairomones.


Premise: What is caused by inhaling freshly formed zinc oxide?

Hypothesis: There is also a condition called the zinc shakes or "zinc chills" that can be induced by the inhalation of freshly formed zinc oxide formed during the welding of galvanized materials.


Premise: Modern Baptist churches trace their history to what movement?

Hypothesis: Both individuals and churches were willing to give up their theological roots if they became convinced that a more biblical "truth" had been discovered.[page needed]


Premise: Whose earlier work did Nicholas Vavilov build upon?

Hypothesis: The discipline of plant ecology was pioneered in the late 19th century by botanists such as Eugenius Warming, who produced the hypothesis that plants form communities, and his mentor and successor Christen C. Raunkiær whose system for describing plant life forms is still in use today.


Premise: In what kingdom was the Bizere Monastery located?

Hypothesis: The monastery was situated that time in the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary.


Premise: How may species have been found to be resistant to DDT?

Hypothesis: DDT use is not always effective, as resistance to DDT was identified in Africa as early as 1955, and by 1972 nineteen species of mosquito worldwide were resistant to DDT.


Premise: In what year did Nuruddin Farah win the Neustadt International Prize for Literature?

Hypothesis: Books such as From a Crooked Rib and Links are considered important literary achievements, works which have earned Farah, among other accolades, the 1998 Neustadt International Prize for Literature.


Premise: Do Anglo-American grand lodges accept women as members today?

Hypothesis: The attitude of most regular Anglo-American grand lodges remains that women Freemasons are not legitimate Masons.


Premise: What year did the first governor arrive to Saint Helena?

Hypothesis: In 1657, Oliver Cromwell granted the English East India Company a charter to govern Saint Helena and the following year the company decided to fortify the island and colonise it with planters.


Premise: What is the mission of the NDO in regards to nuclear security?

Hypothesis: The Air Force, in conjunction with other entities within the Departments of Defense or Energy, achieves a high standard of protection through a stringent nuclear surety program.


Premise: What is another term for language varieties?

Hypothesis: In this secondary sense of "dialect", language varieties are often called dialects rather than languages:


Premise: What kind of cross is generally believed that Jesus was crucified on?

Hypothesis: Whereas most Christians believe the gibbet on which Jesus was executed was the traditional two-beamed cross, the Jehovah's Witnesses hold the view that a single upright stake was used.


Premise: The common bit rate on the internet is 128 kbit/s using which compression ratio?

Hypothesis: The rate of 128 kbit/s is commonly used, at a compression ratio of 11:1, offering adequate audio quality in a relatively small space.


Premise: when the east india company move to commercial  trading what  company did they surpass?

Hypothesis: The company, which benefited from the imperial patronage, soon expanded its commercial trading operations, eclipsing the Portuguese Estado da Índia, which had established bases in Goa, Chittagong, and Bombay, which Portugal later ceded to England as part of the dowry of Catherine de Braganza.


Premise: Which of Virgil's works was said by some to have predicted Jesus' birth?

Hypothesis: As such, Virgil came to be seen on a similar level as the Hebrew prophets of the Bible as one who had heralded Christianity.


Premise: What company designed this interface?

Hypothesis: The address book is Comcast Plaxo software.


Premise: An example of a 4GL is what?

Hypothesis: The benefit of 4GL is that it provides ways to obtain information without requiring the direct help of a programmer.


Premise: How many inhabitants did Montevideo have in 1860?

Hypothesis: In 1860, Montevideo had 57,913 inhabitants including a number of people of African origin who had been brought as slaves and had gained their freedom around the middle of the century.


Premise: Where did the government relocate to in 1937?

Hypothesis: The Republican government passed to Juan Negrín on 17 May 1937 and on 31 October of that year moved to Barcelona.


Premise: Who is credited with discovering zinc?

Hypothesis: German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf is credited with discovering pure metallic zinc in 1746.


Premise: Who is the current Chief of the Charleston Police Department?

Hypothesis: The City of Charleston Police Department, with a total of 452 sworn officers, 137 civilians, and 27 reserve police officers, is South Carolina's largest police department.


Premise: Where was Bell's home?

Hypothesis: Returning home to Brantford after six months abroad, Bell continued his experiments with his "harmonic telegraph".[N 12]


Premise: How long does the flight training for the AETC's Nineteenth Air Force last?

Hypothesis: Training programs vary in length; for example, 3M0X1 (Services) has 31 days of tech school training, while 3E8X1 (Explosive Ordnance Disposal) is one year of training with a preliminary school and a main school consisting of over 10 separate divisions, sometimes taking students close to two years to complete.


Premise: Who downplayed the contrast and recent past history between German and the Soviets?

Hypothesis: Soviet propaganda and representatives went to great lengths to minimize the importance of the fact that they had opposed and fought against the Nazis in various ways for a decade prior to signing the Pact.


Premise: Who built monasteries in Lucerne, Switzerland and Oberammergau?

Hypothesis: The Benedictines had built monasteries in Lucerne, Switzerland, and Oberammergau; the Cistercians in the Tyrol and at Lake Constance; and the Augustinians had abbeys in the Savoy and one in the center of Interlaken, Switzerland.


Premise: Which British jurist later made the phrase "rule of law" popular in the 1800s?

Hypothesis: The rule of law was further popularized in the 19th century by British jurist A. V. Dicey.


Premise: How many Boers were taken prisoner during the Second Boer War?

Hypothesis: One of the most remote islands in the world, it was for centuries an important stopover for ships sailing to Europe from Asia and South Africa.


Premise: Where was Kerry's boat on Dec 2-3, 1968?

Hypothesis: It was for this injury that Kerry received his first Purple Heart Medal.


Premise: What use of unmarked cars is controversial?

Hypothesis: Some police forces use unmarked or minimally marked cars for traffic law enforcement, since drivers slow down at the sight of marked police vehicles and unmarked vehicles make it easier for officers to catch speeders and traffic violators.


Premise: Who played Destry in Destry Rides Again?

Hypothesis: When Pasternak stopped producing Durbin's pictures, and she outgrew her screen persona and pursued more dramatic roles, the studio signed 13-year-old Gloria Jean for her own series of Pasternak musicals from 1939; she went on to star with Bing Crosby, W. C. Fields, and Donald O'Connor.


Premise: How big is the largest forest in Yale's possession?

Hypothesis: Yale also owns seven forests in Connecticut, Vermont, and New Hampshire—the largest of which is the 7,840-acre (31.7 km2) Yale-Myers Forest in Connecticut's Quiet Corner—and nature preserves including Horse Island.


Premise: The maximum amount of players exclude what?

Hypothesis: Competition rules may state a minimum number of players required to constitute a team, which is usually seven.


Premise: What was the name of West's fashion line for women?

Hypothesis: The line's reception was markedly improved from the previous presentation, with a number of critics heralding West for his "much improved" sophomore effort.


Premise: What was the Kensington System?

Hypothesis: Her mother was extremely protective, and Victoria was raised largely isolated from other children under the so-called "Kensington System", an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess and her ambitious and domineering comptroller, Sir John Conroy, who was rumoured to be the Duchess's lover.


Premise: What kind of glass are containers made from?

Hypothesis: The term glass, in popular usage, is often used to refer only to this type of material, which is familiar from use as window glass and in glass bottles.


Premise: What had been Poland's stance towards the US, historically?

Hypothesis: Poland has historically been staunchly pro-American, dating back to General Tadeusz Kościuszko and Casimir Pulaski's involvement in the American Revolution.


Premise: Choules complimented the streets of Southampton for being kept in what condition?

Hypothesis: In his 1854 book "The Cruise of the Steam Yacht North Star" John Choules described Southampton thus: "I hardly know a town that can show a more beautiful Main Street than Southampton, except it be Oxford.


Premise: What was the German flag that was similar to the Rot-un-Wiss replaced by?

Hypothesis: As it underlines the Germanic roots of the region, it was replaced in 1949 by a new "Union jack-like" flag representing the union of the two déprtements.


Premise: What people did the rycerstwo class represent?

Hypothesis: Representing the wealthier families of Poland and itinerant knights from abroad seeking their fortunes, this other class of rycerstwo, which became the szlachta/nobility ("szlachta" becomes the proper term for Polish nobility beginning about the 15th century), gradually formed apart from Mieszko


Premise: What is Korea's largest port?

Hypothesis: Tank battalions deployed to Korea directly from the U.S. mainland from the port of San Francisco to the port of Pusan, the largest Korean port.


Premise: What law prohibited birth control?

Hypothesis: The history of the development of oral contraceptives is thus closely tied to the birth control movement and the efforts of activists Margaret Sanger, Mary Dennett, and Emma Goldman.


Premise: New studies have found that half of reactivation cases of tuberculosis might actually be due to what other "re-" word?

Hypothesis: The chance of death from a case of tuberculosis is about 4% as of 2008, down from 8% in 1995.


Premise: What architectural style was used to design Branch House?

Hypothesis: Broad Street Station (or Union Station), designed in the Beaux-Arts style, is no longer a functioning station but is now home to the Science Museum of Virginia.


Premise: When it comes to plans and outcomes, what do development anthropologists look at between them?

Hypothesis: Why is there such a gap between plans and outcomes?


Premise: Which theory does the relativity depart from?

Hypothesis: The formulations of the general theory of relativity, unlike those of classical mechanics, do not share a standard, i.e., there is no single formulation paired with transformations.


Premise: When was Madonna's third album released?

Hypothesis: The next year, Madonna was featured in the film Who's That Girl.


Premise: What distinguishes birds from almost all other vertebrate classes?

Hypothesis: Most birds can fly, which distinguishes them from almost all other vertebrate classes.


Premise: In what decade did Finland begin employing comprehensive schools?

Hypothesis: Finland has used comprehensive schools since the 1970s, in the sense that everyone is expected to complete the nine grades of peruskoulu, from the age 7 to 16.


Premise: What medium was originally used to keep Internet Archive's data?

Hypothesis: Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers and scientists to tap into the clunky database.


Premise: What kingdom was Guinea-Bissau once a part of?

Hypothesis: Portuguese Guinea was known as the Slave Coast, as it was a major area for the exportation of African slaves by Europeans to the western hemisphere.


Premise: do domestic and wild geese have the same apperearance ?

Hypothesis: Domestic geese are much larger than their wild counterparts and tend to have thick necks, an upright posture, and large bodies with broad rear ends.


Premise: What name was adopted for Elizabeth's male-line descendants who do not have royal titles?

Hypothesis: In 1960, after the death of Queen Mary in 1953 and the resignation of Churchill in 1955, the surname Mountbatten-Windsor was adopted for Philip and Elizabeth's male-line descendants who do not carry royal titles.


Premise: Michael Dell removed employee bonuses from what year with his new incentive?

Hypothesis: These include elimination of 2006 bonuses for employees with some discretionary awards, reduction in the number of managers reporting directly to Michael Dell from 20 to 12, and reduction of "bureaucracy".


Premise: What is the county's payroll?

Hypothesis: In 2006, the city's form of government changed from a council–manager government to a strong mayor government.


Premise: When was the Family Computer (Famicom) released in Japan?

Hypothesis: It was initially released in Japan as the Family Computer (Japanese: ファミリーコンピュータ, Hepburn: Famirī Konpyūta?)


Premise: When did Ottoman rule occur in Cyprus?

Hypothesis: Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks in two waves in the 2nd millennium BC.


Premise: Tahitian and Tongan are two examples of indigenous peoples of what descent?

Hypothesis: Indigenous Polynesian peoples, which include Marshallese, Samoan, Tahitian, and Tongan, are politically considered Pacific Islands American but are geographically and culturally distinct from indigenous peoples of the Americas.


Premise: The redesign of notes is being planned by which organization?

Hypothesis: As a result of a 2008 decision in an accessibility lawsuit filed by the American Council of the Blind, the Bureau of Engraving and Printing is planning to implement a raised tactile feature in the next redesign of each note, except the $1 and the version of the $100 bill already in process.


Premise: What material is used in order to release the vinyl records from their molds?

Hypothesis: The production of shellac records continued until the end of the 78 rpm format (i.e., the late 1950s in most developed countries, but well into the 1960s in some other places), but increasingly less abrasive formulations were used during its declining years and very late examples in truly like-new condition can have as low noise levels as vinyl.


Premise: what is it called when fiber-optics are used for end users?

Hypothesis: For users and small businesses, traditional options include copper wires to provide dial-up, DSL, typically asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), cable modem or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (typically basic rate interface).


Premise: Who was Moses?

Hypothesis: Jacob and his sons had lived in Canaan but were forced by famine to go into Egypt for four generations, lasting 430 years, until Moses, a great-great grandson of Jacob, led the Israelites back into Canaan during the "Exodus".


Premise: In what year was there a double homicide?

Hypothesis: In 1999, there was a double homicide in the Westside Clothing store on Lincoln Boulevard.


Premise: What ensures the safety of nuclear operations?

Hypothesis: The Air Force continues to pursue safe, secure and effective nuclear weapons consistent with operational requirements.


Premise: How many different breeds are there?

Hypothesis: Most breeds of dog are at most a few hundred years old, having been artificially selected for particular morphologies and behaviors by people for specific functional roles.


Premise: In what part of the country can most of the Congo's citizens be found?

Hypothesis: The Republic of the Congo's sparse population is concentrated in the southwestern portion of the country, leaving the vast areas of tropical jungle in the north virtually uninhabited.


Premise: What industry is Wall Street associated with?

Hypothesis: Despite New York's heavy reliance on its vast public transit system, streets are a defining feature of the city.


Premise: Is neoclassical design current in Britain?

Hypothesis: A new design by architecture house Dixon Jones is currently being drafted.


Premise: Which state borders Tennessee to the east?

Hypothesis: The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, and the Mississippi River forms the state's western border.


Premise: Who suggested that Ireland was less stable by 1216 than previously supposed?

Hypothesis: Specialists in Irish medieval history, such as Sean Duffy, have challenged the conventional narrative established by Lewis Warren, suggesting that Ireland was less stable by 1216 than was previously supposed.


Premise: What 1688 event helped the parliament solidy its power against the monarch?

Hypothesis: In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689.


Premise: What was it called when East Germany joined the republic?

Hypothesis: German reunification in 1990, in which the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) ascended into the Federal Republic, resulted in the addition of the re-established eastern states of Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-West Pomerania (in German Mecklenburg-Vorpommern), Saxony (Sachsen), Saxony-Anhalt (Sachsen-Anhalt), and Thuringia (Thüringen), as well as the reunification of West and East Berlin into Berlin and its establishment as a full and equal state.


Premise: What county is Tuscon located in?

Hypothesis: By 1900, 7,531 people lived in the city.


Premise: Who described Tharapita?

Hypothesis: According to the legend in the chronicle Tharapita was born on a forested mountain in Virumaa (Latin: Vironia), mainland Estonia from where he flew to Oesel, Saaremaa The name Taarapita has been interpreted as "Taara, help!"/"Thor, help!"


Premise: What person was the Director of the Science Museum at Notre Dame in the late 19th century?

Hypothesis: One of Carrier's students was Father John Augustine Zahm (1851–1921) who was made Professor and Co-Director of the Science Department at age 23 and by 1900 was a nationally prominent scientist and naturalist.


Premise: Which forest is the largest national forest in the US?

Hypothesis: Also referred to as the Panhandle or Inside Passage, this is the region of Alaska closest to the rest of the United States.


Premise: Who else did the BSA issues a report in 2011 with?

Hypothesis: The ninth annual "BSA Global Software Piracy Study" claims that the "commercial value of this shadow market of pirated software" was worth US$63.4 billion in 2011, with the highest commercial value of pirated PC software existent in the U.S. during that time period (US$9,773,000).


Premise: How many passengers did San Diego Internatonal Airport serve in 2005?

Hypothesis: It served over 17 million passengers in 2005, and is dealing with an increasingly larger number every year.


Premise: What apparatuses do groups use?

Hypothesis: Groups do not use any apparatus.


Premise: What can coelomocyte cells defend against?

Hypothesis: The fluid in the coelomata contains coelomocyte cells that defend the animals against parasites and infections.


Premise: What counties surround Richmond?

Hypothesis: Surrounded by Henrico and Chesterfield counties, the city is located at the intersections of Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, and encircled by Interstate 295 and Virginia State Route 288.


Premise: What higher-level is constantly up for debate and research?

Hypothesis: In 2008, researchers at Tufts University uncovered what they believe is the world's oldest known full-body impression of a primitive flying insect, a 300 million-year-old specimen from the Carboniferous period.


Premise: What organization was responsible for the planting of several cherry blossom trees in 1973?

Hypothesis: In addition to the Jazz Festival (described above), New Haven serves as the home city of the annual International Festival of Arts and Ideas.


Premise: Anticircumvention exemptions are generally seen to be be what?

Hypothesis: Title I of the U.S. DMCA, the WIPO Copyright and Performances and Phonograms Treaties Implementation Act has provisions that prevent persons from "circumvent[ing] a technological measure that effectively controls access to a work".


Premise: Who stated in August 2014 that they picked up the rights beginning in its 2015 season?

Hypothesis: In most nations these are not live broadcasts and may be tape delayed by several days or weeks.


Premise: What man is associated with the beginnings of Evangelicalism?

Hypothesis: The origins of Evangelicalism are usually traced back to the English Methodist movement, Nicolaus Zinzendorf, the Moravian Church, Lutheran pietism, Presbyterianism and Puritanism.


Premise: Schwarzenegger's role in Stay Hungry led to a Golden Globe win in what category?

Hypothesis: Schwarzenegger wanted to move from bodybuilding into acting, finally achieving it when he was chosen to play the role of Hercules in 1970's Hercules in New York.


Premise: What fraction of land was under cultivate using the three-field system?

Hypothesis: Horses are faster than oxen and require less pasture, factors that aided the implementation of the three-field system.


Premise: During what decade did Melbourne suffer a sever economic depression?

Hypothesis: The Melbourne financial crisis was a contributing factor in the Australian economic depression of the 1890s and the Australian banking crisis of 1893.


Premise: What nickname does Tuscon have because of their many companies involved in optics?

Hypothesis: Roughly 150 Tucson companies are involved in the design and manufacture of optics and optoelectronics systems, earning Tucson the nickname Optics Valley.


Premise: Who wants the border between Turkey and Armenia opened?

Hypothesis: It has not lifted its blockade despite pressure from the powerful Turkish business lobby interested in Armenian markets.


Premise: When was the first bicycle lane created in New Haven?

Hypothesis: In 2004, the first bike lane in the city was added to Orange Street, connecting East Rock Park and the East Rock neighborhood to downtown.


Premise: What party members win most state and national legislative elections?

Hypothesis: Seattle's political culture is very liberal and progressive for the United States, with over 80% of the population voting for the Democratic Party.


Premise: Where did Nasser apply in 1937?

Hypothesis: Disappointed, he enrolled in the law school at King Fuad University, but quit after one semester to reapply to the Military Academy.


Premise: What is the length of time of market exclusivity of an orphan drug?

Hypothesis: For example, diseases involving fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States, or larger populations in certain circumstances are subject to the Orphan Drug Act.


Premise: Who actually achieved independence for the nation?

Hypothesis: Hidalgo is hailed as the Father of the Nation even though it was Agustin de Iturbide and not Hidalgo who achieved Mexican Independence in 1821.


Premise: Who is the head of Fox's parent company?

Hypothesis: However, Rupert Murdoch, head of Fox's parent company, was persuaded to buy the show by his daughter Elisabeth, who was a fan of the British show.


Premise: Who did Frederick II promise to vote for in the imperial elections?

Hypothesis: More significantly, its military performance proved far better than during the War of the Austrian Succession and seemed to vindicate Maria Theresa's administrative and military reforms.


Premise: How far is the airport from downtown Charleston?

Hypothesis: Charleston Executive Airport is a smaller airport located in the John's Island section of the city of Charleston and is used by noncommercial aircraft.


Premise: How many crimes in 18th century London could result in the death penalty?

Hypothesis: During the 18th century, London was dogged by crime, and the Bow Street Runners were established in 1750 as a professional police force.


Premise: What did Freddie Mercury die of?

Hypothesis: Within 24 hours of the statement, he died of bronchial pneumonia, which was brought on as a complication of AIDS.


Premise: Where do the terms "Middle Ages" and "Modern Ages" originate from?

Hypothesis: It is important to note that these terms stem from European history.


Premise: Who was the area developer?

Hypothesis: The term was coined by the Greater Raleigh Chamber of Commerce, developer John Kane and planning director Mitchell Silver.


Premise: Define "lectio brevior"

Hypothesis: The second, lectio difficilior potior (the harder reading is stronger), recognizes the tendency for harmonization—resolving apparent inconsistencies in the text.


Premise: What is the name of one of the largest gardens in new Delhi?

Hypothesis: The largest of these include Buddha Jayanti Park and the historic Lodi Gardens.


Premise: How many seats are in the Provincial Assembly?

Hypothesis: The Chief Minister of Punjab (CM) is elected by the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab to serve as the head of the provincial government in Punjab, Pakistan.


Premise: What are some of the empires and dynasties that ruled this lane?

Hypothesis: The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism.


Premise: What French President said "the plebiscite is done"?

Hypothesis: Viewing the massive cheering crowd gathered under the balcony of Strasbourg's town hall, French President Raymond Poincaré stated that "the plebiscite is done".


Premise: Who first used the term Serbo-Croatian in 1824?

Hypothesis: As such, the term Serbo-Croatian was first used by Jacob Grimm in 1824, popularized by the Vienna philologist Jernej Kopitar in the following decades, and accepted by Croatian Zagreb grammarians in 1854 and 1859.


Premise: How many million of tons went through Aghioi Theodoroi in 2010?

Hypothesis: The total number of goods transported through Greece in 2010 amounted to 124.38 million tons, a considerable drop from the 164.3 million tons transported through the country in 2007.


Premise: What mechanism cause the bombs to be released?

Hypothesis: so the target was directly below when the bomb release occurred.


Premise: How long does it take for a chirigota to prepare their costume?

Hypothesis: The comparsas are the serious counterpart of the chirigota in Cádiz, and the poetic lyrics and the criticism are their main ingredients.


Premise: What is the aim of NARA in entering public-private partnerships?

Hypothesis: In an effort to make its holdings more widely available and more easily accessible, the National Archives began entering into public–private partnerships in 2006.


Premise: What are traditional pub windows made out of?

Hypothesis: Traditionally the windows of town pubs were of smoked or frosted glass to obscure the clientele from the street but from the 1990s onwards


Premise: How did smallpox cause the Inca Civil War?

Hypothesis: By killing the Incan ruler Huayna Capac, smallpox caused the Inca Civil War.


Premise: How is the ECB held accountable for it's actions?

Hypothesis: Not only must the bank not seek influence, but EU institutions and national governments are bound by the treaties to respect the ECB's independence.


Premise: What were researchers in 2011 able to use as a successful attack vector?

Hypothesis: Researchers in 2011 were even able to use a malicious compact disc in a car's stereo system as a successful attack vector, and cars with built-in voice recognition or remote assistance features have onboard microphones which could be used for eavesdropping.


Premise: What is the symbol of rowing in the city?

Hypothesis: Boathouse Row is a symbol of Philadelphia's rich rowing history, and each Big Five member has its own boathouse.


Premise: Who did downloaders want to help by avoiding studios and record companies?

Hypothesis: The list of reasons for downloading given by the study respondents included money saving; the ability to access material not on general release, or before it was released; and assisting artists to avoid involvement with record companies and movie studios.


Premise: How many years did the Late Jurassic cover?

Hypothesis: The Late Jurassic spans from 163 million to 145 million years ago.


Premise: Where was John Edwards a senator?

Hypothesis: He and his running mate, North Carolina Senator John Edwards, lost the election, finishing 35 electoral votes behind Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney.


Premise: How old was Kanye's mother when she died?

Hypothesis: She was unresponsive in the emergency room, and after resuscitation attempts, doctors pronounced her dead at approximately 8:30 pm, at age 58.


Premise: Which former Miss America graduated from BYU?

Hypothesis: Other media personalities include former CBS News correspondent Art Rascon, award-winning ESPN sportscaster and former Miss America Sharlene Wells Hawkes '86 and former co-host of CBS's The Early Show Jane Clayson Johnson '90.


Premise: What other practices do Buddhists adhere to?

Hypothesis: Other practices are Ten Meritorious Deeds including, giving charity to reduce the greediness; following ethical precepts; renouncing conventional living and becoming a monastic; the development of mindfulness and practice of meditation; cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment; study of scriptures; devotional practices; ceremonies; and in the Mahayana tradition, invocation of buddhas and bodhisattvas.


Premise: What is the literal meaning of "healer?"

Hypothesis: In Apollo's role as a healer, his appellations included Acesius (/əˈsiːʒəs/ ə-SEE-zhəs; Ἀκέσιος, Akesios, from ἄκεσις, "healing"), Acestor (/əˈsɛstər/ ə-SES-tər; Ἀκέστωρ, Akestōr, literally "healer"), Paean (/ˈpiːən/ PEE-ən; Παιάν, Paiān, from παίειν, "to touch"),[citation needed] and Iatrus (/aɪˈætrəs/ eye-AT-rəs; Ἰατρός, Iātros, literally "physician").


Premise: What is 'gorg'?

Hypothesis: The first time that the Armenian word for carpet, gorg, was used in historical sources was in a 1242–1243 Armenian inscription on the wall of the Kaptavan Church in Artsakh.


Premise: What is pantheism?

Hypothesis: In atheism, God is not believed to exist, while God is deemed unknown or unknowable within the context of agnosticism.


Premise: How large is the Irish diaspora that was caused by the Great Irish Famine?

Hypothesis: On a global scale, this disaster led to the creation of an Irish diaspora that numbers fifteen times the current population of the island.


Premise: What element can be found in thyroid glands?

Hypothesis: In 1896, Eugen Baumann observed iodine in thyroid glands.


Premise: Who coined the term "genocide"?

Hypothesis: In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, described the policies of systematic murder founded by the Nazis as genocide.


Premise: Who is the Chief Minister of Norfolk Island?

Hypothesis: In a move that apparently surprised many islanders the Chief Minister of Norfolk Island, David Buffett, announced on 6 November 2010 that the island would voluntarily surrender its tax free status in return for a financial bailout from the federal government to cover significant debts.


Premise: What western was inspired by 'Seven Samurai'?

Hypothesis: One example is that in the Japanese film, seven samurai warriors are hired by local farmers to protect their land from being overrun by bandits; In George Lucas’ Star Wars: A New Hope, a similar situation arises.


Premise: In what ceremonial county is Southampton located?

Hypothesis: Southampton (i/saʊθˈæmptən, -hæmptən/) is the largest city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire on the south coast of England, and is situated 75 miles (121 km) south-west of London and 19 miles (31 km) north-west of Portsmouth.


Premise: According to the INSEE what is Paris Urban Area population?

Hypothesis: The Paris Urban Area, or "unité urbaine", is a statistical area created by the French statistical agency INSEE to measure the population of built-up areas around the city.


Premise: What are the two most common types of transistor?

Hypothesis: Because they are smaller and have shorter interconnections, SMDs have better high-frequency characteristics but lower power rating.


Premise: How could dogs have helped with sanitation issues in camps?

Hypothesis: For instance, dogs would have improved sanitation by cleaning up food scraps.


Premise: What hotel offers a trip to the famer's market to influence dinner?

Hypothesis: The swanky Shutters on the Beach Hotel offers a trip to the famous Santa Monica Farmers Market to select and influence the materials that will become that evening's special "Market Dinner."


Premise: Where was Milne Bay located in New Guinea?

Hypothesis: In early September 1942 Japanese marines attacked a strategic Royal Australian Air Force base at Milne Bay, near the eastern tip of New Guinea.


Premise: The most well supported theory on the origins of the Ashkenazim is one that details a Jewish migration through which modern day country?

Hypothesis: The most well supported theory is the one that details a Jewish migration through what is now Italy and other parts of southern Europe.


Premise: Who controls Wake Island?

Hypothesis: While Wake has been administered by the United States since 1899, the Marshallese government refers to it by the name Enen-kio.


Premise: The two inventors of the first practical diode were employed by what famous company?

Hypothesis: Immediately after filing the patent, Texas Instruments (TI) began a project to manufacture infrared diodes.


Premise: What treatment did the milk that was fed to infants undergo to control bacterial disease?

Hypothesis: It turned out that the vast majority of sufferers were being fed milk that had been heat-treated (as suggested by Pasteur) to control bacterial disease.


Premise: IndyMac resisted efforts by regulators to tighten this criteria of their loans?

Hypothesis: IndyMac often made loans without verification of the borrower’s income or assets, and to borrowers with poor credit histories.


Premise: What did the abbey build on the west side?

Hypothesis: The abbot remained Lord of the Manor of Westminster as a town of two to three thousand persons grew around it: as a consumer and employer on a grand scale the monastery helped fuel the town economy, and relations with the town remained unusually cordial, but no enfranchising charter was issued during the Middle Ages.


Premise: How many soldiers did Charles initially lead against the French at the Battle of Aspern-Essling?

Hypothesis: By the end of the fighting, the French had lost Aspern but still controlled Essling.


Premise: Who wrote the bill with Tito about "self management"?

Hypothesis: On 13 January 1953, they established that the law on self-management was the basis of the entire social order in Yugoslavia.


Premise: What was the dominant sacred musical form in the early 13th century?

Hypothesis: Music was an important part of both secular and spiritual culture, and in the universities it made up part of the quadrivium of the liberal arts.


Premise: Where do Egyptians working abroad work mainly?

Hypothesis: A rapidly growing population, limited arable land, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress the economy.


Premise: What tool is used to push the trace layers in a multi-layer PCB together?

Hypothesis: For example, a four-layer PCB can be fabricated by starting from a two-sided copper-clad laminate, etch the circuitry on both sides, then laminate to the top and bottom pre-preg and copper foil.


Premise: What adaptation of Arthurian romances took so many liberties with the source material that it could hardly be called a translation?

Hypothesis: 1382), which showed the weaknesses of an underdeveloped English prose.


Premise: Who conquered parts of Mauretania?

Hypothesis: The Romans interacted with and later conquered parts of Mauretania, an early state that covered modern Morocco, western Algeria, and the Spanish cities Ceuta and Melilla during the classical period.


Premise: What did powerful leaders of szlachta sought?

Hypothesis: For many centuries, wealthy and powerful members of the szlachta sought to gain legal privileges over their peers.


Premise: What is the traditional term for the President of the Confederation?

Hypothesis: However, the president is a primus inter pares with no additional powers, and remains the head of a department within the administration.


Premise: What was the resolution of the first HD video conferencing system?

Hypothesis: In May 2005, the first high definition video conferencing systems, produced by LifeSize Communications, were displayed at the Interop trade show in Las Vegas, Nevada, able to provide video at 30 frames per second with a 1280 by 720 display resolution.


Premise: What years did hunting decline?

Hypothesis: Hunting in the United States is not associated with any particular class or culture; a 2006 poll showed seventy-eight percent of Americans supported legal hunting, although relatively few Americans actually hunt.


Premise: As better weapons are created, what systems continue to improve as well to counter them?

Hypothesis: It is an arms race; as better jamming, countermeasures and anti-radiation weapons are developed, so are better SAM systems with ECCM capabilities and the ability to shoot down anti-radiation missiles and other munitions aimed at them or the targets they are defending.


Premise: What reason did David Quammen believe that On the Origin of Species was weakened in later editions?

Hypothesis: Quammen advised that later editions were weakened by Darwin making concessions and adding details to address his critics, and recommended the first edition.


Premise: This storyline takes place alternate from what storyline?

Hypothesis: The game takes place hundreds of years after Ocarina of Time and Majora's Mask, in an alternate timeline from The Wind Waker.


Premise: In what year did an incident help introduce added time?

Hypothesis: Added time was introduced because of an incident which happened in 1891 during a match between Stoke and Aston Villa.


Premise: By what means did the British govern Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: The Ellice Islands were administered as British protectorate by a Resident Commissioner from 1892 to 1916 as part of the British Western Pacific Territories (BWPT), and then as part of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands colony from 1916 to 1974.