Premise: Who said that Cubism was becoming an influetial aspect in modern architecture ?

Hypothesis: Cubism had become an influential factor in the development of modern architecture from 1912 (La Maison Cubiste, by Raymond Duchamp-Villon and André Mare) onwards, developing in parallel with architects such as Peter Behrens and Walter Gropius, with the simplification of building design, the use of materials appropriate to industrial production, and the increased use of glass.


Premise: who covered and charted the single "promised land"?

Hypothesis: Europeans embraced house, and began booking legendary American house DJs to play at the big clubs, such as Ministry of Sound, whose resident, Justin Berkmann brought in Larry Levan.


Premise: What percentage of Americans drive cars to work?

Hypothesis: This is in contrast to the rest of the United States, where about 90% of commuters drive automobiles to their workplace.


Premise: Who was relieved from his duties as Commander in Korea?

Hypothesis: On 11 April 1951, Commander-in-Chief Truman relieved the controversial General MacArthur, the Supreme Commander in Korea.


Premise: Has a woman ever broadcast a match?

Hypothesis: ESPN bought the competition for the 2010–11 to 2012–13 season and during this time Rebecca Lowe became the first woman to host the FA Cup Final in the UK.


Premise: What was the largest brewing company in the world in 2015?

Hypothesis: As of 2015[update] AB InBev is the largest brewery, with SABMiller second, and Heineken International third.


Premise: What were William Thomson's reasons for disputing Darwin's estimate?

Hypothesis: Darwin tried to meet these objections in the 5th edition.


Premise: Who was the governor of North carolina in 1767?

Hypothesis: Officially established in 1792 as both county seat and state capital, the city was named after Sir Walter Raleigh, sponsor of Roanoke, the "lost colony" on Roanoke Island.


Premise: How many children worked?

Hypothesis: According to Milton Friedman, before the Industrial Revolution virtually all children worked in agriculture.


Premise: How large was the area the federal government would proclaim to be the capital?

Hypothesis: Due in large part to the persuasion of representative Servando Teresa de Mier, Mexico City was chosen because it was the center of the country's population and history, even though Querétaro was closer to the center geographically.


Premise: What concept was relevant to the solvability of the problem of measure?

Hypothesis: Thus, according to von Neumann, it is the change of group that makes a difference, not the change of space."


Premise: Scholars believe that karma originated in what?

Hypothesis: Scholars have reasons to believe that ideas such as samsara, karma (in the sense of the influence of morality on rebirth), and moksha originated in the shramanas, and were later adopted by Brahmin orthodoxy.[note 18][note 19][note 20][note 21][note 22][note 23]


Premise: Where, other than any Federal Reserve bank, can notes be redeemed?

Hypothesis: Congress has also authorized the issuance of more than 10 other types of banknotes, including the United States Note and the Federal Reserve Bank Note.


Premise: What American magazines have a footprint in Mexico City?

Hypothesis: Leading magazines include Expansión, Proceso, Poder, as well as dozens of entertainment publications such as Vanidades, Quién, Chilango, TV Notas, and local editions of Vogue, GQ, and Architectural Digest.


Premise: In what year did the government close Safdarjung Airport due to security concerns?

Hypothesis: The airport functioned until 2001, however in January 2002 the government closed the airport for flying activities because of security concerns following the New York attacks in September 2001.


Premise: What kind of criteria frequently used in science complicates the definitiveness of some hypotheses' falsification?

Hypothesis: Another objection is that it is not always possible to demonstrate falsehood definitively, especially if one is using statistical criteria to evaluate a null hypothesis.


Premise: What type of channel is WCVW 57?

Hypothesis: Public Broadcasting Service stations include WCVE-TV 23 and WCVW 57.


Premise: Who used foreign language terms to give names to indigenous peoples?

Hypothesis: Some of these names were based on foreign-language terms used by earlier explorers and colonists, while others resulted from the colonists' attempt to translate endonyms from the native language into their own, and yet others were pejorative terms arising out of prejudice and fear, during periods of conflict.


Premise: Who succeeded Vladimir Lenin?

Hypothesis: After the death of Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin took the reins of power and began an era of renewed fear and terror for Armenians.


Premise: In what year were the French defeated in Southern Germany by the Archduke Charles?

Hypothesis: In the first notable encounter between the two commanders, Napoleon pushed back his opponent and advanced deep into Austrian territory after winning at the Battle of Tarvis in March 1797.


Premise: To what type of theater is Seattle second to New York?

Hypothesis: The 5th Avenue Theatre, built in 1926, stages Broadway-style musical shows featuring both local talent and international stars.


Premise: When did Russia invade the Turkish Balkans?

Hypothesis: When Russia invaded the Turkish Balkans in 1853, fears of Russian dominance in the Mediterranean and Middle East led Britain and France to invade the Crimean Peninsula to destroy Russian naval capabilities.


Premise: What did Kant portray space and time to be?

Hypothesis: With Kant, neither space nor time are conceived as substances, but rather both are elements of a systematic mental framework that necessarily structures the experiences of any rational agent, or observing subject.


Premise: Which court eunuch was associated with the papermaking process?

Hypothesis: The modern pulp and paper industry is global, with China leading its production and the United States right behind it.


Premise: What is Vedic Sanskrit meant to be used as?

Hypothesis: Vedic Sanskrit is the language of the Vedas, a large collection of hymns, incantations (Samhitas) and theological and religio-philosophical discussions in the Brahmanas and Upanishads.


Premise: In what state was the Universal Film Manufacturing Company incorporated?

Hypothesis: The new Universal studio was a vertically integrated company, with movie production, distribution and exhibition venues all linked in the same corporate entity, the central element of the Studio system era.


Premise: How was St. Augustine founded?

Hypothesis: The oldest city in all of the U.S. territory, as of 1898, is San Juan, capital of Puerto Rico, where Juan Ponce De León was its first governor


Premise: What is the largest Q that could be achieved with a slimmer band antenna?

Hypothesis: The Q of such a narrowband antenna can be as high as 15.


Premise: How many bombs had been dropped?

Hypothesis: Around 280 short tons (250 t) (9,000 bombs) had been dropped, killing 1,413 people and injuring 3,500 more.


Premise: What does NMEs stand for?

Hypothesis: Drug discovery and development is very expensive; of all compounds investigated for use in humans only a small fraction are eventually approved in most nations by government appointed medical institutions or boards, who have to approve new drugs before they can be marketed in those countries.


Premise: Who is Norfolk Island's Chief Minister?

Hypothesis: The Norfolk Island Chief Minister, Lisle Snell, said that "the referendum results blow a hole in Canberra's assertion that the reforms introduced before the Australian Parliament that propose abolishing the Legislative Assembly and Norfolk Island Parliament were overwhelmingly supported by the people of Norfolk Island".


Premise: What type of neighborhood is Sherwood Forest?

Hypothesis: Outside of the city's core, residential high-rises are found in upper-class neighborhoods such as the East Riverfront extending toward Grosse Pointe and the Palmer Park neighborhood just west of Woodward.


Premise: How many people in Estonia speak Estonian?

Hypothesis: It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.


Premise: What are phrynges?

Hypothesis: In these animals the septa enable the circular and longitudinal muscles to change the shape of individual segments, by making each segment a separate fluid-filled "balloon".


Premise: What was Pitt's primary military advantage?

Hypothesis: Britain's main weapon was the Royal Navy, which could control the seas and bring as many invasion troops as were needed.


Premise: How did early Christians view traditional Roman cultism?

Hypothesis: Christians saw these ungodly practices as a primary cause of economic and political crisis.


Premise: What industries can you find these applications?

Hypothesis: In more recent applications, hydrogen is used pure or mixed with nitrogen (sometimes called forming gas) as a tracer gas for minute leak detection.


Premise: What does the message when uploading a video ask the user not to do?

Hypothesis: At the time of uploading a video, YouTube users are shown a message asking them not to violate copyright laws.


Premise: In what year did Barcelona win the Primera División title?

Hypothesis: Despite this domestic success, the failure to emulate Real Madrid in the Champions League led to van Gaal and Núñez resigning in 2000.


Premise: When did the global economic recession start?

Hypothesis: Because of the global economic recession that began in 2007, the GDP of Estonia decreased by 1.4% in the 2nd quarter of 2008, over 3% in the 3rd quarter of 2008, and over 9% in the 4th quarter of 2008.


Premise: Where was the Medieval Fair of Norman held from 1978 to 2002?

Hypothesis: Norman is also host to the Medieval Fair of Norman, which has been held annually since 1976 and was Oklahoma's first medieval fair.


Premise: How long do TCM Wineclub subscriptions last?

Hypothesis: From the wines chosen, TCM also includes recommended movies to watch with each, such as a "True Grit" wine, to be paired with the John Wayne film of the same name.


Premise: How old was Sigismund of Luxemburg when he was named heir?

Hypothesis: Instead, he named as his heir the young prince Sigismund of Luxemburg, who was 11 years old.


Premise: What is genetic make of bacteria?

Hypothesis: Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus, and their genetic material is typically a single circular DNA chromosome located in the cytoplasm in an irregularly shaped body called the nucleoid.


Premise: What is the phase shift of the sub-signals detected in each frequency band used by  Compass-M1?

Hypothesis: In each frequency band two coherent sub-signals have been detected with a phase shift of 90 degrees (in quadrature).


Premise: Where were the black?

Hypothesis: These regions were occupied by "the brown men," with the yellow in the Far East and the black in Africa.


Premise: Along with a subtropical highland climate, what climate classification covers Kathmandu?

Hypothesis: Of these, Kathmandu Valley is in the Warm Temperate Zone (elevation ranging from 1,200–2,300 metres (3,900–7,500 ft)), where the climate is fairly temperate, atypical for the region.


Premise: Since 1976, in what year was a prisoner executed in Wyoming?

Hypothesis: Colorado (in 1997) and Wyoming (in 1992) have executed only one prisoner, respectively.


Premise: Where did the Russians try to resist Napoleon and get defeated?

Hypothesis: The Russians again avoided battle, although in a few cases this was only achieved because Napoleon uncharacteristically hesitated to attack when the opportunity arose.


Premise: How much money did American Idol generate from its first eight seasons?

Hypothesis: One estimate puts the total TV revenue for the first eight seasons of American at $6.4 billion.


Premise: When does the building housing Ye Olde Salutation Inn date back to?

Hypothesis: Ye Olde Salutation Inn in Nottingham dates from 1240, although the building served as a tannery and a private residence before becoming an inn sometime before the English Civil War.


Premise: What was the PS3 console able to play after the system software was updated to 3.50?

Hypothesis: While the game itself must be programmed to take advantage of the 3D technology, titles may be patched to add in the functionality retroactively.


Premise: What subject was Kanye West's focus at Chicago State University?

Hypothesis: After graduating from high school, West received a scholarship to attend Chicago's American Academy of Art in 1997 and began taking painting classes, but shortly after transferred to Chicago State University to study English.


Premise: What is the aim of reinvent the toilet

Hypothesis: In 2011, the foundation launched a program called "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge" with the aim to promote the development of innovations in toilet design to benefit the 2.5 billion people that do not have access to safe and effective sanitation.


Premise: Where is the next nearest commercial crossing at the border?

Hypothesis: A second, primarily commercial border crossing operates in the Otay Mesa area; it is the largest commercial crossing on the California-Baja California border and handles the third-highest volume of trucks and dollar value of trade among all United States-Mexico land crossings.


Premise: What style is associate with other types of music?

Hypothesis: Generally, in the United States, Gibson F-hole F-5 mandolins and mandolins influenced by that design are strongly associated with bluegrass, while the A-style is associated other types of music, although it too is most often used for and associated with bluegrass.


Premise: What type of musical piece did Chopin compose for his friend's ruling father?

Hypothesis: During this period, Fryderyk was sometimes invited to the Belweder Palace as playmate to the son of the ruler of Russian Poland, Grand Duke Constantine; he played the piano for the Duke and composed a march for him.


Premise: Who did the Hongwu Emperor send convoys to?

Hypothesis: It is not clear how much the early Ming court understood the civil war going on in Tibet between rival religious sects, but the first emperor was anxious to avoid the same trouble that Tibet had caused for the Tang dynasty.


Premise: Where are the regulations from executive branch agencies found?

Hypothesis: Many statutes give executive branch agencies the power to create regulations, which are published in the Federal Register and codified into the Code of Federal Regulations.


Premise: Under Sultan Selim I the empire swallowed what sultanate in Egypt?

Hypothesis: With these conquests, Selim further solidified the Ottoman claim for being an Islamic caliphate, although Ottoman sultans had been claiming the title of caliph since the 14th century starting with Murad I (reigned 1362 to 1389).


Premise: Who controls Wake Island?

Hypothesis: The Marshall Islands also lays claim to Wake Island.


Premise: Who was president of the World Council of Churches during the 450th anniversary of the Reformation?

Hypothesis: The President of the Lutheran World Federation and member of the central committee of the World Council of Churches Fredrik A. Schiotz stated during the 450th anniversary of the Reformation, that earlier commemorations were viewed almost as a triumph.


Premise: When did LF Gary Matthews and CF Bobby Dernier come from Philadelphia to the Cubs?

Hypothesis: In spring training, moves continued: LF Gary Matthews and CF Bobby Dernier came from Philadelphia on March 26, for Bill Campbell and a minor leaguer.


Premise: Along with hot, soft, urban and Christian AC, what is another prominent time of adult contemporary music?

Hypothesis: Over the years, AC has spawned subgenres including "hot AC", "soft AC" (also known as "lite AC"), "urban AC", "rhythmic AC", and "Christian AC" (a softer type of contemporary Christian music).


Premise: What did the MoU make the manufacturers agree to do?

Hypothesis: In June 2009, many of the world's largest mobile phone manufacturers signed an EC-sponsored Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), agreeing to make most data-enabled mobile phones marketed in the European Union compatible with a common External Power Supply (EPS).


Premise: Whose property does the body of any wild animal killed or wounded become?

Hypothesis: In this case, the body of any wild animal killed or wounded becomes government property.


Premise: How many residential buildings did not meet construction standards?

Hypothesis: Given the fragile political situation of the Middle East region and the presence there of major holy sites, a quake reaching magnitude 7 on the Richter scale could have dire consequences for world peace.


Premise: On what day does The Essentials have its first airing each week?

Hypothesis: Turner Classic Movies also airs regularly scheduled weekly film blocks, which are periodically preempted for special themed month-long or seasonal scheduling events, such as the "31 Days of Oscar" film series in the month preceding the Academy Awards and the month-long "Summer Under the Stars" in August; all featured programming has their own distinctive feature presentation bumper for the particular scheduled presentation.


Premise: What was discovered in long term studies?

Hypothesis: Mevastatin was never marketed, because of its adverse effects of tumors, muscle deterioration, and sometimes death in laboratory dogs.


Premise: Most crevices are no deeper than what measure?

Hypothesis: Crevasses are seldom more than 46 m (150 ft) deep but in some cases can be 300 m (1,000 ft) or even deeper.


Premise: At which battle was Obregon badly defeated?

Hypothesis: Even though Villa's forces were badly depleted by his loss at Celaya, he continued his fight against the Carranza government.


Premise: In what year did Tito travel to China to reconcile with Chinese leadership?

Hypothesis: After the constitutional changes of 1974, Tito began reducing his role in the day-to-day running of the state.


Premise: What is the name of the lighthouse that is located on the Atlantic City coast?

Hypothesis: In Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times, and Corruption of Atlantic City, "Atlantic City's Godfather" Nelson Johnson describes the inspiration of Dr. Jonathan Pitney (the "Father of Atlantic City") to develop Atlantic City as a health resort, his efforts to convince the municipal authorities that a railroad to the beach would be beneficial, his successful alliance with Samuel Richards (entrepreneur and member of the most influential family in southern New Jersey at the time) to achieve that goal, the actual building of the railroad, and the experience of the first 600 riders, who "were chosen carefully by Samuel Richards and Jonathan Pitney":


Premise: In what institution do church courts still have relevant functions in secular society?

Hypothesis: In contrast to the other courts of England the law used in ecclesiastical matters is at least partially a civil law system, not common law, although heavily governed by parliamentary statutes.


Premise: Where are the most visited monuments located in Paris?

Hypothesis: Other landmarks are laid out east to west along the historic axis of Paris, which runs from the Louvre through the Tuileries Garden, the Luxor Column in the Place de la Concorde, the Arc de Triomphe, to the Grande Arche of La Défense.


Premise: Why did the cubs need to host their home games at an alternative site?

Hypothesis: This was approved by Major League Baseball and would have enabled the Cubs to host games 1 and 2, along with games 6 and 7 if necessary.


Premise: What aspect of modern academic philosophy is less literary than technical in nature?

Hypothesis: Some recent philosophy works are argued to merit the title "literature", but much of it does not, and some areas, such as logic, have become extremely technical to a degree similar to that of mathematics.


Premise: What type of school was Parker Elementary School?

Hypothesis: In fall of 1990, Beyoncé enrolled in Parker Elementary School, a music magnet school in Houston, where she would perform with the school's choir.


Premise: How many microbreweries exist in Richmond?

Hypothesis: Richmond is also fast-becoming known for its food scene, with several restaurants in the Fan, Church Hill, Jackson Ward and elsewhere around the city generating regional and national attention for their fare.


Premise: Since when has environmental damage in Thuringia been reduced?

Hypothesis: Environmental damage in Thuringia has been reduced to a large extent after 1990.


Premise: What does Mizrach mean in Hebrew?

Hypothesis: Easterners", Mizrach being "East" in Hebrew), that is, in reference to the diverse collection of Middle Eastern and North African Jews who are often, as a group, referred to collectively as Sephardim (together with Sephardim proper) for liturgical reasons, although Mizrahi Jewish groups and Sephardi Jews proper are ethnically distinct.


Premise: Who founded Domino's pizza?

Hypothesis: In 2000, the Ave Maria School of Law, a Roman Catholic law school established by Domino's Pizza founder Tom Monaghan, opened in northeastern Ann Arbor, but the school moved to Ave Maria, Florida in 2009, and the Thomas M. Cooley Law School acquired the former Ave Maria buildings for use as a branch campus.


Premise: How many carriers did Ozawa have?

Hypothesis: The Japanese planes would hit the U.S. carriers, land at Guam to refuel, then hit the enemy again when returning to their carriers.


Premise: What is the BSX a member of?

Hypothesis: There are four hundred securities listed on the stock exchange, of which almost three hundred are offshore funds and alternative investment structures attracted by Bermuda's regulatory environment.


Premise: Why was Keifer discredited/empty leader?

Hypothesis: He was a discredited leader in part because as Speaker he arbitrarily handed out "choice jobs to close relatives ... all at handsome salaries.


Premise: Where did the band Nonpoint form?

Hypothesis: Miami is also considered a "hot spot" for dance music, Freestyle, a style of dance music popular in the 80's and 90's heavily influenced by Electro, hip-hop, and disco.


Premise: What has served as a school of writing for many authors?

Hypothesis: Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated.


Premise: What does BOM stand for?

Hypothesis: The UCS-2 and UTF-16 encodings specify the Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM) for use at the beginnings of text files, which may be used for byte ordering detection (or byte endianness detection).


Premise: What function do small wires in a light bulb's stem perform?

Hypothesis: Small wires embedded in the stem in turn support the filament and its lead wires.


Premise: What heavily influenced nineteenth-century fictional depictions of John?

Hypothesis: Nineteenth-century fictional depictions of John were heavily influenced by Sir Walter Scott's historical romance, Ivanhoe, which presented "an almost totally unfavourable picture" of the king; the work drew on Victorian histories of the period and on Shakespeare's play.


Premise: On Neptune, what do clouds above five bars consist of?

Hypothesis: The upper-level clouds lie at pressures below one bar, where the temperature is suitable for methane to condense.


Premise: When did many of the ideas that make up western classical music take shape?

Hypothesis: The common practice period is when many of the ideas that make up western classical music took shape, standardized, or were codified.


Premise: During what period were the appreciation medals minted?

Hypothesis: Prior to the end of his second term as President, 1,451 medals were turned-in to the Bureau of the Mint and destroyed.


Premise: Nationalist in Northern Ireland want to join which country?

Hypothesis: In addition to this, voters in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland return members to a parliament in Edinburgh and to assemblies in Cardiff and Belfast respectively.


Premise: Of what was Sanskrit once thought to be a divider?

Hypothesis: Sanskrit linguist Madhav Deshpande says that when the term "Sanskrit" arose it was not thought of as a specific language set apart from other languages, but rather as a particularly refined or perfected manner of speaking.


Premise: What heavy metal group introduced darker themes to the music?

Hypothesis: Heavy metal took on "darker" characteristics after Black Sabbath's breakthrough at the beginning of the 1970s.


Premise: What is the size of the smallest bird?

Hypothesis: They rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, at approximately ten thousand, with more than half of these being passerines, sometimes known as perching birds or, less accurately, as songbirds.


Premise: Who produced Fantasia?

Hypothesis: Notable examples are Walt Disney's Fantasia, Tom and Jerry's Johann Mouse, and Warner Bros.' Rabbit of Seville and What's Opera, Doc?.


Premise: How many estimated active faults does Houston have?

Hypothesis: There have been no significant historically recorded earthquakes in Houston, but researchers do not discount the possibility of such quakes having occurred in the deeper past, nor occurring in the future.


Premise: When did Southampton officially become a city?

Hypothesis: Southampton acquired city status, becoming the City of Southampton in 1964.


Premise: People with dogs get more of what than people with cats or no animals?

Hypothesis: The results provide evidence that keeping pets may have positive effects on human health and behaviour, and that for guardians of dogs these effects are relatively long-term.


Premise: What acquired and automatically tracked incoming targets?

Hypothesis: Output from the gun-laying radar was fed to the M-9 director, an electronic analog computer developed at Bell Laboratories to calculate the lead and elevation corrections for the guns.


Premise: Who was Israel frequently attacked by?

Hypothesis: During the 1950s, Israel was frequently attacked by Palestinian fedayeen, nearly always against civilians, mainly from the Egyptian-occupied Gaza Strip, leading to several Israeli counter-raids.


Premise: What US federal law protects trade secrets?

Hypothesis: In the United States, trade secrets are protected under state law, and states have nearly universally adopted the Uniform Trade Secrets Act.


Premise: What animal does buff come from?

Hypothesis: The Muslims forbid eating buff as from Quran while Hindus eat all varieties except Cow's meat as the consider Cow to be a goddess and symbol of purity.


Premise: On what continent did the Ottoman Navy contribute most?

Hypothesis: The Ottoman Navy vastly contributed to the expansion of the Empire's territories on the European continent.


Premise: Why do Jehovah Witnesses reject inherent immortality of the soul, hellfire and Trinitarianism?

Hypothesis: They consider secular society to be morally corrupt and under the influence of Satan, and most limit their social interaction with non-Witnesses.


Premise: How many square kilometers of ocean do the Marshall Islands cover?

Hypothesis: The two island chains lie approximately parallel to one another, running northwest to southeast, comprising about 750,000 square miles (1,900,000 km2) of ocean but only about 70 square miles (180 km2) of land mass.


Premise: What is another name for Tenth Avenue?

Hypothesis: East of Amsterdam, Seminary Row bends south along Morningside Park and is resigned as Morningside Drive (Ninth Avenue).


Premise: How old was Mary when she was consecrated as a virgin?

Hypothesis: Mary was given to service as a consecrated virgin in the Temple in Jerusalem when she was three years old, much like Hannah took Samuel to the Tabernacle as recorded in the Old Testament.


Premise: How did the scheme measure desire?

Hypothesis: Berlin sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld published a scheme in 1896 that measured the strength of an individual's sexual desire on two independent 10-point scales, A (homosexual) and B (heterosexual).


Premise: At what point were all members of the household named on a census?

Hypothesis: " Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850.


Premise: Who were the future confederate generals?

Hypothesis: Serving in the Mexican defense were the cadets later immortalized as Los Niños Héroes (the "Boy Heroes").


Premise: What year were the expulsions from France?

Hypothesis: With the onset of the Crusades in 1095, and the expulsions from England (1290), France (1394), and parts of Germany (15th century), Jewish migration pushed eastward into Poland (10th century), Lithuania (10th century), and Russia (12th century).


Premise: How often are elections for mayor held in Boston?

Hypothesis: The Boston City Council is elected every two years; there are nine district seats, and four citywide "at-large" seats.


Premise: Which Heisman Trophy winner graduated from BYU?

Hypothesis: BYU also claims notable professional football players including two-time NFL MVP and Super Bowl MVP and Pro Football Hall of Fame quarterback


Premise: What other location is offered by the Greek?

Hypothesis: Some theories suggest that the Greek word cheir (χειρ) for hand includes the wrist and that the Romans were generally trained to place nails through Destot's space (between the capitate and lunate bones) without fracturing any bones.


Premise: Who was Melbourne named in honor of?

Hypothesis: It was officially declared a city by Queen Victoria in 1847, after which it became the capital of the newly founded colony of Victoria in 1851.


Premise: The large number of Jews in Pannonia formed communities and built what?

Hypothesis: Sporadic epigraphic evidence in grave site excavations, particularly in Brigetio (Szőny), Aquincum (Óbuda), Intercisa (Dunaújváros), Triccinae (Sárvár), Savaria (Szombathely), Sopianae (Pécs), and Osijek in Croatia, attest to the presence of Jews after the 2nd and 3rd centuries where Roman garrisons were established, There was a sufficient number of Jews in Pannonia to form communities and build a synagogue.


Premise: What is Punjab's biggest city?

Hypothesis: Its provincial capital and largest city is Lahore.


Premise: What did Imam Ismail pass on to his son?

Hypothesis: They followed Isma'il ibn Jafar, elder brother of Musa al-Kadhim, as the rightful Imam after his father Ja'far al-Sadiq.


Premise: On what Forbes list did Houston appear in 2013?

Hypothesis: In 2013, Houston was identified as the #1 U.S. city for job creation by the U.S. Bureau of Statistics after it was not only the first major city to regain all the jobs lost in the preceding economic downturn, but after the crash, more than two jobs were added for every one lost.


Premise: What was the main request of the Romans that Carthage turned down?

Hypothesis: However, the Romans demanded complete surrender and moval of the city into the (desert) inland far off any coastal or harbour region, and the Carthaginians refused.


Premise: What was Spain's first national police force called, in Spanish?

Hypothesis: As one of their first acts after end of the War of the Castilian Succession in 1479, Ferdinand and Isabella established the centrally organized and efficient Holy Brotherhood (Santa Hermandad) as a national police force.


Premise: Did natural history in particular become increasingly popular amoung the upper or lower classes?

Hypothesis: Natural history in particular became increasingly popular among the upper classes.


Premise: What are the names of a couple wrestling documentaries?

Hypothesis: Several documentaries have been produced looking at professional wrestling, most notably, Beyond the Mat directed by Barry W. Blaustein, and Wrestling with Shadows featuring wrestler Bret Hart and directed by Paul Jay.


Premise: If you wanted to somehow clone the original signal you could use?

Hypothesis: Generally the reflector will remain highly reflective even if it is not solid; gaps less than 1⁄10 generally have little effect on the outcome.


Premise: In the Treaty of Schönbrunn, who received the Salzburg area of the Tyrol?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, while most of the hereditary lands remained a part of the Habsburg realm, France received Carinthia, Carniola, and the Adriatic ports, while Galicia was given to the Poles and the Salzburg area of the Tyrol went to the Bavarians.


Premise: What was Madonna wearing during the performance of "Like A Virgin" at the VMA?

Hypothesis: She appeared on stage atop a giant wedding cake, wearing a wedding dress and white gloves.


Premise: Which languages are used for teaching in the schools of Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: Languages of instruction include English, Hindi, Telugu and Urdu.


Premise: What entity did Nasser spearhead that was a boon for Egypt's economy?

Hypothesis: Nasser initiated the Helwan steelworks, which subsequently became Egypt's largest enterprise, providing the country with product and tens of thousands of jobs.


Premise: Where did Adventures of Tintin debut?

Hypothesis: In early 2009, Spielberg shot the first film in a planned trilogy of motion capture films based on The Adventures of Tintin, written by Belgian artist Hergé, with Peter Jackson.


Premise: Who replaced Youlou?

Hypothesis: The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat.


Premise: Which American actress was questioned at the Hong Kong airport?

Hypothesis: Hollywood actress Mia Farrow was also briefly questioned at the Hong Kong airport though officials allowed her to enter.


Premise: For how many years is a Swazi student in junior secondary school?

Hypothesis: There is an external public examination (Junior Certificate) at the end of the junior secondary that learners have to pass to progress to the senior secondary level.


Premise: Who was defeated in the Battle of the Colline Gate?

Hypothesis: Sulla's actions marked a watershed in the willingness of Roman troops to wage war against one another that was to pave the way for the wars which ultimately overthrew the Republic, and caused the founding of the Roman Empire.


Premise: Where did Tito send Dubcek in 1968?

Hypothesis: In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia.


Premise: Who primarily initiated the clashes along the 38th parallel?

Hypothesis: On the eve of war, KMAG's commander General William Lynn Roberts voiced utmost confidence in the ROK Army and boasted that any North Korean invasion would merely provide "target practice".


Premise: Avenue or Watercourse is the literal meaning of what Spanish word?

Hypothesis: The literal meaning of the Spanish word rambla is "avenue" or "watercourse", but in the Americas it is mostly used as "coastal avenue", and since all the southern departments of Uruguay border either the Río de la Plata or the Atlantic Ocean, they all have ramblas as well.


Premise: Which Congress gave the commissioner the power to vote?

Hypothesis: The 110th Congress returned the Commissioner's power to vote in the Committee of the Whole, but not on matters where the vote would represent a decisive participation.


Premise: Who spoke disparagingly about the Drake Circus Shopping Centre?

Hypothesis: In 2004 the old Drake Circus shopping centre and Charles Cross car park were demolished and replaced by the latest Drake Circus Shopping Centre, which opened in October 2006.


Premise: In what month in 2008 did Bike Miami start?

Hypothesis: The event began in November 2008, and has doubled in popularity from 1,500 participants to about 3,000 in the October 2009 Bike Miami.


Premise: Whose service in Wenchuan was cut off?

Hypothesis: Half of the wireless communications were lost in the Sichuan province.


Premise: How do robberies at BYU's Provo compare to the national average?

Hypothesis: According to the Uniform Crime Reports, incidents of crime in Provo are lower than the national average.


Premise: In what three years was Melbourne proclaimed the "World's Ultimate Sports City"?

Hypothesis: Melbourne was proclaimed the "World's Ultimate Sports City", in 2006, 2008 and 2010.


Premise: Who expressed best wishes for the pope's health?

Hypothesis: Khrushchev would later send a message via Norman Cousins and the letter expressed his best wishes for the pontiff's ailing health.


Premise: What did these three categories correspond with?

Hypothesis: These categories directly correspond with the categories of sexual orientation used today: heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual.


Premise: What languages strongly influenced Czech?

Hypothesis: Czech (/ˈtʃɛk/; čeština Czech pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʃɛʃcɪna]), formerly known as Bohemian (/boʊˈhiːmiən, bə-/; lingua Bohemica in Latin), is a West Slavic language strongly influenced by Latin and German language, spoken by over 10 million people and it is the official language of the Czech Republic.


Premise: What dangerous metal can LEDs contain?

Hypothesis: Regarding the toxicity of LEDs when treated as waste, a study published in 2011 stated: "According to federal standards, LEDs are not hazardous except for low-intensity red LEDs, which leached Pb [lead] at levels exceeding regulatory limits (186 mg/L; regulatory limit: 5).


Premise: Houston is located in which Texas county?

Hypothesis: Houston (i/ˈhjuːstən/ HYOO-stən) is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth most populous city in the United States, located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico.


Premise: What is the common nickname of Arsenal supporters?

Hypothesis: Arsenal fans often refer to themselves as "Gooners", the name derived from the team's nickname, "The Gunners".


Premise: Who developed the concept of a German Nation?

Hypothesis: The event of the Protestant Reformation and the politics that ensued has been cited as the origins of German identity that arose in response to the spread of a common German language and literature.


Premise: By using LEDs, scanners do not have to what?

Hypothesis: Having independent control of three illuminated colors allows the scanner to calibrate itself for more accurate color balance, and there is no need for warm-up.


Premise: When was the Berlin Decree issued?

Hypothesis: In the next few months, Napoleon marched against the advancing Russian armies through Poland and was involved in the bloody stalemate at the Battle of Eylau in February 1807.


Premise: What signals plants to synchronize their internal clocks?

Hypothesis: Light is the signal by which plants synchronize their internal clocks to their environment and is sensed by a wide variety of photoreceptors.


Premise: How many tornadoes strike in Tennessee in an average year?

Hypothesis: On average, the state has 15 tornadoes per year.


Premise: Maslenitsa is celebrated in what type of nation?

Hypothesis: In Eastern Orthodox nations, Maslenitsa is celebrated during the last week before Great Lent.


Premise: Which person became vice-president of Notre Dame in 1933?

Hypothesis: He wrote, "Notre Dame football is a spiritual service because it is played for the honor and glory of God and of his Blessed Mother.


Premise: What is the purpose of charms?

Hypothesis: A vertical toolbar known as the charms (accessed by swiping from the right edge of a touchscreen, or pointing the cursor at hotspots in the right corners of a screen) provides access to system and app-related functions, such as search, sharing, device management, settings, and a Start button.


Premise: What is a plastic version of a BC108?

Hypothesis: 2N2222A in a plastic case (but a PN108 is a plastic version of a BC108, not a 2N108, while the PN100 is unrelated to other xx100 devices).


Premise: Who was controversial among Freemasons?

Hypothesis: Masonic scholar Albert Pike is often quoted (in some cases misquoted) by Protestant anti-Masons as an authority for the position of Masonry on these issues.


Premise: How tall are the mountains in Nova Scotia?

Hypothesis: Isolated peaks and small ranges in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick vary from 1,000 to 2,700 ft (300 to 800 m).


Premise: What type of degree were Thailand's technical colleges historically not allowed to confer?

Hypothesis: Most of Thailand's institutes of technology were developed from technical colleges, in the past could not grant bachelor's degrees; today, however, they are university level institutions, some of which can grant degrees to the doctoral level.


Premise: What is one religious text that was thought to eventually lead to a peace between all?

Hypothesis: With this end in view, Renaissance Church authorities afforded humanists what in retrospect appears a remarkable degree of freedom of thought.


Premise: What is the cost per province's budget?

Hypothesis: The plan spanned 3 years, and cost no less than one percent of the province or municipality's budget.


Premise: What type of houses are on display at the museum in St. Barts?

Hypothesis: The island’s history relating to French, Swedish and British period of occupation is well presented in the museum with photographs, maps and paintings.


Premise: When did Pan-Slavism develop as a movement?

Hypothesis: In the 19th century, Pan-Slavism developed as a movement among intellectuals, scholars, and poets, but it rarely influenced practical politics and did not find support in some nations that had Slavic origins.


Premise: Historically, who in particular had dogs as companions?

Hypothesis: In the 1950s and 1960s, dogs were kept outside more often than they tend to be today (using the expression "in the doghouse" to describe exclusion from the group signifies the distance between the doghouse and the home) and were still primarily functional, acting as a guard, children's playmate, or walking companion.


Premise: Who was the military theorist in 1939 who said 250,000 deaths and injury could occur in the first week of war in Britian?

Hypothesis: Based on experience with German strategic bombing during World War I against the United Kingdom, the British government estimated after the war that 50 casualties— with about one third killed— would result for every tonne of bombs dropped on London.


Premise: What advantage does a coreless rotor have over traditional variants?

Hypothesis: But because there is no metal mass in the rotor to act as a heat sink, even small coreless motors must often be cooled by forced air.


Premise: What organization did Bell set up due to his interest in aerospace?

Hypothesis: Bell was a supporter of aerospace engineering research through the Aerial Experiment Association (AEA), officially formed at Baddeck, Nova Scotia, in October 1907 at the suggestion of his wife Mabel and with her financial support after the sale of some of her real estate.


Premise: The Mrs. Carter Show Limited Edition was released in what year?

Hypothesis: The commercial, which featured the 1956 song "Fever", was shown after the water shed in the United Kingdom as it begins with an image of Beyoncé appearing to lie naked in a room.


Premise: What percentage of the ore concentrate is zinc?

Hypothesis: This concentrate consists of about 50% zinc with the rest being sulfur (32%), iron (13%), and SiO_2 (5%).


Premise: What visual cues are characteristic of aposematism?

Hypothesis: Aposematism, where organisms are brightly colored as a warning to predators, is the antithesis of camouflage.


Premise: What is another name for canon law?

Hypothesis: Both secular law and canon law, or ecclesiastical law, were studied in the High Middle Ages.


Premise: What is the mission set of the Air Force called that includes nuclear strike operations?

Hypothesis: The Air Force maintains and presents credible deterrent capabilities through successful visible demonstrations and exercises which assure allies, dissuade proliferation, deter potential adversaries from actions that threaten US national security or the populations and deployed military forces of the US, its allies and friends.


Premise: What is STOIC's modern name?

Hypothesis: Imperial College TV_ICTV


Premise: What year did Banister Court Stadium close its doors for good?

Hypothesis: It returned in the 1940s after WW2 and the Saints operated until the stadium closed down at the end of 1963.


Premise: How much of Iran's 33k megawatt installed capacity was based on oil?

Hypothesis: Of that amount, about 75% was based on natural gas, 18% on oil, and 7% on hydroelectric power.


Premise: Who did an Ottoman sultan order to translate work by Ptolemy?

Hypothesis: Sultan Mehmet II ordered Georgios Amiroutzes, a Greek scholar from Trabzon, to translate and make available to Ottoman educational institutions the geography book of Ptolemy.


Premise: On what date did the Battle of Borodino take place?

Hypothesis: Napoleon's own account was: "The most terrible of all my battles was the one before Moscow.


Premise: What does cabin pressure control do?

Hypothesis: The high-speed observation deck elevators accelerate to a world-record certified speed of 1,010 metres per minute (61 km/h) in 16 seconds, and then it slows down for arrival with subtle air pressure sensations.


Premise: With whom did Dominic travel with to Denmark?

Hypothesis: At that time the south of France was the stronghold of the Cathar or Albigensian heresy, named after the Duke of Albi, a Cathar sympathiser and opponent to the subsequent Albigensian Crusade (1209–1229).


Premise: Where is the mined bitumen taken for refining?

Hypothesis: After extraction from the sand, the bitumen is fed into a bitumen upgrader which converts it into a light crude oil equivalent.


Premise: Who invented the point-contact transistor?

Hypothesis: Realizing that Bell Labs' scientists had already invented the transistor before them, the company rushed to get its "transistron" into production for amplified use in France's telephone network.


Premise: What was a common belief about vacuums and nature?

Hypothesis: The commonly held view that nature abhorred a vacuum was called horror vacui.


Premise: What is another name for the Republic of China?

Hypothesis: The head of government of the People's Republic of China is referred to as the Premier of the State Council and the premier of the Republic of China (Taiwan) is also appointed by the president, but requires no approval by the legislature.


Premise: What is the size of the average household?

Hypothesis: The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.20.


Premise: Which London museum is prominently located in Trafalgar Square?

Hypothesis: The first of these to be established was the British Museum in Bloomsbury, in 1753.


Premise: How many speeches did Nasser give?

Hypothesis: Historian Elie Podeh wrote that a constant theme of Nasser's image was "his ability to represent Egyptian authenticity, in triumph or defeat".


Premise: Who was the CEO of Apple during the Test Drive a Macintosh promotion?

Hypothesis: This marketing campaign caused CEO John Sculley to raise the price from US$1,995 to US$2,495 (about $5,200 when adjusted for inflation in 2010).


Premise: What part of North America did Britain end up with?

Hypothesis: The exchanges suited the British as well, as their own Caribbean islands already supplied ample sugar, and, with the acquisition of New France and Florida, they now controlled all of North America east of the Mississippi.


Premise: What type of bars and walls beyond physical ones does Alexander think people are behind?

Hypothesis: Mass incarceration is also, "the larger web of laws, rules, policies, and customs that control those labeled criminals both in and out of prison.


Premise: Which part of the city has a large Jewish area?

Hypothesis: South Philadelphia remains one of the largest Italian neighborhoods in the country and is home to the Italian Market.


Premise: Who else publishes along with IESNA?

Hypothesis: This data is typically expressed in standardized form defined by the IESNA.


Premise: Where did florida rank in population growth

Hypothesis: Florida was the seventh fastest-growing state in the U.S. in the 12-month period ending July 1, 2012.


Premise: How many zones are the Alps split into?

Hypothesis: The climate, plant life and animal life vary among the different sections or zones of the mountains.


Premise: What is the best know musical genre amongst the Tigrinya?

Hypothesis: Amongst the Tigrinya, the best known traditional musical genre is the guaila.


Premise: Name the Digimon video game that was released in 1999.

Hypothesis: Several seasons of the anime and films based on them have aired, and the video game series has expanded into genres such as role-playing, racing, fighting, and MMORPGs.


Premise: How did Nigerians view the Shagari administration?

Hypothesis: The Shagari government became viewed as corrupt and incompetent by virtually all sectors of Nigerian society.


Premise: What act did Britain use to implement the use of the Gregorian calendar?

Hypothesis: Most Western European countries changed the start of the year to 1 January before they adopted the Gregorian calendar.


Premise: What was the estimated value of CDO issuance at it's peak in Q1 2007?

Hypothesis: Further, the credit quality of CDO's declined from 2000 to 2007, as the level of subprime and other non-prime mortgage debt increased from 5% to 36% of CDO assets.


Premise: When did Knorr die?

Hypothesis: In 1995, Jehovah's Witnesses abandoned the idea that Armageddon must occur during the lives of the generation that was alive in 1914 and in 2013 changed their teaching on the "generation".


Premise: In what decade did the first Masonic lodges appear on the Continent?

Hypothesis: This was especially true on the Continent: when the first lodges began to appear in the 1730s, their embodiment of British values was often seen as threatening by state authorities.


Premise: What usually happens regarding a championship during a draw?

Hypothesis: Traditionally, a championship may not change hands in the event of a draw (though it may become vacant), though some promotions such as TNA have endorsed rules where the champion may lose a title by disqualification.


Premise: What does using the sun for direction involve?

Hypothesis: Using the sun for direction involves the need for making compensation based on the time.


Premise: According to the 2000 United States Census, what was the population density?

Hypothesis: The population density was 3,569.8 people per square mile (1,378.3/km2).


Premise: In what country was the first case of totally drug-resistant tuberculosis?

Hypothesis: It was first observed in 2003 in Italy, but not widely reported until 2012, and has also been found in Iran and India.


Premise: What film studio was brought back in May 2015?

Hypothesis: In May 2015, Gramercy Pictures was revived by Focus Features as a genre label, that concentrated on action, sci-fi, and horror films.


Premise: What is the goal of Civano?

Hypothesis: The area is considered to be south of Golf Links Road.


Premise: Which type of philosophers argued that excessive dependence on reason was a mistake perpetuated by the Enlightenment?

Hypothesis: As the Enlightenment was ending, Romantic philosophers argued that excessive dependence on reason was a mistake perpetuated by the Enlightenment, because it disregarded the bonds of history, myth, faith and tradition that were necessary to hold society together.


Premise: Livingston and Dobzhansky disagree on whether the race concept is what?

Hypothesis: They differ on whether the race concept remains a meaningful and useful social convention.


Premise: When was the Domus Aurea constructed?

Hypothesis: In Rome, Nero and his architects used mosaics to cover some surfaces of walls and ceilings in the Domus Aurea, built 64 AD, and wall mosaics are also found at Pompeii and neighbouring sites.


Premise: When was the divorce finalized between Madonna and Ritchie?

Hypothesis: Problems also arose between Madonna and Ritchie, with the media reporting that they were on the verge of separation.


Premise: When did King Edward the Confessor die?

Hypothesis: The building was not completed until around 1090 but was consecrated on 28 December 1065, only a week before Edward's death on 5 January 1066.


Premise: In what state are copies of the Quran sometime wrapped in cloth and buried?

Hypothesis: Worn-out copies of the Quran are wrapped in a cloth and stored indefinitely in a safe place, buried in a mosque or a Muslim cemetery, or burned and the ashes buried or scattered over water.


Premise: What is the name of Portugal's central bank?

Hypothesis: Portugal's central bank is the Banco de Portugal, an integral part of the European System of Central Banks.


Premise: What is the average day temperature on the coast in June and September?

Hypothesis: Inland temperatures are more extreme, with colder winters and hotter summers compared with the coast of the island.


Premise: What did reviewer GB Mathews say algebraic structures possessed?

Hypothesis: At the time structures such as Lie algebras and hyperbolic quaternions drew attention to the need to expand algebraic structures beyond the associatively multiplicative class.


Premise: When were the 30 team members sworn in?

Hypothesis: The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to escort the flame throughout its journey.


Premise: A few of the sutras for Mahayanists became a manifestation of who?

Hypothesis: Some of these sutras became for Mahayanists a manifestation of the Buddha himself, and faith in and veneration of those texts are stated in some sutras (e.g. the Lotus Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra) to lay the foundations for the later attainment of Buddhahood itself.


Premise: How big is Epulopiscium bacteria?

Hypothesis: Some bacteria may be even smaller, but these ultramicrobacteria are not well-studied.


Premise: What song was sung at Chopin's funeral?

Hypothesis: Mozart's Requiem was sung at the funeral; the soloists were the soprano Jeanne-Anais Castellan, the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot, the tenor Alexis Dupont, and the bass Luigi Lablache;


Premise: The new line is (carriageway) would link which other intersections?

Hypothesis: The line plans to link up the interchange of Hœrdt to the north of Strasbourg, with Innenheim in the southwest.


Premise: How much did Viacom want in damages in their lawsuit against youtube?

Hypothesis: Viacom, demanding $1 billion in damages, said that it had found more than 150,000 unauthorized clips of its material on YouTube that had been viewed "an astounding 1.5 billion times".


Premise: According to International Telecommunication Union (ITU) policies, who is given higher priority to a specific frequency band?

Hypothesis: The fact of overlapping could be convenient from the point of view of the receiver design, but on the other hand raises the issues of inter-system interference, especially within E1 and E2 bands, which are allocated for Galileo's publicly regulated service.


Premise: What were the estimated daily sales in Liverpool 25 years later?

Hypothesis: It was revealed in a documentary called Alexei Sayle's Liverpool, aired in September 2008, that many Liverpudlians will not even take the newspaper for free, and those who do may simply burn or tear it up.


Premise: How far away was the potential conflict Burke argued against?

Hypothesis: The fourth and final reason to avoid the use of force was experience; the British had never attempted to rein in an unruly colony by force, and they did not know if it could be done, let alone accomplished thousands of miles away from home.


Premise: What type of art might one encounter at Lalithakala Thoranam?

Hypothesis: Although not a purely music oriented event, Numaish, a popular annual exhibition of local and national consumer products, does feature some musical performances.


Premise: What was the latest legal closing time on Sundays in English pubs as of 2000?

Hypothesis: In addition, many cities had by-laws to allow some pubs to extend opening hours to midnight or 1 am, whilst nightclubs had long been granted late licences to serve alcohol into the morning.


Premise: Why is the meat of geese considered fatty ?

Hypothesis: The Chinese goose is more aggressive and noisy than other geese and can be used as a guard animal to warn of intruders.


Premise: Which Journalist was sued for publishing discriminatory comments?

Hypothesis: In 2012, a number of high-profile cases highlighted the legal and community attitude that identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander is not dependent on skin colour, with a well-known boxer Anthony Mundine being widely criticised for questioning the "blackness" of another boxer and journalist Andrew Bolt being successfully sued for publishing discriminatory comments about Aboriginals with light skin.


Premise: What year did one the first community service usages of videoconferencing take place?

Hypothesis: Over the next 15 years, Project DIANE (Diversified Information and Assistance Network) grew to utilize a variety of videoconferencing platforms to create a multi-state cooperative public service and distance education network consisting of several hundred schools, neighborhood centers, libraries, science museums, zoos and parks, public assistance centers, and other community oriented organizations.


Premise: What languages were freely mixed?

Hypothesis: Sarmatism served to integrate the multi-ethnic nobility as it created an almost nationalistic sense of unity and pride in the szlachta's "Golden Liberty" (złota wolność).


Premise: What conditions were suppressed in the 28 hour wake-sleep cycle studies ?

Hypothesis: Studies by Nathaniel Kleitman in 1938 and by Derk-Jan Dijk and Charles Czeisler in the 1990s put human subjects on enforced 28-hour sleep–wake cycles, in constant dim light and with other time cues suppressed, for over a month.


Premise: Which childhood friend worked on Spielberg's films?

Hypothesis: For cinematography, Allen Daviau, a childhood friend and cinematographer, shot the early Spielberg film Amblin and most of his films up to Empire of the Sun; Janusz Kamiński who has shot every Spielberg film since Schindler's List (see List of film director and cinematographer collaborations); and the film editor Michael Kahn who has edited every film directed by Spielberg from Close Encounters to Munich (except E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial).


Premise: To what other paving material is Selenizza added?

Hypothesis: It may be blended with the hot bitumen in tanks, but its granular form allows it to be fed in the mixer or in the recycling ring of normal asphalt plants.


Premise: What magnifies the small radiation resistance of a loop?

Hypothesis: Resonating such an inductor with a capacitor at the frequency of operation not only cancels the reactance but greatly magnifies the very small radiation resistance of such a loop.[citation needed]


Premise: How many times has KU been one of the last four teams competing at the National Debate Championships?

Hypothesis: Kansas has won the tournament 5 times (1954, 1970, 1976, 1983, and 2009) and had 12 teams make it to the final four.


Premise: The First Opium War led to Britain seizing what island?

Hypothesis: In 1839, the confiscation by the Chinese authorities at Canton of 20,000 chests of opium led Britain to attack China in the First Opium War, and resulted in the seizure by Britain of Hong Kong Island, at that time a minor settlement.


Premise: What was the span of the Mature Harappan period?

Hypothesis: This civilization collapsed at the start of the second millennium BCE and was later followed by the Iron Age Vedic Civilization, which extended over much of the Indo-Gangetic plain and which witnessed the rise of major polities known as the Mahajanapadas.


Premise: Where is the basic MP3 decoding and technology patent free?

Hypothesis: The basic MP3 decoding and encoding technology is patent-free in the European Union, all patents having expired there.


Premise: What German word is also suggestive deriving from  szlachta?

Hypothesis: Early Polish historians thought the term may have derived from the name of the legendary proto-Polish chief, Lech, mentioned in Polish and Czech writings.


Premise: What year was the Cambridge Agreement signed?

Hypothesis: Over the next 130 years, the city participated in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their native allies in North America.


Premise: What happens during Hybrid Boot mode?

Hypothesis: New features and functionality in Windows 8 include a faster startup through UEFI integration and the new "Hybrid Boot" mode (which hibernates the Windows kernel on shutdown to speed up the subsequent boot), a new lock screen with a clock and notifications, and the ability for enterprise users to create live USB versions of Windows (known as Windows To Go).


Premise: What work did the Bishop suggest for Athanasius?

Hypothesis: He invited Athanasius and his playfellows to prepare for clerical careers.


Premise: How much snow did Raleigh get on January 24, 2000?

Hypothesis: On January 24–25, 2000, Raleigh received its greatest snowfall from a single storm – 20.3 inches (52 cm)


Premise: How much did it cost to make one 20 GB PS3?

Hypothesis: PlayStation 3's initial production cost is estimated by iSuppli to have been US$805.85 for the 20 GB model and US$840.35 for the 60 GB model.


Premise: What was Detroit ranked as in a 2010 study on segregated cities?

Hypothesis: A 2011 op-ed in The New York Times attributed the decreased segregation rating to the overall exodus from the city, cautioning that these areas may soon become more segregated.


Premise: During what era was the central Sudan rich in environment?

Hypothesis: By the 5th millennium BCE, the people who inhabited what is now called Nubia, were full participants in the "agricultural revolution", living a settled lifestyle with domesticated plants and animals.


Premise: What other cultures are said to be separated by space, what is actually meant?

Hypothesis: For example, the classic of urban anthropology, Ulf Hannerz in the introduction to his seminal Exploring the City: Inquiries Toward an Urban Anthropology mentions that the "Third World" had habitually received most of attention; anthropologists who traditionally specialized in "other cultures" looked for them far away and started to look "across the tracks" only in late 1960s.


Premise: What were the walls of Neapolis meant to do?

Hypothesis: The neapolis was erected towards the east and along with it, monumental walls around the whole settlement were built to prevent attacks from foreign threats.


Premise: Name a reason to take a database backward in time?

Hypothesis: When this state is needed, i.e., when it is decided by a database administrator to bring the database back to this state (e.g., by specifying this state by a desired point in time when the database was in this state), these files are utilized to restore that state.


Premise: When was a demonstration by Henry Babbage of the mill given?

Hypothesis: He gave a successful demonstration of its use in computing tables in 1906.


Premise: What military tactic proved to be unsuccessful on the 1914 battlefields?

Hypothesis: The attack was a costly success and came to be known as "von Bredow's Death Ride", which was held to prove that cavalry charges could still prevail on the battlefield.


Premise: Who was the leader of BBC Television in 2006?

Hypothesis: The new group was part of larger restructuring within the BBC with the onset of new media outlets and technology.


Premise: What did Paul VI want to keep open with the modern world and people from all walks of life?

Hypothesis: He told them that in Milan he started a dialogue with the modern world and asked them to seek contact with all people from all walks of life.


Premise: What is the second highest demographic for households?

Hypothesis: There were 230,233 households, 29.4% of which had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.4% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.4% were non-families.


Premise: Who created the Intel 4004 microprocessor?

Hypothesis: This new development heralded an explosion in the commercial and personal use of computers and led to the invention of the microprocessor.


Premise: The theorbo and what other Baroque instrument fell into disuse?

Hypothesis: While some Baroque instruments fell into disuse (e.g., the theorbo and rackett), many Baroque instruments were changed into the versions that are still in use today, such as the Baroque violin (which became the violin), the Baroque oboe (which became the oboe) and the Baroque trumpet, which transitioned to the regular valved trumpet.


Premise: When did Darwin publish his own explanation of the question of the evolution of man and ape?

Hypothesis: In two years of acrimonious public dispute that Charles Kingsley satirised as the "Great Hippocampus Question" and parodied in The Water-Babies as the "great hippopotamus test", Huxley showed that Owen was incorrect in asserting that ape brains lacked a structure present in human brains.


Premise: The Astasahasrika Prajnaparamita Sutra is an important text of what type?

Hypothesis: The Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra, an early and important Mahayana text, contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva: "Because he has enlightenment as his aim, a bodhisattva-mahāsattva is so called."


Premise: Where did Asia begin?

Hypothesis: Asia began on the coast of Anatolia ("land of the rising sun").


Premise: Why was the school named Yale College?

Hypothesis: Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut.


Premise: How many total Nobel prizes were awarded to Swiss scientists?

Hypothesis: In total, 113 Nobel Prize winners in all fields stand in relation to Switzerland[note 11] and the Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded nine times to organisations residing in Switzerland.


Premise: What type of instruments were prominent in soft rock?

Hypothesis: Soft rock was often derived from folk rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody and harmonies.


Premise: Where did Kerry speak in Nov 2013?

Hypothesis: He went on to explain, "The relationship that we seek and that we have worked hard to foster is not about a United States declaration about how and when it will intervene in the affairs of other American states.


Premise: Why was solar technology developed in the 1860s?

Hypothesis: The early development of solar technologies starting in the 1860s was driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce.


Premise: What did James believe a stimulus act upon to produce emotion?

Hypothesis: To account for different types of emotional experiences, James proposed that stimuli trigger activity in the autonomic nervous system, which in turn produces an emotional experience in the brain.


Premise: Which hormones are produces when a animal is stressed out?

Hypothesis: Behavioural research on animals shows that chronic stress produces adrenal hormones which impact the hippocampal structure in the brains of rats.


Premise: What is the largest city owned gas utility?

Hypothesis: Founded in 1836, the company came under city ownership in 1987 and has been providing the majority of gas distributed within city limits.


Premise: What defines photo metric data?

Hypothesis: Manufacturers of lighting equipment publish photometric data for their products, which defines the distribution of light released by a specific luminaire.


Premise: Name three early Protestant reformers.

Hypothesis: Reformed churches were founded primarily in Germany and its adjacent regions,[l] Hungary,[m] the Netherlands,[n] Scotland,[o] Switzerland,[p] and France[q] by such reformers as John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli, and John Knox.


Premise: When did Agence open in Paris?

Hypothesis: Agence France-Presse is France's oldest, and one of the world's oldest, continually operating news agencies.


Premise: What happens when an alloy is mixed with a molten base?

Hypothesis: An alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal.


Premise: Toward what area did the New Haven militia march for three days following the powder house incident?

Hypothesis: On 23 April 1775, which is still celebrated in New Haven as Powder House Day, the Second Company, Governor's Foot Guard, of New Haven entered the struggle against the governing British parliament.


Premise: What does the AR in Marvel AR stand for?

Hypothesis: Marvel discontinued its Marvel Adventures imprint in March 2012, and replaced them with a line of two titles connected to the Marvel Universe TV block.


Premise: What investor bought Iscar?

Hypothesis: Since the 1970s, Israel has received military aid from the United States, as well as economic assistance in the form of loan guarantees, which now account for roughly half of Israel's external debt.


Premise: When did New York City annex Morrisania?

Hypothesis: The consolidation of the Bronx into New York City proceeded in two stages.


Premise: What is the source of much of BYU's funding?

Hypothesis: An education at BYU is also less expensive than at similar private universities, since "a significant portion" of the cost of operating the university is subsidized by the church's tithing funds.


Premise: Who speculates that *slava derives from a reconstructed Proto-Indo-European *(s)lawos?

Hypothesis: S.B. Bernstein speculates that it derives from a reconstructed Proto-Indo-European *(s)lawos, cognate to Ancient Greek λαός laós "population, people," which itself has no commonly accepted etymology.


Premise: Ganglia are connected into a what?

Hypothesis: Some insects, like the house fly Musca domestica, have all the body ganglia fused into a single large thoracic ganglion.


Premise: What type of practices did John D. Rockefeller exhibit in the oil industry?

Hypothesis: Using highly effective tactics and aggressive practices, later widely criticized, Standard Oil absorbed or destroyed most of its competition.


Premise: What are the obstacles he claims are to ending child labor?

Hypothesis: However, in poor countries like Bangladesh, working children are essential for survival in many families, as they were in our own heritage until the late 19th century.


Premise: The Russo-Turkish War resulted in what treaty?

Hypothesis: The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca of 1774 ended the war and provided freedom to worship for the Christian citizens of the Ottoman-controlled provinces of Wallachia and Moldavia.


Premise: What was the most common historical method of execution in the United States?

Hypothesis: Historically, burning, crushing, breaking on wheel, and bludgeoning were used for a small number of executions, while hanging was the most common method.


Premise: What is the Earth's most southern volcano?

Hypothesis: Mount Erebus on Ross Island is the world's southernmost active volcano.


Premise: What is the driving force behind voluntary green electricity within the EU?

Hypothesis: The driving force behind voluntary green electricity within the EU are the liberalized electricity markets and the RES Directive.


Premise: What was Mohammed Awale Liban by profession?

Hypothesis: Upon independence in 1960, the flag was adopted as the national flag of the nascent Somali Republic.


Premise: What's the storage capacity of the iPod Shuffle?

Hypothesis: Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices.


Premise: According to Atticus, most people are how when you truly view them?

Hypothesis: Atticus, he was real nice," to which he responds, "Most people are, Scout, when you finally see them."


Premise: What two general aviation airports are operated by the San Diego Regional Airport Authority?

Hypothesis: It is operated by an independent agency, the San Diego Regional Airport Authority.


Premise: what unusual single did derrick may release, featuring a darker strain of house?

Hypothesis: Atkins, a former member of Cybotron, released Model 500 "No UFOs" in 1985, which became a regional hit, followed by dozens of tracks on Transmat, Metroplex and Fragile.


Premise: In what year did Rogers Cable begin to include TCM?

Hypothesis: Rogers Cable started offering TCM in December 2006 as a free preview for subscribers of its digital cable tier, and was added to its analogue tier in February 2007.


Premise: Where is the Semetic Akkadian language found preserved after 2800 BC?

Hypothesis: There are texts written entirely in Old Akkadian dating from c. 2500 BC.


Premise: In addition to cyberctm.com, what other website was shut down for two days?

Hypothesis: A Macau resident was arrested on April 26 for posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt the relay.


Premise: What is the name of the hospital in West Raleigh?

Hypothesis: These are located approximately 2 miles from Rex Hospital.


Premise: Which general opened the battle with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division?

Hypothesis: By 12:00, General Manstein opened up the battle before the village of Amanvillers with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division.


Premise: On what campus is the University of Kansas School of Engineering located?

Hypothesis: The KU School of Engineering is an ABET accredited, public engineering school located on the main campus.


Premise: How many generations of European Ancestors does Sandra Laing have?

Hypothesis: Sandra Laing is a South African woman who was classified as Coloured by authorities during the apartheid era, due to her skin colour and hair texture, although her parents could prove at least three generations of European ancestors.


Premise: Who was the first Page 3 topless model?

Hypothesis: A topless Page 3 model gradually became a regular fixture, and with increasingly risqué poses.


Premise: Are Greenland's glacial earthquakes increasing or decreasing as time goes on?

Hypothesis: The number of glacial earthquakes in Greenland peaks every year in July, August and September and is increasing over time.


Premise: What results did proper religious practices produce?

Hypothesis: Proper, respectful religio brought social harmony and prosperity.


Premise: How are bergschrunds different than crevasses?

Hypothesis: Bergschrunds resemble crevasses but are singular features at a glacier's margins.


Premise: Which individual commissioned Chaminar?

Hypothesis: The Qutb Shahis and Nizams established Hyderabad as a cultural hub, attracting men of letters from different parts of the world.


Premise: What percent of normal matter is hydrogen?

Hypothesis: Hydrogen plays a vital role in powering stars through the proton-proton reaction and the CNO cycle nuclear fusion.


Premise: For what reason is the term "Serbo-Croatian" controversial today?

Hypothesis: Today, use of the term "Serbo-Croatian" is controversial due to the prejudice that nation and language must match.


Premise: What is the second tallest building in Houston?

Hypothesis: In 1983, the 71-floor, 992-foot (302 m)-tall Wells Fargo Plaza (formerly Allied Bank Plaza) was completed, becoming the second-tallest building in Houston and Texas.


Premise: What are most 78 rpm records made of?

Hypothesis: Despite all these attempts at innovation, shellac compounds continued to be used for the overwhelming majority of commercial 78 rpm records during the lifetime of the format.


Premise: What was the torch relay referred to as by organizers?

Hypothesis: The relay, also called by the organizers as the "Journey of Harmony", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi


Premise: What console eventually passed the 360 in total sales?

Hypothesis: In May 2008 Microsoft announced that 10 million Xbox 360s had been sold and that it was the "first current generation gaming console" to surpass the 10 million figure in the US.


Premise: During the Migrations period Germans would encounter what group in the south?

Hypothesis: The Germanic peoples during the Migrations Period came into contact with other peoples; in the case of the populations settling in the territory of modern Germany, they encountered Celts to the south, and Balts and Slavs towards the east.


Premise: Why is the National bird of importance?

Hypothesis: It is important as an example of a Lazarus species.


Premise: What term can mean a non-fiction piece of a collection of short pieces?

Hypothesis: In English-speaking countries, bound volumes of comics are called graphic novels and are available in various formats.


Premise: When was the coronation of Elizabeth as Queen?

Hypothesis: Despite the death of Queen Mary on 24 March, the coronation on 2 June 1953 went ahead as planned, as Mary had asked before she died.


Premise: How did sarmatism effect szlachta culture?

Hypothesis: Sarmatism served to integrate the multi-ethnic nobility as it created an almost nationalistic sense of unity and pride in the szlachta's "Golden Liberty" (złota wolność).


Premise: What is the national average of obtaining a bachelor's degree?

Hypothesis: Of the city's population over the age of 25, 53.8% (vs. a national average of 27.4%) hold a bachelor's degree or higher, and 91.9% (vs. 84.5% nationally) have a high school diploma or equivalent.


Premise: Which rock band cited Beyonce on their third album?

Hypothesis: American indie rock band White Rabbits also cited her an inspiration for their third album Milk Famous (2012), friend Gwyneth Paltrow studied Beyoncé at her live concerts while learning to become a musical performer for the 2010 film Country Strong.


Premise: What ideology was sponsored at the Ming court?

Hypothesis: Grand Secretary Yang Tinghe under Jiajing was determined to break the eunuch influence at court which typified the Zhengde era, an example being the costly escort of the eunuch Liu Yun as described above in his failed mission to Tibet.


Premise: How many French soldiers occupied Hanover?

Hypothesis: After Napoleon imposed the Convention of Artlenburg (Convention of the Elbe) on July 5, 1803, about 30,000 French soldiers occupied Hanover.


Premise: During which prehistoric age was the Greek language invented?

Hypothesis: Many of these regions coincided to a large extent with the borders of the Byzantine Empire of the late 11th century and the Eastern Mediterranean areas of ancient Greek colonization.


Premise: Who does the Goddard Space Flight Center belong to?

Hypothesis: The intruders were able to obtain classified files, such as air tasking order systems data and furthermore able to penetrate connected networks of National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Goddard Space Flight Center, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, some Defense contractors, and other private sector organizations, by posing as a trusted Rome center user.


Premise: What year did Schwarzenegger sell Schatzi on Main?

Hypothesis: In 1998, he sold his restaurant.


Premise: What do bison still remain?

Hypothesis: However, the vast herds of bison attracted market hunters, who killed dozens of bison for their hides only, leaving the rest to rot.


Premise: How many Americans live in the Congo?

Hypothesis: Before the 1997 war, about 9,000 Europeans and other non-Africans lived in Congo, most of whom were French; only a fraction of this number remains.


Premise: What is one of the problems that currently effects property values in Detroit?

Hypothesis: Following the shift of population and jobs to its suburbs or other states or nations, the city has focused on becoming the metropolitan region's employment and economic center.


Premise: Who used arquebuses a lot?

Hypothesis: Attacking from the "sanctuary" of Buddhist temples, they were constant headaches to any warlord and even the Emperor who tried to control their actions.


Premise: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station is located in what state?

Hypothesis: The Soviet success caused public controversy in the United States, and Eisenhower ordered the civilian rocket and satellite project, Vanguard, to move up its timetable and launch its satellite much sooner than originally planned.


Premise: When is it possible for baccteria is enter into poultry before you get it home?

Hypothesis: A 2011 study by the Translational Genomics Research Institute showed that 47% of the meat and poultry sold in United States grocery stores was contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, and 52% of the bacteria concerned showed resistance to at least three groups of antibiotics.


Premise: What is the highest Whitehead was trained in philosophy?

Hypothesis: In fact, he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education.


Premise: Who was the Needham Research Institute named after?

Hypothesis: Western academic thought on the history of Chinese technology and science was galvanized by the work of Joseph Needham and the Needham Research Institute.


Premise: What was the likely cause of death for Chopin?

Hypothesis: He died in Paris in 1849, probably of tuberculosis.


Premise: How many Turkish Cypriots were displaced due to the violence?

Hypothesis: The violence resulted in the death of 364 Turkish and 174 Greek Cypriots, destruction of 109 Turkish Cypriot or mixed villages and displacement of 25,000-30,000 Turkish Cypriots.


Premise: What regional ITV station serves Plymouth?

Hypothesis: A team of journalists are headquartered at Plymouth for the ITV West Country regional station, after a merger with ITV West forced ITV Westcountry to close on 16 February 2009.


Premise: In what is the torch flame kept lit when the torch must be off?

Hypothesis: The Olympic Flame is supposed to remain lit for the whole relay.


Premise: At what temperature does a thermal radiator most efficiently produce light?

Hypothesis: Donald L. Klipstein explains it this way: "An ideal thermal radiator produces visible light most efficiently at temperatures around 6,300 °C (6,600 K; 11,400 °F).


Premise: What is the date the active phase of the financial crisis began as a liquidity crisis?

Hypothesis: The crisis played a significant role in the failure of key businesses, declines in consumer wealth estimated in trillions of U.S. dollars, and a downturn in economic activity leading to the 2008–2012 global recession and contributing to the European sovereign-debt crisis.


Premise: During which years was the Portuguese Colonial War fought?

Hypothesis: Portugal also conducted several independent unilateral military operations abroad, as were the cases of the interventions of the Portuguese Armed Forces in Angola in 1992 and in Guinea-Bissau in 1998 with the main objectives of protecting and withdrawing of Portuguese and foreign citizens threatened by local civil conflicts.


Premise: Nigeria was under military rule for how long?

Hypothesis: This ended almost 33 years of military rule (from 1966 until 1999), excluding the short-lived second republic (between 1979 and 1983) by military dictators who seized power in coups d'état and counter-coups during the Nigerian military juntas of 1966–1979 and 1983–1998.


Premise: When was the Mann Act passed?

Hypothesis: In the same year, its name was officially changed from the Division of Investigation to the present-day Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI.


Premise: What is the literacy rate of New Delhi according to the 2011 census?

Hypothesis: New Delhi has a literacy rate of 89.38% according to 2011 census, which is highest in Delhi.


Premise: Which 2 centers are recognized for their particularly great quality of life?

Hypothesis: In international comparison the importance of these urban areas is stronger than their number of inhabitants suggests.


Premise: How many Fortune 1000 companies are based in Oklahoma?

Hypothesis: Oklahoma is an important producer of natural gas, aircraft, and food.


Premise: How much more money did Spectre make during its first weekend in China than Skyfall?

Hypothesis: In its second weekend, it added $12.1 million falling precipitously by 75% which is the second worst second weekend drop for any major Hollywood release in China of 2015.


Premise: Where did Ibn Sina hope to flee to after Hamadan?

Hypothesis: When the storm had passed, Ibn Sina returned with the emir to Hamadan, and carried on his literary labors.


Premise: How did Dou Wu pass away?

Hypothesis: When the retainers gradually deserted Dou Wu, he was forced to commit suicide.


Premise: Where has the providence petrel been seen breeding on Norfolk Island?

Hypothesis: The providence petrel was hunted to local extinction by the beginning of the 19th century, but has shown signs of returning to breed on Phillip Island.


Premise: Which street does Club Row occur on?

Hypothesis: 27th Street is a one-way street runs from Second Avenue to the West Side Highway with an interruption between Eighth Avenue and Tenth Avenue.


Premise: In Czech, what type of words do the characters "q", "w" and "x" exclusively appear in?

Hypothesis: Its thirty-one graphemes represent thirty sounds (in most dialects, i and y have the same sound), and it contains only one digraph: ch, which follows h in the alphabet.


Premise: What group declared the healing a miracle by Paul VI?

Hypothesis: This report from the magazine further stated that several cardinals and bishops would meet on 5 May to confirm the miracle that had previously been approved, and then present it to Pope Francis who may sign the decree for beatification shortly after that.


Premise: What era preceded the Neolithic?

Hypothesis: It ended when metal tools became widespread (in the Copper Age or Bronze Age; or, in some geographical regions, in the Iron Age).


Premise: Who was Kerry a personal aide for?

Hypothesis: On April 11, 1969, he reported to the Brooklyn-based Atlantic Military Sea Transportation Service, where he would remain on active duty for the following year as a personal aide to an officer, Rear Admiral Walter Schlech.


Premise: For small dogs, what is the average number of pups in a litter?

Hypothesis: An average litter consists of about six puppies, though this number may vary widely based on the breed of dog.


Premise: Who took control of Egypt from Sasanian Persian rule?

Hypothesis: Sasanian War of 602–628 during which they established a new short-lived province for ten years known as Sasanian Egypt, until 639–42, when Egypt was invaded and conquered by the Islamic Empire by the Muslim Arabs.


Premise: What was the name of the poet Chopin became acquainted with in Paris?

Hypothesis: Chopin was also acquainted with the poet Adam Mickiewicz, principal of the Polish Literary Society, some of whose verses he set as songs.


Premise: What makes up majority of the eastern Sichuan province?

Hypothesis: The western Sichuan consists of the numerous mountain ranges forming the easternmost part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which are known generically as Hengduan Mountains.


Premise: What parts of China did they come from?

Hypothesis: The Manchus are sometimes mistaken for a nomadic people, which they were not.


Premise: What does umm walad mean?

Hypothesis: When an enslaved woman became pregnant with her Arab master's child, she was considered as umm walad or "mother of a child", a status that granted her privileged rights.


Premise: In what year was royal assent last witheld in the UK?

Hypothesis: While royal assent has not been withheld in the United Kingdom since 1708, it has often been withheld in British colonies and former colonies by governors acting on royal instructions.


Premise: Which of Oklahoma's mountain ranges are in the US Interior Highlands?

Hypothesis: Contained within the U.S. Interior Highlands region, the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains mark the only major mountainous region between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians.


Premise: What affect does  different pronunciations in the two areas of Catalan speakers produce?

Hypothesis: in the Eastern Catalan dialects, and /ka.taˈɫa/ in the Western dialects.


Premise: Greece's plant distribution belongs to what?

Hypothesis: Phytogeographically, Greece belongs to the Boreal Kingdom and is shared between the East Mediterranean province of the Mediterranean Region and the Illyrian province of the Circumboreal Region.


Premise: In what month and year did Gaddafi protest against Syria leaving the United Arab Republic?

Hypothesis: In October 1961, he led a demonstration protesting Syria's secession from the United Arab Republic.


Premise: What previously stood where the bank is now?

Hypothesis: The building is approximately 180 metres (591 ft) tall and will be accompanied with other secondary buildings on a landscaped site on the site of the former wholesale market in the eastern part of Frankfurt am Main.


Premise: How long was the war?

Hypothesis: Unrest followed for the next several decades, as different factions fought for control of Mexico.


Premise: Where do the family of Michael Foot live?

Hypothesis: Illustrator and creator of children's series Mr Benn and King Rollo, David McKee, was born and brought up in South Devon and trained at Plymouth College of Art.


Premise: What is a common background for a Japanese wrestler?

Hypothesis: Many of Japan's wrestlers including top stars such as Shinya Hashimoto, Riki Choshu and Keiji Mutoh came from a legitimate martial arts background and many Japanese wrestlers in the 1990s began to pursue careers in mixed martial arts organizations such as Pancrase and Shooto which at the time retained the original look of puroresu, but were actual competitions.


Premise: What hub is built into the host controller?

Hypothesis: Up to 127 devices, including hub devices if present, may be connected to a single host controller.


Premise: At the time of the Han dynasty where would one fine the color Red?

Hypothesis: During the Zhou, Han, Jin, Song and Ming Dynasties, red considered a noble color, and it was featured in all court ceremonies, from coronations to sacrificial offerings, and weddings.


Premise: What is the largest base of shooting films and TV dramas in China?

Hypothesis: Hengdian is called "China's Hollywood".


Premise: In the film Dick Tracy, who did Madonna starred as?

Hypothesis: To accompany the film, she released the soundtrack album, I'm Breathless, which included songs inspired by the film's 1930s setting.


Premise: What parts of West Bronx are more affluent?

Hypothesis: The West Bronx has older apartment buildings, low income public housing complexes, multifamily homes in its lower income areas as well as larger single family homes in more affluent areas such as Riverdale and Fieldston.


Premise: Which place hosts racetracks and is a casino?

Hypothesis: The park also features a recreation of a western gunfight at the 'OK Corral' and many shops that line the "Western" town's main street.


Premise: Who founded the Tibetan Empire?

Hypothesis: It is traditionally considered that his first wife was the Princess of Nepal, Bhrikuti, and that she played a great role in the establishment of Buddhism in Tibet.


Premise: What was Makro re-labeled as after it's purchase?

Hypothesis: Centro still operates for middle market while the 'Parkson' brand itself, positioned for middle-up segment, enters in 2014 by opening its first store in Medan, followed by its second store in Jakarta.


Premise: What is another term occasionally used to refer to A cappella?

Hypothesis: The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve.


Premise: What does the name zinc or zinke mean?

Hypothesis: Other applications are in batteries, small non-structural castings, and alloys, such as brass.


Premise: What did some commentators think about Darwin changing the phrasing in his book?

Hypothesis: Natural theology was not a unified doctrine, and while some such as Louis Agassiz were strongly opposed to the ideas in the book, others sought a reconciliation in which evolution was seen as purposeful.


Premise: Where were the yoeman farmers that remained neutral during the civil war located?

Hypothesis: Two additional Union Army regiments were raised in the coastal areas of the state, which were occupied by Union forces in 1862 and 1863.


Premise: In what year did the Pilgrim Fathers sail from Plymouth?

Hypothesis: This settlement continued as a trading post for the Roman Empire, until it was surpassed by the more prosperous village of Sutton, now called Plymouth.


Premise: How many grapes are generally in a cluster?

Hypothesis: Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink.


Premise: Who represents Queen Elizabeth II?

Hypothesis: The Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the reigning Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, who is represented by the Governor General of Canada.


Premise: Shorter wavelength diodes provide wavelengths as low as what?

Hypothesis: Shorter-wavelength diodes, while substantially more expensive, are commercially available for wavelengths down to 240 nm.


Premise: How much did Matsushita Electric pay for MCA?

Hypothesis: Anxious to expand the company's broadcast and cable presence, longtime MCA head Lew Wasserman sought a rich partner.


Premise: When does open season for grouse begin in the UK?

Hypothesis: The open season for grouse in the UK begins on 12 August, the so-called Glorious Twelfth.


Premise: What rationale did asset managers who continued to invest in over-priced investments to the detriment of their clients use?

Hypothesis: This choice was supported by a "plausible deniability" of the risks associated with subprime-based credit assets because the loss experience with early "vintages" of subprime loans was so low.


Premise: How many Russians were in defense?

Hypothesis: In the undecided Battle of Tornow on 25 September, a Swedish army repulsed six assaults by a Prussian army but did not push on Berlin following the Battle of Fehrbellin.


Premise: What did the deputies collect in the Imam's behalf?

Hypothesis: The deputies also collected zakat and khums on his behalf.


Premise: What are the two main divisions of Iranian tongues?

Hypothesis: These terms have little meaning with respect to Old Avestan as that stage of the language may predate the settling of the Iranian peoples into western and eastern groups.


Premise: What individuals live at Fatima House at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto.


Premise: Along with the horseshoe, what invention important for cavalry emerged in this period?

Hypothesis: In military technology, one of the main changes was the return of the crossbow, which had been known in Roman times and reappeared as a military weapon during the last part of the Early Middle Ages.


Premise: What is the literal meaning of "healer?"

Hypothesis: The Romans referred to Apollo as Medicus (/ˈmɛdᵻkəs/ MED-i-kəs; literally "physician" in Latin) in this respect.


Premise: In opposition to conservatives, what group has Hayek's work influenced?

Hypothesis: His essay has served as an inspiration to other liberal-minded economists wishing to distinguish themselves from conservative thinkers, for example James M. Buchanan's essay "Why I, Too, Am Not a Conservative: The Normative Vision of Classical Liberalism".


Premise: Britain's dominant position in world trade over some countries' economies has been called what?

Hypothesis: Unchallenged at sea, Britain adopted the role of global policeman, a state of affairs later known as the Pax Britannica, and a foreign policy of "splendid isolation".


Premise: What mountains are the city near?

Hypothesis: Winter storms have caused traffic problems in the past as well.


Premise: When did the United States Patent and Trademark Office grant Foster's patent?

Hypothesis: On September 30, 1987, Foster filed an application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office to patent his invented sport.


Premise: GMT used what instead of atomic clocks?

Hypothesis: Using telescopes instead of atomic clocks, GMT was calibrated to the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich in the UK.


Premise: What did socialists believe equilibrium theory invalidated?

Hypothesis: They argued, if some of the prices chosen by socialist managers were wrong, gluts or shortages would appear, signalling them to adjust the prices up or down, just as in a free market.


Premise: What is a limitation of low frequency recordings?

Hypothesis: During recording the amplitude of low frequencies is reduced, thus reducing the groove width required, and the amplitude at high frequencies is increased.


Premise: What is subjective idealism closely related to?

Hypothesis: Phenomenalism is the view that physical objects, properties, events (whatever is physical) are reducible to mental objects, properties, events.


Premise: What percentage of exports are exported services?

Hypothesis: Exported services amount to a third of exports.


Premise: How many tornadoes strike in Tennessee in an average year?

Hypothesis: Tornadoes in Tennessee can be severe, and Tennessee leads the nation in the percentage of total tornadoes which have fatalities.


Premise: Who overwhelmed the protesters in Japan?

Hypothesis: The attacks on the torch in London and Paris were described as "despicable" by the Chinese government, condemning them as "deliberate disruptions... who gave no thought to the Olympic spirit or the laws of Britain and France" and who "tarnish the lofty Olympic spirit", and vowed they would continue with the relay and not allow the protests to "impede the Olympic spirit".


Premise: What was a benefit of vertical groove cuts?

Hypothesis: Groove cuts in the vertical plane were employed rather than the usual lateral cuts.


Premise: When was the Dutch East India Company chartered?

Hypothesis: A deal between the two nations left the spice trade of the East Indies archipelago to the Netherlands and the textiles industry of India to England, but textiles soon overtook spices in terms of profitability, and by 1720, in terms of sales, the British company had overtaken the Dutch.


Premise: When did she vote a second time against war?

Hypothesis: In 1940, Jeannette Rankin had once again been elected to Congress, and in 1941, as she did in 1917, she voted against the United States' declaration of war.


Premise: which bird migrates by circling the earth?

Hypothesis: The Arctic tern holds the long-distance migration record for birds, travelling between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic each year.