Premise: Besides the use of agriculture, what other factor clouds the issue of the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture?

Hypothesis: In fact, it is sometimes difficult to draw a clear line between agricultural and hunter-gatherer societies, especially since the widespread adoption of agriculture and resulting cultural diffusion that has occurred in the last 10,000 years.[citation needed]


Premise: What was the trajectory of Astrology during Hellenistic times?

Hypothesis: Astrology was widely associated with the cult of Tyche (luck, fortune), which grew in popularity during this period.


Premise: On what OS was the YouTube Kids app available?

Hypothesis: In February 2015, YouTube announced the launch of a new app specifically for use by children visiting the site, called YouTube Kids.


Premise: What is the second-oldest university west of the MS River?

Hypothesis: Six of the state's universities were placed in the Princeton Review's list of best 122 regional colleges in 2007, and three made the list of top colleges for best value.


Premise: By how much has Detroit's population fallen this century?

Hypothesis: Due to industrial restructuring and loss of jobs in the auto industry, Detroit lost considerable population from the late 20th century to present.


Premise: What is the area near Hamden that was renamed for Eli Whitney?

Hypothesis: The city struck fortune in the late 18th century with the inventions and industrial activity of Eli Whitney, a Yale graduate who remained in New Haven to develop the cotton gin and establish a gun-manufacturing factory in the northern part of the city near the Hamden town line.


Premise: Where does Bern rank in population in Switzerland?

Hypothesis: With a population of 140,634 (November 2015), Bern is the fifth most populous city in Switzerland.


Premise: What year was the Central Intelligence Agency Act created?

Hypothesis: Under the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949, the Director of Central Intelligence is the only federal government employee who can spend "un-vouchered" government money.


Premise: What was standard written Slovak partially modeled on?

Hypothesis: Standard written Slovak was partially modeled on literary Czech, and Czech was preferred for some official functions in the Slovak half of the republic.


Premise: What other languages are popular among American students?

Hypothesis: Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language in American secondary schools and of higher education.


Premise: Who disclosed the CIA's budget for 2005?

Hypothesis: There have been accidental disclosures; for instance, Mary Margaret Graham, a former CIA official and deputy director of national intelligence for collection in 2005, said that the annual intelligence budget was $44 billion, and in 1994 Congress accidentally published a budget of $43.4 billion (in 2012 dollars) in 1994 for the non-military National Intelligence Program, including $4.8 billion for the CIA.


Premise: What job did Eisenhower hold after his second tenure as president of Columbia?

Hypothesis: The trustees of Columbia University refused to accept Eisenhower's resignation in December 1950, when he took an extended leave from the university to become the Supreme Commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and he was given operational command of NATO forces in Europe.


Premise: Who executed people who were believed to be loyal to North Korea?

Hypothesis: During October, the ROK police executed people who were suspected to be sympathetic to North Korea, and similar massacres were carried out until early 1951.


Premise: Why is cotton grown as an annual crop?

Hypothesis: Cotton is naturally a perennial but is grown as an annual to help control pests.


Premise: What kind of buildings were built by the settlers?

Hypothesis: Though they formed no permanent settlement, the island was an important rendezvous point and source of food for ships travelling from Asia to Europe, and frequently sick mariners were left on the island to recover, before taking passage on the next ship to call on the island.


Premise: These regions were occupied by who?

Hypothesis: These regions were occupied by "the brown men," with the yellow in the Far East and the black in Africa.


Premise: Which year was used for estimates in the 2011 report?

Hypothesis: Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries (equal to the top quartile):


Premise: How many active programs does the foundation have?

Hypothesis: Other organisations claim progress has been made, but the protocol's 2005 deadlines have not yet been met.


Premise: When are electric and magnetic fields with zero average values, but their variances are not at zero?

Hypothesis: Coulomb's law and the electric potential in vacuum near an electric charge are modified.


Premise: Red Yellow and Blue are what kind of colors?

Hypothesis: Red is one of the additive primary colors of visible light, along with green and blue, which in Red Green Blue (RGB) color systems are combined to create all the colors on a computer monitor or television screen.


Premise: By understanding what does Vaisesika school believe one gains knowledge and liberation?

Hypothesis: The Vaiśeṣika philosophy is a naturalist school; it is a form of atomism in natural philosophy.


Premise: Who led the new Liberal National Party of Queensland through the election in March 2012?

Hypothesis: In March 2012, the new party achieved Government in an historic landslide, led by former Brisbane Lord Mayor, Campbell Newman.


Premise: When were the Netherlands' colonies annexed by Napoleon?

Hypothesis: Overseas colonies were attacked and occupied, including those of the Netherlands, which was annexed by Napoleon in 1810.


Premise: What are the genes that result from eukaryotic gene duplication called?

Hypothesis: The resulting genes (paralogs) may then diverge in sequence and in function.


Premise: Who was chosen to head BYU?

Hypothesis: He had not received a high school education until he was forty.


Premise: What do Jehovah Witnesses considered remarriage when the reason for divorce wasn't adultery?

Hypothesis: If a divorce is obtained for any other reason, remarriage is considered adulterous unless the prior spouse has died or is since considered to have committed sexual immorality.


Premise: What was promised by Buda King Casimer?

Hypothesis: He decreed that the nobility would no longer be subject to 'extraordinary' taxes, or use their own funds for military expeditions abroad.


Premise: When did people begin to disputre royal hegenomy in Swaziland?

Hypothesis: From the early seventies, there was active resistance to the royal hegemony.


Premise: What first person from the USSR controlled their own spacecraft?

Hypothesis: There were no maneuvering rockets on the Vostok to permit space rendezvous, required to keep two spacecraft a controlled distance apart.


Premise: The areas surrounding which university has been historically a Democratic stronghold?

Hypothesis: The Alaska Bush, central Juneau, midtown and downtown Anchorage, and the areas surrounding the University of Alaska Fairbanks campus and Ester have been strongholds of the Democratic Party.


Premise: What event did Jem and Scout attend right before they were attacked at night?

Hypothesis: Finally, he attacks the defenseless Jem and Scout while they walk home on a dark night after the school Halloween pageant.


Premise: Generally, what types of teams call Nanjing home?

Hypothesis: Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club is a competitive team which has long been one of the major clubs fighting for the title in China top level league, CBA.


Premise: What is the permutation when a person lacks exploration and commitment?

Hypothesis: Diffusion is when a person lacks both exploration in life and interest in committing even to those unchosen roles that he or she occupies.


Premise: How high has the principal of the Permanent Fund grown?

Hypothesis: The Permanent Fund has become the rare exception to this, mostly due to the political climate of distrust existing during the time of its creation.


Premise: What was Aiken's single release named?

Hypothesis: Both finalists found success after the show, but Aiken out-performed Studdard's coronation song "Flying Without Wings" with his single release from the show "


Premise: What did Feynman help produce at the Oak Ridge Facility?

Hypothesis: He also did theoretical work and calculations on the proposed uranium hydride bomb, which later proved not to be feasible.


Premise: What is believed to have increased temperatures in the   Sahara?

Hypothesis: It was long believed that the region had been this way since about 1600 BCE, after shifts in the Earth's axis increased temperatures and decreased precipitation.


Premise: Who is the Green World Foundation chairwoman who refused to participate in the relay?

Hypothesis: M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse, Green World Foundation (GWF) chairwoman, withdrew from the torch-running ceremony, protesting against China's actions in Tibet.


Premise: What state did Adal conquer?

Hypothesis: whose general Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmed Gurey) was the first commander to use cannon warfare on the continent during Adal's conquest of the Ethiopian Empire, and the Sultanate of the Geledi, whose military dominance forced governors of the Omani empire north of the city of Lamu to pay tribute to the Somali Sultan Ahmed Yusuf.


Premise: What is the largest cemetery?

Hypothesis: The largest cemetery is the Cementerio del Norte, located in the northern-central part of the city.


Premise: In addition to the Grauman's Chinese Theater, where did the first TCM Classic Film Festival take place?

Hypothesis: In April 2010, Turner Classic Movies held the first TCM Classic Film Festival, an event – now held annually – at the Grauman's Chinese Theater and the Grauman's Egyptian Theater in Hollywood.


Premise: Who did Kerry publicize as a lesbian while discussing gay rights, some time after the debate?

Hypothesis: After Kerry, responding to a question about gay rights, reminded the audience that Vice President Cheney's daughter was a lesbian, Cheney responded with a statement calling himself "a pretty angry father" due to Kerry using Cheney's daughter's sexual orientation for his political purposes.


Premise: Where is the Theotokos Paregoritissa Church located?

Hypothesis: Another building with a related mosaic decoration is the Theotokos Paregoritissa Church in Arta.


Premise: What does the name Shu refer to?

Hypothesis: It was, however, referred to in the Book of Documents as an ally of the Zhou.


Premise: How many fans saw Queen in Knebworth park?

Hypothesis: The show sold out within two hours and over 120,000 fans packed the park for what was Queen's final live performance with Mercury.


Premise: In addition to co-writing credits, Beyoncé also got what credits for most of her albums?

Hypothesis: She has received co-writing credits for most of the songs recorded with Destiny's Child and her solo efforts.


Premise: What U2 song was released by Lee DeWyze after winning American Idol?

Hypothesis: No new song was used as coronation song this year; instead, the two finalists each released a cover song – DeWyze chose U2's "Beautiful Day", and Bowersox chose Patty Griffin's "Up to the Mountain".


Premise: Who wrote 'The Rights of Man'?

Hypothesis: Mackintosh later said: "Burke was one of the first thinkers as well as one of the greatest orators of his time.


Premise: Which former liberal founded the Australian Democrats in 1977?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, the Liberals have done increasingly well in recent years among socially conservative working-class voters.[citation needed]However the Liberal Party's key support base remains the upper-middle classes; 16 of the 20 richest federal electorates are held by the Liberals, most of which are safe seats.


Premise: What kind of tiled pavement is in the chapter house?

Hypothesis: A door within the vestibule dates from around 1050 and is believed to be the oldest in England.[citation needed]


Premise: How many lives were lost?

Hypothesis: An internal inquiry exonerated the government of responsibility for failures before and during the war, but public anger forced Prime Minister Golda Meir to resign.


Premise: Name a type of row house in the city?

Hypothesis: A variety of row houses are found throughout the city, from Victorian-style homes in North Philadelphia to twin row houses in West Philadelphia.


Premise: What can power lines, wind farms and oil rigs affect?

Hypothesis: Structures such as power lines, wind farms and offshore oil-rigs have also been known to affect migratory birds.


Premise: How many encoding forms are there for Korean Hangul?

Hypothesis: This is most pronounced in the three different encoding forms for Korean Hangul.


Premise: The Presbyterian denominations from the British Isles were inspired by these principles in what document?

Hypothesis: Presbyterian denominations that trace their heritage to the British Isles usually organise their church services inspired by the principles in the Directory of Public Worship, developed by the Westminster Assembly in the 1640s.


Premise: Who is the most well know kef artist?

Hypothesis: Richard Hagopian is perhaps the most famous artist of the traditional "kef" style and the Vosbikian Band was notable in the 1940s and 1950s for developing their own style of "kef music" heavily influenced by the popular American Big Band Jazz of the time.


Premise: What document was ratified on December 5, 1936?

Hypothesis: Many regions in Russia were affected by the Soviet famine of 1932–1933: Volga; Central Black Soil Region; North Caucasus; the Urals; the Crimea; part of Western Siberia; and the Kazak ASSR.


Premise: Who are live events held by?

Hypothesis: Taking the form of live events held by touring promotions, it portrays a unique style of combat based on a combination of adopted styles, which include classical wrestling, catch wrestling and various forms of martial arts, as well as an innovative style based on grappling (holds/throws), striking, and aerialism.


Premise: When did Portugal exit the bailout?

Hypothesis: In the second decade of the 21st century the Portuguese economy suffered its most severe recession since the 1970s resulting in the country having to be bailed out by the European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund.


Premise: What year did Victoria's second son Alfred die?

Hypothesis: By April 1900, the Boer War was so unpopular in mainland Europe that her annual trip to France seemed inadvisable.


Premise: What is synthesis gas used for?

Hypothesis: The product mixture is known as "synthesis gas" because it is often used directly for the production of methanol and related compounds.


Premise: How many estimated civilians were killed by the Japanese searching for Doolittle's men?

Hypothesis: Following the Doolittle Raid, most of the B-25 American crews that came down in China eventually made it to safety with the help of Chinese civilians and soldiers.


Premise: Where did wrestling originally come from?

Hypothesis: The advent of television gave professional wrestling a new outlet, and wrestling (along with boxing) was instrumental in making pay-per-view a viable method of content delivery.


Premise: China and what other permanent member of the Security Council abstained from the vote on the referral resolution?

Hypothesis: In March 2005, the Security Council formally referred the situation in Darfur to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, taking into account the Commission report but without mentioning any specific crimes.


Premise: Why does Friedrinch Netzsche believe human rights exist?

Hypothesis: On this view, such rights do not facilitate emancipation of life, but rather deny it.


Premise: What was the name for the ceremony where debutantes had their first introduction into society?

Hypothesis: (The ceremony, known as an evening court, corresponded to the "court drawing rooms" of Victoria's reign.)


Premise: What's Israel's financial and technology center?

Hypothesis: It shares land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories (which are claimed by the State of Palestine and are partially controlled by Israel) comprising the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest.


Premise: In what ways are madaris similar to western colleges?

Hypothesis: People of all ages attend, and many often move on to becoming imams.[citation needed]


Premise: When did Johann Grueber cross Tibet on the way to Nepal?

Hypothesis: These included the Jesuit Father Ippolito Desideri, 1716–1721, who gained a deep knowledge of Tibetan culture, language and Buddhism, and various Capuchins in 1707–1711, 1716–1733 and 1741–1745, Christianity was used by some Tibetan monarchs and their courts and the Karmapa sect lamas to counterbalance the influence of the Gelugpa sect in the 17th century until in 1745 when all the missionaries were expelled at the lama's insistence.


Premise: What is a gene whose sequence shows no similarity to existing genes called?

Hypothesis: De novo or "orphan" genes, whose sequence shows no similarity to existing genes, are extremely rare.


Premise: Which station caters to sports fans and enthusiasts?

Hypothesis: Many suburbs have low powered community run stations serving local audiences.


Premise: Which Queen did Bell present his invention to?

Hypothesis: Later Bell had the opportunity to demonstrate the invention personally to Sir William Thomson (later, Lord Kelvin), a renowned Scottish scientist, as well as to Queen Victoria, who had requested a private audience at Osborne House, her Isle of Wight home.


Premise: What region was seized

Hypothesis: The Veluwe region was seized by Guelders, but large areas in the modern province of Overijssel remained as the Oversticht.


Premise: What month typically marks the end of summer on Cyprus?

Hypothesis: Cyprus has one of the warmest climates in the Mediterranean part of the European Union.[citation needed]


Premise: What is required for a modern DBMS to function?

Hypothesis: The data recovered was disparate, redundant and disorderly, since there was no proper method to fetch it and arrange it in a concrete structure.[citation needed]


Premise: What are organic plants understood to be?

Hypothesis: In the United States, organic cotton plantations are required to enforce the National Organic Program (NOP).


Premise: What headdress does the Canadian Army wear?

Hypothesis: The officer cadets of both Royal Military Colleges wear gold-braided "pillbox" (cavalry) caps with their ceremonial dress and have a unique fur "Astrakhan" for winter wear.


Premise: What is the prognosis for asthma?

Hypothesis: Of asthma diagnosed during childhood, half of cases will no longer carry the diagnosis after a decade.


Premise: What did Whitehead believe regarding creativity?

Hypothesis: For Whitehead, creativity is the absolute principle of existence, and every entity (whether it is a human being, a tree, or an electron) has some degree of novelty in how it responds to other entities, and is not fully determined by causal or mechanistic laws.


Premise: What were the most distinctive style of music in the Ottoman provinces?

Hypothesis: Some of the distinctive styles were: Janissary Music, Roma music, Belly dance, Turkish folk music.


Premise: What did the literature compendium document?

Hypothesis: Most, if not all, of the authors in the JSAC edition were also active in the MPEG-1 Audio committee.


Premise: Who brought Christian missionaries to Hawaii?

Hypothesis: During the 1800s Christian missionaries from Great Britain and the United States followed traders to the Hawaiian islands.


Premise: How many legislative assemblies are  held each year?

Hypothesis: The assembly holds two regular sessions each year, during which it debates and votes on legislation that has been submitted by a member or by the government.


Premise: Between 1948 and 1970, how many Jewish refugees relocated to Israel?

Hypothesis: Consequently, the population of Israel rose from 800,000 to two million between 1948 and 1958.


Premise: Michael Lund criticized the novel for demonizing whom?

Hypothesis: A teaching guide for the novel published by The English Journal cautions, "what seems wonderful or powerful to one group of students may seem degrading to another".


Premise: With which organization did Li file a civil rights complaint?

Hypothesis: Li countered in an email, saying that his placement on the waitlist undermines Rapelye's claim.


Premise: Where did France try to invade in 1898?

Hypothesis: A joint force of British and Egyptian troops defeated the Mahdist Army in 1896, and rebuffed a French attempted invasion at Fashoda in 1898.


Premise: What surrounds the Sichuan basin to the west?

Hypothesis: Since the Yangtze flows through the basin and then through the perilous Yangzi Gorges to eastern and southern China, Sichuan was a staging area for amphibious military forces and a refuge for political refugees.[citation needed]


Premise: Mount Damavand is located in what range?

Hypothesis: The populous western part is the most mountainous, with ranges such as the Caucasus, Zagros and Alborz Mountains; the last contains Iran's highest point, Mount Damavand at 5,610 m (18,406 ft), which is also the highest mountain on the Eurasian landmass west of the Hindu Kush.


Premise: Of what nationality was John Wycliffe?

Hypothesis: Wycliffe's teachings influenced two of the major heretical movements of the later Middle Ages:


Premise: Chopin gave a yearly performance where?

Hypothesis: In later years he generally gave a single annual concert at the Salle Pleyel, a venue that seated three hundred.


Premise: What does the acronym WGWG stand for?

Hypothesis: For five consecutive seasons, starting in season seven, the title was given to a white male who plays the guitar – a trend that Idol pundits call the "White guy with guitar" or "WGWG" factor.


Premise: What was the final acquisition price paid by GE for Alstom?

Hypothesis: In April 2014, it was announced that GE was in talks to acquire the global power division of French engineering group Alstom for a figure of around $13 billion.


Premise: Where can the basic tasks of the European Central Bank be found?

Hypothesis: The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as mandated in Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone.


Premise: What element of a combustion engine does a governor monitor?

Hypothesis: Another common application is the control of the throttle of an internal combustion engine in conjunction with an electronic governor.


Premise: What is the name of the chieftan who led his army to victory in the Battle of Allia River?

Hypothesis: The Romans met the Gauls in pitched battle at the Battle of Allia River around 390–387 BC.


Premise: EIC was leased back the land they held in British India by what part of the British goverment?

Hypothesis: The three members nominated by Parliament and representing the Government's interest could, and invariably would, outvote the two Company members.


Premise: What dialect is Standard Somali based on?

Hypothesis: Northern Somali (or Northern-Central Somali) forms the basis for Standard Somali.


Premise: What benefits would Norfolk Island residents receive as a result of the new council?

Hypothesis: It was announced on 19 March 2015 that self-governance for the island would be revoked by the Commonwealth and replaced by a local council with the state of New South Wales providing services to the island.


Premise: Where are rose windows used on English cathedrals?

Hypothesis: Unlike French cathedrals, English cathedrals sprawl across their sites, with double transepts projecting strongly and Lady Chapels tacked on at a later date, such as at Westminster Abbey.


Premise: During what years did the five Departments of State do the work of the modern Ministry of Defence?

Hypothesis: From 1946 to 1964 five Departments of State did the work of the modern Ministry of Defence: the Admiralty, the War Office, the Air Ministry, the Ministry of Aviation, and an earlier form of the Ministry of Defence.


Premise: How has the misuse of racial categories historically impacted one or more groups?

Hypothesis: The history of misuse of racial categories to impact adversely one or more groups and/or to offer protection and advantage to another has a clear impact on debate of the legitimate use of known phenotypical or genotypical characteristics tied to the presumed race of both victims and perpetrators by the government.


Premise: Which transit line out of Union Station provides service between Vermont and Washington D.C.?

Hypothesis: Union Station is further served by four Amtrak lines: the Northeast Regional and the high-speed Acela Express provide service to New York, Washington, D.C. and Boston, and rank as the first and second busiest routes in the country; the New Haven–Springfield Line provides service to Hartford and Springfield, Massachusetts; and the Vermonter provides service to both Washington, D.C., and Vermont, 15 miles (24 km) from the Canadian border.


Premise: Did the actions of the Chinese fix their problems?

Hypothesis: These commitments did little to directly address the problems confronting PVA troops.


Premise: Who designed the statues that are on either side of the northern entrance to the MoD headquarters?

Hypothesis: The northern entrance in Horse Guards Avenue is flanked by two monumental statues, Earth and Water, by Charles Wheeler.


Premise: On what date did Francis Crick announce to an audience of pub-goers that he had discovered DNA?

Hypothesis: The anecdote is related in Watson's book The Double Helix. and commemorated with a blue plaque on the outside wall.


Premise: Why were parties upset in the 2005 election?

Hypothesis: The parliamentary elections of 2005 aroused many accusations from opposition parties and international observers that President Emomalii Rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment.


Premise: What are some examples that Darwin gives of species whose basic form of limbs is similar, but who have vastly different uses for them?

Hypothesis: He says, "What can be more curious than that the hand of a man, formed for grasping, that of a mole for digging, the leg of the horse, the paddle of the porpoise, and the wing of the bat, should all be constructed on the same pattern, and should include the same bones, in the same relative positions?"


Premise: What was the affect of the dam on the stresses in that area?

Hypothesis: The effect was "25 times more" than a year's worth of natural stress from tectonic movement.


Premise: How many forced labourers were in the largest camp?

Hypothesis: The largest camp with about 48,000 inmates was established at Deutsch Eylau (Iława).


Premise: When did John von Neumann die?

Hypothesis: John von Neumann (/vɒn


Premise: How many miles long is Metrorail?

Hypothesis: Miami's heavy-rail rapid transit system, Metrorail, is an elevated system comprising two lines and 23 stations on a 24.4-mile (39.3 km)-long line.


Premise: Which Doctor Who spinoff did CBC contribute to?

Hypothesis: Beginning in 2005, the CBC has contributed production funds for the BBC Wales revival of Doctor Who, for which it received a special credit at the end of each episode.


Premise: How much of a trophy hunters' expenditures actually reach the local level, according to another study?

Hypothesis: A scientific study in the journal, Biological Conservation, states that trophy hunting is of "major importance to conservation in Africa by creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas, including areas which may be unsuitable for alternative wildlife-based land uses such as photographic ecotourism."


Premise: What was the new name of the Seattle team?

Hypothesis: Seattle's professional sports history began at the start of the 20th century with the PCHA's Seattle Metropolitans, which in 1917 became the first American hockey team to win the Stanley Cup.


Premise: What were the artisan guilds called?

Hypothesis: This manifested early in 1519–1523 when the artisan guilds known as the Germanies revolted against the government of the Habsburg king Charles I in Valencia, now part of the Crown of Aragon, with most of the fighting done in 1521.


Premise: When did Hubert Walter die?

Hypothesis: When the Archbishop of Canterbury, Hubert Walter, died on 13 July 1205, John became involved in a dispute with Pope Innocent III that would lead to the king's excommunication.


Premise: In what year was the Royal Society of London given a royal charter?

Hypothesis: It was founded by a group of independent scientists and given a royal charter in 1662.


Premise: What did the Deutsche Bank estimate the value of the reserves to be at?

Hypothesis: The Ministry of the Environment, Energy and Climate Change announced that there was interest from various countries (including Norway and the United States) in exploration, and the first results regarding the amount of oil and gas in these locations were expected in the summer of 2012.


Premise: When was Mac's Xserve server discontinued?

Hypothesis: Its Xserve server was discontinued in 2011 in favor of the Mac Mini and Mac Pro.


Premise: Which US state donated Washington, D.C.?

Hypothesis: (Virginia had also donated land, but it was returned in 1849.)


Premise: Which birds drum territorially?

Hypothesis: Some birds also use mechanical sounds for auditory communication.


Premise: Which president signed the Act into law?

Hypothesis: The U.S. Supreme Court found that "the plain intent of Congress in enacting" the ESA "was to halt and reverse the trend toward species extinction, whatever the cost."


Premise: When did the "Centennial Light" begin burning?

Hypothesis: The "Centennial Light" is a light bulb that is accepted by the Guinness Book of World Records as having been burning almost continuously at a fire station in Livermore, California, since 1901.


Premise: What was the governing body of the Hindu states?

Hypothesis: The constitutions of Hindu states evolved over time and were based on political and legal treatises and prevalent social institutions.


Premise: Where was osborne House that Victoria spent christmas at located?

Hypothesis: She died on Tuesday, 22 January 1901, at half past six in the evening, at the age of 81.


Premise: Which river is second to the Nile as a freshwater source to the Mediterranean?

Hypothesis: The Rhone is second to the Nile as a freshwater source to the Mediterranean Sea; the river begins as glacial meltwater, flows into Lake Geneva, and from there to France where one of its uses is to cool nuclear power plants.


Premise: What do the people in the Indian subcontinent call Jesus?

Hypothesis: In the Indian subcontinent, Christians call themselves


Premise: Where was the Finnic Chud Tripe located curing this time period?

Hypothesis: To their north, in the Ladoga and Karelia regions, were the Finnic Chud tribe.


Premise: How much does it cost to attend Eton Dorney throughout the year?

Hypothesis: In the run-up to the London 2012 Summer Olympic Games and London 2012 Summer Paralympic Games, Eton's purpose-built Dorney Lake, a permanent, eight-lane, 2,200 metre course (about 1.4 miles) in a 400-acre park, officially known throughout the Games as Eton Dorney, provided training facilities for Olympic and Paralympic competitors, and during the Games, hosted the Olympic and Paralympic Rowing competitions as well as the Olympic Canoe Sprint event, attracting over 400,000 visitors during the Games period (around 30,000 per day), and voted the best 2012 Olympic venue by spectators.


Premise: What was the first museum in the country to be formed by legislature?

Hypothesis: Also see this list of museums in North Carolina.


Premise: Sentient life according to Buddhism runs between what two points?

Hypothesis: According to Buddhism there ultimately is no such thing as a self independent from the rest of the universe.


Premise: Taken together, they account for what percentage of the total Russian Y chromosomal pool?

Hypothesis: DNA samples from 1228 Russians show that the Y chromosomes analyzed, all except 20 (1.6%) fall into seven major haplogroups all characteristic to West Eurasian populations.


Premise: What professor at the University in Hawaii at Manoa wrote about the relationships between hip hop, dance, and traditional Samoan culture?

Hypothesis: In addition, the integration of hip hop elements into Samoan tradition also "testifies to the transferability of the dance forms themselves," and to the "circuits through which people and all their embodied knowledge travel.


Premise: Where will Holyport College be located?

Hypothesis: In September 2014, Eton opened, and became the sole educational sponsor for, a new purpose-built co-educational state boarding and day school for around 500 pupils, Holyport College, in Maidenhead in Berkshire, with construction costing around £15 million, in which a fifth of places for day pupils will be set aside for children from poor homes, 21 boarding places will go to youngsters on the verge of being taken into care, and a further 28 boarders will be funded or part-funded through bursaries.


Premise: What was the purchase price for the Arena Football League's assets?

Hypothesis: The assets were awarded to Arena Football 1 on December 7, 2009, with a winning bid of $6.1 million.


Premise: What percentage of copper is used in roofing and plumbing?

Hypothesis: Machining of copper is possible, although it is usually necessary to use an alloy for intricate parts to get good machinability characteristics.


Premise: What is the last opus number that Chopin used?

Hypothesis: 74, though their order within the opus did not reflect the order of composition.


Premise: Who replaced Smith as manager of the Everton FC in 2002?

Hypothesis: David Moyes, was his replacement and guided Everton to a safe finish in fifteenth place.


Premise: Which school granted Lee an honory doctorate in 2006?

Hypothesis: During the ceremony, the students and audience gave Lee a standing ovation, and the entire graduating class held up copies of To Kill a Mockingbird to honor her.[note 5] Lee was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on November 5, 2007 by President George W. Bush.


Premise: What was one subject that Avicenna further developed?

Hypothesis: Philosophy, Fiqh and theology (kalaam) were further developed, most noticeably by Avicenna and his opponents.


Premise: The General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be what?

Hypothesis: The Prussian General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be extremely effective, in contrast to the traditional French school.


Premise: Which Queen song inspired audience clapping?

Hypothesis: Similarly, "Radio Ga Ga" became a live favourite because it would have "crowds clapping like they were at a Nuremberg rally".


Premise: Where is the Schwarzenegger restaurant located?

Hypothesis: In 1998, he sold his restaurant.


Premise: Why did the Czechoslavs consider Czech and Slovak to be a single language?

Hypothesis: The similarities between Czech and Slovak led to the languages being considered a single language by a group of 19th-century scholars who called themselves "Czechoslavs" (Čechoslováci), believing that the peoples were connected in a way which excluded German Bohemians and (to a lesser extent)


Premise: What year were the streets of downtown New Haven redesigned to resemble for the filming of the Crystal Skull?

Hypothesis: The filming of Crystal Skull involved an extensive chase sequence through the streets of New Haven.


Premise: What percentage of cloud-based instant messaging platform Telegram's users are from Iran?

Hypothesis: Over 80% of the users of Telegram, a cloud-based instant messaging service, are from Iran.


Premise: When did the Olympic Game begin?

Hypothesis: In 508 BC, Cleisthenes instituted the world's first democratic system of government in Athens.


Premise: In what device are small motors commonly found?

Hypothesis: Small motors may be found in electric watches.


Premise: What group did Montini oppose reforming?

Hypothesis: Montini and Angelo Roncalli were considered to be friends, but when Roncalli, as Pope John XXIII announced a new Ecumenical Council, Cardinal Montini reacted with disbelief and said to Giulio Bevilacqua: "This old boy does not know what a hornets nest he is stirring up."


Premise: Which season of American Idol was watched by the most people?

Hypothesis: The show reached its peak in season five with numbers averaging 30.6 million per episode, and season five remains the highest-rated season of the series.


Premise: Are Arizona and New Mexico residents speaking Spanish or English?

Hypothesis: The area of the former Gadsden Purchase contained a majority of Spanish-speakers until the 1940s, although the Tucson area had a higher ratio of anglophones (including Mexican Americans who were fluent in English); the continuous arrival of Mexican settlers increases the number of Spanish-speakers.


Premise: Where is the Museo de Historia del Arte located?

Hypothesis: The Museo de Arte Contempo has small but impressive exhibits of modern Uruguayan painting and sculpture.


Premise: What tendencies do reformed charismatics avoid?

Hypothesis: Generally, however, Reformed charismatics distance themselves from renewal movements with tendencies which could be perceived as overemotional, such as Word of Faith, Toronto Blessing, Brownsville Revival and Lakeland Revival.


Premise: What type of disasters affects the western US every year?

Hypothesis: In central portions of the U.S., tornadoes are more common than anywhere else on Earth and touch down most commonly in the spring and summer.


Premise: Because zinc has a filled d-shell, its compounds are usually what?

Hypothesis: Zinc chemistry is similar to the chemistry of the late first-row transition metals nickel and copper, though it has a filled d-shell, so its compounds are diamagnetic and mostly colorless.


Premise: What is asthma the result of?

Hypothesis: Asthma is the result of chronic inflammation of the conducting zone of the airways (most especially the bronchi and bronchioles), which subsequently results in increased contractability of the surrounding smooth muscles.


Premise: What is one reason a draw can result?

Hypothesis: A variant of the draw is the time-limit draw, where the match does not have a winner by a specified time period (a one-hour draw, which was once common, is known in wrestling circles as a "Broadway").


Premise: The "Lunniy Korabl" or "LK" would carry how many people?

Hypothesis: A separate lunar lander ("Lunniy Korabl", LK), would carry a single cosmonaut to the lunar surface.


Premise: When do monsoons traditionally happen in Punjab?

Hypothesis: The onset of the southwest monsoon is anticipated to reach Punjab by May, but since the early 1970s the weather pattern has been irregular.


Premise: Who is the interior moulding of the Mace and Chain building rumored to have belonged to?

Hypothesis: Yale's secret society buildings (some of which are called "tombs") were built both to be private yet unmistakable.


Premise: According to what school does it refer to the innate qualities of the mind that express themselves as omniscience?

Hypothesis: According to the Jonang school, it refers to the innate qualities of the mind that expresses themselves as omniscience etc.


Premise: What does the bel and decibel measure?

Hypothesis: Since 1976 the IEEE's Alexander Graham Bell Medal has been awarded to honor outstanding contributions in the field of telecommunications.


Premise: What organization is the Institute of Russian Language part of?

Hypothesis: I recognize it), отреза́ть/отре́зать (to be cutting/to have cut); to indicate the proper pronunciation of uncommon words, especially personal and family names (афе́ра, гу́ру, Гарси́я, Оле́ша, Фе́рми), and to show which is the stressed word in a sentence (Ты́ съел печенье?/Ты съе́л печенье?/Ты съел пече́нье?


Premise: What did Hayek suggest as an alternative to being called a libertarian?

Hypothesis: His essay has served as an inspiration to other liberal-minded economists wishing to distinguish themselves from conservative thinkers, for example James M. Buchanan's essay "Why I, Too, Am Not a Conservative: The Normative Vision of Classical Liberalism".


Premise: What is the definition of the concept of the gene as a unit of natural selection?

Hypothesis: In this view, the molecular gene transcribes as a unit, and the evolutionary gene inherits as a unit.


Premise: What was the topic of the first Solvay Conference?

Hypothesis: The very first Solvay Conference in 1911 was devoted to "the theory of radiation and quanta".


Premise: What are the two different programs offered at KU's Schoold of Journalism?

Hypothesis: The William Allen White School of Journalism and Mass Communications is recognized for its ability to prepare students to work in a variety of media when they graduate.


Premise: What event caused the citizens to reconsider how the government of Mexico City was set up?

Hypothesis: Mexico City, being the seat of the powers of the Union, did not belong to any particular state but to all.


Premise: On what date did the Japanese leave the League of Nations?

Hypothesis: Japan also tried to change the social organization in the islands from Matrilineality to the Japanese Patriarchal system, but with no success.


Premise: When was a Seismic Risk Analysis published?

Hypothesis: That Sichuan is a seismically active area has been discussed for years prior to the quake, though few studies point to a specific date and time.


Premise: Who did the migrating Shakyas pretend to be?

Hypothesis: During this era, following the genocide of Shakyas in Lumbini by Virudhaka, the survivors migrated north and entered the forest monastery in Sankhu masquerading as Koliyas.


Premise: Why did some landlords burn their own buildings?

Hypothesis: The most common explanation of what occurred was that landlords decided to burn their low property-value buildings and take the insurance money as it was more lucrative to get insurance money than to refurbish or sell a building in a severely distressed area.


Premise: Into how many languages was Cesare Beccaria's Crimes and Punishments (1764) translated?

Hypothesis: Cesare Beccaria, a jurist and one of the great Enlightenment writers, became famous for his masterpiece Of Crimes and Punishments (1764), which was later translated into 22 languages.


Premise: Which famous line from Kerry's speech was later featured in one of his later television ad campaigns?

Hypothesis: Heading into the convention, the Kerry/Edwards ticket unveiled their new slogan—a promise to make America "stronger at home and more respected in the world."


Premise: What is used to produce the metal zinc?

Hypothesis: After grinding the ore, froth flotation, which selectively separates minerals from gangue by taking advantage of differences in their hydrophobicity, is used to get an ore concentrate.


Premise: What is the oldest term for Egypt?

Hypothesis: The oldest attestation of this name for Egypt is the Akkadian 𒆳


Premise: In what Fitzgerald classic does the fictional protagonist make repeated references to New Haven?

Hypothesis: The Great Gatsby, as well as by fellow fictional Yale alumnus C. Montgomery Burns, a character from The Simpsons television show.


Premise: Which country did Skyfall move its pre-title sequence filming to?

Hypothesis: Production of Skyfall had previously faced similar problems while attempting to secure permits to shoot the film's pre-title sequence in India before moving to Istanbul.


Premise: How many ministers serve in the government?

Hypothesis: The Prime Minister also has the right to appoint other ministers and assign them a subject to deal with.


Premise: What is the capital of Armenia?

Hypothesis: Several bronze-era states flourished in the area of Greater Armenia, including the Hittite Empire (at the height of its power), Mitanni (South-Western historical Armenia), and Hayasa-Azzi (1500–1200 BC).


Premise: How many consecutive years did American Idol been ranked number one in ratings?

Hypothesis: The popularity of American Idol however declined, and on May 11, 2015, Fox announced that the series would conclude its run in its fifteenth season.


Premise: Who did Burke urge to send reinforcements to La Vendee?

Hypothesis: Burke wrote to Henry Dundas on 7 October urging him to send reinforcements there, as he viewed it as the only theatre in the war that might lead to a march on Paris.


Premise: What denominations are considered to be wealthier than most other groups?

Hypothesis: Episcopalians and Presbyterians, as well as other WASPs, tend to be considerably wealthier and better educated (having graduate and post-graduate degrees per capita) than most other religious groups in United States, and are disproportionately represented in the upper reaches of American business, law and politics, especially the Republican Party.


Premise: What year did the Football Association arrange The Laws of the Game?

Hypothesis: The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863.


Premise: What type of Theravada rejects the intermediate state idea?

Hypothesis: According to East Asian and Tibetan Buddhism, there is an intermediate state (Tibetan "bardo") between one life and the next.


Premise: What percentage of books borrowed were of a religious nature in England, Germany, and North America?

Hypothesis: Borrowing records from libraries in England, Germany and North America indicate that more than 70 percent of books borrowed were novels.


Premise: Name the other two important Ming generals?

Hypothesis: The chief of these was Wu Sangui, who was given the provinces of Yunnan and Guizhou, while generals Shang Kexi and Geng Jingzhong were given Guangdong and Fujian provinces respectively.


Premise: What did General Henry Guisan order a general mobilisation of during World War II?

Hypothesis: Switzerland was able to remain independent through a combination of military deterrence, concessions to Germany, and good fortune as larger events during the war delayed an invasion.


Premise: What type of disasters affects the western US every year?

Hypothesis: The West is affected by large wildfires each year.


Premise: What was the starting price of the Macintosh llfx when it was unveiled?

Hypothesis: Later that year, the Macintosh IIci, running at 25 MHz, was the first Mac to be "32-bit clean.


Premise: How many years was Francois Mitterrand in power?

Hypothesis: Valéry Giscard d'Estaing began the Musée d'Orsay (1986); President François Mitterrand, in power for 14 years, built the Opéra Bastille (1985-1989), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (1996), the Arche de la Défense (1985-1989), and the Louvre Pyramid with its underground courtyard (1983-1989); Jacques Chirac (2006), the Musée du quai Branly.


Premise: When was the Aeronautics Branch renamed?

Hypothesis: In 1936, the Bureau itself took over the centers and began to expand the ATC system.


Premise: What area do peaks in France, Italy, and Switzerland lie in?

Hypothesis: Peaks in France, Italy and Switzerland lie in the "Houillière zone", which consists of basement with sediments from the Mesozoic Era.


Premise: What was a benefit of the use of magnetic pickup cartridge?

Hypothesis: Over time, fidelity, dynamic and noise levels improved to the point that it was harder to tell the difference between a live performance in the studio and the recorded version.


Premise: What artist did Kanye West lose "Best New Artist" to at the 2004 AMAs?

Hypothesis: " On November 2, 2006, when his "Touch the Sky" failed to win Best Video at the MTV Europe Music Awards, West went onto the stage as the award was being presented to Justice and Simian for "We Are Your Friends" and argued that he should have won the award instead.


Premise: When did other states become part of Mexico?

Hypothesis: After the Mexican War of Independence from Spain also, California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, western Colorado and southwestern Wyoming became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California and most of New Mexico, western Texas, southern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, and Oklahoma panhandle were part of the territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México.


Premise: Monastics are instructed by the Buddha to live as what?

Hypothesis: Monastics are instructed by the Buddha to live as "islands unto themselves".


Premise: What is I-696 called?

Hypothesis: (Reuther Freeway) runs east–west from the junction of I-96 and I-275, providing a route through the northern suburbs of Detroit.


Premise: Voiced stops are most often what?

Hypothesis: In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic.


Premise: Which two states designated their assigned votes based on their districts?

Hypothesis: Rather than assigning all 9 of the state's electors to the candidate with a plurality of popular votes, under the amendment Colorado would have assigned presidential electors proportionally to the statewide vote count, which would be a unique system (Nebraska and Maine assign electoral votes based on vote totals within each congressional district).


Premise: What does it want to do with the language, the speakers, and reality?

Hypothesis: It is a subdiscipline of Catalan philology and other affine studies and has as an objective to analyse the relation between the Catalan language, the speakers and the close reality (including the one of other languages in contact).


Premise: Where do many non-transparent translation theories delve for concepts?

Hypothesis: Schleiermacher favored the latter approach; he was motivated, however, not so much by a desire to embrace the foreign, as by a nationalist desire to oppose France's cultural domination and to promote German literature.


Premise: Aside from consumption how are Guinea fowl  useful to humans.

Hypothesis: They will keep a vegetable garden clear of pests and will eat the ticks that carry Lyme disease.


Premise: Which system of measurement was standardized?

Hypothesis: From 1907 to 1911, the Creel administration succeeded in advancing the state's legal system, modernizing the mining industry, and raising public education standards.


Premise: What were the strikes in protest against?

Hypothesis: On October 24, the union Supreme Soviet passed a law eliminating special seats for Communist Party and other official organizations' representatives.


Premise: Who played in the Whistler and His Jug Band?

Hypothesis: Howard Armstrong, who is famous for blues violin, got his start with his father's mandolin and played in string bands similar to the other Tennessee string bands he came into contact with, with band makeup including "mandolins and fiddles and guitars and banjos.


Premise: How many Unicom towers were suspended?

Hypothesis: China Unicom's service in Wenchuan and four nearby counties was cut off, with more than 700 towers suspended.


Premise: In contrast to its acceptance of responsibility for keeping the pipelines new, Shell has denied what?

Hypothesis: In January 2013, a Dutch court rejected four out of five allegations brought against the firm over oil pollution in the Niger Delta but found a subsidiary guilty of one case of pollution, ordering compensation to be paid to a Nigerian farmer.


Premise: What is contrast banding?

Hypothesis: However, proprietary human-assisted encoders manually operated by specialists can vastly reduce the incidence of artifacts, depending on playing time and image complexity.


Premise: How many units of the GameCube version of Twilight Princess had been purchased by the end of March 2007?

Hypothesis: The game had sold 5.82 million copies on the Wii as of March 31, 2011[update], and 1.32 million on the GameCube as of March 31, 2007[update].


Premise: In what year did Pope Pius IV wrote abou tthe selecting of cardinals?

Hypothesis: According to this historic council "nothing is more necessary to the Church of God than that the holy Roman pontiff apply that solicitude which by the duty of his office he owes the universal Church in a very special way by associating with himself as cardinals the most select persons only, and appoint to each church most eminently upright and competent shepherds; and this the more so, because our Lord Jesus Christ will require at his hands the blood of the sheep of Christ that perish through the evil government of shepherds who are negligent and forgetful of their office."


Premise: What does Darwin believe about the differences between species and varieties?

Hypothesis: Darwin and Wallace made variation among individuals of the same species central to understanding the natural world.


Premise: Where was the August 30, 2008 quake?

Hypothesis: (The Ms 6.1 earthquake on August 30, 2008 in southern Sichuan was not part of this series because it was caused by a different fault.


Premise: Why did Soviets create fake elections in Poland?

Hypothesis: The Soviets organized staged elections, the result of which was to become a legitimization of Soviet annexation of eastern Poland.


Premise: The Quran is more self-referential in which of its suras?

Hypothesis: According to Wild the Quran is highly self-referential.


Premise: What was Neptune mistaken for at first?

Hypothesis: At his first observation in December 1612, Neptune was almost stationary in the sky because it had just turned retrograde that day.


Premise: Who sued Countrywide for unfair business practices and false advertising?

Hypothesis: This caused Countrywide's financial condition to deteriorate, ultimately resulting in a decision by the Office of Thrift Supervision to seize the lender.


Premise: Where did the Hurricanes play their first two seasons?

Hypothesis: The team played its first two seasons more than 60 miles away at Greensboro Coliseum while its home arena, Raleigh Entertainment and Sports Arena (later RBC Center and now PNC Arena), was under construction.


Premise: Who was the head of state of Swaziland after King Sobhuza II

Hypothesis: Following the elections of 1973, the constitution of Swaziland was suspended by King Sobhuza II who thereafter ruled the country by decree until his death in 1982.


Premise: What was the total attendance of all Premier League games during the 2009-10 season?

Hypothesis: For the 2009–10 season, average attendances across the league clubs were 34,215 for Premier League matches with a total aggregate attendance figure of 13,001,616.


Premise: How many soldiers were lost by the Japanese in Burma during WWII ?

Hypothesis: Overall, the Japanese lost some 150,000 men in Burma.


Premise: What company ran the Marshall Islands in the late 19th century?

Hypothesis: After the German–Spanish Treaty of 1899, in which Germany acquired the Carolines, Palau, and the Marianas from Spain, Germany placed all of its Micronesian islands, including the Marshalls, under the governor of German New Guinea.


Premise: Why does Ashkenazim represent the overwhelming majority of Jews in the New World continents?

Hypothesis: Only in Israel is the Jewish population representative of all groups, a melting pot independent of each group's proportion within the overall world Jewish population.


Premise: Where was the band Talking Heads based out of?

Hypothesis: In the mid 1970s, various American groups (some with ties to Downtown Manhattan's punk scene, including Television and Suicide) had begun expanding on the vocabulary of punk music.


Premise: Who originally sang the song "All Together Now" that was reworked and released by Everton Football Club in 1995?

Hypothesis: The Farm, was released for the 1995 FA Cup Final and reached number 27.


Premise: Had the Football League First Division ever been in the top level?

Hypothesis: The Football League First Division, which had been the top level of English football since 1888, was well behind leagues such as Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga in attendances and revenues, and several top English players had moved abroad.


Premise: What did Viacom plan to do after the ruling in 2010?

Hypothesis: Viacom announced its intention to appeal the ruling.


Premise: What type of crop was rice considered to be during this period?

Hypothesis: The most common staple crops consumed during Han were wheat, barley, foxtail millet, proso millet, rice, and beans.


Premise: What did critics feel that Eisenhower should have opposed in public?

Hypothesis: Despite his unprecedented use of Army troops to enforce a federal desegregation order at Central High School in Little Rock, Eisenhower was criticized for his reluctance to support the civil rights movement to the degree that activists wanted.


Premise: Feral dogs have what Latin classification?

Hypothesis: In 1978, a review aimed at reducing the number of recognized Canis species proposed that "Canis dingo is now generally regarded as a distinctive feral domestic dog.


Premise: When did the British Isles area become separated from the European continent?

Hypothesis: About two to four millennia later, Great Britain became separated from the mainland.


Premise: During what period did UNFPA aid Peru's reproductive health program?

Hypothesis: When it was discovered a Peruvian program had been engaged in carrying out coercive sterilizations, UNFPA called for reforms and protocols to protect the rights of women seeking assistance.


Premise: What work is associated with Guhyasamaja tradition?

Hypothesis: The Samvara tantra texts adopted the pitha list from the Saiva text Tantrasadbhava, introducing a copying error where a deity was mistaken for a place.


Premise: When the clock on your laptop adjusts to DST without you resetting the clock, what is controlling the change?

Hypothesis: DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns.


Premise: Where is the Information Management Group located?

Hypothesis: Among other things, the Information Management Group is responsible for the conduct of electronic warfare and the protection of the Armed Forces' communications and computer networks.


Premise: What process is best used when there are a number of viable manuscripts available?

Hypothesis: If it seems that one manuscript is by far the best text, then copy text editing is appropriate, and if it seems that a group of manuscripts are good, then eclecticism on that group would be proper.


Premise: Why are divers attracted to Bermuda?

Hypothesis: Many nearby reefs are readily accessible from shore by snorkellers, especially at Church Bay.


Premise: What kind of mosaic were made in Tiryns?

Hypothesis: Mosaic fell out of fashion in the Renaissance, though artists like Raphael continued to practise the old technique.


Premise: What percentage of the City of Bostons population is 25 to 44?

Hypothesis: In the city, the population was spread out with 21.9% at age 19 and under, 14.3% from 20 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% who were 65 years of age or older.


Premise: Where was Namibia ranked on Press Freedom in 2014?

Hypothesis: Over the past years, the country usually ranked in the upper quarter of the Press Freedom Index of Reporters without Borders, reaching position 21 in 2010, being on par with Canada and the best-positioned African country.


Premise: Who started BDP?

Hypothesis: This was hip-hop pioneer KRS-One's inspiration for his thought provoking group BDP, or Boogie Down Productions, which included DJ Scott La Rock.


Premise: Which did BYU's athletic program belong to before joining the Mountain West Conference?

Hypothesis: BYU previously participated in the Western Athletic Conference.


Premise: What did the group of theorists classify in 1982?

Hypothesis: The University of Chicago's 1960–61 Group Theory Year brought together group theorists such as Daniel Gorenstein, John G. Thompson and Walter Feit, laying the foundation of a collaboration that, with input from numerous other mathematicians, classified all finite simple groups in 1982.


Premise: Who was the fitness trainer that Madonna was involved with?

Hypothesis: At the same time, she became romantically involved with fitness trainer Carlos Leon.


Premise: When was the first digital cinema projection in Europe?

Hypothesis: Parisians tend to share the same movie-going trends as many of the world's global cities, with cinemas primarily dominated by Hollywood-generated film entertainment.


Premise: Who decided to remove the 1945 entrance stipulation?

Hypothesis: In 1945, the school introduced a nationality statute conditioning entry on the applicant's father being British by birth.


Premise: With what other device are stepper motors most versatile?

Hypothesis: Simple stepper motor drivers entirely energize or entirely de-energize the field windings, leading the rotor to "cog" to a limited number of positions; more sophisticated drivers can proportionally control the power to the field windings, allowing the rotors to position between the cog points and thereby rotate extremely smoothly.


Premise: When was the Premier League originally formed?

Hypothesis: The deal was worth £1 billion a year domestically as of 2013–14, with BSkyB and BT Group securing the domestic rights to broadcast 116 and 38 games respectively.


Premise: When it is burned what does hydrogen make?

Hypothesis: In 1766–81, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize that hydrogen gas was a discrete substance, and that it produces water when burned, a property which later gave it its name: in Greek, hydrogen means "water-former".


Premise: What did the knights of expansionist polices eventually lead to?

Hypothesis: The Knights' expansionist policies, including occupation of Polish Pomerania with Gdańsk/Danzig and western Lithuania, brought them into conflict with the Kingdom of Poland and embroiled them in several wars, culminating in the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War, whereby the united armies of Poland and Lithuania, defeated the Teutonic Order at the Battle of Grunwald (Tannenberg) in 1410.


Premise: What plant did Dell close in Texas?

Hypothesis: Most of the work that used to take place in Dell's U.S. plants was transferred to contract manufacturers in Asia and Mexico, or some of Dell's own factories overseas.


Premise: Who was Tito formally an ally of after WWII?

Hypothesis: Although Tito was formally an ally of Stalin after World War II, the Soviets had set up a spy ring in the Yugoslav party as early as 1945, giving way to an uneasy alliance.[citation needed]


Premise: What is the most common element used to create a single in phase signal?

Hypothesis: The log-periodic antenna is a more complex design that uses multiple in-line elements similar in appearance to the Yagi-Uda but using transmission lines between the elements to produce the output.


Premise: How many universities are in Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: There are 13 universities in Hyderabad: two private universities, two deemed universities, six state universities and three central universities.


Premise: How far back does Chapter One of On the Origin of Species go in its coverage of animal and plant species?

Hypothesis: As an illustration of artificial selection, he describes fancy pigeon breeding, noting that "[t]he diversity of the breeds is something astonishing", yet all were descended from one species of rock pigeon.


Premise: In what district are these sculptural pieces located?

Hypothesis: The period of division ended when the Sui Dynasty reunified China and almost destroyed the entire city, turning it into a small town.


Premise: Who composed the song "Karneval in Paris"?

Hypothesis: From 1863, the artist federation kunstnerforeningen held annual Carnival balls in the old Freemasons lodge, which inspired Johan Svendsens compositions "Norsk Kunstnerkarneval" and "Karneval in Paris".


Premise: With Franco's dictatorship over, to what did Barcelona change their name ?

Hypothesis: Barcelona restored some pride by beating Real Madrid 1–0 in the 1968 Copa del Generalísimo final at the Bernabéu in front of Franco, with coach Salvador Artigas, a former republican pilot in the civil war.


Premise: What member of the Fujiwara attempted to rebel in the mid-twelfth century?

Hypothesis: A struggle for succession in the mid-twelfth century gave the Fujiwara an opportunity to regain their former power.


Premise: There are two types of sleep called what?

Hypothesis: Until the 1950s it was generally believed that the brain essentially shuts off during sleep, but this is now known to be far from true; activity continues, but patterns become very different.


Premise: What decade did herbicides become common?

Hypothesis: Herbicides became common in the 1960s, led by "triazine and other nitrogen-based compounds, carboxylic acids such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and glyphosate".


Premise: Who was speculated to have wrote the book instead of Harper Lee?

Hypothesis: Lee's childhood friend, author Truman Capote, wrote on the dust jacket of the first edition, "Someone rare has written this very fine first novel: a writer with the liveliest sense of life, and the warmest, most authentic sense of humor.


Premise: What was the name of the boarding school for Christians during the Ottoman Caliphate?

Hypothesis: The second track was a free boarding school for the Christians, the Enderûn, which recruited 3,000 students annually from Christian boys between eight and twenty years old from one in forty families among the communities settled in Rumelia or the Balkans, a process known as Devshirme (Devşirme).


Premise: What does south-eastern Val-de-Marne specialize in?

Hypothesis: The southern Essonne department specialises in science and technology, and the south-eastern Val-de-Marne, with its wholesale Rungis food market, specialises in food processing and beverages.


Premise: When dod the Boston patriots change their name?

Hypothesis: They share Gillette Stadium with the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer.


Premise: What does the process of dielectric absorption in a capacitor depend on?

Hypothesis: The level of absorption depends on many factors, from design considerations to charging time, since the absorption is a time-dependent process.


Premise: After 1992, what did the percentage of textbooks discussing race increase to?

Hypothesis: However, this has increased somewhat after this to 43%.


Premise: When did the Nama-Herero war begin?

Hypothesis: The Nama-Herero War broke out in 1880, with hostilities ebbing only when Imperial Germany deployed troops to the contested places and cemented the status quo between Nama, Orlams, and Herero.


Premise: What did internet portals remove from their home pages?

Hypothesis: Many websites converted their home page to black and white; Sina.com and Sohu, major internet portals, limited their homepages to news items and removed all advertisements.


Premise: How does one say the word "music" in Czech?

Hypothesis: Some Czech words have been borrowed as loanwords into English and other languages—for example, robot (from robota, "labor") and polka (from polka, "Polish woman" or from "půlka" "half").


Premise: What records of the guilds are still in existence?

Hypothesis: In Europe during the Medieval period, guilds were formed by craftsmen to organise their trades and written contracts have survived, particularly in relation to ecclesiastical buildings.


Premise: What sets the Cork accent apart from other Irish accents?

Hypothesis: Patterns of tone and intonation often rise and fall, with the overall tone tending to be more high-pitched than other Irish accents.


Premise: What did Bell like to do that led to his involvement with eugenics?

Hypothesis: In his lecture Memoir upon the formation of a deaf variety of the human race presented to the National Academy of Sciences on November 13, 1883 he noted that congenitally deaf parents were more likely to produce deaf children and tentatively suggested that couples where both parties were deaf should not marry.


Premise: Where are South Africian NPOs registered?

Hypothesis: All are classified as Voluntary Organisations and all must be registered with the South Africa Revenue Services "SARS".[citation needed]


Premise: Which state raided Han's Korean commanderies?

Hypothesis: During the widespread rebellion against Wang Mang, the state of Goguryeo was free to raid Han's Korean commanderies; Han did not reaffirm its control over the region until AD 30.


Premise: What type of the converter was used in hungarian locomotives of that time?

Hypothesis: A few decades after the Second World War, the 16 kV was changed to the Russian and later French 25 kV system.


Premise: What other means of pay when purchasing items may have been in place?

Hypothesis: The new Kievan state prospered due to its abundant supply of furs, beeswax, honey, and slaves for export, and because it controlled three main trade routes of Eastern Europe.


Premise: Jews were banned from cities in Alsace, where were they forced to settle?

Hypothesis: Jews were barred from most cities and instead lived in villages.


Premise: What is the name of the president who was the first torchbearer in Almaty?

Hypothesis: There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.


Premise: What type of lifestyle did the Jurchen live?

Hypothesis: The Qing dynasty was founded not by Han Chinese, who constitute the majority of the Chinese population, but by a sedentary farming people known as the Jurchen, a Tungusic people who lived around the region now comprising the Chinese provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang.


Premise: What is the JK Bridge a nickname for?

Hypothesis: Chan won the Gustav Lindenthal Medal for this project at the 2003 International Bridge Conference in Pittsburgh due to "...outstanding achievement demonstrating harmony with the environment, aesthetic merit and successful community participation".


Premise: When did Sudan receive independence?

Hypothesis: However, Churchill could not ignore Gamal Abdul Nasser's new revolutionary government of Egypt that had taken power in 1952, and the following year it was agreed that British troops would withdraw from the Suez Canal zone and that Sudan would be granted self-determination by 1955, with independence to follow.


Premise: Greece holds what rank among most visited countries in the world?

Hypothesis: Important Greek industries include tourism (with 14.9 million international tourists in 2009, it is ranked as the 7th most visited country in the European Union and 16th in the world by the United Nations World Tourism Organization) and merchant shipping (at 16.2% of the world's total capacity, the Greek merchant marine is the largest in the world), while the country is also a considerable agricultural producer (including fisheries) within the union.


Premise: In what Province did Bell die?

Hypothesis: Bell died of complications arising from diabetes on August 2, 1922, at his private estate, Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia, at age 75.


Premise: What was the profession of Christoph Meiners and Georg Forster?

Hypothesis: In the US, Samuel George Morton, Josiah Nott and Louis Agassiz promoted this theory in the mid-nineteenth century.


Premise: Who did a work for Italian television about Chopin's life?

Hypothesis: The Women Behind The Music (2010), and in a 2010 documentary realised by Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda for Italian television.


Premise: What have been its two primary sources of wealth?

Hypothesis: Its topographic and climatic conditions have made animal husbandry and farming the primary source of Galicia's wealth for most of its history.


Premise: Along with gardening, animal husbandry and child-care, what work did medieval peasant women do?

Hypothesis: Townswomen, like peasant women, were responsible for the household, and could also engage in trade.


Premise: How many Czechs spoke both Moravian and standard Czech as first languages in 2011?

Hypothesis: Of the Czech dialects, only Moravian is distinguished in nationwide surveys by the Czech Statistical Office.


Premise: What percentage of people in Burma are related by linguistically lines to the Khmer.

Hypothesis: Included in this group are the Anglo-Burmese.


Premise: Why are some leeches endangered?

Hypothesis: Although blood-letting is no longer in favor with doctors, some leech species are regarded as endangered species because they have been over-harvested for this purpose in the last few centuries.


Premise: When was Victoria's oldest daughter married?

Hypothesis: They had been betrothed since September 1855, when Princess Victoria was 14 years old; the marriage was delayed by the Queen and Prince Albert until the bride was 17.


Premise: In terms of finance, when being ruled by the English, where did Burma stand ?

Hypothesis: The wealth was however, mainly concentrated in the hands of Europeans.


Premise: What did the English East India Company have difficulty attracting?

Hypothesis: The company experienced difficulty attracting new immigrants, and sentiments of unrest and rebellion fomented among the inhabitants.


Premise: When was the original Grecian constitution formed ?

Hypothesis: The Greek genocide, in particular the harsh removal of Pontian Greeks from the southern shore area of the Black Sea, contemporaneous with and following the failed Greek Asia Minor Campaign, was part of this process of Turkification of the Ottoman Empire and the placement of its economy and trade, then largely in Greek hands under ethnic Turkish control.


Premise: In what year did the Queen Elizabeth receive its name from the Queen?

Hypothesis: This was particularly evident on 11 November 2008 when the Cunard liner RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 departed the city for the final time amid a spectacular fireworks display after a full day of celebrations.


Premise: In what year was the household median income in San Diego at $45,733?

Hypothesis: As of January 1, 2008 estimates by the San Diego Association of Governments revealed that the household median income for San Diego rose to $66,715, up from $45,733, and that the city population rose to 1,336,865, up 9.3% from 2000.


Premise: There is a relationship between the size of the antenna and the size of the wavelength with what antenna type?

Hypothesis: An antenna transmits and receives radio waves with a particular polarization which can be reoriented by tilting the axis of the antenna in many (but not all) cases.


Premise: What is 'Victor Talking Machine now known as?

Hypothesis: The factory which became RCA Victor stills exists.


Premise: When did the Chalukya Empire rule?

Hypothesis: The Badami Chalukyas began to assert their independence at the decline of the Kadamba kingdom of Banavasi and rapidly rose to prominence during the reign of Pulakeshin II.


Premise: What political party was Russells ministry?

Hypothesis: Russell's ministry, though Whig, was not favoured by the Queen.


Premise: Which street runs from Riverside Drive to Amsterdam Avenue?

Hypothesis: 112th Street starts in Morningside Heights and runs from Riverside Drive to Amsterdam Avenue, where it meets the steps of the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine.


Premise: What did Whitehead believe was the fundamental purpose of life?

Hypothesis: " If humans can only exist for about a hundred years, and rocks for eight hundred million, then one is forced to ask why complex organisms ever evolved in the first place; as Whitehead humorously notes, "they certainly did not appear because they were better at that game than the rocks around them."


Premise: What is included in the final part of the critical apparatus?

Hypothesis: The critical apparatus presents the author's work in three parts: first, a list or description of the evidence that the editor used (names of manuscripts, or abbreviations called sigla); second, the editor's analysis of that evidence (sometimes a simple likelihood rating),[citation needed]; and third, a record of rejected variants of the text (often in order of preference).[citation needed]


Premise: What is the other issue that comes to sight when using electrification system?

Hypothesis: Additionally, there are issues of connections between different electrical services, particularly connecting intercity lines with sections electrified for commuter traffic, but also between commuter lines built to different standards.


Premise: What were the first parties in the united States called?

Hypothesis: The Whigs survived only for two decades before they split over the spread of slavery, those opposed becoming members of the new Republican Party, as did anti-slavery members of the Democratic Party.


Premise: What religious element could be found in all Roman households?

Hypothesis: However, the Roman religion commonly associated with the republic and early empire did not begin until around 500 BC, when Romans came in contact with Greek culture, and adopted many of the Greek religious beliefs.


Premise: What year was Jeannette Rankin vote against war the first time?

Hypothesis: In 1940, Jeannette Rankin had once again been elected to Congress, and in 1941, as she did in 1917, she voted against the United States' declaration of war.


Premise: What are the nearest algal relatives existing today?

Hypothesis: This feature is lacking in the descendants of their nearest algal relatives, the Charophycean green algae.


Premise: Who became the emperor?

Hypothesis: As the Jurchens had traditionally "elected" their leader through a council of nobles, the Qing state did not have in place a clear succession system until the reign of the Kangxi Emperor.


Premise: What sort of strike was called?

Hypothesis: On February 20, a 30,000-strong crowd demonstrated in Theater Square, by February 22, there were 100,000, the next day 300,000, and a transport strike was declared, by February 25, there were close to 1 million demonstrators – about a quarter of Armenia's population.


Premise: How many votes do the member clubs of the Premier League have each?

Hypothesis: The Football Association is not directly involved in the day-to-day operations of the Premier League, but has veto power as a special shareholder during the election of the chairman and chief executive and when new rules are adopted by the league.


Premise: Where did the torch relay finish in Turkey?

Hypothesis: Turkey: The torch relay leg in Istanbul, held on April 3, started on Sultanahmet Square and finished in Taksim Square.


Premise: Why did agricultural societies push into hunter-gatherer areas?

Hypothesis: As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers.


Premise: Why didn't Gaddafi learn to speak English?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi briefly studied History at the University of Libya in Benghazi, before dropping out to join the military.


Premise: Livingston and Dobzhansky disagree on whether the race concept is what?

Hypothesis: In short, Livingstone and Dobzhansky agree that there are genetic differences among human beings; they also agree that the use of the race concept to classify people, and how the race concept is used, is a matter of social convention.


Premise: What years did the Zhengtong Emperor reign?

Hypothesis: The Information Office of the State Council of the PRC preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor (r. 1435–1449) addressed to the Karmapa in 1445, written after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court.


Premise: What seed is cultivated in Tibet?

Hypothesis: The most important crop in Tibet is barley, and dough made from barley flour—called tsampa—is the staple food of Tibet.


Premise: What size of choirs have performed Gustav Mahler's 1906 Symphony No. 8?

Hypothesis: Gustav Mahler's 1906 Symphony No. 8, for example, has been performed with over 150 instrumentalists and choirs of over 400.


Premise: How large is Notre Dame in acres?

Hypothesis: The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the "Word of Life" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.


Premise: Which northern country do the Rocky Mountains begin at?

Hypothesis: The Rocky Mountains form a large portion of the Western U.S., entering from Canada and stretching nearly to Mexico.


Premise: If you wanted to speed up the etching process, you could agitate the bath up or add what to it?

Hypothesis: Splash etching uses a motor-driven paddle to splash boards with etchant; the process has become commercially obsolete since it is not as fast as spray etching.


Premise: What program gives incentives to private landowners to protect species on their land?

Hypothesis: More than half of habitat for listed species is on non-federal property, owned by citizens, states, local governments, tribal governments and private organizations.


Premise: Work and school holidays are determined by what?

Hypothesis: Work and school holidays are determined by the Jewish holidays, and the official day of rest is Saturday, the Jewish Sabbath.


Premise: Reading and interpreting from a control unit is called doing what?

Hypothesis: Control systems in advanced computers may change the order of execution of some instructions to improve performance.


Premise: When did Rome begin using leeches?

Hypothesis: Accounts of the use of leeches for the medically dubious practise of blood-letting have come from China around 30 AD, India around 200 AD, ancient Rome around 50 AD and later throughout Europe.


Premise: Which time period is suggested that cynodonts had a high metabolic rate?

Hypothesis: Some of the evidence found so far suggests that Triassic cynodonts had fairly high metabolic rates, but it is not conclusive.


Premise: How many dialects are the publications distributed by the Jehovah Witness available in ?

Hypothesis: Jehovah's Witnesses have been present since 1914 and have about 80 congregations around the country and a branch office in Yangon publishing in 16 languages.


Premise: How do some annelids get a one-time chance at a better spawning spot?

Hypothesis: In a few species the rear of the body splits off and becomes a separate individual that lives just long enough to swim to a suitable environment, usually near the surface, and spawn.


Premise: What was widely observed in the eastern portion of the Byzantine world ?

Hypothesis: By 750, the feast of her conception was widely celebrated in the Byzantine East, under the name of the Conception (active) of Saint Anne.


Premise: Who will show 116 games for that same time period?

Hypothesis: The remaining 116 games were retained by Sky who paid £760 million-a-year.


Premise: What would H.R. 2000 do?

Hypothesis: In the event of a yes vote, the president would be asked to submit legislation to Congress to admit Puerto Rico as a state.


Premise: What was the title of Madonna's Book?

Hypothesis: Of this experience she commented, "I studied with a vocal coach for Evita and I realized there was a whole piece of my voice I wasn't using.


Premise: When was Timothy McVeigh Executed?

Hypothesis: On April 19, 1995, the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building was destroyed by a fertilizer bomb manufactured and detonated by Timothy McVeigh.


Premise: What year did Kanye West begin his relationship with Alexis Phifer?

Hypothesis: West began dating reality star and longtime friend Kim Kardashian in April 2012.


Premise: When did a new term for those who followed Humanism emerge?

Hypothesis: It developed during the fourteenth and the beginning of the fifteenth centuries, and was a response to the challenge of scholastic university education, which was then dominated by Aristotelian philosophy and logic.


Premise: What was the date of Queen Victorias death?

Hypothesis: She died on Tuesday, 22 January 1901, at half past six in the evening, at the age of 81.


Premise: What does the name 'Praça dos Três Poderes' come from?

Hypothesis: Praça dos Três Poderes (Portuguese for Square of the Three Powers) is a plaza in Brasília.


Premise: What did Whitehead state are the two types of perception?

Hypothesis: Further, Whitehead regards perception as occurring in two modes, causal efficacy (or "physical prehension") and presentational immediacy (or "conceptual prehension").


Premise: Why does Sowell believe that there is little to no incentive for the preferred minority groups to perform at their best?

Hypothesis: Eastland believes that the founders of affirmative action did not anticipate how the benefits of affirmative action would go to those who did not need it, mostly middle class minorities.


Premise: What does PRISM do?

Hypothesis: In the U.S., a controversial National Security Agency program known as PRISM provides for broad monitoring of Internet users traffic and has raised concerns about potential violation of the privacy protections in the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution.


Premise: What is is Kota known as within India?

Hypothesis: Kota is known for its quality education in preparation of various competitive exams, coaching for medical and engineering exams while Jodhpur is home to many higher educational institutions like IIT, AIIMS, National Law University, Sardar Patel Police University, National institute of Fashion Technology, MBM Engineering College etc.


Premise: What short poem spoke of Frédéric's popularity as a child?

Hypothesis: Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, in his dramatic eclogue, "Nasze Przebiegi" ("Our Discourses", 1818), attested to "little Chopin's" popularity.


Premise: What year was the Oakland Growth Study initiated?

Hypothesis: The Oakland Growth Study, initiated by Harold Jones and Herbert Stolz in 1931, aimed to study the physical, intellectual, and social development of children in the Oakland area.


Premise: The Hungarians had thrown off Turkish rule by what year?

Hypothesis: The Hungarians had thrown off Turkish rule by 1688.


Premise: What temperature makes a glacier polythermal?

Hypothesis: The ice of a polar glacier is always below freezing point from the surface to its base, although the surface snowpack may experience seasonal melting.


Premise: How many amino acids do the Zn2+ ions bind to?

Hypothesis: Each of the nine or ten Zn2+ ions in a zinc finger helps maintain the finger's structure by coordinately binding to four amino acids in the transcription factor.


Premise: What is the name of the beautiful woman who Virgil enamoured?

Hypothesis: The legend of Virgil in his Basket arose in the Middle Ages, and is often seen in art and mentioned in literature as part of the Power of Women literary topos, demonstrating the disruptive force of female attractiveness on men.


Premise: What did a 4 July 2003 front page story claim?

Hypothesis: It did not help its argument by publishing a front page story on 4 July 2003, under the headline "Swan Bake", which claimed that asylum seekers were slaughtering and eating swans.


Premise: What kind of stamp is required to hunt migratory waterfowl?

Hypothesis: Hunting migratory waterfowl requires a duck stamp from the Fish and Wildlife Service in addition to the appropriate state hunting license.


Premise: When did the Battle of Leyte Gulf occur?

Hypothesis: The Battle of Leyte Gulf was arguably the largest naval battle in history and was the largest naval battle of World War II.


Premise: The true diversity within the insect species remains what?

Hypothesis: Though the true dimensions of species diversity remain uncertain, estimates range from 2.6–7.8 million species with a mean of 5.5 million.


Premise: How has technology improved the study of botany?

Hypothesis: Technological developments such as computers and electron microscopes have greatly increased the level of detail studied and speed at which data can be analysed.


Premise: What state-owned organization operates New Delhi's bus transport system?

Hypothesis: Buses are operated by the state-owned Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC), which owns largest fleet of compressed natural gas (CNG)-fueled buses in the world.


Premise: What year was House music first popularized?

Hypothesis: House music is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in Chicago in the early 1980s.


Premise: In the same study, how much more likely was someone from Kentucky to tune into the show?

Hypothesis: The show itself is popular in the Southern United States, with households in the Southeastern United States 10% more likely to watch American Idol during the eighth season in 2009, and those in the East Central region, such as Kentucky, were 16 percent more likely to tune into the series.


Premise: What fares do most pubs offer?

Hypothesis: Most pubs offer a range of beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks.


Premise: When were images of new iPod colors leaked?

Hypothesis: In mid-2015, several new color schemes for all of the current iPod models were spotted in the latest version of iTunes, 12.2.


Premise: Who overshadowed House Speaker Dennis Hastert?

Hypothesis: Despite this, Cantor and his successor, Kevin McCarthy, have been reckoned as the second-ranking Republicans in the House, since Boehner is still reckoned as the leader of the House Republicans.


Premise: Where did most Neptune trojans form?

Hypothesis: Some Neptune trojans are remarkably stable in their orbits, and are likely to have formed alongside Neptune rather than being captured.


Premise: How people were reported to be survivors in Yingxiu Town?

Hypothesis: By 17:37 CST on May 13, a total of over 15,600 troops and militia reservists from the Chengdu Military Region had joined the rescue force in the heavily affected areas.


Premise: what model of university structure was being used throughout the world at the finish of the 19th century?

Hypothesis: Until the 19th century, religion played a significant role in university curriculum; however, the role of religion in research universities decreased in the 19th century, and by the end of the 19th century, the German university model had spread around the world.


Premise: What is Iran's highest mountain?

Hypothesis: It is one of the world's most mountainous countries, its landscape dominated by rugged mountain ranges that separate various basins or plateaux from one another.


Premise: How many stations does Metrorail have?

Hypothesis: Miami's heavy-rail rapid transit system, Metrorail, is an elevated system comprising two lines and 23 stations on a 24.4-mile (39.3 km)-long line.


Premise: In what year did Freddie Mercury die?

Hypothesis: Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh "Freddie" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques.


Premise: Where did the single ancestral population of all the indigenous peoples of the Americas likely develop?

Hypothesis: Indigenous genetic studies suggest that the first inhabitants of the Americas share a single ancestral population, one that developed in isolation, conjectured to be Beringia.


Premise: Why were the first 256 code points made identical to ISO-8859-1?

Hypothesis: Many essentially identical characters were encoded multiple times at different code points to preserve distinctions used by legacy encodings and therefore, allow conversion from those encodings to Unicode (and back) without losing any information.


Premise: When was the Young Turk Revolution?

Hypothesis: Following the Young Turk Revolution in 1908, the Committee of Union and Progress sought to develop a strong Ottoman naval force.


Premise: What percentage did independent companies' energy production increase between 2009 and 2010?

Hypothesis: Between 2009 and 2010, independent companies' energy production increased by 56%, from 2,709 Gigawatt hour in 2009 to 4,232 GWh in 2010.


Premise: Who was Princess Victoria widowed from?

Hypothesis: In 1818 he married Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, a widowed German princess with two children—Carl (1804–1856) and


Premise: What French colony did Great Britain conquer in Queen Anne's War?

Hypothesis: This final war was to give thousands of colonists, including Virginia colonel George Washington, military experience which they put to use during the American Revolutionary War.


Premise: Instead of death, what happened to Romulus?

Hypothesis: Spared a mortal's death, Romulus was mysteriously spirited away and deified.


Premise: What century does football in England date back to?

Hypothesis: Association football in itself does not have a classical history.


Premise: What is Seattle's average December temperature?

Hypothesis: The average window for freezing temperatures is November 16 thru March 10, allowing a growing season of 250 days.


Premise: Many of the Sultans of the Ottoman empire were accomplished at being what?

Hypothesis: Compositionally, it is organised around rhythmic units called usul, which are somewhat similar to meter in Western music, and melodic units called makam, which bear some resemblance to Western musical modes.


Premise: How did the Sumerians build their strong domes?

Hypothesis: The Sumerians also developed the arch, which enabled them to develop a strong type of dome.


Premise: What did Ebert think of 'The Color Purple'?

Hypothesis: In 1985, Spielberg released The Color Purple, an adaptation of Alice Walker's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name, about a generation of empowered African-American women during depression-era America.


Premise: What did John XXIII call for?

Hypothesis: Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini, who later became Pope Paul VI, remarked to Giulio Bevilacqua that "this holy old boy doesn't realise what a hornet's nest he's stirring up".


Premise: Early seventeenth-century Baptists were thought to be influenced by who?

Hypothesis: A minority view is that early seventeenth-century Baptists were influenced by (but not directly connected to) continental Anabaptists.


Premise: Who delineated the "consent of the governed" in Two Treatises of Government (1689)?

Hypothesis: One view of the political changes that occurred during the Enlightenment is that the "consent of the governed" philosophy as delineated by Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1689) represented a paradigm shift from the old governance paradigm under feudalism known as the "divine right of kings".


Premise: When did the right to create ordynacja's happen?

Hypothesis: Ordynacje's of families of Radziwiłł, Zamoyski, Potocki or Lubomirski often rivalled the estates of the king and were important power bases for the magnates.


Premise: What god is Narayana?

Hypothesis: Narayanhity" comes from Narayana, a form of the Hindu god Lord Vishnu, and Hiti, meaning "water spout" (Vishnu's temple is located opposite the palace, and the water spout is located east of the main entrance to the precinct).


Premise: What was the name of Universal's French distribution company?

Hypothesis: In the early 1950s, Universal set up its own distribution company in France, and in the late 1960s, the company also started a production company in Paris, Universal Productions France S.A., although sometimes credited by the name of the distribution company, Universal Pictures France.


Premise: What is thought of as a basic perceptual coding technique?

Hypothesis: Other types of lossy compressors, such as the linear predictive coding (LPC) used with speech, are source-based coders.


Premise: Who is a fully awakened being who has purified his mind of the three poisons of desire, aversion, and ignorance?

Hypothesis: A Buddha is no longer bound by Samsara and has ended the suffering which unawakened people experience in life.


Premise: When did the yuan dynasty start and end?

Hypothesis: In his Kublai Khan: His Life and Times, Rossabi explains that Kublai "created government institutions that either resembled or were the same as the traditional Chinese ones", and he "wished to signal to the Chinese that he intended to adopt the trappings and style of a Chinese ruler".


Premise: What does Hamburger feel the modern concept of separation of church and state is rooted in?

Hypothesis: Critics of the modern concept of the "separation of church and state" argue that it is untethered to anything in the text of the constitution and is contrary to the conception of the phrase as the Founding Fathers understood it.


Premise: As of 2012, how many finalists did American Idol have?

Hypothesis: Since the show's inception in 2002, ten of the fourteen Idol winners, including its first five, have come from the Southern United States.


Premise: Where did anti-semitic attitude spread primarily?

Hypothesis: Moreover, there was also racial antagonism between the small Black, Indian and Jewish communities.


Premise: What is the name of the second largest island of the territory of Norfolk Island?

Hypothesis: Norfolk Island is located in the South Pacific Ocean, east of the Australian mainland.


Premise: Basso continuo and complex tonal counterpoint characterize what type of music?

Hypothesis: The tonalities of major and minor as means for managing dissonance and chromaticism in music took full shape.


Premise: When did enantiornithes become extinct?

Hypothesis: While they were the dominant group of avialans during the Cretaceous period, enantiornithes became extinct along with many other dinosaur groups at the end of the Mesozoic era.


Premise: What economic philosophy was associated with the West?

Hypothesis: Third International Theory considered the U.S. and the Soviet Union as imperialist, thus rejected Western capitalism as well as Eastern bloc communism's atheism.


Premise: what is the purpose of a mailbox provider?

Hypothesis: A mailbox provider is an organization that provides services for hosting electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail boxes.


Premise: Which race was growing faster after the First World War?

Hypothesis: After the First World War, however, it became apparent that the number of mixed-race people was growing at a faster rate than the white population, and by 1930 fear of the "half-caste menace" undermining the White Australia ideal from within was being taken as a serious concern.


Premise: In what place did England finish in the 1990 FIFA World Cup?

Hypothesis: England first appeared at the 1950 FIFA World Cup and have appeared in 14 FIFA World Cups, they are tied for sixth-best in terms of number of wins alongside France and Spain.


Premise: Like a Prayer reflects Madonna's relationship with who?

Hypothesis: Madonna's Italian-Catholic background and her relationship with her parents are reflected in the album Like a Prayer.