Premise: What was considered the true portrait of the no wave movement?

Hypothesis: Also emerging during this period was New York's no wave movement, a short-lived art and music scene that began in part as a reaction against punk's recycling of traditionalist rock tropes and often reflected an abrasive, confrontational and nihilistic worldview.


Premise: In what year did Liebman announce his findings?

Hypothesis: Freedam's statistics looks at the percentage of all death penalty cases reversed, while the others look only at cases not reversed prior to habeas corpus review.


Premise: Burke's unfinished letter to Arthur Young became part of what publication?

Hypothesis: This debate probably led Burke to editing his memorandum, as there appeared a notice that Burke would soon publish a letter on the subject to the Secretary of the Board of Agriculture, Arthur Young; but he failed to complete it.


Premise: What did the RAF put most of their resources into?

Hypothesis: Most of the resources went into planning for daylight fighter defences.


Premise: When did Kerry publish his memories of Vietnam?

Hypothesis: "When I signed up for the swift boats, they had very little to do with the war.


Premise: A secretive army installation began in Kummersdorf-West in what year?

Hypothesis: The head of the German Army's Ballistics and Munitions Branch, Lieutenant Colonel Karl Emil Becker, gathered a small team of engineers that included Walter Dornberger and Leo Zanssen, to figure out how to use rockets as long-range artillery in order to get around the Treaty of Versailles' ban on research and development of long-range cannons.


Premise: What is the advantage of measuring these elements separately?

Hypothesis: A third concern with the Kinsey scale is that it inappropriately measures heterosexuality and homosexuality on the same scale, making one a tradeoff of the other.


Premise: Along with gold, what luxury was present on the clothes of the elite?

Hypothesis: Only in Italy does it appear that women were always considered under the protection and control of a male relative.


Premise: What man was almost ready to give Kanye a record deal?

Hypothesis: Jay-Z later admitted that Roc-A-Fella was initially reluctant to support West as a rapper, claiming that many saw him as a producer first and foremost, and that his background contrasted with that of his labelmates.


Premise: Approximately how many weeklies, fortnightlies and quarterlies published in Sanskrit?

Hypothesis: Sudharma, a daily newspaper in Sanskrit, has been published out of Mysore, India, since 1970, while Sanskrit Vartman Patram and Vishwasya Vrittantam started in Gujarat during the last five years.


Premise: What is primarily a recreational activity except in extremely underdeveloped areas?

Hypothesis: Though some hunting, such as that of muttonbirds, may be sustainable, hunting has led to the extinction or endangerment of dozens of species.


Premise: What were the 18th and 19th satellites for the BeiDou system launched with?

Hypothesis: The Expedition-1 is an independent upper stage capable of delivering one or more spacecraft into different orbits.


Premise: Who was the famous African American musican and director?

Hypothesis: Another pioneering African American musician and director who made his start with a mandolin orchestra was composer James Reese Europe.


Premise: Which navy won the battle of Hydra?

Hypothesis: Following news that combined Ottoman–Egyptian fleets were going to attack the Greek island of Hydra, the allied fleet intercepted the Ottoman–Egyptian fleet at Navarino.


Premise: What is meant by synthetic chemicals?

Hypothesis: This institution determines the allowed practices for pest control, growing, fertilizing, and handling of organic crops.


Premise: How many Monument Zones are present in the Kathmandu valley?

Hypothesis: These are amply reflected in the many temples, shrines, stupas, monasteries, and palaces in the seven well-defined Monument Zones of the Kathmandu valley are part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.


Premise: What digestions begin in the mouth?

Hypothesis: Mechanical and chemical digestion begin in the mouth where food is chewed, and mixed with saliva to begin enzymatic processing of starches.


Premise: Who was buried in the south choir aisle in 2014?

Hypothesis: In 1905 the actor Sir Henry Irving was cremated and his ashes buried in Westminster Abbey, thereby becoming the first person ever to be cremated prior to interment at the abbey.


Premise: What countries utilize strategic bomber aircraft in their missions?

Hypothesis: Perhaps the one meaningful distinction at present is the question of range: a bomber is generally a long-range aircraft capable of striking targets deep within enemy territory, whereas fighter bombers and attack aircraft are limited to 'theater' missions in and around the immediate area of battlefield combat.


Premise: Where were the use of advanced materials and techniques on display in Sumer?

Hypothesis: The Sumerians also developed the arch, which enabled them to develop a strong type of dome.


Premise: According to J. Barrie Jones who was the only true successor to Chopin?

Hypothesis: Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his "one worthy successor" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937).


Premise: Is the view of the impregnation of Mary's pregnancy the same as the one held for the birth of her first child ?

Hypothesis: The doctrine of the immaculate conception (Mary being conceived free from original sin) is not to be confused with her virginal conception of her son Jesus.


Premise: What is the name of the railroad station inside Richmond proper?

Hypothesis: Richmond's only railway station located within the city limits, the historic Main Street Station, was renovated in 2004.


Premise: When did the Abyssinian crisis occur?

Hypothesis: A series of international crises strained the League to its limits, the earliest being the invasion of Manchuria by Japan and the Abyssinian crisis of 1935/36 in which Italy invaded Abyssinia, one of the only free African nations at that time.


Premise: What items were shared among Christian and non- Christians?

Hypothesis: Tombs were shared by Christian and non-Christian family members, and the traditional funeral rites and feast of novemdialis found a part-match in the Christian Constitutio Apostolica.


Premise: In what role are the floor leader's instrumental for legislation?

Hypothesis: He is instrumental in guiding legislation favored by his party through the House, or in resisting those programs of the other party that are considered undesirable by his own party.


Premise: How many primary signalling molecules are known to organize different behavioral patterns?

Hypothesis: This implies that fungal organisms can differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages and similar molecules being irrelevant in the situation.


Premise: Individual members of enveloping structures are known by what terms?

Hypothesis: Usually, other structures are present and serve to protect the sporophylls and to form an envelope attractive to pollinators.


Premise: What brewing company produced the beer Millennium?

Hypothesis: In September 2011, the Scottish brewery BrewDog produced Ghost Deer, which, at 28%, they claim to be the world's strongest beer produced by fermentation alone.


Premise: Where did Peter Moor work before being recruited to help on the 360?

Hypothesis: Also that month, Peter Moore, former president of Sega of America, joined Microsoft.


Premise: Through what process did Darwin believe emotions developed?

Hypothesis: Darwin argued that emotions actually served a purpose for humans, in communication and also in aiding their survival.


Premise: What office was held by Fiame Mata'afa Faumuina Mulinu'u II?

Hypothesis: Fiame Mata'afa Faumuina Mulinu’u II, one of the four highest-ranking paramount chiefs in the country, became Samoa's first Prime Minister.


Premise: Which of the festivals is comprised of participants who are mainly children?

Hypothesis: The second is held on the first Sunday of the festival and the participants are mainly children.


Premise: What is the name for the glassmaking method that involved spinning it into sheets?

Hypothesis: The reason for the observation is that in the past, when panes of glass were commonly made by glassblowers, the technique used was to spin molten glass so as to create a round, mostly flat and even plate (the crown glass process, described above).


Premise: What precedent of the machine gun did the French troops also possess?

Hypothesis: The army also possessed a precursor to the machine-gun: the mitrailleuse, which could unleash significant, concentrated firepower but nevertheless lacked range and was comparatively immobile, and thus prone to being easily overrun.


Premise: To what kind of group does the delayed return system belong?

Hypothesis: James Woodburn uses the categories "immediate return" hunter-gatherers for egalitarian and "delayed return" for nonegalitarian.


Premise: How does lucha libre's tag team matches differ?

Hypothesis: Although professional wrestling in Mexico (lucha libre) also has stories and characters, they are less emphasized.


Premise: What has had major effects on the transmission of diarrheal diseases?

Hypothesis: Basic sanitation techniques can have a profound effect on the transmission of diarrheal disease.


Premise: Where did children from rural areas work?

Hypothesis: What industries children work in depends on if they grew up in a rural area or an urban area.


Premise: Who was the moderator of the second debate, held at the Washington University?

Hypothesis: The second presidential debate was held at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, on October 8, moderated by Charles Gibson of ABC.


Premise: What classification are given?

Hypothesis: The Census Bureau notes that these classifications are socio-political constructs and should not be interpreted as scientific or anthropological.


Premise: What Kiss song gave Detroit the nickname Rock City?

Hypothesis: It is an important source of popular music legacies celebrated by the city's two familiar nicknames, the Motor City and Motown.


Premise: What percentage of Frances GDP is made up from the Paris Region's GDP?

Hypothesis: its per-capita GDP was the 4th highest in Europe.


Premise: What was the modern Conservative party created from?

Hypothesis: Peel issued the Tamworth Manifesto in 1834 which set out the basic principles of Conservatism; – the necessity in specific cases of reform in order to survive, but an opposition to unnecessary change, that could lead to "a perpetual vortex of agitation".


Premise: At the deadline, which area lost broadcast entirely?

Hypothesis: At the transition deadline, Barrie, Ontario lost both CBC and Radio-Canada signals as the CBC did not request that the CRTC allow these transmitters to continue operating.


Premise: The Two highest advertising agencies in the world located in NYC are called what?

Hypothesis: The city's fashion industry provides approximately 180,000 employees with $11 billion in annual wages.


Premise: Both Wutaishan Sports Center and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center contain a stadium, gymnasium, natatorium, and what other facility?

Hypothesis: Both of these two are comprehensive sports centers, including stadium, gymnasium, natatorium, tennis court, etc.


Premise: Alexander III was the son of whom?

Hypothesis: Following the assassination of Phillip II, his son Alexander III ("The Great") assumed the leadership of the League of Corinth and launched an invasion of the Persian Empire with the combined forces of all Greek states in 334 BC.


Premise: Which two members of Queen performed together at several charity concerts?

Hypothesis: During this time, they were billed as Queen + followed by the guest singer's name.


Premise: What did Ibn Sina classify into stones?

Hypothesis: The epistola de Re recta is somewhat less sceptical of alchemy; Anawati argues that it is by Avicenna, but written earlier in his career when he had not yet firmly decided that transmutation was impossible.


Premise: Hard disk drives are what type of peripheral device?

Hypothesis: Hard disk drives, floppy disk drives and optical disc drives serve as both input and output devices.


Premise: What team did the New York CityHawks become after moving to Hartford?

Hypothesis: There are a number of franchises which existed in the form of a number of largely-unrelated teams under numerous management groups until they folded (an example is the New York CityHawks whose owners transferred the team from New York to Hartford to become the New England Sea Wolves after two seasons, then after another two seasons were sold and became the Toronto Phantoms, who lasted another two seasons until folding).


Premise: What is the main winding on a squirrel cage motor capable of withstanding?

Hypothesis: The start capacitor is typically mounted to the side of the motor housing.


Premise: What happened after the injunction was successful?

Hypothesis: The injunction was later reversed by a Berlin judge, but that reversal was in turn blocked the same day by another judge from the same court, "bringing the Patent Wild West to Germany" in the words of one commentator.


Premise: How many sub-national entities have surpassed 100 million people in total?

Hypothesis: It is also one of the only six to ever reach 100 million people (Uttar Pradesh, Russian RSFSR, Maharashtra, Sichuan, Bihar and Punjab).


Premise: How many number one albums has Queen released?

Hypothesis: The band have released a total of eighteen number one albums, eighteen number one singles, and ten number one DVDs worldwide, making them one of the world's best-selling music artists.


Premise: Who appoints the top positions in the USAF, including the Assistant Secretaries and General Council?

Hypothesis: The Department of the Air Force is one of three military departments within the Department of Defense, and is managed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense.


Premise: What did the mysteries seem to threaten that made the Romans occasionally attempt to ban them?

Hypothesis: Imported mystery religions, which offered initiates salvation in the afterlife, were a matter of personal choice for an individual, practiced in addition to carrying on one's family rites and participating in public religion.


Premise: Some cities in what county have a higher population density than New York City?

Hypothesis: In 2014, the city had an estimated population density of 27,858 people per square mile (10,756/km²), rendering it the most densely populated of all municipalities housing over 100,000 residents in the United States; however, several small cities (of fewer than 100,000) in adjacent Hudson County, New Jersey are more dense overall, as per the 2000 Census.


Premise: What committee has established gene nomenclature for every known human gene?

Hypothesis: Symbols are preferably kept consistent with other members of a gene family and with homologs in other species, particularly the mouse due to its role as a common model organism.


Premise: Which Macintosh had a distinctive "pizza box" case?

Hypothesis: The Macintosh Classic, essentially a less expensive version of the Macintosh SE, was the least expensive Mac offered until early 2001.


Premise: How many linguistic regions of Switzerland have their own form of local dialect?

Hypothesis: The role played by dialects in each linguistic region varies dramatically: in the German-speaking regions, Swiss German dialects have become ever more prevalent since the second half of the 20th century, especially in the media, such as radio and television, and are used as an everyday language, while the Swiss variety of Standard German is almost always used instead of dialect for written communication (c.f. diglossic usage of a language).


Premise: When did Kerry speak to the OAS?

Hypothesis: He went on to explain, "The relationship that we seek and that we have worked hard to foster is not about a United States declaration about how and when it will intervene in the affairs of other American states.


Premise: To be true architecture in Ruskin's opinion what should be done to a structure?

Hypothesis: For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least.


Premise: Early state organizations where headed by what?

Hypothesis: When their migratory movements ended, there appeared among the Slavs the first rudiments of state organizations, each headed by a prince with a treasury and a defense force.


Premise: Who is the founder of Louis' Lunch in New Haven?

Hypothesis: Though fiercely debated, the restaurant's founder Louis Lassen is credited by the Library of Congress with inventing the hamburger and steak sandwich.


Premise: What language did Beyoncé release several songs in?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé's music is generally R&B, but she also incorporates pop, soul and funk into her songs.


Premise: What country approved Neptune's first name?

Hypothesis: This suggestion met with stiff resistance outside France.


Premise: In what year did Elizabeth's  son's ex-wife die?

Hypothesis: Moments of sadness for her include the death of her father, aged 56; the assassination of Prince Philip's uncle, Lord Mountbatten; the breakdown of her children's marriages in 1992 (her annus horribilis); the death in 1997 of her son's former wife, Diana, Princess of Wales; and the deaths of her mother and sister in 2002.


Premise: What was the capital of Golkonda in the mid 12th century?

Hypothesis: The region comprising modern Hyderabad and its surroundings was known as Golkonda (Golla Konda-"shepherd's hill"), and was ruled by the Chalukya dynasty from 624 CE to 1075 CE.


Premise: According to Sunni Hadith which members of the Banu Qurayza were beheaded after surrendering to Muhammad and his followers?

Hypothesis: Muhammad also ordered another siege on the Banu Qurayza during the Invasion of Banu Qurayza, because according to Muslim tradition he had been ordered to do so by the angel Gabriel.


Premise: Until what year did the Ottomans retain a band of territory including Albania, Macedonia and Thrace?

Hypothesis: At the beginning of the 19th century the Ottoman Empire included all of the Balkan Peninsula north to the southern edge of the Hungarian Plain, but by 1914 had lost all of it except Constantinople and Eastern Thrace to the rise of Balkan nationalism, which saw the independence of Greece, Serbia, the Danubian Principalities and Bulgaria.


Premise: Who first published the proverb about waking up early and going to bed early to be "healthy, wealthy, and wise"?

Hypothesis: However, this soon changed as rail and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklin's day.


Premise: When did Mutt and Jeff appear?

Hypothesis: The success in 1938 of Action Comics and its lead hero Superman marked the beginning of the Golden Age of Comic Books, in which the superhero genre was prominent.


Premise: What plain is Punjab in?

Hypothesis: Punjab's geography mostly consists of the alluvial plain of the Indus River and its four major tributaries in Pakistan, the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers.


Premise: About how much does it cost per year to pay workers in the New York fashion industry?

Hypothesis: The city's fashion industry provides approximately 180,000 employees with $11 billion in annual wages.


Premise: What do the Armenians see the events of 1915-1917 as?

Hypothesis: There was local Armenian resistance in the region, developed against the activities of the Ottoman Empire.


Premise: What has cultural anthropology specifically emphasized?

Hypothesis: Cultural anthropology in particular has emphasized cultural relativism, holism, and the use of findings to frame cultural critiques.


Premise: During 6000 BC what area was occupied by a Neolithic culture?

Hypothesis: The earliest known Lower Egyptian site, Merimda, predates the Badarian by about seven hundred years.


Premise: How many animals did Mu Ying capture?

Hypothesis: Yet invasion went both ways; the Ming general Qu Neng, under the command of Lan Yu, was ordered to repel a Tibetan assault into Sichuan in 1390.


Premise: What was closed on September 2009?

Hypothesis: Wye College campus was finally closed in September 2009.


Premise: What does DIANE in Project DIANE stand for?

Hypothesis: Over the next 15 years, Project DIANE (Diversified Information and Assistance Network) grew to utilize a variety of videoconferencing platforms to create a multi-state cooperative public service and distance education network consisting of several hundred schools, neighborhood centers, libraries, science museums, zoos and parks, public assistance centers, and other community oriented organizations.


Premise: When was the last person executed in the District of Columbia?

Hypothesis: The District of Columbia has also abolished the death penalty; it was last used in 1957.


Premise: What did the Pan American Health Organization reccomend for those who used treatment to stop homosexuality?

Hypothesis: Additionally, the Pan American Health Organization recommended that such malpractices be denounced and subject to sanctions and penalties under national legislation, as they constitute a violation of the ethical principles of health care and violate human rights that are protected by international and regional agreements.


Premise: In 2014, millionaires made up what percentage of New York City's population?

Hypothesis: New York also had the highest density of millionaires per capita among major U.S. cities in 2014, at 4.6% of residents.


Premise: How can antibiotic penicillin destroy bacteria?

Hypothesis: The cell wall of bacteria is also distinct from that of Archaea, which do not contain peptidoglycan.


Premise: What replaced the holocene megafauna?

Hypothesis: North American megafauna extinction was coincidental with the Younger Dryas impact event, possibly making hunting a less critical factor in prehistoric species loss than had been previously thought.


Premise: What was the name of the first solar powered boat that crossed the Atlantic ocean?

Hypothesis: In 1996, Kenichi Horie made the first solar powered crossing of the Pacific Ocean, and the sun21 catamaran made the first solar powered crossing of the Atlantic Ocean in the winter of 2006–2007.


Premise: What started about 4000 years after copper smelting was discovered?

Hypothesis: Alloying copper with tin to make bronze was first practiced about 4000 years after the discovery of copper smelting, and about 2000 years after "natural bronze" had come into general use[citation needed].


Premise: Drug marketers have hired who as paid consultants?

Hypothesis: There has been increasing controversy surrounding pharmaceutical marketing and influence.


Premise: What did the three regions of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden become known as?

Hypothesis: I (Holy Roman Emperor in 1273) laid claim to the Kyburg lands and annexed them extending their territory to the eastern Swiss plateau.


Premise: What is an essential for dealing with directing the flow of power?

Hypothesis: Most of the transmitter's power will flow into the resonant element while the others present a high (reactive) impedance and draw little current from the same voltage.


Premise: What result did adding CX Noise Reduction have on analog discs?

Hypothesis: Many early and lower-end LD players had poor analog audio components, and many early discs had poorly mastered analog audio tracks, making digital soundtracks in any form most desirable to serious enthusiasts.


Premise: What was Eisenhower's favorite film?

Hypothesis: He learned poker, which he called his "favorite indoor sport," in Abilene.


Premise: DNA from Alexandre Colonna-Walewski's descendants has been used to confirm what attribute of Napoleon's?

Hypothesis: He may have had further unacknowledged illegitimate offspring as well, such as Eugen Megerle von Mühlfeld by Emilie Victoria Kraus and Hélène Napoleone Bonaparte (1816–1907) by Albine de Montholon.


Premise: What method of transportation is used to get to Oberhauser's base?

Hypothesis: The two travel to the hotel and discover White's secret room where they find co-ordinates pointing to Oberhauser's operations base in the desert.


Premise: Which part of Greece is the most visited?

Hypothesis: In 2010, the most visited region of Greece was that of Central Macedonia, with 18% of the country's total tourist flow (amounting to 3.6 million tourists), followed by Attica with 2.6 million and the Peloponnese with 1.8 million.


Premise: What did Victoria express her displeasure at to Russell about Palmerton?

Hypothesis: Victoria complained to Russell that Palmerston sent official dispatches to foreign leaders without her knowledge, but Palmerston was retained in office and continued to act on his own initiative, despite her repeated remonstrances.


Premise: Where were native earthworms killed by glaciers?

Hypothesis: Northern hardwood forests are especially negatively impacted by invasive worms through the loss of leaf duff, soil fertility, changes in soil chemistry and the loss of ecological diversity.


Premise: What mall is located in midtown?

Hypothesis: The 4th Avenue Shopping District between downtown and the University and the Lost Barrio just East of downtown, also have many unique and popular stores.


Premise: What is the current name of the Bight of Biafra?

Hypothesis: The port of Calabar on the historical Bight of Biafra (now commonly referred to as the Bight of Bonny) become one of the largest slave trading posts in West Africa in the era of the transatlantic slave trade.


Premise: What does :76 Shadow Copy do?

Hypothesis: It still ships with Windows 8 and continues to work on preset schedules, but is pushed to the background and can only be accessed through a Control Panel applet called "Windows 7 File Recovery".:76 Shadow Copy, a component of Windows Explorer that once saved previous versions of changed files, no longer protects local files and folders.


Premise: What is another term for phonological system?

Hypothesis: This is one of the fundamental systems which a language is considered to comprise, like its syntax and its vocabulary.


Premise: In what century did the term polytechnic first show up?

Hypothesis: The French term comes from the Greek πολύ (polú or polý) meaning "many" and τεχνικός (tekhnikós) meaning "arts".


Premise: In which year was the Immaculate Conception dogmatized?

Hypothesis: Special attention is given to the assertion that Luther, some three-hundred years before the dogmatization of the Immaculate Conception by Pope Pius IX in 1854, was a firm adherent of that view.


Premise: What specific type of diphthongs were the less educated Dutch speakers in the countryside using in the 16th century?

Hypothesis: Now, however, in his opinion, the newly affluent and independent women can afford to let that natural development take place in their speech.


Premise: What was the time span of the Punjabi Kingdom?

Hypothesis: The empire, based around the Punjab region, existed from 1799 to 1849.


Premise: When does language learning primarily occur most intensively?

Hypothesis: Effective verbal or spoken communication is dependent on a number of factors and cannot be fully isolated from other important interpersonal skills such as non-verbal communication, listening skills and clarification.


Premise: What does Florida stand for

Hypothesis: Florida i/ˈflɒrɪdə/ (Spanish for "flowery land") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States.


Premise: What was the regnal name of the Prince of Orange?

Hypothesis: However, facing defeat from the British and French, who had teamed up to destroy Dutch trading routes, the Dutch returned the island to England in 1674.


Premise: Which animal decorates the corners of the Chrysler Building?

Hypothesis: A highly influential example of the international style in the United States is the Seagram Building (1957), distinctive for its façade using visible bronze-toned I-beams to evoke the building's structure.


Premise: To what city did the Tulsa Talons relocate?

Hypothesis: The Dallas Vigilantes were left off the schedule for the 2012 season with no announcement from the management, raising speculations that either the team had suspended operations for the season or was ceasing operations altogether.


Premise: When was the term copy-text introduced?

Hypothesis: The bibliographer Ronald B. McKerrow introduced the term copy-text in his 1904 edition of the works of Thomas Nashe, defining it as "the text used in each particular case as the basis of mine."


Premise: What is the modern name for St. Joachim's Valley?

Hypothesis: Alternatively, thaler is said to come from the German coin Guldengroschen ("great guilder", being of silver but equal in value to a gold guilder), minted from the silver from Joachimsthal.


Premise: What happened to the cargo train?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, a cargo train carrying 13 petrol tanks derailed in Hui County, Gansu, and caught on fire after the rail was distorted.


Premise: What percentage of the entire EU's dwt does Greece alone represent?

Hypothesis: Greece has the largest merchant navy in the world, accounting for more than 15% of the world's total deadweight tonnage (dwt) according to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.


Premise: Where are RIBA's Study Rooms located?

Hypothesis: It operates a free education programme aimed at students, education groups and families, and an information service for RIBA members and the public through the RIBA Information Centre.


Premise: Where in the city is the LSPU Hall?

Hypothesis: The LSPU Hall is home to the Resource Centre for the Arts.


Premise: When was Firefox released?

Hypothesis: In 1998, Netscape launched what was to become the Mozilla Foundation in an attempt to produce a competitive browser using the open source software model.


Premise: How many movie theater companies are there in Montevideo?

Hypothesis: There are several notable theatrical companies and thousands of professional actors and amateurs.


Premise: Which Sufi commentator wrote the Spirit of Elucidation?

Hypothesis: Comprehensive Sufi commentaries appear in the 18th century such as the work of Ismail Hakki Bursevi (d. 1725).


Premise: How much would global sea levels rise if Greenland and Antartica's glaciers were to melt?

Hypothesis: They contain vast quantities of fresh water, enough that if both melted, global sea levels would rise by over 70 m (230 ft).


Premise: What year saw the crash of the Miami housing market?

Hypothesis: In 2007, however, the housing market crashed causing lots of foreclosures on houses.


Premise: What is Avicenna's name needed for?

Hypothesis: The project team stated "Why Avicenna?


Premise: The tympana under the dome had images of whom displayed?

Hypothesis: Justinian I is offering the model of the church to Mary while Constantine is holding a model of the city in his hand.


Premise: How can you be freed from samsara?

Hypothesis: In the Buddhist view, liberation from samsara is possible by following the Buddhist path.


Premise: What was "Baseball's Sad Lexicon" also known as?

Hypothesis: "Baseball's Sad Lexicon," also known as "Tinker to Evers to Chance" after its refrain, is a 1910 baseball poem by Franklin Pierce Adams.


Premise: For what is the "tourist marina" dedicated?

Hypothesis: It is also an important port for cruise ships.


Premise: When did the The Neolithic 2 (PPNB) era start?

Hypothesis: This era was before the Mesolithic era.[citation needed]


Premise: What can be done to a metal to enhance its properties?

Hypothesis: Alloying a metal is done by combining it with one or more other metals or non-metals that often enhance its properties.


Premise: Who designed Chopin's tombstone?

Hypothesis: She also took a collection of two hundred letters from Sand to Chopin; after 1851 these were returned to Sand, who seems to have destroyed them.


Premise: What city has become a national chess center?

Hypothesis: Owing partly to Soviet immigration, it is home to the largest number of chess grandmasters of any city in the world.


Premise: What were the Mongols trying to reclaim?

Hypothesis: On the mass Mongol conversion to Tibetan Buddhism under Altan Khan, Laird writes that "the Chinese watched these developments with interest, though few Chinese ever became devout Tibetan Buddhists."


Premise: Who was the first person to determine that the Earth is round?

Hypothesis: The earliest Greek philosophers, known as the pre-Socratics, provided competing answers to the question found in the myths of their neighbors: "How did the ordered cosmos in which we live come to be?"


Premise: How does conjugation take place?

Hypothesis: It is seldom that a conjugative plasmid integrates into the host bacterial chromosome, and subsequently transfers part of the host bacterial DNA to another bacterium.


Premise: What Olympic group was denied by India?

Hypothesis: In response Indian officials said India was a democracy, and "a wholesale ban on protests was out of the question".


Premise: The population of the Greater New Haven in 2010?

Hypothesis: It is the second-largest city in Connecticut (after Bridgeport), with a population of 129,779 people as of the 2010 United States Census.


Premise: What were the fraternaties of stonemasons origionally responsible for?

Hypothesis: Members of these organisations are known as Freemasons or Masons.


Premise: In what style is Kalamkari made?

Hypothesis: This craft is distinguished in having both a Hindu style, known as Srikalahasti and entirely done by hand, and an Islamic style, known as Machilipatnam that uses both hand and block techniques.


Premise: When did Apple reveal that most of the iTunes selection was free from DRM?

Hypothesis: On January 6, 2009, Apple announced that DRM has been removed from 80% of the music catalog, and that it would be removed from all music by April 2009.


Premise: What has no distinction between the categories  of voiced, voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated?

Hypothesis: In native Dravidian words, there is no distinction between these categories and stops are underspecified for voicing and aspiration.


Premise: What can be replaced to simplify abstract algebra concepts?

Hypothesis: In abstract algebra, more general structures are defined by relaxing some of the axioms defining a group.


Premise: Of what material is London's National Gallery made?

Hypothesis: Many grand houses and public buildings, such as the National Gallery, are constructed from Portland stone.


Premise: It was rumored that people close to the government lived in what type of condition?

Hypothesis: During this time strict programs, imposed to satisfy demands of the International Monetary Fund, brought increased hardship upon the country's population, while elites close to the government supposedly lived in growing wealth.


Premise: On what date of the Julian calendar do Eastern Catholics celebrate the Domition of the Theotokos?

Hypothesis: While the Catholic Church celebrates the Feast of the Assumption on August 15, some Eastern Catholics celebrate it as Dormition of the Theotokos, and may do so on August 28, if they follow the Julian calendar.


Premise: Where was the Atlantic Monthly first published?

Hypothesis: In 1852, the Boston Public Library was founded as the first free library in the United States.


Premise: In what year was the New Haven Promise scholarship initiated?

Hypothesis: The initiative was launched in 2010 and there are currently more than 500 Scholars enrolled in qualifying Connecticut colleges and universities.


Premise: States may grant their citizens border rights as long as they do not infringe on what?

Hypothesis: Indeed, states may grant their citizens broader rights than the federal Constitution as long as they do not infringe on any federal constitutional rights.


Premise: Which south Indian coast was favored by Muslim traders?

Hypothesis: Several Islamic kingdoms (sultanates) under both foreign and, newly converted, Rajput rulers were established across the north western subcontinent (Afghanistan and Pakistan) over a period of a few centuries.


Premise: How many states were originally covered by the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve?

Hypothesis: With 39,000 acres (158 km2), the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in north-central Oklahoma is the largest protected area of tallgrass prairie in the world and is part of an ecosystem that encompasses only 10 percent of its former land area, once covering 14 states.


Premise: When did Ali Javan, an Iranian scientist, co-invent the first gas laser?

Hypothesis: In 1960, Ali Javan co-invented the first gas laser, and fuzzy set theory was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh.


Premise: What was the name of Kiarostami's film which won the Palm d'Or at Cannes in 1997?

Hypothesis: Kiarostami, an admired Iranian director, planted Iran firmly on the map of world cinema when he won the Palme d'Or for Taste of Cherry in 1997.


Premise: Teams for what sport can be found congregating at pubs?

Hypothesis: Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to home or work, the availability of a particular beer, as a place to smoke (or avoid it), hosting a darts team, having a pool or snooker table, or appealing to friends.


Premise: What types of animals and plans are confined to a specific geographical area?

Hypothesis: In reserved forests, rights to activities like hunting and grazing are sometimes given to communities living on the fringes of the forest, who sustain their livelihood partially or wholly from forest resources or products.


Premise: Where was the basic power in Rome to be found?

Hypothesis: Post-regal politics dispersed the civil and religious authority of the kings more or less equitably among the patrician elite: kingship was replaced by two annually elected consular offices.


Premise: What is typical in Czech as other Latin European languages?

Hypothesis: Proper nouns, honorifics, and the first letters of quotations are capitalized, and punctuation is typical of other Latin European languages.


Premise: Due to his reporting skills, some give Russell credit for doing what?

Hypothesis: Some credit Russell with prompting the resignation of the sitting British government through his reporting of the lacklustre condition of British forces deployed in Crimea.


Premise: How did Northwestern create 84 additional acres in the 1960's?

Hypothesis: Among some of the buildings located on these broad new acres are University Library, Norris University Center (the student union), and Pick-Staiger Concert Hall.


Premise: Who had a large impact on the Renaissance?

Hypothesis: In the 14th century, much of the Greek peninsula was lost by the Byzantine Empire at first to the Serbs and then to the Ottomans.


Premise: What kind of trains provided food in the shelters?

Hypothesis: Authorities provided stoves and bathrooms and canteen trains provided food.


Premise: Where did Gaddafi begin his military training?

Hypothesis: Despite his police record, in 1963 he began training at the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi, alongside several like-minded friends from Misrata.


Premise: What percentage of all Israelis are thought to be of Ashkenazi descent?

Hypothesis: People of Ashkenazi descent constitute around 47.5% of Israeli Jews (and therefore 35–36% of Israelis).


Premise: How many square miles of water is in Oklahoma?

Hypothesis: It is one of six states on the Frontier Strip and lies partly in the Great Plains near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states.


Premise: El Salvador was home to which indigenous peoples?

Hypothesis: Much of El Salvador was home to the Pipil, the Lenca, Xinca, and Kakawira.


Premise: How many hours of television does the average teenager watch per year?

Hypothesis: Recent studies have indicated that the average teenager watches roughly 1500 hours of television per year.


Premise: What Council acts as a mediator when there are disputes between the Parliament and the Guardian Council?

Hypothesis: The others are elected by the Iranian Parliament from among the jurists nominated by the Head of the Judiciary.


Premise: How much of their income do half of Seattle's population have to spend on housing?

Hypothesis: For the five years beginning in 2010, Seattle gained an average of 14,511 residents per year, with the growth strongly skewed toward the center of the city, as unemployment dropped from roughly 9 percent to 3.6 percent.


Premise: How were residents listed in the census in 1890?

Hypothesis: Residents were still listed individually, but a new questionnaire sheet was used for each family.


Premise: What part of Zhejiang is a center of aquaculture in China?

Hypothesis: Zhejiang's towns have been known for handicraft production of goods such as silk, for which it is ranked second among the provinces.


Premise: What does rhythmic gymastics combine together?

Hypothesis: This is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation.


Premise: "We choose to go to the Moon" speech was given at what location in Texas?

Hypothesis: He rallied popular support for the program in his "We choose to go to the Moon" speech, on September 12, 1962, before a large crowd at Rice University Stadium, in Houston, Texas, near the construction site of the new Manned Spacecraft Center facility.


Premise: What did Burke think the British Empire should be governed based on?

Hypothesis: It was to be so exercised for the benefit of subject people that they would eventually attain their birthright—freedom".


Premise: Peking man kindled fire as early as?

Hypothesis: With the discovery of fire, the earliest form of artificial lighting used to illuminate an area were campfires or torches.


Premise: What operating system is used on Wayback Machine's servers?

Hypothesis: Since 1996, they have been archiving cached pages of web sites onto their large cluster of Linux nodes.


Premise: Which console sold the most units in the seventh generation era?

Hypothesis: The Xbox 360 sold much better than its predecessor, and although not the best-selling console of the seventh-generation, it is regarded as a success since it strengthened Microsoft as a major force in the console market at the expense of well-established rivals.


Premise: What was an issue found with Berliner's records initially?

Hypothesis: Berliner's records had poor sound quality compared to wax cylinders, but his manufacturing associate Eldridge R. Johnson eventually improved the sound quality.


Premise: How warm does it get at the height of summer along the in the delta and coastal regions of Burma?

Hypothesis: Much of the country lies between the Tropic of Cancer and the Equator.


Premise: What language do some of the same states specify the oath of office include?

Hypothesis: Some of these same states specify that the oath of office include the words "so help me God."


Premise: What type of birds may moult only once every few years?

Hypothesis: Moulting is annual in most species, although some may have two moults a year, and large birds of prey may moult only once every few years.


Premise: What business fields has Whitehead influenced?

Hypothesis: One of the leading figures having an explicitly Whiteheadian and panexperientialist stance towards management is Mark Dibben, who works in what he calls "applied process thought" to articulate a philosophy of management and business administration as part of a wider examination of the social sciences through the lens of process metaphysics.


Premise: A stable Greece allowed it to have what?

Hypothesis: During the 11th and 12th centuries the return of stability resulted in the Greek peninsula benefiting from strong economic growth – much stronger than that of the Anatolian territories of the Empire.


Premise: When does differentiation appear fully developed?

Hypothesis: Further distinctions in self-concept, called "differentiation," occur as the adolescent recognizes the contextual influences on their own behavior and the perceptions of others, and begin to qualify their traits when asked to describe themselves.


Premise: Who was the commissioner of the AFL in 1989?

Hypothesis: The game was played between the two teams in Sacramento's Arco Arena, as part of the AFL's 'Barnstorming America' tour.


Premise: What type of birds lay its eggs on bare rock?

Hypothesis: Some bird species have no nests; the cliff-nesting common guillemot lays its eggs on bare rock, and male emperor penguins keep eggs between their body and feet.


Premise: Who did the Luftwaffe try to lure into battle using its bombers?

Hypothesis: But their operations were to no avail; the worsening weather and unsustainable attrition in daylight gave the OKL an excuse to switch to night attacks on 7 October.


Premise: Jealous and Radford asserted that the legal action taken by Shell was what?

Hypothesis: In response, Shell filed lawsuits to seek injunctions from possible protests, and Benjamin Jealous of the NAACP and Radford argued that the legal action was "trampling American's rights."


Premise: What term refers to Islamic law?

Hypothesis: The ijāzat al-tadrīs wa-al-iftāʼ ("licence to teach and issue legal opinions") in the medieval Islamic legal education system had its origins in the 9th century after the formation of the madhāhib (schools of jurisprudence).


Premise: Which national news-based programs are based in Melbourne?

Hypothesis: Melbourne is also known as the game show capital of Australia; productions such as Million Dollar Minute, Millionaire Hot Seat and Family Feud are all based in Melbourne.


Premise: What is the primary function of the USAF fighter aircraft?

Hypothesis: The fighter aircraft of the USAF are small, fast, and maneuverable military aircraft primarily used for air-to-air combat.


Premise: What was the goal of the 2002 Philippines deployment?

Hypothesis: In January 2002, the United States Special Operations Command, Pacific deployed to the Philippines to advise and assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines in combating Filipino Islamist groups.


Premise: What feature of play did Cruyff introduce to Barcelona?

Hypothesis: With 11 trophies, Cruyff became the club's most successful manager at that point.


Premise: What was the point of the Deutscher Werkbund?

Hypothesis: Notable among these is the Deutscher Werkbund, formed in 1907 to produce better quality machine made objects.


Premise: How many times was Schwarzenegger awarded the Mr. Olympia title?

Hypothesis: He won the Mr. Universe title at age 20 and went on to win the Mr. Olympia contest seven times.


Premise: Who is the author of The Pillow Book?

Hypothesis: The Pillow Book by Sei Shōnagon and The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu.


Premise: What was the name of the anonymously published science book?

Hypothesis: In November 1844, the anonymously published popular science book Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, written by Scottish journalist Robert Chambers, widened public interest in the concept of transmutation of species.


Premise: Various research traditions are using what lens to examine phenomena?

Hypothesis: heavily utilizing the lens of identity to examine phenomena.[citation needed]


Premise: What were added to marriage criteria in the Tokugawa period?

Hypothesis: Though many of the texts written for women during the Tokugawa period only pertained to how a woman could become a successful wife and household manager, there were those that undertook the challenge of learning to read, and also tackled philosophical and literary classics.


Premise: Denis Diderot lived from what year to what year?

Hypothesis: There followed the materialist and atheist abbé Jean Meslier (1664-1729), Julien Offray de La Mettrie, the German-French Paul-Henri Thiry Baron d'Holbach (1723-1789), the Encyclopedist Denis Diderot (1713-1784), and other French Enlightenment thinkers; as well as (in England)


Premise: How much was the Windows Media Center add-on during the original Windows 8 promotion?

Hypothesis: During these promotions, the Windows Media Center add-on for Windows 8 Pro was also offered for free.


Premise: What do Namibian's use as a toilet?

Hypothesis: Private flush toilets are too expensive for virtually all residents in townships due to their water consumption and installation cost.


Premise: What came with lesser lesser cost mobile conversion hardware or stationary hardware?

Hypothesis: Consider also that it takes energy to constantly move this mobile conversion hardware over the rails while the stationary hardware in the railway substation doesn't incur this energy cost.


Premise: In what year was the Academie royale de peinture et de sculpture founded?

Hypothesis: This served as France's top art school until 1793.


Premise: Which website criticized Apple's battery life claims?

Hypothesis: An MP3.com report stated that this was virtually unachievable under real-life usage conditions, with a writer for MP3.com getting on average less than 8 hours from an iPod.


Premise: Whom did the Prime Minister of England choose as secretary of state?

Hypothesis: Hayek received new attention in the 1980s and 1990s with the rise of conservative governments in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada.


Premise: When was Boombots released?

Hypothesis: Previously, he was involved in creating the scenario for the adventure game The Dig.


Premise: Which Mountain has the Highest point surrounding Tuscon?

Hypothesis: Tucson is situated on an alluvial plain in the Sonoran desert, surrounded by five minor ranges of mountains: the Santa Catalina Mountains and the Tortolita Mountains to the north, the Santa Rita Mountains to the south, the Rincon Mountains to the east, and the Tucson Mountains to the west.


Premise: Where was the Helvetic Republic established?

Hypothesis: In 1798 he established the Helvetic Republic in Switzerland; two years later he led an army across the St. Bernard pass and conquered almost all of the Alpine regions.


Premise: What is the name of the first tropical aquarium in Germany?

Hypothesis: There is also the Sea Life Centre Hanover, which is the first tropical aquarium in Germany.[citation needed]


Premise: What is Christian AC a subgenre of?

Hypothesis: Therefore, it is not usually considered a specific genre of music; it is merely an assemblage of selected tracks from musicians of many different genres.


Premise: Who currently provides uniforms to Notre Dame sport teams?

Hypothesis: On July 1, 2014, the University of Notre Dame and Under Armour reached an agreement in which Under Armour will provide uniforms, apparel,equipment, and monetary compensation to Notre Dame for 10 years.


Premise: Which troubled candidate did Carol Moseley Braun end up endorsing, after she dropped out?

Hypothesis: Besides the impact of coming in third, Dean was further hurt by a speech he gave at a post-caucus rally.


Premise: Who was Henrich d'Arrest?

Hypothesis: Challis later realised that he had observed the planet twice, on 4 and 12 August, but did not recognise it as a planet because he lacked an up-to-date star map and was distracted by his concurrent work on comet observations.


Premise: Where in Brazil is most of the German descendants located?

Hypothesis: There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 2]


Premise: What is the common assumption of what Bern was named after?

Hypothesis: As a result of the find of the Bern zinc tablet in the 1980s, it is now more common to assume that the city was named after a pre-existing toponym of Celtic origin, possibly *berna "cleft".


Premise: What do Jonathon Israel claim caused the change that eventually led to the revolutions of the latter half of the 18th centure and early 19th century?

Hypothesis: Jonathan Israel rejects the attempts of postmodern and Marxian historians to understand the revolutionary ideas of the period purely as by-products of social and economic transformations.


Premise: In What season did Diana DeGarmo come in second on American Idol?

Hypothesis: Prior to the announcement of the winner, season five finalist Ace Young proposed marriage to season three runner-up Diana DeGarmo on stage – which she accepted.


Premise: In what year did the Manhattan Neighborhood Network begin?

Hypothesis: WNYC, a public radio station owned by the city until 1997, has the largest public radio audience in the United States.


Premise: What year was the Treaty of Paris signed?

Hypothesis: In compliance with article III, Russia restored to the Ottoman Empire the city and citadel of Kars in common with "all other parts of the Ottoman territory of which the Russian troop were in possession".


Premise: How many free people of color lived in Charleston in 1860?

Hypothesis: By 1860, 3,785 free people of color were in Charleston, nearly 18% of the city's black population, and 8% of the total population.


Premise: What was the first public building to install electric lighting?

Hypothesis: In 1881, the Savoy Theatre in the City of Westminster, London was lit by Swan incandescent lightbulbs, which was the first theatre, and the first public building in the world, to be lit entirely by electricity.


Premise: What may in part reflect subjective attributes, self-identities and social institutions?

Hypothesis: Because in some societies racial groupings correspond closely with patterns of social stratification, for social scientists studying social inequality, race can be a significant variable.


Premise: What did many people who handled the DualShock 3 say it was compared to the Sixaxis?

Hypothesis: Hands-on accounts describe the controller as being noticeably heavier than the standard Sixaxis controller and capable of vibration forces comparable to DualShock 2.


Premise: What group took issue with the Roman canons?

Hypothesis: Roman canon law had been criticized by the Presbyterians as early as 1572 in the Admonition to Parliament.


Premise: According to Byzantine historiographers, tribes of Slavs emerged from what areas?

Hypothesis: Byzantine historiographers under Justinian I (527–565), such as Procopius of Caesarea, Jordanes and Theophylact Simocatta describe tribes of these names emerging from the area of the Carpathian Mountains, the lower Danube and the Black Sea, invading the Danubian provinces of the Eastern Empire.


Premise: What case centered around a bootlegger caught through phone tapping?

Hypothesis: After the 1967 case Katz v. United States overturned the 1927 case that had allowed bugging, Congress passed the Omnibus Crime Control Act, allowing public authorities to tap telephones during investigations as long as they obtain a warrant beforehand.


Premise: Who discovered the drug that was ultimately marketed as Lyrica?

Hypothesis: The bulk of revenue has come from a patent on pregabalin, a synthesized organic molecule discovered by chemistry professor Richard Silverman, which ultimately was marketed as Lyrica, a drug sold by Pfizer, to combat epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and fibromyalgia.


Premise: Where are the verticals found repeated in the interior of Gothic buildings?

Hypothesis: In many Gothic churches, particularly in France, and in the Perpendicular period of English Gothic architecture, the treatment of vertical elements in gallery and window tracery creates a strongly unifying feature that counteracts the horizontal divisions of the interior structure.


Premise: Which sectors have experienced a reduction in federal government expenditures?

Hypothesis: The Swiss Federal budget had a size of 62.8 billion Swiss francs in 2010, which is an equivalent 11.35% of the country's GDP in that year; however, the regional (canton) budgets and the budgets of the municipalities are not counted as part of the federal budget and the total rate of government spending is closer to 33.8% of GDP.


Premise: ZnO can be dissolved in what kind of solutions?

Hypothesis: Of the four halides, ZnF_2 has the most ionic character, whereas the others (ZnCl_2, ZnBr_2, and ZnI_2) have relatively low melting points and are considered to have more covalent character.


Premise: What did Egyptian artists grind to use to paint on the walls of tombs or on papyrus?

Hypothesis: For painting on the walls of tombs or on papyrus, Egyptian artists used finely-ground malachite, mined in the west Sinai and the eastern desert- A paintbox with malachite pigment was found inside the tomb of King Tutankhamun.


Premise: Who bombarded the city of Strasbourg?

Hypothesis: The bombardment of the city was meant to break the morale of the people of Strasbourg.


Premise: Where do semiplamated sandpiper C. pusilla migrate to?

Hypothesis: A similar situation occurs with waders (called shorebirds in North America).


Premise: How many people were confirmed dead only in the Sichuan province?

Hypothesis: Official figures (as of July 21, 2008 12:00 CST) stated that 69,197 were confirmed dead, including 68,636 in Sichuan province, and 374,176 injured, with 18,222 listed as missing.


Premise: Where was the location of the Battle of Gravelotte?

Hypothesis: It was fought about 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Metz, where on the previous day, having intercepted the French army's retreat to the west at the Battle of Mars-La-Tour, the Prussians were now closing in to complete the destruction of the French forces.


Premise: Which new state capital was founded in 1709?

Hypothesis: In 1709, Antonio de Deza y Ulloa founded the state capital Chihuahua City; shortly after, the city became the headquarters for the regional mining offices of the Spanish crown known as Real de Minas de San Francisco de Cuéllar in honor of the Viceroy of New Spain, Francisco Fernández de la Cueva Enríquez, Duke of Alburquerque and the Marquee of Cuéllar..


Premise: What has disappeared, then been recreated in order to perform music of the period?

Hypothesis: Many instruments originated during the Renaissance; others were variations of, or improvements upon, instruments that had existed previously.


Premise: What common ingredients are in Israeli cuisine?

Hypothesis: Schnitzel, pizza, hamburgers, French fries, rice and salad are also very common in Israel.[citation needed]


Premise: On what date was Frédéric baptised?

Hypothesis: Fryderyk was baptized on Easter Sunday, 23 April 1810, in the same church where his parents had married, in Brochów.


Premise: To whom was a new temple dedicated on the Alban Mount?

Hypothesis: Rome's affinity to the Latins allowed two Latin cults within the pomoerium: and the cult to Hercules at the ara maxima in the Forum Boarium was established through commercial connections with Tibur. and the Tusculan cult of Castor as the patron of cavalry found a home close to the Forum Romanum: Juno Sospita and Juno Regina were brought from Italy, and Fortuna Primigenia from Praeneste.


Premise: What subject matter does post-punk commonly mesh its musical sensibilities with?

Hypothesis: The movement also saw the frequent intersection of music with art and politics, as artists liberally drew on sources such as critical theory, cinema, performance art and modernist literature.


Premise: What is an example of something that serves a function other than protection?

Hypothesis: Articles carried rather than worn (such as purses), worn on a single part of the body and easily removed (scarves), worn purely for adornment (jewelry), or those that serve a function other than protection (eyeglasses), are normally considered accessories rather than clothing, as are footwear and hats.


Premise: The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is only recognized by what country?

Hypothesis: The international community considers the northern part of the island as territory of the Republic of Cyprus occupied by Turkish forces.


Premise: How many campus buildings are candidates for LEED design and certification?

Hypothesis: Eleven campus buildings are candidates for LEED design and certification.


Premise: This species relies on other species to provide a reproductive host for their offspring.

Hypothesis: Parasitoids are organisms living in or on their host and feeding directly upon it, eventually leading to its death.


Premise: Do early or late maturing girls have more unwanted pregnancies?

Hypothesis: In addition to having earlier sexual experiences and more unwanted pregnancies than late maturing girls, early maturing girls are more exposed to alcohol and drug abuse.


Premise: What does the acronym HMWSSB represent?

Hypothesis: The HMDA is an apolitical urban planning agency that covers the GHMC and its suburbs, extending to 54 mandals in five districts encircling the city.


Premise: What is the temperature like year around in the desert?

Hypothesis: The primary source of rain in the Sahara is the equatorial low a continuous belt of low-pressure systems near the equator which bring the brief, short and irregular rainy season to the Sahel and the southern Sahara.


Premise: What were the first conflicts of the American Revolution?

Hypothesis: When shooting began at Lexington and Concord in April 1775, militia units from across New England rushed to Boston and bottled up the British in the city.


Premise: Which language is associated with the western branch of Iranian?

Hypothesis: Certain is only that Avestan (all forms) and Old Persian are distinct, and since Old Persian is "western", and Avestan was not Old Persian, Avestan acquired a default assignment to "eastern".


Premise: What are the software testers aware of?

Hypothesis: The testers are only aware of what the software is supposed to do, not how it does it.


Premise: On what day was the first atomic blast?

Hypothesis: Based on his observation alone, von Neumann estimated the test had resulted in a blast equivalent to 5 kilotons of TNT (21 TJ) but Enrico Fermi produced a more accurate estimate of 10 kilotons by dropping scraps of torn-up paper as the shock wave passed his location and watching how far they scattered.


Premise: In what year was the Great Northern War fought?

Hypothesis: By that time, Soviet Russia had gained roughly the same borders of the old Tsardom of Russia before the Great Northern War of 1700.


Premise: What does the Avicenna Directories contain?

Hypothesis: The project team stated "Why Avicenna?


Premise: What is the liturgical language of Islam?

Hypothesis: Officially, North African countries prefer to give preference to the Literary Arabic and conduct much of their political and religious life in it (adherence to Islam), and refrain from declaring each country's specific variety to be a separate language, because Literary Arabic is the liturgical language of Islam and the language of the Islamic sacred book, the Qur'an.


Premise: Who built the Nehemiah Homes?

Hypothesis: Groups affiliated with churches in the South Bronx erected the Nehemiah Homes with about 1,000 units.


Premise: Which early MPEG layer used CBR?

Hypothesis: Early MPEG Layer III encoders used what is now called Constant Bit Rate (CBR).


Premise: Vipassana meditation can reveal how the mind was what?

Hypothesis: In Buddhist practice, it is said that while samatha meditation can calm the mind, only vipassanā meditation can reveal how the mind was disturbed to start with, which is what leads to insight knowledge (jñāna; Pāli ñāṇa) and understanding (prajñā Pāli paññā), and thus can lead to nirvāṇa (Pāli nibbāna).


Premise: Who organized Live Aid?

Hypothesis: The show's organisers, Bob Geldof and Midge Ure, other musicians such as Elton John, Cliff Richard and Dave Grohl, and music journalists writing for the BBC, CNN, Rolling Stone, MTV, The Telegraph among others, stated that Queen stole the show.


Premise: How many votes did Cronin get against Kerry?

Hypothesis: The race was the most expensive for Congress in the country that year and four days before the general election, Durkin withdrew and endorsed Cronin, hoping to see Kerry defeated.


Premise: What does the term "prehension" signify regarding an entities perceptions and relations?

Hypothesis: In this way, entities are constituted by their perceptions and relations, rather than being independent of them.


Premise: Which ships are used for carrying and landing Marines?

Hypothesis: Modern navies that operate such aircraft carriers treat them as the capital ship of the fleet, a role previously held by the battleship.


Premise: What is it called when a law disallows copyright owners from denying a license for certain uses?

Hypothesis: Another example is the practice of compulsory licensing, which is where the law forbids copyright owners from denying a license for certain uses of certain kinds of works, such as compilations and live performances of music.


Premise: What is the definition of ASCII?

Hypothesis: ASCII was the most common character encoding on the World Wide Web until December 2007, when it was surpassed by UTF-8, which is fully backward compatibe to ASCII.


Premise: Who was elected Prime Minister in 1999?

Hypothesis: Ehud Barak, elected Prime Minister in 1999, began the new millennium by withdrawing forces from Southern Lebanon and conducting negotiations with Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat and U.S. President Bill Clinton at the 2000 Camp David Summit.


Premise: How many stations are there on the Delhi Metro?

Hypothesis: The network consists of six lines with a total length of 189.63 kilometres (117.83 miles) with 142 stations, of which 35 are underground, five are at-grade, and the remainder are elevated.


Premise: When was the administrative county of Lancashire created?

Hypothesis: The area served by the Lord-Lieutenant (termed now a ceremonial county) covered the entirety of the administrative county and the county boroughs, and was expanded whenever boroughs annexed areas in neighbouring counties such as Wythenshawe in Manchester south of the River Mersey and historically in Cheshire, and southern Warrington.


Premise: Who is responsible for appointing the Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory of Delhi?

Hypothesis: The head of state of Delhi is the Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory of Delhi, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the Central government and the post is largely ceremonial, as the Chief Minister of the Union Territory of Delhi is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers.


Premise: Why was United Stated excluded from League of Nations Council?

Hypothesis: The victorious great powers also gained an acknowledgement of their status through permanent seats at the League of Nations Council, where they acted as a type of executive body directing the Assembly of the League.


Premise: What does the green cedar of Lebanon tree represent on the Flag of Lebanon?

Hypothesis: The green cedar of Lebanon tree on the Flag of Lebanon officially represents steadiness and tolerance.


Premise: What did Reformers increase so that their followers could read the Bible?

Hypothesis: By the middle of the eighteenth century, the literacy rate in England was about 60 per cent, in Scotland 65 per cent, and in Sweden eight of ten men and women were able to read and to write.


Premise: What year saw the crash of the Miami housing market?

Hypothesis: In 2011, Forbes magazine named Miami the second-most miserable city in the United States due to its high foreclosure rate and past decade of corruption among public officials.


Premise: What entity believes itself to have the longest standing internal mechanism of laws in Western Europe?

Hypothesis: What began with rules ("canons") adopted by the Apostles at the Council of Jerusalem in the first century has developed into a highly complex legal system encapsulating not just norms of the New Testament, but some elements of the Hebrew (Old Testament), Roman, Visigothic, Saxon, and Celtic legal traditions.


Premise: What percent of Armenian children go to preschool?

Hypothesis: In addition, 35% of eligible children attended preschools.


Premise: What two artists created four variations of the Concerto in C Major Op 3 6?

Hypothesis: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart placed it in his 1787 work Don Giovanni and Beethoven created four variations of it.


Premise: What Uncle was Victoria's favorite adviser?

Hypothesis: However at 17, Victoria, though interested in Albert, was not yet ready to marry.


Premise: What do Fick's laws do?

Hypothesis: In 1855, Adolf Fick formulated Fick's laws that enabled the calculation of the rates of molecular diffusion in biological systems.


Premise: How did Eisenhower respond to the offer to become a Philippine police chief?

Hypothesis: He also learned to fly, making a solo flight over the Philippines in 1937 and obtained his private pilot's license in 1939 at Fort Lewis.


Premise: Hammer and others recently aimed to test what claim about how closely related present-day Jews are to what group?

Hypothesis: As an example, she refers to recent work by Hammer et al., which aimed to test the claim that present-day Jews are more closely related to one another than to neighbouring non-Jewish populations.


Premise: What two things did Cubism in the early 20th century form an important link between?

Hypothesis: Though there are many points of intersection between Cubism and architecture, only a few direct links between them can be drawn.


Premise: What percent of the bus systems use alternate fuels?

Hypothesis: Eighty-two percent of the city's public works vehicles now run on alternative fuels, including nearly 100% of the municipal bus system, making it among the largest such fleets in the country.


Premise: What Greek song won the Eurovision Song Contest in 2005?

Hypothesis: In 2005, Greece won with the song "My Number One", performed by Greek-Swedish singer Elena Paparizou.


Premise: With which political group was David Steel affiliated?

Hypothesis: In 1978, Hayek came into conflict with the Liberal Party leader, David Steel, who claimed that liberty was possible only with "social justice and an equitable distribution of wealth and power, which in turn require a degree of active government intervention" and that the Conservative Party were more concerned with the connection between liberty and private enterprise than between liberty and democracy.


Premise: After Planck's findings, what was determined could not take on an arbitrary value?

Hypothesis: Eventually, following upon Planck's discovery, it was recognized that physical action cannot take on an arbitrary value.


Premise: Who was the CEO in 1914?

Hypothesis: In 1924 the Quarter Century Club, which recognizes employees with 25 years of service, was organized and the first issue of Business Machines, IBM's internal publication, was published.


Premise: At what river was Hasdrubal Barca defeated at?

Hypothesis: Hannibal was recalled to Africa, and defeated at the Battle of Zama.


Premise: What interface type did the original Macintosh include?

Hypothesis: This first model was later renamed to "Macintosh 128k" for uniqueness amongst a populous family of subsequently updated models which are also based on Apple's same proprietary architecture.


Premise: In what year was the French term Lumieres first used?

Hypothesis: The term "Enlightenment" emerged in English in the later part of the 19th century, with particular reference to French philosophy, as the equivalent of the French term 'Lumières' (used first by Dubos in 1733 and already well established by 1751).


Premise: How many times was Schwarzenegger awarded the Mr. Olympia title?

Hypothesis: Schwarzenegger has remained a prominent presence in bodybuilding and has written many books and articles on the sport.


Premise: What triggered the Tientsin Massacre?

Hypothesis: The period of cooperation between the reformers and the European powers ended with the Tientsin Massacre of 1870, which was incited by the murder of French nuns set off by the belligerence of local French diplomats.


Premise: What colleague of Democritus, also a Greek philosopher, helped him propose the particulate theory of matter?

Hypothesis: The idea that matter was built of discrete building blocks, the so-called particulate theory of matter, was first put forward by the Greek philosophers Leucippus (~490 BC) and Democritus (~470–380 BC).


Premise: What is often related to hunting?

Hypothesis: On ancient reliefs, especially from Mesopotamia, kings are often depicted as hunters of big game such as lions and are often portrayed hunting from a war chariot.


Premise: Where was the city originally located?

Hypothesis: By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America, and it remained among the 10 largest cities in the United States through the 1840 census.


Premise: When did Green make a deal to shore up the starting rotation?

Hypothesis: Joe Carter (who was with the Triple-A Iowa Cubs at the time) and center fielder Mel Hall were sent to Cleveland for Sutcliffe and back-up catcher Ron Hassey (.333 with Cubs in 1984).


Premise: What is the meaning of the term Kurdus in English?

Hypothesis: The Diwan of Umar, assigning annuities to all Arabs and to the Muslim soldiers of other races, underwent a change in the hands of the Umayyads.


Premise: How many marks did the church lose?

Hypothesis: John simply tightened his existing measures and accrued significant sums from the income of vacant sees and abbeys: one 1213 estimate, for example, suggested the church had lost an estimated 100,000 marks (equivalent to £66,666 at the time) to John.


Premise: Following the departure of the Soviet immigrants what was the percentage of Estonians in Estonia?

Hypothesis: The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%.


Premise: What is the first step in the Royal Institute's guidelines for education?

Hypothesis: Part I which is generally a three-year first degree, a year-out of at least one year work experience in an architectural practice precedes the Part II which is generally a two-year post graduate diploma or masters.


Premise: What type of media was included with purchase of the U2 version of the iPod?

Hypothesis: Like its predecessor, this iPod has engraved the signatures of the four members of the band on its back, but this one was the first time the company changed the colour of the metal (not silver but black).


Premise: What country has been increasing its support for the fossil fuel and nuclear industries?

Hypothesis: However, the United States has been increasing its support for the fossil fuel and nuclear industries.


Premise: What section of the Endangered Species Act establishes critical habitat regulations?

Hypothesis: The provision of the law in Section 4 that establishes critical habitat is a regulatory link between habitat protection and recovery goals, requiring the identification and protection of all lands, water and air necessary to recover endangered species.


Premise: Did Bortolazzi like playing the new wire strung mandolins?

Hypothesis: , Bartolomeo Bortolazzi popularised the Cremonese mandolin, which had four single-strings and a fixed bridge, to which the strings were attached.


Premise: In which architectural style is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart at Notre Dame made?

Hypothesis: It is built in French Revival style and it is decorated by stained glass windows imported directly from France.


Premise: In the United States, what units are used when stating the measurements of paper thickness?

Hypothesis: The thickness of paper is often measured by caliper, which is typically given in thousandths of an inch in the United States and in thousandths of a mm in the rest of the world.


Premise: What drug does Nigeria ship from Asia to Europe and America?

Hypothesis: Nigerian criminal groups are heavily involved in drug trafficking, shipping heroin from Asian countries to Europe and America; and cocaine from South America to Europe and South Africa. .


Premise: What do some news commentators claim is violated by the restricted immigration proposal?

Hypothesis: On 9 February 2014, Swiss voters narrowly approved by 50.3% a ballot initiative launched by the national conservative Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC) to restrict immigration, and thus reintroducing a quota system on the influx of foreigners.


Premise: What was the time span of the Roman Republic?

Hypothesis: During the Roman Republic (509–27 BC), the same men who were elected public officials might also serve as augurs and pontiffs.


Premise: What is the European equivalent of "Qi"?

Hypothesis: About the same time in Italy, Alcmaeon of Croton (a Greek) wrote of the importance of equilibrium between what goes in and what goes out, and warned that imbalance would result disease marked by obesity or emaciation.


Premise: What was the name of Throbbing Gristle's record label?

Hypothesis: The innovative production techniques devised by post-punk producers such as Martin Hannett and Dennis Bovell during this period would become an important element of the emerging music, with studio experimentation taking a central role.


Premise: The term alp, alm, albe or alpe refers to what in modern languages?

Hypothesis: In modern languages the term alp, alm, albe or alpe refers to a grazing pastures in the alpine regions below the glaciers, not the peaks.


Premise: Who first recognized that hydrogen was a discrete substance?

Hypothesis: Hydrogen gas was first artificially produced in the early 16th century, via the mixing of metals with acids.


Premise: Napoleon was elected Emperor of the French by more than what percentage of voters?

Hypothesis: As with the Life Consulate two years earlier, this referendum produced heavy participation, bringing out almost 3.6 million voters to the polls.


Premise: How many people are employed at AP-HP?

Hypothesis: Health care and emergency medical service in the city of Paris and its suburbs are provided by the Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), a public hospital system that employs more than 90,000 people (including practitioners, support personnel, and administrators) in 44 hospitals.


Premise: What sitcom did the Archie Bunker character feature in?

Hypothesis: The character Archie Bunker from the 1970s sitcom All in the Family (played by Carroll O'Connor) was a notable example of having used this pattern of speech, which continues to fade in its overall presence.


Premise: Why did the Old Guard say Eisenhower should void the Yalta Agreements?

Hypothesis: At this time Eisenhower gave his Chance for Peace speech in which he attempted, unsuccessfully, to forestall the nuclear arms race with the Soviet Union by suggesting multiple opportunities presented by peaceful uses of nuclear materials.


Premise: When was a demonstration by Henry Babbage of the mill given?

Hypothesis: The machine was about a century ahead of its time.


Premise: What is the limestone cap of the seamount made from?

Hypothesis: The top of the seamount has gone through periods of complete submergence, during which its limestone cap was formed by marine organisms, and during the Ice Ages the entire caldera was above sea level, forming an island of approximately two hundred square miles.


Premise: Most courtship displays involve some type of what?

Hypothesis: Breeding usually involves some form of courtship display, typically performed by the male.


Premise: What is charged at KU's specialized professional schools?

Hypothesis: Beginning in the 2007–2008 academic year, first-time freshman at KU pay a fixed tuition rate for 48 months according to the Four-Year Tuition Compact passed by the Kansas Board of Regents.


Premise: What type of people was the new paper supposed to attract?

Hypothesis: Its initial print run of 3.5 million was attributed to 'curiosity' and the 'advantage of novelty', and had declined to the previous circulation of the Daily Herald (1.2 million) within a few weeks.


Premise: Mont Blanc, the Matterhorn, and peaks in the Pennine Alps cosist of what?

Hypothesis: Peaks such as Mont Blanc, the Matterhorn, and high peaks in the Pennine Alps, the Briançonnais, and Hohe Tauern consist of layers of rock from the various orogenies including exposures of basement rock.


Premise: Where was the Macintosh 128K manufactured?

Hypothesis: The company announced the Macintosh 128K—manufactured at an Apple factory in Fremont, California—in October 1983, followed by an 18-page brochure included with various magazines in December.


Premise: Whose earlier work did Nicholas Vavilov build upon?

Hypothesis: Building on the extensive earlier work of Alphonse de Candolle, Nikolai Vavilov (1887–1943) produced accounts of the biogeography, centres of origin, and evolutionary history of economic plants.


Premise: What was the capital of the Sultanate of Ifat?

Hypothesis: The Sultanate of Ifat, led by the Walashma dynasty with its capital at Zeila, ruled over parts of what is now eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northern Somalia.


Premise: What is the male who is father of the pups called?

Hypothesis: The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam.


Premise: What widely-used product is almost always made of wood fibers?

Hypothesis: Such wood derivatives are widely used: wood fibers are an important component of most paper, and cellulose is used as a component of some synthetic materials.


Premise: What type of degree is an M.Div.?

Hypothesis: The program expanded to include Master of Laws (LL.M.) and Master of Civil Engineering in its early stages of growth, before a formal graduate school education was developed with a thesis not required to receive the degrees.


Premise: Opera is also available on which video game console?

Hypothesis: Its Opera-mini version has an additive share, in April 2011 amounting to 1.1% of overall browser use, but focused on the fast-growing mobile phone web browser market, being preinstalled on over 40 million phones.


Premise: What type of producer was Martin Hannett?

Hypothesis: The innovative production techniques devised by post-punk producers such as Martin Hannett and Dennis Bovell during this period would become an important element of the emerging music, with studio experimentation taking a central role.


Premise: What is a Pirani gauge sensitive to?

Hypothesis: These gauges are accurate from 10 torr to 10−3 torr, but they are sensitive to the chemical composition of the gases being measured.


Premise: Who designed MP3?

Hypothesis: MP3 was designed by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) as part of its MPEG-1 standard and later extended in the MPEG-2 standard.


Premise: What illnesses did Gaddafi claim would afflict invading colonialists?

Hypothesis: Should these 'enemies' come to Africa, "they will get malaria and sleeping sickness".


Premise: How many people did Ireland lose to the potato blight?

Hypothesis: In the next four years over a million Irish people died and another million emigrated in what became known as the Great Famine.


Premise: What move did Tazz make popular?

Hypothesis: A wrestler with a signature submission technique is portrayed as better at applying the hold, making it more painful or more difficult to get out of than others who use it, or can be falsely credited as inventing the hold (such as when Tazz popularized the kata ha jime judo choke in pro wrestling as the "Tazzmission").


Premise: What is the highest street number in the Bronx?

Hypothesis: However, the numbering continues in the Bronx up to 263rd Street.


Premise: What is a representation of Mary at the Crucifixion called?

Hypothesis: Mary is also depicted as being present among the women at the crucifixion during the crucifixion standing near "the disciple whom Jesus loved" along with Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene,[Jn 19:25-26] to which list Matthew 27:56 adds "the mother of the sons of Zebedee", presumably the Salome mentioned in Mark 15:40.


Premise: Who did Songtsan Gampo marry in 640?

Hypothesis: In 640 he married Princess Wencheng, the niece of the powerful Chinese emperor Taizong of Tang China.


Premise: What year was the Opium war?

Hypothesis: After the Opium War in 1842, Xiamen (Amoy) became one of the major treaty ports to be opened for trade with the outside world.


Premise: What year did Victoria's second son Alfred die?

Hypothesis: In July, her second son Alfred ("Affie") died; "Oh, God!


Premise: What two points did he write about?

Hypothesis: To do so, the cause must be an existing thing and coexist with its effect.


Premise: What consists of 25 pigmented squares touching a plate below a phosphorescent tablet under the light of a burning Magnesium ribbon?

Hypothesis: The Warnerke Standard Sensitometer consisted of a frame holding an opaque screen with an array of typically 25 numbered, gradually pigmented squares brought into contact with the photographic plate during a timed test exposure under a phosphorescent tablet excited before by the light of a burning Magnesium ribbon.


Premise: Who designed MP3?

Hypothesis: The first subgroup for audio was formed by several teams of engineers at Fraunhofer IIS, University of Hannover, AT&T-Bell Labs, Thomson-Brandt, CCETT, and others.


Premise: Who describes the Jehovah's Witnesses' leadership as being totalitarian?

Hypothesis: Former members Heather and Gary Botting compare the cultural paradigms of the religion to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four, and Alan Rogerson describes the religion's leadership as totalitarian.


Premise: What does LIFE project stand for?

Hypothesis: The Ministry of Environment and Tourism with the financial support from organisations such as USAID, Endangered Wildlife Trust, WWF, and Canadian Ambassador's Fund, together form a Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) support structure.


Premise: Who did Kangxi fight?

Hypothesis: To extend and consolidate the dynasty's control in Central Asia, the Kangxi Emperor personally led a series of military campaigns against the Dzungars in Outer Mongolia.


Premise: What does Utrecht's economy  depend on

Hypothesis: Production industry constitutes a small part of the economy of Utrecht.


Premise: Who is in the executive branch?

Hypothesis: The executive branch consists of the Governor, their staff, and other elected officials.


Premise: Travelling to work has been observed to be about how long for a large number of cities over a long period?

Hypothesis: The question concerns how time is allocated across a number of activities (such as time spent at home, at work, shopping, etc.).


Premise: How much water is contained in Shockoe Retention Basin?

Hypothesis: This plant can treat up to 70 million gallons of water per day of sanitary sewage and stormwater before returning it to the river.


Premise: What did she agree to do for 50 million dollars in 2012?

Hypothesis: In 2012, Beyoncé signed a $50 million deal to endorse Pepsi.


Premise: What is the one-party system often compared with?

Hypothesis: The one-party system is thus usually equated with dictatorships and tyranny.


Premise: How many more bridges have been built since the first one was completed?

Hypothesis: The bridge was a source of pride and an important symbol of modern China, having been built and designed by the Chinese themselves following failed surveys by other nations and the reliance on and then rejection of Soviet expertise.


Premise: The Ottoman Empire caused navigators from which two nations to find another route to the Orient?

Hypothesis: The Empire controlled the spice route that Marco Polo once used.


Premise: Dogs are  very well attuned to what other species' behaviors?

Hypothesis: As the oldest domesticated species, with estimates ranging from 9,000–30,000 years BCE, the minds of dogs inevitably have been shaped by millennia of contact with humans.


Premise: When did Alexis Phifer and Kanye West get engaged?

Hypothesis: West began an on-and-off relationship with designer Alexis Phifer in 2002, and they became engaged in August 2006.


Premise: How many warships does the Royal Canadian Navy have?

Hypothesis: The RCN participates in NATO exercises and operations, and ships are deployed all over the world in support of multinational deployments.


Premise: Which Russian was involved in naming the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: Around 1820, Russian explorer Adam Johann von Krusenstern and the French explorer Louis Isidore Duperrey named the islands after John Marshall, and drew maps of the islands.


Premise: What institution controls BYU?

Hypothesis: The university also administers two satellite campuses, one in Jerusalem and one in Salt Lake City, while its parent organization, the Church Educational System (CES), sponsors sister schools in Hawaii and Idaho.


Premise: Who commissioned the Joe Luis memorial?

Hypothesis: A memorial to Joe Louis at the intersection of Jefferson and Woodward Avenues was dedicated on October 16, 1986.


Premise: What varies greatly?

Hypothesis: The use of traditional Chinese characters versus simplified Chinese characters varies greatly, and can depend on both the local customs and the medium.


Premise: What was the Kennedy half dollar replaced with?

Hypothesis: From 1965 to 1970 the Kennedy half dollar was the only circulating coin with any silver content, which was removed in 1971 and replaced with cupronickel.


Premise: What US Chief of Staff of the US Air Force also resigned in June of 2008?

Hypothesis: On 5 June 2008, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, accepted the resignations of both the Secretary of the Air Force, Michael Wynne, and the Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force, General T. Michael Moseley.


Premise: How did Nigerians view the Shagari administration?

Hypothesis: Beginning in 1979, Nigerians participated in a brief return to democracy when Olusegun Obasanjo transferred power to the civilian regime of Shehu Shagari.


Premise: Works from the Golden Age of music matches action to what?

Hypothesis: Notable examples are Walt Disney's Fantasia, Tom and Jerry's Johann Mouse, and Warner Bros.' Rabbit of Seville and What's Opera, Doc?.


Premise: What political movement was Paul VI criticized for having a relationship with?

Hypothesis: Others questioned his Ostpolitik and contacts with Communism and the deals he engaged in for the faithful.


Premise: Which movie was a modern version of Thunderball?

Hypothesis: This enabled him to become a producer for the 1965 film Thunderball—with Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman as executive producers—and the non-Eon film Never Say Never Again, an updated remake of Thunderball, in 1983.[N 3] A second remake, entitled Warhead 2000 A.D., was planned for production and release in the 1990s before being abandoned.


Premise: What pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents are provided by the Watch Tower Society to prohibit?

Hypothesis: Though Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions of whole blood, they may accept some blood plasma fractions at their own discretion.


Premise: What anaesthetic helped her give birth to her eighth child?

Hypothesis: Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child, Beatrice, despite opposition from members of the clergy, who considered it against biblical teaching, and members of the medical profession, who thought it dangerous.


Premise: who were the european electronica artists that inspired detroit techno?

Hypothesis: This sound, also influenced by European electronica (Kraftwerk, Art of Noise), Japanese synthpop (Yellow Magic Orchestra), early B-boy Hip-Hop (Man Parrish, Soul Sonic Force) and Italo disco (Doctor's Cat, Ris, Klein M.B.O.), was further pioneered by Juan Atkins, Derrick May, and Kevin Saunderson, the "godfathers" of Detroit Techno.[citation needed]


Premise: What was the initial purpose of the BitTorrent protocol?

Hypothesis: The BitTorrent protocol established an entirely decentralised network architecture in order to distribute large files effectively.


Premise: What is the name of the Libyan leader opposed by US and UN forces?

Hypothesis: Throughout the conflict however, the U.S. maintained it was playing a supporting role only and was following the UN mandate to protect civilians, while the real conflict was between Gaddafi's loyalists and Libyan rebels fighting to depose him.


Premise: Because of copper's biostatic properties where is a common use for copper?

Hypothesis: Copper is biostatic, meaning bacteria will not grow on it.


Premise: The new Iranian government purged itself of what political opposition?

Hypothesis: The new government went about purging itself of the non-Islamist political opposition.


Premise: When did Panama's Department stores first start?

Hypothesis: All the others have either folded or declined although Cocos has managed to secure a good position in the market.


Premise: How many species of fungi have been found on Antarctica?

Hypothesis: Some of these fungi are also apparently endemic to Antarctica.


Premise: Since what year has production of solar cells in China expanded 100-fold?

Hypothesis: As Chinese renewable manufacturing has grown, the costs of renewable energy technologies have dropped.


Premise: Who ordered research on the Herald?

Hypothesis: Research commissioned by Cecil King from Mark Abrams of Sussex University, The Newspaper Reading Public of Tomorrow, identified demographic changes which suggested reasons why the Herald might be in decline.


Premise: What favorable developments occurred for Prussia in Hanover?

Hypothesis: Over the winter the new commander of the Hanoverian forces, Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick, regrouped his army and launched a series of offensives that drove the French back across the River Rhine.


Premise: what was the  highest rank an Indian could be in the EIC army

Hypothesis: Promotion for both British and Indian soldiers was strictly by seniority, so Indian soldiers rarely reached the commissioned ranks of Jamadar or Subadar before they were middle aged at best.


Premise: Did he think that the people that had exiled him were true believers?

Hypothesis: They are, it is true, in the places, but outside of the true Faith; while you are outside the places indeed, but the Faith, within you.


Premise: What year did Mt St. Helens erupt causing devastating damage?

Hypothesis: There has not been a major life-threatening eruption on the Hawaiian islands since the 17th century.


Premise: What particular kind of scientist was George Hudson?

Hypothesis: Many publications credit DST's proposal to the prominent English builder and outdoorsman William Willett, who independently conceived DST in 1905 during a pre-breakfast ride, when he observed with dismay how many Londoners slept through a large part of a summer's day.


Premise: At what institution of higher education is the Tisch School of the Arts located?

Hypothesis: Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, anchoring Lincoln Square on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, is home to numerous influential arts organizations, including the Metropolitan Opera, New York City Opera, New York Philharmonic, and New York City Ballet, as well as the Vivian Beaumont Theater, the Juilliard School, Jazz at Lincoln Center, and Alice Tully Hall.


Premise: What mode of public transportation in New Haven phased out the trolley service in the 1920's and 1930's?

Hypothesis: The City of New Haven is in the very early stages of considering the restoration of streetcar (light-rail) service, which has been absent since the postwar period.


Premise: What causes osmotic diarrhea?

Hypothesis: If a person drinks solutions with excessive sugar or excessive salt, these can draw water from the body into the bowel and cause osmotic diarrhea.


Premise: Why were the displays of the ten Commandments allowed?

Hypothesis: On December 20, 2005, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ruled in the case of ACLU v. Mercer County that the continued display of the Ten Commandments as part of a larger display on American legal traditions in a Kentucky courthouse was allowed, because the purpose of the display (educating the public on American legal traditions) was secular in nature.


Premise: To the end of which era could you find 16 rpm setting on record players?

Hypothesis: Peter Goldmark, the man who developed the 33 1⁄3 rpm record, developed the Highway Hi-Fi 16 2⁄3 rpm record to be played in Chrysler automobiles, but poor performance of the system and weak implementation by Chrysler and Columbia led to the demise of the 16 2⁄3 rpm records.


Premise: What is the most substantial part of a birds antomy as it apples to consupmtion og the meat?

Hypothesis: The wings are also eaten (Buffalo wings are a popular example in the United States) and may be split into three segments, the meatier "drumette", the "wingette" (also called the "flat"), and the wing tip (also called the "flapper").


Premise: What sources of energy does Switzerland heavily rely on?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, according to the 2014 Environmental Performance Index, Switzerland ranks first among 132 nations in safeguarding the environment, due to its high scores on environmental public health, its heavy reliance on renewable sources of energy (hydropower and geothermal energy), and its control of greenhouse gas emissions.


Premise: What percentage absorption do F-4 epoxies have?

Hypothesis: Epoxies of the FR-4 materials aren't too susceptible, with absorption of only 0.15%.


Premise: What term describes the qualities of the relationship between Frédéric and Liszt?

Hypothesis: Some commentators point to events in the two men's romantic lives which led to a rift between them; there are claims that Liszt had displayed jealousy of his mistress Marie d'Agoult's obsession with Chopin, while others believe that Chopin had become concerned about Liszt's growing relationship with George Sand.


Premise: Axons grouped together are known as what?

Hypothesis: Myelin is white, making parts of the brain filled exclusively with nerve fibers appear as light-colored white matter, in contrast to the darker-colored grey matter that marks areas with high densities of neuron cell bodies.


Premise: Why did some music lovers frown upon diaphragming?

Hypothesis: These techniques, marketed, to name two, as the CBS DisComputer and Teldec Direct Metal Mastering, were used to reduce inner-groove distortion.


Premise: How many universities were within Europe by the completion of the 18th century?

Hypothesis: At the end of the Middle Ages, about 400 years after the first university was founded, there were twenty-nine universities spread throughout Europe.