Premise: When were the first telephone lines installed?

Hypothesis: The first telephone lines were installed in 1882 and electric street lights took the place of the gas operated ones in 1886.


Premise: Where will the additional current be induced?

Hypothesis: This can be quite a significant effect when the antenna is within a wavelength or two of the ground.


Premise: What was the event that ended religious unity in the Western Church?

Hypothesis: Though many of the events were outside the traditional time-period of the Middle Ages, the end of the unity of the Western Church (the Protestant Reformation), was one of the distinguishing characteristics of the medieval period.


Premise: What gets mounted in the middle of two parallel planes in a cordwood construction?

Hypothesis: In cordwood construction, axial-leaded components were mounted between two parallel planes.


Premise: Who eventually oversaw completion of the Gelati Monastery?

Hypothesis: Began by king David IV and completed by his son Demetrius I of Georgia, the fragmentary panel depicts Theotokos flanked by two archangels.


Premise: According to Genshin, whats has the power to destroy karma?

Hypothesis: In Theravada Buddhism there can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma, since it is a purely impersonal process that is a part of the makeup of the universe.[citation needed]


Premise: What legendary broadcaster died in the '98 season?

Hypothesis: The '98 season would begin on a somber note with the death of legendary broadcaster Harry Caray.


Premise: What is the population of the island?

Hypothesis: This includes Saint Helena and equatorial Ascension Island some 3,730 kilometres (2,318 mi) to the north of Tristan.


Premise: What is a safety hazard to track workers?

Hypothesis: Disadvantages of electric traction include high capital costs that may be uneconomic on lightly trafficked routes; a relative lack of flexibility since electric trains need electrified tracks or onboard supercapacitors and charging infrastructure at stations; and a vulnerability to power interruptions.


Premise: What building provides the location of the Washington University School of Law?

Hypothesis: The law school is located in a state-of-the-art building, Anheuser-Busch Hall (opened in 1997).


Premise: What non party affiliated voters are critical for party to attract in elections?

Hypothesis: An important aim of the minority leader is to develop an electorally attractive agenda of ideas and proposals that unites his or her own House members and that energizes and appeals to core electoral supporters as well as independents and swing voters.


Premise: Name the original Digimon anime.

Hypothesis: The franchise gained momentum with its first anime incarnation, Digimon Adventure, and an early video game, Digimon World, both released in 1999.


Premise: Who now takes responsibility for aviation security?

Hypothesis: In response to the hijackings on September 11, 2001, this responsibility is now primarily taken by the Department of Homeland Security.


Premise: Who in the Bible first grew grapes on their farm?

Hypothesis: In the Bible, grapes are first mentioned when Noah grows them on his farm (Genesis 9:20–21).


Premise: According to Daniel Elazar at the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, at the end of the 11th century, what percentage of the world's Jewry was Ashkenazi?

Hypothesis: These factors are sheer demography showing the migration patterns of Jews from Southern and Western Europe to Central and Eastern Europe.


Premise: Prior to what year were the reports used to assess sea level rise?

Hypothesis: There were problems associated with the pre-1993 sea level records from Funafuti which resulted in improvements in the recording technology to provide more reliable data for analysis.


Premise: What can be paired with transmission lines to create phases that would support output?

Hypothesis: It is also possible to use multiple active elements and combine them together with transmission lines to produce a similar system where the phases add up to reinforce the output.


Premise: When was Paul Vi's Ecclesiae Sanctae issued?

Hypothesis: In Ecclesiae Sanctae, his motu proprio of 6 August 1966, he further invited all bishops to offer their retirement to the pontiff no later than the completion of their 75th year of age.


Premise: To ensure a minimum density of signal transitions  remains in the bitsream, what does USB use?

Hypothesis: To ensure a minimum density of signal transitions remains in the bitstream, USB uses bit stuffing; an extra 0 bit is inserted into the data stream after any appearance of six consecutive 1 bits.


Premise: How did Eisenhower respond to the offer to become a Philippine police chief?

Hypothesis: Also around this time, he was offered a post by the Philippine Commonwealth Government, namely by then Philippine President Manuel L. Quezon on recommendations by MacArthur, to become the chief of police of a new capital being planned, now named Quezon City, but he declined the offer.


Premise: How many jobs in the primary sector were agrictulture?

Hypothesis: The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 109,358.


Premise: Who considers animal fur to be cruel and unnecessary?

Hypothesis: Once uncontroversial, it has recently been the focus of campaigns on the grounds that campaigners consider it cruel and unnecessary.


Premise: What is the maximum LER possible?

Hypothesis: Not all wavelengths of visible electromagnetic energy are equally effective at stimulating the human eye; the luminous efficacy of radiant energy (LER) is a measure of how well the distribution of energy matches the perception of the eye.


Premise: What did the treaty establish?

Hypothesis: While the treaty established what later became the Flathead Indian Reservation, trouble with interpreters and confusion over the terms of the treaty led whites to believe that the Bitterroot Valley was opened to settlement, but the tribal nations disputed those provisions.


Premise: What dollar amount of chocolate does New York export annually?

Hypothesis: Entrepreneurs were forming a "Chocolate District" in Brooklyn as of 2014, while Godiva, one of the world's largest chocolatiers, continues to be headquartered in Manhattan.


Premise: Jazz and blues use ad libitum and what other ornamentation?

Hypothesis: This leaves less room for practices such as improvisation and ad libitum ornamentation, which are frequently heard in non-European art music and in popular music  styles such as jazz and blues.


Premise: Which side of the coalitions did Naples, Sicily and Savoy join?

Hypothesis: Many middle and small powers in Europe, unlike in the previous wars, tried to steer clear away from the escalating conflict, even though they had interests in the conflict or with the belligerents, like Denmark-Norway.


Premise: What would later become the main Islamic form of wall decoration?

Hypothesis: During the Umayyad Dynasty mosaic making remained a flourishing art form in Islamic culture and it is continued in the art of zellige and azulejo in various parts of the Arab world, although tile was to become the main Islamic form of wall decoration.


Premise: What year did the Czech Republic lose in the final of Euro?

Hypothesis: Germany was the first nation to score a golden goal in a major competition, beating Czech Republic in the final of Euro 1996.


Premise: The Museo Torres Garcia exhibits whose unusual portraits?

Hypothesis: The Museo Torres García is located in the Old Town, and exhibits Joaquín Torres García's unusual portraits of historical icons and cubist paintings akin to those of Picasso and Braque.


Premise: Who directed 'Armageddon'?

Hypothesis: His next theatrical release in that same year was the World War II film Saving Private Ryan, about a group of U.S. soldiers led by Capt.


Premise: Which film did Kahn first work with Spielberg on?

Hypothesis: For cinematography, Allen Daviau, a childhood friend and cinematographer, shot the early Spielberg film Amblin and most of his films up to Empire of the Sun; Janusz Kamiński who has shot every Spielberg film since Schindler's List (see List of film director and cinematographer collaborations); and the film editor Michael Kahn who has edited every film directed by Spielberg from Close Encounters to Munich (except E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial).


Premise: The Umayyad Dynasty made mosaic making do what in the Islamic culture?


Premise: HOw many cases of diarrhea are there a year?

Hypothesis: About 1.7 to 5 billion cases of diarrhea occur per year.


Premise: What is an example of a mesa range?

Hypothesis: The Ozark and Ouachita Mountains rise from west to east over the state's eastern third, gradually increasing in elevation in an eastward direction.


Premise: A popular 70s rock band group once played in New Haven, which result in an accident with one of it member, the man name was?

Hypothesis: New Haven was the location of one of Jim Morrison's infamous arrests while he fronted the rock group The Doors.


Premise: Who was the OSO trying to track and gain intelligence on?

Hypothesis: Vandenberg's goals were much like the ones set out by his predecessor; finding out "everything about the Soviet forces in Eastern and Central Europe - their movements, their capabilities, and their intentions.


Premise: How many people in the Bronx are black (not including Hispanic)?

Hypothesis: Over 495,200 blacks resided in the borough, of which 430,600 were non-Hispanic blacks.


Premise: Where does an insect's digestion happen?

Hypothesis: The gut is where almost all of insects' digestion takes place.


Premise: Why were women eventually allowed to serve at sea in the CAF?

Hypothesis: As a result of these reviews, the Department changed its policies to permit women to serve at sea in replenishment ships and in a diving tender, with the army service battalions, in military police platoons and field ambulance units, and in most air squadrons.


Premise: Along with anxiety, what is an example of directionless emotion?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, emotion can be used to refer to states that are mild (as in annoyed or content) and to states that are not directed at anything (as in anxiety and depression).


Premise: What led to the loss of power of traditional Greek parties?

Hypothesis: No party could form a sustainable government, which led to the parliamentary elections of June 2012.


Premise: How does the audience being acknowledged by the wrestlers impact the show?

Hypothesis: The audience is recognized and acknowledged by the performers as spectators to the sporting event being portrayed, and are encouraged to interact as such.


Premise: How many colors were 45s available in when first released?

Hypothesis: The first release of the 45 came in seven colors: black 47-xxxx popular series, yellow 47-xxxx juvenile series, green (teal) 48-xxxx country series, deep red 49-xxxx classical series, bright red (cerise) 50-xxxx blues/spiritual series, light blue 51-xxxx international series, dark blue 52-xxxx light classics.


Premise: What is the world in which the digimon live?

Hypothesis: The group of children who come in contact with the Digital World changes from series to series.


Premise: In what year did investment in renewables exceed fossils?

Hypothesis: In 2015, investment in renewables exceeded fossils.


Premise: What determines genotype?

Hypothesis: Basically, race in Brazil was "biologized", but in a way that recognized the difference between ancestry (which determines genotype) and phenotypic differences.


Premise: What is the oldest law school in Chicago?

Hypothesis: In the 1870s and 1880s, Northwestern affiliated itself with already existing schools of law, medicine, and dentistry in Chicago.


Premise: What kind of technology studies the understanding and manipulation of disease states and pathogens?

Hypothesis: A great deal of early-stage drug discovery has traditionally been carried out by universities and research institutions.


Premise: About whom did he write his most widely-read work?

Hypothesis: His biography of Anthony the Great entitled Life of Antony(Βίος καὶ Πολιτεία Πατρὸς Ἀντωνίου, Vita Antonii) became his most widely-read work.


Premise: Who helped the rest of the world use the word manga outside of Japan's borders?

Hypothesis: The publication of Frederik L. Schodt's Manga!


Premise: Who granted Universal the production loan?

Hypothesis: The production went $300,000 over budget; Standard called in the loan, cash-strapped Universal could not pay, Standard foreclosed and seized control of the studio on April 2, 1936.


Premise: During what show did Kanye take an opportunity to criticize the efforts of a U.S. President?

Hypothesis: On September 2, 2005, during a benefit concert for Hurricane Katrina relief on NBC, A Concert for Hurricane Relief, West (a featured speaker) accused President George W. Bush of not "car[ing] about black people".


Premise: There has been a reunification of contemporary house with what?

Hypothesis: Many hip hop and R&B artists also turn to house music to add a mass appeal to the music they produce.


Premise: Who said that Chopin set out "into the wide world, with no very clearly defined aim, forever?"

Hypothesis: " When in September 1831 he learned, while travelling from Vienna to Paris, that the uprising had been crushed, he expressed his anguish in the pages of his private journal: "Oh God! ...


Premise: What victory strengthened John's position?

Hypothesis: John's position in France was considerably strengthened by the victory at Mirebeau, but John's treatment of his new prisoners and of his ally, William de Roches, quickly undermined these gains.


Premise: Who said Burke wrote 'pure foppery' about Marie-Antoinette?

Hypothesis: Burke was informed by an Englishman who had talked with the Duchesse de Biron, that when Marie-Antoinette was reading the passage, she burst into tears and took considerable time to finish reading it.


Premise: Why did more than half a million people flee?

Hypothesis: Around 1.2 million people were refugees inside and outside of the country.


Premise: When were birds represented in early cave paintings?

Hypothesis: Birds have featured in culture and art since prehistoric times, when they were represented in early cave paintings.


Premise: Where was Jacques Couer from?

Hypothesis: Families like the Fuggers in Germany, the Medicis in Italy, the de la Poles in England, and individuals like Jacques Coeur in France would help finance the wars of kings, and achieve great political influence in the process.


Premise: What is the name of the flying mammal in Guam that some are concerned for?

Hypothesis: (Since Guam is a significant vacation spot for scuba divers, this is important.)


Premise: In Matthew, who else besides Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene are with Mary at the Crucifixion?

Hypothesis: Mary is also depicted as being present among the women at the crucifixion during the crucifixion standing near "the disciple whom Jesus loved" along with Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene,[Jn 19:25-26] to which list Matthew 27:56 adds "the mother of the sons of Zebedee", presumably the Salome mentioned in Mark 15:40.


Premise: When was Marvel founded?

Hypothesis: Martin Goodman, a pulp magazine publisher who had started with a Western pulp in 1933, was expanding into the emerging—and by then already highly popular—new medium of comic books.


Premise: What is the largest European ancestry?

Hypothesis: The five largest European ancestries reported in the 2010 United States Census Census included Irish (12.5%), Italian (8.4%), German (8.1%), Polish (3.6%), and English (3.0%).


Premise: Which  Alexander Archipenko piece was similar to other Cubist scupltures of that time?

Hypothesis: According to Douglas Cooper: "The first true Cubist sculpture was Picasso's impressive Woman's Head, modeled in 1909–10, a counterpart in three dimensions to many similar analytical and faceted heads in his paintings at the time.


Premise: What month are most NFL preseason games in?

Hypothesis: These exhibition games, most of which are held in the month of August, are played for the purpose of helping coaches narrow down the roster from the offseason limit of 90 players to the regular-season limit of 53 players.


Premise: What Rajasthani national park is known for its tigers?

Hypothesis: At one point, due to poaching and negligence, tigers became extinct at Sariska, but five tigers have been relocated there.


Premise: What happened to the magazines after their run of Digimon?

Hypothesis: In a money saving venture, the original stories were later removed from Digimon Magazine, which returned to printing translated German adaptations of Tamers episodes.


Premise: In what centuries did a Jewish community develop in England?

Hypothesis: Communities were established in Germany and England in the 11th and 12th centuries, but Spanish Jews, long settled in Spain under the Muslims, came under Christian rule and increasing pressure to convert to Christianity.


Premise: How many Knights are in The Order?

Hypothesis: The Order is limited to 300 Knights and Dames Grand Cross, 845 Knights and Dames Commander, and 8,960 Commanders.


Premise: Which court case featured an unprecedented and controversial decision?

Hypothesis: and Asians).There has recently been a strong push among American states to ban racial or gender preferences in university admissions, in reaction to the controversial and unprecedented decision in Grutter v. Bollinger.


Premise: What was William Scott Wilson's occupation?

Hypothesis: According to Wilson, an early reference to the word "samurai" appears in the Kokin Wakashū (905–914), the first imperial anthology of poems, completed in the first part of the 10th century.


Premise: What was the name of the font used prior to the release of the iPod Mini?

Hypothesis: Starting with the iPod Mini, the Chicago font was replaced with Espy Sans.


Premise: When did The First Samnite War end?

Hypothesis: The First Samnite War from 343 BC to 341 BC was relatively short: the Romans beat the Samnites in two battles, but were forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict further due to the revolt of several of their Latin allies in the Latin War.


Premise: How many troops did the Chinese enter into the Korean War?

Hypothesis: The CIA would reuse the tactic of dropping plant agents behind enemy lines by parachute again on China, and North Korea.


Premise: What is need in the developing world

Hypothesis: India has also become a focus country for the foundation's sanitation activities which has become evident since the "Reinvent the Toilet Fair" in Delhi, India in March 2014.


Premise: What did the Hyderabad Stock Exchange come to be known as?

Hypothesis: Hyderabad's role in the pearl trade has given it the name "City of Pearls" and up until the 18th century, the city was also the only global trading centre for large diamonds.


Premise: How many people were added to the British Empire by 1922?

Hypothesis: Growing until 1922, around 13,000,000 square miles (34,000,000 km2) of territory and roughly 458 million people were added to the British Empire.


Premise: What was the Manchu Han Imperial Feast?

Hypothesis: The Manchu Han Imperial Feast originated at the court.


Premise: What year was the Hellgate treaty formed?

Hypothesis: In 1855, Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens negotiated the Hellgate treaty between the United States Government and the Salish, Pend d'Oreille, and the Kootenai people of western Montana, which established boundaries for the tribal nations.


Premise: What is the movement ability of hunter-gathers?

Hypothesis: Most hunter-gatherers are nomadic or semi-nomadic and live in temporary settlements.


Premise: What sport do Somalis most enjoy?

Hypothesis: Football is the most popular sport amongst Somalis.


Premise: If instead of producing fabrics, where was India forced to purchase cotton products?

Hypothesis: Indian markets were increasingly forced to supply only raw cotton and, by British-imposed law, to purchase manufactured textiles from Britain.[citation needed]


Premise: In which work published in 1934 did Popper introduce his theories centered around falsifiability?

Hypothesis: In 1929, he obtained the authorisation to teach mathematics and physics in secondary school, which he started doing.


Premise: New forms of Buddhism are created because of what reason?

Hypothesis: At the present time, the teachings of all three branches of Buddhism have spread throughout the world, and Buddhist texts are increasingly translated into local languages.


Premise: Who provides a virtual server service?

Hypothesis: Internet hosting services provide email, web-hosting, or online storage services.


Premise: When did Washington University transition to a national research institution?

Hypothesis: With the additional on-campus housing, Washington University, which had been predominantly a “streetcar college” of commuter students, began to attract a more national pool of applicants.


Premise: What famous Greek author did Athanasius  quote?

Hypothesis: Athanasius's earliest work, Against the Heathen – On the Incarnation (written before 319), bears traces of Origenist Alexandrian thought (such as repeatedly quoting Plato and used a definition from Aristotle's Organon) but in an orthodox way.


Premise: What is the name of the Buddhist doctrine that states that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect?

Hypothesis: The doctrine of pratītyasamutpāda, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamuppāda; Tibetan Wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba; Chinese: 緣起) is an important part of Buddhist metaphysics.


Premise: Where does Miami rank among American cities by population?

Hypothesis: The 44th-most populated city proper in the United States, with a population of 430,332, it is the principal, central, and most populous city of the Miami metropolitan area, and the second most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States after Washington, D.C.


Premise: What is provided by transmitting four bits that represent the packet type twice, in a single PID byte using complemented form?

Hypothesis: Handshake packets consist of only a single PID byte, and are generally sent in response to data packets.


Premise: What event marked the beginning of the Middle Ages?

Hypothesis: The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history:


Premise: What is a bicameral legislature?

Hypothesis: A federal upper house may be based on a special scheme of apportionment, as is the case in the senates of the United States and Australia, where each state is represented by an equal number of senators irrespective of the size of its population.


Premise: What sensor controls light with motion sensors?

Hypothesis: Passive infrared sensors react to changes in heat, such as the pattern created by a moving person.


Premise: Who had a hit single with "(Don't Fear) The Reaper"?

Hypothesis: Blue Öyster Cult, formed in the late 60s, picked up on some of the elements introduced by Black Sabbath with their breakthrough live gold album


Premise: Why was paper tape better than magnetic tape?

Hypothesis: Paper tape was a very popular medium for long-term program storage until the 1980s, less costly and in some ways less fragile than magnetic tape.


Premise: What stopped after the death of Sigismund II Augustus?

Hypothesis: Until the death of Sigismund II Augustus, the last king of the Jagiellonian dynasty, monarchs could be elected from within only the royal family.


Premise: How long ago was the late Jurassic period?

Hypothesis: The well-known early avialan, Archaeopteryx, dates from slightly later Jurassic rocks (about 155 million years old) from Germany.


Premise: When were birds last seen in Keoladeo National Park?

Hypothesis: For example, in the East Asian–Australasian Flyway, up to 65% of key intertidal habitat at the Yellow Sea migration bottleneck has been destroyed since the 1950s.


Premise: What is the current mayor of Richmond?

Hypothesis: As the first African American Baptist Minister elected to the Richmond City Council, Prince's election paved the way for a political paradigm shift in politics that persist today.


Premise: What percentage did the crime rate in San Diego drop from 2002 to 2006?

Hypothesis: Like most major cities, San Diego had a declining crime rate from 1990 to 2000.


Premise: What was said to have occurred between some supporters and protesters?

Hypothesis: The attacks on the torch in London and Paris were described as "despicable" by the Chinese government, condemning them as "deliberate disruptions... who gave no thought to the Olympic spirit or the laws of Britain and France" and who "tarnish the lofty Olympic spirit", and vowed they would continue with the relay and not allow the protests to "impede the Olympic spirit".


Premise: What is the average size of chickens used extensively for it's meat production raised in an intensive environment?

Hypothesis: Breeds have been developed that can grow to an acceptable carcass size (2 kg (4.4 lb)) in six weeks or less.


Premise: In 2010, how many death sentences were overturned due to reversals from courts or appeals?

Hypothesis: In 2010, the death sentences of 53 inmates were overturned as a result of legal appeals or high court reversals.


Premise: What percent of people in Bolivia grew up with an indigenous mother tongue yet don't call themselves indigenous?

Hypothesis: Some groups, including CONAMAQ (the National Council of Ayllus and Markas of Qullasuyu) draw ethnic boundaries within the Quechua- and Aymara-speaking population, resulting in a total of fifty indigenous peoples native to Bolivia.


Premise: Where is post-glacial rebound occuring most?

Hypothesis: This post-glacial rebound, which proceeds very slowly after the melting of the ice sheet or glacier, is currently occurring in measurable amounts in Scandinavia and the Great Lakes region of North America.


Premise: What type of process was used to convert various metals into steel?

Hypothesis: Cast iron and pig iron could be converted into wrought iron and steel using a fining process.


Premise: Who rejected systems such as MUSE as the new standard for the US?

Hypothesis: Several systems were proposed as the new standard for the US, including the Japanese MUSE system, but all were rejected by the FCC because of their higher bandwidth requirements.


Premise: What is the literal meaning of the Prussian word "Kreis?"

Hypothesis: Each Prussian Corps was based within a Kreis (literally "circle") around the chief city in an area.


Premise: What determines the resistance of a filament?

Hypothesis: The cold resistance of tungsten-filament lamps is about 1/15 the hot-filament resistance when the lamp is operating.


Premise: In what month in 2008 did Bike Miami start?

Hypothesis: The city has begun construction of bike routes as of late 2009, and ordinances requiring bike parking in all future construction in the city became mandatory as of October 2009.


Premise: What currently used word was based in ideas from this philosopher?

Hypothesis: Comte's austere vision of the universe, his injunction to "vivre pour altrui" ("live for others", from which comes the word "altruism"), and his idealisation of women inform the works of Victorian novelists and poets from George Eliot and Matthew Arnold to Thomas Hardy.


Premise: The highest peak of the Eastern Alps is where?

Hypothesis: The highest peaks of the Western Alps and Eastern Alps, respectively, are Mont Blanc, at 4,810 m (15,780 ft) and Piz Bernina at 4,049 metres (13,284 ft).


Premise: What statues are near the ones of teachers and educators?

Hypothesis: Boating at night in the river was a main attraction of the city.


Premise: In March 2014, The Times had an average daily circulation of how many people?

Hypothesis: Though traditionally a moderate newspaper and sometimes a supporter of the Conservative Party, it supported the Labour Party in the 2001 and 2005 general elections.


Premise: How many continents did the torch visit?

Hypothesis: The Beijing Organizing Committee attempted to continue negotiation, but further disputes arose over the flag or the anthem of the Republic of China along the 24 km torch route in Taiwan.


Premise: What is anting?

Hypothesis: A behaviour termed as anting in which the bird encourages ants to run through their plumage is also thought to help them reduce the ectoparasite load in feathers.


Premise: what cities in the UK had major house scenes?

Hypothesis: The house scene in cities such as Birmingham, Leeds, Sheffield and London were also provided with many underground Pirate Radio stations and DJs alike which helped bolster an already contagious, but otherwise ignored by the mainstream, music genre.


Premise: What three names did Portugal become known as after Vimara Peres was knighted?

Hypothesis: The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the County of Portugal.


Premise: Who declared the annexation of the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem?

Hypothesis: The UN Security Council has declared the annexation of the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem to be "null and void" and continues to view the territories as occupied.


Premise: Which mountain marked the starting point of the Tennessee border described by the state constitution?

Hypothesis: The state boundaries, according to the Constitution of the State of Tennessee, Article I, Section 31, stated that the beginning point for identifying the boundary was the extreme height of the Stone Mountain, at the place where the line of Virginia intersects it, and basically ran the extreme heights of mountain chains through the Appalachian Mountains separating North Carolina from Tennessee past the Indian towns of Cowee and Old Chota, thence along the main ridge of the said mountain (Unicoi Mountain) to the southern boundary of the state; all the territory, lands and waters lying west of said line are included in the boundaries and limits of the newly formed state of Tennessee.


Premise: Where does Laulupidu usually take place?

Hypothesis: Since 1928, the Tallinn Song Festival Grounds (Lauluväljak) have hosted the event every five years in July.


Premise: Why were houses built on piles?

Hypothesis: Evidence of human habitation has been found in caves near Vercors, close to Grenoble; in Austria the Mondsee culture shows evidence of houses built on piles to keep them dry.


Premise: What is speculated to be available in Norfolk Island's EEZ zone?

Hypothesis: There is a strong belief on the island that some of the revenue generated from Norfolk's EEZ should be available to providing services such as health and infrastructure on the island, which the island has been responsible for, similar to how the Northern Territory is able to access revenue from their mineral resources.


Premise: Which magazine had an article where Michael Lewis spoke with a trader about bad loans?

Hypothesis: In an article in Portfolio Magazine, Michael Lewis spoke with one trader who noted that "There weren’t enough Americans with [bad] credit taking out [bad loans] to satisfy investors' appetite for the end product.


Premise: What is an example of a stereotype found in this double minority?

Hypothesis: In the United States, non-Caucasian LGBT individuals may find themselves in a double minority, where they are neither fully accepted or understood by mainly Caucasian LGBT communities, nor are they accepted by their own ethnic group.


Premise: What is a tax imposed on Jews in 70 CE?

Hypothesis: The Fiscus Judaicus, a tax imposed on Jews in 70 CE and relaxed to exclude Christians in 96 CE, also limited Judaism's appeal.


Premise: Who tried to shut the topless bar down?

Hypothesis: When the county officials tried to close the place, all visitors except Feynman refused to testify in favor of the bar, fearing that their families or patrons would learn about their visits.


Premise: Which Federal Records Center houses materials relevant to JFKs assassination?

Hypothesis: In addition, Federal Records Centers exist in each region that house materials owned by Federal agencies.


Premise: What is one of the foundational methods of social anthropology?

Hypothesis: Participant observation is one of the foundational methods of social and cultural anthropology.


Premise: What device is able to change electric powerinto radio waves and also do the reverse?

Hypothesis: An antenna (plural antennae or antennas), or aerial, is an electrical device which converts electric power into radio waves, and vice versa.


Premise: Which prime minister was appointed only one time?

Hypothesis: For example, Margaret Thatcher was only ever appointed prime minister on one occasion, in 1979.


Premise: During what time period do some scientist believe the first human could have contracted TB from an ancestor they shared with animals?

Hypothesis: A comparison of the genes of M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in humans to MTBC in animals suggests humans did not acquire MTBC from animals during animal domestication, as was previously believed.


Premise: The 3:2 Pulldown techniques gives what total time for two frames?

Hypothesis: In NTSC-system countries, the TV scan rate of 30 frame/s would cause a perceptible speedup if the same were attempted, and the necessary correction is performed by a technique called 3:2 Pulldown:


Premise: Who is said to be the builder of the labyrinth?

Hypothesis: This kind of art goes back to the Minoan period, when its main theme was the representation of motion in a specific moment.


Premise: Write operations to typical Hi-Speed hard drives can what?

Hypothesis: According to routine testing performed by CNet, write operations to typical Hi-Speed (USB 2.0) hard drives can sustain rates of 25–30 MB/s, while read operations are at 30–42 MB/s; this is 70% of the total available bus bandwidth.


Premise: Around what year did construction continue after a period of financial struggle?

Hypothesis: Building resumed when Roger Lupton was Provost, around 1517.


Premise: Who made up a majority of the people on the frontier?

Hypothesis: On occasion, the court forcibly moved peasant farmers to new frontier settlements, along with government-owned slaves and convicts who performed hard labor.


Premise: What was the administration that the empire used to control its debt called?

Hypothesis: By 1881, the Ottoman Empire agreed to have its debt controlled by an institution known as the Ottoman Public Debt Administration, a council of European men with presidency alternating between France and Britain.


Premise: What is the name of the Vietnamese American support network for the LGBT community?

Hypothesis: There are a number of culturally specific support networks for LGBT individuals active in the United States.


Premise: Can the name of a certain bulb shape vary?

Hypothesis: The names of the shapes may be slightly different in some regions.


Premise: What economic philosophy was associated with the West?

Hypothesis: In this respect it was similar to the Three Worlds Theory developed by China's political leader Mao Zedong.


Premise: Chemical stimuli are signals that regulate the activity of what?

Hypothesis: One example is the butterfly Phengaris arion which uses chemical signals as a form of mimicry to aid in predation.


Premise: Who was the son of Al-Hakam ibn Abi al-'As?

Hypothesis: Uthman also appointed as governor of Kufa his half-brother, Walid ibn Uqba, who was accused by Hashmites of leading prayer while under the influence of alcohol.


Premise: What is Iran's most advanced missile?

Hypothesis: Since the 1979 Revolution, to overcome foreign embargoes, Iran has developed its own military industry, produced its own tanks, armored personnel carriers, guided missiles, submarines, military vessels, guided missile destroyer, radar systems, helicopters and fighter planes.


Premise: How many school children died due to shoddy construction?

Hypothesis: In terms of school casualties, thousands of school children died due to shoddy construction.


Premise: The highest temperature ever recorded in NYC was in what year?

Hypothesis: Winters are cold and damp, and prevailing wind patterns that blow offshore minimize the moderating effects of the Atlantic Ocean; yet the Atlantic and the partial shielding from colder air by the Appalachians keep the city warmer in the winter than inland North American cities at similar or lesser latitudes such as Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis.


Premise: What did the people consider Queen Victoria reign to be?

Hypothesis: This was a long period of prosperity for the British people, as profits gained from the overseas British Empire, as well as from industrial improvements at home, allowed a large, educated middle class to develop.


Premise: Where is the hanes Mall located?

Hypothesis: SouthPark Mall in Charlotte is currently the largest in the Carolinas, with almost 2.0 million square feet.


Premise: ASTP stands for what?

Hypothesis: The two nations planned a joint mission to dock the last US Apollo craft with a Soyuz, known as the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP).


Premise: Where was the Barbary Coast?

Hypothesis: The Berbers along the Barbary Coast (modern day Libya) sent pirates to capture merchant ships and hold the crews for ransom.


Premise: Where did Legislative power rest?

Hypothesis: Legislative power rested on the House of Representatives who were also elected on the basis of separate voters' rolls.


Premise: What kind of parapodia do burrowing annelids often have?

Hypothesis: The parapodia of burrowing and tube-dwelling polychaetes are often just ridges whose tips bear hooked chetae.


Premise: What contributed greatly to the severity of the financial crisis of 2007?

Hypothesis: This was done to soften the effects of the collapse of the dot-com bubble and the September 2001 terrorist attacks, as well as to combat a perceived risk of deflation.


Premise: What percentage of the Portuguese population did not give an answer for their religion in the 2011 census?

Hypothesis: According to the 2011 Census, 81.0% of the Portuguese population are Roman Catholic.


Premise: How are voice-onset time details usually presented?

Hypothesis: Hence, the two degrees of aspiration in Korean stops are sometimes transcribed ⟨kʰ kʰʰ⟩ or ⟨kʻ⟩ and ⟨kʰ⟩, but they are usually transcribed [k] and [kʰ], with the details of voice-onset time given numerically.


Premise: How does the mental health profession approach efforts to change sexual orientation?

Hypothesis: No major mental health professional organization has sanctioned efforts to change sexual orientation and virtually all of them have adopted policy statements cautioning the profession and the public about treatments that purport to change sexual orientation.


Premise: Where was Arthur imprisoned?

Hypothesis: After this, Arthur's fate remains uncertain, but modern historians believe he was murdered by John.


Premise: Where was the first figure skating championship held?

Hypothesis: During this period winter sports were slowly introduced: in 1882 the first figure skating championship was held in St. Moritz, and downhill skiing became a popular sport with English visitors early in the 20th century, as the first ski-lift was installed in 1908 above Grindelwald.


Premise: What section of the United Nations Charter states that its members' obligation under the charter outweigh any competing obligations under other treaties?

Hypothesis: Section 103 of the Charter also states that its members' obligations under it outweigh any competing obligations under other treaties.


Premise: What did the European Commission review

Hypothesis: In December 2013, the European Commission opened an investigation to assess whether the project breaks state-aid rules.


Premise: Who administered the oath of office and secrecy?

Hypothesis: In the assembly elections held in November 2012, the Congress secured an absolute majority.


Premise: Who id the most well-known Whitehead scholar?

Hypothesis: Early followers of Whitehead were found primarily at the University of Chicago's Divinity School, where Henry Nelson Wieman initiated an interest in Whitehead's work that would last for about thirty years.


Premise: Where is Tito's birthplace in Croatia?

Hypothesis: Every year a "Brotherhood and Unity" relay race is organized in Montenegro, Macedonia and Serbia which ends at the "House of Flowers" in Belgrade on May 25 – the final resting place of Tito.


Premise: What follows the watershed from the Mediterranean Sea to the Wienerwald?

Hypothesis: Upon reaching the Swiss border, the line of the main chain heads approximately east-northeast, a heading it follows until its end near Vienna.


Premise: Countries which are established use what amount of pesticides?

Hypothesis: The first legislation providing federal authority for regulating pesticides was enacted in 1910; however, decades later during the 1940s manufacturers began to produce large amounts of synthetic pesticides and their use became widespread.


Premise: Which group had an inferior status under Islamic rule?

Hypothesis: Dhimmis had an inferior status under Islamic rule.


Premise: What does REN do?

Hypothesis: Portugal’s national energy transmission company, Redes Energéticas Nacionais (REN), uses sophisticated modeling to predict weather, especially wind patterns, and computer programs to calculate energy from the various renewable-energy plants.


Premise: How many Christian pupils were in ottoman schools in 1861?

Hypothesis: In fact, in many cases, Christians and also Jews were able to gain protection from European consuls and citizenship, meaning they were protected from Ottoman law and not subject to the same economic regulations as their Muslim comrades.


Premise: Who helped save the Ottomans by signing a convention in London?

Hypothesis: After Muhammad Ali refused to obey the requirements of the London convention, the allied Anglo-Austrian fleet blocked the Delta, bombarded Beirut and captured Acre.


Premise: Dominic of Guzman led what order of mendicant friars?

Hypothesis: Out of this ideal emerged two orders of mendicant friars: one, the Friars Minor, was led by Francis of Assisi; the other, the Friars Preachers, by Dominic of Guzman.


Premise: The Ottoman Empire eventually lost control of what region?

Hypothesis: Eventually, the Ottoman Empire lost control of the Balkan region.


Premise: What is the former SNET building in New Haven currently being converted for in the effort of attracting new medical or biotechnology firms?

Hypothesis: A former SNET telephone building at 300 George Street is being converted into lab space, and has been so far quite successful in attracting biotechnology and medical firms.


Premise: How many people does M'era Luna Festival attract?

Hypothesis: Amongst Germany's famous artists there are various Dutch entertainers, such as Johannes Heesters.


Premise: Kilims were used by Turks to provide insulation where?

Hypothesis: Turks used carpets, rugs and kilims not just on the floors of a room, but also as a hanging on walls and doorways, where they provided additional insulation.


Premise: How many casualties did the Blitz ultimately cause?

Hypothesis: It cost around 41,000 lives, and may have injured another 139,000.


Premise: In what year was Upper Alsace sold to the Archduke Sigismund?

Hypothesis: The latter was able to use this tax and a dynastic marriage to his advantage to gain back full control of Upper Alsace (apart from the free towns, but including Belfort) in 1477 when it became part of the demesne of the Habsburg family, who were also rulers of the empire.


Premise: What Bay do rivers from Montana feed?

Hypothesis: Montana contains thousands of named rivers and creeks, 450 miles (720 km) of which are known for "blue-ribbon" trout fishing.


Premise: Who named the element zinc?

Hypothesis: Corrosion-resistant zinc plating of iron (hot-dip galvanizing) is the major application for zinc.


Premise: What public transportation is in the works to be completed by 2018?

Hypothesis: A planned Mid-Coast extension of the Trolley will operate from Old Town to University City and the University of California, San Diego along the I-5 Freeway, with planned operation by 2018.


Premise: What languages use the passive voice more than Catalan?

Hypothesis: This flexibility allows Catalan to use extraposition extensively, much more than French or Spanish.


Premise: Who was responsible for ideological tasks of the written records?

Hypothesis: While the number is not accurately known, it is estimated that between 80,000 and 200,000 Freemasons were killed under the Nazi regime.


Premise: Other than the United States, where in North America are pubs located?

Hypothesis: It is a drinking establishment in Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Denmark and New England.


Premise: What other sports does Kerry participate in?

Hypothesis: In addition to the sports he played at Yale, Kerry is described by Sports Illustrated, among others, as an "avid cyclist", primarily riding on a road bike.


Premise: What is usually dropped for the commercial naming of an HDTV product?

Hypothesis: A frame rate can also be specified without a resolution.


Premise: What company ended its deal with Apple's music store in July of 2007?

Hypothesis: Universal will now supply iTunes in an 'at will' capacity.


Premise: Who was the head of CBS at the time?

Hypothesis: Wallerstein, who was promoted at the end of 1947 from president to chairman of the record company, restored Columbia's status as a leading record company and spearheaded the successful introduction of the long playing (LP) record before he retired as Columbia's chairman in 1951.


Premise: For what category did Spectre receive a Golden Globe award?

Hypothesis: Spectre was released on 26 October 2015 in the United Kingdom on the same night as the world premiere at the Royal Albert Hall in London, followed by a worldwide release.


Premise: What country did Cardinal archbishop Anlbal Munoz Duque represent?

Hypothesis: In Latin America, much support developed for the Pope and his encyclical.


Premise: What three things were popular in the Nanjing Fuzimiao area?

Hypothesis: Thus, one can see the statues of the famous teachers and educators of the past not too far from those of the courtesans who educated the young men in the other arts.


Premise: What percent of the population has completed non-mandatory upper secondary education?

Hypothesis: Of the 24,311 who completed tertiary schooling, 51.6% were Swiss men, 33.0% were Swiss women, 8.9% were non-Swiss men and 6.5% were non-Swiss women.


Premise: What politicians pushed for statehood for Puerto Rico?

Hypothesis: Several days after the referendum, the Resident Commissioner Pedro Pierluisi, Governor Luis Fortuño, and Governor-elect Alejandro García Padilla wrote separate letters to the President of the United States Barack Obama addressing the results of the voting.


Premise: Who started making an unlicensed version of the 40mm at the beginning of the war?

Hypothesis: The Imperial measurement production drawings the British had developed were supplied to the Americans who produced their own (unlicensed) copy of the 40 mm at the start of the war, moving to licensed production in mid-1941.


Premise: Who asked Rome for assistance after being overburdened by their enemies?

Hypothesis: These towns, overwhelmed by the enemy's numbers and ferocity, called on Rome for help.


Premise: Pb2+ causes lead glass to have what?

Hypothesis: The viscosity decrease of lead glass melt is very significant (roughly 100 times in comparison with soda glasses); this allows easier removal of bubbles and working at lower temperatures, hence its frequent use as an additive in vitreous enamels and glass solders.


Premise: What is the popular name of New York's advertising industry?

Hypothesis: The city's fashion industry provides approximately 180,000 employees with $11 billion in annual wages.


Premise: How much money has the US invested in Liberia since 2006?

Hypothesis: Especially palm oil companies like Sime Darby (Malaysia) and Golden Veroleum (USA) are being accused by critics of the destruction of livelihoods and the displacement of local communities, enabled through government concessions.


Premise: in response to Project Vanguard's failed launch, what was the rocket the Soviet Union launched?

Hypothesis: The Soviet success caused public controversy in the United States, and Eisenhower ordered the civilian rocket and satellite project, Vanguard, to move up its timetable and launch its satellite much sooner than originally planned.


Premise: What does using the sun for direction involve?

Hypothesis: Many birds have been shown to use a sun compass.


Premise: Who can claim over 500 million members?

Hypothesis: Together, Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity numbers over 500 million adherents.


Premise: What is the finale of Crop Over called?

Hypothesis: Originally signaling the end of the yearly cane harvest, it evolved into a national festival.


Premise: What groups did Mswati attack in the mid 19th century?

Hypothesis: The extent of their autonomy however was drastically curtailed by Mswati, who attacked and subdued some of them in the 1850s.


Premise: What is a hydrostatic gauge used for?

Hypothesis: Simple hydrostatic gauges can measure pressures ranging from 1 torr (100 Pa) to above atmospheric.


Premise: Which product enabled users to view images on the device?

Hypothesis: MIDI files also cannot be played, but can be converted to audio files using the "Advanced" menu in iTunes.


Premise: When does Wayback Machine save a copy of a website?

Hypothesis: The intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down.


Premise: What was the name of the Portuguese explorer?

Hypothesis: In the 1480s this Portuguese explorer reached the Congo River and the lands of Bakongo, setting up the foundations of modern Angola, some 4200 km down the African coast from Guinea-Bissau.


Premise: When did Gorbachev resign?

Hypothesis: In a nationally televised speech early in the morning of December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR – or, as he put it, "I hereby discontinue my activities at the post of President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics."


Premise: When did the USAF inherit warrant officer ranks from the Army?

Hypothesis: The Air Force stopped appointing warrant officers in 1959, the same year the first promotions were made to the new top enlisted grade, Chief Master Sergeant.


Premise: What would to the carmine pigment if not used diligently?

Hypothesis: With the arrival of cochineal, they had a third, carmine, which made a very fine crimson, though it had a tendency to change color if not used carefully.


Premise: During what span of 2010 did snowfall remain for a significant amount of time on the ground in Richmond?

Hypothesis: Snow typically remains on the ground only one or two days at a time, but remained for 16 days in 2010 (January 30 to February 14).


Premise: Jesus's Resurrection fills believer with what?

Hypothesis: Thus the crucifixion of Jesus along with his resurrection restores access to a vibrant experience of God’s presence, love and grace as well as the confidence of eternal life.


Premise: What became widespread in the Renaissance era?

Hypothesis: Social dancing became more widespread, so musical forms appropriate to accompanying dance began to standardize.


Premise: In addition to "whiskers," what does silver sprout around ions like halide?

Hypothesis: Silver also grows conducting surface paths in the presence of halide and other ions, making it a poor choice for electronics use.


Premise: What was the city attacked by in 1943?

Hypothesis: From 1943 the city was bombarded by Allied aircraft.


Premise: What doctor originally turned Donda West down for her plastic surgery operation?

Hypothesis: The Los Angeles County coroner's office said in January 2008 that West had died of heart disease while suffering "multiple post-operative factors" after plastic surgery.


Premise: How many fans saw Queen in Knebworth park?

Hypothesis: Queen could not book Wembley for a third night, but they did play at Knebworth Park.


Premise: When was Gelug was given the right to conduct the New Years prayer?

Hypothesis: While the task of New Years prayers in Lhasa was granted to the Karmapa and others, Gendün Gyatso traveled in exile looking for allies.


Premise: How many member attended the Catholic Church in the Boston area in 2010?

Hypothesis: As of 2010 the Catholic Church had the highest number of adherents as a single denomination in the Boston-Cambridge-Newton Metro area, with more than two million members and 339 churches, followed by the Episcopal Church with 58,000 adherents in 160 churches.


Premise: Which religion does Boyer equate with a modern soap opera?

Hypothesis: Pascal Boyer argues that while there is a wide array of supernatural concepts found around the world, in general, supernatural beings tend to behave much like people.


Premise: What fine did FIFA impose on Barcelona for the rules violation?

Hypothesis: The Disciplinary Committee regarded the infringements as serious and decided to sanction the club with a transfer ban at both national and international level for two complete and consecutive transfer periods, together with a fine of CHF 450,000.


Premise: What virulence factors do some bacterial species have?

Hypothesis: Vesicles from a number of bacterial species have been found to contain virulence factors, some have immunomodulatory effects, and some can directly adhere to and intoxicate host cells.


Premise: What might a clock showing the same times twice in one day lead to?

Hypothesis: During an autumn transition from 02:00 to 01:00, a clock reads times from 01:00:00 through 01:59:59 twice, possibly leading to confusion.


Premise: Which branch of Christianity gives a diminished role to Mary?

Hypothesis: Many Protestants minimize Mary's role within Christianity, based on the argued brevity of biblical references.


Premise: Who were allies with the Khazars?

Hypothesis: The Rus' and Slavs had earlier allied with the Khazars against Arab raids on the Caucasus, but they increasingly worked against them to secure control of the trade routes.


Premise: What don't helicopters need because of having hover capablility?

Hypothesis: If the aircraft are VTOL-capable or helicopters, they do not need to decelerate and hence there is no such need.


Premise: What does 'Articulata' mean?

Hypothesis: Within the protostomes, annelids used to be grouped with arthropods under the super-group Articulata ("jointed animals"), as segmentation is obvious in most members of both phyla.


Premise: Besides calcium, coated paper has a thin layer of what?

Hypothesis: Coated or uncoated papers may have their surfaces polished by calendering.


Premise: Why was Plymouth targeted the most?

Hypothesis: Plymouth was attacked five times before the end of the month while Belfast, Hull, and Cardiff were hit.


Premise: How old was the village site found near the Santa Cruz River?

Hypothesis: Recent archaeological excavations near the Santa Cruz River have located a village site dating from 2100 BC.[citation needed]


Premise: How was the case of two bills mistakenly assented corrected both in 1796 and 2001?

Hypothesis: In 1976, a bill originating in the House of Representatives was mistakenly submitted to the Governor-General and assented to.


Premise: What scientific theory was created by the Greeks?

Hypothesis: Neither reason nor inquiry began with the Ancient Greeks, but the Socratic method did, along with the idea of Forms, great advances in geometry, logic, and the natural sciences.


Premise: Where is the external metallic sheet connected?

Hypothesis: The connector construction always ensures that the external sheath on the plug makes contact with its counterpart in the receptacle before any of the four connectors within make electrical contact.


Premise: Who started a tradition of naming the head ministers something other than prime minister?

Hypothesis: Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers.


Premise: The suburbs of the city lie between the humid subtropical and what other climate zone?

Hypothesis: The suburbs to the immediate north and west lie in the transition zone from a humid subtropical (Cfa) to a humid continental climate (Dfa).


Premise: What is the total length of the Delhi Metro?

Hypothesis: As of August 2011, the metro consists of six operational lines with a total length of 189 km (117 mi) and 146 stations, and several other lines are under construction.


Premise: What English organization did John Williams belong to?

Hypothesis: Mission work in Samoa had begun in late 1830 by John Williams, of the London Missionary Society arriving in Sapapali'i from The Cook Islands and Tahiti.


Premise: What are the four formal characteristics that are usually connected with Cubism?

Hypothesis: faceting of form, spatial ambiguity, transparency, and multiplicity.


Premise: What were 2 former Northwestern basketball players charged and convicted for in 1998?

Hypothesis: The football team became embroiled in a different betting scandal later that year when federal prosecutors indicted four former players for perjury related to betting on their own games.


Premise: What is the group of elements used to join the elements of an antenna?

Hypothesis: The antenna feed may refer to all components connecting the antenna to the transmitter or receiver, such as an impedance matching network in addition to the transmission line.


Premise: What is one of the flavorings commonly used in Greek Mediterranean food?

Hypothesis: Many Greek recipes, especially in the northern parts of the country, use "sweet" spices in combination with meat, for example cinnamon and cloves in stews.


Premise: Who replace weekly mentors as a more permanent mentor on American Idols tenth season?

Hypothesis: Jimmy Iovine, chairman of the Interscope Geffen A&M label group, the new partner of American Idol, acted as the in-house mentor in place of weekly guest mentors, although in later episodes special guest mentors such as Beyoncé, will.i.am and Lady Gaga were brought in.


Premise: What was Tucson's population in 2006?

Hypothesis: Many veterans who had been gassed in World War I and were in need of respiratory therapy began coming to Tucson after the war, due to the clean dry air.


Premise: What is the Hebrew term for canon?

Hypothesis: the Romance-language ancestors of the English word "cane").


Premise: What was James Broadwood's occupation?

Hypothesis: Sand, who was six years older than the composer, and who had had a series of lovers, wrote at this time: "I must say I was confused and amazed at the effect this little creature had on me ...


Premise: What does the tree live on?

Hypothesis: The American chestnut was virtually eliminated as a canopy species by the introduced fungal chestnut blight (Cryphonectaria parasitica), but lives on as sapling-sized sprouts that originate from roots, which are not killed by the fungus.


Premise: What is the Seattle newspaper as of 2010?

Hypothesis: There is also the Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce, and the University of Washington publishes The Daily, a student-run publication, when school is in session.


Premise: Where is the Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit based?

Hypothesis: The Canadian Special Operations Forces Command (CANSOFCOM) is a formation capable of operating independently but primarily focused on generating special operations forces (SOF) elements to support CJOC.


Premise: Who took Chopin's heart to Poland?

Hypothesis: The expenses of the funeral and monument, amounting to 5,000 francs, were covered by Jane Stirling, who also paid for the return of the composer's sister Ludwika to Warsaw.


Premise: What is lacking in Protestant priesthood, according to the Roman Catholic Church?

Hypothesis: The view of the Roman Catholic Church is that Protestant denominations cannot be considered churches but rather that they are ecclesial communities or specific faith-believing communities because their ordinances and doctrines are not historically the same as the Catholic sacraments and dogmas, and the Protestant communities have no sacramental ministerial priesthood and therefore lack true apostolic succession.


Premise: Who was the recipient of Frédéric's letter he wrote on 12 December 1831?

Hypothesis: Although it is not known exactly when Chopin first met Liszt after arriving in Paris, on 12 December 1831 he mentioned in a letter to his friend Woyciechowski that "I have met Rossini, Cherubini, Baillot, etc.—also Kalkbrenner.


Premise: What is the area known as?

Hypothesis: This area is known as the "fall line" because it marks the elevation inland at which waterfalls begin to appear in creeks and rivers.


Premise: What damage was done at the alternate site?

Hypothesis: It burned shipping in the harbor, roughly 80 French privateers and merchantmen, as well as four warships which were under construction.


Premise: What is difficult to confirm about the bucket in the absence of anything else in the universe?

Hypothesis: It seems equally possible that the surface of the water in the bucket would remain flat.


Premise: How many players can an NFL team have in the off-season?

Hypothesis: These exhibition games, most of which are held in the month of August, are played for the purpose of helping coaches narrow down the roster from the offseason limit of 90 players to the regular-season limit of 53 players.


Premise: A door in the vestible dates back to when?

Hypothesis: It later became a meeting place of the King's Great Council and the Commons, predecessors of Parliament.


Premise: In what city did the show that introduced Cubism to the USA take place?

Hypothesis: Jacques Villon exhibited seven important and large drypoints, his brother Marcel Duchamp shocked the American public with his painting Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 (1912).


Premise: Who was a meeting organized for in 1929 in Atlantic City?

Hypothesis: From May 13 to May 16 in 1929, Johnson hosted a conference for organized crime figures from all across America.


Premise: What did a universitas have in common with similar guilds?

Hypothesis: Like other guilds, they were self-regulating and determined the qualifications of their members.


Premise: USB connections come in what?

Hypothesis: High Speed is supported only by specifically designed USB 2.0 High Speed interfaces (that is, USB 2.0 controllers without the High Speed designation do not support it), as well as by USB 3.0 and newer interfaces.


Premise: Which Houses in the UK must approve a bill before it is assented?

Hypothesis: In the United Kingdom, a bill is presented for royal assent after it has passed all the required stages in both the House of Commons and the House of Lords.


Premise: Who discussed emotions in the context of expressive body actions and cultural labels?

Hypothesis: , expressive body actions, and the appraisal of situations and contexts.


Premise: Who were the Duke and Duchess of York's children?

Hypothesis: The Duke and Duchess and their two daughters lived a relatively sheltered life at their London residence, 145 Piccadilly.


Premise: In what century was Christianity introduced?

Hypothesis: Christianity was introduced in the middle of the 3rd century AD.


Premise: What status did the Marshall Islands have in Germany?

Hypothesis: The Germans erected a sign declaring a "Imperial German Protectorate" at Jaluit.


Premise: What is an important farming activity in mountain villages?

Hypothesis: Haymaking is an important farming activity in mountain villages which has become somewhat mechanized in recent years, although the slopes are so steep that usually scythes are necessary to cut the grass.


Premise: Who also argued for the term "African American"?

Hypothesis: Others have argued that "black" is a better term because "African" suggests foreignness, although Black Americans helped found the United States.


Premise: When were the two service bells cast?

Hypothesis: The two service bells and the 1320 bell, along with a fourth small silver "dish bell", kept in the refectory, have been noted as being of historical importance by the Church Buildings Council of the Church of England.


Premise: Who is the Australian Liberal Party's leader?

Hypothesis: Adam Giles is also the Chief Minister of the Northern Territory, having led a Country Liberal minority government since 2015.


Premise: What kind of practices do some cultures highly regard?

Hypothesis: In some cultures, extreme practices such as mortification of the flesh or painful rites of passage are highly regarded.


Premise: Who may invoke a material breach committed by a party to a treaty to suspend their obligations to that party?

Hypothesis: A material breach may also be invoked as grounds for permanently terminating the treaty itself.


Premise: What event prompted the burning of the US embassy in Libya?

Hypothesis: Libyan relations with Lebanon and Shi'ite communities across the world also deteriorated due to the August 1978 disappearance of imam Musa al-Sadr when visiting Libya; the Lebanese accused Gaddafi of having him killed or imprisoned, a charge he denied.


Premise: At what location did education begin for the first set of people to be eligible to earn and advanced degree in a particular subject ?

Hypothesis: Paideia was one of the highest societal values in the Greek and Hellenistic world while the first European institution described as a university was founded in 5th century Constantinople and operated in various incarnations until the city's fall to the Ottomans in 1453.


Premise: The Phantom Menace was one of the first home videos to use what sound format?

Hypothesis: PAL discs could carry one pair of audio tracks, either analog or digital and the digital tracks on a PAL disc were 16-bit 44.1 kHz as on a CD; in the UK, the term "LaserVision" is used to refer to discs with analog sound, while "LaserDisc" is used for those with digital audio.


Premise: To what first broadcast did Arsenal provide match highlights?

Hypothesis: A decade later, on 16 September 1937, an exhibition match between Arsenal's first team and the reserves was the first football match in the world to be televised live.


Premise: What was hunting regarded as in British India?

Hypothesis: Big game, such as Bengal tigers, might be hunted from the back of an elephant.


Premise: What Country borders CAR in the South?

Hypothesis: The CAR covers a land area of about 620,000 square kilometres (240,000 sq mi) and had an estimated population of around 4.7 million as of 2014[update].


Premise: Which contestant was talked about more than any other this season?

Hypothesis: Teenager Sanjaya Malakar was the season's most talked-about contestant for his unusual hairdo, and for managing to survive elimination for many weeks due in part to the weblog Vote for the Worst and satellite radio personality Howard Stern, who both encouraged fans to vote for him.


Premise: How big was the crew of a bomber?

Hypothesis: German intelligence suggested Fighter Command was weakening, and an attack on London would force it into a final battle of annihilation while compelling the British Government to surrender.


Premise: What is one way that the Empire was described as it related to culture?

Hypothesis: Despite newer added amalgamations, the Ottoman dynasty, like their predecessors in the Sultanate of Rum and the Seljuk Empire, were thoroughly Persianised in their culture, language, habits and customs, and therefore, the empire has been described as a Persianate empire.


Premise: When was Zhejiang part of the Wu?

Hypothesis: The historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms records that Zhejiang had the best-equipped, strong navy force.


Premise: When was the first Czechoslovak Republic?

Hypothesis: During the First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938), although "Czechoslovak" was designated as the republic's official language both Czech and Slovak written standards were used.


Premise: What year did the railroad to London from Southampton open fully?

Hypothesis: The railway link to London was fully opened in May 1840.


Premise: From what source does information of Roman thought about the afterlife come?

Hypothesis: Roman beliefs about an afterlife varied, and are known mostly for the educated elite who expressed their views in terms of their chosen philosophy.


Premise: What do jurisdictions sometimes change that mixes up DST dates and times?

Hypothesis: DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns.


Premise: In what state is the Earth's outer core?

Hypothesis: The decay of uranium, thorium, and potassium-40 in the Earth's mantle is thought to be the main source of heat that keeps the outer core liquid and drives mantle convection, which in turn drives plate tectonics.


Premise: Who wrote the court's opinion in Epperson v. Arkansas?

Hypothesis: The court's opinion, written by Justice Abe Fortas, ruled that the Arkansas law violated "the constitutional prohibition of state laws respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.


Premise: What two fields remained largely positivist?

Hypothesis: In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist.


Premise: What act needed provisions?

Hypothesis: While momentum for new legislation temporarily flagged under extended debate, a new tragedy emerged that underscored the need for more comprehensive regulation and provided the driving force for the passage of new laws.


Premise: As Victorias rule became less polital, what values were emphasized?

Hypothesis: As Victoria's monarchy became more symbolic than political, it placed a strong emphasis on morality and family values, in contrast to the sexual, financial and personal scandals that had been associated with previous members of the House of Hanover and which had discredited the monarchy.


Premise: What party was Helsinki-86 in disagreement with?

Hypothesis: Helsinki-86 was the first openly anti-Communist organization in the U.S.S.R., and the first openly organized opposition to the Soviet regime, setting an example for other ethnic minorities' pro-independence movements.[citation needed]


Premise: What portion of Europe's territory is inhabited by Slavic-speaking communities?

Hypothesis: Presently over half of Europe's territory is inhabited by Slavic-speaking communities, but every Slavic ethnicity has emigrated to other continents.


Premise: When was Fort Lowell shut down?

Hypothesis: In 1891, the Fort was abandoned and much of the interior was stripped of their useful components and it quickly fell into ruin.


Premise: Who is a wrestler who never turned?

Hypothesis: As with personae in general, a character's face or heel alignment may change with time, or remain constant over its lifetime (the most famous example of the latter is Ricky Steamboat, a WWE Hall of Famer who remained a babyface throughout his entire career).


Premise: When was Gaddafi's son by Fatiha al-Nuri born?

Hypothesis: Although they had one son, Muhammad Gaddafi (b. 1970), their relationship was strained, and they divorced in 1970.


Premise: What was the name of Matare and Welker's transistor?

Hypothesis: Realizing that Bell Labs' scientists had already invented the transistor before them, the company rushed to get its "transistron" into production for amplified use in France's telephone network.


Premise: Tensions about what increased during the Romantic era?

Hypothesis: The music of the Romantic era, from roughly the first decade of the 19th century to the early 20th century, was characterized by increased attention to an extended melodic line, as well as expressive and emotional elements, paralleling romanticism in other art forms.


Premise: During the Migrations period Germans would encounter what group in the south?

Hypothesis: After Attila's unexpected death the Hunnic Empire collapsed with the Huns disappearing as a people in Europe – who either escaped into Asia, or otherwise blended in amongst Europeans.


Premise: Who was the administrator during World War II for the island?

Hypothesis: During World War II, the islands were used as a top secret Royal Navy weather and radio station codenamed HMS Atlantic Isle, to monitor Nazi U-boats (which were required to maintain radio contact) and shipping movements in the South Atlantic Ocean.


Premise: Why were the residents of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR deported?

Hypothesis: On March 3, 1944, on the orders of Stalin, the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was disbanded and its population forcibly deported upon the accusations of collaboration with the invaders and separatism.


Premise: When does the Knowledge Corridor line begins it's construction?

Hypothesis: The vision for this corridor is to restore the alignment to its original route via the Knowledge Corridor in western Massachusetts, improving trip time and increasing the population base that can be served.


Premise: What are Bermuda's largest economic sectors?

Hypothesis: Bermuda's economy is based on offshore insurance and reinsurance, and tourism, the two largest economic sectors.


Premise: IP benefits concentrated interests to whose detriment?

Hypothesis: More recently scientists and engineers are expressing concern that patent thickets are undermining technological development even in high-tech fields like nanotechnology.


Premise: How many shrines exist in the Potala Palace?

Hypothesis: The Potala Palace is a World Heritage Site, as is Norbulingka, the former summer residence of the Dalai Lama.


Premise: What was Neptune before Pluto was discovered?

Hypothesis: When Pluto was discovered it was considered a planet, and Neptune thus became the penultimate known planet, except for a 20-year period between 1979 and 1999 when Pluto's elliptical orbit brought it closer to the Sun than Neptune.


Premise: How much do penalties against airlines cost per violation?

Hypothesis: Rather than commend the agency for proposing a $10.2 million fine against Southwest Airlines for its failure to conduct mandatory inspections in 2008, he was quoted as saying the following in an Associated Press story: "Penalties against airlines that violate FAA directives should be stiffer.


Premise: What access is blocked?

Hypothesis: According to the Institute for War & Peace Reporting, access is blocked to local and foreign websites including avesta.tj, Tjknews.com, ferghana.ru, centrasia.ru and journalists are often obstructed from reporting on controversial events.


Premise: How does water vapor inside a light bulb affect lamp darkening?

Hypothesis: A very small amount of water vapor inside a light bulb can significantly affect lamp darkening.


Premise: Who did Victoria blame for the problems between herself and the Duchess?

Hypothesis: She blamed her husband's death on worry over the Prince of Wales's philandering.


Premise: What century did many Europeans immigrate to the city of Montevideo?

Hypothesis: In that decade the city expanded quickly: new neighbourhoods were created and many separate settlements were annexed to the city, among which were the Villa del Cerro, Pocitos, the Prado and Villa Colón.


Premise: What percentages of voters expressed unhappiness with the current political relationship between the U.S. and Puerto Rico?

Hypothesis: In a 2012 status referendum a majority of voters, 54%, expressed dissatisfaction with the current political relationship.


Premise: When did this earthquake occur?

Hypothesis: Panzhihua earthquake for details.)


Premise: Who were not identified by name on the census before the civil war?

Hypothesis: Tracing the genealogy of African Americans can be a very difficult process, as censuses did not identify slaves by name before the American Civil War, meaning that most African Americans did not appear by name in those records.


Premise: In May 2010, who scrapped British Airways's plans to add a sixth terminal and another runway?

Hypothesis: There were plans for a third runway and a sixth terminal; however, these were cancelled by the Coalition Government on 12 May 2010.


Premise: What did the Birao Peace Agreement call for?

Hypothesis: The only major group not to sign an agreement at the time was the CPJP, which continued its activities and signed a peace agreement with the government on 25 August 2012.


Premise: How many inpatients did the the Hospital Vilardebo have in 1915?

Hypothesis: Hospital Vilardebó is the only psychiatric hospital in Montevideo.


Premise: Which term is criticized as vague?

Hypothesis: Criticism of the term intellectual property ranges from discussing its vagueness and abstract overreach to direct contention to the semantic validity of using words like property and rights in fashions that contradict practice and law.


Premise: What cellular  company is one of the city's largest private-sector employers?

Hypothesis: Qualcomm was founded and is headquartered in San Diego, and is one of the largest private-sector employers in San Diego.


Premise: How much is construction of Holyport College predicted to cost?

Hypothesis: In September 2014, Eton opened, and became the sole educational sponsor for, a new purpose-built co-educational state boarding and day school for around 500 pupils, Holyport College, in Maidenhead in Berkshire, with construction costing around £15 million, in which a fifth of places for day pupils will be set aside for children from poor homes, 21 boarding places will go to youngsters on the verge of being taken into care, and a further 28 boarders will be funded or part-funded through bursaries.


Premise: Sandakan was located in what providence?

Hypothesis: Although the campaign was criticized in Australia at the time, and in subsequent years, as pointless or a "waste" of the lives of soldiers, it did achieve a number of objectives, such as increasing the isolation of significant Japanese forces occupying the main part of the Dutch East Indies, capturing major oil supplies and freeing Allied prisoners of war, who were being held in deteriorating conditions.


Premise: What is the name of the person who supervised the preparation of the Code Civil?

Hypothesis: The development of the code was a fundamental change in the nature of the civil law legal system with its stress on clearly written and accessible law.


Premise: Who won the auction for the AFL's assets?

Hypothesis: The assets were awarded to Arena Football 1 on December 7, 2009, with a winning bid of $6.1 million.


Premise: Due to lack of strategic and hard power, countries are excluded from what?

Hypothesis: Germany has been a member together with the five permanent Security Council members in the P5+1 grouping of world powers.


Premise: What did researcher Geng Qingguo say was sent to the State Seismological Bureau?

Hypothesis: In response, an official with the Seismological Bureau stated that "earthquake prediction is widely acknowledged around the world to be difficult from a scientific standpoint.


Premise: Broader ecological impacts can occur when an apex predator is removed, in the case of Yellowstone, this includes alteration to the?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, predation keeps hydrological features such as creeks and streams in normal working order.


Premise: What was deemed unacceptable to North Koreans and the Chinese during POW negotiations?

Hypothesis: The PVA, KPA, and UN Command could not agree on a system of repatriation because many PVA and KPA soldiers refused to be repatriated back to the north, which was unacceptable to the Chinese and North Koreans.


Premise: What year was the third edition released?

Hypothesis: It was planned by WiZ and released by Bandai on June 26, 1997.


Premise: Humoral immunology involves the interaction of what two elements?

Hypothesis: Immunology rests on an understanding of the properties of these two biological entities and the cellular response to both.


Premise: Who joined the CEO of Epic Records in becoming the CEO of Sony Music?

Hypothesis: Peter Edge became the new CEO of the RCA Records unit.


Premise: Basic respect for human beings is known as what?

Hypothesis: Modern Orthodox authorities are more willing to assume that under scrupulous examination, identical principles may lead to different applications in the context of modern life.


Premise: Who did Frankie Knuckles once say the Warehouse club was for?

Hypothesis: Frankie Knuckles once said that the Warehouse club in Chicago was like "church for people who have fallen from grace"


Premise: Along with slot machines, what is a modern game that is increasingly present in pubs?

Hypothesis: Increasingly, more modern games such as video games and slot machines are provided.


Premise: What institution reported that the traditional banking systems does not have the capital to close the gap in the lending mechanism?

Hypothesis: While traditional banks have raised their lending standards, it was the collapse of the shadow banking system that is the primary cause of the reduction in funds available for borrowing.


Premise: What are the remaining Cetic languages that are still used today?

Hypothesis: The Insular Celtic languages of the Goidelic sub-group (Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic) and the Brittonic sub-group (Cornish, Welsh and Breton, spoken in north-western France) are the only remaining Celtic languages—the last of their continental relations becoming extinct before the 7th century.


Premise: What is given to Citrobacter to cause it to absorb uranyl ions?

Hypothesis: Citrobacter species absorb uranyl ions when given glycerol phosphate (or other similar organic phosphates).


Premise: Which church has had a large influence over Galicia since the Middle Ages?

Hypothesis: Since the Middle Ages, the Galician Catholic Church has been organized into five ecclesiastical dioceses (Lugo, Ourense, Santiago de Compostela, Mondoñedo-Ferrol and Tui-Vigo).


Premise: How long does the President of Greece serve?

Hypothesis: The current Constitution was drawn up and adopted by the Fifth Revisionary Parliament of the Hellenes and entered into force in 1975 after the fall of the military junta of 1967–1974.


Premise: What is the Islamic term for issuing a legal opinion?

Hypothesis: The mufti (professor of legal opinions) took this question, studied it, researched it intensively in the sacred scriptures, in order to find a solution to it.


Premise: What allows exploitation of interstate commerce regulations?

Hypothesis: Additionally, the ESA allows listed species to be shipped across state lines as long as they are not sold.


Premise: What is the name of the observatory built in Connaught Place by Maharaja Jai Singh II of Jaipur?

Hypothesis: The primary purpose of the observatory was to compile astronomical tables, and to predict the times and movements of the sun, moon and planets.


Premise: Who was Kerry's paternal grandfather?

Hypothesis: Kerry's paternal grandparents, shoe businessman Frederick A. "Fred" Kerry and musician Ida Lowe, were immigrants from the Austro-Hungarian Empire.


Premise: What punishment term is "info" short for?

Hypothesis: The opposite of a Show Up is a "Rip".


Premise: What percentage range of uranium oxide is usually contained in low-grade uranium ore?

Hypothesis: High-grade ores found in Athabasca Basin deposits in Saskatchewan, Canada can contain up to 23% uranium oxides on average.


Premise: Who was the engineer adviser?

Hypothesis: This was agreed by the joint commanders, Raglan and St Arnaud.:426


Premise: What types of software bugs are difficult to find during testing?

Hypothesis: This means that the number of defects in a software product can be very large and defects that occur infrequently are difficult to find in testing.


Premise: Whose code reveals a bit about the societal structure through Sumerian law?

Hypothesis: The Code of Ur-Nammu, the oldest such codification yet discovered, dating to the Ur-III "Sumerian Renaissance", reveals a glimpse at societal structure in late Sumerian law.


Premise: How much is Yale's endowment worth?

Hypothesis: The university's assets include an endowment valued at $25.6 billion as of September 2015, the second largest of any educational institution.


Premise: An edited text compiled through many sources is known as what?

Hypothesis: Since each scribe or printer commits different errors, reconstruction of the lost original is often aided by a selection of readings taken from many sources.


Premise: What object was assumed to block sunlight during a lunar eclipse?

Hypothesis: They also thought that the illumination of the Moon and planets was caused by sunlight, that lunar eclipses occurred when the Earth obstructed sunlight falling onto the Moon, and that a solar eclipse occurred when the Moon obstructed sunlight from reaching the Earth.


Premise: At what age did Spielberg make 'Escape to Nowhere'?

Hypothesis: At age thirteen, while living in Phoenix, Spielberg won a prize for a 40-minute war film he titled Escape to Nowhere, using a cast composed of other high school friends.


Premise: Who criticized Madonna's charity efforts, stating that she exaggerated her contributions?

Hypothesis: Madonna responded by releasing a statement saying she was saddened that Banda had chosen to act negatively about her endeavors.


Premise: Who are both LDS and Non-LDS students required to provide an endorsement from upon submitting their application?

Hypothesis: BYU mandates that its students who are members of the LDS Church be religiously active.


Premise: In what language is Saint-Barthélemy abbreviate St. Barts?

Hypothesis: Often abbreviated to Saint-Barth in French, or St. Barts or St. Barths in English, the indigenous people called the island Ouanalao.


Premise: Critics argue that Basel III doesn't address which problem?

Hypothesis: Johan Norberg argues that regulations (Basel III among others) have indeed led to excessive lending to risky governments (see European sovereign-debt crisis) and the ECB pursues even more lending as the solution.


Premise: What university is in this part of Raleigh?

Hypothesis: Shaw University is located in this part of the city.


Premise: Who was the LVMH Group accused of supporting?

Hypothesis: In China, a call to boycott French hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama.


Premise: What year did the Cubs win the NL pennant?

Hypothesis: The '38 club saw Dizzy Dean lead the team's pitching staff and provided a historic moment when they won a crucial late-season game at Wrigley Field over the Pittsburgh Pirates with a walk-off home run by Gabby Hartnett, which became known in baseball lore as "The Homer in the Gloamin'".


Premise: Which type of philosophers argued that excessive dependence on reason was a mistake perpetuated by the Enlightenment?

Hypothesis: From the start there was a Counter-Enlightenment in which conservative and clerical defenders of traditional religion attacked materialism and skepticism as evil forces that encouraged immorality.


Premise: When did Apple begin selling entire films through the iTunes store?

Hypothesis: Full-length movies became available on September 12, 2006.


Premise: What are organisms called that digest food in an internal chamber?

Hypothesis: They are heterotrophic, generally digesting food in an internal chamber, which separates them from plants and algae.


Premise: Where did Athanasius remain for 6 years while living as a monk?

Hypothesis: Through the influence of the Eusebian faction at Constantinople, an Arian bishop, George of Cappadocia, was now appointed to rule the see of Alexandria.


Premise: In which year did Popper write Hayek a letter expressing his intellectual debt to him?

Hypothesis: While there is some dispute as to the matter of influence, Popper had a long-standing and close friendship with economist Friedrich Hayek, who was also brought to the London School of Economics from Vienna.


Premise: Where is the NBS located?

Hypothesis: In Newcastle is the NBS, the National Building Specification, which has 130 staff and deals with the building regulations and the Construction Information Service.


Premise: Who led the German expansion?

Hypothesis: During the wars waged in the Baltic by the Catholic German Teutonic Knights; the lands inhabited by the ethnic group of the Old Prussians (the current reference to the people known then simply as the "Prussians"), were conquered by the Germans.


Premise: How did international law originally respond to treaty reservations?

Hypothesis: While some treaties still expressly forbid any reservations, they are now generally permitted to the extent that they are not inconsistent with the goals and purposes of the treaty.


Premise: What region is Nanjing in?

Hypothesis: Nanjing ( listen; Chinese: 南京, "Southern Capital") is the city situated in the heartland of lower Yangtze River region in China, which has long been a major centre of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism.


Premise: What is the Omnipotence paradox?

Hypothesis: If he can’t, the argument goes, then there is something that he cannot do, namely create the stone, and therefore he is not omnipotent.


Premise: How many Japanese soldiers were mobilized to capture the Chinese airfields and railroads in West Hunan?

Hypothesis: Japanese mobilized 34th, 47th, 64th, 68th and 116th Divisions, as well as the 86th Independent Brigade, for a total of 80,000 men to seize Chinese airfields and secure railroads in West Hunan by early April.


Premise: Do ride goers stand or sit?

Hypothesis: For safety reasons, passengers are seated and secured in their seats rather than standing.


Premise: What kind of coating gets applied to the PWB before light exposure?

Hypothesis: A photo-sensitive coating is applied to the surface of the PWB, then exposed to light through the solder mask image film, and finally developed where the unexposed areas are washed away.


Premise: What do scientists explore by adding genes to mice with a certain gene's function disrupted?

Hypothesis: Genetic engineering is now a routine research tool with model organisms.


Premise: What is the name of the process being considered in Arizona that allows copper to be recovered?

Hypothesis: The amount of copper in use is increasing and the quantity available is barely sufficient to allow all countries to reach developed world levels of usage.


Premise: What configurations can bacteria can bacteria take?

Hypothesis: Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals.


Premise: How the fundamental concept of matter influence people to view objects?

Hypothesis: The idea of matter as primary makes people think of objects as being fundamentally separate in time and space, and not necessarily related to anything.


Premise: Who dominates energy production in Greece?

Hypothesis: In 2009 DEI supplied for 85.6% of all energy demand in Greece, while the number fell to 77.3% in 2010.


Premise: What do we avoid disrupting by doing the time shift during days most people don't work?

Hypothesis: Clock shifts are usually scheduled near a weekend midnight to lessen disruption to weekday schedules.


Premise: What is a solar balloon?

Hypothesis: A solar balloon is a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air.


Premise: Who was riding in the carriage with Victoria when Oxford attempted to assasinate her?

Hypothesis: Oxford fired twice, but either both bullets missed or, as he later claimed, the guns had no shot.


Premise: About whom did he write his most widely-read work?

Hypothesis: Depicting Anthony as an illiterate and holy man who through his existence in a primordial landscape has an absolute connection to the divine truth, the biography also resembles the life of his biographer Athanasius.


Premise: What does hunting create economic incentives for?

Hypothesis: However, another study states that less than 3% of a trophy hunters' expenditures reach the local level, meaning that the economic incentive and benefit is "minimal, particularly when we consider the vast areas of land that hunting concessions occupy."


Premise: What is the distinguiushing visual design feature of French cathedrals?

Hypothesis: The distinctive characteristic of French cathedrals, and those in Germany and Belgium that were strongly influenced by them, is their height and their impression of verticality.


Premise: When did the US government leave Philadelphia for D.C.?

Hypothesis: The state government left Philadelphia in 1799, and the federal government was moved to Washington, DC in 1800 with completion of the White House and Capitol.


Premise: What was the eastern church subsequently known as?

Hypothesis: the western branch became the Roman Catholic Church and the eastern branch the Orthodox Church.


Premise: Obesity, lack of exercise, age and diet are risk factors attributed to cancer that are all apart of what kind of lifestyle?

Hypothesis: Developed countries "tended to have cancers linked to affluence or a 'Western lifestyle' —


Premise: What part of the iPod Nano was the cause of the overheating issue?

Hypothesis: The first generation iPod Nano may overheat and pose a health and safety risk.


Premise: Why was the winter driven out?

Hypothesis: Also there are some indications that the effigy of Nerthus or Freyr was placed on a ship with wheels and accompanied by a procession of people in animal disguise and men in women's clothes.


Premise: In what year was the northern area of New Haven renamed Hamden?

Hypothesis: However, the area north of New Haven remained Quinnipiac until 1678, when it was renamed Hamden.


Premise: In what edition was there a Refutation of Idealism?

Hypothesis: The 2nd edition (1787) contained a Refutation of Idealism to distinguish his transcendental idealism from Descartes's Sceptical Idealism and Berkeley's anti-realist strain of Subjective Idealism.


Premise: How much does Hormuud Telecom gross per year?

Hypothesis: Hormuud Telecom alone grosses about $40 million a year.


Premise: What country did Kjell Eugenio Laugerud Garcia lead?

Hypothesis: Yugoslavia also provided military aid and arms supplies to staunchly anti-Communist regimes such as that of Guatemala under Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García.


Premise: Bermuda is located 898 nautical miles from what US city?

Hypothesis: northeast of Miami, Florida, and 667 nautical miles (1,236 km (768 mi)) from Cape Sable Island, in Nova Scotia, Canada.


Premise: What is so good about ac powered HP-LEDs?

Hypothesis: LEDs have been developed by Seoul Semiconductor that can operate on AC power without the need for a DC converter.


Premise: How long were Schwarzenegger and Shriver married?

Hypothesis: On May 9, 2011, Shriver and Schwarzenegger ended their relationship after 25 years of marriage, with Shriver moving out of the couple's Brentwood mansion.


Premise: In the Bermuda land mass, how many bays are named "Long Bay"?

Hypothesis: Despite the small land mass, place names are repeated; there are, for example, two islands named Long Island, three bays named Long Bay (on Somerset, Main, and Cooper's islands), two Horseshoe Bays (one in Southampton, on the Main Island, the other at Morgan's Point, formerly Tucker's Island), there are two roads through cuttings called Khyber Pass (one in Warwick, the other in St. George's Parish), and St George's Town is located on St George's Island within St George's Parish (each known as St George's).


Premise: At what time is red at its brightest?

Hypothesis: It was chosen partly because red is the brightest color in daytime (next to orange), though it is less visible at twilight, when green is the most visible color.


Premise: What is Norbulingka?

Hypothesis: The Potala Palace is a World Heritage Site, as is Norbulingka, the former summer residence of the Dalai Lama.


Premise: What do Jehovah Witnesses consider the name Jehovah vital for?

Hypothesis: They consider use of the name Jehovah vital for proper worship.


Premise: The New York Times bought what famous Boston newspaper?

Hypothesis: Boston-based department stores Jordan Marsh and Filene's have both been merged into the Cincinnati–based Macy's.


Premise: Who has presented the contradictory number to the census groups ?

Hypothesis: According to George Prevelakis of Sorbonne University, the number is closer to just below 5 million.


Premise: When happens to the junction forward voltage when temperature is raised?

Hypothesis: The lower the junction forward voltage the better, as this means that less power is required to "drive" the transistor.


Premise: Where did General Wavell command the Allied forces from?

Hypothesis: On 15 January Wavell moved to Bandung in Java to assume control of ABDACOM.


Premise: What did Russian Empress Elizabeth use the proceeds of the tax on salt and alcohol for?

Hypothesis: The taxation needed for war caused the Russian people considerable hardship, being added to the taxation of salt and alcohol begun by Empress Elizabeth in 1759 to complete her addition to the Winter Palace.


Premise: What type of fan originated in China?

Hypothesis: The Jesuit China missions of the 16th and 17th centuries "learned to appreciate the scientific achievements of this ancient culture and made them known in Europe.


Premise: When was the Achaean League formed?

Hypothesis: Other city states formed federated states in self-defense, such as the Aetolian League (est. 370 BCE), the Achaean League (est. 280 BCE), the Boeotian league, the "Northern League" (Byzantium, Chalcedon, Heraclea Pontica and Tium) and the "Nesiotic League" of the Cyclades.


Premise: Who used to make window panes?

Hypothesis: The reason for the observation is that in the past, when panes of glass were commonly made by glassblowers, the technique used was to spin molten glass so as to create a round, mostly flat and even plate (the crown glass process, described above).


Premise: When did Nigeria launch a bone marrow donation program?

Hypothesis: Nigeria became the second African country to have successfully carried out this surgery.


Premise: Where does the term Sayyid come from?

Hypothesis: There was a brief "Black Power" movement in Sindh in the 1960s and many Siddi are proud of and celebrate their African ancestry.