Premise: What organization invited Northwestern to become a member in 1917?

Hypothesis: Northwestern fielded its first intercollegiate football team in 1882, later becoming a founding member of the Big Ten Conference.


Premise: It is easy for a prospective user of an encoder to research the best choice because of what factor?

Hypothesis: The MPEG-1 standard does not include a precise specification for an MP3 encoder, but does provide example psychoacoustic models, rate loop, and the like in the non-normative part of the original standard.


Premise: Respiration for insects happens without what?

Hypothesis: Insect respiration is accomplished without lungs.


Premise: Who developed the first mnotor capable of being used for machinery?

Hypothesis: Following Sturgeon's work, a commutator-type direct-current electric motor made with the intention of commercial use was built by the American inventor Thomas Davenport, which he patented in 1837.


Premise: What major typeface font was started by The Times?

Hypothesis: The Times began printing headlines in a new font, Times Modern.


Premise: What traits grew among military men that helped Ali maintain rule?

Hypothesis: The resentment for the military way of life eventually faded from the men and a new ideology took hold, one of nationalism and pride.


Premise: What years did the war last through?

Hypothesis: Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow.


Premise: When was did Washington University open its law school?

Hypothesis: In 1867, the university opened the first private nonsectarian law school west of the Mississippi River.


Premise: What form of expression did the Roman Horace practice?

Hypothesis: The Roman poet Horace mentions another Roman favorite, the olive, in reference to his own diet, which he describes as very simple: "As for me, olives, endives, and smooth mallows provide sustenance.


Premise: What year did Gadstone return to power?

Hypothesis: His government was weak, and the following year Lord Salisbury replaced him.


Premise: What frequencies is associated with shorter wavelengths?

Hypothesis: But if the ground has irregularities not small compared to the wavelength, reflections will not be coherent but shifted by random phases.


Premise: What is the aftermath of infrequent errors during intracellular assembly of virus particles?

Hypothesis: Plasmid-mediated transfer of host bacterial DNA also appears to be an accidental process rather than a bacterial adaptation.


Premise: Whose modified proposal was adopted?

Hypothesis: The reform adopted was a modification of a proposal made by the Calabrian doctor Aloysius Lilius (or Lilio).


Premise: When did Rousseau visit Britain?

Hypothesis: Although he did not meet Rousseau on his visit to Britain in 1766–7


Premise: Who started construction on the Gelati Monastery?

Hypothesis: Began by king David IV and completed by his son Demetrius I of Georgia, the fragmentary panel depicts Theotokos flanked by two archangels.


Premise: What was the playing surface of the blue amerbol cylinder discs made of?

Hypothesis: By 1919 the basic patents for the manufacture of lateral-cut disc records had expired, opening the field for countless companies to produce them.


Premise: In what year did New Haven commission the City Beautiful plan?

Hypothesis: Cass Gilbert, of the Beaux-Arts school, designed New Haven's Union Station and the New Haven Free Public Library and was also commissioned for a City Beautiful plan in 1919.


Premise: What was considered a problem in the Roman Republic during its last century?

Hypothesis: From the outset, Rome's military typified this pattern and the majority of Rome's wars were characterized by one of two types.


Premise: What is the exact setting for FM News & Talk?

Hypothesis: Star 94.1, FM 94/9, FM News and Talk 95.7, Q96 96.1, KyXy 96.5, Free Radio San Diego (AKA Pirate Radio San Diego) 96.9FM FRSD, KSON 97.3/92.1, KXSN 98.1, Jack-FM 100.7, 101.5 KGB-FM, KLVJ 102.1, Rock 105.3, and another Pirate Radio station at 106.9FM, as well as a number of local Spanish-language radio stations.


Premise: What is the STA?

Hypothesis: The Somali Telecommunication Association (STA), a watchdog organization that oversees the policy development and regulatory framework of Somalia's ICT sector, reported in 2006 that there were over half a million users of internet services within the territory.


Premise: In how many ways can one define luminous efficacy of a light source?

Hypothesis: Not all wavelengths of visible electromagnetic energy are equally effective at stimulating the human eye; the luminous efficacy of radiant energy (LER) is a measure of how well the distribution of energy matches the perception of the eye.


Premise: What are some examples of classical pianists from Portugal?

Hypothesis: In the classical music domain, Portugal is represented by names as the pianists Artur Pizarro, Maria João Pires, Sequeira Costa, the violinists Carlos Damas, Gerardo Ribeiro and in the past by the great cellist Guilhermina Suggia.


Premise: When was the emergence of the Greek spoken dialect believed to have started ?

Hypothesis: Many of these regions coincided to a large extent with the borders of the Byzantine Empire of the late 11th century and the Eastern Mediterranean areas of ancient Greek colonization.


Premise: In what time period did the genocide of Greeks take place?

Hypothesis: These events overlapped, with both happening during the Greek genocide (1914-1922), a period during which, according to various sources, Ottoman and Turkish officials contributed to the death of several hundred thousand Asia Minor Greeks.


Premise: What did Tuvalu refuse to sell in 2015?

Hypothesis: Tuvalu and the other members of the Pacific Island Forum Fisheries Agency (FFA) and the United States have settled a tuna fishing deal for 2015; a longer term deal will be negotiated.


Premise: What was the name of the satellite from which the BBC's signal was sent?

Hypothesis: In March 2003 the BBC announced that from the end of May 2003 (subsequently deferred to 14 July) it intended to transmit all eight of its domestic television channels (including the 15 regional variations of BBC 1) unencrypted from the Astra 2D satellite.


Premise: What are the components of a bipolar transistor?

Hypothesis: A bipolar transistor has terminals labeled base, collector, and emitter.


Premise: Where is the New England Aquarium located?

Hypothesis: The Boston Athenaeum (one of the oldest independent libraries in the United States), Boston Children's Museum, Bull & Finch Pub (whose building is known from the television show Cheers), Museum of Science, and the New England Aquarium are within the city.


Premise: Who won the 2010 Betty Trask Prize?

Hypothesis: Young upstart Nadifa Mohamed was also awarded the 2010 Betty Trask Prize.


Premise: What was lacking in the presentation of religious events in Rome?

Hypothesis: In the later Empire under Christian rule, the new Christian festivals were incorporated into the existing framework of the Roman calendar, alongside at least some of the traditional festivals.


Premise: What famous ship was the soviet union getting the plans for?

Hypothesis: The Soviets were to receive a naval cruiser, the plans to the battleship Bismarck, heavy naval guns, other naval gear and thirty of Germany's latest warplanes, including the Me-109 and Me-110 fighters and Ju-88 bomber.


Premise: The thermal category of pain deals with which two temperature ranges?

Hypothesis: The most common categories are "thermal" (e.g. heat or cold), "mechanical" (e.g. crushing, tearing, shearing, etc.) and "chemical" (e.g. iodine in a cut or chemicals released during inflammation).


Premise: What is available in few cities?

Hypothesis: Private FM stations are also available in few cities like Shimla.


Premise: What is the rating for the hardness of Hyderabad's water?

Hypothesis: The contribution of different sources to air pollution in 2006 was: 20–50% from vehicles, 40–70% from a combination of vehicle discharge and road dust, 10–30% from industrial discharges and 3–10% from the burning of household rubbish.


Premise: Which part of Greece is the most visited?

Hypothesis: Northern Greece is the country's most-visited geographical region, with 6.5 million tourists, while Central Greece is second with 6.3 million.


Premise: What genre of films will Gramercy be responsible for creating?

Hypothesis: In May 2015, Gramercy Pictures was revived by Focus Features as a genre label, that concentrated on action, sci-fi, and horror films.


Premise: Why was this classification made?

Hypothesis: Chinese people who arrived in the country after the end of apartheid do not qualify for such benefits.


Premise: What institution has contributed to the growth of fuel biotechnology?

Hypothesis: The presence of the University of California, San Diego and other research institutions has helped to fuel biotechnology growth.


Premise: Who are the only screenwriters Spielberg has worked with on more than one film?

Hypothesis: A famous example of Spielberg working with the same professionals is his long-time collaboration with John Williams and the use of his musical scores in all of his films since The Sugarland Express (except Bridge of Spies, The Color Purple and Twilight Zone: The Movie).


Premise: Some schools within Buddhism discourage what type of study?

Hypothesis: Buddhist scholars have produced a number of intellectual theories, philosophies and world view concepts (see, for example, Abhidharma, Buddhist philosophy and Reality in Buddhism).


Premise: From what colony did the original 500 Puritan settlers originate?

Hypothesis: These settlers were hoping to establish a (in their mind) better theological community, with the government more closely linked to the church than the one they left in Massachusetts and sought to take advantage of the excellent port capabilities of the harbor.


Premise: What single year did Windows 95 use to apply rules to Israel's time changes?

Hypothesis: Windows 95 used rules correct for 1995 only, causing problems in later years.


Premise: Where does London rank in terms of metropolitan area GDP?

Hypothesis: London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe, and a 2014 report placed it first in the world university rankings.


Premise: What may have been North Korea's goal in the way they rapidly withdrew from South Korea?

Hypothesis: On 30 September, Zhou Enlai warned the United States that China was prepared to intervene in Korea if the United States crossed the 38th parallel.


Premise: What is the street address if the Greyhound bus terminal in Richmond?

Hypothesis: Richmond is a major hub for intercity bus company Greyhound Lines, with its terminal at 2910 N Boulevard.


Premise: What was the abbey's annual income as of 2016?

Hypothesis: (£1,310,000 to £1,530,000 as of 2016), during the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries rendered it second in wealth only to Glastonbury Abbey.


Premise: What was the group that Friedman and Hayek supported later renamed to?

Hypothesis: Hayek had made contact with many at the U. of Chicago in the 1940s, with Hayek's The Road to Serfdom playing a seminal role in transforming how Milton Friedman and others understood how society works.


Premise: What part of a halogen light bulb supplies electric current?

Hypothesis: The light bulb is supplied with electric current by feed-through terminals or wires embedded in the glass.


Premise: Who first began dividing foods into categories?

Hypothesis: With a reputation as the leading organic chemist of his day but with no credentials in animal physiology, Liebig grew rich making food extracts like beef bouillon and infant formula that were later found to be of questionable nutritious value.


Premise: How are some male and female parts separated for some species?

Hypothesis: While the majority of flowers are perfect or hermaphrodite (having both pollen and ovule producing parts in the same flower structure), flowering plants have developed numerous morphological and physiological mechanisms to reduce or prevent self-fertilization.


Premise: Who shares power in Northern Ireland?

Hypothesis: Governance in the norm is by majority rule, however, Northern Ireland uses a system of power sharing whereby unionists and nationalists share executive posts proportionately and where the assent of both groups are required for the Northern Ireland Assembly to make certain decisions.


Premise: On what day did Bell get to Washington?

Hypothesis: There is considerable debate about who arrived first and Gray later challenged the primacy of Bell's patent.


Premise: How many people dwell in  Myanmar ?

Hypothesis: The country's 2014 census revealed a much lower population than expected, with 51 million people recorded.


Premise: What subject did Hayek's works influence and inspire?

Hypothesis: With the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins.


Premise: The website, thetimes.co.uk, is aimed at what kind of reader?

Hypothesis: There are now two websites: thetimes.co.uk is aimed at daily readers, and the thesundaytimes.co.uk site at providing weekly magazine-like content.


Premise: What method of spread can occur in antibacterial resistance?

Hypothesis: The spread of antibacterial resistance often occurs through vertical transmission of mutations during growth and by genetic recombination of DNA by horizontal genetic exchange.


Premise: According to the Maplecroft Child Labour Index how many countries post risks for child labour?

Hypothesis: Of the major growth economies, Maplecroft ranked Philippines 25th riskiest, India 27th, China 36th, Viet Nam 37th, Indonesia 46th, and Brazil 54th - all of them rated to involve extreme risks of child labour uncertainties, to corporations seeking to invest in developing world and import products from emerging markets.


Premise: How had the Vandals earned their strong reputation?

Hypothesis: The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force.


Premise: In what year do most  Scholars agree the Italian Unification ended?

Hypothesis: Italian unification was the political and social movement that annexed different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy in the 19th century.


Premise: Who said something about tyranny?

Hypothesis: The Nigerian newspaper Leadership reported that while many Libyans and Africans would mourn Gaddafi, this would be ignored by western media and that as such it would take 50 years before historians decided whether he was "martyr or villain."


Premise: What party did Walpole belong to?

Hypothesis: From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years.


Premise: What thriller film did Beyonce star in?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé starred opposite Ali Larter and Idris Elba in the thriller, Obsessed.


Premise: What is the average family size in the city of Ann Arbor?

Hypothesis: The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.90.


Premise: What is the term for a situation in which the president and prime minister come from different political parties?

Hypothesis: When it arises, such a state of affairs is usually referred to as (political) cohabitation.


Premise: Which interface did Famicom use?

Hypothesis: While the NES used a 72-pin interface, the Famicom system used a 60-pin design.


Premise: What form of Federalism is characterized by where sovereignty resides in the whole?

Hypothesis: This clarified definition opens the way to identifying two distinct federal forms, where before only one was known, based upon whether sovereignty resides in the whole (in one people) or in the parts (in many peoples): the federal state (or federation) and the federal union of states (or federal union), respectively.


Premise: What natural obsticles stalled the Japanese offensive against the Chinese?

Hypothesis: The Japanese found its aggression against the retreating and regrouping Chinese army was stalled by the mountainous terrain in southwestern China while the Communists organised widespread guerrilla and saboteur activities in northern and eastern China behind the Japanese front line.


Premise: What has the NRA always maintained that being in the field with your firearm is?

Hypothesis: As a representative of the National Rifle Association (NRA) explained, "The NRA has always maintained that fair chase, being in the field with your firearm or bow, is an important element of hunting tradition.


Premise: Is Southampton's crime rate higher or lower than the national average?

Hypothesis: In the violence against the person category, the national average is 16.7 per 1000 population while Southampton is 42.4 per 1000 population.


Premise: When was pepsi-Cola first produced?

Hypothesis: Another fast-food chain, Bojangles', was started in Charlotte, and has its corporate headquarters there.


Premise: What profession does Frank Lambert have?

Hypothesis: "Religious freedom resulted from an alliance of unlikely partners," writes the historian Frank Lambert in his book The Founding Fathers and the Place of Religion in America.


Premise: What kind of plants are gymnosperms?

Hypothesis: Angiosperms are seed-producing plants that produce flowers and have enclosed seeds.


Premise: Charles de La Valette was a devoted and leading member of what party?

Hypothesis: The immediate chain of events leading to France and the United Kingdom declaring war on Russia on 27 and 28 March 1854 came from the ambition of the French emperor Napoleon III to restore the grandeur of France.


Premise: What was needed to replace an iPod Nano battery?

Hypothesis: Fifth generation iPods have their battery attached to the backplate with adhesive.


Premise: The Community Party of China gained power in China, what year did it happen?

Hypothesis: Today the Communist Party of China claims to be the largest political party in the world, with eighty million members.


Premise: what is an example of Whitehead's ideas being counter-intuitive?

Hypothesis: Deleuze's and Latour's opinions, however, are minority ones, as Whitehead has not been recognized as particularly influential within the most dominant philosophical schools.


Premise: Who gave John Couch Adams extra data?

Hypothesis: In 1843, John Couch Adams began work on the orbit of Uranus using the data he had.


Premise: What state are the protons in when in the orthohydrogen form?

Hypothesis: In the orthohydrogen form, the spins of the two protons are parallel and form a triplet state with a molecular spin quantum number of 1 (1⁄2+1⁄2); in the parahydrogen form the spins are antiparallel and form a singlet with a molecular spin quantum number of 0


Premise: How are capacitors used for for power factor correction prepared?

Hypothesis: Such capacitors often come as three capacitors connected as a three phase load.


Premise: What label for the Greek market were artists on under the Sony umbrella?

Hypothesis: Albums released by Sony Music in Greece from domestic and foreign artists are carried by Feelgood Records.


Premise: Who gained the most from the Karabakh War?

Hypothesis: By the time both Azerbaijan and Armenia had finally agreed to a ceasefire in 1994, an estimated 30,000 people had been killed and over a million had been displaced.


Premise: When was the Calendar act enacted?

Hypothesis: Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gregorian calendar, there is some confusion as to what these terms mean.


Premise: What drug company has a major presence in Tucson?

Hypothesis: The City of Tucson, Pima County, the State of Arizona, and the private sector have all made commitments to create a growing, healthy economy[citation needed] with advanced technology industry sectors as its foundation.


Premise: When did Chopin last appear in public?

Hypothesis: By this time he was very seriously ill, weighing under 99 pounds (i.e. less than 45 kg), and his doctors were aware that his sickness was at a terminal stage.


Premise: How many code points are tamil and Devanagari allocated?

Hypothesis: Indic scripts such as Tamil and Devanagari are each allocated only 128 code points, matching the ISCII standard.


Premise: What type of music does Sirusho perform?

Hypothesis: Certain Armenians settled to sing non-Armenian tunes such as the heavy metal band System of a Down (which nonetheless often incorporates traditional Armenian instrumentals and styling into their songs) or pop star Cher.


Premise: Should alcohol be used while on antibiotics?

Hypothesis: While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects.


Premise: In how many FIFA world cups has England appeared?

Hypothesis: The England team won their first and only World Cup title in 1966.


Premise: What is France's oldest operating news agency?

Hypothesis: Agence France-Presse is France's oldest, and one of the world's oldest, continually operating news agencies.


Premise: Freemasons trace their origins to what?

Hypothesis: Freemasonry consists of fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local fraternities of stonemasons, which from the end of the fourteenth century regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients.


Premise: What territory did Israel attack in 1955?

Hypothesis: Nasser made secret contacts with Israel in 1954–55, but determined that peace with Israel would be impossible, considering it an "expansionist state that viewed the Arabs with disdain".


Premise: In about 260 AD, what forced the people of Roman towns to find shelter in Roman fortresses?

Hypothesis: In about 260 AD, the fall of the Agri Decumates territory north of the Rhine transformed today's Switzerland into a frontier land of the Empire.


Premise: What happens when scientists try to apply science to sort out social differences?

Hypothesis: There are no bright lines (that would stand out), if we could compare all the sequenced genomes of everyone on the planet."


Premise: What was created when the Prussians defeated Austria??

Hypothesis: As German nationalism grew strongly inside the German Confederation and neither could decide on how Germany was going to be unified into a nation-state.


Premise: What did these children do on that day?

Hypothesis: The surviving children, who were mostly living in relief centres, performed ceremonies marking the special day, but also acknowledging the earthquake.


Premise: What are some connection settings in Windows 8?

Hypothesis: Carriers can also offer account management systems through Windows Store apps, which can be automatically installed as a part of the connection process and offer usage statistics on their respective tile.


Premise: How simple is the process of transformation?

Hypothesis: The development of competence in nature is usually associated with stressful environmental conditions, and seems to be an adaptation for facilitating repair of DNA damage in recipient cells.


Premise: How many students attended the Bronx public and private schools as of 2000?

Hypothesis: Education in the Bronx is provided by a large number of public and private institutions, many of which draw students who live beyond the Bronx.


Premise: Who were the main competitors that  had a monopoly of the spice trade in Malaccan?

Hypothesis: The Dutch were aggressive competitors and had meanwhile expanded their monopoly of the spice trade in the Malaccan straits by ousting the Portuguese in 1640–41.


Premise: What was the award in 1998 for?

Hypothesis: In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a poetry anthology and exhibition of Aboriginal photography.


Premise: The choirboys of the abbey are trained where?

Hypothesis: Westminster School and Westminster Abbey Choir School are also in the precincts of the abbey.


Premise: What buildings were originally rectangle wood structures?

Hypothesis: It seems that the first peripteral temples were rectangle wooden structures.


Premise: What specific institution did Barnes indicate could not be a rival of the Royal Institute?

Hypothesis: Soon after the passing of the 1931 Act, in the book published on the occasion of the Institute's centenary celebration in 1934, Harry Barnes, FRIBA, Chairman of the Registration Committee, mentioned that ARCUK could not be a rival of any architectural association, least of all the RIBA, given the way ARCUK was constituted.


Premise: what was an earlier technology used to connect to the internet?

Hypothesis: Available technologies have ranged from computer modems with acoustic couplers to telephone lines, to television cable (CATV), wireless Ethernet (wi-fi), and fiber optics.


Premise: What does the capacitor on the second winding of a squirrel cage motor do?

Hypothesis: In single phase squirrel cage motors, the primary winding within the motor housing is not capable of starting a rotational motion on the rotor, but is capable of sustaining one.


Premise: What major airline resides at the airport?

Hypothesis: The island is outside the United States customs zone so Guam is responsible for establishing and operating its own customs and quarantine agency and jurisdiction.


Premise: in the interstellar medium, what state is hydrogen in?

Hypothesis: Throughout the universe, hydrogen is mostly found in the atomic and plasma states whose properties are quite different from molecular hydrogen.


Premise: Who reigned during the most affluent period of Bourbon rule?

Hypothesis: The 18th century was the age of the Enlightenment in Europe, and its humanistic ideals influenced such men as Gregory Maians and Perez Bayer in Valencia, who maintained correspondence with the leading French and German thinkers of the time.


Premise: Where did the reporters say they saw cracks on walls of some buildings?

Hypothesis: Many Beijing office towers were evacuated, including the building housing the media offices for the organizers of the 2008 Summer Olympics.


Premise: Where is the Information Management Group located?

Hypothesis: Within the group, this operational role is fulfilled by the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group, headquartered at CFS Leitrim in Ottawa, which operates the following units: the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group Headquarters (CFIOGHQ), the Canadian Forces Electronic Warfare Centre (CFEWC), the Canadian Forces Network Operation Centre (CFNOC), the Canadian Forces Signals Intelligence Operations Centre (CFSOC), the Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Leitrim, and the 764 Communications Squadron.


Premise: Why did a regional referendum in 1996 to merge Berlin with surrounding Brandenburg fail?

Hypothesis: A regional referendum in 1996 to merge Berlin with surrounding Brandenburg as "Berlin-Brandenburg" failed to reach the necessary majority vote in Brandenburg, while a majority of Berliners voted in favour of the merger.


Premise: Which English city had a population greater than 40,000 in 1500?

Hypothesis: Cities were also decimated by the Black Death, but the role of urban areas as centres of learning, commerce and government ensured continued growth.


Premise: What is a bicameral legislature?

Hypothesis: Where a federation has a bicameral legislature the upper house is often used to represent the component states while the lower house represents the people of the nation as a whole.


Premise: What is the name of the area of land around Nanjing?

Hypothesis: Nanjing, with a total land area of 6,598 square kilometres (2,548 sq mi), is situated in the heartland of drainage area of lower reaches of Yangtze River, and in Yangtze River Delta, one of the largest economic zones of China.


Premise: Who did Joseph Lister base his work off of?

Hypothesis: However, Semmelweis' findings were not appreciated by his contemporaries and came into use only with discoveries by British surgeon Joseph Lister, who in 1865 proved the principles of antisepsis.


Premise: What US court dismissed the Puerto Rican case for information crucial to their own investigation of Filiberto Ojeda Ríos's killing?

Hypothesis: The case was dismissed by the U.S Supreme Court.


Premise: What floor were the main receptions rooms generally located?

Hypothesis: In grand houses, an entrance hall led to steps up to a piano nobile or mezzanine floor where the main reception rooms were.


Premise: Along with urban adult contemporary and smooth jazz, what station format might feature music from Sade?

Hypothesis: Some soft AC and urban AC stations like to play smooth jazz on the weekends.


Premise: What doctrine rejects the idea of permanent self?

Hypothesis: Buddhists also refer to themselves as the believers of the anatta doctrine—Nairatmyavadin or Anattavadin.


Premise: Which organisms are known as primary consumers?

Hypothesis: Secondary consumers are a type of carnivore, but there are also tertiary consumers eating these carnivores, quartary consumers eating them, and so forth.


Premise: What year did non hispanic whites once again become the majority of the population?

Hypothesis: In 2006, the US Census Bureau estimated that non-Hispanic whites again formed a slight majority.


Premise: What are the main subjects that are covered by the instructor?

Hypothesis: Studies from the United States suggest that the quality of teachers is the single most important factor affecting student performance, and that countries which score highly on international tests have multiple policies in place to ensure that the teachers they employ are as effective as possible.


Premise: Mystic Rabbi Elijah of Chelm is from what century?

Hypothesis: Further evidence of German communities in the holy city comes in the form of halakhic questions sent from Germany to Jerusalem during the second half of the 11th century.


Premise: What is the range of Melbourne's dewpoint temperatures in the summer?

Hypothesis: Dewpoint temperatures in the summer range from 9.5 °C (49.1 °F) to 11.7 °C (53.1 °F).


Premise: What is lavash?

Hypothesis: Lavash is a very popular Armenian flat bread, and Armenian paklava is a popular dessert made from filo dough.


Premise: Approximately how many languages are spoken in the Greater London area?

Hypothesis: The city's metropolitan area is one of the most populous in Europe with 13,879,757 inhabitants,[note 4] while the Greater London Authority states the population of the city-region (covering a large part of the south east) as 22.7 million.


Premise: What was anyone who received federal funding of any sort required to do under the Executive Order?

Hypothesis: In June 1963, President Kennedy continued his policy of affirmative action by issuing another mandate, Executive Order 11114.


Premise: What formation is located in Quebec?

Hypothesis: The RCN participates in NATO exercises and operations, and ships are deployed all over the world in support of multinational deployments.


Premise: How many techniques are available because of ISO 12232:2006?

Hypothesis: Three of the techniques in ISO 12232:2006 are carried over from the 1998 version of the standard, while two new techniques allowing for measurement of JPEG output files are introduced from CIPA DC-004.


Premise: What theory was developed by Arnold?

Hypothesis: : Classic and Contemporary Readings (Oxford, 2003); Peter Goldie (1946–2011), a British philosopher who specialized in ethics, aesthetics, emotion, mood and character; Nico Frijda (1927–2015), a Dutch psychologist who advanced the theory that human emotions serve to promote a tendency to undertake actions that are appropriate in the circumstances, detailed in his book The Emotions (1986).


Premise: What type of musicians were artists such as Diana Ross, James Taylor, Carly Simon, Carole King and Janis Ian?

Hypothesis: Much of the music recorded by singer-songwriters such as Diana Ross, James Taylor, Carly Simon, Carole King and Janis Ian got as much, if not more, airplay on this format than on Top 40 stations.


Premise: What is the center of North Carolina called?

Hypothesis: The Piedmont Triad, or center of the state, is home to Krispy Kreme, Mayberry, Texas Pete, the Lexington Barbecue Festival, and Moravian cookies.


Premise: What dynasty came before the Han dynasty?

Hypothesis: It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han, and briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) of the former regent Wang Mang.


Premise: What other countries have successful democracies?

Hypothesis: A common language between lawyers of common law and civil law countries as well as between legal communities of developed and developing countries is critically important for research of links between the rule of law and real economy.


Premise: In which period did North and South america join?

Hypothesis: South and North America remained separated by equatorial seas (they joined during the Neogene); the components of the former southern supercontinent Gondwana continued to split apart, with Africa, South America, Antarctica and Australia pulling away from each other.


Premise: Rather than political, what was Victoria's monarchy seen as?

Hypothesis: The concept of the "family monarchy", with which the burgeoning middle classes could identify, was solidified.


Premise: What was the average per-game attendance in 2007?

Hypothesis: From the start of the 2004 season until the final season of the original league in 2008, average attendance was above 12,000, with 12,392 in 2007.


Premise: What association founded the Avery Normal Institute?

Hypothesis: General William T. Sherman lent his support to the conversion of the United States Arsenal into the Porter Military Academy, an educational facility for former soldiers and boys left orphaned or destitute by the war.


Premise: What was distinctly made by Nintendo, Konami, and Acclaim?

Hypothesis: For promotion of DuckTales: Remastered, Capcom sent 150 limited-edition gold NES cartridges with the original game, featuring the Remastered art as the sticker, to different gaming news agencies.


Premise: What fossil evidence is lacking when it comes to flowers?

Hypothesis: Several groups of extinct gymnosperms, in particular seed ferns, have been proposed as the ancestors of flowering plants, but there is no continuous fossil evidence showing exactly how flowers evolved.


Premise: What is the most famous pharmaceutical company in Cork?

Hypothesis: Its main area of industry is pharmaceuticals, with Pfizer Inc. and Swiss company Novartis being big employers in the region.


Premise: What is the name of the ballet that included Chopin's work?

Hypothesis: Sergei Diaghilev commissioned additional orchestrations—from Stravinsky, Anatoly Lyadov, Sergei Taneyev and Nikolai Tcherepnin—for later productions, which used the title Les Sylphides.


Premise: Who helped to further the movement away from Scholasticism of the time?

Hypothesis: Thus, the stage was set for the adoption of an approach to natural philosophy, based on empirical observations and experimentation of the physical universe, making possible the advent of the age of scientific inquiry that followed the Renaissance.


Premise: What is Detroit's charter called?

Hypothesis: Since voters approved the city's charter in 1974, Detroit has had a "strong mayoral" system, with the mayor approving departmental appointments.


Premise: What other non-functional dimensions can cause software to underperform and cause other problems?

Hypothesis: This means that the number of defects in a software product can be very large and defects that occur infrequently are difficult to find in testing.


Premise: What Swiss holiday is celebrated on August 1st every year?

Hypothesis: The establishment of the Swiss Confederation is traditionally dated to 1 August 1291, which is celebrated annually as the Swiss National Day.


Premise: Who invaded Tibet?

Hypothesis: However, when they ceased to pay tribute after Genghis Khan's death, his successor Ögedei Khan (r. 1229–1241) launched an invasion into Tibet.


Premise: To what city did the Tulsa Talons relocate?

Hypothesis: The Tulsa Talons moved to San Antonio, Texas and Jeffrey Vinik became owner of the Tampa Bay Storm.


Premise: When was a new sarcophagus made for him?

Hypothesis: A new sarcophagus with an effigy was made for him in 1232, in which his remains now rest.


Premise: Both telephone and internet services are subject to what?

Hypothesis: Since all international telephone and internet communications are relying on this single satellite link both internet and telephone service are subject to sun outages.


Premise: Aside from being defined as a meeting hall, what other definition does falekaupule have?

Hypothesis: Another important building is the falekaupule or maneapa the traditional island meeting hall, where important matters are discussed and which is also used for wedding celebrations and community activities such as a fatele involving music, singing and dancing.


Premise: When was the Luria-Delbruck experiment?

Hypothesis: The emergence of resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a common phenomenon.


Premise: When was the General Post Office built?

Hypothesis: Wilkins and Robert Smirke went on to build some of the most important buildings of the era, including the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden (1808–09), the General Post Office (1824–29) and the British Museum (1823–48), Wilkins University College London (1826–30) and the National Gallery (1832–38).


Premise: What are teeth made out of?

Hypothesis: This is the ability of sensation when chewing, for example if we were to bite into something too hard for our teeth, such as a chipped plate mixed in food, our teeth send a message to our brain and we realise that it cannot be chewed, so we stop trying.


Premise: What are some factors to consider in calculating operating costs of lighting?

Hypothesis: A comparison of incandescent lamp operating cost with other light sources must include illumination requirements, cost of the lamp and labor cost to replace lamps (taking into account effective lamp lifetime), cost of electricity used, effect of lamp operation on heating and air conditioning systems.


Premise: When did the Cremyll-Stonehouse ferry first operate?

Hypothesis: There is a passenger ferry between Stonehouse and the Cornish hamlet of Cremyll, which is believed to have operated continuously since 1204.


Premise: Which agency regulates safety of pesticides in the US?

Hypothesis: Each use of a pesticide carries some associated risk.


Premise: Who first suggested daylight saving?

Hypothesis: New Zealander George Hudson proposed the modern idea of daylight saving in 1895.


Premise: What almost killed Gautama in his pursuit?

Hypothesis: He next attempted an extreme asceticism, which was a religious pursuit common among the śramaṇas, a religious culture distinct from the Vedic one.


Premise: How much did Spectre make in its opening in South Korea?

Hypothesis: It topped the German-speaking Switzerland box office for four weeks and in the Netherlands, it has held the No. 1 spot for seven weeks straight where it has topped Minions to become the top movie of the year.


Premise: The nation of Ghana shortens university to what?

Hypothesis: In Ghana, New Zealand and in South Africa it is sometimes called "varsity" (although this has become uncommon in New Zealand in recent years).


Premise: What operation began in January 1991?

Hypothesis: In January 1991 Operation Desert Storm commenced, a U.S.-led coalition which deployed over 500,000 troops, the bulk of them from U.S. Army formations, to drive out Iraqi forces.


Premise: Who has spread the teachings of the Baptists to each continent?

Hypothesis: Baptist missionaries have spread their church to every continent.


Premise: What are cladding layers?

Hypothesis: Aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN) of varying Al/Ga fraction can be used to manufacture the cladding and quantum


Premise: Who investigated the agreement between the Premier League and Sky in 2002?

Hypothesis: An investigation by the Office of Fair Trading in 2002 found BSkyB to be dominant within the pay TV sports market, but concluded that there were insufficient grounds for the claim that BSkyB had abused its dominant position.


Premise: Who did Rolpe Dorje send as envoys to court in Nanjing?

Hypothesis: The Hongwu Emperor also entrusted his guru Zongluo, one of many Buddhist monks at court, to head a religious mission into Tibet in 1378–1382 in order to obtain Buddhist texts.


Premise: What is another name for Ninth Avenue?

Hypothesis: west from the intersection of Amsterdam Avenue (Tenth Avenue) and terminates at the intersection of Riverside Drive.


Premise: What kind of poetry inspired Ottoman Divan Poetry?

Hypothesis: Ottoman Divan poetry was a highly ritualized and symbolic art form.


Premise: Where did Elihu Yale grow up?

Hypothesis: In 1718, at the behest of either Rector Samuel Andrew or the colony's Governor Gurdon Saltonstall, Cotton Mather contacted a successful businessman named Elihu Yale, who lived in Wales but had been born in Boston and whose father, David, had been one of the original settlers in New Haven, to ask him for financial help in constructing a new building for the college.


Premise: Which government was in power before the Soviet regime?

Hypothesis: The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution.


Premise: What famous Roman figure visited Greece in 66 AD?

Hypothesis: The Roman Emperor Nero visited Greece in AD 66, and performed at the Ancient Olympic Games, despite the rules against non-Greek participation.


Premise: When was the Battle of Ipsus?

Hypothesis: Seleucus arrived in time to save Lysimachus and utterly crushed Antigonus at the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BCE.


Premise: How does one become a Freemason?

Hypothesis: The process varies between jurisdictions, but the candidate will typically have been introduced by a friend at a Lodge social function, or at some form of open evening in the Lodge.


Premise: What topics of emphasis are contained in the Brown School Library collection?

Hypothesis: The Brown School Library collects materials on many topics, with specific emphasis on: children, youth, and families; gerontology; health; mental health; social and economic development; family therapy; and management.


Premise: From what state did the proposed council come from?

Hypothesis: It was announced on 19 March 2015 that self-governance for the island would be revoked by the Commonwealth and replaced by a local council with the state of New South Wales providing services to the island.


Premise: How many groups are FETs split into?

Hypothesis: Also, both devices operate in the depletion mode, they both have a high input impedance, and they both conduct current under the control of an input voltage.


Premise: In the same study, how much more likely was someone from Kentucky to tune into the show?

Hypothesis: Data from Nielsen SoundScan, a music-sales tracking service, showed that of the 47 million CDs sold by Idol contestants through January 2010, 85 percent were by contestants with ties to the American South.


Premise: Where is Emosson located?

Hypothesis: In Emosson in Valais, Switzerland, dinosaur tracks were found in the 1970s, dating probably from the Triassic Period.


Premise: Who would improvise musical ornaments in the Baroque era?

Hypothesis: In the Baroque era, organ performers would improvise preludes, keyboard performers playing harpsichord would improvise chords from the figured bass symbols beneath the bass notes of the basso continuo part and both vocal and instrumental performers would improvise musical ornaments.


Premise: What attributes make universal motors desireable for consumer applications like hair dryers?

Hypothesis: This makes them useful for appliances such as blenders, vacuum cleaners, and hair dryers where high speed and light weight are desirable.


Premise: In what year was Hugh Capet elected as king?

Hypothesis: In 987 Hugh Capet, Count of Paris (comte de Paris), Duke of the Franks (duc des Francs) was elected King of the Franks (roi des Franks).


Premise: When did Seattle have hurricane type winds and heavy rains?

Hypothesis: Lack of adaptation to the heavy rain contributed to five deaths and widespread flooding and damage.


Premise: What competition sparked the rivalry with Manchester?

Hypothesis: Arsenal's longest-running and deepest rivalry is with their nearest major neighbours, Tottenham Hotspur; matches between the two are referred to as North London derbies.


Premise: What acts are included in communication between parties?

Hypothesis: These acts may take many forms, in one of the various manners of communication.


Premise: What caused population growth to decline  in the 1980s?

Hypothesis: In the late 1980s, the city's economy suffered from the nationwide recession.


Premise: Illegally killing, capturing or trapping an hunted species is called what?

Hypothesis: Hunting is the practice of killing or trapping any animal, or pursuing or tracking it with the intent of doing so.


Premise: What was one reason for the large amounts of immigration of religious refugees from other parts of Europe?

Hypothesis: The extent to which different religions or denominations were persecuted depended much on the time period and regional or city leaders.


Premise: Along with the ancient Phoenicians, Egyptians and Babylonians, what ancient people regarded myrrh as a luxury?

Hypothesis: In antiquity, the ancestors of the Somali people were an important link in the Horn of Africa connecting the region's commerce with the rest of the ancient world.


Premise: How many people marched on January 11 against terrorism?

Hypothesis: On 11 January an estimated 1.5 million people marched in Paris–along with international political leaders–to show solidarity against terrorism and in defence of freedom of speech.


Premise: How many people did the Plymouth unitary authority gain between 2001 and 2011?

Hypothesis: From the 2011 Census, the Office for National Statistics published that Plymouth's unitary authority area population was 256,384; 15,664 more people than that of the last census from 2001, which indicated that Plymouth had a population of 240,720.


Premise: What percentage increase in passenger traffic did Richmond International experience between 2005 and 2006?

Hypothesis: Richmond International is now served by nine airlines with over 200 daily flights providing non-stop service to major destination markets and connecting flights to destinations worldwide.


Premise: What was the concept for 'Interstellar'?

Hypothesis: The screenwriter suggested the addition of a "time element" to the treatment's basic idea, which was welcomed by Obst and Thorne.


Premise: How long did it take to finish the wall?

Hypothesis: The present-day City Wall of Nanjing was mainly built during that time and today it remains in good condition and has been well preserved.


Premise: Why did the construction of the Fine Arts Palace take so long?

Hypothesis: Its construction began during the presidency of Porfirio Díaz and ended in 1934, after being interrupted by the Mexican Revolution in the 1920s.


Premise: What has pleased western historians?

Hypothesis: The borders did expand and contract but they were always dynamic and always in "question" right from the beginning.


Premise: Who amassed in large scale against protesters?

Hypothesis: In San Francisco, the number of supporters were much more than the number of protesters, and in Australia, Japan, South Korea, the counter-protesters overwhelmed the protesters.


Premise: What do the topics of the shows put on at the tablados typically relate to?

Hypothesis: Traditionally formed by men and now starting to be open to women, the different Carnival groups (Murgas, Lubolos or Parodistas) perform a kind of popular opera at the tablados, singing and dancing songs that generally relate to the social and political situation.


Premise: What year was Bern founded?

Hypothesis: According to 14th century historiography (Cronica de Berno, 1309), Bern was founded in 1191 by Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen.


Premise: What helps pilots find the direction to the airport?

Hypothesis: In poor weather, pilots will use an instrument landing system (ILS) to find the runway and fly the correct approach, even if they cannot see the ground.


Premise: When did the government of Aragon  degree the establishment of a language regulator?

Hypothesis: In 2011, the Aragonese government passed a decree for the establishment of a new language regulator of Catalan in La Franja (the so-called Catalan-speaking areas of Aragon).


Premise: What two neighborhoods are the centers of the quartiers sensibles?

Hypothesis: These areas, quartiers sensibles ("sensitive quarters"), are in northern and eastern Paris, namely around its Goutte d'Or and Belleville neighbourhoods.


Premise: What is the average property price per square meter in Berlin as of April 2014?

Hypothesis: This is higher than the property prices in other G8 European capital cities; Berlin €3,306, Rome €6,188 and Paris €11,229.


Premise: Placing red and green next to each other causes their color to be what?

Hypothesis: I just try to find a color which corresponds to my feelings."


Premise: How about many Spanish speakers are there in the state?

Hypothesis: The United States Department of Education estimated in 2009 that 5,274 students in Montana spoke a language at home other than English.


Premise: Which house impeached Hastings?

Hypothesis: The House of Commons eventually impeached Hastings, but subsequently, the House of Lords acquitted him of all charges.


Premise: How is the public made aware of ITP applications?

Hypothesis: A notice of the permit application action is published in the Federal Register and a public comment period of 30 to 90 days begins.


Premise: Valens issued a decree banishing the bishops that were deposed by who?

Hypothesis: He issued a decree banishing the bishops who had been deposed by Constantius, but who had been permitted by Jovian to return to their sees.


Premise: What fruit juice is a major Samoan export?

Hypothesis: Agriculture employs two-thirds of the labour force, and furnishes 90% of exports, featuring coconut cream, coconut oil, noni (juice of the nonu fruit, as it is known in Samoan), and copra.


Premise: What happened to British Isles area when the ice melted after the last ice age?

Hypothesis: From 14,000 to 10,000 years ago, as the ice melted, sea levels rose separating Ireland from Great Britain and also creating the Isle of Man.


Premise: When did regular testing of Hi-Vision start?

Hypothesis: The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided about four times the resolution (1080i/1125 lines).


Premise: So when was the firs national broadcast?

Hypothesis: When ITV was formed in 1955 they shared final coverage with the BBC in one of the only club matches shown live on television, during the 1970s and 1980s coverage became more elaborate with BBC and ITV trying to steal viewers from the others by starting coverage earlier and earlier some starting as early as 9 a.m. which was six hours before kick off.


Premise: What was the degree of Frédéric's association with political insurrection?

Hypothesis: In his native Poland, in France, where he composed most of his works, and beyond, Chopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest superstars, his association (if only indirect) with political insurrection, his love life and his early death have made him, in the public consciousness, a leading symbol of the Romantic era.


Premise: What were stronghold called?

Hypothesis: The tribes were ruled by clans (ród) consisting of people related by blood or marriage and theoretically descending from a common ancestor, giving the ród/clan a highly developed sense of solidarity.


Premise: How many passengers does the Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport serve each year?

Hypothesis: Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport in Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Minnesota, opened in 1920 and has been in continuous commercial service since.


Premise: What was the name of the song played during the opening credits?

Hypothesis: Smith said the song came together in one session and that he and Napes wrote it in under half an hour before recording a demo.


Premise: What started about 4000 years after copper smelting was discovered?

Hypothesis: It was known to the Greeks, but became a significant supplement to bronze during the Roman Empire.


Premise: The Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge crosses what river?

Hypothesis: They were considered two of the more dangerous bridges in America and were demolished after the Ravenel Bridge opened.


Premise: When was the first slow-scan video systems researched?

Hypothesis: The greater 1 MHz bandwidth and 6 Mbit/s bit rate of the Picturephone in the 1970s also did not achieve commercial success, mostly due to its high cost, but also due to a lack of network effect —with only a few hundred Picturephones in the world, users had extremely few contacts they could actually call to, and interoperability with other videophone systems would not exist for decades.


Premise: What cyclone badly damaged Funafuti?

Hypothesis: Funafuti's Tepuka Vili Vili islet was devastated by Cyclone Meli in 1979, with all its vegetation and most of its sand swept away during the cyclone.


Premise: What initiative provided censors with the abillity to appoint new senators?

Hypothesis: It also required the censor to appoint any newly elected magistrate to the senate.


Premise: What did the percentage fall to?

Hypothesis: From the outset, it was clearly a well-received change, as Labour's 14-point lead in the November 1990 "Poll of Polls" was replaced by an 8% Tory lead a month later.


Premise: How many people in Kazakhstan speak Russian actively?

Hypothesis: Large Russian-speaking communities still exist in northern Kazakhstan, and ethnic Russians comprise 25.6% of Kazakhstan's population.


Premise: What percentage of households earned less than 977 per month?

Hypothesis: In 2012, 14 percent of households in the city earned less than €977 per month, the official poverty line.


Premise: Where was Julia Tuttle born?

Hypothesis: Miami is noted as "the only major city in the United States conceived by a woman, Julia Tuttle", a local citrus grower and a wealthy Cleveland native.


Premise: What was the code name of the overthrow of the Iranian government?

Hypothesis: With Eisenhower's leadership and Dulles' direction, CIA activities increased under the pretense of resisting the spread of communism in poorer countries; the CIA in part deposed the leaders of Iran in Operation Ajax, of Guatemala through Operation Pbsuccess, and possibly the newly independent Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville).


Premise: What was Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov renamed?

Hypothesis: Without catapults she can launch and recover lightly fueled naval fighters for air defense or anti-ship missions but not heavy conventional bombing strikes.[citation needed] Officially designated an aircraft carrying cruiser, she is unique in carrying a heavy cruiser's complement of defensive weapons and large P-700 Granit offensive missiles.


Premise: What can be done to a metal to enhance its properties?

Hypothesis: The physical properties, such as density, reactivity, Young's modulus of an alloy may not differ greatly from those of its elements, but engineering properties such as tensile strength and shear strength may be substantially different from those of the constituent materials.


Premise: What can we judge in wood just by looking at it?

Hypothesis: One can judge comparative density, and therefore to some extent strength, by visual inspection.


Premise: When did groups from South Korea, Japan, and others arrive in China?

Hypothesis: On May 16, rescue groups from South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Russia and Taiwan arrived to join the rescue effort.


Premise: Why was the Republic of Novgorod doing so well while the Kievan Rus declined?

Hypothesis: Since then Novgorod enjoyed a wide degree of autonomy although being closely associated with the Kievan Rus.


Premise: Who won the great battle of Raphia?

Hypothesis: He and his successors also fought a series of wars with the Seleucids, known as the Syrian wars, over the region of Coele-Syria.


Premise: What does AC stand for?

Hypothesis: Electric motors may be classified by electric power source type, internal construction, application, type of motion output, and so on.


Premise: Who discovered that Victoria's new Munshi lied about his parentage?

Hypothesis: He was soon promoted to "Munshi": teaching her Hindustani, and acting as a clerk.


Premise: What did the creation of the Canada Not-for-Profit Corporations Act mean for NPOs?

Hypothesis: Ontario also overhauled its legislation, adopting the Ontario Not-for-Profit Corporations Act during 2010; pending the outcome of an anticipated election during October 2011,[dated info]


Premise: Which road meets the steps of the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine?

Hypothesis: 112th Street starts in Morningside Heights and runs from Riverside Drive to Amsterdam Avenue, where it meets the steps of the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine.


Premise: How many households have 5 or more people living in them?

Hypothesis: As of 2000[update], there were 67,115 private households in the municipality, and an average of 1.8 persons per household.


Premise: What did the group advised based on the information's results ?

Hypothesis: The government of Myanmar controls the gem trade by direct ownership or by joint ventures with private owners of mines.


Premise: Where did Miller attend school?

Hypothesis: If Norman was apparently attempting to change British policy, it was perhaps William Miller (1864–1945), journalist and expert on the Near East, who did the most in that direction.


Premise: What happened to urban R&B in the early 1990s?

Hypothesis: The early 1990s marked the softening of urban R&B at the same time alternative rock emerged and traditional pop saw a significant resurgence.


Premise: How many animals inhabit Zoo Los Coyotes?

Hypothesis: Chapultepec Zoo, the San Juan de Aragon Zoo and Los Coyotes Zoo.


Premise: Which country dispatched regular troops to North America?

Hypothesis: The two nations eventually dispatched regular troops to North America to enforce their claims.


Premise: Which report described this corruption?

Hypothesis: Local political interception of donated money from overseas is especially prevalent in Sub-Saharan African nations, where it was reported in the 2006 World Bank Report that about half of the funds that were donated for health usages were never invested into the health sectors or given to those needing medical attention.


Premise: What is the mental health facility is located in New Haven?

Hypothesis: The New Haven area supports several medical facilities that are considered some of the best hospitals in the country.


Premise: What is the literal meaning of the Prussian word "Kreis?"

Hypothesis: At the outset of the Franco-Prussian War, 462,000 German soldiers concentrated on the French frontier while only 270,000 French soldiers could be moved to face them, the French army having lost 100,000 stragglers before a shot was fired through poor planning and administration.


Premise: Due to a specific kind of structure, what kind of problems are made worse?

Hypothesis: Additionally, the combining of the two filter banks' outputs creates aliasing problems that must be handled partially by the "aliasing compensation" stage; however, that creates excess energy to be coded in the frequency domain, thereby decreasing coding efficiency.[citation needed]


Premise: What did the study aim to isolate?

Hypothesis: The Ghost in the MP3" isolates the sounds lost during MP3 compression.


Premise: How did the Burmese government respond to the unrest in 2012 ?

Hypothesis: The government has responded by imposing curfews and by deploying troops in the regions.


Premise: What is the street address if the Greyhound bus terminal in Richmond?

Hypothesis: a roughly $25 million grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation to support a newly proposed Rapid Transit System, which would run along Broad Street from Willow Lawn to Rocketts Landing, in the first phase of an improved public transportation hub for the region.


Premise: Where is the BCCI based?

Hypothesis: This led to a separate inquiry into BCCI, and as a result, banking regulators shut down BCCI in 1991.


Premise: Who was the first writer to date the Middle Ages from 476?

Hypothesis: In the 19th century, the entire Middle Ages were often referred to as the "Dark Ages",[B] but with the adoption of these subdivisions, use of this term was restricted to the Early Middle Ages, at least among historians.


Premise: What place on the charts did Date Records' big success land on?

Hypothesis: Date's biggest success was "Time of the Season" by the Zombies, peaking at #2 in 1969.


Premise: What were two drawback of early recordings?

Hypothesis: Early recordings were made entirely acoustically, the sound being collected by a horn and piped to a diaphragm, which vibrated the cutting stylus.


Premise: What factor were the French unaware of at the start of the battle?

Hypothesis: The French were unaware of German numerical superiority at the beginning of the battle as the German 2nd Army did not attack all at once.


Premise: When was the Rebellion of the Seven States?

Hypothesis: After several insurrections by Han kings—the largest being the Rebellion of the Seven States in 154 BC—the imperial court enacted a series of reforms beginning in 145 BC limiting the size and power of these kingdoms and dividing their former territories into new centrally controlled commanderies.


Premise: In what edition was there a Refutation of Idealism?

Hypothesis: The section Paralogisms of Pure Reason is an implicit critique of Descartes' idealism.


Premise: How often does the XPT to Sydney depart?

Hypothesis: The Overland to Adelaide departs Southern Cross twice a week, while the XPT to Sydney departs twice a day.


Premise: Dr Babatunde Osotimehin hailed from what country?

Hypothesis: Executive Directors and Under-Secretaries General of the UN_2011–present Dr Babatunde Osotimehin (Nigeria)


Premise: About when did Alsace lose its prosperity?

Hypothesis: As in much of Europe, the prosperity of Alsace came to an end in the 14th century by a series of harsh winters, bad harvests, and the Black Death.


Premise: Customarily where is the expected place in the lives of the people for the home of monks in Burma ?

Hypothesis: In a traditional village, the monastery is the centre of cultural life.


Premise: Prior to the introduction of the word emotion, what word was used in its place?

Hypothesis: One line of research thus looks at the meaning of the word emotion in everyday language and this usage is rather different from that in academic discourse.


Premise: Who was the reformist that had the backing of Ottoman admirals during the Russo-Turkish war?

Hypothesis: Sultan Abdülhamid II distrusted the admirals who sided with the reformist Midhat Pasha, and claimed that the large and expensive fleet was of no use against the Russians during the Russo-Turkish War.


Premise: What was William Adams's Japanese name?

Hypothesis: The English sailor and adventurer William Adams (1564–1620) was the first Westerner to receive the dignity of samurai.


Premise: How many students are in New York City public schools?

Hypothesis: The New York City Public Schools system, managed by the New York City Department of Education, is the largest public school system in the United States, serving about 1.1 million students in more than 1,700 separate primary and secondary schools.


Premise: What term describes the literally translated Indonesian versions of Dutch terms that have become standard?

Hypothesis: Yet the Indonesian language inherited many words from Dutch: words for everyday life as well as scientific and technological terms.


Premise: When did THe Contemporary Art museum of the Louis Vuitton Foundation open?

Hypothesis: The National Museum of Natural History, on the Left Bank, is famous for its dinosaur artefacts, mineral collections, and its Gallery of Evolution.


Premise: What is the name of Mises' 1912 book?

Hypothesis: Hayek used this body of work as a starting point for his own interpretation of the business cycle, elaborating what later became known as the "Austrian Theory of the Business Cycle".


Premise: What should be used for individuals with shortness of breath?

Hypothesis: Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes.


Premise: Which program at Notre Dame offers a Master of Education degree?

Hypothesis: Additionally, the Alliance for Catholic Education program offers a Master of Education program where students study at the university during the summer and teach in Catholic elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools across the Southern United States for two school years.


Premise: On what date did the PlayStation Plus service officially launch?

Hypothesis: Launched alongside PS3 firmware 3.40 and PSP firmware 6.30 on June 29, 2010, the paid-for subscription service provides users with enhanced services on the PlayStation Network, on top of the current PSN service which is still available with all of its features.


Premise: Which actor criticized Toscano's elimination?

Hypothesis: Pia Toscano, one of the presumed favorites to advance far in the season, was unexpectedly eliminated on April 7, 2011, finishing in ninth place.


Premise: What year was Queen's second album released?

Hypothesis: The group's second LP, Queen II, was released in 1974, and features rock photographer Mick Rock's iconic image of the band on the cover.


Premise: Bell's living daughters were named Elsie May and what?

Hypothesis: He was survived by his wife Mabel, his two daughters, Elsie May and Marian, and nine of his grandchildren.


Premise: What type of formation is indicated by low and high grade metamorphic rocks?

Hypothesis: The high-grade rocks were derived from volcanic island arcs, while the low-grade metamorphic rocks represent deep-sea sediments eroded from the neighboring island frogs and deposited in a forearc basin.


Premise: Who is seeking minority status from the government?

Hypothesis: Distinctive and self-identified black communities have been reported in countries such as Iraq, with a reported 1.2 million black people, and they attest to a history of discrimination.


Premise: A program in Los Angeles believes that with $1 billion, city temperatures could be reduced by approximately how many degrees in Celsius?

Hypothesis: The higher temperatures are a result of increased absorption of the Solar light by urban materials such as asphalt and concrete, which have lower albedos and higher heat capacities than those in the natural environment.


Premise: How much had average U.S. housing prices declined by September 2008?

Hypothesis: By August 2008, 9.2% of all U.S. mortgages outstanding were either delinquent or in foreclosure.


Premise: What is the goal of Tibetan Buddhism?

Hypothesis: In Theravada Buddhism, the ultimate goal is the attainment of the sublime state of Nirvana, achieved by practicing the Noble Eightfold Path (also known as the Middle Way), thus escaping what is seen as a cycle of suffering and rebirth.


Premise: What could the sun's energy do to help limit climate change?

Hypothesis: The energy from the sun could play a key role in de-carbonizing the global economy alongside improvements in energy efficiency and imposing costs on greenhouse gas emitters.


Premise: what is centered in Utrecht

Hypothesis: The economy of Utrecht depends for a large part on the several large institutions located in the city.


Premise: What type of federal assistance depends on Census data?

Hypothesis: Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data.


Premise: What is the name of the theme song that players walk out to on Everton matchdays?

Hypothesis: On matchdays, in a tradition going back to 1962, players walk out to the theme tune to Z-Cars, named "Johnny Todd", a traditional Liverpool children's song collected in 1890 by Frank Kidson which tells the story of a sailor betrayed by his lover while away at sea, although on two separate occasions in the 1994, they ran out to different songs.


Premise: In 1949 what new addition was done to enhance the Arsenal club crest?

Hypothesis: The new crest was criticised by some supporters; the Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association claimed that the club had ignored much of Arsenal's history and tradition with such a radical modern design, and that fans had not been properly consulted on the issue.


Premise: What is the deepest gorge in the world?

Hypothesis: The Pindus range continues through the central Peloponnese, crosses the islands of Kythera and Antikythera and finds its way into southwestern Aegean, in the island of Crete where it eventually ends.


Premise: Where are H & J Smith stores typically located?

Hypothesis: H & J Smith is a small chain operating throughout Southland with a large flagship store in Invercargill.


Premise: What was the Univerity of California, Berkeley's Institute of Human Development formerly called?

Hypothesis: The Oakland Growth Study, initiated by Harold Jones and Herbert Stolz in 1931, aimed to study the physical, intellectual, and social development of children in the Oakland area.


Premise: What year marked the end of Schwarzenegger's second term in the governor's office?

Hypothesis: In 2011, Schwarzenegger completed his second term as governor.


Premise: What virtues does modern Estonian society promote?

Hypothesis: Like the mainstream culture in the other Nordic countries, Estonian culture can be seen to build upon the ascetic environmental realities and traditional livelihoods, a heritage of comparatively widespread egalitarianism out of practical reasons (see: Everyman's right and universal suffrage), and the ideals of closeness to nature and self-sufficiency (see: summer cottage).


Premise: What season is considered short in Charleston?

Hypothesis: Summer is the wettest season; almost half of the annual rainfall occurs from June to September in the form of thundershowers.


Premise: What tag did the media attach to Dean's post-rally speech?

Hypothesis: The incessant replaying of the "Dean Scream" by the press became a debate on the topic of whether Dean was the victim of media bias.


Premise: Who is the only federal employee that can spend un-vouched for money?

Hypothesis: Under the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949, the Director of Central Intelligence is the only federal government employee who can spend "un-vouchered" government money.


Premise: What were the Saka Rulers of Western India believed to be called?

Hypothesis: They were successors to the Indo-Scythians and were contemporaneous with the Kushans, who ruled the northern part of the Indian subcontinent.


Premise: What abolished Valencia's ancient charters?

Hypothesis: By the Nueva Planta decrees (Decretos de Nueva Planta) the ancient Charters of Valencia were abolished and the city was governed by the Castilian Charter.


Premise: What did the author of "The Essence of Christianity" consider religion to be?

Hypothesis: The German materialist and atheist anthropologist Ludwig Feuerbach would signal a new turn in materialism through his book, The Essence of Christianity (1841), which provided a humanist account of religion as the outward projection of man's inward nature.


Premise: What replaced many of the modest boarding houses?

Hypothesis: Many of the modest boarding houses that dotted the boardwalk were replaced with large hotels.


Premise: What does each Grand Lodge maintain?

Hypothesis: There are many reasons why one Grand Lodge will withhold or withdraw recognition from another, but the two most common are Exclusive Jurisdiction and Regularity.


Premise: What danger can return currents cause?

Hypothesis: Although the supply has an artificially created earth point, this connection is derived by using resistors which ensures that stray earth currents are kept to manageable levels.


Premise: What is Apple's prefered video standard?

Hypothesis: Since June 2007, YouTube's videos have been available for viewing on a range of Apple products.


Premise: What three areas of the globe were protests reported as not big?

Hypothesis: No major protests were visible in the Latin America, Africa, and Western Asia legs of the torch relay.


Premise: What is considered political corruption is differnt in each what?

Hypothesis: For instance, some political funding practices that are legal in one place may be illegal in another.


Premise: How many rooms does the most expensive hotel on the island have?

Hypothesis: Hotel Le Toiny, the most expensive hotel on the island, has 12 rooms.


Premise: What area had the largest Protestant population in 2010?

Hypothesis: Protestants account for nearly forty percent of Christians worldwide and more than one tenth of the total human population.


Premise: How much money did The Mrs. Carter Show Limited Edition fragrance make?

Hypothesis: In 2013, The Mrs. Carter Show Limited Edition version of Heat was released.


Premise: How many civil parishes are the Portuguese municipalities divided into?

Hypothesis: Operationally, the municipality and civil parish, along with the national government, are the only legally identifiable local administrative units identified by the government of Portugal (for example, cities, towns or villages have no standing in law, although may be used as catchment for the defining services).


Premise: Upon launching, the Compass system, what was the location accuracy promised to users?

Hypothesis: Upon the system's official launch, it pledged to offer general users positioning information accurate to the nearest 10 m, measure speeds within 0.2 m per second, and provide signals for clock synchronisation accurate to 0.02 microseconds.


Premise: What is stemmatics?

Hypothesis: Stemmatics, stemmology or stemmatology is a rigorous approach to textual criticism.


Premise: Which civil war group did some Espanyol supporters join?

Hypothesis: Despite these differences in ideology, the derbi has always been more relevant to Espanyol supporters than Barcelona ones due to the difference in objectives.


Premise: Which Nobel Prize winner graduated from BYU?

Hypothesis: The University also graduated Nobel Prize winner Paul D. Boyer, as well as Philo Farnsworth (inventor of the electronic television) and Harvey Fletcher (inventor of the hearing aid).


Premise: What is the name of the 1825 case where the supreme court held that congress could delegate their responsibilities to the court?

Hypothesis: Where Congress does not make great and sweeping delegations of its authority, the Supreme Court has been less stringent.


Premise: What term was created in the 1930's to separate the middle ages form the 1800's?

Hypothesis: to distinguish the time between what we call Middle Ages and time of the late Enlightenment (1800) (when the meaning of the term Modern Ages was developing its contemporary form).


Premise: What planting zone does the city land in?

Hypothesis: The city falls under USDA 7b Plant Hardiness zone.


Premise: How many times has the team from the University of Kansas appeared in the Orange Bowl?

Hypothesis: In 2008, under the leadership of Mark Mangino, the #7 Jayhawks emerged victorious in their first BCS bowl game, the FedEx Orange Bowl, with a 24–21 victory over the #3 Virginia Tech Hokies.


Premise: Who discovered Hydrogen gas?

Hypothesis: In 1766, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize hydrogen gas as a discrete substance, by naming the gas from a metal-acid reaction "flammable air".


Premise: In what year was the Siege of Belgrade fought?

Hypothesis: The effect that it created in that time was one of the main factors that helped in achieving the victory.


Premise: How much has the Amity Foundation designated for disaster relief?

Hypothesis: The Amity Foundation already began relief work in the region and has earmarked US$143,000 for disaster relief.


Premise: Which organization offers versions of the Quran in 50 languages?

Hypothesis: The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has published translations of the Quran in 50 different languages besides a five-volume English commentary and an English translation of the Quran.


Premise: How many Armenians died during the second phase of the Armenian Genocide between 1915-1916??

Hypothesis: According to the research conducted by Arnold J. Toynbee, an estimated 600,000 Armenians died during deportation from 1915–16).


Premise: What were the Spanish wars directly linked to?

Hypothesis: The decolonization of the Americas was the process by which the countries in the Americas gained their independence from European rule.


Premise: During what period did Mauretania exist?

Hypothesis: The Romans interacted with and later conquered parts of Mauretania, an early state that covered modern Morocco, western Algeria, and the Spanish cities Ceuta and Melilla during the classical period.


Premise: Which nationalities still refer it to Alslace "ramshackle marketplace" as of 2007?

Hypothesis: As of 2007, the word is still in use among the English and Australian judiciaries with the meaning of a place where the law cannot reach: "In setting up the Serious Organised Crime Agency, the state has set out to create an Alsatia - a region of executive action free of judicial oversight," Lord Justice Sedley in UMBS v SOCA 2007.


Premise: What are two new titles under the Marvel NOW! line of comics?

Hypothesis: NOW! also saw the debut of new flagship titles including Uncanny Avengers and All-New X-Men.


Premise: In New Zealand, what were important browsers, as the kereru and kokako are today?

Hypothesis: Birds have frequently reached islands that mammals have not; on those islands, birds may fulfill ecological roles typically played by larger animals.


Premise: In Central Europe, the Slavs intermixed with who?

Hypothesis: In Central Europe, the Slavs intermixed with Germanic and Celtic, while the eastern Slavs encountered Uralic and Scandinavian peoples.


Premise: What shape sounds holes do these styles of mandolins have?

Hypothesis: Generally, in the United States, Gibson F-hole F-5 mandolins and mandolins influenced by that design are strongly associated with bluegrass, while the A-style is associated other types of music, although it too is most often used for and associated with bluegrass.


Premise: When was Fun Fun Bar established?

Hypothesis: Fun Fun' Bar, established in 1935, is one of the most important places for tango in Uruguay as is El Farolito, located in the old part of the city and Joventango, Café Las Musas, Garufa and Vieja Viola.


Premise: In what foreign country did Dell open plants in 1995?

Hypothesis: Dell opened plants in Penang, Malaysia in 1995, and in Xiamen, China in 1999.


Premise: What dialect is also known as the central dialect?

Hypothesis: dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi.


Premise: How many buildings collapsed as a result of the May 27th aftershocks?

Hypothesis: Strong aftershocks continued to strike even months after the main quake.


Premise: Which country did Britain conquer in 1897?

Hypothesis: By war, the British conquered Benin in 1897, and, in the Anglo-Aro War (1901–1902), defeated other opponents.


Premise: What was one of the first tracks written by Kanye when he was 13?

Hypothesis: At age thirteen, West wrote a rap song called "Green Eggs and Ham" and began to persuade his mother to pay $25 an hour for time in a recording studio.


Premise: What does NATO define as passive measures to protect people, buildings and equipment from air or missile attacks?

Hypothesis: It remains a vital activity by ground forces and includes camouflage and concealment to avoid detection by reconnaissance and attacking aircraft.


Premise: The Haunted Mansion at Disneyland in California and the one in Paris, France sharewhat attribute?

Hypothesis: Part of the Haunted Mansion attraction at Disneyland in Anaheim, California, and Disneyland in Paris, France, takes place on an elevator.


Premise: What eventually resulted in the pioneering of industrial music?

Hypothesis: A variety of groups that predated punk, such as Cabaret Voltaire and Throbbing Gristle, experimented with crude production techniques and electronic instruments in tandem with performance art methods and influence from transgressive literature, ultimately helping to pioneer industrial music.


Premise: What are these properties?

Hypothesis: These include low density, low viscosity, and the highest specific heat and thermal conductivity of all gases.


Premise: The Times gained much notoriety in the 1930s because of its advocacy of what?

Hypothesis: In 1922, John Jacob Astor, son of the 1st Viscount Astor, bought The Times from the Northcliffe estate.


Premise: In what type of organism is horizontal gene transfer rare?

Hypothesis: This mechanism is a common source of new genes in prokaryotes, sometimes thought to contribute more to genetic variation than gene duplication.


Premise: Where did John recruit mercenary forces from?

Hypothesis: Within a few months of John's return, rebel barons in the north and east of England were organising resistance to his rule.


Premise: Classic music can a attain a high level of what?

Hypothesis: European art music is largely distinguished from many other non-European and popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 16th century.


Premise: Who was the first Spanish Governor of Guam?

Hypothesis: Francisco de Irrisarri y Vinar controlled internal affairs more strictly than his predecessors in order to curb tensions.


Premise: What was considered to be dominant part of normal life?

Hypothesis: In a discussion of any ancient music, however, non-specialists and even many musicians have to be reminded that much of what makes our modern music familiar to us is the result of developments only within the last 1,000 years; thus, our ideas of melody, scales, harmony, and even the instruments we use may not have been familiar to Romans who made and listened to music many centuries earlier.[citation needed]


Premise: What is the favored influence as to the cause of sexual orientation?

Hypothesis: They favor biologically-based theories, which point to genetic factors, the early uterine environment, both, or the inclusion of genetic and social factors.


Premise: What overhelming percent of Australians voted for the 1967 Referendum?

Hypothesis: By the end of 1967, the Liberals' initially popular support for the war in Vietnam was causing increasing public protest.


Premise: When did the Papal States exist?

Hypothesis: In the Papal States, which existed until 1870, Jews were required to live only in specified neighborhoods called ghettos.


Premise: What is the basis of the behavioral code at BYU?

Hypothesis: An education at BYU is also less expensive than at similar private universities, since "a significant portion" of the cost of operating the university is subsidized by the church's tithing funds.


Premise: What was the trajectory of political unrest after the treaty?

Hypothesis: Nonetheless, political unrest in Egypt declined significantly and Nasser resumed his studies at al-Nahda, where he received his leaving certificate later that year.


Premise: As diests, Americans were influenced by the ideas of which two Enlightenment followers?

Hypothesis: As deists, they were influenced by ideas of John Toland (1670–1722) and Matthew Tindal (1656–1733).


Premise: What year did North Carolina instruct its delegates to vote for independence?

Hypothesis: The American victory at Kings Mountain gave the advantage to colonists who favored American independence, and it prevented the British Army from recruiting new soldiers from the Tories.


Premise: What did anti-federalist support?

Hypothesis: The U.S. Constitution was written as a reaction to the Articles of Confederation, under which the United States was a loose confederation with a weak central government.


Premise: What fraction of general hospital discharges receive treatment at HHC?

Hypothesis: Each year HHC's facilities provide about 225,000 admissions, one million emergency room visits and five million clinic visits to New Yorkers.


Premise: Which book of the Bible talks about the use of wine during Jewish feasts?

Hypothesis: Deuteronomy 18:3–5,14:22–27,16:13–15 tell of the use of wine during Jewish feasts.


Premise: For what purpose did detractors use the idea of Mary's virginity and the virgin conception of Jesus?

Hypothesis: In the 2nd century, as part of the earliest anti-Christian polemics, Celsus suggested that Jesus was the illegitimate son of a Roman soldier named Panthera.


Premise: What Macedonian ruler helped to advance Greek beliefs and ways of life ?

Hypothesis: In any case, Alexander's toppling of the Achaemenid Empire, after his victories at the battles of the Granicus, Issus and Gaugamela, and his advance as far as modern-day Pakistan and Tajikistan, provided an important outlet for Greek culture, via the creation of colonies and trade routes along the way.


Premise: Campidanese Sardinian is a variant of what language?

Hypothesis: The Sardinian language is considered to be its own Romance language family, separate not only from standard Italian but also the wider Italo-Dalmatian family, and it includes the Campidanese Sardinian and Logudorese Sardinian variants.


Premise: What empire did Babur found in northern India?

Hypothesis: In 1526, Babur, a Timurid descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan from Fergana Valley (modern day Uzbekistan), swept across the Khyber Pass and established the Mughal Empire, which at its zenith covered modern day Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and Bangladesh.


Premise: What diseases can have a major imact on memory?

Hypothesis: Other neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease can also affect memory and cognition.


Premise: The remains of what type of structure from the mesolithic period was found on the River Thames's foreshore?

Hypothesis: In 1999, the remains of a Bronze Age bridge were found on the foreshore north of Vauxhall Bridge.


Premise: Who funded the 132nd Street Community Garden's water distribution system?

Hypothesis: The spirit of the neighborhood lives in gardens like this one, planted and tended by local residents.


Premise: When did Eisenhower leave Camp Meade?

Hypothesis: He assumed duties again at Camp Meade, Maryland, commanding a battalion of tanks, where he remained until 1922.


Premise: About how long does it take to drive from Richmond International Airport to Williamsburg?

Hypothesis: Richmond International is now served by nine airlines with over 200 daily flights providing non-stop service to major destination markets and connecting flights to destinations worldwide.


Premise: Serbo-Croatian is the only Slavic language to use what two scripts together?

Hypothesis: The Croatian Latin alphabet (Gajica) followed suit shortly afterwards, when Ljudevit Gaj defined it as standard Latin with five extra letters that had diacritics, apparently borrowing much from Czech, but also from Polish, and inventing the unique digraphs "lj", "nj" and "dž".


Premise: Elateridae and Staphylinidae are what kind of luminescent?

Hypothesis: A few insects, such as members of the families Poduridae and Onychiuridae (Collembola), Mycetophilidae (Diptera) and the beetle families Lampyridae, Phengodidae, Elateridae and Staphylinidae are bioluminescent.


Premise: Who played in the Whistler and His Jug Band?

Hypothesis: Other blues players from the era's string bands include Willie Black (Whistler And His Jug Band), Dink Brister, Jim Hill, Charles Johnson, Coley Jones (Dallas String Band), Bobby Leecan (Need More Band), Alfred Martin, Charlie McCoy (1909-1950), Al Miller, Matthew Prater, and Herb Quinn.


Premise: What type of reptiles eat dogs?

Hypothesis: Leopards in particular are known to have a predilection for dogs, and have been recorded to kill and consume them regardless of the dog's size or ferocity.


Premise: How are floor leaders kept informed of legislative status?

Hypothesis: He is kept constantly informed as to the status of legislative business and as to the sentiment of his party respecting particular legislation under consideration.


Premise: What percentage of the June 2010 graduates received federal or private loans?

Hypothesis: Northwestern awards financial aid solely on the basis of need through loans, work-study, grants, and scholarships.


Premise: What was Avicenna's mother's name?

Hypothesis: Avicenna first began to learn the Quran and literature in such a way that when he was ten years old he had essentially learned all of them.


Premise: When was St. Francis Xavier born?

Hypothesis: Xavier spent the years 1549–1551 converting Japanese to Christianity.


Premise: German name for knight?

Hypothesis: , the Polish "rycerz" ("knight", cognate of the German "Ritter") and the Polish "herb" ("coat of arms", from the German "Erbe", "heritage").


Premise: What do Muslims think of Christianity?

Hypothesis: The view that all theists actually worship the same god, whether they know it or not, is especially emphasized in Hinduism and Sikhism.


Premise: Who was the CEO of Apple during the Test Drive a Macintosh promotion?

Hypothesis: Apple spent $2.5 million purchasing all 39 advertising pages in a special, post-election issue of Newsweek, and ran a "Test Drive a Macintosh" promotion, in which potential buyers with a credit card could take home a Macintosh for 24 hours and return it to a dealer afterwards.


Premise: Regulations were proposed by Obama in January 2010 to limit the ability of banks to engage in which type trading?

Hypothesis: The proposals address consumer protection, executive pay, bank financial cushions or capital requirements, expanded regulation of the shadow banking system and derivatives, and enhanced authority for the Federal Reserve to safely wind-down systemically important institutions, among others.


Premise: When did the Jugurthine War end?

Hypothesis: The Jugurthine War of 111–104 BC was fought between Rome and Jugurtha of the North African kingdom of Numidia.


Premise: When did Torii Mototada die?

Hypothesis: As was custom, Torii vowed that he would not be taken alive.


Premise: What types of vehicles were the Fennica and Nordica?

Hypothesis: On 16 March 2012, 52 Greenpeace activists from five different countries boarded Fennica and Nordica, multipurpose icebreakers chartered to support Shell's drilling rigs near Alaska.


Premise: Between majority leader and speaker what roles did Boehner have?

Hypothesis: He subsequently served as Republican House leader and Minority Leader from 2007 to 2011 and then was elected Speaker when the House reconvened in 2011.


Premise: In 1609 the charter was renewed for what period of time?

Hypothesis: But in 1609 he renewed the charter given to the company for an indefinite period, including a clause that specified that the charter would cease to be in force if the trade turned unprofitable for three consecutive years.


Premise: What year was Aswan High Dam completed?

Hypothesis: The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1970 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile River in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt.


Premise: Whose position was it that Jesus was the Son of God?

Hypothesis: Roman emperor Constantine the Great had convened the council in May–August 325 to address the Arian position that the Son of God, Jesus of Nazareth, is of a distinct substance from the Father.


Premise: Who contributed to the American studies programs at Yale and University of Wyoming?

Hypothesis: Norman Holmes Pearson, who worked for the Office of Strategic Studies in London during World War II, returned to Yale and headed the new American studies program, in which scholarship quickly became an instrument of promoting liberty.


Premise: By cardinal direction, what part of the city is referred to as Downtown?

Hypothesis: The heart of the city is Downtown Miami and is technically on the eastern side of the city.


Premise: Who is the most famous athlete from Namibia?

Hypothesis: The most famous athlete from Namibia is Frankie Fredericks, sprinter (100 and 200 m).


Premise: What year did Bern invade Aargau?

Hypothesis: Bern invaded and conquered Aargau in 1415 and Vaud in 1536, as well as other smaller territories; thereby becoming the largest city-state north of the Alps, by the 18th century comprising most of what is today the canton of Bern and the canton of Vaud.


Premise: Why is it important for textual critics to analyze the Gospels?

Hypothesis: Although biblical books that are letters, like Greek plays, presumably had one original, the question of whether some biblical books, like the Gospels, ever had just one original has been discussed.


Premise: How high is Tucson's airport?

Hypothesis: The city's elevation is 2,643 ft (806 m) above sea level (as measured at the Tucson International Airport).


Premise: Who recorded "You Really Got Me"?

Hypothesis: Early forms of hard rock can be heard in the work of Chicago blues musicians Elmore James, Muddy Waters, and Howlin' Wolf, The Kingsmen's version of "Louie Louie" (1963) which made it a garage rock standard, and the songs of rhythm and blues influenced British Invasion acts, including "You Really Got Me" by The Kinks (1964), "My Generation" by The Who (1965), "Shapes of Things" (1966) by The Yardbirds and "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" (1965) by The Rolling Stones.


Premise: What studio's case decision was NOT overturned?

Hypothesis: In 2005, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of MGM, holding that such services could be held liable for copyright infringement since they functioned and, indeed, willfully marketed themselves as venues for acquiring copyrighted movies.


Premise: When did the BBC start creating its own programming?

Hypothesis: The corporation, which has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a Royal charter since 1927, has produced television programmes from its own since 1932, although the start of its regular service of television broadcasts is dated to 2 November 1936.


Premise: What is charged at KU's specialized professional schools?

Hypothesis: The schools of architecture, music, arts, business, education, engineering, journalism, law, pharmacy, and social welfare charge additional fees.


Premise: Animals that consume parts of their prey are considered to be

Hypothesis: Animals may also be 'grazed' upon; female mosquitos land on hosts briefly to gain sufficient proteins for the development of their offspring.


Premise: Besides the thermomechanical process, what is a process used in pulping?

Hypothesis: Mechanical pulping does not remove the lignin, so the yield is very high, >95%, however it causes the paper thus produced to turn yellow and become brittle over time.


Premise: What did Martin Luther post on the castle church of Wittenberg?

Hypothesis: Martin Luther, a German monk, started the German Reformation by posting 95 theses on the castle church of Wittenberg on October 31, 1517.


Premise: Under what policy was Eton able to receive funds without farming?

Hypothesis: A Freedom of Information request in 2005 revealed that Eton had received £2,652 in farming subsidies in 2004 under the Common Agricultural Policy.


Premise: Who did the Saxon Duchies consist of?

Hypothesis: These were the "Saxon duchies", consisting, among others, of the states of Saxe-Weimar, Saxe-Eisenach, Saxe-Jena, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg, and Saxe-Gotha; Thuringia became merely a geographical concept.


Premise: On what island was Fort Amsterdam built?

Hypothesis: In 1625, construction was started on a citadel and a Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, later called New Amsterdam (Nieuw Amsterdam).


Premise: What percentage of broods produced by incestuously paired females contained extra pair of young?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, 43% of broods produced by incestuously paired females contained extra pair young.


Premise: Which president ended the draft?

Hypothesis: One side views the war as a necessary part of the Containment policy, which allowed the enemy to choose the time and place of warfare.


Premise: What means

Hypothesis: Advaita literally means "not two, sole, unity".


Premise: What is a transistor made of?

Hypothesis: A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the current through another pair of terminals.


Premise: How many restaurants in the western style were present in Kathmandu circa 1955?

Hypothesis: International chain restaurants are rare, but some outlets of Pizza Hut and KFC have recently opened there.


Premise: What animal species was delisted in August 2008?

Hypothesis: A section of that Appropriations Act directed the Secretary of the Interior to reissue within 60 days of enactment the final rule published on April 2, 2009, that identified the Northern Rocky Mountain population of gray wolf (Canis lupus) as a distinct population segment (DPS) and to revise the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife by removing most of the gray wolves in the DPS.


Premise: Who appointed five Aboriginal Protectors for the Aborigines of Victoria in 1839?

Hypothesis: The British Colonial Office appointed five Aboriginal Protectors for the Aborigines of Victoria, in 1839, however their work was nullified by a land policy that favoured squatters to take possession of Aboriginal lands.