Premise: Along with Ba'athists and Islamists, who was arrested as a result of the actions of the People's Committees?

Hypothesis: Operating in a pyramid structure, the base form of these Committees were local working groups, who sent elected representatives to the district level, and from there to the national level, divided between the General People's Congress and the General People's Committee.


Premise: In what year did General Clinton return to Charles Towne?

Hypothesis: Clinton returned in 1780 with 14,000 soldiers.


Premise: What percentage of copper has been extracted since 1900?

Hypothesis: Copper has been in use at least 10,000 years, but more than 95% of all copper ever mined and smelted has been extracted since 1900, and more than half was extracted in only the last 24 years.


Premise: What does Oklahoma spend per student in public schools as of 2008?

Hypothesis: Ranked near the bottom of states in expenditures per student, Oklahoma spent $7,755 for each student in 2008, 47th in the nation, though its growth of total education expenditures between 1992 and 2002 ranked 22nd.


Premise: How many civilians were killed in the bombing?

Hypothesis: Civilian casualties on London throughout the Blitz amounted to 28,556 killed, and 25,578 wounded.


Premise: Along with Southwark and The Tabard, what is a notable London inn?

Hypothesis: Many pubs use "Inn" in their name, either because they are long established former coaching inns, or to summon up a particular kind of image, or in many cases simply as a pun on the word "in", as in "The Welcome Inn", the name of many pubs in Scotland.


Premise: What does the gate control theory specify the diameter of which is responsible for the amount of pain sensation?

Hypothesis: They proposed that all skin fiber endings (with the exception of those innervating hair cells) are identical, and that pain is produced by intense stimulation of these fibers.


Premise: PepsiCo fell to what place by 2010, which is in part credited with refusing to sponsor American Idol?

Hypothesis: PepsiCo sponsored the American version of Cowell's The X Factor in hopes of not repeating its Idol mistake until its cancellation.


Premise: What did this study seem to conclude?

Hypothesis: The model also shows all the memory stores as being a single unit whereas research into this shows differently.


Premise: When did GE cease production of the tantalum light filament?

Hypothesis: Metal filaments had the property of breaking and re-welding, though this would usually decrease resistance and shorten the life of the filament.


Premise: What is the name of Apple's hardware engineering chief who helped design the iPod?

Hypothesis: The iPod line came from Apple's "digital hub" category, when the company began creating software for the growing market of personal digital devices.


Premise: What happened to diplomatic envoys the Mongols sent to Japan?

Hypothesis: The Mongols attempted to settle matters in a diplomatic way from 1275 to 1279, but every envoy sent to Japan was executed.


Premise: What two major cities are Inland Empire connected to via Interstate 15?

Hypothesis: This includes Interstate 5, which runs south to Tijuana and north to Los Angeles; Interstate 8, which runs east to Imperial County and the Arizona Sun Corridor; Interstate 15, which runs northeast through the Inland Empire to Las Vegas and Salt Lake City; and Interstate 805, which splits from I-5 near the Mexican border and rejoins I-5 at Sorrento Valley.


Premise: Where is the Uwharrie national Forest located?

Hypothesis: National Forests include Uwharrie National Forest in central North Carolina, Croatan National Forest in Eastern North Carolina, Pisgah National Forest in the northern mountains, and Nantahala National Forest in the southwestern part of the state.


Premise: Why do organisms inherit the characteristics of their parents?

Hypothesis: Organisms inherit the characteristics of their parents because the cells of the offspring contain copies of the genes in their parents' cells.


Premise: Who founded the Yuan dynasty?

Hypothesis: This existed as a "diarchic structure" under the Yuan emperor, with power primarily in favor of the Mongols.


Premise: During what war were the first digital computers invented?

Hypothesis: In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming.


Premise: What is a reason for one negative connotation of the term?

Hypothesis: It can also be used in a pejorative sense, meaning an area or region is perceived to be under excessive American cultural or military influence or control.


Premise: What was the second poorest US city in 2004?

Hypothesis: Miami is also one of the very few cities where its local government went bankrupt, in 2001.


Premise: Who has claimed that Christians and Jews had heard and discussed the Quran before it took on its standardized Arabic form?

Hypothesis: According to Sahih al-Bukhari, the Quran was recited among Levantines and Iraqis, and discussed by Christians and Jews, before it was standardized.


Premise: What was 'Abubacer' normally called?

Hypothesis: In the 12th century CE the Andalusian Muslim philosopher and novelist Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail (known as "Abubacer" or "Ebn Tophail" in the West) included the theory of tabula rasa as a thought experiment in his Arabic philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan in which he depicted the development of the mind of a feral child "from a tabula rasa to that of an adult, in complete isolation from society" on a desert island, through experience alone.


Premise: What was Kant's influential work on the history of the philosophy of space and time titled?

Hypothesis: In 1781, Immanuel Kant published the Critique of Pure Reason, one of the most influential works in the history of the philosophy of space and time.


Premise: Who created a dam in the southern branch of The Yellow River?

Hypothesis: The Yellow River split into two new branches: one emptying to the north and the other to the south of the Shandong Peninsula, though Han engineers managed to dam the southern branch by 70 AD.


Premise: Chopin was actually born outside of Warsaw at what location?

Hypothesis: Fryderyk Chopin was born in Żelazowa Wola, 46 kilometres (29 miles) west of Warsaw, in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw, a Polish state established by Napoleon.


Premise: What did the Presidential Proclamation No. 2914, 3 1950 do?

Hypothesis: Before escaping, the UN Command forces razed most of Hungnam city, especially the port facilities; and on 16 December 1950, President Truman declared a national emergency with Presidential Proclamation No. 2914, 3 C.F.R. 99 (1953), which remained in force until 14 September 1978.[b]


Premise: What is the name of bird excrement?

Hypothesis: About 120–130 species have become extinct due to human activity since the 17th century, and hundreds more before then.


Premise: When does Christmas music on AC format stations usually begin?

Hypothesis: These Christmas music marathons typically start during the week before Thanksgiving Day and end after Christmas Day, or sometimes extending to New Year's Day.


Premise: What type of church does Tonga have?

Hypothesis: Tuvalu has the only established church in Reformed tradition in the world, while Tonga—in the Methodist tradition.


Premise: What would later become the main Islamic form of wall decoration?

Hypothesis: Islamic architecture used mosaic technique to decorate religious buildings and palaces after the Muslim conquests of the eastern provinces of the Byzantine Empire.


Premise: Where is Every Nations Churches located?

Hypothesis: In Congregational and Presbyterian churches which profess a traditionally Calvinist or Reformed theology there are differing views regarding present-day continuation or cessation of the gifts (charismata) of the Spirit.


Premise: By who was the first record of solar distillation done by?

Hypothesis: A large-scale solar distillation project was first constructed in 1872 in the Chilean mining town of Las Salinas.


Premise: What is the Royal Institute of British Architects' street address?

Hypothesis: Parts of the London building are open to the public, including the Library.


Premise: This was the biggest display of mourning since the death of who?

Hypothesis: It was the first time that a national mourning period had been declared for something other than the death of a state leader, and many have called it the biggest display of mourning since the death of Mao Zedong.


Premise: What was a bukeyashiki?

Hypothesis: The term Bushidō, the "way of the warrior", is derived from this term and the mansion of a warrior was called bukeyashiki.


Premise: What events did Bermuda compete in at the 2004 Summer Olympics?

Hypothesis: Bermuda also competed in Men's Skeleton at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy.


Premise: How many people live in the Tulsa metro area?

Hypothesis: Two of the fifty largest cities in the United States are located in Oklahoma, Oklahoma City and Tulsa, and 65 percent of Oklahomans live within their metropolitan areas, or spheres of economic and social influence defined by the United States Census Bureau as a metropolitan statistical area.


Premise: In whic type of government is the leader elected?

Hypothesis: See also "First Minister", "Premier", "Chief Minister", "Chancellor", "Taoiseach", "Statsminister" and "Secretary of State": alternative titles usually equivalent in meaning to, or translated as, "prime minister".


Premise: What language are Mandarin and Cantonese sometimes considered dialects of?

Hypothesis: Romansh came to be a written language, and therefore it is recognized as a language, even though it is very close to the Lombardic alpine dialects.


Premise: Who attended the celebrations?

Hypothesis: The torch arrived in Sanya, Hainan on May 4 with celebrations attended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) officials and Chinese big names like Jackie Chan.


Premise: London's Chinatown district is located in what area?

Hypothesis: London's theatre district is here, as are many cinemas, bars, clubs and restaurants, including the city's Chinatown district (in Soho), and just to the east is Covent Garden, an area housing speciality shops.


Premise: What is a distinguishing aspect of Indian federalism?

Hypothesis: A distinguishing aspect of Indian federalism is that unlike many other forms of federalism, it is asymmetric.


Premise: Who turned over control of Saint Helena to the British Crown?

Hypothesis: The latter half of the 19th century saw the advent of steam ships not reliant on trade winds, as well as the diversion of Far East trade away from the traditional South Atlantic shipping lanes to a route via the Red Sea (which, prior to the building of the Suez Canal, involved a short overland section).


Premise: What is the most notable SAM that can detect a stealth target?

Hypothesis: Advanced forms of thermographic cameras such as those that incorporate QWIPs would be able to optically see a Stealth aircraft regardless of the aircraft's RCS.


Premise: How many houses was the Swiss national assembly divided into?

Hypothesis: Thus, while the rest of Europe saw revolutionary uprisings, the Swiss drew up a constitution which provided for a federal layout, much of it inspired by the American example.


Premise: When did Japan hold the first of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Champtionship?

Hypothesis: On November 27–29, 2003, Japan hosted first edition of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championship.


Premise: Richmond was briefly settled by whom?

Hypothesis: The site of Richmond had been an important village of the Powhatan Confederacy, and was briefly settled by English colonists from Jamestown in 1609, and in 1610–1611.


Premise: How old was Popper when he died?

Hypothesis: Popper died of "complications of cancer, pneumonia and kidney failure" in Kenley at the age of 92 on 17 September 1994.


Premise: What was the ANC combating?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi financially supported other militant groups across the world, including the Black Panther Party, Nation of Islam, Tupamaros, 19th of April Movement and Sandinista National Liberation Front in the Americas, the ANC among other liberation movements in the fight against Apartheid in South Africa, the Provisional Irish Republican Army, ETA, Sardinian nationalists, Action directe, the Red Brigades, and the Red Army Faction in Europe, and the Armenian Secret Army, Japanese Red Army, Free Aceh Movement, and Moro National Liberation Front in Asia.


Premise: What do many people in the dominant LGBT community face?

Hypothesis: Many people experience racism in the dominant LGBT community where racial stereotypes merge with gender stereotypes, such that Asian-American LGBTs are viewed as more passive and feminine, while African-American LGBTs are viewed as more masculine and aggressive.


Premise: Who was the Soviet leader who attended Nasser's funeral?

Hypothesis: Following the announcement of Nasser's death, Egypt and the Arab world were in a state of shock.


Premise: What is one type of reliable capacitor that is resistant to temperature and voltage changes?

Hypothesis: Glass and mica capacitors are extremely reliable, stable and tolerant to high temperatures and voltages, but are too expensive for most mainstream applications.


Premise: Who said that pubs are the heart of England?

Hypothesis: In many places, especially in villages, a pub can be the focal point of the community.


Premise: How much did the Habsburgs have to pay as a result of the Treaty of Pressburg?

Hypothesis: It also imposed an indemnity of 40 million francs on the defeated Habsburgs and allowed the fleeing Russian troops free passage through hostile territories and back to their home soil.


Premise: During what hours is the lower deck turned off?

Hypothesis: The lower deck is turned off during low-volume hours, and the upper deck can act as a single-level elevator stopping at all adjacent floors.


Premise: When did iron making technology begin in Japan?

Hypothesis: By 800 BC, iron-making technology had spread to Europe, arriving in Japan around 700 AD.


Premise: On what island did mutinous American whalers land in 1824?

Hypothesis: In 1824 the crew of the American whaler Globe mutinied and some of the crew put ashore on Mulgrave Island.


Premise: Stringed instruments during the Renaissance included the viol, the lyre, the cittern, the lute and what other instrument?

Hypothesis: Stringed instruments included the viol, the harp-like lyre, the hurdy-gurdy, the cittern and the lute.


Premise: In what country is it estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times what an average ecotourist does?

Hypothesis: In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist.


Premise: When did Hume die?

Hypothesis: The Scottish philosopher David Hume (1711–1776) responded to Berkeley's criticisms of Locke, as well as other differences between early modern philosophers, and moved empiricism to a new level of skepticism.


Premise: How was the population figure for 2010 obtained?

Hypothesis: According to the Sixth China Census, the total population of the City of Nanjing reached 8.005 million in 2010.


Premise: Who is the current non-voting delegate for Guam?

Hypothesis: Guam elects one non-voting delegate, currently Democrat Madeleine Z. Bordallo, to the United States House of Representatives.


Premise: Who cautioned "we ought not to relate their lying fables, lest we fall under sentence of eternal death"?

Hypothesis: Even as the Western Roman empire collapsed, literate men acknowledged that Virgil was a master poet.


Premise: How did the Greeks look upon their forebears ?

Hypothesis: The Greeks of classical antiquity idealized their Mycenaean ancestors and the Mycenaean period as a glorious era of heroes, closeness of the gods and material wealth.


Premise: What did the Germans expect to negotiate?

Hypothesis: Favre was unaware that the real aim of Bismarck in making such extortionate demands was to establish a durable peace on the new western frontier of Germany, preferably by a peace with a friendly government, on terms acceptable to French public opinion.


Premise: What percentage of New Delhi's population is Christian?

Hypothesis: Hinduism is the religion of 79.8% of New Delhi's population.


Premise: Which dramatic form was created around 1400?

Hypothesis: The most interesting morality play is The Castle of Perseverance which depicts mankind's progress from birth to death.


Premise: What benefit convinced many wealthy people to move into town during this time?

Hypothesis: Even the wealthy were persuaded to live in these in town, especially if provided with a square of garden in front of the house.


Premise: Who described the process of making verdigris in ancient times?

Hypothesis: It was used by the Romans in the murals of Pompeii, and in Celtic medieval manuscripts as early as the 5th century AD.


Premise: What aircraft design feature improves launch and recovery cycle flexibilty?

Hypothesis: The primary function of this angled deck is to allow aircraft that miss the arresting wires, referred to as a bolter, to become airborne again without the risk of hitting aircraft parked forward.


Premise: What type of food animal went extict by the end of the Pleistocene era?

Hypothesis: In addition, Jared Diamond has blamed a decline in the availability of wild foods, particularly animal resources.


Premise: Who investigated the bundling of the IE browser with Windows OS?

Hypothesis: In January 2009, the European Commission announced it would investigate the bundling of Internet Explorer with Windows operating systems from Microsoft, saying "Microsoft's tying of Internet Explorer to the Windows operating system harms competition between web browsers, undermines product innovation and ultimately reduces consumer choice."


Premise: When did the CEO go on trial?

Hypothesis: Agriprocessors' CEO went to trial on these charges in state court on 4 May 2010.


Premise: what dominates the cityscape

Hypothesis: Utrecht's cityscape is dominated by the Dom Tower, the tallest belfry in the Netherlands and originally part of the Cathedral of Saint Martin.


Premise: The Noble Eightfold Path is also known as what?

Hypothesis: In Theravada Buddhism, the ultimate goal is the attainment of the sublime state of Nirvana, achieved by practicing the Noble Eightfold Path (also known as the Middle Way), thus escaping what is seen as a cycle of suffering and rebirth.


Premise: Under whos' reign did the szlachta gain institutional privileges?

Hypothesis: As the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795) evolved and expanded in territory, its membership grew to include the leaders of Ducal Prussia, Podolian and Ruthenian lands.


Premise: What is the Ferro Factory known for producing?

Hypothesis: Henry Ford's grandfather was from West Cork, which was one of the main reasons for opening up the manufacturing facility in Cork.


Premise: Futron's Space Competitiveness Index ranked Israel what in 2012?

Hypothesis: In 2012 Israel was ranked ninth in the world by the Futron's Space Competitiveness Index.


Premise: What type of carrier is capable of displacing 75,000 tonnes or greater?

Hypothesis: Supercarriers, displacing 75,000 tonnes or greater, have become the pinnacle of carrier development.


Premise: While Darwin wasn't sure about blending inherited traits, what was his opinion about utilizing inherited variation?

Hypothesis: However, inherited variation could be seen, and Darwin's concept of selection working on a population with a range of small variations was workable.


Premise: Why are sodas and high sugar fruit juices not recommended?

Hypothesis: Drinks especially high in simple sugars, such as soft drinks and fruit juices, are not recommended in children under 5 years of age as they may increase dehydration.


Premise: What does an individual do to attain ennoblement?

Hypothesis: All children of the Polish nobility inherited their noble status from a noble mother and father.


Premise: How much of GE's revenues is derived from the financial services it provides?

Hypothesis: Since over half of GE's revenue is derived from financial services, it is arguably a financial company with a manufacturing arm.


Premise: What publications were shut down 1972?

Hypothesis: Ruling by decree, the RCC maintained the monarchy's ban on political parties, in May 1970 banned trade unions, and in 1972 outlawed workers' strikes and suspended newspapers.


Premise: How long is a quarter in minutes?

Hypothesis: If a quarter's time expires while the ball is dead, the quarter is extended for one more scrimmage.


Premise: Besides Aves, what group contains the only living representatives of the reptile clade Archosauria?

Hypothesis: This was done by excluding most groups known only from fossils, and assigning them, instead, to the Avialae, in part to avoid the uncertainties about the placement of Archaeopteryx in relation to animals traditionally thought of as theropod dinosaurs.


Premise: Who was Nasser's opponent in Lebanon?

Hypothesis: In Lebanon, clashes between pro-Nasser factions and supporters of staunch Nasser opponent, then-President Camille Chamoun, culminated in civil strife by May.


Premise: Why have perks like relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges been allowed for churches?

Hypothesis: Relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges for churches, the tax-free status of church property, the fact that Christmas is a federal holiday, etc., have also been questioned, but have been considered examples of the governmental prerogative in deciding practical and beneficial arrangements for the society.


Premise: In what year did San Diego become part of the United States?

Hypothesis: In 1850, it became part of the United States following the Mexican–American War and the admission of California to the union.


Premise: What is the term for judicial institutions exercising their power?

Hypothesis: If a court's judges do not have such attributes, the court may not exercise the judicial power of the United States.


Premise: How does literary fiction aid the person who reads it?

Hypothesis: It benefits the psychological development and understanding of the reader.


Premise: Who imposed sanctions against Iran as a result of Iran's nuclear program?

Hypothesis: Since 2005, Iran's nuclear program has become the subject of contention with the international community following earlier quotes of Iranian leadership favoring the use of an atomic bomb against Iran's enemies and in particular Israel.


Premise: What is the interpretation of classical  of Samkhya?

Hypothesis: Classical Samkhya is considered an atheist / non-theistic Hindu philosophy.


Premise: What harsh measures do farmers use to prevent the chickens from harming themselves or others?

Hypothesis: In extensive systems, the birds are exposed to adverse weather conditions and are vulnerable to predators and disease-carrying wild birds.


Premise: What is the short hand code for Mexico City's largest airport?

Hypothesis: This airport is Latin America's second busiest and one of the largests in traffic, with daily flights to United States and Canada, mainland Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, South America, Europe and Asia.


Premise: In 1860 what percentage of the city's population was slaves?

Hypothesis: In 1860 forty-nine percent of the city's population was enslaved.


Premise: When did the Austrian filming of Spectre finish?

Hypothesis: Production was temporarily halted first by an injury to Craig, who sprained his knee whilst shooting a fight scene, and later by an accident involving a filming vehicle that saw three crew members injured, at least one of them seriously.


Premise: Who decided Ukraine's official language?

Hypothesis: On the same day The Congregation of the Church of the Transfiguration in Lviv left the Russian Orthodox Church and proclaimed itself the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.


Premise: Who lost the battle of Cowpens?

Hypothesis: Following General Daniel Morgan's victory over the British Cavalry Commander Banastre Tarleton at the Battle of Cowpens on January 17, 1781, southern commander Nathanael Greene led British Lord Charles Cornwallis across the heartland of North Carolina, and away from the latter's base of supply in Charleston, South Carolina.


Premise: The primary obstacle to the eradication of cyber crime is the excessive reliance on what?

Hypothesis: As result, as Reuters points out: "Companies for the first time report they are losing more through electronic theft of data than physical stealing of assets".


Premise: Of what city was he bishop?

Hypothesis: Saint Athanasius of Alexandria (/ˌæθəˈneɪʃəs/; Greek: Ἀθανάσιος Ἀλεξανδρείας, Athanásios Alexandrías; c. 296–298 – 2 May 373), also called Athanasius the Great, Athanasius the Confessor or, primarily in the Coptic Orthodox Church, Athanasius the Apostolic, was the twentieth bishop of Alexandria (as Athanasius I).


Premise: Poland and other European countries could not defend against what?

Hypothesis: Fixed AA defences, using HAA and LAA, were established by the Army in key overseas places, notably Malta, Suez Canal and Singapore.


Premise: How do conversion factors compare in "low-field" and "high-field" methods of measuring the gyromagnetic ratio?

Hypothesis: Only the high-field value Γ′p-90(hi) is of interest in determining the Planck constant.


Premise: What was the name of Beyoncé's European start that started in November 2003?

Hypothesis: In November 2003, she embarked on the Dangerously in Love Tour in Europe and later toured alongside Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys for the Verizon Ladies First Tour in North America.


Premise: What does the body interpret from the gene feedback loop?

Hypothesis: A defect in the human homologue of the Drosophila "period" gene was identified as a cause of the sleep disorder FASPS (Familial advanced sleep phase syndrome), underscoring the conserved nature of the molecular circadian clock through evolution.


Premise: What are the people from the Balkans who emigrated to Turkey called?

Hypothesis: These people are called Muhacir.


Premise: How long have the boundaries of somerset remained constant

Hypothesis: Bristol began as a town on the Gloucestershire side of the Avon, however as it grew it extended across the river into Somerset.


Premise: What is a variation of black-box testing?

Hypothesis: The data being passed can be considered as "message packets" and the range or data types can be checked, for data generated from one unit, and tested for validity before being passed into another unit.


Premise: Which disc did Reprise release in 78 rpm format?

Hypothesis: In 1968, Reprise planned to release a series of 78 rpm singles from their artists on their label at the time, called the Reprise Speed Series.


Premise: How much were the vouchers worth that Nintendo sent out?

Hypothesis: Nintendo and the FTC settled the case in April 1991, with Nintendo required to send vouchers giving a $5 discount off to a new game, to every person that had purchased a NES title between June 1988 and December 1990.


Premise: The American Declaration of Independence is similar to what?

Hypothesis: The framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces, as Federalist No. 20, by James Madison, shows.


Premise: What are some forms of corruption now  called?

Hypothesis: A similar problem of corruption arises in any institution that depends on financial support from people who have interests that may conflict with the primary purpose of the institution.


Premise: What is the name of the Midrash compilation?

Hypothesis: In the Midrash compilation, Genesis Rabbah, Rabbi Berechiah mentions Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah as German tribes or as German lands.


Premise: What dish is commonly considered to be penultimate culinary achievement in New Haven?

Hypothesis: New Haven's greatest culinary claim to fame may be its pizza, which has been claimed to be among the best in the country, or even in the world.


Premise: Which property was vitamin B found to have?

Hypothesis: In 1919, Sir Edward Mellanby incorrectly identified rickets as a vitamin A deficiency because he could cure it in dogs with cod liver oil.


Premise: What was the nickname of bombs used in streets and residential areas?

Hypothesis: Special units, such as KGr 100, became the Beleuchtergruppe (Firelighter Group), which used incendiaries and high explosive to mark the target area.


Premise: In what year did "Notre Dame Victory March" get copyrighted?

Hypothesis: The "Notre Dame Victory March" is the fight song for the University of Notre Dame.


Premise: Heian-kyo is now what present-day city?

Hypothesis: The Heian period was preceded by the Nara period and began in 794 A.D after the movement of the capital of Japan to Heian-kyō (present day Kyōto京都), by the 50th emperor, Emperor Kanmu.


Premise: What does Polyphonic mean?

Hypothesis: Polyphonic (multi-voiced) music developed from monophonic chant throughout the late Middle Ages and into the Renaissance, including the more complex voicings of motets.


Premise: What years do Polybius books cover?

Hypothesis: While a few fragments exist, there is no surviving historical work which dates to the hundred years following Alexander's death.


Premise: Why didn't LaserDiscs become popular in North America?

Hypothesis: The format was more popular in Japan than in North America because prices were kept low to ensure adoption, resulting in minimal price differences between VHS tapes and the higher quality LaserDiscs, helping ensure that it quickly became the dominant consumer video format in Japan.


Premise: In which countries did the British Isles provide most of the founding settlers?

Hypothesis: Millions left the British Isles, with the founding settler populations of the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand coming mainly from Britain and Ireland.


Premise: What is one large determining factor in normative adolescent behavior?

Hypothesis: The extent to which an adolescent is expected to share family responsibilities is one large determining factor in normative adolescent behavior.


Premise: How many engines did the C-X75 originally have?

Hypothesis: The C-X75s used for filming were developed by the engineering division of Formula One racing team Williams, who built the original C-X75 prototype for Jaguar.


Premise: How long did it take for scientists to stop using the narrow definition of symbiosis?

Hypothesis: After 130 years of debate, current biology and ecology textbooks now use the latter "de Bary" definition or an even broader definition (where symbiosis means all species interactions), with the restrictive definition no longer used (in other words, symbiosis means mutualism).


Premise: How many jurists are in the Guardian Council?

Hypothesis: The Guardian Council comprises twelve jurists including six appointed by the Supreme Leader.


Premise: What factor would result in a desired feedback independence?

Hypothesis: While this may affect the choice of an antenna, an antenna's impedance can also be adapted to the desired impedance level of a system using a matching network while maintaining the other characteristics (except for a possible loss of efficiency).


Premise: When did the Indus Valley Civilization thrive on the Indian subcontinent?

Hypothesis: This civilization collapsed at the start of the second millennium BCE and was later followed by the Iron Age Vedic Civilization, which extended over much of the Indo-Gangetic plain and which witnessed the rise of major polities known as the Mahajanapadas.


Premise: Besides the acceptance of Christianity, what other religious cults were tolerated?

Hypothesis: Constantine successfully balanced his own role as an instrument of the pax deorum with the power of the Christian priesthoods in determining what was (in traditional Roman terms) auspicious - or in Christian terms, what was orthodox.


Premise: What happened at Verdingkinder auctions?

Hypothesis: There were even Verdingkinder auctions where children were handed over to the farmer asking the least amount of money from the authorities, thus securing cheap labour for his farm and relieving the authority from the financial burden of looking after the children.


Premise: What was Whitehead's final book on mathematics?

Hypothesis: A Treatise on Universal Algebra (1898), Principia Mathematica (co-written with Bertrand Russell and published in three volumes between 1910 and 1913), and An Introduction to Mathematics (1911).


Premise: In which year was Pelayos proclaimed king?

Hypothesis: In the process, after defeating the Moors in the Battle of Covadonga in 722 AD, Pelayos was proclaimed king, thus founding the Christian Kingdom of Asturias and starting the war of Christian reconquest known in Portuguese as the Reconquista Cristã.


Premise: What did Lincoln do well in the war?

Hypothesis: Its soldiers, especially those in the East under the command of General Robert E. Lee proved highly resourceful until they finally were overwhelmed by Generals Ulysses S. Grant and William T. Sherman in 1864–65, The Reconstruction Era (1863–77) began with the Emancipation proclamation in 1863, and included freedom, full citizenship and the vote for the Southern blacks.


Premise: What blocks the Siboglinidae's gut?

Hypothesis: However, in members of the tube-dwelling family Siboglinidae the gut is blocked by a swollen lining that houses symbiotic bacteria, which can make up 15% of the worms' total weight.


Premise: Outside of the private business regulations, what was the other aim of the Civil Rights Act?

Hypothesis: It aimed not only to integrate public facilities, but also private businesses that sold to the public, such as motels, restaurants, theaters, and gas stations.


Premise: What is the state's first school of medicine?

Hypothesis: The city has several major hospitals located in the downtown area: Medical University of South Carolina Medical Center (MUSC), Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, and Roper Hospital.


Premise: What form does Link take in the Twilight Realm?

Hypothesis: When Link enters the Twilight Realm, the void that corrupts parts of Hyrule, he transforms into a wolf.[h]


Premise: What was the name of the settlement founded by the Pilgrim Fathers?

Hypothesis: In 1620 the Pilgrim Fathers set sail for the New World from Plymouth, establishing Plymouth Colony – the second English colony in what is now the United States of America.


Premise: Which philosopher believed that the Enlightenment was ultimately born out of Protestant reaction against the Catholic counter-reformation?

Hypothesis: Russell said that the Enlightenment was ultimately born out of the Protestant reaction against the Catholic counter-reformation, and that philosophical views such as affinity for democracy against monarchy originated among 16th-century Protestants to justify their desire to break away from the Catholic Church.


Premise: What is the average rainfall in Bissau, in millimetres?

Hypothesis: The average rainfall for Bissau is 2,024 millimetres (79.7 in) although this is almost entirely accounted for during the rainy season which falls between June and September/October.


Premise: What are intraguild predators?

Hypothesis: Intraguild predators are those that kill and eat other predators of different species at the same trophic level, and thus that are potential competitors.


Premise: What type of boards undergo the etch-back process?

Hypothesis: On high reliability boards a process called etch-back is performed chemically with a potassium permanganate based etchant or plasma.


Premise: What would you call a magistrate who had his powers of imperium continued?

Hypothesis: In effect, they would retain the powers of the office (as a promagistrate), without officially holding that office.


Premise: When was federalism put into place?

Hypothesis: The descent of the United States into Civil War in the mid-nineteenth century, over disputes about unallocated competences concerning slavery and ultimately the right of secession, showed this.


Premise: In what century had mills such as gristmills and sawmills dominate the Islamic world?

Hypothesis: The industrial uses of watermills in the Islamic world date back to the 7th century, while horizontal-wheeled and vertical-wheeled water mills were both in widespread use since at least the 9th century.


Premise: How do New York, Illinois and California maintain civil procedure laws?

Hypothesis: New York, Illinois, and California are the most significant states that have not adopted the FRCP.


Premise: What is the shorter form of Al-Shifa called?

Hypothesis: A shorter form of the work is known as the An-najat (Liberatio).


Premise: By what year did the Qin armies finish their conquest of Shu and Ba?

Hypothesis: Qin armies finished their conquest of the kingdoms of Shu and Ba by 316 BC.


Premise: What former Tucson horse racetrack no longer exists?

Hypothesis: The Moltacqua racetrack, was another historic horse racetrack located on what is now Sabino Canyon Road and Vactor Ranch Trail, but it no longer exists.


Premise: In what type of neighborhoods did the occur especially?

Hypothesis: During the war, the Paris National Guard, particularly in the working-class neighbourhoods of Paris, had become highly politicised and units elected officers; many refused to wear uniforms or obey commands from the national government.


Premise: What does the treaty set Antarctica aside as?

Hypothesis: It set aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve, established freedom of scientific investigation and environmental protection, and banned military activity on Antarctica.


Premise: What city is North America's biggest media market?

Hypothesis: New York City is additionally a center for the advertising, music, newspaper, digital media, and publishing industries and is also the largest media market in North America.


Premise: What country outside Ireland is known for having Irish pubs?

Hypothesis: New Zealand sports a number of Irish pubs.


Premise: Who put out the torch along the route for protection?

Hypothesis: The torch was extinguished by Chinese security officials several times during the Paris leg for security reasons, and once in protest in Paris.


Premise: What did the banning of the two dialects  include?

Hypothesis: Few young people speak Alsatian today, although there do still exist one or two enclaves in the Sundgau region where some older inhabitants cannot speak French, and where Alsatian is still used as the mother tongue.


Premise: Which 2000 presidential candidate was a former US Senator from Tennessee?

Hypothesis: In the 2000 presidential election, Vice President Al Gore, a former Democratic U.S. Senator from Tennessee, failed to carry his home state, an unusual occurrence but indicative of strengthening Republican support.


Premise: How did Internet hunting allow people to hunt?

Hypothesis: Sitting at your desk in front of your computer, clicking at a mouse, has nothing to do with hunting."


Premise: What are P roads, those that carry traffic between all major towns in Eritrea?

Hypothesis: Roads that are considered primary roads are those that are fully asphalted (throughout their entire length) and in general they carry traffic between all the major towns in Eritrea.


Premise: What two things must be considered in regards to the projectile and target?

Hypothesis: The critical issue is to hit a target moving in three-dimensional space; an attack must not only match these three coordinates, but must do so at the time the target is at that position.


Premise: Which artistic principle was innovated by Brunelleschi?

Hypothesis: The period saw several important technical innovations, like the principle of linear perspective found in the work of Masaccio, and later described by Brunelleschi.


Premise: What kind of toilet did Bell work on?

Hypothesis: At his Canadian estate in Nova Scotia, he experimented with composting toilets and devices to capture water from the atmosphere.


Premise: Who did the Japanese form their military  forces after?

Hypothesis: The French government contributed greatly to the training of Japanese officers.


Premise: What does H-e stand for?

Hypothesis: In human terms, the human equivalent (H-e) (Human energy conversion) indicates, for a given amount of energy expenditure, the relative quantity of energy needed for human metabolism, assuming an average human energy expenditure of 12,500 kJ per day and a basal metabolic rate of 80 watts.


Premise: What character in The Great Gatsby wrote editorials for the Yale News?

Hypothesis: Yale University also is featured in F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel "The Great Gatsby".


Premise: In what town does the FaleTuamasaga conduct business?

Hypothesis: This is also the same for the other districts.


Premise: In England, which arm would generally show two distinct sections, choir and presbytery?

Hypothesis: In England it is generally long and may have two distinct sections, both choir and presbytery.


Premise: Where was Queen's 2006 London production held?

Hypothesis: The original London production was scheduled to close on Saturday, 7 October 2006, at the Dominion Theatre, but due to public demand, the show ran until May 2014.


Premise: In what year did the Marshall Islands gain official recognition by the major European nations?

Hypothesis: In World War I the Empire of Japan occupied the Marshall Islands, which in 1919 the League of Nations combined with other former German territories to form the South Pacific Mandate.


Premise: What faults in the Iraqi forces led to their rapid defeat?

Hypothesis: Over 6 weeks of relentless pounding by planes and helicopters, the Iraqi army was almost completely beaten but did not retreat, under orders from Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, and by the time the ground forces invaded on 24 February, many Iraqi troops quickly surrendered to forces much smaller than their own; in one instance, Iraqi forces attempted to surrender to a television camera crew that was advancing with coalition forces.


Premise: What Jewish affiliation did his parents hold?

Hypothesis: He also stated "To select, for approbation the peculiar elements that come from some supposedly Jewish heredity is to open the door to all kinds of nonsense on racial theory," and adding "... at thirteen I was not only converted to other religious views, but I also stopped believing that the Jewish people are in any way 'the chosen people'."


Premise: Who is the person that established Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: The Nizami influence can still be seen in the culture of the Hyderabadi Muslims.


Premise: In what year did iTunes 7 launch, along with a plethora of additional games?

Hypothesis: Additional games have since been added.


Premise: What in the use of Sanskrit has influenced Sino-Tibetan languages?

Hypothesis: Sanskrit has also influenced Sino-Tibetan languages through the spread of Buddhist texts in translation.


Premise: To what language group does Old English belong?

Hypothesis: Old English is one of the West Germanic languages, and its closest relatives are Old Frisian and Old Saxon.


Premise: How many Namibian students were recorded in 1998 in secondary schools?

Hypothesis: In 1998, there were 400,325 Namibian students in primary school and 115,237 students in secondary schools.


Premise: How many councillors are assigned to each ward in Southampton?

Hypothesis: Southampton City Council consists of 48 councillors, 3 for each of the 16 wards.


Premise: Are squabs treated differently from other piegons by humans aside from consumption?

Hypothesis: By this time, the adult pigeons will have laid and be incubating another pair of eggs and a prolific pair should produce two squabs every four weeks during a breeding season lasting several months.


Premise: What does Fitna mean?

Hypothesis: Marwan I and other people who wanted conflict manipulated everyone to fight.


Premise: What island was once a part of Long Island?

Hypothesis: Later on, the ice sheet would help split apart what are now Long Island and Staten Island.


Premise: Where was Kerry injured?

Hypothesis: During this encounter, Kerry received a shrapnel wound in the left arm above the elbow.


Premise: At the time of the Han dynasty where would one fine the color Red?

Hypothesis: Each Emperor chose the color that his fortune-tellers believed would bring the most prosperity and good fortune to his reign.


Premise: How many Estonian museums existed in 2010?

Hypothesis: The Estonian Academy of Arts (Estonian: Eesti Kunstiakadeemia, EKA) is providing higher education in art, design, architecture, media, art history and conservation while Viljandi Culture Academy of University of Tartu has an approach to popularise native culture through such curricula as native construction, native blacksmithing, native textile design, traditional handicraft and traditional music, but also jazz and church music.


Premise: Companies did what in an effort to circumvent Nintendo's console authentication?

Hypothesis: Several companies, refusing to pay the licensing fee or having been rejected by Nintendo, found ways to circumvent the console's authentication system.


Premise: In what year did a Golden Bull make the king of Bohemia first among the imperial electors?

Hypothesis: The Holy Roman Empire passed to the Habsburgs in 1438, where it remained until its dissolution in 1806.


Premise: Who was nominated for President during the 1964 Democratic National Convention?

Hypothesis: Many felt that the friendship between Johnson and Governor of New Jersey Richard J. Hughes led Atlantic City to host the Democratic Convention.


Premise: How much of Dell's revenue was its PC division?

Hypothesis: Despite spending $13 billion on acquisitions to diversify its portfolio beyond hardware, the company was unable to convince the market that it could thrive or made the transformation in the post-PC world, as it suffered continued declines in revenue and share price.


Premise: What did Great Britain control?

Hypothesis: Great Britain controlled various colonial holdings in East Africa that spanned the length of the African continent from Egypt in the north to South Africa.


Premise: What abolished Valencia's ancient charters?

Hypothesis: Philip ordered the Cortes to meet with the Viceroy of Valencia, Cardinal Luis de Belluga, who opposed the change of capital because of the proximity of Orihuela, a religious, cultural and now political centre, to Murcia (capital of another viceroyalty and his diocese).


Premise: What does Ronald Dworkin believe admission should represent?

Hypothesis: In this view, admission is not an honor bestowed to reward superior merit but rather a way to advance the mission as each university defines it.


Premise: When was the first time Liszt and Chopin performed together?

Hypothesis: The first, on 2 April 1833, was at a benefit concert organized by Hector Berlioz for his bankrupt Shakespearean actress wife Harriet Smithson, during which they played George Onslow's Sonata in F minor for piano duet.


Premise: What was the preferred wood for construction in Medieval Europe?

Hypothesis: Wood to be used for construction work is commonly known as lumber in North America.


Premise: What type of excercise has shown the best benefit for the brain?

Hypothesis: Physical exercise, particularly continuous aerobic exercises such as running, cycling and swimming, has many cognitive benefits and effects on the brain.


Premise: Who criticizes Hayek's ability to provide specific facts?

Hypothesis: Diamond argued that: “The human mind, Hayek says, is not just limited in its ability to synthesize a vast array of concrete facts, it is also limited in its ability to give a deductively sound ground to ethics.


Premise: What proportion of Estonian Russians see themselves as different from their Russian counterparts?

Hypothesis: According to surveys, only 5% of the Russian community have considered returning to Russia in the near future.


Premise: Which two teams would you normally separate when writing and testing software?

Hypothesis: In the current culture of software development, a testing organization may be separate from the development team.


Premise: How many schools are in Boston?

Hypothesis: The Boston Public Schools enrolls 57,000 students attending 145 schools, including the renowned Boston Latin Academy, John D. O'Bryant School of Math & Science, and Boston Latin School.


Premise: The Orlov Revolt took place in what year?

Hypothesis: When military conflicts broke out between the Ottoman Empire and other states, Greeks usually took arms against the Empire, with few exceptions.


Premise: What was the lowest class of Roman citizens?

Hypothesis: Most others were plebeians, the lowest class of Roman citizens.


Premise: What method of voting does Norfolk Island use for it's Assembly?

Hypothesis: The Assembly consisted of nine seats, with electors casting nine equal votes, of which no more than two could be given to any individual candidate.


Premise: Who signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act?

Hypothesis: On 16 March 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, which requires an annual stamp purchase by all hunters over the age of sixteen.


Premise: Why might Mandarin and Cantonese not be regarded as dialects?

Hypothesis: Romansh came to be a written language, and therefore it is recognized as a language, even though it is very close to the Lombardic alpine dialects.


Premise: What modern country contains regions in which Plantagenet kings controlled large domains?

Hypothesis: At the end of the 12th century, Europe was divided into a multitude of city states and kingdoms.


Premise: What geographical portion of Connecticut is linked to New York via highway?

Hypothesis: New York City also has an extensive web of expressways and parkways, which link the city's boroughs to each other as well as to northern New Jersey, Westchester County, Long Island, and southwestern Connecticut through various bridges and tunnels.


Premise: What obsticals will migrating birds avoid?

Hypothesis: Most migrations begin with the birds starting off in a broad front.


Premise: When did his reign end?

Hypothesis: General Francisco Franco — himself a Galician from Ferrol — ruled as dictator from the civil war until his death in 1975.


Premise: How far from Valencia is the Albufera?

Hypothesis: The Albufera, a freshwater lagoon and estuary about 11 km (7 mi) south of the city, is one of the largest lakes in Spain.


Premise: What is the Australian Aboriginal expression that indicates a very cold night?

Hypothesis: Humans would also have derived enormous benefit from the dogs associated with their camps.


Premise: Who played Han Solo?

Hypothesis: The archaeologist and adventurer hero Indiana Jones was played by Harrison Ford (whom Lucas had previously cast in his Star Wars films as Han Solo).


Premise: About how many feet above sea level is Kathmandu?

Hypothesis: The average elevation is 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) above sea level.


Premise: How many main viewpoints divide many philosophers?

Hypothesis: Two distinct viewpoints on time divide many prominent philosophers.


Premise: Huge much light does a 13 W compact fluorescent lamp produce equivalent to a incandescent light bulb.

Hypothesis: A wax candle produces on the close order of 13 lumens, a 60 watt incandescent lamp makes around 700 lumens, and a 15-watt compact fluorescent lamp produces about 800 lumens, but actual output varies by specific design.


Premise: Is it true that the first Cubist picture is The Demoiselles?

Hypothesis: Cooper goes on to say: "The Demoiselles is generally referred to as the first Cubist picture.


Premise: What stopped after the death of Sigismund II Augustus?

Hypothesis: Every newly elected king was supposed to sign two documents—the Pacta conventa ("agreed pacts")—a confirmation of the king's pre-election promises, and Henrican articles (artykuły henrykowskie, named after the first freely elected king, Henry of Valois).


Premise: When did Israel host and win the Asian Nations Cup?

Hypothesis: The 1974 Asian Games held in Tehran, were the last Asian Games in which Israel participated, and was plagued by the Arab countries which refused to compete with Israel, and Israel since ceased competing in Asian competitions.


Premise: Who commissioned the change of the typeface of The Times in 1931?

Hypothesis: The Times stayed with Times New Roman for 40 years, but new production techniques and the format change from broadsheet to tabloid in 2004 have caused the newspaper to switch font five times since 1972.


Premise: Where is ornament typically not found in Georgian architecture?

Hypothesis: Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior.


Premise: How would you say "sons" in Dutch?

Hypothesis: However, even if not considered part of the phonemic opposition, the long/tense vowels are still realised as phonetically longer than their short counterparts.


Premise: When was Torii Mototada born?

Hypothesis: As was custom, Torii vowed that he would not be taken alive.


Premise: Where was the Observer Corps based?

Hypothesis: From the early 1930s eight countries developed radar, these developments were sufficiently advanced by the late 1930s for development work on sound locating acoustic devices to be generally halted, although equipment was retained.


Premise: Who did colonists ask for help in returning runaway slaves?

Hypothesis: European colonists created treaties with Indigenous American tribes requesting the return of any runaway slaves.


Premise: Where did Von Neumann begin to lecture in 1928?

Hypothesis: Von Neumann's habilitation was completed on December 13, 1927, and he started his lectures as a privatdozent at the University of Berlin in 1928.


Premise: What was Bell's reward for his dehusking machine?

Hypothesis: Young Bell asked what needed to be done at the mill.


Premise: Which authorities fielded complaints from TIto about protesters?

Hypothesis: During a visit to the United Nations in the late 1970s emigrants shouted "Tito murderer" outside his New York hotel, for which he protested to United States authorities.


Premise: Which is the tallest building in Ann Arbor?

Hypothesis: The 19th-century buildings and streetscape of the Old West Side neighborhood have been preserved virtually intact; in 1972, the district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and it is further protected by city ordinances and a nonprofit preservation group.


Premise: What led sociologist like Stuart and Raymond to focus on class relations and the organization of production?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, they saw patterns of consumption and leisure as determined by relations of production, which led them to focus on class relations and the organization of production.


Premise: What four areas have not been established as CDPs by the Census Bureau?

Hypothesis: CDPs have not been established for these areas by the United States Census Bureau, except that seven CDPs were established for the Ketchikan-area neighborhoods in the 1980 Census (Clover Pass, Herring Cove, Ketchikan East, Mountain Point, North Tongass Highway, Pennock Island and Saxman East), but have not been used since.


Premise: What country had the second most elevators installed?

Hypothesis: As of January 2008, Spain is the nation with the most elevators installed in the world, with 950,000 elevators installed that run more than one hundred million lifts every day, followed by United States with 700,000 elevators installed and China with 610,000 elevators installed since 1949.


Premise: What ethic group grew in the 20th century?

Hypothesis: Around the start of the 20th century, a growing population of Asian Americans lived in or near Santa Monica and Venice.


Premise: What was the intended purpose of the miniature mosaic icons?

Hypothesis: A striking technical innovation of the Komnenian period was the production of very precious, miniature mosaic icons.


Premise: What subtype of clitellates contains leeches?

Hypothesis: For many years there was no clear arrangement of the approximately 80 polychaete families into higher-level groups.


Premise: What did the Sunday Times estimate Elizabeth's fortune to be in 2015?

Hypothesis: The Sunday Times Rich List 2015 estimated her private wealth at £340 million, making her the 302nd richest person in the UK.


Premise: What was proclaimed the state religion under Theodosius I?

Hypothesis: I, Nicene Christianity became the official state religion of the Roman Empire.


Premise: What characteristic was Pliny the Elder the first to recognize about amber?

Hypothesis: He was also the first to recognise that amber was a fossilized resin from pine trees because he had seen samples with trapped insects within them.


Premise: Who coined the term "the Age of Academies" to describe the 18th century?

Hypothesis: In reference to this growth, Bernard de Fontenelle coined the term "the Age of Academies" to describe the 18th century.


Premise: In what month and year did TCM Remembers premiere?

Hypothesis: Every December, a longer, more inclusive "TCM Remembers" interstitial is produced that honors all of the noted film personalities who died during the past year, interspersed with scenes from settings such as an abandoned drive-in (2012) or a theatre which is closing down and is being dismantled (2013).


Premise: Why didn't LaserDiscs become popular in North America?

Hypothesis: LaserDisc did not have high market penetration in North America due to the high cost of the players and discs, which were far more expensive than VHS players and tapes, and due to marketplace confusion with the technologically inferior CED, which also went by the name Videodisc.


Premise: How many clubs entered in 2005-06?

Hypothesis: In 2005–06 this increased to 674 entrants, in 2006–07 to 687, in 2007–08 to 731 clubs, and for the 2008–09 and 2009–10 competitions it reached 762.


Premise: Who complained about how Kerry ran the State Dept?

Hypothesis: Career State Department officials have complained that power has become too centralized under Kerry's leadership, which slows department operations when Kerry is on one of his frequent overseas trips.


Premise: Does a sassafras tree typically have a thin or thick sapwood layer?

Hypothesis: Thin sapwood is characteristic of such species as chestnut, black locust, mulberry, osage-orange, and sassafras, while in maple, ash, hickory, hackberry, beech, and pine, thick sapwood is the rule.


Premise: Iran's landscape is dominated by what geographical feature?

Hypothesis: It is one of the world's most mountainous countries, its landscape dominated by rugged mountain ranges that separate various basins or plateaux from one another.


Premise: From when are the  first impressions of the visually displayed language ?

Hypothesis: The earliest known inscriptions in the Burmese script date from the 11th century.


Premise: In what year did the Greeks take Tripolitsa?

Hypothesis: By the end of the month, the Peloponnese was in open revolt against the Ottomans and by October 1821 the Greeks under Theodoros Kolokotronis had captured Tripolitsa.


Premise: How many people attended a Broadway show in the 2013-4 season?

Hypothesis: Forty of the city's theaters, with more than 500 seats each, are collectively known as Broadway, after the major thoroughfare that crosses the Times Square Theater District, sometimes referred to as "The Great White Way".


Premise: What actor performed the role of Archie Bunker?

Hypothesis: The character Archie Bunker from the 1970s sitcom All in the Family (played by Carroll O'Connor) was a notable example of having used this pattern of speech, which continues to fade in its overall presence.


Premise: What did the United States Geological Survey show as the amount of displacement?

Hypothesis: The earthquake generated deformations of the surface greater than 3 meters and increased the stress (and probability of occurrence of future events) at the northeastern and southwestern ends of the fault.


Premise: In 2012 Fortune ranked the largest US firms by number employees, what was IBMs rank?

Hypothesis: In 2012, Fortune ranked IBM the second largest U.S. firm in terms of number of employees (435,000 worldwide), the fourth largest in terms of market capitalization, the ninth most profitable, and the nineteenth largest firm in terms of revenue.


Premise: Which organization oversees amateur Canadian football?

Hypothesis: Amateur football is governed by Football Canada.


Premise: What controversy currently surrounds the Rus?

Hypothesis: Controversy persists over whether the Rus’ were Varangians (Vikings) or Slavs.


Premise: When was the Nanjing Railway Station originally constructed?

Hypothesis: Nanjing Railway Station was first built in 1968.


Premise: How long can endospores of bacteria stay alive in dormant state?

Hypothesis: In this dormant state, these organisms may remain viable for millions of years, and endospores even allow bacteria to survive exposure to the vacuum and radiation in space.


Premise: How many frets did the Lombardi have?

Hypothesis: There were 20 frets, covering three octaves, with an additional 5 notes.


Premise: What is Islamic religion traditionally considered as far as theology is concerned?

Hypothesis: Because Islamic education has epistemological integration which is founded on Tawhid - Oneness or monotheism.


Premise: From what source was raw cotton first bought and later resold?

Hypothesis: Before the development of cotton gins, the cotton fibers had to be pulled from the seeds tediously by hand.


Premise: When does Seattle want to be rated as a climate neutral city?

Hypothesis: Though it was affected by the Great Recession, Seattle has retained a comparatively strong economy, and remains a hotbed for start-up businesses, especially in green building and clean technologies: it was ranked as America's No. 1 "smarter city" based on its government policies and green economy.


Premise: Who helped tell the 1992 New York Times story about Feynman?

Hypothesis: In a 1992 New York Times article on Feynman and his legacy, James Gleick recounts the story of how Murray Gell-Mann described what has become known as "The Feynman Algorithm" or "The Feynman Problem-Solving Algorithm" to a student: "The student asks Gell-Mann about Feynman's notes.


Premise: What Calvinist doctrine is focuses on salvation?

Hypothesis: Methodism is traditionally low church in liturgy, although this varies greatly between individual congregations; the Wesleys themselves greatly valued the Anglican liturgy and tradition.


Premise: Where are the dining facilities called?

Hypothesis: The most common tent uses for the military are as temporary barracks (sleeping quarters), DFAC buildings (dining facilities), forward operating bases (FOBs), after action review (AAR), tactical operations center (TOC), morale, welfare, and recreation (MWR) facilities, and security checkpoints.


Premise: Who goaded the French into war by editing a telegram sent by William I?

Hypothesis: The immediate cause of the war resided in the candidacy of a Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, a Prussian prince, to the throne of Spain.


Premise: Who said it Archuletta's rendition is one that she will never forget?

Hypothesis: Jennifer Lopez, who was brought in as a judge in season ten, called it a beautiful song-moment that she will never forget.


Premise: How many kindergarten classes were there?

Hypothesis: There were 89 kindergarten classes with a total of 1,641 pupils in the municipality.


Premise: What was the Naval Air Station Bermuda originally?

Hypothesis: For many years, Bermuda's bases were used by US Air Force transport and refuelling aircraft and by US Navy aircraft patrolling the Atlantic for enemy submarines, first German and, later, Soviet.


Premise: Why did the temporary cessation of game broadcasts occur?

Hypothesis: Briefly, the games were broadcast on a tape delay to prevent the embarrassment that would result should the players stage a work stoppage immediately prior to a scheduled broadcast.


Premise: Where did Chris Jericho win in 2008?

Hypothesis: At NXT TakeOver: Rival in 2015, the referee stopped the match when Sami Zayn could not defend himself due to an injury sustained against Kevin Owens for the NXT Championship.


Premise: When were the deported Estonians allowed to return?

Hypothesis: Half the deported perished, and the other half were not allowed to return until the early 1960s (years after Stalin's death).[citation needed]


Premise: What city had the second highest ParkScore rating?

Hypothesis: ParkScore ranks urban park systems by a formula that analyzes median park size, park acres as percent of city area, the percent of city residents within a half-mile of a park, spending of park services per resident, and the number of playgrounds per 10,000 residents.


Premise: What theorized that time and energy can be measured?

Hypothesis: This theory helped refine the predictions of his earlier formulated Dirac equation, and successfully predicted the existence of the positron, confirmed two years later.


Premise: Who annexed Armenia?

Hypothesis: With this annexation, the Treaty of Alexandropol was superseded by the Turkish-Soviet Treaty of Kars.


Premise: What was the name of the interface front-end introduced by Comcast in 2007?

Hypothesis: Comcast announced in May 2007 and launched in September 2008 a dashboard called SmartZone.


Premise: A collection of miners, maps and mining equipment all belonged to what entity?

Hypothesis: Prince Albert was a patron and supporter of the later developments in science teaching, which led to the Royal College of Chemistry becoming part of the Royal School of Mines, to the creation of the Royal College of Science and eventually to these institutions becoming part of his plan for South Kensington being an educational region.


Premise: What did the Bermuda u/19 team win?

Hypothesis: The Bermuda Rugby Union team won the 2011 Caribbean championships, defeating Guyana in the final.


Premise: Why were different East Asian races divided in 1890 Census?

Hypothesis: For 1890, the Census Office changed the design of the population questionnaire.


Premise: Why was this a unique decision?

Hypothesis: The League's decision to assign broadcasting rights to BSkyB in 1992 was at the time a radical decision, but one that has paid off.


Premise: Josef Kolmaš  states that Tibet became subject to what government?

Hypothesis: Josef Kolmaš, a sinologist, Tibetologist, and Professor of Oriental Studies at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, writes that it was during the Qing dynasty "that developments took place on the basis of which Tibet came to be considered an organic part of China, both practically and theoretically subject to the Chinese central government."


Premise: What did Whitehead claim God would be without the world?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, he sees God as permanent but as deficient in actuality and change: alone, God is merely eternally unrealized possibilities, and requires the world to actualize them.


Premise: What do neurophysiologists study?

Hypothesis: Because the brain does not contain pain receptors, it is possible using these techniques to record brain activity from animals that are awake and behaving without causing distress.


Premise: What branch of the military did Kerry join?

Hypothesis: Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War.


Premise: What organization did Servius Tullius found?

Hypothesis: The benevolent, divinely fathered Servius Tullius established the Latin League, its Aventine Temple to Diana, and the Compitalia to mark his social reforms.


Premise: What does the Sahara have little of?

Hypothesis: The central part of the Sahara is hyperarid, with little to no vegetation.


Premise: In what month of 1838 was stone laid for the foundation of the Southampton docks?

Hypothesis: In October 1838 the foundation stone of the docks was laid and the first dock opened in 1842.


Premise: How fast is the new SuperSpeed bus data signaling rate?

Hypothesis: Communication is full-duplex in SuperSpeed transfer mode; in the modes supported previously, by 1.x and 2.0, communication is half-duplex, with direction controlled by the host.


Premise: What nation provided the most legal immigrants to New York City in the Caribbean?

Hypothesis: Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, and Brazil were the top source countries from South America for legal immigrants to the New York City region in 2013; the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean; Egypt, Ghana, and Nigeria from Africa; and El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala in Central America.


Premise: What was Queen Victoria's mother's official title?

Hypothesis: In 1818 he married Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, a widowed German princess with two children—Carl (1804–1856) and


Premise: When did Russia experience territorial growth?

Hypothesis: In 1648, the peasants of Ukraine joined the Zaporozhian Cossacks in rebellion against Poland-Lithuania during the Khmelnytsky Uprising, because of the social and religious oppression they suffered under Polish rule.


Premise: In relation to the sampling frequency, the frequency reproduction is strictly how much less?

Hypothesis: Because of the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem, frequency reproduction is always strictly less than half of the sampling frequency, and imperfect filters requires a larger margin for error (noise level versus sharpness of filter), so 8 kHz sampling rate limits the maximum frequency to 4 kHz, while 48 kHz maximum sampling rate limits an MP3 to 24 kHz sound reproduction.


Premise: What is the entrance of the ancient Roman tunnel where "Virgil's tomb" is located also called?

Hypothesis: While Virgil was already the object of literary admiration and veneration before his death, in the Middle Ages his name became associated with miraculous powers, and for a couple of centuries his tomb was the destination of pilgrimages and veneration.


Premise: What town is the Q Inn located in?

Hypothesis: The Old 13th Cheshire Rifleman Corps Inn and the Q Inn.


Premise: Where is the Sangzao Middle School?

Hypothesis: Ye Zhiping, the principal of Sangzao Middle School in Sangzao, one of the largest in An County, has been credited with proactive action that spared the lives of all 2,323 pupils in attendance when the earthquake happened.


Premise: Why did the population of pigs and rabbits explode in New Zealand?

Hypothesis: The islands making up New Zealand originally had no land mammals apart from bats.


Premise: Who led global economic growth after the financial crisis?

Hypothesis: The International Monetary Fund found that "advanced" economies accounted for only 31% of global GDP while emerging and developing economies accounted for 69% of global GDP from 2007 to 2014.


Premise: What happens when Neptune goes retrograde?

Hypothesis: Because Neptune was only beginning its yearly retrograde cycle, the motion of the planet was far too slight to be detected with Galileo's small telescope.


Premise: By what company have the Lisbon tram services been supplies by?

Hypothesis: All major cities and towns have their own local urban transport network, as well as taxi services.


Premise: Why do monarchs sometimes wear red?

Hypothesis: People wearing red seem to be closer than those dressed in other colors, even if they are actually the same distance away.


Premise: How many candidates were sponsored in the 1900 electrion?

Hypothesis: The October 1900 "Khaki election" came too soon for the new party to campaign effectively; total expenses for the election only came to £33.


Premise: What does the abbreviation STOIC stand for?

Hypothesis: (formerly STOIC (Student Television of Imperial College)) is Imperial College Union's TV station, founded in 1969 and operated from a small TV studio in the Electrical Engineering block.


Premise: Why helps add an extra bounce to the floor?

Hypothesis: This provides a firm surface that provides extra bounce or spring when compressed, allowing gymnasts to achieve greater height and a softer landing after the composed skill.


Premise: What areas experience the most significant temperature variations?

Hypothesis: The climate in San Diego, like most of Southern California, often varies significantly over short geographical distances resulting in microclimates.


Premise: Inscriptions from what language were sometimes present on pub signs?

Hypothesis: Some pubs have Latin inscriptions.


Premise: Chinese troops attacked the UN forces when they crossed what river?

Hypothesis: North Korean forces struck massively in the summer of 1950 and nearly drove the outnumbered US and ROK defenders into the sea.


Premise: Which former contestant replaced Keith Urban for auditions in New York City?

Hypothesis: Randy Jackson did not return as the in-house mentor for this season.


Premise: Ethernet standards require what?

Hypothesis: This gives Ethernet a significant safety advantage over USB with peripherals such as cable and DSL modems connected to external wiring that can assume hazardous voltages under certain fault conditions.


Premise: When was his sister Ancilla diagnosed with stomach cancer?

Hypothesis: He could not keep that promise, as Ancilla died on 11 November 1953 at the time when he was consecrating a new church in Venice.


Premise: What type of infantry joined light, and the cavalry in battle?

Hypothesis: The heavy infantry of the maniples were supported by a number of light infantry and cavalry troops, typically 300 horsemen per manipular legion.


Premise: Along with Christians and Jews, what was a major non-Muslim religious group under the Umayyads?

Hypothesis: During the Umayyad period, the majority of people living within the caliphate were not Muslim, but Christian, Jewish, Zoroastrian, or members of other small groups.


Premise: What percentage of ownership did Morgan Stanley hold in Revel Entertainment Group?

Hypothesis: Revel was hindered with many problems, with the biggest setback to the company being in April 2010 when Morgan Stanley, the owner of 90% of Revel Entertainment Group, decided to discontinue funding for continued construction and put its stake in Revel up for sale.


Premise: What is the oldest university in the eastern Mediterranean?

Hypothesis: The Capodistrian University of Athens is the oldest university in the eastern Mediterranean.


Premise: When was the new idea for the purchasing of eurozone bonds announced?

Hypothesis: On 4 September 2014, the bank went further by announcing it would buy bonds and other debt instruments primarily from banks in a bid to boost the availability of credit for businesses.


Premise: Where did  Feynman find success before moving to quantum gravity

Hypothesis: The computational device that Feynman discovered then for gravity, "ghosts", which are "particles" in the interior of his diagrams that have the "wrong" connection between spin and statistics, have proved invaluable in explaining the quantum particle behavior of the Yang–Mills theories, for example, QCD and the electro-weak theory.


Premise: When did authorities break up the light bulb cartel?

Hypothesis: Early bulbs had a life of up to 2500 hours, but in 1924 a cartel agreed to limit life to 1000 hours.


Premise: What country had a strong copper production in 1000 AD

Hypothesis: Copper burial ornamentals from the 15th century have been uncovered, but the metal's commercial production did not start until the early 20th century.


Premise: What does the Champalimaud Foundation award every year?

Hypothesis: Among the largest non-state-run research institutions in Portugal are the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência and the Champalimaud Foundation, a neuroscience and oncology research centre, which in addition awards every year one of the highest monetary prizes of any science prize in the world.


Premise: What did the Greeks offer to the Ottoman Empire that was a superb benefit ?

Hypothesis: The roots of Greek success in the Ottoman Empire can be traced to the Greek tradition of education and commerce.


Premise: Beyonce received the Pop Songwriter of the Year award at which event?

Hypothesis: In 2001, she became the first African-American woman and second woman songwriter to win the Pop Songwriter of the Year award at the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards.


Premise: What discipline examines the role emotions play in culture?

Hypothesis: In sociology, emotions are examined for the role they play in human society, social patterns and interactions, and culture.


Premise: When did Clarkson win the crown?

Hypothesis: Clarkson was not initially thought of as a contender, but impressed the judges with some good performances in the final rounds, such as her performance of Aretha Franklin's "Natural Woman", and Betty Hutton's "Stuff


Premise: Where were most jazz clubs located?

Hypothesis: Most of the clubs closed by the early 1960s, as musical tastes shifted toward rock and roll.


Premise: What percentage of copper is used in industrial machinery?

Hypothesis: The major applications of copper are in electrical wires (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%) and industrial machinery (15%).


Premise: What can a host's immune system do to a host?

Hypothesis: However a host's immune system can also cause damage to the host itself in an attempt to control the infection.


Premise: Who gave financial support to Tuvalu to upgrade transmission equipment?

Hypothesis: The installation of upgraded transmission equipment allows Radio Tuvalu to be heard on all nine islands of Tuvalu.


Premise: How many people from the House of Representatives did not vote?

Hypothesis: Not voting were 52 Republicans and 80 Democrats.


Premise: How long was Sanskrit a language of culture?

Hypothesis: Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit is a literary language heavily influenced by the Middle Indo-Aryan languages, based on early Buddhist Prakrit texts which subsequently assimilated to the Classical Sanskrit standard in varying degrees.


Premise: When did Andragoras proclaim his independence?

Hypothesis: Arsaces II sued for peace became a vassal of the Seleucids and it was not until the reign of Phraates I (168–165 BCE), that the Arsacids would again begin to assert their independence.


Premise: When does the passion of Jesus fall?

Hypothesis: For the Hebrews celebrate the passover on the 14th day according to the moon, and the passion of our Saviour falls on the day before the passover; but an eclipse of the sun takes place only when the moon comes under the sun."


Premise: What are pates?

Hypothesis: The sasa is also a traditional dance where rows of dancers perform rapid synchronised movements in time to the rhythm of wooden drums (pate) or rolled mats.


Premise: What book instructed Gaddafi in how to stage a coup?

Hypothesis: Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs.


Premise: Henry Purcell was buried where?

Hypothesis: One of these was Geoffrey Chaucer, who was buried here as he had apartments in the abbey where he was employed as master of the King's Works.


Premise: Where did Apollo have a temple in the agora?

Hypothesis: A temple was dedicated to Apollo Medicus at Rome, probably next to the temple of Bellona.


Premise: How were Wente-Style condenser microphones helpful?

Hypothesis: Brilliance such as this compensated for dullness in many early magnetic pickups having drooping midrange and treble response.


Premise: Leaders of the Enlightenment that helped design laws and programs to reform the court system are called what by historians?

Hypothesis: In several nations, rulers welcomed leaders of the Enlightenment at court and asked them to help design laws and programs to reform the system, typically to build stronger national states.


Premise: What animals sexual behavior did Yerkes study?

Hypothesis: The behavioral scientists at Yale, led by President James R. Angell and psychobiologist Robert M. Yerkes, tapped into foundation largesse by crafting research programs aimed to investigate, then suggest, ways to control, sexual and social behavior.


Premise: What will happen to the materials when a board gets wet or is in a humid area?

Hypothesis: Moisture absorption occurs when the material is exposed to high humidity or water.


Premise: What kind of aircraft is used to intercept and destroy other aircraft?

Hypothesis: Invariably the type is differentiated from other fighter aircraft designs by higher speeds and shorter operating ranges, as well as much reduced ordnance payloads.


Premise: When was ACE created?

Hypothesis: Many scripts, including Arabic and Devanagari, have special orthographic rules that require certain combinations of letterforms to be combined into special ligature forms.


Premise: Which art museum does Notre Dame administer?

Hypothesis: It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art.


Premise: Who brokered a traty with the Makoko people?

Hypothesis: The methods were often brutal: construction of the Congo–Ocean Railroad following World War I has been estimated to have cost at least 14,000 lives.


Premise: The route end was changed from Justin Herman plaza to what?

Hypothesis: The planned closing ceremony at Justin Herman Plaza was cancelled and instead, a ceremony was held at San Francisco International Airport, where the torch was to leave for Buenos Aires.


Premise: How much of the entire population of the planet is estimated to be carrying tuberculosis?

Hypothesis: One-third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB.


Premise: What did Benjamin Netanyahu sign?

Hypothesis: At the end of the 1990s, Israel, under the leadership of Benjamin Netanyahu, withdrew from Hebron, and signed the Wye River Memorandum, giving greater control to the Palestinian National Authority.


Premise: For what percent must a player play of the competitive A team matches for which he was available for selection in the previous two years to get a work permit from the Home OFfice?

Hypothesis: A non-EU player applying for the permit must have played for his country in at least 75 per cent of its competitive 'A' team matches for which he was available for selection during the previous two years, and his country must have averaged at least 70th place in the official FIFA world rankings over the previous two years.


Premise: What term would be used when one said they produced perfect sound reproduction?

Hypothesis: The term began to be used by some audio engineers and consumers through the 1930s and 1940s.


Premise: Where did the reporters say they saw cracks on walls of some buildings?

Hypothesis: Reporters in Chengdu said they saw cracks on walls of some residential buildings in the downtown areas, but no buildings collapsed.


Premise: When did George Bogle come to Shigatse to investigate prospects of trade.

Hypothesis: The British Empire was encroaching from northern India into the Himalayas, the Emirate of Afghanistan and the Russian Empire were expanding into Central Asia and each power became suspicious of the others' intentions in Tibet.


Premise: Not being able to predict what any entity is going to do is what principle b Whitehead?

Hypothesis: As a human being's actions cannot always be predicted, the same can be said of where a tree's roots will grow, or how an electron will move, or whether it will rain tomorrow.


Premise: When did Chopin die?

Hypothesis: " Chopin was born in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw, and grew up in Warsaw, which after 1815 became part of Congress Poland.


Premise: When was free agency scheduled to begin after the delay?

Hypothesis: Because of the sudden loss of the New Orleans franchise, the league announced in October that the beginning of the free agency period would be delayed in order to accommodate a dispersal draft.


Premise: In what district of London is The Angel located?

Hypothesis: It was mentioned by Charles Dickens, became a Lyons Corner House, and is now a Co-operative Bank.


Premise: What angel, according to Muslim tradition, ordered Muhammad to order a siege on the Banu Qurayza?

Hypothesis: Al-Waqidi claims Muhammad had a treaty with the tribe which was torn apart.


Premise: What does BTSR stand for?

Hypothesis: The Richmond area has many major institutions of higher education, including Virginia Commonwealth University (public), University of Richmond (private), Virginia Union University (private), Virginia College (private), South University - Richmond (private, for-profit), Union Theological Seminary & Presbyterian School of Christian Education (private), and the Baptist Theological Seminary in Richmond (BTSR—private).


Premise: According to Hayek, limited governemnt power through the rule of law does not do what to people?

Hypothesis: Within the known rules of the game the individual is free to pursue his personal ends and desires, certain that the powers of government will not be used deliberately to frustrate his efforts."


Premise: What years was the Famagusta harbour completed?

Hypothesis: Following the outbreak of the First World War and the decision of the Ottoman Empire to join the war on the side of the Central Powers, on 5 November 1914 the British Empire formally annexed Cyprus and declared the Ottoman Khedivate of Egypt and Sudan a Sultanate and British protectorate.


Premise: Had there ever been a time where an elector voted for the same candidate to be both president and vice president?

Hypothesis: This was the first time in U.S. history that an elector had cast a vote for the same person to be both president and vice president; another faithless elector in the 1800 election had voted twice for Aaron Burr, but under that electoral system only votes for the president's position were cast, with the runner-up in the Electoral College becoming vice president (and the second vote for Burr was discounted and re-assigned to Thomas Jefferson in any event, as it violated Electoral College rules).


Premise: On June 1 , 2013 where was the concert held for "a Chime for Change"?

Hypothesis: The campaign, which aired on February 28, was set to her new music.


Premise: Why did the government  and civil service not want to relocate during the war?

Hypothesis: Lights would not be allowed after dark for almost six years, and the blackout became by far the most unpopular aspect of the war for civilians, more than rationing.:51,106


Premise: What were the most vital American ships at the time of the attack?

Hypothesis: At the time of the attack, the U.S. was not officially at war anywhere in the world, which means that the people killed or property destroyed at Pearl Harbor by the Japanese attack had a non-combatant status.[nb 11]


Premise: What are lophophores?

Hypothesis: Arthropods are now regarded as members of the Ecdysozoa ("animals that molt"), along with some phyla that are unsegmented.


Premise: Who founded Valencia?

Hypothesis: The City Council bought the lake from the Crown of Spain for 1,072,980 pesetas in 1911, and today it forms the main portion of the Parc Natural de l'Albufera


Premise: What did Wittgenstein say about logic?

Hypothesis: This gave rise to what they saw as metaphysical pseudoproblems and other conceptual confusions.


Premise: What paparazzi member did Kanye attack at LAX in 2013?

Hypothesis: West became increasingly agitated as a photographer, Daniel Ramos, continued to ask him why people were not allowed to speak in his presence.


Premise: Where were the Winter Olympics held in 1928?

Hypothesis: In the first half of the 20th century the Olympic Winter Games were held three times in Alpine venues: the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France; the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland; and the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.


Premise: How many square miles does San Diego cover?

Hypothesis: The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2).


Premise: When was the recession declared over?

Hypothesis: Although the recession was declared over in April 1993 and a period of strong and sustained economic growth followed, coupled with a relatively swift fall in unemployment, the Labour lead in the opinion polls remained strong.


Premise: What year can the festival be traced back to?

Hypothesis: The Schützenfest Hannover is the largest Marksmen's Fun Fair in the world and takes place once a year (late June to early July)


Premise: Who was sent to survey the California coast in 1602?

Hypothesis: In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno was sent to map the California coast.


Premise: What belief system did the native Estonians try to remove?

Hypothesis: After initial success the revolt was ended by the invasion of the Teutonic Order.


Premise: What is the capacity for Gibson Ampitheatre?

Hypothesis: In seasons seven through thirteen, the venue was at the Nokia Theatre, which holds an audience of over 7,000.


Premise: What is the most likely month for the James to flood Richmond?

Hypothesis: The James River reaches tidewater at Richmond where flooding may occur in every month of the year, most frequently in March and least in July.


Premise: What is the marking for a 2N2222A in a plastic case?

Hypothesis: 2N2222A in a plastic case (but a PN108 is a plastic version of a BC108, not a 2N108, while the PN100 is unrelated to other xx100 devices).


Premise: What political party Dominated NC after the confederacy?

Hypothesis: As in the rest of the former Confederacy, North Carolina had become a one-party state, dominated by the Democratic Party.


Premise: WPXD channel 31 is an affliate of which TV network?

Hypothesis: Community Television Network (CTN) is a city-provided cable television channel with production facilities open to city residents and nonprofit organizations.


Premise: What is a likely problem of coreless DC motors?

Hypothesis: Overheating might be an issue for coreless DC motor designs.


Premise: Which other large religion also exist in Alsace due to the once German presence?

Hypothesis: Most of the Alsatian population is Roman Catholic, but, largely because of the region's German heritage, a significant Protestant community also exists: today, the EPCAAL (a Lutheran church) is France's second largest Protestant church, also forming an administrative union (UEPAL) with the much smaller Calvinist EPRAL.


Premise: Who wired the infrastructure leading into Switzerland?

Hypothesis: Switzerland was the only country to luckily avoid invasion.


Premise: Which book did Victoria publish that did nothing to take away from the rumors about her and John Brown?

Hypothesis: Slanderous rumours of a romantic connection and even a secret marriage appeared in print, and the Queen was referred to as "Mrs. Brown".


Premise: Along with Downtown and Edgewater, what area of Miami has notably seen increasing population densities?

Hypothesis: Today, immigration to Miami has slowed significantly and Miami's growth today is attributed greatly to its fast urbanization and high-rise construction, which has increased its inner city neighborhood population densities, such as in Downtown, Brickell, and Edgewater, where one area in Downtown alone saw a 2,069% increase in population in the 2010 Census.


Premise: Orlam clans crossed which river to migrate to Namibia?

Hypothesis: On their way further northwards, however, the Orlams encountered clans of the Herero tribe at Windhoek, Gobabis, and Okahandja which were less accommodating.


Premise: What kind of births did the Christian Church fathers believe occurred in nature?

Hypothesis: Nature was widely believed to be unstable and capricious, with monstrous births from union between species, and spontaneous generation of life.


Premise: What else can a mom do to prevent diarrhea for her baby?

Hypothesis: Breastfeeding for at least six months is also recommended as is vaccination against rotavirus.


Premise: As the state capital, Boston plays a large role in what?

Hypothesis: In addition to city government, numerous commissions and state authorities—including the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, the Boston Public Health Commission, the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA), and the Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport)—play a role in the life of Bostonians.


Premise: When did Zhang Qian end his travels?

Hypothesis: Even before Han's expansion into Central Asia, diplomat Zhang Qian's travels from 139 to 125 BC had established Chinese contacts with many surrounding civilizations.


Premise: Who built the famous decorated havelis in Rajasthan?

Hypothesis: Rajasthan is famous for its forts, carved temples, and decorated havelis, which were built by Rajput kings in


Premise: What could be impeded without police interference?

Hypothesis: This would, for example, allow police to establish a restaurant guest's identity and forward it to the innkeeper in a case where the guest cannot pay the bill at nighttime because his wallet had just been stolen from the restaurant table.


Premise: Who led the Soviet rocket engineers

Hypothesis: The Soviet rocket engineers were led by Sergei Korolev.


Premise: What areas have a higher rate of Christian observance?

Hypothesis: In Europe, there has been a general move away from religious observance and belief in Christian teachings and a move towards secularism.


Premise: Which record company turned Kanye down after many meetings?

Hypothesis: After a series of meetings with Capitol Records, West was ultimately denied an artist deal.


Premise: What did the first federal wildlife commerce law prohibit?

Hypothesis: It prohibited interstate commerce of animals killed in violation of state game laws, and covered all fish and wildlife and their parts or products, as well as plants.


Premise: On what date did Timur beat the Delhi Sultan?

Hypothesis: The Sultan's army was defeated on 17 December 1398.


Premise: How often do temperatures on the coastal plain of NC drop below freezing at night?

Hypothesis: Temperatures in the coastal plain only occasionally drop below the freezing point at night.


Premise: What is the airport code for St. John's International Airport?

Hypothesis: St. John's is served by St. John's International Airport (YYT), located 10 minutes northwest of the downtown core.


Premise: What is the size of a Mini CD?

Hypothesis: Eighty-millimeter discs ("Mini CDs") were originally designed for CD singles and can hold up to 24 minutes of music or 210 MiB of data but never became popular.[citation needed]


Premise: In which language is the Tafseer e Kabir written?

Hypothesis: Because the Quran is spoken in classical Arabic, many of the later converts to Islam (mostly non-Arabs) did not always understand the Quranic Arabic, they did not catch allusions that were clear to early Muslims fluent in Arabic and they were concerned with reconciling apparent conflict of themes in the Quran.


Premise: The ethnic cleansing perpetrated by the Serbs against Bosnia-Herzegovina was conducted with what ultimate goal in mind?

Hypothesis: With regard to the charge of genocide, the Chamber found that in spite of evidence of acts perpetrated in the municipalities which constituted the actus reus of genocide".


Premise: The Foro Sol Stadium hols how many people?

Hypothesis: The Cirque du Soleil has held several seasons at the Carpa Santa Fe, in the Santa Fe district in the western part of the city.


Premise: What radiates two lobes perpendicular to the antennas axis?

Hypothesis: A horizontal dipole radiates in two lobes perpendicular to the antenna's axis.


Premise: What did alumnus Philo T. Farnsworth invent before receiving his honorary degree from the college?

Hypothesis: Harvey Fletcher, also an alumnus of BYU, inventor of stereophonic sound, went on to carry out the now famous oil-drop experiment with Robert Millikan, and was later Founding Dean of the BYU College of Engineering.


Premise: How many Bronx residents called themselves "Sub-Saharan African" in 2009?

Hypothesis: Over 61,000 people identified themselves as "Sub-Saharan African" in the survey, making up 4.4% of the population.


Premise: what mainly opened the great plains for settlement?

Hypothesis: The railroads opened up the Great Plains for settlement, for now it was possible to ship wheat and other crops at low cost to the urban markets in the East, and Europe.


Premise: What type of University would Yale fall under?

Hypothesis: In the United States, universities can be private and independent like Yale University; public and state-governed like the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education; or independent but state-funded like the University of Virginia.


Premise: In sponges, how do blastula develop into a new sponge?

Hypothesis: In most cases, a mesoderm also develops between them.


Premise: What is Guam responsible for when goods both come in and leave?

Hypothesis: The island is outside the United States customs zone so Guam is responsible for establishing and operating its own customs and quarantine agency and jurisdiction.


Premise: According to the cover story, what did the "weather research" pilot have trouble with?

Hypothesis: Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that a "spy-plane" had been shot down but intentionally made no reference to the pilot.


Premise: What notable feature of the Red Lion reflects its parliamentary connection?

Hypothesis: The Red Lion in Parliament Square is close to the Palace of Westminster and is consequently used by political journalists and members of parliament.


Premise: What are the two most common reasons one Grand Lodge will withhold recognition from another?

Hypothesis: There are many reasons why one Grand Lodge will withhold or withdraw recognition from another, but the two most common are Exclusive Jurisdiction and Regularity.


Premise: What was Madonna's documentary called?

Hypothesis: I'm Going to Tell You a Secret.


Premise: How many enumeration areas are there in Namibia?

Hypothesis: These areas do not overlap with constituency boundaries to get reliable data for election purposes as well.


Premise: Which battle took place in 1147?

Hypothesis: The Taifa period ended with the conquest of the Almoravids who came from Morocco in 1086 winning a decisive victory at the Battle of Sagrajas, followed a century later in 1147, after the second period of Taifa, by the Almohads, also from Marrakesh.