Premise: Who used a sample of Czech individuals to determine the frequency of "Monigoloid" "mtDNA lineages"?

Hypothesis: Malyarchuk said the "Russian population" was developed by the "assimilation of the indigenous pre-Slavic population of Eastern Europe by true Slavs" with additional "assimilation of Finno-Ugric populations" and "long-lasting" interactions with the populations of "Siberia" and "Central Asia".


Premise: Which ocean name is translated to mean "all the sea?"

Hypothesis: All the deep-ocean sediments laid down during the Triassic have disappeared through subduction of oceanic plates; thus, very little is known of the Triassic open ocean.


Premise: Who was Princess Charlotte married to until her death?

Hypothesis: Her death in 1817 precipitated a succession crisis that brought pressure on the Duke of Kent and his unmarried brothers to marry and have children.


Premise: In what year did Queen's A Night at the Opera Tour begin?

Hypothesis: The album's first track "Death on Two Legs" is said to be written by Mercury about Norman Sheffield and the former management at Trident who helped make the video so popular.


Premise: What is injected in small amounts into the soft tissue between vertebrae to produce local pain?

Hypothesis: Vigorous vibration or electrical stimulation of the stump, or current from electrodes surgically implanted onto the spinal cord, all produce relief in some patients.


Premise: What type of modifications been added to the Philippines Constitution?

Hypothesis: Over the years various modifications have been proposed to the Constitution of the Philippines, including possible transition to a federal system as part of a shift to a parliamentary system.


Premise: Is an original destroyed when transferred to digital format?

Hypothesis: Where old disc recordings are considered to be of artistic or historic interest, from before the era of tape or where no tape master exists, archivists play back the disc on suitable equipment and record the result, typically onto a digital format, which can be copied and manipulated to remove analog flaws without any further damage to the source recording.


Premise: What French magazine did Beyoncé appear in wearing blackface and tribal makeup?

Hypothesis: In 2011, she appeared on the cover of French fashion magazine L'Officiel, in blackface and tribal makeup that drew criticism from the media.


Premise: Which law first referred to the prime minister in Canada?

Hypothesis: In the Constitution Act, 1982, passing reference to a "Prime Minister of Canada" is added, though only regarding the composition of conferences of federal and provincial first ministers.


Premise: Is latewood denser or less dense than earlywood?

Hypothesis: The latewood will be denser than that formed early in the season.


Premise: When was the war of Spanish Succession?

Hypothesis: The Catalan defeat in the War of Spanish Succession (1714) initiated a series of measures imposing the use of Spanish in legal documentation.


Premise: How many months did Albert spend in the Mediterranean in 1913?

Hypothesis: Albert spent the first six months of 1913 on the training ship HMS Cumberland in the West Indies and on the east coast of Canada.


Premise: States can grant their people broader rights than those granted in what document?

Hypothesis: Indeed, states may grant their citizens broader rights than the federal Constitution as long as they do not infringe on any federal constitutional rights.


Premise: What year was Cyprus granted independence?

Hypothesis: Turkish leaders for a period advocated the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as Cyprus was considered an "extension of Anatolia" by them; while since the 19th century, the majority Greek Cypriot population and its Orthodox church had been pursuing union with Greece, which became a Greek national policy in the 1950s.


Premise: What was the underlying cause of the failure on IndyMac?

Hypothesis: While the run was a contributing factor in the timing of IndyMac’s demise, the underlying cause of the failure was the unsafe and unsound manner in which the thrift was operated.


Premise: What defenses does a domestic cat have against predators?

Hypothesis: Many non-predatory prey animals, such as a zebra, can give a strong kick that can maim or kill, while others charge with tusks or horns.


Premise: What type of sex are most earthworms?

Hypothesis: In all clitellates the cocoon also either produces yolk when the eggs are fertilized or nutrients while they are developing.


Premise: Where was Napoleon put under house arrest?

Hypothesis: Some contemporaries alleged that Bonaparte was put under house arrest at Nice for his association with the Robespierres following their fall in the Thermidorian Reaction in July 1794, but Napoleon's secretary Bourrienne disputed the allegation in his memoirs.


Premise: How many citizens were origionally in Cork?

Hypothesis: The medieval population of Cork was about 2,100 people.


Premise: What group did Southampton's Rob Skipper sing for?

Hypothesis: James Zabiela, a highly regarded and recognised name in dance music, is also from Southampton.


Premise: What contributed to developing military technology for Sumer?

Hypothesis: The spearmen are shown arranged in what resembles the phalanx formation, which requires training and discipline; this implies that the Sumerians may have made use of professional soldiers.


Premise: Where in the United States did the Spanish explore?

Hypothesis: Additionally, western regions of the Louisiana Territory were under Spanish rule between 1763 to 1800, after the French and Indian War, further extending the Spanish influence throughout modern-day United States of America.


Premise: The first half of the 20th century was marked by what in Russia and the Soviet Union?

Hypothesis: The first half of the 20th century in Russia and the Soviet Union was marked by a succession of wars, famines and other disasters, each accompanied by large-scale population losses.


Premise: When was Alexander Balus composed?

Hypothesis: Antonio Maria Bononcini composed La conquista delle Spagne di Scipione Africano il giovane in 1707 and George Frideric Handel composed Alexander Balus in 1748.


Premise: How many species of fungi were recorded in Egypt?

Hypothesis: Apart from small and well-studied groups like amphibians, birds, fish, mammals and reptiles, the many of those numbers are likely to increase as further species are recorded from Egypt.


Premise: How large is the zone in Canada?

Hypothesis: The highest of the group is Mount Mitchell in North Carolina at 6,684 feet (2,037 m), which is the highest point in the United States east of the Mississippi River.


Premise: Who argued that an emotional stimulus triggered experiential and physiological responses to emotions at the same time?

Hypothesis: Bard found that sensory, motor, and physiological information all had to pass through the diencephalon (particularly the thalamus), before being subjected to any further processing.


Premise: Which Lophotrochozoa phyla have similar egg development?

Hypothesis: In these phyla the "fates" of the embryo's cells, in other words the roles their descendants will play in the adult animal, are the same and can be predicted from a very early stage.


Premise: Universities that encompass several engineering schools provide curricula in sciences and what other field?

Hypothesis: Collegiate universities grouping several engineering schools or multi-site clusters of French grandes écoles provide sciences and technology curricula as autonomous higher education engineering institutes.


Premise: Who was considered to be the last king of the Roman Kingdom?

Hypothesis: Before the revolution, a king would be elected by the senators for a life term.


Premise: Why has demand for water increased annually on Cyprus?

Hypothesis: However, since then demand has increased annually – a result of local population growth, foreigners moving to Cyprus and the number of visiting tourists – while supply has fallen as a result of more frequent droughts.


Premise: About how thick would a PCB layer be if it contained three oz. of copper?

Hypothesis: PCB designers and fabricators often use heavy copper when design and manufacturing circuit boards in order to increase current-carrying capacity as well as resistance to thermal strains.


Premise: What capability is spread through the growth ring in ring-porous species?

Hypothesis: Some species, such as walnut and cherry, are on the border between the two classes, forming an intermediate group.[citation needed]


Premise: If Bob realized he needed to mail his mother a letter after seeing the postal office, which kind of memory did he trigger?

Hypothesis: Another major way to distinguish different memory functions is whether the content to be remembered is in the past, retrospective memory, or in the future, prospective memory.


Premise: What does retroviral coverage help prevent?

Hypothesis: The prevalence of HIV-infection among the adult population is 1.8%.


Premise: As early as what year was a spy ring set up in the Yugoslav party?

Hypothesis: Although Tito was formally an ally of Stalin after World War II, the Soviets had set up a spy ring in the Yugoslav party as early as 1945, giving way to an uneasy alliance.[citation needed]


Premise: What was La Malinche essential to?

Hypothesis: Subsequently given along with other women to the invading Spaniards, she became instrumental in the Spanish conquest of Mexico, acting as interpreter, adviser, intermediary and lover to Hernán Cortés.


Premise: When was Michigan's fourth Constitution ratified?

Hypothesis: Article 4, Section 46 of Michigan's fourth Constitution (ratified in 1963; effective in 1964) prohibits any law providing for the penalty of death.


Premise: What did the beginning of the 18th century mark the beginning of in Europe?

Hypothesis: The 18th century saw the beginning of secularization in Europe, rising to notability in the wake of the French Revolution.


Premise: As one of the oldest and largest traditions, how long have the city been celebrating Saint Patrick's Day?

Hypothesis: New Haven's Saint Patrick's Day parade, which began in 1842, is New England's oldest St. Patty's Day parade and draws the largest crowds of any one-day spectator event in Connecticut.


Premise: How much did the Department of Transportation give to Richmond for its Rapid Transit System?

Hypothesis: a roughly $25 million grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation to support a newly proposed Rapid Transit System, which would run along Broad Street from Willow Lawn to Rocketts Landing, in the first phase of an improved public transportation hub for the region.


Premise: What is supposed to be the last resort for police?

Hypothesis: A "shoot-to-kill" policy was recently introduced in South Africa, which allows police to use deadly force against any person who poses a significant threat to them or civilians.


Premise: Despite FDA approval, how much more likely to die are patients who take bedaquiline in addition to the standard TB regimen?

Hypothesis: However, existing data suggest that patients taking bedaquiline in addition to standard TB therapy are five times more likely to die than those without the new drug, which has resulted in medical journal articles raising health policy questions about why the FDA approved the drug and whether financial ties to the company making bedaquiline influenced physicians' support for its use


Premise: What academy was the most important medical center of the world at the time and became Islamicized after the Arab invasions?

Hypothesis: Gunde Shapur, home of the Academy of Gunde Shapur which was the most important medical center of the world at the time, survived after the invasion, but became known as an Islamic institute thereafter.


Premise: What university class year belonged to the group of theorists?

Hypothesis: The University of Chicago's 1960–61 Group Theory Year brought together group theorists such as Daniel Gorenstein, John G. Thompson and Walter Feit, laying the foundation of a collaboration that, with input from numerous other mathematicians, classified all finite simple groups in 1982.


Premise: In political federalism what does Presbyterian ecclesiology do?

Hypothesis: As in political federalism, in presbyterian ecclesiology there is shared sovereignty.


Premise: Generally speaking, what percentage of music on easy listening stations was instrumental?

Hypothesis: The easy listening format, as it was first known, was born of a desire by some radio stations in the late 1950s and early 1960s to continue playing current hit songs but distinguish themselves from being branded as "rock and roll" stations.


Premise: Did Muslims in Burma give a repose to statements made by al-Qaeda?

Hypothesis: In a video released 3 September 2014 mainly addressed to India, the militant group's leader Ayman al-Zawahiri said al-Qaeda had not forgotten the Muslims of Myanmar and that the group was doing "what they can to rescue you".


Premise: The single Ray of Light debut at which number of the Billboard Hot 100?

Hypothesis: The album's first single, "Frozen", became Madonna's first single to debut at number one in the UK, while in the U.S. it became her sixth number-two single, setting another record for Madonna as the artist with the most number two hits.


Premise: The suprachiasmatic nucleus is a small part of what part of the brain?

Hypothesis: The SCN continues to keep time even if it is excised from the brain and placed in a dish of warm nutrient solution, but it ordinarily receives input from the optic nerves, through the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT), that allows daily light-dark cycles to calibrate the clock.


Premise: What is the internal body cavity of animals in the Bilateria group called?

Hypothesis: For the most part, they are bilaterally symmetric, and often have a specialized head with feeding and sensory organs.


Premise: What is one type of capacitor that has a specified rating value for maximum ripple current?

Hypothesis: Some types of capacitors, primarily tantalum and aluminum electrolytic capacitors, as well as some film capacitors have a specified rating value for maximum ripple current.


Premise: What was Spielberg's father's career?

Hypothesis: His mother, Leah (Adler) Posner (born 1920), was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, Arnold Spielberg (born 1917), was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers.


Premise: Who built the Göbekli Tepe temple?

Hypothesis: This site was developed by nomadic hunter-gatherer tribes, evidenced by the lack of permanent housing in the vicinity and may be the oldest known human-made place of worship.


Premise: Which government position is given most of the executive powers over Delhi?

Hypothesis: According to the Indian constitution, if a law passed by Delhi's legislative assembly is repugnant to any law passed by the Parliament of India, then the law enacted by the parliament will prevail over the law enacted by the assembly.


Premise: What document was greatly informed by the idea of separation of powers?

Hypothesis: This philosophy heavily influenced the writing of the United States Constitution, according to which the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches of the United States government are kept distinct in order to prevent abuse of power.


Premise: What is EchoStar's platform?

Hypothesis: Prior to the trial proceedings, EchoStar indicated that it intended to offer Wayback Machine snapshots as proof of the past content of Telewizja Polska's web site.


Premise: What is the name of the ecoregion to the east and southeast of the Aravalli Range?

Hypothesis: The Aravalli Range and the lands to the east and southeast of the range are generally more fertile and better watered.


Premise: What were dogs in this era most likely to be considered?

Hypothesis: Turtles and fish were taken from streams and lakes.


Premise: What was the island a source of for ships travelling from Asia to Europe?

Hypothesis: The Portuguese found the island uninhabited, with an abundance of trees and fresh water.


Premise: What theory suggests that acids are proton donors?

Hypothesis: Under the Bronsted-Lowry theory, acids are proton donors, while bases are proton acceptors.


Premise: The Battle of Gallipoli and the Siege of Kut resulted in what?

Hypothesis: There were several important Ottoman victories in the early years of the war, such as the Battle of Gallipoli and the Siege of Kut.


Premise: What was Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki's occupation?

Hypothesis: Japanese historian Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki describes Uesugi's beliefs as: "Those who are reluctant to give up their lives and embrace death are not true warriors....


Premise: Who issued the first Papal prounouncement against Freemasonry?

Hypothesis: A number of Papal pronouncements have been issued against Freemasonry.


Premise: What job were Colonels Dean Rusk and Charles H. Bonesteel III given?

Hypothesis: On the night of 10 August in Washington, American Colonels Dean Rusk and Charles H. Bonesteel III were tasked with dividing the Korean Peninsula into Soviet and U.S. occupation zones and proposed the 38th parallel.


Premise: Which governor is given credit for the name Tennessee as it is now spelled?

Hypothesis: The modern spelling, Tennessee, is attributed to James Glen, the governor of South Carolina, who used this spelling in his official correspondence during the 1750s.


Premise: What did Hume say can't be rationally justified?

Hypothesis: Mill's empiricism went a significant step beyond Hume in still another respect: in maintaining that induction is necessary for all meaningful knowledge including mathematics.


Premise: What is an option  of component interface testing  used while sending message packets?

Hypothesis: One option for interface testing is to keep a separate log file of data items being passed, often with a timestamp logged to allow analysis of thousands of cases of data passed between units for days or weeks.


Premise: Where was the moleben held?

Hypothesis: Thousands gathered in Lviv for an unauthorized moleben (religious service) in front of St. George's Cathedral.


Premise: Until 1965 what were the Houston Astros called?

Hypothesis: expansion team formed in 1962 (known as the "Colt .45s" until 1965) that made one World Series appearance in 2005.


Premise: What problems did Sheptycki say 'organizational pathologies' have caused for police?

Hypothesis: James Sheptycki has analyzed the effects of the new information technologies on the organization of policing-intelligence and suggests that a number of 'organizational pathologies' have arisen that make the functioning of security-intelligence processes in transnational policing deeply problematic.


Premise: What exact date did Samoan independence go into effect?

Hypothesis: While independence was achieved at the beginning of January, Samoa annually celebrates 1 June as its independence day.


Premise: What did Kanye change the title of his next planned album from So Help Me God to?

Hypothesis: West announced that the album would instead be tentatively called SWISH.


Premise: In what decade did computer hardware become able to handle a relational system?

Hypothesis: By the early 1990s, however, relational systems dominated in all large-scale data processing applications, and as of 2015[update] they remain dominant : IBM DB2, Oracle, MySQL and Microsoft SQL Server are the top DBMS.


Premise: In what year was the Miami Central Station originally supposed to have been completed?

Hypothesis: Current construction of the Miami Central Station will move all Amtrak operations from its current out-of-the-way location to a centralized location with Metrorail, MIA Mover, Tri-Rail, Miami International Airport, and the Miami Intermodal Center all within the same station closer to Downtown.


Premise: What kind of progress does science make given the methodology Popper describes?

Hypothesis: Rather, it is recommended as an essential principle of methodology that, if enacted by a system or community, will lead to slow but steady progress of a sort (relative to how well the system or community enacts the method).


Premise: Who wrote that the legislative branch was the predominate branch of government?

Hypothesis: However, James Madison wrote in Federalist 51, regarding the ability of each branch to defend itself from actions by the others, that "it is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self-defense.


Premise: What else would be an effective application of this antenna type?

Hypothesis: They interact with the magnetic field of the radio wave instead of the electric field as other antennas do, and so are relatively insensitive to nearby electrical noise.


Premise: Who helped Beyoncé overcome her depression during the years following the Destiny's Child split?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé would later speak of her mother as the person who helped her fight it.


Premise: How many student organizations does Washington University have on campus?

Hypothesis: Most are funded by the Washington University Student Union, which has a $2 million plus annual budget that is completely student-controlled and is one of the largest student government budgets in the country.


Premise: Why was Saurez not playing for four months?

Hypothesis: Two days later, it was announced that Luis Enrique would return to Barcelona as head coach, after he agreed to a two-year deal.


Premise: Who do the mosaics at the the basilica of San Lorenzo depict as being abducted?

Hypothesis: The surviving apse mosaic of the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio, which shows Christ enthroned between Saint Gervasius and Saint Protasius and angels before a golden background date back to the 5th and to the 8th century, although it was restored many times later.


Premise: Besides formic, acetic, and lactic acid, what type of acid does cellulose produce?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, tests sponsored by the Library of Congress prove that all paper is at risk of acid decay, because cellulose itself produces formic, acetic, lactic and oxalic acids.


Premise: Pomors are distinguished by the presence of what?

Hypothesis: Its presence in Pomors (called "Northern Russians" in the report) attests to the non-Slavic tribes (mixing with Finnic tribes of northern Eurasia).


Premise: What was "chicken in a basket" served in?

Hypothesis: In the 1950s some British pubs would offer "a pie and a pint", with hot individual steak and ale pies made easily on the premises by the proprietor's wife during the lunchtime opening hours.


Premise: Which person became vice-president of Notre Dame in 1933?

Hypothesis: Holy Cross Father John Francis O'Hara was elected vice-president in 1933 and president of Notre Dame in 1934.


Premise: What is the reason for French and Italian not being very mutually comprehensible?

Hypothesis: In fact, French-Italian and French-Spanish relative mutual incomprehensibility is due to French having undergone more rapid and more pervasive phonological change than have Spanish and Italian, not to real or imagined distance in genetic relationship.


Premise: When did the French take control of the region to the north of the Congo River?

Hypothesis: The area north of the Congo River came under French sovereignty in 1880 as a result of Pierre de Brazza's treaty with Makoko of the Bateke.


Premise: What are the most common types of eagles one might see in the Jaisalmer region?

Hypothesis: The region is a haven for migratory and resident birds of the desert.


Premise: What laser can currently be used in the type of role that was first thought of in the late 1960s?

Hypothesis: In particular the Tactical High Energy Laser can be used in the anti-aircraft and anti-missile role.


Premise: What did Nachmanides write?

Hypothesis: Nachmanides, the 13th-century Spanish rabbi and recognised leader of Jewry greatly praised the land of Israel and viewed its settlement as a positive commandment incumbent on all Jews.


Premise: What is the technique that analyzes the constituent bonds of molecules to identify them?

Hypothesis: If an oscillation leads to a change in dipole in the molecule then it will absorb a photon that has the same frequency.


Premise: Who have followed this method?

Hypothesis: According to the Rev. John Gulick: "The inhabitants of other Asiatic nations, who have had occasion to represent the words of their several languages by Chinese characters, have as a rule used unaspirated characters for the sounds, g, d, b.


Premise: What is the total population of New Haven as reported by the U.S. Census Bureau in 2010?

Hypothesis: The city's demography is shifting rapidly: New Haven has always been a city of immigrants and currently the Latino population is growing rapidly.


Premise: Who is the president of the regional counsel?

Hypothesis: The president of the Regional Council is Philippe Richert, a member of the Union for a Popular Movement, elected in the 2010 regional election.


Premise: Who was deeply dissatisfied with Bazaine's decision to abandon Chihuahua?

Hypothesis: By January 31, 1866 Billaut was ordered to leave Chihuahua, but he left behind 500 men to maintain control.


Premise: How many colleges compete at the Division 1 level in North Carolina?

Hypothesis: College basketball in particular is very popular, buoyed by the Tobacco Road rivalries between Duke, North Carolina, North Carolina State, and Wake Forest.


Premise: Roughly how many pages of the works of Aristotle were translated by the 12th century?

Hypothesis: Some scholars believe that these works represented one of the most important document discoveries in Western intellectual history.


Premise: What is the name of the building at University of Prague in Bohemia?

Hypothesis: By the late Middle Ages university towns had grown in wealth and importance as well, and this was reflected in the buildings of some of Europe's ancient universities.


Premise: Where was very expensive wallpaper imported from?

Hypothesis: Inside ornament was far more generous, and could sometimes be overwhelming.


Premise: Who was a parent of Python?

Hypothesis: Apollo killed Python but had to be punished for it, since Python was a child of Gaia.


Premise: Who was the first person to drive through The Queens-Midtown Tunnel?

Hypothesis: President Franklin D. Roosevelt was the first person to drive through it.


Premise: What does being a Class 1 LED product mean?

Hypothesis: At present, only a few LEDs—extremely bright LEDs that also have a tightly focused viewing angle of 8° or less—could, in theory, cause temporary blindness, and so are classified as "Class 2".


Premise: What is another word for "Light Skinned"

Hypothesis: For example, the telenovelas or soaps are criticized for featuring actors who resemble northern Europeans rather than actors of the more prevalent Southern European features) and light-skinned mulatto and mestizo appearance.


Premise: What was the first song that Katherine McPhee released after coming in second on American Idol?

Hypothesis: Do I Make You Proud" was released as Hicks' first single and McPhee's


Premise: How long is the song The March of the Black Queen?

Hypothesis: Allmusic has described the album as a favourite among the band's hardcore fans, and it is the first of three Queen albums to feature in the book 1001 Albums


Premise: What is one type of fixture commonly found in offices?

Hypothesis: The standard lamp and shade that sits on a table is general lighting, while the desk lamp is considered task lighting.


Premise: How many Armenians speak Russian natively?

Hypothesis: In Armenia Russian has no official status, but it's recognised as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities.


Premise: From the end of the 4th century, what territory was the western extent of modern-day Switzerland part of?

Hypothesis: In the Early Middle Ages, from the end of the 4th century, the western extent of modern-day Switzerland was part of the territory of the Kings of the Burgundians.


Premise: What forms as zinc corrodes?

Hypothesis: Zinc is more reactive than iron or steel and thus will attract almost all local oxidation until it completely corrodes away.


Premise: Who starred in the film Three Smart Girls?

Hypothesis: Teenage singer Deanna Durbin starred in Pasternak's first American film, Three Smart Girls (1936).


Premise: On what date did American Idol air its season six finale?

Hypothesis: In the May 23 season finale, Jordin Sparks was declared the winner with the runner-up being Blake Lewis.


Premise: When did British troops occupy the city of Montevideo?

Hypothesis: After this conflict, the governor of Montevideo Francisco Javier de Elío opposed the new viceroy Santiago de Liniers, and created a government Junta when the Peninsular War started in Spain, in defiance of Liniers.


Premise: With Milosevic dead, who did the ICTY next charge with crimes of genocide in 1995?

Hypothesis: In 1995, the ICTY issued a warrant for the arrest of Bosnian Serbs Radovan Karadžić and Ratko Mladić on several charges including genocide.


Premise: What gas vacuoles are respoonsible for in bacteria?

Hypothesis: Gas vacuoles, which are freely permeable to gas, are membrane-bound vesicles present in some species of Cyanobacteria.


Premise: Who could have been one of Athanasius's teachers?

Hypothesis: Peter of Alexandria, the 17th archbishop of Alexandria, was martyred in 311 in the closing days of that persecution, and may have been one of those teachers.


Premise: By what group was the Portugal region settled?

Hypothesis: The early history of Portugal is shared with the rest of the Iberian Peninsula located in South Western Europe.


Premise: What collections are the Nanjing Museum famous for?

Hypothesis: The museum is notable for enormous collections of Ming and Qing imperial porcelain, which is among the largest in the world.


Premise: How many countries signed the treaty protecting Antarctica from claims?

Hypothesis: The treaty was signed by twelve countries including the Soviet Union (and later Russia), the United Kingdom, Argentina, Chile, Australia, and the United States.


Premise: What are three pests pesticides target?

Hypothesis: Although pesticides have benefits, some also have drawbacks, such as potential toxicity to humans and other species.


Premise: How many murders were in Raleigh in 2010?

Hypothesis: According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reports, in 2010 the Raleigh Police Department and other agencies in the city reported 1,740 incidents of violent crime and 12,995 incidents of property crime – far below both the national average and the North Carolina average.


Premise: What famous spiritual guide and God was a devotional temple made to in the 8th century ?

Hypothesis: The Oracle of Apollo at Delphi was established in this period.


Premise: What is Nigeria's official language?

Hypothesis: The official language is English.


Premise: What year did the Treaty of Paris fall?

Hypothesis: The Treaty of Paris stood until 1871, when France was defeated by Prussia in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871.


Premise: What former contestant did Ace Young ask to marry him?

Hypothesis: Prior to the announcement of the winner, season five finalist Ace Young proposed marriage to season three runner-up Diana DeGarmo on stage – which she accepted.


Premise: What does a nonstandard dialect usually not have compared to a standard dialect?

Hypothesis: A nonstandard dialect, like a standard dialect, has a complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, but is usually not the beneficiary of institutional support.


Premise: What was it called when many Mexican's were forcibly repatriated?

Hypothesis: During the Mexican Repatriation of the 1930s many Mexicans in Detroit were willingly repatriated or forced to repatriate.


Premise: Who was Frédéric a guest of during his visit of Szafarnia in 1824 and 1825?

Hypothesis: In 1824 and 1825, at Szafarnia, he was a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski, the father of a schoolmate.


Premise: Nintendo relied primarily on what for its support?

Hypothesis: In the longer run, however, with the NES near its end of its life many third-party publishers such as Electronic Arts supported upstart competing consoles with less strict licensing terms such as the Sega Genesis and then the PlayStation, which eroded and then took over Nintendo's dominance in the home console market, respectively.


Premise: What is the first degree of Masonry?

Hypothesis: In other jurisdictions, the grade is not recognised, and no inner ceremony conveys new secrets during the installation of a new Master of the Lodge.


Premise: The Maratharas gained what over Rajputana?

Hypothesis: Over the years, the Mughals began to have internal disputes which greatly distracted them at times.


Premise: What year was the DOE report about fuel consumption published?

Hypothesis: Several studies have suggested that DST increases motor fuel consumption.


Premise: What phenomenon causes the center of London to be warmer than its suburbs?

Hypothesis: As a large city, London has a considerable urban heat island effect, making the centre of London at times 5 °C (9 °F) warmer than the suburbs and outskirts.


Premise: Which part of the arousal system controls the body's biological clock?

Hypothesis: A key component of the arousal system is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a tiny part of the hypothalamus located directly above the point at which the optic nerves from the two eyes cross.


Premise: Regarding atoms, what are values in between certain energy levels considered by the Planck constant?

Hypothesis: Instead, it must be some multiple of a very small quantity, the "quantum of action", now called the Planck constant.


Premise: Who eventually lead the project on the Mac team?

Hypothesis: The rest of the original Mac team would include Bill Atkinson, Bob Belleville, Steve Capps, George Crow, Donn Denman, Chris Espinosa, Andy Hertzfeld, Bruce Horn, Susan Kare, Larry Kenyon, and Caroline Rose with Steve Jobs leading the project.


Premise: The North Aegean islands are located where?

Hypothesis: The Greek islands are traditionally grouped into the following clusters:


Premise: What were the three moods that caused verb variation in Old English?

Hypothesis: Old English also sometimes uses compound constructions to express other verbal aspects, the future and the passive voice; in these we see the beginnings of the compound tenses of Modern English.


Premise: What was the name of the project introduced by GE at the 2011 Toronto International Fils Festival?

Hypothesis: Short Films, Big Ideas was launched at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival in partnership with cinelan.


Premise: When did the population increases begin in Oklahoma city?

Hypothesis: It is the first city in the state to record a population greater than 600,000 residents and the largest municipal population of the Great Plains region (OK, KS, NE, SD, ND).


Premise: In what year did the Battle of Mobei take place?

Hypothesis: However, a court conference the following year convinced the majority that a limited engagement at Mayi involving the assassination of the Chanyu would throw the Xiongnu realm into chaos and benefit the Han.


Premise: What do most definitions of population rely on?

Hypothesis: In order to do this, a working definition of population must be found.


Premise: Which film did Kaminski first work with Spielberg on?

Hypothesis: For cinematography, Allen Daviau, a childhood friend and cinematographer, shot the early Spielberg film Amblin and most of his films up to Empire of the Sun; Janusz Kamiński who has shot every Spielberg film since Schindler's List (see List of film director and cinematographer collaborations); and the film editor Michael Kahn who has edited every film directed by Spielberg from Close Encounters to Munich (except E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial).


Premise: What reacts with finely divided uranium?

Hypothesis: Uranium metal reacts with almost all non-metal elements (with an exception of the noble gases) and their compounds, with reactivity increasing with temperature.


Premise: According to the Action Tendency Model, the opposite of approach is described as unmoving with what?

Hypothesis: This still left open the question of whether the opposite of approach in the prefrontal cortex is better described as moving away (Direction Model), as unmoving but with strength and resistance (Movement Model), or as unmoving with passive yielding (Action Tendency Model).


Premise: What are some examples that Darwin gives of species whose basic form of limbs is similar, but who have vastly different uses for them?

Hypothesis: He notes that animals of the same class often have extremely similar embryos.


Premise: Edwin Hubble's discovery about galaxies allowed for which theory by Georges Lemaitre?

Hypothesis: The observation by Edwin Hubble in 1929 that the speed at which galaxies recede positively correlates with their distance, led to the understanding that the universe is expanding, and the formulation of the Big Bang theory by Georges Lemaître.


Premise: What does antibiosis mean?

Hypothesis: He then proposed the idea that it might be possible to create chemicals that would act as a selective drug that would bind to and kill bacteria without harming the human host.


Premise: From what nation did Nasser support the independence of Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco?

Hypothesis: At Bandung Nasser sought a proclamation for the avoidance of international defense alliances, support for the independence of Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco from French rule, support for the Palestinian right of return, and the implementation of UN resolutions regarding the Arab–Israeli conflict.


Premise: What was William Adams's Japanese name?

Hypothesis: The Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu presented him with two swords representing the authority of a samurai, and decreed that William Adams the sailor was dead and that Anjin Miura (三浦按針), a samurai, was born.


Premise: Whaen did Queen Victoria die?

Hypothesis: Her son and successor King Edward VII, and her eldest grandson, Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany, were at her deathbed.


Premise: Which Parliamentary Acts allow a bill to be presented for assent even after the House of Lords has refused it?

Hypothesis: It may be granted in parliament or outside parliament; in the latter case, each house must be separately notified before the bill takes effect.


Premise: What writer mentioned The Angel pub in his writings?

Hypothesis: The Angel, Islington was formerly a coaching inn, the first on the route northwards out of London, where Thomas Paine is believed to have written much of The Rights of Man.


Premise: Which two world leaders had negotiations that relieved the Cold War?

Hypothesis: In the spirit of good sportsmanship, the time seemed right for cooperation rather than competition, and the notion of a continuing "race" began to subside.


Premise: What year did HNIC begin being broadcasted on CBC?

Hypothesis: Many cultural groups criticized this and suggested the CBC air games from minor hockey leagues; the CBC responded that most such broadcast rights were already held by other groups, but it did base each Movie Night broadcast from a different Canadian hockey venue.


Premise: How many students were disabled in Xinhua?

Hypothesis: In the aftermath of the earthquake, the Chinese government declared that parents who had lost their only children would get free treatment from fertility clinics to reverse vasectomies and tubal ligations conducted by family planning authorities.


Premise: Who took Kangxi's place?

Hypothesis: After the Kangxi Emperor's death in the winter of 1722, his fourth son, Prince Yong (雍親王), became the Yongzheng Emperor.


Premise: What professional is Ian Penman known from?

Hypothesis: Many of these artists drew on backgrounds in art and viewed their music as invested in particular political or aesthetic agendas.


Premise: Who owns the largest carriers in the world?

Hypothesis: The United States Navy has 10 large nuclear-powered carriers (known as supercarriers, carrying up to 90 aircraft each), the largest carriers in the world; the total deckspace is over twice that of all other nations' combined.


Premise: What is re-formulations of active ingredients referred to?

Hypothesis: Because of the very long time needed for discovery, development, and approval of pharmaceuticals, these costs can accumulate to nearly half the total expense.


Premise: What did Chopin add to the modern dance of his era?

Hypothesis: Chopin's mazurkas, while originating in the traditional Polish dance (the mazurek), differed from the traditional variety in that they were written for the concert hall rather than the dance hall; "it was Chopin who put the mazurka on the European musical map.


Premise: Who visited with the hope of bringing back the Communist Party of Lithuania to the Soviet Party?

Hypothesis: However, Lithuania’s governing Communist Party was formally independent from Moscow's control – a first for Soviet Republics and a political earthquake that prompted Gorbachev to arrange a visit to Lithuania the following month in a futile attempt to bring the local party back under control.


Premise: During which prehistoric age was the Greek language invented?

Hypothesis: Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people have always been centered around the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age.


Premise: What is the exception to this common characteristic?

Hypothesis: Dialects differ in the different degrees of vowel reduction, and the incidence of the pair /ɛ e/.


Premise: Who did the Ming Dynasty decline titles from after receiving invitations?

Hypothesis: When the Ming Yongle Emperor invited Je Tsongkhapa (1357–1419), founder of the Gelug school, to come to the Ming court and pay tribute, the latter declined.


Premise: Where do Egyptians working abroad work mainly?

Hypothesis: Egypt's economy depends mainly on agriculture, media, petroleum imports, natural gas, and tourism; there are also more than three million Egyptians working abroad, mainly in Saudi Arabia, the Persian Gulf and Europe.


Premise: How many citizens of Thuringia are over the age of 65?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, the population is getting older and older with some rural municipalities recording more than 30% of over-65s (pensioners).


Premise: What is the theoretical maximum efficiency of reflective capsule bulbs?

Hypothesis: The "Halogena Energy Saver" incandescents can produce about 23 lm/W; about 30 percent more efficient than traditional incandescents, by using a reflective capsule to reflect formerly wasted infrared radiation back to the filament from which it can be re-emitted as visible light.


Premise: What were Indians categorized as after they were included as others?

Hypothesis: Native Americans were included among "Other;" in later censuses, they were included as "Free people of color" if they were not living on Indian reservations.


Premise: What entity oversees both Hampstead Heath of North London and Epping Forest?

Hypothesis: There are also numerous parks administered by London's borough Councils, including Victoria Park in the East End and Battersea Park in the centre.


Premise: Which region of the Appalachians is the most arid?

Hypothesis: The intermontane valleys, plateaus and basins range from treeless to desert with the most arid region being in the southwest.


Premise: What is distinguished from 'wothwhile' only by an accent, in Russian?

Hypothesis: For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: замо́к/за́мок (lock/castle), сто́ящий/стоя́щий (worthwhile/standing), чудно́/чу́дно (this is odd/this is marvelous), молоде́ц/мо́лодец (attaboy/fine young man),


Premise: What did Marxist like Stuart Hall and Raymond Williams  they identify culture as?

Hypothesis: In the United Kingdom, sociologists and other scholars influenced by Marxism, such as Stuart Hall (1932–2014) and Raymond Williams (1921–1988), developed cultural studies.


Premise: How quickly did IBM take to create the Xbox 360 processor?

Hypothesis: IBM also provided the microprocessor that serves as the heart of Nintendo's new Wii U system, which debuted in 2012.


Premise: What is one of the ways that Special Operations is different from conventional methods?

Hypothesis: Special operations differ from conventional operations in degree of physical and political risk, operational techniques, mode of employment, independence from friendly support, and dependence on detailed operational intelligence and indigenous assets" (JP 1-02).


Premise: What does MRAP stand for?

Hypothesis: Other vehicles include the Stryker, and the M113 armored personnel carrier, and multiple types of Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicles.


Premise: What company did Comcast sell their telecommunications company to?

Hypothesis: Comcast University started in 1999 as well as Comcast Interactive Capital Group to make technology and Internet related investments taking its first investment in VeriSign.


Premise: Since 2003, England has topped their logo with a star to recognize their World Cup win in which year?

Hypothesis: Since 2003, England top their logo with a star to recognise their World Cup win in 1966; this was first embroidered onto the left sleeve of the home kit, and a year later was moved to its current position, first on the away shirt.


Premise: Investing in what Industry is a sign that Somalia's economy is continuing to improve?

Hypothesis: Investment in the telecom industry is held to be one of the clearest signs that Somalia's economy has continued to develop.


Premise: Who chose to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis in about 1137?

Hypothesis: He designed the façade of Saint-Denis to be an echo of the Roman Arch of Constantine with its three-part division and three large portals to ease the problem of congestion.


Premise: When was Roncalli elected pope?

Hypothesis: Roncalli was elected pope on 28 October 1958 at age 76 after 11 ballots.


Premise: Nwankwo Kanu won what honor twice?

Hypothesis: The nation's cadet team from Japan '93 produced some international players notably Nwankwo Kanu, a two-time African Footballer of the year who won the European Champions League with Ajax Amsterdam and later played with Inter Milan, Arsenal, West Bromwich Albion and Portsmouth.


Premise: What are the six perfections under Mahayana teachings?

Hypothesis: Mahayana Buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas and to take the bodhisattva vow, where the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six pāramitās.


Premise: What is the rivalry between OSU and University of Oklahoma called?

Hypothesis: The two universities meet several times each year in rivalry matches known as the Bedlam Series, which are some of the greatest sporting draws to the state.


Premise: How can a wrestler willingly submit?

Hypothesis: A wrestler may voluntarily submit by verbally informing the referee (usually used in moves such as the Mexican Surfboard, where all four limbs are incapacitated, making tapping impossible).


Premise: What was Plymouth's original name?

Hypothesis: This settlement continued as a trading post for the Roman Empire, until it was surpassed by the more prosperous village of Sutton, now called Plymouth.


Premise: In which area are summer temperatures not high enough to release meltwater from glaciers?

Hypothesis: Within high altitude and Antarctic environments, the seasonal temperature difference is often not sufficient to release meltwater.


Premise: What university did Eisenhower attend?

Hypothesis: His later decision to attend West Point saddened his mother, who felt that warfare was "rather wicked," but she did not overrule him.


Premise: Do all ducks fly south for the winter?

Hypothesis: Ducks are medium-sized aquatic birds with broad bills, eyes on the side of the head, fairly long necks, short legs set far back on the body, and webbed feet.


Premise: When was the main entrance constructed?

Hypothesis: In the 15th century the dome was added and the naves extended back of the choir, uniting the building to the tower and forming a main entrance.


Premise: What was Virgil Griffith focused on?

Hypothesis: Griffith was motivated by the edits from the United States Congress, and wanted to see if others were similarly promoting themselves.


Premise: Who was the first communist country to open its borders to all foreign visitors?

Hypothesis: On 1 January 1967, Yugoslavia was the first communist country to open its borders to all foreign visitors and abolish visa requirements.


Premise: What are the scriptures on vinaya called?

Hypothesis: Vinaya is the specific moral code for monks and nuns.


Premise: What are proteins that druing replication and transcription of DNA, recognize base DNA?

Hypothesis: Zinc fingers form parts of some transcription factors, which are proteins that recognize DNA base sequences during the replication and transcription of DNA.


Premise: In what year did over a hundred intrusions made into the Rome Laboraroty?

Hypothesis: The intruders were able to obtain classified files, such as air tasking order systems data and furthermore able to penetrate connected networks of National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Goddard Space Flight Center, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, some Defense contractors, and other private sector organizations, by posing as a trusted Rome center user.


Premise: What war most curtailed the spread of universities in the 17th century?

Hypothesis: The propagation of universities was not necessarily a steady progression, as the 17th century was rife with events that adversely affected university expansion.


Premise: What is different about 20th Street between Avenue C and First Avenue?

Hypothesis: 20th Street is very wide from the Avenue C to First Avenue.


Premise: Where was the FA cup held while this stadium was built?

Hypothesis: Prior to rebuilding, the final was hosted by the original Wembley Stadium since it opened in 1923 (being originally named the Empire Stadium).


Premise: What class of PCBs are even more susceptible to static than standard ones?

Hypothesis: This is especially true on non-traditional PCBs such as MCMs and microwave PCBs.


Premise: Scandinavians (Varangians) and Finnic peoples were involved in the early formation of what state?

Hypothesis: Scandinavians (Varangians) and Finnic peoples were involved in the early formation of the Rus' state but were completely Slavicized after a century.


Premise: The Cryptologic Spectrum also notes whose impressions of Tito's Russian origins?

Hypothesis: In 2013 a lot of media coverage was given to unclassified NSA's study in Cryptologic Spectrum that concluded that Tito did not speak the language as a native, and had features of other Slavic languages (Russian and Polish).


Premise: How many times was the torch put out in France die to security concerns?

Hypothesis: French judoka and torchbearer David Douillet expressed his annoyance at the Chinese flame attendants who extinguished the torch which he was about to hand over to Teddy Riner: "I understand they're afraid of everything, but this is just annoying.


Premise: When was Universal Studios created?

Hypothesis: Universal Studios Inc. (also known as Universal Pictures) is an American film studio, owned by Comcast through its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal, and is one of Hollywood's "Big Six" film studios.


Premise: Who collaborated with Beyoncé on the single, Deja Vu?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day was released on September 5, 2006, in the US, to coincide with her twenty-fifth birthday.


Premise: How many communes of the outer suburbs are included in the metropole?

Hypothesis: It includes the City of Paris, plus the communes, or towns of the three departments of the inner suburbs; Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne; plus seven communes in the outer suburbs, including Argenteuil in Val d'Oise and Paray-Vieille-Poste in Essonne, which were added to include the major airports of Paris.


Premise: In what year was The Spectator published?

Hypothesis: Together, Steele and Addison published The Spectator (1711), a daily publication which aimed, through fictional narrator Mr. Spectator, both to entertain and to provoke discussion regarding serious philosophical matters.


Premise: Aside from human beings, what creature's needs were traditionally seen to at inns?

Hypothesis: Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they provided not only food and lodging, but also stabling and fodder for the traveller's horse(s) and on some roads fresh horses for the mail coach.


Premise: What Sexually transmitted disease afflicts roughly 1.9 percent of the population?

Hypothesis: An estimated 1.9 percent of the adult and children population was afflicted with HIV/AIDS that year, among the lowest rates in Sub-Saharan Africa.


Premise: Name three painters?

Hypothesis: The painting of the early years of the dynasty included such painters as the orthodox Four Wangs and the individualists Bada Shanren (1626–1705) and Shitao (1641–1707).


Premise: In what city was the 3rd Army based in June of 1941?

Hypothesis: Although his administrative abilities had been noticed, on the eve of the U.S. entry into World War II he had never held an active command above a battalion and was far from being considered by many as a potential commander of major operations.


Premise: How many qualifiers did England have for the Champions League in 2005?

Hypothesis: An exception to the usual European qualification system happened in 2005, after Liverpool won the Champions League the year before, but did not finish in a Champions League qualification place in the Premier League that season.


Premise: What crowdfunding platform was used in the concert?

Hypothesis: With help of the crowdfunding platform Catapult, visitors of the concert could choose between several projects promoting education of women and girls.


Premise: What social gaming service was integrated into the PlayStation 3?

Hypothesis: In September 2009, the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released, being lighter and thinner than the original version, which notably featured a redesigned logo and marketing design, as well as a minor start-up change in software.


Premise: The Standard Elocutionist was printed how many times?

Hypothesis: The Standard Elocutionist appeared in 168 British editions and sold over a quarter of a million copies in the United States alone.


Premise: When was the Third Dynasty of Ur?

Hypothesis: (Sumerian Renaissance) approximately 2100-2000 BC, but the Akkadian language also remained in use.


Premise: At what New Haven establishment did "apizza" make it's inaugural appearance in 1925?

Hypothesis: New Haven's greatest culinary claim to fame may be its pizza, which has been claimed to be among the best in the country, or even in the world.


Premise: What percentage of the defence estate makes up training areas and ranges?

Hypothesis: The defence estate is divided as training areas & ranges (84.0%), research & development (5.4%), airfields (3.4%), barracks & camps (2.5%), storage & supply depots (1.6%), and other (3.0%).


Premise: What other newspaper was accused of bias?

Hypothesis: Some Western media have reported on Chinese accusations of Western media bias.


Premise: What is a Congressional means of removing presidential appointees?

Hypothesis: the president becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, Militia of several states when called into service, has power to make treaties and appointments to office "with the Advice and Consent of the Senate," receive Ambassadors and Public Ministers, and "take care that the laws be faithfully executed"


Premise: What is Atlantic City known for?

Hypothesis: Atlantic City is considered as the "Gambling Capital of the East Coast," and currently has eight large casinos and several smaller ones.


Premise: What is the title of Airbourne's debut lp?

Hypothesis: Wolfmother's self-titled 2005 debut album combined elements of the sounds of Deep Purple and Led Zeppelin.


Premise: What is the most common type of repetitive DNA in mammals?

Hypothesis: Tandem repeats are usually caused by slippage during replication, unequal crossing-over and gene conversion, satellite DNA and microsatellites are forms of tandem repeats in the genome.


Premise: What county is Tuscon located in?

Hypothesis: In 2006 the population of Pima County, in which Tucson is located, passed one million while the City of Tucson's population was 535,000.


Premise: What country is on the north border of Guinea-Bissau?

Hypothesis: It lies mostly between latitudes 11° and 13°N (a small area is south of 11°), and longitudes 13° and 17°W.


Premise: What percentage of BYU students are from Utah?

Hypothesis: Brigham Young University (often referred to as BYU or, colloquially, The Y) is a private research university located in Provo, Utah, United States.


Premise: Which city has a lower than usual drinking age?

Hypothesis: A desire to be closer to the urban scene has also attracted some young professionals to reside in inner ring suburbs such as Grosse Pointe and Royal Oak, Detroit.


Premise: How did Kerry want to create jobs?

Hypothesis: Kerry himself asserts that Nixon sent operatives to Lowell to help derail his campaign.


Premise: Why does water increase lamp darkening?

Hypothesis: A very small amount of water vapor inside a light bulb can significantly affect lamp darkening.


Premise: Who would make the changes within the district to attract new businesses and attractions?

Hypothesis: The CRDA would oversee all functions of the district and will make changes to attract new businesses and attractions.


Premise: Where did Islamic influence in Tibet come from?

Hypothesis: Islamic influence in Tibet also came from Persia.


Premise: What did Güshi Khan present as a gift to the Dalai Lama?

Hypothesis: Soon after the victory in Ü-Tsang, Güshi Khan organized a welcoming ceremony for Lozang Gyatso once he arrived a day's ride from Shigatse, presenting his conquest of Tibet as a gift to the Dalai Lama.


Premise: What events did Bermuda compete in at the 2004 Summer Olympics?

Hypothesis: At the 2004 Summer Olympics, Bermuda competed in sailing, athletics, swimming, diving, triathlon and equestrian events.


Premise: From how long ago do tools date in India?

Hypothesis: Tools crafted by proto-humans that have been dated back two million years have been discovered in the northwestern part of the subcontinent.


Premise: Which famous quartet calls Cork it's home?

Hypothesis: Cork's underground scene is supported by Plugd Records.[citation needed]


Premise: When did Cassander die?

Hypothesis: He once again laid siege to Athens after they turned on him, but then struck a treaty with the Athenians and Ptolemy, which allowed him to cross over to Asia minor and wage war on Lysimachus' holdings in Ionia, leaving his son Antigonus Gonatas in Greece.


Premise: The version of Twilight Princess fo which console won three IGN awards?

Hypothesis: Twilight Princess received the awards for Best Artistic Design, Best Original Score, and Best Use of Sound from IGN for its GameCube version.


Premise: Which side did the Ottoman Empire join in World War 1?

Hypothesis: Following the outbreak of the First World War and the decision of the Ottoman Empire to join the war on the side of the Central Powers, on 5 November 1914 the British Empire formally annexed Cyprus and declared the Ottoman Khedivate of Egypt and Sudan a Sultanate and British protectorate.


Premise: How many total digital songs has Kanye West sold in the US?

Hypothesis: He has sold over 30 million digital songs in the United States making him one of the best-selling digital artists of all-time.


Premise: Who is in charge of the day to day operation of the CIA?

Hypothesis: The Executive Office also supports the U.S. military by providing it with information it gathers, receiving information from military intelligence organizations, and cooperating on field activities.


Premise: Where was Time Magazine started?

Hypothesis: Time Magazine was started at 141 East 17th Street.


Premise: A unified German Empire ended the balance of power in which congress?

Hypothesis: Germany had established itself as the main power in continental Europe with the most powerful and professional army in the world.[citation needed]


Premise: What was the language base of the Kushans?

Hypothesis: The Kushan Empire expanded out of what is now Afghanistan into the northwest of the subcontinent under the leadership of their first emperor, Kujula Kadphises, about the middle of the 1st century CE.


Premise: How many viewers on average watched the Premier League 2014-15 season in the US?

Hypothesis: NBC Sports reached a six-year extension with the Premier League in 2015 to broadcast the league through the 2021–22 season in a deal valued at $1 billion (£640 million).


Premise: Along with the Middle East and North America, to what continent did the Somali diaspora go in the 1990s?

Hypothesis: Statistics Canada's 2006 census ranks people of Somali descent as the 69th largest ethnic group in Canada.


Premise: Under which religion do charges of heresy still occur in modern times?

Hypothesis: Although less common than in earlier periods, in modern times, formal charges of heresy within Christian churches still occur.


Premise: When was John von Neumann's book, The Computer and the Brain published?

Hypothesis: The invention of electronic computers in the 1940s, along with the development of mathematical information theory, led to a realization that brains can potentially be understood as information processing systems.


Premise: Which music chart said in 2013 it would start taking youtube data into account for its ratings?

Hypothesis: While YouTube's revenue-sharing "Partner Program" made it possible to earn a substantial living as a video producer—its top five hundred partners each earning more than $100,000 annually and its ten highest-earning channels grossing from $2.5 million to $12 million—in 2012 CMU business editor characterized YouTube as "a free-to-use... promotional platform for the music labels".


Premise: In what year is it typically reported that the word insect was first documented in English?

Hypothesis: Pliny the Elder introduced the Latin designation as a loan-translation of the Greek word ἔντομος (éntomos) or "insect" (as in entomology), which was Aristotle's term for this class of life, also in reference to their "notched" bodies.


Premise: What was one of the very first albums released?

Hypothesis: However, Deutsche Grammophon had produced an album for its complete recording of the opera Carmen in the previous year.


Premise: Another assumption was that the target would maintain a steady course along with what other two factors?

Hypothesis: Automated fire ensured a constant rate of fire that made it easier to predict where each shell should be individually aimed.


Premise: Why does the United Nations Charter state that treaties must be registered with the United Nations?

Hypothesis: The United Nations Charter states that treaties must be registered with the UN to be invoked before it or enforced in its judiciary organ, the International Court of Justice.


Premise: From what variety of pigeon does the squab decen?

Hypothesis: Like other domesticated pigeons, birds used for this purpose are descended from the rock pigeon (Columba livia).


Premise: In what year did Elizabeth I ban religious plays?

Hypothesis: Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s.


Premise: The Langone Medical Center is part of what college?

Hypothesis: For example, in New York State, there are several universities that offer the AAI courses immunology: Albany Medical College, Cornell University, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York University Langone Medical Center, University at Albany (SUNY), University at Buffalo (SUNY), University of Rochester Medical Center and Upstate Medical University (SUNY).


Premise: The Ottoman Empire caused navigators from which two nations to find another route to the Orient?

Hypothesis: The Ottoman Empire stood between the West and the East, thus blocking the land route eastward and forcing Spanish and Portuguese navigators to set sail in search of a new route to the Orient.


Premise: What is Napoleon's legal achievement, still reaching a quarter of the world's legal systems?

Hypothesis: He won most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles, building a large empire that ruled over continental Europe before its final collapse in 1815.


Premise: Of how many ships does the merchant marine fleet consist?

Hypothesis: The merchant marine fleet consists of two passenger/cargo ships Nivaga III and Manu Folau.


Premise: Which school is located on Cabrini Boulevard?

Hypothesis: The local public elementary school P.S. 187 is located on Cabrini Boulevard, just north of the eponymous 187th Street


Premise: What chemical element is often present in the bath used to sensitive exposed film after it's been imaged?

Hypothesis: The exposed areas are sensitized in a chemical bath, usually containing palladium and similar to that used for through hole plating which makes the exposed area capable of bonding metal ions.


Premise: What did Burke say 'envenoms everything it touches'?

Hypothesis: There is something in the detested French constitution that envenoms every thing it touches".


Premise: What was the new kind of human invented by Gautama?

Hypothesis: While he searched for enlightenment, Gautama combined the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with what later became known as "the immeasurables".[dubious – discuss]


Premise: What is the name of the newspaper that was banished from Burma?

Hypothesis: However, as explained by one editorial in the exiled press


Premise: The Episcopal seat of the Bishop is now where

Hypothesis: The Episcopal seat of the Bishop of Bath and Wells is now in the Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew in the city of Wells, having previously been at Bath Abbey.


Premise: What is the lite price of the broadband service?

Hypothesis: ADSL-broadband service is provided with maximum speeds of up to 1536


Premise: What are some ways a dominant party can stay in power?

Hypothesis: Sometimes, typically in countries with less of an established democratic tradition, it is possible the dominant party will remain in power by using patronage and sometimes by voting fraud.


Premise: Who was annoyed at how well recieved Victoria was on her tours of the countryside of England and Wales?

Hypothesis: William compared the journeys to royal progresses and was concerned that they portrayed Victoria as his rival rather than his heiress presumptive.


Premise: When did Britain withdraw from Bahrain?

Hypothesis: In January 1968, a few weeks after the devaluation of the pound, Prime Minister Harold Wilson and his Defence Secretary Denis Healey announced that British troops would be withdrawn from major military bases East of Suez, which included the ones in the Middle East, and primarily from Malaysia and Singapore.


Premise: What is the FBI's main tool against organized crime?

Hypothesis: The FBI's chief tool against organized crime is the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act.


Premise: When did the Hongwu Emperor use military force in Tibet?

Hypothesis: However, there were instances in the 14th century when the Hongwu Emperor did use military force to quell unrest in Tibet.


Premise: When did the University of Kansas start issuing degrees in engineering?

Hypothesis: The KU School of Engineering is an ABET accredited, public engineering school located on the main campus.


Premise: Early leaders also feared a large army would allow what internal conflict to take place?

Hypothesis: Jeffersonian leaders preferred a small army and navy, fearing that a large military establishment would involve the United States in excessive foreign wars, and potentially allow a domestic tyrant to seize power.


Premise: Who operates and is able to conduct airland missions?

Hypothesis: " Aeromedical evacuation forces can operate as far forward as fixed-wing aircraft are able to conduct airland operations.


Premise: Who is the world's oldest reigning monarch?

Hypothesis: Elizabeth's many historic visits and meetings include a state visit to the Republic of Ireland and reciprocal visits to and from the Pope.


Premise: What team is Barcelona's local rival?

Hypothesis: The founding message of the club was clearly anti-Barcelona, and they disapprovingly saw FC Barcelona as a team of foreigners.


Premise: This is the first season when what did not happen to the first runner up?

Hypothesis: "All Cried Out" immediately after the show.


Premise: Who took over Eastern Armenia in the 19th century?

Hypothesis: By the 19th century, Eastern Armenia had been conquered by the Russian Empire, while most of the western parts of the traditional Armenian homeland remained under Ottoman rule.


Premise: What is mechanical potential energy?

Hypothesis: Thus, according to present understanding, familiar events such as landslides and earthquakes release energy that has been stored as potential energy in the Earth's gravitational field or elastic strain (mechanical potential energy) in rocks.


Premise: What is the Afrikaans name for Namibia?

Hypothesis: Republik Namibia (help·info); Afrikaans: Republiek van Namibië) is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean.


Premise: Beyonce's mother worked in what industry?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé's younger sister Solange is also a singer and a former member of Destiny's Child.


Premise: What people in Turkey protested for their people living in China?

Hypothesis: Several protesters who tried to disrupt the relay were promptly arrested by the police.


Premise: What was the name of the famous school during the high middle ages?

Hypothesis: The church established cathedral schools in the Early Middle Ages as centers of advanced education.


Premise: How did the Commission vote turn out

Hypothesis: In December 2013, the European Commission opened an investigation to assess whether the project breaks state-aid rules.


Premise: Who did Freddie Mercury collaborate with in 1988?

Hypothesis: After working on various solo projects during 1988 (including Mercury's collaboration with Montserrat Caballé, Barcelona), the band released The Miracle in 1989.


Premise: How many patients were diagnosed with tuberculosis in 2010?

Hypothesis: In 2010, 8.8 million new cases of TB were diagnosed, and 1.20–1.45 million deaths occurred, most of these occurring in developing countries.


Premise: Why do EU institutions and national governments have to respect the independence of the ECB?

Hypothesis: Not only must the bank not seek influence, but EU institutions and national governments are bound by the treaties to respect the ECB's independence.


Premise: Who blew the discus off course, killing Hyacinthus?

Hypothesis: The pair was practicing throwing the discus when a discus thrown by Apollo was blown off course by the jealous Zephyrus and struck Hyacinthus in the head, killing him instantly.


Premise: What do the French Swiss call Switzerland?

Hypothesis: Straddling the intersection of Germanic and Romance Europe, Switzerland comprises four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh.


Premise: Where did this earthquake occur?

Hypothesis: (The Ms 6.1 earthquake on August 30, 2008 in southern Sichuan was not part of this series because it was caused by a different fault.


Premise: In what year were free persons first listed individually in the US census?

Hypothesis: The 1850 census saw a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected.


Premise: When is Carnival celebrated?

Hypothesis: Hay is normally brought in twice a year, often also on festival days.


Premise: Where is the Royal Institute of British Architects located?

Hypothesis: After the grant of the royal charter it had become known as the Royal Institute of British Architects in London, eventually dropping the reference to London in 1892.


Premise: During what year did Caesar's armies cross the river Rubicon?

Hypothesis: By the spring of 49 BC, the hardened legions of Caesar crossed the river Rubicon, the legal boundary of Roman Italy beyond which no commander might bring his army, and swept down the Italian peninsula towards Rome, while Pompey ordered the abandonment of Rome.


Premise: John treated Hugh with what?

Hypothesis: Unfortunately, Isabella was already engaged to Hugh of Lusignan, an important member of a key Poitou noble family and brother of Count Raoul of Eu, who possessed lands along the sensitive eastern Normandy border.


Premise: How many acres of parks does Houston have?

Hypothesis: The city also has over 200 additional green spaces—totaling over 19,600 acres (79 km2) that are managed by the city—including the Houston Arboretum and Nature Center.


Premise: When was New York City established?

Hypothesis: New York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626.


Premise: Who were spiritual intermediates?

Hypothesis: It was only through these intermediaries that the general masses had access to the divine.


Premise: What shape does usually cocci type of bacteria can be?

Hypothesis: This wide variety of shapes is determined by the bacterial cell wall and cytoskeleton, and is important because it can influence the ability of bacteria to acquire nutrients, attach to surfaces, swim through liquids and escape predators.


Premise: What played a major role in the decline of the Rus?

Hypothesis: The decline of Constantinople – a main trading partner of Kievan Rus' – played a significant role in the decline of the Kievan Rus'.


Premise: In addition to the Mayflower Theatre, what's Southampton's other big venue for live music?

Hypothesis: The Guildhall has seen concerts from a wide range of popular artists including Pink Floyd, David Bowie, Delirious?,


Premise: Who was nominated to the presidency of the Officer's Club?

Hypothesis: Sirri Amer was close to King Farouk, and was nominated for the presidency of the Officer's Club—


Premise: What is the name of Saint Denis burial place?

Hypothesis: According to tradition, it was brought by Saint Denis, the first Bishop of Paris.


Premise: Who are the famous Venezuelen mandolinist?

Hypothesis: In the western city of Maracaibo the Mandolin has been played in Decimas, Danzas and Contradanzas Zulianas; in the capital, Caracas, the Merengue Rucaneao, Pasodobles and Waltzes have also been played with mandolin for almost a century.


Premise: In what year was Henri IV assassinated?

Hypothesis: The city had been neglected for decades; by the time of his assassination in 1610, Henry IV had rebuilt the Pont Neuf, the first Paris bridge with sidewalks and not lined with buildings, linked with a new wing the Louvre to the Tuileries Palace, and created the first Paris residential square, the Place Royale, now Place des Vosges.


Premise: In what language did Anjiro speak to Xavier?

Hypothesis: Anjiro was not an intellectual, but he impressed Xavier because he took careful notes of everything he said in church.


Premise: Why did General MacArthur suggest an amphibious landing at Inchon?

Hypothesis: On 6 July, he ordered Major General Hobart R. Gay, Commander, 1st Cavalry Division, to plan the division's amphibious landing at Incheon; on 12–14 July, the 1st Cavalry Division embarked from Yokohama, Japan to reinforce the 24th Infantry Division inside the Pusan Perimeter.


Premise: A possible rebuttal to Gray's argument appears in Popper's reply to which philosopher?

Hypothesis: Indeed, Popper wrote, several decades before Gray's criticism, in reply to a critical essay by Imre Lakatos:


Premise: What is the majority religion of Somalis?

Hypothesis: The overwhelming majority of Somalis speak the Somali language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family.


Premise: How much was the first television rights contract awarded to Sky worth?

Hypothesis: The first Sky television rights agreement was worth £304 million over five seasons.


Premise: Is there an official language of the United States?

Hypothesis: By 2015, there was a trend that most Americans and American residents who are of Hispanic descent speak only English in the home.


Premise: From what country did Erichtho come?

Hypothesis: Erichtho, it is said, can arrest "the rotation of the heavens and the flow of rivers" and make "austere old men blaze with illicit passions".


Premise: What is the name of one Dominican Order institution of learning?

Hypothesis: The faculty of theology at the University of Fribourg, confided to the care of the Dominicans in 1890, is flourishing, and has about 250 students.


Premise: What did Alonso de Salazar call the island that he saw?

Hypothesis: On August 21, he sighted an island (probably Taongi) at 14°N that he named "San Bartolome".


Premise: What did the U.S. Veterans Administration build around 1910?

Hypothesis: At about this time, the U.S. Veterans Administration had begun construction on the present Veterans Hospital.


Premise: When does promotion from major to lieutenant colonel in the USAF typically occur?

Hypothesis: Promotion from major to lieutenant colonel is similar and occurs approximately between the thirteen year (for officers who were promoted to major early "below the zone") and the fifteen year mark, where a certain percentage of majors will be selected below zone (i.e., "early"), in zone (i.e., "on time") or above zone (i.e., "late") for promotion to lieutenant colonel.


Premise: What did the Federal Aviation Agency change it's name to?

Hypothesis: The Federal Aviation Agency's name changed to the Federal Aviation Administration as it became one of several agencies (e.g., Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, the Coast Guard, and the Saint Lawrence Seaway Commission) within DOT (albeit the largest).


Premise: In which year was the Arms and Ammunitions (Amemndment) Bill adopted?

Hypothesis: In November 2011, the assembly adopted an Arms and Ammunitions (Amendment) Bill, which reduced the possible criminal sentences for the illicit possession of firearms.


Premise: Where is H & J Smith's flagship store?

Hypothesis: The iconic department stores of New Zealand's three major centres are Smith & Caughey's (founded 1880), in New Zealand's most populous city, Auckland; Kirkcaldie & Stains (founded 1863) in the capital, Wellington; and Ballantynes (founded 1854) in New Zealand's second biggest city, Christchurch.


Premise: What killed 10 million people in India?

Hypothesis: The Third Plague Pandemic in the mid-19th century killed 10 million people in India.


Premise: Despite the Concordat, the balance of the relationship between the church and state had swung in whose favor?

Hypothesis: Now, Napoleon could win favor with the Catholics while also controlling Rome in a political sense.


Premise: An insects 3-part body includes a throat, abdomen, and what?

Hypothesis: Insects may be found in nearly all environments, although only a small number of species reside in the oceans, a habitat dominated by another arthropod group, crustaceans.


Premise: What Catholic devotion would Martin Luther write about after the 95 theses/

Hypothesis: On 31 October 1517, Martin Luther supposedly nailed his 95 theses against the selling of indulgences at the door of the All Saints', the Castle Church in Wittenberg.


Premise: What are indigenous peoples entitled to request?

Hypothesis: The law includes all indigenous languages of the Americas regardless of origin; that is, it includes the indigenous languages of ethnic groups non-native to the territory.


Premise: How many guns or missile launchers are typically in a battery?

Hypothesis: These batteries, particularly with guns, usually deploy in a small area, although batteries may be split; this is usual for some missile systems.


Premise: What types of stakeholders consulted on the bill to enact the National Communications Act?

Hypothesis: The bill was passed following consultations between government representatives and communications, academic and civil society stakeholders.


Premise: Which document is an important confessional document second only to the Bible?

Hypothesis: Presbyterians distinguish themselves from other denominations by doctrine, institutional organization (or "church order") and worship; often using a "Book of Order" to regulate common practice and order.


Premise: What is a way to reduce the high temperatures created in urban heat islands?

Hypothesis: A straightforward method of counteracting the UHI effect is to paint buildings and roads white and plant trees.


Premise: When was ZE Records founded?

Hypothesis: The former four groups were included on the Eno-produced No New York compilation, often considered the quintessential testament to the scene.


Premise: After the first round of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, how many teams remained in contention?

Hypothesis: In 1950, four teams remained after the first round, in 1958 eight teams remained and in 2014 sixteen teams remained.


Premise: Within the past 30 years, how has the number of diabetes cases changed?

Hypothesis: In the same time span that obesity doubled, diabetes numbers quadrupled in America.


Premise: Where did Egyptian plan to get funds to use for reconstruction of infrastructure?

Hypothesis: The government promised major reconstruction of the country's infrastructure, using money paid for the newly acquired third mobile license ($3 billion) by Etisalat in 2006.


Premise: What is the name of the High School in the area of Southeast Tuscon?

Hypothesis: The suburban community of Rita Ranch houses many of the military families from Davis-Monthan, and is near the southeastern-most expansion of the current city limits.


Premise: What percentage of Chinese Filipino are reportedly native Hokkien speakers?

Hypothesis: Hokkien is reportedly the native language of up to 98.5% of the Chinese Filipino in the Philippines, among which is known locally as Lan-nang or Lán-lâng-oē ("Our people’s language").


Premise: identify a major Prussian loss to the Austrians.

Hypothesis: The Russian army was heavily dependent upon its main magazines in Poland, and the Prussian army launched several successful raids against them.


Premise: What Scottish estate is privately owned by Elizabeth?

Hypothesis: Sandringham House and Balmoral Castle are privately owned by the Queen.


Premise: where was a new type of club called Cream located?

Hypothesis: A new generation of clubs such as Liverpool's Cream and the Ministry of Sound were opened to provide a venue for more commercial sounds.


Premise: During what time of year is the Umhlanga Reed Dance?

Hypothesis: It is done in late August or early September.


Premise: What magazine stated that Nintendo could be errant in their anticipated product success?

Hypothesis: The American video game press was skeptical that the console could have any success in the region, with the March 1985 issue of Electronic Games magazine stating that "the videogame market in America has virtually disappeared" and that "this could be a miscalculation on Nintendo's part."


Premise: How many data transfer ports are included in most current Macs?

Hypothesis: Current Macs include two standard data transfer ports: USB and Thunderbolt (except for the MacBook (2015 version), which only has a USB-C port and headphone port).


Premise: Which countries speak other Slavic languages?

Hypothesis: However, younger generations are usually not fluent in it, because Russian is no longer mandatory in the school system.


Premise: Who called themselves "Czechoslavs"?

Hypothesis: Since then, "Czechoslovak" refers to improvised pidgins of the languages which have arisen from the decrease in mutual intelligibility.


Premise: Where was the Ptolemaic Kingdom located?

Hypothesis: The Hellenistic period was characterized by a new wave of Greek colonization (as distinguished from that occurring in the 8th–6th centuries BC) which established Greek cities and kingdoms in Asia and Africa.


Premise: What island do the Marshall Islands claim?

Hypothesis: While Wake has been administered by the United States since 1899, the Marshallese government refers to it by the name Enen-kio.


Premise: When did  Deshin Shekpa  die?

Hypothesis: Until then, the court was unaware that Deshin Shekpa had died in 1415.


Premise: What was the cost of Eisenhower's casket?

Hypothesis: The family used an $80 standard soldier's casket, and dressed Eisenhower's body in his famous short green jacket.


Premise: How long has it taken for the Alps to form?

Hypothesis: The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided.


Premise: What was a key change brought about by Christian thought?

Hypothesis: A key change brought about by Christian thought was the moderatation of the Stoicism and theory of justice of the Roman world, as well emphasis on the role of the state in applying mercy as a moral example.


Premise: Why did the population of pigs and rabbits explode in New Zealand?

Hypothesis: Deer, pigs, goats, rabbits, hare, tahr and chamois all adapted well to the New Zealand terrain, and with no natural predators, their population exploded.


Premise: How could police help the owner when a restaurant guest doesn't pay because their wallet got stolen?

Hypothesis: This would, for example, allow police to establish a restaurant guest's identity and forward it to the innkeeper in a case where the guest cannot pay the bill at nighttime because his wallet had just been stolen from the restaurant table.


Premise: What is the spot where the grid takes hold called?

Hypothesis: Peretz Square, a small triangular sliver park where Houston Street, First Street and First Avenue meet marks the spot where the grid takes hold.


Premise: What year saw the publication of Eisenhower's memoirs?

Hypothesis: Simultaneously he condemned the brutal Soviet invasion of Hungary in response to the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.


Premise: What did Albert play partnered with a black man?

Hypothesis: His journey by sea to Australia, New Zealand and Fiji took him via Jamaica, where Albert played doubles tennis partnered with a black man, which was unusual at the time and taken locally as a display of equality between races.


Premise: In what year was the Order of St. George founded?

Hypothesis: The spirit of chivalry was given expression through the new (secular) type of chivalric orders; the first of these was the Order of St. George, founded by Charles I of Hungary in 1325, while the best known was probably the English Order of the Garter, founded by Edward III in 1348.


Premise: Which country was conquered by the Ottomans in 1479?

Hypothesis: Northern remnants of Bulgaria were finally conquered by 1396, Serbia fell in 1459, Bosnia in 1463, and Albania was finally subordinated in 1479 only a few years after the death of Skanderbeg.


Premise: What was the population change from 2000 and 2010?

Hypothesis: Over the 10 years between 2000 and 2010, the population changed at a rate of 0.6%.


Premise: Which literary work used the fictional narrator Mr. Spectator to entertain and provoke discussion regarding serious philosophical matters?

Hypothesis: Coffeeshops became homes away from home for many who sought, for the first time, to engage in discourse with their neighbors and discuss intriguing and thought-provoking matters, especially those regarding philosophy to politics.


Premise: What group disliked the traditional war-like sports of Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: Traditional sports in the late 19th century were foot racing, lance throwing, quarterstaff fencing and wrestling, although the Christian missionaries disapproved of these activities.


Premise: Who along with the King Edgar established the monks at the Abbey?

Hypothesis: The first reports of the abbey are based on a late tradition claiming that a young fisherman called Aldrich on the River Thames saw a vision of Saint Peter near the site.


Premise: By when were long play records discontinued?

Hypothesis: Because of financial hardships that plagued the recording industry during that period (and RCA's own parched revenues), Victor's long-playing records were discontinued by early 1933.


Premise: What are functional copies of a gene which have a loss of function due to mutation called?

Hypothesis: Sets of genes formed in this way comprise a gene family.


Premise: What is the official dress code today at Buckingham Palace?

Hypothesis: After World War I, when Queen Mary wished to follow fashion by raising her skirts a few inches from the ground, she requested a lady-in-waiting to shorten her own skirt first to gauge the king's reaction.


Premise: When did the RIR begin to host the Capital City 400?

Hypothesis: The Richmond International Raceway (RIR) has hosted NASCAR Sprint Cup races since 1953, as well as the Capital City 400 from 1962 − 1980.


Premise: What title did Albert give Edward?

Hypothesis: He had been introduced as "His Royal Highness Prince Edward" for the abdication broadcast, but George VI felt that by abdicating and renouncing the succession Edward had lost the right to bear royal titles, including "Royal Highness".


Premise: What church was erected in Jamestown in 1774?

Hypothesis: Captain James Cook visited the island in 1775 on the final leg of his second circumnavigation of the world.


Premise: What percentage of Hyderabad city was covered by roads in 2012?

Hypothesis: The large number of vehicles coupled with relatively low road coverage—roads occupy only 9.5% of the total city area:79—has led to widespread traffic congestion especially since 80% of passengers and 60% of freight are transported by road.:3 The Inner Ring Road, the Outer Ring Road, the Hyderabad Elevated Expressway, the longest flyover in India, and various interchanges, overpasses and underpasses were built to ease the congestion.


Premise: The ability to appeal a case provided by Sweden's court system is called what?

Hypothesis: In most cases, the Supreme Courts will only grant leave to appeal a case (prövningstillstånd) if the case involves setting a precedent in the interpretation of the law.


Premise: What organization runs the largest line of ferries in the US?

Hypothesis: Washington State Ferries, which manages the largest network of ferries in the United States and third largest in the world, connects Seattle to Bainbridge and Vashon Islands in Puget Sound and to Bremerton and Southworth on the Kitsap Peninsula.


Premise: What was Humphrey Gilbert's second destination?

Hypothesis: In 1583 he embarked on a second attempt, on this occasion to the island of Newfoundland whose harbour he formally claimed for England, although no settlers were left behind.


Premise: What cemetery in New Haven is situated next to the campus of Yale University and has been designated a National Historic Landmark?

Hypothesis: The Union League Club of New Haven building, located on Chapel Street, is notable for not only being a historic Beaux-Arts building, but also is built on the site where Roger Sherman's home once stood; George Washington is known to have stayed at the Sherman residence while President in 1789 (one of three times Washington visited New Haven throughout his lifetime).


Premise: About what percentage of Kathmandu's annual rainfall falls during the monsoon months?

Hypothesis: For example, 2003 was the wettest year ever in Kathmandu, totalling over 2,900 mm (114 in) of precipitation due to an exceptionally strong monsoon season.


Premise: What does Zugunruhe mean in English?

Hypothesis: The occurrence of Zugunruhe even in cage-raised birds with no environmental cues (e.g. shortening of day and falling temperature) has pointed to the role of circannual endogenous programs in controlling bird migrations.


Premise: Who did The Saints beat in 1976 to win the FA Cup?

Hypothesis: They lifted the FA Cup with a shock victory over Manchester United in 1976, returned to the top flight two years later, and stayed there for 27 years (becoming founder members of the Premier League in 1992) before they were relegated in 2005.


Premise: What lands did the White Huns take in the 5th century?

Hypothesis: Led by the Hun military leader Toramana, they overran the northern region of Pakistan and North India.


Premise: In what year did Everton lose the FA cup final to West Bromwich Albion?

Hypothesis: In 1962–63, his second season in charge, Everton won the League title and in 1966 the FA Cup followed with a 3–2 win over Sheffield Wednesday.


Premise: What type of etching might you see on a direction indicator?

Hypothesis: Direction indicators are sometimes etched with arrows or shaped like arrows and/or use the convention


Premise: According to Plato, who was above the law?

Hypothesis: Plato nevertheless hoped that the best men would be good at respecting established laws, explaining that "Where the law is subject to some other authority and has none of its own, the collapse of the state, in my view, is not far off; but if law is the master of the government and the government is its slave, then the situation is full of promise and men enjoy all the blessings that the gods shower on a state."


Premise: What argument do those opposing statehood use?

Hypothesis: However, more than one in four voters abstained from answering the question on the preferred alternative status.


Premise: What is the the Information Management Group responsible for?

Hypothesis: Among other things, the Information Management Group is responsible for the conduct of electronic warfare and the protection of the Armed Forces' communications and computer networks.


Premise: What was Makdisi accused of doing when evaluating the parallels between European and Islamic schools?

Hypothesis: Norman Daniel points out that the Arab equivalent of the Latin disputation, the taliqa, was reserved for the ruler's court, not the madrasa, and that the actual differences between Islamic fiqh and medieval European civil law were profound.


Premise: what model of university structure was being used throughout the world at the finish of the 19th century?

Hypothesis: Universities concentrated on science in the 19th and 20th centuries and became increasingly accessible to the masses.


Premise: What was Liu's family told?

Hypothesis: Liu’s family was later told that he was being investigated on suspicion of the crime of inciting subversion.


Premise: In what year was Hyderabad established?

Hypothesis: The city continued as the capital of Hyderabad State after it was brought into the Indian Union in 1948, and became the capital of Andhra Pradesh after the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.


Premise: How many containers can Longtan Containers Port Area handle?

Hypothesis: As of 2010, it operated six public ports and three industrial ports.


Premise: What do brewing companies sometimes use to give more alcohol content to their beer?

Hypothesis: In September 2011, the Scottish brewery BrewDog produced Ghost Deer, which, at 28%, they claim to be the world's strongest beer produced by fermentation alone.


Premise: How many Armenians were slaughtered between 1894-1896

Hypothesis: While Western Armenia still remained under Ottoman rule, the Armenians were granted considerable autonomy within their own enclaves and lived in relative harmony with other groups in the empire (including the ruling Turks).


Premise: During what time did London have the world's largest population, city-wise?

Hypothesis: London's urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants according to the 2011 census.


Premise: What groups is named after the trait of growth by moulting or ecdysis?

Hypothesis: Roundworms are typically microscopic, and occur in nearly every environment where there is water.


Premise: What artist performed the theme song for Skyfall?

Hypothesis: The English band Radiohead also composed a song for the film, which went unused.


Premise: In what century did Leibniz propose the idea of Latin: vis viva?

Hypothesis: In the late 17th century, Gottfried Leibniz proposed the idea of the Latin: vis viva, or living force, which defined as the product of the mass of an object and its velocity squared; he believed that total vis viva was conserved.


Premise: What happened at Minden in 1757?

Hypothesis: Though the Hanoverians defeated an army of 60,000 French at Minden, Austrian general Daun forced the surrender of an entire Prussian corps of 13,000 in the Battle of Maxen.


Premise: How long was Nanjing the capital of the Southern dynasties?

Hypothesis: During this time, Nanjing was the international hub of East Asia.


Premise: Who occasionally discusses a Scottish team joining the Premier League?

Hypothesis: Participation in the Premier League by some Scottish or Irish clubs has sometimes been discussed, but without result.


Premise: What was the name of the book Feynman wrote over light and matter?

Hypothesis: Many of his lectures and miscellaneous talks were turned into other books, including The Character of Physical Law, QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter, Statistical Mechanics, Lectures on Gravitation, and the Feynman Lectures on Computation.


Premise: What's the name of the wall tower that was the first of its kind in England built for artillery purposes?

Hypothesis: The city walls include God's House Tower, built in 1417, the first purpose-built artillery fortification in England.


Premise: With what network is WUPV 65 affiliated?

Hypothesis: The major network television affiliates are WTVR-TV 6 (CBS), WRIC-TV 8 (ABC), WWBT 12 (NBC), WRLH-TV 35 (Fox), and WUPV 65 (CW).


Premise: What did TWX use before ASCII?

Hypothesis: TWX originally used the earlier five-bit ITA2, which was also used by the competing Telex teleprinter system.


Premise: Why are some parts of the body covered?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, the distinction between clothing and protective equipment is not always clear-cut—since clothes designed to be fashionable often have protective value and clothes designed for function often consider fashion in their design.


Premise: What type of bacteria can cause infectious diseases?

Hypothesis: The most common fatal bacterial diseases are respiratory infections, with tuberculosis alone killing about 2 million people per year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa.