Premise: What instrument did he mostly compose for?

Hypothesis: Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the solo piano.


Premise: What was one adverse condition that characterized early versions of the console?

Hypothesis: Although not the best-selling console of its generation, the Xbox 360 was deemed by TechRadar to be the most influential through its emphasis on digital media distribution and multiplayer gaming on Xbox Live.


Premise: What controversy around Darwin's book began in the 1920s?

Hypothesis: By the early 20th century, four noted authors of The Fundamentals were explicitly open to the possibility that God created through evolution, but fundamentalism inspired the American creation–evolution controversy that began in the 1920s.


Premise: What is it called when males return earlier to the breeding sites than females?

Hypothesis: In polygynous species with considerable sexual dimorphism, males tend to return earlier to the breeding sites than their females.


Premise: How many Earth years does Neptune orbit the sun?

Hypothesis: Neptune is the eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun in the Solar System.


Premise: What was the name of the discs Edison introduced in 1909?

Hypothesis: Despite these improvements, during the 1910s discs decisively won this early format war, although Edison continued to produce new Blue Amberol cylinders for an ever-dwindling customer base until late in 1929.


Premise: What was the location of Bismarck and Favre's meeting?

Hypothesis: Favre was unaware that the real aim of Bismarck in making such extortionate demands was to establish a durable peace on the new western frontier of Germany, preferably by a peace with a friendly government, on terms acceptable to French public opinion.


Premise: What still remains much shorter than intraframe compression?

Hypothesis: This longer command still remains much shorter than intraframe compression.


Premise: In what year did the Royal Institute's Reading Rooms open?

Hypothesis: The library is based at two public sites: the Reading Room at the RIBA's headquarters, 66 Portland Place, London; and the RIBA Architecture Study Rooms in the Henry Cole Wing of the V&A.


Premise: Who was Raghunath Rao?

Hypothesis: Timur Shah Durrani, the son and viceroy of Ahmad Shah Abdali, was driven out of Punjab.


Premise: When was Ann Arbor founded?

Hypothesis: Ann Arbor was founded in 1824, named for wives of the village's founders and the stands of Bur Oak trees.


Premise: When did construction commence on Plymouth Sound Breakwater?

Hypothesis: Numerous technical difficulties and repeated storm damage meant that it was not completed until 1841, twenty years after Rennie's death.


Premise: What is another term for xalwo?

Hypothesis: After meals, homes are traditionally perfumed using frankincense (lubaan) or incense (cuunsi), which is prepared inside an incense burner referred to as a dabqaad.


Premise: What can be difficult to represent on a computer?

Hypothesis: Compare this with the use of symbols as names in 20th century musical albums such as Led Zeppelin IV (1971) and Love Symbol Album (1993); an album cover may potentially contain any graphics, but in writing and other computation these symbols are difficult to use.


Premise: Who owns the land on which Irish comprehensive schools are found?

Hypothesis: The comprehensive model generally incorporated older schools that were under Roman Catholic or Protestant ownership, and the various denominations still manage the school as patrons or trustees.


Premise: When did Portuguese missionaries first arrive in western Tibet?

Hypothesis: Portuguese missionaries Jesuit Father António de Andrade and Brother Manuel Marques first reached the kingdom of Gelu in western Tibet in 1624 and was welcomed by the royal family who allowed them to build a church later on.


Premise: What was the process that removed the property requirement for the Roman military called?

Hypothesis: This move formalised and concluded a gradual process that had been growing for centuries, of removing property requirements for military service.


Premise: How far was Marconi able to get his signal to go using this technique?

Hypothesis: Soon he was able to transmit signals over a hill, a distance of approximately 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi).


Premise: When were laws first created to regulate pesticides?

Hypothesis: Some sources consider the 1940s and 1950s to have been the start of the "pesticide era."


Premise: Crassus' head is used a prop in what performance?

Hypothesis: An example that shows the spread of Greek theater is Plutarch's story of the death of Crassus, in which his head was taken to the Parthian court and used as a prop in a performance of The Bacchae.


Premise: Who called the Chance for Peace speech the best one Eisenhower gave as president?

Hypothesis: In 1953, the Republican Party's Old Guard presented Eisenhower with a dilemma by insisting he disavow the Yalta Agreements as beyond the constitutional authority of the Executive Branch; however, the death of Joseph Stalin in March 1953 made the matter a practical moot point.


Premise: What do the diversity and distributions of Y lineage specific to South America indicate about certain peoples there?

Hypothesis: This suggests that the earliest migrants into the northern extremes of North America and Greenland derived from later migrant populations.


Premise: Who originally developed the ski-jump ramp?

Hypothesis: Originally developed by the Royal Navy, it since has been adopted by many navies for smaller carriers.


Premise: What forced the Queen to return to London?

Hypothesis: In 1864, a note was found pinned to the fence of Buckingham Palace, saying: "These commanding premises to be let or sold, in consequence of the late occupant's declining business."


Premise: How are sporophytes generated in liverworts?

Hypothesis: The sporophyte generation is nonphotosynthetic in liverworts but may be able to contribute part of its energy needs by photosynthesis in mosses and hornworts.


Premise: Who eventually defeated the Arabs at Rajasthan?

Hypothesis: The south Indian Chalukya empire under Vikramaditya II, Nagabhata I of the Pratihara dynasty and Bappa Rawal of the Guhilot dynasty repulsed the Arab invaders in the early 8th century.


Premise: What comic strip was created by Osamu Tezuka?

Hypothesis: At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, nearly a quarter of all printed material in Japan was comics.


Premise: What infectious disease causes more deaths than tuberculosis?

Hypothesis: Tuberculosis is the second-most common cause of death from infectious disease (after those due to HIV/AIDS).


Premise: How can a referee's action result in a no contest?

Hypothesis: This can be due to excessive interference, loss of referee's control over the match, one or more participants sustaining debilitating injury not caused by the opponent, or the inability of a scheduled match to even begin.


Premise: How long is the CAP?

Hypothesis: An allocation from the Central Arizona Project Aqueduct (CAP), which passes more than 300 mi (480 km) across the desert from the Colorado River, has been incorporated into the city's water supply, annually providing over 20 million gallons of "recharged" water which is pumped into the ground to replenish water pumped out.


Premise: Which year did the Italian American Professors make their request?

Hypothesis: In 1976, a group of Italian American professors at City University of New York asked to be added as an affirmative action category for promotion and hiring.


Premise: How long does snow hang around in Cork?

Hypothesis: Despite this, however, Cork is also one of Ireland's sunniest cities, with an average of 3.9 hours of sunshine every day and only having 67 days where there is no "recordable sunshine", mostly during and around winter.


Premise: What are the notes issued by the Federal Reserve?

Hypothesis: Those notes are "obligations of the United States" and "shall be redeemed in lawful money on demand at the Treasury Department of the United States, in the city of Washington, District of Columbia, or at any Federal Reserve bank".


Premise: If you are going to farm in Cork, what should you be aware of?

Hypothesis: Cork lies in plant Hardiness zone 9b.


Premise: What was the occupation of Yvonne Fletcher?

Hypothesis: Diplomatic relations also broke down with the U.K., after Libyan diplomats were accused in the shooting death of Yvonne Fletcher, a British policewoman stationed outside their London embassy, in April 1984.


Premise: How many languages is the Watch Tower Society literature published in?

Hypothesis: The objective is to start a regular "Bible study" with any person who is not already a member, with the intention that the student be baptized as a member of the group; Witnesses are advised to consider discontinuing Bible studies with students who show no interest in becoming members.


Premise: Along with Tolkien, what modern scholar notably made use of Old English?

Hypothesis: By far the most ambitious project[peacock term] is the Old English Wikipedia, but most of the Neo-Old English texts published online bear little resemblance to the historical model and are riddled with very basic grammatical mistakes.


Premise: What is another name for Colleobola?

Hypothesis: The function varies with some species using them to attract mates, while others use them to lure prey.


Premise: How much money did Estonia receive from European Union Structural Funds between 2007 and 2013?

Hypothesis: Between 2007 and 2013, Estonia receives 53.3 billion kroons (3.4 billion euros) from various European Union Structural Funds as direct supports by creating the largest foreign investments into Estonia ever.


Premise: Who was the UK Prime Minster at the time of the aerial raids?

Hypothesis: Between 7 September 1940 and 21 May 1941, 16 British cities suffered aerial raids with at least 100 long tons of high explosives.


Premise: How many hydroelectricity plants are larger than 10 GW?

Hypothesis: There are now three hydroelectricity plants larger than 10 GW: the Three Gorges Dam in China, Itaipu Dam across the Brazil/Paraguay border, and Guri Dam in Venezuela.


Premise: The Grand Orient de France and the United Grand Lodge of England continued in amity until when?

Hypothesis: However the two jurisdictions continued in amity (mutual recognition) until events of the 1860s and 1870s drove a seemingly permanent wedge between them.


Premise: Who did Yongzheng call Marquis?

Hypothesis: In 1725 Yongzheng bestowed the hereditary title of Marquis on a descendant of the Ming dynasty Imperial family, Zhu Zhiliang, who received a salary from the Qing government and whose duty was to perform rituals at the Ming tombs, and was also inducted the Chinese Plain White Banner in the Eight Banners.


Premise: What other African country has also recently banned trophy hunting?

Hypothesis: In contrast, Botswana has recently been forced to ban trophy hunting following a precipitous wildlife decline.


Premise: What language was the second half of the Bible originally written in ?

Hypothesis: Most Greeks are Christians, belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church.


Premise: What was the British-Russian rivalry called?

Hypothesis: This rivalry in Eurasia came to be known as the "Great Game".


Premise: What is the main goal of sociology?

Hypothesis: Max Weber was concerned with the modernization of society through the concept of rationalization, which he believed would trap individuals in an "iron cage" of rational thought.


Premise: The introduction of the Nike Ajax missile caused what to disappear?

Hypothesis: The US started an upgrade of their defences using the Nike Ajax missile, and soon the larger anti-aircraft guns disappeared.


Premise: Who's bombing program did Goring abandon in 1939?

Hypothesis: When Göring decided against continuing Wever's original heavy bomber programme in 1937, the Reichsmarschall's own explanation was that Hitler wanted to know only how many bombers there were, not how many engines each had.


Premise: What can a PM motor not be adjusted for?

Hypothesis: A PM motor does not have a field winding on the stator frame, instead relying on PMs to provide the magnetic field against which the rotor field interacts to produce torque.


Premise: How many times has London hosted the Summer Olympics?

Hypothesis: In 2012, London became the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.


Premise: What kingdom was founded in Mysore in 1400 CE?

Hypothesis: The rule of Wodeyar dynasty which established the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India in around 1400 CE by was interrupted by Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan in the later half of the 18th century.


Premise: What was the Congo's annual increase in gross domestic product in the early '80s?

Hypothesis: The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings, contributing to a shortage of revenues.


Premise: What do constituent states still have?

Hypothesis: The remaining 13 states are called Flächenländer (literally: area states).


Premise: What makes up 40-50% of the cell walls in wood?

Hypothesis: It consists of cells, and the cell walls are composed of micro-fibrils of cellulose (40% – 50%) and hemicellulose (15% – 25%) impregnated with lignin (15% – 30%).


Premise: Who makes the "Coloured" people feel "Not black enough"?

Hypothesis: Some South Africans categorized as "African Black" say that "Coloureds" did not suffer as much as they did during apartheid.


Premise: Where were the scenes of Ralph Fiennes in a restaurant shot?

Hypothesis: In early June, the crew, as well as Craig, Seydoux, and Waltz, returned to the Thames for a final time to continue filming scenes previously shot on the river.


Premise: What was established for bringing Apple's design work in-house?

Hypothesis: Also during this time, the Macintosh began to shed the "Snow White" design language, along with the expensive consulting fees they were paying to Frogdesign.


Premise: After WWII "coming out" ceremonies were replaces with what event?

Hypothesis: These young women were known as débutantes, and the occasion—termed their "coming out"—represented their first entrée into society.


Premise: Who ordered the King to dismiss the Prime Minister?

Hypothesis: Nasser saw the incident as a blatant violation of Egyptian sovereignty and wrote, "I am ashamed that our army has not reacted against this attack", and wished for "calamity" to overtake the British.


Premise: What letter of the alphabet do most of the last names the men of Greecs end with ?

Hypothesis: In Cyprus, by contrast, surnames follow the ancient tradition of being given according to the father’s name.


Premise: How many hospitals does the city have?

Hypothesis: Metrobus Transit is responsible for public transit in the region.


Premise: What percentage of the population in Montana are Native peoples?

Hypothesis: Native people constituted 6.5 percent of the state's total population, the sixth highest percentage of all 50 states.


Premise: How many  Salvadorans  are in America now?

Hypothesis: By 2008, there were about 1.1 million Salvadoran immigrants in the United States.


Premise: What can an exhibition game raise money for?

Hypothesis: Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different leagues or countries to unofficially determine who would be the best in the world.


Premise: Who are some other distinguished process theologians?

Hypothesis: Historically Whitehead's work has been most influential in the field of American progressive theology.


Premise: What is the most games played a team to reach the final?

Hypothesis: Until the 1990s further replays would be played until one team was victorious.


Premise: What would be given to the enobled one?

Hypothesis: Most often the individual being ennobled would join an existing noble szlachta clan and assume the undifferentiated coat of arms of that clan.


Premise: What is the name of the Chilean team that has ties to the Everton FC?

Hypothesis: Everton also have links with Chilean team Everton de Viña del Mar who were named after the English club.


Premise: What happened to the rebels of the Rebellion?

Hypothesis: The government also was determined to keep full control so that no rebellion of such size would ever happen again.


Premise: How much English did Tito speak?

Hypothesis: A biographer also stated that he spoke "Serbo-Croatian ... Russian, Czech, Slovenian ... German (with a Viennese accent) ... understands and reads French and Italian ...


Premise: What were styles in France initially?

Hypothesis: Techniques employed in the style included flatter, lighter motifs, sculpted in low frieze-like relief or painted in monotones en camaïeu ("like cameos"), isolated medallions or vases or busts or bucrania or other motifs, suspended on swags of laurel or ribbon, with slender arabesques against backgrounds, perhaps, of "Pompeiian red" or pale tints, or stone colours.


Premise: The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations also includes what Country in the definition of Near East?

Hypothesis: The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations defines the region similarly, but also includes Afghanistan while excluding the countries of North Africa and the Palestinian territories.


Premise: What were gold contacts attached to to increase signal output?

Hypothesis: From November 17, 1947 to December 23, 1947, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain at AT&T's Bell Labs in the United States performed experiments and observed that when two gold point contacts were applied to a crystal of germanium, a signal was produced with the output power greater than the input.


Premise: What is federalist paper no. 39?

Hypothesis: For example, James Madison (author of the US Constitution) wrote in Federalist Paper No.


Premise: What is a drug discovery?

Hypothesis: Drug discovery is the process by which potential drugs are discovered or designed.


Premise: When did Octavian return from the Battle of Actium?

Hypothesis: Virgil and Maecenas are said to have taken turns reading the Georgics to Octavian upon his return from defeating Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC.


Premise: What would original term "bacteria" determine?

Hypothesis: The archaea and eukaryotes are more closely related to each other than either is to the bacteria.


Premise: Who was the Conservative leader that The Sun often supported?

Hypothesis: Rupert Murdoch, head of The Sun's parent company News Corporation, speaking at a 2007 meeting with the House of Lords Select Committee on Communications, which was investigating media ownership and the news, said that he acts as a "traditional proprietor".


Premise: What food can be traced back to ancient Greece?

Hypothesis: Greek cuisine is characteristic of the healthy Mediterranean diet, which is epitomized by dishes of Crete.


Premise: What was "Black by definition"?

Hypothesis: Indeed, by the time Isidore of Seville came to write his Etymologies, the word Maurus or "Moor" had become an adjective in Latin, "for the Greeks call black, mauron". "


Premise: What has Hayek's views on the market been used to defend?

Hypothesis: Hayek’s concept of the market as a spontaneous order has been recently applied to ecosystems to defend a broadly non-interventionist policy.


Premise: What form of political organization do Popper's works mainly critique?

Hypothesis: They also represented extensive critiques of the philosophical presuppositions underpinning all forms of totalitarianism.


Premise: What are fleas, ticks and mites called?

Hypothesis: Two serious medical conditions particularly affecting dogs are pyometra, affecting unspayed females of all types and ages, and bloat, which affects the larger breeds or deep-chested dogs.


Premise: Which holiday was the terrorist bombing planned for?

Hypothesis: Following Garreth Mallory's promotion to M, on a mission in Mexico City unofficially ordered by a posthumous message from the previous M, 007 James Bond kills three men plotting a terrorist bombing during the Day of the Dead and gives chase to Marco Sciarra, an assassin who survived the attack.


Premise: What year did the patent for lateral cut discs expire?

Hypothesis: By 1919 the basic patents for the manufacture of lateral-cut disc records had expired, opening the field for countless companies to produce them.


Premise: Who is Dr. Cecil Cook?

Hypothesis: Dr. Cecil Cook, the Northern Territory Protector of Natives, noted that:


Premise: When did Sheptycki write about global policing?

Hypothesis: The terms international policing, transnational policing, and/or global policing began to be used from the early 1990s onwards to describe forms of policing that transcended the boundaries of the sovereign nation-state (Nadelmann, 1993), (Sheptycki, 1995).


Premise: How many principle bedrooms does the palace have?

Hypothesis: There are 775 rooms, including 19 state rooms, 52 principal bedrooms, 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices, and 78 bathrooms.


Premise: What dynasty did Zicheng form?

Hypothesis: The last Ming ruler, the Chongzhen Emperor, committed suicide when the city fell, marking the official end of the dynasty.


Premise: What battle did Germans defeat the Romans?

Hypothesis: Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany.


Premise: Who owned the Desperados trademarks?

Hypothesis: On January 6, 2016, the league took over "ownership and operational control" of the Portland Thunder from its previous owners.


Premise: What typically happens when digimon are killed?

Hypothesis: The first Digimon anime introduced the Digimon life cycle: They age in a similar fashion to real organisms, but do not die under normal circumstances because they are made of reconfigurable data, which can be seen throughout the show.


Premise: In history, where could you find someone studying politics?

Hypothesis: Political science is a late arrival in terms of social sciences[citation needed].


Premise: How is the first letter of a first-person pronoun handled mid sentence in English?

Hypothesis: The names of the days of the week and the names of the months are also capitalised, as are the first-person pronoun "I" and the interjection "O" (although the latter is uncommon in modern usage, with "oh" being preferred).


Premise: What type of wood burns quickly and makes more smoke than hardwood?

Hypothesis: Wood has a long history of being used as fuel, which continues to this day, mostly in rural areas of the world.


Premise: How many people does M'era Luna Festival attract?

Hypothesis: Germany hosts some of the largest Goth scenes and festivals in the entire world, with events like Wave-Gothic-Treffen and M'era Luna Festival easily attracting up to 30,000 people.


Premise: What country has fair dealing laws?

Hypothesis: Compulsory licensing laws generally say that for certain uses of certain works, no infringement occurs as long as a royalty, at a rate determined by law rather than private negotiation, is paid to the copyright owner or representative copyright collective.


Premise: How many student brothers were there in the year 2000?

Hypothesis: In the year 2000, there were 5,171 Dominican friars in solemn vows, 917 student brothers, and 237 novices.


Premise: What does the USB 3.1 standard increase?

Hypothesis: The group ended up creating a new USB version, USB 3.1, which was released on 31 July 2013, introducing a faster transfer mode called SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbit/s, putting it on par with a single first-generation Thunderbolt channel.


Premise: What literary events were believed to be a fact of truth ?

Hypothesis: The Greeks of classical antiquity idealized their Mycenaean ancestors and the Mycenaean period as a glorious era of heroes, closeness of the gods and material wealth.


Premise: How many casino resorts ore in downtown?

Hypothesis: On Saturdays, about 45,000 people shop the city's historic Eastern Market.


Premise: People blindfolded themselves to cross what?

Hypothesis: Seven bear skulls from the cave may have been buried by the same prehistoric people.


Premise: what year was the Treaty of Paris agreed on?

Hypothesis: By the Treaty of Paris (1763), France regained the five establishments captured by the British during the war (Pondichéry, Mahe, Karikal, Yanam and Chandernagar) but was prevented from erecting fortifications and keeping troops in Bengal (art.


Premise: What did Lie algebras and hyperbolic quaternions demonstrate a need for?

Hypothesis: In a review Alexander Macfarlane wrote: "The main idea of the work is not unification of the several methods, nor generalization of ordinary algebra so as to include them, but rather the comparative study of their several structures."


Premise: What is an example of a place that videoconferencing can be used today?

Hypothesis: Technological developments by videoconferencing developers in the 2010s have extended the capabilities of video conferencing systems beyond the boardroom for use with hand-held mobile devices that combine the use of video, audio and on-screen drawing capabilities broadcasting in real-time over secure networks, independent of location.


Premise: Prices have fallen as low as what price?

Hypothesis: As of 2014, the wind industry in the USA is able to produce more power at lower cost by using taller wind turbines with longer blades, capturing the faster winds at higher elevations.


Premise: Locke believed that the natural right to property is derived from what?

Hypothesis: Locke is known for his statement that individuals have a right to "Life, Liberty and Property", and his belief that the natural right to property is derived from labor.


Premise: Why did Dorgon keep Beijing as his capital?

Hypothesis: Choosing Beijing as the capital had not been a straightforward decision, since no major Chinese dynasty had directly taken over its immediate predecessor's capital.


Premise: What was the first Indiana Jones movie?

Hypothesis: Next, Spielberg teamed with Star Wars creator and friend George Lucas on an action adventure film, Raiders of the Lost Ark, the first of the Indiana Jones films.


Premise: What are the 2 main germ systems in the Ctenophora and the Cnidaria called?

Hypothesis: Among the other phyla, the Ctenophora and the Cnidaria, which includes sea anemones, corals, and jellyfish, are radially symmetric and have digestive chambers with a single opening, which serves as both the mouth and the anus.


Premise: Whic country lies on Congo's western border?

Hypothesis: It is bordered by five countries: Gabon to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Republic to the northeast; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the east and south; and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to the southwest.


Premise: In addition to "whiskers," what does silver sprout around ions like halide?

Hypothesis: Tin will grow "whiskers" due to tension in the plated surface.


Premise: What is intersexual selection also known as?

Hypothesis: Many types of avian sexual selection have been identified; intersexual selection, also known as female choice; and intrasexual competition, where individuals of the more abundant sex compete with each other for the privilege to mate.


Premise: What caused the suppression of regional cultures?

Hypothesis: During Franco's regime, however, the blaugrana team was granted profit due to its good relationship with the dictator at management level, even giving two awards to him.


Premise: What was the max speed of a Beaufighter?

Hypothesis: It would prove formidable, but its development was slow.


Premise: What is one characteristic that varies widely between organisms?

Hypothesis: The smallest genomes occur in viruses (which can have as few as 2 protein-coding genes), and viroids (which act as a single non-coding RNA gene).


Premise: Who was the leader of Pontus in the year 85 BC?

Hypothesis: Mithridates the Great was the ruler of Pontus, a large kingdom in Asia Minor (modern Turkey), from 120 to 63 BC.


Premise: Where are more moist areas found in southern Europe?

Hypothesis: Additionally, the north coast of Spain experiences a wetter Atlantic climate.


Premise: where was the band deee-lite based?

Hypothesis: In New York, bands such as Deee-Lite furthered house's international influence.


Premise: What is one thing that Gregor Mendel was the first to demonstrate?

Hypothesis: Although he did not use the term gene, he explained his results in terms of discrete inherited units that give rise to observable physical characteristics.


Premise: What friend of Claridge's was helpful in introducing asphalt for use in pavements?

Hypothesis: Dr T. Lamb Phipson writes that his father, Samuel Ryland Phipson, a friend of Claridge, was also "instrumental in introducing the asphalte pavement (in 1836)".


Premise: What are smaller insectivorous birds referred to?

Hypothesis: The birds are referred to as passage migrants in the regions where they occur for short durations between the origin and destination.


Premise: What is the code for the Unicode replacement character?

Hypothesis: Rendering software which cannot process a Unicode character appropriately often displays it as an open rectangle, or the Unicode "replacement character" (U+FFFD, �), to indicate the position of the unrecognized character.


Premise: Who did Bell go to see in 1875?

Hypothesis: When Bell said that he did not have the necessary knowledge, Henry replied, "Get it!"


Premise: After what event did the last citta irredente join Italy?

Hypothesis: Italian unification was the political and social movement that annexed different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy in the 19th century.


Premise: What is the tallest skyscraper in the country?

Hypothesis: The architecture of Montevideo ranges from Neoclassical buildings such as the Montevideo Metropolitan Cathedral to the Postmodern style of the World Trade Center Montevideo or the 158-metre (518 ft) ANTEL Telecommunication Tower, the tallest skyscraper in the country.


Premise: What kinds of beer did the Sumerians brew?

Hypothesis: They brewed multiple kinds of beer consisting of wheat, barley, and mixed grain beers.


Premise: In what two areas are most Portuguese industries, businesses, and financial institutions concentrated?

Hypothesis: Most industries, businesses and financial institutions are concentrated in the Lisbon and Porto metropolitan areas—the Setúbal, Aveiro, Braga, Coimbra and Leiria districts are the biggest economic centres outside these two main areas.[citation needed]


Premise: In what year did Arsenal first create a crest for the team?

Hypothesis: This was dropped after the move to Highbury in 1913, only to be reinstated in 1922, when the club adopted a crest featuring a single cannon, pointing eastwards, with the club's nickname, The Gunners, inscribed alongside it; this crest only lasted until 1925, when the cannon was reversed to point westward and its barrel slimmed down.


Premise: What department store was founded in 1853?

Hypothesis: Delany's New Mart was opened in 1853 in Dublin, Ireland.


Premise: What is becoming an international political issue?

Hypothesis: This is because the species most likely to disappear are those that buffer against infectious disease transmission, while surviving species tend to be the ones that increase disease transmission, such as that of West Nile Virus, Lyme disease and Hantavirus, according to a study done co-authored by Felicia Keesing, an ecologist at Bard College, and Drew Harvell, associate director for Environment of the Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future (ACSF) at Cornell University.


Premise: Where is Al-Rashid Islamic Institute?

Hypothesis: The first Madressa established in North America, Al-Rashid Islamic Institute, was established in Cornwall, Ontario in 1983 and has graduates who are Hafiz (Quran) and Ulama.


Premise: When was the first department store in the Philippines opened?

Hypothesis: Some of the earliest department stores in the Philippines were located in Manila as early as 1898 with the opening of the American Bazaar, which was later named Beck's.


Premise: What was the name of Sand's daughter's fiance that contributed to deteriorating the relationship between Sand and Chopin?

Hypothesis: In 1847 Sand published her novel Lucrezia Floriani, whose main characters—a rich actress and a prince in weak health—could be interpreted as Sand and Chopin; the story was uncomplimentary to Chopin, who could not have missed the allusions as he helped Sand correct the printer's galleys.


Premise: Who advised against the Duke becoming the Governor General of Canada?

Hypothesis: One of the few stirs arose when the Canadian Prime Minister, R. B. Bennett, considered the Duke for Governor General of Canada in 1931—a proposal that King George V rejected on the advice of the Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs, J. H. Thomas.


Premise: In what year were height limits lifted in the Melbourne CBD?

Hypothesis: The post-war period also saw a major renewal of the CBD and St Kilda Road which significantly modernised the city.


Premise: What is the second language for most Portuguese in Guinea-Bissau?

Hypothesis: Most Portuguese and Mestiços speak one of the African languages and Kriol as second languages.


Premise: Where does 35th Street end?

Hypothesis: 35th Street runs from FDR Drive to Eleventh Avenue.


Premise: What did the right to create ordynacja's entail?

Hypothesis: Ordynacje's of families of Radziwiłł, Zamoyski, Potocki or Lubomirski often rivalled the estates of the king and were important power bases for the magnates.


Premise: What is the highest object of meditation?

Hypothesis: Rebirths in the Ārūpyadhātu (formless realms) can be attained by only those who can meditate on the arūpajhānas, the highest object of meditation.


Premise: In 1941, where did representatives of the government and military meet with German officials?

Hypothesis: On 17 April 1941, after King Peter II and other members of the government fled the country, the remaining representatives of the government and military met with the German officials in Belgrade.


Premise: Where is the basic MP3 decoding and technology patent free?

Hypothesis: In the United States, the technology will be substantially patent-free on 31 December 2017 (see below).


Premise: What did Constantine the Great and Licinius pass to introduce toleration of Christianity in the Roman Empire?

Hypothesis: To put an end to the doctrinal debate initiated by Arius, Constantine called the first of what would afterwards be called the ecumenical councils and then enforced orthodoxy by Imperial authority.


Premise: Who introduced a system of musical notation used in the Balkans in the 14th century?

Hypothesis: Prominent reformer of Orthodox Church music from the first half of 14th century was John Kukuzelis; he also introduced a system of notation widely used in the Balkans in the following centuries.


Premise: Craft Freemasonry is also known as what?

Hypothesis: The degrees of freemasonry retain the three grades of medieval craft guilds, those of Apprentice, Journeyman or fellow (now called Fellowcraft), and Master Mason.


Premise: How early were electrically recorded discs made available for purchase?

Hypothesis: Distant or less strong sounds that were impossible to record by the old methods could now be captured.


Premise: Who did Hayk defeat?

Hypothesis: Armenians have had a presence in the Armenian Highland for over four thousand years, since the time when Hayk, the legendary patriarch and founder of the first Armenian nation, led them to victory over Bel of Babylon.


Premise: Who won the 1993 Nigerian election?

Hypothesis: Free and fair elections were finally held on 12 June 1993, with a presidential victory for Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola.


Premise: Protestants hold that Mary had what relationship to Jesus?

Hypothesis: Protestants in general reject the veneration and invocation of the Saints.:1174 Protestants typically hold that Mary was the mother of Jesus, but was an ordinary woman devoted to God.


Premise: What position did Moussa Traoré take on as a result of his success?

Hypothesis: The subsequent military-led regime, with Traoré as president, attempted to reform the economy.


Premise: How many more Mercury missions were there after John Glenn's?

Hypothesis: NASA at first intended to launch one more mission, extending the spacecraft's endurance to three days, but since this would not beat the Soviet record, it was decided instead to concentrate on developing Project Gemini.


Premise: What is another example of a lossless format other than Apple Lossless?

Hypothesis: Lossless formats include FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec), Apple Lossless and many others.


Premise: What nation provided material support to China?

Hypothesis: The Nationalist and Communist Chinese suspended their civil war to form a nominal alliance against Japan, and the Soviet Union quickly lent support by providing large amount of materiel to Chinese troops.


Premise: Setting national renewable energy targets can be an important part of what?

Hypothesis: National targets for individual EU Member States have also been set to meet the overall target.


Premise: Along with Hamilton Glass and El Kamino, who is a mural artist local to Richmond?

Hypothesis: As of 2015 a variety of murals from internationally recognized street artists have appeared throughout the city as a result of the efforts of Art Whino and RVA Magazine with The Richmond Mural Project and the RVA Street Art Festival.


Premise: What body of water is Valencia located on?

Hypothesis: Valencia (/vəˈlɛnsiə/; Spanish: [baˈlenθja]), or València (Valencian: [vaˈlensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre.


Premise: Why are LEDs preferred for machine vision systems?

Hypothesis: Machine vision systems often require bright and homogeneous illumination, so features of interest are easier to process.


Premise: Which three Canadian football unions resisted the Burnside Rules?

Hypothesis: The Canadian field width was one rule that was not based on American rules, as the Canadian game played in wider fields and stadiums that were not as narrow as the American stadiums.


Premise: In what year did the Ottoman's have a victory at Kosovo?

Hypothesis: The Battle of Nicopolis in 1396, widely regarded as the last large-scale crusade of the Middle Ages, failed to stop the advance of the victorious Ottoman Turks.


Premise: What was Israel ranked among OECD countries?

Hypothesis: In addition, nearly twice as many Israelis aged 55–64 held a higher education degree compared to other OECD countries, with 47 percent holding an academic degree compared with the OECD average of 25%.


Premise: How many destroyers were in Kurita's "Center Force"?

Hypothesis: On 24 October, as Kurita's force entered the Sibuyan Sea, USS Intrepid and USS Cabot launched 260 planes, which scored hits on several ships.


Premise: In what year did Kreonke achieve take over of Arsenal stock?

Hypothesis: In April 2011, Kroenke achieved a full takeover by purchasing the shareholdings of Nina Bracewell-Smith and Danny Fiszman, taking his shareholding to 62.89%.


Premise: When was the Renaissance era?

Hypothesis: The major time divisions of classical music are as follows: the early music period, which includes the Medieval (500–1400) and the Renaissance (1400–1600) eras; the Common practice period, which includes the Baroque (1600–1750), Classical (1750–1820), and Romantic eras (1804–1910); and the 20th century (1901–2000) which includes the modern (1890–1930) that overlaps from the late 19th-century, the high modern (mid 20th-century), and contemporary or postmodern (1975–2015) eras.[citation needed]


Premise: Who was the first elector from Hanover to sit on the British throne?

Hypothesis: The Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg were elevated by the Holy Roman Emperor to the rank of Prince-Elector in 1692, and this elevation was confirmed by the Imperial Diet in 1708.


Premise: Who was the Democratic candidate for president in 1960?

Hypothesis: In the 1960 election to choose his successor, Eisenhower endorsed his own Vice President, Republican Richard Nixon against Democrat John F. Kennedy.


Premise: How many did snow fall in Palermo between 1940and the 2000s?

Hypothesis: Snow is usually a rare occurrence, but it does occur occasionally if there is a cold front, as the Apennines are too distant to protect the island from cold winds blowing from the Balkans, and the mountains surrounding the city facilite the formation of snow accumulation in Palermo, especially at night.


Premise: The most diverse insects coevolved with what?

Hypothesis: The most diverse insect groups appear to have coevolved with flowering plants.


Premise: When did the Egyptian and Syrian armies launch a surprise attack against Israeli forces?

Hypothesis: The war ended on 26 October with Israel successfully repelling Egyptian and Syrian forces but having suffered over 2,500 soldiers killed in a war which collectively took 10–35,000 lives in just 20 days.


Premise: What is consumed in excessive amounts during Lent?

Hypothesis: Excessive consumption of alcohol, meat, and other foods proscribed during Lent is extremely common.


Premise: Koch's conviction that human and bovine strains of TB were unrelated meant more people were exposed by drinking what?

Hypothesis: Koch did not believe the bovine (cattle) and human tuberculosis diseases were similar, which delayed the recognition of infected milk as a source of infection.


Premise: How is the cost of the price for animal feed related to the poulty cost for consumers?

Hypothesis: Profitability of production depends very much on the price of feed, which has been rising.


Premise: Who taught Chopin to play the organ?

Hypothesis: From September 1823 to 1826 Chopin attended the Warsaw Lyceum, where he received organ lessons from the Czech musician Wilhelm Würfel during his first year.


Premise: When was the final volume of Law, Legislation and Liberty released?

Hypothesis: Primary drafts of the book were completed by 1970, but Hayek chose to rework his drafts and finally brought the book to publication in three volumes in 1973, 1976 and 1979.


Premise: What is another name Melbourne Airport is called?

Hypothesis: Melbourne is also home to Australia's most extensive freeway network and has the world's largest urban tram network.


Premise: What does the Lancashire economy rely on?

Hypothesis: The M61 from Preston via Chorley and the M66 starting 500 metres (0.3 mi) inside the county boundary near Edenfield, provide links between Lancashire and Manchester] and the trans-Pennine M62.


Premise: What Prince hosted the Colloquy of Marburg?

Hypothesis: A meeting was held in his castle in 1529, now known as the Colloquy of Marburg, which has become infamous for its failure.


Premise: What years was the first ISP established in Somalia?

Hypothesis: According to the telecommunications resource Balancing Act, growth in internet connectivity has since then grown considerably, with around 53% of the entire nation covered as of 2009.


Premise: In what year was the biggest public library in Hyderabad created?

Hypothesis: Literary development is further aided by state institutions such as the State Central Library, the largest public library in the state which was established in 1891, and other major libraries including the Sri Krishna Devaraya Andhra Bhasha Nilayam, the British Library and the Sundarayya Vignana Kendram.


Premise: What does Liquidmetal Technologies use for their alloys?

Hypothesis: Liquidmetal Technologies sell a number of zirconium-based BMGs.


Premise: What is the mean rain above in Namibia?

Hypothesis: Namibia extends from 17°S to 25°S: climatically the range of the sub-Tropical High Pressure Belt, arid is the overall climate description descending from the Sub-Humid (mean rain above 500 mm) through Semi-Arid between 300 and 500 mm (embracing most of the waterless Kalahari) and Arid from 150 to 300 mm (these three regions are inland from the western escarpment) to the Hyper-Arid coastal plain with less than a 100 mm mean.


Premise: Who occupied the Red Sea coast during the last interglacial period?

Hypothesis: It is believed that the area was on the route out of Africa that some scholars suggest was used by early humans to colonize the rest of the Old World.


Premise: When did modern day currency start getting the faces that they have?

Hypothesis: The early currency of the United States did not exhibit faces of presidents, as is the custom now; although today, by law, only the portrait of a deceased individual may appear on United States currency.


Premise: When was the General Availablity Cumulative Update provided?

Hypothesis: Prior to its general availability on October 26, 2012, updates were released for some of Windows 8's bundled apps, and a "General Availability Cumulative Update" (which included fixes to improve performance, compatibility, and battery life) was released on Tuesday, October 9, 2012.


Premise: Can you name some common fruits used in Cyprus?

Hypothesis: Fresh vegetables and fruits are common ingredients.


Premise: What do a variety of industries benefit from?

Hypothesis: A variety of industries benefit from hunting and support hunting on economic grounds.


Premise: Besides oak, what's an example of a hardwood with prominent pores?

Hypothesis: There are no vessels ("pores") in coniferous wood such as one sees so prominently in oak and ash, for example.


Premise: Bermuda is located 898 nautical miles from what US city?

Hypothesis: Bermuda is a group of low-forming volcanoes located in the Atlantic Ocean, near the western edge of the Sargasso Sea, roughly 578 nautical miles (1,070 km (665 mi))


Premise: How many institutions of higher education did Russia possess in 1974?

Hypothesis: The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR.


Premise: In what century did gin houses proliferate throughout Britain?

Hypothesis: These bawdy, loud and unruly drinking dens so often described by Charles Dickens in his Sketches by Boz (published 1835–1836) increasingly came to be held as unbridled cesspits of immorality or crime and the source of much ill-health and alcoholism among the working classes.


Premise: When using a small loop antenna at a low frequency, what may occur?

Hypothesis: Another extreme case of impedance matching occurs when using a small loop antenna (usually, but not always, for receiving) at a relatively low frequency where it appears almost as a pure inductor.


Premise: What was the name given to the islands reached by Cerón in October of 1529?

Hypothesis: These islands, which he named "Los Jardines", may have been Enewetak or Bikini Atoll.


Premise: The Tibetan leaders had a diplomacy with what neighboring state?

Hypothesis: Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet.


Premise: How many narrow-gauge lines in Slovakia?

Hypothesis: In Slovakia, there are two narrow-gauge lines in the High Tatras (one a cog railway).


Premise: In what decade did Europeans first visit the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: Micronesian colonists gradually settled the Marshall Islands during the 2nd millennium BC, with inter-island navigation made possible using traditional stick charts.


Premise: What percentage have discussions of race in the context of medical disorders increased from zero to?

Hypothesis: More indirect and brief discussions of race in the context of medical disorders have increased from none to 93% of textbooks.


Premise: Where did the Spanish and Portugese enslave most of their black people from?

Hypothesis: As Spain and Portugal sourced most of their slaves from South-West Africa (the Portuguese through ports in modern-day Angola; the Spanish purchased most of their African slaves from Portuguese traders, and from Arabs whose slave trading was centred in Zanzibar).


Premise: Which groups were classified as being at a high risk for AIDS?

Hypothesis: The Sun also ran an editorial further arguing that "At last the truth can be told... the risk of catching AIDS if you are heterosexual is "statistically invisible".


Premise: What was the cultural aspect was the major center of life?

Hypothesis: Families and households were still largely independent economically, and the household was probably the center of life.


Premise: Who asked Rome for assistance after being overburdened by their enemies?

Hypothesis: The Romans were alerted to this when a particularly warlike tribe invaded two Etruscan towns close to Rome's sphere of influence.


Premise: when did ranchers usually have a cattle round up?

Hypothesis: Much of the Great Plains became open range, or rangeland where cattle roamed free, hosting ranching operations where anyone was theoretically free to run cattle.


Premise: What percentage of Estonians claim no religion?

Hypothesis: According to the Dentsu Communication Institute Inc, Estonia is one of the least religious countries in the world, with 75.7% of the population claiming to be irreligious.


Premise: What makes it difficult to determine if someone is homosexual or not?

Hypothesis: Therefore, individuals classified as homosexual in one study might not be identified the same way in another depending on which components are assessed and when the assessment is made making it difficult to pin point who is homosexual and who is not and what the overall prevalence within a population may be.


Premise: How many independant schools are in Lancashire?

Hypothesis: Not including sixth form colleges, there are 77 state schools (not including Burnley's new schools) and 24 independent schools.


Premise: What ethnicity are these literary works mostly?

Hypothesis: Modern biblical scholarship treats the account in the synoptic gospels as a literary creation by the author of the Mark Gospel, amended in the Luke and Matthew accounts, intended to heighten the importance of what they saw as a theologically significant event, and not intended to be taken literally.


Premise: Along with The Song of Ronald, what is a notable chanson de geste?

Hypothesis: This culture was expressed in the vernacular languages rather than Latin, and comprised poems, stories, legends, and popular songs spread by troubadours, or wandering minstrels.


Premise: What is the shiniest type of coated paper?

Hypothesis: Coated paper has a thin layer of material such as calcium carbonate or china clay applied to one or both sides in order to create a surface more suitable for high-resolution halftone screens.


Premise: The synagogue located in Bet She'an had what kind of symbols depicted in its mosaic?

Hypothesis: The mosaic was laid by the same masters who made the floor of the Beit Alfa synagogue.


Premise: Who was the most famous prose writer in early Estonian history?

Hypothesis: Oskar Luts was the most prominent prose writer of the early Estonian literature, who is still widely read today, especially his lyrical school novel Kevade (Spring).


Premise: What were the RAF operations trying to lessen?

Hypothesis: May 1940 – the day after the Luftwaffe destroyed the centre of Rotterdam – the RAF also carried out operations east of the Rhine, attacking industrial and transportation targets.


Premise: What official title did the Viceroy of Deccan hold?

Hypothesis: In 1724, Asif Jah I defeated Mubariz Khan to establish autonomy over the Deccan Suba, named the region Hyderabad Deccan, and started what came to be known as the Asif Jahi dynasty.


Premise: Where were the envoys sent?

Hypothesis: According to the Records of the Founding Emperor, the Hongwu Emperor issued an edict granting the title "Initiation State Master" to Sagya Gyaincain, while the latter sent envoys to the Ming court to hand over his jade seal of authority along with tribute of colored silk and satin, statues of the Buddha, Buddhist scriptures, and sarira.


Premise: What Off-Broadway theater did Perfect Harmony open at?

Hypothesis: The a cappella musical Perfect Harmony, a comedy about two high school a cappella groups vying to win the National championship, made its Off Broadway debut at Theatre Row’s Acorn Theatre on 42nd Street in New York City in October, 2010 after a successful out-of-town run at the Stoneham Theatre, in Stoneham, Massachusetts.


Premise: When is the annual Houston Pride Parade held?

Hypothesis: The largest and longest running is the annual Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, held over 20 days from early to late March, is the largest annual livestock show and rodeo in the world.


Premise: Who established Yale's residential college system?

Hypothesis: Yale's residential college system was established in 1933 by Edward S. Harkness, who admired the social intimacy of Oxford and Cambridge and donated significant funds to found similar colleges at Yale and Harvard.


Premise: What different kinds of law make up the laws of the United States?

Hypothesis: The law of the United States comprises many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law, of which the most important is the United States Constitution, the foundation of the federal government of the United States.


Premise: What type of life is more enviromentally diverse than multicellular life?

Hypothesis: The inverse relationship of size and population recurs higher on the evolutionary ladder—"to a first approximation, all multicellular species on Earth are insects".


Premise: What do Eleonora's falcon feed their young?

Hypothesis: A similar strategy is adopted by the greater noctule bat, which preys on nocturnal passerine migrants.


Premise: What is the name of the surviving monastic building in England?

Hypothesis: The living and working parts of many monastic buildings survive, for example at Mont Saint-Michel.


Premise: How did Beyonce deal with the miscarriage of her child?

Hypothesis: She returned to the studio and wrote music in order to cope with the loss.


Premise: When was the Bishopric of Strasbourg made an Archbishopric?

Hypothesis: It is supposed that this was the first seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Strasbourg.


Premise: What time period does Johnathon Israel focus on?

Hypothesis: He instead focuses on the history of ideas in the period from 1650 to the end of the 18th century, and claims that it was the ideas themselves that caused the change that eventually led to the revolutions of the latter half of the 18th century and the early 19th century.


Premise: To what kind of group does the delayed return system belong?

Hypothesis: One way to divide hunter-gatherer groups is by their return systems.


Premise: What was Victoria's nickname following Alberts death?

Hypothesis: She blamed her husband's death on worry over the Prince of Wales's philandering.


Premise: How many P&O liners visited Southampton on the day of the 175th anniversary celebrations?

Hypothesis: The importance of Southampton to the cruise industry was indicated by P&O Cruises's 175th anniversary celebrations, which included all seven of the company's liners visiting Southampton in a single day.


Premise: What principality did Grimaldi set up with the profits from plundering Southampton?

Hypothesis: The town was sacked in 1338 by French, Genoese and Monegasque ships (under Charles Grimaldi, who used the plunder to help found the principality of Monaco).


Premise: What was the name of the general sent to Paris by Napoleon to organize a coup against the royalists there?

Hypothesis: Bonaparte sent General Pierre Augereau to Paris to lead a coup d'état and purge the royalists on 4 September—


Premise: What type of evangelical churches are the most popular?

Hypothesis: In the post–World War I era, Liberal Christianity was on the rise, and a considerable number of seminaries held and taught from a liberal perspective as well.


Premise: What is another name for Scout's pink cotton penitentiary?

Hypothesis: Many social codes are broken by people in symbolic courtrooms: Mr. Dolphus Raymond has been exiled by society for taking a black woman as his common-law wife and having interracial children; Mayella Ewell is beaten by her father in punishment for kissing Tom Robinson; by being turned into a non-person, Boo Radley receives a punishment far greater than any court could have given him.


Premise: What sort of function are ribozymes capable of?

Hypothesis: Some RNAs known as ribozymes are capable of enzymatic function, and microRNA has a regulatory role.


Premise: What does Montana's motto mean?

Hypothesis: Montana's motto, Oro y Plata, Spanish for "Gold and Silver", recognizing the significant role of mining, was first adopted in 1865, when Montana was still a territory.


Premise: What melon is Iran a Top 5 producer in the world in 2012?

Hypothesis: According to FAO, Iran has been a top five producer of the following agricultural products in the world in 2012: apricots, cherries, sour cherries, cucumbers and gherkins, dates, eggplants, figs, pistachios, quinces, walnuts, and watermelons.


Premise: 360 ships landed in what bay?

Hypothesis: The ships then sailed east to make the landing of the allied expeditionary force on the sandy beaches of Calamita Bay on the south west coast of the Crimean Peninsula.


Premise: What gives way to the growth of plant species with secondary metabolites important for medicinal purposes?

Hypothesis: The extreme and stressful climatic conditions give way to the growth of plant species with secondary metabolites important for medicinal purposes.


Premise: When did Buddhism apread from India to Tibet?

Hypothesis: During the Indian period of Esoteric Buddhism (from the 8th century onwards), Buddhism spread from India to Tibet and Mongolia.


Premise: From where did high grade Archean rocks originate?

Hypothesis: The high-grade rocks were derived from volcanic island arcs, while the low-grade metamorphic rocks represent deep-sea sediments eroded from the neighboring island frogs and deposited in a forearc basin.


Premise: How were the Famicom controllers attached to the console?

Hypothesis: The original model Famicom featured two game controllers, both of which were hardwired to the back of the console.


Premise: What did Kanye West not have that made record companies turn him down?

Hypothesis: Multiple record companies ignored him because he did not portray the gangsta image prominent in mainstream hip hop at the time.


Premise: Which name is given to Mary because of her role as a protector of captives?

Hypothesis: Other titles have arisen from reported miracles, special appeals or occasions for calling on Mary, e.g., Our Lady of Good Counsel, Our Lady of Navigators or Our Lady of Ransom who protects captives.


Premise: What would be an indication of a shared inheritance in two cacti?

Hypothesis: However, both Pereskia and Echinocactus have spines produced from areoles (highly specialised pad-like structures) suggesting that the two genera are indeed related.


Premise: How much water is necessary to result in this darkening affect?

Hypothesis: Small amounts of substances such as zirconium are placed within the lamp as a getter to react with any oxygen that may bake out of the lamp components during operation.


Premise: What groups of organisms are closely related to each other?

Hypothesis: The archaea and eukaryotes are more closely related to each other than either is to the bacteria.


Premise: What type of bass do Chopin's mazurkas exhibit?

Hypothesis: The mazurkas often show more folk features than many of his other works, sometimes including modal scales and harmonies and the use of drone basses.


Premise: Which comic book had success with its first superhero in 1938?

Hypothesis: The success in 1938 of Action Comics and its lead hero Superman marked the beginning of the Golden Age of Comic Books, in which the superhero genre was prominent.


Premise: Bell's dehusking machine combined what with nail brushes?

Hypothesis: He was told wheat had to be dehusked through a laborious process and at the age of 12, Bell built a homemade device that combined rotating paddles with sets of nail brushes, creating a simple dehusking machine that was put into operation and used steadily for a number of years.


Premise: What  problem did the teacher's publication solve for the Holy Roman leader with act that was committed  to do in response to the actions of the teacher  ?

Hypothesis: [A critical examination of the doctrine of St. Thomas Aquinas, the Angelic Doctor, regarding original sin with respect to the Most Blessed Virgin Mary], in which Aquinas is interpreted not as treating the question of the Immaculate Conception later formulated in the papal bull Ineffabilis Deus but rather the sanctification of the fetus within Mary's womb.


Premise: Where did the British turn a blind eye to child labour?

Hypothesis: The Dutch East India Company officials rationalised their child labour abuses with, "it is a way to save these children from a worse fate.


Premise: What is the home stadium of the Carolina Hurricanes called?

Hypothesis: The National Hockey League's Carolina Hurricanes franchise moved to Raleigh in 1997 from Hartford, Connecticut (where it was known as the Hartford Whalers).


Premise: What dialect is the exception to intelligibility?

Hypothesis: The only exception is the isolated idiosyncratic Alguerese dialect.


Premise: What happened after Henry Nelson Wieman gave a lecture about Whitehead?

Hypothesis: In 1927 they invited one of America's only Whitehead experts – Henry Nelson Wieman – to Chicago to give a lecture explaining Whitehead's thought.


Premise: What are ways that small social groups can force morality?

Hypothesis: However, it is much harder to enforce morality using social forces in much larger groups.


Premise: If Neptune formed closer to the sun, what caused it to migrate to it's current orbit?

Hypothesis: This hypothesis of migration after formation is favoured, due to its ability to better explain the occupancy of the populations of small objects observed in the trans-Neptunian region.


Premise: What empire was destroyed by the Sack of Constantinople?

Hypothesis: The period known as the Crusades, a series of religiously motivated military expeditions originally intended to bring the Levant back into Christian rule, began.


Premise: How long did it take the Umayyad Caliphate to defeat the Visigoths?

Hypothesis: After defeating the Visigoths in only a few months, the Umayyad Caliphate started expanding rapidly in the peninsula.


Premise: How many Indian-descended families lived in or around Richmond in 2011?

Hypothesis: Some 6,000 families of Indian descent resided in the Richmond Region as of 2011.


Premise: what did the "Jazz Age" usher in?

Hypothesis: The social and societal upheaval known as the Roaring Twenties began in North America and spread to Europe in the aftermath of World War I. The Roaring Twenties, often called "The Jazz Age", saw an exposition of social, artistic, and cultural dynamism. '


Premise: What country is a popular site for Queen bootlegs because it is outlawed?

Hypothesis: Bootleg recordings have contributed to the band's popularity in certain countries where Western music is censored, such as Iran.


Premise: When did American Idol debut?

Hypothesis: It was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman.


Premise: How many openings in the digestive chamber do animals in the Bilateria group have?

Hypothesis: For the most part, they are bilaterally symmetric, and often have a specialized head with feeding and sensory organs.


Premise: What woman was a member of Eisenhower's cabinet?

Hypothesis: He accepted their recommendations without exception; they included John Foster Dulles and George M. Humphrey with whom he developed his closest relationships, and one woman, Oveta Culp Hobby.


Premise: What does EAPC stand for?

Hypothesis: It participates in NATO's Partnership for Peace (PiP) program and is in a NATO organisation called Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC).


Premise: What do critics claim people of color have?

Hypothesis: (Pardos may achieve "white" status if they have attained the middle-class or higher social status).


Premise: What was colonised by the East Slavs?

Hypothesis: Presently over half of Europe's territory is inhabited by Slavic-speaking communities, but every Slavic ethnicity has emigrated to other continents.


Premise: The president of the United States might prefer the formal treaty process for agreements that impose what type of legal obligations on the US?

Hypothesis: Despite the relative ease of executive agreements, the President still often chooses to pursue the formal treaty process over an executive agreement in order to gain congressional support on matters that require the Congress to pass implementing legislation or appropriate funds, and those agreements that impose long-term, complex legal obligations on the United States.


Premise: The support of what groups results in a dialect being standardized?

Hypothesis: A standard dialect (also known as a standardized dialect or "standard language") is a dialect that is supported by institutions.


Premise: How many charters schools are available in New Haven?

Hypothesis: New Haven is also home to two Achievement First charter schools, Amistad Academy and Elm City College Prep, and to Common Ground, an environmental charter school.


Premise: How old was the oldest brain discovered thought to be?

Hypothesis: The brain, estimated to be over 5,000 years old, was found in the skull of a 12 to 14-year-old girl.


Premise: According to McTaggart, what are the only things that have real existence?

Hypothesis: J. M. E. McTaggart of Cambridge University, argued that minds alone exist and only relate to each other through love.


Premise: Which Congress gave the commissioner the power to vote?

Hypothesis: Puerto Rico has elections on the United States presidential primary or caucus of the Democratic Party and the Republican Party to select delegates to the respective parties' national conventions although presidential electors are not granted on the Electoral College.


Premise: What was the language of the Pipil?

Hypothesis: The Pipil lived in western El Salvador, spoke Nawat, and had many settlements there, most noticeably Cuzcatlan.


Premise: What value did Forbes place on Arsenal in 2015?

Hypothesis: Business magazine Forbes valued Arsenal as a whole at $1.3 billion in 2015.


Premise: What was the issue Nasser led a protest against?

Hypothesis: On 13 November 1935, Nasser led a student demonstration against British rule, protesting against a statement made four days prior by UK foreign minister Samuel Hoare that rejected prospects for the 1923 Constitution's restoration.


Premise: What year was the New York Life Building built?

Hypothesis: On Madison Avenue between 26th and 27th streets, on the site of the old Madison Square Garden, is the New York Life Building, built in 1928 and designed by Cass Gilbert, with a square tower topped by a striking gilded pyramid.


Premise: What was the cost of the damage of the 1886 earthquake to the city of Charleston?

Hypothesis: It damaged 2,000 buildings in Charleston and caused $6 million worth of damage ($133 million in 2006 dollars), at a time when all the city's buildings were valued around $24 million ($531 million in 2006 dollars).


Premise: What is Richard Dawkins belief about the existence of God?

Hypothesis: Another view, advanced by Richard Dawkins, is that the existence of God is an empirical question, on the grounds that "a universe with a god would be a completely different kind of universe from one without, and it would be a scientific difference."


Premise: When can the reserve force be called upon?

Hypothesis: For the components and sub-components of the Canadian Armed Forces Reserve Force, the order of precedence follows:


Premise: Does the rail station provide 24 hour service

Hypothesis: Utrecht Centraal is a station on the night service, providing 7 days a week an all night service to (among others)


Premise: When did the modern petroleum industry start?

Hypothesis: The modern petroleum industry started in 1846 with the discovery of the process of refining kerosene from coal by Nova Scotian Abraham Pineo Gesner.


Premise: Where is the Krispy kreme headquarters located?

Hypothesis: The Piedmont Triad, or center of the state, is home to Krispy Kreme, Mayberry, Texas Pete, the Lexington Barbecue Festival, and Moravian cookies.


Premise: When was the Type-C Specification 1.0 finalized?

Hypothesis: Developed at roughly the same time as the USB 3.1 specification, but distinct from it, the USB Type-C Specification 1.0 was finalized in August 2014 and defines a new small reversible-plug connector for USB devices.


Premise: When did Seoul Semiconductor release the first high DC voltage LED?

Hypothesis: In 2009, Seoul Semiconductor released a high DC voltage LED, named as 'Acrich MJT', capable of being driven from AC power with a simple controlling circuit.


Premise: What categories have an aspect of fluidity?

Hypothesis: Fluidity of racial categories aside, the "biologification" of race in Brazil referred above would match contemporary concepts of race in the United States quite closely, though, if Brazilians are supposed to choose their race as one among, Asian and Indigenous apart, three IBGE's census categories.


Premise: In what state did the largest American mass execution occur?

Hypothesis: They were executed simultaneously on December 26, 1862, in Mankato, Minnesota.


Premise: What type of music had the biggest impact on the kef of the Vosbikian Band?

Hypothesis: Richard Hagopian is perhaps the most famous artist of the traditional "kef" style and the Vosbikian Band was notable in the 1940s and 1950s for developing their own style of "kef music" heavily influenced by the popular American Big Band Jazz of the time.


Premise: What is the most common zinc ore?

Hypothesis: In some respects zinc is chemically similar to magnesium: its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2.


Premise: How many teams in each season do the Fighting Irish commit to play against ACC opponents?

Hypothesis: The Irish left the Big East for the ACC during a prolonged period of instability in the Big East; while they maintain their football independence, they have committed to play five games per season against ACC opponents.


Premise: How does Florida vote in presidential elections

Hypothesis: Since the 1970s, the conservative white majority of voters in the state has largely shifted from the Democratic to the Republican Party.


Premise: What effect did  having taxes charged at a fixed amount have on it's revenue?

Hypothesis: Taxes on the peasantry were set at fixed amounts which did not account for inflation or other changes in monetary value.


Premise: What AFL game was broadcast on ABC?

Hypothesis: The league received its first taste of wide exposure in 1998, when Arena Bowl XII was televised nationally as part of ABC's old Wide World of Sports.


Premise: What did the old letter ⟨ѭ⟩ become?

Hypothesis: Older letters of the Russian alphabet include ⟨ѣ⟩, which merged to ⟨е⟩ (/je/ or /ʲe/); ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩, which both merged to ⟨и⟩ (/i/); ⟨ѳ⟩, which merged to ⟨ф⟩ (/f/); ⟨ѫ⟩, which merged to ⟨у⟩ (/u/); ⟨ѭ⟩, which merged to ⟨ю⟩


Premise: what was the prototype of ghetto house?

Hypothesis: Ghetto house and acid house were other house music styles that were also started in Chicago.


Premise: There is a  high presence of what type of company in the city?

Hypothesis: The city is considered highly innovative for a variety of reasons, including the presence of academia, access to venture capital, and the presence of many high-tech companies.


Premise: What is considered a measurement of a state's support to liberal democracy?

Hypothesis: Regulation of parties may run from a crackdown on or repression of all opposition parties, a norm for authoritarian governments, to the repression of certain parties which hold or promote ideals which run counter to the general ideology of the state's incumbents (or possess membership by-laws which are legally unenforceable).


Premise: What was the big fear that brought the British government to extend the deadline for the trade license for the company?

Hypothesis: Between 1756 and 1763, the Seven Years' War diverted the state's attention towards consolidation and defence of its territorial possessions in Europe and its colonies in North America.


Premise: What is the NIOSH uranium exposure standard over an 8-hour workday?

Hypothesis: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 0.2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday and a short-term limit of 0.6 mg/m3.


Premise: Where did Stein graduate from?

Hypothesis: The editor and co-publisher of The Riverdale Press, Bernard Stein, won the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing for his editorials about Bronx and New York City issues in 1998.


Premise: What are some of the empires and dynasties that ruled this lane?

Hypothesis: The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire.


Premise: What year did 6 different Iranian films of six different styles represent at the Berlin International Film Festival?

Hypothesis: The continuous presence of Iranian films in prestigious international festivals, such as the Cannes Film Festival, the Venice Film Festival, and the Berlin International Film Festival, attracted world attention to Iranian masterpieces.


Premise: Who has split I2a2 into two clades?

Hypothesis: Recently, Ken Nordtvedt has split I2a2 into two clades – N (northern) and S (southern), in relation where they arose compared to Danube river.


Premise: What are the most popular sports in Eritrea?

Hypothesis: In recent years, Eritrean athletes have also seen increasing success in the international arena.


Premise: What year did the Saint Helena Constitution officially take effect?

Hypothesis: The Saint Helena Constitution took effect in 1989 and provided that the island would be governed by a Governor and Commander-in-Chief, and an elected Executive and Legislative Council.


Premise: What position did Konayev hold in Kazakhstan prior to his removal?

Hypothesis: The "Jeltoqsan" (Kazakh for "December") of 1986 were riots in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, sparked by Gorbachev's dismissal of Dinmukhamed Konayev, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan and an ethnic Kazakh, who was replaced with Gennady Kolbin, an outsider from the Russian SFSR.


Premise: During what years did Austria rule Palermo?

Hypothesis: It was also ruled by Austria between 1720 and 1734.


Premise: What legendary figure was featured in the Historia Regum Britanniae?

Hypothesis: Geoffrey of Monmouth (d. c. 1155) composed his Historia Regum Britanniae, a collection of stories and legends about Arthur.


Premise: What is the Michigan Stadium called colloquially?

Hypothesis: Several well-known college sports facilities exist in the city, including Michigan Stadium, the largest American football stadium in the world.


Premise: What type of interactions happen within groups of infected individuals in epidemics?

Hypothesis: Thus, infection rates in small-world networks can be reduced somewhat if interactions between individuals within infected hubs are eliminated (Figure 1).


Premise: What is the sex ratio gap in Thuringia?

Hypothesis: The Thuringian population has a significant sex ratio gap, caused by the emigration of young women, especially in rural areas.


Premise: What is obscure until the Early Dynastic III period around the 23rd century BC?

Hypothesis: Sumerian written history reaches back to the 27th century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. the 23rd century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was developed, which has allowed archaeologists to read contemporary records and inscriptions.


Premise: What kind of insects attract the most attention from humans?

Hypothesis: Although pest insects attract the most attention, many insects are beneficial to the environment and to humans.


Premise: A dispatch was edited about a meeting between the French ambassador and what Prussian king?

Hypothesis: According to some historians, Bismarck adroitly created a diplomatic crisis over the succession to the Spanish throne, then edited a dispatch about a meeting between King William of Prussia and the French ambassador, to make it appear that the French had been insulted.


Premise: How many soldiers did Parisian Taxis transport to the front line at the First Battle of the Marne?

Hypothesis: During the First World War, Paris sometimes found itself on the front line; 600 to 1,000 Paris taxis played a small but highly important symbolic role in transporting 6,000 soldiers to the front line at the First Battle of the Marne.


Premise: What Security Council Resolution ended UN Trusteeship over the Marshalls?

Hypothesis: In 1986, the Compact of Free Association with the United States entered into force, granting the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) its sovereignty.


Premise: What is the cultural purpose of adolescence?

Hypothesis: Within all of these perspectives, adolescence is viewed as a transitional period between childhood and adulthood, whose cultural purpose is the preparation of children for adult roles.


Premise: According to Hayek, what was the cause of the banks' wrongful allocation of funds?

Hypothesis: Hayek claimed that "the past instability of the market economy is the consequence of the exclusion of the most important regulator of the market mechanism, money, from itself being regulated by the market process".


Premise: By what season was American Idol the most watched show on TV?

Hypothesis: By season four, American Idol had become the most watched series amongst all viewers on American TV for the first time, with an average viewership of 26.8 million.


Premise: How long has IAST been the standard system used for transliteration of Sanskrit?

Hypothesis: The system most commonly used today is the IAST


Premise: What production trait existed in tribal groups that were controlled by charismatic leaders?

Hypothesis: Control of labour and inter-group conflict is characteristic of corporate-level or 'tribal' groups, headed by a charismatic individual; whether a 'big man' or a proto-chief, functioning as a lineage-group head.


Premise: When did Seibu, located in Jakarta, re-open?

Hypothesis: 2007 saw the re-opening of Jakarta's Seibu, poised to be the largest and second most upscale department store in Indonesia after Harvey Nichols, which the latter closed in 2010 and yet plans to return.


Premise: What did Washington do after defeating the British Army?

Hypothesis: Washington astonished the world when, instead of seizing power, he retired quietly to his farm in Virginia.


Premise: Where did the official make his announcement of the meetings outcome ?

Hypothesis: In a speech at Chatham House, he revealed that "We [Myanmar government] are reviewing all cases.


Premise: Which type of craft were two astronauts to fly in during Zond?

Hypothesis: The circumlunar program (Zond), created by Vladimir Chelomey's design bureau OKB-52, was to fly two cosmonauts in a stripped-down Soyuz 7K-L1, launched by Chelomey's Proton UR-500 rocket.


Premise: What do you call a male duck?

Hypothesis: Males, known as drakes, are often larger than females (simply known as ducks) and are differently coloured in some breeds.


Premise: The arguments presented in The Use of Knowledge in Society created an starting point for who?

Hypothesis: He contrasted the use of the price mechanism with central planning, arguing that the former allows for more rapid adaptation to changes in particular circumstances of time and place.


Premise: How much freight into Armenia originated in Azerbaijan?

Hypothesis: In a new and effective tactic, the Popular Front launched a rail blockade of Armenia, which caused petrol and food shortages because 85 percent of Armenia's freight came from Azerbaijan.


Premise: How many carriers did Nagumo have at the Battle of Midway?

Hypothesis: To make matters worse, Nagumo's four carriers had drifted out of formation in their efforts to avoid torpedoes, reducing the concentration of their anti-aircraft fire.


Premise: Who was the Austrian commander who led the army at the fortress of Ulm?

Hypothesis: Facing a potential invasion from his continental enemies, he decided to strike first and turned his army's sights from the English Channel to the Rhine.


Premise: What does the first truth cover?

Hypothesis: Dukkha is commonly translated as "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", "unease", etc., and it is said to have the following three aspects:


Premise: What benefits did attacking from below offer?

Hypothesis: Attacks from below offered a larger target, compared to attacking tail-on, as well as a better chance of not being seen by the bomber (so less chance of evasion), as well as greater likelihood of detonating its bombload.


Premise: How much did the Skylab 1 weigh?

Hypothesis: Skylab stayed in orbit another five years before reentering the Earth's atmosphere over the Indian Ocean and Western Australia on July 11, 1979.


Premise: A BIOS chip is located where in a computer?

Hypothesis: Firmware is the technology which has the combination of both hardware and software such as BIOS chip inside a computer.


Premise: What is the English translation of Mandap?

Hypothesis: In Sanskrit, Kastha (काष्ठ) means "wood" and Mandap (/मण्डप) means "covered shelter".


Premise: New Haven was feature in what movie regarding secret society and conspiracy theories?

Hypothesis: New Haven was also fictionalized in the movie The Skulls (2000), which focused on conspiracy theories surrounding the real-life Skull and Bones secret society which is located in New Haven.


Premise: In which year did the Warsaw Pact cease to function effectively?

Hypothesis: The Pact failed to function when the Revolutions of 1989 spread through Eastern Europe, beginning with the Solidarity movement in Poland and its success in June 1989.


Premise: What have a number of tourism-related organizations placed Greek destinations at the top of?

Hypothesis: In recent years a number of well-known tourism-related organizations have placed Greek destinations in the top of their lists.


Premise: How do viewers vote for a contestant using Fan Save?

Hypothesis: During the finals, viewers are given a five-minute window to vote for the contestants in danger of elimination by using their Twitter account to decide which contestant will move on to the next show, starting with the Top 8.


Premise: The Warsaw Chopin Society holds the Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin how often?

Hypothesis: The Warsaw Chopin Society organizes the Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin for notable Chopin recordings, held every five years.


Premise: What was the value of the cancelled gas project that was to be contstructed in Louisiana?

Hypothesis: A new CEO Ben van Beurden was appointed in January 2014, prior to the announcement that the corporation's overall performance in 2013 was 38 per cent lower than 2012—the value of Shell's shares fell by 3 per cent as a result.


Premise: Who did the Tories occasionally cooperate with?

Hypothesis: At times they cooperated with the "Opposition Whigs", Whigs who were in opposition to the Whig government; however, the ideological gap between the Tories and the Opposition Whigs prevented them from coalescing as a single party.


Premise: Although trans fats are harmful to human health, what property do they have that makes them useful in food processing?

Hypothesis: Saturated fats (typically from animal sources) have been a staple in many world cultures for millennia.


Premise: How is the energy stored by pumped-storage hydroelectricity recovered?

Hypothesis: Pumped-storage hydroelectricity stores energy in the form of water pumped when energy is available from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one.


Premise: What are the main attractions in Cork?

Hypothesis: Ranging in capacity from 50 to 1,000, the main music venues in the city are the Cork Opera House (capacity c.1000), Cyprus Avenue, Triskel Christchurch, the Roundy, the Savoy and Coughlan's.[citation needed]


Premise: What group that had been to this point neglected was included in this thought?

Hypothesis: As a program to revive the cultural – and particularly the literary – legacy and moral philosophy of classical antiquity, Humanism was a pervasive cultural mode and not the program of a few isolated geniuses like Rabelais or Erasmus as is still sometimes popularly believed.


Premise: In what location is The Qutub Festival held?

Hypothesis: Other events such as Kite Flying Festival, International Mango Festival and Vasant Panchami (the Spring Festival) are held every year in Delhi.


Premise: How many denominations were spawned by Pentecostalism?

Hypothesis: Pentecostalism eventually spawned hundreds of new denominations, including large groups such as the Assemblies of God and the Church of God in Christ, both in the United States and elsewhere.


Premise: When did the Royal Institute and ARB reach accord on a shared body of criteria?

Hypothesis: Under arrangements made in 2011 the validation criteria are jointly held by the RIBA and the Architects Registration Board, but unlike the ARB, the RIBA also validates courses outside the UK.


Premise: How long was von Neumann's lattice theory paper?

Hypothesis: This conclusion is the culmination of 140 pages of brilliant and incisive algebra involving entirely novel axioms.


Premise: What is one use that would require an antenna to receive signals in various ways at once?

Hypothesis: The difference in the above factors for the case of θ=0 is the reason that most broadcasting (transmissions intended for the public) uses vertical polarization.


Premise: Who led the coup that gained control over Austrasia?

Hypothesis: The Carolingian dynasty, as the successors to Charles Martel are known, officially took control of the kingdoms of Austrasia and Neustria in a coup of 753 led by Pippin III (r. 752–768).


Premise: What script saw no more stages of evolution?

Hypothesis: After this point, although developments in the art of calligraphy and in character simplification still lay ahead, there were no more major stages of evolution for the mainstream script.


Premise: Where did Dell configure their notebooks?

Hypothesis: Throughout most of the company's history, Dell manufactured desktop machines in-house and contracted out manufacturing of base notebooks for configuration in-house.


Premise: What is the compilation of Isidore of Seville's work called?

Hypothesis: Indeed, by the time Isidore of Seville came to write his Etymologies, the word Maurus or "Moor" had become an adjective in Latin, "for the Greeks call black, mauron". "


Premise: Who was elected as the Watch Tower Society's president in January of 1917?

Hypothesis: In January 1917, the Watch Tower Society's legal representative, Joseph Franklin Rutherford, was elected as its next president.


Premise: What is a professional called at a restaurant who advises customers about beer and food pairs?

Hypothesis: A relatively new profession is that of the beer sommelier, who informs restaurant patrons about beers and food pairings.


Premise: How did an isolated setting like an island help flowering plants evolve?

Hypothesis: Island genetics provides one proposed explanation for the sudden, fully developed appearance of flowering plants.


Premise: What did the Second Great Awakening create?

Hypothesis: It enrolled millions of new members in existing evangelical denominations and led to the formation of new denominations.


Premise: How many tigers were relocated to Sariska?

Hypothesis: Ranthambore National Park is known worldwide for its tiger population and is considered by both wilderness lovers and photographers as one of the best place in India to spot tigers.


Premise: What concept is associated with the solvability of polynomials?

Hypothesis: Abstract properties of Galois groups associated with polynomials (in particular their solvability) give a criterion for polynomials that have all their solutions expressible by radicals, i.e. solutions expressible using solely addition, multiplication, and roots similar to the formula above.


Premise: What is a nation which can exert its influence on a global scale called?

Hypothesis: Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own.


Premise: When will work being on the follow-up to Spectre?

Hypothesis: A sequel to Spectre will begin development in spring 2016.


Premise: Who were targeted by the local Uzbeks?

Hypothesis: On June 23, 1989, Gorbachev removed Rafiq Nishonov as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Uzbek SSR and replaced him with Karimov, who went on to lead Uzbekistan as a Soviet Republic and subsequently as an independent state.


Premise: How much of the Bronx's population is Hispanic?

Hypothesis: The U.S. Census considers the Bronx to be the most diverse area in the country.


Premise: Feminist economists Ailsa McKay and Margunn Bjornhold believe that the financial crisis and response reveal a crisis of ideas in this?

Hypothesis: They argue that such a reshaping should include new advances within feminist economics and ecological economics that take as their starting point the socially responsible, sensible and accountable subject in creating an economy and economic theories that fully acknowledge care for each other as well as the planet.


Premise: When did Antipater die?

Hypothesis: The second Diadochi war began following the death of Antipater in 319 BC.


Premise: The Buddha mocked what hymn of the Vedic?

Hypothesis: He also mocked the Vedic "hymn of the cosmic man".


Premise: What did the British fear most?

Hypothesis: Such an event would have serious consequences on the future course of the war, should the Germans succeed.


Premise: At what institution of higher education is James M. Shuart Stadium located?

Hypothesis: The Cosmos play their home games at James M. Shuart Stadium on the campus of Hofstra University, just outside the New York City limits in Hempstead, New York.


Premise: Who originally discovered these parts of the immune system?

Hypothesis: Prior to the designation of immunity from the etymological root immunis, which is Latin for "exempt"; early physicians characterized organs that would later be proven as essential components of the immune system.


Premise: How is the standard used there?

Hypothesis: In the Balearic Islands, IEC's standard is used but adapted for the Balearic dialect by the University of the Balearic Islands's philological section.


Premise: One of the most important business in which Shell is involved is what?

Hypothesis: While the vertically integrated business model provided significant economies of scale and barriers to entry, each business now seeks to be a self-supporting unit without subsidies from other parts of the company.


Premise: Aside from George Sands what two French authors have written about Chopin?

Hypothesis: There are numerous biographies of Chopin in English (see bibliography for some of these).


Premise: Under what rule was China not isolated?

Hypothesis: Foreign trade and other contacts with the outside world, particularly Japan, increased considerably.


Premise: What was Raleigh captured by in the Civil War?

Hypothesis: The city was spared significant destruction during the War, but due to the economic problems of the post-war period and Reconstruction, with a state economy based on agriculture, it grew little over the next several decades.


Premise: What happened to the shawn and the wooden cornet during the Baroque period?

Hypothesis: Some instruments from previous eras fell into disuse, such as the shawm and the wooden cornet.


Premise: What role did Schwarzenegger miss out on because of his height?

Hypothesis: Schwarzenegger drew attention and boosted his profile in the bodybuilding film Pumping Iron (1977), elements of which were dramatized; in 1991, he purchased the rights to the film, its outtakes, and associated still photography.


Premise: What Antarctic ice shelf collapsed in 2008?

Hypothesis: Between 28 February and 8 March 2008, about 570 km2 (220 sq mi) of ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf on the southwest part of the peninsula collapsed, putting the remaining 15,000 km2 (5,800 sq mi) of the ice shelf at risk.


Premise: What is armed with nuclear Popeye Turbo missiles?

Hypothesis: Israel is widely believed to possess nuclear weapons as well as chemical and biological weapons of mass destruction.


Premise: How many speakers of Sanskrit were there by the 1991 census?

Hypothesis: Historically, the village was given by king Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagara Empire to Vedic scholars and their families, while people in his kingdom spoke Kannada and Telugu.


Premise: What year did the sixth season of American Idol first air?

Hypothesis: The premiere drew a massive audience of 37.3 million viewers, peaking in the last half hour with more than 41 million viewers.


Premise: What islands were the site of the State Summer Residence from 1949 on?

Hypothesis: As the President, Tito had access to extensive (state-owned) property associated with the office, and maintained a lavish lifestyle.


Premise: What songs from the 1940s and 1950s would adult contemporary stations play?

Hypothesis: The custom recordings were usually instrumental versions of current or recent rock and roll or pop hit songs, a move intended to give the stations more mass appeal without selling out.


Premise: What was the name of the director of the Meteorological Office who opposed DST?

Hypothesis: However, the opposition was stronger: it included Prime Minister H. H. Asquith, Christie (the Astronomer Royal), George Darwin, Napier Shaw (director of the Meteorological Office), many agricultural organizations, and theatre owners.


Premise: Who was a Russian translator and Soviet Spy?

Hypothesis: The early track record of the CIA was poor, with the agency unable to provide sufficient intelligence about the Soviet takeovers of Romania and Czechoslovakia, the Soviet blockade of Berlin, and the Soviet atomic bomb project.


Premise: What climate zone does Philadelphia fall under?

Hypothesis: Snowfall is highly variable, with some winters bringing only light snow and others bringing several major snowstorms, with the normal seasonal snowfall standing at 22.4 in (57 cm); snow in November or April is rare, and a sustained snow cover is rare.


Premise: What is the name of one sweet dessert in Greece?

Hypothesis: Sweet desserts such as galaktoboureko, and drinks such as ouzo, metaxa and a variety of wines including retsina.


Premise: What school practices were kept by the Roman world after the fall of Greece ?

Hypothesis: The University of Constantinople was Christian Europe's first secular institution of higher learning since no theological subjects were taught, and considering the original meaning of the world university as a corporation of students, the world’s first university as well.


Premise: How much was the NBC broadcasting deal with the Premier League worth in 2015?

Hypothesis: NBC Sports reached a six-year extension with the Premier League in 2015 to broadcast the league through the 2021–22 season in a deal valued at $1 billion (£640 million).


Premise: Where was Colombia Point Health Center located?

Hypothesis: In 1965, the first Community Health Center in the United States opened, the Columbia Point Health Center, in the Dorchester neighborhood.


Premise: Which of Northwestern's alumni is notable for becoming a U.S. Senator and presidential candidate?

Hypothesis: Among Northwestern's more notable alumni are U.S. Senator and presidential candidate George McGovern, Nobel Prize–winning economist George J. Stigler, Nobel Prize–winning novelist Saul Bellow, Pulitzer Prize–winning composer and diarist Ned Rorem, the much-decorated composer Howard Hanson, Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey Ali Babacan, the historian and novelist Wilma Dykeman, and the founder of the presidential prayer breakfast Abraham Vereide.


Premise: What must designers of systems that are ACL based do?

Hypothesis: This does not mean practical flaws exist in all ACL-based systems, but only that the designers of certain utilities must take responsibility to ensure that they do not introduce flaws.[citation needed]


Premise: What kind of memory skills do dogs have?

Hypothesis: A study showed compelling evidence that Australian dingos can outperform domestic dogs in non-social problem-solving experiment, indicating that domestic dogs may have lost much of their original problem-solving abilities once they joined humans.


Premise: What adjascent communities also hold a high Jewish population?

Hypothesis: The adjacent communities of Brookline and Newton are both approximately one-third Jewish.


Premise: Name one of the poetic authors who was also nominated for the Nobel Peace Award from the Greeks ?

Hypothesis: Novel is also represented by Alexandros Papadiamantis and Nikos Kazantzakis.


Premise: What percent of Israel's population is black?

Hypothesis: In addition, Israel is home to over 5,000 members of the African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem movement that are descendants of African Americans who emigrated to Israel in the 20th century, and who reside mainly in a distinct neighborhood in the Negev town of Dimona.


Premise: What author wrote about the US Air Force egalitarian culture?

Hypothesis: When the enlisted force did go into harm's way, such as members of multi-crewed aircraft, the close comradeship of shared risk in tight quarters created traditions that shaped a somewhat different kind of officer/enlisted relationship than exists elsewhere in the military.