Premise: How many Namibian students were recorded in 1998 in secondary schools?

Hypothesis: Namibia has free education for both Primary and secondary education levels.


Premise: By what year were three empires gone?

Hypothesis: By its end in 1918 three empires were gone, a fourth was about to fall to revolution, and two more, the British and French, were forced to yield in revolutions started under the aegis of their own ideologies.


Premise: What does the abbreviation OECD expand to?

Hypothesis: Greece is classified as an advanced, high-income economy, and was a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC).


Premise: What type of people were ousted from Nasser's cabinet?

Hypothesis: Nasser responded to the demonstrations, the most significant public challenge to his rule since workers' protests in March 1954, by removing most military figures from his cabinet and appointing eight civilians in place of several high-ranking members of the Arab Socialist Union (ASU).


Premise: Miniature paintings of the Ottoman empire featured what kind of subjects?

Hypothesis: Despite this, there is a presence of depictional art in some Muslim societies, notably the miniature style made famous in Persia and under the Ottoman Empire which featured paintings of people and animals, and also depictions of Quranic stories and Islamic traditional narratives.


Premise: What general had a lot of confidence in the Republic of Korea's army?

Hypothesis: On the eve of war, KMAG's commander General William Lynn Roberts voiced utmost confidence in the ROK Army and boasted that any North Korean invasion would merely provide "target practice".


Premise: What does CSA stand for?

Hypothesis: As a branch of the armed forces, the mission of the U.S. Army is "to fight and win our Nation's wars, by providing prompt, sustained, land dominance, across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict, in support of combatant commanders."


Premise: What type of campus did Northwestern begin construction of during Walter Dill Scott's presidency?

Hypothesis: Under Walter Dill Scott's presidency from 1920 to 1939, Northwestern began construction of an integrated campus in Chicago designed by James Gamble Rogers to house the professional schools; established the Kellogg School of Management; and built several prominent buildings on the Evanston campus, Dyche Stadium (now named Ryan Field) and Deering Library among others.


Premise: The British army was considered to be what by Walter Ulbricbht?

Hypothesis: In Die Welt, a communist newspaper published in Stockholm[e] the exiled communist leader Walter Ulbricht opposed the allies (Britain representing "the most reactionary force in the world") and argued: "The German government declared itself ready for friendly relations with the Soviet Union, whereas the English–French war bloc desires a war against the socialist Soviet Union.


Premise: What portion of Rajasthan is east and south of the Aravalli Range?

Hypothesis: About three-fifths of Rajasthan lies northwest of the Aravallis, leaving two-fifths on the east and south direction.


Premise: Which law established Glasgow's police?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, the authorities in Glasgow, Scotland successfully petitioned the government to pass the Glasgow Police Act establishing the City of Glasgow Police in 1800.


Premise: What is the foundational document of affective computing?

Hypothesis: In computer science, affective computing is a branch of the study and development of artificial intelligence that deals with the design of systems and devices that can recognize, interpret, and process human emotions.


Premise: In the nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative cases what always agrees with the noun in number and case?

Hypothesis: In Estonian, nouns and pronouns do not have grammatical gender, but nouns and adjectives decline in fourteen cases: nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative, terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative, with the case and number of the adjective(s) always agreeing with that of the noun (except in the terminative, essive, abessive and comitative, where there is agreement only for the number, the adjective being in the genitive form).


Premise: Which bowl game is held in Detroit?

Hypothesis: The NCAA football Little Caesars Pizza Bowl is held at Ford Field each December.


Premise: Who is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Zhejiang?

Hypothesis: The politics of Zhejiang is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in Mainland China.


Premise: What superphylum are vertebrates in?

Hypothesis: However, the genes that drive segmentation in arthropods do not appear to do the same in annelids.


Premise: How many metric tons of uranium oxide was used in Chicago Pile-1?

Hypothesis: Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed for such a reaction by piling together 400 short tons (360 metric tons) of graphite, 58 short tons (53 metric tons) of uranium oxide, and six short tons (5.5 metric tons) of uranium metal, a majority of which was supplied by Westinghouse Lamp Plant in a makeshift production process.


Premise: What did Darwin consider that could explain why different regions could have such different species when they are close together?

Hypothesis: Darwin noted that barriers to migration played an important role in the differences between the species of different regions.


Premise: At which intersection does E 122nd Street terminate?

Hypothesis: This segment runs in East Harlem and crosses portions of Third Avenue, Lexington, and Park


Premise: What was considered a deep flaw of Georgian architecture?

Hypothesis: Regularity, as with ashlar (uniformly cut) stonework, was strongly approved, imbuing symmetry and adherence to classical rules: the lack of symmetry, where Georgian additions were added to earlier structures remaining visible, was deeply felt as a flaw, at least before Nash began to introduce it in a variety of styles.


Premise: What empire did Babur found in northern India?

Hypothesis: After Sher Shah's death, his son Islam Shah Suri and the Hindu emperor Hemu Vikramaditya, who had won 22 battles against Afghan rebels and forces of Akbar, from Punjab to Bengal and had established a secular rule in North India from Delhi till 1556 after winning Battle of Delhi.


Premise: Were the Ashkenazim thought to be a subset or superset of their assumed geographical source population?

Hypothesis: The study also observed that Ashkenazim are more diverse than their Middle Eastern relatives, which was counterintuitive because Ashkenazim are supposed to be a subset, not a superset, of their assumed geographical source population.


Premise: In what building did Patrick Henry give his famous speech?

Hypothesis: During the Revolutionary War period, several notable events occurred in the city, including Patrick Henry's "Give me liberty or give me death" speech in 1775 at St. John's Church, and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson.


Premise: What manager was appointed to lead Arsenal in 1925?

Hypothesis: Arsenal appointed Herbert Chapman as manager in 1925.


Premise: Who attacked and plundered Delhi in 1737?

Hypothesis: After this victory, Nader captured and sacked Delhi, carrying away many treasures, including the Peacock Throne.


Premise: During what span were the Marshall Islands first settled?

Hypothesis: Micronesian colonists gradually settled the Marshall Islands during the 2nd millennium BC, with inter-island navigation made possible using traditional stick charts.


Premise: What other types of operas are performed in Nanjing?

Hypothesis: Nanjing also has professional opera troupes for the Yang, Yue (shaoxing), Xi and Jing (Chinese opera varieties) as well as Suzhou pingtan, spoken theatre and puppet theatre.


Premise: As opposed to physical objects, what did Whitehead believe reality is composed of?

Hypothesis: Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rather than material objects, and that processes are best defined by their relations with other processes, thus rejecting the theory that reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another.


Premise: What percentages does the city Bike transportation mode's target?

Hypothesis: Other environmentally focused initiatives include curbside recycling, curbside composting bins (in addition to trash, yard-waste, and recycle bins), farmers' markets, community gardens, garden-share, an urban forest initiative, a hazardous materials home-collection service, green business certification, and a municipal bus system which is currently being revamped to integrate with the soon-to-open Expo Line.


Premise: What was the Meija era marked by?

Hypothesis: It was not until the beginning of the Meiji Era that the Japanese government began taking modernization seriously.


Premise: When did John meet the rebel leaders at Runnymede?

Hypothesis: A council of twenty-five barons would be created to monitor and ensure John's future adherence to the charter, whilst the rebel army would stand down and London would be surrendered to the king.


Premise: In what year did the nation of George get a new national flag?

Hypothesis: In 2004 Georgia adopted a new white flag, which consists of four small and one big red cross in the middle touching all four sides.


Premise: Where is Topshop located?

Hypothesis: In October 2014, it was announced that Beyoncé with her management company Parkwood Entertainment would be partnering with London-based fashion retailer Topshop, in a new 50/50 split subsidiary business named Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd.


Premise: Who created the Armenian alphabet?

Hypothesis: Many of these chants are ancient in origin, extending to pre-Christian times, while others are relatively modern, including several composed by Saint Mesrop Mashtots, the inventor of the Armenian alphabet.


Premise: In 1961 who became the president of IBM?

Hypothesis: In 1961, Thomas J. Watson, Jr., was elected chairman of the board and Albert L. Williams became company president.


Premise: If Broca were alive today, what would his profession be?

Hypothesis: He wanted to localize the difference between man and the other animals, which appeared to reside in speech.


Premise: The five boroughs of New York City are named what?

Hypothesis: The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island –


Premise: What was the name of the monastery that was discovered in 1930?

Hypothesis: The mosaics in the church of the nearby Monastery of Euthymius are of later date (discovered in 1930).


Premise: What kind of compression is used?

Hypothesis: The use of lossy compression is designed to greatly reduce the amount of data required to represent the audio recording and still sound like a faithful reproduction of the original uncompressed audio for most listeners.


Premise: What is the focus of the guna for negativeness and destruction?

Hypothesis: The interplay of these gunas defines the character of someone or something, of nature and determines the progress of life.


Premise: What was one of the issues with setting a single HDTV standard?

Hypothesis: One of the thornier issues concerned a suitable frame/field refresh rate, the world already having split into two camps, 25/50 Hz and 30/60 Hz, largely due to the differences in mains frequency.


Premise: Which two fleets returned to Kronstadt?

Hypothesis: Thus, shelling of the Russian batteries was limited to two attempts in the summers of 1854 and 1855, and initially, the attacking fleets limited their actions to blockading Russian trade in the Gulf of Finland.


Premise: When was the Canada Corporations Act, Part II repealed?

Hypothesis: Ontario also overhauled its legislation, adopting the Ontario Not-for-Profit Corporations Act during 2010; pending the outcome of an anticipated election during October 2011,[dated info]


Premise: Being a non-muslim in the Empire resulted in what as it related to taxes?

Hypothesis: Under the millet system, non-Muslim people were considered subjects of the Empire, but were not subject to the Muslim faith or Muslim law.


Premise: What was the Monte Carlo method?

Hypothesis: His algorithm for simulating a fair coin with a biased coin is used in the "software whitening" stage of some hardware random number generators.


Premise: What member of leadership at the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria called TB a "pandemic"?

Hypothesis: Slow progress has led to frustration, expressed by executive director of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria


Premise: Which theology did everyone agree science was a part of in the 19th century?

Hypothesis: The political and theological implications were intensely debated, but transmutation was not accepted by the scientific mainstream.


Premise: What is the history of arts and humanities called?

Hypothesis: The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences.


Premise: Why did the committee consider a 8 bit code?

Hypothesis: Since perforated tape at the time could record eight bits in one position, it also allowed for a parity bit for error checking if desired.:217, 236 § 5 Eight-bit machines (with octets as the native data type) that did not use parity checking typically set the eighth bit to 0.


Premise: What is the most efficient yellow phosphor?

Hypothesis: Among the challenges being faced to improve the efficiency of LED-based white light sources is the development of more efficient phosphors.


Premise: What percent of coursework is done at the business school by undergraduate students at Washington University?

Hypothesis: Students may also take elective courses from other disciplines at Washington University, including law and many other fields.


Premise: How many people were killed in the incendry attack on Tokyo on March 9-10, 1945?

Hypothesis: Japanese industrial production plunged as nearly half of the built-up areas of 67 cities were destroyed by B-29 firebombing raids.


Premise: Mayday and Thomas Barnett released what hit in 1987?

Hypothesis: Derrick May a.k.a. "MAYDAY" and Thomas Barnett released "Nude Photo" in 1987 on May's label "Transmat Records", which helped kickstart the Detroit techno music scene and was put in heavy rotation on Chicago's Hot Mix 5 Radio DJ mix show and in many Chicago clubs.[citation needed]


Premise: Who was the first president of the ECB?

Hypothesis: While Duisenberg had been the head of the EMI (taking over from Alexandre Lamfalussy of Belgium) just before the ECB came into existence, the French government wanted Jean-Claude Trichet, former head of the French central bank, to be the ECB's first president.


Premise: What percent of the Bronx has mixed Caucasian and Native American heritage?

Hypothesis: People of mixed African American and Native American heritage number over 1,220 members and form 0.1% of the population.


Premise: When was Spielberg added to the Science Fiction Hall of Fame?

Hypothesis: The Science Fiction Hall of Fame inducted Spielberg in 2005, the first year it considered non-literary contributors.


Premise: What abbreviation would the IPC use for an assembled circuit board?

Hypothesis: The term PCB is used informally both for bare and assembled boards.


Premise: What was the nobles guarantee that his throne would be inherited by his sons?

Hypothesis: Henceforth no member of the nobility could be imprisoned without a warrant from a court of justice: the king could neither punish nor imprison any noble at his whim.


Premise: Where did the radio interception orders to U.S> Hellcat fighters come from?

Hypothesis: Following a directive from Nimitz, the U.S. carriers all had combat information centers, which interpreted the flow of radar data and radioed interception orders to the Hellcats.


Premise: How much did ARV drugs cost patients yearly?

Hypothesis: In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent.


Premise: Where is the Cornell University/Technion-Israel Institute of Technology located?

Hypothesis: New York City has the most post-graduate life sciences degrees awarded annually in the United States, with 127 Nobel laureates having roots in local institutions as of 2004; while in 2012, 43,523 licensed physicians were practicing in New York City.


Premise: Where is the resistance seen on the loading foil?

Hypothesis: In some cases this is done in a more extreme manner, not simply to cancel a small amount of residual reactance, but to resonate an antenna whose resonance frequency is quite different from the intended frequency of operation.


Premise: Which Quranic verse describes Moses' encounter with God at the mountain?

Hypothesis: Moses, in 7:143, comes the way of those who are in love, he asks for a vision but his desire is denied, he is made to suffer by being commanded to look at other than the Beloved while the mountain is able to see God.


Premise: Where did most of the current earthworms in glacial areas come from?

Hypothesis: In the glaciated areas of North America, for example, almost all native earthworms are thought to have been killed by the glaciers and the worms currently found in those areas are all introduced from other areas, primarily from Europe, and, more recently, from Asia.


Premise: According to Human Rights Watch, how many prisoners were killed on June 29, 1996?

Hypothesis: Opponents were critical of Libya's human rights abuses; according to Human Rights Watch (HRW) and others, hundreds of arrested political opponents often failed to receive a fair trial, and were sometimes subjected to torture or extrajudicial execution, most notably in the Abu Salim prison, including an alleged massacre on 29 June 1996 in which HRW estimated that 1,270 prisoners were massacred.


Premise: How long did IBM use liquid cleaning agents for circuit board manufacturing?

Hypothesis: IBM used liquid cleaning agents in circuit board assembly operation for more than two decades, and six spills and leaks were recorded, including one leak in 1979 of 4,100 gallons from an underground tank.


Premise: When was NCAZ opened?

Hypothesis: According to the Minister the primary task of the new organisation founded on February 23, 2011, is to detect and prevent attacks against the national infrastructure and mentioned incidents like Stuxnet.


Premise: Which scientist's study theorized that the idea of Darwin's work being delayed dates to the 1940s?

Hypothesis: He firmly intended to publish, but it was not until September 1854 that he could work on it full-time.


Premise: Throughout history there have been a series of what in the area to allow for better communication?

Hypothesis: Throughout history there have been a series of lingua francas in the area to allow for better communication.


Premise: The success of what program has made Israel one of seven countries capable of launching satellites?

Hypothesis: Israel's Spike missile is one of the most widely exported ATGMs in the world.


Premise: Of what was Magadha one of sixteen?

Hypothesis: A state of Magadha, possibly a tribal kingdom, is recorded in Vedic texts much earlier in time than 600 BC.


Premise: Who gets to interview and question prospective board members?

Hypothesis: To offer some accountability, the ECB is bound to publish reports on its activities and has to address its annual report to the European Parliament, the European Commission, the Council of the European Union and the European Council.


Premise: The members of what class were priests in ancient Rome?

Hypothesis: There was no principle analogous to separation of church and state in ancient Rome.


Premise: Tamudic schools are known as what?

Hypothesis: Some scholars estimate more Jewish men are studying in yeshivot (Talmudic schools) and Kollelim (post-graduate Talmudical colleges for married (male) students) than at any other time in history.[citation needed]


Premise: Which Apple device has the ability to sync with iTunes via the phone network?

Hypothesis: Apple debuted the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store on September 5, 2007, in its Media Event entitled "The Beat Goes On...".


Premise: When was the Compagnies Republicaines de Securite formed?

Hypothesis: The national police has its own special unit for riot control and crowd control and security of public buildings, called the Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité (CRS), a unit formed in 1944 right after the liberation of France.


Premise: What honor did Feynman recieve in a 1999 poll conducted by British Journal Physics World?

Hypothesis: In a 1999 poll of 130 leading physicists worldwide by the British journal Physics World he was ranked as one of the ten greatest physicists of all time.


Premise: What percent of Chinese Filipinos in the Philippines spoeak Hokkien?

Hypothesis: Hokkien is reportedly the native language of up to 98.5% of the Chinese Filipino in the Philippines, among which is known locally as Lan-nang or Lán-lâng-oē ("Our people’s language").


Premise: There has been a reunification of contemporary house with what?

Hypothesis: In addition to these popular examples of house, there has also been a reunification of contemporary house and its roots.


Premise: When was Bertie Mee become manager of Arsenal?

Hypothesis: Arsenal began winning silverware again with the surprise appointment of club physiotherapist Bertie Mee as manager in 1966.


Premise: Why did the one-party government struggle after the major earthquake in 1985?

Hypothesis: The government was paralyzed by its own bureaucracy and corruption, forcing ordinary citizens to create and direct their own rescue efforts and to reconstruct much of the housing that was lost as well.


Premise: What must be precise in order to create this signal at output?

Hypothesis: It is also possible to use multiple active elements and combine them together with transmission lines to produce a similar system where the phases add up to reinforce the output.


Premise: Other than Thomson Consumer Electronics, Fraunhofer Society and CNET, who else was a part of the joint proposal?

Hypothesis: ASPEC was the joint proposal of AT&T Bell Laboratories, Thomson Consumer Electronics, Fraunhofer Society and CNET.


Premise: In the time that Hesburgh was president of Notre Dame by what factor did the operating budget increase?

Hypothesis: The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., (1917–2015) served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of dramatic transformations.


Premise: North Korea is often listed among the worst offenders in the world in what regard?

Hypothesis: North Korea is frequently listed among the world’s worst offenders against human rights.


Premise: What does the activity of antibacterials depends on?

Hypothesis: Since the activity of antibacterials depends frequently on its concentration, in vitro characterization of antibacterial activity commonly includes the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of an antibacterial.


Premise: What year did the patent for lateral cut discs expire?

Hypothesis: Despite these improvements, during the 1910s discs decisively won this early format war, although Edison continued to produce new Blue Amberol cylinders for an ever-dwindling customer base until late in 1929.


Premise: What happened soon after the massive credit crunch hit?

Hypothesis: During April 2009, U.S. Federal Reserve vice-chair Janet Yellen discussed these paradoxes: "Once this massive credit crunch hit, it didn’t take long before we were in a recession.


Premise: What are the two branches of the Cordilleran system?

Hypothesis: In between these mountain systems lie the Intermontaine Plateaus.


Premise: What is the most visited art museum in the world?

Hypothesis: Paris is the home of the most visited art museum in the world, the Louvre, as well as the Musée d'Orsay, noted for its collection of French Impressionist art, and the Musée National d'Art Moderne, a museum of modern and contemporary art.


Premise: What did the Air Force believe they could avoid if they carried out effective day missions?

Hypothesis: There was also a mentality in all air forces that, if they could carry out effective operations by day, night missions and their disadvantages could be avoided.


Premise: What is the most common reason for software failure?

Hypothesis: A common cause of software failure (real or perceived) is a lack of its compatibility with other application software, operating systems (or operating system versions, old or new), or target environments that differ greatly from the original (such as a terminal or GUI application intended to be run on the desktop now being required to become a web application, which must render in a web browser).


Premise: What did the volume "Credit Correlation: Life After Copulas" propose models to rectify?

Hypothesis: Despite the dominance of the above formula, there are documented attempts of the financial industry, occurring before the crisis, to address the formula limitations, specifically the lack of dependence dynamics and the poor representation of extreme events.


Premise: How much revenue did Apple announce for Q2 2007?

Hypothesis: On April 9, 2007, it was announced that Apple had sold its one-hundred millionth iPod, making it the biggest selling digital music player of all time.


Premise: 22 Percent of NYC's total wages are from what industry?

Hypothesis: Many large financial companies are headquartered in New York City, and the city is also home to a burgeoning number of financial startup companies.


Premise: Why did Cubans come to the United States?

Hypothesis: The deposition of Fulgencio Batista's dictatorship and the ascension of Fidel Castro's government in 1959 increased Cuban immigration to the United States, hence there are some one million Cubans in the United States, most settled in southern and central Florida, while other Cubans live in the Northeastern United States; most are fluent in Spanish.


Premise: Which team participated in the 2008 FIRS World Championship?

Hypothesis: The Women's inline hockey National Team participated in the 2008 FIRS World Championships.


Premise: How can historical changes in the environment be detected?

Hypothesis: Plant responses to climate and other environmental changes can inform our understanding of how these changes affect ecosystem function and productivity.


Premise: What political theory did Eisenhower use to oppose McCarthy?

Hypothesis: He otherwise left most political activity to his Vice President, Richard Nixon.


Premise: What is the largest bird?

Hypothesis: Birds live worldwide and range in size from the 5 cm (2 in) bee hummingbird to the 2.75 m (9 ft) ostrich.


Premise: What is the name of the environmental charter school located in New Haven?

Hypothesis: New Haven is home to a number of other private schools as well as public magnet schools, including Metropolitan Business Academy, High School in the Community, Hill Regional Career High School, Co-op High School, New Haven Academy, ACES Educational Center for the Arts, the Foote School and the Sound School, all of which draw students from New Haven and suburban towns.


Premise: An example of a 4GL is what?

Hypothesis: Example of 4GL is SQL.


Premise: What were the names of some of the figures for the established religion that are based on ancestral ties ?

Hypothesis: The Homeric Epics (i.e. Iliad and Odyssey) were especially and generally accepted as part of the Greek past and it was not until the 19th century that scholars began to question Homer's historicity.


Premise: By what age was he venturing outside?

Hypothesis: Śuddhodana was determined to see his son become a king, so he prevented him from leaving the palace grounds.


Premise: How are glass masters created?

Hypothesis: To prepare to press a CD, a glass master is made, using a high-powered laser on a device similar to a CD writer.


Premise: In what year did the first scientific and literary journal appear?

Hypothesis: The first scientific and literary journals were established during the Enlightenment.


Premise: What has cultural anthropology distinguished itself from other social sciences by emphasizing?

Hypothesis: Cultural anthropology in particular has emphasized cultural relativism, holism, and the use of findings to frame cultural critiques.


Premise: From which countries does the biggest rise in Valencia's foreign population come?

Hypothesis: Between 2007 and 2008 there was a 14% increase in the foreign born population with the largest numeric increases by country being from Bolivia, Romania and Italy.


Premise: Who built I-94?

Hypothesis: The stretch of the current I-94 freeway from Ypsilanti to Detroit was one of America's earlier limited-access highways.


Premise: Which periods saw a quick growth in Monasticism?

Hypothesis: The early Medieval periods had seen a rapid growth in monasticism, with several different orders being prevalent and spreading their influence widely.


Premise: What part of the airway does asthma affect?

Hypothesis: Unlike these diseases, the airway obstruction in asthma is usually reversible; however, if left untreated, the chronic inflammation from asthma can lead the lungs to become irreversibly obstructed due to airway remodeling.


Premise: Which Scottish professor believes that Masons were not a major radical or reformist network in their own right?

Hypothesis: German historian Reinhart Koselleck claimed that "On the Continent there were two social structures that left a decisive imprint on the Age of Enlightenment: the Republic of Letters and the Masonic lodges.


Premise: What is the name of a large facility run by the IMSS in Mexico City?

Hypothesis: Mexico City is home to some of the best private hospitals in the country; Hospital Ángeles, Hospital ABC and Médica Sur to name a few.


Premise: What was the location of the pollution caused by GE in the Housatonic River?

Hypothesis: In 1999, the company agreed to pay a $250 million settlement in connection with claims it polluted the Housatonic River (Pittsfield, Massachusetts) and other sites with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other hazardous substances.


Premise: In terms of size where does Swaziland rank within Africa in terms of country size?

Hypothesis: At no more than 200 kilometres (120 mi) north to south and 130 kilometres (81 mi) east to west, Swaziland is one of the smallest countries in Africa.


Premise: On what ship did German ambassadors arrive in the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: Britain also raised no objection to a German protectorate over the Marshalls in exchange for German recognition of Britain's rights in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands.


Premise: What was the first botanical garden at an Italian university?

Hypothesis: Botanical gardens came much later to northern Europe; the first in England was the University of Oxford Botanic Garden in 1621.


Premise: What was the first generation of iPod Classic on which games like Mahjong and Tetris could be played?

Hypothesis: In September 2006, the iTunes Store began to offer additional games for purchase with the launch of iTunes 7, compatible with the fifth generation iPod with iPod software 1.2 or later.


Premise: What was another name for Richmond's Jackson Ward?

Hypothesis: Freed slaves and their descendants created a thriving African-American business community, and the city's historic Jackson Ward became known as the "Wall Street of Black America."


Premise: What is used to offer a balance in guarantees?

Hypothesis: For that reason many NoSQL databases are using what is called eventual consistency to provide both availability and partition tolerance guarantees with a reduced level of data consistency.


Premise: Who convinced Darwin that his book needed a shorter, more compelling title?

Hypothesis: An abstract of an Essay on the Origin of Species and Varieties Through natural selection, but with Murray's persuasion it was eventually changed to the snappier title: On the Origin of Species, with the title page adding by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life.


Premise: What was the big fear that brought the British government to extend the deadline for the trade license for the company?

Hypothesis: In 1742, fearing the monetary consequences of a war, the British government agreed to extend the deadline for the licensed exclusive trade by the company in India until 1783, in return for a further loan of £1 million.


Premise: How many jobs are in the secondary sector?

Hypothesis: The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 109,358.


Premise: How many recordings did Kind Oliver's Creole Jazz band require?

Hypothesis: Because a 10-inch 78 rpm record could hold about three minutes of sound per side and the 10-inch size was the standard size for popular music, almost all popular recordings were limited to around three minutes in length.


Premise: When was Lancashire established?

Hypothesis: The county was established in 1182, later than many other counties.


Premise: What kind of linguistics describes how factors of languages change in history?

Hypothesis: The particular contrasts which are phonemic in a language can change over time.


Premise: For how much more time was the molten steel supposed to cool when the computer mix-up happened in the German steel facility?

Hypothesis: Damage to a German steel facility occurred during a DST transition in 1993, when a computer timing system linked to a radio time synchronization signal allowed molten steel to cool for one hour less than the required duration, resulting in spattering of molten steel when it was poured.


Premise: Arthur Harris announced that Bomber Command would enable economic warfare to achieve what?

Hypothesis: In late 1943, just before the Battle of Berlin, he declared the power of Bomber Command would enable it to achieve "a state of devastation in which surrender is inevitable."


Premise: King Philip renounced his right to the throne after what treaty?

Hypothesis: Gibraltar became a critical naval base and allowed Britain to control the Atlantic entry and exit point to the Mediterranean.


Premise: In what year was the United Nations Human Rights Council report written?

Hypothesis: In June 2015, a 500-page United Nations Human Rights Council report accused Eritrea's government of extrajudicial executions, torture, indefinitely prolonged national service and forced labour, and indicated that sexual harassment, rape and sexual servitude by state officials are also widespread.


Premise: When was the first wrap-around concert hall in the Western Hemisphere opened?

Hypothesis: Mexico City is home to a number of orchestras offering season programs.


Premise: Where did IGN place the PS3 on their 2009 list of the best video game consoles ever?

Hypothesis: In September 2009, IGN named PlayStation 3 the 15th best gaming console of all time, behind both of its competitors: Wii (10th) and Xbox 360 (6th).


Premise: What years were the miners strike?

Hypothesis: Tabloid vilification of the so-called loony left continued to taint the parliamentary party by association from the activities of 'extra-parliamentary' militants in local government.


Premise: What houses does the Nigerian legislature have?

Hypothesis: Nigeria is a Federal Republic modelled after the United States, with executive power exercised by the president.


Premise: In addition to Yale Reparatory Theatre, what are two additional major theatre houses located in New Haven?

Hypothesis: The city hosts numerous theatres and production houses, including the Yale Repertory Theatre, the Long Wharf Theatre, and the Shubert Theatre.


Premise: What makes up 40-50% of the cell walls in wood?

Hypothesis: Wood is a heterogeneous, hygroscopic, cellular and anisotropic material.


Premise: How many apps did the WIndows 8.1 update allow to be snapped onto a signular display?

Hypothesis: The upgrade addressed a number of criticisms faced by Windows 8 upon its release, with additional customization options for the Start screen, the restoration of a visible Start button on the desktop, the ability to snap up to four apps on a single display, and the ability to boot to the desktop instead of the Start screen.


Premise: How long did it actually take to complete Principia Mathematica?

Hypothesis: Despite the initial loss, today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica.


Premise: When was Neptune's moon Larissa discovered?

Hypothesis: Because Neptune was the Roman god of the sea, Neptune's moons have been named after lesser sea gods.


Premise: Who did Jugurtha have to bribe in order for them to accept him as the new leader of Numidia?

Hypothesis: Jugurtha impudently bribed the Romans into accepting his usurpation.


Premise: What lines comprise the Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu) line?

Hypothesis: (which is itself composed of the old Jinpu and Huning Railways), Nanjing–


Premise: What method of execution did the Nebraska Supreme Court rule unconstitutional?

Hypothesis: Kansas successfully appealed State v. Kleypas, the Kansas Supreme Court decision that declared the state's death penalty statute unconstitutional, to the United States Supreme Court.


Premise: Where was Joseph Bohmann from?

Hypothesis: At the time, Partee was using an imported French-made mandolin.


Premise: What program requires an additional two years of study?

Hypothesis: A Master’s degree requires two years of study following the attainment of a bachelor's degree.


Premise: Who designed this cannon?

Hypothesis: Also, in 1931 the US Army worked on a mobile anti-aircraft machine mount on the back of a heavy truck having four .30 caliber water-cooled machine guns and an optical director.


Premise: What area uses traditional Chinese characters?

Hypothesis: In the Republic of China (Taiwan), which uses traditional Chinese characters, the Ministry of Education's Chángyòng Guózì Biāozhǔn Zìtǐ Biǎo (常用國字標準字體表, Chart of Standard Forms of Common National Characters) lists 4,808 characters; the Cì Chángyòng Guózì Biāozhǔn Zìtǐ Biǎo (次常用國字標準字體表, Chart of Standard Forms of Less-Than-Common National Characters) lists another 6,341 characters.


Premise: What version of the Quran was the scriptio superior of the Sana'a manuscripts?

Hypothesis: However, the faint washed-off underlying text (scriptio inferior) is still barely visible and believed to be "pre-Uthmanic" Quranic content, while the text written on top (scriptio superior) is believed to belong to Uthmanic time.


Premise: When will organomagnesium halide formation fail?

Hypothesis: Among important applications is the Frankland-Duppa Reaction in which an oxalate ester(ROCOCOOR) reacts with an alkyl halide R'X, zinc and hydrochloric acid to the α-hydroxycarboxylic esters RR'COHCOOR, the Reformatskii reaction which converts α-halo-esters and aldehydes to β-hydroxy-esters, the Simmons–Smith reaction in which the carbenoid (iodomethyl)zinc iodide reacts with alkene(or alkyne) and converts them to cyclopropane, the Addition reaction of organozinc compounds to carbonyl compounds.


Premise: In what group of people do the Portuguese have their origin?

Hypothesis: All subsequent migrations did leave an impact, genetically and culturally, but the main population source of the Portuguese is still Paleolithic.


Premise: Who did KU defeat in the 2008 Orange Bowl?

Hypothesis: In 2008, under the leadership of Mark Mangino, the #7 Jayhawks emerged victorious in their first BCS bowl game, the FedEx Orange Bowl, with a 24–21 victory over the #3 Virginia Tech Hokies.


Premise: Who awarded the Silver Star to Kerry?

Hypothesis: Running into heavy small arms fire from the river banks, Kerry "directed the units to turn to the beach and charge the Viet Cong positions" and he "expertly directed" his boat's fire causing the enemy to flee while at the same time coordinating the insertion of the ninety South Vietnamese troops (according to the original medal citation signed by Admiral Zumwalt).


Premise: What does Darwin do to show that his theory can support many theories that could not be explained by individual creation of species?

Hypothesis: Darwin presents supporting facts drawn from many disciplines, showing that his theory could explain a myriad of observations from many fields of natural history that were inexplicable under the alternate concept that species had been individually created.


Premise: At what location is most weather data collected for the Seattle area?

Hypothesis: Official weather and climatic data is collected at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport, located about 19 km (12 mi) south of downtown in the city of SeaTac, which is at a higher elevation, and records more cloudy days and fewer partly cloudy days per year.


Premise: When was the German Peasants' War?

Hypothesis: After the Eighty Years' War in the Low Countries and the French Wars of Religion, the confessional division of the states of the Holy Roman Empire eventually erupted in the Thirty Years' War between 1618 and 1648.


Premise: What are both ecological and evolutionary definition modifiers of?

Hypothesis: Surprisingly, there is no generally accepted concept of population that biologists use.


Premise: At what degree north did reindeer show rhythms only in autumn and summer?

Hypothesis: Reindeer on Svalbard at 78 degrees North showed such rhythms only in autumn and spring.


Premise: Where did Victoria visit after Leopold advised her to make more public appearances?

Hypothesis: She agreed to visit the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at Kensington and take a drive through London in an open carriage.


Premise: When was Nanjing announced as the host city for the 2nd Summer Youth Olympic Games?

Hypothesis: The slogan of the 2014 Youth Olympic Games was “Share the Games, Share our Dreams”.


Premise: When do large birds of pray migrate?

Hypothesis: These birds migrate in the daytime.


Premise: Who initially had control over the Sabines?

Hypothesis: One by one Rome defeated both the persistent Sabines and the local cities, both those under Etruscan control and those that had cast off their Etruscan rulers.


Premise: When was MAPS 3 passed?

Hypothesis: It is believed the streetcar would begin construction in 2014 and be in operation around 2017.


Premise: Which individual painted the inside of the Basilica of the Sacred Heart at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: The current Basilica of the Sacred Heart is located on the spot of Fr.


Premise: Millions of Muslims left the empire and migrated to what places?

Hypothesis: As the Ottoman Empire gradually shrank in size, some 7–9 million Turkish-Muslims from its former territories in the Caucasus, Crimea, Balkans, and the Mediterranean islands migrated to Anatolia and Eastern Thrace.


Premise: How were the exta read in Roman religious practice?

Hypothesis: As a product of Roman sacrifice, the exta and blood are reserved for the gods, while the meat (viscera) is shared among human beings in a communal meal.


Premise: On what date was the Earth's coldest temperature recorded?

Hypothesis: Antarctica is the coldest of Earth's continents.


Premise: What did the Christian church become in the years after Valerian's death?

Hypothesis: The Christian churches were disunited; Paul of Samosata, Bishop of Antioch was deposed by a synod of 268 for "dogmatic reasons – his doctrine on the human nature of Christ was rejected – and for his lifestyle, which reminded his brethren of the habits of the administrative elite".


Premise: Analysts expect the market to triple by what year?

Hypothesis: This investment decline, but growth in installed capacity, may again occur in 2013.


Premise: Who decided, along with the ECB, to use Term auction to help stabilize the financial crisis and improve dollar liquidity?

Hypothesis: The latter can be seen, for example, in the bank's intervention during the subprime mortgage crisis when it loaned billions of euros to banks to stabilise the financial system.


Premise: Where is Van Cortlandt Park?

Hypothesis: It includes New York City's fourth largest park: Van Cortlandt Park along the Westchester-Bronx border.


Premise: Where was the Foreign Ministers conference held?

Hypothesis: Since negotiations at that conference did not prove constructive from an American point of view, the document edition was sent to press.


Premise: How is toxicity sometimes visibly displayed by insects as a warning?

Hypothesis: This successful evolutionary pattern has also been used by mimics.


Premise: About how many Fields Medal winners have been Ashkenazi Jews?

Hypothesis: Ashkenazi Jews have won a large number of the Nobel awards.


Premise: Which other movement was it modeled after?

Hypothesis: In the early 20th century came another turn toward nationalist politics with Solidaridad Gallega (1907–1912) modeled on Solidaritat Catalana in Catalonia.


Premise: Where was the first Baptist church located in Canada?

Hypothesis: The church was established with the assistance of the New Light evangelist Henry Alline.


Premise: How could the locomotives run on four speed levels?

Hypothesis: The tests were a success so, from 1932 until the 1960s, trains on the Budapest-Hegyeshalom line (towards Vienna) regularly used the same system.


Premise: What allowed Brass instruments to play a wider range of notes?

Hypothesis: Brass instruments took on larger roles, as the introduction of rotary valves made it possible for them to play a wider range of notes.


Premise: In 2009 Barcelona became the first team to win six of six competitions in what span of time?

Hypothesis: In the 2014–15 season, Barcelona won another historic treble, making them the first club in European football to win the treble twice.


Premise: Radio broadcasts and what help deter corruption?

Hypothesis: In India, the anti-corruption bureau fights against corruption, and a new ombudsman bill called Jan Lokpal Bill is being prepared.


Premise: What is the exception to this common characteristic?

Hypothesis: Catalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish.


Premise: What film festival does The Times support that is also supported alongside the British Film Institute?

Hypothesis: The Times, along with the British Film Institute, sponsors the "The Times" bfi London Film Festival.


Premise: When was Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee?

Hypothesis: In 1887, the British Empire celebrated Victoria's Golden Jubilee.


Premise: In what neighborhood is the Fred Hutchington Cancer Research Center located?

Hypothesis: The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center has a campus in the Eastlake neighborhood.


Premise: How do the wrestlers treat the audience?

Hypothesis: The audience is recognized and acknowledged by the performers as spectators to the sporting event being portrayed, and are encouraged to interact as such.


Premise: What does primary school consist of?

Hypothesis: The division between primary and secondary education is somewhat arbitrary, but it generally occurs at about eleven or twelve years of age.


Premise: What two ideas did conservative and clerical defenders of traditional religion attack as evil forces that encouraged immorality?

Hypothesis: From the start there was a Counter-Enlightenment in which conservative and clerical defenders of traditional religion attacked materialism and skepticism as evil forces that encouraged immorality.


Premise: Where was Hayek buried in relation to his home town of Vienna?

Hypothesis: In 1991, US President George H. W. Bush awarded Hayek the Presidential Medal of Freedom, one of the two highest civilian awards in the United States, for a "lifetime of looking beyond the horizon".


Premise: What is the legislative branch called?

Hypothesis: The legislative branch, the Philadelphia City Council, consists of ten council members representing individual districts and seven members elected at large.


Premise: When was the Early Agricultural period?

Hypothesis: The floodplain of the Santa Cruz River was extensively farmed during the Early Agricultural period, circa 1200 BC to AD 150.


Premise: Who attacked the abbey?

Hypothesis: It suffered damage during the turbulent 1640s, when it was attacked by Puritan iconoclasts, but was again protected by its close ties to the state during the Commonwealth period.


Premise: During what season were Arsenal's away colors white shirts and white or black shorts?

Hypothesis: In the 1969–70 season, Arsenal introduced an away kit of yellow shirts with blue shorts.


Premise: When did Bozize finally attempt his coup?

Hypothesis: In March 2003, Bozizé launched a surprise attack against Patassé, who was out of the country.


Premise: What entity did Universal have a contract with prior to July of 2007?

Hypothesis: Universal will now supply iTunes in an 'at will' capacity.


Premise: What war began in the year 113 BC?

Hypothesis: In 121 BC, Rome came into contact with two Celtic tribes (from a region in modern France), both of which they defeated with apparent ease.


Premise: What colleague of Democritus, also a Greek philosopher, helped him propose the particulate theory of matter?

Hypothesis: For much of the history of the natural sciences people have contemplated the exact nature of matter.


Premise: What title was Sonam Gyatso granted in 1587?

Hypothesis: China Daily then says that Sonam Gyatso was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama in 1587 [sic!]


Premise: How many times higher is the suicide rate amongst LGBT adolescents than their heterosexual peers?

Hypothesis: Because of this, statistically the suicide rate amongst LGBT adolescents is up to four times higher than that of their heterosexual peers due to bullying and rejection from peers or family members.


Premise: What could be sued for under civil or criminal law?

Hypothesis: As different content was considered in different legal systems, and in the absence of common definitions for "ISPs," "bulletin boards" or "online publishers," early law on online intermediaries' liability varied widely from country to country.


Premise: How many tents did the Sichuan Ministry of Affairs provide?

Hypothesis: The Amity Foundation already began relief work in the region and has earmarked US$143,000 for disaster relief.


Premise: How is steel produced?

Hypothesis: A metal that is normally very soft and malleable, such as aluminium, can be altered by alloying it with another soft metal, like copper.


Premise: How often does the XPT to Sydney depart?

Hypothesis: The city has rail connections with regional Victorian cities, as well as direct interstate rail services to Sydney and Adelaide and beyond which depart from Melbourne's other major rail terminus, Southern Cross Station in Spencer Street.


Premise: When would white men marry the paler and thinner Hawaiian ladies?

Hypothesis: The men, however, selected Hawaiian women who were thinner and paler in complexion.


Premise: What are the FBI and ICE-HSI both members of?

Hypothesis: Immigration and Customs Enforcement Homeland Security Investigations (ICE-HSI) has nearly the same amount of investigative man power as the FBI, and investigates the largest range of crimes.


Premise: What facet of Indian mathematics was introduced into the Arab areas in the early Medieval period?

Hypothesis: The early medieval period Indian mathematics influenced the development of mathematics and astronomy in the Arab world and the Hindu numerals were introduced.


Premise: What percentage of New Yorkers are Christians?

Hypothesis: Christianity (59%), particularly Catholicism (33%), was the most prevalently practiced religion in New York as of 2014, followed by Judaism, with approximately 1.1 million Jews in New York City, over half living in Brooklyn.


Premise: What are the symbols used for deuterium and tritium?

Hypothesis: The symbols D and T (instead of 2H and 3H) are sometimes used for deuterium and tritium, but the corresponding symbol for protium, P, is already in use for phosphorus and thus is not available for protium.


Premise: What development by the Sumerians allowed them to make use of domes?

Hypothesis: The Sumerians also developed the arch, which enabled them to develop a strong type of dome.


Premise: Who was the new movement meant to suit the needs of?

Hypothesis: The approach of the Modernist architects was to reduce buildings to pure forms, removing historical references and ornament in favor of functionalist details.


Premise: What are two types of non-repetitive DNA?

Hypothesis: The proportion of non-repetitive DNA is calculated by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size.


Premise: What services were anticipated to be greatly increased as a result of the congestion charge zone?

Hypothesis: Motorists who are residents of the defined zone can buy a greatly reduced season pass.


Premise: In what year were the railings and gates completed?

Hypothesis: Behind the gilded railings and gates which were completed by the Bromsgrove Guild in 1911 and Webb's famous façade, which has been described in a book published by the Royal Collection as looking "like everybody's idea of a palace", is not only a weekday home of the Queen and Prince Philip but also the London residence of the Duke of York and the Earl and Countess of Wessex.


Premise: December saw how many attacks?

Hypothesis: By the end of November, 1,100 bombers were available for night raids.


Premise: What happened in 1923 that required repairs to many of the city's engineering works?

Hypothesis: A major storm in 1923 necessitated repairs to many of the city's engineering works.


Premise: Who was Barcelona's first full time coach?

Hypothesis: Carles Comamala played an integral part of the four-time champion, managing the side along with Amechazurra and Jack Greenwell.


Premise: Who should be able to challenge administrative orders in court?

Hypothesis: As the dockets of worker compensation commissions, public utility commissions and other agencies burgeoned, it soon became apparent that letting judges decide for themselves all the facts in a dispute (such as the extent of an injury in a worker's compensation case) would overwhelm the courts and destroy the advantages of specialization that led to the creation of administrative agencies in the first place.


Premise: Where are chaffinches Fringilla coelebs from?

Hypothesis: Female chaffinches Fringilla coelebs in Eastern Fennoscandia migrate earlier in the autumn than males do.


Premise: In what neighborhood of Miami is Miami New Times based?

Hypothesis: Other major newspapers include Miami Today, headquartered in Brickell, Miami New Times, headquartered in Midtown, Miami Sun Post, South Florida Business Journal, Miami Times, and Biscayne Boulevard Times.


Premise: Who was the ruler of China in 677?

Hypothesis: In 677 (during the reign of Emperor Gaozong), Chen Zheng (陳政), together with his son Chen Yuanguang (陳元光), led a military expedition to pacify the rebellion in Fujian.


Premise: What in combination with glass fibers is used to make fiberglass?

Hypothesis: These qualities have led to the extensive use of glass in the manufacture of art objects and in particular, stained glass windows.


Premise: When are electric and magnetic fields with zero average values, but their variances are not at zero?

Hypothesis: In QED vacuum, the electric and magnetic fields have zero average values, but their variances are not zero.


Premise: The Monument, located in the City of London, was erected to commemorate what event?

Hypothesis: Nelson's Column is a nationally recognised monument in Trafalgar Square, one of the focal points of central London.


Premise: Gothic and Chinoiserie were the English-speaking world's equivalent of what style?

Hypothesis: John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of the late Georgian era known as The Regency style, he was responsible for designing large areas of London.


Premise: What was launched in 1965 by the business school at KU?

Hypothesis: The program provided the foundation for decision science applications supporting NASA Project Apollo Command Capsule Recovery Operations.


Premise: What happens if a Digimons data is completely destroyed?

Hypothesis: However, if a Digimon's data is completely destroyed, they will die.


Premise: What odd color of sand draws tourists to Bermuda's beaches?

Hypothesis: Bermuda's pink sand beaches and clear, cerulean blue ocean waters are popular with tourists.


Premise: Along with "Cargo Gateway of the Americas," what is another nickname for PortMiami?

Hypothesis: Miami is home to one of the largest ports in the United States, the PortMiami.


Premise: What third language was common among Russian nobles by 1800?

Hypothesis: By 1800, a significant portion of the gentry spoke French daily, and German sometimes.


Premise: How many countries does Israel maintain diplomatic relations?

Hypothesis: Despite the peace treaty between Israel and Egypt, Israel is still widely considered an enemy country among Egyptians.


Premise: Attempts to reconcile which two fields resulted in a widespread rejection of prophecy?

Hypothesis: Attempts to reconcile science and religion resulted in a widespread rejection of prophecy, miracle and revealed religion in preference for Deism – especially by Thomas Paine in The Age of Reason and by Thomas Jefferson in his short Jefferson Bible – from which all supernatural aspects were removed.


Premise: People choose to use what type of facility due to long distances and poor care at Government hospitals?

Hypothesis: The Commissionerate of Health and Family Welfare is responsible for planning, implementation and monitoring of all facilities related to health and preventive services.


Premise: What county in England was named after Hampton?

Hypothesis: The Anglo-Saxons formed a new, larger, settlement across the Itchen centred on what is now the St Mary's area of the city.


Premise: Which religious official was also killed during the fighting?

Hypothesis: Communards captured with weapons were routinely shot by the army and Government troops killed from 7,000–30,000 Communards in the fighting and in massacres of men, women, and children during and after the Commune.


Premise: Highest bird diversity occurs in which regions?

Hypothesis: It was earlier thought that this high diversity was the result of higher speciation rates in the tropics, however recent studies found higher speciation rates in the high latitudes that were offset by greater extinction rates than in the tropics.


Premise: Where did Richmond's Nation of Islam members initially meet?

Hypothesis: There are seven current masjids in the Greater Richmond area, with three more currently in construction, accommodating the growing Muslim population, the first one being Masjid Bilal.


Premise: Which epithet did Apollo have as god of healing and of prophecy?

Hypothesis: The epithet Iatromantis (/aɪˌætrəˈmæntɪs/ eye-AT-rə-MAN-tis; Ἰατρομάντις, Iātromantis, from ἰατρός, "physician", and μάντις, "prophet") refers to both his role as a god of healing and of prophecy.


Premise: Why were former Sun staff members put in police custody in early 2012?

Hypothesis: All five arrested were held on suspicion of corruption.


Premise: When did the financial crisis appear to have ended?

Hypothesis: In April 2009 TIME magazine declared "More Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over."


Premise: What dye was known as the Blood of Saint John?

Hypothesis: For those with even more money there was Polish Cochineal; also known as Kermes vermilio or "Blood of Saint John", which was made from a related insect, the Margodes polonicus.


Premise: When was the book The Bloody Tenent of Persecution published?

Hypothesis: The phrase was later used by Thomas Jefferson as a description of the First Amendment and its restriction on the legislative branch of the federal government, in an 1802 letter to the Danbury Baptists (a religious minority concerned about the dominant position of the Congregationalist church in Connecticut):


Premise: When was the last major attack London saw?

Hypothesis: The last major attack on London was on 10/11 May 1941, on which the Luftwaffe flew 571 sorties and dropped 800 tonnes of bombs.


Premise: What organization did Eisenhower support after the Soviets launched the first artificial satellite?

Hypothesis: He also condemned the Soviet invasion during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 but took no action.


Premise: How many lumens per watt does a typical train light produce?

Hypothesis: For example, a 100-watt, 120-volt lamp will produce about 17.1 lumens per watt.


Premise: When was the treatise that allowed a congregation to elect or remove a minister?

Hypothesis: The members of a congregation had the right to elect a minister and, if necessary, to vote for his dismissal (Treatise On the right and authority of a Christian assembly or congregation to judge all doctrines and to call, install and dismiss teachers, as testified in Scripture; 1523).


Premise: What religions were English scientists in the 17th century?

Hypothesis: Merton focused on English Puritanism and German Pietism as having been responsible for the development of the scientific revolution of the 17th and 18th centuries.


Premise: What was one of the most controversial parts of the Patriot Act?

Hypothesis: Under the PATRIOT Act's provisions, the FBI also resumed inquiring into the library records of those who are suspected of terrorism (something it had supposedly not done since the 1970s).


Premise: What item commonly used in hospitals, schools and offices is a pesticide?

Hypothesis: The term pesticide includes all of the following: herbicide, insecticide, insect growth regulator, nematicide, termiticide, molluscicide, piscicide, avicide, rodenticide, predacide, bactericide, insect repellent, animal repellent, antimicrobial, fungicide, disinfectant (antimicrobial), and sanitizer.


Premise: Where is the site where Hyderabad's solid waste is dumped?

Hypothesis: Hyderabad produces around 4,500 tonnes of solid waste daily, which is transported from collection units in Imlibun, Yousufguda and Lower Tank Bund to the dumpsite in Jawaharnagar.


Premise: What event decreased the CIA's training budget?

Hypothesis: The CIA established its first training facility, the Office of Training and Education, in 1950.


Premise: What year begin the founding of New Haven Harbor?

Hypothesis: In April 1638, the main party of five hundred Puritans who left the Massachusetts Bay Colony under the leadership of the Reverend John Davenport and the London merchant Theophilus Eaton sailed into the harbor.


Premise: Who can enemies detect from a greater distance than in previous games?

Hypothesis: Enemies react to defeated companions and to arrows or slingshot pellets that pass by, and can detect Link from a greater distance than was possible in previous games.


Premise: What were the troops in the British Indian Army?

Hypothesis: The British built a large British Indian Army, with the senior officers all British and many of the troops from small minority groups such as Gurkhas from Nepal and Sikhs.


Premise: How much did the FAA propose to fine Southwest for failing to inspect older planes?

Hypothesis: " In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.


Premise: What derisive label was given to the USSR by the enemies of the Bolsheviks?

Hypothesis: Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized by neighboring countries for five months.


Premise: Drug-resistant TB is one of the barriers to success of the Stop TB Partnership's initiative; what's the other other?

Hypothesis: The World Health Organization declared TB a "global health emergency" in 1993, and in 2006, the Stop TB Partnership developed a Global Plan to Stop Tuberculosis that aims to save 14 million lives between its launch and 2015.


Premise: Whose work did Al-Battani improve?

Hypothesis: The corrections made to the geocentric model by al-Battani, Ibn al-Haytham, Averroes and the Maragha astronomers such as Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi and Ibn al-Shatir are similar to Copernican heliocentric model.


Premise: What is the florida climate

Hypothesis: The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south.


Premise: How many kings and princes were invited to the Golden Jubilee?

Hypothesis: Victoria marked the fiftieth anniversary of her accession on 20 June with a banquet to which 50 kings and princes were invited.


Premise: When did the Austroalpine peaks undergo their event?

Hypothesis: According to geologist Stefan Schmid, because the Western Alps underwent a metamorphic event in the Cenozoic Era while the Austroalpine peaks underwent an event in the Cretaceous Period, the two areas show distinct differences in nappe formations.


Premise: What is a common type of solar water heater?

Hypothesis: Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water.


Premise: How does the aerial refueling aircraft supply fuel during flight?

Hypothesis: The USAF aircraft are equipped primarily for providing the fuel via a tail-mounted refueling boom, and can be equipped with "probe and drogue" refueling systems.


Premise: What did the FDA order removed from stores in 2009?

Hypothesis: On June 16, 2009, the FDA said that consumers should stop using zinc-based intranasal cold products and ordered their removal from store shelves.


Premise: Besides the scientist's hand, what other component of the experiment in which the basic properties of capacitors were discovered acted as the second conductor?

Hypothesis: He also was impressed by the power of the shock he received, writing, "I would not take a second shock for the kingdom of France."


Premise: What company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy?

Hypothesis: The company ceased all business activity, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, and laid-off nearly all of its employees in early September 2011.


Premise: Who discussed emotions in the context of expressive body actions and cultural labels?

Hypothesis: For example, Peggy Thoits described emotions as involving physiological components, cultural or emotional labels (e.g., anger, surprise etc.)


Premise: Where do the pink-footed goose migrate?

Hypothesis: Some ducks, such as the garganey Anas querquedula, move completely or partially into the tropics.


Premise: Jose Batile y Ordonez was president of where?

Hypothesis: Parque Batlle is named in honour of José Batlle y Ordóñez, President of Uruguay from 1911 to 1915.


Premise: What did the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept create around a product?

Hypothesis: The launch of the Macintosh pioneered many different tactics that are used today in launching technology products, including the "multiple exclusive," event marketing (credited to John Sculley, who brought the concept over from Pepsi), creating a mystique around a product and giving an inside look into a product's creation.


Premise: Who wrote Argonautica?

Hypothesis: Another poet, Apollonius of Rhodes, attempted to revive the epic for the Hellenistic world with his Argonautica.


Premise: What is headquartered in Daytona

Hypothesis: Daytona also has the Coke Zero 400 NASCAR race weekend around Independence Day in July.


Premise: When did the new design of the museum open?

Hypothesis: The museum inaugurated a new futuristic-design facility in 2011 just north of Polanco, while maintaining a smaller facility in Plaza Loreto in southern Mexico City.


Premise: What event evolving animals are the Myanmar also accredited with being the first to accomplish?

Hypothesis: The Bronze Age arrived circa 1500 BC when people in the region were turning copper into bronze, growing rice and domesticating poultry and pigs; they were among the first people in the world to do so.


Premise: What does SECARMY stand for?

Hypothesis: The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant, the Secretary of the Army (SECARMY), and by a chief military officer, the Chief of Staff of the Army (CSA) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.


Premise: What is the practive of coprophagia behaviours?

Hypothesis: Instead they extract more nutrition from grass by giving their food a second pass through the gut.


Premise: When did this Civil War take place to free the Iranian peoples from Assyrian rule?

Hypothesis: From the late 10th to late 7th centuries BC, the Iranian peoples, together with the pre-Iranian kingdoms, fell under the domination of the Assyrian Empire, based in northern Mesopotamia.


Premise: How many heads did the scarlet beast which a woman sat on have?

Hypothesis: "So he carried me away in the spirit into the wilderness: and I saw a woman sit upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns. "


Premise: Who instructed the Governor of New South Wales Thomas Brisbane to send the worst convicts to Norfolk Island?

Hypothesis: The convicts detained have long been assumed to be a hardcore of recidivists, or 'doubly-convicted capital respites' – that is, men transported to Australia who committed fresh colonial crimes for which they were sentenced to death, and were spared the gallows on condition of life at Norfolk Island.


Premise: How does Alaska's per capita personal income rank against other states?

Hypothesis: According to a 2013 study by Phoenix Marketing International, Alaska had the fifth-largest number of millionaires per capita in the United States, with a ratio of 6.75 percent.


Premise: Besides its uses as language of religions, for what other application can Sanskrit be used?

Hypothesis: Today it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand.


Premise: Which part of the county is rural and sparsely populated?

Hypothesis: Lancashire is home to a significant Asian population, numbering over 70,000 and 6% of the county's population, and concentrated largely in the former cotton mill towns in the south east.


Premise: What era was there a Gallo-Roman vicus on the same site?

Hypothesis: No archaeological evidence that indicates a settlement on the site of today′s city centre prior to the 12th century has been found so far.


Premise: What theory was Aristotle's explanation based on?

Hypothesis: Aristotle was considered to give a more important position to sense perception than Plato, and commentators in the Middle Ages summarized one of his positions as "nihil in intellectu nisi prius fuerit in sensu" (Latin for "nothing in the intellect without first being in the senses").


Premise: Who had tried to enact a law that places a limit on the amount of property any single individual could possess?

Hypothesis: He attempted to enact a law which would have limited the amount of land that any individual could own.


Premise: To whom was Marvel sold in 1968?

Hypothesis: In 1968, while selling 50 million comic books a year, company founder Goodman revised the constraining distribution arrangement with Independent News he had reached under duress during the Atlas years, allowing him now to release as many titles as demand warranted.


Premise: Who runs Tucson's main power plant?

Hypothesis: The base will soon have the largest solar-generating capacity in the United States Department of Defense after awarding a contract on September 10, 2010, to SunEdison to construct a 14.5 MW PV field on the northwestern side of the base.


Premise: Where are large quantities of H2 needed?

Hypothesis: H_2 is used as a hydrogenating agent, particularly in increasing the level of saturation of unsaturated fats and oils (found in items such as margarine), and in the production of methanol.


Premise: When was Harry Caray's final performance of "Take Me Out to the Ball Game"?

Hypothesis: An album entitled Take Me Out to a Cubs Game was released in 2008.


Premise: How often did Jehovah Witnesses congregations meet prior to 2009?

Hypothesis: Prior to 2009, congregations met three times each week; these meetings were condensed, with the intention that members dedicate an evening for "family worship".


Premise: What % of households were spending less than £20 per week in 2004

Hypothesis: Household survey results suggest the percentage of households spending less than £20 per week on a per capita basis fell from 27% to 8% between 2000 and 2004, implying a decline in income poverty.


Premise: Who is the head for Greece's foreign policy?

Hypothesis: Greece's foreign policy is conducted through the Ministry for Foreign Affairs and its head, the Minister for Foreign Affairs.


Premise: When did republicanism gain strength during Queen Victoria's reign?

Hypothesis: As a result of her seclusion, republicanism temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign her popularity recovered.


Premise: What did this agreement establish?

Hypothesis: The Founder Members Agreement, signed on 17 July 1991 by the game's top-flight clubs, established the basic principles for setting up the FA Premier League.


Premise: Where did Avicenna think Venus was in relation to the sun?

Hypothesis: He used his transit observation to help establish that Venus was, at least sometimes, below the Sun in Ptolemaic cosmology, i.e. the sphere of Venus comes before the sphere of the Sun when moving out from the Earth in the prevailing geocentric model.


Premise: Slavs that remained in the Carpathian basin were assimilated into who?

Hypothesis: Conversely, some Slavs were assimilated into other populations.


Premise: What is the population of the city?

Hypothesis: The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city's population to be 439,896 as of July 1, 2014.


Premise: Where did Pope Francis commemorate his death on 3 June?

Hypothesis: He is commemorated on the date of his death, 3 June, by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and on the following day, 4 June, by the Anglican Church of Canada and the Episcopal Church (United States).


Premise: How was the public sphere defined?

Hypothesis: Elements of the public sphere included: it was egalitarian, it discussed the domain of "common concern," and argument was founded on reason.


Premise: How many prisoners are still held in Burma on political crimes?

Hypothesis: In July 2013, the Assistance Association for Political Prisoners indicated that there were approximately 100 political prisoners being held in Burmese prisons.


Premise: How many men defended the attack from the Dutch in 1673?

Hypothesis: With only twenty-three men, the valiant Martin beat off an attack by three Dutch warships.


Premise: What type of scientist was John Gould?

Hypothesis: In March 1837, ornithologist John Gould announced that Darwin's rhea was a separate species from the previously described rhea (though their territories overlapped), that mockingbirds collected on the Galápagos Islands represented three separate species each unique to a particular island, and that several distinct birds from those islands were all classified as finches.


Premise: What are groups other than blacks considered to be?

Hypothesis: [W]hen ancestry in one of these racial minority groups does not exceed one-fourth, a person is not defined solely as a member of that group.


Premise: what did the spanish think the cities of Quivira and Cíbola were rich in?

Hypothesis: The Spanish thought the Great Plains were the location of the mythological Quivira and Cíbola, a place said to be rich in gold.


Premise: How did the translation of Rubaiyat achieve an Oriental flavor?

Hypothesis: An exception was the outstanding translation in this period, Edward FitzGerald's Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (1859), which achieved its Oriental flavor largely by using Persian names and discreet Biblical echoes and actually drew little of its material from the Persian original.


Premise: Has Bermuda's constitution ever been amended?

Hypothesis: The Constitution of Bermuda came into force on 1 June 1967; it was amended in 1989 and 2003.


Premise: When did the Borders Books open up in Ann Arbor?

Hypothesis: The Borders chain was based in the city, as was its flagship store until it closed in September 2011.


Premise: Software stored in hardware that cannot be changed easily is called what?

Hypothesis: Software refers to parts of the computer which do not have a material form, such as programs, data, protocols, etc.


Premise: What kind of schools did samurai start?

Hypothesis: Some of these exchange students started private schools for higher educations, while many samurai took pens instead of guns and became reporters and writers, setting up newspaper companies, and others entered governmental service.


Premise: What did the Boston Globe have to say about Yale?

Hypothesis: Yale alumni were represented on the Democratic or Republican ticket in every U.S. Presidential election between 1972 and 2004.


Premise: How many orders of mendicant friars came out of the Middle Ages?

Hypothesis: Like his contemporary, Francis, Dominic saw the need for a new type of organization, and the quick growth of the Dominicans and Franciscans during their first century of existence confirms that the orders of mendicant friars met a need.


Premise: Madrasas in which specific location are said to have guided the formation of medieval universities?

Hypothesis: Lowe and Yasuhara have recently drawn on the well-documented influences of scholarship from the Islamic world on the universities of Western Europe to call for a reconsideration of the development of higher education, turning away from a concern with local institutional structures to a broader consideration within a global context.


Premise: What sort of language system is phonology?

Hypothesis: The word phonology (as in the phonology of English) can also refer to the phonological system (sound system) of a given language.


Premise: Daylight Saving Time is sometimes called summer time, but the clocks are actually moved forward in which season?

Hypothesis: A digital display of local time does not read 02:00 exactly at the shift to summer time, but instead jumps from 01:59:59.9 forward to 03:00:00.0.


Premise: How did the Queen view the Indian Rebellion?

Hypothesis: The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides.


Premise: Who suggested the name Oklahoma?

Hypothesis: Choctaw Chief Allen Wright suggested the name in 1866 during treaty negotiations with the federal government regarding the use of Indian Territory, in which he envisioned an all-Indian state controlled by the United States Superintendent of Indian Affairs.


Premise: What lays at the bottom of the Inn Valley

Hypothesis: The Inn valley is an example of a valley carved by glaciers during the ice ages with a typical terraced structure caused by erosion.


Premise: Visitors to what region's beaches often stop at Plymouth?

Hypothesis: Plymouth is often used as a base by visitors to Dartmoor, the Tamar Valley and the beaches of south-east Cornwall.


Premise: When did Giotto die?

Hypothesis: During this period the practice of manuscript illumination gradually passed from monasteries to lay workshops, so that according to Janetta Benton "by 1300 most monks bought their books in shops", and the book of hours developed as a form of devotional book for lay-people.


Premise: The hollow worked stones lamps found in Lascaux caves date back how far?

Hypothesis: With the discovery of fire, the earliest form of artificial lighting used to illuminate an area were campfires or torches.


Premise: Where did Virgil's name become a generic term for magic-worker?

Hypothesis: Virgil's legacy in medieval Wales was such that the Welsh version of his name, Fferyllt or Pheryllt, became a generic term for magic-worker, and survives in the modern Welsh word for pharmacist, fferyllydd.


Premise: In addition to technology, Fachhochschulen offer courses in social science, medicine, design, and what other discipline?

Hypothesis: They grant bachelor's degrees and master's degrees, and focus more on teaching than research and more on specific professions than on science.


Premise: What group of people were suddenly free to go shopping without fears of being judged or reprimanded?

Hypothesis: This urbanized social group, sharing a culture of consumption and changing fashion, was the catalyst for the retail revolution.


Premise: Why weren't the Ugyhurs deported back to China?

Hypothesis: They were cleared as safe for release from Guantánamo in 2005 or 2006, but US domestic law prohibited deporting them back to China, their country of citizenship, because the US government determined that China was likely to violate their human rights.


Premise: In 1948, what general assembly resolution established genocide as a prosecutable act?

Hypothesis: In 1948, the UN General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) which defined the crime of genocide for the first time.


Premise: What town did Victoria visit in the center of England on her trip with the Dutchess of kent and Conroy?

Hypothesis: In 1830, the Duchess of Kent and Conroy took Victoria across the centre of England to visit the Malvern Hills, stopping at towns and great country houses along the way.


Premise: What type of donations did the Jerkins Orphanage accept?

Hypothesis: Orphanages around the country began to develop brass bands in the wake of the Jenkins Orphanage Band's success.


Premise: How many kilometers is it away from London?

Hypothesis: The city is spread widely on both banks of the river.


Premise: How many states are on the Frontier Strip?

Hypothesis: It is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New Mexico, and on the south and near-west by Texas.


Premise: On 6 June 2005, The Times redesigned what page of its newspaper?

Hypothesis: On 6 June 2005, The Times redesigned its Letters page, dropping the practice of printing correspondents' full postal addresses.


Premise: What position was Ben Franklin appointed in 1776?

Hypothesis: In June 1776, Benjamin Franklin was appointed a member of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence.


Premise: What percentage of the population in 2011 were millenials?

Hypothesis: Millennials (ages 18 through 34) constitute 27.1% of San Diego's population, the second-highest percentage in a major U.S. city.


Premise: What factor has caused an increased demand for fish?

Hypothesis: The rising population has resulted in an increased demand on fish stocks, which are under stress; although the creation of the Funafuti Conservation Area has provided a fishing exclusion area to help sustain the fish population across the Funafuti lagoon.


Premise: What did the king lose on his way to the west?

Hypothesis: The king returned west but is said to have lost a significant part of his baggage train along the way.


Premise: What type of meat is never present in halal dishes?

Hypothesis: Despite the variety, there remains one thing that unites the various regional cuisines: all food is served halal.


Premise: Ctenophora and the Cnidaria include what sea creatures?

Hypothesis: As such, these animals are sometimes called diploblastic.


Premise: What scriptures describe hunting as and acceptable occupation?

Hypothesis: Even figures considered godly are described to have engaged in hunting.


Premise: What is the success rate for male Aeta hunters?

Hypothesis: Aeta women hunt in groups and with dogs, and have a 31% success rate as opposed to 17% for men.


Premise: When was HDTV introduced in the US?

Hypothesis: The American Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) HDTV system had its public launch on October 29, 1998, during the live coverage of astronaut John Glenn's return mission to space on board the Space Shuttle Discovery.


Premise: In what year was the Malleus Maleficarum published?

Hypothesis: Besides mysticism, belief in witches and witchcraft became widespread, and by the late 15th century the Church had begun to lend credence to populist fears of witchcraft with its condemnation of witches in 1484 and the publication in 1486 of the Malleus Maleficarum, the most popular handbook for witch-hunters.


Premise: Until what century did the Kabul Shahi dynasties rule the Kabul Valley?

Hypothesis: The kingdom was known as the Kabul Shahan or Ratbelshahan from 565-670, when the capitals were located in Kapisa and Kabul, and later Udabhandapura, also known as Hund for its new capital.


Premise: When was the USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.1 released?

Hypothesis: The USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.1 (released in 2007) defines a new type of USB port, called the charging port.


Premise: What do Jehovah Witnesses consider the science and history within the Bible to be?

Hypothesis: They consider the Bible to be the final authority for all their beliefs, although sociologist Andrew Holden's ethnographic study of the religion concluded that pronouncements of the Governing Body, through Watch Tower Society publications, carry almost as much weight as the Bible.


Premise: What company purchased Horne's in 1972?

Hypothesis: In December 1986, Horne's was acquired by a local investor group following ADG's acquisition by May Department Stores.


Premise: What are some of the members of the Armed Forces Council?

Hypothesis: The Armed Forces' 115,349 personnel are divided into a hierarchy of numerous ranks of officers and non-commissioned members.


Premise: What journalist from the New York Times stated his believe in Nassim Nicholas Taleb?

Hypothesis: According to David Brooks from the New York Times, "Taleb not only has an explanation for what’s happening, he saw it coming."


Premise: Where did Adolf Hitler establish a home in the 1930s?

Hypothesis: Austrian-born Adolf Hitler had a lifelong romantic fascination with the Alps and by the 1930s established a home in the Obersalzberg region outside of Berchtesgaden.


Premise: Which airport is the second busiest in all of Australia?

Hypothesis: Melbourne also has a significant general aviation airport, Moorabbin Airport in the city's south east that also handles a small number of passenger flights.


Premise: What affluent family did Chopin gain a patronage from?

Hypothesis: Later that year he was introduced to the wealthy Rothschild banking family, whose patronage also opened doors for him to other private salons (social gatherings of the aristocracy and artistic and literary elite).


Premise: What should secondary training provide a student in the secondary stage of school?

Hypothesis: He wrote that this was a transitional stage and that there needs to be flexibility regarding the age in which pupils graduate, as the student's emotional development and chosen subjects need to be taken into account.


Premise: What did the Democrat party do in the 1970

Hypothesis: In this period, African Americans were still disenfranchised by the state's constitution and discriminatory practices; in the 19th century they had made up most of the Republican Party.


Premise: What did the new post-punk artists believe?

Hypothesis: The term "post-punk" was first used by journalists in the late 1970s to describe groups moving beyond punk's sonic template into disparate areas.


Premise: What Apple mouse 1st used multi-touch gesture recognition?

Hypothesis: In October 2009, Apple introduced the Magic Mouse, which uses multi-touch gesture recognition (similar to that of the iPhone) instead of a physical scroll wheel or ball.


Premise: What television station made a documentary on Chopin?

Hypothesis: Chopin's life was covered in a BBC TV documentary Chopin –


Premise: What does the letter of the abbreviated notation for the electrical characteristics of smaller capacitors represent?

Hypothesis: Most capacitors have numbers printed on their bodies to indicate their electrical characteristics.


Premise: How do Hawking and Mlodinow believe the question of God can be answered?

Hypothesis: Stephen Hawking and co-author Leonard Mlodinow state in their book, The Grand Design, that it is reasonable to ask who or what created the universe, but if the answer is God, then the question has merely been deflected to that of who created God.


Premise: In what ways can the gender of God be viewed?

Hypothesis: The gender of God may be viewed as either a literal or an allegorical aspect of a deity who, in classical western philosophy, transcends bodily form.


Premise: According to actor Tom Hiddleston, that is special about Eton?

Hypothesis: It has the facilities and the excellence of teaching and it will find what you’re good at and nurture it", while the actor Tom Hiddleston says there are widespread misconceptions about Eton, and that "People think it's just full of braying toffs...


Premise: Who uses the Latin alphabet?

Hypothesis: The Orthodox use the Cyrillic alphabet and the Roman Catholics use Latin alphabet, the Bosniaks who are Muslims also use the Latin.


Premise: Who did the Ming emperors send invitations to?

Hypothesis: According to Tibetologist John Powers, Tibetan sources counter this narrative of titles granted by the Chinese to Tibetans with various titles which the Tibetans gave to the Chinese emperors and their officials.


Premise: How many people visited the Hanover Zoo in 2010?

Hypothesis: In 2010 the Hanover Zoo had over 1.6 million visitors.


Premise: What is the common density of printing paper?

Hypothesis: Printing paper is about 800 kg/m3 (50 lb/cu ft).


Premise: In what European areas is Protestantism still the most practiced religion?

Hypothesis: These include the Nordic countries and the United Kingdom.


Premise: How many Dubai-based airlines are owned by Somalis?

Hypothesis: Somali-owned businesses line the streets of Deira, the Dubai city centre, with only Iranians exporting more products from the city at large.


Premise: On what date did Eisenhower leave active duty in the military?

Hypothesis: The trustees of Columbia University refused to accept Eisenhower's resignation in December 1950, when he took an extended leave from the university to become the Supreme Commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and he was given operational command of NATO forces in Europe.


Premise: Which is Australia's busiest port?

Hypothesis: Ship transport is an important component of Melbourne's transport system.


Premise: The Langone Medical Center is part of what college?

Hypothesis: The Introductory Course is a course that gives students an overview of the basics of immunology.


Premise: Do adolescents perform significantly better on IQ tests than other age groups?

Hypothesis: Wisdom is not the same as intelligence: adolescents do not improve substantially on IQ tests since their scores are relative to others in their same age group, and relative standing usually does not change—everyone matures at approximately the same rate in this way.


Premise: What are the ideal chemical properties for the gas in a light bulb?

Hypothesis: The presence of gas molecules knocks the liberated tungsten atoms back to the filament, reducing its evaporation and allowing it to be operated at higher temperature without reducing its life (or, for operating at the same temperature, prolongs the filament life).


Premise: How many parades take place during Carnival?

Hypothesis: The latter two parades are open to anyone who wishes to participate.


Premise: Where is Greyhound terminal located?

Hypothesis: Most of Greyhound's services in Philadelphia operate to/from the Philadelphia Greyhound Terminal, located at 1001 Filbert Street in Center City Philadelphia.


Premise: Who did the Guinness Book of World Records say was the oldest dog in 2011?

Hypothesis: The dog widely reported to be the longest-lived is "Bluey", who died in 1939 and was claimed to be 29.5 years old at the time of his death.


Premise: What sector puts up most of Southampton's economic contribution?

Hypothesis: According to 2004 figures, Southampton contributes around £4.2 bn to the regional economy annually.


Premise: Who used Pan-Slavism as a political tool?

Hypothesis: Pan-Slavism, a movement which came into prominence in the mid-19th century, emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples.


Premise: Of which Washington county is Seattle the center?

Hypothesis: With an estimated 662,400 residents as of 2015[update], Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America.


Premise: What political party is mostly supported by orthodox jews?

Hypothesis: While the overwhelming majority of non-Orthodox American Jews are on average strongly liberal and supporters of the Democratic Party, the Modern Orthodox subgroup of Orthodox Judaism tends to be far more conservative, with roughly half describing themselves as political conservatives, and are mostly Republican Party supporters.


Premise: How many performers are in the Tucson Folk Festival?

Hypothesis: In addition to nationally known headline acts each evening, the Festival highlights over 100 local and regional musicians on five stages is one of the largest free festivals in the country.


Premise: What does a nonstandard dialect usually not have compared to a standard dialect?

Hypothesis: The Dialect Test was designed by Joseph Wright to compare different English dialects with each other.


Premise: What group operation is taken by the set from the original group?

Hypothesis: This set inherits a group operation (sometimes called coset multiplication, or coset addition) from the original group G: (gN) • (hN) =


Premise: While Christianity is ultimately one belief, a wide range of what is found among the different denominations and sects?

Hypothesis: A wide range of beliefs and practices is found across the world among those who call themselves Christian.


Premise: What could an accomplished tailor or seamstress skillfully render almost invisible?

Hypothesis: A meticulous tailor or seamstress could mend rips with thread raveled from hems and seam edges so skillfully that the tear was practically invisible.


Premise: What style of architecture was used to design the Brooklyn Bridge?

Hypothesis: The Brooklyn Bridge is an icon of the city itself.


Premise: In what year did the New Zealand governor-general last personally grant the royal assent in parliament?

Hypothesis: A similar practice is followed in New Zealand, where the governor-general has not personally granted the Royal Assent in parliament since 1875.


Premise: VH1 listed her at what number on their 100 Sexiest Artists list?

Hypothesis: In January 2013, GQ placed her on its cover, featuring her atop its "100 Sexiest Women of the 21st Century" list.


Premise: An example of a more specific genocidal crime of which one could be accused was what?

Hypothesis: Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in 1948 defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust were found guilty of crimes against humanity and other more specific crimes like murder.


Premise: Who won the 1993 Nigerian election?

Hypothesis: After Babangida survived an abortive coup, he pushed back the promised return to democracy to 1992.


Premise: Who did Hitler have a conflict over running the air force?

Hypothesis: When Hitler tried to intervene more in the running of the air force later in the war, he was faced with a political conflict of his own making between himself and Göring, which was not fully resolved until the war was almost over.


Premise: How many troops did Toyotomi Hideyoshi send to Korea?

Hypothesis: In spite of the superiority of Japanese land forces, ultimately the two expeditions failed (though they did devastate the Korean landmass) from factors such as Korean naval superiority (which, led by Admiral Yi Sun-shin, harassed Japanese supply lines continuously throughout the wars, resulting in supply shortages on land), the commitment of sizeable Ming forces to Korea, Korean guerrilla actions, the underestimation of resistance by Japanese commanders (in the first campaign of 1592, Korean defenses on land were caught unprepared, under-trained, and under-armed; they were rapidly overrun, with only a limited number of successfully resistant engagements against the more-experienced and battle-hardened Japanese forces - in the second campaign of 1597, Korean and Ming forces proved to be a far more difficult challenge and, with the support of continued Korean naval superiority, limited Japanese gains to parts southeastern Korea), and wavering Japanese commitment to the campaigns as the wars dragged on.


Premise: What school considered a merger with Waikato Institute of Technology that was later abandoned?

Hypothesis: The Central Institute of Technology explored a merger with the Waikato Institute of Technology, which was abandoned, but later, after financial concerns, controversially amalgamated with Hutt Valley Polytechnic, which in turn became Wellington Institute of Technology.


Premise: Which radio station caters for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender audiences?

Hypothesis: Melbourne has many community run stations that serve alternative interests, such as 3CR and 3KND (Indigenous).


Premise: Where is Dunavant Enterprises based?

Hypothesis: Dunavant Enterprises, based in Memphis, Tennessee, is the leading cotton broker in Africa, with hundreds of purchasing agents.


Premise: What did the British and French air forces bomb?

Hypothesis: Moreover, he feared that if the armored corps was dispatched to confront the Israeli invading force and the British and French subsequently landed in the canal city of Port Said, Egyptian armor in the Sinai would be cut off from the canal and destroyed by the combined tripartite forces.


Premise: How was Egyptian culture under Nasser refered to?

Hypothesis: Egypt under Nasser dominated the Arab world in these fields, producing cultural icons.


Premise: What did the governor order constructed?

Hypothesis: After the Civil War began, Governor Zebulon Baird Vance ordered the construction of breastworks around the city as protection from Union troops.