Premise: When did President Kennedy issue Executive Order 11114?

Hypothesis: The order supplemented to his previous 1961 executive order declaring it was the "policy of the United States to encourage by affirmative action the elimination of discrimination in employment".:72 Through this order, all federal funds, such as "grants, loans, unions and employers who accepted taxpayer funds, and other forms of financial assistance to state and local governments," were forced to comply to the government's policies on affirmative action in employment practices.:72


Premise: Who did the Slavs have contact with in Ukraine?

Hypothesis: In the postulated homeland region (present-day Ukraine), they had contacts with the Iranic Sarmatians and the Germanic Goths.


Premise: Who was the director of the Philips audio division in 1974?

Hypothesis: In 1977, Philips then established a laboratory with the mission of creating a digital audio disc.


Premise: How could aircraft engage bombers when fitted with a turret?

Hypothesis: In subsequent months a steady number of German bombers would fall to night fighters.


Premise: What term is given to the Head of Music?

Hypothesis: The School participates in many national competitions; many pupils are part of the National Youth Orchestra, and the School gives scholarships for dedicated and talented musicians.


Premise: What other device shares the interface used by the iPod Touch?

Hypothesis: The user interface for the iPod Touch is identical to that of the iPhone.


Premise: What types of wisdom did Mackintosh say Burke had?

Hypothesis: Mackintosh later agreed with Burke's views, remarking in December 1796 after meeting him, that Burke was "minutely and accurately informed, to a wonderful exactness, with respect to every fact relating to the French Revolution".


Premise: Which airport near Paris was one of the first to add civil facilities for handling passenger traffic?

Hypothesis: One of the earliest such fields was Paris – Le Bourget Airport at Le Bourget, near Paris.


Premise: What did the Commonwealth Liberal Party merge to form?

Hypothesis: The Commonwealth Liberal Party merged with several Labor dissidents (including Billy Hughes) to form the Nationalist Party of Australia in 1917.


Premise: When was the Serbian Revolution?

Hypothesis: The Hungarians had thrown off Turkish rule by 1688.


Premise: When was Zhu Yousong enthroned?

Hypothesis: His short reign was described by later historians as the first reign of the so-called Southern Ming dynasty.


Premise: Why did Gremlins need 'PG-13'?

Hypothesis: This film and the Spielberg-produced Gremlins led to the creation of the PG-13 rating due to the high level of violence in films targeted at younger audiences.


Premise: What does schlacht mean?

Hypothesis: Poles of the 17th century assumed that "szlachta" came from the German "schlachten" ("to slaughter" or "to butcher"); also suggestive is the German "Schlacht" ("battle").


Premise: What state did Kanye West hide in while writing his next album?

Hypothesis: Following the highly publicized incident, West took a brief break from music and threw himself into fashion, only to hole up in Hawaii for the next few months writing and recording his next album.


Premise: What does stimuli generate to send signals along a nerve fiber?

Hypothesis: At the peripheral end of the nociceptor, noxious stimuli generate currents that, above a given threshold, begin to send signals along the nerve fiber to the spinal cord.


Premise: What two districts are extensions of the Paris business district?

Hypothesis: Two other important districts, Neuilly-sur-Seine and Levallois-Perret, are extensions of the Paris business district and of La Defense.


Premise: Which two reigning monarchs had weddings at the abbey?

Hypothesis: There have been at least 16 royal weddings at the abbey since 1100.


Premise: What concept is characterized by abrasive leads and darker arpeggios?

Hypothesis: Netherlands brought together a concept of "Dirty Dutch", electro house subgenre characterized by very abrasive leads and darker arpeggios, with prominent DJs Chuckie, Hardwell, Laidback Luke, Afrojack, R3hab, Bingo Players, Quintino, Alvaro, Cedric Gervais, 2G, etc.


Premise: What was NOT triggered by Vieira's death?

Hypothesis: Vieira's death did not trigger widespread violence, but there were signs of turmoil in the country, according to the advocacy group Swisspeace.


Premise: What was the site of the final battle for the Mughals?

Hypothesis: The remnants of the Mughal dynasty were finally defeated during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also called the 1857 War of Independence, and the remains of the empire were formally taken over by the British while the Government of India Act 1858 let the British Crown assume direct control of India in the form of the new British Raj.


Premise: When did the Ottoman Empire conquer Constantinople?

Hypothesis: Dynastic struggles and wars of conquest kept many of the states of Europe at war for much of the period.


Premise: When did the Werhmacht cross south border of Estonia?

Hypothesis: At the end of July the Germans resumed their advance in Estonia working in tandem with the Estonian Forest Brothers.


Premise: What nickname prompted a return to the canon on the club crest?

Hypothesis: This was dropped after the move to Highbury in 1913, only to be reinstated in 1922, when the club adopted a crest featuring a single cannon, pointing eastwards, with the club's nickname, The Gunners, inscribed alongside it; this crest only lasted until 1925, when the cannon was reversed to point westward and its barrel slimmed down.


Premise: How manys students take advantage of BYU's study abroad programs?

Hypothesis: In 2001, the Institute of International Education ranked BYU as the number one university in the U.S. to offer students study abroad opportunities.


Premise: Who starred in True Grit?

Hypothesis: From the wines chosen, TCM also includes recommended movies to watch with each, such as a "True Grit" wine, to be paired with the John Wayne film of the same name.


Premise: What did augers seek to understand through observances?

Hypothesis: Magistrates sought divine opinion of proposed official acts through an augur, who read the divine will through observations made within the templum before, during and after an act of sacrifice.


Premise: Which member of Spectre had been presumed to be dead?

Hypothesis: Bond infiltrates a Spectre meeting, where he identifies the leader, Franz Oberhauser.


Premise: What to the migrating birds usually follow?

Hypothesis: Most migrations begin with the birds starting off in a broad front.


Premise: What is the most prominent religion in New Haven?

Hypothesis: New Haven is a predominantly Roman Catholic city, as the city's Dominican, Irish, Italian, Mexican, Ecuadorian, and Puerto Rican populations are overwhelmingly Catholic.


Premise: When was Carrion Jr. first elected Borough President?

Hypothesis: Until March 1, 2009, the Borough President of the Bronx was Adolfo Carrión Jr., elected as a Democrat in 2001 and 2005 before retiring early to direct the White House Office of Urban Affairs Policy.


Premise: Why was the PVA unable to advance beyond Seoul?

Hypothesis: The PVA had outrun its logistics capability and thus were unable to press on beyond Seoul as food, ammunition, and matériel were carried nightly, on foot and bicycle, from the border at the Yalu River to the three battle lines.


Premise: What country has fair dealing laws?

Hypothesis: Some fair dealing laws, such as Canada's, include similar royalty requirements.


Premise: Who was the head of the OPC?

Hypothesis: The OPC was quite unique; Frank Wisner, the head of the OPC, answered not to the CIA Director, but to the secretaries of defense, state, and the NSC, and the OPC's actions were a secret even from the head of the CIA.


Premise: In addition to Yale Reparatory Theatre, what are two additional major theatre houses located in New Haven?

Hypothesis: The shuttered Palace Theatre (opposite the Shubert Theatre) is being renovated and will reopen as the College Street Music Hall in May, 2015.


Premise: Starting in the center of Kathmandu, how many kilometers must one travel to reach Tribhuvan International Airport?

Hypothesis: A recent extension to the international terminal has made the distance to the airplanes shorter and in October 2009 it became possible to fly directly to Kathmandu from Amsterdam with Arkefly.


Premise: What is the TV drama 24 designed on?

Hypothesis: The bureau has participated to varying degrees, which has ranged from direct involvement in the creative process of film or TV series development, to providing consultation on operations and closed cases.


Premise: What did Ibn al-Nafis use to explain the events in Theologus Autodidactus?

Hypothesis: Theologus Autodidactus, written by the Arabian polymath Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288), is the first example of a science fiction novel.


Premise: How many passengers travel by Palermo ferry annually?

Hypothesis: Inside the Port of Palermo there is a section known as "tourist marina" for sailing yachts and catamarans.


Premise: When did World War II start?

Hypothesis: When World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1]


Premise: What was NBC's parent company in 2009?

Hypothesis: It was reported that under the current deal with GE that it would happen in November or December.


Premise: What happened after Henry Nelson Wieman gave a lecture about Whitehead?

Hypothesis: Wieman's lecture was so brilliant that he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years, and for at least thirty years afterward Chicago's Divinity School was closely associated with Whitehead's thought.


Premise: Where was the first Rock Oil mine built?

Hypothesis: The modern petroleum industry started in 1846 with the discovery of the process of refining kerosene from coal by Nova Scotian Abraham Pineo Gesner.


Premise: When was St. Francis Xavier born?

Hypothesis: Historian H. Paul Varley notes the description of Japan given by Jesuit leader St. Francis Xavier (1506–1552):


Premise: What term is given to the Head of Music?

Hypothesis: The current "Precentor" (Head of Music) is Tim Johnson, and the School boasts eight organs and an entire building for music (performance spaces include the School Hall, the Farrer Theatre and two halls dedicated to music, the Parry Hall and the Concert Hall).


Premise: In what time period did the most brutal battles occur?

Hypothesis: The majority of the fighting ended in 1920 with the defeat of General Pyotr Wrangel in the Crimea, but a notable resistance in certain areas continued until 1923 (e.g., Kronstadt Uprising, Tambov Rebellion, Basmachi Revolt, and the final resistance of the White movement in the Far East).


Premise: How many bus lines does the STIF oversee?

Hypothesis: The syndicate coordinates public transport and contracts it out to the RATP (operating 347 bus lines, the Métro, eight tramway lines, and sections of the RER), the SNCF (operating suburban rails, one tramway line and the other sections of the RER) and the Optile consortium of private operators managing 1,176 bus lines.


Premise: What do the people of Cyprus rely on for domestic and agricultural supply of water?

Hypothesis: Dams remain the principal source of water both for domestic and agricultural use; Cyprus has a total of 107 dams (plus one currently under construction) and reservoirs, with a total water storage capacity of about 330,000,000 m3 (1.2×1010 cu ft).


Premise: Which movie earned Madonna a Golden Globe Award?

Hypothesis: She has been acclaimed as a businesswoman, particularly after she founded entertainment company Maverick (including the label Maverick Records).


Premise: How many insititutions comprise the Association of American Universities' membership?

Hypothesis: There are also educational and research sites in Parsons and Topeka, and branches of the University of Kansas School of Medicine in Wichita and Salina.


Premise: What's the matrix in wood made up of?

Hypothesis: Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees, or it is defined more broadly to include the same type of tissue elsewhere such as in the roots of trees or shrubs.[citation needed]


Premise: How would you describe a diet of a species that eats primarily dead organic material?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, detritivores simply eat dead organic material arising from the decay of dead individuals and have no direct impact on the "donor" organism(s).


Premise: What geographic feature keeps some cold inland air from reaching Richmond?

Hypothesis: The open waters of the Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic Ocean contribute to the humid summers and mild winters.


Premise: What is the most important sports event held on Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: A major sporting event is the "Independence Day Sports Festival" held annually on 1 October.


Premise: Where is there little variation in the length of day throughout the year?

Hypothesis: There is evidence that this enables the migrants to obtain more of their preferred foods such as fruits.


Premise: Has the level of crime in Palermo risen or declined?

Hypothesis: The city, however, still has high unemployment levels, high corruption and a significant black market empire (Palermo being the home of the Sicilian Mafia).


Premise: How many types of trees are in Crotona Park?

Hypothesis: The land for these parks, and many others, was bought by New York City in 1888, while land was still open and inexpensive, in anticipation of future needs and future pressures for development.


Premise: What league are the NY Yankees in?

Hypothesis: The original Yankee Stadium opened in 1923 on 161st Street and River Avenue, a year that saw the Yankees bring home their first of 27 World Series Championships.


Premise: Who discussed the idea of a collective effervescence?

Hypothesis: He explained how the heightened state of emotional energy achieved during totemic rituals transported individuals above themselves giving them the sense that they were in the presence of a higher power, a force, that was embedded in the sacred objects that were worshipped.


Premise: What policy did the Marble Palace introduce?

Hypothesis: He offered European retail merchandise at fixed prices on a variety of dry goods, and advertised a policy of providing "free entrance" to all potential customers.


Premise: Eastern North Carolina is also known as what?

Hypothesis: Differences in the settlement patterns of eastern and western North Carolina, or the Low Country and uplands, affected the political, economic, and social life of the state from the 18th until the 20th century.


Premise: Who composed the first printed constitutions for Freemasons?

Hypothesis: At the dawn of the Grand Lodge era, during the 1720s, James Anderson composed the first printed constitutions for Freemasons, the basis for most subsequent constitutions, which specifically excluded women from Freemasonry.


Premise: What did the BBC say that Glencore used child labour for in 2012?

Hypothesis: BBC, in 2012, accused Glencore of using child labour in its mining and smelting operations of Africa.


Premise: Who did Avicenna learn Indian arithmetic from?

Hypothesis: According to his autobiography, Avicenna had memorised the entire Quran by the age of 10.


Premise: Who did Paul Morley collaborate with on the Art of Noise?

Hypothesis: Writers like Paul Morley began advocating "overground brightness" instead of the experimental sensibilities promoted in early years.


Premise: For the first quarter of 2009, what was the annualized rate of decline in GDP in Germany?

Hypothesis: The Brookings Institution reported in June 2009 that U.S. consumption accounted for more than a third of the growth in global consumption between 2000 and 2007.


Premise: Who are some famous Cypriot folk poets?

Hypothesis: Dimitris Lipertis, Vasilis Michaelides and Pavlos Liasides are folk poets who wrote poems mainly in the Cypriot-Greek dialect.


Premise: What is the Holocaust?

Hypothesis: The Holocaust (which roughly means "burnt whole") was the deliberate and systematic murder of millions of Jews and other "unwanted" during World War II by the Nazi regime in Germany.


Premise: During the middle and early parts of what decade did the similarity of Easy Listening and Hot 100 increase?

Hypothesis: The Hot 100 and Easy Listening charts became more similar again toward the end of the 1960s and into the early and mid-1970s, when the texture of much of the music played on Top 40 radio once more began to soften.


Premise: What did former student Tracy Hall invent as a BYU professor of chemistry and Director of Research?

Hypothesis: While there, he invented a new type of diamond press, the tetrahedral press.


Premise: What village protested over the large-scale death of fish in a nearby river on September 15, 2011?

Hypothesis: On Thursday, September 15, 2011, more than 500 people from Hongxiao Village protested over the large-scale death of fish in a nearby river.


Premise: What French sociologist and anthropologist stated that Whitehead was "the greatest philosopher of the 20th century"?

Hypothesis: French sociologist and anthropologist Bruno Latour even went so far as to call Whitehead "the greatest philosopher of the 20th century."


Premise: What did Locke say 'tabula rasa' meant?

Hypothesis: Without specific primary qualities, an object would not be what it is.


Premise: What will be the end result of God's kingdom?

Hypothesis: Satan will subsequently attack Jehovah's Witnesses, an action that will prompt God to begin the war of Armageddon, during which all forms of government and all people not counted as Christ's "sheep", or true followers, will be destroyed.


Premise: What counties does the GRTC link to Richmond?

Hypothesis: Local transit and paratransit bus service in Richmond, Henrico, and Chesterfield counties is provided by the Greater Richmond Transit Company (GRTC).


Premise: When did Panama's Department stores first start?

Hypothesis: Panama's first department stores such as Bazaar Francés, La Dalia and La Villa de Paris started as textile retailers at the turn of the nineteenth century.


Premise: How many Georgians speak Russian natively?

Hypothesis: Ethnologue cites Russian as the country's de facto working language.


Premise: For whom was Enlightenment mankind's final coming of age, the emancipation of the human consciousness from an immature state of ignorance?"

Hypothesis: For Kant, Enlightenment was mankind's final coming of age, the emancipation of the human consciousness from an immature state of ignorance."


Premise: What year were students killed as part of a road cleanup project?

Hypothesis: In 2012 there was an accident near city of Nalchik where a car killed several pupils cleaning up a highway shoulder during their "holiday work" as well as their teacher who was supervising them.


Premise: when was Chip E's hit "It's House" released?

Hypothesis: As Heard At The Warehouse", which was shortened to simply "House".


Premise: Along with CHR, Top 40 and Latino, what format have former AC stations transitioned to?

Hypothesis: Beginning with the 2005-2007 economic downturn and eventual recession most stations went for the more chart-based CHR, along with the top 40, urban and even Latino formats.


Premise: When did American Idol premiere?

Hypothesis: The first show drew 9.9 million viewers, giving Fox the best viewing figure for the 8.30 pm spot in over a year.


Premise: Who was known for focusing on the environment in the 1960s?

Hypothesis: Sustainability in architecture was pioneered by Frank Lloyd Wright, in the 1960s by Buckminster Fuller and in the 1970s by architects such as Ian McHarg and Sim Van der Ryn in the US and Brenda and Robert Vale in the UK and New Zealand.


Premise: How many of Ibn Sina's shorter works were said to have been created in Rey?

Hypothesis: Ibn Sina, however, remained hidden for forty days in sheikh Ahmed Fadhel's house, until a fresh attack of illness induced the emir to restore him to his post.


Premise: What percent of the Bronx is Mexican?

Hypothesis: Over 72,500 Mexicans lived in the Bronx, and they formed 5.2% of the population.


Premise: How old was George H. Brimhall when he completed High School?

Hypothesis: He had not received a high school education until he was forty.


Premise: What are code points in the range U+DC00-U+DFFF known as?

Hypothesis: Thus the range of code points that are available for use as characters is U+0000–U+D7FF and U+E000–U+10FFFF (1,112,064 code points).


Premise: What's Sony's budget line of PS3 games called in Japan?

Hypothesis: Sony have since launched their budget range of PlayStation 3 titles, known as the Greatest Hits range in North America, the Platinum range in Europe and Australia and The Best range in Japan.


Premise: What agreement did the Belavezha Accords supersede?

Hypothesis: The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (i.e. denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS.


Premise: Approximately how many people live throughout the year at research stations across Antarctica?

Hypothesis: There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent.


Premise: Schwarzenegger's initial divorce petition failed to provide for attorney's fee reimbursement and what other condition of divorce?

Hypothesis: Schwarzenegger came under fire after the initial petition did not include spousal support and a reimbursement of attorney's fees.


Premise: What was a possible reason for Chopin's failed engagement to Maria Wodzińska?

Hypothesis: Sand, in a letter to Grzymała of June 1838, admitted strong feelings for the composer and debated whether to abandon a current affair in order to begin a relationship with Chopin; she asked Grzymała to assess Chopin's relationship with Maria Wodzińska, without realising that the affair, at least from Maria's side, was over.


Premise: In exchange for helping Austria, Russia wanted to be freely able to handle any issues they had with who?

Hypothesis: Russia, as a member of the Holy Alliance, had operated as the "police of Europe", maintaining the balance of power that had been established in the Treaty of Vienna in 1815.


Premise: Where was the event launching the publicly-available archive held?

Hypothesis: Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers and scientists to tap into the clunky database.


Premise: What year was Cyprus supposed to host the international art festival Manifesta?

Hypothesis: One of the features of Cypriot art is a tendency towards figurative painting although conceptual art is being rigorously promoted by a number of art "institutions" and most notably the Nicosia Municipal Art Centre.


Premise: What is a measure of pesticides determined in EPA studies?

Hypothesis: Studies must be conducted to establish the conditions in which the material is safe to use and the effectiveness against the intended pest(s).


Premise: When did the Spanish arrive to America?

Hypothesis: Spanish was the language spoken by the first permanent European settlers in North America.


Premise: What did Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad rule?

Hypothesis: The request was denied and Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad killed Muslim bin Agail.


Premise: Do those who from Greek descent desire an education from other parts of the world ?

Hypothesis: Hundreds of thousands of Greek students attend western universities every year while the faculty lists of leading Western universities contain a striking number of Greek names.


Premise: What two languages mentioned have have preaspirated [ʰp ʰt ʰk]?

Hypothesis: In Icelandic, preaspirated stops contrast with double stops and single stops:


Premise: What must a police officer recite to a suspect upon arrest/

Hypothesis: In turn, the exclusionary rule spawned a family of judge-made remedies for the abuse of law enforcement powers, of which the most famous is the Miranda warning.


Premise: What is preserved as an example of medieval architecture?

Hypothesis: In Switzerland, Château de Chillon is preserved as an example of medieval architecture.


Premise: What did The Antebellum age mark?

Hypothesis: The Antebellum Period is often considered to have begun with the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854,[citation needed] although it may have begun as early as 1812.


Premise: What product significantly dropped in price at the end of World War I?

Hypothesis: German merchants and settlers were active in introducing large scale plantation operations and developing new industries, notably cocoa bean and rubber, relying on imported labourers from China and Melanesia.


Premise: What belief did Galileo have at the time that appeared to be extremely heretical to the church?

Hypothesis: Galileo was found "vehemently suspect of heresy", namely of having held the opinions that the Sun lies motionless at the centre of the universe, that the Earth is not at its centre and moves, and that one may hold and defend an opinion as probable after it has been declared contrary to Holy Scripture.


Premise: To which college did Sylvester Primer belong?

Hypothesis: It is typically heard in wealthy white families who trace their families back generations in the city.


Premise: In what century did Scandinavian settlement begin in northern England?

Hypothesis: It was West Saxon that formed the basis for the literary standard of the later Old English period, although the dominant forms of Middle and Modern English would develop mainly from Mercian.


Premise: To whom do Bucopho take the decisions and concerns?

Hypothesis: As noted above, there are 55 tinkhundla in Swaziland and each elects one representative to the House of Assembly of Swaziland.


Premise: Until what time did the Vestal retain their social distinctions?

Hypothesis: They seem to have retained their religious and social distinctions well into the 4th century, after political power within the Empire had shifted to the Christians.


Premise: What are three languages employed by the Manichaeans?

Hypothesis: Manichaean texts were written in a script closely akin to the Syriac script.


Premise: Who commanded the soldiers sent by Camillo di Cavour?

Hypothesis: The deployment of Italian troops to the Crimea, and the gallantry shown by them in the Battle of the Chernaya (16 August 1855) and in the siege of Sevastopol, allowed the Kingdom of Sardinia to be among the participants at the peace conference at the end of the war, where it could address the issue of the Risorgimento to other European powers.


Premise: Who partitioned Nagorno-Karabakh from Armenia?

Hypothesis: Peaceful protests in Yerevan supporting the Karabakh Armenians were met with anti-Armenian pogroms in the Azerbaijani city of Sumgait.


Premise: How many satellites were launched from 2009-2011?

Hypothesis: It was followed by further nine satellites during 2009-2011, achieving functional regional coverage.


Premise: What year did Howard Kendall return to manage Everton?

Hypothesis: Howard Kendall had returned in 1990 but could not repeat his previous success, while his successor, Mike Walker, was statistically the least successful Everton manager to date.


Premise: Who pointed out that "if copyright were a natural right nothing could justify terminating this right after a certain period of time"?

Hypothesis: On the assumption that intellectual property rights are actual rights Stallman argues that this claim does not live to the historical intentions behind these laws, which in the case of copyright served as a censorship system, and later on, a regulatory model for the printing press that may have benefited authors incidentally, but never interfered with the freedom of average readers.


Premise: What backup element is still found on Windows 8?

Hypothesis: Backup and Restore, the backup component of Windows, is deprecated.


Premise: Which Civil War general used Houston as a headquarters?

Hypothesis: During the American Civil War, Houston served as a headquarters for General John Bankhead Magruder, who used the city as an organization point for the Battle of Galveston.


Premise: What stupa is located close to the Taragaon Museum?

Hypothesis: Restoration works began in 2010 to rehabilitate the Taragaon hostel into the Taragaon Museum.


Premise: What features 33 strokes?

Hypothesis: Also in occasional modern use is 鱻 (xiān "fresh"; variant of 鮮 xiān) with 33 strokes.


Premise: Who became Catholicos in Etchmiadzin in 1441?

Hypothesis: In 1441, a new Catholicos was elected in Etchmiadzin in the person of Kirakos Virapetsi, while Krikor Moussapegiants preserved his title as Catholicos of Cilicia.


Premise: What would be the traditional form of a gender-invariable adjective?

Hypothesis: There is a tendency to abandon traditionally gender-invariable adjectives in favour of marked ones, something prevalent in Occitan and French.


Premise: What is the sister station to WBZ-TV?

Hypothesis: The city is also home to PBS station WGBH-TV, a major producer of PBS programs, which also operates WGBX.


Premise: What is one religious text that was thought to eventually lead to a peace between all?

Hypothesis: In the high Renaissance, in fact, there was a hope that more direct knowledge of the wisdom of antiquity, including the writings of the Church fathers, the earliest known Greek texts of the Christian Gospels, and in some cases even the Jewish Kabbalah, would initiate a harmonious new era of universal agreement.


Premise: Howmany hours a day does SNTV broadcast?

Hypothesis: After a 20-year hiatus, the station was shortly thereafter officially re-launched on April 4, 2011.


Premise: What institute promotes awareness of native culture?

Hypothesis: In 2010, there were 245 museums in Estonia whose combined collections contain more than 10 million objects.


Premise: In what year to Candolle introduce the Candollean system?

Hypothesis: Adanson (1763), de Jussieu (1789), and Candolle (1819)


Premise: What was the government of China accused of during the Kokang offensive ?

Hypothesis: During the incident the government of China was accused of giving military assistance to the ethnic Chinese rebels.


Premise: What does the host make that affect its genes?

Hypothesis: As a result, the host favors endosymbiont's growth processes within itself by producing some specialized cells.


Premise: What is the specific moral code for monks and nuns?

Hypothesis: The precise content of the vinayapitaka (scriptures on Vinaya) differs slightly according to different schools, and different schools or subschools set different standards for the degree of adherence to Vinaya.


Premise: Where did Ptolemy settle his most of his veterans?

Hypothesis: Ptolemy built new cities such as Ptolemais Hermiou in upper Egypt and settled his veterans throughout the country, especially in the region of the Faiyum.


Premise: What is the interpretation of the term?

Hypothesis: Various interpretations of the term may include some or all of these regions.


Premise: What nickname has been given to the fans who sit in the bleacher section at Wrigley Field?

Hypothesis: The "Bleacher Bums" is a name given to fans, many of whom spend much of the day heckling, who sit in the bleacher section at Wrigley Field.


Premise: What project was Fermi working for?

Hypothesis: On 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1.


Premise: How much of Nigeria's population can read?

Hypothesis: 68% of the Nigerian population is literate, and the rate for men (75.7%) is higher than that for women (60.6%).


Premise: How is Kazakhstan's human rights record compared to the rest of the world?

Hypothesis: In September 2013, West was widely rebuked by human rights groups for performing in Kazakhstan at the wedding of authoritarian President Nursultan Nazarbayev's grandson.


Premise: Where was optimality theory created?

Hypothesis: In a course at the LSA summer institute in 1991, Alan Prince and Paul Smolensky developed optimality theory—an overall architecture for phonology according to which languages choose a pronunciation of a word that best satisfies a list of constraints ordered by importance; a lower-ranked constraint can be violated when the violation is necessary in order to obey a higher-ranked constraint.


Premise: Pope Paul VI had no cap on what?

Hypothesis: Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded.


Premise: Who resigned in protest against Philip?

Hypothesis: Because of his hatred of the city of Orihuela, which had bombarded and looted Valencia during the War of Succession, the cardinal resigned the viceroyalty in protest against the actions of Philip, who finally relented and returned the capital to Valencia.


Premise: What New Haven gallery is housed in the Erector Square complex located in the Fair Haven neighborhood?

Hypothesis: Others include City Gallery and A. Leaf Gallery in the downtown area.


Premise: What are two parts of the University of Kansas house in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences?

Hypothesis: KU features the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, which includes the School of the Arts and the School of Public Affairs & Administration; and the schools of Architecture, Design & Planning; Business; Education; Engineering; Health Professions; Journalism & Mass Communications; Law; Medicine; Music; Nursing; Pharmacy; and Social Welfare.


Premise: Mrigavyadha destroys animal instinct in who?

Hypothesis: Shiva, as Mrigavyadha, is the one who destroys the animal instincts in human beings.


Premise: How many offices does the palace have?

Hypothesis: There are 775 rooms, including 19 state rooms, 52 principal bedrooms, 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices, and 78 bathrooms.


Premise: What is the most populated city in Ireland?

Hypothesis: Other major populations centres include Greater Manchester Urban Area (2.4 million), West Midlands conurbation (2.4 million), West Yorkshire Urban Area (1.6 million) in England, Greater Glasgow (1.2 million) in Scotland and Greater Dublin Area (1.1 million) in Ireland.[citation needed]


Premise: What can be monitored as pain indicators?

Hypothesis: A change in condition that deviates from baseline such as moaning with movement or when manipulating a body part, and limited range of motion are also potential pain indicators.


Premise: What was the territory occupied by a single tribe?

Hypothesis: The opole was the territory occupied by a single tribe.


Premise: What did Greeks do that caused  the formation of the new state ?

Hypothesis: The modern Greek state was created in 1829, when the Greeks liberated a part of their historic homelands, Peloponnese, from the Ottoman Empire.


Premise: Did the French take Quebec back?

Hypothesis: The French forces retreated to Montreal, where on 8 September they surrendered to overwhelming British numerical superiority.


Premise: What is now necessary to tap someone's telephone?

Hypothesis: After the 1967 case Katz v. United States overturned the 1927 case that had allowed bugging, Congress passed the Omnibus Crime Control Act, allowing public authorities to tap telephones during investigations as long as they obtain a warrant beforehand.


Premise: What is the per capita GDP of Swaziland?

Hypothesis: Swaziland's currency, the lilangeni, is pegged to the South African rand.


Premise: What are the barracks used for?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, most of these tents are set up and operated through the support of Natick Soldier Systems Center.


Premise: Which translator learned Arabic to be able to study the Arabic texts directly?

Hypothesis: European scholars had access to the translation programs of Raymond of Toledo, who sponsored the 12th century Toledo School of Translators from Arabic to Latin.


Premise: Who was sued for patent infringement on MP3 technology?

Hypothesis: Motorola followed soon after, and signed with Sisvel to license MP3-related patents in December 2005.


Premise: What does the weight of the largest metropolitan areas tend to do?

Hypothesis: The weight of the largest metropolitan areas, which are Zürich, Geneva–Lausanne, Basel and Bern tend to increase.


Premise: What religion do most Turkish Cypriots identify with?

Hypothesis: The majority of Greek Cypriots identify as Greek Orthodox, whereas most Turkish Cypriots are adherents of Sunni Islam.


Premise: When did blacks lose the right to vote?

Hypothesis: The state succeeded in reducing black voting to zero by 1908.


Premise: During what months does summer occur in Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: Summers (March–June) are hot and humid, with average highs in the mid-to-high 30s Celsius; maximum temperatures often exceed 40 °C (104 °F) between April and June.


Premise: What species are usually hunted?

Hypothesis: Hunting wildlife or feral animals is most commonly done by humans for food, recreation, to remove predators which are dangerous to humans or domestic animals, or for trade.


Premise: What is an Arabic term for allusions?

Hypothesis: According to Sands, esoteric interpretations are more suggestive than declarative, they are allusions (isharat) rather than explanations (tafsir).


Premise: Who helped Lutherans understand the charismatic movement in the 1960s?

Hypothesis: Larry Christenson, a Lutheran theologian based in San Pedro, California, did much in the 1960s and 1970s to interpret the charismatic movement for Lutherans.


Premise: What was Duisenberg's previous business experience?

Hypothesis: Tensions were abated by a gentleman's agreement in which Duisenberg would stand down before the end of his mandate, to be replaced by Trichet.


Premise: Are all domesticated and wild birds classified as poultry  ?

Hypothesis: Poultry also includes other birds that are killed for their meat, such as the young of pigeons (known as squabs) but does not include similar wild birds hunted for sport or food and known as game.


Premise: How long did the Soviet Union retain a hegemonic role?

Hypothesis: The Russian Empire used Pan-Slavism as a political tool; as did the Soviet Union, which gained political-military influence and control over most Slavic-majority nations between 1945 and 1948 and retained a hegemonic role until the period 1989–1991.


Premise: About how thick would a PCB layer be if it contained three oz. of copper?

Hypothesis: The printed circuit board industry defines heavy copper as layers exceeding three ounces of copper, or approximately 0.0042 inches (4.2 mils, 105 μm) thick.


Premise: What philosophy characterized the Mau resistance?

Hypothesis: In accordance with the Mau's non-violent philosophy, the newly elected leader, High Chief Tupua Tamasese Lealofi, led his fellow uniformed Mau in a peaceful demonstration in downtown Apia on 28 December 1929.


Premise: Who else was featured in The sexual behavior of the human male?

Hypothesis: The Kinsey scale, also called the Heterosexual-Homosexual Rating Scale, was first published in Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) by Alfred Kinsey, Wardell Pomeroy, and Clyde Martin and also featured in Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953).


Premise: Designers would rub on a dry transfer of what to make the process of laying out components simpler?

Hypothesis: Rub-on dry transfers of common component footprints increased efficiency.


Premise: Two Boston department stores merged to form what Cincinnati based department store?

Hypothesis: Boston is an intellectual, technological, and political center but has lost some important regional institutions, including the acquisition of The Boston Globe by The New York Times, and the loss to mergers and acquisitions of local financial institutions such as FleetBoston Financial, which was acquired by Charlotte-based Bank of America in 2004.


Premise: What is the minimum bit rate for compressed video and audio transmission?

Hypothesis: During this time, there was also research into other forms of digital video and audio communication.


Premise: Who served as High Commissioner of North Africa after Darlan's death?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower later appointed General Henri Giraud as High Commissioner, who had been installed by the Allies as Darlan's commander-in-chief, and who had refused to postpone the execution.


Premise: Along with Eisenhower, Macmillan and de Gaulle, what leader attended the Four Powers Paris Summit?

Hypothesis: The 1960 Four Power Paris Summit between President Dwight Eisenhower, Nikita Khrushchev, Harold Macmillan and Charles de Gaulle collapsed because of the incident.


Premise: What percentage of Plymouth residents in 2011 were of Chinese ancestry?

Hypothesis: From the 2011 Census, the Office for National Statistics published that Plymouth's unitary authority area population was 256,384; 15,664 more people than that of the last census from 2001, which indicated that Plymouth had a population of 240,720.


Premise: Which term is criticized as vague?

Hypothesis: Many detractors think this term specially serves the doctrinal agenda of parties opposing reform in the public interest or otherwise abusing related legislations; and that it disallows intelligent discussion about specific and often unrelated aspects of copyright, patents, trademarks, etc.


Premise: Who did Vilanova replace as manager?

Hypothesis: It was announced in summer of 2012 that Tito Vilanova, assistant manager at FC Barcelona, would take over from Pep Guardiola as manager.


Premise: Is liberation from samsara possible?

Hypothesis: In the Buddhist view, liberation from samsara is possible by following the Buddhist path.


Premise: When were the Houston Astros in the World Series?

Hypothesis: expansion team formed in 1962 (known as the "Colt .45s" until 1965) that made one World Series appearance in 2005.


Premise: What year was Guinea-Bissau declared independent?

Hypothesis: Upon independence, declared in 1973 and recognised in 1974, the name of its capital, Bissau, was added to the country's name to prevent confusion with Guinea (formerly French Guinea).


Premise: Upon release, what interface allowed Mac users to sample Apple's new operating system and provide feedback for the actual release?

Hypothesis: At US$29.99, it allowed adventurous Mac users to sample Apple's new operating system and provide feedback for the actual release.


Premise: What disciplines does India want to introduce to madaris?

Hypothesis: Though the madaris impart Quranic education mainly, efforts are on to include Mathematics, Computers and science in the curriculum.


Premise: Which friend received the letter in which Chopin referenced Liszt?

Hypothesis: Although it is not known exactly when Chopin first met Liszt after arriving in Paris, on 12 December 1831 he mentioned in a letter to his friend Woyciechowski that "I have met Rossini, Cherubini, Baillot, etc.—also Kalkbrenner.


Premise: Besides Georgia, what other state primary did Edwards win?

Hypothesis: Dean, despite having withdrawn from the race two weeks earlier, won his home state of Vermont.


Premise: How many Montanans joined the military in the war total?

Hypothesis: Another 40,000-plus Montanans entered the armed forces in the first year following the declaration of war, and over 57,000 joined up before the war ended.


Premise: Did Arians have one set of beliefs?

Hypothesis: They supported the tenets of Origenist thought and theology, but had little else in common.


Premise: What is the 2nd-largest Oklahoma newspaper?

Hypothesis: The Oklahoman, based in Oklahoma City, is the largest newspaper in the state and 54th-largest in the nation by circulation, with a weekday readership of 138,493 and a Sunday readership of 202,690.


Premise: When did Alexander the Great die?

Hypothesis: The Hellenistic period covers the period of ancient Greek (Hellenic) history and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year.


Premise: What is the extent of God's knowledge?

Hypothesis: The concept of God as described by theologians commonly includes the attributes of omniscience (infinite knowledge), omnipotence (unlimited power), omnipresence (present everywhere), omnibenevolence (perfect goodness), divine simplicity, and eternal and necessary existence.


Premise: How many seasons was Jennifer Lopez a judge on American Idol?

Hypothesis: Fox announced on May 11, 2015 that the fifteenth season would be the final season of American Idol; as such, the season is expected to have an additional focus on the program's alumni.


Premise: Which powerful Galician lords did they murder?

Hypothesis: Isabella I of Castile, considered a usurper by many Galician nobles, eradicated all armed resistance and definitively established the royal power of the Castilian monarchy.


Premise: What percentage of the population considers themselves American

Hypothesis: In 2010, 6.9% of the population (1,269,765) considered themselves to be of only American ancestry (regardless of race or ethnicity).


Premise: In what city was the 1876 Centennial Exposition?

Hypothesis: Bell began a series of public demonstrations and lectures to introduce the new invention to the scientific community as well as the general public.


Premise: What is the most commonly practiced religion in New Delhi?

Hypothesis: Other religious groups (2.5%) include Parsis, Buddhists and Jews.


Premise: What problems did the elections face?

Hypothesis: It was marred by terrorism and sabotage resulting in 600 deaths.


Premise: What is another name for videophone calls?

Hypothesis: Both videophone calls and videoconferencing are also now commonly referred to as a video link.


Premise: What does a Dai-al-Mutlaq do?

Hypothesis: After his death, they believe their 21st Imam Taiyab abi al-Qasim went into a Dawr-e-Satr (period of concealment) that continues to this day.


Premise: What is the most widely known madrasah?

Hypothesis: The curriculum of a madrasah was usually set by its founder, but most generally taught both the religious sciences and the physical sciences.


Premise: What is the cup called now?

Hypothesis: This European place applies even if the team is relegated or is not in the English top flight.


Premise: What is the interest of the Savile club at Eton?

Hypothesis: Societies tend to come and go, of course, depending on the special enthusiasms of the masters and boys in the school at the time, but some have been in existence many years.


Premise: In 1982, what is the name of the editor who replaced the previous editor of The Times?

Hypothesis: However, direct input of text by journalists ("single stroke" input) was still not achieved, and this was to remain an interim measure until the Wapping dispute of 1986, when The Times moved from New Printing House Square in Gray's Inn Road (near Fleet Street) to new offices in Wapping.


Premise: In sign languages what are not represented as instances of speech sounds?

Hypothesis: The same principles have been applied to the analysis of sign languages (see Phonemes in sign languages), even though the sub-lexical units are not instantiated as speech sounds.


Premise: Who is excluded from Freemasonry?

Hypothesis: As Freemasonry spread, continental masons began to include their ladies in Lodges of Adoption, which worked three degrees with the same names as the men's but different content.


Premise: Ibrahim Pasha finally faced defeat where?

Hypothesis: Although Ibrahim was defeated in Mani, he had succeeded in suppressing most of the revolt in the Peloponnese and Athens had been retaken.


Premise: Along with Jackson and Monroe Wards, what neighborhood notably features cast-iron fences?

Hypothesis: Second only to New Orleans in its concentration of cast iron work, the city is home to a unique collection of cast iron porches, balconies, fences, and finials.


Premise: What was the name of Chicago's first electric trolley system?

Hypothesis: Sprague's motor and related inventions led to an explosion of interest and use in electric motors for industry, while almost simultaneously another great inventor was developing its primary competitor, which would become much more widespread.


Premise: What were the first two North American games released?

Hypothesis: The games released in North America are: Digimon World, Digimon World 2, Digimon World 3, Digimon World 4, Digimon Digital Card Battle, Digimon Rumble Arena, Digimon Rumble Arena 2, Digimon Battle Spirit, Digimon Battle Spirit 2, Digimon Racing, Digimon World DS, Digimon World Data Squad, Digimon World Dawn and Dusk, Digimon World Championship, and Digimon Masters.


Premise: Which European government contributed the most to the UNFPA in 2008?

Hypothesis: According to its Annual Report for 2008, the UNFPA received its funding mainly from European Governments:


Premise: What was the only archosaur to survive the fourth mass extinction?

Hypothesis: All this climatic change, however, resulted in a large die-out known as the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event, in which all archosaurs (excluding ancient crocodiles), most synapsids, and almost all large amphibians went extinct, as well as 34% of marine life in the fourth mass extinction event of the world.


Premise: Which sedimentary beds were created in the dry areas of Euramerica in the Devonian period?

Hypothesis: The continent Euramerica (or Laurussia) was created in the early Devonian by the collision of Laurentia and Baltica, which rotated into the natural dry zone along the Tropic of Capricorn.


Premise: What type of musician is Bill Frisell?

Hypothesis: The city is also home to such varied artists as avant-garde jazz musicians Bill Frisell and Wayne Horvitz, hot jazz musician Glenn Crytzer, hip hop artists Sir Mix-a-Lot, Macklemore, Blue Scholars, and Shabazz Palaces, smooth jazz saxophonist Kenny G, classic rock staples Heart and Queensrÿche, and alternative rock bands such as Foo Fighters, Harvey Danger, The Presidents of the United States of America, The Posies, Modest Mouse, Band of Horses, Death Cab for Cutie, and Fleet Foxes.


Premise: What museum reopened on July 30th, 2011 after a huge renovation?

Hypothesis: The SeaCity Museum is located in the west wing of the civic centre, formerly occupied by Hampshire Constabulary and the Magistrates' Court, and focuses on Southampton's trading history and on the RMS Titanic.


Premise: What park and ride service is located at George Junction?

Hypothesis: There are three Park and ride services located at Milehouse, Coypool (Plympton) and George Junction (Plymouth City Airport), which are operated by First South West.


Premise: How many bombs hit Plymouth on Hitler's birthday?

Hypothesis: On 19/20 April 1941, in honour of Hitler's 52nd birthday, 712 bombers hit Plymouth with a record 1,000 tons of bombs.


Premise: What are the recommendations for pouring bottle conditioned beers?

Hypothesis: It is usually recommended that the beer be poured slowly, leaving any yeast sediment at the bottom of the bottle.


Premise: How did Edison achieve a higher vacuum than other inventors?

Hypothesis: They conclude that Edison's version was able to outstrip the others because of a combination of three factors: an effective incandescent material, a higher vacuum than others were able to achieve (by use of the Sprengel pump) and a high resistance that made power distribution from a centralized source economically viable.


Premise: Who was the last person killed by the Inquisition?

Hypothesis: The last victim of the Inquisition was Gaietà Ripoli, a teacher accused of being a deist and a Mason who was hanged in Valencia in 1824.


Premise: What does the genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas primarily focus on?

Hypothesis: Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas primarily focus on Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups and Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups.


Premise: Between what years did the main engineering work on the port of Montevideo Bay take place?

Hypothesis: The port on Montevideo Bay is one of the reasons the city was founded.


Premise: What is Michigan's first urban park?

Hypothesis: It extends from Hart Plaza to the MacArthur Bridge accessing Belle Isle Park (the largest island park in a U.S. city).


Premise: What group protested for Naguib's reinstatement?

Hypothesis: As Naguib intended, a mutiny immediately followed, demanding Naguib's reinstatement and the RCC's dissolution.


Premise: What is the name of the oldest church in Plymouth?

Hypothesis: The city's oldest church is St Andrew's (Anglican) located at the top of Royal Parade—


Premise: What race was Sherman McCoy?

Hypothesis: In the same article, the Reverend Al Sharpton (whose fictional analogue in the novel is "Reverend Bacon") asserts that "twenty years later, the cynicism of The Bonfire of the Vanities is as out of style as Tom Wolfe's wardrobe."


Premise: Where does the Downeaster service to maine start?

Hypothesis: Amtrak's Northeast Corridor and Chicago lines originate at South Station, which serves as a major intermodal transportation hub, and stop at Back Bay.


Premise: Where was Russian schooling mandatory in the 20th century?

Hypothesis: In the 20th century, Russian was mandatorily taught in the schools of the members of the old Warsaw Pact and in other countries that used to be satellites of the USSR.


Premise: How tall is the peak of Piz Bernina

Hypothesis: The second-highest major peaks are Monte Rosa at 4,634 m (15,200 ft) and Ortler at 3,905 m (12,810 ft), respectively


Premise: In what manner are sheets normally cut?

Hypothesis: The paper is then fed onto reels if it is to be used on web printing presses, or cut into sheets for other printing processes or other purposes.


Premise: What computer OS did iPod software exclusively work with at launch?

Hypothesis: Unlike most other media players, Apple does not support Microsoft's WMA audio format—but a converter for WMA files without Digital Rights Management (DRM) is provided with the Windows version of iTunes.


Premise: What material we use to write or print on, like wood, becomes softer and more pliable when wet?

Hypothesis: The general effect of the water content upon the wood substance is to render it softer and more pliable.


Premise: Which campaign specifically was Hanover a target for in World War II?

Hypothesis: As an important railroad and road junction and production center, Hanover was a major target for strategic bombing during World War II, including the Oil Campaign.


Premise: What writer fused humanism with the Dominican Order teachings?

Hypothesis: At the same time the order found itself face to face with the Renaissance.


Premise: On what date was the rebuilding of The Main Building begun at Notre Dame after the fire that claimed the previous?

Hypothesis: Sorin and the president at the time, the Rev. William Corby, immediately planned for the rebuilding of the structure that had housed virtually the entire University.


Premise: When a specialized species resorts to foraging and eating other diets, it's like because it's primary food source is?

Hypothesis: Some will switch to other prey (with varying degrees of success) when the preferred target is extremely scarce, and they may also resort to scavenging or a herbivorous diet if possible.[citation needed]


Premise: Did Thomas Newman compose the score after filming or during filming?

Hypothesis: Rather than composing the score once the film had moved into post-production, Newman worked during filming.


Premise: Who are some of the most important philosophers in history?

Hypothesis: Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, Augustine, Descartes, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche—have become as canonical as any writers.


Premise: When did Massamba-Debat lose power in the Congo?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, Massamba-Débat was unable to reconcile various institutional, tribal and ideological factions within the country and his regime ended abruptly with a bloodless coup d'état in September 1968.


Premise: Who wrote the book Colonel Sun?

Hypothesis: Further references to Fleming's material can be found throughout the film; an MI6 safehouse is called "Hildebrand Rarities and Antiques", a reference to the short story "The Hildebrand Rarity" from the For Your Eyes Only short story collection.[citation needed]


Premise: Why can't Koch's postulates be applied ethically for many human diseases?

Hypothesis: One way of proving that a given disease is "infectious", is to satisfy Koch's postulates (first proposed by Robert Koch), which demands that the infectious agent be identified only in patients and not in healthy controls, and that patients who contract the agent also develop the disease.


Premise: Did the FBI target MLK?

Hypothesis: The remaining 15% of COINTELPRO resources were expended to marginalize and subvert white hate groups, including the Ku Klux Klan and the National States' Rights Party.


Premise: What was censored?

Hypothesis: Gorbachev's plan also included billboards promoting sobriety, increased penalties for public drunkenness, and to censor drinking scenes from old movies.


Premise: What book is considered to be the source of many Orthodox beliefs regarding Mary?

Hypothesis: The Orthodox believe that Mary was instrumental in the growth of Christianity during the life of Jesus, and after his Crucifixion, and Orthodox Theologian Sergei Bulgakov wrote: "The Virgin Mary is the center, invisible, but real, of the Apostolic Church."


Premise: What gives mountain vallys their characteristic "V" shape before glacation?

Hypothesis: If a glacial valley runs into a large body of water, it forms a fjord.


Premise: What book did Thomas Burnet right in 1681?

Hypothesis: Beginning with Thomas Burnet's Sacred Theory of the Earth in 1681, natural philosophers began to explore the idea that the Earth had changed over time.


Premise: What were non-Muslim groups under the Umayyads called?

Hypothesis: They were given a legally protected status as second-class citizens as long as they accepted and acknowledged the political supremacy of the ruling Muslims.


Premise: When was the Canada First Defence Strategy introduced?

Hypothesis: Based on that strategy, the Canadian military is oriented and being equipped to carry out six core missions within Canada, in North America and globally.


Premise: What dance music of Chopin was written more for recitals than ballrooms?

Hypothesis: Chopin's mazurkas, while originating in the traditional Polish dance (the mazurek), differed from the traditional variety in that they were written for the concert hall rather than the dance hall; "it was Chopin who put the mazurka on the European musical map.


Premise: Where did Athanasius think Faith resides?

Hypothesis: They are, it is true, in the places, but outside of the true Faith; while you are outside the places indeed, but the Faith, within you.


Premise: What is a superpower?

Hypothesis: Since the end of the World Wars, the term "great power" has been joined by a number of other power classifications.


Premise: What semi-automatic sniper do Snipers use?

Hypothesis: Snipers use the M107 Long Range Sniper Rifle, the M2010 Enhanced Sniper Rifle, and the M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper Rifle.


Premise: How many employees work for Norman Regional Hospital?

Hypothesis: While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include:


Premise: What is the success rate of Aeta female hunters?

Hypothesis: Aeta women hunt in groups and with dogs, and have a 31% success rate as opposed to 17% for men.


Premise: What state is American Idol winner Kris Allen from?

Hypothesis: It was claimed, later retracted, that 38 million of the 100 million votes cast on the night came from Allen's home state of Arkansas alone, and that AT&T employees unfairly influenced the votes by giving lessons on power-texting at viewing parties in Arkansas.


Premise: What famous German military strategist has a name with Slavic origin?

Hypothesis: The former German state of Prussia took its name from the Baltic Prussians, although it was led by Germans who had assimilated the Old Prussians; the old Prussian language was extinct by the 17th or early 18th century.


Premise: The gyromagnetic ratio is the constant proportion between the magentic field and what?

Hypothesis: The gyromagnetic ratio γ is the constant of proportionality between the frequency ν of nuclear magnetic resonance (or electron paramagnetic resonance for electrons) and the applied magnetic field B: ν = γB. It is difficult to measure gyromagnetic ratios precisely because of the difficulties in precisely measuring B, but the value for protons in water at 7002298150000000000♠25 °C is known to better than one part per million.


Premise: What might have a very hot earth stopped from occurring?

Hypothesis: Some scientists think because the Earth was hotter, that plate tectonic activity was more vigorous than it is today, resulting in a much greater rate of recycling of crustal material.


Premise: In Avicenna's "Floating Man", what could the essence of a person not be?

Hypothesis: The first knowledge of the flying person would be "I am," affirming his or her essence.


Premise: Who helped Albert Magnus bring Aristotelian curriculum to Dominican classrooms?

Hypothesis: Indeed, it was the thirty years of work done by Thomas Aquinas and himself (1245–1274) that allowed for the inclusion of Aristotelian study in the curriculum of Dominican schools.


Premise: How many recording sessions did it take to complete the song?

Hypothesis: In September 2015 it was announced that Sam Smith and regular collaborator Jimmy Napes had written the film's title theme, "Writing's on the Wall", with Smith performing it for the film.


Premise: How many reserve soldiers did North Korea have?

Hypothesis: Although each navy consisted of only several small warships, the North and South Korean navies fought in the war as sea-borne artillery for their in-country armies.


Premise: Name an exemplar of an predator that uses digestion to kill and gain nutrients from it's prey.

Hypothesis: A true predator can commonly be known as one that kills and eats another living thing.


Premise: Who was the new chairman of the State Planning Committee in 1985?

Hypothesis: On September 27, Nikolai Ryzhkov replaced 79-year-old Nikolai Tikhonov as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, effectively the Soviet prime minister, and on October 14, Nikolai Talyzin replaced Nikolai Baibakov as chairman of the State Planning Committee (GOSPLAN).


Premise: Why is green the color of the environmental movement?

Hypothesis: Because of its association with nature, it is the color of the environmental movement.


Premise: What happens when a frame contains areas where nothing has moved?

Hypothesis: If the frame contains areas where nothing has moved, the system simply issues a short command that copies that part of the previous frame, bit-for-bit, into the next one.


Premise: What policies are the Andorrans enforcing?

Hypothesis: Since the promulgation of the 1993 constitution, several Andorranization policies have been enforced, like Catalan medium education.


Premise: In general what are "apizza" known for?

Hypothesis: Modern Apizza on State Street, which opened in 1934, is also well-known.


Premise: When did Palmerston die?

Hypothesis: Palmerston died in 1865, and after a brief ministry led by Russell, Derby returned to power.


Premise: How many tonnes of Cassave is produced per year?

Hypothesis: The importance of food crops over exported cash crops is indicated by the fact that the total production of cassava, the staple food of most Central Africans, ranges between 200,000 and 300,000 tonnes a year, while the production of cotton, the principal exported cash crop, ranges from 25,000 to 45,000 tonnes a year.


Premise: When did Giotto die?

Hypothesis: In Italy the innovations of Cimabue and Duccio, followed by the Trecento master Giotto (d. 1337), greatly increased the sophistication and status of panel painting and fresco.


Premise: According to T3, what was the main differentiator between the "fat" PS3 and the Super Slim?

Hypothesis: Immediately we would be concerned about the durability of the top loading tray that feels like it could be yanked straight out off the console, but ultimately it all feels like Sony's nostalgic way of signing off the current generation console in anticipation for the PS4."


Premise: How many penalty yards are awarded when the ball is nearer the goal line than the usual penalty yardage?

Hypothesis: For a distance penalty, if the yardage is greater than half the distance to the goal line, then the ball is advanced half the distance to the goal line, though only up to the one-yard line (unlike American football, in Canadian football no scrimmage may start inside either one-yard line).


Premise: From what century were men's knee breeches worn at Buckingham designed in?

Hypothesis: Formerly, men not wearing military uniform wore knee breeches of an 18th-century design.


Premise: What is active defense, according to the functions of the DCA?

Hypothesis: Active defense is "the employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks to deny a contested area or position to the enemy" (JP 1-02).


Premise: In what year was San Diego rated as the country's best densely populated city for cycling?

Hypothesis: Testament to San Diego's cycling efforts, in 2006, San Diego was rated as the best city for cycling for U.S. cities with a population over 1 million.


Premise: What company introduced the first device to help deaf people communicate through telecommunications?

Hypothesis: The use of sign language via videotelephony was hampered for many years due to the difficulty of its use over slow analogue copper phone lines, coupled with the high cost of better quality ISDN (data) phone lines.


Premise: Where was Heinrich Heine born?

Hypothesis: The Bronx has also become home to a peculiar poetic tribute, in the form of the Heinrich Heine Memorial, better known as the Lorelei Fountain from one of Heine's best-known works (1838).


Premise: Does Washington (government) operate in both languages (bilingual-Spanish?)

Hypothesis: Moreover, non-Hispanic American origin politicians fluent in Spanish-speak in Spanish to Hispanic majority constituencies.


Premise: What are the goals of the Independent and State School Partnership?

Hypothesis: Launched in 1982, the Universities Summer School is an intensive residential course open to boys and girls throughout the UK who attend state schools, are at the end of their first year in the Sixth Form, and are about to begin their final year of schooling.


Premise: In what year was the Taragaon Museum built?

Hypothesis: It was designed by Carl Pruscha (master-planner of the Kathmandy Valley ) in 1970 and constructed in 1971.


Premise: How long is the Marzilibah funicular?

Hypothesis: A funicular railway leads from the Marzili district to the Bundeshaus.


Premise: What are there 8,100 acres of in Raleigh?

Hypothesis: The Raleigh Parks and Recreation Department offers a wide variety of leisure opportunities at more than 150 sites throughout the city, which include: 8,100 acres (33 km2) of park land, 78 miles (126 km) of greenway, 22 community centers, a BMX championship-caliber race track, 112 tennis courts among 25 locations, 5 public lakes, and 8 public aquatic facilities.


Premise: What do plants need to attract to their flowering?

Hypothesis: A better understanding of plant circadian rhythms has applications in agriculture, such as helping farmers stagger crop harvests to extend crop availability and securing against massive losses due to weather.


Premise: What does Islamic philosophy more clearly explain than Aristotelianism?

Hypothesis: The search for a definitive Islamic philosophy separate from Occasionalism can be seen in what is left of his work.


Premise: The HVC-001 featured which kind of mod output?

Hypothesis: The original HVC-001 model of the Family Computer featured only radio frequency (RF) modulator output.


Premise: When was the first official Test cricket match played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground?

Hypothesis: The first official Test cricket match was played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in March 1877.


Premise: Which Hollywood actress first began in Cork at the Corcadorca Theatre Company?

Hypothesis: The Cork School of Music and the Crawford College of Art and Design provide a throughput of new blood, as do the active theatre components of several courses at University College Cork (UCC).


Premise: What did Elizabeth's mother call Philip?

Hypothesis: Marion Crawford wrote, "Some of the King's advisors did not think him good enough for her.


Premise: Did the Irish Parliamentary Party ever adopt the Parnellite model?

Hypothesis: His party's efficient structure and control contrasted with the loose rules and flexible informality found in the main British parties; – they soon came to model themselves on the Parnellite model.


Premise: What word found in Roman writings became "wad" in modern Dutch?

Hypothesis: Although some placenames recorded in Roman texts could arguably be considered as the oldest "Dutch" single words, like vadam (modern Dutch: wad, English: "mudflat"), the Bergakker inscription yields the oldest evidence of Dutch morphology, but there is no consensus on the interpretation of the rest of the text.


Premise: What's the process in which knots are classified called?

Hypothesis: In grading lumber and structural timber, knots are classified according to their form, size, soundness, and the firmness with which they are held in place.


Premise: What are the major county offices in Oklahoma?

Hypothesis: While each municipality operates as a separate and independent local government with executive, legislative and judicial power, county governments maintain jurisdiction over both incorporated cities and non-incorporated areas within their boundaries, but have executive power but no legislative or judicial power.


Premise: How long did the Eritrean War for Independence last?

Hypothesis: When Emperor Haile Selassie unilaterally dissolved the Eritrean parliament and annexed the country in 1962, the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) waged an armed struggle for independence.


Premise: Who commented on the nature of time in Book 11 of his confessions?

Hypothesis: However, Augustine ends up calling time a “distention” of the mind (Confessions 11.26) by which we simultaneously grasp the past in memory, the present by attention, and the future by expectation.


Premise: According to Thomas Paine, what is the definition of Deism?

Hypothesis: Deism, according to Thomas Paine, is the simple belief in God the Creator, with no reference to the Bible or any other miraculous source.


Premise: By what year did Japanese strategists expand their concept of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere?

Hypothesis: By 1940 they had expanded this to include Indo-China, Malaya, and the Philippines within their concept of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.


Premise: Who were two good biographers of Queen Victoria?

Hypothesis: Biographies of Victoria written before much of the primary material became available, such as Lytton Strachey's Queen Victoria of 1921, are now considered out of date.


Premise: What does database access limit?

Hypothesis: Database access control deals with controlling who (a person or a certain computer program) is allowed to access what information in the database.


Premise: What steps do medical personnel take at that point?

Hypothesis: Some hospital elevators will feature a 'hold' position on the code-blue key switch (similar to fire service) which allows the elevator to remain at a floor locked out of service until code blue is deactivated.


Premise: What was the original name of the Beechen Cliff School

Hypothesis: Others have changed their names over the years such as Beechen Cliff School which was started in 1905 as the City of Bath Boys' School and changed to its present name in 1972 when the grammar school was amalgamated with a local secondary modern school, to form a comprehensive school.


Premise: What was Von Neumann's mother's name?

Hypothesis: Von Neumann was born Neumann János Lajos (in Hungarian the family name comes first), Hebrew name Yonah, in Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary, which was then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, to wealthy Jewish parents of the Haskalah.


Premise: In rural Poland areas, what is considered medicinal for lungs?

Hypothesis: In some places, however, such as in rural areas of Poland, dog fat is believed to have medicinal properties—being good for the lungs for instance.


Premise: What provides refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the Buddha?

Hypothesis: The Sangha is considered to provide a refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the Buddha and providing further examples that the truth of the Buddha's teachings is attainable.


Premise: How did the Russians communicate to the Germans in regards to bombing civilians trying to flee cities?

Hypothesis: The Soviet Union assisted German air forces by allowing them to use signals broadcast by the Soviet radio station at Minsk allegedly "for urgent aeronautical experiments".


Premise: What is one country that stayed mostly feudal and created spectacular architecture for its royalty rather than its burghers?

Hypothesis: England and France remained largely feudal and produced grand domestic architecture for their kings, dukes and bishops, rather than grand town halls for their burghers.


Premise: What are international tribunals and arbiters often called upon to resolve in regards to treaties?

Hypothesis: International tribunals and arbiters are often called upon to resolve substantial disputes over treaty interpretations.


Premise: What kind of technology studies the understanding and manipulation of disease states and pathogens?

Hypothesis: Modern biotechnology often focuses on understanding the metabolic pathways related to a disease state or pathogen, and manipulating these pathways using molecular biology or biochemistry.


Premise: For weather updates from The Weather Channel, which of Life's channels would you have visited?

Hypothesis: The second channel was the World Heritage channel which offered historical information about historical sites.


Premise: Who did the Finished Mystery strongly criticize?

Hypothesis: It strongly criticized Catholic and Protestant clergy and Christian involvement in the Great War.


Premise: What kind of MP3 file sharing continues on?

Hypothesis: Some authorized services, such as Beatport, Bleep, Juno Records, eMusic, Zune Marketplace, Walmart.com, Rhapsody, the recording industry approved re-incarnation of Napster, and Amazon.com sell unrestricted music in the MP3 format.


Premise: What country is spoken of in the inscriptions of a country in Northern Africa from 1390-1352 BC ?

Hypothesis: A country Danaja with a city Mukana (propaply: Mycenea) is mentioned in inscriptions from Egypt from Amenophis III (1390-1352 BC), Thutmosis III (1437 BC).


Premise: Which river flooded in 1908, preceding the expansion of Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: In 2012, the government of India declared Hyderabad the first "Best heritage city of India".


Premise: The Adventist movement has encouraged examining what in full?

Hypothesis: The movement has encouraged the examination of the whole Bible, leading Seventh-day Adventists and some smaller Adventist groups to observe the Sabbath.


Premise: What style was the Montevideo Cabildo?

Hypothesis: The Montevideo Cabildo was the seat of government during the colonial times of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata.


Premise: How long were canals used

Hypothesis: The former main lines of the GWR are still in use today, although many of its branch lines were scrapped under the notorious Beeching Axe.


Premise: Which old, traditional sport is considered to be the national sport by some Swiss?

Hypothesis: Hornussen is another indigenous Swiss sport, which is like a cross between baseball and golf.


Premise: To whom did Schiotz state one should be grateful for the Reformation?

Hypothesis: Reformation should be celebrated as a thanksgiving to God, his truth and his renewed life.


Premise: What can schools do to help children led to better work lives?

Hypothesis: If school curricula or quality do not provide children with appropriate skills for available jobs or if children do nor have the aptitude for schoolwork, school may impede the learning of skills, such as agriculture, which will become necessary for future livelihood.


Premise: What is one target of communication?

Hypothesis: Wilbur Schram (1954) also indicated that we should also examine the impact that a message has (both desired and undesired) on the target of the message.


Premise: What was the main reason for the creation of the Royal Dutch Shell Group?

Hypothesis: It was a move largely driven by the need to compete globally with Standard Oil.


Premise: What was the name of the counter where pubs traditionally sold alcohol to drink at home?

Hypothesis: Until the 1970s most of the larger pubs also featured an off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption.


Premise: What is the nickname of Miami's NFL team?

Hypothesis: The city streets has hosted professional auto races, the Miami Indy Challenge and later the Grand Prix Americas.


Premise: When was he appointed Apostolic Delegate to Turkey and Greece?

Hypothesis: On 30 November 1934, he was appointed Apostolic Delegate to Turkey and Greece and titular archbishop of Mesembria, Bulgaria.


Premise: How are Pacific Islands Americans distinct from the indigenous peoples of the Americas?

Hypothesis: Indigenous Polynesian peoples, which include Marshallese, Samoan, Tahitian, and Tongan, are politically considered Pacific Islands American but are geographically and culturally distinct from indigenous peoples of the Americas.


Premise: What type of symbiotic relationship helps one organism and doesn't have a major affect on the other?

Hypothesis: Commensalism describes a relationship between two living organisms where one benefits and the other is not significantly harmed or helped.


Premise: Which "yer"s were vocalized as vowels?

Hypothesis: A phonological phenomenon, Havlik's law (which began in Proto-Slavic and took various forms in other Slavic languages), appeared in Old Czech; counting backwards from the end of a clause, every odd-numbered yer was vocalized as a vowel, while the other yers disappeared.


Premise: What is Miami's world rank in terms of how impressive its skyline is?

Hypothesis: The city currently has the eight tallest (as well as thirteen of the fourteen tallest) skyscrapers in the state of Florida, with the tallest being the 789-foot (240 m)


Premise: When were the Netherlands' colonies annexed by Napoleon?

Hypothesis: France was finally defeated by a coalition of European armies in 1815.


Premise: Which prominent star felt the 2009 Female Video of the Year award should have went to Beyoncé instead of Taylor Swift?

Hypothesis: pop singer Taylor Swift's "You Belong with Me", led to Kanye West interrupting the ceremony and Beyoncé improvising a re-presentation of Swift's award during her own acceptance speech.


Premise: Where does the Yangtze River flow in Nanjing?

Hypothesis: The Yangtze River flows past the west side and then north side of Nanjing City, while the Ningzheng Ridge surrounds the north, east and south side of the city.


Premise: What South African city participated in the first public video-conference?

Hypothesis: In 1995 the first public videoconference between North America and Africa took place, linking a technofair in San Francisco with a techno-rave and cyberdeli in Cape Town.


Premise: On what date were the armies under Władysław III defeated by Murad II?

Hypothesis: Four years later, John Hunyadi prepared another army (of Hungarian and Wallachian forces) to attack the Turks but was again defeated by Murad II at the Second Battle of Kosovo in 1448.


Premise: What material can sometimes be expelled by coughing if the cavities it's stored in connect to bronchi?

Hypothesis: Affected tissue is replaced by scarring and cavities filled with caseous necrotic material.


Premise: What is a common method used during regression testing?

Hypothesis: Common methods of regression testing include re-running previous sets of test-cases and checking whether previously fixed faults have re-emerged.


Premise: What former managing director od Goldman Sachs international division is president of The European Central Bank?

Hypothesis: The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central bank for the euro and administers monetary policy of the Eurozone, which consists of 19 EU member states and is one of the largest currency areas in the world.


Premise: Who was scientific ringing pioneered by?

Hypothesis: Scientific ringing was pioneered by Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen in 1899.


Premise: Who ruled Swaziland in the late 1970s?

Hypothesis: Following the elections of 1973, the constitution of Swaziland was suspended by King Sobhuza II who thereafter ruled the country by decree until his death in 1982.


Premise: What were the net profits of the Premier League in 2013-14?

Hypothesis: The Premier League has the highest revenue of any football league in the world, with total club revenues of €2.48 billion in 2009–10.


Premise: At the University of Manchester, who oversaw the building of a computer using transistors instead of valves?

Hypothesis: At the University of Manchester, a team under the leadership of Tom Kilburn designed and built a machine using the newly developed transistors instead of valves.


Premise: What is the annual Montevideo Carnaval part of?

Hypothesis: As the capital of Uruguay, Montevideo is home to a number of festivals and carnivals including a Gaucho festival when people ride through the streets on horseback in traditional gaucho gear.


Premise: What percentage of those sold as slaves in North America landed at Sullivan's Island?

Hypothesis: An estimated 40% of the total 400,000 Africans transported and sold as slaves into North America are estimated to have landed at Sullivan's Island, just off the port of Charles Town; it is described as a "hellish Ellis Island of sorts ....


Premise: What factors limit performance of servo motors?

Hypothesis: Dynamic response characteristics such as winding inductance and rotor inertia are also important; these factors limit the overall performance of the servomechanism loop.


Premise: What Queen song was performed on a May 2012 episode of Glee?

Hypothesis: In the autumn of 2009, Glee featured the fictional high school's show choir singing "Somebody to Love" as their second act performance in the episode "The Rhodes Not Taken".


Premise: What university class year belonged to the group of theorists?

Hypothesis: These days, group theory is still a highly active mathematical branch, impacting many other fields.a[›]


Premise: How large was a standard LaserDisc?

Hypothesis: The LaserDisc at its most fundamental level was still recorded as a series of pits and lands much like CDs, DVDs, and even Blu-ray Discs are today.


Premise: Hundreds of different dog breeds exist because of what?

Hypothesis: Most breeds of dog are at most a few hundred years old, having been artificially selected for particular morphologies and behaviors by people for specific functional roles.


Premise: What is used to close the circuit of a dipole antenna?

Hypothesis: The dipole antenna, which is the basis for most antenna designs, is a balanced component, with equal but opposite voltages and currents applied at its two terminals through a balanced transmission line (or to a coaxial transmission line through a so-called balun).


Premise: John Deacon played what instrument?

Hypothesis: The band had a number of bass players during this period who did not fit with the band's chemistry.


Premise: Who composed the first printed constitutions for Freemasonry?

Hypothesis: At the dawn of the Grand Lodge era, during the 1720s, James Anderson composed the first printed constitutions for Freemasons, the basis for most subsequent constitutions, which specifically excluded women from Freemasonry.


Premise: How many dorms for males are on the Notre Dame campus?

Hypothesis: Because of the religious affiliation of the university, all residence halls are single-sex, with 15 male dorms and 14 female dorms.


Premise: What magazine described the Super Slim as "nostalgic"?

Hypothesis: Immediately we would be concerned about the durability of the top loading tray that feels like it could be yanked straight out off the console, but ultimately it all feels like Sony's nostalgic way of signing off the current generation console in anticipation for the PS4."


Premise: A patent issue much later than normally expected can be referred to as what?

Hypothesis: An exception is the United States, where patents filed prior to 8 June 1995 expire 17 years after the publication date of the patent, but application extensions make it possible for a patent to issue much later than normally expected (see submarine patents).


Premise: Which members of British royalty were seen on the BBC in May of 1937?

Hypothesis: The service was reaching an estimated 25,000–40,000 homes before the outbreak of World War II which caused the service to be suspended in September 1939.


Premise: How widespread was the success of CD-4 format?

Hypothesis: CD-4 was even less successful than the two matrixed formats.


Premise: In Sri Lanka, what was determined to be the best unifying scripture?

Hypothesis: Over the years, various attempts have been made to synthesize a single Buddhist text that can encompass all of the major principles of Buddhism.


Premise: Which recurring James Bond characters appear in Spectre?

Hypothesis: Several recurring James Bond characters, including M, Q and Eve Moneypenny return, with the new additions of Léa Seydoux as Dr. Madeleine Swann, Dave Bautista as Mr. Hinx, Andrew Scott as Max Denbigh and Monica Bellucci as Lucia Sciarra.


Premise: How can DC motor turn universal?

Hypothesis: They must be converted from utility power by motor-generators or static inverters at the feeding substations or generated at dedicated traction powerstations.


Premise: In Alsatian, what does Sauerkraut mean?

Hypothesis: Sauerkraut can be served with poultry, pork, sausage or even fish.


Premise: When was management of Albanian bitumen acquired by the French?

Hypothesis: Since 1945, the mine was exploited by the Albanian government and from 2001 to date, the management passed to a French company, which organized the mining process for the manufacture of the natural bitumen on an industrial scale.


Premise: Which mountain in Washington receives the most amount of snowfall?

Hypothesis: On average, the mountains of the western states receive the highest levels of snowfall on Earth.


Premise: Who was considered Victoria's best and kindest advisor?

Hypothesis: However at 17, Victoria, though interested in Albert, was not yet ready to marry.


Premise: What do 'to-min' mean?

Hypothesis: The Duomin (Chinese: 惰民; pinyin: duò mín; Wade–Giles: to-min) are a caste of outcasts in this province.


Premise: When did Robert Louis Stevenson sail on the ship Janet Nicoll?

Hypothesis: The Cruise of the Janet Nichol, together with photographs taken by Robert Louis Stevenson and Lloyd Osbourne.


Premise: What other than additives can give glass a yellow color?

Hypothesis: A glass melt can also acquire an amber color from a reducing combustion atmosphere.


Premise: Where in Russia was the first stop for the relay?

Hypothesis: This gives him the distinction of the being the first active MMA fighter to carry the Olympic flame.


Premise: What processors are used by the current Mac product family?

Hypothesis: The Macintosh is the only mainstream computer platform to have successfully transitioned to a new CPU architecture, and has done so twice.


Premise: What is Allah Ditta Lona Wala's career?

Hypothesis: Alam Lohar has made significant contributions to folklore and Punjabi literature, by being a very influential Punjabi folk singer from 1930 until 1979.


Premise: The word Slav could be derived from what Middle English word?

Hypothesis: The English word Slav could be derived from the Middle English word sclave, which was borrowed from Medieval Latin sclavus or slavus, itself a borrowing and Byzantine Greek σκλάβος sklábos "slave," which was in turn apparently derived from a misunderstanding of the Slavic autonym (denoting a speaker of their own languages).


Premise: What did Nasser do over the years of his rule?

Hypothesis: Zakaria Mohieddin, who was Nasser's vice president, said that Nasser gradually changed during his reign.


Premise: Describe Gaddafi's parents' educational backgrounds.

Hypothesis: From Sirte, he and his family moved to the market town of Sabha in Fezzan, south-central Libya, where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done.


Premise: What was built in the 7th century

Hypothesis: In ongoing border conflicts with the Frisians this first church was destroyed.


Premise: What does the potency of antibacterials depend upon?

Hypothesis: Since the activity of antibacterials depends frequently on its concentration, in vitro characterization of antibacterial activity commonly includes the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of an antibacterial.


Premise: At whose funeral did Chopin play in 1839?

Hypothesis: On 26 July 1840 Chopin and Sand were present at the dress rehearsal of Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale, composed to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the July Revolution.


Premise: Who else does stare decisis affect?

Hypothesis: The difficult question is whether federal judicial power extends to formulating binding precedent through strict adherence to the rule of stare decisis.


Premise: What are typically regarded as "runways at sea"?

Hypothesis: Creating such a surface at sea poses constraints on the carrier – for example, the fact that it is a ship means that a full-length runway would be costly to construct and maintain.


Premise: What do hunters of protected species require in all states?

Hypothesis: Some states make a distinction between protected species and unprotected species (often vermin or varmints for which there are no hunting regulations).


Premise: In what year did the Liberals win huge in the general election?

Hypothesis: The imperial policies of the Conservatives eventually proved unpopular and in the general election of 1906 the Liberals won a huge landslide.


Premise: What was the name of the single unit that didn't surrender?

Hypothesis: Most of the Estonian Defence Forces surrendered according to the orders of the Estonian government, believing that resistance was useless and were disarmed by the Red Army.


Premise: In what year was the Presbyterianism church formed in England?

Hypothesis: The re-establishment of the monarchy in 1660 brought the return of Episcopal church government in England (and in Scotland for a short time); but the Presbyterian church in England continued in Non-Conformity, outside of the established church.


Premise: In what geographical portion of Sudan do some Somalis live?

Hypothesis: Primarily concentrated in the north and Khartoum, the expatriate community mainly consists of students as well as some businesspeople.


Premise: What were Elizabeth's parents' titles after ascending to the throne?

Hypothesis: Her father acceded to the throne on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII in 1936, from which time she was the heir presumptive.


Premise: What material might be developed from wood that could make clothes that resist wear and tear?

Hypothesis: As scientists and engineers further learn and develop new techniques to extract various components from wood, or alternatively to modify wood, for example by adding components to wood, new more advanced products will appear on the marketplace.


Premise: What attributes were bestowed on homo spaiens afer?

Hypothesis: Homo sapiens europaeus was described as active, acute, and adventurous, whereas Homo sapiens afer was said to be crafty, lazy, and careless.


Premise: What is the name of the color pigment on building structures that are made using copper.

Hypothesis: Architectural structures built with copper corrode to give green verdigris (or patina).


Premise: What is the English name for the book Hayek published in 1929?

Hypothesis: Hayek used this body of work as a starting point for his own interpretation of the business cycle, elaborating what later became known as the "Austrian Theory of the Business Cycle".


Premise: In which year did Mercury begin 3 channel stereo recording?

Hypothesis: In 1955, Mercury began three-channel stereo recordings, still based on the principle of the single microphone.


Premise: Who assisted the French in taking forts Oswego and William Henry?

Hypothesis: In 1756 and 1757 the French captured forts Oswego and William Henry from the British.


Premise: What films were available for Japanese market Squeeze LDs?

Hypothesis: A series of releases under the banner "SQUEEZE LD" from Pioneer of mostly Carolco titles included Basic Instinct, Stargate, Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Showgirls, Cutthroat Island, and Cliffhanger.


Premise: Where is there little variation in the length of day throughout the year?

Hypothesis: In the tropics there is little variation in the length of day throughout the year, and it is always warm enough for a food supply, but altitudinal migration occurs in some tropical birds.


Premise: What band did Tim Staffell join after leaving Smile?

Hypothesis: In late 1970, after Staffell left to join the band Humpy Bong, the remaining Smile members, encouraged by Bulsara, changed their name to "Queen" and continued working together.


Premise: What is Kullu famous for?

Hypothesis: Himachali caps are famous art work of the people.


Premise: Who donates discard Western clothing to people in poor places?

Hypothesis: Donated used clothing from Western countries are also delivered to people in poor countries by charity organizations.


Premise: What century had comics in wide production?

Hypothesis: The Adventures of Tintin, with its signature clear line style, was first serialized in newspaper comics supplements beginning in 1929, and became an icon of Franco-Belgian comics.


Premise: Who was the founder of Manjupattan?

Hypothesis: and he established a city called Manjupattan and made Dharmakar the ruler of the valley land.


Premise: What is the the Information Management Group responsible for?

Hypothesis: In June 2011 the Canadian Armed Forces Chief of Force Development announced the establishment of a new organization, the Directorate of Cybernetics, headed by a Brigadier General, the Director General Cyber (DG Cyber).


Premise: What do Muslims believe that Trinitism too closely resembles?

Hypothesis: Muslims repudiate the Christian doctrine of the Trinity and divinity of Jesus, comparing it to polytheism.


Premise: What college of Yale is located at Elm and York Streets in New Haven?

Hypothesis: Popular farmers' markets, managed by the local non-profit CitySeed, set up shop weekly in several neighborhoods, including Westville/Edgewood Park, Fair Haven, Upper State Street, Wooster Square, and Downtown/New Haven Green.


Premise: From when his mother was diagnosed with cancer, how long did she live?

Hypothesis: His mother, Margaret von Neumann, was diagnosed with cancer in 1956 and died within two weeks.


Premise: What type of art is modeled after a supposed Greek bronze original made in the second quarter of the 5th Century BCE.

Hypothesis: The type is represented by neo-Attic Imperial Roman copies of the late 1st or early 2nd century, modelled upon a supposed Greek bronze original made in the second quarter of the 5th century BCE, in a style similar to works of Polykleitos but more archaic.


Premise: What is France's oldest operating news agency?

Hypothesis: France 24 is a television news channel owned and operated by the French government, and is based in Paris.


Premise: What apps work on Windows RT?

Hypothesis: Windows RT, the only edition of Windows 8 for systems with ARM processors, only supports applications included with the system (such as a special version of Office 2013), supplied through Windows Update, or Windows Store apps, to ensure that the system only runs applications that are optimized for the architecture.


Premise: How many deaths are believed to have been caused by alcohol?

Hypothesis: Alcohol use is the third leading cause of early death in the United States.


Premise: When did the IEC isntigate the Red Book CD-DA as an international standard?

Hypothesis: First published in 1980, the standard was formally adopted by the IEC as an international standard in 1987, with various amendments becoming part of the standard in 1996.


Premise: What is supposed to be the last resort for police?

Hypothesis: The use of firearms or deadly force is typically a last resort only to be used when necessary to save human life, although some jurisdictions (such as Brazil) allow its use against fleeing felons and escaped convicts.


Premise: Desktop computers made up how much of Apple's revenue in the third quarter of 2007?

Hypothesis: On October 22, 2007, Apple reported quarterly revenue of US$6.22 billion, of which 30.69% came from Apple notebook sales, 19.22% from desktop sales and 26% from iPod sales.


Premise: How do Piedmont glaciers appear?

Hypothesis: The stress of the movement causes the ice to break and crack loudly, perhaps explaining why the mountains were believed to be home to dragons in the medieval period.


Premise: How far is to the neighboring capitol of San Jose de Mayo?

Hypothesis: Closest cities by road are Las Piedras to the north and the so-called Ciudad de la Costa (a conglomeration of coastal towns) to the east, both in the range of 20 to 25 kilometres (16 mi) from the city center.