Premise: What year was the largest Presbyterian denomination brought to Mizoram?

Hypothesis: In the mainly Christian Indian state of Mizoram, the Presbyterian denomination is the largest denomination; it was brought to the region with missionaries from Wales in 1894.


Premise: Who were bishops appointed by?

Hypothesis: Foremost were the Benedictines whose great abbey churches vastly outnumbered any others in France and England.


Premise: Which bus operates on 10th Street between Avenues D and A and between West Street and Sixth Ave?

Hypothesis: The M8 bus operates on 10th Street in both directions between Avenue D and Avenue A, and eastbound between West Street and Sixth Avenue.


Premise: Which of the three earliest technological universities was founded most recently, in 1861?

Hypothesis: The earliest and most famous of these institutions are, respectively, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI, 1824), New York University Tandon School of Engineering (1854) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT, 1861).


Premise: What is the value of the contract between Under Armour and Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: On July 1, 2014, the University of Notre Dame and Under Armour reached an agreement in which Under Armour will provide uniforms, apparel,equipment, and monetary compensation to Notre Dame for 10 years.


Premise: What Queen album was released after Sheer Heart Attack?

Hypothesis: While recuperating, May was initially absent when the band started work on their third album, but he returned midway through the recording process.


Premise: Insect's molt when they outgrow what?

Hypothesis: The molting process begins as the insect's epidermis secretes a new epicuticle inside the old one.


Premise: When did Buckingham officially become the principle royal residence?

Hypothesis: Following the queen's marriage in 1840, her husband, Prince Albert, concerned himself with a reorganisation of the household offices and staff, and with the design faults of the palace.


Premise: Where did children go to work after doing farm work for so long?

Hypothesis: Over time, as real wages rose, parents became able to afford to send their children to school instead of work and as a result child labour declined, both before and after legislation.


Premise: What technique did Jesse McReynolds create?

Hypothesis: Other major bluegrass mandolinists who emerged in the early 1950s and are still active include Jesse McReynolds (of Jim and Jesse) who invented a syncopated banjo-roll-like style called crosspicking—and Bobby Osborne of the Osborne Brothers, who is a master of clarity and sparkling single-note runs.


Premise: How many people were reported missing or deceased due to the natural disaster of 2007 ?

Hypothesis: Humanitarian aid was requested but concerns about foreign military or intelligence presence in the country delayed the entry of United States military planes delivering medicine, food, and other supplies.


Premise: What are two ways to reverse an asthma attack?

Hypothesis: These episodes are usually associated with widespread but variable airflow obstruction within the lung that is often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment".


Premise: What nation provided the most legal immigrants to New York City in the Caribbean?

Hypothesis: Amidst a resurgence of Puerto Rican migration to New York City, this population had increased to approximately 1.3 million in the metropolitan area as of 2013.


Premise: What are some examples of this?

Hypothesis: During the 19th and 20th century, many national political parties organized themselves into international organizations along similar policy lines.


Premise: What is one element of English Dominican mysticism?

Hypothesis: English Dominican mysticism in the late medieval period differed from European strands of it in that, whereas European Dominican mysticism tended to concentrate on ecstatic experiences of union with the divine, English Dominican mysticism's ultimate focus was on a crucial dynamic in one's personal relationship with God.


Premise: What is one example of a limitation on the system?

Hypothesis: One problem is that the system is subject to gaming.


Premise: At what age did BYU's elected president in 1904, George H. Brimhall, receive his high school education?

Hypothesis: Joseph F. Smith, LDS Church president, settled the question for a time by asking that evolution not be taught at the school.


Premise: What undergraduate satirical magazine was founded in 2009?

Hypothesis: Northwestern Flipside is an undergraduate satirical magazine.


Premise: When did Puerto Rico resolve to request that the United States act on these results?

Hypothesis: Puerto Rico has been discussed as a potential 51st state of the United States.


Premise: English mysticism was composed of how many elements?


Premise: What were some different genres that emerged from ancient India's oral literary traditions?

Hypothesis: Early genres included drama, fables, sutras and epic poetry.


Premise: Who was the general manger of Sony's audio department in 1971?

Hypothesis: Heitaro Nakajima, who developed an early digital audio recorder within Japan's national public broadcasting organization NHK in 1970, became general manager of Sony's audio department in 1971.


Premise: What does RItch SAvin-Williams propose in this paper?

Hypothesis: He first suggests that greater priority should be given to sexual arousal and attraction over behaviour and identity because it is less prone to self- and other-deception, social conditions and variable meanings.


Premise: Who did the narrator confuse with Phyton?

Hypothesis: A female dragon named Delphyne (δελφύς, "womb"), who is obviously connected with Delphi and Apollo Delphinios, and a male serpent Typhon (τύφειν, "to smoke"), the adversary of Zeus in the Titanomachy, who the narrators confused with Python.


Premise: In what form is copper extracted?

Hypothesis: Most copper is mined or extracted as copper sulfides from large open pit mines in porphyry copper deposits that contain 0.4 to 1.0% copper.


Premise: What is the pinyin form of premier?

Hypothesis: The People's Republic of China constitution set a premier just one place below the National People's Congress in China.


Premise: How many awards was Beyoncé nominated for at the 57th annual Grammys?

Hypothesis: At the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in February 2015, Beyoncé was nominated for six awards, ultimately winning three: Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song for "Drunk in Love", and Best Surround Sound Album for Beyoncé.


Premise: In which publication was cartoon first used to describe gag single-panel illustrations?

Hypothesis: Gag cartoons first began to proliferate in broadsheets published in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, and the term "cartoon"[h] was first used to describe them in 1843 in the British humour magazine Punch.


Premise: Is American citizenship required to be an FBI agent?

Hypothesis: To apply to become an FBI agent, one must be between the ages of 23 and 37.


Premise: Who named Madonna the Greatest Music Video star ever?

Hypothesis: In 2003, MTV named her "The Greatest Music Video Star Ever" and said that "Madonna's innovation, creativity and contribution to the music video art form is what won her the award."


Premise: What are gompas?

Hypothesis: The influx of many Tibetan refugees from China has seen the construction of over 50 Tibetan gompas (monasteries) around Boudhanath.


Premise: Which of the seven P&O cruise liners has a name that begins with "V"?

Hypothesis: Adonia, Arcadia, Aurora, Azura, Oceana, Oriana and Ventura all left the city in a procession on 3 July 2012.


Premise: What were the tools believed to have been used for by early humans?

Hypothesis: The tools are believed to have been used by early humans to harvest marine resources like clams and oysters.


Premise: What is the average percentage of uranium oxide contained in the ores mined in the Athabasca Basin?

Hypothesis: Uranium ore is mined in several ways: by open pit, underground, in-situ leaching, and borehole mining (see uranium mining).


Premise: How often is the AG2R Race held?

Hypothesis: The Transat AG2R Race, held every alternate year, is an event which originates in Concarneau in Brittany, France, reaching St. Barthélemy.


Premise: Who led the force to defend Hanover?

Hypothesis: A combined force of allied German states was organised by the British to protect Hanover from French invasion, under the command of the Duke of Cumberland.


Premise: Who was the leader of Egypt at the time of the Suez Crisis?

Hypothesis: Simultaneously he condemned the brutal Soviet invasion of Hungary in response to the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.


Premise: What percentage of adolescents reported experiencing psychological aggression?

Hypothesis: Physical aggression in relationships tends to decline from high school through college and young adulthood.


Premise: What is lountza?

Hypothesis: Pourgouri (bulgur, cracked wheat) is the traditional source of carbohydrate other than bread, and is used to make the delicacy koubes.


Premise: What is the German translation for German-Austria?

Hypothesis: (German: Deutschösterreich).


Premise: What invention prevented lines from getting mixed?

Hypothesis: This is achieved by Neutral Sections (also known as Phase Breaks), usually provided at feeder stations and midway between them although, typically, only half are in use at any time, the others being provided to allow a feeder station to be shut down and power provided from adjacent feeder stations.


Premise: What organization's rating system promotes sustainability?

Hypothesis: Environmental sustainability has become a mainstream issue, with profound effect on the architectural profession.


Premise: What is the main religion of Raleigh?

Hypothesis: The predominant religion in Raleigh is Christianity, with the largest numbers of adherents being Roman Catholic (11.3%), Baptist (10.85%), and Methodist (7.08%).


Premise: Who were the two National Assembly vice-presidents in Egypt?

Hypothesis: Nasser gave each of the provinces two vice-presidents: Boghdadi and Amer in Egypt, and Sabri al-Asali and Akram al-Hawrani in Syria.


Premise: How many soldiers did the Qing fight back with?

Hypothesis: Wu Sangui's forces were crushed by the Green Standard Army, made out of defected Ming soldiers.


Premise: What is the underlying methodology of finding worldwide estimates for losses fur to security breaches?

Hypothesis: Serious financial damage has been caused by security breaches, but because there is no standard model for estimating the cost of an incident, the only data available is that which is made public by the organizations involved. "


Premise: Stinger and Igla are two examples of what type of system?

Hypothesis: Armies typically have air defence in depth, from integral MANPADS such as the RBS 70, Stinger and Igla at smaller force levels up to army-level missile defence systems such as Angara and Patriot.


Premise: What were reasons that the late 1757 time frame looked bad for Prussia?

Hypothesis: First, Frederick devastated Prince Soubise's French force at the Battle of Rossbach on 5 November 1757 and then routed a vastly superior Austrian force at the Battle of Leuthen on 5 December 1757 With these victories, Frederick once again established himself as Europe's premier general and his men as Europe's most accomplished soldiers.


Premise: What three speeds were sound on most home stereos in the mid 1950's?

Hypothesis: The adapter could be a small solid circle that fit onto the bottom of the spindle (meaning only one 45 could be played at a time) or a larger adaptor that fit over the entire spindle, permitting a stack of 45s to be played.


Premise: The Near East and the Middle East coexisted until what period?

Hypothesis: Bertram Lenox Simpson, a colonial officer killed eventually in China, uses the terms together in his 1910 book, The Conflict of Color, as "the Near and Middle East."


Premise: Which book did Darwin begin reading in 1838?

Hypothesis: In late September 1838, he started reading Thomas Malthus's An Essay on the Principle of Population with its statistical argument that human populations, if unrestrained, breed beyond their means and struggle to survive.


Premise: On what date did New York legalize gay marriage?

Hypothesis: Same-sex marriages in New York were legalized on June 24, 2011 and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter.


Premise: The Khmer Empire was influenced by what?

Hypothesis: Dance in much of Southeast Asia includes movement of the hands as well as the feet, to express the dance's emotion and meaning of the story that the ballerina is going to tell the audience.


Premise: Def Leppard's album Hysteria churned out how many hit singles?

Hypothesis: New Jersey spawned five Top 10 singles, a record for a hard rock act.


Premise: What percent of sales are contributed by hunters?

Hypothesis: Although non-hunters buy a significant number of Duck Stamps, eighty-seven percent of their sales are contributed by hunters, which is logical, as hunters are required to purchase them.


Premise: How is the gastric phase stimulated to start?

Hypothesis: It is stimulated by distension of the stomach, presence of food in stomach and decrease in pH. Distention activates long and myenteric reflexes.


Premise: How much was 1 US Dollar worth in Iranian Rials in early 2012?

Hypothesis: Following a successful implementation of the 2015 nuclear and sanctions relief deal, the resulting benefits might not be distributed evenly across the Iranian economy as political elites such as the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps have garnered more resources and economic interests.


Premise: What did Hayek specifically aim to expose in Abuse of Reason?

Hypothesis: In his philosophy of science, which has much in common with that of his good friend Karl Popper, Hayek was highly critical of what he termed scientism: a false understanding of the methods of science that has been mistakenly forced upon the social sciences, but that is contrary to the practices of genuine science.


Premise: What have the four sub-fields of anthropology lacked over the last several decades?

Hypothesis: During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology.


Premise: What is the name for a lamp base with one or more contacts on the base and a shell used as a contact or used only as a mechanical support?

Hypothesis: Large lamps may have a screw base (one or more contacts at the tip, one at the shell) or a bayonet base (one or more contacts on the base, shell used as a contact or used only as a mechanical support).


Premise: What does .org on a URL mean?

Hypothesis: In the traditional domain noted in RFC 1591, .org is for "organizations that didn't fit anywhere else" in the naming system, which implies that it is the proper category for non-commercial organizations if they are not governmental, educational, or one of the other types with a specific TLD.


Premise: When did the Arme-Shupria rule?

Hypothesis: In the Bronze Age, several states flourished in the area of Greater Armenia, including the Hittite Empire (at the height of its power), Mitanni (South-Western historical Armenia), and Hayasa-Azzi (1600–1200 BC).


Premise: What is one of the flavorings commonly used in Greek Mediterranean food?

Hypothesis: It uses some flavorings more often than other Mediterranean cuisines: oregano, mint, garlic, onion, dill and bay laurel leaves.


Premise: What is the mean high temperature in Guam?

Hypothesis: The months of January and February are considered the coolest months of the year with overnight low temperatures of 70–75 °F (21–24 °C) and low humidity levels.


Premise: What are the nearest algal relatives existing today?

Hypothesis: A current example of how this might have happened can be seen in the precocious spore germination in Selaginella, the spike-moss.


Premise: Where is the Phase-two key switch to be found?

Hypothesis: The phase-two key switch located on the COP has three positions: off, on, and hold.


Premise: When were nociceptors discovered?

Hypothesis: At least a few insects have nociceptors, cells that detect and transmit sensations of pain.


Premise: What kind of health care exists in Greece?

Hypothesis: In a 2000 World Health Organization report, its health care system ranked 14th in overall performance of 191 countries surveyed.


Premise: Where is an inn typically located?

Hypothesis: They are typically located in the country or along a highway.


Premise: Chopins relations with whom have been fictionalized in movies?

Hypothesis: Chopin's life and his relations with George Sand have been fictionalized in numerous films.


Premise: What are the biggest sports draws in Cork?

Hypothesis: Hurling has a strong identity with city and county – with Cork winning 30 All-Ireland Championships.


Premise: How many students attend Southampton Solent University?

Hypothesis: Southampton Solent University has 17,000 students and its strengths are in the training, design, consultancy, research and other services undertaken for business and industry.


Premise: How many new prayers were included in the official mass reforms of 1969?

Hypothesis: After the Vatican Council, in April 1969, Paul VI approved the "new Order of Mass" promulgated in 1970, as stated in the Acta Apostolica Sedis to "end experimentation" with the Mass and which included the introduction of three new Eucharistic Prayers to what was up to then a single Roman Canon.


Premise: What program debuted on November 23, 1963?

Hypothesis: The channel also introduced the science fiction show Doctor Who on 23 November 1963 - at 17:16 - which went on to become one of Britain's most iconic and beloved television programmes.


Premise: What type of network are the products of operon genes typically involved with?

Hypothesis: Many prokaryotic genes are organized into operons, with multiple protein-coding sequences that are transcribed as a unit.


Premise: Which team received permission to move to Dublin, Ireland in 1998?

Hypothesis: Additionally, the media occasionally discusses the idea that Scotland's two biggest teams, Celtic and Rangers, should or will take part in the Premier League, but nothing has come of these discussions.


Premise: How much did oil and gas exploration and production make up Houston's gross product?

Hypothesis: The Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land MSA's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2012 was $489 billion, making it the fourth-largest of any metropolitan area in the United States and larger than Austria's, Venezuela's, or South Africa's GDP.


Premise: What are some new initiatives that may impact the concept of comprehensive schools?

Hypothesis: Current education reforms with Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges will no doubt have some impact on the comprehensive ideal but it is too early to say to what degree.


Premise: What Roman general had a dream of his fate in battle?

Hypothesis: Before the battle, Decius is granted a prescient dream that reveals his fate.


Premise: What group of people may apply to join the FBI after age 37?

Hypothesis: Due to the decision in Robert P. Isabella v. Department of State and Office of Personnel Management, 2008 M.S.P.B. 146, preference-eligible veterans may apply after age 37.


Premise: What was the amount of funding for UNFPA's core resources?

Hypothesis: Contributions from governments and the private sector to UNFPA in 2014 exceeded $1 billion.


Premise: What does a grains starch become after an is malted?

Hypothesis: The most common starch source used in beer is malted grain.


Premise: How many days is the incubation period for kiwis?

Hypothesis: Incubation, which optimises temperature for chick development, usually begins after the last egg has been laid.


Premise: What type of theatrical uniforms did Paul VI eradicate from the Vatican?

Hypothesis: Refusing a Vatican army of colourful military uniforms from centuries, he got rid of them.


Premise: What court heard the case Penry v. Lynaugh?

Hypothesis: This ruling suggests that specific explanations to the jury are necessary to weigh mitigating factors.


Premise: Journals from the 18th century have no substantial differences from what?

Hypothesis: By then the language had developed a literary tradition, and since then it has changed little; journals from that period have no substantial differences from modern standard Czech, and contemporary Czechs can understand them with little difficulty.


Premise: What Russian government claimed that Ukrainian was not a distinct language?

Hypothesis: In the 19th century, the Tsarist Government of the Russian Empire claimed that Ukrainian was merely a dialect of Russian and not a language on its own.


Premise: A party's consent to a treaty is invalid if it had been given by an agent or body without power to do so under what?

Hypothesis: A party's consent to a treaty is invalid if it had been given by an agent or body without power to do so under that state's domestic law.


Premise: What does Bruno Wenn of the German DEG recommend to attract new investors?

Hypothesis: Especially states with a fragile political system have to fear that investors from Western states withdraw their money because of the crisis.


Premise: How many jurists are in the Guardian Council?

Hypothesis: The Expediency Council has the authority to mediate disputes between Parliament and the Guardian Council, and serves as an advisory body to the Supreme Leader, making it one of the most powerful governing bodies in the country.


Premise: In what year did the UNDP respond to the criticism of its report?

Hypothesis: In 2010 the UNDP reacted to the criticism and updated the thresholds to classify nations as low, medium, and high human development countries.


Premise: The theory suggests that the quest for this nature represents what?

Hypothesis: Maslow’s ‘‘Third Force Psychology Theory’’ even allows literary analysts to critically understand how characters reflect the culture and the history in which they are contextualized.


Premise: In 1948, how many Dutch women brought a case to the Batavia Military Tribunal?

Hypothesis: Some 35 Dutch comfort women brought a successful case before the Batavia Military Tribunal in 1948.


Premise: What New Haven thoroughfare runs between Interstate 95, downtown, and the neighborhood known as The Hill?

Hypothesis: Other parts of the city were affected by the construction of Interstate 95 along the Long Wharf section, Interstate 91, and the Oak Street Connector.


Premise: How many freshman at BYU were Merit Scholars in 2006?

Hypothesis: BYU accepted 49 percent of the 11,423 people who applied for admission in the summer term and fall semester of 2013.


Premise: How is the spread of the avian flu related to the conditions in which chickens are kept?

Hypothesis: In Southeast Asia, a lack of disease control in free-range farming has been associated with outbreaks of avian influenza.


Premise: Were the elections held in an unbiased manner Burma in 2010 ?

Hypothesis: Various foreign observers questioned the fairness of the elections.


Premise: How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites does Iran have?

Hypothesis: Iran's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 19 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the fourth-largest number in Asia and 12th-largest in the world.


Premise: Why was the lawsuit eventually dismissed?

Hypothesis: This federal complaint was dismissed in July 2015 because the Students for Fair Admissions lawsuit makes similar allegations.


Premise: What was the value of loans IndyMac was forced to hold when the secondary mortgage market collapsed in late 2007?

Hypothesis: While the run was a contributing factor in the timing of IndyMac’s demise, the underlying cause of the failure was the unsafe and unsound manner in which the thrift was operated.


Premise: Who was appointed Supreme Commander of the SEAC in October, 1943?

Hypothesis: In August 1943 the Allies formed a new South East Asia Command (SEAC) to take over strategic responsibilities for Burma and India from the British India Command, under Wavell.


Premise: Along with the Renaissance, what era occurred at the end of the Middle Ages?

Hypothesis: It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery.


Premise: What is the Royal Gold Medal awarded for?

Hypothesis: The RIBA also awards the President's Medals for student work, which are regarded as the most prestigious awards in architectural education, and the RIBA President's Awards for Research.


Premise: When did HTML5 officially support side-by-side 3D footage?

Hypothesis: In May 2011, an HTML5 version of the YouTube player began supporting side-by-side 3D footage that is compatible with Nvidia 3D Vision.


Premise: When was the first fictionalized account of Chopin's life?

Hypothesis: Chopin was written by Giacomo Orefice and produced in Milan in 1901.


Premise: Where is Estonia ranked in the 2015 Index of Economic Freedom?

Hypothesis: The GDP (PPP) per capita of the country, a good indicator of wealth, was in 2015 $28,781 according to the IMF, between that of Slovak Republic and Lithuania, but below that of other long-time EU members such as Italy or Spain.


Premise: What are geneticists looking for?

Hypothesis: Some Native American groups that have been sampled may not have shared the pattern of markers being searched for.


Premise: What type of language id Spanish?

Hypothesis: Roughly half of all American Spanish-speakers also speak English "very well," based on their self-assessment in the U.S. Census.


Premise: Where did Arabic numerals originate?

Hypothesis: What is now known as Arabic numerals originally came from India, but Muslim mathematicians did make several refinements to the number system, such as the introduction of decimal point notation.


Premise: How much money did Congress give to the USAF to enable them to replace some of the grounded fleet?

Hypothesis: The USAF attempted to make these adjustments by primarily cutting the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve aircraft fleets and their associated manpower, but Congress reversed this initiative and the majority of the lost manpower will come from the active forces.


Premise: Who rejected Nasser's offer to become the new president?

Hypothesis: He announced his resignation on television later that day, and ceded all presidential powers to his then-Vice President Zakaria Mohieddin, who had no prior information of this decision and refused to accept the post.


Premise: Who adopted the Doha Declaration?

Hypothesis: In 2001, the WTO adopted the Doha Declaration, which indicates that the TRIPS agreement should be read with the goals of public health in mind, and allows some methods for circumventing pharmaceutical monopolies: via compulsory licensing or parallel imports, even before patent expiration.


Premise: What do ecstatic mystics hope to achieve?

Hypothesis: The English Dominicans looked for this complete unity as well, but were not so focused on ecstatic experiences.


Premise: Who created the relational model of DBMS?

Hypothesis: The relational model, first proposed in 1970 by Edgar F. Codd, departed from this tradition by insisting that applications should search for data by content, rather than by following links.


Premise: Which station is known as the world's biggest railroad station?

Hypothesis: The New York City Subway is also the busiest metropolitan rail transit system in the Western Hemisphere, with 1.75 billion passengers rides in 2014, while Grand Central Terminal, also popularly referred to as "Grand Central Station", is the world's largest railway station by number of train platforms.


Premise: What did the ruler strive for?

Hypothesis: The Polish nobility differed in many respects from the nobility of other countries.


Premise: In what year did the Netherlands gain independence from France?

Hypothesis: The Netherlands regained independence from France in 1813.


Premise: What are simply lowest quantum mechanical energy state of photons?

Hypothesis: In particle physics, this inequality permits a qualitative understanding of virtual particles which carry momentum, exchange by which and with real particles, is responsible for the creation of all known fundamental forces (more accurately known as fundamental interactions).


Premise: What was the goal of Operation Tomahawk?

Hypothesis: The 60th Indian Parachute Field Ambulance provided the medical cover for the operations, dropping an ADS and a surgical team and treating over 400 battle casualties apart from the civilian casualties that formed the core of their objective as the unit was on a humanitarian mission.


Premise: Several reports written by various agencies  concluded that which policy was not the primary cause of the financial crisis?

Hypothesis: The majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, written by the six Democratic appointees, the minority report, written by 3 of the 4 Republican appointees, studies by Federal Reserve economists, and the work of several independent scholars generally contend that government affordable housing policy was not the primary cause of the financial crisis.


Premise: When did John leave for Poitou?

Hypothesis: Nonetheless, when John left for Poitou in February 1214, many barons refused to provide military service; mercenary knights had to fill the gaps.


Premise: Who was the winner of this season?

Hypothesis: In May 2005, Carrie Underwood was announced the winner, with Bice the runner-up.


Premise: What was the name of the building style that resulted from the use of brick?

Hypothesis: Because of the extensive and varied deposits of marble, many buildings were faced in marble, or were left with undecorated façade so that this might be achieved at a later date.


Premise: When were all the lodges in Iraq forced to close?

Hypothesis: However, the position changed following the revolution, and all lodges were forced to close in 1965.


Premise: What is the UTF-8 standard?

Hypothesis: The Unicode Standard allows that the BOM "can serve as signature for UTF-8 encoded text where the character set is unmarked".


Premise: How long does the flight training for the AETC's Nineteenth Air Force last?

Hypothesis: Officer technical training conducted by Second Air Force can also vary by AFSC, while flight training for aeronautically-rated officers conducted by AETC's Nineteenth Air Force can last well in excess of one year.


Premise: What did Apple's creation of too many similar models do to potential buyers?

Hypothesis: This succeeded in increasing the Macintosh's market share somewhat, and provided cheaper hardware for consumers, but hurt Apple financially as existing Apple customers began to buy cheaper clones which cannibalized the sales of Apple's higher-margin Macintosh systems, yet Apple still shouldered the burden of developing the Mac OS platform.


Premise: What aspects of Roman religion influenced Christian forms?

Hypothesis: I, Nicene Christianity became the official state religion of the Roman Empire.


Premise: What nonprofit tuberculosis research foundation has a verb in its name?

Hypothesis: A number of groups, including the Stop TB Partnership, the South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, and the Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation, are involved with research.


Premise: By 19 how many papers had Von Neumann published?

Hypothesis: By the age of 19, von Neumann had published two major mathematical papers, the second of which gave the modern definition of ordinal numbers, which superseded Georg Cantor's definition.


Premise: What date did May and Taylor of Queen perform Bohemian Rhapsody on X-Factor?

Hypothesis: On 15 November 2009, May and Taylor performed "Bohemian Rhapsody" live on the British TV show The X Factor alongside the finalists.


Premise: What is the responsibility of giving significance to what the memory sees as nothing but numbers?

Hypothesis: " The information stored in memory may represent practically anything.


Premise: Rising seas and displaced waters caused what  element along the coasts?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, Pangaea began to rift into smaller divisions, bringing more land area in contact with the ocean by forming the Tethys Sea.


Premise: How many rounds is coffee served in during a coffee ceremony?

Hypothesis: Coffee (Ge'ez ቡን būn) is offered when visiting friends, during festivities, or as a daily staple of life.


Premise: The practice of identifying local gods with Greek deities is called what?

Hypothesis: The identification of local gods with similar Greek deities, a practice termed 'Interpretatio graeca', facilitated the building of Greek-style temples, and the Greek culture in the cities also meant that buildings such as gymnasia and theaters became common.


Premise: The removal of the Queens bedchamber ladies became known as what?

Hypothesis: In what became known as the bedchamber crisis, Victoria, advised by Melbourne, objected to their removal.


Premise: How many Japanese merchant ships did Allied submarines sink during the war?

Hypothesis: In all, Allied submarines destroyed 1,200 merchant ships – about five million tons of shipping.


Premise: What is the percentage range of Iran's total population is seemingly comprised of Azerbaijanis?

Hypothesis: According to many of them, the number of ethnic Azerbaijanis in Iran comprises between 21.6–30% of the total population, with the majority holding it on 25%.cd


Premise: What was the name of the person who hosted Chopin as a guest when he discovered Polish rural folk music?

Hypothesis: Here for the first time he encountered Polish rural folk music.


Premise: What does DRM stand for?

Hypothesis: These consumer audio CD recorders use the Serial Copy Management System (SCMS), an early form of digital rights management (DRM), to conform to the United States' Audio Home Recording Act (AHRA).


Premise: Which talk show host replaced Paula Abdul?

Hypothesis: Emmy Award-winning talk show host Ellen DeGeneres replaced Paula Abdul for that season, but left after just one season.


Premise: Whose solution to the discrepancies of the tables would have been agreeable to astronomers?

Hypothesis: Thus Pitatus' solution would have commended itself to the astronomers.


Premise: Who led the Soviet Eleventh Army?

Hypothesis: Simultaneously, the Soviet Eleventh Army, under the command of Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze, invaded Armenia at Karavansarai (present-day Ijevan) on 29 November.


Premise: What did Kerry do on Apr 22, 1971?

Hypothesis: As Kerry threw his decorations over the fence, his statement was: "I'm not doing this for any violent reasons, but for peace and justice, and to try and make this country wake up once and for all."


Premise: Where did an abortive coup occur in 1993?

Hypothesis: A number of assassination attempts against Gaddafi were foiled, and in turn, 1989 saw the security forces raid mosques believed to be centres of counter-revolutionary preaching.


Premise: Where is Israel's Supreme Court located?

Hypothesis: The Supreme Court sits in Jerusalem.


Premise: How many cantons were introduced as a Confederation by the Act of Mediation?

Hypothesis: Henceforth, much of Swiss politics would concern balancing the cantons' tradition of self-rule with the need for a central government.


Premise: What happens with President's Rule?

Hypothesis: Also one more aspect of Indian federalism is system of President's Rule in which the central government (through its appointed Governor) takes control of state's administration for certain months when no party can form a government in the state or there is violent disturbance in the state.


Premise: When did a play for the book begin to perform every year in Monroeville, Alabama?

Hypothesis: In 2006, British librarians ranked the book ahead of the Bible as one "every adult should read before they die".


Premise: How old is most of the housing in Philadelphia?

Hypothesis: While newer homes are scattered throughout the city, much of the housing is from the early 20th century or older.


Premise: On Indian Independence Day, kites are flown by citizens which symbolize what concept?

Hypothesis: National events such as Republic Day, Independence Day and Gandhi Jayanti (Gandhi's birthday) are celebrated with great enthusiasm in New Delhi and the rest of India.


Premise: What compromises mainly preventative measures?

Hypothesis: Firewalls are common amongst machines that are permanently connected to the Internet.


Premise: What is another university in the triangle?

Hypothesis: Raleigh is home to North Carolina State University and is part of the Research Triangle area, together with Durham (home of Duke University) and Chapel Hill (home of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill).


Premise: How are USB devices linked?

Hypothesis: A USB host may implement multiple host controllers and each host controller may provide one or more USB ports.


Premise: After the 1950s  what was a typical recording process?

Hypothesis: For the first several decades of disc record manufacturing, sound was recorded directly on to the "master disc" at the recording studio.


Premise: To whom did the Virgin Mary allegedly appear in 1858 in Lourdes France?

Hypothesis: Immediately behind the basilica is the Grotto, a Marian place of prayer and reflection.


Premise: How many words a day did Victoria write?

Hypothesis: Despite this destruction, much of the diaries still exist.


Premise: How are minor infectious diseases treated?

Hypothesis: Diagnosis of infectious disease sometimes involves identifying an infectious agent either directly or indirectly.


Premise: When did the RSFSR cease to be a part of the Soviet Union?

Hypothesis: commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state in 1917–22, the largest, most populous, and most economically developed republic of the Soviet Union in 1922–91 and a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation in 1990–91.


Premise: What actress claimed she also carried on an affair with Schwarzenegger while he was with Shriver?

Hypothesis: After the scandal, actress Brigitte Nielsen came forward and stated that she too had an affair with Schwarzenegger while he was in a relationship with Shriver, saying, "Maybe I wouldn't have got into it if he said 'I'm going to marry Maria' and this is dead serious, but he didn't, and our affair carried on."


Premise: Who was appointed Supreme Commander in Korea after the removal of General MacArthur?

Hypothesis: The 60th Indian Parachute Field Ambulance provided the medical cover for the operations, dropping an ADS and a surgical team and treating over 400 battle casualties apart from the civilian casualties that formed the core of their objective as the unit was on a humanitarian mission.


Premise: What caused the destruction of fern prairies and increasing shallows?

Hypothesis: The Late Jurassic featured a massive extinction of sauropods and Ichthyosaurs due to the separation of Pangaea into Laurasia and Gondwana in an extinction known as the Jurassic-Cretaceous extinction.


Premise: Apple was involved in a lawsuit with which company in 2007?

Hypothesis: Kane Kramer applied for a UK patent for his design of a "plastic music box" in 1981, which he called the IXI.


Premise: What is said to have turned into the river Marsyas?

Hypothesis: Marsyas could not do this, as he only knew how to use the flute and could not sing at the same time.


Premise: Who was elected and was the first multiracial president of the United States?

Hypothesis: Since the 1980s, the United States has had a growing multiracial identity movement (cf.


Premise: Who represents the 8th district?

Hypothesis: However, as a result of the city's declining population, it now has only four: the 1st district, represented by Bob Brady; the 2nd, represented by Chaka Fattah; the 8th, represented by Mike Fitzpatrick; and the 13th, represented by Brendan Boyle.


Premise: When did Universal make Tom Mix westerns?

Hypothesis: The studio fostered many series: The Dead End Kids and Little Tough Guys action features and serials (1938–43); the comic adventures of infant Baby Sandy (1938–41); comedies with Hugh Herbert (1938–42) and The Ritz Brothers (1940–43); musicals with Robert Paige, Jane Frazee, The Andrews Sisters, and The Merry Macs (1938–45); and westerns with Tom Mix (1932–33), Buck Jones (1933–36), Bob Baker (1938–39), Johnny Mack Brown (1938–43); Rod Cameron (1944–45), and Kirby Grant (1946–47).


Premise: Who helped orchestrate bombing campaigns in the Vietnam War?

Hypothesis: The bombing campaigns of the Air Force were tightly controlled by the White House for political reasons, and until 1972 avoided the main Northern cities of Hanoi and Haiphong and concentrated on bombing jungle supply trails, especially the Ho Chi Minh Trail.


Premise: Is it better to harvest grain before or after the morning dew evaporates?

Hypothesis: Conversely, DST can adversely affect farmers, parents of young children, and others whose hours are set by the sun and they have traditionally opposed the practice, although some farmers are neutral.


Premise: What was the period of Britain acting as the world's police called?

Hypothesis: Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies, Britain's dominant position in world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many countries, such as China, Argentina and Siam, which has been characterised by some historians as "Informal Empire".


Premise: What was the Allied invasion of Normandy called?

Hypothesis: The following month, he resumed command of ETOUSA and the following month was officially designated as the Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), serving in a dual role until the end of hostilities in Europe in May 1945.


Premise: Who edited the first paper about nuclear fission?

Hypothesis: In 1938 Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann discovered nuclear fission with radiochemical methods, and in 1939 Lise Meitner and Otto Robert Frisch wrote the first theoretical interpretation of the fission process, which was later improved by Niels Bohr and John A. Wheeler.


Premise: Along with textiles, wood carving and pottery, what ancient cultural activity still dominates Somalia today?

Hypothesis: The textile-making communities in Somalia are a continuation of an ancient textile industry, as is the culture of wood carving, pottery and monumental architecture that dominates Somali interiors and landscapes.


Premise: In what year did TCM begin the Young Composers Film Competition?

Hypothesis: In 2000, TCM started the annual Young Composers Film Competition, inviting aspiring composers to participate in a judged competition that offers the winner of each year's competition the opportunity to score a restored, feature-length silent film as a grand prize, mentored by a well-known composer, with the new work subsequently premiering on the network.


Premise: What is Germany's position on wether or not Greece should be in the eurozone?

Hypothesis: Their position is to keep Greece within the eurozone, but not at any cost.


Premise: How far ahead of Cronin did Kerry poll?

Hypothesis: In the general election, Kerry was initially favored to defeat the Republican candidate, former State Representative Paul W. Cronin, and conservative Democrat Roger P. Durkin, who ran as an Independent.


Premise: What was the British Indian Army mostly composed of?

Hypothesis: In the following decades the Company gradually increased the size of the territories under its control, either ruling directly or via local rulers under the threat of force from the British Indian Army, the vast majority of which was composed of Indian sepoys.


Premise: What position was held by James Forrestal?

Hypothesis: Within months of beginning his tenure as the president of the university, Eisenhower was requested to advise U.S. Secretary of Defense James Forrestal on the unification of the armed services.


Premise: What defines the compression efficiency of encoders?

Hypothesis: Compression ratios with this latter reference are higher, which demonstrates the problem with use of the term compression ratio for lossy encoders.


Premise: Who was George's predecessor?

Hypothesis: They visited the 1939 New York World's Fair and stayed with President Franklin D. Roosevelt at the White House and at his private estate at Hyde Park, New York.


Premise: What was the first book published under this new ratings system?

Hypothesis: The first title from this era to not have the code was X-Force #119 (October 2001).


Premise: Who recoomends immunizations?

Hypothesis: It is not clear if annual influenza vaccinations effects the risk of exacerbations.


Premise: What was an issue in the early 1800's

Hypothesis: By the early 1800s, Indian removal was a significant issue throughout the southeastern U.S. and also in Florida.


Premise: What year was Blumenbach's treatise published?

Hypothesis: The 1775 treatise "The Natural Varieties of Mankind", by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach proposed five major divisions: the Caucasoid race, Mongoloid race, Ethiopian race (later termed Negroid, and not to be confused with the narrower Ethiopid race), American Indian race, and Malayan race, but he did not propose any hierarchy among the races.


Premise: USAF Officers can be commissioned after graduation from what school?

Hypothesis: OTS, previously located at Lackland AFB, Texas until 1993 and located at Maxwell Air Force Base in Montgomery, Alabama since 1993, in turn encompasses two separate commissioning programs: Basic Officer Training (BOT), which is for line-officer candidates of the active-duty Air Force and the U.S. Air Force Reserve; and the Academy of Military Science (AMS), which is for line-officer candidates of the Air National Guard.


Premise: What is knon as when you are  unable to eat unfermented milk-based foods?

Hypothesis: Approximately 65 percent of the adult population produce only small amounts of lactase and are unable to eat unfermented milk-based foods.


Premise: What type of conquests were gradual in nature?

Hypothesis: Romila Thapar notes that the division into Hindu-Muslim-British periods of Indian history gives too much weight to "ruling dynasties and foreign invasions", neglecting the social-economic history which often showed a strong continuity.


Premise: When was the synagogue in Eshtemoa constructed?

Hypothesis: The synagogue in Eshtemoa (As-Samu) was built around the 4th century.


Premise: How did Avicenna want man to think of themselves as?

Hypothesis: Avicenna believed his "Floating Man" thought experiment demonstrated that the soul is a substance, and claimed humans cannot doubt their own consciousness, even in a situation that prevents all sensory data input.


Premise: Most drugs have been found by isolating what from traditional remedies?

Hypothesis: Drug discovery is the process by which potential drugs are discovered or designed.


Premise: What does the Unicode Roadmap Commmittee do?

Hypothesis: The Unicode Roadmap Committee (Michael Everson, Rick McGowan, and Ken Whistler) maintain the list of scripts that are candidates or potential candidates for encoding and their tentative code block assignments on the Unicode Roadmap page of the Unicode Consortium Web site.


Premise: What is the name of the empire Napoleon dissolved?

Hypothesis: Napoleon could be considered one of the founders of modern Germany.


Premise: When was the Templo Mayor found?

Hypothesis: Famous landmarks in the Historic Center include the Plaza de la Constitución (Zócalo), the main central square with its epoch-contrasting Spanish-era Metropolitan Cathedral and National Palace, ancient Aztec temple ruins Templo Mayor ("Major Temple") and modern structures, all within a few steps of one another.


Premise: How many mourners attended Nasser's funeral?

Hypothesis: His funeral in Cairo drew five million mourners and an outpouring of grief across the Arab world.


Premise: Who established the Walworth School?

Hypothesis: Other early examples of comprehensive schools included Woodlands Boys School in Coventry (opened in 1954) and Tividale Comprehensive School in Tipton.


Premise: What group believed that democracy was the will of God?

Hypothesis: These Congregationalists were convinced that the democratic form of government was the will of God.


Premise: What football playing character in The Great Gatsby played for Yale?

Hypothesis: For example, Owen Johnson's novel, Stover at Yale, follows the college career of Dink Stover and Frank Merriwell, the model for all later juvenile sports fiction, plays football, baseball, crew, and track at Yale while solving mysteries and righting wrongs.


Premise: How many stories does the Potala Palace contain?

Hypothesis: The Potala Palace is a World Heritage Site, as is Norbulingka, the former summer residence of the Dalai Lama.


Premise: What must a Tuvaluan have to be considered for a work permit in New Zealand?

Hypothesis: The applicants register for the Pacific Access Category (PAC) ballots; the primary criteria is that the principal applicant must have a job offer from a New Zealand employer.


Premise: In what year was Issaac Newton's Principia Mathematica published?

Hypothesis: In France, many cited the publication of Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica in 1687.


Premise: In developing countries, is it common for children to attend fewer or greater years of formal schooling?

Hypothesis: In addition to the sharing of household chores, certain cultures expect adolescents to share in their family's financial responsibilities.


Premise: What type of government does Philadelphia have?

Hypothesis: Kenney, as all Philadelphia mayors have been since 1952, is a member of the Democratic Party, which tends to dominate local politics so thoroughly that the Democratic Mayoral primary is often more widely covered than the general election.


Premise: What is believed to be the glycemic index in beer?

Hypothesis: Several diet books quote beer as having an undesirably high glycemic index of 110, the same as maltose; however, the maltose in beer undergoes metabolism by yeast during fermentation so that beer consists mostly of water, hop oils and only trace amounts of sugars, including maltose.


Premise: Where is the China Tibetology Research Center located?

Hypothesis: The official posts that the Ming court established in Tibet, such as senior and junior commanders, offices of Qianhu (in charge of 1,000 households), and offices of Wanhu (in charge of 10,000 households), were all hereditary positions according to Chen, but he asserts that "the succession of some important posts still had to be approved by the emperor," while old imperial mandates had to be returned to the Ming court for renewal.


Premise: What year did the Queen and Albert purchase Balmoral Castle?

Hypothesis: She agreed to visit the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at Kensington and take a drive through London in an open carriage.


Premise: What is the current official name of Russia?

Hypothesis: This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constitution of Russia.


Premise: During the 19th century was there any advocates for the working children?

Hypothesis: These acts were largely ineffective and after radical agitation, by for example the "Short Time Committees" in 1831, a Royal Commission recommended in 1833 that children aged 11–18 should work a maximum of 12 hours per day, children aged 9–11 a maximum of eight hours, and children under the age of nine were no longer permitted to work.


Premise: The studies indicated that there was a lack of information in the area about what kind of choice?

Hypothesis: Among these problems are the lack of information about food choices, a lack of understanding of nutritional information and its application to individual circumstances, limited or difficult access to healthful foods, and a range of cultural influences and socioeconomic constraints such as low levels of education and high levels of poverty that decrease opportunities for healthful eating and living.


Premise: Before the creation of the College of Engineering similar studies were carried out at which Notre Dame college?

Hypothesis: The College of Engineering was established in 1920, however, early courses in civil and mechanical engineering were a part of the College of Science since the 1870s.


Premise: For how many years did the Warsaw Pact formally exist?

Hypothesis: In fact, the treaty was de facto disbanded in December 1989 during the violent revolution in Romania, which toppled the communist government, without military intervention form other member states.


Premise: What was the dominant form of written communication?

Hypothesis: In times past, until the 15th century, in Korea, Literary Chinese was the dominant form of written communication, prior to the creation of hangul, the Korean alphabet.


Premise: Which method is at fault or the discrepancy?

Hypothesis: The most likely reason is that the measurement uncertainty for one (or both) of the methods has been estimated too low –


Premise: What is the main goal of humanism optimistic?

Hypothesis: Contemporary humanism entails a qualified optimism about the capacity of people, but it does not involve believing that human nature is purely good or that all people can live up to the Humanist ideals without help.


Premise: What secret society was Avicenna considered to be a follower of?

Hypothesis: Medieval historian Ẓahīr al-dīn al-Bayhaqī (d. 1169) considered Avicenna to be a follower of the Brethren of Purity.


Premise: What is another likely country for statehood?

Hypothesis: Other less likely contenders are Guam and the United States Virgin Islands, both of which are unincorporated organized territories of the United States.


Premise: What is used for protection in the ring?

Hypothesis: For safety, the ropes are padded at the turnbuckles and cushioned mats surround the floor outside the ring.


Premise: What was a leading factor in the 16:9 aspect ratio being chosen?

Hypothesis: Initially the existing 5:3 aspect ratio had been the main candidate but, due to the influence of widescreen cinema, the aspect ratio 16:9 (1.78) eventually emerged as being a reasonable compromise between 5:3 (1.67) and the common 1.85 widescreen cinema format.


Premise: What sequence of events happens when the power shuts off in a traction elevator and the elevators all stop?

Hypothesis: In order to help prevent entrapment, when the system detects that it is running low on power, it will bring the running cars to the lobby or nearest floor, open the doors and shut down.


Premise: What party dominated until the mid-20th century

Hypothesis: From the American Civil War until the mid-20th century, Philadelphia was a bastion of the Republican Party, which arose from the staunch pro-Northern views of Philadelphia residents during and after the war (Philadelphia was chosen as the host city for the first Republican National Convention in 1856).


Premise: What concept is associated with the solvability of polynomials?

Hypothesis: Similar formulae are known for cubic and quartic equations, but do not exist in general for degree 5 and higher.


Premise: Which ship was originally known as being the capital ship of the fleet?

Hypothesis: Modern navies that operate such aircraft carriers treat them as the capital ship of the fleet, a role previously held by the battleship.


Premise: What two groups grew quickly during the Middle Ages?

Hypothesis: Like his contemporary, Francis, Dominic saw the need for a new type of organization, and the quick growth of the Dominicans and Franciscans during their first century of existence confirms that the orders of mendicant friars met a need.


Premise: What river crosses path with I-95?

Hypothesis: I-95 is infamous for traffic jams increasing with proximity to New York City; on the east side of New Haven it passes over the Quinnipiac River via the Pearl Harbor Memorial, or "Q Bridge", which often presents a major bottleneck to traffic. I-91, however, is relatively less congested, except at the intersection with I-95 during peak travel times.


Premise: In what country was the trading base for the Dutch?

Hypothesis: The next to arrive were the Dutch, with their main base in Ceylon.


Premise: Why were KPA forces unable to adequately defend themselves against UN forces?

Hypothesis: Against the rested and re-armed Pusan Perimeter defenders and their reinforcements, the KPA were undermanned and poorly supplied; unlike the UN Command, they lacked naval and air support.


Premise: In which centuries was the Age of Discovery?

Hypothesis: During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires.


Premise: Who established the College Park Airport?

Hypothesis: The title of "world's oldest airport" is disputed, but College Park Airport in Maryland, US, established in 1909 by Wilbur Wright, is generally agreed to be the world's oldest continually operating airfield, although it serves only general aviation traffic.


Premise: What was the main action of humanism during the Renaissance>

Hypothesis: It developed during the fourteenth and the beginning of the fifteenth centuries, and was a response to the challenge of scholastic university education, which was then dominated by Aristotelian philosophy and logic.


Premise: When was formal education for Islamic women halted?

Hypothesis: Another feminine figure to be remembered for her achievements was Tawaddud, "a slave girl who was said to have been bought at great cost by Hārūn al-Rashīd because she had passed her examinations by the most eminent scholars in astronomy, medicine, law, philosophy, music, history, Arabic grammar, literature, theology and chess".


Premise: When does incubation begin?

Hypothesis: Incubation, which optimises temperature for chick development, usually begins after the last egg has been laid.


Premise: How many unauthorized clips did Viacom allegedly find on youtube that infringed its copyrights?

Hypothesis: Viacom, demanding $1 billion in damages, said that it had found more than 150,000 unauthorized clips of its material on YouTube that had been viewed "an astounding 1.5 billion times".


Premise: Between what percent fraction range of uranium-235 is uranium regarded as enriched?

Hypothesis: This process produces huge quantities of uranium that is depleted of uranium-235 and with a correspondingly increased fraction of uranium-238, called depleted uranium or 'DU'.


Premise: What was the average speed of a winning solar powered car in 1987?

Hypothesis: In 1987, when it was founded, the winner's average speed was 67 kilometres per hour (42 mph) and by 2007 the winner's average speed had improved to 90.87 kilometres per hour (56.46 mph).


Premise: What is not possible unless the reactants surmount an energy barrier known as the activation energy?

Hypothesis: The activation energy necessary for a chemical reaction can be in the form of thermal energy.


Premise: When year did Prince Albert die?

Hypothesis: Eventually, public opinion forced the Queen to return to London, though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible.


Premise: How do hydraulic elevators work in emergencies?

Hypothesis: In hydraulic elevator systems, emergency power will lower the elevators to the lowest landing and open the doors to allow passengers to exit.


Premise: Who were responsible for the revolts that ended with Youlou's removal?

Hypothesis: Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him.


Premise: What is the English translation of Medri Bahri?

Hypothesis: The area was then known as Ma'ikele Bahr ("between the seas/rivers," i.e. the land between the Red Sea and the Mereb river).


Premise: What are the audiobooks with wartime recordings?

Hypothesis: In recent years a large number of wartime recordings relating to the Blitz have been made available on audiobooks such as The Blitz, The Home Front and British War Broadcasting.


Premise: What type of elevator has a hinged wooden shaft-access door?

Hypothesis: They may have unique design characteristics suited for home furnishings, such as hinged wooden shaft-access doors rather than the typical metal sliding doors of commercial elevators.


Premise: Besides the County Cricket Ground, at what other cricket ground did the Hampshire County Cricket Club used to play?

Hypothesis: Hampshire County Cricket Club play close to the city, at the Rose Bowl in West End, after previously playing at the County Cricket Ground and the Antelope Ground, both near the city centre.


Premise: What is an example of a mesa range?

Hypothesis: The semi-arid high plains in the state's northwestern corner harbor few natural forests; the region has a rolling to flat landscape with intermittent canyons and mesa ranges like the Glass Mountains.


Premise: What Roman art involved speeches made to the public?

Hypothesis: By the age of twelve, they would be learning Latin, Greek, grammar and literature, followed by training for public speaking.


Premise: Approximately how many people did New Jersey casinos employ in 2011?

Hypothesis: Atlantic City is considered as the "Gambling Capital of the East Coast," and currently has eight large casinos and several smaller ones.


Premise: How high is Huangmaojian Peak in meters?

Hypothesis: Altitudes tend to be the highest to the south and west and the highest peak of the province, Huangmaojian Peak (1,929 meters or 6,329 feet), is located there.


Premise: In 2009, Beyonce started her second world tour and grossed how much money?

Hypothesis: World Tour, her second headlining worldwide concert tour, consisting of 108 shows, grossing $119.5 million.


Premise: Was the cathedral finished

Hypothesis: By that time, however, the age of the great cathedrals had come to an end and declining finances prevented the ambitious project from being finished, the construction of the central nave being suspended before the planned flying buttresses could be finished.


Premise: Where have the majority of photovoltaic power stations been built?

Hypothesis: Many solar photovoltaic power stations have been built, mainly in Europe.


Premise: Recognizing the effects of small-world networks allows one to decrease what?

Hypothesis: The use of needle exchange programs in areas with a high density of drug users with HIV is an example of the successful implementation of this treatment method.


Premise: What record label had a contract with the winner of American Idols fourteenth season?

Hypothesis: Changes this season include only airing one episode a week during the final ten.


Premise: How do Jehovah Witnesses believe that Jesus rules?

Hypothesis: Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus Christ began to rule in heaven as king of God's kingdom in October 1914, and that Satan was subsequently ousted from heaven to the earth, resulting in "woe" to humanity.


Premise: What happens in many cases when a word starts with an 's'?

Hypothesis: The initial letter 's' is often dropped, for example 'skool' becomes 'kool', 'stool' becomes 'tool'.


Premise: Whom did Nikolai Durkin say lived in a village on the Kheuveren River?

Hypothesis: This hypothesis is based on the testimony of Chukchi geographer Nikolai Daurkin, who had visited Alaska in 1764–1765 and who had reported on a village on the Kheuveren River, populated by "bearded men" who "pray to the icons".


Premise: When did Deshin Shekpa travels start?

Hypothesis: During his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407.


Premise: How avid of a writer was the Queen?

Hypothesis: According to one of her biographers, Giles St Aubyn, Victoria wrote an average of 2,500 words a day during her adult life.


Premise: How many years before Eisenhower's command had a non-Briton commanded Gibraltar?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower was the first non-British person to command Gibraltar in 200 years.


Premise: What happened to the pilots that were in the aircraft shot down?

Hypothesis: This was the first occasion in military history that a military aircraft was shot down with ground-to-air fire.


Premise: Which tactics were the Luftwaffe excepted to use against Britain?

Hypothesis: Although not specifically prepared to conduct independent strategic air operations against an opponent, the Luftwaffe was expected to do so over Britain.


Premise: What is another surface arteries that is located west of downtown New Haven?

Hypothesis: Other major intracity arteries are Ella Grasso Boulevard (Route 10) west of downtown, and College Street, Temple Street, Church Street, Elm Street, and Grove Street in the downtown area.


Premise: What processes are thought to create an evolution toward genocide?

Hypothesis: Other authors have focused on the structural conditions leading up to genocide and the psychological and social processes that create an evolution toward genocide.


Premise: What does a successful treatment using antibiotics entail?

Hypothesis: These include host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial.


Premise: In addition to ammo proposals, what other need was articulated?

Hypothesis: The need for some form of tracer or smoke trail was articulated.


Premise: What type of plant is depicted in the Armenian Mosaic?

Hypothesis: It depicts a vine with many branches and grape clusters, which springs from a vase.


Premise: What is the name of the largest military base in the nation?

Hypothesis: Tinker Air Force Base, in southeast Oklahoma City, is the largest military air depot in the nation; a major maintenance and deployment facility for the Navy and the Air Force, and the second largest military institution in the state (after Fort Sill in Lawton).


Premise: What were added to scoring in 2007?

Hypothesis: Since 2007, the scoring system has changed by adding bonus plus the execution and then adding those two together to get the final score.


Premise: Like a Prayer reflects Madonna's relationship with who?

Hypothesis: On the Who's That Girl World Tour, she dedicated the song "Papa Don't Preach" to Pope John Paul II.


Premise: What song did Kanye record about his experience with what happened after the wreck?

Hypothesis: The composition, "Through The Wire", expressed West's experience after the accident, and helped lay the foundation for his debut album, as according to West "all the better artists have expressed what they were going through".


Premise: How many steps are required to read the information encoded in a gene's DNA and produce the specified protein?

Hypothesis: First, the gene's DNA is transcribed to messenger RNA (mRNA).:6.1 Second, that mRNA is translated to protein.:6.2 RNA-coding genes must still go through the first step, but are not translated into protein.


Premise: Where was the Treaty of Hubertusburg signed?

Hypothesis: The Treaty of Hubertusburg, between Austria, Prussia, and Saxony, was signed on February 15, 1763, at a hunting lodge between Dresden and Leipzig.


Premise: In what year was the Conservatoire de Musique de Paris founded?

Hypothesis: In the late 12th-century, a school of polyphony was established at the Notre-Dame.


Premise: What was the name of Chicago's first electric trolley system?

Hypothesis: This allowed Sprague to use electric motors to invent the first electric trolley system in 1887–88 in Richmond VA, the electric elevator and control system in 1892, and the electric subway with independently powered centrally controlled cars, which were first installed in 1892 in Chicago by the South Side Elevated Railway where it became popularly known as the "L".


Premise: What are these conferences in the AFL named?

Hypothesis: Starting 2016, each conference will have only four teams as the champion San Jose SaberCats announced in November 2015 that they were ceasing activity for "reasons not associated with League operations."


Premise: What large internet company has partnered with NARA to digitize records?

Hypothesis: In an effort to make its holdings more widely available and more easily accessible, the National Archives began entering into public–private partnerships in 2006.


Premise: Why does zinc protect metals exposed to sea water from corroding?

Hypothesis: Zinc acts as the anode (negative terminus) by slowly corroding away as it passes electric current to the steel pipeline.[note 2] Zinc is also used to cathodically protect metals that are exposed to sea water from corrosion.


Premise: What monument commemorates the departure of the Pilgrim Fathers?

Hypothesis: The early port settlement of Plymouth, called "Sutton", approximates to the area now referred to as the Barbican and has 100 listed buildings and the largest concentration of cobbled streets in Britain.


Premise: What requires a high data rate?

Hypothesis: As in all lossy compression, there is a trade-off between video quality, cost of processing the compression and decompression, and system requirements.


Premise: Who was able to determine the circumference of the Earth?

Hypothesis: The astronomer Aristarchus of Samos was the first known person to propose a heliocentric model of the solar system, while the geographer Eratosthenes accurately calculated the circumference of the Earth.


Premise: What theories do Roland Faber and Catherine Keller combine with Whitehead's ideas?

Hypothesis: John B. Cobb, Jr. is a process theologian who has also written books on biology and economics.


Premise: The support of what groups results in a dialect being standardized?

Hypothesis: There may be multiple standard dialects associated with a single language.


Premise: What industry depended on the port of Charleston?

Hypothesis: More than one million slaves were transported from the Upper South to the Deep South in the antebellum years, as cotton plantations were widely developed through what became known as the Black Belt.


Premise: What well known boxer was criticized for question someone's blackness?

Hypothesis: In 2012, a number of high-profile cases highlighted the legal and community attitude that identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander is not dependent on skin colour, with a well-known boxer Anthony Mundine being widely criticised for questioning the "blackness" of another boxer and journalist Andrew Bolt being successfully sued for publishing discriminatory comments about Aboriginals with light skin.


Premise: Original 360 Alpha dev kits used what existing system's hardware?

Hypothesis: Before the launch of the Xbox 360, several Alpha development kits were spotted using Apple's Power Mac G5 hardware.


Premise: What does DNA consist of?

Hypothesis: The vast majority of living organisms encode their genes in long strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


Premise: Devotion is an important part of the practice of most what?

Hypothesis: Devotion is an important part of the practice of most Buddhists.


Premise: When did the pope bid farewell?

Hypothesis: John XXIII gently helped him before bidding those present a last farewell.


Premise: What console boasted compatibility with the Wii?

Hypothesis: They also announced that Zelda would appear on the Wii (then codenamed "Revolution"), but it was not clear to the media if this meant Twilight Princess or a different game.


Premise: How does Oklahoma rank among US states for agriculture?

Hypothesis: The state ranks third in the nation for production of natural gas, is the 27th-most agriculturally productive state, and also ranks 5th in production of wheat.


Premise: About how many people visited the 2008 European Beer Festival?

Hypothesis: In Denmark—a country, like Britain, with a long tradition of brewing—a number of pubs have opened which eschew "theming", and which instead focus on the business of providing carefully conditioned beer, often independent of any particular brewery or chain, in an environment which would not be unfamiliar to a British pub-goer.


Premise: What river forms a natural border between Montevideo and San Jose Department?

Hypothesis: The Santa Lucía River forms a natural border between Montevideo and San José Department to its west.


Premise: Where does Greenwich Mean Time marked?

Hypothesis: London is home to numerous museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Tate Modern, British Library and 40 West End theatres.


Premise: Who was a former Ottoman high-ranking officer?

Hypothesis: The demise of the political Near East now left a gap where it had been, into which stepped the Middle East.


Premise: Why did Kim's war plan need revising?

Hypothesis: Kim was concerned that South Korean agents had learned about the plans and South Korean forces were strengthening their defenses.


Premise: What do the structure of a contempory traditional orchestra consist of?

Hypothesis: The structure of a contemporary traditional mandolin orchestra consists of: first and second mandolins, mandolas (either octave mandolas, tuned an octave below the mandolin, or tenor mandolas, tuned like the viola), mandocellos (tuned like the cello), and bass instruments (conventional string bass or, rarely, mandobasses).


Premise: Reading and interpreting from a control unit is called doing what?

Hypothesis: The control unit (often called a control system or central controller) manages the computer's various components; it reads and interprets (decodes) the program instructions, transforming them into control signals that activate other parts of the computer.


Premise: What Act did Disraeli push through Parliment in 1876?

Hypothesis: In the 1874 general election, Disraeli was returned to power.


Premise: When did "Awakenings" come out?

Hypothesis: Penny Marshall's 1990 film Awakenings, which was nominated for several Oscars, is based on neurologist Oliver Sacks' 1973 account of his psychiatric patients at Beth Abraham Hospital in the Bronx who were paralyzed by a form of encephalitis but briefly responded to the drug L-dopa.


Premise: Which street runs from Riverside Drive to Amsterdam Avenue?

Hypothesis: The street resumes at the eastern edge of Morningside Park and extends through Harlem before ending at First Avenue adjacent Thomas Jefferson Park in East Harlem.


Premise: Where was Polybius from?

Hypothesis: The earliest and most credible surviving source for the Hellenistic period is Polybius of Megalopolis (c. 200-118), a statesman of the Achaean League until 168 BCE when he was forced to go to Rome as a hostage.


Premise: How much precipitation does Cork usually receive?

Hypothesis: Despite this, however, Cork is also one of Ireland's sunniest cities, with an average of 3.9 hours of sunshine every day and only having 67 days where there is no "recordable sunshine", mostly during and around winter.


Premise: Which type of wasp is a well-known example of a parasitoid?

Hypothesis: A well-known example of a parasitoids are the ichneumon wasps, solitary insects living a free life as an adult, then laying eggs on or in another species such as a caterpillar.


Premise: Which large body of water does Galicia border?

Hypothesis: Located in the North-West of the Iberian Peninsula, it comprises the provinces of A Coruña, Lugo, Ourense and Pontevedra, being bordered by Portugal to the south, the Spanish autonomous communities of Castile and León and Asturias to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the north.


Premise: Who separated from white congregations and associations after the war?

Hypothesis: In 2007, the Pew Research Center's Religious Landscape Survey found that 45% of all African-Americans identify with Baptist denominations, with the vast majority of those being within the historically black tradition.


Premise: What is a popular grain source for brewing beer in Mexico?

Hypothesis: The amount of each starch source in a beer recipe is collectively called the grain bill.


Premise: What does the enumeration process start by doing?

Hypothesis: If the USB host is restarted, the enumeration process is repeated for all connected devices.


Premise: When was an oath requiring militia to abjure the pretensions of the pope replaced?

Hypothesis: An oath had also been imposed on the militia during the French and Indian War requiring them to abjure the pretensions of the Pope, which may or may not have been applied during the Revolution.


Premise: Where did children work prior to the Industrial Revolution?

Hypothesis: According to Milton Friedman, before the Industrial Revolution virtually all children worked in agriculture.


Premise: Where can one find a greater variety of bit rates?

Hypothesis: The rate of 128 kbit/s is commonly used, at a compression ratio of 11:1, offering adequate audio quality in a relatively small space.


Premise: Which politicians donated funds to establish the Royal College of Chemistry?

Hypothesis: The Royal College of Chemistry was established by private subscription in 1845 as there was a growing awareness that practical aspects of the experimental sciences were not well taught and that in the United Kingdom the teaching of chemistry in particular had fallen behind that in Germany.


Premise: Where was the foundation based?

Hypothesis: Beijing accepted the aid of the Tzu Chi Foundation from Taiwan late on May 13.


Premise: What kind of policing has become common practice?

Hypothesis: James Sheptycki has analyzed the effects of the new information technologies on the organization of policing-intelligence and suggests that a number of 'organizational pathologies' have arisen that make the functioning of security-intelligence processes in transnational policing deeply problematic.


Premise: How would the marriage of a man and woman on the ship serve as a fertility ritual?

Hypothesis: Also there are some indications that the effigy of Nerthus or Freyr was placed on a ship with wheels and accompanied by a procession of people in animal disguise and men in women's clothes.


Premise: What is one of the most important qualifications for a communications professional to have?

Hypothesis: Since it is difficult to develop such a broad range of skills, communications professionals often specialize in one or two of these areas but usually have at least a working knowledge of most of them.


Premise: What is the age limit on the Olympic men's tournament?

Hypothesis: The Olympic men's tournament is played at Under-23 level.


Premise: What caused the Roman state to provide armaments to their army?

Hypothesis: This was accompanied by severe social stresses and the greater collapse of the middle classes.


Premise: In what year did Otto I become Holy Roman Emperor?

Hypothesis: By the late 10th century Italy had been drawn into the Ottonian sphere after a period of instability; Otto III (r. 996–1002) spent much of his later reign in the kingdom.


Premise: In what year was Tito reelected president of Yugoslavia for the sixth time?

Hypothesis: The body would have a single chairman of the presidency and chairmanship would rotate among six republics.


Premise: The MGM/UA-Turner deal concerned MGM films released prior to what date?

Hypothesis: Before the creation of Turner Classic Movies, films from Turner's library of movies aired on the Turner Broadcasting System's advertiser-supported cable network TNT – along with colorized versions of black-and-white classics such as The Maltese Falcon.


Premise: What do field windings provide?

Hypothesis: A PM motor does not have a field winding on the stator frame, instead relying on PMs to provide the magnetic field against which the rotor field interacts to produce torque.


Premise: When are the transfer windows?

Hypothesis: Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association.


Premise: What do lithotrophs use ?

Hypothesis: Bacteria are further divided into lithotrophs that use inorganic electron donors and organotrophs that use organic compounds as electron donors.


Premise: What light can harm human eyes or skin?

Hypothesis: This method is less efficient than blue LEDs with YAG:Ce phosphor, as the Stokes shift is larger, so more energy is converted to heat, but yields light with better spectral characteristics, which render color better.


Premise: What was the goal in the General Staff studying past operations?

Hypothesis: This was in large part due to the fact that the Prussian General Staff was created to study previous Prussian operations and learn to avoid mistakes.


Premise: What award did Spielberg receive on Jul 15, 2006?

Hypothesis: The tribute to Spielberg featured a short, filmed biography narrated by Tom Hanks and included thank-yous from World War II veterans for Saving Private Ryan, as well as a performance of the finale to Leonard Bernstein's Candide, conducted by John Williams (Spielberg's frequent composer).[citation needed]


Premise: What was the first general labor strike in the 20th century?

Hypothesis: A shipbuilding boom in the early part of the 20th century became massive during World War I, making Seattle somewhat of a company town; the subsequent retrenchment led to the Seattle General Strike of 1919, the first general strike in the country.


Premise: In 2012 what percentage of Hyderabad freight was moved by road?

Hypothesis: The large number of vehicles coupled with relatively low road coverage—roads occupy only 9.5% of the total city area:79—has led to widespread traffic congestion especially since 80% of passengers and 60% of freight are transported by road.:3 The Inner Ring Road, the Outer Ring Road, the Hyderabad Elevated Expressway, the longest flyover in India, and various interchanges, overpasses and underpasses were built to ease the congestion.


Premise: Who was called in to watch over the presidential election in 2004?

Hypothesis: It was the first time the OSCE had sent observers to a U.S. presidential election, although they had been invited in the past.


Premise: What system also complements walking and biking?

Hypothesis: The centre has been transformed into a pedestrian priority zone that enables and invites walking and biking by making these active modes of transport comfortable, safe and enjoyable.


Premise: What original colors from the 19th century were used on the advice of Sir Charles Long?

Hypothesis: The original early 19th-century interior designs, many of which survive, include widespread use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis, on the advice of Sir Charles Long.


Premise: Who bought FleetBoston Financial?

Hypothesis: Boston is an intellectual, technological, and political center but has lost some important regional institutions, including the acquisition of The Boston Globe by The New York Times, and the loss to mergers and acquisitions of local financial institutions such as FleetBoston Financial, which was acquired by Charlotte-based Bank of America in 2004.


Premise: What had the contest between the Cubs and the St. Louis Cardinals been dubbed as?

Hypothesis: it has since been dubbed simply "The Sandberg Game."


Premise: What distinction was afforded to New Haven in 2014 by Livability.com?

Hypothesis: Livability.com named New Haven as the Best Foodie City in the country in 2014.


Premise: To what part of the prey does Richard Dawkins refer to as the "survival machine"?

Hypothesis: This is best understood in the context of the gene centered view of evolution.


Premise: Who would improvise musical ornaments in the Baroque era?

Hypothesis: Although Classical music in the 2000s has lost most of its tradition for musical improvisation, from the Baroque era to the Romantic era, there are examples of performers who could improvise in the style of their era.


Premise: What political party was Russells ministry?

Hypothesis: It was only in 1851 that Palmerston was removed after he announced the British government's approval of President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte's coup in France without consulting the Prime Minister.


Premise: What greatly benefited the Russian resistance?

Hypothesis: to the deployment of newly invented blockade mines.


Premise: What are these bars made out of?

Hypothesis: In the past, bars were made of wood, but the bars were prone to breaking, providing an incentive to switch to newer technologies.


Premise: What are the women who stormy city halls allowed to do to any passing man?

Hypothesis: Some cities are more famous for celebrations such as parades and costume balls.


Premise: In 2008 what disease did Queen perform benefit concerts for?

Hypothesis: On 15 August 2006, Brian May confirmed through his website and fan club that Queen + Paul Rodgers would begin producing their first studio album beginning in October, to be recorded at a "secret location".


Premise: Who in turn did Salisbury and Kilmuir consult?

Hypothesis: Lord Salisbury and Lord Kilmuir, the Lord Chancellor, consulted the British Cabinet, Winston Churchill, and the Chairman of the backbench 1922 Committee, resulting in the Queen appointing their recommended candidate: Harold Macmillan.


Premise: What did Kedafu establish in 1734?

Hypothesis: At some point after 1672, Aussa declined in conjunction with Imam Umar Din bin Adam's recorded ascension to the throne.


Premise: Which university is the third-largest in the state?

Hypothesis: Oklahoma Christian University, one of the state's private liberal arts institutions, is located just south of the Edmond border, inside the Oklahoma City limits.


Premise: Beyonce tied who for most number one singles by a female?

Hypothesis: The song topped the US Pop Songs chart, becoming the sixth number-one for both Beyoncé and Gaga, tying them with Mariah Carey for most number-ones since the Nielsen Top 40 airplay chart launched in 1992.


Premise: What statement was replaced in her proclamation about the civil war?

Hypothesis: She wrote of "her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state "should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration".


Premise: On what date was the 2014 Human Development Report released?

Hypothesis: Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:


Premise: Who was the President and CEO of SCEA in the year 2010?

Hypothesis: Rumors of such service had been in speculation since Kaz Hirai's announcement at TGS 2009 of a possible paid service for PSN but with the current PSN service still available.


Premise: when was mr. fingers' "mystery of love" released?

Hypothesis: Deep house's origins can be traced to Chicago producer Mr Fingers's relatively jazzy, soulful recordings "Mystery of Love" (1985) and "Can You Feel It?"


Premise: Which dynasty supported the Deccani Urdu literature movement?

Hypothesis: The reign of the Nizams saw many literary reforms and the introduction of Urdu as a language of court, administration and education.


Premise: Who bombed London in both World War I and World War II?

Hypothesis: London was bombed by the Germans during the First World War while during the Second World War, the Blitz and other bombings by the German Luftwaffe, killed over 30,000 Londoners and destroyed large tracts of housing and other buildings across the city.


Premise: What is the origin of the Spanish word teja?

Hypothesis: Thus, Catalan alfàbia "large earthenware jar" and rajola "tile", of Arabic origin, contrast with Spanish tinaja and teja, of Latin origin; whereas Catalan oli "oil" and oliva "olive", of Latin origin, contrast with Spanish aceite and aceituna.


Premise: What did Jefferson draft his Statute of Religious Freedom in opposition to?

Hypothesis: Jefferson's Statute of Religious Freedom was drafted in opposition to a bill, chiefly supported by Patrick Henry, which would permit any Virginian to belong to any denomination, but which would require him to belong to some denomination and pay taxes to support it.


Premise: How many councillors are assigned to each ward in Southampton?

Hypothesis: Council elections are held in early May for one third of the seats (one councillor for each ward), elected for a four-year term, so there are elections three years out of four.


Premise: While not illegal, an unholy alliance can be more dangerous to the public than what?

Hypothesis: Like patronage, unholy alliances are not necessarily illegal, but unlike patronage, by its deceptive nature and often great financial resources, an unholy alliance can be much more dangerous to the public interest.


Premise: Why did universities have these gardens?

Hypothesis: They were forerunners of the first botanical gardens attached to universities, founded from the 1540s onwards.


Premise: How many members are in the German Football Federation?

Hypothesis: Sport forms an integral part of German life, as demonstrated by the fact that 27 million Germans are members of a sports club and an additional twelve million pursue such an activity individually.


Premise: Which two countries experienced peasant uprisings?

Hypothesis: Along with depopulation came social unrest and endemic warfare.


Premise: Cyprus and Cyrene were run by whom?

Hypothesis: External possessions such as Cyprus and Cyrene were run by strategoi, military commanders appointed by the crown.


Premise: Why did peasants from Zhangzhou travel north to Xiamen?

Hypothesis: Quanzhou traders began travelling southwards to Xiamen to carry on their businesses while Zhangzhou peasants began traveling northwards to Xiamen in search of job opportunities.


Premise: How far do British chaffinch more in their lives?

Hypothesis: Many long-distance migrants appear to be genetically programmed to respond to changing day length.


Premise: How many feet above sea level is the City of Boston?

Hypothesis: The city's official elevation, as measured at Logan International Airport, is 19 ft (5.8 m) above sea level.


Premise: How many grad students were in Oklahoma in 2007?

Hypothesis: Of these students, 18,892 received a bachelor's degree, 5,386 received a master's degree, and 462 received a first professional degree.


Premise: Outside of what structure did the execution of the Southampton Plot leaders take place?

Hypothesis: Prior to King Henry's departure for the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, the ringleaders of the "Southampton Plot"—Richard, Earl of Cambridge, Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham, and Sir Thomas Grey of Heton—were accused of high treason and tried at what is now the Red Lion public house in the High Street.


Premise: What kind of plane was the Red Wing?

Hypothesis: The White Wing and June Bug were to follow and by the end of 1908, over 150 flights without mishap had been accomplished.


Premise: Suga Mama is also a song on which Beyoncé album?

Hypothesis: In 2006, Beyoncé introduced her all-female tour band Suga Mama (also the name of a song in B'Day) which includes bassists, drummers, guitarists, horn players, keyboardists and percussionists.


Premise: Which of Hayek's books had an impact on those against postmodernism?

Hypothesis: Hayek's greatest intellectual debt was to Carl Menger, who pioneered an approach to social explanation similar to that developed in Britain by Bernard Mandeville and the Scottish moral philosophers in the Scottish Enlightenment.


Premise: How long does military occupation specialties training last?

Hypothesis: Depending on the needs of the army, Basic Combat Training for combat arms soldiers is conducted at a number of locations, but two of the longest-running are the Armor School and the Infantry School, both at Fort Benning, Georgia.


Premise: How many members did the WVS have at the end of 1941?

Hypothesis: By the end of 1941, the WVS had one million members.


Premise: Where did Beyoncé announce her pregnancy?

Hypothesis: At the end of the performance, she dropped her microphone, unbuttoned her blazer and rubbed her stomach, confirming her pregnancy she had alluded to earlier in the evening.


Premise: How does a stepper motor differ from a synchronous motor?

Hypothesis: Unlike a synchronous motor, in its application, the stepper motor may not rotate continuously; instead, it "steps"—starts and then quickly stops again—from one position to the next as field windings are energized and de-energized in sequence.


Premise: What is Estonia's highest mountain point?

Hypothesis: A small, recent cluster of meteorite craters, the largest of which is called Kaali is found on Saaremaa, Estonia.


Premise: What river was used to ferry granite from Dartmoor to Plymouth?

Hypothesis: To the north and north east of the city is the granite mass of Dartmoor; the granite was mined and exported via Plymouth.


Premise: What did Kanye announce he would release after acquiring a Grammy in 2005?

Hypothesis: In September 2005, West announced that he would release his Pastelle Clothing line in spring 2006, claiming "Now that I have a Grammy under my belt and Late Registration is finished, I am ready to launch my clothing line next spring.


Premise: What is the name of the hospital in West Raleigh?

Hypothesis: The area is bordered to the west by suburban Cary.


Premise: How does the weight of uranium-238 compare to that of uranium-235?

Hypothesis: In this process, uranium hexafluoride is repeatedly diffused through a silver-zinc membrane, and the different isotopes of uranium are separated by diffusion rate (since uranium 238 is heavier it diffuses slightly slower than uranium-235).


Premise: An 1830 sonnet was written about Chopin by what man?

Hypothesis: The earliest manifestation was probably an 1830 sonnet on Chopin by Leon Ulrich.


Premise: Who were the first two countries to recognize the State of Israel?

Hypothesis: The United States and the Soviet Union were the first two countries to recognize the State of Israel, having declared recognition roughly simultaneously.


Premise: What is the number of missing persons?

Hypothesis: This estimate includes 158 earthquake relief workers who were killed in landslides as they tried to repair roads.


Premise: What type of clothing is frequently the product of sweatshops?

Hypothesis: While most examples of such conditions are found in developing countries, clothes made in industrialized nations may also be manufactured similarly, often staffed by undocumented immigrants.[citation needed]


Premise: Islands in the Caribbean that include Dutch as an official language include Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and what other place?

Hypothesis: Historical minorities on the verge of extinction remain in parts of France and Germany, and in Indonesia,[n 1] while up to half a million native speakers may reside in the United States, Canada and Australia combined.[n 2]


Premise: What year was Queen's second album released?

Hypothesis: Allmusic has described the album as a favourite among the band's hardcore fans, and it is the first of three Queen albums to feature in the book 1001 Albums


Premise: Where have French Troops been stationed since September 11, 2001?

Hypothesis: Since the September 11, 2001 attacks, French troops have been stationed at the Dushanbe Airport in support of air operations of NATO's International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan.


Premise: What was the name of the first ship to use Edison's lamp?

Hypothesis: Edison continued to improve this design and by 4 November 1879, filed for a US patent for an electric lamp using "a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected ... to platina contact wires."


Premise: How much tax revenue did tourism generate for Tennessee in 2014?

Hypothesis: In 2014 a record 100 million people visited the state resulting in $17.7 billion in tourism related spending within the state, an increase of 6.3% over 2013; tax revenue from tourism equaled $1.5 billion.


Premise: What is LaserDisc playback quality dependent on?

Hypothesis: In contrast, LaserDisc playback quality is highly dependent on hardware quality.


Premise: What is the expected rainfall in the zone considered to be dry in Burma ?

Hypothesis: It lies in the monsoon region of Asia, with its coastal regions receiving over 5,000 mm (196.9 in) of rain annually.


Premise: What did project lantern announce in 2010

Hypothesis: The IJM used the grant money to found "Project Lantern" and established an office in the Philippines city of Cebu.


Premise: What does ASCII stand for?

Hypothesis: ASCII (i/ˈæski/ ASS-kee), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character-encoding scheme (the IANA prefers the name US-ASCII).


Premise: What period of music did the iPod help bring to a close?

Hypothesis: The iPod has also been credited with accelerating shifts within the music industry.


Premise: Who arrived at the Marshall Islands in 1788?

Hypothesis: Captain John Charles Marshall and Thomas Gilbert visited the islands in 1788.


Premise: From what chronic illness was Nasser suffering?

Hypothesis: Nasser ultimately backed down, wary of a possible violent confrontation between the military and his civilian government.


Premise: On what date did the Garde Nationale kill as many as fifty people on Champs de Mars?

Hypothesis: A law adopted by the new government on October 20, 1789 authorized the Garde Nationale to raise the red flag in the event of a riot, to signal that the Garde would imminently intervene.


Premise: Where are agents sent to become FBI Special Agents?

Hypothesis: The FBI Academy, located in Quantico, Virginia, is home to the communications and computer laboratory the FBI utilizes.


Premise: In 1914 what portion of the Empire weren't Muslims?

Hypothesis: Until the second half of the 15th century the empire had a Christian majority, under the rule of a Muslim minority.


Premise: What happened to the rest of the animal?

Hypothesis: In the 19th century, southern and central European sport hunters often pursued game only for a trophy, usually the head or pelt of an animal, which was then displayed as a sign of prowess.


Premise: What happened to the 2005 deadlines?

Hypothesis: Other organisations claim progress has been made, but the protocol's 2005 deadlines have not yet been met.


Premise: Who did Schwarzenegger finally endorse in the 2008 Republican primary?

Hypothesis: Schwarzenegger's endorsement in the Republican primary of the 2008 U.S. presidential election was highly sought; despite being good friends with candidates Rudy Giuliani and Senator John McCain, Schwarzenegger remained neutral throughout 2007 and early 2008.