Premise: When was China Galileo Industries (CGI) founded?

Hypothesis: Based on the Sino-European Cooperation Agreement on Galileo program, China Galileo Industries (CGI), the prime contractor of the China’s involvement in Galileo programs, was founded in December 2004.


Premise: What is the total area of the nation of Eritrea?

Hypothesis: Eritrea (/ˌɛrᵻˈtreɪ.ə/ or /ˌɛrᵻˈtriːə/;, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in East Africa.


Premise: About how much of UK's passenger traffic did Southampton handle during the inter-war period?

Hypothesis: Southampton has always been a port, and the docks have long been a major employer in the city.


Premise: Where is Internet Archive headquartered?

Hypothesis: The service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a "three dimensional index."


Premise: Where is Nazareth located?

Hypothesis: The identification of Jesus as the Messiah is not accepted by Judaism.


Premise: What sets animals apart from bacteria  and most protists?

Hypothesis: Animals have several characteristics that set them apart from other living things.


Premise: What was he accused of doing to a church?

Hypothesis: Classical scholar Timothy Barnes relates contemporary allegations against Athanasius: from defiling an altar, to selling Church grain that had been meant to feed the poor for his own personal gain, and even violence and murder to suppress dissent.


Premise: Vipassana meditation can reveal how the mind was what?

Hypothesis: Jhanas are also states that Arahants abide in order to rest.


Premise: Along with Turkey, France and Italy, where did expelled Spanish Jews travel to?

Hypothesis: Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary.


Premise: Where was the Galeb docked after Tito's death?

Hypothesis: After Tito's death the presidential Boeing 727 was sold to Aviogenex, the Galeb remained docked in Montenegro, while the Blue Train was stored in a Serbian train shed for over two decades.


Premise: What type of orchids used to be pleantiful

Hypothesis: Apple orchards were once plentiful, and Somerset is still a major producer of cider.


Premise: What is the term used for the study of beer?

Hypothesis: Various social traditions and activities are associated with beer drinking, such as playing cards, darts, or other pub games; attending beer festivals; engaging in zythology (the study of beer); visiting a series of pubs in one evening; visiting breweries; beer-oriented tourism; or rating beer.


Premise: The only surviving mosaic from the Komnenos dynasty outside Constantinople is in what church?

Hypothesis: The imperial mausoleum of the Komnenos dynasty, the Pantokrator Monastery was certainly decorated with great mosaics but these were later destroyed.


Premise: In what year did the tunnel open?

Hypothesis: Although Wynn's plans for development in the city were scrapped in 2002, the tunnel opened in 2001.


Premise: When was the second part of the case decided?

Hypothesis: The first prong was decided in favor of the news generators; in June 2014 the second prong was decided by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), which ruled that the temporary web cache of consumers of the aggregator did not infringe the copyright of the news generators.


Premise: What industry was targeted

Hypothesis: Governor Jeb Bush realized that watershed events such as Andrew negatively impacted Florida's backbone industry of tourism severely.


Premise: How many shocks ranged from 4.0 MS to 4.9 MS?

Hypothesis: Between 64 and 104 major aftershocks, ranging in magnitude from 4.0 to 6.1, were recorded within 72 hours of the main quake.


Premise: What percentage of Charleston County's was black in 1875?

Hypothesis: In the 1876 election cycle, two major riots between black Republicans and white Democrats occurred in the city, in September and the day after the election in November, as well as a violent incident in Cainhoy at an October joint discussion meeting.


Premise: What individuals are particularly susceptible to opportunistic infections?

Hypothesis: Individuals who have a suppressed immune system are particularly susceptible to opportunistic infections.


Premise: Often the water in wood makes it more pliable and what else?

Hypothesis: The general effect of the water content upon the wood substance is to render it softer and more pliable.


Premise: Where does the Pindus mountain range end?

Hypothesis: The spectacular Vikos Gorge, part of the Vikos-Aoos National Park in the Pindus range, is listed by the Guinness book of World Records as the deepest gorge in the world.


Premise: Where does Seattle rank in rush hour traffic?

Hypothesis: The city has found itself "bursting at the seams," with over 45,000 households spending more than half their income on housing and at least 2,800 people homeless, and with the country's sixth-worst rush hour traffic.


Premise: What is Houston's nickname?

Hypothesis: Nicknamed the Space City, Houston is a global city, with strengths in business, international trade, entertainment, culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine and research.


Premise: What is one parent company of the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company?

Hypothesis: Securities analysts nicknamed the company Big Blue for its size and common use of the color in products, packaging and its logo.


Premise: How long did the earthquake last?

Hypothesis: The epicenter was in Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, 80 km west/northwest of the provincial capital of Chengdu, with its main tremor occurring at 14:28:01.42 China Standard Time (06:28:01.42 UTC), on May 12, 2008 lasting for around 2 minutes, in the quake almost 80% of buildings were destroyed.


Premise: What is the best known of the alpine plants?

Hypothesis: Perhaps the best known of the alpine plants is the Edelweiss which grows in rocky areas and can be found at altitudes as low as 1,400 m (4,593 ft) and as high as 3,400 m (11,155 ft).


Premise: When did Siddhārtha Gautama live?

Hypothesis: The evidence of the early texts suggests that Siddhārtha Gautama was born in a community that was on the periphery, both geographically and culturally, of the northeastern Indian subcontinent in the fifth century BCE.


Premise: What is the name of the cathedral in Northern England that first displayed the use of the pointed arch?

Hypothesis: But while pointed arch is so strongly associated with the Gothic style, it was first used in Western architecture in buildings that were in other ways clearly Romanesque, notably Durham Cathedral in the north of England, Monreale Cathedral and Cathedral of Cefalù in Sicily, Autun Cathedral in France.


Premise: What is one example of an acoustic phonograph on which one would listen to electric recordings?

Hypothesis: The Victor Orthophonic phonograph was a prime example where such playback was expected.


Premise: What percentage of available jobs in Southampton are in wholesale and retail industries?

Hypothesis: A further 19 per cent are property and other business and the third largest sector is wholesale and retail, which accounts for 16.2 percent.


Premise: When were the Byzantines expelled?

Hypothesis: After the expulsion of the Byzantines in 625, Visigothic military contingents were posted there and the ancient Roman amphitheatre was fortified.


Premise: What is the only conviction that can lead to the death penalty?

Hypothesis: At the second hearing, the jury determines whether certain statutory aggravating factors exist, whether any mitigating factors exist, and, in many jurisdictions, weigh the aggravating and mitigating factors in assessing the ultimate penalty – either death or life in prison, either with or without parole.


Premise: What type of government did Espartero have?

Hypothesis: During this period of upheaval in the provinces he declared that all the estates of the Church, its congregations, and its religious orders were national property—though in Valencia, most of this property was subsequently acquired by the local bourgeoisie.


Premise: how many ships sailed  from Torbay?

Hypothesis: The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian expeditions.


Premise: What are some examples of units that short-term memory can be categorized in to?

Hypothesis: For example, short-term memory can be broken up into different units such as visual information and acoustic information.


Premise: Strict notation is required with HD fractional rates to avoid what?

Hypothesis: 60 Hz high definition television supports both fractional and slightly different integer rates, therefore strict usage of notation is required to avoid ambiguity.


Premise: What gene is responsible for coding for a sodium channel necessary for conducting pain nerve stimuli?

Hypothesis: A much smaller number of people are insensitive to pain due to an inborn abnormality of the nervous system, known as "congenital insensitivity to pain".


Premise: Name the line that splits the Indonesian Archipelago?

Hypothesis: The Indonesian Archipelago is split by the Wallace Line.


Premise: In the 1940s, what percentage of travellers used public transport?

Hypothesis: Flinders Street Station was the world's busiest passenger station in 1927 and Melbourne's tram network overtook Sydney's to become the world's largest in the 1940s, at which time 25% of travellers used public transport but by 2003 it had declined to just 7.6%.


Premise: What sort of dielectric is used in low capacitance devices?

Hypothesis: Most types of capacitor include a dielectric spacer, which increases their capacitance.


Premise: Besides low gain antennas, what is also used as driven elements in complicated higher gain types of antennas?

Hypothesis: The most widely used class of antenna, a dipole antenna consists of two symmetrical radiators such as metal rods or wires, with one side of the balanced feedline from the transmitter or receiver attached to each.


Premise: After the revolution Quakers and mennonited encouraged slaveholders to do what?

Hypothesis: Some were inspired by their efforts and the language of the Revolution to arrange for manumission of their slaves.


Premise: Approximately how many Israeli Jews are born in Israel?

Hypothesis: Jews from Europe and the former Soviet Union and their descendants born in Israel, including Ashkenazi Jews, constitute approximately 50% of Jewish Israelis.


Premise: A general matching network needs a minimum of how many adjustments to correct all components of impedance?

Hypothesis: A general matching network with at least two adjustments can be made to correct both components of impedance.


Premise: Near what cities are the Portuguese airports located?

Hypothesis: Lisbon's geographical position makes it a stopover for many foreign airlines at several airports within the country.


Premise: What other political groups exist other than the two dominant ones?

Hypothesis: Portugal operates a multi-party system of competitive legislatures/local administrative governments at the national-, regional- and local-levels.


Premise: Do children or adolescents define themselves based on values, thoughts, and opinions?

Hypothesis: As a result, adolescents experience a significant shift from the simple, concrete, and global self-descriptions typical of young children; as children, they defined themselves by physical traits whereas as adolescents, they define themselves based on their values, thoughts, and opinions.


Premise: According to Hodgson, how long ago did the Ethio-Somalis diverge from other non-African ancestries?

Hypothesis: (2014), the Afro-Asiatic languages were likely spread across Africa and the Near East by an ancestral population(s) carrying a newly identified non-African genetic component, which the researchers dub the "Ethio-Somali".


Premise: How many SSBN "Boomer" squadrons were homeported at the Weapons Station?

Hypothesis: During this period, the Weapons Station was the Atlantic Fleet's loadout base for all nuclear ballistic missile submarines.


Premise: What does the Sahara have little of?

Hypothesis: The northern and southern reaches of the desert, along with the highlands, have areas of sparse grassland and desert shrub, with trees and taller shrubs in wadis where moisture collects.


Premise: What was made illegal in 1792?

Hypothesis: An 1814 census recorded 3,507 people on the island.


Premise: What defines a climbing elevator?

Hypothesis: A climbing elevator is a self-ascending elevator with its own propulsion.


Premise: In front of what NJ building was the street paved with asphalt in 1870?

Hypothesis: Roads in the US have been paved with materials that include asphalt/bitumen since at least 1870, when a street in front of the Newark, NJ City Hall was paved.


Premise: Where can you obtain information about the Sunshine Act?

Hypothesis: In the US, starting in 2013, under the Physician Financial Transparency Reports (part of the Sunshine Act), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has to collect information from applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations in order to report information about their financial relationships with physicians and hospitals.


Premise: How did Mark Antony die?

Hypothesis: Antony was defeated in the naval Battle of Actium in 31 BC, and he committed suicide with his lover, Cleopatra.


Premise: What is a term of the 20th centrury intended to stabilize the geographical application of Near East to ancient history?

Hypothesis: The Ancient Near East is a term of the 20th century intended to stabilize the geographical application of Near East to ancient history.[citation needed]


Premise: What year did Black leaders call for this change in language?

Hypothesis: Though initially a source of pride, many blacks feared that the use of African as an identity would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US.


Premise: When did Athanasius return to his position as Patriarch?

Hypothesis: Athanasius appealed for unity among all those who had faith in Christianity, even if they differed on matters of terminology.


Premise: How many doctoral degrees did Northwestern confer during the 2012-2013 school term?

Hypothesis: Accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools and the respective national professional organizations for chemistry, psychology, business, education, journalism, music, engineering, law, and medicine, the university offers 124 undergraduate programs and 145 graduate and professional programs.


Premise: When did  Deshin Shekpa  die?

Hypothesis: Despite this glowing message by the Emperor, Chan writes that a year later in 1446, the Ming court cut off all relations with the Karmapa hierarchs.


Premise: What program with a direction in its name does the BBC broadcast from Southampton?

Hypothesis: That's Solent is an local television channel that began broadcasting in November 2014, which will be based in and serve Southampton and Portsmouth.


Premise: What is one of the first known instances of translation in the West?

Hypothesis: One of the first recorded instances of translation in the West was the rendering of the Old Testament into Greek in the 3rd century BCE.


Premise: What country refused to allow forces to stage within it?

Hypothesis: (Turkey had refused to permit its territory to be used for an invasion from the north.)


Premise: What was Popper's wife's name?

Hypothesis: Popper's estate is managed by his secretary and personal assistant Melitta Mew and her husband Raymond.


Premise: On what date did Pope Paul VI die?

Hypothesis: Pope Paul VI (Latin: Paulus VI; Italian: Paolo VI), born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini (Italian pronunciation: [dʒioˈvani baˈtista enˈriko anˈtonjo marˈija monˈtini]; 26 September 1897 – 6 August 1978), reigned as Pope from 21 June 1963 to his death in 1978.


Premise: When did the Russian Caucasus Army advance into eastern Anatolia?

Hypothesis: In 1915, as the Russian Caucasus Army continued to advance into eastern Anatolia, the Ottoman government started the deportation of its ethnic Armenian population, resulting in the death of approximately 1.5 million Armenians in what became known as the Armenian Genocide.


Premise: After giving up their position at Poti and Redut Kale, where did the Russians retreat to?

Hypothesis: Being outnumbered the Russians abandoned Poti and Redut Kale and drew back to Marani.


Premise: In 1955, what two hurricanes occurred within a week of one another?

Hypothesis: In 1955, three hurricanes brought record rainfall to Richmond within a six-week period.


Premise: How many times did John levi scutage payments?

Hypothesis: The result was a sequence of innovative but unpopular financial measures.[nb 10] John levied scutage payments eleven times in his seventeen years as king, as compared to eleven times in total during the reign of the preceding three monarchs.


Premise: Who used the term anthropology to describe the natural history of man?

Hypothesis: Sporadic use of the term for some of the subject matter occurred subsequently, such as the use by Étienne Serres in 1838 to describe the natural history, or paleontology, of man, based on comparative anatomy, and the creation of a chair in anthropology and ethnography in 1850 at the National Museum of Natural History (France) by Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau.


Premise: By 2018, how many active Army members will there be?

Hypothesis: In June 2013, the Army announced plans to downsize to 32 active combat brigade teams by 2015 to match a reduction in active duty strength to 490,000 soldiers.


Premise: When did King Sobhuza II die?

Hypothesis: Following the elections of 1973, the constitution of Swaziland was suspended by King Sobhuza II who thereafter ruled the country by decree until his death in 1982.


Premise: What reached it height during the reign of Shah Jehan?

Hypothesis: The reign of Shah Jahan was the golden age of Mughal architecture.


Premise: How many autonomous oblasts were part of the RSFSR?

Hypothesis: The Republic comprised sixteen autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, ten autonomous okrugs, six krais, and forty oblasts.


Premise: Who first came up with the idea for a Chinese satellite navigation system?

Hypothesis: According to the China National Space Administration, the development of the system would be carried out in three steps:


Premise: Apart from the Indian traders, who else discovered the Malay peninsula for trade?

Hypothesis: Indian traders came to the archipelago both for its abundant forest and maritime products and to trade with merchants from China, who also discovered the Malay world at an early date.


Premise: Which three personalities from previous films appear in Spectre?

Hypothesis: Several recurring James Bond characters, including M, Q and Eve Moneypenny return, with the new additions of Léa Seydoux as Dr. Madeleine Swann, Dave Bautista as Mr. Hinx, Andrew Scott as Max Denbigh and Monica Bellucci as Lucia Sciarra.


Premise: The convention deposed Carranza in favor of whom?

Hypothesis: The convention deposed Carranza in favor of Eulalio Gutiérrez.


Premise: When did Dou Wu die?

Hypothesis: Palace eunuchs imprisoned the official Li Ying (李膺) and his associates from the Imperial University on a dubious charge of treason.


Premise: The Feuerleitung (Blaze Control) tactic led to what creation for marking targets?

Hypothesis: Special units, such as KGr 100, became the Beleuchtergruppe (Firelighter Group), which used incendiaries and high explosive to mark the target area.


Premise: How many churches are present in Plymouth?

Hypothesis: In 1831 the first Brethren assembly in England, a movement of conservative non-denominational Evangelical Christians, was established in the city, so that Brethren are often called Plymouth Brethren, although the movement did not begin locally.


Premise: Which current native tribes are thought to be descendants of the Casas Grandes?

Hypothesis: According to anthropologist current natives tribes (Yaqui, Mayo, Opata, and Tarahumara) are descendants of the Casas Grandes culture.


Premise: What is the highest resolution of video supported by youtube?

Hypothesis: In June 2015, support for 8K resolution was added, with the videos playing at 7680×4320 pixels.


Premise: Which army was forced to retreat to Metz and surrender two months later?

Hypothesis: The next morning, the French Army of the Rhine, rather than resume the battle with an attack of its own against the battle-weary German armies, retreated to Metz where they were besieged and forced to surrender two months later.


Premise: What is the name of the group that reported the information regarding the populace in Burma ?

Hypothesis: Burma's education system is modelled after that of the United Kingdom.


Premise: Because higher performance was needed, Krupp's workers designed what?

Hypothesis: Germany's high-altitude needs were originally going to be filled by a 75 mm gun from Krupp, designed in collaboration with their Swedish counterpart Bofors, but the specifications were later amended to require much higher performance.


Premise: What year did Arthur Berry patent his print-and-etch method?

Hypothesis: Development of the methods used in modern printed circuit boards started early in the 20th century.


Premise: Which president did Notre Dame have in 1947?

Hypothesis: Cavanaugh also presided over the construction of the Nieuwland Science Hall, Fisher Hall, and the Morris Inn, as well as the Hall of Liberal Arts (now O'Shaughnessy Hall), made possible by a donation from I.A. O'Shaughnessy, at the time the largest ever made to an American Catholic university.


Premise: When will government subsidies to Thuringia end?

Hypothesis: The high economic subsidies granted by the federal government and the EU after 1990 are being reduced gradually and will end around 2020.


Premise: What replaced Army 95 in 2003?

Hypothesis: The structure of the Swiss militia system stipulates that the soldiers keep their Army issued equipment, including all personal weapons, at home.


Premise: What politician did Nasser admire?

Hypothesis: Nasser was greatly influenced by Egyptian nationalism, as espoused by politician Mustafa Kamel, poet Ahmed Shawqi, and his anti-colonialist instructor at the Royal Military Academy, Aziz al-Masri, to whom Nasser expressed his gratitude in a 1961 newspaper interview.


Premise: What is the commonly held notion regarding the dual nature of the soul called?

Hypothesis: It was thought that each person had a two-part soul: the spirit-soul (hun 魂) which journeyed to the afterlife paradise of immortals (xian), and the body-soul (po 魄) which remained in its grave or tomb on earth and was only reunited with the spirit-soul through a ritual ceremony.


Premise: What percentage of homicides were committed by Asians between 1980 and 2008?

Hypothesis: However, according to a 2003 Amnesty International report, blacks and whites were the victims of murder in almost equal numbers, yet 80 percent of the people executed since 1977 were convicted of murders involving white victims.


Premise: What regional planning agency offers graphs and tables of census information for San Diego?

Hypothesis: The San Diego County regional planning agency, SANDAG, provides tables and graphs breaking down the city population into 5-year age groups.


Premise: How many miles is Tuscon from the US - Mexico border?

Hypothesis: Tucson is located 118 mi (190 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the United States - Mexico border.


Premise: Are the sessions of City Parliament private or public?

Hypothesis: The sessions of the City Parliament are public.


Premise: In what year did the risk of dying from TB reach half what it was in 1995?

Hypothesis: Studies using DNA fingerprinting of M. tuberculosis strains have shown reinfection contributes more substantially to recurrent TB than previously thought, with estimates that it might account for more than 50% of reactivated cases in areas where TB is common.


Premise: The targetting focuses on what aspect that is beyond the ability of most people?

Hypothesis: The compression works by reducing the accuracy of certain parts of a sound that are considered to be beyond the auditory resolution ability of most people.


Premise: How many nocturnes did Chopin compose?

Hypothesis: Many of the Chopin nocturnes have middle sections marked by agitated expression (and often making very difficult demands on the performer) which heightens their dramatic character.


Premise: What did Frédéric create from verses of the poet Adam Mickiewicz?

Hypothesis: Chopin was also acquainted with the poet Adam Mickiewicz, principal of the Polish Literary Society, some of whose verses he set as songs.


Premise: What percentage of voters rejected the separation of church and state in 1980?

Hypothesis: The Swiss Constitution of 1848, under the recent impression of the clashes of Catholic vs. Protestant cantons that culminated in the Sonderbundskrieg, consciously defines a consociational state, allowing the peaceful co-existence of Catholics and Protestants.


Premise: Who was Detroit's last Republican mayor?

Hypothesis: In 1973, the city elected its first black mayor, Coleman Young.


Premise: What may be the earliest vocabulary that the word "dog" came from?

Hypothesis: The term dog may ultimately derive from the earliest layer of Proto-Indo-European vocabulary.


Premise: What year did cinema first appear in Greece?

Hypothesis: Cinema first appeared in Greece in 1896 but the first actual cine-theatre was opened in 1907.


Premise: The matrix and the solvent are other names for what?

Hypothesis: Because the percentage of each constituent can be varied, with any mixture the entire range of possible variations is called a system.


Premise: Who heads the Royal Canadian Air Force?

Hypothesis: The commander of 1 Canadian Air Division and Canadian NORAD Region, based in Winnipeg, is responsible for the operational command and control of Air Force activities throughout Canada and worldwide.


Premise: What was knocked down in 1866?

Hypothesis: By 1860 the municipality had 140,416 inhabitants, and beginning in 1866 the ancient city walls were almost entirely demolished to facilitate urban expansion.


Premise: What UK organization evaluates drugs?

Hypothesis: In the UK, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency approves drugs for use, though the evaluation is done by the European Medicines Agency, an agency of the European Union based in London.


Premise: What was Kaunitz of Austria willing to trade for French help in capturing Silesia?

Hypothesis: On January 16, 1756, the Convention of Westminster was signed wherein Britain and Prussia promised to aid one another in order to achieve lasting peace and stability in Europe.


Premise: How many people were evacuated during the invasion?

Hypothesis: Until the arrival of the Wehrmacht troops mid-June 1940, the city was, for ten months, completely empty, with the exception of the garrisoned soldiers.


Premise: What is it considered to be?

Hypothesis: The Trust is currently the largest in the UK and has an annual turnover of £800 million, treating more than a million patients a year.[citation needed]


Premise: How much of the solar radiation is reflected back into space?

Hypothesis: The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet.


Premise: What did the Royal colleges and Imperial Institute form when they merged?

Hypothesis: Royal colleges and the Imperial Institute merged to form what is now Imperial College London.


Premise: What type of Judaism advocated segregation from non-Jewish culture?

Hypothesis: Haredi Judaism advocates segregation from non-Jewish culture, although not from non-Jewish society entirely.


Premise: When did Albert die of his illness?

Hypothesis: He was diagnosed with typhoid fever by William Jenner, and died on 14 December 1861.


Premise: Why did the Greeks name Palermo Panormos?

Hypothesis: During this war the Greeks named the settlement Panormos (Πάνορμος) from which the current name is derived, meaning "all port" due to the shape of its coast.


Premise: When was the famous mosaic "The Beauty of Durres" created?

Hypothesis: Pliny the Elder mentions the artist Sosus of Pergamon by name, describing his mosaics of the food left on a floor after a feast and of a group of doves drinking from a bowl.


Premise: What did the Colonist cultivate

Hypothesis: The British government gave land grants to officers and soldiers who had fought in the French and Indian War in order to encourage settlement.


Premise: What general was defeated in 1920?

Hypothesis: The most intense fighting took place from 1918 to 1920.


Premise: Who built the building that contains the National Museum?

Hypothesis: This building was constructed in the early 19th century by General Bhimsen Thapa.


Premise: Who published Avicenna's poem on logic?

Hypothesis: Some of his shorter essays on medicine, logic, etc., take a poetical form (the poem on logic was published by Schmoelders in 1836).[citation needed]


Premise: What is one of the main causes of the turbulent history?

Hypothesis: The turbulent history of the area, particularly due to expansion of the Ottoman Empire, resulted in a patchwork of dialectal and religious differences.


Premise: Out of about every 14 students, how many will be suspended from school?

Hypothesis: With suspension rates three times the national average, the suspension rate is approximately 1 in every 14 children, the highest in the country for physical or verbal assaults against staff.


Premise: What scientific field tries to understand the mind and behavior?

Hypothesis: Psychology seeks to understand mind and behavior, and neurology is the medical discipline that diagnoses and treats diseases of the nervous system.


Premise: How many students were in Oklahoma's public schools in 2008?

Hypothesis: Oklahoma has the highest enrollment of Native American students in the nation with 126,078 students in the 2009-10 school year.


Premise: What is one type of reliable capacitor that is resistant to temperature and voltage changes?

Hypothesis: They are broadly categorized as class 1 dielectrics, which have predictable variation of capacitance with temperature or class 2 dielectrics, which can operate at higher voltage.


Premise: What did federal prosecutors indict four former players for in a separate betting scandal?

Hypothesis: The football team became embroiled in a different betting scandal later that year when federal prosecutors indicted four former players for perjury related to betting on their own games.


Premise: What nation provided material support to China?

Hypothesis: By 1937, Japan controlled Manchuria and was ready to move deeper into China.


Premise: What sort of circuit are plastic capacitors especially useful for?

Hypothesis: Electrolytic capacitors and supercapacitors are used to store small and larger amounts of energy, respectively, ceramic capacitors are often used in resonators, and parasitic capacitance occurs in circuits wherever the simple conductor-insulator-conductor structure is formed unintentionally by the configuration of the circuit layout.


Premise: Who posited the existence of God?

Hypothesis: Many medieval philosophers developed arguments for the existence of God, while attempting to comprehend the precise implications of God's attributes.


Premise: Who was Waitz influential among?

Hypothesis: Waitz was influential among the British ethnologists.


Premise: Who visited the Vatican in May of 1973 in an effort to negotiate Orthodox and Catholic relations?

Hypothesis: It produced the Catholic-Orthodox Joint declaration of 1965, which was read out on 7 December 1965, simultaneously at a public meeting of the Second Vatican Council in Rome and at a special ceremony in Istanbul.


Premise: What were the pillboxes and bunkers connected by?

Hypothesis: From early 1944 until the days leading up to the invasion, Kuribayashi transformed the island into a massive network of bunkers, hidden guns, and 11 mi (18 km) of underground tunnels.


Premise: With what did Sanskrit exist beside?

Hypothesis: Sanskrit linguist Madhav Deshpande says that when the term "Sanskrit" arose it was not thought of as a specific language set apart from other languages, but rather as a particularly refined or perfected manner of speaking.


Premise: How many inches of precipitation does Atlantic City receive annually?

Hypothesis: It is very common for rain to fall in Atlantic City while the northern and western parts of the state are receiving snow.


Premise: In what month did U.S. funding of UNFPA resume?

Hypothesis: In January 2009 President Barack Obama restored US funding to UNFPA, saying in a public statement that he would "look forward to working with Congress to restore US financial support for the UN Population Fund.


Premise: Which city was Gavin Newsom mayor of when he said Schwarzenegger was turning Democrat?

Hypothesis: After hearing a speech by Schwarzenegger at the 2006 Martin Luther King, Jr. breakfast, San Francisco mayor Gavin Newsom said that, "[H]e's becoming a Democrat [… H]e's running back, not even to the center.


Premise: What is the one country that takes longer than Guinea-Bissau to register a business?

Hypothesis: A long period of political instability has resulted in depressed economic activity, deteriorating social conditions, and increased macroeconomic imbalances.


Premise: On which issues did Murdoch claim he exerted editorial control?

Hypothesis: Rupert Murdoch, head of The Sun's parent company News Corporation, speaking at a 2007 meeting with the House of Lords Select Committee on Communications, which was investigating media ownership and the news, said that he acts as a "traditional proprietor".


Premise: What political system did Gaddafi claim was less democratic than the General People's Committees?

Hypothesis: Although offering little guidance for how to set up these councils, Gaddafi claimed that they would offer a form of direct political participation that was more democratic than a traditional party-based representative system.


Premise: What did Gunnar Myrdal call Hayek?

Hypothesis: Milton Friedman declared himself "an enormous admirer of Hayek, but not for his economics.


Premise: When did the Vlachs migrate into the region?

Hypothesis: The Gorals of southern Poland and northern Slovakia are partially descended from Romance-speaking Vlachs who migrated into the region from the 14th to 17th centuries and were absorbed into the local population.


Premise: Vienna created it's society in what year?

Hypothesis: Similar organizations in other countries followed: The American Anthropological Association in 1902, the Anthropological Society of Madrid (1865), the Anthropological Society of Vienna (1870), the Italian Society of Anthropology and Ethnology (1871), and many others subsequently.


Premise: When did drug traffickers begin to use Guinea-Bissau?

Hypothesis: The government and the military have done little to stop drug trafficking, which increased after the 2012 coup d'état.


Premise: The Principle Corridor features which type of doors?

Hypothesis: Running the length of the piano nobile of the east wing is the great gallery, modestly known as the Principal Corridor, which runs the length of the eastern side of the quadrangle.


Premise: Where are Dom clans mostly gathered?

Hypothesis: There are also tribal Beja communities concentrated in the south-eastern-most corner of the country, and a number of Dom clans mostly in the Nile Delta and Faiyum who are progressively becoming assimilated as urbanisation increases.


Premise: What did the Constitutio Habita say students were allowed?

Hypothesis: The University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the right of a traveling scholar to unhindered passage in the interests of education.


Premise: Which two important psychologists did Popper view as advancing non-scientific theories?

Hypothesis: Popper puzzled over the stark contrast between the non-scientific character of Freud and Adler's theories in the field of psychology and the revolution set off by Einstein's theory of relativity in physics in the early 20th century.


Premise: What part of Iraq did ISIS invade?

Hypothesis: In a major split in the ranks of Al Qaeda's organization, the Iraqi franchise, known as Al Qaeda in Iraq covertly invaded Syria and the Levant and began participating in the ongoing Syrian Civil War, gaining enough support and strength to re-invade Iraq's western provinces under the name of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS/ISIL), taking over much of the country in a blitzkrieg-like action and combining the Iraq insurgency and Syrian Civil War into a single conflict.


Premise: Who called the journals the most influential cultural innovation of European intellectual culture?

Hypothesis: They shifted the attention of the "cultivated public" away from established authorities to novelty and innovation, and promoted the "enlightened" ideals of toleration and intellectual objectivity.


Premise: How many times did Sumerian farmers plow, harrow and rake the ground?

Hypothesis: Next they made oxen stomp the ground and kill weeds.


Premise: In what year did the rail route from Southampton to London open?

Hypothesis: Southampton is also served by the rail network, which is used both by freight services to and from the docks and passenger services as part of the national rail system.


Premise: What level of finality do mathematicians try to reach with math concepts?

Hypothesis: In the context of finite groups, this aim leads to difficult mathematics.


Premise: When did Stein win a Pulitzer?

Hypothesis: The editor and co-publisher of The Riverdale Press, Bernard Stein, won the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing for his editorials about Bronx and New York City issues in 1998.


Premise: What river saw the establishment of a new Kingdom?

Hypothesis: In the mid 19th century, the Bobangi people became major slave traders and sold their captives to the Americas using the Ubangi river to reach the coast.


Premise: What kind of bombing raids were most favored?

Hypothesis: It was thought there was no defence against air attack, particularly at night.


Premise: When was the Greenman rule in Section 402A of the Restatement (Second) of Torts published?

Hypothesis: The American Law Institute subsequently adopted a slightly different version of the Greenman rule in Section 402A of the Restatement (Second) of Torts, which was published in 1964 and was very influential throughout the United States.


Premise: What was believed to be one of the Burma reasons for the unrest in 2012 ?

Hypothesis: The immediate cause of the riots is unclear, with many commentators citing the killing of ten Burmese Muslims by ethnic Rakhine after the rape and murder of a Rakhine woman as the main cause.


Premise: Who founded the city of London?

Hypothesis: London i/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.


Premise: What do few Jehovah's Witnesses earn?

Hypothesis: In the study, Jehovah's Witnesses ranked lowest in statistics for having earned a graduate degree and interest in politics.


Premise: When was the Behistun inscription written?

Hypothesis: Later inscriptions are comparatively brief, and typically simply copies of words and phrases from earlier ones, often with grammatical errors, which suggests that by the 4th century BC the transition from Old Persian to Middle Persian was already far advanced, but efforts were still being made to retain an "old" quality for official proclamations.


Premise: What is the difference between a pesticide and a plant protection product?

Hypothesis: The most common use of pesticides is as plant protection products (also known as crop protection products), which in general protect plants from damaging influences such as weeds, fungi, or insects.


Premise: What happened to Peter Stahl when he fell asleep flying?

Hypothesis: In one incident on 28/29 April, Peter Stahl of KG 30 was flying on his 50th mission.


Premise: How many of the textbooks between 1983 and 1992 discussed race?

Hypothesis: The study argues that the textbooks' fundamental message about the existence of races has changed little.


Premise: What color did Matisse say could penetate ones soul?

Hypothesis: I just try to find a color which corresponds to my feelings."


Premise: Which Bond film was the most expensive ever made?

Hypothesis: Spectre (2015) is the twenty-fourth James Bond film produced by Eon Productions.


Premise: Where do most presbyterian churches trace their history back to?

Hypothesis: Most Reformed churches which trace their history back to Scotland are either presbyterian or congregationalist in government.


Premise: Who was the first professor for the American studies program?

Hypothesis: Norman Holmes Pearson, who worked for the Office of Strategic Studies in London during World War II, returned to Yale and headed the new American studies program, in which scholarship quickly became an instrument of promoting liberty.


Premise: Would a thin or a thick sapwood layer be found in a pine tree?

Hypothesis: Thin sapwood is characteristic of such species as chestnut, black locust, mulberry, osage-orange, and sassafras, while in maple, ash, hickory, hackberry, beech, and pine, thick sapwood is the rule.


Premise: Who sued Schwarzenegger and two of his employees for libel, settling in 2006?

Hypothesis: Richardson claimed they tried to tarnish her reputation by dismissing her allegations that Schwarzenegger touched her breast during a press event for The 6th Day in London.


Premise: When were expenses recorded by the new government?

Hypothesis: Most of the differences in the revised budget deficit numbers were due to a temporary change of accounting practices by the new government, i.e., recording expenses when military material was ordered rather than received.


Premise: What made binding precedent a possibility?

Hypothesis: In turn, according to Kozinski's analysis, the contemporary rule of binding precedent became possible in the U.S. in the nineteenth century only after the creation of a clear court hierarchy (under the Judiciary Acts), and the beginning of regular verbatim publication of U.S. appellate decisions by West Publishing.


Premise: When did construction on the Tribhuvan Highway begin?

Hypothesis: In 1956, air transportation was established and the Tribhuvan Highway, between Kathmandu and Raxaul (at India's border), was started.


Premise: By what factor did direct foreign investment in Libya increase between 2003 and 2004?

Hypothesis: Involved in encouraging tourism, Saif founded several privately run media channels in 2008, but after criticising the government they were nationalised in 2009.


Premise: What percentage of loanwords are present in Dutch vocabulary?

Hypothesis: The main foreign influence on Dutch vocabulary since the 12th century and culminating in the French period has been French and (northern) French, accounting for an estimated 6.8%, or more than a third of all loanwords.


Premise: What term refers to Islamic law?

Hypothesis: Madaris were largely centred on the study of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence).


Premise: What influenced the increasing development of armor?

Hypothesis: Armour continued to advance, spurred by the increasing power of crossbows, and plate armour was developed to protect soldiers from crossbows as well as the hand-held guns that were developed.


Premise: To where can judgments be appealed?

Hypothesis: Rulings of the High Court can be appealed to the Court of Appeal of Tuvalu.


Premise: What  Chunichi Dragons  start was signed to the Cubs in 2008?

Hypothesis: The Cubs successfully defended their National League Central title in 2008, going to the postseason in consecutive years for the first time since 1906–08.


Premise: When was the Canadian Joint Operations Command established?

Hypothesis: The Canadian Joint Operations Command is an operational element established in October 2012 with the merger of Canada Command, the Canadian Expeditionary Force Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command.


Premise: Which religious deity did Thales undermine with his scientific theories?

Hypothesis: Thales' student Pythagoras of Samos founded the Pythagorean school, which investigated mathematics for its own sake, and was the first to postulate that the Earth is spherical in shape.


Premise: How much money did Umax lose when it exited the low-end Mac clone market?

Hypothesis: Apple bought out Power Computing's license, but allowed Umax to continue selling Mac clones until their license expired, as they had a sizeable presence in the lower-end segment that Apple did not.


Premise: What did large herds of bison attract?

Hypothesis: The American bison is a large bovid which inhabited much of western North America prior to the 1800s, living on the prairies in large herds.


Premise: How much cargo does the Port of London handle annually?

Hypothesis: The Port of London is the second-largest in the United Kingdom, handling 45 million tonnes of cargo each year.


Premise: The use of the first ass instruments occurred in what era?

Hypothesis: The Renaissance era was from 1400 to 1600.


Premise: What's the third largest sector providing jobs in Southampton?

Hypothesis: A further 19 per cent are property and other business and the third largest sector is wholesale and retail, which accounts for 16.2 percent.


Premise: Who was the third to last leader before the end of the Mexican Revolution?

Hypothesis: Zapatist forces, which were based in neighboring Morelos had strengths in the southern edge of the Federal District, which included Xochimilco, Tlalpan, Tláhuac and Milpa Alta to fight against the regimes of Victoriano Huerta and Venustiano Carranza.


Premise: Name a popular series of boxing films?

Hypothesis: One of the lead characters on the Disney Channel series Kim Possible was a huge fan of pro wrestling and actually featured it on an episode (with two former WWE wrestlers voicing the two fictitious wrestlers featured in the episode).


Premise: What number was the Tironian note visually similar to?

Hypothesis: The remaining 20 Latin letters were supplemented by four more: ⟨æ⟩ (æsc, modern ash) and ⟨ð⟩ (ðæt, now called eth or edh), which were modified Latin letters, and thorn ⟨þ⟩ and wynn ⟨ƿ⟩, which are borrowings from the futhorc.


Premise: Which bird sees more daylight than any other during migration?

Hypothesis: The Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea has the longest-distance migration of any bird, and sees more daylight than any other, moving from its Arctic breeding grounds to the Antarctic non-breeding areas.


Premise: What is the name of the ceremonial boulevard for the Republic of India in New Delhi?

Hypothesis: The Rajpath which was built similar to the Champs-Élysées in Paris is the ceremonial boulevard for the Republic of India located in New Delhi.


Premise: What was another name for gin houses early in the 19th century?

Hypothesis: These bawdy, loud and unruly drinking dens so often described by Charles Dickens in his Sketches by Boz (published 1835–1836) increasingly came to be held as unbridled cesspits of immorality or crime and the source of much ill-health and alcoholism among the working classes.


Premise: Who do we owe gratitude for even some species of cotton to?

Hypothesis: Chief among these is maize or "corn", arguably the most important crop in the world.


Premise: In Germany, Poland and Austria Romanesque architecture is defined by its massive size and what other design element?

Hypothesis: Romanesque architecture in Germany, Poland, the Czech Lands and Austria is characterised by its massive and modular nature.


Premise: When did macaronic Latin start showing signs of Catalan?

Hypothesis: Old Catalan shared many features with Gallo-Romance, diverging from Old Occitan between the 11th and 14th centuries.


Premise: What annual ceremony do Freemasons have?

Hypothesis: Some time later, in a separate ceremony, they will be passed to the degree of Fellowcraft, and finally they will be raised to the degree of Master Mason.


Premise: What direction did the jin court flee during the Three Kings period?

Hypothesis: During the Three Kingdoms period of ancient China, there was constant warfare occurring in the Central Plain of China.


Premise: In what decade did sociologists focus on the social relevance of emotion?

Hypothesis: The formation or disruption of social bonds is dependent on the emotions that people experience during interactions.


Premise: What terms did Katie Hopkins use to describe migrants to Britain?

Hypothesis: On 17 April 2015, The Sun's columnist Katie Hopkins called migrants to Britain "cockroaches" and "feral humans" and said they were "spreading like the norovirus".


Premise: How was the Everton FC's crest redesign received by fans?

Hypothesis: The redesign was poorly received by supporters, with a poll on an Everton fan site registering a 91% negative response to the crest.


Premise: What is a well-known lake of Jiaxing?

Hypothesis: Well-known lakes include the West Lake of Hangzhou and the South Lake of Jiaxing.


Premise: At around what RMP do weed trimmer motors operate?

Hypothesis: Many vacuum cleaner and weed trimmer motors exceed 10,000 rpm, while many similar miniature grinders exceed 30,000 rpm.


Premise: Who had a wine cellar at the Palace of Whitehall?

Hypothesis: Henry VIII's wine cellar at the Palace of Whitehall, built in 1514–1516 for Cardinal Wolsey, is in the basement of Main Building, and is used for entertainment.


Premise: What percent of CDO assets were subprime and other non-prime mortgage debt in 2007?

Hypothesis: Further, the credit quality of CDO's declined from 2000 to 2007, as the level of subprime and other non-prime mortgage debt increased from 5% to 36% of CDO assets.


Premise: What is in the highest ground?

Hypothesis: North of the Ribble is Beacon Fell Country Park and the Forest of Bowland, another AONB.


Premise: What term is used most often when discussing the great civilizations of the Americas?

Hypothesis: While technically referring to the era before Christopher Columbus' voyages of 1492 to 1504, in practice the term usually includes the history of American indigenous cultures until Europeans either conquered or significantly influenced them, even if this happened decades or even centuries after Columbus' initial landing.


Premise: What were the things that post-punk really got into?

Hypothesis: Author Matthew Bannister wrote that post-punk artists rejected the high cultural references of 1960s rock artists like the Beatles and Bob Dylan as well as paradigms that defined "rock as progressive, as art, as 'sterile' studio perfectionism ... by adopting an avant-garde aesthetic".


Premise: Which two residences did Albert buy from Edward?

Hypothesis: He had been introduced as "His Royal Highness Prince Edward" for the abdication broadcast, but George VI felt that by abdicating and renouncing the succession Edward had lost the right to bear royal titles, including "Royal Highness".


Premise: What government building is the Museum of the Confederacy located near?

Hypothesis: In Court End, near the Virginia State Capitol, is the Museum of the Confederacy, along with the Davis Mansion, also known as the White House of the Confederacy; both feature a wide variety of objects and material from the era.


Premise: What is "the american colonization society"?

Hypothesis: In the United States, there was a movement to resettle American free blacks and freed slaves in Africa.


Premise: Who called themselves "Czechoslavs"?

Hypothesis: The similarities between Czech and Slovak led to the languages being considered a single language by a group of 19th-century scholars who called themselves "Czechoslavs" (Čechoslováci), believing that the peoples were connected in a way which excluded German Bohemians and (to a lesser extent)


Premise: What date was the protest which was led by Gere and Tutu?

Hypothesis: On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.


Premise: What is defined as the official codification of federal statutory law?

Hypothesis: The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of general and permanent federal statutory law.


Premise: What was the capital of the Abbasid state?

Hypothesis: The defeat of Muslim forces at the Battle of Poitiers in 732 led to the reconquest of southern France by the Franks, but the main reason for the halt of Islamic growth in Europe was the overthrow of the Umayyad dynasty and its replacement by the Abbasid dynasty.


Premise: Multi-color LEDs offer what else besides the formation of white light?

Hypothesis: As more effort is devoted to investigating this method, multi-color LEDs should have profound influence on the fundamental method that we use to produce and control light color.


Premise: Are adolescents that have a good relationship with their parents more or less likely to smoke, drink, fight, or engage in unprotected sex?

Hypothesis: A study conducted by Adalbjarnardottir and Blondal (2009) showed that adolescents at the age of 14 who identify their parents as authoritative figures are more likely to complete secondary education by the age of 22—as support and encouragement from an authoritative parent motivates the adolescence to complete schooling to avoid disappointing that parent.


Premise: When did a Mali conflict begin?

Hypothesis: The Malian government had a hard time maintaining full control over their country.


Premise: How many madrasahs are in Sinagapore?

Hypothesis: There are six Madrasahs in Singapore, catering to students from Primary 1 to Secondary 4.


Premise: Who was Xiao Xiu?

Hypothesis: Possibly the best preserved of them is the ensemble of the Tomb of Xiao Xiu


Premise: How many stories tall is the main library at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books.


Premise: What percentage of San Diego's residents rely on theri automobile as a primary source of transportation?

Hypothesis: This includes Interstate 5, which runs south to Tijuana and north to Los Angeles; Interstate 8, which runs east to Imperial County and the Arizona Sun Corridor; Interstate 15, which runs northeast through the Inland Empire to Las Vegas and Salt Lake City; and Interstate 805, which splits from I-5 near the Mexican border and rejoins I-5 at Sorrento Valley.


Premise: The battles between the Greeks and Persians are known as what?

Hypothesis: By 500 BC, the Persian Empire controlled the Greek city states in Asia Minor and had made territorial gains in the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper as well.


Premise: Which two areas experienced criss-cross influences through noble and lower class participation?

Hypothesis: Additionally, most institutions of the public sphere excluded both women and the lower classes.


Premise: What were mandatory in printed works?

Hypothesis: There is no absolute rule for using either system, and often it is determined by what the target audience understands, as well as the upbringing of the writer.


Premise: What did Napoleon III and the royal couple visit?

Hypothesis: They visited the Exposition Universelle (a successor to Albert's 1851 brainchild the Great Exhibition) and Napoleon I's tomb at Les Invalides (to which his remains had only been returned in 1840), and were guests of honour at a 1,200-guest ball at the Palace of Versailles.


Premise: By whom was Marcel Duchamp labeled an Orphanist?

Hypothesis: Also labeled an Orphist by Apollinaire, Marcel Duchamp was responsible for another extreme development inspired by Cubism.


Premise: Who created the first oral birth control?

Hypothesis: Prior to the second world war, birth control was prohibited in many countries, and in the United States even the discussion of contraceptive methods sometimes led to prosecution under Comstock laws.


Premise: Which historians wrote about the advantages of Edison's lamp over other early versions?

Hypothesis: They conclude that Edison's version was able to outstrip the others because of a combination of three factors: an effective incandescent material, a higher vacuum than others were able to achieve (by use of the Sprengel pump) and a high resistance that made power distribution from a centralized source economically viable.


Premise: What article did BBC put out about China just days earlier?

Hypothesis: The BBC's Paul Danahar noted that Chinese people were now "able to access the BBC News website for the first time, after years of strict censorship", and that "many were critical of our coverage".


Premise: The NES was duplicated on which medium in order to make clones easy to produce?

Hypothesis: These unauthorized clones have been helped by the invention of the so-called NES-on-a-chip.


Premise: What downtown New Haven expressway spur intersects at exit 1 of 1-91?

Hypothesis: The Wilbur Cross Parkway (Connecticut Route 15) runs parallel to I-95 west of New Haven, turning northwards as it nears the city and then running northwards parallel to I-91 through the outer rim of New Haven and Hamden, offering an alternative to the I-95/I-91 journey (restricted to non-commercial vehicles).


Premise: What part of the city remains open

Hypothesis: The eastern part of Utrecht remains fairly open.


Premise: How many housing units were there in Boston in 2010?

Hypothesis: In 2010, Boston was estimated to have 617,594 residents (a density of 12,200 persons/sq mile, or 4,700/km2) living in 272,481 housing units— a 5% population increase over 2000.


Premise: What was a nickname of Florence Lawrence?

Hypothesis: In 1910, he promoted Florence Lawrence, formerly known as "The Biograph Girl", and actor King Baggot, in what may be the first instance of a studio using stars in its marketing.


Premise: What elements of Proto-Indo-Iranian did not diverge according to the ensuing split between eastern and western variants?

Hypothesis: Two of the earliest dialectal divisions among Iranian indeed happen to not follow the later division into Western and Eastern blocks.


Premise: What type of evidence indicated that the C-Group spoke Afroasiatic languages of the Berber branches?

Hypothesis: Ceramics were discovered that were related to those of the C-Group (Temehu) pastoral culture, which inhabited the Nile Valley between 2500–1500 BC.


Premise: To whom is the Golden Boot award given to?

Hypothesis: The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season.


Premise: What do 98% of all the funds generated by the stamp sales go to?

Hypothesis: They play an important role in habitat conservation because ninety-eight percent of all funds generated by their sale go directly toward the purchase or lease of wetland habitat for protection in the National Wildlife Refuge System.[citation needed]


Premise: When was the Han Dynasty?

Hypothesis: The pronounced divergence between literary and colloquial pronunciations found in Hokkien dialects is attributed to the presence of several strata in the Min lexicon.


Premise: Who published Avicenna's poem on logic?

Hypothesis: The larger, Al-Shifa' (Sanatio), exists nearly complete in manuscript in the Bodleian Library and elsewhere; part of it on the De Anima appeared at Pavia (1490) as the Liber Sextus Naturalium, and the long account of Ibn Sina's philosophy given by Muhammad al-Shahrastani seems to be mainly an analysis, and in many places a reproduction, of the Al-Shifa'.


Premise: When did the UN General Assembly approve the Marshall Islands joining the UN?

Hypothesis: The Marshall Islands was admitted to the United Nations based on the Security Council's recommendation on August 9, 1991, in Resolution 704 and the General Assembly's approval on September 17, 1991, in Resolution 46/3.


Premise: In what time period did early animals share some features with marsupials?

Hypothesis: The oldest known fossil among the Eutheria ("true beasts") is the small shrewlike Juramaia sinensis, or "Jurassic mother from China", dated to 160 million years ago in the Late Jurassic.


Premise: Who is the spiritual leader of Temple Israel Community Center?

Hypothesis: According to Rabbi Shammai Engelmayer, spiritual leader of Temple Israel Community Center in Cliffside Park and former executive editor of Jewish Week, this leaves "Orthodox" as "an umbrella term that designates a very widely disparate group of people very loosely tied together by some core beliefs."


Premise: What percentage of the Taínos were dead thirty years after contact with Columbus?

Hypothesis: The first indigenous group encountered by Columbus were the 250,000 Taínos of Hispaniola who represented the dominant culture in the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas.


Premise: What does USAID stand for?

Hypothesis: The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), an independent agency under the Department of State established in place of the Marshall Plan for the purpose of determining and distributing foreign aid, does not use the term Near East.


Premise: what is the name of the movement of liberalism?

Hypothesis: However, the Orthodox claim to absolute fidelity to past tradition has been challenged by scholars who contend that the Judaism of the Middle Ages bore little resemblance to that practiced by today's Orthodox.


Premise: What does the trochophore become when annelids mature?

Hypothesis: It is thought that annelids were originally animals with two separate sexes, which released ova and sperm into the water via their nephridia.


Premise: What kind of diversity has the practice of translation had?

Hypothesis: Despite occasional theoretical diversity, the actual practice of translation has hardly changed since antiquity.


Premise: The scope of federal power is not what?

Hypothesis: However, the scope of federal preemption is limited because the scope of federal power is not universal.


Premise: What is the name of the town the story takes place in?

Hypothesis: The story takes place during three years (1933–35) of the Great Depression in the fictional "tired old town" of Maycomb, Alabama, the seat of Maycomb County.


Premise: In what way can an MCU be characterized?

Hypothesis: An MCU is characterised according to the number of simultaneous calls it can handle, its ability to conduct transposing of data rates and protocols, and features such as Continuous Presence, in which multiple parties can be seen on-screen at once.


Premise: How many total trophies did  Barcelona's Super Cup win produce?

Hypothesis: This extended the club's overall number of official trophies to 74, surpassing Real Madrid's total amount of official trophies.


Premise: What type of Republican did Eisenhower characterize himself as?

Hypothesis: As the 1954 congressional elections approached, and it became evident that the Republicans were in danger of losing their thin majority in both houses, Eisenhower was among those blaming the Old Guard for the losses, and took up the charge to stop suspected efforts by the right wing to take control of the GOP.


Premise: The Global COmpetitiveness Report in 2010 ranked Iran where out of 139 countries?

Hypothesis: In 2010, Iran was ranked 69, out of 139 nations, in the Global Competitiveness Report.


Premise: The General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be what?

Hypothesis: This was in large part due to the fact that the Prussian General Staff was created to study previous Prussian operations and learn to avoid mistakes.


Premise: Does a high ranking on the HDI indicate shorter or longer life expectancy at birth?

Hypothesis: A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer, the education period is longer, and the income per capita is higher.


Premise: Why did the USAF change its training methods on UAVs in 2014?

Hypothesis: In spite of an urgent need for UAVs or drones to provide round the clock coverage for American troops during the Iraq War, the USAF did not establish a new career field for piloting them until the last year of that war and in 2014 changed its RPA training syllabus again, in the face of large aircraft losses in training, and in response to a GAO report critical of handling of drone programs.


Premise: When does full-time coursework J.D. begin at the  Washington University School of Law begin?

Hypothesis: In the 2015 US News & World Report America's Best Graduate Schools, the law school is ranked 18th nationally, out of over 180 law schools.


Premise: How large will the two Queen Elizabeth ships be?

Hypothesis: The two ships will be the largest warships ever built for the Royal Navy.


Premise: Who did BMG partner with in 2005-2007?

Hypothesis: From 2008-2010, Sony Music handled the distribution following their acquisition of BMG.


Premise: How many local newspapers does the island have?

Hypothesis: The island has two local newspapers, both of which are available on the Internet.


Premise: What bridge in Rome was a filming location?

Hypothesis: A car chase scene set along the banks of the Tiber River and through the streets of Rome featured an Aston Martin DB10 and a Jaguar C-X75.


Premise: By which ministry is authority granted for funding and managing Portugal's research system?

Hypothesis: The funding and management of this research system is mainly conducted under the authority of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (MCTES) itself and the MCTES's Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT).


Premise: When are these useful?

Hypothesis: These properties may be useful when hydrogen is purified by passage through hot palladium disks, but the gas's high solubility is a metallurgical problem, contributing to the embrittlement of many metals, complicating the design of pipelines and storage tanks.


Premise: In terms of requirement what sort of service would one needs to fulfilled in order to apply?

Hypothesis: Students must be enrolled in a public high school (charters included) for four years, be a resident of the city during that time, carry a 3.0 cumulative grade-point average, have a 90-percent attendance rate and perform 40 hours of service to the city.


Premise: What day in 2009 was Queen's Absolute Greatest released?

Hypothesis: In mid-2009, after the split of Queen + Paul Rodgers, the Queen online website announced a new greatest hits compilation named Absolute Greatest.


Premise: What is the name of the modern Chamorro language?

Hypothesis: Many Chamorros also have Spanish surnames because of their conversion to Roman Catholic Christianity and the adoption of names from the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, a phenomenon also common to the Philippines.


Premise: According to Ibn Sina, at what age should children choose a direction for their education?

Hypothesis: He writes that children after the age of 14 should be allowed to choose and specialise in subjects they have an interest in, whether it was reading, manual skills, literature, preaching, medicine, geometry, trade and commerce, craftsmanship, or any other subject or profession they would be interested in pursuing for a future career.


Premise: Along with Lincoln and Ataturk, whose biography did Gaddafi read while in Misrata?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi moved to Misrata, there attending Misrata Secondary School.


Premise: How many years did it take for Project DIANE to grow?

Hypothesis: Over the next 15 years, Project DIANE (Diversified Information and Assistance Network) grew to utilize a variety of videoconferencing platforms to create a multi-state cooperative public service and distance education network consisting of several hundred schools, neighborhood centers, libraries, science museums, zoos and parks, public assistance centers, and other community oriented organizations.


Premise: Where did the mountains undergo serve erosion?

Hypothesis: Because of his work he came to be known as the "father of the ice-age concept" although other naturalists before him put forth similar ideas.


Premise: At what juncture did the Qadi focus less on precedent?

Hypothesis: However, the Ottoman court system lacked an appellate structure, leading to jurisdictional case strategies where plaintiffs could take their disputes from one court system to another until they achieved a ruling that was in their favor.


Premise: In what year did the Day of Thirst occur?

Hypothesis: Following the Umayyad defeat in the "Day of Thirst" in 724, Ashras ibn 'Abd Allah al-Sulami, governor of Khurasan, promised tax relief to those Sogdians who converted to Islam, but went back on his offer when it proved too popular and threatened to reduce tax revenues.


Premise: Locke believed that the natural right to property is derived from what?

Hypothesis: Locke's theory of natural rights has influenced many political documents, including the United States Declaration of Independence and the French National Constituent Assembly's Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.


Premise: In what year did ARC take over Columbia Phonography Company?

Hypothesis: In 1929, ARC was founded through a merger of several smaller record companies, which, ultimately, transformed into one enterprise known as SME.


Premise: What is the longest building in Cork?

Hypothesis: Across the river from County Hall is Ireland's longest building; built in Victorian times, Our Lady's Psychiatric Hospital has now been renovated and converted into a residential housing complex called Atkins Hall, after its architect William Atkins.


Premise: If a country refers to themselves as the "51st state" after cultural changes, what can we assume has changed?

Hypothesis: The phrase "51st state" can be used in a positive sense, meaning that a region or territory is so aligned, supportive, and conducive with the United States, that it is like a U.S. state.


Premise: Who purchased the International Petroleum Exchange in 2001?

Hypothesis: Michael Greenberger specifically named the Atlanta-based IntercontinentalExchange, founded by Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and BP as playing a key role in speculative run-up of oil futures prices traded off the regulated futures exchanges in London and New York.


Premise: What is to the west of Guinea-Bissau?

Hypothesis: Guinea-Bissau is bordered by Senegal to the north and Guinea to the south and east, with the Atlantic Ocean to its west.


Premise: In what year was the local postage stamp overprinted and has since been replaced?

Hypothesis: In 1899, the local postage stamps were overprinted "Guam" as was done for the other former Spanish colonies, but this was discontinued shortly thereafter and regular U.S. postage stamps have been used ever since.


Premise: When were Knight and Bauer Halls dedicated?

Hypothesis: On May 2, 2014, the $90 million conjoined Knight and Bauer Halls were dedicated, following a $15 million gift from Charles F. Knight and Joanne Knight and a $10 million gift from George and Carol Bauer through the Bauer Foundation.


Premise: Pressure is one thing you need to apply to make a multi-layer PCB; what's the other thing?

Hypothesis: For example, a four-layer PCB can be fabricated by starting from a two-sided copper-clad laminate, etch the circuitry on both sides, then laminate to the top and bottom pre-preg and copper foil.


Premise: Western North carolina is also known as what?

Hypothesis: During the American Revolutionary War, the English and Highland Scots of eastern North Carolina tended to remain loyal to the British Crown, because of longstanding business and personal connections with Great Britain.


Premise: What type of temperament became accepted during the 18th century?

Hypothesis: For instance, music of the English Renaissance is often performed in meantone temperament.


Premise: Which cultures claim to be a dominant source of Bermuda's cultural heritage?

Hypothesis: Bermuda's culture is a mixture of the various sources of its population: Native American, Spanish-Caribbean, English, Irish, and Scots cultures were evident in the 17th century, and became part of the dominant British culture.


Premise: Whos power was curbed?

Hypothesis: The king could promulgate new laws, raise taxes, or call for a levée en masse (pospolite ruszenie) only with the consent of the sejmiks, and the nobility were protected from judicial abuses.


Premise: What terms are used for recording with more than one track?

Hypothesis: Terms such as "long-play" (LP) and "extended-play" (EP) describe multi-track records that play much longer than the single-item-per-side records, which typically do not go much past four minutes per side.


Premise: Who did Torii Mototada serve?

Hypothesis: As was custom, Torii vowed that he would not be taken alive.


Premise: Which explorer first saw the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: Islands in the archipelago were first explored by Europeans in the 1520s, with Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar sighting an atoll in August 1526.


Premise: Why did more than half a million people flee?

Hypothesis: More than 500,000 residents fled during this time because of persecution, increased poverty and better economic opportunities in the West or in other former Soviet republics.


Premise: What was the dominant nationality among Europeans living in the Congo prior to the civil war?

Hypothesis: Around 300 American expatriates reside in the Congo.


Premise: Dog training can be researched back to what century?

Hypothesis: While dog training as an organized activity can be traced back to the 18th century, in the last decades of the 20th century it became a high profile issue as many normal dog behaviors such as barking, jumping up, digging, rolling in dung, fighting, and urine marking (which dogs do to establish territory through scent), became increasingly incompatible with the new role of a pet dog.


Premise: Who discussed the idea of a collective effervescence?

Hypothesis: Emilé Durkheim (1915/1965) wrote about the collective effervescence or emotional energy that was experienced by members of totemic rituals in Australian aborigine society.


Premise: From which Middle English and Anglo-Saxon word is green derived?

Hypothesis: The modern English word green comes from the Middle English and Anglo-Saxon word grene, from the same Germanic root as the words "grass" and "grow".


Premise: What is uncertain about the Cretaceous?

Hypothesis: The climate of the Cretaceous is less certain and more widely disputed.


Premise: The Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa is located where?

Hypothesis: Western Tucson encompasses the banks of the Santa Cruz River and the foothills of the Tucson Mountains, and includes the International Wildlife Museum, Sentinel Peak, and the Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa, located in the wealthy enclave known as Starr Pass.


Premise: What is the most used language in Catalonia?

Hypothesis: According to the Statistical Institute of Catalonia in 2008 the Catalan language is the second most commonly used in Catalonia, after Spanish, as a native or self-defining language.


Premise: Aside from lodging, what amenities are often offered at inns?

Hypothesis: Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink.


Premise: The energy difference between filled 3d and half-empty 4s atomic shells corresponds to what color of light?

Hypothesis: The characteristic color of copper results from the electronic transitions between the filled 3d and half-empty 4s atomic shells – the energy difference between these shells is such that it corresponds to orange light.


Premise: Name one of the genres from any of the Digimon video games?

Hypothesis: The Digimon series has a large number of video games which usually have their own independent storylines with a few sometimes tying into the stories of the anime series or manga series.


Premise: Where did mens' rhythmic gymnastics develop from?

Hypothesis: It emerged in Japan from stick gymnastics.


Premise: How did the streets of downtown Boston grow?

Hypothesis: Downtown Boston's streets grew organically, so they do not form a planned grid, unlike those in later-developed Back Bay, East Boston, the South End, and South Boston.


Premise: Are fungi more like plants or animals?

Hypothesis: As a simple example, prior to the use of genetic evidence, fungi were thought either to be plants or to be more closely related to plants than animals.


Premise: What are the minimum number of families in the APG system?

Hypothesis: The number of species of flowering plants is estimated to be in the range of 250,000 to 400,000.


Premise: Where was Russian schooling mandatory in the 20th century?

Hypothesis: In particular, these countries include Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Albania, former East Germany and Cuba.


Premise: What are two airlines that considered implementing iPod connections but did not join the 2007 agreement?

Hypothesis: The free service will allow passengers to power and charge an iPod, and view video and music libraries on individual seat-back displays.


Premise: In regards to the mind, what are 3 theories that modern day philosophers try to harmonize?

Hypothesis: , Daniel Dennett, Willard Van Orman Quine, Donald Davidson, and Jerry Fodor—operate within a broadly physicalist or materialist framework, producing rival accounts of how best to accommodate mind, including functionalism, anomalous monism, identity theory, and so on.


Premise: What is the Hebrew term for canon?

Hypothesis: Ancient Greek: κανών, Arabic Qanun / قانون, Hebrew kaneh / קנה, "straight"; a rule, code, standard, or measure; the root meaning in all these languages is "reed"


Premise: What was the percentage increase in Tennessee's tourism-based jobs in 2014?

Hypothesis: Tourism-generated jobs for the state reached 152,900, a 2.8% increase.


Premise: What was Comcast's share value in 1999?

Hypothesis: Comcast reported first quarter 2012 profit increases of 30% due to increase in high-speed internet customers.


Premise: What was the leading sport club in 1905?

Hypothesis: The leading clubs, according to timeline, were Beşiktaş Gymnastics Club (1903), Galatasaray Sports Club (1905) and Fenerbahçe Sports Club (1907) in Istanbul.


Premise: What century were most four influential books published?

Hypothesis: Four influential books were published in the first quarter of the 18th century which highlighted the simplicity and purity of classical architecture: Vitruvius Britannicus (Colen Campbell 1715), Palladio's Four Books of Architecture (1715), De Re Aedificatoria (1726) and The Designs of Inigo Jones... with Some Additional Designs (1727).


Premise: What was referred to as "food factor X"?

Hypothesis: In 1919, Sir Edward Mellanby incorrectly identified rickets as a vitamin A deficiency because he could cure it in dogs with cod liver oil.


Premise: Should alcohol be used to clean gramophone recordings?

Hypothesis: They need to be stored on edge, and do best under environmental conditions that most humans would find comfortable.


Premise: What is the round-back mandolin made of?

Hypothesis: The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl.


Premise: How did the Good Friday earthquake compare to the 1989 San Francisco earthquake?

Hypothesis: It was over one thousand times more powerful than the 1989 San Francisco earthquake.


Premise: Who publicly argued at a press conference?

Hypothesis: She, in turn, offered them a message stick, as a gift of peace and welcome.


Premise: What two places did Taiwan not want to be considered equal with in the language of the torch's route description?

Hypothesis: While the Olympic committees of China and Chinese Taipei reached initial consensus on the approach, the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan intervened, stating that this placement could be interpreted as placing Taiwan on the same level as Hong Kong and Macau, an implication it objected to.


Premise: How did Gaddafi staff the RCC members?

Hypothesis: All young men from (typically rural) working and middle-class backgrounds, none had university degrees; in this way they were distinct from the wealthy, highly educated conservatives who previously governed the country.


Premise: What did Broca discover in the human brain?

Hypothesis: He discovered the speech center of the human brain, today called Broca's area after him.


Premise: Which Middle Eastern instruments can be heard in Ottoman classical music?

Hypothesis: The instruments used are a mixture of Anatolian and Central Asian instruments (the saz, the bağlama, the kemence), other Middle Eastern instruments (the ud, the tanbur, the kanun, the ney), and—later in the tradition—Western instruments (the violin and the piano).


Premise: How is no contest related to a draw, if at all?

Hypothesis: A no contest is a state separate and distinct from a draw — a draw indicates winning conditions were met.


Premise: By what were the later kings of the Rastrakuta Empire influenced?

Hypothesis: Govinda III and Amoghavarsha were the most famous of the long line of able administrators produced by the dynasty.


Premise: What is the name of a Scottish soap opera?

Hypothesis: Programmes, such as the politically fuelled Give My Head Peace (produced by BBC Northern Ireland) and the soap opera River City (produced by BBC Scotland), have been created specifically to cater for some viewers in their respective nations, who may have found programmes created for English audiences irrelevant.


Premise: What was the name of Studdard's coronation song?

Hypothesis: Both finalists found success after the show, but Aiken out-performed Studdard's coronation song "Flying Without Wings" with his single release from the show "


Premise: Who opened the first Chinese-owned department store?

Hypothesis: In 1900, the first ethnic-Chinese owned Sincere Department Store was opened by Ma Ying Piu, who returned from Australia and inspired by David Jones.


Premise: Which countries supported Afghan islamists against the Soviets?

Hypothesis: The United States, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and the People's Republic of China supported the Islamist Afghan mujahadeen guerillas against the military forces of the Soviet Union and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.


Premise: Which gender generally drive partner selection?:

Hypothesis: Breeding usually involves some form of courtship display, typically performed by the male.


Premise: What is the Rodoviária?

Hypothesis: The metro leaves the Rodoviária (bus station) and goes south, avoiding most of the political and tourist areas.


Premise: Which Eastern Bloc nation did Nguesso sign a pact with?

Hypothesis: Over the years, Sassou had to rely more on political repression and less on patronage to maintain his dictatorship.


Premise: One type of music derived from Byzantine is called what?

Hypothesis: As a result, and despite certain attempts by certain Greek chanters (such as Manouel Gazis, Ioannis Plousiadinos or the Cypriot Ieronimos o Tragoudistis), Byzantine music was deprived of elements of which in the West encouraged an unimpeded development of art.


Premise: How many regions in Singapore have widely accepted madaris?

Hypothesis: While there are state-recognised Islamic schools, such as Ibn Siena Integrated School in the Islamic City of Marawi, Sarang Bangun LC in Zamboanga and SMIE in Jolo, their Islamic studies programmes initially varied in application and content.


Premise: What years of economic growth was called Greece's economic miracle?

Hypothesis: World War II (1939-1945) devastated the country's economy, but the high levels of economic growth that followed from 1950 to 1980 have been called the Greek economic miracle.


Premise: What has Catalan often been considered?

Hypothesis: Spanish and Catalan have important differences in their sound systems, lexicon, and grammatical features, placing the language in a number of respects closer to Occitan (and French).


Premise: Where did protests occur when non one except invited guests and the press were allowed inside the stadium?

Hypothesis: Only invitees and journalists were admitted inside the stadium.


Premise: These two harbors are part of what estuary?

Hypothesis: Not all of these small streams have continuous flow year-round.


Premise: The ARR was one of the last railroads in the US to use what?

Hypothesis: The Alaska Railroad was one of the last railroads in North America to use cabooses in regular service and still uses them on some gravel trains.


Premise: How many corps was the UK's Anti-Aircraft Command?

Hypothesis: For example, the UK's Anti-Aircraft Command, commanded by a full British Army general was part of ADGB.


Premise: All studies agree that genetic overlap with what location exists in both lineages?

Hypothesis: Various studies have arrived at diverging conclusions regarding both the degree and the sources of the non-Levantine admixture in Ashkenazim, particularly in respect to the extent of the non-Levantine genetic origin observed in Ashkenazi maternal lineages, which is in contrast to the predominant Levantine genetic origin observed in Ashkenazi paternal lineages.


Premise: Why did most countries need a adapted version of ASCII?

Hypothesis: For example, Canada had its own version that supported French characters.


Premise: What is Tucson's Fox station?

Hypothesis: KUAT-TV 6 is a PBS affiliate run by the University of Arizona (as is sister station KUAS 27).


Premise: In what year did the NBS revisit the DOT's 1975 study and find traffic fatalities unaffected?

Hypothesis: In 1975 the US DOT conservatively identified a 0.7% reduction in traffic fatalities during DST, and estimated the real reduction at 1.5% to 2%, but the 1976 NBS review of the DOT study found no differences in traffic fatalities.


Premise: When did modernism take place?

Hypothesis: Modernism (1890–1930) marked an era when many composers rejected certain values of the common practice period, such as traditional tonality, melody, instrumentation, and structure.


Premise: Where are most of Europe's highest railways located?

Hypothesis: Most of Europe's highest railways are located there.


Premise: How many people were killed by US Special Forces on Sep 14, 2009?

Hypothesis: Witnesses claim that helicopters used for the operation launched from French-flagged warships, but that could not be confirmed.


Premise: What is the current state of unemployment in Thuringia?

Hypothesis: Since then, it has decreased to 7% in 2013, which is only slightly above the national average.


Premise: What did this cause when the expelled parties were replaced?

Hypothesis: subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top position of first secretary.


Premise: What is the main focus of the Marshall Islands' economy?

Hypothesis: Politically, the Marshall Islands is a presidential republic in free association with the United States, with the US providing defense, subsidies, and access to U.S. based agencies such as the FCC and the USPS.


Premise: Panter Hudspith refurbished a 14th-century foodstore into what?

Hypothesis: A corona—a crown-like architectural feature—was intended to be built around the lantern over the central crossing, replacing an existing pyramidal structure dating from the 1950s.


Premise: Who has produced a number of theories and concepts such as Abhidharma and Reality in Buddhism?

Hypothesis: Some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study, and some regard it as essential practice.


Premise: Which ancient society developed individual tones and scales?

Hypothesis: The development of individual tones and scales was made by ancient Greeks such as Aristoxenus and Pythagoras.


Premise: What is 'Scullers' Row'?

Hypothesis: The City Island Historical Society and Nautical Museum occupies a former public school designed by the New York City school system's turn-of-the-last-century master architect C. B. J. Snyder.


Premise: What are Tucson's typical winter high temperatures?

Hypothesis: Daytime highs in the winter range between 64 and 75 °F (18 and 24 °C), with overnight lows between 30 and 44 °F (−1 and 7 °C).


Premise: Identify a major factor in this feckless strategy by France of not defending its colonies with enthusiasm?

Hypothesis: This approach did not serve France well in the war, as the colonies were indeed lost, but although much of the European war went well, by its end France had few counterbalancing European successes.


Premise: What program with a direction in its name does the BBC broadcast from Southampton?

Hypothesis: From there the BBC broadcasts South Today, the local television news bulletin and BBC Radio Solent.


Premise: What influence did Qutb Shahi architecture borrow from?

Hypothesis: Qutb Shahi architecture of the 16th and early 17th centuries followed classical Persian architecture featuring domes and colossal arches.


Premise: What document declares that the Roman Catholic church lives within the body of Christ?

Hypothesis: It is considered an important document, identifying the Catholic Church with the Body of Christ.


Premise: What average daily amount did a tourist spend in Tennessee in 2013?

Hypothesis: In 2013 tourism within the state from local citizens accounted for 39.9% of tourists, the second highest originating location for tourists to Tennessee is the state of Georgia, accounting for 8.4% of tourists.:17 Forty-four percent of stays in the state


Premise: How much of the population is over age 60?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, 22% of the population claimed social security benefit in 2006/7, most of them aged over 60, a sector that represents 20% of the population.


Premise: What year did Vote for the Worst cease operations?

Hypothesis: Since 2004, votes also have been affected to a limited degree by online communities such as DialIdol, Vote for the Worst (closed in 2013), and Vote for the Girls (started 2010).


Premise: Who was the Grand Secretary under Jiajing?

Hypothesis: The court eunuchs were in favor of expanding and building new commercial ties with foreign countries such as Portugal, which Zhengde deemed permissible since he had an affinity for foreign and exotic people.


Premise: When did American military involvement ramp up in Vietnam?

Hypothesis: Major American military involvement began in 1964, after Congress provided President Lyndon B. Johnson with blanket approval for presidential use of force in the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.


Premise: Which of Popper's works criticized the idea that history has an inexorable developmental path?

Hypothesis: In The Open Society and Its Enemies and The Poverty of Historicism, Popper developed a critique of historicism and a defence of the "Open Society".


Premise: Who did Schwarzenegger reportedly begin dating shortly after his separation?

Hypothesis: The divorcing couple currently own vacation homes in Sun Valley, Idaho and Hyannis Port, Massachusetts.


Premise: What are often called psychoacoustic models?

Hypothesis: Models of the human ear-brain combination incorporating such effects are often called psychoacoustic models.


Premise: What was the new modern army called?

Hypothesis: Japan, a country long regarded by the Chinese as little more than an upstart nation of pirates, annihilated the Qing government's modernized Beiyang Fleet, then deemed to be the strongest naval force in Asia.


Premise: What is the coldest recorded temperature?

Hypothesis: Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents.


Premise: Who was Henry Hudson working for?

Hypothesis: In 1609, English explorer Henry Hudson re-discovered the region when he sailed his ship the Halve Maen ("Half Moon" in Dutch) into New York Harbor while searching for the Northwest Passage to the Orient for his employer, the Dutch East India Company.


Premise: What is a notable legal case involving open source and IBM?

Hypothesis: IBM has been a leading proponent of the Open Source Initiative, and began supporting Linux in 1998.


Premise: What is an example of a school of thought Hegel believed to be wrong?

Hypothesis: Similarly finite natural things are less "real"—because they are less self-determining—than spiritual things like morally responsible people, ethical communities and God.


Premise: Regarding atoms, what does the Planck constant imply?

Hypothesis: Instead, it must be some multiple of a very small quantity, the "quantum of action", now called the Planck constant.


Premise: In what film did Spielberg address terrorism?

Hypothesis: In later years, his films began addressing humanistic issues such as the Holocaust (in Schindler's List), the transatlantic slave trade (in Amistad), war (in Empire of the Sun, Saving Private Ryan, War Horse and Bridge of Spies) and terrorism (in Munich).


Premise: A money based economy was first entrenched in what dynasty?

Hypothesis: The Han dynasty was an age of economic prosperity and saw a significant growth of the money economy first established during the Zhou dynasty (c. 1050–256 BC).


Premise: The potential for corruption in public spending are one of the arguments that favor what?

Hypothesis: The argument that corruption necessarily follows from the opportunity is weakened by the existence of countries with low to non-existent corruption but large public sectors, like the Nordic countries.


Premise: How could Sarton's ideas be described?

Hypothesis: He shared with many of his contemporaries a Whiggish belief in history as a record of the advances and delays in the march of progress.


Premise: How much gold in grams was one dollar equivalent to?

Hypothesis: Silver coins continued to be issued for circulation until 1964, when all silver was removed from dimes and quarters, and the half dollar was reduced to 40% silver.


Premise: German name for knight?

Hypothesis: The term szlachta is derived from the Old High German word slahta (modern German Geschlecht), which means "(noble) family", much as many other Polish words pertaining to the nobility derive from German words—e.g.


Premise: Where do migrating birds visit?

Hypothesis: Once the site attachment is made they show high site-fidelity, visiting the same wintering sites year after year.


Premise: How many criteria are used to judge a great power in the neorealist theory?

Hypothesis: Early writings on the subject tended to judge states by the realist criterion, as expressed by the historian A. J. P. Taylor when he noted that "The test of a great power is the test of strength for war."


Premise: Identify a major Prussian loss to the Russians

Hypothesis: The Russian army was heavily dependent upon its main magazines in Poland, and the Prussian army launched several successful raids against them.


Premise: What is the geographical feature New Delhi lies on that is responsible for frequent earthquakes?

Hypothesis: There has, however, been a spike in the number of earthquakes in the last six years, most notable being a 5.4 magnitude earthquake in 2015 with its epicentre in Nepal, a 4.7-magnitude earthquake on 25 November 2007, a 4.2-magnitude earthquake on 7 September 2011, a 5.2-magnitude earthquake on 5 March 2012, and a swarm of twelve earthquakes, including four of magnitudes 2.5, 2.8, 3.1, and 3.3, on 12 November 2013.


Premise: What percentage increase in flight distance will often be adaptive?

Hypothesis: Theoretical analyses show that detours that increase flight distance by up to 20% will often be adaptive on aerodynamic grounds - a bird that loads itself with food to cross a long barrier flies less efficiently.


Premise: The Canadian Armed Forces were initially organized under what department?

Hypothesis: By 1923, the department was merged into the Department of National Defence, but land forces in Canada were not referred to as the Canadian Army until November 1940.


Premise: Diaz promoted economic growth by encouraging investment from foreign companies at the expense of what group?

Hypothesis: At the expense of the working class, the Díaz administration promoted economic growth by encouraging investment from foreign companies from the United Kingdom, France, Imperial Germany and the United States.


Premise: Per Blankens, Jesse Ignjatovic, and Evan Pragger replaced which two executives?

Hypothesis: Also, Nigel Lythgoe and Ken Warwick were replaced as executive producers by Per Blankens, Jesse Ignjatovic and Evan Pragger.


Premise: Who paid for the most lavish of festival events?

Hypothesis: The triumph of a Roman general was celebrated as the fulfillment of religious vows, though these tended to be overshadowed by the political and social significance of the event.


Premise: How is the soul perceived according to Avicenna's work "Floating Man"?

Hypothesis: While he was imprisoned in the castle of Fardajan near Hamadhan, Avicenna wrote his famous "Floating Man" – literally falling man – thought experiment to demonstrate human self-awareness and the substantiality and immateriality of the soul.


Premise: How long have the boundaries of somerset remained constant

Hypothesis: The boundaries of Somerset are largely unaltered from medieval times.


Premise: What label pushed out Kanye's fourth studio album?

Hypothesis: Upon its release, the lead single "Love Lockdown" debuted at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 and became a "Hot Shot Debut", while follow-up single "Heartless" performed similarly and became his second consecutive "Hot Shot Debut" by debuting at number four on the Billboard Hot 100.


Premise: How many people died in Sichuan Province?

Hypothesis: It was the deadliest earthquake to hit China since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, which killed at least 240,000 people, and the strongest in the country since the 1950 Chayu earthquake, which registered at 8.5 on the Richter magnitude scale.


Premise: What's the storage capacity for the iPod Touch?

Hypothesis: Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued).


Premise: Who led Mexico City?

Hypothesis: While the Federal District was ruled by the federal government through an appointed governor, the municipalities within it were autonomous, and this duality of powers created tension between the municipalities and the federal government for more than a century.