Premise: Pesticides contain at least how many ingredients?

Hypothesis: Pesticides are also found in majority of U.S. households with 78 million out of the 105.5 million households indicating that they use some form of pesticide.


Premise: When were interceptors like the F-102 Delta Dagger first built?

Hypothesis: A number of jet interceptors such as the F-102 Delta Dagger, the F-106 Delta Dart, and the MiG-25 were built in the period starting after the end of World War II and ending in the late 1960s, when they became less important due to the shifting of the strategic bombing role to ICBMs.


Premise: What was the policy created by President Roosevelt due to the boom in defense jobs?

Hypothesis: President Roosevelt had established a policy of non-discrimination for defense contractors, and blacks gained some opportunities, especially in shipbuilding, although not without resistance from whites and increasing social tensions that erupted into occasional violence.


Premise: What language is spoken in most rule of law countries?

Hypothesis: To date, the term “rule of law” has been used primarily in the English-speaking countries, and it is not yet fully clarified even with regard to such well-established democracies as, for instance, Sweden, Denmark, France, Germany, or Japan.


Premise: From what centuries are the earliest passwords and rituals of Freemasonry known?

Hypothesis: There is no clear mechanism by which these local trade organisations became today's Masonic Lodges, but the earliest rituals and passwords known, from operative lodges around the turn of the 17th–18th centuries, show continuity with the rituals developed in the later 18th century by accepted or speculative Masons, as those members who did not practice the physical craft came to be known.


Premise: Which type of construction is more expensive?

Hypothesis: Through-hole manufacture adds to board cost by requiring many holes to be drilled accurately, and limits the available routing area for signal traces on layers immediately below the top layer on multi-layer boards since the holes must pass through all layers to the opposite side.


Premise: Which Alaskan native starred in a film also set in Alaska?

Hypothesis: In 1932 an expedition set out from MGM's studios in Hollywood to Alaska to film what was then billed as "The Biggest Picture Ever Made."


Premise: In which year did the Tennessee General Assembly pass electoral reform laws that disenfranchised most African Americans in the state?

Hypothesis: In 1889 the General Assembly passed four laws described as electoral reform, with the cumulative effect of essentially disfranchising most African Americans in rural areas and small towns, as well as many poor Whites.


Premise: Indoor league teams sometimes play against what type of outdoor league team?

Hypothesis: The Arena Football League briefly had a two-game exhibition season in the early 2000s, a practice that ended in 2003 with a new television contract.


Premise: The author's ideas would later influence what well known philosopher?

Hypothesis: The German materialist and atheist anthropologist Ludwig Feuerbach would signal a new turn in materialism through his book, The Essence of Christianity (1841), which provided a humanist account of religion as the outward projection of man's inward nature.


Premise: What is compromised of many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law?

Hypothesis: The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of general and permanent federal statutory law.


Premise: How long did the English occupy Valencia?

Hypothesis: The English held the city for 16 months and defeated several attempts to expel them.


Premise: What new ombudsman bill is being readied in India?

Hypothesis: In India, the anti-corruption bureau fights against corruption, and a new ombudsman bill called Jan Lokpal Bill is being prepared.


Premise: In what year was a large scale solar distillation project constructed in Las Salinas?

Hypothesis: Double-slope stills are the most economical for decentralized domestic purposes, while active multiple effect units are more suitable for large-scale applications.


Premise: Ducks Unlimited and the Delta Waterfowl are examples of groups representing what?

Hypothesis: Some groups represent a specific hunting interest, such as Ducks Unlimited, Pheasants Forever, or the Delta Waterfowl Foundation.


Premise: What star did Lew Wasserman represent?

Hypothesis: Though Decca would continue to keep picture budgets lean, it was favored by changing circumstances in the film business, as other studios let their contract actors go in the wake of the 1948 U.S. vs. Paramount Pictures, et al.


Premise: After the 1954 election, who was the Speaker of the House?

Hypothesis: There were exceptions, Leonard W. Hall, for example, who as chairman of the Republican National Committee tried to open the administration's eyes to the political facts of life, with occasional success.


Premise: How many television production studios is BYU Broadcasting Technical Operations Center home to?

Hypothesis: The BYU Broadcasting Technical Operations Center is home to three television production studios, two television control rooms, radio studios, radio performance space, and master control operations.


Premise: When was the first software MP3 encoder released?

Hypothesis: On 7 July 1994, the Fraunhofer Society released the first software MP3 encoder called l3enc.


Premise: What are other terms for logical empiricism?

Hypothesis: Some of the key figures in this movement were Otto Neurath, Moritz Schlick and the rest of the Vienna Circle, along with A.J. Ayer, Rudolf Carnap and Hans Reichenbach.


Premise: Who says they didn't kill Armenians as genocide, just because they were 'in the way of the war'?

Hypothesis: Passage of legislation in various foreign countries condemning the persecution of the Armenians as genocide has often provoked diplomatic conflict.


Premise: Which candidate dropped out of the race, next after Edwards?

Hypothesis: Edwards finished only slightly behind Kerry in Georgia, but, failing to win a single state other than South Carolina, chose to withdraw from the presidential race.


Premise: When did the East-West Schism begin?

Hypothesis: The religious borders are largely comparable to the East–West Schism which began in the 11th century.


Premise: What kind of intervention could be sought to avoid disasters?

Hypothesis: The same divine agencies who caused disease or harm also had the power to avert it, and so might be placated in advance.


Premise: What are 'friendlies' for charity usually called in the UK?

Hypothesis: A one-off match for charitable fundraising, usually involving one or two all-star teams, or a match held in honor of a player for contribution to his/her club, may also be described as exhibition matches but they are normally referred to as charity matches and testimonial matches respectively.


Premise: When did Pitatus offer his solution to the leap year problem?

Hypothesis: The Gregorian leap year rule (97 leap years in 400 years) was put forward by Petrus Pitatus of Verona in 1560.


Premise: Why did Rice withdraw?

Hypothesis: His confirmation hearing took place on January 24, 2013, before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, the same panel where he first testified in 1971.


Premise: What percentage of Hondurans have African blood mixed in with the rest of their ancestry?

Hypothesis: About five percent of the population are of full-blooded indigenous descent, but upwards to eighty percent more or the majority of Hondurans are mestizo or part-indigenous with European admixture, and about ten percent are of indigenous or African descent.


Premise: What century was the oldest known mosaic at the church discovered in 1990?

Hypothesis: The most important one was uncovered in 1990.


Premise: What group did Samuel Hoare set up in 1938?

Hypothesis: The WVS (Women's Voluntary Services for Civil Defence) was set up under the direction of Samuel Hoare, Home Secretary in 1938 specifically in the event of air raids.


Premise: Which war had the most U.S. casualties associated with it?

Hypothesis: The American Civil War was the costliest war for the U.S. in terms of casualties.


Premise: What was Jim Hendry promoted to?

Hypothesis: Most notably, they traded with the Pittsburgh Pirates for outfielder Kenny Lofton and third baseman Aramis Ramírez, and rode dominant pitching, led by Kerry Wood and Mark Prior, as the Cubs led the division down the stretch.


Premise: What actor was upset when Pia Toscano was eliminated on American Idol?

Hypothesis: Her elimination drew criticisms from some former Idol contestants, as well as actor Tom Hanks.


Premise: Along with pink eye and influenza, what other health issue was caused by the drought?

Hypothesis: This declaration activated support from US government agencies under the Republic's "free association" status with the United States, which provides humanitarian and other vital support.


Premise: Where do people who are an exception to egalitarianism live?

Hypothesis: Hunter-gatherers tend to have an egalitarian social ethos, although settled hunter-gatherers (for example, those inhabiting the Northwest Coast of North America) are an exception to this rule.


Premise: How is stepped speed control achieved?

Hypothesis: An advantage of the universal motor is that AC supplies may be used on motors which have some characteristics more common in DC motors, specifically high starting torque and very compact design if high running speeds are used.


Premise: Where did Nintendo provide a limited number of Twilight Princess previews?

Hypothesis: They also announced that Zelda would appear on the Wii (then codenamed "Revolution"), but it was not clear to the media if this meant Twilight Princess or a different game.


Premise: Which two groups of invertebrates have complex brains?

Hypothesis: Two groups of invertebrates have notably complex brains: arthropods (insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and others), and cephalopods (octopuses, squids, and similar molluscs).


Premise: Why was it not included in the series?

Hypothesis: Panzhihua earthquake for details.)


Premise: What allows genes for antibiotic resistance to be passed between individual cells?

Hypothesis: For example, the genes for antibiotic resistance are usually encoded on bacterial plasmids and can be passed between individual cells, even those of different species, via horizontal gene transfer.


Premise: What was the purpose of the Shengyang meeting?

Hypothesis: At the meeting it was decided to accelerate the construction of railways and airfields in the area, to increase the number of trucks available to the army, and to improve air defense by any means possible.


Premise: How many people were killed by bomb drops during the first World War?

Hypothesis: Around 280 short tons (250 t) (9,000 bombs) had been dropped, killing 1,413 people and injuring 3,500 more.


Premise: About how many of Gregory's letters were concerned with Constantinople or Italy?

Hypothesis: The register, or archived copies of the letters, of Pope Gregory the Great (pope 590–604) survived, and of those more than 850 letters, the vast majority were concerned with affairs in Italy or Constantinople.


Premise: By what date did Sony correct the issue with the system clock?

Hypothesis: Sony stated that the affected models incorrectly identified 2010 as a leap year, because of a bug in the BCD method of storing the date.


Premise: What Foundation wanted to aid Beijing?

Hypothesis: Beijing accepted the aid of the Tzu Chi Foundation from Taiwan late on May 13.


Premise: Where does Miami rank among American cities by population?

Hypothesis: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Miami's metro area is the eighth-most populous and fourth-largest urban area in the United States, with a population of around 5.5 million.


Premise: Who informed Victoria of her Uncle's passing and that she was now to become Queen of England?

Hypothesis: Official documents prepared on the first day of her reign described her as Alexandrina Victoria, but the first name was withdrawn at her own wish and not used again.


Premise: Which sectors have experienced a reduction in federal government expenditures?

Hypothesis: While the sectors social welfare and finance & tax have been growing from 35% in 1990 to 48.2% in 2010, a significant reduction of expenditures has been occurring in the sectors of agriculture and national defense; from 26.5% in to 12.4% (estimation for the year 2015).


Premise: What did  seismologist Gary Gibson have to say about the prediction of the quake?

Hypothesis: In a press conference held by the State Council Information Office the day after the earthquake, geologist Zhang Xiaodong, deputy director of CEA's Seismic Monitoring Network Center, restated that earthquake prediction was a global issue, in the sense that no proven methods exist, and that no prediction notification was received before the earthquake.


Premise: What plagues the Guam dry season?

Hypothesis: Wildfires plague the forested areas of Guam every dry season despite the island's humid climate.


Premise: Which term does the Quran use to refer to itself as "scripture"?

Hypothesis: Such terms include kitāb (book); āyah (sign); and sūrah (scripture).


Premise: What popular Swedish company opened a new store in the West Quay site in 2009?

Hypothesis: Southampton's largest retail centre, and 35th largest in the UK, is the WestQuay Shopping Centre, which opened in September 2000 and hosts major high street stores including John Lewis and Marks and Spencer.


Premise: To what city was Henry Brown shipped as freight?

Hypothesis: To facilitate the transfer of cargo from the flat-bottomed bateaux above the fall line to the ocean-faring ships below, George Washington helped design the James River and Kanawha Canal in the 18th century to bypass Richmond's rapids, with the intent of providing a water route across the Appalachians to the Kanawha River.


Premise: What was the title of Beyonce's mother's book?

Hypothesis: Her mother co-wrote a book, published in 2002, titled Destiny's Style an account of how fashion had an impact on the trio's success.


Premise: Who was in control of Estonia for most of the country's history?

Hypothesis: After centuries of Danish, Swedish and German rule the native Estonians started to yearn for independence during the period of national awakening while being governed by the Russian Empire.


Premise: What Industry did the bishop hurt

Hypothesis: The relations between the bishop, who controlled many lands outside of the city, and the citizens of Utrecht was not always easy.


Premise: What fraction of Michigan's homicides occurred in Detroit?

Hypothesis: Although the rate of violent crime dropped 11 percent in 2008, violent crime in Detroit has not declined as much as the national average from 2007 to 2011.


Premise: Where does the Yangtze River flow in Nanjing?

Hypothesis: Yangtze is Huai River basin and south to it


Premise: What type of story was the Romulus and Remus tale?

Hypothesis: The myth of a Trojan founding with Greek influence was reconciled through an elaborate genealogy (the Latin kings of Alba Longa) with the well-known legend of Rome's founding by Romulus and Remus.


Premise: What type of aircraft is used to deliver troops and weapons to military operations?

Hypothesis: These aircraft are largely defined in terms of their range capability as strategic airlift (C-5), strategic/tactical (C-17), and tactical (C-130) airlift to reflect the needs of the land forces they most often support.


Premise: People who have cats or dogs make fewer visits where?

Hypothesis: Studies suggesting that there are benefits to physical health and psychological wellbeing have been criticised for being poorly controlled, and finding that "[t]he health of elderly people is related to their health habits and social supports but not to their ownership of, or attachment to, a companion animal."


Premise: Who triggered the Persian Revolt?

Hypothesis: The conquest of Media was a result of what is called the Persian Revolt.


Premise: Pig iron is composed of iron and what else?

Hypothesis: Pig iron has a lower melting point than iron, and was used for making cast-iron.


Premise: What was occasionally visible in grander buildings?

Hypothesis: Internal courtyards became more rare, except beside the stables, and the functional parts of the building were placed at the sides, or in separate buildings nearby hidden by trees.


Premise: Where are the villages of Wengen and Zermatt located?

Hypothesis: Some high mountain villages, such as Avoriaz (in France), Wengen, and Zermatt (in Switzerland) are accessible only by cable car or cog-rail trains, and are car free.


Premise: What's a rough translation of "pardos"?

Hypothesis: While assimilated Amerindians and people with very high quantities of Amerindian ancestry are usually grouped as caboclos, a subgroup of pardos which roughly translates as both mestizo and hillbilly, for those of lower quantity of Amerindian descent a higher European genetic contribution is expected to be grouped as a pardo.


Premise: Who were increasingly included as African Americans in the 20th century?

Hypothesis: After the Civil War, racial segregation forced African Americans to share more of a common lot in society than they might have given widely varying ancestry, educational and economic levels.


Premise: When was logical empricism formulated?

Hypothesis: Logical empiricism (also logical positivism or neopositivism) was an early 20th-century attempt to synthesize the essential ideas of British empiricism (e.g. a strong emphasis on sensory experience as the basis for knowledge) with certain insights from mathematical logic that had been developed by Gottlob Frege and Ludwig Wittgenstein.


Premise: Who became Prime Minister in 1997?

Hypothesis: Blair, who had radically altered his party's image and policies, noting the influence the paper could have over its readers' political thinking, had courted it (and Murdoch) for some time by granting exclusive interviews and writing columns.


Premise: When did the Canadian Armed Forced become to be?

Hypothesis: Thereafter, a distinctly Canadian army and navy was established, followed by an air force, that, because of the constitutional arrangements at the time, remained effectively under the control of the British government until Canada gained legislative independence from the United Kingdom in 1931, in part due to the distinguished achievement and sacrifice of the Canadian Corps in the First World War.


Premise: Is Port Phillip generally warmer or colder than the surrounding oceans and/or the land mass?

Hypothesis: Port Phillip is often warmer than the surrounding oceans and/or the land mass, particularly in spring and autumn; this can set up a "bay effect" similar to the "lake effect" seen in colder climates where showers are intensified leeward of the bay.


Premise: What was a great concern of many Chinese troops?

Hypothesis: On 1 March 1951 Mao sent a cable to Stalin, in which he emphasized the difficulties faced by Chinese forces and the urgent need for air cover, especially over supply lines.


Premise: What helped ATC controllers in their drive ot keep ahead of the postwar boom in commercial air transportation?

Hypothesis: The application of radar to ATC helped controllers in their drive to keep abreast of the postwar boom in commercial air transportation.


Premise: When did the lodges without prior authorisations apply to be recognized?

Hypothesis: Other lodges in the colony obtained authorisations from the later Antient Grand Lodge of England, the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and the Grand Lodge of Ireland, which was particularly well represented in the travelling lodges of the British Army.


Premise: Which body can remove the Supreme Leader at any time by constitutional right?

Hypothesis: The Assembly of Experts, which meets for one week annually, comprises 86 "virtuous and learned" clerics elected by adult suffrage for eight-year terms.


Premise: What is the Arabic term meaning canon?

Hypothesis: the Romance-language ancestors of the English word "cane").


Premise: How many terms in a row can a person serve as mayor?

Hypothesis: Each term for the mayor and council members lasts four years and has a three consecutive-term limit, but can resume after a four-year break.


Premise: What ocean influinces the climate of North Carolinas coastal plain?

Hypothesis: The climate of the coastal plain is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean, which keeps conditions mild in winter and moderate, although humid, in summer.


Premise: Who founded Plymouth Porcelain?

Hypothesis: As an associate and host of engineer John Smeaton he was indirectly involved with the development of the Eddystone Lighthouse.


Premise: In hopes of not repeating another mistake, which show did PepsiCo sponsor?

Hypothesis: What the Los Angeles Times later called "missing one of the biggest marketing opportunities in a generation" contributed to Pepsi losing market share, by 2010 falling to third place from second in the United States.


Premise: In what period did Universal produce Hugh Herbert comedies?

Hypothesis: By the early 1940s, the company was concentrating on lower-budget productions that were the company's main staple: westerns, melodramas, serials and sequels to the studio's horror pictures, the latter now solely B pictures.


Premise: When was Nazi Germany in a one-party system?

Hypothesis: North Korea and China are examples; others can be found in Fascist states, such as Nazi Germany between 1934 and 1945.


Premise: What are the only forms of public transport to and from the city's main airports?

Hypothesis: Buses and taxis are the only forms of public transport to and from the city's main airports.


Premise: When did the Mayor's Trophy Game end?

Hypothesis: Several MLB teams used to play regular exhibition games during the year against nearby teams in the other major league, but regular-season interleague play has made such games unnecessary.


Premise: Where did the torch route start in Buenos Aires?

Hypothesis: Argentina: The torch relay leg in Buenos Aires, Argentina, held on April 11, began with an artistic show at the Lola Mora amphitheatre in Costanera Sur.


Premise: When was ORT Uruguay officially certified as a private university?

Hypothesis: ORT Uruguay was first established as a non-profit organization in 1942, and was officially certified as a private university in September 1996, becoming the second private educational institution in the country to achieve that status.[citation needed]


Premise: How is the complex capacitance mathematically represented with the dielectric present?

Hypothesis: (Measurement "without the dielectric" in principle means measurement in free space, an unattainable goal inasmuch as even the quantum vacuum is predicted to exhibit nonideal behavior, such as dichroism.


Premise: What mathematician advance Greek Science?

Hypothesis: Greek Science was advanced by the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes.


Premise: About how many birds are released onto shooting estates every year?

Hypothesis: Shooting as practised in Britain, as opposed to traditional hunting, requires little questing for game—around thirty-five million birds are released onto shooting estates every year, some having been factory farmed.


Premise: What age segment of the population of Southampton is projected to increase the most?

Hypothesis: Hampshire County Council expects the city's population to grow by around a further two per cent between 2006 and 2013, adding around another 4,200 to the total number of residents.


Premise: What war is considered to be the last Roman pacification in Northern Africa?

Hypothesis: It constituted the final Roman pacification of Northern Africa, after which Rome largely ceased expansion on the continent after reaching natural barriers of desert and mountain.


Premise: What is the overall party strategy for minority leader?

Hypothesis: In brief, minority leaders are key strategists in developing and promoting the party's agenda and in outlining ways to neutralize the opposition's arguments and proposals.


Premise: Where could the Morrison shelters be used?

Hypothesis: Communal shelters never housed more than one seventh of Greater London residents, however.


Premise: What structures can be viewed as both works of art and symbols of certain cultures?

Hypothesis: Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art.


Premise: What is the drawback of using antibiotics if agriculture?

Hypothesis: There are many types of antibiotics and each class inhibits a process that is different in the pathogen from that found in the host.


Premise: What was the magnitude of the southern Sichuan quake?

Hypothesis: Panzhihua earthquake for details.)


Premise: Which side of the road do vehicles on Cyprus drive on?

Hypothesis: Cyprus is one of only four EU nations in which vehicles drive on the left-hand side of the road, a remnant of British colonisation (the others being Ireland, Malta and the United Kingdom).


Premise: When did construction of the Fine Arts Palace end?

Hypothesis: Its construction began during the presidency of Porfirio Díaz and ended in 1934, after being interrupted by the Mexican Revolution in the 1920s.


Premise: What is Link's job at the start of Twilight Princess?

Hypothesis: Twilight Princess takes place several centuries after Ocarina of Time and Majora's Mask, and begins with a youth named Link who is working as a ranch hand in Ordon Village.


Premise: What were the 158 relief workers doing when they were killed?

Hypothesis: This estimate includes 158 earthquake relief workers who were killed in landslides as they tried to repair roads.


Premise: What percentage of Charleston County's was black in 1875?

Hypothesis: In 1875, blacks made up 57% of the city's population, and 73% of Charleston County.


Premise: Someone measuring the thickness of paper in the UK is likely to use what unit?

Hypothesis: The thickness of paper is often measured by caliper, which is typically given in thousandths of an inch in the United States and in thousandths of a mm in the rest of the world.


Premise: The United States has how many Freemason members?

Hypothesis: In the United States total membership is just under two million.


Premise: Which ally of Germany was most surprised by the signing of the agreement?

Hypothesis: The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was received with shock by Nazi Germany's allies, notably Japan, by the Comintern and foreign communist parties, and by Jewish communities all around the world.


Premise: Along which river did they hunt bison?

Hypothesis: During the 14th century in the northeastern part of the state nomad tribes by the name of Jornado hunted bison along the Rio Grande; they left numerous rock paintings throughout the northeastern part of the state.


Premise: How many national highway bridges in Oklahoma were found to be deficient in 2010?

Hypothesis: In 2008, Interstate 44 in Oklahoma City was Oklahoma's busiest highway, with a daily traffic volume of 123,300 cars.


Premise: This produces many modes of vibration that occur simultaneously?

Hypothesis: A sound generated on any instrument produces many modes of vibration that occur simultaneously.


Premise: What didn't Dobrovský think Czech had a chance of returning as?

Hypothesis: Dobrovský had intended his book to be descriptive, and did not think Czech had a realistic chance of returning as a major language.


Premise: How many ethnicities or federal agencies required to use in data collection?

Hypothesis: The federal government of the United States has mandated that "in data collection and presentation, federal agencies are required to use a minimum of two ethnicities: 'Hispanic or Latino' and 'Not Hispanic or Latino'.


Premise: What else, besides direction, is asymmetry attributable to?

Hypothesis: In short, such asymmetry is attributable to the relationship between temporal direction on the one hand and the implications of form and functional capacity on the other.


Premise: Why was this work considered to be important?

Hypothesis: It later served as an inspiration to Christian monastics in both the East and the West.


Premise: What does Saint Helena have the most expensive of?

Hypothesis: Saint Helena produces what is said to be the most expensive coffee in the world.


Premise: When did Britain first invade Afghanistan?

Hypothesis: In 1839, Britain moved to pre-empt this by invading Afghanistan, but the First Anglo-Afghan War was a disaster for Britain.


Premise: What was Zhou's ineffective response to the issue plaguing the PVA?

Hypothesis: Zhou attempted to respond to the PVA's logistical concerns by increasing Chinese production and improving methods of supply, but these efforts were never completely sufficient.


Premise: After freedom was won by the Greeks who was of import to forming the rules  ?

Hypothesis: During and after the Greek War of Independence, Greeks of the diaspora were important in establishing the fledgling state, raising funds and awareness abroad.


Premise: What clothing was Queen Victoria laid to rest in?

Hypothesis: In 1897, Victoria had written instructions for her funeral, which was to be military as befitting a soldier's daughter and the head of the army, and white instead of black.


Premise: The first electric elevator, built in 1880, was in what Country?

Hypothesis: His elevator ran faster and with larger loads than hydraulic or steam elevators, and 584 electric elevators were installed before Sprague sold his company to the Otis Elevator Company in 1895.


Premise: How large is the Unitary Authority of Plymouth in square miles?

Hypothesis: In the Sound is Drake's Island which is seen from Plymouth Hoe, a flat public area on top of limestone cliffs.


Premise: What model is the most popular aicraft in Alaska?

Hypothesis: The smallest towns and villages must rely on scheduled or chartered bush flying services using general aviation aircraft such as the Cessna Caravan, the most popular aircraft in use in the state.


Premise: How many votes were cast by season ten for all contestants?

Hypothesis: Viewers are allowed to vote as many times as they can within the two-hour voting window.


Premise: What is the name of the president who was the first torchbearer in Almaty?

Hypothesis: Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev.


Premise: What are the types of international duties of the PR mission?

Hypothesis: PR also enhances the development of an effective, global capacity to protect and recover isolated personnel wherever they are placed at risk; deny an adversary's ability to exploit a nation through propaganda; and develop joint, interagency, and international capabilities that contribute to crisis response and regional stability.


Premise: How much land was the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market built on?

Hypothesis: The $500 million shopping center, which was completed in 2009, saw the construction of new buildings and two smaller buildings, one new and the other a renovation of an existing building that was part of the original market.


Premise: Fossils with teeth, clawed fingers and a long lizard-like tail have what type of characteristics?

Hypothesis: It is not considered a direct ancestor of birds, though it is possibly closely related to the true ancestor.


Premise: What is the landscape of Eichsfeld?

Hypothesis: The central and northern part of Thuringia is defined by the 3000 km² wide Thuringian Basin, a very fertile and flat area around the Unstrut river and completely surrounded by the following hill chains (clockwise from the north-west):


Premise: What is the other name for the street trams?

Hypothesis: The evidence of this mode of running can still be seen on the track down the slope on the northern access to the abandoned Kingsway Tramway Subway in central London, United Kingdom, where the slot between the running rails is clearly visible, and on P and Q Streets west of Wisconsin Avenue in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington DC, where the abandoned tracks have not been paved over.


Premise: When was the Rebellion of the Seven States?

Hypothesis: At the beginning of the Western Han dynasty, thirteen centrally controlled commanderies—including the capital region—existed in the western third of the empire, while the eastern two-thirds were divided into ten semi-autonomous kingdoms.


Premise: What countries frowned upon this hunting?

Hypothesis: In Nordic countries, hunting for trophies was—and still is—frowned upon.


Premise: If you were to position your receiver closer to the ground what might be a negative of this placement?

Hypothesis: The difference in the above factors for the case of θ=0 is the reason that most broadcasting (transmissions intended for the public) uses vertical polarization.


Premise: The reference to France as Tsarefat was taken from which biblical passage?

Hypothesis: Sometime in the early medieval period, the Jews of central and eastern Europe came to be called by this term.


Premise: In what year did Ferguson publish An Essay on the History of Civil Society?

Hypothesis: In his 1767 An Essay on the History of Civil Society, Ferguson uses the four stages of progress, a theory that was very popular in Scotland at the time, to explain how humans advance from a hunting and gathering society to a commercial and civil society without "signing" a social contract.


Premise: Where does informal learning usually take place?

Hypothesis: It is not necessarily planned to be pedagogically conscious, systematic and according to subjects, but rather unconsciously incidental, holistically problem-related, and related to situation management and fitness for life.


Premise: What did Ehrenstein say Obama does for white people?

Hypothesis: Ehrenstein went on to say "He's there to assuage white 'guilt' they feel over the role of slavery and racial segregation in American history."


Premise: What Roman battle took place in the year 446 BC?

Hypothesis: One by one Rome defeated both the persistent Sabines and the local cities, both those under Etruscan control and those that had cast off their Etruscan rulers.


Premise: What did the document attempt to clarify ?

Hypothesis: But the report expressed concerns that the Roman Catholic dogmatic definitions of these concepts implies them to be "revealed by God", stating: "The question arises for Anglicans, however, as to whether these doctrines concerning Mary are revealed by God in a way which must be held by believers as a matter of faith."


Premise: What is the primary instrument of Guinea-Bissau?

Hypothesis: The calabash is the primary musical instrument of Guinea-Bissau, and is used in extremely swift and rhythmically complex dance music.


Premise: When Konya Technical University opens, how many total institutes of technology will there be in Turkey and the Ottoman Empire?

Hypothesis: Moreover, a sixth technical university is about to be opened in Konya named Konya Technical University.


Premise: What institute at Notre Dame studies  the reasons for violent conflict?

Hypothesis: The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame is dedicated to research, education and outreach on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace.


Premise: What factor lead to a decrease in department store shoppers?

Hypothesis: In 2003, U.S. department store sales were surpassed by big-box store sales for the first time (though some stores may be classified as "big box" by physical layout and "department store" by merchandise).


Premise: How many pumping stations are there in the sewer system?

Hypothesis: The city campaigned against an Associated Press report that the high levels of I-131 were the results of local gas drilling in the Upper Delaware River.[citation needed]


Premise: When was Lincoln elected?

Hypothesis: On April 12, 1861, forces of the South (known as the Confederate States of America or simply the Confederacy) opened fire on Fort Sumter, whose garrison was loyal to the Union.


Premise: When did William Graham Sumner teach?

Hypothesis: William Graham Sumner, professor from 1872 to 1909, taught in the emerging disciplines of economics and sociology to overflowing classrooms.


Premise: What detrimental effects are varmint species often responsible for visiting on?

Hypothesis: Varmint species are often responsible for detrimental effects on crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets.


Premise: Most of Tennessee has which type of climate?

Hypothesis: The Gulf of Mexico is the dominant factor in the climate of Tennessee, with winds from the south being responsible for most of the state's annual precipitation.


Premise: Where are tornadoes most common on Earth?

Hypothesis: The Southwest has the worst droughts; one is thought to have lasted over 500 years and to have hurt Ancestral Pueblo peoples.


Premise: How many copies of her albums as Beyonce sold in the US?

Hypothesis: As a solo artist she has sold over 15 million albums in the US, and over 118 million records worldwide (a further 60 million additionally with Destiny's Child), making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time.


Premise: Padma Vibhushan E. Sreedharan was popularly known by what nickname?

Hypothesis: The Delhi Metro project was spearheaded by Padma Vibhushan E. Sreedharan, the Managing Director of DMRC and popularly known as the "Metro Man" of India.


Premise: How many new people move to Seattle each year?

Hypothesis: The city has found itself "bursting at the seams," with over 45,000 households spending more than half their income on housing and at least 2,800 people homeless, and with the country's sixth-worst rush hour traffic.


Premise: What is the literal meaning of Theotokos?

Hypothesis: The Eastern and Oriental Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran Churches believe that Mary, as Mother of Jesus, is the Mother of God and the Theotokos, literally "Giver of birth to God".


Premise: What is the main effect of gender in Czech?

Hypothesis: The main effect of gender in Czech is the difference in noun and adjective declension, but other effects include past-tense verb endings: for example, dělal (he did, or made); dělala (she did, or made) and dělalo (it did, or made).


Premise: How much of South Tucson is Mexican-American?

Hypothesis: The population consists of about 83% Mexican-American and 10% Native American residents.


Premise: What is one of the heaviest migratory funnels?

Hypothesis: This is a notable factor in the Central American migratory bottleneck.


Premise: When did Britain announce plans to withdraw from Palestine?

Hypothesis: Frustrated by the intractability of the problem, attacks by Jewish paramilitary organisations and the increasing cost of maintaining its military presence, Britain announced in 1947 that it would withdraw in 1948 and leave the matter to the United Nations to solve.


Premise: When was the University of Berlin founded?

Hypothesis: The University of Berlin founded in 1810 by linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt served as an influential model for a number of modern western universities.


Premise: What are potential sources of cellulosic biomass?

Hypothesis: Dedicated energy crops, such as switchgrass, are also promising cellulose sources that can be sustainably produced in many regions.


Premise: At what military installation was the 15th Infantry based?

Hypothesis: Although his administrative abilities had been noticed, on the eve of the U.S. entry into World War II he had never held an active command above a battalion and was far from being considered by many as a potential commander of major operations.


Premise: Who was Napoleon's father?

Hypothesis: Napoleon was born on 15 August 1769, to Carlo Maria di Buonaparte and Maria Letizia Ramolino, in his family's ancestral home Casa Buonaparte in Ajaccio, the capital of the island of Corsica.


Premise: Along with New Yorkese, what is another name for the New York dialect?

Hypothesis: The New York area is home to a distinctive regional speech pattern called the New York dialect, alternatively known as Brooklynese or New Yorkese.


Premise: Who was the "Father of Route 66"?

Hypothesis: Tulsa eventually became known as the "Oil Capital of the World" for most of the 20th century and oil investments fueled much of the state's early economy.


Premise: What did Berkeley consider things like matter to be?

Hypothesis: Subjective Idealism (immaterialism or phenomenalism) describes a relationship between experience and the world in which objects are no more than collections or "bundles" of sense data in the perceiver.


Premise: Did the actions of the Chinese fix their problems?

Hypothesis: At the meeting it was decided to accelerate the construction of railways and airfields in the area, to increase the number of trucks available to the army, and to improve air defense by any means possible.


Premise: What happened in Federalist No. 28

Hypothesis: In "Federalist No. 46," James Madison asserted that the states and national government "are in fact but different agents and trustees of the people, constituted with different powers."


Premise: NICE decides the availability of drugs in which two countries?

Hypothesis: In many non-US western countries a 'fourth hurdle' of cost effectiveness analysis has developed before new technologies can be provided.


Premise: The head of the Dominican Order is known as what?

Hypothesis: Members of the order generally carry the letters O.P., standing for Ordinis Praedicatorum, meaning of the Order of Preachers, after their names.


Premise: When did the Australian mandolin movement begin?

Hypothesis: Phil Skinner played a key role in 20th century development of the mandolin movement in Australia, and was awarded an MBE in 1979 for services to music and the community.


Premise: Which Iranian cardiologist developed and invented the first artificial cardiac pump?

Hypothesis: In 1960, Ali Javan co-invented the first gas laser, and fuzzy set theory was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh.


Premise: How much does a Samba costume typically run an average tourist to buy?

Hypothesis: Local tourists pay $500–950, depending on the costume, to buy a Samba costume and dance in the parade.


Premise: Which subject did Feynman and Carl both enjoy?

Hypothesis: Feynman had a great deal of success teaching Carl, using, for example, discussions about ants and Martians as a device for gaining perspective on problems and issues.


Premise: How many reported murders were there in 2008?

Hypothesis: Through December 20 each of 2014 and 2015, the Boston Police Department reported 52 and 39 homicides, respectively.


Premise: The vast majority of the Jewish victims of the Holocaust spoke which language?

Hypothesis: The Holocaust also effectively put an end to the dynamic development of the Yiddish language in the previous decades, as the vast majority of the Jewish victims of the Holocaust, around 5 million, were Yiddish speakers.


Premise: According to the 2011 World Health Report, where does New Delhi rank in terms of economic activity?

Hypothesis: New Delhi with Beijing shares the top position as the most targeted emerging markets retail destination among Asia-Pacific markets.


Premise: For how much more time was the molten steel supposed to cool when the computer mix-up happened in the German steel facility?

Hypothesis: A common strategy to resolve these problems in computer systems is to express time using the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) rather than the local time zone.


Premise: What replaced the Windows Explorer comman bar?

Hypothesis: A new "File History" function allows incremental revisions of files to be backed up to and restored from a secondary storage device, while Storage Spaces allows users to combine different sized hard disks into virtual drives and specify mirroring, parity, or no redundancy on a folder-by-folder basis.


Premise: How many sexes of annelids were there originally?

Hypothesis: It is thought that annelids were originally animals with two separate sexes, which released ova and sperm into the water via their nephridia.


Premise: What cancer can be caused by too much time in the sun?

Hypothesis: DST may help in depression by causing individuals to rise earlier, but some argue the reverse.


Premise: Which article of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties provides that there is a presumption that treaties cannot be unilaterally denounced?

Hypothesis: As obligations in international law are traditionally viewed as arising only from the consent of states, many treaties expressly allow a state to withdraw as long as it follows certain procedures of notification.


Premise: Where is Cedar Ridge Country Club?

Hypothesis: Regular LPGA tournaments are held at Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa, and major championships for the PGA or LPGA have been played at Southern Hills Country Club in Tulsa, Oak Tree Country Club in Oklahoma City, and Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa.


Premise: If bob remembered how to bake a cake after seeing this on television what memory is he using?

Hypothesis: It can best be summarized as remember how to do something.


Premise: Who damaged the Pashupatinath Temple in the 14th century?

Hypothesis: However, a significant part of the temple was destroyed by Mughal invaders in the 14th century and little or nothing remains of the original 5th-century temple exterior.


Premise: When did the alternative comics movement begin?

Hypothesis: The underground gave birth to the alternative comics movement in the 1980s and its mature, often experimental content in non-superhero genres.


Premise: What can typically cause mass extinctions?

Hypothesis: More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct.


Premise: When the bomber crossed the first beam the bomber-aimer did what?

Hypothesis: When the third cross-beam was reached the bomb aimer activated a third trigger, which stopped the first hand of the equipment's clock, with the second hand continuing.


Premise: What was Wesley Clark's former job?

Hypothesis: In the 2004 Democratic presidential primaries, John Kerry defeated several Democratic rivals, including Sen. John Edwards (D-North Carolina.), former Vermont Governor Howard Dean and retired Army General Wesley Clark.


Premise: Why did the FCC reject systems such as MUSE?

Hypothesis: Several systems were proposed as the new standard for the US, including the Japanese MUSE system, but all were rejected by the FCC because of their higher bandwidth requirements.


Premise: What are the two main divisions of Iranian tongues?

Hypothesis: Confusing the issue is the introduction of a western Iranian substrate in later Avestan compositions and redactions undertaken at the centers of imperial power in western Iran (either in the south-west in Persia, or in the north-west in Nisa/Parthia and Ecbatana/Media).


Premise: When was Victoria's Golden Jubilee?

Hypothesis: Equerry Frederick Ponsonby (the son of Sir Henry) discovered that the Munshi had lied about his parentage, and reported to Lord Elgin, Viceroy of India, "the Munshi occupies very much the same position as John Brown used to do.


Premise: What falls under the informal learning umbrella?

Hypothesis: Informal learning usually takes place outside educational establishments, does not follow a specified curriculum and may originate accidentally, sporadically, in association with certain occasions, from changing practical requirements.


Premise: When was Freddie Mercury's deathbed confession made?

Hypothesis: Bohemian Rhapsody" was re-released as a single shortly after Mercury's death


Premise: What award did Gilbert refuse in 1998?

Hypothesis: In contrast to previous definitions based solely on the degree of Aboriginal ancestry, in 1990 the Government changed the legal definition of Aboriginal to include any:


Premise: How many Estonians chose to retreat or flee when in anticipation of another Soviet invasion?

Hypothesis: In the face of the country being re-occupied by the Red Army, tens of thousands of Estonians (including a majority of the education, culture, science, political and social specialists) chose to either retreat with the Germans or flee to Finland or Sweden where they sought refuge in other western countries, often by refugee ships such as the SS Walnut.


Premise: Continued fighting transpired between the Armenians and Soviets in which city?

Hypothesis: The pogrom of Armenians in Baku in January 1990 forced almost all of the 200,000 Armenians in the Azerbaijani capital Baku to flee to Armenia.


Premise: What does BIS stand for?

Hypothesis: Additionally the headquarters of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) are located in Basel since 1930.


Premise: Which northern country do the Rocky Mountains terminate at?

Hypothesis: The Great Plains come to an abrupt end at the Rocky Mountains.


Premise: What does Ashkenaz mean in Hebrew?

Hypothesis: The more common term in Israel for many of those broadly called Sephardim, is Mizrahim (lit. "


Premise: Do states have access to CJIS?

Hypothesis: Many state and local agencies use these data systems as a source for their own investigations and contribute to the database using secure communications.


Premise: Southampton's railways provide freight services and what other important services?

Hypothesis: Both this and its successor the Southern Railway (UK) played a significant role in the creation of the modern port following their purchase and development of the town's docks.


Premise: In what theater are the British Academy film awards presented?

Hypothesis: London has played a significant role in the film industry, and has major studios at Ealing and a special effects and post-production community centred in Soho.


Premise: Residents of what particular area have awareness of this link to Native American heritage?

Hypothesis: The best-known examples were the Algonquian peoples who were exiled from the southern New England colonies and sold into slavery in the 17th century, notably in the aftermaths of the Pequot and King Philip's wars.


Premise: What is the average snowfall per year in the City of Boston?

Hypothesis: There is also high year-to-year variability in snowfall; for instance, the winter of 2011–12 saw only 9.3 in (23.6 cm) of accumulating snow, but the previous winter, the corresponding figure was 81.0 in (2.06 m).[d]


Premise: Why did Blacks move to Detroit in the middle if the 20th century?

Hypothesis: Detroit remains one of the most racially segregated cities in the United States.


Premise: Which American bands had ties to the Manchester punk scene?

Hypothesis: A variety of subsequent groups, including New York-based Talking Heads and Boston-based Mission of Burma, combined elements of punk with art school sensibilities.


Premise: How many mobile phone manufacturers signed the EU's common EPS (MoU)?

Hypothesis: 14 of the world's largest mobile phone manufacturers signed the EU's common EPS Memorandum of Understanding (MoU).


Premise: How many Herero's were killed in the war against German occupiers?

Hypothesis: From 1904 to 1907, the Herero and the Namaqua took up arms against the Germans and in calculated punitive action by the German occupiers, the 'first genocide of the Twentieth Century' was committed.


Premise: Increased size and capacity of the heart and lungs result in what changes to the body?

Hypothesis: Pubertal development also affects circulatory and respiratory systems as an adolescents' heart and lungs increase in both size and capacity.


Premise: Ossetic is a version of which Scythian language?

Hypothesis: This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region.


Premise: When did Amdo come under Qing control?

Hypothesis: Qing dynasty rule in Tibet began with their 1720 expedition to the country when they expelled the invading Dzungars.


Premise: What is the highest ever recorded temperature in New Delhi?

Hypothesis: New Delhi's highest temperature ever recorded is 49.1 °C (120.4 °F) while the lowest temperature ever recorded is −3.2 °C (26.2 °F).


Premise: What kind of court system does Israel have?

Hypothesis: Although Israel supports the goals of the International Criminal Court, it has not ratified the Rome Statute, citing concerns about the ability of the court to remain free from political impartiality.


Premise: What does IBM stand for?

Hypothesis: CTR was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924, a name which Thomas J. Watson first used for a CTR Canadian subsidiary.


Premise: The state's economy was largely defined by these two industries.

Hypothesis: At the expense of the working class, the Díaz administration promoted economic growth by encouraging investment from foreign companies from the United Kingdom, France, Imperial Germany and the United States.


Premise: Which group of nations did Nguesso side the Congo with?

Hypothesis: Over the years, Sassou had to rely more on political repression and less on patronage to maintain his dictatorship.


Premise: Who founded Valencia?

Hypothesis: At its founding by the Romans, it stood on a river island in the Turia, 6.4 km (4 mi) from the sea.


Premise: Modern Greek theater began when?

Hypothesis: The modern Greek theatre was born after the Greek independence, in the early 19th century, and initially was influenced by the Heptanesean theatre and melodrama, such as the Italian opera.


Premise: How many wells has Tucson stopped using since 2001?

Hypothesis: To prevent further loss of groundwater, Tucson has been involved in water conservation and groundwater preservation efforts, shifting away from its reliance on a series of Tucson area wells in favor of conservation, consumption-based pricing for residential and commercial water use, and new wells in the more sustainable Avra Valley aquifer, northwest of the city.


Premise: What inventions advanced the study of cognitive science?

Hypothesis: New methods of visualizing the activity of the brain, such as PET scans and CAT scans, began to exert their influence as well, leading some researchers to investigate the mind by investigating the brain, rather than cognition.


Premise: When was "Everybody" released?

Hypothesis: However, she was not happy with the completed tracks and disagreed with Lucas' production techniques, so decided to seek additional help.


Premise: Who is credited with the papermaking process?

Hypothesis: The pulp papermaking process is ascribed to Cai Lun, a 2nd-century AD Han court eunuch.


Premise: What is the name of the IBM project that redirected $1 billion each year to increase energy efficiency?

Hypothesis: A year later, IBM unveiled Project Big Green, a re-direction of $1 billion per year across its businesses to increase energy efficiency.


Premise: What notable hurricane occurred between the 1980s and 1990s?

Hypothesis: Racial and cultural tensions were sometimes sparked, but the city developed in the latter half of the 20th century as a major international, financial, and cultural center.


Premise: Does botany only study plants?

Hypothesis: Traditionally, botany has also included the study of fungi and algae by mycologists and phycologists respectively, with the study of these three groups of organisms remaining within the sphere of interest of the International Botanical Congress.


Premise: In 2007 what percent of people were 12 and under?

Hypothesis: In 2007, about 48 percent of Malians were younger than 12 years old, 49 percent were 15–64 years old, and 3 percent were 65 and older.


Premise: Who oversees and manages the London Fire Brigade?

Hypothesis: It is run by the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority and is the third largest fire service in the world.


Premise: What is a secondary sex characteristic change?

Hypothesis: Changes in secondary sex characteristics include every change that is not directly related to sexual reproduction.


Premise: Chopin's father married who?

Hypothesis: Nicolas tutored children of the Polish aristocracy, and in 1806 married Justyna Krzyżanowska, a poor relative of the Skarbeks, one of the families for whom he worked.


Premise: What is the term for agnostics?

Hypothesis: These movements included, besides Buddhism, various skeptics (such as Sanjaya Belatthiputta), atomists (such as Pakudha Kaccayana), materialists (such as Ajita Kesakambali), antinomians (such as Purana Kassapa); the most important ones in the 5th century BCE were the Ajivikas, who emphasized the rule of fate, the Lokayata (materialists), the Ajnanas (agnostics) and the Jains, who stressed that the soul must be freed from matter.


Premise: In which direction were the dead facing when they were   buried?

Hypothesis: There are indications of seasonal or only temporary occupation of the Al Fayyum in the 6th millennium BCE, with food activities centering on fishing, hunting and food-gathering.


Premise: What was the foundation that was the direct result of the agreement?

Hypothesis: Other organisations claim progress has been made, but the protocol's 2005 deadlines have not yet been met.


Premise: The collision of the Indian sub continent and the Asian plate created which mountain range?

Hypothesis: This impact gave rise to the Himalayas.


Premise: What was being built that caused unpremeditated fighting on each side?

Hypothesis: On 5 September, another French bombardment (the sixth) was followed by an assault by the French Army on 8 September resulting in the capture of the Malakoff by the French, and following their failure to retake it, the collapse of the Russian defences.


Premise: TAFE Tasmania started a three-year restructuring in what year?

Hypothesis: www.polytechnic.tas.edu.au, Tasmanian Skills Institute www.skillsinstitute.tas.edu.au and Tasmanian Academy www.academy.tas.edu.au


Premise: When paired with any other allele for the same trait, what do dominant alleles give rise to?

Hypothesis: For example, if the allele specifying tall stems in pea plants is dominant over the allele specifying short stems, then pea plants that inherit one tall allele from one parent and one short allele from the other parent will also have tall stems.


Premise: The largest diplomatic enclave in India which contains 19 foreign embassies is located along which promenade?

Hypothesis: 19 foreign embassies are located on the nearby Shantipath (Hindi: "Path of Peace"), making it the largest diplomatic enclave in India.


Premise: What does the flounder of the Tuvalu myth represent?

Hypothesis: The stories as to the ancestors of the Tuvaluans vary from island to island.


Premise: Which crown did the King of Scotland inherit in 1603?

Hypothesis: When the monarchy was restored in England, the king found it politically impossible to restore all the lands of former land-owners in Ireland.


Premise: What concern did Mao have about the South Korean invasion?

Hypothesis: In April 1950, Stalin gave Kim permission to invade the South under the condition that Mao would agree to send reinforcements if they became needed.


Premise: What is the Schauspielhaus in English?

Hypothesis: The Opera House, the Schauspielhaus (Play House), the Ballhofeins, the Ballhofzwei and the Cumberlandsche Galerie belong to the Lower Saxony State Theatre.


Premise: Who won season two of American Idol?

Hypothesis: Concerns about power voting have been expressed from the very first season.


Premise: What is the Mexican name for the historic center?

Hypothesis: West of the Historic Center (Centro Histórico) along Paseo de la Reforma are many of the city's wealthiest neighborhoods such as Polanco, Lomas de Chapultepec, Bosques de las Lomas, Santa Fe, and (in the State of Mexico)


Premise: When was John appointed the Lord of Ireland?

Hypothesis: He was appointed the Lord of Ireland in 1177 and given lands in England and on the continent.


Premise: How long does it typically take to earn a Master's degree?

Hypothesis: A Master’s degree requires two years of study following the attainment of a bachelor's degree.


Premise: Is a child who excercies likely to perform better in school?

Hypothesis: The effects of exercise on memory have important implications for improving children's academic performance, maintaining mental abilities in old age, and the prevention and potential cure of neurological diseases.


Premise: Where did Schwarzenegger first meet Maria Shriver?

Hypothesis: " Schwarzenegger met Maria Shriver at the Robert F. Kennedy Tennis Tournament in August 1977, and went on to have a relationship with both women until August 1978, when Moray (who knew of his relationship with Shriver) issued an ultimatum.


Premise: How many individuals does PLASA represent?

Hypothesis: They lobby for and represent the interests of the industry at various levels, interacting with government and regulating bodies and presenting the case for the entertainment industry.


Premise: Of what language group is the Marshallese language?

Hypothesis: The two official languages are Marshallese, which is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, and English.


Premise: What language does the term Negrito come from?

Hypothesis: Negrito means "little black people" in Spanish (negrito is the Spanish diminutive of negro, i.e., "little black person"); it is what the Spaniards called the short-statured, hunter-gatherer autochthones that they encountered in the Philippines.


Premise: What characters are often non-standard?

Hypothesis: Since polysyllabic characters are often non-standard, they are often excluded incharcter dictionaries.


Premise: What is the world's oldest department store?

Hypothesis: John Lewis Newcastle (formerly Bainbridge) in Newcastle upon Tyne, is the world's oldest Department Store.


Premise: The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland includes approximately how many recordings of Chopin's work from Youtube?

Hypothesis: The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland lists on its website over eighty societies world-wide devoted to the composer and his music.


Premise: How many seats does the Pregones' new theater have?

Hypothesis: Some artists from elsewhere in New York City have begun to converge on the area, and housing prices have nearly quadrupled in the area since 2002.


Premise: What do Type-A receptacles do on host devices?

Hypothesis: This prevents users from accidentally connecting two USB power supplies to each other, which could lead to short circuits and dangerously high currents, circuit failures, or even fire.


Premise: Where did Washington University rank among private universities for National Merit Scholar freshman in 2006?

Hypothesis: In 2006, the university ranked fourth overall and second among private universities in the number of enrolled National Merit Scholar freshmen, according to the National Merit Scholar Corporation's annual report.


Premise: Who proposed this theory?

Hypothesis: When an electromagnetic wave strikes a plane surface such as the ground, part of the wave is transmitted into the ground and part of it is reflected, according to the Fresnel coefficients.


Premise: What were a large number of the local documents in regards to?

Hypothesis: Scholars have translated and analyzed these documents in what is called the New Philology to write histories of indigenous peoples from indigenous viewpoints.


Premise: Some cardinals are bishop in name only, what are they called?

Hypothesis: Though in modern times most cardinals are also bishops, the term "cardinal bishop" only refers to the cardinals who are titular bishops of one of the "suburbicarian" sees.


Premise: What did Congress do to the Executive Order that would have included financial considerations as a factor for a species to be listed?

Hypothesis: Congress rejected President Ronald Reagan's Executive Order 12291 which required economic analysis of all government agency actions.


Premise: How many people can be seated in a basketball game at TD Garden?

Hypothesis: The TD Garden, formerly called the FleetCenter and built to replace the old, since-demolished Boston Garden, is adjoined to North Station and is the home of two major league teams: the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League and the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association.


Premise: On what hill did construction of Lutyen's Bungalow Zone begin?

Hypothesis: Before construction could begin on the rocky ridge of Raisina Hill, a circular railway line around the Council House (now Parliament House), called the Imperial Delhi Railway, was built to transport construction material and workers for the next twenty years.


Premise: What was the central pond in the forecourt of a Ziggurat for?

Hypothesis: Ziggurats (Sumerian temples) each had an individual name and consisted of a forecourt, with a central pond for purification.


Premise: Who first discovered the basic properties of capacitors?

Hypothesis: Von Kleist's hand and the water acted as conductors, and the jar as a dielectric (although details of the mechanism were incorrectly identified at the time).


Premise: Who did Pinochet overthrow?

Hypothesis: One notable exception to Yugoslavia's neutral stance toward anti-communist countries was Chile under Pinochet; Yugoslavia was one of many countries which severed diplomatic relations with Chile after Salvador Allende was overthrown.


Premise: When did Georgia adopt Christianity?

Hypothesis: The region of modern Eastern Europe and Central Eurasia (Russia, Ukraine and other countries of the ex-USSR) have a long history of Christianity and Christian communities on its lands.


Premise: What can impact accurately assesing sexual identity?

Hypothesis: While the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and American Psychiatric Association state that sexual orientation is innate, continuous or fixed throughout their lives for some people, but is fluid or changes over time for others, the American Psychological Association distinguishes between sexual orientation (an innate attraction) and sexual orientation identity (which may change at any point in a person's life).


Premise: During what event was Legalism abolished?

Hypothesis: When the Communist Party of China took over power, previous schools of thought, excepting notably Legalism, were denounced as backward, and later even purged during the Cultural Revolution.


Premise: In what year did Rome claim victory against the city of Veii?

Hypothesis: Rome defeated Latin cities in the Battle of Lake Regillus in 496 BC, the Battle of Mons Algidus in 458 BC, the Battle of Corbione in 446 BC, the Battle of Aricia, and especially the Battle of the Cremera in 477 BC wherein it fought against the most important Etruscan city of Veii.


Premise: What happens with President's Rule?

Hypothesis: A distinguishing aspect of Indian federalism is that unlike many other forms of federalism, it is asymmetric.


Premise: What did Japan call the occupied group of Asian nations?

Hypothesis: This name was released to the public on 12 December, with an explanation that it involved Asian nations achieving their independence from the Western powers through armed forces of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.


Premise: What title does Nguesso hold?

Hypothesis: Multi-party elections have been held since 1992, although a democratically elected government was ousted in the 1997 Republic of the Congo Civil War and President Denis Sassou Nguesso has ruled for 26 of the past 36 years.


Premise: How did Houston rank in the U.S. for business?

Hypothesis: In 2006, the Houston metropolitan area ranked first in Texas and third in the U.S. within the Category of "Best Places for Business and Careers" by Forbes magazine.


Premise: Who granted the privilege of Piotrkow?

Hypothesis: On April 26, 1496 King John I Albert granted the Privilege of Piotrków (Polish: "Przywilej piotrkowski", "konstytucja piotrkowska" or "statuty piotrkowskie"), increasing the nobility's feudal power over serfs.


Premise: What was the purpose of Russell's group?

Hypothesis: In 1870, Charles Taze Russell and others formed a group in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to study the Bible.


Premise: How do both men and women often dress in offices in Eritrea?

Hypothesis: In the larger cities, most people dress in Western casual dress such as jeans and shirts.


Premise: When did early agricultural communities in Iran begin to appear and prosper?

Hypothesis: Around 10th to 8th millennium BC, early agricultural communities such as Chogha Golan and Chogha Bonut began to flourish in Iran, as well as Susa and Chogha Mish developing in and around the Zagros region.[page needed]


Premise: What historic hotel is downtown?

Hypothesis: Downtown area is home to historic neighborhoods and buildings such as the Sir Walter Raleigh Hotel built in the early 20th century, the restored City Market, the Fayetteville Street downtown business district, which includes the PNC Plaza and Wells Fargo Capitol Center buildings, as well as the North Carolina Museum of History, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, North Carolina State Capitol, Peace College, the Raleigh City Museum, Raleigh Convention Center, Shaw University, and St. Augustine's College.


Premise: What noted artist and writer made brought Daredevil to the forefront during the 1980s?

Hypothesis: Shooter brought Marvel into the rapidly evolving direct market, institutionalized creator royalties, starting with the Epic Comics imprint for creator-owned material in 1982; introduced company-wide crossover story arcs with Contest of Champions and Secret Wars; and in 1986 launched the ultimately unsuccessful New Universe line to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Marvel Comics imprint.


Premise: What is the variance in bitumen content rock asphalt?

Hypothesis: The bitumen content varies from 83% to 92% (soluble in carbon disulphide), with a penetration value near to zero and a softening point (ring & ball) around 120 °C.


Premise: Dominic's education helped him to overcome who?

Hypothesis: In Dominic's thinking, it was impossible for men to preach what they did not or could not understand.


Premise: In 2013 how many years had IBM generated the most patents by a business?

Hypothesis: Notable company inventions or developments include the automated teller machine (ATM), the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the relational database, the Universal Product Code (UPC), the financial swap, the Fortran programming language, SABRE airline reservation system, dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), copper wiring in semiconductors, the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) semiconductor manufacturing process, and Watson artificial intelligence.


Premise: What indigenous population is now virtually extinct?

Hypothesis: In 2005, Argentina's indigenous population (known as pueblos originarios) numbered about 600,329 (1.6% of total population); this figure includes 457,363 people who self-identified as belonging to an indigenous ethnic group and 142,966 who identified themselves as first-generation descendants of an indigenous people.


Premise: What was the focus of the Imperial College London?

Hypothesis: Imperial became an independent university from the University of London during its one hundred year anniversary.


Premise: What element can be found in thyroid glands?

Hypothesis: Eijkman cured the natives by feeding them brown rice, discovering that food can cure disease.


Premise: Who came up with the term transistor?

Hypothesis: Having unearthed Lilienfeld’s patents that went into obscurity years earlier, lawyers at Bell Labs advised against Shockley's proposal because the idea of a field-effect transistor that used an electric field as a "grid" was not new.


Premise: In what year was an agreement reached to ban mining in Antarctica?

Hypothesis: In 1998, a compromise agreement was reached to place an indefinite ban on mining, to be reviewed in 2048, further limiting economic development and exploitation.


Premise: What famous street was built during this period of modernization?

Hypothesis: While the initial focus was on developing modern hospitals, schools, factories and massive public works, perhaps the most long-lasting effects of the Porfirian modernization were creation of the Colonia Roma area and the development of Reforma Avenue.


Premise: What does a grey-box tester not need to run their test?

Hypothesis: Manipulating input data and formatting output do not qualify as grey-box, because the input and output are clearly outside of the "black box" that we are calling the system under test.


Premise: What agreement commits countries to develop resources for sustainability?

Hypothesis: The agreements commit countries to "conserve biodiversity", "develop resources for sustainability" and "share the benefits" resulting from their use.


Premise: What was the code name of the North African campaign?

Hypothesis: The campaign in North Africa was designated Operation Torch and was planned underground within the Rock of Gibraltar.


Premise: Where is a quadratic behavior not observed?

Hypothesis: The conductivity is varied by the electric field that is produced when a voltage is applied between the gate and source terminals; hence the current flowing between the drain and source is controlled by the voltage applied between the gate and source.


Premise: What book did Gaddafi publish that detailed his Third Internal Theory?

Hypothesis: He outlined his Third International Theory that year, publishing these ideas in The Green Book.


Premise: What is the most popular current affairs magazine in Namibia?

Hypothesis: Sister Namibia Magazine stands out as the longest running NGO magazine in Namibia, while Namibia Sport is the only national sport magazine.


Premise: What numbered department of the Supreme Court is located in Brooklyn?

Hypothesis: Each borough is coextensive with a judicial district of the state Unified Court System, of which the Criminal Court and the Civil Court are the local courts, while the New York Supreme Court conducts major trials and appeals.


Premise: Who conducted the research study?

Hypothesis: The study showed that students who actively listen to classical music before studying had higher academic scores.


Premise: What was the population in 2009?

Hypothesis: The city's population loss came to an end in the 21st century; the population estimate of July 2004 showed a population increase for the first time since 1954, and the population reached 2,234,000 by 2009.


Premise: In the 18th century what function, besides President, did the Delaware President serve?

Hypothesis: The President of Delaware was a member of the Court of Appeals; the presiding officers of the two houses of the state legislature also served in the executive department as Vice Presidents.


Premise: Rather than host the old festivals, what type of events does Nanjing host each year?

Hypothesis: The annual International Plum Blossom Festival held in Plum Blossom Hill, the largest plum collection in China, attracts thousands of tourists both domestically and internationally.


Premise: What is the economy of Boston?

Hypothesis: Encompassing $363 billion, the Greater Boston metropolitan area has the sixth-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in the world.


Premise: Which treaty did Canada ignore?

Hypothesis: The parliaments of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, the Irish Free State and Newfoundland were now independent of British legislative control, they could nullify British laws and Britain could no longer pass laws for them without their consent.


Premise: How many Hanoverian Jews were expelled in 1938?

Hypothesis: In October 1938, 484 Hanoverian Jews of Polish origin were expelled to Poland, including the Grynszpan family.


Premise: What is Richmond's southwestern suburb?

Hypothesis: Major suburbs include Midlothian to the southwest, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast.


Premise: What really determines whether withdrawal from a treaty is permitted?

Hypothesis: In practice, because of sovereignty, any state can withdraw from any treaty at any time.


Premise: When was the Man the Hunter conference?

Hypothesis: Therefore, no surplus of resources can be accumulated by any single member.


Premise: Between 2002 and 2007, by what percentage did the rate of unemployment change?

Hypothesis: From 2002 to 2007, the number of unemployed increased by 65% (270,500 unemployed citizens in 2002, 448,600 unemployed citizens in 2007).


Premise: How is the Phase-two mode enabled?

Hypothesis: However, like independent-service mode, the car will not respond to a car call unless the firefighter manually pushes and holds the door close button.


Premise: What trouble can interference cause?

Hypothesis: Although interference can lead to forgetting, it is important to keep in mind that there are situations when old information can facilitate learning of new information.


Premise: How long did Paul VI live for after experiencing a massive heart attack in 1978?

Hypothesis: After communion, the pope suffered a massive heart attack, after which he continued to live for three hours.


Premise: A few parrots of what genus roost hanging upside down?

Hypothesis: A few parrots of the genus Loriculus roost hanging upside down.


Premise: On what day and month was Spectre released to the Chinese market?

Hypothesis: In China, it opened on 12 November and earned $15 million on its opening day, which is the second biggest 2D single day gross for a Hollywood film behind the $18.5 million opening day of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation and occupying 43% of all available screens which included $790,000 in advance night screenings.


Premise: On what road is the Tower located on?

Hypothesis: The tower was accompanied by two laurel wreaths on either side and, according to the College of Arms in London, Kelly chose to include the laurels as they were the sign of winners.


Premise: When were the first motorways built in Thuringia?

Hypothesis: During the 1930s, the first two motorways were built across the Land, the A4 motorway as an important east-west connection in central Germany and the main link between Berlin and south-west Germany, and the A9 motorway as the main north-south route in eastern Germany, connecting Berlin with Munich.


Premise: How many members did VVAW have when Kerry joined it?

Hypothesis: Then numbering about 20,000, VVAW was considered by some (including the administration of President Richard Nixon) to be an effective, if controversial, component of the antiwar movement.


Premise: What act was responsible for the reorganization of local government on April 1, 1997?

Hypothesis: The city has undergone many changes to its governance over the centuries and once again became administratively independent from Hampshire County as it was made into a unitary authority in a local government reorganisation on 1 April 1997, a result of the 1992 Local Government Act.


Premise: When did the Institute of Medicine begin to offer education in medicine?

Hypothesis: It was established in 1972 and started to impart medical education from 1978.


Premise: What is Franz Oberhauser's other name?

Hypothesis: Christoph Waltz was cast in the role of Franz Oberhauser, though he refused to comment on the nature of the part.


Premise: During what years did Austria rule Palermo?

Hypothesis: Muslims of Palermo emigrated or were expelled during Holy Roman rule.


Premise: What years did Red crossbills invade England?

Hypothesis: Bohemian waxwings Bombycilla garrulus well show this unpredictable variation in annual numbers, with five major arrivals in Britain during the nineteenth century, but 18 between the years 1937 and 2000.


Premise: How many of Alaska's residents reside in the Anchorage area?

Hypothesis: Approximately half of Alaska's residents (the total estimated at 738,432 by the Census Bureau in 2015) live within the Anchorage metropolitan area.


Premise: Which country had the slowest criminal justice system in Western Europe in 2005?

Hypothesis: The entire Portuguese public service has been known for its mismanagement, useless redundancies, waste, excess of bureaucracy and a general lack of productivity in certain sectors, particularly in justice.


Premise: Who paid for most of the 1848 music tour of Chopin?

Hypothesis: This tour was suggested to him by his Scottish pupil Jane Stirling and her elder sister.


Premise: What kind of Chinese make up the vast majority of the population?

Hypothesis: Han Chinese make up the vast majority of the population, and the largest Han subgroup are the speakers of Wu varieties of Chinese.


Premise: When did Catalan literature begin a downward trend?

Hypothesis: With the union of the crowns of Castille and Aragon (1479), the use of Spanish gradually became more prestigious.


Premise: What is the name of an Apple-produced iPod accessory?

Hypothesis: A large number are made by third party companies, although many, such as the iPod Hi-Fi, are made by Apple.


Premise: The state received how much in remittances from the U.S. in 2011?

Hypothesis: In 2011, the state received approximately 884 million dollars in remittances from the United States, which was 4.5% of all remittances from the United States to Mexico.


Premise: Who unseated Sultan Hamid?

Hypothesis: In April 1909, the Adana massacre occurred in the Adana Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire resulting in the deaths of as many as 20,000–30,000 Armenians.


Premise: Which race of people made it the highest growing ethnicity between 2000-2010 in NYC?

Hypothesis: The city's population in 2010 was 44% white (33.3% non-Hispanic white), 25.5% black (23% non-Hispanic black), 0.7% Native American, and 12.7% Asian.


Premise: LED lighting is the end result of what phenomenon?

Hypothesis: His research was distributed in Soviet, German and British scientific journals, but no practical use was made of the discovery for several decades.


Premise: Who did Beyoncé perform privately for in 2011?

Hypothesis: Rolling Stone reported that the music industry was urging them to return the money they earned for the concerts; a spokesperson for Beyoncé later confirmed to The Huffington Post that she donated the money to the Clinton Bush Haiti Fund.


Premise: What type of buildings were especially targeted to be burned down?

Hypothesis: Forced labour for life was imposed on 251 people, 1,160 people were transported to "a fortified place" and 3,417 people were transported.


Premise: `Why does thermosphere past the Karman line vary so greatly?

Hypothesis: Beyond this line, isotropic gas pressure rapidly becomes insignificant when compared to radiation pressure from the Sun and the dynamic pressure of the solar winds, so the definition of pressure becomes difficult to interpret.


Premise: When did Bozeman Airport surpass Billings Logan as the largest busiest in Montana?

Hypothesis: Montana's other major Airports include Billings Logan International Airport, Missoula International Airport, Great Falls International Airport, Glacier Park International Airport, Helena Regional Airport, Bert Mooney Airport and Yellowstone Airport.


Premise: Where is Israel's Supreme Court located?

Hypothesis: Israel's Supreme Court is at the head of the court system in the State of Israel.


Premise: Who is in charge of all sports teams at KU?

Hypothesis: Sheahon Zenger was introduced as KU's new athletic director in January 2011.


Premise: What gives natural protection to ships in Montevideo?

Hypothesis: The port on Montevideo Bay is one of the reasons the city was founded.


Premise: What can a team do when they prefer the original outcome of a play to the situation they would have with a penalty assessed on the other team for that play?

Hypothesis: One notable exception to this rule is if the kicking team on a 3rd down punt play is penalized before the kick occurs: the receiving team may not decline the penalty and take over on downs.


Premise: When did the government of Aragon  degree the establishment of a language regulator?

Hypothesis: The new entity, designated as Acadèmia Aragonesa del Català, shall allow a facultative education in Catalan and a standardization of the Catalan language in La Franja.


Premise: What treaties between Japan and Korea are examples of treaties that were declared null and void?

Hypothesis: There are several reasons an otherwise valid and agreed upon treaty may be rejected as a binding international agreement, most of which involve problems created at the formation of the treaty.[citation needed]


Premise: How many people work in the New York publishing industry?

Hypothesis: More than 200 newspapers and 350 consumer magazines have an office in the city, and the publishing industry employs about 25,000 people.


Premise: When was Robert Hickens' book wrote?

Hypothesis: Robert Hichens' book


Premise: What is the term used to describe the "Right to collect revenue"?

Hypothesis: The commercial colonization of India commenced in 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, when the Nawab of Bengal surrendered his dominions to the British East India Company, in 1765, when the Company was granted the diwani, or the right to collect revenue, in Bengal and Bihar, or in 1772, when the Company established a capital in Calcutta, appointed its first Governor-General, Warren Hastings, and became directly involved in governance.


Premise: What is the common application of GaAs?

Hypothesis: It is for this reason that GaAs is used in high-frequency applications.


Premise: Where is the theology library at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: Located on the first floor of Stanford Hall, it is the first branch of the library system to be housed in a dorm room.


Premise: In what year did the Battle of Varna take place?

Hypothesis: Hungary was the last bastion of the Latin Christian world in the East, and fought to keep its rule over a period of two centuries.


Premise: In 2008 what disease did Queen perform benefit concerts for?

Hypothesis: Queen + Paul Rodgers performed at the Nelson Mandela 90th Birthday Tribute held in Hyde Park, London on 27 June 2008, to commemorate Mandela's ninetieth birthday, and again promote awareness of the HIV/AIDS pandemic.


Premise: The professional heads of what three services support the Chief of the Defence Staff?

Hypothesis: He is supported by the Vice Chief of the Defence Staff, by the professional heads of the three services of HM Armed Forces and by the Commander of Joint Forces Command.


Premise: What had Kerry expected the 'swift boats' to do?

Hypothesis: "When I signed up for the swift boats, they had very little to do with the war.


Premise: Beside the public universities, what other type of institutions provide education in Seattle?

Hypothesis: Seattle also has a number of smaller private universities including Seattle University and Seattle Pacific University, the former a Jesuit Catholic institution, the latter Free Methodist; universities aimed at the working adult, like City University and Antioch University; colleges within the Seattle Colleges District system, comprising North, Central, and South; seminaries, including Western Seminary and a number of arts colleges, such as Cornish College of the Arts, Pratt Fine Arts Center, and The Art Institute of Seattle.


Premise: Content is now protected by what encryption?

Hypothesis: This content is protected by encryption known as 5C.


Premise: What does a principled debate on the issues not support a charge of?

Hypothesis: But that principled debate on the issues does not support a charge of religious bigotry"


Premise: How often is the "Brotherhood and Unity" relay race done?

Hypothesis: Every year a "Brotherhood and Unity" relay race is organized in Montenegro, Macedonia and Serbia which ends at the "House of Flowers" in Belgrade on May 25 – the final resting place of Tito.


Premise: At which location is the London Center operated by Notre Dame found?

Hypothesis: Since 1998, its London center has been based in the former United University Club at 1 Suffolk Street in Trafalgar Square.


Premise: Why did Chrysler discontinue use of the Hifi 16 2/3 rpm record?

Hypothesis: Peter Goldmark, the man who developed the 33 1⁄3 rpm record, developed the Highway Hi-Fi 16 2⁄3 rpm record to be played in Chrysler automobiles, but poor performance of the system and weak implementation by Chrysler and Columbia led to the demise of the 16 2⁄3 rpm records.


Premise: Who translated German chorales into English?

Hypothesis: Translation of a text that is sung in vocal music for the purpose of singing in another language—sometimes called "singing translation"—is closely linked to translation of poetry because most vocal music, at least in the Western tradition, is set to verse, especially verse in regular patterns with rhyme.


Premise: When was the Atlantic Charter signed?

Hypothesis: British Prime Minister Winston Churchill successfully lobbied President Franklin D. Roosevelt for military aid from the United States, but Roosevelt was not yet ready to ask Congress to commit the country to war.


Premise: Beyonce's first modelling event was at where?

Hypothesis: In September 2010, Beyoncé made her runway modelling debut at Tom Ford's Spring/Summer 2011 fashion show.


Premise: What would happen if some didn't comply with the Nazi's with their demands?

Hypothesis: Many who would not cooperate with the rulers of Nazi Germany were sent to concentration camps and held prisoner there until their death or liberation.


Premise: What was the time span of the Shunga Empire?

Hypothesis: The Shunga Empire played an imperative role in patronizing Indian culture at a time when some of the most important developments in Hindu thought were taking place.


Premise: Which alphanumeric LED display can display all letters?

Hypothesis: Seven-segment displays handle all numbers and a limited set of letters.


Premise: The presence of what is a circadian marker?

Hypothesis: However, newer research indicates that the melatonin offset may be the more reliable marker.


Premise: How old was Chopin when he began to perform for the public?

Hypothesis: By the age of seven Fryderyk had begun giving public concerts, and in 1817 he composed two polonaises, in G minor and B-flat major.


Premise: The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is only recognized by what country?

Hypothesis: However, the Republic of Cyprus is de facto partitioned into two main parts; the area under the effective control of the Republic, comprising about 59% of the island's area, and the north, administered by the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which is recognised only by Turkey, covering about 36% of the island's area.


Premise: What show did PepsiCo begin sponsoring in hopes of not missing another opportunity like American Idol?

Hypothesis: PepsiCo sponsored the American version of Cowell's The X Factor in hopes of not repeating its Idol mistake until its cancellation.


Premise: What was established in 1953?

Hypothesis: When Eisenhower was elected President in 1952, he believed hiring practices and anti-discrimination laws should be decided by the states, although the administration gradually continued to desegregate the Armed Forces and the federal government.:50


Premise: Who declared him "blessed?"

Hypothesis: He was known affectionately as "Good Pope John".


Premise: Who was arrested on April 26 for posting an online message?

Hypothesis: A Macau resident was arrested on April 26 for posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt the relay.


Premise: How old was Mabel when she became deaf?

Hypothesis: Deciding to give up his lucrative private Boston practice, Bell retained only two students, six-year-old "Georgie" Sanders, deaf from birth, and 15-year-old Mabel Hubbard.


Premise: In what year was the College of Engineering at Notre Dame formed?

Hypothesis: The College of Engineering was established in 1920, however, early courses in civil and mechanical engineering were a part of the College of Science since the 1870s.


Premise: The mandolin was reported to be popular among what sex?

Hypothesis: Stelios Foustalierakis reported that the mandolin and the mpoulgari were used to accompany the lyra in the beginning of the 20th century in the city of Rethimno.


Premise: When did Mexicantown start to grow?

Hypothesis: In the early 20th century thousands of Mexicans came to Detroit to work in agricultural, automotive, and steel jobs.


Premise: When did Hodgson publish his DNA study?

Hypothesis: According to an autosomal DNA study by Hodgson et al.


Premise: Where is Catalan the only official language?

Hypothesis: It is the national and only official language of Andorra, and a co-official language of the Spanish autonomous communities of Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and Valencia (where the language is known as Valencian, and there exist regional standards).


Premise: Along with insect infestation, what process can discolor wood and make it look like heartwood?

Hypothesis: Heartwood is often visually distinct from the living sapwood, and can be distinguished in a cross-section where the boundary will tend to follow the growth rings.


Premise: Time has personal value due to awareness of it's limited nature in what?

Hypothesis: Periodic events and periodic motion have long served as standards for units of time.


Premise: Three groups in São Nicolau make use of fire in the construction of what conveyance?

Hypothesis: The celebration in SãoNicolau is more traditional, where established groups parade through the Ribeira Brava, gathering in the town square, although it has adopted drums, floats and costumes from Brazil.


Premise: Which parade started in 1924?

Hypothesis: Held since 1924, America's Thanksgiving Parade is one of the nation's largest.


Premise: When was John von Neumann born?

Hypothesis: John von Neumann (/vɒn


Premise: Aside from the sword, what is another weapon that Link can use?

Hypothesis: Unique to the GameCube version is the ability for the player to control the camera freely, without entering a special "lookaround" mode required by the Wii; however, in the GameCube version, only two of Link's secondary weapons can be equipped at a time, as opposed to four in the Wii version.[g]


Premise: what did the fcc choose to apply to the internet?

Hypothesis: The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.


Premise: When was Valencia's founding?

Hypothesis: The Museu de Belles Arts de València houses a large collection of paintings from the 14th to the 18th centuries, including works by Velázquez, El Greco, and Goya, as well as an important series of engravings by Piranesi.


Premise: How do Presbyterians exhibit their faith?

Hypothesis: Presbyterians place great importance upon education and lifelong learning.


Premise: What popular a capella competition is not specific to college groups?

Hypothesis: The show featured eight a cappella groups from the United States and Puerto Rico vying for the prize of $100,000 and a recording contract with Epic Records/Sony Music.


Premise: What is the Boardwalk Hall?

Hypothesis: Boardwalk Hall, formally known as the "Historic Atlantic City Convention Hall", is an arena in Atlantic City along the boardwalk.


Premise: What Botswana was resently forced to do?

Hypothesis: Uganda recently did the same, arguing that "the share of benefits of sport hunting were lopsided and unlikely to deter poaching or improve [Uganda's] capacity to manage the wildlife reserves."


Premise: Who is referred to as nobilitas?

Hypothesis: In official Latin documents of the old Commonwealth, hereditary szlachta are referred to as "nobilitas" and are indeed the equivalent in legal status of the English nobility.


Premise: What is the Abyssinian crisis?

Hypothesis: A series of international crises strained the League to its limits, the earliest being the invasion of Manchuria by Japan and the Abyssinian crisis of 1935/36 in which Italy invaded Abyssinia, one of the only free African nations at that time.


Premise: In which city was evidence of pre-Uthmanic Quranic writing discovered in 1972?

Hypothesis: In 1972, in a mosque in the city of Sana'a, Yemen, manuscripts were discovered that were later proved to be the most ancient Quranic text known to exist at the time.


Premise: How do servo motors differ from stepper motors?

Hypothesis: A servo system differs from some stepper motor applications in that the position feedback is continuous while the motor is running; a stepper system relies on the motor not to "miss steps" for short term accuracy, although a stepper system may include a "home" switch or other element to provide long-term stability of control.


Premise: What's the Swedish word for a polytechnic school?

Hypothesis: Ammattikorkeakoulu is the common term in Finland, as is the Swedish alternative "yrkeshögskola" – their focus is on studies leading to a degree (for instance insinööri, engineer; in international use, Bachelor of Engineering) in kind different from but in level comparable to an academic bachelor's degree awarded by a university.


Premise: When an Ashkenazi woman marries a Sephardi or Mizrahi man it is expected that her children will take on which kind of identity?

Hypothesis: A convert generally follows the practice of the beth din that converted him or her.


Premise: What were the January incidents called?

Hypothesis: On that night and during subsequent confrontations (which lasted until February), more than 130 people died – the majority of whom were civilians.


Premise: Where is Paris economic Centre located?

Hypothesis: The Paris region's most intense economic activity through the central Hauts-de-Seine department and suburban La Défense business district places Paris' economic centre to the west of the city, in a triangle between the Opéra Garnier, La Défense and the Val de Seine.


Premise: What definite article is found rather than el?

Hypothesis: In Alghero, the IEC has adapted its standard to the Alguerese dialect.


Premise: During what time were the first Upanishads written?

Hypothesis: In the same period the first Upanishads were written.


Premise: What party was in power when Margaret Thatcher was made Secretary of State for Education?

Hypothesis: She ended the compulsion on local authorities to convert, however, many local authorities were so far down the path that it would have been prohibitively expensive to attempt to reverse the process, and more comprehensive schools were established under Mrs Thatcher than any other education secretary.


Premise: What do textual critics call a revised edition of a text?

Hypothesis: The same processes can be used to attempt to reconstruct intermediate versions, or recensions, of a document's transcription history.