Premise: Who accused H&M of using products made by child labours?

Hypothesis: Anti-Slavery International and the Environmental Justice Foundation (EJF) accused H&M and Zara of using cotton suppliers in Bangladesh.


Premise: Who are Rescator?

Hypothesis: Warnings were delivered at both corporations, but ignored; physical security breaches using self checkout machines are believed to have played a large role.


Premise: What layer is under the epidermis?

Hypothesis: Under the epidermis is the dermis, which is made of connective tissue, in other words a combination of cells and non-cellular materials such as collagen.


Premise: In what year did ZZ Top release Eliminator?

Hypothesis: All Your Lovin'" (1983), which helped their albums Eliminator (1983) and Afterburner (1985) achieve diamond and multi-platinum status respectively.


Premise: If someone is not bilingual and only speaks Spanish, how do they learn about current events?

Hypothesis: There are 500 Spanish newspapers, 152 magazines, and 205 publishers in the United States; magazine and local television advertising expenditures for the Hispanic market have increased much from 1999 to 2003, with growth of 58 percent and 43 percent, respectively.


Premise: What was Canada's date for the switch between analog and digital transmission?

Hypothesis: the CBC informed them that it will not extend its association with any of its private affiliates beyond August 31, 2011.


Premise: When was the first typewritter with a shift key created?

Hypothesis: Mechanical typewriters followed the standard set by the Remington No. 2 (1878), the first typewriter with a shift key, and the shifted values of 23456789- were "#$%_&'() –  early typewriters omitted 0 and 1, using O (capital letter o) and l (lowercase letter L) instead, but 1! and 0) pairs became standard once 0 and 1 became common.


Premise: What kind of asphalt pavements an cold-mix asphalt resemble?

Hypothesis: Chipseal involves spraying the road surface with asphalt emulsion followed by a layer of crushed rock, gravel or crushed slag.


Premise: Where did Kerry's paternal grandparents immigrate from?

Hypothesis: Kerry's paternal grandparents, shoe businessman Frederick A. "Fred" Kerry and musician Ida Lowe, were immigrants from the Austro-Hungarian Empire.


Premise: What movement made a permanent mark on Protestantism in the U.S.?

Hypothesis: The First Great Awakening was an evangelical and revitalization movement that swept through Protestant Europe and British America, especially the American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s, leaving a permanent impact on American Protestantism.


Premise: What did Parisian ladies consider proper etiquette when in Chopin's room?

Hypothesis: With his health further deteriorating, Chopin desired to have a family member with him.


Premise: What needs to be completed before the RMS Saint Helena can be decommissioned?

Hypothesis: However, its service life has been extended indefinitely until the airport is completed.


Premise: When did the First Intifada break out?

Hypothesis: Despite public outrage, Israel heeded US calls to refrain from hitting back and did not participate in that war.


Premise: What was the name given to these dummy airfields?

Hypothesis: It was to be some months before an effective night fighter force would be ready, and anti-aircraft defences only became adequate after the Blitz was over, so ruses were created to lure German bombers away from their targets.


Premise: Where was the decision made for this council?

Hypothesis: This decision was announced on 29 January 1959 at the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls.


Premise: Who introduced the phalanx formation into Rome's army?

Hypothesis: During this period, Roman soldiers seem to have been modelled after those of the Etruscans to the north, who themselves seem to have copied their style of warfare from the Greeks.


Premise: What was the name of the a cappella musical that first opened 28 January 1994?

Hypothesis: A cappella has been used as the sole orchestration for original works of musical theater that have had commercial runs Off-Broadway (theaters in New York City with 99 to 500 seats) only four times.


Premise: What was the initial purpose of the BitTorrent protocol?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, whether and to what degree any of these types of intermediaries have secondary liability is the subject of ongoing litigation.


Premise: Who resided at the School of Salerno in Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum?

Hypothesis: Most of Galen's teachings were gathered and enhanced in the late 11th century by Benedictine monks at the School of Salerno in Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum, which still had users in the 17th century.


Premise: Which character has some critics deemed a variation of a contented slave?

Hypothesis: One writer asserts that the use of Scout's narration serves as a convenient mechanism for readers to be innocent and detached from the racial conflict.


Premise: When were the Houston Astros in the World Series?

Hypothesis: The Houston Rockets are a National Basketball Association (NBA) franchise based in the city since 1971.


Premise: Who else uses antibiotics besides the medical industry?

Hypothesis: Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance.


Premise: what was the name of the Rabbi of Altona?

Hypothesis: In reaction to the emergence of Reform Judaism, a group of traditionalist German Jews emerged in support of some of the values of the Haskalah, but also wanted to defend the classic, traditional interpretation of Jewish law and tradition.


Premise: Arizona is south of which river?

Hypothesis: Tucson became a part of the United States of America, although the American military did not formally take over control until March 1856.


Premise: What language started the trend of referring to the Netherlands as "Germania Inferior"?

Hypothesis: The repeated use of Neder (or "low") to refer to the Dutch language is a reference to the Netherlands' downriver location at the Rhine–


Premise: Who argues that madaris are not the same as traditional European universities?

Hypothesis: Despite the many similarities, medieval specialists have coined the term "Islamic college" for madrasa and jāmiʻah to differentiate them from the legally autonomous corporations that the medieval European universities were.


Premise: Article 23, before it was rephrased allowed what?

Hypothesis: Later, the constitution was amended to state that the citizens of the 16 states had successfully achieved the unity of Germany in free self-determination and that the Basic Law thus applied to the entire German people.


Premise: When was Robert Michel elected minority leader?

Hypothesis: Gephardt's predecessor in the minority leadership position was Robert Michel, R-IL, who became GOP Leader in 1981 after spending 24 years in the House.


Premise: Along with J. R. R. Tolkien, who was a noted member of the Inklings?

Hypothesis: The Eagle in Cambridge is where Francis Crick interrupted patrons' lunchtime on 28 February 1953 to announce that he and James Watson had "discovered the secret of life" after they had come up with their proposal for the structure of DNA.


Premise: In northern Europe, which months have temperatures similar to Valencia's in January?

Hypothesis: The January average is comparable to temperatures expected for May and September in the major cities of northern Europe.


Premise: How much money did the thirteen million hunters spend on their sport in 2001?

Hypothesis: In 2001, over thirteen million hunters averaged eighteen days hunting, and spent over $20.5 billion on their sport.[citation needed]


Premise: What did the OKL insist on maintaining?

Hypothesis: Even so, the decision by OKL to support the strategy in Directive 23 was instigated by two considerations, both of which had little to do with wanting to destroy Britain's sea communications in conjunction with the Kriegsmarine.


Premise: What is another term for a phylogenetic tree?

Hypothesis: Whereas Carl Linnaeus established a taxonomy of living organisms based on anatomical similarities and differences, cladistics seeks to establish a taxonomy—the phylogenetic tree—based on genetic similarities and differences and tracing the process of acquisition of multiple characteristics by single organisms.


Premise: What is the land mass of  Myanmar ?

Hypothesis: my-AN-mar (also with the stress on first syllable); Burmese pronunciation: [mjəmà]),[nb 1] officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia bordered by Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand.


Premise: Who were MBE'S?

Hypothesis: The members of The Beatles were made MBEs in 1965.


Premise: What did the courts rule was NOT infringement?

Hypothesis: In Europe, the copyright infringement case Public Relations Consultants Association Ltd v Newspaper Licensing Agency Ltd had two prongs; one concerned whether a news aggregator service infringed the copyright of the news generators; the other concerned whether the temporary web cache created by the web browser of a consumer of the aggregator's service, also infringed the copyright of the news generators.


Premise: What does NCDC stand for?

Hypothesis: Many students are involved in community service in one form or another.


Premise: What did Clover Field built airplanes attempt the first of?

Hypothesis: In 1924, four Douglas-built planes took off from Clover Field to attempt the first aerial circumnavigation of the world.


Premise: The implicit meaning of a Quranic verse that is known fully only by God is which type of ta'wil?

Hypothesis: Acceptable ta'wil refers to the meaning of a verse beyond its literal meaning; rather the implicit meaning, which ultimately is known only to God and can't be comprehended directly through human thought alone.


Premise: What concept did Irenaeus cite to help support his arguments?

Hypothesis: The use of the word "heresy" was given wide currency by Irenaeus in his 2nd century tract Contra Haereses (Against Heresies) to describe and discredit his opponents during the early centuries of the Christian community.[citation needed]


Premise: What is a concern with the new zinc pennies?

Hypothesis: With the new zinc pennies, there is the potential for zinc toxicosis, which can be fatal.


Premise: What does the British-Irish Council discuss?

Hypothesis: The Council does not have executive powers but meets biannually to discuss issues of mutual importance.


Premise: How many stories does the Potala Palace contain?

Hypothesis: Formerly the residence of the Dalai Lama, it contains over one thousand rooms within thirteen stories, and houses portraits of the past Dalai Lamas and statues of the Buddha.


Premise: Which piece of legislature marked the start of discrimination against Asians?

Hypothesis: At the beginning of the 20th century, the United States passed the Immigration Act of 1924 to prevent Asian immigration out of fear that Asians were stealing white jobs and lowering the standard for wages.


Premise: What state has had only a single execution?

Hypothesis: Oregon abolished the death penalty through an overwhelming majority in a 1964 public referendum but reinstated it in a 1984 joint death penalty/life imprisonment referendum by an even higher margin after a similar 1978 referendum succeeded but was not implemented due to judicial rulings.


Premise: Why may regulations ban the use of lead in ammunition?

Hypothesis: The use of rifles is often banned for safety reasons in areas with high population densities or limited topographic relief.


Premise: In what year did the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere expand?

Hypothesis: By 1940 they had expanded this to include Indo-China, Malaya, and the Philippines within their concept of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.


Premise: When did the King and Queen visit North Africa and Malta?

Hypothesis: Throughout the war, the King and Queen provided morale-boosting visits throughout the United Kingdom, visiting bomb sites, munitions factories, and troops.


Premise: When did Julius Caesar overcome the Helvetii?

Hypothesis: The Roman expansion brought the defeat of the Allobrogi in 121 BC and during the Gallic Wars in 58 BC Julius Caesar overcame the Helvetii.


Premise: How many more people does Seattle expect to have by 2040?

Hypothesis: However, former mayor Greg Nickels supported plans that would increase the population by 60%, or 350,000 people, by 2040 and worked on ways to accommodate this growth while keeping Seattle's single-family housing zoning laws.


Premise: What type of personnel did every camp have?

Hypothesis: A senior magistrate-commander (sometimes even a consul) headed it, his chain of subordinates ran it and a ferocious system of training and discipline ensured that every citizen-soldier knew his duty.


Premise: How many Greek shipping companies were in operation in 2011?

Hypothesis: In terms of ship categories, Greek companies have 22.6% of the world's tankers and 16.1% of the world's bulk carriers (in dwt).


Premise: Who was the last prime minister to serve simultaneously as Chancellor of the Exchequer?

Hypothesis: The prime minister sits in the cabinet solely by virtue of occupying another office, either First Lord of the Treasury (office in commission), or more rarely Chancellor of the Exchequer (the last of whom was Balfour in 1905).


Premise: Where does Bern rank for top cities for the best quality of life?

Hypothesis: Bern is ranked among the world’s top ten cities for the best quality of life (2010).


Premise: What office contains the FBI's administrative offices?

Hypothesis: Each branch is then divided into offices and divisions, each headed by an assistant director.


Premise: What does an OTG device default to with no plug inserted?

Hypothesis: The OTG device with the A-plug inserted is called the A-device and is responsible for powering the USB interface when required and by default assumes the role of host.


Premise: If Siddhartha lived in a small republic, his father would have been a what?

Hypothesis: It was either a small republic, in which case his father was an elected chieftain, or an oligarchy, in which case his father was an oligarch.


Premise: What occupation did David Jones have?

Hypothesis: David Jones claims to be the oldest department store in the world still trading under its original name.


Premise: In what year did the tunnel open?

Hypothesis: The Borgata opened in July 2003, and its success brought an influx of developers to Atlantic City with plans for building grand Las Vegas style mega casinos to revitalize the aging city.


Premise: Who did the Slavs have contact with in Ukraine?

Hypothesis: Exceptions are Greece, where the lesser numbered Slavs scattered there came to be Hellenized (aided in time by more Greeks returning to Greece in the 9th century and the role of the church and administration) and Romania where Slavic people settled en route for present-day Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Bulgaria and East Thrace whereby the Slavic population had come to assimilate.


Premise: When was the Balfour Declaration issued?

Hypothesis: After pressure from Ireland and South Africa, the 1926 Imperial Conference issued the Balfour Declaration, declaring the Dominions to be "autonomous Communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another" within a "British Commonwealth of Nations".


Premise: Where did IGN place the PS3 on their 2009 list of the best video game consoles ever?

Hypothesis: IGN judged PlayStation 3 to have the best game line-up of 2008, based on their review scores in comparison to those of Wii and Xbox 360.


Premise: How many bird species does the British Isles have?

Hypothesis: Over 200 species of bird reside permanently and another 200 migrate.


Premise: What is the profession of Gian Carlo Menotti?

Hypothesis: The historic city provided a perfect fit: intimate enough that the Festival would captivate the entire city, yet cosmopolitan enough to provide an enthusiastic audience and robust infrastructure."


Premise: In CST, what triggers a destructive immune response?

Hypothesis: The theory was later modified to reflect new discoveries regarding histocompatibility or the complex "two-signal" activation of T cells.


Premise: How do administrators work with the DBMS?

Hypothesis: Database designers and database administrators interact with the DBMS through dedicated interfaces to build and maintain the applications' databases, and thus need some more knowledge and understanding about how DBMSs operate and the DBMSs' external interfaces and tuning parameters.


Premise: Did the Lexicon Technicum focus on theological and biographical entries or science and technology?

Hypothesis: Harris' book avoided theological and biographical entries; instead it concentrated on science and technology.


Premise: Major and minor what are means for managing dissonance and chromaticism?

Hypothesis: The beginnings of the sonata form took shape in the canzona, as did a more formalized notion of theme and variations.


Premise: What percentage of cloud-based instant messaging platform Telegram's users are from Iran?

Hypothesis: Direct access to Facebook has been blocked in Iran since the 2009 Iranian presidential election protests, due to organization of the opposition movements on the website; but however, Facebook has around 12 to 17 million users in Iran who are using virtual private networks and proxy servers to access the website.


Premise: What percentage of Iran's population were internet users in 2014?


Premise: What would qualify someone to use restricted use pesticides?

Hypothesis: Some pesticides are considered too hazardous for sale to the general public and are designated restricted use pesticides.


Premise: Who was the Chinese commander-in-chief of the 10th and 27th Army Groups?

Hypothesis: In response, the Chinese National Military Council dispatched the 4th Front Army and the 10th and 27th Army Groups with He Yingqin as commander-in-chief.


Premise: In what year did the Battle of Varna take place?

Hypothesis: After the tragic death of the young king Vladislaus I of Hungary during the Battle of Varna in 1444 against the Ottomans, the Kingdom was placed in the hands of count John Hunyadi, who became Hungary's regent-governor (1446–1453).


Premise: Who created the relational model of DBMS?

Hypothesis: The relational model employs sets of ledger-style tables, each used for a different type of entity.


Premise: What was the first name of Sony Music Entertainment, Inc?

Hypothesis: It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group.


Premise: Did the French hold St. John's?

Hypothesis: Although they took St. John's and raided nearby settlements, the French forces were eventually defeated by British troops at the Battle of Signal Hill.


Premise: What attributes make universal motors desireable for consumer applications like hair dryers?

Hypothesis: Whereas SCIMs cannot turn a shaft faster than allowed by the power line frequency, universal motors can run at much higher speeds.


Premise: The solar water heaters introduced in the US in the 1890s saw growth until what time period?

Hypothesis: These systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels.


Premise: During what period did Gondwana begin to break apart?

Hypothesis: In West Antarctica, coniferous forests dominated through the entire Cretaceous period (146–66 Ma), though southern beech became more prominent towards the end of this period.


Premise: Who ultimately deserved credit for the discovery of Neptune?

Hypothesis: Eventually, an international consensus emerged that both Le Verrier and Adams jointly deserved credit.


Premise: When did Vote for the Worst close?

Hypothesis: Since 2004, votes also have been affected to a limited degree by online communities such as DialIdol, Vote for the Worst (closed in 2013), and Vote for the Girls (started 2010).


Premise: What is human flourishing?

Hypothesis: Contemporary humanism entails a qualified optimism about the capacity of people, but it does not involve believing that human nature is purely good or that all people can live up to the Humanist ideals without help.


Premise: What is the new name for the part of the North Canadian River that resides within the city limits?

Hypothesis: In the 1990s, as part of the citywide revitalization project known as MAPS, the city built a series of low-water dams, returning water to the portion of the river flowing near downtown.


Premise: Rita Ranch also has a planned development called what?

Hypothesis: The suburban community of Rita Ranch houses many of the military families from Davis-Monthan, and is near the southeastern-most expansion of the current city limits.


Premise: How much did Idol earn in ad revenue alone for season 8?

Hypothesis: While that declined from season eight onwards, it still earned significantly more than its nearest competitor, with advertising revenue topping $800 million annually the next few seasons.


Premise: When might you hear smooth jazz on a soft AC station?

Hypothesis: Some soft AC and urban AC stations like to play smooth jazz on the weekends.


Premise: How many of the Roman military were involved in the Battle of Allia River?

Hypothesis: The Gauls, led by chieftain Brennus, defeated the Roman army of approximately 15,000 troops, pursued the fleeing Romans back to Rome, and sacked the city before being either driven off or bought off.


Premise: What game was bundled with the SNS-101?

Hypothesis: Like the earlier redesign of the NES (the NES-101 model), the new model was slimmer and lighter than its predecessor, but it lacked S-Video and RGB output, and it was among the last major SNES-related releases in the region.


Premise: What was it about the Renaissance that gave the Dominican Order problems?

Hypothesis: It struggled against pagan tendencies in Renaissance humanism, in Italy through Dominici and Savonarola, in Germany through the theologians of Cologne but it also furnished humanism with such advanced writers as Francesco Colonna (probably the writer of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili) and Matteo Bandello.


Premise: How many overseas territories remain under British sovereignty?

Hypothesis: Fourteen overseas territories remain under British sovereignty.


Premise: Who wrote The Principles of Geology?

Hypothesis: Darwin discovered fossils resembling huge armadillos, and noted the geographical distribution of modern species in hope of finding their "centre of creation".


Premise: What is believed to better offer sounds of higher frequencies, compact discs or records?

Hypothesis: There is a theory that vinyl records can audibly represent higher frequencies than compact discs.


Premise: What was largely ignored and upset many of Sadat's polidy?

Hypothesis: Even though Sadat's policy was intended to modernise Egypt and assist the middle class, it mainly benefited the higher class, and, because of the elimination of subsidies on basic foodstuffs, led to the 1977 Egyptian Bread Riots.


Premise: What is Atticus shooting the rabid dog symbolic of?

Hypothesis: Carolyn Jones argues that the dog represents prejudice within the town of Maycomb, and Atticus, who waits on a deserted street to shoot the dog, must fight against the town's racism without help from other white citizens.


Premise: How many broad types of anti-infective drugs exist?

Hypothesis: When infection attacks the body, anti-infective drugs can suppress the infection.


Premise: What is the rope made out of that the gymnists uses in their routine?

Hypothesis: This apparatus may be made of hemp or a synthetic material which retains the qualities of lightness and suppleness.


Premise: What states that the conservation of energy is a consequence of the fact that the laws of physics do not change over time?

Hypothesis: Thus, since 1918, theorists have understood that the law of conservation of energy is the direct mathematical consequence of the translational symmetry of the quantity conjugate to energy, namely time.


Premise: What has the Brazilian media been accused of?

Hypothesis: Critics note that people of color have limited media visibility.


Premise: In what part of the capacitor did Becker believe the charge was being stored?

Hypothesis: He believed that the energy was stored as a charge in the carbon pores used in his capacitor as in the pores of the etched foils of electrolytic capacitors.


Premise: What do ethnic festivals depict?

Hypothesis: Oklahoma's centennial celebration was named the top event in the United States for 2007 by the American Bus Association, and consisted of multiple celebrations saving with the 100th anniversary of statehood on November 16, 2007.


Premise: What is the name of the river that runs through Detroit?

Hypothesis: It is a major port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway.


Premise: What was Carnivore renamed to?

Hypothesis: The Associated Press reported in mid-January 2005 that the FBI essentially abandoned the use of Carnivore in 2001, in favor of commercially available software, such as NarusInsight.


Premise: What types of crops does Portugal produce?

Hypothesis: The country produces a wide variety of crops and livestock products, including tomatoes, citrus, green vegetables, rice, corn, barley, olives, oilseeds, nuts, cherries, bilberry, table grapes, edible mushrooms, dairy products, poultry and beef.


Premise: What year was Digimon: The movie released in the US/Canada?

Hypothesis: There have been nine Digimon movies released in Japan.


Premise: What bakery did Kerry co-found?

Hypothesis: However, Droney was re-elected and his health improved; he went on to re-assume many of the duties that he had delegated to Kerry.


Premise: What was the typical main focus of rooms?

Hypothesis: The chimneypiece continued to be the usual main focus of rooms, and was now given a classical treatment, and increasingly topped by a painting or a mirror.


Premise: Where do the superior artists and scientists of Mexico City have the option to attend?

Hypothesis: A special case is that of El Colegio Nacional, created during the district's governmental period of Miguel Alemán Valdés to have, in Mexico, an institution similar to the College of France.


Premise: What does Elisabeth Bumiller believe the reasoning behind the amount of political Yale alumni is?

Hypothesis: Various sources note the spirit of campus activism that has existed at Yale since the 1960s, and the intellectual influence of Reverend William Sloane Coffin on many of the future candidates.


Premise: The Russo-Turkish War resulted in what treaty?

Hypothesis: This action provoked the Ottoman Empire into the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774.


Premise: What kind of climate is exemplary of southern Europe?

Hypothesis: Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area.


Premise: What is the third and lesser referred to approach on defining the rule of law?

Hypothesis: Formalist definitions of the rule of law do not make a judgment about the "justness" of law itself, but define specific procedural attributes that a legal framework must have in order to be in compliance with the rule of law.


Premise: What UK charity works on behalf of Kathmandu art?

Hypothesis: Internationally, the British-based charity, the Kathmandu Contemporary Art Centre is involved with promoting arts in Kathmandu.


Premise: What Pakistani province is south of Punjab?

Hypothesis: The province is bordered by Kashmir (Azad Kashmir, Pakistan and Jammu and Kashmir, India) to the northeast, the Indian states of Punjab and Rajasthan to the east, the Pakistani province of Sindh to the south, the province of Balochistan to the southwest, the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, and the Islamabad Capital Territory to the north.


Premise: How many Americans live in the Congo?

Hypothesis: Around 300 American expatriates reside in the Congo.


Premise: What fell out of favor during this time?

Hypothesis: Inside ornament was far more generous, and could sometimes be overwhelming.


Premise: Who invited Canadians to resettle in Mexico during the Mexican Revolution?

Hypothesis: During the Mexican Revolution, Álvaro Obregón invited a group of Canadian German-speaking Mennonites to resettle in Mexico.


Premise: What are a couple examples of non-Summer music festivals in Portugal?

Hypothesis: There is also the student festivals of Queima das Fitas are major events in a number of cities across Portugal.


Premise: In what year was a tuna loining plant constructed?

Hypothesis: In 1999, a private company built a tuna loining plant with more than 400 employees, mostly women.


Premise: When was RNH Bighi built?

Hypothesis: In 1814, a neoclassical portico decorated with the British coat of arms was added to the Main Guard building so as to serve as a symbol of British Malta.


Premise: When did New York State ban unmarked cars for traffic cops?

Hypothesis: Some police forces use unmarked or minimally marked cars for traffic law enforcement, since drivers slow down at the sight of marked police vehicles and unmarked vehicles make it easier for officers to catch speeders and traffic violators.


Premise: What years was considered the Golden Age of Mandolins?

Hypothesis: During the Golden age itself (1880s-1920s), the mandolin had a strong presence in France.


Premise: What did Imam Ismail pass on to his son?

Hypothesis: The Ismailis believe that whether Imam Ismail did or did not die before Imam Ja'far, he had passed on the mantle of the imamate to his son Muḥammad ibn Ismail as the next imam.


Premise: What is the most typical type of art in the Kathmandu valley?

Hypothesis: Most art is in the form of icons of gods and goddesses.


Premise: Why did Jackson want this term to be used?

Hypothesis: In 1988, the civil rights leader Jesse Jackson urged Americans to use instead the term "African American" because it had a historical cultural base and was a construction similar to terms used by European descendants, such as German American, Italian American, etc.


Premise: What Catholic devotion would Martin Luther write about after the 95 theses/

Hypothesis: He would later write works on the Catholic devotion to Virgin Mary, the intercession of and devotion to the saints, the sacraments, mandatory clerical celibacy, monasticism, further on the authority of the pope, the ecclesiastical law, censure and excommunication, the role of secular rulers in religious matters, the relationship between Christianity and the law, good works, and the sacraments.


Premise: What is a protein that carries copper ions in chelation?

Hypothesis: Substances that may impart a greenish hue to one's skin include biliverdin, the green pigment in bile, and ceruloplasmin, a protein that carries copper ions in chelation.


Premise: What city was the Olympic Torch at on April 3rd?

Hypothesis: Turkey: The torch relay leg in Istanbul, held on April 3, started on Sultanahmet Square and finished in Taksim Square.


Premise: The notation of music on a what began to take shape at this time?

Hypothesis: This invention made possible the separation of the composition of a piece of music from its transmission; without written music, transmission was oral, and subject to change every time it was transmitted.


Premise: The discovery of the synthetic dye is claimed by some histories to have sparked what event?

Hypothesis: His contribution led to the creation of the Perkin Medal, an award given annually by the Society of Chemical Industry to a scientist residing in the United States for an "innovation in applied chemistry resulting in outstanding commercial development".


Premise: How many of the members of the Fono are elected to office?

Hypothesis: Forty-seven are matai title-holders elected from territorial districts by Samoans; the other two are chosen by non-Samoans with no chiefly affiliation on separate electoral rolls.


Premise: Who headed the WPD before Eisenhower?

Hypothesis: After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Eisenhower was assigned to the General Staff in Washington, where he served until June 1942 with responsibility for creating the major war plans to defeat Japan and Germany.


Premise: Which government supported the US's war Afghanistan and Iraq?

Hypothesis: Howard differed from his Labor predecessor Paul Keating in that he supported traditional Australian institutions like the Monarchy in Australia, the commemoration of ANZAC Day and the design of the Australian flag, but like Keating he pursued privatisation of public utilities and the introduction of a broad based consumption tax (although Keating had dropped support for a GST by the time of his 1993 election victory).


Premise: What 1910 piece did Albert Gleizes present in that show that introduced Cubism to the USA?

Hypothesis: Cubism and modern European art was introduced into the United States at the now legendary 1913 Armory Show in New York City, which then traveled to Chicago and Boston.


Premise: Which two neurotransmitters cause adolescents to be more emotional and more responsive to rewards and stresses?

Hypothesis: Development in the limbic system plays an important role in determining rewards and punishments and processing emotional experience and social information.


Premise: What were the people who used maps, blackboards, and mental calculation to ensure the safe separation of aircraft traveling between cities called?

Hypothesis: As commercial flying increased, the Bureau encouraged a group of airlines to establish the first three centers for providing air traffic control (ATC) along the airways.


Premise: When did the 1981 FIBA African Championship take place?

Hypothesis: He also won silver medals in this event at the 1987 and 1991 World Championships, as well as the 1985 IAAF World Marathon Cup.


Premise: What was the next biggest competitor for television viewers, next to the debate?

Hypothesis: After Kerry, responding to a question about gay rights, reminded the audience that Vice President Cheney's daughter was a lesbian, Cheney responded with a statement calling himself "a pretty angry father" due to Kerry using Cheney's daughter's sexual orientation for his political purposes.


Premise: How tall was the first office building to be approved in the on Water Street between Bishop's Cove and Steer's Cove?

Hypothesis: A 47-metre, 12-storey office building, which includes retail space and a parking garage, was the first building to be approved in this area.


Premise: What weather feature is highly unusual in Seattle?

Hypothesis: In November, Seattle averages more rainfall than any other U.S. city of more than 250,000 people; it also ranks highly in winter precipitation.


Premise: Yugoslavia was the only communist country to have an embassy where?

Hypothesis: One notable exception to Yugoslavia's neutral stance toward anti-communist countries was Chile under Pinochet; Yugoslavia was one of many countries which severed diplomatic relations with Chile after Salvador Allende was overthrown.


Premise: What grain is a staple for residents in the interior of Guinea-Bissau?

Hypothesis: Rice is a staple in the diet of residents near the coast and millet a staple in the interior.


Premise: In which armed force was the Duke of Edinburgh?

Hypothesis: At various times between 1949 and 1951, the Duke of Edinburgh was stationed in the British Crown Colony of Malta as a serving Royal Navy officer.


Premise: When did the preference of use of words from northern dialects begin?

Hypothesis: However, from the 19th century onwards, there is a tendency of favoring words of Northern dialects in detriment of others, even though nowadays there is a greater freedom of choice.


Premise: What do birds use for evaluation of potential mates and mate attraction?

Hypothesis: Some birds also use mechanical sounds for auditory communication.


Premise: The Charleston International Airport is located in what city?

Hypothesis: Charleston Executive Airport is a smaller airport located in the John's Island section of the city of Charleston and is used by noncommercial aircraft.


Premise: What four traits can a certification not measure?

Hypothesis: Certification itself cannot measure an individual's productivity, their skill, or practical knowledge, and cannot guarantee their competence, or professionalism as a tester.


Premise: John had not been a chosen name in how long?

Hypothesis: This was the first time in over 500 years that this name had been chosen; previous popes had avoided its use since the time of the Antipope John XXIII during the Western Schism several centuries before.


Premise: The 6th gen iPod Classic and 3rd gen iPod nano featured which font?

Hypothesis: In 2007, Apple modified the iPod interface again with the introduction of the sixth-generation iPod Classic and third-generation iPod Nano by changing the font to Helvetica and, in most cases, splitting the screen in half by displaying the menus on the left and album artwork, photos, or videos on the right (whichever was appropriate for the selected item).


Premise: What annual parade takes place on the Rajpath each January?

Hypothesis: The annual Republic Day parade takes place here on 26 January.


Premise: What is another name for New Classical Architecture?

Hypothesis: Sometimes it is also referred to as Neo-Historicism/Revivalism, Traditionalism or simply neoclassical architecture like the historical style.


Premise: When can tropical storms and hurricanes threaten Boston?

Hypothesis: Fog is fairly common, particularly in spring and early summer, and the occasional tropical storm or hurricane can threaten the region, especially in late summer and early autumn.


Premise: What do neurophysiologists study?

Hypothesis: Neurophysiologists study the chemical, pharmacological, and electrical properties of the brain: their primary tools are drugs and recording devices.


Premise: What two types of education does BYU strive to excel in while combining?

Hypothesis: " BYU is thus considered by its leaders to be at heart a religious institution, wherein, ideally, religious and secular education are interwoven in a way that encourages the highest standards in both areas.


Premise: What did the second Famicom controller have as a unique feature?

Hypothesis: The original model Famicom featured two game controllers, both of which were hardwired to the back of the console.


Premise: Who was the only host of American Idol after season one?

Hypothesis: Dunkleman quit thereafter, making Seacrest the sole emcee of the show starting with season two.


Premise: Who stated that this argument was in fact support of Humanism?

Hypothesis: Postmodern critics who are self-described anti-humanists, such as Jean-François Lyotard and Michel Foucault, have asserted that humanism posits an overarching and excessively abstract notion of humanity or universal human nature, which can then be used as a pretext for imperialism and domination of those deemed somehow less than human.


Premise: Who assists the FBI director?

Hypothesis: Along with his deputies, the director makes sure cases and operations are handled correctly.


Premise: Northern Greece inland features what type of climate?

Hypothesis: The inland parts of northern Greece, in Central Macedonia and East Macedonia and Thrace feature a temperate climate with cold, damp winters and hot, dry summers with frequent thunderstorms.


Premise: What was Eton's beagle club accused of in January 2016?

Hypothesis: The allegations were accompanied by a video of the Eton Beagles chasing a hare, as 'the hunt staff urge the beagles on and make no efforts to call the dogs off.'


Premise: What type of people often held Valencia's offices?

Hypothesis: the offices often filled by foreign aristocrats.


Premise: What does she get credits for in her music?

Hypothesis: She has received co-writing credits for most of the songs recorded with Destiny's Child and her solo efforts.


Premise: What is Tungi Spirit made out of?

Hypothesis: Saint Helena produces what is said to be the most expensive coffee in the world.


Premise: What did Nintendo consider emulators?

Hypothesis: Proponents of SNES emulation cite discontinued production of the SNES constituting abandonware status, the right of the owner of the respective game to make a personal backup via devices such as the Retrode, space shifting for private use, the desire to develop homebrew games for the system, the frailty of SNES ROM cartridges and consoles, and the lack of certain foreign imports.


Premise: Who was the author of Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds (1686)?

Hypothesis: Sarah Trimmer wrote a successful natural history textbook for children titled The Easy Introduction to the Knowledge of Nature (1782), which was published for many years after in eleven editions.


Premise: What Somali leader received tribute from the Omani empire?

Hypothesis: In the Middle Ages, several powerful Somali empires dominated the regional trade including the Ajuran Sultanate, which excelled in hydraulic engineering and fortress building, the Sultanate of Adal,


Premise: What made farming less dominant in the 20th century?

Hypothesis: In mid-June cows are moved to the highest pastures close to the snowline, where they are watched by herdsmen who stay in the high altitudes often living in stone huts or wooden barns during the summers.


Premise: What did Nasser do in his spare time?

Hypothesis: Aburish asserts that Nasser was not distressed by his frequent relocations, which broadened his horizons and showed him Egyptian society's class divisions.


Premise: Who won American Idols fourteenth season?

Hypothesis: By winning, Fradiani became the first winner from the Northeast region.


Premise: Who took over Eastern Armenia in the 19th century?

Hypothesis: Between the 16th century and 19th century, the traditional Armenian homeland composed of Eastern Armenia and Western Armenia came under the rule of the Ottoman and successive Iranian empires, repeatedly ruled by either of the two over the centuries.


Premise: What green technology did Schwarzenegger have installed at home to reduce his carbon footprint?

Hypothesis: In addition to using his political power to fight global warming, the governor has taken steps at his home to reduce his personal carbon footprint.


Premise: In what language did the educated Indian speak?

Hypothesis: Many smaller clans mentioned within early literature seem to have been present across the rest of the subcontinent.


Premise: What year was game theory established?

Hypothesis: Von Neumann proved his minimax theorem in 1928.


Premise: What devices are often equipped with infrared blockers?

Hypothesis: Digital cameras often use infrared blockers.


Premise: What language did Chopin's father teach?

Hypothesis: The father played the flute and violin; the mother played the piano and gave lessons to boys in the boarding house that the Chopins kept.


Premise: What is another term for legal adulthood?

Hypothesis: Adolescence (from Latin adolescere, meaning "to grow up") is a transitional stage of physical and psychological human development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood (age of majority).


Premise: What industry does South Park give priority to?

Hypothesis: Located on both sides of the "Chengdu-Dujiangyan-Jiuzhaigou" golden tourism channel, the West Park aims at building a comprehensive industrial park targeting at industrial clustering with complete supportive functions.


Premise: What was one of the actions businesses took to preserve cash?

Hypothesis: Businesses are cancelling planned investments and laying off workers to preserve cash.


Premise: How were James O. Fraser, Alfred James Broomhall, and Isobel Kuhn involved with Tibet?

Hypothesis: Famous earlier missionaries include James O. Fraser, Alfred James Broomhall and Isobel Kuhn of the China Inland Mission, among others who were active in this area.


Premise: What is an example of a voluntary intent of a message related to nonverbal communication?

Hypothesis: Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of a message.


Premise: Aside from increased perspiration, what is a physiological change related to emotions?

Hypothesis: A common way in which emotions are conceptualized in sociology is in terms of the multidimensional characteristics including cultural or emotional labels (e.g., anger, pride, fear, happiness), physiological changes (e.g., increased perspiration, changes in pulse rate), expressive facial and body movements (e.g., smiling, frowning, baring teeth), and appraisals of situational cues.


Premise: How many Catholic dogmas are there regarding Mary?

Hypothesis: Catholic teachings make clear that Mary is not considered divine and prayers to her are not answered by her, they are answered by God.


Premise: When did Burke begin attending Trinity College Dublin?

Hypothesis: In 1744, Burke started at Trinity College Dublin, a Protestant establishment, which up until 1793, did not permit Catholics to take degrees.


Premise: When was a second democratic election held?

Hypothesis: When a second round of elections were finally held in 1993, again with the help of the international community coordinated by GIBAFOR, Ange-Félix Patassé won in the second round of voting with 53% of the vote while Goumba won 45.6%.


Premise: What mountains surround the Sichuan basin to the North?

Hypothesis: Since the Yangtze flows through the basin and then through the perilous Yangzi Gorges to eastern and southern China, Sichuan was a staging area for amphibious military forces and a refuge for political refugees.[citation needed]


Premise: What are some countries that have a separate supreme court to decide constitutional matters?

Hypothesis: A number of jurisdictions also maintain a separate constitutional court (first developed in the Czechoslovak Constitution of 1920), such as Austria, France, Germany, Luxemburg, Portugal, Spain and South Africa.


Premise: Who is the head of state appointed by the President of India?

Hypothesis: The leader of the party or coalition with a majority in the Legislative Assembly is appointed as the Chief Minister by the Governor, and the Council of Ministers are appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister.


Premise: Where was magic conducted in Rome?

Hypothesis: Chthonic deities functioned at the margins of Rome's divine and human communities; although sometimes the recipients of public rites, these were conducted outside the sacred boundary of the pomerium.


Premise: Where was pepsi first produced?

Hypothesis: Pepsi-Cola was first produced in 1898 in New Bern.


Premise: Which agencies control this task force?

Hypothesis: This task force aims to actively address antimicrobial resistance, and is coordinated by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), as well as other US agencies.


Premise: How much did Valencia's foreign population rise from 2007 to 2008?

Hypothesis: The third largest city in Spain and the 24th most populous municipality in the European Union, Valencia has a population of 809,267 within its administrative limits on a land area of 134.6 km2 (52 sq mi).


Premise: In what year did Pope Benedict XV revise the Code of Canon Law?

Hypothesis: With the revision of the Code of Canon Law promulgated in 1917 by Pope Benedict XV, only those who are already priests or bishops may be appointed cardinals.


Premise: What percentage of the Earth's heat is derived from the Sun's infrared light?

Hypothesis: Objects at room temperature will emit radiation concentrated mostly in the 8 to 25 µm band, but this is not distinct from the emission of visible light by incandescent objects and ultraviolet by even hotter objects (see black body and Wien's displacement law).


Premise: What was the name of a modern Chinese Army?

Hypothesis: When the Tongzhi Emperor came to the throne at the age of five in 1861, these officials rallied around him in what was called the Tongzhi Restoration.


Premise: Which constitution gave legislative power to protect intellectual property?

Hypothesis: When the administrative secretariats established by the Paris Convention (1883) and the Berne Convention (1886) merged in 1893, they located in Berne, and also adopted the term intellectual property in their new combined title, the United International Bureaux for the Protection of Intellectual Property.


Premise: In a literal sense what was the Ottoman empire referred to as?

Hypothesis: In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred to as Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿOsmâniyye (دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه), (literally "The Supreme State of the Ottomans") or alternatively Osmanlı Devleti (عثمانلى دولتى).[dn 5]


Premise: By what name was Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi typically known?

Hypothesis: معمر محمد أبو منيار القذافي Arabic pronunciation: [muʕamar al.qaðaːfiː]; /ˈmoʊ.əmɑːr ɡəˈdɑːfi/;  audio (help·info); c. 1942 – 20 October 2011), commonly known as Colonel Gaddafi,[b] was a Libyan revolutionary, politician, and political theorist.


Premise: What's the name for the type of accent that Dutch used to mark the difference between the word for "a" or "an" and the word for "one"?

Hypothesis: Generally, other diacritical marks only occur in loanwords, though the acute accent can also be used for emphasis or to differentiate between two forms.


Premise: Where is sucrose produced in a plant?

Hypothesis: Sucrose produced by photosynthesis is transported from the leaves to other parts of the plant in the phloem and plant hormones are transported by a variety of processes.


Premise: At this time what classes became bilingual?

Hypothesis: Starting in the 16th century, Catalan literature experienced a decline, the language came under the influence of Spanish, and the urban and literary classes became bilingual.


Premise: Who was the first group of indigenous people Columbus encountered?

Hypothesis: The first indigenous group encountered by Columbus were the 250,000 Taínos of Hispaniola who represented the dominant culture in the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas.


Premise: Where was the satellite dish installed?

Hypothesis: Since all international telephone and internet communications are relying on this single satellite link both internet and telephone service are subject to sun outages.


Premise: What is one way a match can end?

Hypothesis: A variant of the draw is the time-limit draw, where the match does not have a winner by a specified time period (a one-hour draw, which was once common, is known in wrestling circles as a "Broadway").


Premise: Was CBC one of the first or last stations to adopt a 24 hour schedule?

Hypothesis: Instead of the infomercials aired by most private stations, or a simulcast of CBC News Network in the style of BBC One's nightly simulcast of BBC News Channel, the CBC uses the time to air repeats, including local news, primetime series, movies and other programming from the CBC library.


Premise: Who influenced George of Cappadocia to become the new ruler?

Hypothesis: Through the influence of the Eusebian faction at Constantinople, an Arian bishop, George of Cappadocia, was now appointed to rule the see of Alexandria.


Premise: Whose official independence was declared in 1908?

Hypothesis: The Slavic peoples who were, for the most part, denied a voice in the affairs of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, were calling for national self-determination.


Premise: How much of the population of Honduras is of full-blooded indigenous descent?

Hypothesis: About five percent of the population are of full-blooded indigenous descent, but upwards to eighty percent more or the majority of Hondurans are mestizo or part-indigenous with European admixture, and about ten percent are of indigenous or African descent.


Premise: What demonstrated equipment controlled by computers not connected to the internet can also be vulnerable?

Hypothesis: Computers control functions at many utilities, including coordination of telecommunications, the power grid, nuclear power plants, and valve opening and closing in water and gas networks.


Premise: What is the profession of Reginald DesRoches?

Hypothesis: DesRoches said: "If the buildings were older and built prior to that 1976 earthquake, chances are they weren't built for adequate earthquake forces."


Premise: What can a portable device recognize?

Hypothesis: A portable device can recognize the type of USB port; on a dedicated charging port, the D+ and D− pins are shorted with a resistance not exceeding 200 ohms, while charging downstream ports provide additional detection logic so their presence can be determined by attached devices.


Premise: On which island in Tuvalu is the hospital?

Hypothesis: The Department of Health also employs nine or ten nurses on the outer islands to provide general nursing and midwifery services.


Premise: Why dd the Peasants of Ukraine join the Cossacks?

Hypothesis: In 1648, the peasants of Ukraine joined the Zaporozhian Cossacks in rebellion against Poland-Lithuania during the Khmelnytsky Uprising, because of the social and religious oppression they suffered under Polish rule.


Premise: In what year did Masakado begin his rebellion?

Hypothesis: Still, a true military takeover of the Japanese government was centuries away, when much of the strength of the government would lie within the private armies of the shogunate.


Premise: What group boycotted the 1950 elections?

Hypothesis: By then, the organization had expanded to around ninety members; according to Khaled Mohieddin, "nobody knew all of them and where they belonged in the hierarchy except Nasser".


Premise: What location provided the northern terminus for the Hartford Line?

Hypothesis: The vision for this corridor is to restore the alignment to its original route via the Knowledge Corridor in western Massachusetts, improving trip time and increasing the population base that can be served.


Premise: Which month is designated for fasting in the Quran?

Hypothesis: Some formal religious practices receive significant attention in the Quran including the formal prayers (salat) and fasting in the month of Ramadan.


Premise: Where can regulatory regions be found?

Hypothesis: Regulatory regions of a gene such as enhancers do not necessarily have to be close to the coding sequence on the linear molecule because the intervening DNA can be looped out to bring the gene and its regulatory region into proximity.


Premise: What early social movement occurred during this time of awakening?

Hypothesis: One of the earliest social movements that emerged during this time was the Young Bengal movement, which espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct among upper caste educated Hindus.


Premise: When did Henry II appropriate the estates of the late Earl of Cornwall?

Hypothesis: In 1175 he appropriated the estates of the late Earl of Cornwall and gave them to John.


Premise: What does CBR stand for?

Hypothesis: Users who know a particular "quality setting" that is transparent to their ears can use this value when encoding all of their music, and generally speaking not need to worry about performing personal listening tests on each piece of music to determine the correct bit rate.


Premise: What types of trophies would hunters keep as trophies to be displayed as a sign of their prowess?

Hypothesis: In the 19th century, southern and central European sport hunters often pursued game only for a trophy, usually the head or pelt of an animal, which was then displayed as a sign of prowess.


Premise: What was the maximum effective range of the Chassepot rifle?

Hypothesis: French infantry were equipped with the breech-loading Chassepot rifle, one of the most modern mass-produced firearms in the world at the time.


Premise: Did Austria get Silesia back?

Hypothesis: Austria was not able to retake Silesia or make any significant territorial gain.


Premise: What year did the Cubs hire GM Dallas Green?

Hypothesis: After over a dozen more subpar seasons, in 1981 the Cubs hired GM Dallas Green from Philadelphia to turn around the franchise.


Premise: If Bob realized he needed to mail his mother a letter after seeing the postal office, which kind of memory did he trigger?

Hypothesis: Event-based prospective memories are intentions triggered by cues, such as remembering to post a letter (action) after seeing a mailbox (cue).


Premise: Who did Madonna turn to for comfort during her mother's illness?

Hypothesis: Terrified that her father Tony could be taken from her as well, Madonna was often unable to sleep unless she was near him.


Premise: From what people did it appear the Etruscans had model their form of warfare on?

Hypothesis: During this period, Roman soldiers seem to have been modelled after those of the Etruscans to the north, who themselves seem to have copied their style of warfare from the Greeks.


Premise: What athlete won Tuvalu's first gold metal in competition?

Hypothesis: At the 2013 Pacific Mini Games, Tuau Lapua Lapua won Tuvalu's first gold medal in an international competition in the weightlifting 62 kilogram male snatch.


Premise: Whose signatures appear at the very end of a treaty?

Hypothesis: The signatures of the parties' representatives follow at the very end.


Premise: Aphrodite was paired with which local god?

Hypothesis: Greek emigres brought their Greek religion everywhere they went, even as far as India and Afghanistan. Non-Greeks also had more freedom to travel and trade throughout the Mediterranean and in this period we can see Egyptian gods such as Serapis, and the Syrian gods Atargatis and Hadad, as well as a Jewish synagogue, all coexisting on the island of Delos alongside classical Greek deities.


Premise: What was the USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.1 called?

Hypothesis: The USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.1 (released in 2007) defines a new type of USB port, called the charging port.


Premise: What parts of Frédéric's personal life influenced his legacy as a leading symbol of the era?

Hypothesis: In his native Poland, in France, where he composed most of his works, and beyond, Chopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest superstars, his association (if only indirect) with political insurrection, his love life and his early death have made him, in the public consciousness, a leading symbol of the Romantic era.


Premise: How did the South 40 get its name?

Hypothesis: It is the location of all the freshman buildings as well as several upperclassman buildings, which are set up in the traditional residential college system.


Premise: What practice differentiates the Angican Communon from Protestant churches at large?

Hypothesis: The multiple churches that form the Anglican Communion and the Continuing Anglican movement have different views on Marian doctrines and venerative practices given that there is no single church with universal authority within the Communion and that the mother church (the Church of England) understands itself to be both "catholic" and "Reformed".


Premise: As of December 2012, Somalia did not have systematic what?

Hypothesis: According to the Centre for Law and Democracy (CLD) and the African Union/United Nations Information Support Team (IST), Somalia did not have systemic internet blocking or filtering as of December 2012.


Premise: Which original judge was a music executive?

Hypothesis: American Idol employs a panel of judges who critique the contestants' performances.


Premise: Besides the geometrical constraints of Neptune's dynamo generator, what is another result of the quadrupole moment?

Hypothesis: Neptune's magnetic field has a complex geometry that includes relatively large contributions from non-dipolar components, including a strong quadrupole moment that may exceed the dipole moment in strength.


Premise: About how many centimeters of snow does Richmond experience in the fall?

Hypothesis: There is considerable variability in total monthly amounts from year to year so that no one month can be depended upon to be normal.


Premise: Who noted in a 1992 article that anthropologists had generally abandoned the concept of race as valid?

Hypothesis: In a 1992 article, anthropologist Norman Sauer noted that anthropologists had generally abandoned the concept of race as a valid representation of human biological diversity, except for forensic anthropologists.


Premise: Perfect Harmony has been called a combination of which two musicals?

Hypothesis: The a cappella musical Perfect Harmony, a comedy about two high school a cappella groups vying to win the National championship, made its Off Broadway debut at Theatre Row’s Acorn Theatre on 42nd Street in New York City in October, 2010 after a successful out-of-town run at the Stoneham Theatre, in Stoneham, Massachusetts.


Premise: What does NADGE stand for?

Hypothesis: In Europe NATO's Allied Command Europe developed an integrated air defence system, NATO Air Defence Ground Environment (NADGE), that later became the NATO Integrated Air Defence System.


Premise: How long was the stadium closed?

Hypothesis: As a reprisal, the ground was closed for six months and Gamper was forced to relinquish the presidency of the club.


Premise: Who built the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine?

Hypothesis: It was built at the Victoria University of Manchester by Frederic C. Williams, Tom Kilburn and Geoff Tootill, and ran its first program on 21 June 1948.


Premise: The Triple Entente served as a counter to what agreement?

Hypothesis: The alignment of the three powers, supplemented by various agreements with Japan, the United States, and Spain, constituted a powerful counterweight to the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy, the third having concluded an additional secret agreement with France effectively nullifying her Alliance commitments.


Premise: What is literary historical writing sometimes called?

Hypothesis: As a result, the writing in these fields often lacks a literary quality, although it often(and in its better moments)has that quality.


Premise: Who did Bob Ewell attack during the story?

Hypothesis: Finally, he attacks the defenseless Jem and Scout while they walk home on a dark night after the school Halloween pageant.


Premise: In what year did the British take Swaziland on as a protectorate?

Hypothesis: Much of its early administration (for example, postal services) being carried out from South Africa until 1906 when the Transvaal colony was granted self-government.


Premise: What were some impoverished szlachta forced to do?

Hypothesis: As some szlachta were poorer than some non-noble gentry, some particularly impoverished szlachta were forced to become tenants of the wealthier gentry.


Premise: How many sorties a night were crews asked to fly?

Hypothesis: The diversion of heavier bombers to the Balkans meant that the crews and units left behind were asked to fly two or three sorties per night.


Premise: The India Gate commemorates the lost soldiers of what army?

Hypothesis: The India Gate built in 1931 was inspired by the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.


Premise: What kind of power did the Chola dynasty become in south India?

Hypothesis: I gave political unity to the whole of Southern India and established the Chola Empire as a respected sea power.


Premise: How long does the gastric phase take?

Hypothesis: The gastric phase takes 3 to 4 hours.


Premise: Where was the moleben held?

Hypothesis: The program and statutes of the movement were proposed by the Writers Association of Ukraine and were published in the journal Literaturna Ukraina on February 16, 1989.


Premise: What French official was kept in the dark about le Secret du roi?

Hypothesis: Unbeknownst to his foreign minister, Louis had established a network of agents throughout Europe with the goal of pursuing personal political objectives that were often at odds with France’s publicly stated policies.


Premise: What PlayStation 3 model did T3 feel the Super Slim's design was paying homage to?

Hypothesis: Immediately we would be concerned about the durability of the top loading tray that feels like it could be yanked straight out off the console, but ultimately it all feels like Sony's nostalgic way of signing off the current generation console in anticipation for the PS4."


Premise: When was the winner announced?

Hypothesis: On May 30, 2006, Taylor Hicks was named American Idol, with Katharine McPhee the runner-up. "


Premise: When did Martin Luther attach his 95 theses on the door of the church?

Hypothesis: On 31 October 1517, Martin Luther supposedly nailed his 95 theses against the selling of indulgences at the door of the All Saints', the Castle Church in Wittenberg.


Premise: What is Melungeon?

Hypothesis: Many of majority European ancestry and appearance "married white" and assimilated into white society for its social and economic advantages, such as generations of families identified as Melungeons, now generally classified as white but demonstrated genetically to be of European and sub-Saharan African ancestry.


Premise: How long did it take the Emirate to become the Caliphate of Codoba?

Hypothesis: After defeating the Visigoths in only a few months, the Umayyad Caliphate started expanding rapidly in the peninsula.


Premise: What is official language of Egypt?

Hypothesis: The official language of the Republic is Modern Standard Arabic.


Premise: In what city did the first exhibition of Cubists take place?

Hypothesis: Georges Braque's 1908 Houses at L’Estaque (and related works) prompted the critic Louis Vauxcelles to refer to bizarreries cubiques (cubic oddities).


Premise: What is the name of the Austrian comrade Tito met in Moscow in 1936?

Hypothesis: In 1936, when Tito stayed at the Hotel Lux in Moscow, he met the Austrian comrade Lucia Bauer.


Premise: How much of Apple's revenue resulted from purchases of laptop computers in Q1 2008?

Hypothesis: 42% of Apple's revenue for the First fiscal quarter of 2008 came from iPod sales, followed by 21% from notebook sales and 16% from desktop sales.


Premise: Who took full control of the island after Napoleon's death?

Hypothesis: After Napoleon's death, the thousands of temporary visitors were soon withdrawn and the East India Company resumed full control of Saint Helena.


Premise: Burma was formerly annexed by what country?

Hypothesis: The Axis states which assisted Japan included the authoritarian government of Thailand in World War II, which quickly formed a temporary alliance with the Japanese in 1941, as the Japanese forces were already invading the peninsula of southern Thailand.


Premise: How often is The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review published?

Hypothesis: The journal's mission is to publish interdisciplinary legal research, drawing from fields such as history, literature, economics, philosophy, and art.


Premise: How was Berlin spared?

Hypothesis: The city was spared for a negotiated ransom of 200,000 thalers.


Premise: How large is the Metropole?

Hypothesis: It is an administrative structure for cooperation between the City of Paris and its nearest suburbs.


Premise: The volume "Credit Correlation: Life After Copulas" summarizes a 2006 conference held by what firm in London?

Hypothesis: The volume "Credit Correlation: Life After Copulas", published in 2007 by World Scientific, summarizes a 2006 conference held by Merrill Lynch in London where several practitioners attempted to propose models rectifying some of the copula limitations.


Premise: How much was ComCast Cellular sold for in 1999?

Hypothesis: Comcast University started in 1999 as well as Comcast Interactive Capital Group to make technology and Internet related investments taking its first investment in VeriSign.


Premise: Who defeated the Central Powers led by the German Empire Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire??

Hypothesis: The Allied Powers, led by the British Empire, France, Russia until March 1918, Japan and the United States after 1917, defeated the Central Powers, led by the German Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire.


Premise: What proportion of Estonian Russians see themselves as different from their Russian counterparts?

Hypothesis: Estonian Russians have developed their own identity – more than half of the respondents recognised that Estonian Russians differ noticeably from the Russians in Russia.


Premise: What is an example of a Dutch word that has double vowels or consonants five times in a row?

Hypothesis: It has a relatively high proportion of doubled letters, both vowels and consonants, due to the formation of compound words and also to the spelling devices for distinguishing the many vowel sounds in the Dutch language.


Premise: When did the first whole genome duplication event occur?

Hypothesis: These occurred at 319 million years ago and 192 million years ago.


Premise: How is a supply ship unloaded when it reaches Norfolk Island?

Hypothesis: When a supply ship arrives, it is emptied by whaleboats towed by launches, five tonnes at a time.


Premise: What is Link's main form of offense in wolf form?

Hypothesis: As a wolf, Link loses the ability to use his sword, shield, or any secondary items; he instead attacks by biting, and defends primarily by dodging attacks.


Premise: What is being debated in Utrecht

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, some tall buildings are now being constructed that will become part of the skyline of Utrecht.


Premise: What does HEMT stand for?

Hypothesis: It is for this reason that GaAs is used in high-frequency applications.


Premise: Who is the city Manager?

Hypothesis: City Manager Jim Couch was appointed in late 2000.


Premise: What's another name for Old Frisian?

Hypothesis: Hardly influenced by either development, Old Dutch remained close to the original language of the Franks, the people that would rule Europe for centuries.


Premise: What is the name of the largest Marksmen's Fun Fair in the world?

Hypothesis: The Schützenfest Hannover is the largest Marksmen's Fun Fair in the world and takes place once a year (late June to early July)


Premise: What is celebrated in the Catholic calendar the 8 of December?

Hypothesis: The Council was concluded on 8 December 1965, the Feast of the Immaculate Conception.


Premise: What was the name of the building that was feature in America's Favorite Architecture list of 2007?

Hypothesis: Yale's 1950s-era Ingalls Rink, designed by Eero Saarinen, was included on the America's Favorite Architecture list created in 2007.


Premise: What type of food is Armenian food most similair to?

Hypothesis: Closely related to eastern and Mediterranean cuisine, various spices, vegetables, fish, and fruits combine to present unique dishes.


Premise: What instrument was the mandolin confused with during the 1880's?

Hypothesis: The instrument's popularity continued to increase during the 1890s and mandolin popularity was at its height in "early years of the 20th century.


Premise: What was the growing change in opinion about evolution called?

Hypothesis: Within two decades there was widespread scientific agreement that evolution, with a branching pattern of common descent, had occurred, but scientists were slow to give natural selection the significance that Darwin thought appropriate.


Premise: What is the definition of Karma from Sanskrit?

Hypothesis: Karma specifically refers to those actions of body, speech or mind that spring from mental intent (cetanā), and bring about a consequence or phala "fruit" or vipāka "result".


Premise: Whose job is it to release parliament after the ceremony?

Hypothesis: On the day of the event, the Speaker of the Senate will read to the chamber a notice from the secretary to the governor general indicating when the viceroy or a deputy thereof will arrive.


Premise: In what year did Time magazine choose Seattle Central Community College as community college of the year?

Hypothesis: In 2001, Time magazine selected Seattle Central Community College as community college of the year, stating the school "pushes diverse students to work together in small teams".


Premise: When did the Hounslow Heath Aerodrome begin to operate scheduled international commercial services?

Hypothesis: The first airport to operate scheduled international commercial services was Hounslow Heath Aerodrome in August 1919, but it was closed and supplanted by Croydon Airport in March 1920.


Premise: Why cant artifacts from the Phoenicians be easily excavated?

Hypothesis: However, the remains of the Phoenician presence in the city are few and mostly preserved in the very populated center of the downtown area, making any excavation efforts costly and logistically difficult.


Premise: What had the Kushans conquered much of by the time of Kanishka

Hypothesis: The Kushan Empire expanded out of what is now Afghanistan into the northwest of the subcontinent under the leadership of their first emperor, Kujula Kadphises, about the middle of the 1st century CE.


Premise: How long was the GameCube version of Twilight Princess delayed?

Hypothesis: Later, the GameCube release was pushed back to a month after the launch of the Wii.


Premise: What did Steve Jobs introduce on January 24, 1984?

Hypothesis: Since 1998, Apple has largely phased out the Macintosh name in favor of "Mac", though the product family has been nicknamed "Mac" or "the Mac" since the development of the first model.


Premise: What is the title of Notre Dame's Theodore Hesburgh?

Hypothesis: The institute was inspired by the vision of the Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh CSC, President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame.


Premise: Feral dogs have what Latin classification?

Hypothesis: Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals.


Premise: To promote what characteristic is diesel oil added to asphalt for shipping?

Hypothesis: Diesel oil is no longer used as a release agent due to environmental concerns.


Premise: Who did William IV feel was a suitable husband for Victoria?

Hypothesis: William IV, however, disapproved of any match with the Coburgs, and instead favoured the suit of Prince Alexander of the Netherlands, second son of the Prince of Orange.


Premise: What was the cause of Lady Flora's death in July?

Hypothesis: At the start of her reign Victoria was popular, but her reputation suffered in an 1839 court intrigue when one of her mother's ladies-in-waiting, Lady Flora Hastings, developed an abdominal growth that was widely rumoured to be an out-of-wedlock pregnancy by Sir John Conroy.


Premise: What kind of computers were Donkey Kong Country's graphics rendered on?

Hypothesis: With its detailed graphics, fluid animation and high-quality music, Donkey Kong Country rivaled the aesthetic quality of games that were being released on newer 32-bit CD-based consoles.


Premise: How many species have ever lived on earth?

Hypothesis: Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.


Premise: How was Whitehead's theory of gravitation received?

Hypothesis: It has been severely criticized.


Premise: How did Libya's gross domestic product increase from 1969 to 1979?

Hypothesis: It proved an economic success; while gross domestic product had been $3.8 billion in 1969, it had risen to $13.7 billion in 1974, and $24.5 billion in 1979.


Premise: How much did the new released program by the hacker cost?

Hypothesis: As sound scholar Jonathan Sterne notes, "An Australian hacker acquired l3enc using a stolen credit card.


Premise: How long did the Sea Wolves stay in Hartford?

Hypothesis: While some teams have enjoyed considerable on-field and even financial success, many teams in the history of the league have enjoyed little success either on or off of the field of play.


Premise: What ethnic names does Serbo-Croatian associate with?

Hypothesis: In the 20th century, Serbo-Croatian served as the official language of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (when it was called "Serbo-Croato-Slovenian"), and later as one of the official languages of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.


Premise: In which U.S. state was the oldest definitive evidence of TB found?

Hypothesis: The earliest unambiguous detection of M. tuberculosis involves evidence of the disease in the remains of bison in Wyoming dated to around 17,000 years ago.


Premise: What is the CAP?

Hypothesis: An allocation from the Central Arizona Project Aqueduct (CAP), which passes more than 300 mi (480 km) across the desert from the Colorado River, has been incorporated into the city's water supply, annually providing over 20 million gallons of "recharged" water which is pumped into the ground to replenish water pumped out.


Premise: The King and Queen were filmed doing what after a bombing?

Hypothesis: The King and Queen were filmed inspecting their bombed home, the smiling Queen, as always, immaculately dressed in a hat and matching coat seemingly unbothered by the damage around her.


Premise: According to Mendelian inheritance, what is part of the cause of variations in an organism's phenotype?

Hypothesis: Each gene specifies a particular trait with different sequence of a gene (alleles) giving rise to different phenotypes.


Premise: In what century did the papermaking process spread from China to Europe?

Hypothesis: Because of paper's introduction to the West through the city of Baghdad, it was first called bagdatikos.


Premise: In which period did Gellius gain fame?

Hypothesis: Modern scholars, however, point out that Cicero (106 – 43 BCE), who was most responsible for defining and popularizing the term humanitas, in fact frequently used the word in both senses, as did his near contemporaries.


Premise: What percent of asthma cases in adults are work-related?

Hypothesis: Many cases however are not reported or recognized as such.


Premise: What term is used to describe what knots can do to affect the finish of things made from wood even when they've been painted?

Hypothesis: In applications where wood is painted, such as skirting boards, fascia boards, door frames and furniture, resins present in the timber may continue to 'bleed' through to the surface of a knot for months or even years after manufacture and show as a yellow or brownish stain.


Premise: What is the highest resolution of video supported by youtube?

Hypothesis: In July 2010, YouTube announced that it had launched a range of videos in 4K format, which allows a resolution of up to 4096×3072 pixels.


Premise: What event decimated urban populations in the 14th century?

Hypothesis: Cities were also decimated by the Black Death, but the role of urban areas as centres of learning, commerce and government ensured continued growth.


Premise: What sort of credentials did Franklin S. Harris have?

Hypothesis: He was eventually replaced by Howard S. McDonald, who received his doctorate from the University of California.


Premise: Who did the Manchu appeal to?

Hypothesis: The second major source of stability was the Central Asian aspect of their Manchu identity which allowed them to appeal to Mongol, Tibetan and Uighur constituents.


Premise: Were Aborigines allowed to vote?

Hypothesis: Various state-based Aboriginal Protection Boards were established which had virtually complete control over the lives of Indigenous Australians – where they lived, their employment, marriage, education and included the power to separate children from their parents.


Premise: What are they only two additions to Paris' administrative limits since 1860?

Hypothesis: Aside from the 20th century addition of the Bois de Boulogne, Bois de Vincennes and Paris heliport, Paris' administrative limits have remained unchanged since 1860.


Premise: What artist performed the song "Forget You"?

Hypothesis: Adult contemporary has long characterized itself as family-friendly, but edited versions of "Perfect" by P!nk and "Forget You" by Cee Lo Green showed up in the format in 2011.


Premise: What theater sits on Yale's campus?

Hypothesis: There is also theatre activity from the Yale School of Drama, which works through the Yale University Theatre and the student-run Yale Cabaret.


Premise: What is the weather phenomena characterized by an unexpected warm wind bringing low reletive humidity to the northern Alps during rainfall in the southern Alps?

Hypothesis: A weather phenomenon known as the föhn (with an identical effect to the chinook wind) can occur at all times of the year and is characterised by an unexpectedly warm wind, bringing air of very low relative humidity to the north of the Alps during rainfall periods on the southern face of the Alps.


Premise: Has New Mexico had a majority of Spanish speaking natives.

Hypothesis: The area of the former Gadsden Purchase contained a majority of Spanish-speakers until the 1940s, although the Tucson area had a higher ratio of anglophones (including Mexican Americans who were fluent in English); the continuous arrival of Mexican settlers increases the number of Spanish-speakers.


Premise: Who established 1 of the first Us settlements in Florida

Hypothesis: Both the Spanish and French established settlements in Florida, with varying degrees of success.


Premise: Who was thought to have founded Cork?

Hypothesis: It has been proposed that, like Dublin, Cork was an important trading centre in the global Scandinavian trade network.


Premise: What line used the overhead wire system first Victoria to Crystal Palace or Peckham Rye to West Noorwood?

Hypothesis: Victoria to Crystal Palace via Balham and West Norwood opened in May 1911.


Premise: Who was thought to be influenced by continental Anabaptists?

Hypothesis: Gourley wrote that among some contemporary Baptist scholars who emphasize the faith of the community over soul liberty, the Anabaptist influence theory is making a comeback.


Premise: Which newspaper claimed that The Sun stopped featuring topless models in 2013?

Hypothesis: In August 2013, The Irish Sun ended the practice of featuring topless models on Page 3.


Premise: What was Minamoto's position?

Hypothesis: After the Genpei war of the late 12th century, a clan leader Minamoto no Yoritomo obtained the right to appoint shugo and jito, and was allowed to organize soldiers and police, and to collect a certain amount of tax.


Premise: What was the inaugural year of the AFL?

Hypothesis: It was founded in 1987 by Jim Foster, making it the third longest-running professional football league in North America, after the Canadian Football League and the National Football League.


Premise: What group is conducting exploration for Rajasthan's crude oil??

Hypothesis: Cairn India is doing the work of exploration and extraction of crude oil in Rajasthan.


Premise: How larger is Egypt?

Hypothesis: Most of Egypt's territory of 1,010,408 square kilometres (390,000 sq mi) lies within the Nile Valley.


Premise: What army's defeats turned Gambetta to the Army of the North?

Hypothesis: At the Battle of St. Quentin, the Army of the North suffered a crushing defeat and was scattered, releasing thousands of Prussian soldiers to be relocated to the East.


Premise: How many human languages are there?

Hypothesis: Languages tend to share certain properties, although there are exceptions.


Premise: What was Eisenhower's title in the Operations Division?

Hypothesis: After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Eisenhower was assigned to the General Staff in Washington, where he served until June 1942 with responsibility for creating the major war plans to defeat Japan and Germany.


Premise: Which building's reconstruction cost $82 million?

Hypothesis: Midtown is one of the most successful areas within Detroit to have a residential occupancy rate of 96%.


Premise: What does CSTO stand for?

Hypothesis: It participates in NATO's Partnership for Peace (PiP) program and is in a NATO organisation called Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC).


Premise: What was Canada's first police force?

Hypothesis: In Canada, the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary was founded in 1729, making it the first police force in present-day Canada.


Premise: Which contestant had previously been arrested and charged with assault?

Hypothesis: Corey Clark was disqualified during the finals for having an undisclosed police record; however, he later alleged that he and Paula Abdul had an affair while on the show and that this contributed to his expulsion.


Premise: What is believed to be the oldest known insect fossil?

Hypothesis: The oldest definitive insect fossil is the Devonian Rhyniognatha hirsti, from the 396-million-year-old Rhynie chert.


Premise: What Xbox apps were bundled together?

Hypothesis: Games can integrate into an Xbox Live hub app, which also allows users to view their profile and gamerscore.


Premise: Dogs are a source of what in some cultures?

Hypothesis: This impact on human society has given them the nickname "man's best friend" in the Western world.


Premise: Who opposed the influx of vai forming an alliance with maine?

Hypothesis: Shortly after the Mane conquered the region, the Vai people of the former Mali Empire immigrated into the Grand Cape Mount region.


Premise: What game accessory was similar to the NES Advantage?

Hypothesis: Many of these devices were modeled after earlier add-ons for the NES: the Super Scope is a light gun functionally similar to the NES Zapper (though the Super Scope features wireless capabilities) and the Super Advantage is an arcade-style joystick with adjustable turbo settings akin to the NES Advantage.


Premise: What Buddhist movement has linked more than 12 million people?

Hypothesis: Soka Gakkai International (SGI) is a lay Buddhist movement linking more than 12 million people around the world, and is currently described as "the most diverse" and "the largest lay Buddhist movement in the world".[web 21]


Premise: Where is the commander based out of?

Hypothesis: The commander of 2 Canadian Air Division is responsible for training and support functions.


Premise: Where in the bulb is evaporated tungsten deposited when a vacuum is used?

Hypothesis: For bulbs that contain a vacuum, the darkening is uniform across the entire surface of the envelope.


Premise: How much of JPMorgan's investment will go to blight removal?

Hypothesis: On May 21, 2014, JPMorgan Chase announced that it was injecting $100 million over five years into Detroit's economy, providing development funding for a variety of projects that would increase employment.


Premise: John marched against who in January 1216?

Hypothesis: In January 1216 John marched against Alexander II of Scotland, who had allied himself with the rebel cause.


Premise: How many people had their sentences commuted by State v. Santiago?

Hypothesis: In New Jersey and Illinois, all death row inmates had their sentences commuted to life in prison without parole when the death penalty repeal bills were signed into law.


Premise: What typeface does the current iPod use?

Hypothesis: Apple did not develop the iPod software entirely in-house, instead using PortalPlayer's reference platform based on two ARM cores.


Premise: Besides headlines, what is sentence-style capitalization often applied to?

Hypothesis: It may also be applied to publication titles, especially in bibliographic references and library catalogues.


Hypothesis: Following the Army of the Loire's defeats, Gambetta turned to General Faidherbe's Army of the North.


Premise: What percent of the Bronx is Hispanic and Latino Americans?

Hypothesis: Asian Americans are a small but sizable minority in the borough.


Premise: Many USB host interfaces do not what?

Hypothesis: USB devices are also required to automatically enter ultra low-power suspend mode when the USB host is suspended.


Premise: do domestic and wild geese have the same apperearance ?

Hypothesis: The Chinese goose is more aggressive and noisy than other geese and can be used as a guard animal to warn of intruders.


Premise: What spurred the FBIs technological upgrade?

Hypothesis: With these developments, the FBI increased its electronic surveillance in public safety and national security investigations, adapting to the telecommunications advancements that changed the nature of such problems.


Premise: How many years ago did Protestantism arrive in the province?

Hypothesis: Zhejiang is one of the provinces of China with the largest concentrations of Protestants, especially notable in the city of Wenzhou.


Premise: Who rebuilt Westminster Abbey?

Hypothesis: Westminster Abbey, rebuilt in the Romanesque style by King Edward the Confessor, was one of the grandest churches in Europe.


Premise: What was Henry Brown's nickname?

Hypothesis: After the American Revolutionary War, Richmond emerged as an important industrial center.


Premise: Which team did the FC Ararat lose to in the European Cup?

Hypothesis: The most successful team was the FC Ararat Yerevan team of the 1970s who won the Soviet Cup in 1973 and 1975 and the Soviet Top League in 1973.


Premise: What condition did Droney have?

Hypothesis: The inquiry ended with no charges being brought after investigators and prosecutors determined that Brooke's misstatements were pertinent to the case, but were not material enough to have affected the outcome.


Premise: Which author voiced his displeasure of the morality of Darwin's views in a novel?

Hypothesis: French-speaking naturalists in several countries showed appreciation of the much modified French translation by Clémence Royer, but Darwin's ideas had little impact in France, where any scientists supporting evolutionary ideas opted for a form of Lamarckism.


Premise: In what style was the temple to Minerva built?

Hypothesis: The city had commercial and political treaties with its neighbours; according to tradition, Rome's Etruscan connections established a temple to Minerva on the predominantly plebeian Aventine; she became part of a new Capitoline triad of Jupiter, Juno and Minerva, installed in a Capitoline temple, built in an Etruscan style and dedicated in a new September festival, Epulum Jovis.


Premise: Changing values of n, the Boltzmann constant, or other variables resulted in learning what about Planck's law?

Hypothesis: To make Planck's law, which correctly predicts blackbody emissions, it was necessary to multiply the classical expression by a complex factor that involves h in both the numerator and the denominator.


Premise: In what Italian village was Giovanni Battista Montini born?

Hypothesis: On 30 September 1897, he was baptized in the name of Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini.


Premise: Who described an interaction between Jesus on the cross and women?

Hypothesis: For if they do these things when the wood is green, what will happen when it is dry?"[Lk.


Premise: What genre uses multiple independent vocal melodies?

Hypothesis: During the earlier medieval period, the vocal music from the liturgical genre, predominantly Gregorian chant, was monophonic, using a single, unaccompanied vocal melody line.


Premise: What animals are depicted on the Mogadishan canopies?

Hypothesis: However, there have been cases in the past of artistic depictions representing living creatures, such as certain ancient rock paintings in northern Somalia, the golden birds on the Mogadishan canopies, and the plant decorations on religious tombs in southern Somalia.


Premise: What agency has offered acceptance of safer pesticides?

Hypothesis: These methods are becoming increasingly popular and often are safer than traditional chemical pesticides.


Premise: When did the Montgomery Bus Boycott take place?

Hypothesis: Claudia Durst Johnson considers it "reasonable to believe" that the novel was shaped by two events involving racial issues in Alabama: Rosa Parks' refusal to yield her seat on a city bus to a white person, which sparked the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott, and the 1956 riots at the University of Alabama after Autherine Lucy and Polly Myers were admitted (Myers eventually withdrew her application and Lucy was expelled, but reinstated in 1980).


Premise: When did Chopin visit Berlin?

Hypothesis: On an 1829 return trip to Berlin, he was a guest of Prince Antoni Radziwiłł, governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen—himself an accomplished composer and aspiring cellist.


Premise: Carthage and Tunisia are in what general area?

Hypothesis: Most recorded names of Roman mosaic workers are Greek, suggesting they dominated high quality work across the empire; no doubt most ordinary craftsmen were slaves.


Premise: What are patients asked to use the McGill Pain Questionnaire to indicate?

Hypothesis: Quality can be established by having the patient complete the McGill Pain Questionnaire indicating which words best describe their pain.


Premise: Prior to the civil war in '97, how many non-Africans lived in the Republic of the Congo?

Hypothesis: Before the 1997 war, about 9,000 Europeans and other non-Africans lived in Congo, most of whom were French; only a fraction of this number remains.


Premise: How does the 2009 Human Development Report refer to countries that rank "very high"?

Hypothesis: The report refers to these countries as developed countries.


Premise: What all-in-one product was created in 1998 through Apple's consolidations?

Hypothesis: Since their transition to Intel processors in 2006, the complete lineup is entirely based on said processors and associated systems.


Premise: What place did Yeezus secure on the list of 100 albums?

Hypothesis: The Pitchfork online music publication ranked My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy as the world's best album of the decade "so far"—between 2010 and 2014—on August 19, 2014, while Yeezus was ranked in the eighth position of a list of 100 albums.


Premise: What are annelids' body cavities separated from each other by?

Hypothesis: Most annelids have a pair of coelomata (body cavities) in each segment, separated from other segments by septa and from each other by vertical mesenteries.


Premise: Who also established this retinue as well?

Hypothesis: Documented proof exists of Mieszko I's successors utilizing such a retinue, as well.


Premise: What battle did Germans defeat the Romans?

Hypothesis: Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans.


Premise: What was the name of the book Wittgenstein published in 1921?

Hypothesis: As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published in its original German edition in 1921.


Premise: Who manages each FBI branch?

Hypothesis: An executive assistant director manages each branch.


Premise: What are some of the languages that Victoria studied?

Hypothesis: Her mother was extremely protective, and Victoria was raised largely isolated from other children under the so-called "Kensington System", an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess and her ambitious and domineering comptroller, Sir John Conroy, who was rumoured to be the Duchess's lover.


Premise: Eye gaze, vocalization and body posture are examples of what?

Hypothesis: Dog communication is about how dogs "speak" to each other, how they understand messages that humans send to them, and how humans can translate the ideas that dogs are trying to transmit.:xii


Premise: What was the first satellite for the BeiDou-1 system called?

Hypothesis: The first satellite, BeiDou-1A, was launched on October 31, 2000.


Premise: What incorporated the Furness exclave?

Hypothesis: The new county of Cumbria incorporates the Furness exclave.


Premise: In what area did Catalan develop?

Hypothesis: During the Low Middle Ages it saw a golden age as the literary and dominant language of the Crown of Aragon, and was widely used all over the Mediterranean.


Premise: What context did the theory of Weiss and Cropanzano pay particular attention to?

Hypothesis: (1996), that looks at the causes, structures, and consequences of emotional experience (especially in work contexts).


Premise: When did Kurita pass through the San Bernardino Strait?

Hypothesis: The Japanese retreated through the San Bernardino Strait, under continuous air attack.


Premise: What congressman largely specified the job description of minority leader?

Hypothesis: A minority leader from 1931 to 1939, Representative Bertrand Snell, R-N.Y., provided this "job description": "He is spokesman for his party and enunciates its policies.


Premise: How many unique visitors a month were tracked as of 2014?

Hypothesis: In 2014 YouTube said that 300 hours of new videos were uploaded to the site every minute, three times more than one year earlier and that around three quarters of the material comes from outside the U.S.


Premise: What is the resonance of Neptune trojans?

Hypothesis: Neptune trojans can be viewed as being in a 1:1 resonance with Neptune.


Premise: Of the 3.5 miles from N. Mountain Avenue to Rillito River Park, how many are bike-only?

Hypothesis: To the North, N. Mountain Avenue has a full bike-only lane for half of the 3.5 miles (5.6 km) to the Rillito River Park bike and walk multi-use path.


Premise: Who was an example of an excessively loyal samurai?

Hypothesis: There were, however, also notable instances where samurai would be disloyal to their lord or daimyo, when loyalty to the Emperor was seen to have supremacy.


Premise: When were the new plans of the airport revealed?

Hypothesis: During his annual state-of-the-nation address on September 2, 2014, President of Mexico Enrique Peña Nieto unveiled plans for a new international airport to ease the city's notorious air traffic congestion, tentatively slated for a 2018 opening.


Premise: Did student who actively listen to classical music before studying have higher or lower scores?

Hypothesis: The study showed that students who actively listen to classical music before studying had higher academic scores.


Premise: What political organization supported the city council candidacy of A. Carl Prince?

Hypothesis: As the first African American Baptist Minister elected to the Richmond City Council, Prince's election paved the way for a political paradigm shift in politics that persist today.


Premise: What did LSO's use to signal corrections to the pilot prior to the angled deck designs introduced in the 1950's?

Hypothesis: From the late 1950s onward, visual landing aids such as Optical Landing System have provided information on proper glide slope, but LSOs still transmit voice calls to approaching pilots by radio.