Premise: What was the focus of English Dominican mysticism?

Hypothesis: English Dominican mysticism in the late medieval period differed from European strands of it in that, whereas European Dominican mysticism tended to concentrate on ecstatic experiences of union with the divine, English Dominican mysticism's ultimate focus was on a crucial dynamic in one's personal relationship with God.


Premise: What European nation owned the Marshall Islands in 1874?

Hypothesis: In World War I the Empire of Japan occupied the Marshall Islands, which in 1919 the League of Nations combined with other former German territories to form the South Pacific Mandate.


Premise: What 12th century poet once wrote "Ale it is called among men, but among the gods, beer."?

Hypothesis: On the currency of two words for the same thing in the Germanic languages, the 12th-century Old Icelandic poem Alvíssmál says, "Ale it is called among men, but among the gods, beer."


Premise: How much did Zocor reduce the chance of dying from a heart attack?

Hypothesis: For his "pioneering research into a new class of molecules" for "lowering cholesterol,"[sentence fragment]


Premise: The ideas of which Cubo Futurist influenced the avant-garde in architecture?

Hypothesis: The Cubo-Futurist ideas of Filippo Tommaso Marinetti influenced attitudes in avant-garde architecture.


Premise: How did the attackers kill themselves?

Hypothesis: Seven of the attackers killed themselves and others by setting off their explosive vests.


Premise: When did China join the Galileo project?

Hypothesis: However, the Hong Kong-based South China Morning Post reported in January 2008 that China was unsatisfied with its role in the Galileo project and was to compete with Galileo in the Asian market.


Premise: How many employees worked at Dell's Texas headquarters?

Hypothesis: Dell previously had its headquarters in the Arboretum complex in northern Austin, Texas.


Premise: What is contemporary humanism optimistic about?

Hypothesis: Contemporary humanism entails a qualified optimism about the capacity of people, but it does not involve believing that human nature is purely good or that all people can live up to the Humanist ideals without help.


Premise: What organization was created to combat the 419 scams?

Hypothesis: In 2003, the Nigerian Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (or EFCC) was created, ostensibly to combat this and other forms of organised financial crime.


Premise: How many UEFA Champions League titles has Barcelona won?

Hypothesis: The club has a long-standing rivalry with Real Madrid; matches between the two teams are referred to as El Clásico.


Premise: When did the 5th Dalai Lama gain political control over Tibet?

Hypothesis: " To further cement the Mongol-Tibetan alliance, the great-grandson of Altan Khan—the 4th Dalai Lama (1589–1616)—was made the fourth Dalai Lama.


Premise: Who was the German translator that Darwin welcomed for On the Origin of Species?

Hypothesis: He welcomed the distinguished elderly naturalist and geologist Heinrich Georg Bronn, but the German translation published in 1860 imposed Bronn's own ideas, adding controversial themes that Darwin had deliberately omitted.


Premise: Where did the Carnival gestate out of the purview of rules?

Hypothesis: The Carnival continued its evolution in small/unimportant towns out of view of the rulers.


Premise: How many Protestants live in Greece?

Hypothesis: Greek citizens who are Roman Catholic are estimated to be at around 50,000 with the Roman Catholic immigrant community in the country approximately 200,000.


Premise: What has some responsibility for offering variety in what we eat?

Hypothesis: Interspecific crop diversity is, in part, responsible for offering variety in what we eat.


Premise: What are FBI special agents issued if they fail their first qualification?

Hypothesis: If they fail their first qualification, they are issued either a Glock 17 or Glock 19, to aid in their next qualification.


Premise: What monarch bestowed the first Lord Mayor on Plymouth?

Hypothesis: It is traditional that the position of the Lord Mayor alternates between the Conservative Party and the Labour Party annually and that the Lord Mayor chooses the Deputy Lord Mayor.


Premise: Which college in Newham does Eton College co-sponsor?

Hypothesis: Eton now co-sponsors a state sixth-form college in Newham, a deprived area of East London, called the London Academy of Excellence, opened in 2012, which is free of charge and aims to get all its students into higher education.


Premise: Neoptera can be divided into what kind of "based" group?

Hypothesis: Neoptera can further be divided into incomplete metamorphosis-based (Polyneoptera and Paraneoptera) and complete metamorphosis-based groups.


Premise: Where is zinc pyrithion used?

Hypothesis: Zinc chloride is often added to lumber as a fire retardant and can be used as a wood preservative.


Premise: What are the physics of quantum mechanics?

Hypothesis: For example, the uncertainty principle, according to which the determination of the position of a particle prevents the determination of its momentum and vice versa, is translated into the non-commutativity of the two corresponding operators.


Premise: What were eight diseases examined for?

Hypothesis: The report concluded that "it appears that the use of antibiotics, early diagnosis, and other factors have limited the epidemic spread and thus the number of these diseases which have occurred".


Premise: Which country's government wanted Samoa to grow bananas for them?

Hypothesis: When the value of natural rubber fell drastically, about the end of the Great War (World War I), the New Zealand government encouraged the production of bananas, for which there is a large market in New Zealand.[citation needed]


Premise: The centrality of intent broadens what definition, beyond the 1948 one?

Hypothesis: Highlighting the potential for state and non-state actors to commit genocide in the 21st century, for example, in failed states or as non-state actors acquire weapons of mass destruction, Adrian Gallagher defined genocide as 'When a source of collective power (usually a state) intentionally uses its power base to implement a process of destruction in order to destroy a group (as defined by the perpetrator), in whole or in substantial part, dependent upon relative group size'.


Premise: What did Amer do without Nasser's approval?

Hypothesis: Nasser still felt that the US would restrain Israel from attacking due to assurances that he received from the US and Soviet Union.


Premise: What award did the Tucson Festival of Books give to R. L. Stine?

Hypothesis: In 2011, the Festival began presenting a Founder's Award; recipients include Elmore Leonard and R.L. Stine.


Premise: 13th Street is divided into how many parts?

Hypothesis: 13th Street is in three parts.


Premise: What is an example of co-coperation between predators of different species?

Hypothesis: Extreme specialization of roles is evident in some hunting that requires co-operation between predators of very different species: humans with the aid of falcons or dogs, or fishing with cormorants.


Premise: What did Bower's say about Greg's method?

Hypothesis: Bowers stated similarly that the editor's task is to "approximate as nearly as possible an inferential authorial fair copy.


Premise: Which bishop didn't realize the satirical nature of Burke's book?

Hypothesis: Some reviewers failed to notice the ironic nature of the book, which led to Burke stating in the preface to the second edition (1757) that it was a satire.


Premise: Who established the AVL?

Hypothesis: The AVL, created by the Valencian parliament, is in charge of dictating the official rules governing the use of Valencian, and its standard is based on the Norms of Castelló (Normes de Castelló).


Premise: Where were the Limen Slavs located before Kievan Rus?

Hypothesis: In the northern region around Novgorod were the Ilmen Slavs and neighboring Krivichi, who occupied territories surrounding the headwaters of the West Dvina, Dnieper, and Volga Rivers.


Premise: Who won the Chess Cup in 2009?

Hypothesis: Israeli grandmaster Boris Gelfand won the Chess World Cup in 2009 and the 2011 Candidates Tournament for the right to challenge the world champion.


Premise: What group is Mali's sole legislative party?

Hypothesis: The unicameral National Assembly is Mali's sole legislative body, consisting of deputies elected to five-year terms.


Premise: Russians are generally similar to populations in what region?

Hypothesis: Postulated to originate from southeast Asia, it is found at high rates in Uralic peoples.


Premise: How many Greenpeace activists boarded Fennica and Nordica in March 2012?

Hypothesis: On 16 March 2012, 52 Greenpeace activists from five different countries boarded Fennica and Nordica, multipurpose icebreakers chartered to support Shell's drilling rigs near Alaska.


Premise: How tall is Mount Damavand?

Hypothesis: It is one of the world's most mountainous countries, its landscape dominated by rugged mountain ranges that separate various basins or plateaux from one another.


Premise: Give three examples of target organisms of pesticides.

Hypothesis: Plant-derived pesticides, or "botanicals", have been developing quickly.


Premise: How many battleships were in Kurita's "Center Force"?

Hypothesis: Kurita's "Center Force" consisted of five battleships, 12 cruisers and 13 destroyers.


Premise: When were the best biographies of Queen Victoria written?

Hypothesis: The biographies written by Elizabeth Longford and Cecil Woodham-Smith, in 1964 and 1972 respectively, are still widely admired.


Premise: Where did the 2013 Open World Taekwondo Challenge Cup take place?

Hypothesis: In the martial arts, Faisal Jeylani Aweys and Mohamed Deq Abdulle also took home a silver medal and fourth place, respectively, at the 2013 Open World Taekwondo Challenge Cup in Tongeren.


Premise: What was established for bringing Apple's design work in-house?

Hypothesis: Apple instead brought the design work in-house by establishing the Apple Industrial Design Group, becoming responsible for crafting a new look for all Apple products.


Premise: How was the first listing limited in what species were listed?

Hypothesis: It included only vertebrates because the Department of Interior's definition of "fish and wildlife" was limited to vertebrates.


Premise: When did the British and Russian empires begin encroaching on Tibet?

Hypothesis: However, in the 19th century the situation of foreigners in Tibet grew more tenuous.


Premise: Reader's Digest included To Kill a Mockingbird in what program of theirs?

Hypothesis: Despite her editors' warnings that the book might not sell well, it quickly became a sensation, bringing acclaim to Lee in literary circles, in her hometown of Monroeville, and throughout Alabama.


Premise: What is the topic of the fifth goal?

Hypothesis: UNFPA is working with governments, partners and other UN agencies to directly tackle many of these goals - in particular Goal 3 on health, Goal 4 on education and Goal 5 on gender equality - and contributes in a variety of ways to achieving many of the rest.


Premise: On what date did Montini become the archbishop of Milan?

Hypothesis: Montini, after a period of preparation, liked his new tasks as archbishop, connecting to all groups of faithful in Milan.


Premise: What did Herman Goldstone write about von NEumann?

Hypothesis: Herman Goldstine wrote: "One of his remarkable abilities was his power of absolute recall.


Premise: How many of the big four banks are headquartered in Melbourne?

Hypothesis: It is the Australian base for a number of significant manufacturers including Boeing, truck-makers Kenworth and Iveco, Cadbury as well as Bombardier Transportation and Jayco, among many others.


Premise: How many nurses are provided to the outer islands?

Hypothesis: The Department of Health also employs nine or ten nurses on the outer islands to provide general nursing and midwifery services.


Premise: Where does Hamp say the Pontic Indo-European languages originate?

Hypothesis: In Hamp's view the homeland of this subgroup is the northeast coast of the Black Sea and its hinterlands.


Premise: What do unawakend people experience?

Hypothesis: According to Buddhist traditions a Buddha is a fully awakened being who has completely purified his mind of the three poisons of desire, aversion and ignorance.


Premise: What was the FleetCenter built to replace?

Hypothesis: The Boston Celtics were founding members of the Basketball Association of America, one of the two leagues that merged to form the NBA.


Premise: How long did the inflationary pressure continue?

Hypothesis: This inflationary pressure was to continue for the rest of the 13th century and had long-term economic consequences for England.


Premise: When did Demetrius seize the Macedonian throne?

Hypothesis: After Cassander's death in 298 BCE, however, Demetrius, who still maintained a sizable loyal army and fleet, invaded Macedon, seized the Macedonian throne (294) and conquered Thessaly and most of central Greece (293-291).


Premise: Who did Dominic pray for?

Hypothesis: Dominic practiced self-scourging and would mortify himself as he prayed alone in the chapel at night for 'poor sinners.'


Premise: According to the formalist approach, how much notoriety must a law have?

Hypothesis: Formalists hold that the law must be prospective, well-known, and have characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty.


Premise: In what years did Mali restructure public enterprises?

Hypothesis: During 1988 to 1996, Mali's government largely reformed public enterprises.


Premise: Which Swiss sailing team was the 1st to win America's Cup in 2003?

Hypothesis: The largest, Lake Geneva, is the home of the sailing team Alinghi which was the first European team to win the America's Cup in 2003 and which successfully defended the title in 2007.


Premise: What political ideology did Gaddafi want to push his country to?

Hypothesis: Ruling by decree, he implemented measures to remove what he viewed as foreign imperialist influence from Libya, and strengthened ties to Arab nationalist governments.


Premise: What is celebrated in the Catholic calendar the 8 of December?

Hypothesis: He opened the final session of the council, concelebrating with bishops from countries where the Church was persecuted.


Premise: Greece's economy is what size?

Hypothesis: With an economy larger than all the Balkan economies combined, Greece is the largest economy in the Balkans, and an important regional investor.


Premise: What battle took place in 1683?

Hypothesis: But in spite of these difficulties, the Empire remained a major expansionist power until the Battle of Vienna in 1683, which marked the end of Ottoman expansion into Europe.


Premise: What was the filename extension?

Hypothesis: The filename extension .mp3 was chosen by the Fraunhofer team on 14 July 1995 (previously, the files had been named .bit).


Premise: Who gets to interview and question prospective board members?

Hypothesis: The European Parliament also gets to question and then issue its opinion on candidates to the executive board.


Premise: Who was the governor of Florida in 2011?

Hypothesis: The first phase was planned to connect Orlando and Tampa and was offered federal funding, but it was turned down by Governor Rick Scott in 2011.


Premise: How many people were crucified with Jesus?

Hypothesis: Apart from these women, the three Synoptic Gospels speak of the presence of others: "the chief priests, with the scribes and elders"; two robbers crucified, one on Jesus' right and one on his left, whom the Gospel of Luke presents as the penitent thief and the impenitent thief; "the soldiers", "the centurion and those who were with him, keeping watch over Jesus"; passers-by; "bystanders", "the crowds that had assembled for this spectacle"; and "his acquaintances"


Premise: What is the annual precipitation?

Hypothesis: Heavy snowstorms may occur any time from September through May, though most snow falls from November to March.


Premise: Why don't Jehovah Witnesses celebrate the usual holidays and customs?

Hypothesis: They do not observe Christmas, Easter, birthdays or other holidays and customs they consider to have pagan origins incompatible with Christianity.


Premise: What company did Dell acquire in 2009?

Hypothesis: The company is well known for its innovations in supply chain management and electronic commerce, particularly its direct-sales model and its "build-to-order" or "configure to order" approach to manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications.


Premise: What's the English type equivalent for the Dutch word order that is an interrogative pronoun/expression, then a verb followed by a subject?

Hypothesis: In the Dutch equivalent of a wh-question the word order is: interrogative pronoun (or expression) + conjugated verb + subject; other verbs in final position: "Waarom kun jij je pen niet vinden?"


Premise: What Arabic book is Ibn Tufail noted for writing?

Hypothesis: Ibn Tufail (Abubacer) and Ibn al-Nafis were pioneers of the philosophical novel.


Premise: What is the Marvel and Disney line of comics called?

Hypothesis: On January 3, 2014, fellow Disney subsidiary Lucasfilm Limited, LLC announced that as of 2015, Star Wars comics would once again be published by Marvel.


Premise: What does WMD stand for?

Hypothesis: The Bush administration then turned its attention to Iraq, and argued the need to remove Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq had become urgent.


Premise: What was played at Chopin's graveside?

Hypothesis: At the graveside, the Funeral March from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2 was played, in Reber's instrumentation.


Premise: rather than emigrate African Americans wanted to do what?

Hypothesis: Slaveholders wanted to get free people of color out of the South, where they were thought to threaten the stability of the slave societies.


Premise: What type of anthropology involves the relatively new area of internet search?

Hypothesis: This is in addition to many classic ethnographic contexts, where media such as radio, the press, new media and television have started to make their presences felt since the early 1990s.


Premise: What is the name of the slightly less luxurious staterooms located underneath the State Apartments?

Hypothesis: At the centre of this suite is the Bow Room, through which thousands of guests pass annually to the Queen's Garden Parties in the Gardens.


Premise: What idea did Blumenschine propose?

Hypothesis: Robert Blumenschine proposed the idea of confrontational scavenging, which involves challenging and scaring off other predators after they have made a kill, which he suggests could have been the leading method of obtaining protein-rich meat by early humans.


Premise: When did the International Congress of Somali Studies begin?

Hypothesis: Since 1980, prominent Somalist scholars from around the world have also gathered annually to hold the International Congress of Somali Studies.


Premise: What type of costumes play a central role in the Queen elections?

Hypothesis: Music and flamboyant costumes play a central role, from the Queen elections to the Grand Parade.


Premise: What do you call a dark beer that is brewed with roasted malts or barley?

Hypothesis: Stout and porter are dark beers made using roasted malts or roast barley, and typically brewed with slow fermenting yeast.


Premise: What troops were uniquely successful in English service?

Hypothesis: One of the major developments in the military sphere during the Late Middle Ages was the increased use of infantry and light cavalry.


Premise: What are the obstacles he claims are to ending child labor?

Hypothesis: So, while the struggle to end child labour is necessary, getting there often requires taking different routes—and, sadly, there are many political obstacles.


Premise: What are Jehovah Witnesses discouraged from doing?

Hypothesis: Witnesses are told that spontaneous giving at other times can help their children to not feel deprived of birthdays or other celebrations.


Premise: How strong was the powerful earthquake that hit Mexico City in 1985?

Hypothesis: Although this earthquake was not as deadly or destructive as many similar events in Asia and other parts of Latin America, it proved to be a disaster politically for the one-party government.


Premise: When was Rousseau's Discourse on Inequality published?

Hypothesis: Other landmark publications were the Dictionnaire philosophique (Philosophical Dictionary, 1764) and Letters on the English (1733) written by Voltaire; Rousseau's Discourse on Inequality (1754) and The Social Contract (1762); and Montesquieu's Spirit of the Laws (1748).


Premise: Who was the father of American football?

Hypothesis: Among the best-known are U.S. Presidents William Howard Taft, Gerald Ford, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush; royals Crown Princess Victoria Bernadotte, Prince Rostislav Romanov and Prince Akiiki Hosea Nyabongo; heads of state, including Italian prime minister Mario Monti, Turkish prime minister Tansu Çiller, Mexican president Ernesto Zedillo, German president Karl Carstens, and Philippines president José Paciano Laurel; U.S. Supreme Court Justices Sonia Sotomayor, Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas; U.S. Secretaries of State John Kerry, Hillary Clinton, Cyrus Vance, and Dean Acheson; authors Sinclair Lewis, Stephen Vincent Benét, and Tom Wolfe; lexicographer Noah Webster; inventors Samuel F. B. Morse and Eli Whitney; patriot and "first spy" Nathan Hale; theologian Jonathan Edwards; actors, directors and producers Paul Newman, Henry Winkler, Vincent Price, Meryl Streep, Sigourney Weaver, Jodie Foster, Angela Bassett, Patricia Clarkson, Courtney Vance, Frances McDormand, Elia Kazan, George Roy Hill, Edward Norton, Lupita Nyong'o, Allison Williams, Oliver Stone, Sam Waterston, and Michael Cimino; "Father of American football" Walter Camp, James Franco, "The perfect oarsman" Rusty Wailes; baseball players Ron Darling, Bill Hutchinson, and Craig Breslow; basketball player Chris Dudley; football players Gary Fencik, and Calvin Hill; hockey players Chris Higgins and Mike Richter; figure skater Sarah Hughes; swimmer Don Schollander; skier Ryan Max Riley; runner Frank Shorter; composers Charles Ives, Douglas Moore and Cole Porter; Peace Corps founder Sargent Shriver; child psychologist Benjamin Spock; architects Eero Saarinen and Norman Foster; sculptor Richard Serra; film critic Gene Siskel; television commentators Dick Cavett and Anderson Cooper; New York Times journalist David Gonzalez; pundits William F. Buckley, Jr., and Fareed Zakaria; economists Irving Fischer, Mahbub ul Haq, and Paul Krugman; cyclotron inventor and Nobel laureate in Physics, Ernest Lawrence; Human Genome Project director Francis S. Collins; mathematician and chemist Josiah Willard Gibbs; and businesspeople, including Time Magazine co-founder Henry Luce, Morgan Stanley founder Harold Stanley, Boeing CEO James McNerney, FedEx founder Frederick W. Smith, Time Warner president Jeffrey Bewkes, Electronic Arts co-founder Bing Gordon, and investor/philanthropist Sir John Templeton; pioneer in electrical applications Austin Cornelius Dunham.


Premise: What scale is used by most Somali songs?

Hypothesis: Most Somali songs are pentatonic.


Premise: What did Nicholas Leonard say united post-punk?

Hypothesis: Until recently, in most critical writing the post-punk era was "often dismissed as an awkward period in which punk's gleeful ructions petered out into the vacuity of the Eighties".


Premise: Which group of animal has a lower body temperature that marsupials and placentals?

Hypothesis: Modern monotremes have lower body temperatures and more variable metabolic rates than marsupials and placentals, but there is evidence that some of their ancestors, perhaps including ancestors of the therians, may have had body temperatures like those of modern therians.


Premise: An uplift of what formed Antarctica?

Hypothesis: The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras.


Premise: How high is Cavanal Hill?

Hypothesis: A portion of the Flint Hills stretches into north-central Oklahoma, and near the state's eastern border, Cavanal Hill is regarded by the Oklahoma Tourism & Recreation Department as the world's tallest hill;


Premise: What supply port was opened late in 1944?

Hypothesis: Once the coastal assault had succeeded, Eisenhower insisted on retaining personal control over the land battle strategy, and was immersed in the command and supply of multiple assaults through France on Germany.


Premise: What is koshari?

Hypothesis: Some consider koshari (a mixture of rice, lentils, and macaroni) to be the national dish.


Premise: When was the first nutrition experiment performed?

Hypothesis: The discovery was ignored for forty years, after which British sailors became known as "limeys.


Premise: What is the name of the group of well-developed organisms that were discovered within fossil-bearing layers?

Hypothesis: The initial appearance of entire groups of well developed organisms in the oldest fossil-bearing layers, now known as the Cambrian explosion, posed a problem.


Premise: When was Phenomenology of Spirit published?

Hypothesis: However, what Climacus means by the aforementioned statement, is that Hegel, in the Philosophy of Right, believed the best solution was to surrender one's individuality to the customs of the State, identifying right and wrong in view of the prevailing bourgeois morality.


Premise: What areas were the first places colonized by the Portuguese?

Hypothesis: Although the rivers and coast of this area were among the first places colonized by the Portuguese, who set up trading posts in the 16th century, they did not explore the interior until the 19th century.


Premise: What does Nuestra Senora del Sagrado Corazon mean?

Hypothesis: Nuestra Señora del Sagrado Corazón ("Our Lady of the Sacred Heart"), also known as Iglesia Punta Carretas ("Punta Carretas Church"), was built between 1917 and 1927 in the Romanesque Revival style.


Premise: What was Frédéric's most likely cause of death?

Hypothesis: He died in Paris in 1849, probably of tuberculosis.


Premise: What is the name of the building at University of Prague in Bohemia?

Hypothesis: Particularly remarkable examples still standing nowadays include the Collegio di Spagna in the University of Bologna, built during the 14th and 15th centuries; the Collegium Carolinum of the University of Prague in Bohemia; the Escuelas mayores of the University of Salamanca in Spain; the chapel of King's College, Cambridge; or the Collegium Maius of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland.


Premise: What is created in fall when phosphates retreat to the stems of plants?

Hypothesis: When this happens, the sugar-breakdown process changes, leading to the production of anthocyanin pigments.


Premise: How does Arsenal match day revenue compare with other stadium in the world?

Hypothesis: Arsenal and Deloitte both list the match day revenue generated by the Emirates Stadium as £100.4m, more than any other football stadium in the world.


Premise: Eye gaze, vocalization and body posture are examples of what?

Hypothesis: These communication behaviors include eye gaze, facial expression, vocalization, body posture (including movements of bodies and limbs) and gustatory communication (scents, pheromones and taste).


Premise: Because of Columbus' mistake, the Americas came to be known as what?

Hypothesis: The Americas came to be known as the "West Indies", a name still used to refer to the islands of the Caribbean Sea.


Premise: LaserDisc was the first format to provide what type of releases to consumers?

Hypothesis: LaserDisc's support for multiple audio tracks allowed for vast supplemental materials to be included on-disc and made it the first available format for "Special Edition" releases; the 1984 Criterion Collection edition of Citizen Kane is generally credited as being the first "Special Edition" release to home video,[citation needed] and for setting the standard by which future SE discs were measured.


Premise: Where was the concept of parallel creation found?

Hypothesis: The translator's role as a bridge for "carrying across" values between cultures has been discussed at least since Terence, the 2nd-century-BCE Roman adapter of Greek comedies.


Premise: What percentage of the Seattle population has a bachelor's degree?

Hypothesis: A 2008 United States Census Bureau survey showed that Seattle had the highest percentage of college and university graduates of any major U.S. city.


Premise: What future American founding father fought in the French and Indian War?

Hypothesis: This final war was to give thousands of colonists, including Virginia colonel George Washington, military experience which they put to use during the American Revolutionary War.


Premise: Who were the most influential fold artists from the region in the 20th century?

Hypothesis: Perhaps the most influential folk artists to emerge from the region in the late 20th century were Liverpool folk group The Spinners, and from Manchester folk troubadour Roy Harper and musician, comedian and broadcaster Mike Harding.


Premise: How many seasons out of the last 114 has Everton been in England's top tier?

Hypothesis: Everton against Aston Villa is the most played fixture in England's top flight, as of the 2012–13 season the two founder members of the Football League have played a record 196 league games.


Premise: What act allowed premarket approval for drugs?

Hypothesis: The Biologics Control Act of 1902 required that federal government grant premarket approval for every biological drug and for the process and facility producing such drugs.


Premise: What was Barcelona's revenue in 2010?

Hypothesis: In 2010, Forbes evaluated Barcelona's worth to be around €752 million (USD $1 billion), ranking them fourth after Manchester United, Real Madrid, and Arsenal, based on figures from the 2008–09 season.


Premise: Who was eliminated in the Top 4 show?

Hypothesis: He was eliminated at the top four in a shocking result.


Premise: Who does the Commander-in-Chief authorize to make decision regarding the Armed Forces for them?

Hypothesis: All troop deployment and disposition orders, including declarations of war, fall within the royal prerogative and are issued as Orders in Council, which must be signed by either the monarch or governor general.


Premise: What trade was instrumental to the growth of this region?

Hypothesis: The region grew based on the lucrative fur trade, in which numerous Native American people had important roles.


Premise: How long were standard NES controller cables?

Hypothesis: In addition, the AV Famicom joined its international counterpart and dropped the hardwired controllers in favor of detachable controller ports.


Premise: What occurs during the custom of umchwaso in Swaziland?

Hypothesis: The Reed Dance today is not an ancient ceremony but a development of the old "umchwasho" custom.


Premise: Where did a large amount of the deities that were worshiped in Roman civilization come from?

Hypothesis: However, the Roman religion commonly associated with the republic and early empire did not begin until around 500 BC, when Romans came in contact with Greek culture, and adopted many of the Greek religious beliefs.


Premise: What is another stopover location?

Hypothesis: Some examples of important stopover locations are the Bay of Fundy and Delaware Bay.


Premise: What did any person who wanted to hold public office need to conform to during the Republic?

Hypothesis: The extent to which different religions or denominations were persecuted depended much on the time period and regional or city leaders.


Premise: The HD capabilities of modern gaming systems has inspired developers to do what?

Hypothesis: Sony's PlayStation 3 has extensive HD compatibility because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player, so does Microsoft's Xbox 360 with the addition of Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities, and the Zune marketplace where users can rent or purchase digital HD content.


Premise: WHat does NSTEMI stand for?

Hypothesis: People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk.


Premise: Where did the relay start?

Hypothesis: It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea.


Premise: What is the name of the cathedral in Sicily that first displayed the use of the pointed arch?

Hypothesis: It was principally the widespread introduction of a single feature, the pointed arch, which was to bring about the change that separates Gothic from Romanesque.


Premise: Who felt that American Idol helped the true art form of music get lost?

Hypothesis: Elton John, who had appeared as a mentor in the show but turned down an offer to be a judge on American Idol, commenting on talent shows in general, said that "there have been some good acts but the only way to sustain a career is to pay your dues in small clubs".


Premise: In what century was Strasbourg occupied successively by Alemanni, Huns, and Franks?

Hypothesis: In the fifth century Strasbourg was occupied successively by Alemanni, Huns, and Franks.


Premise: What physical disadvantages do humans have against other apex predators?

Hypothesis: A lone naked human is at a physical disadvantage to other comparable apex predators in areas such as speed, bone density, weight, and physical strength.


Premise: What was a key political topic in the 1950s and 1960s?

Hypothesis: Anti-communism was a key political issue of the 1950s and 1960s.


Premise: What programs are offered at Northwestern's Quatar campus?

Hypothesis: In 2008, the university opened a campus in Education City, Doha, Qatar with programs in journalism and communication.


Premise: According to most analysts, what crisis took place after the crisis in residential real estate?

Hypothesis: " Other analysts support the contention that the crisis in commercial real estate and related lending took place after the crisis in residential real estate.


Premise: How many different external views of data are there?

Hypothesis: While there is typically only one conceptual (or logical) and physical (or internal) view of the data, there can be any number of different external views.


Premise: About how many million square feet of office space is present in Midtown Manhattan?

Hypothesis: Manhattan contained over 500 million square feet (46.5 million m2) of office space in 2015, making it the largest office market in the United States, while Midtown Manhattan, with nearly 400 million square feet (37.2 million m2) in 2015, is the largest central business district in the world.


Premise: EMP is proportional to what?

Hypothesis: The voltage is proportional to the running speed of the motor.


Premise: When was Greece accepted into the European Union?

Hypothesis: Greece was accepted into the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union on 19 June 2000, and in January 2001 adopted the Euro as its currency, replacing the Greek drachma at an exchange rate of 340.75 drachma to the Euro.


Premise: Who are important industrial technology companies in Cork?

Hypothesis: Cork is also the European headquarters of Apple Inc. where over 3,000 staff are involved in manufacturing, R&D and customer support.


Premise: What type of companies are Broadsheet and ThreeThousand?

Hypothesis: Three daily newspapers serve Melbourne: the Herald Sun (tabloid), The Age (formerly broadsheet, now compact) and The Australian (national broadsheet).


Premise: Where was the Tobolar Copra plant located?

Hypothesis: In 2009, a 57 kW solar power plant was installed, the largest in the Pacific at the time, including New Zealand.


Premise: How much did each school have to pay as punishment for price-sharing?

Hypothesis: Following the investigation by the OFT, each school was required to pay around £70,000, totalling around £3.5 million, significantly less than the maximum possible fine.


Premise: What markets were built in the Art Nouveau style?

Hypothesis: The best expression of this dynamic was in the regional exhibitions, including that of 1909 held next to the pedestrian avenue L'Albereda


Premise: What type of code does UCS-2 use?

Hypothesis: UCS-2 uses a 16-bit code unit (two 8-bit bytes) for each character but cannot encode every character in the current Unicode standard.


Premise: In what year did Lodygin demonstrate a lamp at the World's Fair?

Hypothesis: He used as a burner two carbon rods of diminished section in a glass receiver, hermetically sealed, and filled with nitrogen, electrically arranged so that the current could be passed to the second carbon when the first had been consumed.


Premise: Alternative reality genre fiction is also known as what?

Hypothesis: William Burroughs, in his early works, and Hunter S. Thompson expanded documentary reporting into strong subjective statements after the second World War, and post-modern critics have disparaged the idea of objective realism in general.


Premise: When did Muawiya II's reign begin?

Hypothesis: Yazid died while the siege was still in progress, and the Umayyad army returned to Damascus, leaving Ibn al-Zubayr in control of Mecca.


Premise: In what year was the Walworth School established?

Hypothesis: In 1946, for example, Walworth School was one of five 'experimental' comprehensive schools set up by the London County Council


Premise: Who ultimately defeated Seleucid Anatolia?

Hypothesis: Hierax carved off most of Seleucid Anatolia for himself, but was defeated, along with his Galatian allies, by Attalus I of Pergamon who now also claimed kingship.


Premise: What type of bird particularly played an important part in the inception of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?

Hypothesis: Some bird species of aquatic environments, particularly the aforementioned flightless penguins, and also members of the duck family, have also evolved for swimming.


Premise: General Robert E. Lee controlled what sect of the confederacy?

Hypothesis: Lincoln proved effective in mobilizing support for the war goals, raising large armies and supplying them, avoiding foreign interference, and making the end of slavery a war goal.


Premise: Can they extend their deal?

Hypothesis: However, to protect the identity of the competition, the sponsored name has always included 'The FA Cup' in addition to the sponsor's name, unlike sponsorship deals for the League Cup where the word 'cup' is preceded by only the sponsor's name.


Premise: When did Australia separate from Antarctica?

Hypothesis: Africa separated from Antarctica in the Jurassic, around 160 Ma, followed by the Indian subcontinent in the early Cretaceous (about 125 Ma).


Premise: What song did David Cook sing on American Idol during the week of the top ten?

Hypothesis: David Cook was taken to the hospital after the top-nine performance show due to heart palpitations and high blood pressure.


Premise: What problem continued to stop rescue teams from reaching affected areas?

Hypothesis: However, the Red Cross Society of China said that (on May 13) "it was inconvenient currently due to the traffic problem to the hardest hit areas closest to the epicenter."


Premise: What gets mounted in the middle of two parallel planes in a cordwood construction?

Hypothesis: Cordwood construction can save significant space and was often used with wire-ended components in applications where space was at a premium (such as missile guidance and telemetry systems) and in high-speed computers, where short traces were important.


Premise: Which act sets functions for Melbourne such as urban planning and waste management?

Hypothesis: The local councils are responsible for providing the functions set out in the Local Government Act 1989 such as urban planning and waste management.


Premise: What did Enkidu become and do after consuming seven jugs of beer?

Hypothesis: He drank the beer-seven jugs! and became expansive and sang with joy!"


Premise: What is the maximum length of a video on youtube?

Hypothesis: When YouTube was launched in 2005, it was possible to upload long videos, but a ten-minute limit was introduced in March 2006 after YouTube found that the majority of videos exceeding this length were unauthorized uploads of television shows and films.


Premise: What currently utilized item was World Records CLV similar to?

Hypothesis: At least one manufacturer in the early 1920s, World Records, produced records that played at a constant linear velocity, controlled by Noel Pemberton Billing's patented add-on governor device.


Premise: What emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion?

Hypothesis: Early Islamic philosophy emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion, and the process of ijtihad to find truth—in effect all philosophy was "political" as it had real implications for governance.


Premise: Using fluxes and chemical additives during the alloying process does what?

Hypothesis: Great care is often taken during the alloying process to remove excess impurities, using fluxes, chemical additives, or other methods of extractive metallurgy.


Premise: How is the Farday constant value quickly calculated?

Hypothesis: In practice, it is measured in conventional electrical units, and so given the symbol F90.


Premise: What year was the U.S. army organized?

Hypothesis: During times of war, the U.S. Army was augmented by the much larger United States Volunteers which were raised independently by various state governments.


Premise: Where is Henry VIII's wine cellar?

Hypothesis: The entire vaulted brick structure of the cellar was encased in steel and concrete and relocated nine feet to the west and nearly 19 feet (5.8 m) deeper in 1949, when construction was resumed at the site after World War II.


Premise: Chopin was indirectly related to what?

Hypothesis: In his native Poland, in France, where he composed most of his works, and beyond, Chopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest superstars, his association (if only indirect) with political insurrection, his love life and his early death have made him, in the public consciousness, a leading symbol of the Romantic era.


Premise: What may cause some confusion in the US regarding state supreme courts?

Hypothesis: In New York, Maryland, and the District of Columbia the highest court is called the Court of Appeals, a name used by many states for their intermediate appellate courts.


Premise: What does the Lord Mayor's Show parade commemorate and celebrate?

Hypothesis: There is a variety of annual events, beginning with the relatively new New Year's Day Parade, fireworks display at the London Eye, the world's second largest street party,


Premise: Where is the only iron deposit on earth?

Hypothesis: Iron is usually found as iron ore on Earth, except for one deposit of native iron in Greenland, which was used by the Inuit people.


Premise: On what date was Spectre first shown in the UK?

Hypothesis: Spectre was released on 26 October 2015 in the United Kingdom on the same night as the world premiere at the Royal Albert Hall in London, followed by a worldwide release.


Premise: What was the first federal law that regulated wildlife commerce?

Hypothesis: It prohibited interstate commerce of animals killed in violation of state game laws, and covered all fish and wildlife and their parts or products, as well as plants.


Premise: What did she also work as for other established artists?

Hypothesis: " She started to work as a backup dancer for other established artists.


Premise: How often is the Young Composers Film Competition?

Hypothesis: In 2000, TCM started the annual Young Composers Film Competition, inviting aspiring composers to participate in a judged competition that offers the winner of each year's competition the opportunity to score a restored, feature-length silent film as a grand prize, mentored by a well-known composer, with the new work subsequently premiering on the network.


Premise: What is the niche market of phonograph record fans known as?

Hypothesis: Records retained the largest market share even when new formats such as compact cassette were mass-marketed.


Premise: Which anniversary did P&O celebrate in Southampton?

Hypothesis: Adonia, Arcadia, Aurora, Azura, Oceana, Oriana and Ventura all left the city in a procession on 3 July 2012.


Premise: What would the electric current always gravitate to?

Hypothesis: This causes an electrical current to begin flowing in the direction of the signal's instantaneous field.


Premise: What do the stamps give the purchaser a license to do?

Hypothesis: Although non-hunters buy a significant number of Duck Stamps, eighty-seven percent of their sales are contributed by hunters, which is logical, as hunters are required to purchase them.


Premise: Where is a great place to bird watch in Southeast Tuscon?

Hypothesis: The Atterbury Wash with its access to excellent bird watching is also located in the Southeast Tucson area.


Premise: Pancho Villa seeked a conversation with which American President?

Hypothesis: Whether trying to please the U.S. government or through the diplomatic efforts of Sommerfeld and Carothers, or maybe as a result of both, Villa stepped out from under Carranza’s stated foreign policy.


Premise: Why was the second decline in popularity not a strong as the first?

Hypothesis: The second decline was not as complete as the first.


Premise: When were the basic properties of capacitors first discovered?

Hypothesis: Von Kleist's hand and the water acted as conductors, and the jar as a dielectric (although details of the mechanism were incorrectly identified at the time).


Premise: What is different in a shifted code?

Hypothesis: In a shifted code, some character codes determine choices between options for the following character codes.


Premise: What event caused Elizabeth's father to become King?

Hypothesis: Her father acceded to the throne on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII in 1936, from which time she was the heir presumptive.


Premise: What job do many Armenian women traditionally do?

Hypothesis: Carpet-weaving is historically a major traditional profession for the majority of Armenian women, including many Armenian families.


Premise: Where is the main branch of the University of Kansas located?

Hypothesis: KU branch campuses are located in the towns of Lawrence, Wichita, Overland Park, Salina, and Kansas City, Kansas, with the main campus located in Lawrence on Mount Oread, the highest location in Lawrence.


Premise: What effect did the way the taxes were charged have on it's revenue.

Hypothesis: As a result, the tax revenues collected by the samurai landowners were worth less and less over time.


Premise: How many bearers of the torch were used in India?

Hypothesis: India: Due to concerns about pro-Tibet protests, the relay through New Delhi on April 17 was cut to just 2.3 km (less than 1.5 miles), which was shared amongst 70 runners.


Premise: How early did the small republic states exist in India?

Hypothesis: The educated speech at that time was Sanskrit, while the languages of the general population of northern India are referred to as Prakrits.


Premise: What pope was involved in the Investiture Controversy?

Hypothesis: This involved Pope Gregory VII (pope 1073–85) and Emperor Henry IV, who initially clashed over episcopal appointments, a dispute that turned into a battle over the ideas of investiture, clerical marriage, and simony.


Premise: To whom did Paul VI give a diamond cross and ring in hopes it would raise funds to help people globally?

Hypothesis: Pope Paul VI became the first reigning pontiff ever to visit the Americas when he flew to New York in October 1965 to address the United Nations.


Premise: Which candidate was the only Democrat to win Alaska in a landslide election in 1964?

Hypothesis: Republicans have won the state's electoral college votes in all but one election that it has participated in (1964).


Premise: What are mutations that lead to amino acid sequence changes but leave the protein functioning similarly called?

Hypothesis: Some mutations do not change the amino acid sequence because multiple codons encode the same amino acid (synonymous mutations).


Premise: What percent of asthma cases in adults are work-related?

Hypothesis: It is estimated that 5–25% of asthma cases in adults are work–related.


Premise: Where was quantum mechanics developed?

Hypothesis: Also, my work on various forms of operator theory, Berlin 1930 and Princeton 1935–1939; on the ergodic theorem, Princeton, 1931–1932."


Premise: Now days, many interested people find a Masonic Lodge using what?

Hypothesis: In modern times, interested people often track down a local Lodge through the Internet.


Premise: What two regions do some linguists divide Russian into?

Hypothesis: Some linguists divide the dialects of Russian into two primary regional groupings, "Northern" and "Southern", with Moscow lying on the zone of transition between the two.


Premise: How long did it actually take Whitehead and Russell to complete Principia Mathematica?

Hypothesis: Whitehead and Russell had thought originally that Principia Mathematica would take a year to complete; it ended up taking them ten years.


Premise: What were the group of friends of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra called?

Hypothesis: The new King and his wife Queen Alexandra had always been at the forefront of London high society, and their friends, known as "the Marlborough House Set", were considered to be the most eminent and fashionable of the age.


Premise: Up until when did physical anthropology texts still argue that biological races exist?

Hypothesis: In contrast, biology textbooks did not undergo such a reversal but many instead dropped their discussion of race altogether.


Premise: Who established the Berg-Schola?

Hypothesis: After the Treaty of Trianon the institute had to be moved to Sopron.


Premise: Under whom was Russia declared an empire?

Hypothesis: Catherine II (the Great), who ruled in 1762–96, extended Russian political control over the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and incorporated most of its territories into Russia during the Partitions of Poland, pushing the Russian frontier westward into Central Europe.


Premise: The CCU holds, in addition to a music theater, what?

Hypothesis: UNAM's main campus, also in the southern part of the city, is home to the Centro Cultural Universitario (the University Culture Center)


Premise: What is the common term for copyright infringement?

Hypothesis: While copyright is created the instance a work is fixed, generally the copyright holder can only get money damages if the owner registers the copyright.[citation needed]


Premise: How tall is Quirauk Mountain?

Hypothesis: The Blue Ridge Mountains, rising in southern Pennsylvania and there known as South Mountain, attain elevations of about 2,000 ft (600 m) in that state.


Premise: In the Orthodox church, what types of icons are allowed to be venerated and prayed before?

Hypothesis: According to Orthodox piety and traditional practice, however, believers ought to pray before and venerate only flat, two-dimensional icons, and not three-dimensional statues.


Premise: Who was the founder of the city of Bern?

Hypothesis: According to the local legend, based on folk etymology, Berchtold V, Duke of Zähringen, the founder of the city of Bern, vowed to name the city after the first animal he met on the hunt, and this turned out to be a bear.


Premise: Who founded the Order of St. George?

Hypothesis: This new-found ethos can be seen as a response to the diminishing military role of the aristocracy, and gradually it became almost entirely detached from its military origin.


Premise: For which sports team category does Houston not have a team ?

Hypothesis: The Houston Dynamo are a Major League Soccer (MLS) franchise that has been based in Houston since 2006 after they won two MLS Cup titles in 2006 and 2007.


Premise: Where does Miami rank in population among US cities?

Hypothesis: Miami is the 42nd-most populous city in the United States.


Premise: The British East India Company was dissolved by which act?

Hypothesis: Pitt's India Act of 1784 and the Charter Act of 1813 which regulated the Company's affairs and established the sovereignty of the Crown over the territories that it had acquired.


Premise: In which year did Benito Juarez die?

Hypothesis: After the death of the president Benito Juárez in 1872, the first magistracy of the country was occupied by the vice-president Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, who called for new elections.


Premise: The Golden Boot is made of sterling silver, silver gilt and which semi-precious stone?

Hypothesis: Its main body is solid sterling silver and silver gilt, while its plinth is made of malachite, a semi-precious stone.


Premise: The Dilwara Temples are a pilgrimage site for whom?

Hypothesis: Its features include the ruins of the Indus Valley Civilization at Kalibanga; the Dilwara Temples, a Jain pilgrimage site at Rajasthan's only hill station, Mount Abu, in the ancient Aravalli mountain range; and, in eastern Rajasthan, the Keoladeo National Park near Bharatpur, a World Heritage Site known for its bird life.


Premise: The seven years' war  changed the British state focus from trade to protecting  europe and defending  which colonies?

Hypothesis: In 1742, fearing the monetary consequences of a war, the British government agreed to extend the deadline for the licensed exclusive trade by the company in India until 1783, in return for a further loan of £1 million.


Premise: What would wolves have gotten from living with humans?

Hypothesis: Wolves, and their dog descendants, would have derived significant benefits from living in human camps—more safety, more reliable food, lesser caloric needs, and more chance to breed.


Premise: Who was Detroit's first black mayor?

Hypothesis: In 1973, the city elected its first black mayor, Coleman Young.


Premise: What sea plankton doe many sea creatures rely on to live?

Hypothesis: Some species of marine animals exist and rely, directly or indirectly, on the phytoplankton.


Premise: What year did the government of Zhejiang recognise folk religion as 'civil religion'?

Hypothesis: Buddhism has an important presence since its arrival in Zhejiang 1,800 years ago.


Premise: Why do sexual organisms have two copies of each chromosome?

Hypothesis: Sexual organisms have two copies of each chromosome because they inherit one complete set from each parent.:1


Premise: What battleship sunk in the Havana Harbor?

Hypothesis: A pro-independence movement in Cuba was supported by the U.S., and Cuban guerrilla leaders wanted annexation to the United States, but Cuban revolutionary leader José Martí called for Cuban nationhood.


Premise: What is the name of the commission who concluded the financial crisis was avoidable?

Hypothesis: The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission concluded that the financial crisis was avoidable and was caused by "widespread failures in financial regulation and supervision", "dramatic failures of corporate governance and risk management at many systemically important financial institutions", "a combination of excessive borrowing, risky investments, and lack of transparency" by financial institutions, ill preparation and inconsistent action by government that "added to the uncertainty and panic", a "systemic breakdown in accountability and ethics", "collapsing mortgage-lending standards and the mortgage securitization pipeline", deregulation of over-the-counter derivatives, especially credit default swaps, and "the failures of credit rating agencies" to correctly price risk.


Premise: What are two other languages in the Finnic branch?

Hypothesis: Estonian belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages, along with Finnish, Karelian, and other nearby languages.


Premise: Who led the 93rd Highlanders?

Hypothesis: Commanding them was Sir Colin Campbell.


Premise: Did bribery work in convincing Liberius to believe the Arians?

Hypothesis: He sent expensive presents, too, if he were to accept the Arian position but were refused.


Premise: What case centered around a bootlegger caught through phone tapping?

Hypothesis: In the 1927 case Olmstead v. United States, in which a bootlegger was caught through telephone tapping, the United States Supreme Court ruled that FBI wiretaps did not violate the Fourth Amendment as unlawful search and seizure, as long as the FBI did not break into a person's home to complete the tapping.


Premise: By what date did Sony correct the issue with the system clock?

Hypothesis: By March 2 (UTC), 2010, owners of original PS3 models could connect to PSN successfully and the clock no longer showed December 31, 1999.


Premise: As of 2011, what percentage of original Telemundo programming was filmed in Miami?

Hypothesis: Miami is a major television production center, and the most important city in the U.S. for Spanish language media.


Premise: What was the most accurate clock-like device in the ancient world?

Hypothesis: The most precise timekeeping device of the ancient world was the water clock, or clepsydra, one of which was found in the tomb of Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep I (1525–1504 BC).


Premise: What is Brasilia's proper city population?

Hypothesis: The name 'Brasília' is commonly used as a synonym for the Federal District through synecdoche; However, the Federal District is composed of 31 administrative regions, only one of which is Brasília proper, with a population of 209,926 in a 2011 survey; Demographic publications generally do not make this distinction and list the population of Brasília as synonymous with the population of the Federal District, considering the whole of it as its metropolitan area.


Premise: What were Sun staff accused of in a 2014 trial?

Hypothesis: All six were charged with conspiring to commit misconduct in a public office.


Premise: Where is the oldest settlement in America?

Hypothesis: In 1565, the Spaniards, by way of Juan Ponce de León, founded St. Augustine, Florida, and as of the early 1800s, it became the oldest continuously occupied European settlement in the continental United States.


Premise: What was the beginning of psychology classified as?

Hypothesis: The year 1879 is commonly seen as the start of psychology as an independent field of study.


Premise: What state was in a conflict with Eastern Wu, and Shu Han?

Hypothesis: After Cao's defeat at the naval Battle of Red Cliffs in 208 AD, China was divided into three spheres of influence, with Cao Cao dominating the north, Sun Quan (182–252 AD) dominating the south, and Liu Bei (161–223 AD) dominating the west.


Premise: For which New Haven neighborhood did the Orange Street bike lane provide a connection to downtown?

Hypothesis: The city has created recommended bike routes for getting around New Haven, including use of the Canal Trail and the Orange Street lane.


Premise: How many iMac units sold in the first 139 days?

Hypothesis: More than 140,000 pre-orders were placed before it started shipping in September, and by October proved to be a large success.


Premise: What event caused Beyonce's depression?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé experienced depression following the split with Luckett and Roberson after being publicly blamed by the media, critics, and blogs for its cause.


Premise: What big event takes place in San Diego in November?

Hypothesis: San Diego's Spanish and Mexican heritage is reflected in the many historic sites across the city, such as Mission San Diego de Alcala and Old Town San Diego State Historic Park.


Premise: What issue has moved to the forefront in recent years?

Hypothesis: This major shift in architecture has also changed architecture schools to focus more on the environment.


Premise: When is the Irish Taoiseach renominated?

Hypothesis: (Some constitutional experts have questioned whether this process is actually in keeping with the provisions of the Irish constitution, which appear to suggest that a taoiseach should remain in office, without the requirement of a renomination, unless s/he has clearly lost the general election.)


Premise: When was the finale aired?

Hypothesis: In the May 23 season finale, Jordin Sparks was declared the winner with the runner-up being Blake Lewis.


Premise: What Italian Prime Minister attended Yale?

Hypothesis: Among the best-known are U.S. Presidents William Howard Taft, Gerald Ford, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush; royals Crown Princess Victoria Bernadotte, Prince Rostislav Romanov and Prince Akiiki Hosea Nyabongo; heads of state, including Italian prime minister Mario Monti, Turkish prime minister Tansu Çiller, Mexican president Ernesto Zedillo, German president Karl Carstens, and Philippines president José Paciano Laurel; U.S. Supreme Court Justices Sonia Sotomayor, Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas; U.S. Secretaries of State John Kerry, Hillary Clinton, Cyrus Vance, and Dean Acheson; authors Sinclair Lewis, Stephen Vincent Benét, and Tom Wolfe; lexicographer Noah Webster; inventors Samuel F. B. Morse and Eli Whitney; patriot and "first spy" Nathan Hale; theologian Jonathan Edwards; actors, directors and producers Paul Newman, Henry Winkler, Vincent Price, Meryl Streep, Sigourney Weaver, Jodie Foster, Angela Bassett, Patricia Clarkson, Courtney Vance, Frances McDormand, Elia Kazan, George Roy Hill, Edward Norton, Lupita Nyong'o, Allison Williams, Oliver Stone, Sam Waterston, and Michael Cimino; "Father of American football" Walter Camp, James Franco, "The perfect oarsman" Rusty Wailes; baseball players Ron Darling, Bill Hutchinson, and Craig Breslow; basketball player Chris Dudley; football players Gary Fencik, and Calvin Hill; hockey players Chris Higgins and Mike Richter; figure skater Sarah Hughes; swimmer Don Schollander; skier Ryan Max Riley; runner Frank Shorter; composers Charles Ives, Douglas Moore and Cole Porter; Peace Corps founder Sargent Shriver; child psychologist Benjamin Spock; architects Eero Saarinen and Norman Foster; sculptor Richard Serra; film critic Gene Siskel; television commentators Dick Cavett and Anderson Cooper; New York Times journalist David Gonzalez; pundits William F. Buckley, Jr., and Fareed Zakaria; economists Irving Fischer, Mahbub ul Haq, and Paul Krugman; cyclotron inventor and Nobel laureate in Physics, Ernest Lawrence; Human Genome Project director Francis S. Collins; mathematician and chemist Josiah Willard Gibbs; and businesspeople, including Time Magazine co-founder Henry Luce, Morgan Stanley founder Harold Stanley, Boeing CEO James McNerney, FedEx founder Frederick W. Smith, Time Warner president Jeffrey Bewkes, Electronic Arts co-founder Bing Gordon, and investor/philanthropist Sir John Templeton; pioneer in electrical applications Austin Cornelius Dunham.


Premise: Who was eliminated on the Top 3 show?

Hypothesis: Melinda Doolittle was eliminated in the final three.


Premise: Which prophet cared for Mary?

Hypothesis: Zakariya (Zacharias)


Premise: After a bill is assigned a number, what is it made ready for?

Hypothesis: The Statutes at Large present a chronological arrangement of the laws in the exact order that they have been enacted.


Premise: When did the U.S. Supreme Court rule clauses forbidding people from holding public office based on their religion was unenforceable?

Hypothesis: Such clauses were held by the United States Supreme Court to be unenforceable in the 1961 case of Torcaso v. Watkins, when the court ruled unanimously that such clauses constituted a religious test incompatible with First and Fourteenth Amendment protections.


Premise: The last tsar of Russia, Nicholas ll encountered his first elevator at the Hotel Adloin in what city?

Hypothesis: When Nicholas II of Russia visited the Hotel Adlon in Berlin, his courtiers panicked about who would enter the elevator first, and who would press the buttons.


Premise: Which newspaper broke the story about Schwarzenegger's alleged sexual misconduct?

Hypothesis: Within the last five days before the election, news reports appeared in the Los Angeles Times recounting allegations of sexual misconduct from several individual women, six of whom eventually came forward with their personal stories.


Premise: What article, section, and clause of the Constitution requires U.S. presidents to be natural-born citizens?

Hypothesis: Columbia University law professor Michael Dorf observed that Schwarzenegger's possible lawsuit could ultimately win him the right to run for the office, noting, "The law is very clear, but it’s not 100 percent clear that the courts would enforce that law rather than leave it to the political process."


Premise: what do the millions in grants given to news agencies do

Hypothesis: Millions of dollars of grants to news organizations have funded reporting on education and higher education, including more than $1.4 million to the Education Writers Association to fund training for journalists who cover education.


Premise: Which precious metal did Biezma discover?

Hypothesis: In 1631 Juan Rangel de Biezma discovered a rich vein of silver, and subsequently established San Jose del Parral near the site.


Premise: Where were there riots in June 2012?

Hypothesis: As of June 2012[update], Pakistan's electricity problems were so severe that violent riots were taking place across Punjab.


Premise: Who was George's predecessor?

Hypothesis: The fear that George would be compared unfavourably to his predecessor, Edward VIII, was dispelled.


Premise: Why are scholars concerned with analysis of the Gospels over the letters?

Hypothesis: Although biblical books that are letters, like Greek plays, presumably had one original, the question of whether some biblical books, like the Gospels, ever had just one original has been discussed.


Premise: How much land is the state of Alaska provided by the Alaska Statehood Act?

Hypothesis: The University of Alaska, as a land grant university, also owns substantial acreage which it manages independently.


Premise: Which famous clothing company was BYU alumnus Matthew K. McCauley CEO of?

Hypothesis: BYU alumni in academia include former Dean of the Harvard Business School Kim B. Clark, two time world's most influential business thinker Clayton M. Christensen, Michael K. Young '73, current president of the University of Washington, Matthew S. Holland, current president of Utah Valley University, Stan L. Albrecht, current president of Utah State University, Teppo Felin, Professor at the University of Oxford, and Stephen D. Nadauld, previous president of Dixie State University.


Premise: What phrase describing dogs is used in different languages?

Hypothesis: Dogs have lived and worked with humans in so many roles that they have earned the unique nickname, "man's best friend", a phrase used in other languages as well.


Premise: What does hot air solder leveling ensure the coated copper will have?

Hypothesis: Traditionally, any exposed copper was coated with solder by hot air solder levelling (HASL).


Premise: The Republic of Cyprus does not have de jure sovereignty over what two British territories?

Hypothesis: The occupation is viewed as illegal under international law, amounting to illegal occupation of EU territory since Cyprus became a member of the European Union.


Premise: What character in The Great Gatsby wrote editorials for the Yale News?

Hypothesis: The narrator, Nick Carraway, wrote a series of editorials for the Yale News, and Tom Buchanan was "one of the most powerful ends that ever played football" for Yale.


Premise: What kind of government is in operation in the United Kingdom?

Hypothesis: In India, The Prime Minister is referred to as "Pradhan Mantri", meaning "prime minister".


Premise: Who conducted a study about the origins of "Latinos"?

Hypothesis: According to a study by Dr. Paul Brest, Hispanics or "Latinos" include immigrants who are descendants of immigrants from the countries comprising Central and South America.


Premise: Who wrote the poem Die Alpen?

Hypothesis: Schiller later wrote the play William Tell romanticising Swiss independence.


Premise: What farmers use integrated pest management strategies?

Hypothesis: On monoculture farms, the approach is generally to eradicate associated diversity using a suite of biologically destructive pesticides, mechanized tools and transgenic engineering techniques, then to rotate crops.


Premise: Who did Russia help during the Hungarian Revolution?

Hypothesis: The United Kingdom could not tolerate Russian dominance of Ottoman affairs, as that would challenge the British domination of the eastern Mediterranean.


Premise: What was included in this quest for knowledge of the belief system?

Hypothesis: For the next 70 years, however, neither Valla nor any of his contemporaries thought to apply the techniques of philology to other controversial manuscripts in this way.


Premise: Carrefour was boycotted because of which shareholder?

Hypothesis: Some shoppers who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming were blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles.


Premise: What groups of organisms are closely related to each other?

Hypothesis: These two domains, along with Eukarya, are the basis of the three-domain system, which is currently the most widely used classification system in microbiolology.


Premise: How many consecutive years did either the performance or results show rank number one?

Hypothesis: It holds the distinction of having the longest winning streak in the Nielsen annual television ratings; it became the highest-rated of all television programs in the United States overall for an unprecedented seven consecutive years, or eight consecutive (and total) years when either its performance or result show was ranked number one overall.


Premise: What document defines how much money is transferred from the United States to the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: Under terms of the Amended Compact of Free Association, the U.S. is committed to provide US$57.7 million per year in assistance to the Marshall Islands (RMI) through 2013, and then US$62.7 million through 2023, at which time a trust fund, made up of U.S. and RMI contributions, will begin perpetual annual payouts.


Premise: What are the women who stormy city halls allowed to do to any passing man?

Hypothesis: On Carnival Thursday (called "Old Women Day" or "The Women's Day") in commemoration of an 1824 revolt by washer-women, women storm city halls, cut men's ties, and are allowed to kiss any passing man.


Premise: Polymophism is a developmental and reproductive what?

Hypothesis: Other developmental and reproductive variations include haplodiploidy, polymorphism, paedomorphosis or peramorphosis, sexual dimorphism, parthenogenesis and more rarely hermaphroditism.:143


Premise: What culture did the peoples who would be called Sumerian have a part in?

Hypothesis: It has been suggested by them and others, that the Sumerian language was originally that of the hunter and fisher peoples, who lived in the marshland and the Eastern Arabia littoral region, and were part of the Arabian bifacial culture.


Premise: What type of knowledge did Schopenhauer believe the ideal to be?

Hypothesis: He defined the ideal as being mental pictures that constitute subjective knowledge.


Premise: What was the name of the cursive script that gave expression to spoken words?

Hypothesis: Two types of phonetic Japanese script: katakana, a simplified script that was developed by using parts of Chinese characters, was abbreviated to hiragana, a cursive syllabary with a distinct writing method that was uniquely Japanese.


Premise: Who was murdered on 6 August, 1936?

Hypothesis: On 6 August, Falangist soldiers near Guadarrama murdered club president Josep Sunyol, a representative of the pro-independence political party.


Premise: In 1941, how did Winston Churchill refer to the mass killings of Russian prisoners of war?

Hypothesis: In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, described the policies of systematic murder founded by the Nazis as genocide.


Premise: What pub holds the Guinness World Record as the oldest in England?

Hypothesis: Ye Olde Fighting Cocks in St Albans, Hertfordshire, holds the Guinness World Record for the oldest pub in England, as it is an 11th-century structure on an 8th-century site.


Premise: How many people die per year from asthma?

Hypothesis: As of 2011, 235–330 million people worldwide are affected by asthma, and approximately 250,000–345,000 people die per year from the disease.


Premise: Which site was eventually chosen by the Delhi Town Planning Committee?

Hypothesis: Eventually, owing to space constraints and the presence of a large number of heritage sites in the North side, the committee settled on the South site.


Premise: What year did FOX announce the cancellation of American Idol?

Hypothesis: The popularity of American Idol however declined, and on May 11, 2015, Fox announced that the series would conclude its run in its fifteenth season.


Premise: What area is under sea level?

Hypothesis: The only major areas of lower land are in the north (part of the Fergana Valley), and in the southern Kofarnihon and Vakhsh river valleys, which form the Amu Darya.


Premise: What evidence of previous rule is evident in the buildings in Burma ?

Hypothesis: Colonial architectural influences are most evident in major cities such as Yangon.


Premise: What is the process used to harden the asphalt?

Hypothesis: The resulting material is typically further treated to extract small but valuable amounts of lubricants and to adjust the properties of the material to suit applications.


Premise: What year were the streets of downtown New Haven redesigned to resemble for the filming of the Crystal Skull?

Hypothesis: Several downtown streets were closed to traffic and received a "makeover" to look like streets of 1957, when the film is set.


Premise: In what type of organism will a specialized form of cell division called meiosis produce cells called gametes?

Hypothesis: Two gametes fuse to form a diploid fertilized egg, a single cell that has two sets of genes, with one copy of each gene from the mother and one from the father.:20


Premise: Around what year was the Greek Revival added to the repertory?

Hypothesis: John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of the late Georgian era known as The Regency style, he was responsible for designing large areas of London.


Premise: Where would the Byzantine church of the Lazarium be located today?

Hypothesis: An exceptionally well preserved, carpet-like mosaic floor was uncovered in 1949 in Bethany, the early Byzantine church of the Lazarium which was built between 333 and 390.


Premise: When was the Early Agricultural period?

Hypothesis: The Early Ceramic period occupation of Tucson saw the first extensive use of pottery vessels for cooking and storage.


Premise: When is assent effective if the presiding officers inform their houses at different times?

Hypothesis: This is important because, under British Law, unless there is any provision to the contrary, an act takes effect on the date on which it receives royal assent and that date is not regarded as being the date when the letters patent are signed, or when they are delivered to the presiding officers of each house, but the date on which both houses have been formally acquainted of the assent.


Premise: What Mexican mayor tried to crack down on crime immensely?

Hypothesis: Under policies enacted by Mayor Marcelo Ebrard between 2009 and 2011, Mexico City underwent a major security upgrade with violent and petty crime rates both falling significantly despite the rise in violent crime in other parts of the country.


Premise: What non-professionals might use immersion etching, since it's the easiest way to make a PCB?

Hypothesis: The simplest method, used for small-scale production and often by hobbyists, is immersion etching, in which the board is submerged in etching solution such as ferric chloride.


Premise: What are the main concerns Eritreans speak about in terms of female circumcision?

Hypothesis: They cite health concerns and individual freedom as being of primary concern when they say this.


Premise: The Rise of the Samurai expansion for Total War: Shogun 2 depicts which war during the Heian period?

Hypothesis: It allows the player to make their own version of the Gempei War which happened during the Heian period.


Premise: When was the Antikythera mechanism used?

Hypothesis: The level of achievement in Hellenistic astronomy and engineering is impressively shown by the Antikythera mechanism (150-100 BC), an analog computer for calculating the position of planets.


Premise: Why has the water supply shrunk in previous years?

Hypothesis: The country relies heavily on rain to provide household water, but in the past 30 years average yearly precipitation has decreased.


Premise: How much of the population of Honduras is of full-blooded indigenous descent?

Hypothesis: The main concentration of indigenous in Honduras are in the rural westernmost areas facing Guatemala and to the Caribbean Sea coastline, as well on the Nicaraguan border.


Premise: How many factories had strikes on October 26?

Hypothesis: From October 26–28, the Zelenyi Svit (Friends of the Earth – Ukraine) environmental association held its founding congress, and on October 27 the Ukrainian Supreme Soviet passed a law eliminating the special status of party and other official organizations.


Premise: Who was the FA secretary in 1871?

Hypothesis: In 1863, the newly founded Football Association (the FA) published the Laws of the Game of Association Football, unifying the various different rules in use before then.


Premise: What version of Windows 8 is Enterprise N?

Hypothesis: However, only a day after its release to manufacturing, a copy of the final version of Windows 8 Enterprise N (a version for European markets lacking bundled media players to comply with a court ruling) leaked online, followed by leaks of the final versions of Windows 8 Pro and Enterprise a few days later.


Premise: What year did season seven of American Idol first air?

Hypothesis: Contestant David Hernandez also attracted some attention due to his past employment as a stripper.


Premise: What band supports Beyonce in her tours?

Hypothesis: In 2006, Beyoncé introduced her all-female tour band Suga Mama (also the name of a song in B'Day) which includes bassists, drummers, guitarists, horn players, keyboardists and percussionists.


Premise: The term Ashkenazi also refers to what?

Hypothesis: Two other major forms of nusach among Ashkenazic Jews are Nusach Sefard (not to be confused with the Sephardic ritual), which is the general Polish Hasidic nusach, and Nusach Ari, as used by Lubavitch Hasidim.


Premise: What grades does the Rudlin Torah academy serve?

Hypothesis: Kahal Kadosh Beth Shalom was the sixth congregation in the United States.


Premise: What decade showed a change in the way people kept dogs as pets?

Hypothesis: From the 1980s, there have been changes in the role of the pet dog, such as the increased role of dogs in the emotional support of their human guardians.


Premise: When was The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication by Charles Darwin published?

Hypothesis: However, inherited variation could be seen, and Darwin's concept of selection working on a population with a range of small variations was workable.


Premise: What is the name of the travel magazine sold by The Times?

Hypothesis: This 164-page monthly magazine is sold separately from the newspaper of record and is Britain's best-selling travel magazine.


Premise: How many UEFA Championship League titles has Barcelona won?

Hypothesis: In international club football, Barcelona has won five UEFA Champions League titles, a record four UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, a shared record five UEFA Super Cup, a record three Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and a record three FIFA Club World Cup trophies.


Premise: What does the initiative specifically target?

Hypothesis: An example of a state initiative to promote nutrition literacy is Smart Bodies, a public-private partnership between the state’s largest university system and largest health insurer, Louisiana State Agricultural Center and Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana Foundation.


Premise: What actor portrays Mr. Hinx in Spectre?

Hypothesis: The story sees Bond pitted against the global criminal organisation Spectre, marking the group's first appearance in an Eon Productions film since 1971's Diamonds Are Forever,[N 2] and tying Craig's series of films together with an overarching storyline.


Premise: What center was founded by Melville J. Herskovits in 1948?

Hypothesis: In 1948 prominent anthropologist Melville J. Herskovits founded the Program of African Studies at Northwestern, the first center of its kind at an American academic institution.


Premise: What genre of music is played on The Breeze?

Hypothesis: Commercial radio stations broadcasting to the city include The Breeze, previously The Saint and currently broadcasting Hot adult contemporary music, Capital, previously Power FM and Galaxy and broadcasting popular music, Wave 105 and Heart Hampshire, the latter previously Ocean FM and both broadcasting adult contemporary music, and 106 Jack FM (www.jackradio.com), previously The Coast 106.


Premise: What league do the Carolina Hurricanes belong to?

Hypothesis: In Raleigh many tourists visit the Capital, African American Cultural Complex, Contemporary Art Museum of Raleigh, Gregg Museum of Art & Design at NCSU, Haywood Hall House & Gardens, Marbles Kids Museum, North Carolina Museum of Art, North Carolina Museum of History, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame, Raleigh City Museum, J. C. Raulston Arboretum, Joel Lane House, Mordecai House, Montfort Hall, and the Pope House Museum.


Premise: What does a metastable isotope do to return to ground state from an excited state?

Hypothesis: The isotopes 65Zn, 71Zn, 77Zn and 78Zn each have only one excited state.


Premise: What is the name of the first book Hayek released to revise his stances from Prices and Production?

Hypothesis: Hayek continued his research on monetary and capital theory, revising his theories of the relations between credit cycles and capital structure in Profits, Interest and Investment (1939) and The Pure Theory of Capital (1941), but his reputation as an economic theorist had by then fallen so much that those works were largely ignored, except for scathing critiques by Nicholas Kaldor.


Premise: Which team was the Champion in the 2015 season?

Hypothesis: Starting 2016, each conference will have only four teams as the champion San Jose SaberCats announced in November 2015 that they were ceasing activity for "reasons not associated with League operations."


Premise: What is an example of a modern Dominican Order follower?

Hypothesis: Dominican Associates are Christian women and men; married, single, divorced, and widowed; clergy members and lay persons who were first drawn to and then called to live out the charism and continue the mission of the Dominican Order - to praise, to bless, to preach.


Premise: What kind of plant did these early gardeners seek out?

Hypothesis: Forest gardening was also being used as a food production system in various parts of the world over this period.


Premise: Members of what commission criticized the separation of race and ethnic city on the US Census?

Hypothesis: Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino".


Premise: The American Library Associated ranked To Kill a Mockingbird where on its most frequently challenged books of 2000-2009?

Hypothesis: The American Library Association reported that To Kill a Mockingbird was number 21 of the 100 most frequently challenged books of 2000–2009.


Premise: Where does Tuscon rank in terms of the largest city in the U.S. in 2009?

Hypothesis: In 2009, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in the United States.


Premise: What type of chemical attachment connects ions to the network?

Hypothesis: The modifiers (calcium, lead, lithium, sodium, potassium) alter the network structure; they are usually present as ions, compensated by nearby non-bridging oxygen atoms, bound by one covalent bond to the glass network and holding one negative charge to compensate for the positive ion nearby.


Premise: How much of the Bronx speaks Chinese at home?

Hypothesis: A Garifuna-speaking community from Honduras and Guatemala also makes the Bronx its home.


Premise: Which magazine interviewed Brian May about Live Aid?

Hypothesis: Brian May stated: "I'd never seen anything like that in my life and it wasn't calculated either.


Premise: The condition of being disturbed is what?

Hypothesis: As such, "suffering" is too narrow a translation with "negative emotional connotations"[web 9] that can give the impression that the Buddhist view is pessimistic, but Buddhism seeks to be neither pessimistic nor optimistic, but realistic.


Premise: What are main laguages of immigrants?

Hypothesis: Additionally, Greek, Armenian and Italian are the main languages of immigrants.


Premise: In what year did Rosenberg exhibit Cubist works at  Galerie de l’Effort Moderne?

Hypothesis: Attempts were made by Louis Vauxcelles to claim that Cubism was dead, but these exhibitions, along with a well-organized Cubist show at the 1920 Salon des Indépendants and a revival of the Salon de la Section d’Or in the same year, demonstrated it was still alive.


Premise: What does the Lancashire economy rely on?

Hypothesis: The Lancashire economy relies strongly on the M6 motorway which runs from north to south, past Lancaster and Preston.


Premise: Which type loan would the consumer be put into instead of the 1% or 1.5% interest rate loan as advertised?

Hypothesis: Whereas the advertisement might state that 1% or 1.5% interest would be charged, the consumer would be put into an adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) in which the interest charged would be greater than the amount of interest paid.


Premise: When did usage of Middle Persian script fall off?

Hypothesis: This development probably occurred some time during the second half of the 8th century, when the old middle Persian script began dwindling in usage.


Premise: What did John Calvin claim Jesus could have done?

Hypothesis: John Calvin supported the "agent of God" Christology and argued that in his trial in Pilate's Court Jesus could have successfully argued for his innocence, but instead submitted to crucifixion in obedience to the Father.


Premise: What was London's estimated population at the time of the 2011 census?

Hypothesis: However, the population then grew by just over a million between the 2001 and 2011 Censuses, to reach 8,173,941 in the latter enumeration.


Premise: Which Danish King was responsible for the Stockholm Bloodbath?

Hypothesis: In an attempt to subdue the Swedes, King Christian II of Denmark had large numbers of the Swedish aristocracy killed in the Stockholm Bloodbath of 1520.


Premise: Who censured Kant for his agnostic tautology?

Hypothesis: Friedrich Nietzsche argued that Kant commits an agnostic tautology and does not offer a satisfactory answer as to the source of a philosophical right to such-or-other metaphysical claims; he ridicules his pride in tackling "the most difficult thing that could ever be undertaken on behalf of metaphysics.


Premise: What does UCR focus on?

Hypothesis: The UCR focuses its data collection on violent crimes, hate crimes, and property crimes.


Premise: Who stated that energy costs with a wind, solar, water system should be similar to today's energy costs?

Hypothesis: Mark Z. Jacobson, professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University and director of its Atmosphere and Energy Program says producing all new energy with wind power, solar power, and hydropower by 2030 is feasible and existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050.


Premise: Which country did Skyfall move its pre-title sequence filming to?

Hypothesis: Whilst filming in Mexico City, speculation in the media claimed that the script had been altered to accommodate the demands of Mexican authorities—reportedly influencing details of the scene and characters, casting choices, and modifying the script in order to portray the country in a "positive light"—in order to secure tax concessions and financial support worth up to $20 million for the film.


Premise: When did Estonia unite with the WTO?

Hypothesis: Estonia joined the WTO in November 1999.


Premise: Greece is ranked as what member of ESA?

Hypothesis: Greece has been a member of the European Space Agency (ESA) since 2005.


Premise: Which famous quartet calls Cork it's home?

Hypothesis: Cork is home to the RTÉ Vanbrugh Quartet, and to many musical acts, including John Spillane, The Frank And Walters, Sultans of Ping, Simple Kid, Microdisney, Fred, Mick Flannery and the late Rory Gallagher.


Premise: What did the U.S. share with China?

Hypothesis: On May 16, rescue groups from South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Russia and Taiwan arrived to join the rescue effort.


Premise: How long did Portugal's decline last?

Hypothesis: This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil.


Premise: What architectural style was the 1919 Broad Street Union Station constructed in?

Hypothesis: Nearby on Broad Street is the Science Museum of Virginia, housed in the neoclassical former 1919 Broad Street Union Station.


Premise: He was elected pope after how many ballots?

Hypothesis: Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile,[b] and after eleven ballots, was elected to succeed the late Pius XII, so it came as no surprise to him, though he had arrived at the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice.[citation needed]


Premise: What is jupiter?

Hypothesis: Details also began to surface about a new application framework for Windows 8 codenamed "Jupiter", which would be used to make "immersive" applications using XAML (similarly to Windows Phone and Silverlight) that could be distributed via a new packaging system and a rumored application store.


Premise: Which group of nations did Nguesso side the Congo with?

Hypothesis: Sassou Nguesso aligned the country with the Eastern Bloc and signed a twenty-year friendship pact with the Soviet Union.


Premise: Who was responsible for yet another definition of the philosophy in 1856?

Hypothesis: The coinage gained universal acceptance in 1856, when German historian and philologist Georg Voigt used humanism to describe Renaissance humanism, the movement that flourished in the Italian Renaissance to revive classical learning, a use which won wide acceptance among historians in many nations, especially Italy.


Premise: How many airlines use Tribhuvan International for international flights?

Hypothesis: At present, about 22 international airlines connect Nepal to other destinations in Europe, Asia and the Middle East, to cities such as Istanbul, Delhi, Kolkata, Singapore, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Dhaka, Islamabad, Paro, Lhasa, Chengdu, and Guangzhou.


Premise: In what decade did drinking chilled pale lager become popular?

Hypothesis: Beer served unchilled—either cool or at room temperature, reveal more of their flavours.


Premise: At what university is this issue of accurate consensus for Greeks living elsewhere being debated an

Hypothesis: The total number of Greeks living outside Greece and Cyprus today is a contentious issue.


Premise: What are someplaces that you could study drama and therter in Cork?

Hypothesis: The Cork School of Music and the Crawford College of Art and Design provide a throughput of new blood, as do the active theatre components of several courses at University College Cork (UCC).


Premise: What are traditional pub windows made out of?

Hypothesis: , there has been a move towards clear glass, in keeping with brighter interiors.


Premise: What other parish besides St. John's Parish is  mostly an incorporated rural parish?

Hypothesis: When the city of Charleston was formed, it was defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Philip and St. Michael, now also includes parts of St. James' Parish, St. George's Parish, St. Andrew's Parish, and St. John's Parish, although the last two are mostly still incorporated rural parishes.


Premise: What is post-punk?

Hypothesis: Additionally, the accuracy of the term's chronological prefix "post" has been disputed, as various groups commonly labeled post-punk in fact predate the punk rock movement.


Premise: What was Albert's nickname as he toured coal mines, factories, and railyards?

Hypothesis: He represented his father, and toured coal mines, factories, and railyards.


Premise: Are adolescents with authoritative parents more or less likely to complete secondary education by age 22?

Hypothesis: Adolescents who have a good relationship with their parents are less likely to engage in various risk behaviors, such as smoking, drinking, fighting, and/or unprotected sexual intercourse.


Premise: What happened to the pilots that were in the aircraft shot down?

Hypothesis: It crashed in the city and both pilots died from their injuries.


Premise: Who previously applied for a patent for an iPod-like device?

Hypothesis: Kane Kramer applied for a UK patent for his design of a "plastic music box" in 1981, which he called the IXI.


Premise: When did Nintendo announce both versions of Twilight Princess would be available at the Wii launch?

Hypothesis: At E3 2006, Nintendo announced that both versions would be available at the Wii launch, and had a playable version of Twilight Princess for the Wii.[p]


Premise: How many spots did Southampton lose in the "fittest city" rankings for 2007?

Hypothesis: In 2007, it had slipped one place behind London, but was still ranked first when it came to the parks and green spaces available for exercise and the amount of television watched by Sotonians was the lowest in the country.


Premise: What is the oldest era in Egypt?

Hypothesis: It has been in contact with many other civilisations and nations and has been through so many eras, starting from prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages.


Premise: What did China and Russia both do in 2008 ?

Hypothesis: In January 2007, Russia and China vetoed a draft resolution before the United Nations Security Council calling on the government of Myanmar to respect human rights and begin a democratic transition.


Premise: How many All-Ireland Championships has Cork won?

Hypothesis: Gaelic football is also popular, and Cork has won 7 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship titles.


Premise: What was the screen size of the Digimon toy?

Hypothesis: The small areas of the screens (16 by 16 pixels) meant that character designers had to create monsters whose forms would be easily recognizable.


Premise: In what year did Smile change their name to Queen?

Hypothesis: In late 1970, after Staffell left to join the band Humpy Bong, the remaining Smile members, encouraged by Bulsara, changed their name to "Queen" and continued working together.


Premise: How many countries were the institutions teaching anthropology located in?

Hypothesis: By 1898 the American Association for the Advancement of Science was able to report that 48 educational institutions in 13 countries had some curriculum in anthropology.


Premise: What new domain designation should a museum use?

Hypothesis: Currently, no restrictions are enforced on registration of .com or .org, so one can find organizations of all sorts in either of these domains, as well as other top-level domains including newer, more specific ones which may apply to particular sorts of organizations such as .museum for museums or .coop for cooperatives.


Premise: Which contestant had eight surgeries during his Idol run?

Hypothesis: Finalist Phillip Phillips suffered from kidney pain and was taken to the hospital before the Top 13 results show, and later received medical procedure to alleviate a blockage caused by kidney stones.


Premise: What river flows into the River Thames?

Hypothesis: Both structures are on South Bank, at a natural crossing point where the River Effra flows into the River Thames.


Premise: What edict did Pope Pius XXIII issue regarding the body of Christ?

Hypothesis: He thanked the representatives of other Christian communities for their attendance and asked for their forgiveness if the Catholic Church is guilty for the separation.


Premise: Zhejiang cuisine is one of how many great traditions of Chinese cuisine?

Hypothesis: Longjing tea (also called dragon well tea), originating in Hangzhou, is one of the most prestigious, if not the most prestigious Chinese tea.


Premise: What is the average annual rainfall of Guam?

Hypothesis: The mean high temperature is 86 °F (30 °C) and mean low is 76 °F (24 °C) with an average annual rainfall of 96 inches (2,180 mm).


Premise: What program did Creative join in order to make iPod peripherals?

Hypothesis: Apple will pay Creative US$100 million for a paid-up license, to use Creative's awarded patent in all Apple products.


Premise: Which theater has it's own musical company?

Hypothesis: The Theater für Niedersachsen is another big theatre in Hanover, which also has an own Musical-Company.


Premise: Who did Madonna's look and style of dressing influence?

Hypothesis: Madonna's look and style of dressing, her performances, and her music videos influenced young girls and women.


Premise: What was one of the main concerns of this literature on how schooling and earnings?

Hypothesis: Some students who have indicated a high potential for learning, by testing with a high intelligence quotient, may not achieve their full academic potential, due to financial difficulties.[citation needed]


Premise: How did his early relationships play a role later when Gaddafi  became a ruler?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud.


Premise: How long of a contract did Sheinberg give Spielberg?

Hypothesis: It made him the youngest director ever to be signed for a long-term deal with a major Hollywood studio.:548