Premise: The Fajr-3 missile uses what type of propulsion system?

Hypothesis: The Fajr-3 (MIRV) is currently Iran's most advanced ballistic missile, it is a liquid fuel missile with an undisclosed range which was developed and produced domestically.


Premise: What nationality of engineers did Japan hire to build naval arsenals?

Hypothesis: Naval students were sent to study in Western naval schools for several years, starting a tradition of foreign-educated future leaders, such as Admiral Enomoto.


Premise: What are humans thought to have played a significant role in, in Australia?

Hypothesis: However, in other locations such as Australia, humans are thought to have played a very significant role in the extinction of the Australian megafauna that was widespread prior to human occupation.


Premise: What did Ottoman madaris have that was similar to modern American schools?

Hypothesis: This shows that in the early modern period, Ottomans and Europeans were similar in their ideas about how schools should be managed and what they should be primarily focused on.


Premise: What are the names of the two avenues at which The Belloe House is located?

Hypothesis: Because of its location in South Jersey, hugging the Atlantic Ocean between marshlands and islands, Atlantic City was viewed by developers as prime real estate and a potential resort town.


Premise: When did Public Safety Canada unveil Canada's Cyber Security Strategy?

Hypothesis: On October 3, 2010, Public Safety Canada unveiled Canada’s Cyber Security Strategy, following a Speech from the Throne commitment to boost the security of Canadian cyberspace.


Premise: Instead of being a single person, what does Whitehead view a person as?

Hypothesis: What is ordinarily conceived of as a single person, for instance, is philosophically described as a continuum of overlapping events.


Premise: Was England successful in the 1990 FIFA World Cup?

Hypothesis: However, by the turn of the 1990s the downward trend was starting to reverse; England had been successful in the 1990 FIFA World Cup, reaching the semi-finals.


Premise: How many states does Nigeria have?

Hypothesis: The plethora of states, of which there were only three at independence, reflect the country's tumultuous history and the difficulties of managing such a heterogeneous national entity at all levels of government.


Premise: What specific part of the lungs marks the start of tuberculosis infection?

Hypothesis: M. tuberculosis is able to reproduce inside the macrophage and will eventually kill the immune cell.


Premise: Which university is said to have started faculty governance?

Hypothesis: As universities increasingly came under state control, or formed under the auspices of the state, the faculty governance model (begun by the University of Paris) became more and more prominent.


Premise: Though he urged for demonstrations in Vietnam, Nguyễn Văn Hải was charged with what crime?

Hypothesis: A Vietnamese American was deported for planning protests against the torch, while a prominent blogger, Điếu Cày (real name Nguyễn Văn Hải), who blogged about protests around the world and who called for demonstrations in Vietnam, was arrested on charges of tax evasion.


Premise: Who ruled Syria before it was conquered by the followers of Muhammad?

Hypothesis: But after Muhammad's passing, the old tribal differences between the Arabs started to resurface.


Premise: Which Nigerian tribe is 95% Muslim?

Hypothesis: In terms of Nigeria's major ethnic groups, the Hausa ethnic group (predominant in the north) was found to be 95% Muslim and 5% Christian, the Yoruba tribe (predominant in the west) was 55% Muslim, 35% Christian and 10% adherents of other religions, while the Igbos (predominant in the east) and the Ijaw (south) were 98% Christian, with 2% practising traditional religions.


Premise: What is another name for phonemic tones?

Hypothesis: Many dialects have an additional phonemic tone ("tone 9" according to the traditional reckoning), used only in special or foreign loan words.


Premise: What date was the U.S. Army created?

Hypothesis: As the largest and senior branch of the U.S. military, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (1775–83)—before the U.S. was established as a country.


Premise: What does a "T" rating symbol on an electrical contact mean?

Hypothesis: For example, a 100-watt, 120-volt lamp has a resistance of 144 ohms when lit, but the cold resistance is much lower (about 9.5 ohms).


Premise: Which seabird has the longest-distance migration?

Hypothesis: Seabird migration is similar in pattern to those of the waders and waterfowl.


Premise: What law mandated a license from the local magistrate to sell beer?

Hypothesis: The Wine and Beerhouse Act 1869 reintroduced the stricter controls of the previous century.


Premise: What are often borrowed to represent a particular morpheme?

Hypothesis: In other cases, characters are invented to represent a particular morpheme (a common example is the character 𪜶 in, which represents the personal pronoun "they").


Premise: In 1840, about how many African-Americans lived in New York City?

Hypothesis: The city's black population reached more than 16,000 in 1840.


Premise: A dispatch was edited about a meeting between the French ambassador and what Prussian king?

Hypothesis: The French press and parliament demanded a war, which the generals of Napoleon III assured him that France would win.


Premise: What agency distributed aid to Yugoslavia?

Hypothesis: After Stalin's death in 1953, relations with the USSR were relaxed and he began to receive aid as well from the COMECON.


Premise: In what tier did a number of KU's programs rank in 2016?

Hypothesis: USN&WR also ranked several programs in the top 25 among U.S. universities.


Premise: How many weapons can be equipped by Link if playing Twilight Princess on a GameCube?

Hypothesis: Unique to the GameCube version is the ability for the player to control the camera freely, without entering a special "lookaround" mode required by the Wii; however, in the GameCube version, only two of Link's secondary weapons can be equipped at a time, as opposed to four in the Wii version.[g]


Premise: What organization was Greek a founding member?

Hypothesis: Greece is classified as an advanced, high-income economy, and was a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC).


Premise: When was "Music" released?

Hypothesis: She released her eighth studio album, Music, in September 2000.


Premise: What did the Greek historian Herodotus refer to the Jews as?

Hypothesis: The Greek historian Herodotus knew of the Jews, whom he called "Palestinian Syrians", and listed them among the levied naval forces in service of the invading Persians.


Premise: What is the name of the range where the Intermontane plateaus end?

Hypothesis: The Cascades consist of largely intermittent, volcanic mountains, many rising prominently from the surrounding landscape.


Premise: What was Paul Sheehy's job?

Hypothesis: On the eve of the September 19 primary, police found Kerry's younger brother Cameron and campaign field director Thomas J. Vallely, breaking into where the building's telephone lines were located.


Premise: What general topic is eschatology about?

Hypothesis: There is a reference to the afterlife on most pages of the Quran and belief in the afterlife is often referred to in conjunction with belief in God as in the common expression: "Believe in God and the last day".


Premise: What was the Chopin boarding house called in English?

Hypothesis: Here his parents continued running their boarding house for male students; the Chopin Family Parlour (Salonik Chopinów) became a museum in the 20th century.


Premise: What company was Dell behind in profits in 2012?

Hypothesis: Dell remained the second-most profitable PC vendor, as it took 13 percent of operating profits in the PC industry during Q4 2012, behind Apple Inc.'s Macintosh that took 45 percent, seven percent at Hewlett Packard, six percent at Lenovo and Asus, and one percent for Acer.


Premise: What event led to America entering the war?

Hypothesis: American involvement in World War II in 1940–41 was limited to providing war material and financial support to Britain, the Soviet Union, and the Republic of China.


Premise: What fictional character was Feynman compared to by a colleague?

Hypothesis: One co-worker characterized Feynman as akin to Don Quixote at his desk, rather than at a computer workstation, ready to do battle with the windmills.


Premise: When did Gaddafi decide to stage his coup?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi's Free Officers recognized this as their chance to overthrow the monarchy, initiating "Operation Jerusalem".


Premise: In what country was Flying Fox in Freedom Tree made into a feature film?

Hypothesis: Another novel Sons for the Return Home had also been made into a feature film in 1979, directed by Paul Maunder.


Premise: Witchety grubs serve as personal clan totems in what country?

Hypothesis: Amongst the Aborigines of Australia of the Arrernte language groups, honey ants and witchety grubs served as personal clan totems.


Premise: Who is one of the most successful teams in the Greek Super League?

Hypothesis: The Greek Super League is the highest professional football league in the country comprising eighteen teams.


Premise: When did Washington University transition to a national research institution?

Hypothesis: During the latter half of the 20th century, Washington University transitioned from a strong regional university to a national research institution.


Premise: What percentage of New Yorkers follow the Catholic faith?

Hypothesis: Christianity (59%), particularly Catholicism (33%), was the most prevalently practiced religion in New York as of 2014, followed by Judaism, with approximately 1.1 million Jews in New York City, over half living in Brooklyn.


Premise: What West Central German dialect of Dutch contains the name of a U.S. state?

Hypothesis: Until roughly the 16th century, speakers of all the varieties of the West Germanic languages from the mouth of the Rhine to the Alps had been accustomed to refer to their native speech as Dietsch, (Neder)duyts or some other cognate of theudisk.


Premise: What often neglected social class was the light infantry comprised of?

Hypothesis: There was an additional class of troops who followed the army without specific martial roles and were deployed to the rear of the third line.


Premise: In what year was the inaugural National Invitation Tournament?

Hypothesis: The city is well known for its links to basketball, which is played in nearly every park in the city by local youth, many of whom have gone on to play for major college programs and in the NBA.


Premise: At the deadline, which area lost broadcast entirely?

Hypothesis: This CRTC decision prevented many markets subject to the transition deadline from losing signals for CBC or Radio-Canada, or both at the transition deadline.


Premise: What dialects does Hokkien refer to?

Hypothesis: oē;Tâi-lô:Hok-kiàn-uē), on the other hand, is used commonly in South East Asia to refer to Min-nan dialects.


Premise: Life revolves around what in Israel?

Hypothesis: Israel is the only country in the world where life revolves around the Hebrew calendar.


Premise: German, English, and Afrikaans were the official languages until when in Namibia?

Hypothesis: Up to 1990, English, German and Afrikaans were official languages.


Premise: During what type of crisis did Emperor Huan alienate the bureaucracy?

Hypothesis: However the emperor permanently barred Li Ying and his associates from serving in office, marking the beginning of the Partisan Prohibitions.


Premise: Lemming's concept of genocide triggered legal action in which realm?

Hypothesis: According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that eliminate key elements of the group's basic existence, including language, culture, and economic infrastructure.”


Premise: Who established The Museo Torres Garcia?

Hypothesis: The Museo Torres García is located in the Old Town, and exhibits Joaquín Torres García's unusual portraits of historical icons and cubist paintings akin to those of Picasso and Braque.


Premise: How many homeowners who had substantial equity in their homes two years ago, have little no equity as of November 2008?

Hypothesis: While many banks are obviously at the brink, consumers and businesses would be facing a much harder time getting credit right now even if the financial system were rock solid.


Premise: What year was the last census before the Census 2000?

Hypothesis: Because of these changes, the Census 2000 data on race are not directly comparable with data from the 1990 census or earlier censuses.


Premise: What did she sing at the 2009 Presidential Inauguration?

Hypothesis: She performed "America the Beautiful" at the 2009 presidential inauguration, as well as "


Premise: On what date in 2006 did May and Taylor of Queen appear on American Idol?

Hypothesis: On 15 November 2009, Brian May and Roger Taylor appeared on the singing contest television show X Factor in the UK.


Premise: What did the OMB vote to allow on the 2000 census?

Hypothesis: Multiracial people who wanted to acknowledge their full heritage won a victory of sorts in 1997, when the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) changed the federal regulation of racial categories to permit multiple responses.


Premise: Vine Scroll motifs are classified under what kind of tradition?

Hypothesis: The vine scroll motifs are very similar to those in the Santa Constanza and they still closely follow the Classical tradition.


Premise: What could have blasted Neptune and Uranus's atmosphere with radiation, aiding in creation?

Hypothesis: The formation of the ice giants, Neptune and Uranus, has proven difficult to model precisely.


Premise: How fast was the processor on the new Macintosh llfx?

Hypothesis: It was followed in 1989 by the Macintosh IIcx, a more compact version with fewer slots  and a version of the Mac SE powered by the 16 MHz 68030, the Macintosh SE/30.


Premise: What did the war in 1714 mandate as the proper language in documentation?

Hypothesis: The decline of Catalan continued in the 16th and 17th centuries.


Premise: On what date did American Idol air its season six finale?

Hypothesis: Sparks has had some success as a recording artist post-Idol.


Premise: What did the BBC do?

Hypothesis: BBC subsequently apologised for faking footage, and returned the television award for investigative reporting.


Premise: Which contestant sang an off-key "She Bangs"?

Hypothesis: One of the most talked-about contestants during the audition process was William Hung whose off-key rendition of Ricky Martin's "She Bangs" received widespread attention.


Premise: Which country has a disputed area with Tibet?

Hypothesis: According to tradition the original ancestors of the Tibetan people, as represented by the six red bands in the Tibetan flag, are: the Se, Mu, Dong, Tong, Dru and Ra.


Premise: What type of geology is the Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field?

Hypothesis: In August 2014, Shell Oil Company said it was finalising its interests in four Nigerian oil fields.


Premise: What country has the most universities offering courses in neerlandistiek?

Hypothesis: At an academic level, the largest number of faculties of neerlandistiek can be found in Germany (30 universities), followed by France (20 universities) and the United Kingdom (5 universities).


Premise: Who was the head of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova?

Hypothesis: Linguists of the Romanian Academy reacted by declaring that all the Moldovan words were also Romanian words; while in Moldova, the head of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Ion Bărbuţă, described the dictionary as a politically motivated "absurdity".


Premise: Where did the water come from for the creation of the first salt water taffy?

Hypothesis: The traditional story is that Bradley's shop was flooded after a major storm, soaking his taffy with salty Atlantic Ocean water.


Premise: The degree to which different religions were persecuted depended on what?

Hypothesis: The extent to which different religions or denominations were persecuted depended much on the time period and regional or city leaders.


Premise: What does Bottom Up Testing also help with once the process has been repeated over and over again at all levels?

Hypothesis: This method also helps to determine the levels of software developed and makes it easier to report testing progress in the form of a percentage.[citation needed]


Premise: What do friendlies allow managers to experiment with?

Hypothesis: International friendlies give team managers the opportunity to experiment with team selection and tactics before the tournament proper, and also allow them to assess the abilities of players they may potentially select for the tournament squad.


Premise: When a dog has a camouflage pattern on its coat, this is called what?

Hypothesis: Domestic dogs often display the remnants of countershading, a common natural camouflage pattern.


Premise: Since when have surface mount packages for capacitors been commonly in use?

Hypothesis: Since the 1980s, surface mount packages for capacitors have been widely used.


Premise: How much money was spent on construction of the island's airport?

Hypothesis: The airport is also expected to kick start the tourism industry, with up to 30,000 visitors expected annually.


Premise: For what event was the largest amount of signatures collected in an attempt to keep Kanye from performing at it?

Hypothesis: On July 20, 2015, within five days of West's announcement as the headlining artist of the closing ceremonies of the 2015 Pan American Games, Change.org user XYZ collected over 50,000 signatures for West's removal as headliner citing the headlining artist should be Canadian.


Premise: How many college football bowl championships have the Tennessee Volunteers won?

Hypothesis: The football team has won 13 SEC championships and 25 bowls, including four Sugar Bowls, three Cotton Bowls, an Orange Bowl and a Fiesta Bowl.


Premise: What is the name of the group of well-developed organisms that were discovered within fossil-bearing layers?

Hypothesis: Fossil evidence of pre-Cambrian life has since been found, extending the history of life back for billions of years.


Premise: What is the name of the Act that formerly governed Norfolk Island?

Hypothesis: The Norfolk Island Act 1979, passed by the Parliament of Australia in 1979, is the Act under which the island was governed until the passing of the Norfolk Island Legislation Amendment Act 2015.


Premise: Some dogs help fishermen with what?

Hypothesis: Dogs have lived and worked with humans in so many roles that they have earned the unique nickname, "man's best friend", a phrase used in other languages as well.


Premise: All five boroughs of New York City formed into one city on what date?

Hypothesis: Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.


Premise: In what year did Plymouth twin with Plymouth in the United States?

Hypothesis: The total electorate for Plymouth was 188,924 in April 2015.


Premise: What type of carrier is Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov?

Hypothesis: 1 STOBAR carrier: Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov: 55,000 tonne Admiral Kuznetsov-class STOBAR aircraft carrier.


Premise: What did the Indian Vaccination Act of 1832 establish?

Hypothesis: Contact with European diseases such as smallpox and measles killed between 50 and 67 per cent of the Aboriginal population of North America in the first hundred years after the arrival of Europeans.


Premise: The bombing of Buckingham Palace showed what to the public?

Hypothesis: Coverage of this event was played in cinemas all over the UK to show the common suffering of rich and poor.


Premise: The Peace Pagoda built in New Delhi by the Nipponzan Myohoji contained what type of artifacts?

Hypothesis: It was inaugurated by the current Dalai Lama.


Premise: What was the reason given for the closing of the SaberCats?

Hypothesis: A statement from the league indicated that the AFL is working to secure new, long-term owners for the franchise.


Premise: If toxocariasis is left untreated, what can happen to a person?

Hypothesis: In the United States, about 10,000 cases of Toxocara infection are reported in humans each year, and almost 14% of the U.S. population is infected.


Premise: In Avicenna's "Floating Man", what could the essence of a person not be?

Hypothesis: That essence could not be the body, obviously, as the flying person has no sensation.


Premise: Has the government of Myanmar made life any easier for it's inhabitants ?

Hypothesis: The government has also relaxed reporting laws, but these remain highly restrictive.


Premise: In March 2014 what number of people were sentenced to death in a single hearing?

Hypothesis: The United Nations human rights office and various NGOs expressed "deep alarm" after an Egyptian Minya Criminal Court sentenced 529 people to death in a single hearing on 25 March 2014.


Premise: How do plants contribute to terrestrial ecosystems?

Hypothesis: A large percentage of herbivores have mutualistic gut flora that help them digest plant matter, which is more difficult to digest than animal prey.


Premise: What access is blocked?

Hypothesis: In practice, no public criticism of the regime is tolerated and all direct protest is severely suppressed and does not receive coverage in the local media.


Premise: What topics of conversation would Ulam and Von Neumann typically share?

Hypothesis: A later friend of Ulam's, Gian-Carlo Rota writes: "They would spend hours on end gossiping and giggling, swapping Jewish jokes, and drifting in and out of mathematical talk."


Premise: In what year was the merger charter signed?

Hypothesis: In February 1972, Gaddafi and Sadat signed an unofficial charter of merger, but it was never implemented as relations broke down the following year.


Premise: What Saint did Paul VI denote as mother of the Catholic church?

Hypothesis: The Pope concluded the session on 21 November 1964, with the formal pronouncement of Mary as Mother of the Church.


Premise: What are USB devices required to enter?

Hypothesis: USB devices are also required to automatically enter ultra low-power suspend mode when the USB host is suspended.


Premise: What are some of the more common triggers?

Hypothesis: Yoga could provide small improvements in quality of life and symptoms in people with asthma.


Premise: What is the supposed source of most Antarctica meteorites?

Hypothesis: Most of these meteorites have fallen onto the ice sheet in the last million years.


Premise: What is the tallest mountain in Greece?

Hypothesis: Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north and Turkey to the northeast.


Premise: Who wanted to grow Seattle by 60% by 2040?

Hypothesis: In 2006, after growing by 4,000 citizens per year for the previous 16 years, regional planners expected the population of Seattle to grow by 200,000 people by 2040.


Premise: The majority of the population to finish tertiary schooling in bern are what people?

Hypothesis: In Bern, about 50,418 or (39.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 24,311 or (18.9%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).


Premise: Are all turn tables capable of DJ manipulation of vinyl records?

Hypothesis: With a record one can place the stylus a few grooves farther in or out, accelerate or decelerate the turntable, or even reverse its direction, provided the stylus, record player, and record itself are built to withstand it.


Premise: How long have bus tours been available to tourist of Myanmar ?

Hypothesis: At least one tourist company has successfully run commercial overland routes through these borders since 2013.


Premise: Where was an Executive MBA program established by Washington University in 2002?

Hypothesis: In 2002, an Executive MBA program was established in Shanghai, in cooperation with Fudan University.


Premise: Who laid out the Grid Plan?

Hypothesis: Streets that do continue farther west change direction before reaching the Hudson River.


Premise: When did the unemployment rate fall to 5.6 per cent?

Hypothesis: In both 2010 and 2011, the metro area's gross domestic product (GDP) led 27 other metropolitan areas in the country, according to the Conference Board of Canada, recording growth of 6.6 per cent and 5.8 per cent respectively.


Premise: Which film was awarded the Best Screenwriting and Best Photography at the London Greek Film Festival?

Hypothesis: In 2009 the Greek director, writer and producer Vassilis Mazomenos filmed in Cyprus Guilt.


Premise: When did Menander die?

Hypothesis: After the death of Menander (c. 130 BC), the Kingdom appears to have fragmented, with several 'kings' attested contemporaneously in different regions.


Premise: Where is CBC available for free?

Hypothesis: On March 5, 2005, CBC Television launched a high definition simulcast of its Toronto (CBLT-DT) and Montreal (CBMT-DT) stations.


Premise: What did the Alberta bitumen mines begin as?

Hypothesis: The vast Alberta bitumen resources are believed to have started out as living material from marine plants and animals, mainly algae, that died millions of years ago when an ancient ocean covered Alberta.


Premise: Would those in favor of DST argue that it causes people to use more electricity or saves energy?

Hypothesis: Groups that tend to support DST are urban workers, retail businesses, outdoor sports enthusiasts and businesses, tourism operators, and others who benefit from increased light during the evening in summer.


Premise: What was the general opinion about transmutation of species in the 19th century?

Hypothesis: There was growing support for such ideas among dissident anatomists and the general public, but during the first half of the 19th century the English scientific establishment was closely tied to the Church of England, while science was part of natural theology.


Premise: How many listed buildings in Somerset

Hypothesis: Other historic houses in the county which have remained in private ownership or used for other purposes include Halswell House and Marston Bigot.


Premise: The Boston Globe and the Boston herals are two of Bostons what?

Hypothesis: The Boston Globe and the Boston Herald are two of the city's major daily newspapers.


Premise: The most populated city in the United States is which city?

Hypothesis: Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world.


Premise: What is the function of the Royal Institute's Visiting Boards?

Hypothesis: Under arrangements made in 2011 the validation criteria are jointly held by the RIBA and the Architects Registration Board, but unlike the ARB, the RIBA also validates courses outside the UK.


Premise: What type of word is added to the contraction of the preposition?

Hypothesis: The inflection of determinatives is complex, specially because of the high number of elisions, but is similar to the neighboring languages.


Premise: When was Art as Cultural System penned?

Hypothesis: One of the central problems in the anthropology of art concerns the universality of 'art' as a cultural phenomenon.


Premise: Who created the New York kouros?

Hypothesis: It is considered that he created also the New York kouros, which is the oldest fully preserved statue of Kouros type, and seems to be the incarnation of the god himself.


Premise: What did the American Embargoes prevent Japan from aquiring?

Hypothesis: The Second Sino-Japanese War had seen tensions rise between Imperial Japan and the United States; events such as the Panay incident and the Nanking Massacre turned American public opinion against Japan.


Premise: Which team displayed the Bond logo during the Mexican Grand Prix?

Hypothesis: The DB10 was designed in collaboration between Aston Martin and the filmmakers, with only 10 being produced especially for Spectre as a celebration of the 50th anniversary of the company's association with the franchise.


Premise: Who produced Madonna's debut album?

Hypothesis: After this success, she started developing her debut album, Madonna, which was primarily produced by Reggie Lucas of Warner Bros.


Premise: Who is not a member of the College of Arms?

Hypothesis: The Order's King of Arms is not a member of the College of Arms, as are many other heraldic officers.


Premise: During the High Middle Ages, what percentage of the European population consisted of rural peasants?

Hypothesis: The High Middle Ages was a period of tremendous expansion of population.


Premise: How many works of art currently reside in the National Museum?

Hypothesis: The National Museum which began with an exhibition of Indian art and artefacts at the Royal Academy in London in the winter of 1947–48 was later at the end was shown at the Rashtrapati Bhawan in 1949.


Premise: What is a solar chimney made of?

Hypothesis: A solar chimney (or thermal chimney, in this context) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building.


Premise: Besides stamps, what did the Soviet Union also create in Avicenna's honor?

Hypothesis: In 1980, the Soviet Union, which then ruled his birthplace Bukhara, celebrated the thousandth anniversary of Avicenna's birth by circulating various commemorative stamps with artistic illustrations, and by erecting a bust of Avicenna based on anthropological research by Soviet scholars.[citation needed]


Premise: In the 1970s, what did monaterism turn into?

Hypothesis: In the 1970s, monetarism has adapted into supply-side economics which advocates reducing taxes as a means to increase the amount of money available for economic expansion.


Premise: What did the Colonist cultivate

Hypothesis: The British built good public roads and introduced the cultivation of sugar cane, indigo and fruits as well the export of lumber.


Premise: When did England colonize the Bahamas?

Hypothesis: In 1655, England annexed the island of Jamaica from the Spanish, and in 1666 succeeded in colonising the Bahamas.


Premise: Which governor led the supportive reception of President Juarez?

Hypothesis: On September 21, 1864, José María Patoni and Jesús González Ortega lost against the French forces at the Battle of Estanzuelas; the supreme government led by President Juárez was forced to evacuate the city of Saltillo and relocate to Chihuahua.


Premise: What is the Lincoln Theater downtown?

Hypothesis: An additional amphitheater sits on the grounds of the North Carolina Museum of Art, which hosts a summer concert series and outdoor movies.


Premise: Ghorala is another word for what?

Hypothesis: Possession, even if it is by a benign spirit, is regarded as undesirable, as it entails loss of self-control and violent emotional outbursts.


Premise: When did Elizabeth make the first visit to Ireland by a British monarch?

Hypothesis: At the invitation of the Irish President, Mary McAleese, the Queen made the first state visit to the Republic of Ireland by a British monarch in May 2011.


Premise: Where were Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen from?

Hypothesis: In August 1836, two real estate entrepreneurs—Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen—from New York, purchased 6,642 acres (26.88 km2) of land along Buffalo Bayou with the intent of founding a city.


Premise: Rather than a definition, the text of the treaty is considered as what type of tool?

Hypothesis: Writing in 1998 Kurt Jonassohn and Karin Björnson stated that the CPPCG was a legal instrument resulting from a diplomatic compromise.


Premise: What is the nationality of Seham Sergewa?

Hypothesis: In 2011 Amnesty International questioned this and other claims used to justify NATO's war in Libya.


Premise: Three times in 1996, England wore what color socks in their away kits instead of the traditional red socks?

Hypothesis: Although England's first away kits were blue, England's traditional away colours are red shirts, white shorts and red socks.


Premise: What is the English translation of Galeb?

Hypothesis: While Tito was the person who held the office of president for by far the longest period, the associated property was not private and much of it continues to be in use by Yugoslav successor states, as public property, or maintained at the disposal of high-ranking officials.


Premise: How many people on average watched season 12 of American Idol?

Hypothesis: The season viewers averaged at 13.3 million, a drop of 24% from the previous season.


Premise: How is it postulated that Mars life might have evolved?

Hypothesis: Those features can also be observed in algae and cyanobacteria, suggesting that these are adaptations to the conditions prevailing in Antarctica.


Premise: What did the Umayyads call the mangonel?

Hypothesis: The artillery used arradah (ballista), manjaniq (the mangonel) and dabbabah or kabsh (the battering ram).


Premise: What script saw no more stages of evolution?

Hypothesis: It was not until the Northern and Southern dynasties that regular script rose to dominant status.


Premise: Who commissioned the Abbey to be built?

Hypothesis: Construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of King Henry III.


Premise: Most major airports provide commercial outlets for what?

Hypothesis: Prices charged for items sold at these outlets are generally higher than those outside the airport.


Premise: What type downpayments do substandard loans generally have?

Hypothesis: According to Wallison, the reason the U.S. residential housing bubble (as opposed to other types of bubbles) led to financial crisis was that it was supported by a huge number of substandard loans – generally with low or no downpayments.


Premise: Ibn al-Haytham can be known by another name, what is it?

Hypothesis: Other influential Muslim philosophers include al-Jahiz, a pioneer in evolutionary thought; Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), a pioneer of phenomenology and the philosophy of science and a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy and Aristotle's concept of place (topos);


Premise: Along with mood, temperament, disposition and motivation, what is emotion often tied to?

Hypothesis: Other theories, however, claim that emotion is separate from and can precede cognition.


Premise: What game development company completely disagreed with Kotick's statements in The Times interview?

Hypothesis: Kotick received heavy criticism for the statement, notably from developer Bioware who questioned the wisdom of the threatened move, and referred to the statement as "silly."


Premise: For which sports team category does Houston not have a team ?

Hypothesis: Houston has sports teams for every major professional league except the National Hockey League (NHL).


Premise: Where is Dunavant Enterprises based?

Hypothesis: In Zambia, it often offers loans for seed and expenses to the 180,000 small farmers who grow cotton for it, as well as advice on farming methods.


Premise: In what year did the Marshall Islands receive sovereignty?

Hypothesis: The Compact provided for aid and U.S. defense of the islands in exchange for continued U.S. military use of the missile testing range at Kwajalein Atoll.


Premise: Is the airway obstuction reversable in asthma?

Hypothesis: Unlike these diseases, the airway obstruction in asthma is usually reversible; however, if left untreated, the chronic inflammation from asthma can lead the lungs to become irreversibly obstructed due to airway remodeling.


Premise: What role does wrestling fill?

Hypothesis: The characters and storylines portrayed by a successful promotion are seen to reflect the current mood, attitudes, and concerns of that promotion's society (and can, in turn, influence those same things).


Premise: What are the area of responsibilities made up of?

Hypothesis: Above the sessions exist presbyteries, which have area responsibilities.


Premise: What new security features does Windows 8 have?

Hypothesis: Additional security features were introduced, such as built-in antivirus software, integration with Microsoft SmartScreen phishing filtering service and support for UEFI Secure Boot on supported devices with UEFI firmware, to prevent malware from infecting the boot process.


Premise: What are the names of the Greco-Turkish dances?

Hypothesis: The traditional folk music of Cyprus has several common elements with Greek, Turkish, and Arabic music including Greco-Turkish dances such as the sousta, syrtos, zeibekikos, tatsia, and karsilamas as well as the Middle Eastern-inspired tsifteteli and arapies.


Premise: Who was the moderator of the second debate, held at the Washington University?

Hypothesis: Conducted in a town meeting format, less formal than the first presidential debate, this debate saw Bush and Kerry taking questions on a variety of subjects from a local audience.


Premise: who commanded the factories owned by the East India company?

Hypothesis: By 1647, the company had 23 factories, each under the command of a factor or master merchant and governor if so chosen, and 90 employees in India.


Premise: Who did the Cubs began play as?

Hypothesis: The Cubs began play as the Chicago White Stockings, joining the National League (NL) as a charter member.


Premise: People with dogs get more of what than people with cats or no animals?

Hypothesis: In addition, people with pet dogs took considerably more physical exercise than those with cats and those without pets.


Premise: How many Communists were executed at the Slansky trial?

Hypothesis: It has, for example, been given as one of the reasons for the Slánský trial in Czechoslovakia, in which 14 high-level Communist officials were purged, with 11 of them being executed.


Premise: Does everyone agree with the content of the letter?

Hypothesis: Some scholars see little doubt that the reference to the execution of the "king of the Jews" is about the crucifixion of Jesus, while others place less value in the letter, given the possible ambiguity in the reference.


Premise: Why have Jehovah's Witnesses sometimes been imprisoned?

Hypothesis: In 1933, there were approximately 20,000 Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany, of whom about 10,000 were later imprisoned.


Premise: Earlier television systems were based on what?

Hypothesis: The ongoing competition between companies and nations to create true "HDTV" spanned the entire 20th century, as each new system became more HD than the last.


Premise: What does ASCII correspondence allow digital devices to do?

Hypothesis: This allows digital devices to communicate with each other and to process, store, and communicate character-oriented information such as written language.


Premise: What was Kaunitz of Austria willing to trade for French help in capturing Silesia?

Hypothesis: He tried as hard as he could for Austria to not get entangled in Hanover's political affairs, and was even willing to trade Austrian Netherlands for France's aid in recapturing Silesia.


Premise: Which university library is larger than Nanjing University Library?

Hypothesis: Nanjing University Library is the second largest university libraries in China after Peking University Library, and the fifth largest nationwide, especially in the number of precious collections.


Premise: Who led the invasion troops?

Hypothesis: Pitt now prepared to send troops into Germany; and both Marlborough and Sackville, disgusted by what they perceived as the futility of the "descents", obtained commissions in that army.


Premise: Are large jungle cats part of the animal population of Burma ?

Hypothesis: In upper Myanmar, there are rhinoceros, wild buffalo, wild boars, deer, antelope, and elephants, which are also tamed or bred in captivity for use as work animals, particularly in the lumber industry.


Premise: What is the only coastal community in San Diego without the word "beach" in its name?

Hypothesis: A narrow strip of land at the bottom of San Diego Bay connects these southern neighborhoods with the rest of the city.


Premise: How did Mark Anthony's love die?

Hypothesis: The Ptolemies faced rebellions of native Egyptians often caused by an unwanted regime and were involved in foreign and civil wars that led to the decline of the kingdom and its annexation by Rome.


Premise: What determines how deep a tester will go during regression?

Hypothesis: They can either be complete, for changes added late in the release or deemed to be risky, or be very shallow, consisting of positive tests on each feature, if the changes are early in the release or deemed to be of low risk.


Premise: What was Terminal 2 formerly called at the airport?

Hypothesis: Raleigh-Durham International Airport, the region's primary airport and the second-largest in North Carolina, located northwest of downtown Raleigh via Interstate-40 between Raleigh and Durham, serves the city and greater Research Triangle metropolitan region, as well as much of eastern North Carolina.


Premise: How was the first listing limited in what species were listed?

Hypothesis: This first list is referred to as the "Class of '67" in The Endangered Species Act at Thirty, Volume 1, which concludes that habitat destruction, the biggest threat to those 78 species, is still the same threat to the currently listed species.


Premise: What might help migrating birds navigate?

Hypothesis: The timing of migration seems to be controlled primarily by changes in day length.


Premise: What party did The Times support in 2001 and 2005 general elections?

Hypothesis: In 2004, according to MORI, the voting intentions of its readership were 40% for the Conservative Party, 29% for the Liberal Democrats, and 26% for Labour.


Premise: What land mass was de Mendana actually seeking?

Hypothesis: In 1568, Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis.


Premise: How many Grammy awards did "Crazy in Love" win?

Hypothesis: Her debut single, "Crazy in Love" was named VH1's "Greatest Song of the 2000s", NME's "Best Track of the 00s" and "Pop Song of the Century", considered by Rolling Stone to be one of the 500 greatest songs of all time, earned two Grammy Awards and is one of the best-selling singles of all time at around 8 million copies.


Premise: When did the first art gallery open in Washington state?

Hypothesis: The Henry Art Gallery opened in 1927, the first public art museum in Washington.


Premise: What does Desfile de las Llamadas mean?

Hypothesis: Due to the scale of the festival, preparation begins as early as December with an election of the "zonal beauty queens" to appear in the carnival.


Premise: What country was Saxony aligned with?

Hypothesis: On 29 August 1756, he led Prussian troops across the border of Saxony, one of the small German states in league with Austria.


Premise: What instrument did Chopin play for Charles Hallé when the latter visited him?

Hypothesis: He was forced by illness to decline a written invitation from Alkan to participate in a repeat performance of the Beethoven Seventh Symphony arrangement at Erard's on 1 March 1843.


Premise: What typically happens when digimon are killed?

Hypothesis: Any Digimon that receives a fatal wound will dissolve into infinitesimal bits of data.


Premise: What man is credited with the emergence of the German nation?

Hypothesis: The event of the Protestant Reformation and the politics that ensued has been cited as the origins of German identity that arose in response to the spread of a common German language and literature.


Premise: When did Guam's indigenous people first arrive?

Hypothesis: The Chamorros, Guam's indigenous people, settled the island approximately 4,000 years ago.


Premise: What size and power of government is popular in Estonia?

Hypothesis: Like the mainstream culture in the other Nordic countries, Estonian culture can be seen to build upon the ascetic environmental realities and traditional livelihoods, a heritage of comparatively widespread egalitarianism out of practical reasons (see: Everyman's right and universal suffrage), and the ideals of closeness to nature and self-sufficiency (see: summer cottage).


Premise: What 1802 treaty between Britain and France ended the Revolutionary Wars?

Hypothesis: After a decade of constant warfare, France and Britain signed the Treaty of Amiens in March 1802, bringing the Revolutionary Wars to an end.


Premise: Where did the MDNA Tour start?

Hypothesis: Lawsuits threatened against Madonna have also been engaged from the tour.


Premise: Where did Nasser and his wife live after they were married?

Hypothesis: In 1944, Nasser married Tahia Kazem, the 22-year-old daughter of a wealthy Iranian father and an Egyptian mother, both of whom died when she was young.


Premise: What composer continued the counterpoint and fugue?

Hypothesis: Beethoven, who is often described as a founder of the Romantic era, and Brahms, who is classified as Romantic, also used counterpoint and fugue, but other characteristics of their music define their era.


Premise: In what year did Herschel publish his work on infrared radiation?

Hypothesis: Herschel published his results in 1800 before the Royal Society of London.


Premise: Where is Taylor Hicks from?

Hypothesis: Theories given for the success of Southerners on Idol have been: more versatility with musical genres, as the Southern U.S. is home to several music genre scenes; not having as many opportunities to break into the pop music business; text-voting due to the South having the highest percentage of cell-phone only households; and the strong heritage of music and singing, which is notable in the Bible Belt, where it is in church that many people get their start in public singing.


Premise: Where were Victoria and Albert honored guests at ball thrown by Napoleon III?

Hypothesis: They visited the Exposition Universelle (a successor to Albert's 1851 brainchild the Great Exhibition) and Napoleon I's tomb at Les Invalides (to which his remains had only been returned in 1840), and were guests of honour at a 1,200-guest ball at the Palace of Versailles.


Premise: Where was the lowest amount of U.S. dollars lost?

Hypothesis: The 2007 report showed that the Asia-Pacific region was associated with the highest amount of loss, in terms of U.S. dollars, with $14,090,000, followed by the European Union, with a loss of $12,383,000; the lowest amount of U.S. dollars was lost in the Middle East/Africa region, where $2,446,000 was documented.


Premise: How long do TCM Wineclub subscriptions last?

Hypothesis: Wines are available in 3 month subscriptions, and can be selected as reds, whites, or a mixture of both.


Premise: From which institution did Kanye receive an honorary doctorate?

Hypothesis: The publication added that "he's letting his music speak for and prove itself."


Premise: When did the Northern cod fishery collapse?

Hypothesis: St. John's, and the province as a whole, was gravely affected in the 1990s by the collapse of the Northern cod fishery, which had been the driving force of the provincial economy for hundreds of years.


Premise: In what year was the economic bailout agreed to?

Hypothesis: In the second decade of the 21st century the Portuguese economy suffered its most severe recession since the 1970s resulting in the country having to be bailed out by the European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund.


Premise: What role did Pope John XXIII's death precipitate the election of?

Hypothesis: " When John XXIII died of stomach cancer on 3 June 1963, it triggered a conclave to elect a new pope.


Premise: What year was the beginning of the transition from mandolino to mandolin?

Hypothesis: The transition from the mandolino to the mandolin began around 1744 with the designing of the metal-string mandolin by the Vinaccia family, 3 brass strings and one of gut, using friction tuning pegs on a fingerboard that sat "flush" with the sound table.


Premise: What is another name for The Fort Washington Expressway?

Hypothesis: The Fort Washington Expressway (Route 309) extends north from the city's northern border, serving Montgomery County and Bucks County.


Premise: What national sporting event was held during this time period still goes on in celebration today ?

Hypothesis: According to some scholars, the foundational event was the Olympic Games in 776 BC, when the idea of a common Hellenism among the Greek tribes was first translated into a shared cultural experience and Hellenism was primarily a matter of common culture.


Premise: What is the The New York City Fire Department's motto?

Hypothesis: The New York City Fire Department is the largest municipal fire department in the United States and the second largest in the world after the Tokyo Fire Department.


Premise: What was the largest racial group in Richmond as of 2000?

Hypothesis: The racial makeup of the city was 38.3% White, 57.2% African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.5% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races.


Premise: In what year did Sir Francis Drake die?

Hypothesis: The naturalist Dr William Elford Leach FRS, who did much to pave the way in Britain for Charles Darwin, was born at Hoe Gate in 1791.


Premise: What is the light rail system in Hyderabad known as?

Hypothesis: Bus services operate from the Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station in the city centre and carry over 130 million passengers daily across the entire network.:76 Hyderabad's light rail transportation system, the Multi-Modal Transport System (MMTS), is a three line suburban rail service used by over 160,000 passengers daily.


Premise: What was the primary goal of the German air doctrine?

Hypothesis: Locating targets in skies obscured by industrial haze meant they needed to be illuminated "without regard for the civilian population".


Premise: What is the Everton club motto?

Hypothesis: The crest was accompanied by the club motto, "Nil Satis Nisi Optimum", meaning "Nothing but the best is good enough".


Premise: What factor is very strong in Southampton that encourages redevelopment of the city?

Hypothesis: Southampton's strong economy is promoting redevelopment, and major projects are proposed, including the city's first skyscrapers on the waterfront.


Premise: How many men defended the attack from the Dutch in 1673?

Hypothesis: The inhabitants were able to fend off a second Dutch attack in 1673, when this time it was defended by Christopher Martin, an English merchant captain.


Premise: What was the percentage of labels youtube had signed contracts with prior to the planned launch date?

Hypothesis: Stating that 90% of labels had reached deals, he went on to say that "while we wish that we had [a] 100% success rate, we understand that is not likely an achievable goal and therefore it is our responsibility to our users and the industry to launch the enhanced music experience."


Premise: What popular uprising occurred in France during this period?

Hypothesis: These troubles were followed in 1347 by the Black Death, a pandemic that spread throughout Europe during the following three years.[AC]


Premise: What is the Italian equivalent to the French term Lumieres?

Hypothesis: Terms like "les Lumières" (French), "illuminismo" (Italian), "ilustración" (Spanish) and "Aufklärung" (German) referred to partly overlapping movements.


Premise: With what did the college boy's hit the shooter with?

Hypothesis: Two schoolboys from Eton College struck him with their umbrellas, until he was hustled away by a policeman.


Premise: In 2007, what percentage of the roads in San Diego were considered acceptable?

Hypothesis: Numerous regional transportation projects have occurred in recent years to mitigate congestion in San Diego.


Premise: During which decade did Whitehead's focus start shifting away from mathematics?

Hypothesis: Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics.


Premise: How did the Spanish conflict begin?

Hypothesis: The conflict started with short-lived governing juntas established in Chuquisaca and Quito opposing the composition of the Supreme Central Junta of Seville.


Premise: About how many pupils in all of Indonesia study Dutch as part of their coursework?

Hypothesis: In Indonesia this involves about 35,000 students.


Premise: Two women and what man concentrated on post World War II events?

Hypothesis: For example, Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn studied the whole of human history, while Leo Kuper and R. J. Rummel in their more recent works concentrated on the 20th century, and Helen Fein, Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr have looked at post World War II events.


Premise: What is Oklahoma's largest urbanized area?

Hypothesis: Oklahoma City is the principal city of the eight-county Oklahoma City Metropolitan Statistical Area in Central Oklahoma and is the state's largest urbanized area.


Premise: Who won the presidential election in 2009?

Hypothesis: According to the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights, a non-governmental organization, the election was marked by "very low" turnout and "fraud and irregularities".


Premise: What is the sex ratio gap in Thuringia?

Hypothesis: Overall, there are 115 to 120 men per 100 women in the 25–40 age group ("family founders") which has negative consequences for the birth ratio.


Premise: What percentage of the Nicaraguan population are indigenous?

Hypothesis: The largest indigenous group in Nicaragua is the Miskito people.


Premise: How many people live in downtown New Haven?

Hypothesis: The downtown area provides about half of the city's jobs and half of its tax base and in recent years has become filled with dozens of new upscale restaurants, several of which have garnered national praise (such as Ibiza, recognized by Esquire and Wine Spectator magazines as well as the New York Times as the best Spanish food in the country), in addition to shops and thousands of apartments and condominium units which subsequently help overall growth of the city.


Premise: In the fall of 2014, which school did 21.3% of undergraduates enroll in?

Hypothesis: In the fall of 2014, among the six undergraduate schools, 40.6% of undergraduate students are enrolled in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, 21.3% in the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, 14.3% in the School of Communication, 11.7% in the Medill School of Journalism, 5.7% in the Bienen School of Music, and 6.4% in the School of Education and Social Policy.


Premise: How many museums are in Oklahoma?

Hypothesis: Oklahoma is in the nation's middle percentile in per capita spending on the arts, ranking 17th, and contains more than 300 museums.


Premise: Along with Liban Abdi, Ayub Daud and Abdisalam Ibrahim, who is a notable Somali football player?

Hypothesis: Important competitions are the Somalia League and Somalia Cup.


Premise: What does a typical pommel horse exercise consist of?

Hypothesis: A typical pommel horse exercise involves both single leg and double leg work.


Premise: When did the Notre Dame marching band form?

Hypothesis: The band, which began in 1846 and has a claim as the oldest university band in continuous existence in the United States, was honored by the National Music Council as a "Landmark of American Music" during the United States Bicentennial.


Premise: In 1979, which corporation was struggling to run The Times?

Hypothesis: The Thomson Corporation management were struggling to run the business due to the 1979 Energy Crisis and union demands.


Premise: What could epinephrine treat?

Hypothesis: By 1929 epinephrine had been formulated into an inhaler for use in the treatment of nasal congestion.


Premise: How many appreciation medals were destroyed by the Bureau of the Mint?

Hypothesis: The development of the appreciation medals was initiated by the White House and executed by the Bureau of the Mint through the U.S. Mint in Philadelphia.


Premise: Where did this dynasty form?

Hypothesis: Rather than serve them, Ming general Wu Sangui made an alliance with the Manchus and opened the Shanhai Pass to the Banner Armies led by Prince Dorgon, who defeated the rebels and seized Beijing.


Premise: Where did Queen perform with Adam Lambert on 3 July 2012?

Hypothesis: It was later announced that Queen + Adam Lambert would play two shows at the Hammersmith Apollo, London on 11 and 12 July 2012.


Premise: In what year did Gaddafi found the Jamahiriya?

Hypothesis: In 1977, Gaddafi dissolved the Republic and created a new socialist state, the Jamahiriya ("state of the masses").


Premise: how many members did the America First Committee have?

Hypothesis: Before the attack on Pearl Harbor, the 800,000-member America First Committee vehemently opposed any American intervention in the European conflict, even as America sold military aid to Britain and the Soviet Union through the Lend-Lease program.


Premise: How does a sangoma in Swaziland communicate?

Hypothesis: His diagnosis is based on "kubhula", a process of communication, through trance, with the natural superpowers.


Premise: In order for a unconstitutional statue to disappear, it has to be deleted by?

Hypothesis: However, under the principle of stare decisis, no sensible lower court will enforce an unconstitutional statute, and any court that does so will be reversed by the Supreme Court.


Premise: In what century did public drinking regulations first exist in England?

Hypothesis: There was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown.


Premise: What does Bagemihl say a major issue with this terminology is?

Hypothesis: " Bagemihl goes on to take issue with the way this terminology makes it easy to claim transsexuals are really homosexual males seeking to escape from stigma.


Premise: What caused the evolution of different growth strategies in bacteria?

Hypothesis: Other organisms have adaptations to harsh environments, such as the production of multiple antibiotics by Streptomyces that inhibit the growth of competing microorganisms.


Premise: What region of the Philippines has a large Muslim population?

Hypothesis: In Southeast Asia, Muslim students have a choice of attending a secular government or an Islamic school.


Premise: How many constituencies had run-off elections?

Hypothesis: In district races, run-off elections were held in 76 constituencies on April 2 and 9 and fresh elections were organized on April 20 and 14 to May 23, in the 199 remaining constituencies where the required absolute majority was not attained.


Premise: Which church has had a large influence over Galicia since the Middle Ages?

Hypothesis: While these may have coincided with contemporary 15th-century civil provinces, they no longer have the same boundaries as the modern civil provincial divisions.


Premise: Who did Anwar Sadat succeed?

Hypothesis: After Nasser died in November 1970, his successor, Anwar Sadat, suggested that rather than a unified state, they create a political federation, implemented in April 1971; in doing so, Egypt, Syria and Sudan got large grants of Libyan oil money.


Premise: Clementa Pinckney served what public office for the state of South Carolina?

Hypothesis: Senior pastor Clementa Pinckney, who also served as a state senator, was among those killed during the attack.


Premise: How old are the oldest buildings in Mexico City?

Hypothesis: The Historic Center is the oldest part of the city (along with some other, formerly separate colonial towns such as Coyoacán and San Ángel), some of the buildings dating back to the 16th century.


Premise: What does SWS stand for?

Hypothesis: Sleep does not affect acquisition or recall while one is awake.


Premise: Which host quit after the first season?

Hypothesis: The first season was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman.


Premise: Napoleon's novella "Clisson et Eugénie" was based on his relationship with whom?

Hypothesis: On 15 September, Bonaparte was removed from the list of generals in regular service for his refusal to serve in the Vendée campaign.


Premise: What is the minimum height in meters of the region Mexico City is located in?

Hypothesis: Mexico City is located in the Valley of Mexico, sometimes called the Basin of Mexico.


Premise: In which season of American Idol did Steven Tyler and Jennifer Lopez become judges?

Hypothesis: Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler joined Randy Jackson as judges following the departures of Simon Cowell (who left to launch the U.S. version of The X Factor), Kara DioGuardi (whose contract was not renewed) and Ellen DeGeneres, while Nigel Lythgoe returned as executive producer.


Premise: Along with the PS Slim's value, quietness, and lower power usage, what superficial quality did PC World praise?

Hypothesis: The PlayStation 3 Slim received extremely positive reviews as well as a boost in sales; less than 24 hours after its announcement, PS3 Slim took the number-one bestseller spot on Amazon.com in the video games section for fifteen consecutive days.


Premise: How much of mined cooper has been extracted in the last 24 years?

Hypothesis: As with many natural resources, the total amount of copper on Earth is vast (around 1014 tons just in the top kilometer of Earth's crust, or about 5 million years' worth at the current rate of extraction).


Premise: What is one type of architecture that heavily influenced the New Delhi town plan?

Hypothesis: All other decisions were subordinate to this, and it was this framework that dictated the choice and application of symbology and influences from both Hindu and Islamic architecture.


Premise: Other than the drastic decrease in population, what other issue did the people in Seoul face?

Hypothesis: It was a full-scale, battlefront-length attack staged for maximum exploitation of firepower to kill as many KPA and PVA troops as possible.


Premise: What is the most impressive and famous style of Sumerian buildings?

Hypothesis: The Sumerians also developed the arch, which enabled them to develop a strong type of dome.


Premise: How many plants are endemic to the Succulent Karoo?

Hypothesis: One of these, known as the Succulent Karoo, is home to over 5,000 species of plants, nearly half of them endemic; Approximately 10 percent of the world's succulents are found in the Karoo.


Premise: Over what did Britain have direct control?

Hypothesis: In the aftermath, all power was transferred from the East India Company to the British Crown, which began to administer most of India as a number of provinces.


Premise: What is the island under jurisdiction of?

Hypothesis: The island is under the jurisdiction of the Territorial Clause of the U.S. Constitution, which has led to doubts about the finality of the Commonwealth status for Puerto Rico.


Premise: What material is useful in glassmaking because of its slow evaporation?

Hypothesis: The raw materials for laboratory-scale glass melts are often different from those used in mass production because the cost factor has a low priority.


Premise: Who protested the involvement of Britain and France in a war with Germany?

Hypothesis: Western Communists acted accordingly; while before they supported protecting collective security, now they denounced Britain and France going to war.


Premise: What was the primary religion of Germany?

Hypothesis: Integrating the Austrians nevertheless remained a strong desire for many people of Germany and Austria, especially among the liberals, the social democrats and also the Catholics who were a minority within the Protestant Germany.


Premise: Which theologian described Mariology as "the heresy of the Catholic Church?"

Hypothesis: Within these views, Roman Catholic beliefs and practices are at times rejected, e.g., theologian Karl Barth wrote that "the heresy of the Catholic Church is its Mariology".


Premise: What nationality can tolerate the least amount of electric shock?

Hypothesis: People of Mediterranean origin report as painful some radiant heat intensities that northern Europeans describe as nonpainful.


Premise: How far away is Namibia to the Zambezi River?

Hypothesis: Although it does not border Zimbabwe, a part of less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River (essentially a small bulge in Botswana to achieve a Botswana/Zambia micro-border) separates it from that country.


Premise: Where was Napoleon Bonaparte born?

Hypothesis: Born on Corsica as the French invaded, and dying suspiciously on the tiny British Island of St. Helena, this brilliant commander, controlled a French Empire that, at its height, ruled a large portion of Europe directly from Paris, while many of his friends and family ruled countries such as Spain, Poland, several parts of Italy and many other Kingdoms Republics and dependencies.


Premise: How many students at Notre Dame received the Heisman Trophy?

Hypothesis: The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history.


Premise: What year did Olympic Air receive an award as Top Domestic Airline?

Hypothesis: Both Aegean Airlines and Olympic Air have won awards for their services; in 2009 and 2011, Aegean Airlines was awarded the "Best regional airline in Europe" award by Skytrax, and also has two gold and one silver awards by the ERA, while Olympic Air holds one silver ERA award for "Airline of the Year" as well as a "Condé Nast Traveller 2011


Premise: How much in unpaid taxes did Detroit fail to collect in 2011?

Hypothesis: While some have estimated 20,000 stray dogs roam the city, studies have shown the true number to be around 1,000-3,000.


Premise: A sphere shows what type of antennas radiation?

Hypothesis: The pattern of an ideal isotropic antenna, which radiates equally in all directions, would look like a sphere.


Premise: When did the lodges without prior authorisations apply to be recognized?

Hypothesis: Many lodges came into existence with no warrant from any Grand Lodge, applying and paying for their authorisation only after they were confident of their own survival.


Premise: What name did the first official documents of Victoria's monarchy have her listed as?

Hypothesis: Official documents prepared on the first day of her reign described her as Alexandrina Victoria, but the first name was withdrawn at her own wish and not used again.


Premise: What does Hindu temple architecture try to express?

Hypothesis: The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics.


Premise: What caused the resurface of the Grecian monotony in politics ?

Hypothesis: That new notion of nationhood engendered a deep interest in the classical past culminating in the ideas of the Neoplatonist philosopher Gemistus Pletho, who abandoned Christianity.


Premise: What is another country that stayed mostly feudal and created spectacular architecture for its royalty rather than its burghers?

Hypothesis: Civic building was of great importance to these towns as a sign of wealth and pride.


Premise: Between 1941 and 1946, which left-wing British historian was Assistant Editor for The Times?

Hypothesis: Between 1941 and 1946, the left-wing British historian E.H. Carr was Assistant Editor.


Premise: Who posed the problem of black-body radiation?

Hypothesis: If the object is black, meaning it absorbs all the light that hits it, then its thermal light emission is maximized.


Premise: What do field windings provide?

Hypothesis: Historically, PMs could not be made to retain high flux if they were disassembled; field windings were more practical to obtain the needed amount of flux.


Premise: What battle did Persia lose in 490 BC?

Hypothesis: Attempts by some of the Greek city-states of Asia Minor to overthrow Persian rule failed, and Persia invaded the states of mainland Greece in 492 BC, but was forced to withdraw after a defeat at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC.


Premise: What type of ground could be found in the central Italian peninsula?

Hypothesis: This change is sometimes attributed to Marcus Furius Camillus and placed shortly after the Gallic invasion of 390 BC; it is more likely, however, that they were copied from Rome's Samnite enemies to the south, possibly as a result of Samnite victories during the Second Samnite War (326 to 304 BC).


Premise: For weather updates from The Weather Channel, which of Life's channels would you have visited?

Hypothesis: Along with Folding@home functionality, the application provided access to three other information "channels", the first being the Live Channel offering news headlines and weather which were provided by Google News, The Weather Channel, the University of Wisconsin–Madison Space Science and Engineering Center, among other sources.


Premise: What was camouflaged during World War II?

Hypothesis: During the Cold War the runways and taxiways of some airfields were painted green.


Premise: Where did Centro open it's first store of 2014?

Hypothesis: Lotte, meanwhile, enters the market by inking partnership with Ciputra Group, creating what its called 'Lotte Shopping Avenue' inside the Ciputra World Jakarta complex, as well as acquiring Makro and rebranding it into Lotte Mart.


Premise: Slaves were not allowed to do what?

Hypothesis: Tracing the genealogy of African Americans can be a very difficult process, especially for descendants of Indigenous Americans, because African Americans who were slaves were forbidden to learn to read and write, and a majority of Indigenous Americans neither spoke English, nor read or wrote it.


Premise: What are the other railways being proposed in the state?

Hypothesis: A survey is being conducted to extend this railway line to Kangra (via Nadaun).


Premise: What was the Achaemenid Empire's official language?

Hypothesis: In Greek history, the Achaemenid Empire is considered as the antagonist of the Greek city states, for the emancipation of slaves including the Jewish exiles in Babylon, building infrastructures such as road and postal systems, and the use of an official language, the Imperial Aramaic, throughout its territories.


Premise: When does the mobile library service operate?

Hypothesis: The Education and Employment Directorate also offers programmes for students with special needs, vocational training, adult education, evening classes, and distance learning.


Premise: Where do people take part in mock combat with blank shooting rifles?

Hypothesis: The larger city Carnivals employ costumes, elected queens and parades with floats, but Carnival celebrations in smaller and rural areas vary widely depending on the level of European influence during Mexico's colonial period.


Premise: How many IndyMac account holders held funds in excess of the FDIC's insured amount of US$100,000?

Hypothesis: The FDIC guarantees the funds of all insured accounts up to US$100,000, and has declared a special advance dividend to the roughly 10,000 depositors with funds in excess of the insured amount, guaranteeing 50% of any amounts in excess of $100,000.


Premise: When did Burke's father die?

Hypothesis: The Burke dynasty descends from an Anglo-Norman knight surnamed de Burgh (latinised as de Burgo) who arrived in Ireland in 1185 following Henry II of England's 1171 invasion of Ireland.


Premise: What is possible to run by using Boot camp, even though it is not condoned by Apple?

Hypothesis: Unlike most PCs, however, Macs are unable to run many legacy PC operating systems.


Premise: Who was the mayor of Buenos Aires?

Hypothesis: In the end of the show the mayor of Buenos Aires Mauricio Macri gave the torch to the first torchbearer, Carlos Espínola.


Premise: How many parks are there in the city of Ann Arbor?

Hypothesis: The city contains more than 50,000 trees along its streets and an equal number in parks.


Premise: Why did the term house become popular?

Hypothesis: Larry Heard, a.k.a. "Mr. Fingers", claims that the term "house" became popular due to many of the early DJs creating music in their own homes using synthesizers and drum machines such as the Roland TR-808, TR-909, and the TB 303.[citation needed]


Premise: Ancestors of which tribes lived in Oklahoma?

Hypothesis: Evidence exists that native peoples traveled through Oklahoma as early as the last ice age.


Premise: What occurs in the climatic conditions of Himachal?

Hypothesis: Due to extreme variation in elevation, great variation occurs in the climatic conditions of Himachal .


Premise: In how many countries does Shell have operations?

Hypothesis: It has operations in over 90 countries, produces around 3.1 million barrels of oil equivalent per day and has 44,000 service stations worldwide.


Premise: WWhat's the first thing to happen when the switch is activated?

Hypothesis: When this switch is activated the elevator will come to a stop if moving, car calls will be canceled (and the buttons disabled), and hall calls will be assigned to other elevator cars in the group (or canceled in a single elevator configuration).


Premise: What country did not prevent a Communist victory in China?

Hypothesis: The Soviets had detonated their first nuclear bomb in September 1949; American soldiers had fully withdrawn from Korea; the Americans had not intervened to stop the communist victory in China, and Stalin calculated that the Americans would be even less willing to fight in Korea—which had seemingly much less strategic significance.


Premise: Where was the letter A places in position?

Hypothesis: To keep options available for lowercase letters and other graphics, the special and numeric codes were arranged before the letters, and the letter A was placed in position 41hex to match the draft of the corresponding British standard.:238 §


Premise: What were most szlachtas class?

Hypothesis: A proper magnate should be able to trace noble ancestors back for many generations and own at least 20 villages or estates.


Premise: What force used Sunderland flying boats out of Devonport?

Hypothesis: In the First World War, Devonport was the headquarters of Western Approaches Command until 1941 and Sunderland flying boats were operated by the Royal Australian Air Force.


Premise: What does SFOE stand for?

Hypothesis: The Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) is the office responsible for all questions relating to energy supply and energy use within the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC).


Premise: Who was elected to be the new deputy general secretary of the Communist Part of the Soviet Union in July?

Hypothesis: On June 22, 1990, Volodymyr Ivashko withdrew his candidacy for leader of the Communist Party of Ukraine in view of his new position in parliament.


Premise: Who invited Je Tsongkhapa to come pay tribute?

Hypothesis: When the Ming Yongle Emperor invited Je Tsongkhapa (1357–1419), founder of the Gelug school, to come to the Ming court and pay tribute, the latter declined.


Premise: What name was given to the new residential complex constructed at Washington University?

Hypothesis: In 1957, planning began for the construction of the “South 40,” a complex of modern residential halls.


Premise: From what ideals did Classical architecture emerge?

Hypothesis: Architectural "style" developed in the form of the Classical orders.


Premise: What was the name of another activity like the Crusades occuring on the Iberian peninsula?

Hypothesis: The Crusaders would have a profound impact on many parts of Europe.


Premise: What is a significant portion of the BYU's operating costs subsidized by?

Hypothesis: An education at BYU is also less expensive than at similar private universities, since "a significant portion" of the cost of operating the university is subsidized by the church's tithing funds.


Premise: What was the name of the book that Darwin wrote on emotions?

Hypothesis: Perspectives on emotions from evolutionary theory were initiated in the late 19th century with Charles Darwin's book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals.


Premise: Who opposed Victoria marrying Albert, or any Coburg?

Hypothesis: William IV, however, disapproved of any match with the Coburgs, and instead favoured the suit of Prince Alexander of the Netherlands, second son of the Prince of Orange.


Premise: Who was invested as the leader of the Greek Cypriot population?

Hypothesis: In a reversal from the days of Latin rule, the head of the Church of Cyprus was invested as leader of the Greek Cypriot population and acted as mediator between Christian Greek Cypriots and the Ottoman authorities.


Premise: When was West Farms created?

Hypothesis: In 1846, a new town, West Farms, was created by division of Westchester; in turn, in 1855, the town of Morrisania was created from West Farms.


Premise: Who fired a shot at Queen Victoria's carriage in 1849?

Hypothesis: On 29 May 1842, Victoria was riding in a carriage along The Mall, London, when John Francis aimed a pistol at her but the gun did not fire; he escaped.


Premise: How many contestants were finalists for season 12?

Hypothesis: In season twelve, the top twenty semifinalists were split into gender groups, with five of each gender advancing to form the final 10.


Premise: When someone has an Australian visa and they want to travel to Norfolk Island, where must they depart?

Hypothesis: Holders of Australian visas who travel to Norfolk Island have departed the Australian Migration Zone.


Premise: Where was Madonna raised?

Hypothesis: Madonna later acknowledged that she had not grasped the concept of her mother dying.


Premise: What is NYC's 4th-largest park?

Hypothesis: The Grand Concourse, a wide boulevard, runs through it, north to south.


Premise: How many other towns share a border with Atlantic City?

Hypothesis: The city borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City.


Premise: Who became President of Global Digital Business and US Sales in 2012?

Hypothesis: On October 11, 2011, Doug Morris announced that Mel Lewinter had been named Executive Vice President of Label Strategy.


Premise: About what did the Council of the Church question Athanasius?

Hypothesis: It was Hosius who presided over the Council of Sardica, as he did for the First Council of Nicaea, which like the 341 synod, found Athanasius innocent.


Premise: What does Archibald Sayce think early Sumerian pictograms suggest about the availability of stone?

Hypothesis: According to Archibald Sayce, the primitive pictograms of the early Sumerian (i.e. Uruk) era suggest that "Stone was scarce, but was already cut into blocks and seals.


Premise: How many CDs had been distrubuted worldwide by 2007?

Hypothesis: CDs are increasingly being replaced by other forms of digital storage and distribution, with the result that audio CD sales rates in the U.S. have dropped about 50% from their peak; however, they remain one of the primary distribution methods for the music industry.


Premise: Where did a coup take place?

Hypothesis: Independence was unilaterally declared on 24 September 1973.


Premise: What was the name of Beyoncé's first solo album?

Hypothesis: Their hiatus saw the release of Beyoncé's debut album, Dangerously in Love (2003), which established her as a solo artist worldwide, earned five Grammy Awards and featured the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles "Crazy in Love" and "Baby Boy".


Premise: The study and following of classical writers was said to be a solution to what issue?

Hypothesis: For Petrarch and Boccaccio, the greatest master was Cicero, whose prose became the model for both learned (Latin) and vernacular (Italian) prose.


Premise: What was the new sytle of mandolins inspired from?

Hypothesis: At the very end of the 19th century, a new style, with a carved top and back construction inspired by violin family instruments began to supplant the European-style bowl-back instruments in the United States.


Premise: Who did Kerry's ex-wife remarry?

Hypothesis: Alexandra was born days before Kerry began law school.


Premise: What is the differentiation process driven by?

Hypothesis: The differentiation process is driven by androgen hormones, mainly testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT).


Premise: Along with behavioral inhibition, research on what trait resulted in support for the Action Tendency Model?

Hypothesis: Research that tested the competing hypotheses generated by all four models also supported the Action Tendency Model.


Premise: What law made Valencia the capital of its region?

Hypothesis: On the night of 23 February 1981, shortly after Antonio Tejero had stormed Congress, the Captain General of the Third Military Region, Jaime Milans del Bosch, rose up in Valencia, put tanks on the streets, declared a state of emergency and tried to convince other senior military figures to support the coup.


Premise: How many private colleges does Israel have?

Hypothesis: Israel has nine public universities that are subsidized by the state and 49 private colleges.


Premise: When do many insectivorous birds migrate?

Hypothesis: They land in the morning and may feed for a few days before resuming their migration.


Premise: Where does 24th street start?

Hypothesis: 24th Street is in two parts.


Premise: Do the Docklands, St. Kilda Road, and Southbank areas feature high-density or low-density forms?

Hypothesis: The city centre, Docklands, St. Kilda Road and Southbank areas feature high-density forms.


Premise: African dictators often have what kind of bank accounts?

Hypothesis: Economists argue that one of the factors behind the differing economic development in Africa and Asia is that in Africa, corruption has primarily taken the form of rent extraction with the resulting financial capital moved overseas rather than invested at home (hence the stereotypical, but often accurate, image of African dictators having Swiss bank accounts).


Premise: When was the name Oklahoma suggested?

Hypothesis: Oklahoma later became the de facto name for Oklahoma Territory, and it was officially approved in 1890, two years after the area was opened to white settlers.


Premise: Armenia has closed borders with which two countries?

Hypothesis: By the time both Azerbaijan and Armenia had finally agreed to a ceasefire in 1994, an estimated 30,000 people had been killed and over a million had been displaced.


Premise: What did Wii offer that PS3 couldn't compete with?

Hypothesis: Sony also continued to lose money on each PS3 sold through 2010, although the redesigned "slim" PS3 has cut these losses since then.


Premise: Where are the TImberwolves based?

Hypothesis: Today, NBA teams almost always play each other in the preseason, but mainly at neutral sites within their market areas in order to allow those who can't usually make a trip to a home team's arena during the regular season to see a game close to home; for instance the Minnesota Timberwolves will play games in arenas in North Dakota and South Dakota, while the Phoenix Suns schedule one exhibition game outdoors at Indian Wells Tennis Garden in Indian Wells, California yearly, the only such instance an NBA game takes place in an outdoor venue.


Premise: What other elements of early Iranian languages problematize the east-west division?

Hypothesis: A further complication however concerns the consonant clusters *ćw and *dźw:


Premise: What is the percentage of stoke shift loss in YAG phosphor?

Hypothesis: As of 2010, the most efficient yellow phosphor is still the YAG phosphor, with less than 10% Stoke shift loss.


Premise: What aircraft offers Antarctic Support to the US Air Force?

Hypothesis: Some aircraft serve specialized transportation roles such as executive/embassy support (C-12), Antarctic Support (LC-130H), and USSOCOM support (C-27J, C-145A, and C-146A).


Premise: What type of document could be produced to distribute some of an inheritance?

Hypothesis: Apart from the passing of noble titles or ranks, inheritance practices did not involve primogeniture; each son received an equal share of the family property.


Premise: Which region of Iraq do the Kurds live in?

Hypothesis: Following the ceasefire agreement that suspended hostilities (but not officially ended) in the 1991 Gulf War, the United States and its allies instituted and began patrolling Iraqi no-fly zones, to protect Iraq's Kurdish and Shi'a Arab population—both of which suffered attacks from the Hussein regime before and after the Gulf War—in Iraq's northern and southern regions, respectively.


Premise: Did women in the studys become aroused to heterosexual stimulation?

Hypothesis: Men did not show any sexual arousal to non-human visual stimuli, their arousal patterns being in line with their specific sexual interest (women for heterosexual men and men for homosexual men).


Premise: How fast can Ultra Speed+ CDs write?

Hypothesis: Higher speed CD-RW discs, Ultra Speed (16x to 24x write speed) and Ultra Speed+ (32x write speed) are now available.


Premise: What does wound colonization refer to?

Hypothesis: The difference between an infection and a colonization is often only a matter of circumstance. Non-pathogenic organisms can become pathogenic given specific conditions, and even the most virulent organism requires certain circumstances to cause a compromising infection.


Premise: How much did the US prices deflate in the 1930s?

Hypothesis: The Federal Reserve initially succeeded in maintaining the value of the U.S. dollar and price stability, reversing the inflation caused by the First World War and stabilizing the value of the dollar during the 1920s, before presiding over a 30% deflation in U.S. prices in the 1930s.


Premise: Who was the winner of the 2014 Nobel prize in literature?

Hypothesis: The winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Literature, Patrick Modiano–who lives in Paris–, based most of his literary work on the depiction of the city during World War II and the 1960s-1970s.


Premise: What was the name of the conservative group opposing the Enlightenment?

Hypothesis: Both lines of thought were opposed by the conservative Counter-Enlightenment.


Premise: One of Hayek's supporters served which US president?

Hypothesis: After winning the United Kingdom general election, 1979, Margaret Thatcher appointed Keith Joseph, the director of the Hayekian Centre for Policy Studies, as her secretary of state for industry in an effort to redirect parliament's economic strategies.


Premise: At what institution of higher education is James M. Shuart Stadium located?

Hypothesis: Historically, the city is known for the New York Cosmos, the highly successful former professional soccer team which was the American home of Pelé, one of the world's most famous soccer players.


Premise: Who was the first president of the Republic of China?

Hypothesis: The Xinhai Revolution led to the founding of the Republic of China in January 1912 with Sun Yat-sen as the first provisional president and Nanking was selected as its new capital.


Premise: What was the commercial name of arsphenamine?

Hypothesis: Arsphenamine was prepared as part of a campaign to synthesize a series of such compounds, and found to exhibit partially selective toxicity.


Premise: Israeli exports reached what in 2012?

Hypothesis: Leading exports include electronics, software, computerized systems, communications technology, medical equipment, pharmaceuticals, fruits, chemicals, military technology, and cut diamonds; in 2012, Israeli exports reached $64.74 billion.


Premise: What have doctors noted about some medical conditions in certain racial groups?

Hypothesis: Proponents of the use of racial categories in biomedicine argue that continued use of racial categorizations in biomedical research and clinical practice makes possible the application of new genetic findings, and provides a clue to diagnosis.


Premise: Israel's Supreme court has uses what internal method to review its own decisions?

Hypothesis: The court has broad discretionary authority to rule on matters in which it considers it necessary to grant relief in the interests of justice, and which are not within the jurisdiction of another court or tribunal.


Premise: How many terrawatts of radiation does the earth receive?

Hypothesis: The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet.


Premise: What type of anthropology involves the relatively new area of internet search?

Hypothesis: Other types include cyber anthropology, a relatively new area of internet research, as well as ethnographies of other areas of research which happen to involve media, such as development work, social movements, or health education.


Premise: What was the Gelug not mentioned in?

Hypothesis: Even though the Gelug exchanged gifts with and sent missions to the Ming court up until the 1430s, the Gelug was not mentioned in the Mingshi or the Mingshi Lu.


Premise: What months does the Governor's cup take place?

Hypothesis: In Jamestown a timed run takes place up Jacob's Ladder every year, with people coming from all over the world to take part.


Premise: Who was the president of Notre Dame in 2012?

Hypothesis: As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt.


Premise: vytautas created what for compromising professional warriors?

Hypothesis: In the late 14th century, in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vytautas the Great reformed the Grand Duchy's army: instead of calling all men to arms, he created forces comprising professional warriors—bajorai ("nobles"; see the cognate "boyar").


Premise: What was Gaddafi's coup called?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi took control of the Berka barracks in Benghazi, while Omar Meheisha occupied Tripoli barracks and Jalloud seized the city's anti-aircraft batteries.


Premise: Where did actor Charlton Heston attend school?

Hypothesis: Northwestern's School of Communication has been especially fruitful in the number of actors, actresses, playwrights, and film and television writers and directors it has produced.


Premise: Who helped "graphic novel" get public attention?

Hypothesis: The graphic novel—book-length comics—began to gain attention after Will Eisner popularized the term with his book A Contract with God (1978).


Premise: Malyarchuk said the Mongoloid component of Slavic people was partially added before the split of "Balto-Slavics" in what time period?

Hypothesis: Malyarchuk said that other Slavs "Mongoloid component" was increased during the waves of migration from "steppe populations (Huns, Avars, Bulgars and Mongols)", especially the decay of the "Avar Khaganate".


Premise: USB has become what on other devices?

Hypothesis: USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices.


Premise: When is the earliest hieroglyghics date back?

Hypothesis: The earliest known Lower Egyptian site, Merimda, predates the Badarian by about seven hundred years.


Premise: What is the name of the text that has information regarding Ayurveda?

Hypothesis: Its most famous text is the Suśrutasamhitā of Suśruta, which is notable for describing procedures on various forms of surgery, including rhinoplasty, the repair of torn ear lobes, perineal lithotomy, cataract surgery, and several other excisions and other surgical procedures.


Premise: What do they believe about sexual orientation?

Hypothesis: However, scientific studies have found a number of statistical biological differences between gay people and heterosexuals, which may result from the same underlying cause as sexual orientation itself.


Premise: What does the plan call for all rural Tibetan children to receive for free?

Hypothesis: The plan calls for improvement of rural Tibetan income to national standards by 2020 and free education for all rural Tibetan children.


Premise: Which view treats intellectual property as another type of "real" property?

Hypothesis: This absolute protection or full value view treats intellectual property as another type of "real" property, typically adopting its law and rhetoric.


Premise: Who laid the foundation stone of New Delhi?

Hypothesis: The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931, by India's Viceroy Lord Irwin.


Premise: John Deacon played what instrument?

Hypothesis: It was not until February 1971 that they settled on John Deacon and began to rehearse for their first album.


Premise: Which marshal was closest to Wissembourg?

Hypothesis: He told General Abel Douay, commander of the 2nd Division, on 1 August that "The information I have received makes me suppose that the enemy has no considerable forces very near his advance posts, and has no desire to take the offensive".


Premise: When was oil discovered in the city limits?

Hypothesis: With the 1928 discovery of oil within the city limits (including under the State Capitol), Oklahoma City became a major center of oil production.


Premise: Who wrote the book Khubilai Khan?

Hypothesis: In his Kublai Khan: His Life and Times, Rossabi explains that Kublai "created government institutions that either resembled or were the same as the traditional Chinese ones", and he "wished to signal to the Chinese that he intended to adopt the trappings and style of a Chinese ruler".


Premise: What was one of Arsenal's first major wins?

Hypothesis: Having already won the league twice with Huddersfield Town in 1923–24 and 1924–25 (see Seasons in English football), Chapman brought Arsenal their first period of major success.


Premise: Who wrote the first 12 chapters of the Siddhanta Shiromani?

Hypothesis: The first 12 chapters of the Siddhanta Shiromani, written by Bhāskara in the 12th century, cover topics such as: mean longitudes of the planets; true longitudes of the planets; the three problems of diurnal rotation; syzygies; lunar eclipses; solar eclipses; latitudes of the planets; risings and settings; the moon's crescent; conjunctions of the planets with each other; conjunctions of the planets with the fixed stars; and the patas of the sun and moon.


Premise: In what year did Vasco da Gama sail around India and Africa?

Hypothesis: The rise of the Ottoman Empire, culminating in the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, eroded the last remnants of the Byzantine Empire and cut off trading possibilities with the east.


Premise: How much oil can the Trans-Alaska Pipeline transport per day?

Hypothesis: The Trans-Alaska Pipeline can transport and pump up to 2.1 million barrels (330,000 m3) of crude oil per day, more than any other crude oil pipeline in the United States.


Premise: Who captured Malakoff?

Hypothesis: On 5 September, another French bombardment (the sixth) was followed by an assault by the French Army on 8 September resulting in the capture of the Malakoff by the French, and following their failure to retake it, the collapse of the Russian defences.


Premise: What did Nasser move to the canal zone?

Hypothesis: Nasser had initially rejected the plan, but conceded under pressure from the Soviet Union, which feared that escalating regional conflict could drag it into a war with the US.


Premise: When did the battle for Mexico City take place

Hypothesis: The Battle for Mexico City was the series of engagements from September 8 to September 15, 1847, in the general vicinity of Mexico City during the Mexican–American War.


Premise: What was Glover's first single?

Hypothesis: Glover sold poorly with her debut album, and this is also the first season that the runner-up was not signed by a music label.


Premise: Who called Beyonce the World's most Beautiful Woman?

Hypothesis: In January 2013, GQ placed her on its cover, featuring her atop its "100 Sexiest Women of the 21st Century" list.


Premise: Who was sent to Switzerland?

Hypothesis: Between April and June, hundreds of Naguib's supporters in the military were either arrested or dismissed, and Mohieddin was informally exiled to Switzerland to represent the RCC abroad.


Premise: What effects can wrestling have on the wrestlers?

Hypothesis: For many decades (and still to a lesser extent today), performers were expected to keep the illusions of wrestling's legitimacy alive even while not performing, essentially acting in character any time they were in public.


Premise: What rail trail is slated to run between downtown New Haven and Northampton, Massachusetts?

Hypothesis: Currently, there is a continuous 14-mile (23 km) stretch of the trail from downtown, through Hamden and into Cheshire, making bicycle commuting between New Haven and those suburbs possible.


Premise: What was the secret code name for Kinect while in development?

Hypothesis: During their CES 2010 keynote speech, Robbie Bach and Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer went on to say that Kinect will be released during the holiday period (November–January) and it will work with every 360 console.


Premise: Some people may not report pain because they think it's a sign what is near?

Hypothesis: They may not report pain because they feel it is a sign that death is near.


Premise: When did the tradition of people carrying the Olympic torch before the Olympic games begin?

Hypothesis: The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of "one world, one dream".


Premise: How many cities of those the LEAA studied showed any reduction in crime?

Hypothesis: Outdoor lighting has a marginal and sometimes even contradictory influence on crime and fear of crime.


Premise: During "The Troubles", who waged assaults via bombings on London?

Hypothesis: Primarily starting in the mid-1960s, London became a centre for the worldwide youth culture, exemplified by the Swinging London subculture associated with the King's Road, Chelsea and Carnaby Street.


Premise: How many credits were needed for an M.Sc. from a traditional university prior to the Bologna Process?

Hypothesis: The credits between Universities of Technology and normal universities are comparable.