Premise: Who felt that since atheists gave themselves no Supreme Authority and no law, they were more likely to disrupt society?

Hypothesis: That is, since atheists gave themselves to no Supreme Authority and no law, and had no fear of eternal consequences, they were far more likely to disrupt society.


Premise: What downtown New Haven restaurant was cited by the New York Times, Esquire and Wine Spectator for its outstanding Spanish cuisine?

Hypothesis: The downtown area provides about half of the city's jobs and half of its tax base and in recent years has become filled with dozens of new upscale restaurants, several of which have garnered national praise (such as Ibiza, recognized by Esquire and Wine Spectator magazines as well as the New York Times as the best Spanish food in the country), in addition to shops and thousands of apartments and condominium units which subsequently help overall growth of the city.


Premise: What did David Lloyd George's coalition government reject in 1921?

Hypothesis: The formation of a united ministry of defence was rejected by David Lloyd George's coalition government in 1921; but the Chiefs of Staff Committee was formed in 1923, for the purposes of inter-Service co-ordination.


Premise: How many dorms for males are on the Notre Dame campus?

Hypothesis: There are no traditional social fraternities or sororities at the university, but a majority of students live in the same residence hall for all four years.


Premise: What acts like a liquid but is under the freezing temperature?

Hypothesis: The change in heat capacity at a glass transition and a melting transition of comparable materials are typically of the same order of magnitude, indicating that the change in active degrees of freedom is comparable as well.


Premise: Who administered the minority groups?

Hypothesis: In addition to the six boards, there was a Lifan Yuan unique to the Qing government.


Premise: Which train line do the 1 2 trains serve?

Hypothesis: There used to be an 18th Street station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line at the crossing with Park Avenue South.


Premise: When did iTunes become a sponsor on American Idol?

Hypothesis: All five of these albums reached the top ten in Billboard 200 which made then American Idol the most successful soundtrack franchise of any motion picture or television program.


Premise: In pronunciation what is Catalan different from?

Hypothesis: Catalan shares many traits with the other neighboring Romance languages (Italian, Sardinian, Occitan, and Spanish).


Premise: Where were idioms and vocabulary imported from?

Hypothesis: Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated.


Premise: In what years was CP1251 encoding used in most Russian online usage?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, the spread of MS-DOS and OS/2 (IBM866), traditional Macintosh (ISO/IEC 8859-5) and Microsoft Windows (CP1251) created chaos and ended by establishing different encodings as de facto standards, with Windows-1251 becoming a de facto standard in Russian Internet and e-mail communication during the period of roughly 1995–2005.


Premise: When were the 18th and 19th satellites for the BeiDou system launched?

Hypothesis: On July 25, 2015, the 18th and 19th satellites were successfully launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, marking the first time for China to launch two satellites at once on top of a Long March 3B/Expedition-1 carrier rocket.


Premise: Why might more than 500 crimes have occurred each day at the turn of the century instead of the officially reported number?

Hypothesis: Some of the policies enacted included the installation of 11,000 security cameras around the city and a very large expansion of the police force.


Premise: What numeral system originated in India?

Hypothesis: Early Hindu numerals had only nine symbols, until 600 to 800 CE, when a symbol for zero was developed for the numeral system.


Premise: When was the 2nd edition of Burke's book published?

Hypothesis: Some reviewers failed to notice the ironic nature of the book, which led to Burke stating in the preface to the second edition (1757) that it was a satire.


Premise: What larger group does political science belong to?

Hypothesis: Political science is a late arrival in terms of social sciences[citation needed].


Premise: What is the ratio between muscle and fat among post-pubertal boys?

Hypothesis: Before puberty, there are nearly no sex differences in fat and muscle distribution; during puberty, boys grow muscle much faster than girls, although both sexes experience rapid muscle development.


Premise: Where did Kanye receive a scholarship to attend?

Hypothesis: After graduating from high school, West received a scholarship to attend Chicago's American Academy of Art in 1997 and began taking painting classes, but shortly after transferred to Chicago State University to study English.


Premise: What tool does DNA based diagnostics use?

Hypothesis: Diagnostics using DNA-based tools, such as polymerase chain reaction, are increasingly popular due to their specificity and speed, compared to culture-based methods.


Premise: When TCM premiered, what was AMC called?

Hypothesis: The network originally served as a competitor to AMC – which at the time was known as "American Movie Classics" and maintained a virtually identical format to TCM, as both networks largely focused on films released prior to 1970 and aired them in an uncut, uncolorized, and commercial-free format.


Premise: In what year did the cantonalist uprising occur?

Hypothesis: During the Cantonal Revolution of 1873, a cantonalist uprising that took place during the First Spanish Republic, the city was consolidated with most of the nearby cities in the Federal Canton of Valencia (proclaimed on 19 July and dissolved on 7 August).


Premise: "Crisis" comes from a Greek word meaning what?

Hypothesis: Some controversies that have shaped Baptists include the "missions crisis", the "slavery crisis", the "landmark crisis", and the "modernist crisis".


Premise: What year were most Presbyterians in Scotland reunited?

Hypothesis: However, with the Glorious Revolution of 1688 the Church of Scotland was finally unequivocally recognised as a Presbyterian institution by the monarch due to Scottish Presbyterian support for the aforementioned revolution and the Acts of Union 1707 between Scotland and England guaranteed the Church of Scotland's form of government.


Premise: What did the ECB do to help stabilise the financial system during the subprime mortgage crisis?

Hypothesis: In December 2007, the ECB decided in conjunction with the Federal Reserve System under a programme called Term auction facility to improve dollar liquidity in the eurozone and to stabilise the money market.


Premise: Modern dogs likely began when human beings were considered to be what?

Hypothesis: Modern dogs are more closely related to ancient wolf fossils that have been found in Europe than they are to modern gray wolves.


Premise: What can take advantage of these elements to add more gain?

Hypothesis: A Yagi-Uda array uses passive elements to greatly increase gain.


Premise: In what year did Hudson's address the issue of parking within cities?

Hypothesis: After World War II Hudson's realized that the limited parking space at its downtown skyscraper would increasingly be a problem for its customers.


Premise: How many plant species are close to extinction?

Hypothesis: Of these, about one eighth of known plant species are threatened with extinction.


Premise: Why does basing sexual orientation on one component cause problems?

Hypothesis: Because of the limited populations that each component captures, consumers of research should be cautious in generalizing these findings.


Premise: When was the Valencian regional exhibition held?

Hypothesis: The new century was marked in Valencia with a major event, the Valencian regional exhibition of 1909 (La Exposición Regional Valenciana de 1909), which emulated the national and universal expositions held in other cities.


Premise: How many reserve police officers do the Charleston Police Department have?

Hypothesis: The City of Charleston Police Department, with a total of 452 sworn officers, 137 civilians, and 27 reserve police officers, is South Carolina's largest police department.


Premise: Bushi formed new associations in what century?

Hypothesis: In time, large regional military families formed around members of the court aristocracy who had become prominent provincial figures.


Premise: Which village had fallen into decay but the 17th century?

Hypothesis: By then, the old village of Eye Cross had long since fallen into decay, and the area was mostly wasteland.


Premise: In 1986, what did Apple introduce to allow developers to create software for Macintosh on Macintosh?

Hypothesis: In August 1987, Apple unveiled HyperCard and MultiFinder, which added cooperative multitasking to the Macintosh.


Premise: In what year did The Greek Uprising take place?

Hypothesis: The disbandment of the centuries-old Janissary corps by Sultan Mahmud II on 15 June 1826 (Auspicious Incident) was a good deed for the country in the longer term, but it has deprived the country from its army forces for the nearest future.


Premise: What emperor forced the Germanic tribes to the east side of the Rhine?

Hypothesis: Conflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine.


Premise: Does New Mexico have an official language?

Hypothesis: Spanish has been spoken in the New Mexico-Colorado border and the contemporary U.S.–Mexico border since the 16th century.[citation needed]


Premise: What purpose did stelae serve?

Hypothesis: It is also the alleged resting place of the Ark of the Covenant and the purported home of the Queen of Sheba.


Premise: Instead of being language-specific what kind of tools are the principles of phonological analysis designed to be?

Hypothesis: The same principles have been applied to the analysis of sign languages (see Phonemes in sign languages), even though the sub-lexical units are not instantiated as speech sounds.


Premise: What professional soccer organization is headquartered in New York?

Hypothesis: Participation in professional sports in the city predates all professional leagues, and the city has been continuously hosting professional sports since the birth of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1882.


Premise: Is there a universal definition of astham?

Hypothesis: It is defined by the Global Initiative for Asthma as "a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role.


Premise: What has been a cause of mass parrot poisonings attributed to zinc?

Hypothesis: Zinc is highly toxic in parrots and poisoning can often be fatal.


Premise: How much did Barcelona pay to acquire Johan Cruyff?

Hypothesis: Already an established player with Ajax, Cruyff quickly won over the Barcelona fans when he told the European press that he chose Barcelona over Real Madrid because he could not play for a club associated with Francisco Franco.


Premise: What aspects of Roman religion influenced Christian forms?

Hypothesis: Heretics as well as non-Christians were subject to exclusion from public life or persecution, but Rome's original religious hierarchy and many aspects of its ritual influenced Christian forms, and many pre-Christian beliefs and practices survived in Christian festivals and local traditions.


Premise: Where can safari hunters go which are uninviting to the less hardcore ecotourist?

Hypothesis: In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist.


Premise: Which third-highest-ranking al-Qaeda officer was captured?

Hypothesis: Other prominent al-Qaeda members were arrested in the following two years, namely Ramzi bin al-Shibh, who is known to have been a financial backer of al-Qaeda operations, and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who at the time of his capture was the third highest-ranking official in al-Qaeda and had been directly in charge of the planning for the 11 September attacks.


Premise: Where are regulated future exchanges located?

Hypothesis: However, the IntercontinentalExchange (ICE) had been regulated by both European and U.S. authorities since its purchase of the International Petroleum Exchange in 2001.


Premise: What does the Federal Reserve target?

Hypothesis: For example, in the case of the United States the Federal Reserve targets the federal funds rate, the rate at which member banks lend to one another overnight.


Premise: Name one way  regulars choose their Pubs?

Hypothesis: The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord.


Premise: What's the third largest sector providing jobs in Southampton?

Hypothesis: Just over a quarter of the jobs available in the city are in the health and education sector.


Premise: What year was the Medical Research Council created?

Hypothesis: Improvements in public health began significantly reducing rates of tuberculosis even before the arrival of streptomycin and other antibiotics, although the disease remained a significant threat to public health such that when the Medical Research Council was formed in Britain in 1913, its initial focus was tuberculosis research.


Premise: How many tornadoes does North Carolina have per year?

Hypothesis: The western Piedmont is often protected by the mountains, which tend to break up storms as they try to cross over; the storms will often re-form farther east.


Premise: What monopolistic practice draws criticism of Comcast?

Hypothesis: Comcast has violated net neutrality practices in the past; and, despite Comcast's commitment to a narrow definition of net neutrality, critics advocate a definition of which precludes distinction between Comcast's private network services and the rest of the Internet.


Premise: What structure was referred to as a "Palmerston's Folly"?

Hypothesis: On the northern outskirts of the city, Crownhill Fort is a well restored example of a "Palmerston's Folly".


Premise: What are spiral screws used for?

Hypothesis: The conveyor often includes partitions to ensure that the material moves forward.


Premise: In what year was the Arab Revolutionary Front founded?

Hypothesis: The influence of Nasser's Arab nationalism over the RCC was immediately apparent.


Premise: What did Jacques Chirac have built?

Hypothesis: Valéry Giscard d'Estaing began the Musée d'Orsay (1986); President François Mitterrand, in power for 14 years, built the Opéra Bastille (1985-1989), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (1996), the Arche de la Défense (1985-1989), and the Louvre Pyramid with its underground courtyard (1983-1989); Jacques Chirac (2006), the Musée du quai Branly.


Premise: What may be contracted into single characters?

Hypothesis: In certain cases compound words and set phrases may be contracted into single characters.


Premise: What movement made a permanent mark on Protestantism in the U.S.?

Hypothesis: Pulling away from ritual, ceremony, sacramentalism and hierarchy, it made Christianity intensely personal to the average person by fostering a deep sense of spiritual conviction and redemption, and by encouraging introspection and a commitment to a new standard of personal morality.


Premise: What is Tucson's ABC station?

Hypothesis: KUAT-TV 6 is a PBS affiliate run by the University of Arizona (as is sister station KUAS 27).


Premise: Who change the Iraqi legal and penal code in 1980?

Hypothesis: Professor Andrew Prescott of the University of Sheffield writes: "Since at least the time of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, antisemitism has gone hand in hand with anti-masonry, so it is not surprising that allegations that 11 September was a Zionist plot have been accompanied by suggestions that the attacks were inspired by a masonic world order".


Premise: What were the primary contaminants contained in the pollution discharged into the Housatonic River?

Hypothesis: Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1260, made by Monsanto was the primary contaminant of the pollution.


Premise: When did Elizabeth start to bear a coat of royal arms?

Hypothesis: Upon her accession, she inherited the various arms her father held as sovereign.


Premise: What era was underway 505 million years ago?

Hypothesis: Polychaetes diversified in the early Ordovician, about 488 to 474 million years ago.


Premise: How are words ordered in Estonian canonically?

Hypothesis: Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language.


Premise: Alsace was one of the few to vote for this measure from France, what was it?

Hypothesis: It is one of just two régions in metropolitan France where the conservative right won the 2004 région elections and thus controls the Alsace Regional Council.


Premise: What individuals are particularly susceptible to opportunistic infections?

Hypothesis: Those who are weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections.


Premise: What is the average household size in the city of Ann Arbor?

Hypothesis: The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.90.


Premise: What features about the ditches suggests that it was built by people under a leader's command?

Hypothesis: Families and households were still largely independent economically, and the household was probably the center of life.


Premise: What was the island a source of for ships travelling from Asia to Europe?

Hypothesis: Though they formed no permanent settlement, the island was an important rendezvous point and source of food for ships travelling from Asia to Europe, and frequently sick mariners were left on the island to recover, before taking passage on the next ship to call on the island.


Premise: What era was from 1400 to 1600?

Hypothesis: The Renaissance era was from 1400 to 1600.


Premise: After what year was the Legio VIII Augusta permanently stationed in Argentoratum?

Hypothesis: From the year 90 on, the Legio VIII Augusta was permanently stationed in the Roman camp of Argentoratum.


Premise: How many millions of years ago had Homo erectus spread throughout Europa and Asia?

Hypothesis: Homo erectus is theorized to have evolved more than 1.8 million years ago, and by 1.5 million years ago had spread throughout Europe and Asia.


Premise: Where were most of the nations who had the strongest military after World War I?

Hypothesis: World War I demonstrated that aircraft could be an important part of the battlefield, but in some nations it was the prospect of strategic air attack that was the main issue, presenting both a threat and an opportunity.


Premise: The contacts and address book for Smartzone was called what?

Hypothesis: The address book is Comcast Plaxo software.


Premise: How do renewable energies acquire energy from the sun?

Hypothesis: Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator.


Premise: The seal of quality took on what eventual name?

Hypothesis: The initial seal stated, "This seal is your assurance that Nintendo has approved and guaranteed the quality of this product".


Premise: What tool is often used in measuring the thickness of paper?

Hypothesis: Paper may be between 0.07 and 0.18 millimetres (0.0028 and 0.0071 in) thick.


Premise: What was the group called that owed labour duty to the princes?

Hypothesis: In some cases, the veche either made agreements with their rulers or expelled them and invited others to take their place.


Premise: How many miles long is Antarctica's coast line?

Hypothesis: The coastline measures 17,968 km (11,165 mi) and is mostly characterized by ice formations, as the following table shows:


Premise: What are ganglia?

Hypothesis: The brain generally forms a ring round the pharynx (throat), consisting of a pair of ganglia (local control centers) above and in front of the pharynx, linked by nerve cords either side of the pharynx to another pair of ganglia just below and behind it.


Premise: When was "The Adventures of Tintin" serialized?

Hypothesis: The Adventures of Tintin, with its signature clear line style, was first serialized in newspaper comics supplements beginning in 1929, and became an icon of Franco-Belgian comics.


Premise: Who was a mentor for the contestants in Season 10?

Hypothesis: In season ten, Jimmy Iovine was brought in as a mentor for the season.


Premise: 20th century literature reacted to the objectivity of naturalism in the 19th century to what?

Hypothesis: Much of the output of naturalism was implicitly polemical, and influenced social and political change, but 20th century fiction and drama moved back towards the subjective, emphasising unconscious motivations and social and environmental pressures on the individual.


Premise: Between 2005 and 2011, how many 360 consoles were sold in Japan?

Hypothesis: Edge magazine reported in August 2011 that initially lackluster and subsequently falling sales in Japan, where Microsoft had been unable to make serious inroads into the dominance of domestic rivals Sony and Nintendo, had led to retailers scaling down and in some cases discontinuing sales of the Xbox 360 completely.


Premise: When did poster art become an important art form?

Hypothesis: Photography came to occupy a central role in Parisian Surrealist activity, in the works of Man Ray and Maurice Tabard.


Premise: When did Armenian writing begin?

Hypothesis: As Armenian history of the 1920s and of the Genocide came to be more openly discussed, writers like Paruyr Sevak, Gevork Emin, Silva Kaputikyan and Hovhannes Shiraz began a new era of literature.


Premise: For how long did the Northern cod fishery provide a stable economy for St. John's?

Hypothesis: As a result, the St. John's area now accounts for about half of the province's economic output.


Premise: Who concluded that Serbo-Croatian is a pluricentric language?

Hypothesis: Enisa Kafadar argues that there is only one Serbo-Croatian language with several varieties.


Premise: What general species of animal was the marine reserve designed to protect?

Hypothesis: Saint-Barthélemy has a marine nature reserve, known as the Reserve Naturelle that covers 1.200 ha, and is divided into 5 zones all around the island to form a network of protected areas.


Premise: Who was President of the Christian Unity Secretariat?

Hypothesis: Cardinal Augustin Bea, the President of the Christian Unity Secretariat, always had the full support of Paul VI in his attempts to ensure that the Council language was friendly and open to the sensitivities of Protestant and Orthodox Churches, whom he had invited to all sessions at the request of Pope John XXIII.


Premise: When was the Casas Adobes Plaza built?

Hypothesis: Casas Adobes is centered on the historic Casas Adobes Plaza (built in 1948).


Premise: When were the styles of arts created?

Hypothesis: The notion of style in the arts was not developed until the 16th century, with the writing of Vasari: by the 18th century, his Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects had been translated into Italian, French, Spanish and English.


Premise: When did the Court of Justice of the EU make a ruling about distinction?

Hypothesis: However, in April 2014, the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that "national legislation which makes no distinction between private copies made from lawful sources and those made from counterfeited or pirated sources cannot be tolerated."


Premise: What are these enlisted positions in the USAF complimented by?

Hypothesis: Other career fields that have seen increasing exposure to combat include civil engineers, vehicle operators, and Air Force Office of Special Investigations (AFOSI) personnel.


Premise: When did Kenya become independent?

Hypothesis: These regions were occupied by "the brown men," with the yellow in the Far East and the black in Africa.


Premise: Who designed the pavilion at the State Summer Residence?

Hypothesis: The pavilion was designed by Jože Plečnik, and included a zoo.


Premise: What was the trajectory of Astrology during Hellenistic times?

Hypothesis: Also developed in this era was the complex system of astrology, which sought to determine a person's character and future in the movements of the sun, moon, and planets.


Premise: Which conquistador from Spain conquered the Aztec Empire?

Hypothesis: When the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés and his soldiers conquered the Aztec Empire in 1519-1521, they discovered slowly that the Aztecs had another treasure beside silver and gold; they had the tiny cochineal, a parasitic scale insect which lived on cactus plants, which, when dried and crushed, made a magnificent red.


Premise: Who was against the divine rights of kings in England during the 1500s?

Hypothesis: In the Old Testament, there was some language in Deuteronomy imposing restrictions on the Jewish king, regarding such things as how many wives he could have, and how many horses he could own for his personal use.


Premise: What political party did not have trust in standing armies?

Hypothesis: However, because of continuing conflict with Native Americans, it was soon realized that it was necessary to field a trained standing army.


Premise: What type of radiation makes up the majority of tungsten filament emissions?

Hypothesis: Tungsten filaments radiate mostly infrared radiation at temperatures where they remain solid – below 3,695 K (3,422 °C; 6,191 °F).


Premise: What event in the year 1090 could have had an effect on Medieval Europe's embracing of the pointed arch?

Hypothesis: Certainly, in those parts of the Western Mediterranean subject to Islamic control or influence, rich regional variants arose, fusing Romanesque and later Gothic traditions with Islamic decorative forms, as seen, for example, in Monreale and Cefalù Cathedrals, the Alcázar of Seville, and Teruel Cathedral.


Premise: The sections of the palm leafs were bound by what material?

Hypothesis: Note each palm leaf section was only several lines, written longitudinally across the leaf, and bound by twine to the other sections.


Premise: Whose works served as inspiration for the title of Road to Serfdom?

Hypothesis: The title was inspired by the French classical liberal thinker Alexis de Tocqueville's writings on the "road to servitude.


Premise: How had some State employees described Kerry?

Hypothesis: Career State Department officials have complained that power has become too centralized under Kerry's leadership, which slows department operations when Kerry is on one of his frequent overseas trips.


Premise: How much higher is the rate of execution in Texas versus the national average?

Hypothesis: Texas gave 2 percent of murderers a death sentence, less than the national average.


Premise: How many nuclear warheads were stored at the Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic station?

Hypothesis: At the 1996 closure of the station's Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic (POMFLANT), over 2,500 nuclear warheads and their UGM-27 Polaris, UGM-73 Poseidon, and UGM-96


Premise: Sergei Diaghilev obtained additional orchestrations for subsequent productions, using which title?

Hypothesis: Chopin's music was used in the 1909 ballet Chopiniana, choreographed by Michel Fokine and orchestrated by Alexander Glazunov.


Premise: Which Hindu philosophy concerns dualism?

Hypothesis: Some sub-schools share Tantric ideas with those found in some Buddhist traditions.


Premise: How many runways will be in the new airport?

Hypothesis: Goals are to eventually handle 120 million passengers a year, which would make it the busiest airport in the world.


Premise: How many square kilometers is Rajasthan?

Hypothesis: Its features include the ruins of the Indus Valley Civilization at Kalibanga; the Dilwara Temples, a Jain pilgrimage site at Rajasthan's only hill station, Mount Abu, in the ancient Aravalli mountain range; and, in eastern Rajasthan, the Keoladeo National Park near Bharatpur, a World Heritage Site known for its bird life.


Premise: At what time of day is the quiet storm format played?

Hypothesis: The music that is played is strictly ballads and slow jams, mostly but not limited to Black and Latino artists.


Premise: When did Chronicle rival newspaper, the Houston Post, cease operations?

Hypothesis: Houston is served by the Houston Chronicle, its only major daily newspaper with wide distribution.


Premise: Muslims representing 200,000 of what group fled to Dobruja?

Hypothesis: By the time the Ottoman Empire came to an end in 1922, half of the urban population of Turkey was descended from Muslim refugees from Russia.


Premise: THe polish nobility had many positives compared to others including what?

Hypothesis: The Polish nobility enjoyed many rights that were not available to the noble classes of other countries and, typically, each new monarch conceded them further privileges.


Premise: How many vice presidents do most universities have?

Hypothesis: Although each institution is organized differently, nearly all universities have a board of trustees; a president, chancellor, or rector; at least one vice president, vice-chancellor, or vice-rector; and deans of various divisions.


Premise: What race was later renamed to Negroid?

Hypothesis: The 1775 treatise "The Natural Varieties of Mankind", by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach proposed five major divisions: the Caucasoid race, Mongoloid race, Ethiopian race (later termed Negroid, and not to be confused with the narrower Ethiopid race), American Indian race, and Malayan race, but he did not propose any hierarchy among the races.


Premise: When did Fox announce the following season would be Idol's last?

Hypothesis: On May 11, 2015, prior to the fourteenth season finale, Fox announced that the fifteenth season of American Idol would be its last.


Premise: Do chickens die in the sport of cockfighting?

Hypothesis: Two mature males (cocks or roosters) are set to fight each other, and will do so with great vigour until one is critically injured or killed.


Premise: What well-known musician was once part of the college a capella group The Counterparts?

Hypothesis: However the longest continuously-singing group is probably The Whiffenpoofs of Yale University, which was formed in 1909 and once included Cole Porter as a member.


Premise: Who did the St. Olaf Choir influence?

Hypothesis: The success of the ensemble was emulated by other regional conductors, and a rich tradition of a cappella choral music was born in the region at colleges like Concordia College (Moorhead, Minnesota), Augustana College (Rock Island, Illinois), Wartburg College (Waverly, Iowa), Luther College (Decorah, Iowa), Gustavus Adolphus College (St. Peter, Minnesota), Augustana College (Sioux Falls, South Dakota), and Augsburg College (Minneapolis, Minnesota).


Premise: What is the average household size in the city of Ann Arbor?

Hypothesis: 35.5% of households were made up of individuals and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.


Premise: What battle marks the end of Diodorus Siculus' work?

Hypothesis: The most important source after Polybius is Diodorus Siculus who wrote his Bibliotheca historica between 60 and 30 BCE and reproduced some important earlier sources such as Hieronymus, but his account of the Hellenistic period breaks off after the battle of Ipsus (301).


Premise: Why was there critcism of the elite clubs?

Hypothesis: Criticism of the gap between an elite group of "super clubs" and the majority of the Premier League has continued, nevertheless, due to their increasing ability to spend more than the other Premier League clubs.


Premise: What famous cleric was a supporter of Barcelona?

Hypothesis: Among the best supported teams globally, Barcelona has the highest social media following in the world among sports teams, with over 90 million Facebook fans as of February 2016.


Premise: What spirit did Dominic give to his followers?

Hypothesis: It is that spirit which [Dominic] bequeathed to his followers".


Premise: What was Avicenna's mother's name?

Hypothesis: His mother, named Setareh, was from Bukhara; his father, Abdullah, was a respected Ismaili scholar from Balkh, an important town of the Samanid Empire, in what is today Balkh Province, Afghanistan, although this is not universally agreed upon.


Premise: When did the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine run its first program?

Hypothesis: The Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine, nicknamed Baby, was the world's first stored-program computer.


Premise: How do most people dress in the larger cities of Eritrea?

Hypothesis: In the larger cities, most people dress in Western casual dress such as jeans and shirts.


Premise: In what month did Tucson get the most rain?

Hypothesis: The most rainfall in one month was 7.93 in (201 mm) in August 1955.


Premise: What did indigenous people that lived in Santa Monica call it previously?

Hypothesis: Santa Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people.


Premise: The cultivation of dana and what kind of conduct refine consciousness?

Hypothesis: There is nothing improper or un-Buddhist about limiting one's aims to this level of attainment.


Premise: Which articles in the Norwegian Constitution allow the monarch to reject a bill that has been passed through the Sorting?

Hypothesis: Should the sovereign ever choose to exercise this privilege, Article 79 provides a means by which his veto may be over-ridden: "If a Bill has been passed unaltered by two sessions of the Storting, constituted after two separate successive elections and separated from each other by at least two intervening sessions of the Storting, without a divergent Bill having been passed by any Storting in the period between the first and last adoption, and it is then submitted to the King with a petition that His Majesty shall not refuse his assent to a Bill which, after the most mature deliberation, the Storting considers to be beneficial, it shall become law even if the Royal Assent is not accorded before the Storting goes into recess."


Premise: The Western bias is that what form is more authoritative?

Hypothesis: Simply asking native cultures to 'write down' their cultural artifacts on tangible mediums ignores their necessary orality and enforces a Western bias of the written form as more authoritative.


Premise: What percent of the population are unable to eat unfermented milk-based foods?

Hypothesis: Lactose intolerance varies widely by ethnic heritage; more than 90 percent of peoples of east Asian descent are lactose intolerant, in contrast to about 5 percent of people of northern European descent.


Premise: How much desert land is the Sahara?

Hypothesis: Nowhere else on Earth has air been found as dry and evaporative as in the Sahara region.


Premise: Name examples of usual formal business that Freemasons have at their lodge.

Hypothesis: The Lodge meets regularly to conduct the usual formal business of any small organisation (pay bills, organise social and charitable events, elect new members, etc.).


Premise: How many people watched the second season premiere of American Idol?

Hypothesis: The growth continued into the next season, starting with a season premiere of 26.5 million.


Premise: What type of institute does secondary education also include?

Hypothesis: Post-compulsory secondary education also includes vocational training institutes (Ινστιτούτα Επαγγελματικής Κατάρτισης, "IEK") which provide a formal but unclassified level of education.


Premise: To what did the Christian church equate the peace of the emperors?

Hypothesis: I favoured the "Catholic Church of the Christians" against the Donatists because:


Premise: What is the 2014 population?

Hypothesis: According to the 2014 United States Census estimates, there were 1,560,297 people residing in the City of Philadelphia, representing a 2.2% increase since 2010.


Premise: What was the historical range of the whooping crane?

Hypothesis: The species' historical range extended from central Canada South to Mexico, and from Utah to the Atlantic coast.


Premise: During what time period was Ottoman literate most influenced by the west?

Hypothesis: Due to historically close ties with France, French literature came to constitute the major Western influence on Ottoman literature throughout the latter half of the 19th century.


Premise: Parts of the Brighton Banqueting and Music Rooms from Brighton Pavilion make up which Buckingham Room?

Hypothesis: The Yellow Drawing Room has wallpaper supplied in 1817 for the Brighton Saloon, and a chimney piece which is a European vision of how the Chinese chimney piece may appear.


Premise: The 1919 riot involving Popper's comrades was part of what larger political move?

Hypothesis: An event that happened in 1919 had a profound effect on him: During a riot, caused by the Communists, the police shot several unarmed people, including some of Popper's friends, when they tried to free party comrades from prison.


Premise: At what temperature does a thermal radiator most efficiently produce light?

Hypothesis: No known material can be used as a filament at this ideal temperature, which is hotter than the sun's surface.


Premise: What desert constitutes most of Egypt territory?

Hypothesis: The large regions of the Sahara desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited.


Premise: What was the first song released off of Kanye's fourth album?

Hypothesis: Recorded mostly in Honolulu, Hawaii in three weeks, West announced his fourth album, 808s & Heartbreak, at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards, where he performed its lead single, "Love Lockdown".


Premise: In 1750 how many regular troops did the  EIC  have?

Hypothesis: In its first century and half, the EIC used a few hundred soldiers as guards.


Premise: What allows BYU students to pursue summer internships earlier than most college students?

Hypothesis: BYU also manages some courses and majors through the David M. Kennedy Center for International Studies and "miscellaneous" college departments, including Undergraduate Education, Graduate Studies, Independent Study, Continuing Education, and the Honors Program.


Premise: How did mexican nobles spend money in Mexico City?

Hypothesis: Many of these palaces can still be seen today, leading to Mexico City's nickname of "The city of palaces" given by Alexander Von Humboldt.


Premise: Where does Namibia rank in the exportation of uranium?

Hypothesis: There has been significant investment in uranium mining and Namibia is set to become the largest exporter of uranium by 2015.


Premise: Who wrote the Sarva-darśana-samgraha?

Hypothesis: The materialistic Cārvāka philosophy appears to have died out some time after 1400.


Premise: What is Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University earned?

Hypothesis: Further, state-run Jawaharlal Nehru Government Engineering College started in 2006 at Sundernagar.


Premise: What did Augustus wish to do for Roman religion?

Hypothesis: In his Fasti, a long-form poem covering Roman holidays from January to June, Ovid presents a unique look at Roman antiquarian lore, popular customs, and religious practice that is by turns imaginative, entertaining, high-minded, and scurrilous; not a priestly account, despite the speaker's pose as a vates or inspired poet-prophet, but a work of description, imagination and poetic etymology that reflects the broad humor and burlesque spirit of such venerable festivals as the Saturnalia, Consualia, and feast of Anna Perenna on the Ides of March, where Ovid treats the assassination of the newly deified Julius Caesar as utterly incidental to the festivities among the Roman people.


Premise: Capitalism can be referred to as what process?

Hypothesis: Watching television in order to view a public perspective on a historical event should not be thought of as culture, unless referring to the medium of television itself, which may have been selected culturally; however, schoolchildren watching television after school with their friends in order to "fit in" certainly qualifies, since there is no grounded reason for one's participation in this practice.


Premise: What Jewish affiliation did his parents hold?

Hypothesis: His family originated from Russia and Poland; both of his parents were Ashkenazi Jews.


Premise: Harff and Gurr's definition of genocide included the promotion and execution of what, by a state or its agents?

Hypothesis: Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr defined genocide as "the promotion and execution of policies by a state or its agents which result in the deaths of a substantial portion of a group ...


Premise: How long did the Germans massacre Polish and Jewish civilians?

Hypothesis: These executions took place in over 30 towns and villages in the first month of German occupation.


Premise: How many daily calories are recommended for a human adult?

Hypothesis: The daily 1500–2000 Calories (6–8 MJ) recommended for a human adult are taken as a combination of oxygen and food molecules, the latter mostly carbohydrates and fats, of which glucose (C6H12O6) and stearin (C57H110O6) are convenient examples.


Premise: Where were the empire's law schools?

Hypothesis: These court categories were not, however, wholly exclusive: for instance, the Islamic courts—which were the Empire's primary courts—could also be used to settle a trade conflict or disputes between litigants of differing religions, and Jews and Christians often went to them to obtain a more forceful ruling on an issue.


Premise: How many albums did it sell worldwide?

Hypothesis: Madonna responded to the banning: "Why is it that people are willing to go and watch a movie about someone getting blown to bits for no reason at all, and nobody wants to see two girls kissing and two men snuggling?"


Premise: What chemistry do hydrides serve as bridging ligands?

Hypothesis: In inorganic chemistry, hydrides can also serve as bridging ligands that link two metal centers in a coordination complex.


Premise: How is the first letter of a first-person pronoun handled mid sentence in English?

Hypothesis: In English, capital letters are used as the first letter of a sentence, a proper noun, or a proper adjective.


Premise: What event occured after she was publicly criticized?

Hypothesis: Her long-standing boyfriend left her at this time.


Premise: In binary fission, what shape is each genome?

Hypothesis: Binary fission is extremely fast compared to the rates of cell division in eukaryotes.


Premise: Which amino acid can assist with the well - being of mice but not necessarily their growth?

Hypothesis: In the middle of twelve years of attempts to isolate them, Hopkins said in a 1906 lecture that "unsuspected dietetic factors," other than calories, protein, and minerals, are needed to prevent deficiency diseases.


Premise: How many grades are there in medieval craft guilds?

Hypothesis: The degrees of freemasonry retain the three grades of medieval craft guilds, those of Apprentice, Journeyman or fellow (now called Fellowcraft), and Master Mason.


Premise: What was the population of Guinea-Bissau in 1950?

Hypothesis: The proportion of the population below the age of 15 in 2010 was 41.3%, 55.4% were aged between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.3% were aged 65 years or older.


Premise: What empire covered most of India in the 16th century?

Hypothesis: The Mughal Empire suffered a gradual decline in the early 18th century, which provided opportunities for the Maratha Empire, Sikh Empire and Mysore Kingdom to exercise control over large areas of the subcontinent.


Premise: What are some companies that profit from the BDS system?

Hypothesis: Fifteen years after the satellite system was launched, it is now generating $31.5 billion for major companies such as China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd, and China North Industries Group Corp.


Premise: Did the bishops consider themselves Arians?

Hypothesis: Moreover, many labelled "Arian" did not consider themselves followers of Arius.


Premise: Did Jesus sacrifice himself without fighting?

Hypothesis: According to the substitutionary atonement view, Jesus' death is of central importance, and Jesus willingly sacrificed himself as an act of perfect obedience as a sacrifice of love which pleased God.


Premise: What enzyme helps produce cholesterol?

Hypothesis: Animal trials showed very good inhibitory effect as in clinical trials, however a long term study in dogs found toxic effects at higher doses and as a result mevastatin was believed to be too toxic for human use.


Premise: What are two examples of minor side effects caused by some antibiotics?

Hypothesis: Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis.


Premise: What are some of the schemes used to defraud the health care system?

Hypothesis: These include: Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Violations, Off Label Marketing, Best Price Fraud, CME Fraud, Medicaid Price Reporting, and Manufactured Compound Drugs.


Premise: Which of Gliezes pieces was featured at Salon de la Section d'Or?

Hypothesis: This technique of representing simultaneity, multiple viewpoints (or relative motion) is pushed to a high degree of complexity in Gleizes' monumental Le Dépiquage des Moissons (Harvest Threshing), exhibited at the 1912 Salon de la Section d'Or, Le Fauconnier’s Abundance shown at the Indépendants of 1911, and Delaunay's City of Paris, shown at the Indépendants in 1912.


Premise: How long is the Bronx's shoreline?

Hypothesis: The opposite (southeastern) side of the Bronx has four large low peninsulas or "necks" of low-lying land that jut into the waters of the East River and were once salt marsh: Hunt's Point, Clason's Point, Screvin's Neck and Throg's Neck.


Premise: What ares is the Sahara located in?

Hypothesis: The area is located in the horse latitudes under the subtropical ridge, a significant belt of semi-permanent subtropical warm-core high pressure where the air from upper levels of the troposphere tends to sink towards the ground.


Premise: What should women do if they are using antibiotics and birth control pills?

Hypothesis: Clinicians have recommended that extra contraceptive measures be applied during therapies using antibacterials that are suspected to interact with oral contraceptives.


Premise: What region do some scholars see as the source for Egypt's start in agriculture?

Hypothesis: Graeme Barker states "The first indisputable evidence for domestic plants and animals in the Nile valley is not until the early fifth millennium bc in northern Egypt and a thousand years later further south, in both cases as part of strategies that still relied heavily on fishing, hunting, and the gathering of wild plants" and suggests that these subsistence changes were not due to farmers migrating from the Near East but was an indigenous development, with cereals either indigenous or obtained through exchange.


Premise: What position does Schwarzenegger hold with the Institute?

Hypothesis: In 2012, Schwarzenegger helped to found the Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy, which is a part of the USC Sol Price School of Public Policy at the University of Southern California.


Premise: What radical MP did Victoria object to being appointed to the cabinet by Gladstone?

Hypothesis: Victoria objected when Gladstone proposed appointing the Radical MP Henry Labouchere to the Cabinet, so Gladstone agreed not to appoint him.


Premise: What is the main application of these set ups?

Hypothesis: There may be a number of so-called "directors" in front of the active element in the direction of propagation, and usually a single (but possibly more) "reflector" on the opposite side of the active element.


Premise: What was John's preferred plan?

Hypothesis: Ideally, this plan would benefit from the opening of a second front on Philip's eastern frontiers with Flanders and Boulogne – effectively a re-creation of Richard's old strategy of applying pressure from Germany.


Premise: How can glass be prevented from corroding?

Hypothesis: Corrosion resistance of glass can be achieved by dealkalization, removal of the alkali ions from the glass surface by reaction with e.g. sulfur or fluorine compounds.


Premise: What are the main exports of the island?

Hypothesis: Exports are mainly fish and coffee; Philatelic sales were £0.06 million in 2004-05.


Premise: Where do 8th and 9th Streets end?

Hypothesis: 8th Street between Avenue A and Third Avenue is called St Mark's Place, but it is counted in the length below.


Premise: How long was Kangxi Emperor in power?

Hypothesis: The sixty-one year reign of the Kangxi Emperor was the longest of any Chinese emperor.


Premise: In what city did Japan set up a provisional capital?

Hypothesis: Although Japan had occupied much of northern, central, and coastal China, the Nationalist Government had retreated to the interior with a provisional capital set up at Chungking while the Chinese communists remained in control of base areas in Shaanxi.


Premise: What did Guinness World Records say of Ramoji Film City was in 20015?

Hypothesis: In 2005, Guinness World Records declared Ramoji Film City to be the world's largest film studio.


Premise: Who founded the Gelug school?

Hypothesis: The following 80 years saw the founding of the Gelug school (also known as Yellow Hats) by the disciples of Je Tsongkhapa, and the founding of the important Ganden, Drepung and Sera monasteries near Lhasa.


Premise: What did those close to him call Bell?

Hypothesis: Born as just "Alexander Bell", at age 10 he made a plea to his father to have a middle name like his two brothers.[N 6]


Premise: What is something that may alter the intended meaning of a message?

Hypothesis: The sender's personal filters and the receiver's personal filters may vary depending upon different regional traditions, cultures, or gender; which may alter the intended meaning of message contents.


Premise: What kind of experiments did Zugibe run?

Hypothesis: Zugibe carried out a number of experiments over several years to test his theories while he was a medical examiner.


Premise: What is the Islamic name for God?

Hypothesis: In Islam, the name Allah, "Al-El", or "Al-Elah" ("the God") is used, while Muslims also have a multitude of titular names for God.


Premise: Who is the Lagrangian named after?

Hypothesis: Another energy-related concept is called the Lagrangian, after Joseph-Louis Lagrange.


Premise: In what year did Nasser start his second term as President?

Hypothesis: Following Egypt's defeat by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War, Nasser resigned, but he returned to office after popular demonstrations called for his reinstatement.


Premise: What deity does the 12th century mosaic in the Hagia Sophia depict?

Hypothesis: The only surviving 12th-century mosaic work in Constantinople is a panel in Hagia Sophia depicting Emperor John II and Empress Eirene with the Theotokos (1122–34).


Premise: What was the title of the article Nasser wrote for his school paper?

Hypothesis: The incident garnered his first mention in the press: the nationalist newspaper Al Gihad reported that Nasser led the protest and was among the wounded.


Premise: What did Dominic refuse to do?

Hypothesis: What is known about it comes from accounts written by people near to him.


Premise: Who became his ideological mentor in prison?

Hypothesis: During his five years at Lepoglava prison he met Moša Pijade, who became his ideological mentor.


Premise: Who improved the steam engine?

Hypothesis: In the first revolution, Lewis Paul was the original inventor of roller spinning, the basis of the water frame for spinning cotton in a cotton mill.


Premise: What does SHORAD stand for?

Hypothesis: SHORAD (Short Range AD) and MANPADS ("Man Portable AD Systems": typically shoulder-launched missiles).


Premise: What did Frege say about math?

Hypothesis: By combining Frege's thesis that all mathematical truths are logical with the early Wittgenstein's idea that all logical truths are mere linguistic tautologies, they arrived at a twofold classification of all propositions: the analytic (a priori) and the synthetic (a posteriori).


Premise: How did World War I directly impact Gaddafi's family?

Hypothesis: According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911.


Premise: What place's control was the Communist Party of Lithuania out from under after the split?

Hypothesis: However, Lithuania’s governing Communist Party was formally independent from Moscow's control – a first for Soviet Republics and a political earthquake that prompted Gorbachev to arrange a visit to Lithuania the following month in a futile attempt to bring the local party back under control.


Premise: What Cartesian concept did Whitehead believe to be erroneous?

Hypothesis: Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and dependent on one another.


Premise: How many Brazillians have some indigenous ancestry?

Hypothesis: Indigenous peoples of Brazil make up 0.4% of Brazil's population, or about 700,000 people, even though millions of Brazilians have some indigenous ancestry.


Premise: What episode was the 500th of the entire series?

Hypothesis: This was the first season where the contestants were permitted to perform in the final rounds songs they wrote themselves.


Premise: What 4 cities are larger than Paris in the EU?

Hypothesis: This makes Paris the fifth largest municipality in the European Union, following London, Berlin, Madrid and Rome.


Premise: Who was the commander of the Continental Army?

Hypothesis: The Continental Army was created on 14 June 1775 by the Continental Congress as a unified army for the colonies to fight Great Britain, with George Washington appointed as its commander.


Premise: What determines how the referee acts?

Hypothesis: Due to the legitimate role that referees play in wrestling of serving as liaison between the bookers backstage and the wrestlers in the ring (the role of being a final arbitrator is merely kayfabe), the referee is present, even in matches that do not at first glance appear to require a referee (such as a ladder match, as it is no holds barred, and the criteria for victory could theoretically be assessed from afar).


Premise: What was the code name for Gaddafi's coup against the monarchy?

Hypothesis: They met no serious resistance, and wielded little violence against the monarchists.


Premise: What is Brasilia's proper city population?

Hypothesis: The city has a unique status in Brazil, as it is an administrative division rather than a legal municipality like other cities in Brazil.


Premise: Name examples of usual formal business that Freemasons have at their lodge.

Hypothesis: In addition to business, the meeting may perform a ceremony to confer a Masonic degree or receive a lecture, which is usually on some aspect of Masonic history or ritual.


Premise: What is "Movement For democracy in Liberia"?

Hypothesis: In March 2003, a second rebel group, Movement for Democracy in Liberia, began launching attacks against Taylor from the southeast.


Premise: Is liberation from samsara possible?

Hypothesis: Within Buddhism, samsara is defined as the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death that arises from ordinary beings' grasping and fixating on a self and experiences.


Premise: What is the name of the study done by composer Ryan Maguire?

Hypothesis: A detailed account of the techniques used to isolate the sounds deleted during MP3 compression, along with the conceptual motivation for the project, was published in the 2014 Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference.


Premise: What Manhattan development is the product of land reclamation?

Hypothesis: Some of the natural relief in topography has been evened out, especially in Manhattan.


Premise: How much did Tribune Company purchase the Cubs for?

Hypothesis: Tribune, owners of the Chicago Tribune, Los Angeles Times, WGN Television, WGN Radio and many other media outlets, controlled the club until December 2007, when Sam Zell completed his purchase of the entire Tribune organization and announced his intention to sell the baseball team.


Premise: Which district is OU Medicine campus located in?

Hypothesis: The OU Medicine hosting the state's only Level-One trauma center.


Premise: Who cast the two service bells?

Hypothesis: In addition there are two service bells, cast by Robert Mot, in 1585 and 1598 respectively, a Sanctus bell cast in 1738 by Richard Phelps and Thomas Lester and two unused bells—one cast about 1320, by the successor to R de Wymbish, and a second cast in 1742, by Thomas Lester.


Premise: The last slave in New York was freed when?

Hypothesis: The last slaves in New York were not freed until 1827.


Premise: Whose definition of topos did Alhazen reject?

Hypothesis: In the early 11th century, the Muslim physicist Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen or Alhazen) discussed space perception and its epistemological implications in his Book of Optics (1021), he also rejected Aristotle's definition of topos (Physics IV) by way of geometric demonstrations and defined place as a mathematical spatial extension.


Premise: When did the physical exchange of the drachma to euro take place?

Hypothesis: This was followed by a ten-year period for eligible exchange of drachma to euro, which ended on 1 March 2012.


Premise: When did Windows Store apps become the real term for the apps?

Hypothesis: The term "Immersive app" had been used internally by Microsoft developers to refer to the apps prior to the first official presentation of Windows 8, after which they were referred to as "Metro-style apps" in reference to the Metro design language.


Premise: What monuments did Louis XIV have constructed?

Hypothesis: Louis XIV distrusted the Parisians and moved his court to Versailles in 1682, but his reign also saw an unprecedented flourishing of the arts and sciences in Paris.


Premise: What is the Judaeo-German language developed by Ashkenazi Jews who migrated to Central Europe?

Hypothesis: Ladino is the Judæo-Spanish language developed by Sephardic Jews who migrated to the Iberian peninsula.


Premise: What subject did Gaddafi study at the University of LIbya?

Hypothesis: Under Idris, Libya's armed forces were trained by the British military; this angered Gaddafi, who viewed the British as imperialists, and accordingly he refused to learn English and was rude to the British officers, ultimately failing his exams.


Premise: Who claimed victory at the Battle of Aegates Islands?

Hypothesis: However, after training more sailors and inventing a grappling engine, a Roman naval force was able to defeat a Carthaginian fleet, and further naval victories followed.


Premise: What is consideredt the most important part of maritime transport in middle east?

Hypothesis: The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt considered the most important centre of the maritime transport in the Middle East, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea.


Premise: What Pennsylvania county did Eisenhower grow up in?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower retired to the place where he and Mamie had spent much of their post-war time, a working farm adjacent to the battlefield at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, only 70 miles from his ancestral home in Elizabethville, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania.


Premise: Prior to becoming a pub, what did the Angel serve as?

Hypothesis: It was mentioned by Charles Dickens, became a Lyons Corner House, and is now a Co-operative Bank.


Premise: What act restored the full British citizenship of the citizens of Saint Helena?

Hypothesis: The citizens of Saint Helena hold British Overseas Territories citizenship.


Premise: Where in the United States are pubs located?

Hypothesis: It is a drinking establishment in Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Denmark and New England.


Premise: When was the Presbyterian Church in Canada formed?

Hypothesis: In 1925, the United Church of Canada was formed by the majority of Presbyterians combining with the Methodist Church, Canada, and the Congregational Union of Canada.


Premise: Which comic book had success with its first superhero in 1938?

Hypothesis: Thin periodicals called comic books appeared in the 1930s, at first reprinting newspaper comic strips; by the end of the decade, original content began to dominate.


Premise: What invention, for which he is primarily known, did Eli Whitney develop in New Haven?

Hypothesis: The city struck fortune in the late 18th century with the inventions and industrial activity of Eli Whitney, a Yale graduate who remained in New Haven to develop the cotton gin and establish a gun-manufacturing factory in the northern part of the city near the Hamden town line.


Premise: What is one example of a state-managed autonomous research institution?

Hypothesis: Scientific and technological research activities in Portugal are mainly conducted within a network of R&D units belonging to public universities and state-managed autonomous research institutions like the INETI – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação and the INRB – Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos.


Premise: Where were the "black" areas?

Hypothesis: The government required that Blacks and Coloureds live in areas separate from Whites, creating large townships located away from the cities as areas for Blacks.


Premise: Which Japanese Buddhist organization built a Peace Pagoda in New Delhi in 2007?

Hypothesis: It was inaugurated by the current Dalai Lama.


Premise: What is the term for a feeling of confidence to take action?

Hypothesis: Based on interaction ritual theory, we experience different levels or intensities of emotional energy during face-to-face interactions.


Premise: What radio station format have many of the former soft AC artists moved to?

Hypothesis: Much of the music and artists that were traditionally played on soft AC stations have been relegated to the adult standards format, which is itself disappearing because of aging demographics.


Premise: What happens when a childs food is restricted?

Hypothesis: The WHO states "Food should never be withheld and the child's usual foods should not be diluted.


Premise: What profesional roles from secular law does the Catholic Church also employ?

Hypothesis: It is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions.


Premise: Which state in the US is the only to have higher fuel prices than Alaska?

Hypothesis: Most food in Alaska is transported into the state from "Outside", and shipping costs make food in the cities relatively expensive.


Premise: Which station is known as the world's biggest railroad station?

Hypothesis: The iconic New York City Subway system is the largest rapid transit system in the world when measured by stations in operation, with 469, and by length of routes.


Premise: What notable author who lived in Samoa called the Samoans "gentle people"?

Hypothesis: Eight Years of Trouble in Samoa, "… the Samoans are gentle people."


Premise: What other area was mentioned regarding Prussian dominion in the Russian-Austrian pact?

Hypothesis: On June 2, 1746, Austria and Russia concluded a defensive alliance that covered their own territory and Poland against attack by Prussia or the Ottoman Empire.


Premise: Whom did the Nizam ally with in the late 18th century?

Hypothesis: In 1769 Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Nizams.


Premise: Where did the Outlaws play their home games?

Hypothesis: After 20 years as a familiar name to the league, an AFL mainstay, the Iowa Barnstormers, departed the league to join the Indoor Football League.


Premise: What is ijtihad?

Hypothesis: This process of scholarly research was called ijtihād, literally, the exertion of one's efforts to the utmost limit."


Premise: Other than Texas and Florida, which other state replaced racial quotas?

Hypothesis: Florida and California have also replaced racial quotas with class rank and other criteria.


Premise: What was the faith of the early rulers of the Rastrakuta Empire?

Hypothesis: The Arab traveler Suleiman described the Rashtrakuta Empire as one of the four great Empires of the world.


Premise: Which church often preached in Flemish prior to World War I?

Hypothesis: The cities of Dunkirk, Gravelines and Bourbourg only became predominantly French-speaking by the end of the 19th century.


Premise: What did Chopin compose after hearing Niccolo Paganini?

Hypothesis: Back in Warsaw that year, Chopin heard Niccolò Paganini play the violin, and composed a set of variations, Souvenir de Paganini.


Premise: What is marked by a line of red bricks in the ground?

Hypothesis: Because of the city's prominent role in the American Revolution, several historic sites relating to that period are preserved as part of the Boston National Historical Park.


Premise: Why were political radicals such as Ernst Haekel so interested in On the Origin of Species?

Hypothesis: Ernst Haeckel was particularly ardent, aiming to synthesise Darwin's ideas with those of Lamarck and Goethe while still reflecting the spirit of Naturphilosophie.


Premise: How many fans were in attendance during Everton's match against Liverpool on September 18, 1948?

Hypothesis: Goodison Park, like all major English football grounds since the recommendations of the Taylor Report were implemented, is now an all-seater and only holds just under 40,000, meaning it is unlikely that this attendance record will ever be broken at Goodison.


Premise: The route end was changed from Justin Herman plaza to what?

Hypothesis: As people found out there would be no closing ceremony at Justin Herman Plaza, there were angry reactions.


Premise: Why was green chosen for a number of new European political parties in the 1980s?

Hypothesis: The largest green party in Europe is Alliance '90/The Greens (German: Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) in Germany, which was formed in 1993 from the merger of the German Green Party, founded in West Germany in 1980, and Alliance 90, founded during the Revolution of 1989–1990 in East Germany.


Premise: How many unique phenomes are usually attributed to Dutch?

Hypothesis: , (like the English vowel y) which does not normally lead to confusion among native listeners, since in a number of dialects (e.g. in Amsterdam) the same pronunciation is heard.


Premise: What years did the civil war take place?

Hypothesis: A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997.


Premise: What was realized after Planck's discovery?

Hypothesis: Eventually, following upon Planck's discovery, it was recognized that physical action cannot take on an arbitrary value.


Premise: How much of the Seattle population have high school diplomas?

Hypothesis: A 2008 United States Census Bureau survey showed that Seattle had the highest percentage of college and university graduates of any major U.S. city.


Premise: What type of government did Nepal have after the monarchy?

Hypothesis: The current Royal Kumari, Matina Shakya, age four, was installed in October 2008 by the Maoist government that replaced the monarchy.


Premise: When was ground broke on the Eddy Street Commons Project of Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: The Eddy Street Commons drew union protests when workers hired by the City of South Bend to construct the public parking garage picketed the private work site after a contractor hired non-union workers.


Premise: What extra features do Xbox Live Gold members get?

Hypothesis: Microsoft has allowed previous Xbox Live subscribers to maintain their profile information, friends list, and games history when they make the transition to Xbox Live Gold.


Premise: What was the first Dutch Bible translation called?

Hypothesis: In 1637, a further important step was made towards a unified language, when the Statenvertaling, the first major Bible translation into Dutch, was created that people from all over the new republic could understand.


Premise: What makes copper bondings weaker than other metals?

Hypothesis: Copper, silver and gold are in group 11 of the periodic table, and they share certain attributes: they have one s-orbital electron on top of a filled d-electron shell and are characterized by high ductility and electrical conductivity.


Premise: Who owned the Punch Bowl with Guy Ritchie?

Hypothesis: The pub is equipped with a Division bell that summons MPs back to the chamber when they are required to take part in a vote.


Premise: What is the first Nidāna?

Hypothesis: Sentient beings always suffer throughout saṃsāra until they free themselves from this suffering (dukkha) by attaining Nirvana.


Premise: What other tree is common there?

Hypothesis: The richest forests, which grade into mesic types, usually in coves and on gentle slopes, have dominantly white and northern red oaks, while the driest sites are dominated by chestnut oak, or sometimes by scarlet or northern red oaks.


Premise: What type of theology did Puritans accept?

Hypothesis: Puritans adopted a Reformed theology, but they also took note of radical criticisms of Zwingli in Zurich and Calvin in Geneva.


Premise: How many German bombers were shot down by the RAF in May?

Hypothesis: In May 1941, RAF night fighters shot down 38 German bombers.


Premise: Most maquiladoras today produce what?

Hypothesis: Today, most of the maquiladoras produce electronics, automobile, and aerospace components.


Premise: What are some ways to prevent diarrhea?

Hypothesis: Prevention of infectious diarrhea is by improved sanitation, clean drinking water, and hand washing with soap.


Premise: What is the rule called that causes a father's race to not matter?

Hypothesis: Virginia and other English colonies passed laws in the 17th century that gave children the social status of their mother, according to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, regardless of the father's race or citizenship.


Premise: Which river runs underneath the palace?

Hypothesis: Where the river was fordable (at Cow Ford), the village of Eye Cross grew.


Premise: What is the precipitation average in the Intermontane plateaus?

Hypothesis: Precipitation averages less than 15 inches (38 cm).


Premise: How many galleries are present in the Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery?

Hypothesis: The Plymouth Athenaeum, which includes a local interest library, is a society dedicated to the promotion of learning in the fields of science, technology, literature and art.


Premise: Who was the last person to see Bell alive?

Hypothesis: By way of reply, Bell traced the sign for "no" in the air


Premise: What newspapers have published opinion pieces expressing support for Puerto Rico's statehood?

Hypothesis: The Washington Post, The New York Times and the Boston Herald have published opinion pieces expressing support for the statehood of Puerto Rico.


Premise: How large is the smallest canton?

Hypothesis: The cantons have a permanent constitutional status and, in comparison with the situation in other countries, a high degree of independence.


Premise: Where does the elevator go from there?

Hypothesis: Once the elevator has left the floor, depending on where the alarm was set off, the elevator will go to the fire-recall floor.


Premise: Where are Dom clans mostly gathered?

Hypothesis: Ethnic Egyptians are by far the largest ethnic group in the country, constituting 91% of the total population.


Premise: What was the top most used venue?

Hypothesis: For the first decade of the competition, the Kennington Oval was used as the semi-final venue.


Premise: Who were generally temporal rulers?

Hypothesis: The earlier influence of temporal rulers, notably the French kings, reasserted itself through the influence of cardinals of certain nationalities or politically significant movements.


Premise: The Qajars defeated the Russians at what battle to take over Tblisi?

Hypothesis: In 1795, following the disobedience of the Georgian subjects and their alliance with the Russians, the Qajars captured Tblisi by the Battle of Krtsanisi, and drove the Russians out of the entire Caucasus, reestablishing a short-lived Iranian suzerainty over the region.


Premise: What did Viacom plan to do after the ruling in 2010?

Hypothesis: During the same court battle, Viacom won a court ruling requiring YouTube to hand over 12 terabytes of data detailing the viewing habits of every user who has watched videos on the site.


Premise: Where do clouds lose most of their content before getting to the inner alpine valleys?

Hypothesis: The driest conditions persist in all inner alpine valleys that receive less rain because arriving clouds lose a lot of their content while crossing the mountains before reaching these areas.


Premise: When did Eisenhower join Augusta National?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower was a golf enthusiast later in life, and joined the Augusta National Golf Club in 1948.


Premise: What is an aerially accessible open space that includes at least one active surface such as a runway or a helipad?

Hypothesis: An airport is an aerodrome with facilities for flights to take off and land.


Premise: Who won season five of American Idol?

Hypothesis: According to season five winner Taylor Hicks, who is from the state of Alabama, "People in the South have a lot of pride ...


Premise: How many years was Knute Rockne head coach at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp and the "Four Horsemen".


Premise: What disease killed the most Lenape?

Hypothesis: Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans.


Premise: How many crimes in 18th century London could result in the death penalty?

Hypothesis: In total, more than 200 offences were punishable by death, including petty theft.


Premise: What combined with the Richmond Professional Institute to form Virginia Commonwealth University?

Hypothesis: In 1996, still-sore tensions arose amid controversy involved in placing a statue of African American Richmond native and tennis star Arthur Ashe to the famed series of statues of Confederate heroes of the Civil War on Monument Avenue.


Premise: What agreement did Liberia sign n 2006?

Hypothesis: Following the inauguration of the Sirleaf administration in 2006, Liberia signed several multibillion-dollar concession agreements in the iron ore and palm oil industries with numerous multinational corporations, including BHP Billiton, ArcelorMittal, and Sime Darby.


Premise: How many Johovah's Witnesses were on the island?

Hypothesis: The Catholics are pastorally served by the Mission sui iuris of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, whose office of ecclesiastical superior is vested in the Apostolic Prefecture of the Falkland Islands.


Premise: When were the mosaics at Bizere Monastery created?

Hypothesis: Some archeologists supposed that it was the floor of an Orthodox church, built some time between the 10th and 11th century.


Premise: How many missions are carried out internally in Canada?

Hypothesis: Based on that strategy, the Canadian military is oriented and being equipped to carry out six core missions within Canada, in North America and globally.


Premise: Where are the regulations from executive branch agencies found?

Hypothesis: The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal statutes.


Premise: What is not an established science?

Hypothesis: Following the quake, experts and the general public sought information on whether or not the earthquake could have been predicted in advance, and whether or not studying statistics related to the quake could result in better prediction of earthquakes in the future.


Premise: What are people most likely to identify themselves as?

Hypothesis: Historical reasons, including slavery creating a racial caste and the European-American suppression of Native Americans, often led people to identify or be classified by only one ethnicity, generally that of the culture in which they were raised.


Premise: What was the number of internet users in the year 2011?

Hypothesis: The number of mobile subscribers is similarly expected to rise from 512,682 in 2008 to around 6.1 million by 2015.


Premise: Who was the last Greek to clearly rule Bactria?

Hypothesis: However, Greek urban civilisation seems to have continued in Bactria after the fall of the kingdom, having a hellenising effect on the tribes which had displaced Greek-rule.


Premise: What is the number of non-white citizens in the United States?

Hypothesis: This does not approach the number of non-white citizens in the United States (roughly 28–37%, depending on how Latinos are classified; see Demographics of the United States).


Premise: The first Home Rule bill would have given Ireland less self-control than what other territory?

Hypothesis: Home rule was supported by the British Prime minister, William Gladstone, who hoped that Ireland might follow in Canada's footsteps as a Dominion within the empire, but his 1886 Home Rule bill was defeated in Parliament.


Premise: Why should noise-based speed be rounded down to a lower standard?

Hypothesis: The rationale is that exposure according to the lower saturation-based speed would not result in a visibly better image.


Premise: A result of air being sucked into or blown out of the lung thats moving its pressure gradient is referred to?

Hypothesis: This type of lung is known as a bellows lung as it resembles a blacksmith's bellows.


Premise: What kinds of treats were celebrities receiving?

Hypothesis: The files were collected for various reasons.


Premise: Using VBR instead of a constant bit rate encoding makes which part of encoding less predictable?

Hypothesis: Average bitrate is VBR implemented as a compromise between the two: the bitrate is allowed to vary for more consistent quality, but is controlled to remain near an average value chosen by the user, for predictable file sizes.


Premise: Which type of vault can be used for rectangular and trapezoidal shaped roofs?

Hypothesis: The other structural advantage is that the pointed arch channels the weight onto the bearing piers or columns at a steep angle.


Premise: When was the KInsey scale first published?

Hypothesis: The Kinsey scale, also called the Heterosexual-Homosexual Rating Scale, was first published in Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) by Alfred Kinsey, Wardell Pomeroy, and Clyde Martin and also featured in Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953).


Premise: Where was this Gospel said?

Hypothesis: The Gospel of John's first chapter began to be said at the end of Mass, we believe as a result of Athanasius, and his life's stand, but quietly.


Premise: What is a well-known lake of Hangzhou?

Hypothesis: Well-known lakes include the West Lake of Hangzhou and the South Lake of Jiaxing.


Premise: What did the Cypriot government find was the Turkish population on Cyprus?

Hypothesis: One year later, in 1974, the Cypriot government's Department of Statistics and Research estimated the total population of Cyprus at 641,000; of whom 506,000 (78.9%) were Greeks, and 118,000 (18.4%) Turkish.


Premise: What area was the name Dari connected to by medieval Iranian thinkers?

Hypothesis: The old prestige form of Middle Iranian, also known as Pahlavi, was replaced by a new standard dialect called Dari as the official language of the court.


Premise: Who wrote the original lyrics to the Notre Dame Victory March?

Hypothesis: The "Notre Dame Victory March" is the fight song for the University of Notre Dame.


Premise: Deductive reasoning leads to the development of what type of thinking?

Hypothesis: Adolescents' thinking is less bound to concrete events than that of children: they can contemplate possibilities outside the realm of what currently exists.


Premise: What example city service was cut back on in the Bronx?

Hypothesis: Yet another may have been a reduction in the real-estate listings and property-related financial services (such as mortgage loans or insurance policies) offered in some areas of the Bronx — a process known as redlining.


Premise: Which territory did France control?

Hypothesis: Starting with the Cochinchina Campaign in 1858, France expanded control of Indochina.


Premise: What was inaugurated in Chihuahua City on September 16, 1897?

Hypothesis: During the same time, the streets of Chihuahua City were paved and numerous monuments were built in Chihuahua City and Ciudad Juárez.


Premise: What unique feature does this ride provide guests?

Hypothesis: This allows the drive motor to pull down on the elevator car from underneath, resulting in downward acceleration greater than that of normal gravity.


Premise: In which year were Soviet forces scheduled to leave Mongolia?

Hypothesis: Soviet stationing troops were agreed to stay in Mongolia from 1966.


Premise: How far is Rex Hospital from the fairgrounds?

Hypothesis: These are located approximately 2 miles from Rex Hospital.


Premise: Which area did the Khazars rule over?

Hypothesis: The Rus' and Slavs had earlier allied with the Khazars against Arab raids on the Caucasus, but they increasingly worked against them to secure control of the trade routes.


Premise: What effect does Whitehead claim that experiences have on God?

Hypothesis: " In other words, God saves and cherishes all experiences forever, and those experiences go on to change the way God interacts with the world.


Premise: What President attempted to make an example out of Boston due to it's view on the Anthony Burns Fugitive Slave Case?

Hypothesis: Eventually Boston became a center of the abolitionist movement.


Premise: Who took over the remains of the Western Roman Empire?

Hypothesis: In Western Europe, Germanic peoples moved into positions of power in the remnants of the former Western Roman Empire and established kingdoms and empires of their own.


Premise: When was the name Oklahoma suggested?

Hypothesis: Choctaw Chief Allen Wright suggested the name in 1866 during treaty negotiations with the federal government regarding the use of Indian Territory, in which he envisioned an all-Indian state controlled by the United States Superintendent of Indian Affairs.


Premise: Karma's actions come from what?

Hypothesis: actions produce "seeds" in the mind that come to fruition either in this life or in a subsequent rebirth.


Premise: What factors influence the noise-based speed?

Hypothesis: The noise-based speed is mostly determined by the properties of the sensor and somewhat affected by the noise in the electronic gain and AD converter.


Premise: What is the Christian Democratic Party also known as?

Hypothesis: The last election was held on 25 November 2012.


Premise: By what means did Blackbirders often get islanders aboard their ships?

Hypothesis: For less than a year between 1862–63, Peruvian ships, engaged in what became to be called the "blackbirding" trade, combed the smaller islands of Polynesia from Easter Island in the eastern Pacific to Tuvalu and the southern atolls of the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati), seeking recruits to fill the extreme labour shortage in Peru.


Premise: What is the term for the stretch of history during which people rmember and practice the teachings of the earliest known buddha?

Hypothesis: A Buddha era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known Buddha.


Premise: What native people lived in the San Diego area before the Europeans arrived?

Hypothesis: Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the entire area for Spain, forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later.


Premise: where does the great plains lie?

Hypothesis: The Great Plains is the broad expanse of flat land (a plain), much of it covered in prairie, steppe and grassland, that lies west of the Mississippi River tallgrass prairie states and east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada.


Premise: By what year were three empires gone?

Hypothesis: In a few years these alignments became the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance (already formed in 1882), which were in part a cause of World War I.


Premise: Who was the designer of the Federal Reserve Building?

Hypothesis: Minoru Yamasaki designed the Federal Reserve Building which dominates the downtown skyline.


Premise: What type of map originated in China?

Hypothesis: The Jesuit China missions of the 16th and 17th centuries "learned to appreciate the scientific achievements of this ancient culture and made them known in Europe.


Premise: Apart from the Indian traders, who else discovered the Malay peninsula for trade?

Hypothesis: Both Hinduism and Buddhism were well established in the Malay Peninsula by the beginning of the 1st century CE, and from there spread across the archipelago.


Premise: What altitude range is most migration recorded?

Hypothesis: However most bird migration is in the range of 150 to 600 m (490 to 1,970 ft).


Premise: Who was the Warsaw Ballroom's house DJ?

Hypothesis: This was also a period of alternatives to nightclubs, the warehouse party, acid house, rave and outdoor festival scenes of the late 1980s and early 1990s were havens for the latest trends in electronic dance music, especially house and its ever-more hypnotic, synthetic offspring techno and trance, in clubs like the infamous Warsaw Ballroom better known as Warsaw and The Mix where DJs like david padilla (who was the resident DJ for both) and radio.


Premise: What is the only object identified with Neptune's trailing L5 Lagrangian point?

Hypothesis: The first and so far only object identified as associated with Neptune's trailing L5 Lagrangian point is 2008 LC18.


Premise: What community college is located in downtown New Haven?

Hypothesis: New Haven is a notable center for higher education.


Premise: What magazine rated Beyonce as the most powerful female musician in 2015?

Hypothesis: Time listed her among the 100 most influential people in the world in 2013 and 2014.


Premise: What language family did Common Brittonic belong to?

Hypothesis: It was West Saxon that formed the basis for the literary standard of the later Old English period, although the dominant forms of Middle and Modern English would develop mainly from Mercian.


Premise: An MRI study on dogs proved that dogs use the same parts of what as humans?

Hypothesis: This gives dogs the ability to recognize emotional human sounds, making them friendly social pets to humans.


Premise: In trials of genocidal crimes, what responsibly party is difficult to prosecute?

Hypothesis: Yet is commonly seen to escape the process of trial and prosecution due to the fact that genocide is more often than not committed by the officials in power of a state or area.


Premise: What aroused the indignation of the entire Christian world?

Hypothesis: The Hamidian Massacres aroused the indignation of the entire Christian world.


Premise: What helped insure the safety of crops from wind?

Hypothesis: To protect crops from wind and drought, the Grain Intendant Zhao Guo (趙過) created the alternating fields system (daitianfa 代田法) during Emperor Wu's reign.


Premise: What nationality was the architect of the Gehry Tower?

Hypothesis: Some other popular sights are the Waterloo Column, the Laves House, the Wangenheim Palace, the Lower Saxony State Archives, the Hanover Playhouse, the Kröpcke Clock, the Anzeiger Tower Block, the Administration Building of the NORD/LB, the Cupola Hall of the Congress Centre, the Lower Saxony Stock, the Ministry of Finance, the Garten Church, the Luther Church, the Gehry Tower (designed by the American architect Frank O. Gehry), the specially designed Bus Stops, the Opera House, the Central Station, the Maschsee lake and the city forest Eilenriede, which is one of the largest of its kind in Europe.


Premise: What is the molecular make-up of hydrogen?

Hypothesis: At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, nonmetallic, highly combustible diatomic gas with the molecular formula H2.


Premise: Where is the Centro Cultural Universitario?

Hypothesis: The Centro Nacional de las Artes (National Center for the Arts has several venues for music, theatre, dance.


Premise: What is post-punk?

Hypothesis: Generally, post-punk music is defined as music that emerged from the cultural milieu of punk rock in the late 1970s, although many groups now categorized as post-punk were initially subsumed under the broad umbrella of punk or new wave music, only becoming differentiated as the terms came to signify more narrow styles.


Premise: Which console featured a top-loading design?

Hypothesis: Near the end of the NES's lifespan, upon the release of the AV Famicom and the top-loading NES 2, the design of the game controllers was modified slightly.


Premise: How much solar radiation is blocked by leafless trees?

Hypothesis: In climates with significant heating loads, deciduous trees should not be planted on the Equator facing side of a building because they will interfere with winter solar availability.


Premise: When was the meeting held?

Hypothesis: However, by this time there was no longer any reasonable doubt that, as the preamble of the Accords put it, "the USSR, as a subject of international law and a geopolitical reality, is ceasing its existence."


Premise: From what variety of pigeon does the squab decen?

Hypothesis: A squab is the name given to the young of domestic pigeons that are destined for the table.


Premise: What is the name of second best basketball club in Estonia?

Hypothesis: Tartu Ülikool/Rock, which participates in EuroChallenge, is the second strongest Estonian basketball club, previously winning Korvpalli Meistriliiga 22 times.


Premise: What was the location of the beginning of the Olympic torch route in Australia?

Hypothesis: Upon its arrival in Canberra, the Olympic flame was presented by Chinese officials to local Aboriginal elder Agnes Shea, of the Ngunnawal people.


Premise: What company did James E. Casey found in 1907 with a borrowed $100?

Hypothesis: Few of those working men found lasting wealth, however; it was Seattle's business of clothing the miners and feeding them salmon that panned out in the long run.


Premise: What is Valencia's average yearly temperature?

Hypothesis: The January average is comparable to temperatures expected for May and September in the major cities of northern Europe.


Premise: What is need in the developing world

Hypothesis: Improved sanitation in the developing world is a global need, but a neglected priority as shown by the data collected by the Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP) of UNICEF and WHO.


Premise: What is the age of US children allowed to work outside of the home?

Hypothesis: The Amish believe that one effective way to educate children is on the job.


Premise: What is a notable English Gothic cathedral?

Hypothesis: Stained glass became a crucial element in the design of churches, which continued to use extensive wall-paintings, now almost all lost.


Premise: What corporation bought The Times in 1981?

Hypothesis: The acquisition followed three weeks of intensive bargaining with the unions by company negotiators, John Collier and Bill O'Neill.


Premise: Where was this measurement made?

Hypothesis: The CODATA value quoted here is based on three watt-balance measurements of KJ2RK and one inter-laboratory determination of the molar volume of silicon, but is mostly determined by a 2007 watt-balance measurement made at the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).


Premise: What ethnicity is Carl Schurz?

Hypothesis: The Bronx has also become home to a peculiar poetic tribute, in the form of the Heinrich Heine Memorial, better known as the Lorelei Fountain from one of Heine's best-known works (1838).


Premise: What day was the city of Seoul captured?

Hypothesis: In spite of such desperate measures, Seoul fell that same day.


Premise: How many rail stations has cork had over the years?

Hypothesis: The main route, still much the same today, is from Dublin Heuston.


Premise: What sports team did Northwestern field its first of in 1882?

Hypothesis: The Association of American Universities invited Northwestern to become a member in 1917.


Premise: What are two examples of Portuguese pastries?

Hypothesis: These monasteries, using very few ingredients (mostly almonds, flour, eggs and some liquor), managed to create a spectacular wide range of different pastries, of which pastéis de Belém (or pastéis de nata) originally from Lisbon, and ovos moles from Aveiro are examples.


Premise: Thomas Edison and what other scientist were already asked to work on a better telegraph?

Hypothesis: Orton had contracted with inventors Thomas Edison and Elisha Gray to find a way to send multiple telegraph messages on each telegraph line to avoid the great cost of constructing new lines.


Premise: Are Southampton's transport routes around the UK good or bad?

Hypothesis: Southampton is a major UK port which has good transport links with the rest of the country.


Premise: What political party did the Tories have to form a coalition with in 2010?

Hypothesis: For the 2010 general election, however, the newspaper declared its support for the Tories once again; the election ended in the Tories taking the most votes and seats but having to form a coalition with the Liberal Democrats in order to form a government as they had failed to gain an overall majority.


Premise: Against which team does Notre Dame compete for the Jeweled Shillelagh?

Hypothesis: With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.


Premise: What have been constantly found in religious or ritual use?

Hypothesis: In the Oracle Bone script, personal names, ritual items, and even phrases such as 受又(祐) shòu yòu "receive blessings" are commonly contracted into single characters.


Premise: why do satellites need to fire engines every few day to keep orbit?

Hypothesis: But although it meets the definition of outer space, the atmospheric density within the first few hundred kilometers above the Kármán line is still sufficient to produce significant drag on satellites.


Premise: What plan launched a Bicycle sharing system?

Hypothesis: Santa Monica has a bike action plan and recently launched a Bicycle sharing system in November 2015.


Premise: In what year did IBM acquire Kenexa?

Hypothesis: In 2014, IBM announced that it would go "fabless" by offloading IBM Micro Electronics semiconductor manufacturing to GlobalFoundries, a leader in advanced technology manufacturing, citing that semiconductor manufacturing is a capital-intensive business which is challenging to operate without scale.


Premise: When did Kenya become independent?

Hypothesis: The color issue was not settled until Kenya became independent in 1963, ending the last vestige of the British Empire.


Premise: What was the name of Chan's music video?

Hypothesis: On the evening of May 18, CCTV-1 hosted a special four-hour program called The Giving of Love (simplified Chinese: 爱的奉献; traditional Chinese: 愛的奉獻), hosted by regulars from the CCTV New Year's Gala and round-the-clock coverage anchor Bai Yansong.


Premise: How many acres is the Bureau of Land Management in charge of?

Hypothesis: According to an October 1998 report by the United States Bureau of Land Management, approximately 65% of Alaska is owned and managed by the U.S. federal government as public lands, including a multitude of national forests, national parks, and national wildlife refuges.


Premise: In modern day how much does New Haven depend on blue collar jobs?

Hypothesis: Today, over half (56%) of the city's economy is now made up of services, in particular education and health care; Yale is the city's largest employer, followed by Yale – New Haven Hospital.


Premise: What was Syria like under Sarraj?

Hypothesis: He put Syria under Sarraj, who effectively reduced the province to a police state by imprisoning and exiling landholders who objected to the introduction of Egyptian agricultural reform in Syria, as well as communists.


Premise: Whar words may people use for sexual idenity?

Hypothesis: For example, people may use other labels, such as pansexual or polysexual, or none at all.


Premise: What type of deposits are found at Sambhar?

Hypothesis: It has rich salt deposits at Sambhar, copper mines at Khetri, Jhunjhunu, and zinc mines at Dariba, Zawar mines and Rampura Aghucha (opencast) near Bhilwara.


Premise: What has a strong influence over all aspect of Tibetans lives?

Hypothesis: A few monasteries have begun to rebuild since the 1980s (with limited support from the Chinese government) and greater religious freedom has been granted – although it is still limited.


Premise: What did the Irish build during the Golden Age?

Hypothesis: In time, Anglo-Saxon demands on the British became so great that they came to culturally dominate the bulk of southern Great Britain, though recent genetic evidence suggests Britons still formed the bulk of the population.


Premise: What happened to Mary's body at death?

Hypothesis: According to Apocryphal writings, at some time soon after her death, her incorrupt body was assumed directly into Heaven, to be reunited with her soul, and the apostles thereupon found the tomb empty; this is known in Christian teaching as the Assumption.


Premise: Who is the Prince Hall Lodge open to?

Hypothesis: The United Grand Lodge of England has no problem with recognising Prince Hall Grand Lodges.