Premise: Ring-porous hardwoods have a clear relationship between their properties and what other factor?

Hypothesis: This may be briefly summed up in the general statement that the more rapid the growth or the wider the rings of growth, the heavier, harder, stronger, and stiffer the wood.


Premise: Where has haze been predominant?

Hypothesis: The two worst regional hazes were in 1997 and 2006 in which multiple countries were covered with thick haze, mostly caused by "slash and burn" activities in Sumatra and Borneo.


Premise: What areas of San Diego are primarily served by the trolley?

Hypothesis: San Diego is served by the San Diego Trolley light rail system, by the SDMTS bus system, and by Coaster and Amtrak Pacific Surfliner commuter rail; northern San Diego county is also served by the Sprinter light rail line.


Premise: How does traffic travel on the last block of the 20th, 21st, and 22nd Streets?

Hypothesis: 20th Street starts at Avenue C, and 21st and 22nd Streets begin at First Avenue.


Premise: What percentage of potentially habitable modes have Tetrapods not yet invaded?

Hypothesis: The existence of a "global carrying capacity", limiting the amount of life that can live at once, is debated, as is the question of whether such a limit would also cap the number of species.


Premise: What is the minority religion?

Hypothesis: Only 14% of the population speaks Portuguese, established as the official language in the colonial period.


Premise: How many teams participate in the Notre Dame Bookstore Basketball tournament?

Hypothesis: The annual Bookstore Basketball tournament is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world with over 700 teams participating each year, while the Notre Dame Men's Boxing Club hosts the annual Bengal Bouts tournament that raises money for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh.


Premise: What kinds of sea faring sports are available in Cork?

Hypothesis: The Royal Cork Yacht Club located in Crosshaven (outside the city) is the world's oldest yacht club, and "Cork Week" is a notable sailing event.


Premise: Which city notably opted not to become carbon neutral in 2009?

Hypothesis: Melbourne has one of the largest urban footprints in the world due to its low density housing, resulting in a vast suburban sprawl, with a high level of car dependence and minimal public transport outside of inner areas.


Premise: In what decade did Damásio and LeDoux do notable work?

Hypothesis: Important neurological advances were derived from these perspectives in the 1990s by Joseph E. LeDoux and António Damásio.


Premise: In which country is Ephesus?

Hypothesis: In the 19th century, a house near Ephesus in Turkey was found, based on the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich, an Augustinian nun in Germany.


Premise: Along with Marshallese, what is the official language of the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: Almost the entire population of the islands practises some religion, with three-quarters of the country either following the United Church of Christ – Congregational in the Marshall Islands (UCCCMI) or the Assemblies of God.


Premise: How much of the population returned in four months?

Hypothesis: The lack of bombing in the Phoney War contributed significantly to the return of people to the cities, but class conflict was not eased a year later when evacuation operations had to be put into effect again.


Premise: Who depicts the history of science in a wider matrix?

Hypothesis: From the 18th century through late 20th century, the history of science, especially of the physical and biological sciences, was often presented in a progressive narrative in which true theories replaced false beliefs.


Premise: In which year did his wife die?

Hypothesis: She died in 1945.


Premise: What change from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not easy to mark?

Hypothesis: In fact, it is sometimes difficult to draw a clear line between agricultural and hunter-gatherer societies, especially since the widespread adoption of agriculture and resulting cultural diffusion that has occurred in the last 10,000 years.[citation needed]


Premise: What was the second largest denomination in North carolina in 2010?

Hypothesis: As of 2010 the Southern Baptist Church was the biggest denomination, with 4,241 churches and 1,513,000 members; the second largest was the United Methodist Church, with 660,000 members and 1,923 churches.


Premise: Where is the centre of London said to be located?

Hypothesis: The city is split by the River Thames into North and South, with an informal central London area in its interior.


Premise: Which magazine wrote about youtube in a 2009 article on user comments?

Hypothesis: The Guardian in 2009 described users' comments on YouTube as:


Premise: How does the city prevent flooding?

Hypothesis: This valley has no natural drainage outlet for the waters that flow from the mountainsides, making the city vulnerable to flooding.


Premise: What city has more Fortune 500 headquarters than Houston?

Hypothesis: It is home to many cultural institutions and exhibits, which attract more than 7 million visitors a year to the Museum District.


Premise: The name Destiny's Child was based on a quote in which book of the Bible?

Hypothesis: The group changed their name to Destiny's Child in 1996, based upon a passage in the Book of Isaiah.


Premise: Studies that people are better off with dogs have been criticized for being what?

Hypothesis: Earlier studies have shown that people who keep pet dogs or cats exhibit better mental and physical health than those who do not, making fewer visits to the doctor and being less likely to be on medication than non-guardians.


Premise: What Ottoman empire controlled lands contributed to the centre of transactions between East and West ?

Hypothesis: I resulted in the emergence of a new state, Turkey, in the Ottoman Anatolian heartland following the Turkish War of Independence, as well as the founding of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern states and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire.


Premise: What religious festival is also known as the festival of light?

Hypothesis: The Qutub Festival is a cultural event during which performances of musicians and dancers from all over India are showcased at night, with the Qutub Minar as the chosen backdrop of the event.


Premise: On what continent was the Book of Healing finally available fifty years after its composition?

Hypothesis: Avicenna's psychology and theory of knowledge influenced William of Auvergne, Bishop of Paris and Albertus Magnus, while his metaphysics had an impact on the thought of Thomas Aquinas.


Premise: How many Vietnamese residents are there in Seattle?

Hypothesis: The Seattle area is also home to a large Vietnamese population of more than 55,000 residents, as well as over 30,000 Somali immigrants.


Premise: Roughly how many farms are located in Tennesee?

Hypothesis: Soybeans are also heavily planted in West Tennessee, focusing on the northwest corner of the state.


Premise: When did Finland leave the Russian Empire?

Hypothesis: Russian is spoken by 1.4% of the population of Finland according to a 2014 estimate from the World Factbook.


Premise: Why did the anti-miscegenation not insure that there was no interracial mixing?

Hypothesis: White legislators passed laws prohibiting marriage between European and Asian Americans until the 1950s.


Premise: What is the general opinion of Whitehead in most philosophical schools?

Hypothesis: It is impossible to say exactly why Whitehead's influence has not been more widespread, but it may be partly due to his metaphysical ideas seeming somewhat counter-intuitive (such as his assertion that matter is an abstraction), or his inclusion of theistic elements in his philosophy, or the perception of metaphysics itself as passé, or simply the sheer difficulty and density of his prose.


Premise: How does the Cambridge English Dictionary define "Culture" in short?

Hypothesis: Terror Management Theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the illusion of being individuals of value in a world meaning—raising themselves above the merely physical aspects of existence, in order to deny the animal insignificance and death that Homo Sapiens became aware of when they acquired a larger brain.


Premise: How many hours of community service must a student perform in order to be eligible for the New Haven Promise scholarship?

Hypothesis: The city is home to New Haven Promise, a scholarship funded by Yale University for students who meet the requirements.


Premise: What some of the Museums in Bath

Hypothesis: Other visitor attractions which reflect the cultural heritage of the county include: Claverton Pumping Station, Dunster Working Watermill, the Fleet Air Arm Museum at Yeovilton, Nunney Castle, The Helicopter Museum in Weston-super-Mare, King John's Hunting Lodge in Axbridge, Blake Museum Bridgwater, Radstock Museum, Museum of Somerset in Taunton, the Somerset Rural Life Museum in Glastonbury, and Westonzoyland Pumping Station Museum.


Premise: What term is used to describe the Early Neolithic era in American education?

Hypothesis: These cultures are usually not referred to as belonging to the Neolithic; in America different terms are used such as Formative stage instead of mid-late Neolithic, Archaic Era instead of Early Neolithic and Paleo-Indian for the preceding period.


Premise: In what place did the Everton FC place in the 2004-05 season?

Hypothesis: The Everton board finally ran out of patience with Smith and he was sacked in March 2002 after an FA Cup exit at Middlesbrough, with Everton in real danger of relegation.


Premise: Which one of one's father's surnames is used?

Hypothesis: The law contemplates the possibility of joining both surnames with the Catalan conjunction i ("and").


Premise: On January 1, 2013, the Kulluk was grounded off the coast of which island?

Hypothesis: As the Kulluk oil rig was being towed to the American state of Washington to be serviced in preparation for the 2013 drilling season, a winter storm on 27 December 2012 caused the towing crews, as well as the rescue service, to lose control of the situation.


Premise: What are Egypt's 2 most prominent multinational compnaies?

Hypothesis: The information technology (IT) sector has expanded rapidly in the past few years, with many start-ups selling outsourcing services to North America and Europe, operating with companies such as Microsoft, Oracle and other major corporations, as well as many small and medium size enterprises.


Premise: What government had exploitation rights for bitumen extraction?

Hypothesis: In 1875, the exploitation rights were granted to the Ottoman government and in 1912, they were transferred to the Italian company Simsa.


Premise: When did "Near East" come into use to describe the part of the east closest to Europe?

Hypothesis: It now became relevant to define the east of the eastern question.


Premise: Where was London printing of The Sun moved to?

Hypothesis: In January 2008 the Wapping presses printed The Sun for the last time and London printing was transferred to Waltham Cross in the Borough of Broxbourne in Hertfordshire, where News International had built what is claimed to be the largest printing centre in Europe with 12 presses.


Premise: What did the LEAA say was reduced 10% to 13% in Washington, DC during daylight savings?

Hypothesis: In the 1970s the US Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) found a reduction of 10% to 13% in Washington, D.C.'s violent crime rate during DST.


Premise: What was the name of  the editor who helped Lee finish her book?

Hypothesis: During the next couple of years, she led Lee from one draft to the next until the book finally achieved its finished form and was retitled To Kill a Mockingbird.


Premise: Who owns the land on which Irish comprehensive schools are found?

Hypothesis: The state owns the school property, which is vested in the trustees in perpetuity.


Premise: When did the Eritrean government begin to officially recognize certain churches?

Hypothesis: Among other things, the government's registration system requires religious groups to submit personal information on their membership to be allowed to worship.


Premise: When was the first Indian appointed as a Councillor?

Hypothesis: The first step toward Indian self-rule was the appointment of councillors to advise the British viceroy in 1861 and the first Indian was appointed in 1909.


Premise: From what groups do the supporters of Arsenal come?

Hypothesis: Arsenal fans often refer to themselves as "Gooners", the name derived from the team's nickname, "The Gunners".


Premise: How many submissions does the initiative have?

Hypothesis: With the film she launched the Art for Freedom initiative, which helped to promote "art and free speech as a means to address persecution and injustice across the globe".


Premise: Warriors appointed for specific tasks were called what?

Hypothesis: Under the early courts, when military conscription had been centrally controlled, military affairs had been taken out of the hands of the provincial aristocracy.


Premise: Which two companies produced E6 films meant for "pushing"?

Hypothesis: The manufacturers do not indicate that the 3200 number is an ISO rating on their packaging.


Premise: Who was the subject of Gesta Friderici Imperatoris?

Hypothesis: Often the stories were written down in the chansons de geste, or "songs of great deeds", such as The Song of Roland or The Song of Hildebrand.


Premise: What was the fate of the Lutheran manuscript printed in 1525?

Hypothesis: The book was a Lutheran manuscript, which never reached the reader and was destroyed immediately after publication.


Premise: What did the Organic Articles regulate in France?

Hypothesis: It was presented alongside the Organic Articles, which regulated public worship in France.


Premise: What organisms are described as living on the surface of whales?

Hypothesis: Ectosymbiosis, also referred to as exosymbiosis, is any symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont lives on the body surface of the host, including the inner surface of the digestive tract or the ducts of exocrine glands.


Premise: Which wards elect city council members in the same year as the mayor?

Hypothesis: Both the council members and the mayor serve four-year terms; none face term limits.


Premise: In what year did Nasser start his second term as President?

Hypothesis: He began his second presidential term in March 1965 after his political opponents were banned from running.


Premise: When was BCCI shut down?

Hypothesis: This led to a separate inquiry into BCCI, and as a result, banking regulators shut down BCCI in 1991.


Premise: Why wasn't agriculture successful?

Hypothesis: The colony of Virginia far surpassed Bermuda in both quality and quantity of tobacco produced.


Premise: How did the Portuguese government encourage rooftop solar panels?

Hypothesis: The government aggressively encouraged such contributions by setting a premium price for those who buy rooftop-generated solar electricity.


Premise: What is the number of personnel in the army?

Hypothesis: The Navy (10,700 personnel, of which 1,580 are marines) has five frigates, seven corvettes, two submarines, and 28 patrol and auxiliary vessels.


Premise: When was Chanakya alive?

Hypothesis: An ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy by Kautilya and Viṣhṇugupta, who are traditionally identified with Chāṇakya (c. 350–-283 BCE).


Premise: What was the effect of the Battle of Hakusukinoe?

Hypothesis: One of the most important was that of the Taika Reform, issued by Prince Naka


Premise: In what year did IBM sell its personal computer business?

Hypothesis: In 2005, the company sold its personal computer business to Chinese technology company Lenovo, and in the same year it agreed to acquire Micromuse.


Premise: What was Nasser's position on executing the rioter's leaders?

Hypothesis: The Muslim Brotherhood supported the RCC, and after Naguib's assumption of power, demanded four ministerial portfolios in the new cabinet.


Premise: Why did the CEO of Google think the new software was necessary?

Hypothesis: Google CEO Eric Schmidt regarded this system as necessary for resolving lawsuits such as the one from Viacom, which alleged that YouTube profited from content that it did not have the right to distribute.


Premise: Chorion is another word for what?

Hypothesis: The fertilization and development takes place inside the egg, enclosed by a shell (chorion) that consists of maternal tissue.


Premise: What is lessened by the Yagi-Uda design?

Hypothesis: An antenna's bandwidth specifies the range of frequencies over which its performance does not suffer due to a poor impedance match.


Premise: Which British territory received independence in 1962?

Hypothesis: Britain's last colony on the American mainland, British Honduras, became a self-governing colony in 1964 and was renamed Belize in 1973, achieving full independence in 1981.


Premise: What year was the city renamed Boston?

Hypothesis: The renaming, on September 7, 1630 (Old Style),[b] was by Puritan colonists from England, who had moved over from Charlestown earlier that year in quest of fresh water.


Premise: Carranza threatened war with what country in order to maintain credibility nationally?

Hypothesis: Carranza trying to keep his nationalistic credentials threatened war with the United States.


Premise: Along which two valleys do most inhabitants of Chihuahua live?

Hypothesis: Although Chihuahua is primarily identified with the Chihuahuan Desert for namesake, it has more forests than any other state in Mexico, with the exception of Durango.


Premise: What happened on January 1st 1901?

Hypothesis: On the 1st of January 1901 the nation-state of Australia officially came into existence as a federation.


Premise: In what year was the slogan "We Bring Good Things to Life" first used?

Hypothesis: The changes included a new corporate color palette, small modifications to the GE logo, a new customized font (GE Inspira) and a new slogan, "Imagination at work", composed by David Lucas, to replace the slogan "We Bring Good Things to Life" used since 1979.


Premise: renovations are causing what changes

Hypothesis: Local buses in Utrecht are operated by Qbuzz – its services include a high-frequency service to the Uithof university district.


Premise: Where does Seattle rank in size of economy in 2010?

Hypothesis: Though it was affected by the Great Recession, Seattle has retained a comparatively strong economy, and remains a hotbed for start-up businesses, especially in green building and clean technologies: it was ranked as America's No. 1 "smarter city" based on its government policies and green economy.


Premise: What store did Parkson buy in 2011?

Hypothesis: Parkson enters by acquiring local brand Centro Department Store in 2011.


Premise: In what month was an exhibition game planned for Guangzhou?

Hypothesis: After their successful trip to China to help promote the game, they formally announced plans to further develop AFL China by the fall of 2014 by starting a comprehensive training program in May 2013 with exhibition games planned for the cities of Beijing and Guangzhou in October.


Premise: Chopin is considered a prominent symbol of what?

Hypothesis: His works remain popular, and he has been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying degrees of historical accuracy.


Premise: To what areas has Melbourne dedicated substantial international investment?

Hypothesis: According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Melbourne sustained the highest population increase and economic growth rate of any Australian capital city in the three years ended June 2004.


Premise: What empire conquered most of the subcontinent in the 3rd and 4th centuries BC?

Hypothesis: Most of the subcontinent was conquered by the Maurya Empire during the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE.


Premise: What percentage of Africans make up NYC?

Hypothesis: Hispanics of any race represented 28.6% of the population, while Asians constituted the fastest-growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010; the non-Hispanic white population declined 3 percent, the smallest recorded decline in decades; and for the first time since the Civil War, the number of blacks declined over a decade.


Premise: What was a primary cause of the modification of Roman architectural elements?

Hypothesis: The architectural style of the capital city was emulated by other urban centers under Roman control and influence.


Premise: Why were AC motors used?

Hypothesis: Therefore, DC machines powered by an AC/DC motor generator were the preferred solution.


Premise: What is a common pattern in North America migration?

Hypothesis: A common pattern in North America is clockwise migration, where birds flying North tend to be further West, and flying South tend to shift Eastwards.


Premise: When was The World Solar Challenge started?

Hypothesis: In 1987, when it was founded, the winner's average speed was 67 kilometres per hour (42 mph) and by 2007 the winner's average speed had improved to 90.87 kilometres per hour (56.46 mph).


Premise: What is the benefit to the two countries involved in the  India Look East policy ?

Hypothesis: The country has close relations with neighbouring India and China with several Indian and Chinese companies operating in the country.


Premise: Who wrote Carmen?

Hypothesis: Carmen has since become one of the most popular and frequently-performed operas in the classical canon; Impressionist composers Claude Debussy ((La Mer) and Maurice Ravel (Boléro) also made significant contributions to piano (Clair de lune, Miroirs), orchestra, opera (Palléas et Mélisande), and other musical forms.


Premise: What besides viscosity is a drawback of fused quartz?

Hypothesis: It has excellent thermal shock characteristics, being able to survive immersion in water while red hot.


Premise: What were early record album covers made of?

Hypothesis: The covers of these bound books were wider and taller than the records inside, allowing the record album to be placed on a shelf upright, like a book, suspending the fragile records above the shelf and protecting them.


Premise: How much did Comcast pay for 49% of NBCUniversal in 2013?

Hypothesis: In March 2013, Comcast bought the remaining 49% of NBCUniversal for $16.7 billion.


Premise: What is another category of building that was established during the Romanesque period?

Hypothesis: The important categories of building: the cathedral church, the parish church, the monastery, the castle, the palace, the great hall, the gatehouse, the civic building, had been established in the Romanesque period.


Premise: Who did the Ming dynasty showed favors to?

Hypothesis: Without mentioning the role of the Mongols, China Daily states that it was the successive Qing dynasty which established the title of Dalai Lama and his power in Tibet: "


Premise: What percent is the rotavirus responsible for in diarrheal disease deaths?

Hypothesis: In the case of Rotavirus, which was responsible for around 6% of diarrheal episodes and 20% of diarrheal disease deaths in the children of developing countries, use of a Rotavirus vaccine in trials in 1985 yielded a slight (2-3%) decrease in total diarrheal disease incidence, while reducing overall mortality by 6-10%.


Premise: How old must a citizen of the Marshall Islands be to vote?

Hypothesis: The government of the Marshall Islands operates under a mixed parliamentary-presidential system as set forth in its Constitution.


Premise: In what part of Manhattan is the Museum Mile located?

Hypothesis: The Mile, which contains one of the densest displays of culture in the world, is actually three blocks longer than one mile (1.6 km).


Premise: How has L.A. Reid described her?

Hypothesis: According to Barbara Ellen of The Guardian Beyoncé is the most in-charge female artist she's seen onstage, while Alice Jones of The Independent wrote she "takes her role as entertainer so seriously she's almost too good."


Premise: From 1990 to 2010 what was improvement in piped water supply to urban areas?

Hypothesis: Among the achievements are an increase of piped water supply between 1990 and 2010 from 89% to 100% in urban areas and from 39% to 93% in rural areas despite rapid population growth, the elimination of open defecation in rural areas during the same period, and in general a relatively high level of investment in infrastructure.


Premise: What happened after Kanye made his controversial statement?

Hypothesis: At this point, telethon producer Rick Kaplan cut off the microphone and then cut away to Chris Tucker, who was unaware of the cut for a few seconds.


Premise: Why is Brazil an exception?

Hypothesis: Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities.


Premise: When did a group of researchers decide to sequence the genomic structure of tetraploid cotton?

Hypothesis: They agreed on a strategy to sequence the genome of cultivated, tetraploid cotton.


Premise: How many times was Seoul captured in a year?

Hypothesis: In the last two weeks of February 1951, Operation Roundup was followed by Operation Killer, carried out by the revitalized Eighth Army.


Premise: Who was the first president of the AFL?

Hypothesis: Jerry Kurz also stepped down as commissioner of the AFL as he was promoted to be the AFL's first president.


Premise: What equipment did the Iraqi army possess?

Hypothesis: Before the war, many observers believed the US and its allies could win but might suffer substantial casualties (certainly more than any conflict since Vietnam), and that the tank battles across the harsh desert might rival those of North Africa during World War II.


Premise: Where were most of the slaves in North Carolina located?

Hypothesis: They were also concentrated in the eastern coastal plain, especially at port cities such as Wilmington and New Bern, where a variety of jobs were available.


Premise: Which company redesigned the rapid fire 2 cm FlaK 30?

Hypothesis: The first, the 3.7 cm FlaK 18 developed by Rheinmetall in the early 1930s, was basically an enlarged 2 cm FlaK 30.


Premise: What is the English name of Sulami's major work?

Hypothesis: Sulami's major commentary is a book named haqaiq al-tafsir ("Truths of Exegesis") which is a compilation of commentaries of earlier Sufis.


Premise: what was the name of the big dance club in Manchester UK in the late 80s?

Hypothesis: By late 1987, DJs such as Trevor Fung, Paul Oakenfold and Danny Rampling were bringing the Ibiza sound to UK clubs such as the Haçienda in Manchester, and in London clubs such as Shoom in Southwark, Heaven, Future and Spectrum.


Premise: Where is corruption most noticeable?

Hypothesis: Local political interception of donated money from overseas is especially prevalent in Sub-Saharan African nations, where it was reported in the 2006 World Bank Report that about half of the funds that were donated for health usages were never invested into the health sectors or given to those needing medical attention.


Premise: How many Jews were burned to death in 1349?

Hypothesis: The deadly bubonic plague of 1348 was followed on 14 February 1349 by one of the first and worst pogroms in pre-modern history: over a thousand Jews were publicly burnt to death, with the remainder of the Jewish population being expelled from the city.


Premise: What does a earthworms digestive systme consist of?

Hypothesis: When the churning is complete, the glands in the walls of the gizzard add enzymes to the thick paste, which helps chemically breakdown the organic matter.


Premise: Who was executed on October 30, 2012?

Hypothesis: Of the 12 prisoners whom Nevada has executed since 1976, 11 waived their rights to appeal.


Premise: What did Kanye West not have that made record companies turn him down?

Hypothesis: Though he had developed his rapping long before he began producing, it was often a challenge for West to be accepted as a rapper, and he struggled to attain a record deal.


Premise: How many national wildlife refuges are in Oklahoma?

Hypothesis: With 39,000 acres (158 km2), the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in north-central Oklahoma is the largest protected area of tallgrass prairie in the world and is part of an ecosystem that encompasses only 10 percent of its former land area, once covering 14 states.


Premise: What purpose does Selenizza have in the drilling industry?

Hypothesis: Other typical applications include the production of mastic asphalts for sidewalks, bridges, car-parks and urban roads as well as drilling fluid additives for the oil and gas industry.


Premise: What is monotheism?

Hypothesis: Monotheism is the belief in the existence of one God or in the oneness of God.


Premise: Why did some Chinese citizens qualify for benefits?

Hypothesis: Chinese people who arrived in the country after the end of apartheid do not qualify for such benefits.


Premise: Where does most of Greece's renewable energy come from?

Hypothesis: 10% of the country's renewable energy comes from solar power, while most comes from biomass and waste recycling.


Premise: What part of a tree opens and spreads out more as it matures?

Hypothesis: As a tree reaches maturity its crown becomes more open and the annual wood production is lessened, thereby reducing still more the width of the growth rings.


Premise: What is unique about the Bronx's location?

Hypothesis: Of the five boroughs, the Bronx is the only one on the U.S. mainland and, with a land area of 42 square miles (109 km2) and a population of 1,438,159 in 2014, has the fourth largest land area, the fourth highest population, and the third-highest population density.


Premise: What Prime Minister objected to the name change?

Hypothesis: The British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, and Elizabeth's grandmother, Queen Mary, favoured the retention of the House of Windsor, and so on 9 April 1952 Elizabeth issued a declaration that Windsor would continue to be the name of the royal house.


Premise: In what neighborhood is the Fred Hutchington Cancer Research Center located?

Hypothesis: The University District is home to the University of Washington Medical Center which, along with Harborview, is operated by the University of Washington.


Premise: In a tape drive, what is not needed if a torque motor is used?

Hypothesis: A common application of a torque motor would be the supply- and take-up reel motors in a tape drive.


Premise: Street lights help reduce?

Hypothesis: Segmented sleep patterns disappeared, improved nighttime lighting made more activities possible at night, and more street lights reduced urban crime.


Premise: What religion alleged Freemasons as unnatural and irrational?

Hypothesis: In contrast to Catholic allegations of rationalism and naturalism, Protestant objections are more likely to be based on allegations of mysticism, occultism, and even Satanism.


Premise: What is another name for people who recently converted to Islam?

Hypothesis: Despite some notable exceptions, the Umayyads tended to favor the rights of the old Arab families, and in particular their own, over those of newly converted Muslims (mawali).


Premise: Which of NYC's prestigious nonreligious private schools are in the Bronx?

Hypothesis: Many public high schools are located in the borough including the elite Bronx High School of Science, Celia Cruz Bronx High School of Music, DeWitt Clinton High School, High School for Violin and Dance, Bronx Leadership Academy 2, Bronx International High School, the School for Excellence, the Morris Academy for Collaborative Study, Wings Academy for young adults, The Bronx School for Law, Government and Justice, Validus Preparatory Academy, The Eagle Academy For Young Men, Bronx Expeditionary Learning High School, Bronx Academy of Letters, Herbert H. Lehman High School and High School of American Studies.


Premise: West 132nd Street is interrupted by City College and which park?

Hypothesis: The main portion of 132nd Street runs eastbound from Frederick Douglass Boulevard to northern end of Park Avenue where there is a southbound exit from/entrance to the Harlem River Drive.


Premise: What is the term for Catalan Countries?

Hypothesis: These territories are sometimes referred to as the Països Catalans (Catalan Countries), a denomination based on cultural affinity and common heritage, that has also had a subsequent political interpretation but no official status.


Premise: How much money did Nasser spend on weapons?

Hypothesis: When it became apparent to him that Western countries would not supply Egypt under acceptable financial and military terms, Nasser turned to the Eastern Bloc and concluded a US$320,000,000 armaments agreement with Czechoslovakia on 27 September.


Premise: When did season ten premiere?

Hypothesis: Season ten of the series premiered on January 19, 2011.


Premise: When was the Chremonidean War?

Hypothesis: One example is Athens, which had been decisively defeated by Antipater in the Lamian war (323-322) and had its port in the Piraeus garrisoned by Macedonian troops who supported a conservative oligarchy.


Premise: What was Somalias largest ISP in 2009?

Hypothesis: Global Internet Company, a firm jointly owned by the major Somali telecommunication networks Hormuud Telecom, Telcom Somalia and Nationlink, was the country's largest ISP.


Premise: What are three digestions phases?

Hypothesis: The cephalic phase occurs at the sight, thought and smell of food, which stimulate the cerebral cortex.


Premise: When was Ezra Stiles president of Yale?

Hypothesis: However, Yale graduate Edmund Fanning, Secretary to the British General in command of the occupation, interceded and the College was saved.


Premise: What type of games is Santa Monica featured in?

Hypothesis: Santa Monica is featured in the video games True Crime: Streets of LA (2003), Vampire:


Premise: What do deuterostomes and protostomes have in common?

Hypothesis: In most protostomes, cells simply fill in the interior of the gastrula to form the mesoderm, called schizocoelous development, but in deuterostomes, it forms through invagination of the endoderm, called enterocoelic pouching.


Premise: To where can judgments be appealed?

Hypothesis: Appeals from the Island Courts and the Lands Courts Appeal Panel are made to the Magistrates Court, which has jurisdiction to hear civil cases involving up to $T10,000.


Premise: What necessary technical development had yet to occur to make electric motors useful?

Hypothesis: Several inventors followed Sturgeon in the development of DC motors but all encountered the same battery power cost issues.


Premise: When was Bushido formalized?

Hypothesis: Bushido was formalized by several influential leaders and families before the Edo Period.


Premise: Temperatures rarely go higher than what temperature in the Appalachians?

Hypothesis: Relatively cool summers have temperatures rarely rising above 80 °F (27 °C).


Premise: What sorts of people are more likely to be emotionally expressive?

Hypothesis: According to some theories, they are a state of feeling that results in physical and psychological changes that influence our behavior.


Premise: What is the main difference between black-box testing and white-box testing?

Hypothesis: Black-box testing treats the software as a "black box", examining functionality without any knowledge of internal implementation, without seeing the source code.


Premise: Who adopted the use of the term, effective ceiling?

Hypothesis: However, effective ceiling for heavy AA guns was affected by non-ballistic factors:


Premise: What did the Augustan settlement signify in Rome's classes?

Hypothesis: In the middle Republican era, even Scipio's tentative hints that he might be Jupiter's special protege sat ill with his colleagues.


Premise: Who founded Northwestern University?

Hypothesis: Northwestern was founded in 1851 by John Evans, for whom the City of Evanston is named, and eight other lawyers, businessmen and Methodist leaders.


Premise: In what city is the Passage located?

Hypothesis: In the 21st century the most famous department store in Russia is GUM in Moscow, followed by TsUM and the Petrovsky Passage.


Premise: From what entity was the Albufera bought?

Hypothesis: The City Council bought the lake from the Crown of Spain for 1,072,980 pesetas in 1911, and today it forms the main portion of the Parc Natural de l'Albufera


Premise: When was the British East India Company chartered?

Hypothesis: At the end of the 16th century, England and the Netherlands began to challenge Portugal's monopoly of trade with Asia, forming private joint-stock companies to finance the voyages—the English, later British, East India Company and the Dutch East India Company, chartered in 1600 and 1602 respectively.


Premise: What years did the Yongle Emperor reign?

Hypothesis: However, the early Ming government enacted a law, later rescinded, which forbade Han Chinese to learn the tenets of Tibetan Buddhism.


Premise: To what were the first kings of Rome associated?

Hypothesis: The first "outsider" Etruscan king, Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, founded a Capitoline temple to the triad Jupiter, Juno and Minerva which served as the model for the highest official cult throughout the Roman world.


Premise: When were the mediatisation changes confirmed?

Hypothesis: The 1815 Congress of Vienna confirmed these changes and the Thuringian states' inclusion in the German Confederation; the Kingdom of Prussia also acquired some Thuringian territory and administered it within the Province of Saxony.


Premise: What is human communication defined as?

Hypothesis: Effective verbal or spoken communication is dependent on a number of factors and cannot be fully isolated from other important interpersonal skills such as non-verbal communication, listening skills and clarification.


Premise: What University was Alision Jing Xu the assistant professor of management at?

Hypothesis: Alison Jing Xu, assistant professor of management at the University of Toronto Scarborough and Aparna Labroo of Northwestern University conducted a series of studies analyzing the correlation between lighting and human emotion.


Premise: What kinds of assets does the US Federal Reserve buy?

Hypothesis: There is no limit on the bonds that it can buy and one of the tools at its disposal in a financial crisis is to take such extraordinary measures as the purchase of large amounts of assets such as commercial paper.


Premise: Which judge denied Telewizja Polska's attempt to block the use of Internet Archive contents as evidence?

Hypothesis: Telewizja Polska brought a motion in limine to suppress the snapshots on the grounds of hearsay and unauthenticated source, but Magistrate Judge Arlander Keys rejected Telewizja Polska's assertion of hearsay and denied TVP's motion in limine to exclude the evidence at trial.


Premise: How many consecutive NCAA championships did the women's larcrosse team win between 2005 and 2009?

Hypothesis: In the 2010–11 school year, the Wildcats had one national championship, 12 teams in postseason play, 20 All-Americans, two CoSIDA Academic All-American selections, 8 CoSIDA Academic All0District selections, 1 conference Coach of the Year and Player of the Year, 53 All-Conference and a record 201


Premise: Which contestant was eliminated during the week of the top seven?

Hypothesis: Much media attention on the season had been focused on the three black singers, Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London, and Jennifer Hudson, dubbed the Three Divas.


Premise: Who are the Echo Boys?

Hypothesis: It also prints the Evening Echo, which for decades has been connected to the Echo Boys, who were poor and often homeless children who sold the newspaper.


Premise: In what year did the Crazy Horse Saloon open?

Hypothesis: In 1911, the dance hall Olympia Paris invented the grand staircase as a settling for its shows, competing with its great rival, the Folies Bergère, Its stars in the 1920s included the American singer and dancer Josephine Baker.


Premise: How old was Pelagija Belousava when Tito met her?

Hypothesis: When Tito was jailed in 1928, she returned to Russia.


Premise: Who created the concept of ecosystems?

Hypothesis: Clements is credited with the idea of climax vegetation as the most complex vegetation that an environment can support and Tansley introduced the concept of ecosystems to biology.


Premise: Prior to the naming of Miami, what was the area around Miami called?

Hypothesis: The Miami area was better known as "Biscayne Bay Country" in the early years of its growth.


Premise: What author's 20th century writing caused interest in pure neoclassical design?

Hypothesis: In the early 20th century, the writings of Albert Richardson were responsible for a re-awakening of interest in pure neoclassical design.


Premise: Recognition from what body may help a dialect to become standardized?

Hypothesis: There may be multiple standard dialects associated with a single language.


Premise: What is the date of the Battle of Britain Day?

Hypothesis: On 15 September 1940, known as the Battle of Britain Day, an RAF pilot, Ray Holmes of No. 504 Squadron RAF rammed a German bomber he believed was going to bomb the Palace.


Premise: How many main geographical sections make up North Carolina?

Hypothesis: The extreme eastern section of the state contains the Outer Banks, a string of sandy, narrow barrier islands between the Atlantic Ocean and two inland waterways or "sounds": Albemarle Sound in the north and Pamlico Sound in the south.


Premise: The change in universities towards the completion of the early modern period is credited with the formation of what entity?

Hypothesis: The hierarchical place of theological knowledge had for the most part been displaced and the humanities had become a fixture, and a new openness was beginning to take hold in the construction and dissemination of knowledge that were to become imperative for the formation of the modern state.


Premise: What are some classical societies whose literature is still studied today?

Hypothesis: As a more urban culture developed, academies provided a means of transmission for speculative and philosophical literature in early civilizations, resulting in the prevalence of literature in Ancient China, Ancient India, Persia and Ancient Greece and Rome.


Premise: What do Jehovah Witnesses remain politically?

Hypothesis: They remain politically neutral, do not seek public office, and are discouraged from voting, though individual members may participate in uncontroversial community improvement issues.


Premise: What tax was in force throughout the United Kingdom during this time?

Hypothesis: Windows in all types of buildings were large and regularly placed on a grid; this was partly to minimize window tax, which was in force throughout the period in the United Kingdom.


Premise: In what decade was Pub rock popular?

Hypothesis: During the 1970s pubs provided an outlet for a number of bands, such as Kilburn and the High Roads, Dr. Feelgood and The Kursaal Flyers, who formed a musical genre called Pub rock that was a precursor to Punk music.


Premise: What are two locations in which all secondary schools were converted to comprehensives in the '70s?

Hypothesis: Some local authorities, including Sandwell and Dudley in the West Midlands, changed all of its state secondary schools to comprehensive schools during the 1970s.


Premise: Who led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement?

Hypothesis: Over the next 130 years, the city participated in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their native allies in North America.


Premise: Vibrations are used to communicate with members of the same species, and what other species?

Hypothesis: Some species use vibrations for communicating within members of the same species, such as to attract mates as in the songs of the shield bug Nezara viridula.


Premise: where to regular local trains provide service

Hypothesis: There are regular intercity services to all major Dutch cities; direct services to Schiphol Airport.


Premise: What feature of the nationalism movement is unknown?

Hypothesis: However, historians are divided over the causes of its rise.


Premise: Which governor led the supportive reception of President Juarez?

Hypothesis: On October 12, 1864, the people of the state gave President Juárez an overwhelmingly supportive reception, led by Governor Ángel Trías.


Premise: What courses does Southampton City College offer to adult students?

Hypothesis: The college offers a range of vocational courses for school leavers, as well as ESOL programmes and Access courses for adult learners.


Premise: What is the time-honored dish served for the morning meal in Burma ?

Hypothesis: Freshwater fish and shrimp have been incorporated into inland cooking as a primary source of protein and are used in a variety of ways, fresh, salted whole or filleted, salted and dried, made into a salty paste, or fermented sour and pressed.


Premise: Who renamed the Qing dynasty in 1363?

Hypothesis: His son Hong Taiji renamed the dynasty Great Qing in 1636.


Premise: Who did Vieira beat in a runoff election?

Hypothesis: Ialá returned as the candidate for the PRS, claiming to be the legitimate president of the country, but the election was won by former president João Bernardo Vieira, deposed in the 1999 coup.


Premise: What was the model number of the slim version of the PlayStation 3?

Hypothesis: As part of the release for the slim model, the console logo ceased using the "Spider-Man font" (the same font used for the title of Sony's Spider-Man 3) and the capitalized PLAYSTATION 3.


Premise: How many times did Bohemian waxwings come to Britain between 1937 and 200?

Hypothesis: Bohemian waxwings Bombycilla garrulus well show this unpredictable variation in annual numbers, with five major arrivals in Britain during the nineteenth century, but 18 between the years 1937 and 2000.


Premise: At shorter ranges a light weapon with what is used on fast targets?

Hypothesis: The ammunition and shells fired by these weapons are usually fitted with different types of fuses (barometric, time-delay, or proximity) to explode close to the airborne target, releasing a shower of fast metal fragments.


Premise: What is another name for Guinea pepper?

Hypothesis: Spices, peppers and chilis are used in cooking, including Aframomum melegueta seeds (Guinea pepper).


Premise: Who believes "the outline of the life must be true" in reference to Buddha?

Hypothesis: In writing her biography of the Buddha, Karen Armstrong noted, "It is obviously difficult, therefore, to write a biography of the Buddha that meets modern criteria, because we have very little information that can be considered historically sound...


Premise: What pass was opened to the Banner Armies?

Hypothesis: Rather than serve them, Ming general Wu Sangui made an alliance with the Manchus and opened the Shanhai Pass to the Banner Armies led by Prince Dorgon, who defeated the rebels and seized Beijing.


Premise: Which Sanskrit literary language has been influenced by the Middle Indo-Aryan languages?

Hypothesis: Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit is a literary language heavily influenced by the Middle Indo-Aryan languages, based on early Buddhist Prakrit texts which subsequently assimilated to the Classical Sanskrit standard in varying degrees.


Premise: In what century did the Xeer system begin?

Hypothesis: There is no evidence that it developed elsewhere or was greatly influenced by any foreign legal system.


Premise: In what borough is the Unisphere located?

Hypothesis: Major attractions in the boroughs outside Manhattan include Flushing Meadows-Corona Park and the Unisphere in Queens; the Bronx Zoo; Coney Island, Brooklyn; and the New York Botanical Garden in the Bronx.


Premise: Who supported the treaty?

Hypothesis: On August 20, 1991, the Russian SFSR was scheduled to sign a New Union Treaty that would have converted the Soviet Union into a federation of independent republics with a common president, foreign policy and military.


Premise: What are dog teeth best suited for?

Hypothesis: Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal.


Premise: what was broken/damaged on the boat?

Hypothesis: This event made the island, its inhabitants and lifestyle known worldwide thanks to the media reports.


Premise: What percentage of Samoa's population is Mormon?

Hypothesis: Samoa hosts one of seven Bahá'í Houses of Worship in the world; completed in 1984 and dedicated by the Head of State, it is located in Tiapapata, 8 km (5 mi) from Apia.


Premise: To connect Millbay to the city centre, what would need to be destroyed?

Hypothesis: Other suggestions include the demolition of the Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena to create a canal "boulevard" linking Millbay to the city centre.


Premise: How much money was the move to satellite worth to the station over the following half decade?

Hypothesis: This move was estimated to save the BBC £85 million over the next five years.


Premise: How much was the charge per acre at first?

Hypothesis: After three years, a fee of one dollar per acre would be paid and the land would be owned by the settler.


Premise: In what month did Tucson get the most snow?

Hypothesis: The most snow received in one year was 8.3 in (21 cm) and the most snow in one month was 6.8 in (17 cm) in December 1971.


Premise: In how many ways did Paul VI contribute to an ecumenical dialogue between Catholics?

Hypothesis: After the Council, Paul VI contributed in two ways to the continued growth of ecumenical dialogue.


Premise: Which scientist was influenced by Marxism in the United Kingdom?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, they saw patterns of consumption and leisure as determined by relations of production, which led them to focus on class relations and the organization of production.


Premise: What was the population in South-West Africa in 1960?

Hypothesis: Although their percentage of population is decreasing due to emigration and lower birth rates they still form the second-largest population of European ancestry, both in terms of percentage and actual numbers, in Sub-Saharan Africa (after South Africa).


Premise: What is a glacial surge?

Hypothesis: A few glaciers have periods of very rapid advancement called surges.


Premise: Who was oppressed and discriminated against?

Hypothesis: During the apartheid era, those classed as "Coloured" were oppressed and discriminated against.


Premise: According to Daniel Elazar at the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, at the end of the 11th century, what percentage of the world's Jewry was Sephardic?

Hypothesis: In an essay on Sephardi Jewry, Daniel Elazar at the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs summarized the demographic history of Ashkenazi Jews in the last thousand years, noting that at the end of the 11th century, 97% of world Jewry was Sephardic and 3% Ashkenazi; by the end of XVI century, the: 'Treaty on the redemption of captives', by Gracian of the God's Mother, Mercy Priest, who was imprisoned by Turks, cites a Tunisian Hebrew, made captive when arriving to Gaeta, who aided others with money, named: 'Simon Escanasi', in the mid-17th century, "Sephardim still outnumbered Ashkenazim three to two", but by the end of the 18th century, "Ashkenazim outnumbered Sephardim three to two, the result of improved living conditions in Christian Europe versus the Ottoman Muslim world."


Premise: What two ancient Roman festivals is Carnival thought to stem from?

Hypothesis: Italian Carnival is sometimes thought to be derived from the ancient Roman festivals of Saturnalia and Bacchanalia.


Premise: How are these gases formed?

Hypothesis: Efforts have been undertaken to genetically modify cyanobacterial hydrogenases to efficiently synthesize H2 gas even in the presence of oxygen.


Premise: Under what Act was Norfolk Island accepted as a territory of Australia?

Hypothesis: It was accepted as a territory of Australia, separate from any state, by the Norfolk Island Act 1913 (Cth), passed under the territories power (Constitution section 122) and made effective in 1914.


Premise: When was the beginning of the Tonian period?

Hypothesis: Some paleontologists suggest that animals appeared much earlier than the Cambrian explosion, possibly as early as 1 billion years ago.


Premise: When did Beyoncé get married?

Hypothesis: On April 4, 2008, Beyoncé married Jay Z. She publicly revealed their marriage in a video montage at the listening party for her third studio album, I Am...


Premise: Upon what is Portuguese agriculture based?

Hypothesis: Agriculture in Portugal is based on small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units.


Premise: From where did Drake's Leat draw water?

Hypothesis: A watercourse, known as Plymouth or Drake's Leat, was opened on 24 April 1591 to tap the River Meavy.


Premise: In the 18th century, what changed geology drastically?

Hypothesis: Aided by chemical experimentation, naturalists such as Scotland's John Walker, Sweden's Torbern Bergman, and Germany's Abraham Werner created comprehensive classification systems for rocks and minerals—a collective achievement that transformed geology into a cutting edge field by the end of the eighteenth century.


Premise: What is the name of the House of Deréon junior collection?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé and her mother founded their family's company Beyond Productions, which provides the licensing and brand management for House of Deréon, and its junior collection, Deréon.


Premise: Does summertime gets weather hotter than 90 degrees?

Hypothesis: New Haven lies in the transition between a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfa) and humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), but having more characteristics of the former, as is typical of much of the New York metropolitan area.


Premise: What event caused Edward to abdicate the throne?

Hypothesis: Later that year Edward abdicated, after his proposed marriage to divorced socialite Wallis Simpson provoked a constitutional crisis.


Premise: In 2014, Maryam Mirzakhani became the first women ever and first Iranian to win what prestigious mathematics award?

Hypothesis: Iranian physics is especially strong in string theory, with many papers being published in Iran.


Premise: What did the Turbo feature allow players to do?

Hypothesis: This feature allowed players to shoot much faster during shooter games.


Premise: What does the commerce clause include?

Hypothesis: Most actions by the federal government can find some legal support among the express powers, such as the Commerce Clause, whose applicability has been narrowed by the Supreme Court in recent years.


Premise: What was the highest unemployment rate in Namibia?

Hypothesis: Under a broader definition (including people that have given up searching for employment) unemployment rose to 36.7% in 2004.


Premise: What do Jehovah Witnesses believe their religion is a restoration of?

Hypothesis: The religion's leadership, while disclaiming divine inspiration and infallibility, is said to provide "divine guidance" through its teachings described as "based on God's Word thus ... not from men, but from Jehovah."


Premise: Why did the US have troops on Okinawa?

Hypothesis: Okinawa was returned on May 15, 1972, but the U.S. stations troops in the island's bases as a defense for Japan.


Premise: How does Portugal compete with other areas for tourists?

Hypothesis: Consequently, it has been necessary for the country to focus upon its niche attractions, such as health, nature and rural tourism, to stay ahead of its competitors.


Premise: Which Hindu philosophy concerns dualism?

Hypothesis: Hindu philosophy also includes several sub-schools of theistic philosophies that integrate ideas from two or more of the six orthodox philosophies, such as the realism of the Nyāya, the naturalism of the Vaiśeṣika, the dualism of the Sāṅkhya, the monism and knowledge of Self as essential to liberation of Advaita, the self-discipline of yoga and the asceticism and elements of theistic ideas.


Premise: Where was Elizabeth when Heath advised that sh call for an election?

Hypothesis: Heath only resigned when discussions on forming a coalition foundered, after which the Queen asked the Leader of the Opposition, Labour's Harold Wilson, to form a government.


Premise: In which place did England finish in the UEFA European Football Championship in 1968?

Hypothesis: England is quite a successful nation at the UEFA European Football Championship, having finished in third place in 1968 and reached the semi-final in 1996.


Premise: What is the term for stealing food items from other birds?

Hypothesis: Some species, including frigatebirds, gulls, and skuas, engage in kleptoparasitism, stealing food items from other birds.


Premise: Whose life was 'Schindler's List' based on?

Hypothesis: Schindler's List earned Spielberg his first Academy Award for Best Director (it also won Best Picture).


Premise: How do most elevator doors work?

Hypothesis: The most common configuration is to have two panels that meet in the middle, and slide open laterally.


Premise: Why were three large portal used in the construction of the Roman Arch of Constantine?

Hypothesis: The rose window is the earliest-known example above the West portal in France.


Premise: When was the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre?

Hypothesis: The civil wars gained impetus with the sudden death of Henry II of France in 1559.


Premise: How is the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System written in traditional Chinese?

Hypothesis: It consists of two separate satellite constellations – a limited test system that has been operating since 2000, and a full-scale global navigation system that is currently under construction.


Premise: Under what Bill did enrollments surge after the war?

Hypothesis: Relations between Evanston and Northwestern were strained throughout much of the post-war era because of episodes of disruptive student activism, disputes over municipal zoning, building codes, and law enforcement, as well as restrictions on the sale of alcohol near campus until 1972.


Premise: What is one of SASO's main goals?

Hypothesis: Rather than providing a final solution to the question of how to best measure sexual orientation, the SASO is meant to provoke discussion and debate about measurements of sexual orientation.


Premise: What type of performances of Baroque ear Operas require improvisation?

Hypothesis: Improvisation is also an important aspect in authentic performances of operas of Baroque era and of bel canto (especially operas of Vincenzo Bellini), and is best exemplified by the da capo aria, a form by which famous singers typically perform variations of the thematic matter of the aria in the recapitulation section ('B section' / the 'da capo' part).


Premise: What metal rose due to speculation?

Hypothesis: Copper rose over speculations that production in southwestern China may be affected, and oil prices dropped over speculations that demand from China would fall.


Premise: Royal assent is a process of approving a nation's legislative acts by whom?

Hypothesis: In the vast majority of contemporary monarchies, this act is considered to be little more than a formality; even in those nations which still permit their ruler to withhold the royal assent (such as the United Kingdom, Norway, and Liechtenstein), the monarch almost never does so, save in a dire political emergency or upon the advice of their government.


Premise: What is the world in which the digimon live?

Hypothesis: According to the stories, they are inhabitants of the "DigiWorld", a manifestation of Earth's communication network.


Premise: What did African Americans moved to Liberia keep from America?

Hypothesis: They intermarried largely within the colonial community, developing an ethnic group that had a cultural tradition infused with American notions of political republicanism and Protestant Christianity.


Premise: Besides tax shifting, what is another need?

Hypothesis: And the combination of the federal tax deduction and a robust state tax deduction in California helped to create the modern wind power industry.


Premise: Which magazine advocated for Galician nationalism?

Hypothesis: In the early 20th century came another turn toward nationalist politics with Solidaridad Gallega (1907–1912) modeled on Solidaritat Catalana in Catalonia.


Premise: What is the name of the first film Madonna directed?

Hypothesis: The Times said she had "done herself proud" while The Daily Telegraph described the film as "not an entirely unpromising first effort [but] Madonna would do well to hang on to her day job."


Premise: In addition to scratches and rot, what other common LaserDisc issue was to be eliminated by MUSE discs?

Hypothesis: The red laser was capable of reading through disc defects such as scratches and even mild disc rot that would cause most other players to stop, stutter or drop-out.


Premise: What were the most important buildings of the time?

Hypothesis: The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals.


Premise: What had Kerry voted against after supporting the initial Iraq authorization?

Hypothesis: His statement on March 16, 2004, "I actually did vote for the $87 billion before I voted against it," helped the Bush campaign to paint him as a flip-flopper and has been cited as contributing to Kerry's defeat.


Premise: How did Hume view inductive vs deductive reasoning?

Hypothesis: To this, Peirce added the concept of abductive reasoning.


Premise: What was Jesus offered to drink after his arrest?

Hypothesis: Once at Golgotha, Jesus was offered wine mixed with gall to drink.


Premise: During what time did cotton become widely used in India?

Hypothesis: The Indus cotton industry was well-developed and some methods used in cotton spinning and fabrication continued to be used until the industrialization of India.


Premise: Who made the Marathas a strong power?

Hypothesis: There is no doubt that the single most important power to emerge in the long twilight of the Mughal dynasty was the Maratha confederacy.


Premise: What type of adult contemporary music was popular in the 1960s?

Hypothesis: Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music.


Premise: Who is responsible for creating Prontosil?

Hypothesis: Ehrlich’s approach of systematically varying the chemical structure of synthetic compounds and measuring the effects of these changes on biological activity was pursued broadly by industrial scientists, including Bayer scientists Josef Klarer, Fritz Mietzsch, and Gerhard Domagk.


Premise: How many subway lines serve 181st Street?

Hypothesis: 181st Street is served by two New York City Subway lines; there is a 181st Street station at Fort Washington Avenue on the IND Eighth Avenue Line (A trains) and a 181st Street station at St. Nicholas Avenue on the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line (1 trains).


Premise: What was the average price to rent an average apartment in Bern?

Hypothesis: As of 2003[update] the average price to rent an average apartment in Bern was 1108.92 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$890, £500, €710 approx.


Premise: What is Shiraz' population by the 2011 Census?

Hypothesis: Shiraz, with a population of around 1.4 million (2011 census), is the sixth major city of Iran.


Premise: In what town is the oldest neoclassical architecture in Hungary?

Hypothesis: In this town the triumphal arch and the neoclassical façade of the baroque Cathedral were designed by the French architect Isidor Marcellus Amandus Ganneval (Isidore Canevale) in the 1760s.


Premise: Which two areas were slowly Germanized during the 13th century?

Hypothesis: Its defeat was formalised in the Second Treaty of Thorn in 1466 ending the Thirteen Years' War, and leaving the former Polish region Pomerania/Pomerelia under Polish control.


Premise: Who was the first ambassador to South Vietnam?

Hypothesis: In February 1955, Eisenhower dispatched the first American soldiers to Vietnam as military advisors to Diem's army.


Premise: The Dartford sisters were heirs of what priory?

Hypothesis: As heirs of the Dominican priory of Poissy in France, the Dartford sisters were also heirs to a tradition of profound learning and piety.


Premise: Which major orchestra was the last to appoint a woman to a permanent position?

Hypothesis: In April 1996, the orchestra's press secretary wrote that "compensating for the expected leaves of absence" of maternity leave would be a problem.


Premise: Where are the most frequent characteristics of Helvetisms found?

Hypothesis: The French spoken in Switzerland has similar terms, which are equally known as Helvetisms.


Premise: When was a Provincial Grand Master for North America appointed?

Hypothesis: The Premier Grand Lodge of England appointed a Provincial Grand Master for North America in 1731, based in Pennsylvania.


Premise: What university was Landis Gores associated with?

Hypothesis: The W.G. Harris residence in Richmond was designed by famed early modern architect and member of the Harvard Five, Landis Gores.


Premise: What can be coined at any time?

Hypothesis: Specifically, Chinese coined new characters for chemical elements – see chemical elements in East Asian languages – which continue to be used and taught in schools in China and Taiwan.


Premise: By what year had most local stores been assimilated into larger chain operations?

Hypothesis: By 2015, most locally owned department stores around the country had been consolidated into larger chains, or had closed down entirely.


Premise: Another term for electoral fraud is what?

Hypothesis: Also called voter fraud, the mechanisms involved include illegal voter registration, intimidation at polls, and improper vote counting.


Premise: What did the Legend of Zelda require in certain instances to kill enemies?

Hypothesis: Some NES localizations of games, such as The Legend of Zelda, which required the use of the Famicom microphone in order to kill certain enemies, suffered from the lack of hardware to do so.


Premise: What producer was involved in the founding of United World Pictures?

Hypothesis: The new combine, United World Pictures, was a failure and was dissolved within one year.


Premise: What fights against the rule of law?

Hypothesis: The rule of law is thus somewhat at odds with flexibility, even when flexibility may be preferable.


Premise: Along with Swedish settlers, what other country's settlers inhabited in Namibia first?

Hypothesis: However, like most of Sub-Saharan Africa, Namibia was not extensively explored by Europeans until the 19th century, when traders and settlers arrived, principally from Germany and Sweden.


Premise: What meeting brought about changes in France's policy towards its colonies?

Hypothesis: It also received a local legislature after the adoption of the 1946 constitution that established the Fourth Republic.


Premise: During what years was the Samoan influenza epidemic?

Hypothesis: There followed a series of New Zealand administrators who were responsible for two major incidents.


Premise: What was new about the way Western Electrics method of capturing sound?

Hypothesis: Distant or less strong sounds that were impossible to record by the old methods could now be captured.


Premise: How many volts did Thomas Edison's electrical supply provide?

Hypothesis: In 1882, Edison switched on the world's first large-scale electrical supply network that provided 110 volts direct current to fifty-nine customers in lower Manhattan.


Premise: What is the other issue that comes to sight when using electrification system?

Hypothesis: This can cause electrification of certain connections to be very expensive simply because of the implications on the sections it is connecting.


Premise: How is Valencian classified?

Hypothesis: The various forms of Catalan and Valencian are mutually intelligible (ranging from 90% to 95%)


Premise: In what year did Gaddafi's second resignation occur?

Hypothesis: In February 1973, he resigned again, once more returning the following month.


Premise: What did Morrison warn he couldn't do?

Hypothesis: Morrison warned that he could not counter the Communist unrest unless provision of shelters were made.


Premise: What are people most likely to identify themselves as?

Hypothesis: While many Americans may be biologically multiracial, they often do not know it or do not identify so culturally, any more than they maintain all the differing traditions of a variety of national ancestries.


Premise: The Australian Grand Prix moved to Melbourne from where?

Hypothesis: Major projects included the construction of a new facility for the Melbourne Museum, Federation Square, the Melbourne Exhibition and Convention Centre, Crown Casino and the CityLink tollway.


Premise: When was the Battle of Gaza?

Hypothesis: Ptolemy invaded Syria and defeated Antigonus' son, Demetrius Poliorcetes, in the Battle of Gaza of 312 BC which allowed Seleucus to secure control of Babylonia, and the eastern satrapies.


Premise: When is it believed that the earliest know hair was said to exist?

Hypothesis: The earliest clear evidence of hair or fur is in fossils of Castorocauda, from 164 million years ago in the Middle Jurassic.


Premise: What do high school all-star players hope to be seen by?

Hypothesis: A more common exhibition is the high school football all-star game, which brings together top players from a region.


Premise: What did biology textbooks drop altogether?

Hypothesis: Physical anthropology texts argued that biological races exist until the 1970s, when they began to argue that races do not exist.


Premise: What countries utilize strategic bomber aircraft in their missions?

Hypothesis: The US, Russia, and the People's Republic of China operate strategic bombers.


Premise: Who criticized Milliband for posing with a copy of The Sun showing the Hillsborough disaster?

Hypothesis: Organisations representing the relatives of Hillsborough victims described Miliband's action as an "absolute disgrace" and he faced criticism too from Liverpool Labour MPs and the city's Labour Mayor, Joe Anderson.


Premise: What is the combined international trade in cotton?

Hypothesis: The total international trade is estimated to be $12 billion.


Premise: What two real life persons were also part of the magazine feature alongside fictional Marvel characters?

Hypothesis: In 1965, Spider-Man and the Hulk were both featured in Esquire magazine's list of 28 college campus heroes, alongside John F. Kennedy and Bob Dylan.


Premise: How tall is the statue in Tito Square?

Hypothesis: Slovenia has several streets and squares named after Tito, notably Tito Square in Velenje, incorporating a 10-meter statue.


Premise: The ⟨bʰ⟩ in the Indo-Aryan languages is better transcribed how for breathy voice?

Hypothesis: The modifier letter ⟨◌ʰ⟩ after a voiced consonant actually represents a breathy-voiced or murmured dental stop, as with the "voiced aspirated" bilabial stop ⟨bʰ⟩ in the Indo-Aryan languages.


Premise: Whitehead sees life as directed towards what purpose?

Hypothesis: He then observes that the mark of higher forms of life is that they are actively engaged in modifying their environment, an activity which he theorizes is directed toward the three-fold goal of living, living well, and living better.


Premise: What type of parliament does Tuvalu have?

Hypothesis: The unicameral Parliament has 15 members with elections held every four years.


Premise: What is mixed with tritium and experiences nuclear fusion in a fission/fusion bomb?

Hypothesis: Later, a much more complicated and far more powerful type of fission/fusion bomb (thermonuclear weapon) was built, that uses a plutonium-based device to cause a mixture of tritium and deuterium to undergo nuclear fusion.


Premise: What is GRTC an initialism of?

Hypothesis: Local transit and paratransit bus service in Richmond, Henrico, and Chesterfield counties is provided by the Greater Richmond Transit Company (GRTC).


Premise: The Illyrian ecoregion is known as what?

Hypothesis: According to the World Wide Fund for Nature and the European Environment Agency, the territory of Greece can be subdivided into six ecoregions: the Illyrian deciduous forests, Pindus Mountains mixed forests, Balkan mixed forests, Rhodope montane mixed forests, Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests and Crete Mediterranean forests.


Premise: What happened to protesters who tried to interrupt the carrying of the torch?

Hypothesis: Several protesters who tried to disrupt the relay were promptly arrested by the police.


Premise: What air sports event did Brasilia host in 2003?

Hypothesis: In August 2005, the city hosted the 2nd stage of the Brazilian Hang Gliding Championship.


Premise: When was the first Bulgarian Empire founded?

Hypothesis: In the 7th century, the Frankish merchant Samo, who supported the Slavs fighting their Avar rulers, became the ruler of the first known Slav state in Central Europe, which, however, most probably did not outlive its founder and ruler.


Premise: How many people were estimated by authorities to have attended the riots?

Hypothesis: About 100 others were detained and several others were sentenced to terms in labor camps.


Premise: What ancient religion did Greece embrace during the Hellenistic period?

Hypothesis: The Hellenistic period covers the period of ancient Greek (Hellenic) history and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year.


Premise: Examinations for Tertiary institutes are given at what grade level?

Hypothesis: Students are admitted to these Institutes according to their performance at national level examinations taking place after completion of the third grade of Lykeio.


Premise: Paleoptera and Neoptera are what kind of insect orders?

Hypothesis: For example, the Paraneoptera have turned out to be more closely related to the Endopterygota than to the rest of the Exopterygota.


Premise: What is the role of the neocortex whe it relates to memory?

Hypothesis: One of the primary functions of sleep is thought to be the improvement of the consolidation of information, as several studies have demonstrated that memory depends on getting sufficient sleep between training and test.


Premise: What was the name of the act introduced in the year 1900?

Hypothesis: Silver coins continued to be issued for circulation until 1964, when all silver was removed from dimes and quarters, and the half dollar was reduced to 40% silver.


Premise: Shell's plans to drill in the Artic led to protests from which particular environmental group?

Hypothesis: The plans to drill in the Arctic led to protests from environmental groups, particularly Greenpeace; furthermore, analysts in the energy field, as well as related industries, also expressed skepticism due to perceptions that drilling in the region is "too dangerous because of harsh conditions and remote locations".


Premise: What was a recommendations brought about from the report?

Hypothesis: A 2012 report by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology made several key recommendations to reduce regulatory burdens to new drug development, including 1) expanding the FDA's use of accelerated approval processes, 2) creating an expedited approval pathway for drugs intended for use in narrowly defined populations, and 3) undertaking pilot projects designed to evaluate the feasibility of a new, adaptive drug approval process.


Premise: When did sea levels reach their current highth?

Hypothesis: Whether or not there was a land bridge between Great Britain and Ireland at this time is somewhat disputed, though there was certainly a single ice sheet covering the entire sea.


Premise: When did Ross Sackett study time and energy for hunter-gartherer groups?

Hypothesis: Later, in 1996, Ross Sackett performed two distinct meta-analyses to empirically test Sahlin's view.


Premise: Which of the two first works addresses pagan practices?

Hypothesis: Athanasius also wrote a two-part Against the Heathen and The Incarnation of the Word of God.


Premise: What was the name of the agreement Hayek criticized in 1977?

Hypothesis: In 1977, Hayek was critical of the Lib-Lab pact, in which the British Liberal Party agreed to keep the British Labour government in office.


Premise: Barts and the London School of Dentistry if part of which university in the University of London Network?

Hypothesis: It is also a major centre for biomedical research, and three of the UK's five academic health science centres are based in the city – Imperial College Healthcare, King's Health Partners and UCL Partners (the largest such centre in Europe).


Premise: What is the model for luxury Parisian restaurants?

Hypothesis: Since the late 18th century, Paris has been famous for its restaurants and haute cuisine, food meticulously prepared and artfully presented.


Premise: What are the two components in the Belgian political landscape?

Hypothesis: On one hand, this means that the Belgian political landscape, generally speaking, consists of only two components: the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels, represented by their French-speaking parties.


Premise: When did the Spanish arrive to America?

Hypothesis: Spanish arrived in the territory of the modern United States with Ponce de León in 1513.


Premise: How should the grain direct of metallic flanges run to flange faces?

Hypothesis: The water absorption of aluminium and palladium becomes an unacceptable source of outgassing, and even the adsorptivity of hard metals such as stainless steel or titanium must be considered.


Premise: Who was it that described people living on the coast as "Celtic"?

Hypothesis: It is usually considered a local evolution of the Atlantic Bronze Age, with later developments and influences and overlapping into the Roman era.


Premise: Is the male solitary wasp bigger or smaller than the female solitary wasp?

Hypothesis: The male solitary wasp in the genus Eumenes is smaller than the female, so the mother of one species supplies him with only five caterpillars; the larger female receives ten caterpillars in her cell.


Premise: London's Chinatown district is located in what area?

Hypothesis: Within the City of Westminster in London the entertainment district of the West End has its focus around Leicester Square, where London and world film premieres are held, and Piccadilly Circus, with its giant electronic advertisements.


Premise: What feature do most LED fixtures need to have?

Hypothesis: Since most common power sources (batteries, mains) are constant-voltage sources, most LED fixtures must include a power converter, at least a current-limiting resistor.


Premise: How much money was spent on the Portuguese armed forced in 2009?

Hypothesis: Portuguese military expenditure in 2009 was $5.2 billion, representing 2.1 percent of GDP.


Premise: What role did music play in the religious festivities?

Hypothesis: This instrument is one of the very few stringed instruments known in the Americas prior to the introduction of European musical instruments; when played it produces a sound virtually identical to a jaguar's growl.


Premise: What is the main railway station

Hypothesis: Utrecht Centraal is the main railway station of Utrecht.


Premise: Which constitution did Burke condemn on May 6, 1791?

Hypothesis: On 6 May 1791, during another debate in Parliament on the Quebec Bill, Burke used the opportunity to answer Fox, and to condemn the new French Constitution and "the horrible consequences flowing from the French idea of the Rights of Man".


Premise: What was the name given to the islands reached by Cerón in October of 1529?

Hypothesis: On October 1, he found another group of islands where he went ashore for eight days, exchanged gifts with the local inhabitants and took on water.


Premise: What is one way that videoconferencing is useful?

Hypothesis: Videoconferencing is a highly useful technology for real-time telemedicine and telenursing applications, such as diagnosis, consulting, transmission of medical images, etc...


Premise: What action is forbid by the Orthodox Greek Church to Freemasons?

Hypothesis: In 1933, the Orthodox Church of Greece officially declared that being a Freemason constitutes an act of apostasy and thus, until he repents, the person involved with Freemasonry cannot partake of the Eucharist.


Premise: In which direction did the French troops who did not surrender head?

Hypothesis: The French troops who did not surrender retreated westward, leaving behind 1,000 dead and wounded and another 1,000 prisoners and all of their remaining ammunition.


Premise: With what kind of parts were consumers able to upgrade their Dell systems with?

Hypothesis: This meant customers wishing to upgrade their hardware would have to replace parts with scarce Dell-compatible parts instead of commonly available parts.


Premise: The shofar stops being used at the end of what Jewish event?

Hypothesis: The shofar is used by itself, without any vocal accompaniment, and is limited to a very strictly defined set of sounds and specific places in the synagogue service.


Premise: What is the title of the person who manages the relationship between the CIA and the Unified Combatant Commands?

Hypothesis: The Associate Director of military affairs, a senior military officer, manages the relationship between the CIA and the Unified Combatant Commands, who produce regional/operational intelligence and consume national intelligence.


Premise: What type of transmitter is used in the iTrip?

Hypothesis: Many car manufacturers have added audio input jacks as standard.


Premise: What is the population of Florida

Hypothesis: The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Florida was 20,271,272 on July 1, 2015, a 7.82% increase since the 2010 United States Census.


Premise: Nicosulfuron, triflusulfuron methyl and chlorsulfuron can be classified as what type of pesticides?

Hypothesis: crop protection chemical was typically applied, while sulfonylureates allow as little as 1% as much material to achieve the same effect.


Premise: What had the Dutch East India Company initially named Australia?

Hypothesis: The western coast of Australia had been discovered for Europeans by the Dutch explorer Willem Jansz in 1606 and was later named New Holland by the Dutch East India Company, but there was no attempt to colonise it.


Premise: When did the black population explode?

Hypothesis: Between 1880 and 1930, the African-American population of Philadelphia increased from 31,699 to 219,559.


Premise: What did Africian Lodge, Number 459 become after they were removed from the UGLE?

Hypothesis: Thus, separated from both UGLE and any concordantly recognised U.S. Grand Lodge, African Lodge re-titled itself as the African Lodge, Number 1 – and became a de facto "Grand Lodge" (this Lodge is not to be confused with the various Grand Lodges on the Continent of Africa).


Premise: What is the name of Stephen Hawking's book?

Hypothesis: Neuroscientist Michael Nikoletseas has proposed that questions of the existence of God are no different from questions of natural sciences.


Premise: Which independent school had more hosted outreach events than Eton?

Hypothesis: According to The Economist, Oxford and Cambridge admit more Etonians each year than applicants from the whole country who qualify for free school meals.


Premise: Why was Christ in majesty protected from the iconoclastic destruction?

Hypothesis: Very few early Byzantine mosaics survived the Iconoclastic destruction of the 8th century.


Premise: How many enterprises have been made completely private since the agreement?

Hypothesis: Since the agreement, sixteen enterprises were privatized, 12 partially privatized, and 20 liquidated.


Premise: Which studio produced 'Super 8'?

Hypothesis: In 2006, Spielberg co-executive produced with famed filmmaker Robert Zemeckis a CGI children's film called Monster House, marking their eighth collaboration since 1990's Back to the Future Part III.


Premise: What kingdom did the Romans take over the year after the Battle of Actium?

Hypothesis: It is often considered a period of transition, sometimes even of decadence or degeneration, compared to the enlightenment of the Greek Classical era.


Premise: Fat Thursday is also known as what day?

Hypothesis: The festivities end on Ash Wednesday with elaborate funeral rituals marking the death of King Carnival, who is typically burned on a pyre in what is called the burial of the sardine (enterrament de la sardina), or, in Vilanova, as l'enterro.


Premise: Four-fifths of the ZIP codes that provide the highest amount of political contributions in the United States are located in what borough?

Hypothesis: The city has a strong imbalance of payments with the national and state governments.


Premise: What are the 2 narrow gauge railways in the Railway Himachal?

Hypothesis: It also has standard gauge railway track which connect Amb (Una district) to Delhi.


Premise: What is the floor space of the palace?

Hypothesis: The Green Drawing Room serves as a huge anteroom to the Throne Room, and is part of the ceremonial route to the throne from the Guard Room at the top of the Grand Staircase.


Premise: What artist did Kanye draw inspiration from when crafting Yeezus?

Hypothesis: Inspired by the minimalist design of Le Corbusier and primarily electronic in nature, the album features distorted drum machines and "synthesizers that sound like they're malfunctioning, low-resolution samplers that add a pixelated digital aura to the most analog sounds.


Premise: Where did the Apollo 11 mission land back on Earth?

Hypothesis: When the spacecraft splashed down, 2,982 days had passed since Kennedy's commitment to landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth before the end of the decade; the mission was completed with 161 days to spare.


Premise: What did Rome make the myriad various cults?

Hypothesis: The political, cultural and religious coherence of an emergent Roman super-state required a broad, inclusive and flexible network of lawful cults.


Premise: The most common tools that neurophysiologists use are what?

Hypothesis: Neurophysiologists study the chemical, pharmacological, and electrical properties of the brain: their primary tools are drugs and recording devices.


Premise: What doctrine seeks to study rules and their relationship with the economy?

Hypothesis: The rule-of-law movement cannot be fully successful in transitional and developing countries without an answer to the question: does the rule of law matter for economic development or not?


Premise: What center is a nonprofit training center for disabled people?

Hypothesis: Private career and technology education schools in Oklahoma City include Oklahoma Technology Institute, Platt College, Vatterott College, and Heritage College.


Premise: What do most Guam residents use when receiving mail?

Hypothesis: Incoming mail not from the Americas should be addressed to "Guam" instead of "USA" to avoid being routed the long way through the U.S. mainland and possibly charged a higher rate (especially from Asia).


Premise: What mutation did scientists discover?

Hypothesis: The East Asians owe their relatively light skin to different mutations.


Premise: Which singer did she join on MTV Unplugged to sing?

Hypothesis: Days later, she joined singer Miley Cyrus on her MTV Unplugged special, singing a mash-up of "Don't Tell Me" and Cyrus' single "We Can't Stop" (2013).


Premise: Why was Taylor indicted by a special court ?

Hypothesis: By July 2003, the rebels had launched an assault on Monrovia.


Premise: Which group held secret Milleneum of Christianity celebrations?

Hypothesis: On June 5, 1988, as the official celebrations of the Millennium were held in Moscow, the Ukrainian Cultural Club hosted its own observances in Kiev at the monument to St. Volodymyr


Premise: What are the more traditional industries that have existed in Portugal?

Hypothesis: Since the 1990s, Portugal's public consumption-based economic development model has been slowly changing to a system that is focused on exports, private investment and the development of the high-tech sector.


Premise: When was the Treaty of Nanking signed?

Hypothesis: Under the terms of the Treaty of Nanking, signed in 1843, Ningbo became one of the five Chinese treaty ports opened to virtually unrestricted foreign trade.


Premise: What do Slavic languages tend to do to their verbs?

Hypothesis: Typical of Slavic languages, Czech marks its verbs for one of two grammatical aspects: perfective and imperfective.


Premise: Where does Theravada have the largest following?

Hypothesis: Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia.


Premise: Which historian blamed naval weakness for European imperialism in China?

Hypothesis: Historians have judged the Qing dynasty's vulnerability and weakness to foreign imperialism in the 19th century to be based mainly on its maritime naval weakness while it achieved military success against westerners on land, the historian Edward L. Dreyer said that "China’s nineteenth-century humiliations were strongly related to her weakness and failure at sea.


Premise: Who won the Battle of Kathmandu?

Hypothesis: The Battle of Kirtipur was the start of the Gorkha conquest of the Kathmandu Valley.


Premise: What song did David Cook sing on American Idol during the week of the top ten?

Hypothesis: David Cook's performance of "Billie Jean" on top-ten night was lauded by the judges, but provoked controversy when they apparently mistook the Chris Cornell arrangement to be David Cook's own even though the performance was introduced as Cornell's version.


Premise: When was the state song composed?

Hypothesis: Upon arriving in Helena, Howard's troupe performed 12 encores of the new song to an enthusiastic audience and the governor proclaimed it the state song on the spot, though formal legislative recognition did not occur until 1945.


Premise: How common was divorce for samurai?

Hypothesis: A samurai could divorce his wife for a variety of reasons with approval from a superior, but divorce was, while not entirely nonexistent, a rare event.


Premise: What type of light stimulates the circadian system?

Hypothesis: The device measures activity and light together at regular time intervals and electronically stores and logs its operating temperature.


Premise: Who heads the Royal Canadian Air Force?

Hypothesis: The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) is headed by the Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force.


Premise: Who is in charge of the Command and Control operations?

Hypothesis: Command and control functions are performed through an arrangement of personnel, equipment, communications, facilities, and procedures employed by a commander in planning, directing, coordinating, and controlling forces and operations in the accomplishment of the mission" (JP 1-02).


Premise: What year was Michael Foot elected as leader?

Hypothesis: Benn was only narrowly defeated by Healey in a bitterly fought deputy leadership election in 1981 after the introduction of an electoral college intended to widen the voting franchise to elect the leader and their deputy.


Premise: Is the legislature bicameral or unicameral?

Hypothesis: At the legislative level, a unicameral Assembleia Nacional Popular (National People's Assembly) is made up of 100 members.


Premise: Who rejected Academic Skepticism in favor of Neoplatonism?

Hypothesis: Hellenistic philosophy, had a significant influence on the Greek ruling elite.


Premise: Chopin was indirectly related to what?

Hypothesis: His works remain popular, and he has been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying degrees of historical accuracy.


Premise: How many people live in Miami?

Hypothesis: The 44th-most populated city proper in the United States, with a population of 430,332, it is the principal, central, and most populous city of the Miami metropolitan area, and the second most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States after Washington, D.C.


Premise: What type of covers of pop and rock songs were usually played on adult contemporary?

Hypothesis: Some stations would also occasionally play earlier big band-era recordings from the 1940s and early 1950s.


Premise: What is green a symbol of in China?

Hypothesis: It is also often associated with the culture of Gaelic Ireland, and is a color of the flag of Ireland.


Premise: Who coined the term prime minister?

Hypothesis: The first actual usage of the term prime minister or Premier Ministre[citation needed] was used by Cardinal Richelieu when in 1625 he was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France.


Premise: What two key elements that distinguish literature as a written form of art?

Hypothesis: Literature consists of written productions, often restricted to those deemed to have artistic or intellectual value.


Premise: What type of political stability was compromised as a result of violent nationalism?

Hypothesis: Peace becomes a transient compromise between wars.


Premise: Whose plan for the East entailed killing, deporting, or enslaving the Slavs?

Hypothesis: During World War II, Hitler's Generalplan Ost (general plan for the East) entailed killing, deporting, or enslaving the Slavic and Jewish population of occupied Eastern Europe to create Lebensraum (living space) for German settlers.


Premise: In the 1850s, the Times was beginning to suffer from the rise in competition from what kind of press?

Hypothesis: The Times was beginning to suffer from the rise in competition from the penny press, notably The Daily Telegraph and The Morning Post.


Premise: When did Thuringia become a landgraviate?

Hypothesis: Thuringia became a landgraviate in 1130 AD.


Premise: What is a common problem in antibiotic use?

Hypothesis: Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world.


Premise: What was contained in warehouses that were notably burned by Confederates when evacuating Richmond?

Hypothesis: Davis and his cabinet left the city by train that night, as government officials burned documents and departing Confederate troops burned tobacco and other warehouses to deny their contents to the victors.


Premise: For how many years was Fox the highest rated network with young adults because of American Idol?

Hypothesis: Its success also helped lift the ratings of other shows that were scheduled around it such as House and Bones, and Idol, for years, had become Fox's strongest platform primetime television program for promoting eventual hit shows of the 2010s (of the same network) such as Glee and New Girl.


Premise: Who responds with the employment of capabilities where there is a threat?

Hypothesis: Cyberspace defense incorporates CNE, computer network defense (CND), and CNA techniques and may be a contributor to influence operations.


Premise: What is the name of the aquarium present in Plymouth?

Hypothesis: Together with the National Marine Aquarium, the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences, Plymouth University's Marine Institute and the Diving Diseases Research Centre, these marine-related organisations form the Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership.


Premise: What is another element of the structure of a gene?

Hypothesis: These include DNA regions that are not transcribed as well as untranslated regions of the RNA.


Premise: Which school did Brigham Young Acadamy, now BYU,  break off from in 1876?

Hypothesis: Warren Dusenberry served as interim principal of the school for several months until April 1876 when Brigham Young's choice for principal arrived—a German immigrant named Karl Maeser.


Premise: What is the percentage of non-repetitive DNA in some plant and amphibian genomes?

Hypothesis: It had been found that the proportion of non-repetitive DNA can vary a lot between species.


Premise: What makes up the federal taxes Puerto Rican citizens pay?

Hypothesis: Residents of Puerto Rico pay U.S. federal taxes: import/export taxes, federal commodity taxes, social security taxes, therefore contributing to the American Government.


Premise: In diffuse-porous woods, if the demarcation between rings is obvious, what type of difference within the ring might not be?

Hypothesis: Conversely, when there is a clear demarcation there may not be a noticeable difference in structure within the growth ring.


Premise: What song did DeWyze cover for his first release?

Hypothesis: No new song was used as coronation song this year; instead, the two finalists each released a cover song – DeWyze chose U2's "Beautiful Day", and Bowersox chose Patty Griffin's "Up to the Mountain".


Premise: What did the decoy towns mimic

Hypothesis: They were designed to mimic the geometry of "blacked out" streets, railway lines, and Bristol Temple Meads railway station, to encourage bombers away from these targets.


Premise: Which dynasty of Ur was the last great Sumerian renaissance?

Hypothesis: The last of these eventually came to dominate the south of Mesopotamia as the Babylonian Empire, just as the Old Assyrian Empire had already done so in the north from the late 21st century BC.


Premise: In what theater are the British Academy film awards presented?

Hypothesis: As of 2008[update], the British Academy Film Awards have taken place at the Royal Opera House.


Premise: What does glass lack, allowing it to be transparent?

Hypothesis: These properties, which give glass its clearness, can be retained even if glass is partially light-absorbing


Premise: In February of 2014, what did Swiss voters narrowly approve to restrict?

Hypothesis: On 9 February 2014, Swiss voters narrowly approved by 50.3% a ballot initiative launched by the national conservative Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC) to restrict immigration, and thus reintroducing a quota system on the influx of foreigners.


Premise: Do some countries have negative feelings towards the word "black"?

Hypothesis: For many other individuals, communities and countries, "black" is also perceived as a derogatory, outdated, reductive or otherwise unrepresentative label, and as a result is neither used nor defined.