Premise: Which writer in The Guardian was critical of Hopkins?

Hypothesis: He suspected that if any other contributor had written the piece it would not have been published and questioned her continued employment by the newspaper.


Premise: When was the Third Great Awakening?

Hypothesis: The Third Great Awakening refers to a hypothetical historical period that was marked by religious activism in American history and spans the late 1850s to the early 20th century.


Premise: Why couldn't Shawn Michaels defend himself?

Hypothesis: At the Great American Bash in 2008, Chris Jericho was declared the winner of a match against Shawn Michaels when Michaels could not defend himself due to excessive blood loss and impaired vision.


Premise: What was the playing time common in the early 20th century?

Hypothesis: At the beginning of the 20th century, the early discs played for two minutes, the same as early cylinder records.


Premise: What method formally adds inverses to elements to any monoid?

Hypothesis: For example, if the requirement that every element has an inverse is eliminated, the resulting algebraic structure is called a monoid.


Premise: What was the murders of the missionaries called?

Hypothesis: From 1889, when Guangxu began to rule in his own right, to 1898, the Empress Dowager lived in semi-retirement, spending the majority of the year at the Summer Palace.


Premise: What does the ancient Greek word 'génos' mean?

Hypothesis: Gene was coined in 1909 by Danish botanist Wilhelm Johannsen to describe the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity, while the related word genetics was first used by William Bateson in 1905.


Premise: Where is the Universidad Tecnologica located?

Hypothesis: The Universidad Tecnológica de México is also in Mexico City.


Premise: What is a cell membrane?

Hypothesis: The bacterial cell is surrounded by a cell membrane (also known as a lipid, cytoplasmic or plasma membrane).


Premise: What is WINEP?

Hypothesis: " Details can be found in Policy Focus #65.


Premise: What year did Kanye West begin his relationship with Alexis Phifer?

Hypothesis: West began an on-and-off relationship with designer Alexis Phifer in 2002, and they became engaged in August 2006.


Premise: Along with Galicia's, which other two province's autonomy was annulled?

Hypothesis: Galicia was spared the worst of the fighting in that war: it was one of the areas where the initial coup attempt at the outset of the war was successful, and it remained in Nationalist (Franco's army's) hands throughout the war.


Premise: In the Baroque era, who would improvise preludes?

Hypothesis: In the Baroque era, organ performers would improvise preludes, keyboard performers playing harpsichord would improvise chords from the figured bass symbols beneath the bass notes of the basso continuo part and both vocal and instrumental performers would improvise musical ornaments.


Premise: The American observer said what about the damage to London?

Hypothesis: The American observer Ingersoll reported at this time that "as to the accuracy of the bombing of military objectives, here I make no qualifications.


Premise: What is a dialect continuum?

Hypothesis: However, migrations from the 16th to 18th centuries resulting from the spread of Ottoman Empire on the Balkans have caused large-scale population displacement that broke the dialect continuum into many geographical pockets.


Premise: What type of gas fills a tungsten filament bulb?

Hypothesis: Filling a bulb with an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen retards the evaporation of the tungsten filament compared to operating it in a vacuum.


Premise: Who realied the first digital cinema projection in Europe?

Hypothesis: On 2 February 2000, Philippe Binant realised the first digital cinema projection in Europe, with the DLP CINEMA technology developed by Texas Instruments, in Paris.


Premise: Who intermediates between God and prophets?

Hypothesis: The revelation does not come directly from God to the prophets.


Premise: How could a wrestler win in the past?

Hypothesis: Historically, matches were wrestled to 3 falls ("best 2 out of 3") or 5 falls ("best 3 out of 5").


Premise: In addition to the preparatory work from the drafting and negotiation of a treaty, what might arbiters review when resolving a dispute over the interpretation of a treaty?

Hypothesis: To establish the meaning in context, these judicial bodies may review the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of the treaty as well as the final, signed treaty itself.


Premise: What does REN do?

Hypothesis: Portugal’s distribution system is also now a two-way street.


Premise: How many main emotions exist in Plutchik's theory?

Hypothesis: Some basic emotions can be modified to form complex emotions.


Premise: When did the battle take place?

Hypothesis: Wu Sangui, caught between a rebel army twice his size and a foreign enemy he had fought for years, decided to cast his lot with the Manchus, with whom he was familiar.


Premise: Where was persecution of Christianity the worst?

Hypothesis: Athanasius recounts being a student, as well as being educated by the Martyrs of the Great (tenth) and last persecution of Christianity by pagan Rome.[citation needed]


Premise: Why are seabirds from the southern hemisphere more likely to migrate?

Hypothesis: This is because there is a large area of ocean in the Southern Hemisphere, and more islands suitable for seabirds to nest.


Premise: Where do the Pila Nguru people live?

Hypothesis: There are nevertheless a number of contemporary hunter-gatherer peoples who, after contact with other societies, continue their ways of life with very little external influence.


Premise: What is Oklahoma's fourth most popular language?

Hypothesis: German is the fourth most commonly used language, with 13,444 speakers representing about 0.4% of the total state population.


Premise: What term means "great vehicle"?

Hypothesis: The Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra, an early and important Mahayana text, contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva: "Because he has enlightenment as his aim, a bodhisattva-mahāsattva is so called."


Premise: Who were the first monarchs crowned at Westminster Abbey?

Hypothesis: Since 1066, when Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror were crowned, the coronations of English and British monarchs have been held there.


Premise: What is the title of the book and movie about the Mogadishu uprising?

Hypothesis: The book Black Hawk Down was written about the battle, and was the basis for the later movie of the same name.


Premise: What can reduce the negative effects of inbreeding?

Hypothesis: Incestuous matings by the purple-crowned fairy wren Malurus coronatus result in severe fitness costs due to inbreeding depression (greater than 30% reduction in hatchability of eggs).


Premise: What is caused by using or selling a patented invention without permission?

Hypothesis: Patent infringement typically is caused by using or selling a patented invention without permission from the patent holder.


Premise: What is the hospital located north of New Haven in Meriden?

Hypothesis: A large Veterans Affairs hospital is located in neighboring West Haven.


Premise: Before the Muslim invasions, what did previous invaders do in the local cultures?

Hypothesis: What does however, make the Muslim intrusions and later Muslim invasions different is that unlike the preceding invaders who assimilated into the prevalent social system, the successful Muslim conquerors retained their Islamic identity and created new legal and administrative systems that challenged and usually in many cases superseded the existing systems of social conduct and ethics, even influencing the non-Muslim rivals and common masses to a large extent, though non-Muslim population was left to their own laws and customs.


Premise: In what body gland are the peripheral oscillators located?

Hypothesis: These clocks, called peripheral oscillators, are found in the adrenal gland,[citation needed] oesophagus, lungs, liver, pancreas, spleen, thymus, and skin.[citation needed]


Premise: An important guiding priciple of Buddhist practice is what?

Hypothesis: The Middle Way has several definitions:


Premise: The Battle of of Lepanto took place in what year?

Hypothesis: When military conflicts broke out between the Ottoman Empire and other states, Greeks usually took arms against the Empire, with few exceptions.


Premise: Who works against corruption in India?

Hypothesis: In India, the anti-corruption bureau fights against corruption, and a new ombudsman bill called Jan Lokpal Bill is being prepared.


Premise: What was the central point of the rulings of the Supreme Court's rulings?

Hypothesis: Jeffries and Ryan (2001) argue that the modern concept of separation of church and state dates from the mid-twentieth century rulings of the Supreme Court.


Premise: The Assistant Editor of The Times in 1941-1946 strongly supported what stance?

Hypothesis: As a result of Carr's editorial, The Times became popularly known during that stage of World War II as the threepenny Daily Worker (the price of the Daily Worker being one penny).


Premise: When will the BBC's weekend highlights package run out?

Hypothesis: On 22 June 2009, due to troubles encountered by Setanta Sports after it failed to meet a final deadline over a £30 million payment to the Premier League, ESPN was awarded two packages of UK rights containing a total of 46 matches that were available for the 2009–10 season as well as a package of 23 matches per season from 2010–11 to 2012–13.


Premise: Which first-class matches were hosted at Mardyke?

Hypothesis: The club plays at the Mardyke, a ground which has hosted three first-class matches in 1947, 1961 and 1973.


Premise: Who developed the Dynagroove format?

Hypothesis: RCA Victor introduced another system to reduce dynamic range and achieve a groove with less surface noise under the commercial name of Dynagroove.


Premise: Which organization sharply rebuked Hopkins' comments?

Hypothesis: In a statement released on 24 April 2015, High Commissioner Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein stated that Hopkins' used "language very similar to that employed by Rwanda's Kangura newspaper and Radio Mille Collines during the run up to the 1994 genocide", and noted that both media organizations were subsequently convicted by an international tribunal of public incitement to commit genocide.


Premise: What conferences became a requirement after Vatican II?

Hypothesis: Related questions were raised about the new National Bishop Conferences, which became mandatory after Vatican II.


Premise: In terms of purchasing power, where did Miami rank among world cities in a 2009 UBS study?

Hypothesis: In a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States (of four U.S. cities included in the survey) and the world's fifth-richest city, in terms of purchasing power.


Premise: Who released the first collection of Chopin's works?

Hypothesis: Among modern scholarly editions of Chopin's works are the version under the name of Paderewski published between 1937 and 1966 and the more recent Polish "National Edition", edited by Jan Ekier, both of which contain detailed explanations and discussions regarding choices and sources.


Premise: Who is the Governor in Michigan?

Hypothesis: It was declared bankrupt by Judge Steven W. Rhodes of the Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Michigan on December 3, 2013; he cited its $18.5 billion debt and declared that negotiations with its thousands of creditors were unfeasible.


Premise: The Triple Entente served as a counter to what agreement?

Hypothesis: The Triple Entente was the name given to the loose alignment between the United Kingdom, France, and Russia after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907.


Premise: What crime increased in the Tucson area in 1877?

Hypothesis: From 1877 to 1878, the area suffered a rash of stagecoach robberies.


Premise: In the wake of the October resolution, what happened to the Russian Imperial Army?

Hypothesis: In the wake of the October Revolution, the old Russian Imperial Army had been demobilized; the volunteer-based Red Guard was the Bolsheviks' main military force, augmented by an armed military component of the Cheka, the Bolshevik state security apparatus.


Premise: Of what did Aeneas establish the central feature?

Hypothesis: Rome had a semi-divine ancestor in the Trojan refugee Aeneas, son of Venus, who was said to have established the nucleus of Roman religion when he brought the Palladium, Lares and Penates from Troy to Italy.


Premise: In what year during the Hundred Years' War did the French assault Plymouth?

Hypothesis: In 1512 an Act of Parliament was passed for further fortifying Plymouth, and a series of fortifications were then built, including defensive walls at the entrance to Sutton Pool (across which a chain would be extended in time of danger).


Premise: How many Americans served in the military in World War II?

Hypothesis: World War II holds a special place in the American psyche as the country's greatest triumph, and the U.S. military personnel of World War II are frequently referred to as "the Greatest Generation."


Premise: How many people does Goodison Park stadium hold?

Hypothesis: Amazingly, there was only 1 injury at this game-Tom Fleetwood was hit on the head by a coin thrown from the crowd whilst he marched around the perimeter with St Edward's Orphanage Band, playing the cornet.


Premise: Who made the Apollo Belvedere?

Hypothesis: The marble is a Hellenistic or Roman copy of a bronze original by the Greek sculptor Leochares, made between 350 and 325 BCE.


Premise: What acoustic element could be distorted by different audio settings in iPods prior to 2007?

Hypothesis: For all iPods released in 2006 and earlier, some equalizer (EQ) sound settings would distort the bass sound far too easily, even on undemanding songs.


Premise: Who was the show hosted by?

Hypothesis: Almost at the same time in Taiwan, a similarly themed programme was on air hosted by the sitting president Ma Ying-jeou.


Premise: How much money was spent on construction of the island's airport?

Hypothesis: The UK government has spent £250 million in the construction of the island's airport.


Premise: How can a champion lose a championship?

Hypothesis: In championship matches, this means that, unlike one-on-one matches (where the champion can simply disqualify themselves or get themselves counted out to retain the title via the "champion's advantag"), the champion does not have to be pinned or involved in the decision to lose the championship.


Premise: What caused the decrease in commerce and production in the 14th century?

Hypothesis: Though there is no doubt that the demographic crisis of the 14th century caused a dramatic fall in production and commerce in absolute terms, there has been a vigorous historical debate over whether the decline was greater than the fall in population.


Premise: What high school did Feynman go to?

Hypothesis: Feynman attended Far Rockaway High School, a school in Far Rockaway, Queens also attended by fellow Nobel laureates Burton Richter and Baruch Samuel Blumberg.


Premise: The highest peak of the Western Alps is where?

Hypothesis: The second-highest major peaks are Monte Rosa at 4,634 m (15,200 ft) and Ortler at 3,905 m (12,810 ft), respectively


Premise: What type of technology related to water was to be developed under the Ecoimagination program?

Hypothesis: In May 2005, GE announced the launch of a program called "Ecomagination," intended, in the words of CEO Jeff Immelt "to develop tomorrow's solutions such as solar energy, hybrid locomotives, fuel cells, lower-emission aircraft engines, lighter and stronger durable materials, efficient lighting, and water purification technology".


Premise: Who was the first professor of the college?

Hypothesis: The Royal College of Chemistry was established by private subscription in 1845 as there was a growing awareness that practical aspects of the experimental sciences were not well taught and that in the United Kingdom the teaching of chemistry in particular had fallen behind that in Germany.


Premise: What property of wood has a correlation to its density?

Hypothesis: The density of a wood correlates with its strength (mechanical properties).


Premise: What word described the early attempts to understand the work of Aristotle?

Hypothesis: The efforts of this "scholasticism" were focused on applying Aristotelian logic and thoughts about natural processes to biblical passages and attempting to prove the viability of those passages through reason.


Premise: Who painted The Night Cafe?

Hypothesis: Describing his painting, The Night Cafe, to his brother Theo in 1888, Van Gogh wrote: "I sought to express with red and green the terrible human passions.


Premise: Who coordinates the study program of Samskritam as a Foreign Language?

Hypothesis: Samskritam as a Foreign Language" program coordinated by Samskrita Bharati.


Premise: Why was the tactic of bombing German aircraft bases, factories and fuel reserves impractical?

Hypothesis: To prevent German formations from hitting targets in Britain, RAF's Bomber Command would destroy Luftwaffe aircraft on their own bases, aircraft in their factories and fuel reserves by attacking oil plants.


Premise: What is the elevation difference between the inner cities and the other cities?

Hypothesis: Bern is built on very uneven ground.


Premise: According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, what was Uruguay's population?

Hypothesis: According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, Montevideo had a population of 1,325,968 persons, compared to Uruguay's total population of 3,241,003.


Premise: Who are the parents of Apollo?

Hypothesis: Apollo is the son of Zeus and Leto, and has a twin sister, the chaste huntress Artemis.


Premise: What did the National Disaster Relief Commission initiate?

Hypothesis: The plan rose to Level I at 22:15 CST, May 12.


Premise: Who styled the court in France for more modern design after 1771?

Hypothesis: Only when the young king acceded to the throne in 1771 did Marie Antoinette, his fashion-loving Queen, bring the "Louis XVI" style to court.


Premise: In the 2009 election, who was the candidate of the PRS?

Hypothesis: He was killed on 2 March 2009, possibly by soldiers in retaliation for the assassination of General Batista Tagme Na Waie, the head of the joint chiefs of staff, killed in an explosion.


Premise: Is the Premier League the most watched football league in the world?

Hypothesis: The Premier League is the most-watched football league in the world, broadcast in 212 territories to 643 million homes and a potential TV audience of 4.7 billion people.


Premise: How did George W. Bush describe Kanye's controversial statement?

Hypothesis: "I would tell George Bush in my moment of frustration, I didn't have the grounds to call him a racist", he told Lauer.


Premise: Who wrote Gulzar-e-Mahlaqa?

Hypothesis: The reign of the Nizams saw many literary reforms and the introduction of Urdu as a language of court, administration and education.


Premise: Who ruled Turkey when the Armenian genocide happened?

Hypothesis: Governments of Republic of Turkey since that time have consistently rejected charges of genocide, typically arguing either that those Armenians who died were simply in the way of a war or that killings of Armenians were justified by their individual or collective support for the enemies of the Ottoman Empire.


Premise: If you believe in idealism, you are disbeliving in what?

Hypothesis: Matter can be argued to be redundant, as in bundle theory, and mind-independent properties can in turn be reduced to subjective percepts.


Premise: Why are seabirds from the southern hemisphere more likely to migrate?

Hypothesis: In contrast, among (pelagic) seabirds, species of the Southern Hemisphere are more likely to migrate.


Premise: How much did Matrox's computer/LD combo weigh?

Hypothesis: Together they weighed 43 lb (20 kg) and sturdy handles were provided in case two people were required to lift the unit.


Premise: Which former mayor backed the expansion of rail lines from downtown to Ballard?

Hypothesis: A light rail line from downtown heading south to Sea-Tac Airport began service on December 19, 2009, giving the city its first rapid transit line with intermediate stations within the city limits.


Premise: What defines photo metric data?

Hypothesis: This data is typically expressed in standardized form defined by the IESNA.


Premise: What was von Hornigk's career?

Hypothesis: Michel Foucault claims that the contemporary concept of police as a paid and funded functionary of the state was developed by German and French legal scholars and practitioners in Public administration and Statistics in the 17th and early 18th centuries, most notably with Nicolas Delamare's Traité de la Police ("Treatise on the Police"), first published in 1705.


Premise: What was Isambard Brunel's occuption?

Hypothesis: Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the British engineer and railway builder, introduced the idea of a circular bar into the Swindon station pub in order that customers were served quickly and did not delay his trains.


Premise: Did the scientific revolution precede or follow the Age of Enlightenment?

Hypothesis: The Americans Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson came to Europe during the period and contributed actively to the scientific and political debate, and the ideals of the Enlightenment were incorporated into the United States Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States.


Premise: Which President presented the award to Hayek?

Hypothesis: In 2011, his article The Use of Knowledge in Society was selected as one of the top 20 articles published in the American Economic Review during its first 100 years.


Premise: What was Gorbachev trying to separate?

Hypothesis: On July 1, 1988, the fourth and last day of a bruising 19th Party Conference, Gorbachev won the backing of the tired delegates for his last-minute proposal to create a new supreme legislative body called the Congress of People's Deputies.


Premise: What was the name of the native people that lived in the southern parts of the British Isles during the Roman Empire occupation?

Hypothesis: At that time, Ireland was populated by a people known as Hiberni, the northern third or so of Great Britain by a people known as Picts and the southern two thirds by Britons.


Premise: What areas of the world do Slavs inhabit?

Hypothesis: They inhabit Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Southeast Europe, North Asia and Central Asia.


Premise: What do young birds form attachments to?

Hypothesis: Long distance migrants are believed to disperse as young birds and form attachments to potential breeding sites and to favourite wintering sites.


Premise: How many of CBC's mandatory transmitters were updated before the deadline?

Hypothesis: While its fellow Canadian broadcasters converted most of their transmitters to digital by the Canadian digital television transition deadline of August 31, 2011, CBC converted only about half of the analogue transmitters in mandatory areas to digital (15 of 28 markets with CBC Television stations, and 14 of 28 markets with Télévision de Radio-Canada stations).


Premise: What major power of the time was not involved in The Seven Years' War?

Hypothesis: It involved every great power of the time except the Ottoman Empire, and affected Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines.


Premise: Why might the scales fail?

Hypothesis: However, it is difficult to determine an individual's sexual orientation through scales of assessment, due to ambiguity regarding the definition of sexual orientation.


Premise: Than which queen has Elizabeth ruled longer?

Hypothesis: She is the world's oldest reigning monarch as well as Britain's longest-lived.


Premise: How many geographic regions make up Greece?

Hypothesis: Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north and Turkey to the northeast.


Premise: What Deputy was responsible for the death of Frank Stiwell?

Hypothesis: After killing Stilwell, Wyatt deputized others and rode on a vendetta, killing three more cowboys over the next few days before leaving the state.


Premise: What is located in the vaulted undercroft beneath the monks' dormitory?

Hypothesis: The Westminster Abbey Museum is located in the 11th-century vaulted undercroft beneath the former monks' dormitory in Westminster Abbey.


Premise: How many workers commute into the municipality?

Hypothesis: In 2000[update], there were 94,367 workers who commuted into the municipality and 16,424 workers who commuted away.


Premise: What was Tennessee's population in 1980?

Hypothesis: Most Tennesseans who self-identify as having American ancestry are of English and Scotch-Irish ancestry.


Premise: The heightened usage of what drug is most likely due at least in some part to the rising popularity of rave culture?

Hypothesis: Following a steady decline, beginning in the late 1990s up through the mid-2000s, illicit drug use among adolescents has been on the rise in the U.S.


Premise: Where does U.S. Route 1 runs in terms of direction within the city?

Hypothesis: To the west is Route 34, which leads to the city of Derby.


Premise: On what major line of latitude is the Congo located?

Hypothesis: The dry season is from June to August while in the majority of the country the wet season has two rainfall maxima: one in March–May and another in September–November.


Premise: What hedge fund group was pressuring EMC into restructuring?

Hypothesis: EMC was being pressured by Elliott Management, a hedge fund holding 2.2% of EMC's stock, to reorganize their unusual "Federation" structure, in which EMC's divisions were effectively being run as independent companies.


Premise: Who was allied with Egypt during the Yom Kippur War?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi was later infuriated when Egypt and Syria planned the Yom Kippur War against Israel without consulting him, and was angered when Egypt conceded to peace talks rather than continuing the war.


Premise: What did the average salary increase to at the time of the 2008 census?

Hypothesis: Median age of Hispanics was 27.5 years, compared to 35.1 years overall and 41.6 years among non-Hispanic whites; Hispanics were the largest group in all ages under 18, and non-Hispanic whites constituted 63.1% of population 55 and older.


Premise: What is the literal translation of madrasah?

Hypothesis: The Hebrew cognate midrasha also connotes the meaning of a place of learning; the related term midrash literally refers to study or learning, but has acquired mystical and religious connotations.


Premise: After which event did the 1943 race riot happen?

Hypothesis: The Detroit race riot of 1943 took place three weeks after the Packard plant protest.


Premise: It was found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common with what other people?

Hypothesis: found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common among Middle Eastern peoples, but uncommon in the general European population.


Premise: What was the only language many deaf people had?

Hypothesis: Several influential people of the time, including Bell, viewed deafness as something that should be eradicated, and also believed that with resources and effort they could teach the deaf to speak and avoid the use of sign language, thus enabling their integration within the wider society from which many were often being excluded.


Premise: How is stepped speed control achieved?

Hypothesis: Multiple taps on the field coil provide (imprecise) stepped speed control.


Premise: What planet isn't a closed system but sometimes appears to be because of the approximate conservation of matter?

Hypothesis: Matter should not be confused with mass, as the two are not quite the same in modern physics.


Premise: In 1754 what man convinced the Grand Vizier to allow the use of the printing press?

Hypothesis: In 1726, Ibrahim Muteferrika convinced the Grand Vizier Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha, the Grand Mufti, and the clergy on the efficiency of the printing press, and Muteferrika was later granted by Sultan Ahmed III permission to publish non-religious books (despite opposition from some calligraphers and religious leaders).


Premise: When did the Soviet Union develop Transformator?

Hypothesis: It was a research project and the system was never deployed by either the military or consumer broadcasting.


Premise: When did more madaris begin to form more rapidly?

Hypothesis: It should also be noted that many medieval universities were run for centuries as Christian cathedral schools or monastic schools prior to their formal establishment as universitas scholarium; evidence of these immediate forerunners of the university dates back to the 6th century AD, thus well preceding the earliest madaris.


Premise: What year did cinema first appear in Greece?

Hypothesis: (Δάφνις και Χλόη), containing the first nude scene in the history of European cinema; it was also the first Greek movie which was played abroad.


Premise: When did FIFA reject an appeal of the rules violation ruling?

Hypothesis: A statement on FIFA's website read "With regard to the case in question, FC Barcelona has been found to be in breach of art.


Premise: What has the 'war on terror' done to the US's international image?

Hypothesis: Other critics, such as Francis Fukuyama, note that "terrorism" is not an enemy, but a tactic; calling it a "war on terror", obscures differences between conflicts such as anti-occupation insurgents and international mujahideen.


Premise: The book's availablity increased through inclusion in what book service?

Hypothesis: The book went through numerous subsequent printings and became widely available through its inclusion in the Book of the Month Club and editions released by Reader's Digest Condensed Books.


Premise: When did Wallace and Darwin unveil the theory of evolution?

Hypothesis: Darwin and Wallace unveiled evolution in the late 1850s.


Premise: What does Brace feel the term "black" in meaningful in?

Hypothesis: He argues that while forensic anthropologists can determine that a skeletal remain comes from a person with ancestors in a specific region of Africa, categorizing that skeletal as being "black" is a socially constructed category that is only meaningful in the particular context of the United States, and which is not itself scientifically valid.


Premise: What river merges with the Ashley River to from the Charleston Harbor?

Hypothesis: The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is located on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper Rivers, or, as is locally expressed, "where the Cooper and Ashley Rivers come together to form the Atlantic Ocean."


Premise: Who helped save the Ottomans by signing a convention in London?

Hypothesis: The Ottoman Empire was saved by Great Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia by signing a convention in London in July 15, 1840 to grant Muhammad Ali and his descendants the right to inherit power in Egypt in exchange for removal of Egyptian military forces from Syria and Lebanon.


Premise: How much of Europe does the Alps cover?

Hypothesis: Although the area is only about 11 percent of the surface area of Europe, the Alps provide up to 90 percent of water to lowland Europe, particularly to arid areas and during the summer months.


Premise: What type of vacant buildings have been spared destruction?

Hypothesis: The city of Detroit and other private-public partnerships have attempted to catalyze the region's growth by facilitating the building and historical rehabilitation of residential high-rises in the downtown, creating a zone that offers many business tax incentives, creating recreational spaces such as the Detroit RiverWalk, Campus Martius Park, Dequindre Cut Greenway, and Green Alleys in Midtown.


Premise: Where did Feynman work on the "Wateer Boiler"?

Hypothesis: Feynman's other work at Los Alamos included calculating neutron equations for the Los Alamos "Water Boiler", a small nuclear reactor, to measure how close an assembly of fissile material was to criticality.


Premise: What use did forest gardeners put to tree and vines to?

Hypothesis: Forest gardening was also being used as a food production system in various parts of the world over this period.


Premise: What is another term for rustication?

Hypothesis: Conversely, should a master be more than 15 minutes late for a class, traditionally the pupils might claim it as a "run" and absent themselves for the rest of its duration.


Premise: When was the summit of Mount Suribachi reached by U.S. marines?

Hypothesis: But it was not until 26 March that the island was finally secured.


Premise: What is the lowest elevation in the British Isles?

Hypothesis: The islands are at relatively low altitudes, with central Ireland and southern Great Britain particularly low lying: the lowest point in the islands is Holme, Cambridgeshire at −2.75 m (−9.02 ft).


Premise: What was  the Soviet Union suffering from in the 1980's?

Hypothesis: The United States under President Ronald Reagan increased diplomatic, military, and economic pressure on the Soviet Union, which was already suffering from severe economic stagnation.


Premise: Who did John force to change their support to John de Gray?

Hypothesis: John forced the Canterbury chapter to change their support to John de Gray, and a messenger was sent to Rome to inform the papacy of the new decision.


Premise: Who made the first catalog of stars?

Hypothesis: Hipparchus (c. 190 – c. 120 BC) produced the first systematic star catalog.


Premise: In 1947, what company did Universal buy a stake in?

Hypothesis: Goetz licensed Universal's pre–Universal-International film library to Jack Broeder's Realart Pictures for cinema re-release but Realart was not allowed to show the films on television.


Premise: What is the total area of the levels

Hypothesis: The total area of the Levels amounts to about 647.5 square kilometres (160,000 acres) and broadly corresponds to the administrative district of Sedgemoor but also includes the south west of Mendip district.


Premise: What does the Freedom House classify Armenia as?

Hypothesis: International observers of Council of Europe and US Department of State have questioned the fairness of Armenia's parliamentary and presidential elections and constitutional referendum since 1995, citing polling deficiencies, lack of cooperation by the Electoral Commission, and poor maintenance of electoral lists and polling places.


Premise: What is Oakland Counties rank in affluence in 2009?

Hypothesis: Oakland County in Metro Detroit, once rated amongst the wealthiest US counties per household, is no longer shown in the top 25 listing of Forbes magazine.


Premise: What is the goal of Civano?

Hypothesis: Close by Rita Ranch and also within the city limits lies Civano, a planned development meant to showcase ecologically sound building practices and lifestyles.


Premise: Who were the shikaris headed by?

Hypothesis: During the feudal and colonial times in British India, hunting was regarded as a regal sport in the numerous princely states, as many maharajas and nawabs, as well as British officers, maintained a whole corps of shikaris (big-game hunters), who were native professional hunters.


Premise: What did BYU's athletic program join under Pres. Bateman?

Hypothesis: He was also one of several key college leaders who brought about the creation of the Mountain West Conference, which BYU's athletics program joined —


Premise: What color is chlorophyll?

Hypothesis: The energy in the red and blue light that these pigments absorb is used by chloroplasts to make energy-rich carbon compounds from carbon dioxide and water by oxygenic photosynthesis, a process that generates molecular oxygen (O2) as a by-product.


Premise: What French body was similar in purpose to the English Parliament?

Hypothesis: The requirement to obtain the consent of taxpayers allowed representative bodies such as the English Parliament and the French Estates General to gain power and authority.


Premise: How many Puerto Rican hispanics live in greater Boston?

Hypothesis: In Greater Boston, these numbers grow significantly with Puerto Ricans numbering 175,000+, Dominicans 95,000+, Salvadorans 40,000+, Guatemalans 31,000+, Mexicans 25,000+, and Colombians numbering 22,000+.


Premise: What is another issue that Whitehead had with materialism?

Hypothesis: A second problem with materialism is that it obscures the importance of relations.


Premise: Under what name do research laboratories operated by IBM work under?

Hypothesis: IBM has 12 research laboratories worldwide, bundled into IBM Research.


Premise: Who made the first non stop transatlantic crossing?

Hypothesis: The first non-stop transatlantic crossing was made by the British airship R34 in 1919.


Premise: How long is Newtown Creek in kilometers?

Hypothesis: Newtown Creek, a 3.5-mile (6-kilometer) a long estuary that forms part of the border between the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, has been designated a Superfund site for environmental clean-up and remediation of the waterway's recreational and economic resources for many communities.


Premise: What percentages does the city Bike transportation mode's target?

Hypothesis: The city is also in the process of implementing a 5-year and 20 year Bike Action Plan with a goal of attaining 14 to 35% bicycle transportation mode share by 2030 through the installation of enhanced bicycle infrastructure throughout the city.


Premise: What is the track "moDernisT" an anagram of?

Hypothesis: In 2015, he released the track "moDernisT" (an anagram of "Tom's Diner"), composed exclusively from the sounds deleted during MP3 compression of the song "Tom's Diner", the track originally used in the formulation of the MP3 standard.


Premise: In what year did the New Delhi Railway Station open?

Hypothesis: The New Delhi Railway Station opened in 1926 with a single platform at Ajmeri Gate near Paharganj and was completed in time for the city's inauguration in 1931.


Premise: What special status did Bell get in the Mohawk tribe?

Hypothesis: He continued his interest in the study of the human voice and when he discovered the Six Nations Reserve across the river at Onondaga, he learned the Mohawk language and translated its unwritten vocabulary into Visible Speech symbols.


Premise: During which scientific period did vertebrates appear?

Hypothesis: Each species has an equally long evolutionary history, but the brains of modern hagfishes, lampreys, sharks, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals show a gradient of size and complexity that roughly follows the evolutionary sequence.


Premise: Along with a syntax and grammar, what attribute does a dialect possess?

Hypothesis: A nonstandard dialect, like a standard dialect, has a complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, but is usually not the beneficiary of institutional support.


Premise: In 1941, how did Winston Churchill refer to the mass killings of Russian prisoners of war?

Hypothesis: Before this, in 1941, Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as "a crime without a name".


Premise: What is hunting in the U.S. not associated with?

Hypothesis: Hunting in other areas of the country fell below the national average.


Premise: Majority of Egypt people live near what river?

Hypothesis: The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found.


Premise: If Broca were alive today, what would his profession be?

Hypothesis: Broca, being what today would be called a neurosurgeon, had taken an interest in the pathology of speech.


Premise: What is the name of the prohibition against eating grains and legumes during Passover?

Hypothesis: The Ashkenazi prohibition against eating kitniyot (grains and legumes such as rice, corn, beans, and peanuts) during Passover was explicitly rejected in the Talmud, has no known precedent before the 12th century and represented a minority position for hundreds of years thereafter, but nonetheless has remained a mandatory prohibition among Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews due to their historic adherence to the ReMA's rulings in the Shulchan Aruch.


Premise: What PS3 game can integrate a PlayStation Portable to use as a rear-view mirror?

Hypothesis: In addition, users are able to download original PlayStation format games from the PlayStation Store, transfer and play them on PSP as well as PS3 itself.


Premise: Which addendum was added to the Lectures book in 2005?

Hypothesis: The work has endured and is useful to this day.


Premise: the Border collie is an example of what type of dog?

Hypothesis: These include the "old world dogs" (e.g., Malamute and Shar Pei), "Mastiff"-type (e.g., English Mastiff), "herding"-type (e.g., Border Collie), and "all others" (also called "modern"- or "hunting"-type).


Premise: When did Pierre Jaquet-Droz build a mechanical doll that could hold a pen?

Hypothesis: In the 1770s Pierre Jaquet-Droz, a Swiss watchmaker, built a mechanical doll (automata) that could write holding a quill pen.


Premise: Who closed the government mint?

Hypothesis: In the beginning of the Han, Emperor Gaozu closed the government mint in favor of private minting of coins.


Premise: The song was listened to multiple times to try and refine what?

Hypothesis: The song "Tom's Diner" by Suzanne Vega was the first song used by Karlheinz Brandenburg to develop the MP3.


Premise: What about Windows 8 was well received?

Hypothesis: Windows 8 was released to a mixed critical reception.


Premise: What is the tallest building in Texas?

Hypothesis: It is the tallest structure in Texas, 15th tallest building in the United States, and the 85th tallest skyscraper in the world, based on highest architectural feature.


Premise: Elateridae and Staphylinidae are what kind of luminescent?

Hypothesis: Some species are able to control this light generation to produce flashes.


Premise: What was the title of Deep Purple's hard rock 1970 album?

Hypothesis: By the end of the decade a distinct genre of hard rock was emerging with bands like Led Zeppelin, who mixed the music of early rock bands with a more hard-edged form of blues rock and acid rock on their first two albums


Premise: What other close by countries have been greatly influenced by the Greek way of life ?

Hypothesis: In ancient times, the trading and colonizing activities of the Greek tribes and city states spread the Greek culture, religion and language around the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins, especially in Sicily and southern Italy (also known as Magna Grecia), Spain, the south of France and the Black sea coasts.


Premise: What group did Southampton's Rob Skipper sing for?

Hypothesis: The city is home or birthplace to a number of contemporary musicians such as R'n'B singer Craig David, Coldplay drummer Will Champion, former Holloways singer Rob Skipper as well as 1980s popstar Howard Jones.


Premise: Did the cultural exchange during the Age of Enlightenment travel exclusively to America or did information travel in both directions, back across the Atlantic to Europe?

Hypothesis: The cultural exchange during the Age of Enlightenment ran in both directions across the Atlantic.


Premise: What is the rate that is used in most of the evidence?

Hypothesis: It may be useful for daily self-monitoring in those with moderate to severe disease and for checking the effectiveness of new medications.


Premise: When was the UK emloyment eequality (sexual orientation) regulations law take effect?

Hypothesis: Under the UK Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003, as explained by Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service, "workers or job applicants must not be treated less favourably because of their sexual orientation, their perceived sexual orientation or because they associate with someone of a particular sexual orientation".


Premise: Standard connectors were designed to be what?

Hypothesis: Because USB is hot-pluggable, the connectors would be used more frequently, and perhaps with less care, than other connectors.


Premise: Who overturned the Taft Vale judgement?

Hypothesis: Keir Hardie, who had taken a leading role in getting the party established, was elected as Chairman of the Parliamentary Labour Party (in effect, the Leader), although only by one vote over David Shackleton after several ballots.


Premise: On which date did FIFA request that all European leagues reduce the number of teams within themselves to 18?

Hypothesis: On 8 June 2006, FIFA requested that all major European leagues, including Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga be reduced to 18 teams by the start of the 2007–08 season.


Premise: What does Arefyev say is happening to Russian?

Hypothesis: In the countries of the former Soviet Union the Russian language is gradually being replaced by local languages.


Premise: When did Lee receive a  Presidential Medal of Freedom?

Hypothesis: During the ceremony, the students and audience gave Lee a standing ovation, and the entire graduating class held up copies of To Kill a Mockingbird to honor her.[note 5] Lee was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on November 5, 2007 by President George W. Bush.


Premise: Who distributes CBS Records material?

Hypothesis: CBS Inc., now CBS Corporation, retained the rights to the CBS name for music recordings but granted Sony a temporary license to use the CBS name.


Premise: Which group broke into an FBI office in Media, Pennsylvania?

Hypothesis: The files detailed the FBI's extensive COINTELPRO program, which included investigations into lives of ordinary citizens—including a black student group at a Pennsylvania military college and the daughter of Congressman Henry Reuss of Wisconsin.


Premise: Which Swiss population is the only one to have practiced Steinstossen since prehistoric times?

Hypothesis: It is an old tradition from the rural central cantons and considered the national sport by some.


Premise: What writer advocated "overground brightness"?

Hypothesis: Emphasizing glamour, fashion, and escapism in distinction to the experimental seriousness of earlier post-punk groups, the club-oriented scene drew some suspicion from denizens of the movement.


Premise: Elevations around the world that have a cold climate similar to that of the polar region have been called what?

Hypothesis: The effect of mountain chains on prevailing winds is to carry warm air belonging to the lower region into an upper zone, where it expands in volume at the cost of a proportionate loss of temperature, often accompanied by precipitation in the form of snow or rain.


Premise: What was difficult to obtain and transport during the Georgian period?

Hypothesis: At the start of the period the difficulties of obtaining and transporting brick or stone made them a common alternative only in the larger cities, or where they were obtainable locally.


Premise: What is one modern gadget that benefits from high-power blue LED lighting?

Hypothesis: Building upon this foundation, Dr. Moustakas at Boston University patented a method for producing high-brightness blue LEDs using a new two-step process.


Premise: What was introduced that made using Mac OS alternative operating systems easier?

Hypothesis: Used even by Apple for A/UX and MkLinux, this technique is no longer necessary since the introduction of Open Firmware-based PCI Macs, though it was formerly used for convenience on many Old World ROM systems due to bugs in the firmware implementation.[citation needed]


Premise: What song covered by a Samoan group was a 1974 number one in New Zealand?

Hypothesis: The Yandall Sisters' cover of the song Sweet Inspiration reached number one on the New Zealand charts in 1974.


Premise: How many living East Slavic languages are there?

Hypothesis: It is an unofficial but widely-spoken language in Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia, and to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics of the Soviet Union and former participants of the Eastern Bloc.


Premise: What happened to the Curonians who lived in the area in East Prussia?

Hypothesis: While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union.


Premise: What did some tribes achieve by domesticating horses?

Hypothesis: By domesticating horses, some tribes had great success: horses enabled them to expand their territories, exchange more goods with neighboring tribes, and more easily capture game, especially bison.


Premise: At this time, what type of players were added to Barcelona?

Hypothesis: After the disappointment of the Gaspart era, the combination of a new young president, Joan Laporta, and a young new manager, former Dutch and Milan star Frank Rijkaard, saw the club bounce back.


Premise: What was the date that LIszt first saw Chopin perform?

Hypothesis: Liszt was in attendance at Chopin's Parisian debut on 26 February 1832 at the Salle Pleyel, which led him to remark: "The most vigorous applause seemed not to suffice to our enthusiasm in the presence of this talented musician, who revealed a new phase of poetic sentiment combined with such happy innovation in the form of his art."


Premise: How many students were in the Imperial University by the second century?

Hypothesis: The Imperial University grew in importance as the student body grew to over 30,000 by the 2nd century AD.


Premise: What are samurai usually called in Japanse?

Hypothesis: In both countries the terms were nominalized to mean "those who serve in close attendance to the nobility", the pronunciation in Japanese changing to saburai.


Premise: What does bronchial thermoplasty consist of?

Hypothesis: It involves the delivery of controlled thermal energy to the airway wall during a series of bronchoscopies.


Premise: What captain visited the island in 1775 on their trip around the world?

Hypothesis: Captain James Cook visited the island in 1775 on the final leg of his second circumnavigation of the world.


Premise: What did President Clinton claim would not be enough to give everyone in American equality?

Hypothesis: Many presidents throughout the last century have failed to take a very firm stance on the policy, and the public has had to discern the president's opinion for themselves.


Premise: During what time were good moved through more modern   means?

Hypothesis: European colonialism in the Sahara began in the 19th century.


Premise: Which group of animals have brains 5-10 times larger than the formula predicts?

Hypothesis: For example, primates have brains 5 to 10 times larger than the formula predicts.


Premise: Who replaced Dowding on November 25?

Hypothesis: Still, in February 1941, there remained only seven squadrons with 87 pilots, under half the required strength.


Premise: Which Baghdad scholar identified justified seven different Quranic readings?

Hypothesis: The 10th-century Muslim scholar from Baghdad, Ibn Mujāhid, is famous for establishing seven acceptable textual readings of the Quran.


Premise: Who released the Internet Explorer browser?

Hypothesis: Microsoft responded with its Internet Explorer in 1995, also heavily influenced by Mosaic, initiating the industry's first browser war.


Premise: What is the principle that is vitally important to understanding the behaviour of a quantity closely related to energy?

Hypothesis: This principle is vitally important to understanding the behaviour of a quantity closely related to energy, called entropy.


Premise: Who influenced the appointment of George of Cappadocia?

Hypothesis: Through the influence of the Eusebian faction at Constantinople, an Arian bishop, George of Cappadocia, was now appointed to rule the see of Alexandria.


Premise: In what year did Joseph Stalin visit London?

Hypothesis: It is said that Vladimir Lenin and a young Joseph Stalin met in the Crown and Anchor pub (now known as The Crown Tavern) on Clerkenwell Green when the latter was visiting London in 1903.


Premise: What devices were painted with radium paint?

Hypothesis: The discovery and isolation of radium in uranium ore (pitchblende) by Marie Curie sparked the development of uranium mining to extract the radium, which was used to make glow-in-the-dark paints for clock and aircraft dials.


Premise: What are urs?

Hypothesis: The fairs held at the shrines of Sufi saints are called urs.


Premise: Who authorized the opening of the University of Kansas?

Hypothesis: Founded March 21, 1865, the university was opened in 1866, under a charter granted by the Kansas State Legislature in 1864 following enabling legislation passed in 1863 under the Kansas State Constitution, adopted two years after the 1861 admission of the former Kansas Territory as the 34th state into the Union following a very famous bloody internal civil war known as "Bleeding Kansas" during the 1850s.


Premise: How many German bombers were shot down by the RAF in May?

Hypothesis: In the following month, 22 German bombers were lost with 13 confirmed to have been shot down by night fighters.


Premise: Which historians were favourably inclined towards the king?

Hypothesis: In the 16th century political and religious changes altered the attitude of historians towards John.


Premise: What movement sprouted this change in rhetoric?

Hypothesis: During the American Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, some African-American leaders in the United States, notably Malcolm X, objected to the word Negro because they associated it with the long history of slavery, segregation, and discrimination that treated African Americans as second-class citizens, or worse.


Premise: What was the orginal name for Northwestern's Ryan Field?

Hypothesis: Northwestern played host to the first-ever NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship game in 1939 in the original Patten Gymnasium, which was later demolished and relocated farther north along with the Dearborn Observatory to make room for the Technological Institute.


Premise: From what source was raw cotton first bought and later resold?

Hypothesis: Improving technology and increasing control of world markets allowed British traders to develop a commercial chain in which raw cotton fibers were (at first) purchased from colonial plantations, processed into cotton cloth in the mills of Lancashire, and then exported on British ships to captive colonial markets in West Africa, India, and China (via Shanghai and Hong Kong).


Premise: What is the name of this U.S state that could possibly form a union with Guam?

Hypothesis: In the 1980s and early 1990s, there was a significant movement in favor of the territory becoming a commonwealth, which would give it a level of self-government similar to Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands.


Premise: What new law was created?

Hypothesis: The Indian Penal Code came into being.


Premise: Who is the Waa-Muu show primarily written and produced by?

Hypothesis: Two annual productions are especially notable: the Waa-Mu show, and the Dolphin show.


Premise: What varies widely from state to state?

Hypothesis: Regulations vary widely from state to state and govern the areas, time periods, techniques and methods by which specific game animals may be hunted.


Premise: Whose theory of truth did Popper read with intense interest in 1935?

Hypothesis: Then came the semantic theory of truth formulated by the logician Alfred Tarski and published in 1933.


Premise: When did Ulrich do his sonnet on Chopin?

Hypothesis: French writers on Chopin (apart from Sand) have included Marcel Proust and André Gide; and he has also featured in works of Gottfried Benn and Boris Pasternak.


Premise: What languages are related to Estonian but not closely?

Hypothesis: Estonian is distantly related to Hungarian and to the Sami languages.


Premise: At what time of day is the quiet storm format played?

Hypothesis: A format called quiet storm is often included in urban adult contemporary, and is often played during the evening, blending the urban AC and soft AC styles of music.


Premise: When did Britain pass the Regulating Act?

Hypothesis: Pitt's India Act of 1784 and the Charter Act of 1813 which regulated the Company's affairs and established the sovereignty of the Crown over the territories that it had acquired.


Premise: What was the first polytechnic in Britain originally named?

Hypothesis: The London Polytechnic led a mass movement to create numerous Polytechnic institutes across the UK in the late 19th Century.


Premise: Who joined him when he formed a council to encourage unity among Christians?

Hypothesis: Athanasius appealed for unity among all those who had faith in Christianity, even if they differed on matters of terminology.


Premise: Which province is Zhejiang bordered by to the northwest?

Hypothesis: Zhejiang is bordered by Jiangsu province and Shanghai municipality to the north, Anhui province to the northwest, Jiangxi province to the west, and Fujian province to the south; to the east is the East China Sea, beyond which lie the Ryukyu Islands of Japan.


Premise: Did that ever happen again?

Hypothesis: The final is normally held the Saturday after the Premier League season finishes in May.


Premise: How much of a contribution did the Genome Center at Washington University make in sequencing the Human Genome Project?

Hypothesis: The Washington University School of Medicine, founded in 1891, is highly regarded as one of the world's leading centers for medical research and training.


Premise: What churchman was influential in the development of the Winchester standard?

Hypothesis: It retained its position of prestige until the time of the Norman Conquest, after which English ceased for a time to be of importance as a literary language.


Premise: What made Tennessee politics more competitive again in the middle of the 20th century?

Hypothesis: In the 20th century, Tennessee transitioned from an agrarian economy to a more diversified economy, aided by massive federal investment in the Tennessee Valley Authority and, in the early 1940s, the city of Oak Ridge.


Premise: What kind of scholarly interest has Czech received?

Hypothesis: Although Czech has received considerable scholarly interest for a Slavic language, this interest has focused primarily on modern standard Czech and ancient texts rather than dialects.


Premise: What music festival does Utrecht host

Hypothesis: Utrecht is host to the international Early Music Festival (Festival Oude Muziek, for music before 1800) and the Netherlands Film Festival.


Premise: What is the term for plants whose seeds do not have a protective ovary?

Hypothesis: Gymnosperms produce "naked seeds" not fully enclosed in an ovary; modern representatives include conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and Gnetales.


Premise: When did the Tories regain power?

Hypothesis: At times they cooperated with the "Opposition Whigs", Whigs who were in opposition to the Whig government; however, the ideological gap between the Tories and the Opposition Whigs prevented them from coalescing as a single party.


Premise: What is the Latin for Avicenna's psychology parts in his Book of Healing?

Hypothesis: These were known in Latin under the title De Anima (treatises "on the soul").[dubious – discuss]


Premise: Who said that virtue provides "the greatest happiness for the greatest numbers"?

Hypothesis: Much of what is incorporated in the scientific method (the nature of knowledge, evidence, experience, and causation) and some modern attitudes towards the relationship between science and religion were developed by his protégés David Hume and Adam Smith.


Premise: What are the traditional forms of living employed by Tuvaluans?

Hypothesis: Remittances from Tuvaluans living in Australia and New Zealand, and remittances from Tuvaluan sailors employed on overseas ships are important sources of income for Tuvaluans.


Premise: What was the name of the book that Darwin wrote about evolution?

Hypothesis: Implications of evolution on fields outside of pure science have led to both opposition and support from different parts of society, and profoundly influenced the popular understanding of "man's place in the universe".


Premise: What was the name of the album several members of the cubs recorded?

Hypothesis: The song received a good deal of local airplay that summer, associating it very strongly with that bittersweet season.


Premise: In November 2008, how much was the U.S. stock index down from its 2007 high?

Hypothesis: Between June 2007 and November 2008, Americans lost an estimated average of more than a quarter of their collective net worth.[citation needed]


Premise: What did Descartes argue animals lack?

Hypothesis: René Descartes for example argued that animals lack consciousness and therefore do not experience pain and suffering in the way that humans do.


Premise: Which Prussian province did Lübeck become a part of?

Hypothesis: Three changes are of particular note: on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with the neighbouring Mecklenburg-Strelitz; and, by the Greater Hamburg Act (Groß-Hamburg-Gesetz), from April 1, 1937, the area of the city-state was extended, while Lübeck lost its independence and became part of the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein.


Premise: What does not rule out infection?

Hypothesis: Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization, it is difficult to know which chronic wounds are infected.


Premise: What movie block shows foreign films?

Hypothesis: TCM Underground – which debuted in October 2006 – is a Friday late night block which focuses on cult films, the block was originally hosted by rocker/filmmaker Rob Zombie until December 2006 (though as of 2014[update], it is the only regular film presentation block on the channel that does not have a host).


Premise: When did the Xbox One launch?

Hypothesis: Although not the best-selling console of its generation, the Xbox 360 was deemed by TechRadar to be the most influential through its emphasis on digital media distribution and multiplayer gaming on Xbox Live.


Premise: Which country has received the top rank twice?

Hypothesis: Iceland has been ranked highest twice.


Premise: In what year was the term race first used in the U.S. Census?

Hypothesis: For 1890, the Census Office changed the design of the population questionnaire.


Premise: In What season did Diana DeGarmo come in second on American Idol?

Hypothesis: Phillips became the winner, beating Sanchez.


Premise: When did the majority of the patents held by Sisvel expire?

Hypothesis: Motorola followed soon after, and signed with Sisvel to license MP3-related patents in December 2005.


Premise: Which script was only used to copy the Quran by people in northern India?

Hypothesis: More distinct is the Bihari script which was used solely in the north of India.


Premise: Who caused the Yuan dynasty to fall?

Hypothesis: In 1368, a Han Chinese revolt known as the Red Turban Rebellion toppled the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China.


Premise: What is the oldest air port in Paris?

Hypothesis: There is also one general aviation airport, Paris-Le Bourget, historically the oldest Parisian airport and closest to the city centre, which is now used only for private business flights and air shows.


Premise: Where was opium made?

Hypothesis: The Daoguang Emperor, concerned both over the outflow of silver and the damage that opium smoking was causing to his subjects, ordered Lin Zexu to end the opium trade.


Premise: Of what were Roman camps diminutive versions?

Hypothesis: Roman camps followed a standard pattern for defense and religious ritual; in effect they were Rome in miniature.


Premise: What does the standard of ISO 12232:2006 specify?

Hypothesis: The standard specifies the measurement of light sensitivity of the entire digital camera system and not of individual components such as digital sensors, although Kodak has reported using a variation to characterize the sensitivity of two of their sensors in 2001.


Premise: What nearby city would you go to for war related injuries?

Hypothesis: A large Veterans Affairs hospital is located in neighboring West Haven.


Premise: Where did activists want dogs kept out of neighborhoods because it violated religious freedom?

Hypothesis: In Britain, police sniffer dogs are carefully used, and are not permitted to contact passengers, only their luggage.


Premise: In what field is the Alexander Graham Bell Medal given out?

Hypothesis: The bel (B) and the smaller decibel (dB) are units of measurement of sound intensity invented by Bell Labs and named after him.


Premise: Where does 27th Street start?

Hypothesis: It is most noted for its strip between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, known as Club Row because it features numerous nightclubs and lounges.


Premise: In what year did a Spanish expedition visit New York Harbor?

Hypothesis: The first scientific map to show the North American East coast continuously, the 1527 world map known as the Padrón Real, was informed by Gomes' expedition, and labeled the Northeast as Tierra de Esteban Gómez in his honor.


Premise: During what years did the Reign of Terror take place?

Hypothesis: The guillotines used during the Reign of Terror in 1792 and 1793 were painted red, or made of red wood.


Premise: Where has the practice of racial profiling been ruled to be unconstitutional?

Hypothesis: In the United States, the practice of racial profiling has been ruled to be both unconstitutional and a violation of civil rights.


Premise: What formed the hills of Munster and the southern part of Wales?

Hypothesis: The British Isles lie at the juncture of several regions with past episodes of tectonic mountain building.


Premise: Who heads each government department?

Hypothesis: Each Department is headed by a Provincial Minister (Politician) and a Provincial Secretary (A civil servant of usually BPS-20 or BPS-21).


Premise: If a memory that is stored in with long term-memories, how long can you possibly rememeber it?

Hypothesis: For example, given a random seven-digit number we may remember it for only a few seconds before forgetting, suggesting it was stored in our short-term memory.


Premise: In what year did Universal-International take over Castle Films?

Hypothesis: Broadening its scope further, Universal-International branched out into the lucrative non-theatrical field, buying a majority stake in home-movie dealer Castle Films in 1947, and taking the company over entirely in 1951.


Premise: With whom does the primary responsibility for a student's leaning lie?

Hypothesis: Despite the introduction of modern technology, the external appearance and locations of many of the classrooms have remained unchanged for a long time.


Premise: What kind of music does Malika Pukhraj perform?

Hypothesis: For the popular taste however, light music, particularly Ghazals and folk songs, which have an appeal of their own, the names of Mehdi Hassan, Ghulam Ali, Nur Jehan, Malika Pukhraj, Farida Khanum, Roshen Ara Begum, and Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan are well-known.


Premise: What do interpersonally distressed people feel their significant others aren't supportive of?

Hypothesis: Combining the MPI characterization of the person with their IASP five-category pain profile is recommended for deriving the most useful case description.


Premise: Travelling to work has been observed to be about how long for a large number of cities over a long period?

Hypothesis: However, some aspects of time use are relatively stable over long periods of time, such as the amount of time spent traveling to work, which despite major changes in transport, has been observed to be about 20–30 minutes one-way for a large number of cities over a long period.


Premise: Who plays male roles in Yueju?

Hypothesis: Yueju originated in Shengzhou and is traditionally performed by actresses only, in both male and female roles.


Hypothesis: Folk songs and dances of the Punjab reflect a wide range of moods: the rains, sowing and harvesting seasons.


Premise: Why did Naples remain neutral?

Hypothesis: Naples, Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with Franco-Spanish party, declined to join the coalition under the fear of British power.


Premise: In what era were there many socio-technological trends?

Hypothesis: In the Contemporary era, there were various socio-technological trends.


Premise: How many marks of existence reflect Upanishadic influences?

Hypothesis: K.R. Norman supposes that the these terms were already in use at the Buddha's time, and were familiair to his hearers.


Premise: What year did Technikons gain the ability to give out technology degrees?

Hypothesis: In 1993 Technikons were afforded the power to award certain technology degrees.


Premise: Where was the UCR created?

Hypothesis: The UCR data only reflect the most serious offense in the case of connected crimes and has a very restrictive definition of rape.


Premise: What did CBS call ARC after buying it?

Hypothesis: ARC was acquired in 1938 by the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS, which, in turn, had been formed by the Columbia Phonograph Company, but then sold off).


Premise: What is necessary to receive a Bagrut certificate?

Hypothesis: Maariv have describe the Christian Arabs sectors as "the most successful in education system", since Christian Arabs fared the best in terms of education in comparison to any other group receiving an education in Israel.


Premise: How many stories was the modern Chalfonte Hotel when it opened in 1904?

Hypothesis: The modern Chalfonte Hotel, eight stories tall, opened in 1904.


Premise: From what city did the Umayyads originate?

Hypothesis: The two families are therefore considered to be different clans (those of Hashim and of Umayya, respectively) of the same tribe (that of the Quraish).


Premise: Who was responsible for the death of Clodius?

Hypothesis: This chaos reached a climax in January of 52 BC, when Clodius was murdered in a gang war by Milo.


Premise: What was the geologic event that followed the Mardi Gras Riots in2001?

Hypothesis: The city was further shaken by the Mardi Gras Riots in 2001, and then literally shaken the following day by the Nisqually earthquake.


Premise: What should a conceptual data model do?

Hypothesis: A successful data model will accurately reflect the possible state of the external world being modeled: for example, if people can have more than one phone number, it will allow this information to be captured.


Premise: Who was determined to be the closest match for the baboon mummies?

Hypothesis: In 2010, a genetic study was conducted on the mummified remains of baboons that were brought back as gifts from Punt by the ancient Egyptians.


Premise: What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2010 report?

Hypothesis: All other indicators for Cuba were available, and reported by the UNDP, but the lack of one indicator meant that no ranking could be attributed to the country.


Premise: What country did Cardinal Araujo Sales represent?

Hypothesis: There were voices within the Church at the time saying that the European period of the Church was coming to a close, a view shared by Britain's Cardinal Basil Hume.


Premise: Who believed that the hiring of Molotov would result in a better deal with the western countries?

Hypothesis: Geoffrey Roberts argued that Litvinov's dismissal helped the Soviets with British–French talks, because Litvinov doubted or maybe even opposed such discussions.


Premise: In what year was the Soviet Union disbanded?

Hypothesis: It was the third most populous sub-national entity in the world, after Uttar Pradesh, India and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic until 1991, when the Soviet Union was dissolved.


Premise: What is her nickname that she was given because her children married into royal families across the continent?

Hypothesis: As a result of her seclusion, republicanism temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign her popularity recovered.


Premise: Who are some notable musical composers from Portugal?

Hypothesis: Similarly, contemporary composers such as Nuno Malo and Miguel d'Oliveira have achieved some international success writing original music for film and television.


Premise: What is the name of the first wave of neoclassicism in France?

Hypothesis: In England the two phases might be characterized first by the structures of Robert Adam, the second by those of Sir John Soane.


Premise: WHat is the tallest building in Cork?

Hypothesis: Across the river from County Hall is Ireland's longest building; built in Victorian times, Our Lady's Psychiatric Hospital has now been renovated and converted into a residential housing complex called Atkins Hall, after its architect William Atkins.


Premise: How many gallons of liquid cleaning agent leaked from an IBM facility in 1979?

Hypothesis: Also, from 1980, IBM has pumped out 78,000 gallons of chemicals, including trichloroethane, freon, benzene and perchloroethene to the air and allegedly caused several cancer cases among the townspeople.


Premise: What is definitely seen as being written by Avicenna?

Hypothesis: The third work (The Book of Minerals) is agreed to be Avicenna's writing, adapted from the Kitab al-Shifa (Book of the Remedy).


Premise: What grew during the second phase of shoen development?

Hypothesis: Land management became the primary occupation of the aristocracy, not so much because direct control by the imperial family or central government had declined but more from strong family solidarity and a lack of a sense of Japan as a single nation.


Premise: What did Kerry say about major religious texts?

Hypothesis: Kerry told Christianity Today in October 2004 "I'm a Catholic and I practice, but at the same time I have an open-mindedness to many other expressions of spirituality that come through different religions...


Premise: Who modeled the atom in 1913, challenging Rutherford's model?

Hypothesis: Niels Bohr introduced the first quantized model of the atom in 1913, in an attempt to overcome a major shortcoming of Rutherford's classical model.


Premise: Who condemned the actions of North Korea?

Hypothesis: On 25 June 1950, the United Nations Security Council unanimously condemned the North Korean invasion of the Republic of Korea, with UN Security Council Resolution 82.


Premise: What was Oklahoma's record high temperature?

Hypothesis: Oklahoma's highest recorded temperature of 120 °F (49 °C) was recorded at Tipton on June 27, 1994 and the lowest recorded temperature of −31 °F (−35 °C) was recorded at Nowata on February 10, 2011.


Premise: Confrontational scavenging involves doing what to other predators?

Hypothesis: Robert Blumenschine proposed the idea of confrontational scavenging, which involves challenging and scaring off other predators after they have made a kill, which he suggests could have been the leading method of obtaining protein-rich meat by early humans.


Premise: Who founded the Atlanta-based Intercontinental Exchange?

Hypothesis: However, the IntercontinentalExchange (ICE) had been regulated by both European and U.S. authorities since its purchase of the International Petroleum Exchange in 2001.


Premise: The Crimean war marked the end of what dominant European power?

Hypothesis: " The Crimean War marks the demise of the Concert of Europe, the balance of power that had dominated Europe since the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and which had included France, Russia, Austria and the United Kingdom.


Premise: What did French and English farmers do during the Little Ice Age to gain more solar energy?

Hypothesis: Early fruit walls were built perpendicular to the ground and facing south, but over time, sloping walls were developed to make better use of sunlight.


Premise: What is the major goal of Building Partnerships in these deeds and actions?

Hypothesis: Through both words and deeds, the majority of interaction is devoted to building trust-based relationships for mutual benefit.


Premise: When did Philip Morris' R&D facility open?

Hypothesis: The United Network for Organ Sharing, which maintains the nation's organ transplant waiting list, occupies one building in the park.


Premise: What in human teeth enables proprioception?

Hypothesis: Human teeth have a blood and nerve supply which enables proprioception.


Premise: Where did Eisenhower learn to play poker?

Hypothesis: He learned poker, which he called his "favorite indoor sport," in Abilene.


Premise: What is an organization that has a large presence in the city?

Hypothesis: Mexico City is home to some of the best private hospitals in the country; Hospital Ángeles, Hospital ABC and Médica Sur to name a few.


Premise: Whose lifestyle does Shultziner think we can learn about?

Hypothesis: Lee and Guenther have rejected most of the arguments put forward by Wilmsen.


Premise: Who was the UN under-secretary in 2011?

Hypothesis: In 2011, UN under-secretary general Achim Steiner said: "The continuing growth in this core segment of the green economy is not happening by chance.


Premise: Who debuted as the starting shortstop in early May 2010?

Hypothesis: However, the club played poorly in the early season, finding themselves 10 games under .500 at the end of June.


Premise: What do most elderly people worry about?

Hypothesis: One of the key concerns of older adults is the experience of memory loss, especially as it is one of the hallmark symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.


Premise: What label became Detroit's most famous?

Hypothesis: Fortune, which also released country, gospel and rockabilly LPs and 45s, laid the groundwork for Motown, which became Detroit's most legendary record label.


Premise: Where are France's highest courts located?

Hypothesis: The Court of Cassation, the highest court in the judicial order, which reviews criminal and civil cases, is located in the Palais de Justice on the Île de la Cité, while the Conseil d'État, which provides legal advice to the executive and acts as the highest court in the administrative order, judging litigation against public bodies, is located in the Palais-Royal in the 1st arrondissement.


Premise: Where are purpose-built pubs typically located?

Hypothesis: Although the new licensing laws prevented new beer houses from being created, those already in existence were allowed to continue and many did not close until nearly the end of the 19th century.


Premise: How many are estimated people live in Burma officially?

Hypothesis: The provisional results of the 2014 Myanmar Census show that the total population is 51,419,420.


Premise: What can the team that wins the coin toss choose besides whether they wish to kick off or receive the ball?

Hypothesis: Teams usually choose to defer, so it is typical for the team that wins the coin toss to kick to begin the first half and receive to begin the second.


Premise: What is the main component of the qualitative judgment definition of literature?

Hypothesis: This is the definition used in the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–11) when it classifies literature as "the best expression of the best thought reduced to writing."


Premise: What could the displacement of ice cause?

Hypothesis: Concerns have been raised that disruption of ice shelves may result in increased glacial outflow from the continental ice mass.


Premise: What did Russia receive in return for signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

Hypothesis: By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire had seceded, reducing the size of the country even more.


Premise: In what century was the term matter defined excluding energy phenomena like light and sound?

Hypothesis: Before the 20th century, the term matter included ordinary matter composed of atoms and excluded other energy phenomena such as light or sound.


Premise: What type of language is Maltese?

Hypothesis: Maltese is a Semitic language that is the official language of Malta.


Premise: What emptied out to the south of the Shandong Peninsula?

Hypothesis: The Yellow River split into two new branches: one emptying to the north and the other to the south of the Shandong Peninsula, though Han engineers managed to dam the southern branch by 70 AD.


Premise: When did the reference software become an international standard?

Hypothesis: The reference software in C language was later published as a freely available ISO standard.


Premise: What were the calculations of this myth?

Hypothesis: Knowing how much of the population is made up of homosexual individuals influences how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies.


Premise: The US Air Force began research of ICBMs in what year?

Hypothesis: In 1951, the Air Force began a new ICBM program called MX-1593, and by 1955 this program was receiving top-priority funding.


Premise: What was another name by which Abmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi was known?

Hypothesis: whose general Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmed Gurey) was the first commander to use cannon warfare on the continent during Adal's conquest of the Ethiopian Empire, and the Sultanate of the Geledi, whose military dominance forced governors of the Omani empire north of the city of Lamu to pay tribute to the Somali Sultan Ahmed Yusuf.


Premise: How much did the Red Cross collect in donations?

Hypothesis: The association has also collected a total of $26 million in donations so far.


Premise: Who is the Golden Boot award given to each season?

Hypothesis: Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 14 different players from 10 different clubs have won or shared the top scorers title.


Premise: How far away was the hospital from this rural area?

Hypothesis: For example, a rural medical center in Ohio, United States, used videoconferencing to successfully cut the number of transfers of sick infants to a hospital 70 miles (110 km) away.


Premise: What has remained on the books after they were ruled unconstitutional?

Hypothesis: Notably, a statute does not disappear automatically merely because it has been found unconstitutional; it must be deleted by a subsequent statute.


Premise: Who failed to take back Malakoff?

Hypothesis: On 5 September, another French bombardment (the sixth) was followed by an assault by the French Army on 8 September resulting in the capture of the Malakoff by the French, and following their failure to retake it, the collapse of the Russian defences.


Premise: What notable author who lived in Samoa called the Samoans "gentle people"?

Hypothesis: However, Robert Louis Stevenson, who lived in Samoa from 1889 until his death in 1894, wrote in A Footnote to History:


Premise: Which colleague did Feynman follow to Cornell?

Hypothesis: Feynman followed Hans Bethe, instead, to Cornell University, where Feynman taught theoretical physics from 1945 to 1950.


Premise: To which body can decisions made by this specific high court be appealed?

Hypothesis: Additionally, the highest court in some jurisdictions is not named the "Supreme Court", for example, the High Court of Australia; this is because decisions by the High Court could formerly be appealed to the Privy Council.


Premise: In 2007 what happened to developerWorks?

Hypothesis: DeveloperWorks is a website run by IBM for software developers and IT professionals.


Premise: In what month is the Tour de France?

Hypothesis: The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis.


Premise: How many buddhists are in Asia?

Hypothesis: According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and several Western European countries (1910–2010).


Premise: Who is Philadelphia's greatest architect of the later 19th century?

Hypothesis: The Philadelphia Historical Commission was created in 1955 to preserve the cultural and architectural history of the city.


Premise: What could have allowed Victoria freedom from living with her mother?

Hypothesis: When Victoria complained to Melbourne that her mother's close proximity promised "torment for many years", Melbourne sympathised but said it could be avoided by marriage, which Victoria called a "schocking  [sic] alternative".


Premise: How much money did tourism create for New York in 2014?

Hypothesis: Tourism is a vital industry for New York City, which has witnessed a growing combined volume of international and domestic tourists – receiving approximately 51 million tourists in 2011, 54 million in 2013, and a record 56.4 million in 2014.


Premise: What was the first skill Gautama learnt?

Hypothesis: He devoted himself to anapanasati meditation, through which he discovered what Buddhists call the Middle Way (Skt. madhyamā-pratipad): a path of moderation between the extremes of self-indulgence and self-mortification.[web 2][web 3]


Premise: What was the bit rate of AT&T's Picturephone?

Hypothesis: The greater 1 MHz bandwidth and 6 Mbit/s bit rate of the Picturephone in the 1970s also did not achieve commercial success, mostly due to its high cost, but also due to a lack of network effect —with only a few hundred Picturephones in the world, users had extremely few contacts they could actually call to, and interoperability with other videophone systems would not exist for decades.


Premise: How much was China going to invest in the European Galileo positioning system project?

Hypothesis: However, the Hong Kong-based South China Morning Post reported in January 2008 that China was unsatisfied with its role in the Galileo project and was to compete with Galileo in the Asian market.


Premise: Melbourne is home to a research and development hub for which auto manufacturer?

Hypothesis: Melbourne is also an important financial centre.


Premise: How many dragons were represented in Zhang Heng's invention of the seismometer?

Hypothesis: This employed an inverted pendulum that, when disturbed by ground tremors, would trigger a set of gears that dropped a metal ball from one of eight dragon mouths (representing all eight directions) into a metal toad's mouth.


Premise: Who recommended the role for Hudon?

Hypothesis: The impact of American Idol is also strongly felt in musical theatre, where many of Idol alumni have forged successful careers.


Premise: Who was Tito considered loyal to?

Hypothesis: In fact, Stalin and Tito had an uneasy alliance from the start, with Stalin considering Tito too independent.


Premise: How many people live in a square mile of New York City?

Hypothesis: In 2014, the city had an estimated population density of 27,858 people per square mile (10,756/km²), rendering it the most densely populated of all municipalities housing over 100,000 residents in the United States; however, several small cities (of fewer than 100,000) in adjacent Hudson County, New Jersey are more dense overall, as per the 2000 Census.


Premise: What is the difference in appearance between an RLV disc and a regular LD?

Hypothesis: The only cosmetic difference between an RLV disc and a regular factory-pressed LaserDiscs is their reflective purple-violet (or blue with some RLV discs) color resulting from the dye embedded in the reflective layer of the disc to make it recordable, as opposed to the silver mirror appearance of regular LDs.


Premise: What three treaties exist for unclaimed lands?

Hypothesis: In the last three of these, international treaties (the Antarctic Treaty, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and the Outer Space Treaty respectively) prevent colonization and potential statehood of any of these uninhabited (and, given current technology, not permanently inhabitable) territories.


Premise: What does a dog represent in the Christian culture?

Hypothesis: Jewish law requires Jews to feed dogs (and other animals that they own) before themselves, and make arrangements for feeding them before obtaining them.


Premise: By what name is the first standardized version of the Quran known?

Hypothesis: Shortly after Muhammad's death, the Quran was compiled by his companions who wrote down and memorized parts of it.


Premise: What is the name of the first South Asian a capella group to accept both men and women?

Hypothesis: A cappella is gaining popularity among South Asians with the emergence of primarily Hindi-English College groups.


Premise: What is the name of the first public-access TV channel in the country?

Hypothesis: WNET is the city's major public television station and a primary source of national Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) television programming.


Premise: The geocentric model is similar to what other model?

Hypothesis: The corrections made to the geocentric model by al-Battani, Ibn al-Haytham, Averroes and the Maragha astronomers such as Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi and Ibn al-Shatir are similar to Copernican heliocentric model.


Premise: The Belgian Suite is located at the bottom of which staircase?

Hypothesis: The rooms of the suite are linked by narrow corridors, one of them is given extra height and perspective by saucer domes designed by Nash in the style of Soane.


Premise: What improvement did von Neumann see in the nuclear weaponry?

Hypothesis: The Fuchs–von Neumann patent used radiation implosion, but not in the same way as is used in what became the final hydrogen bomb design, the Teller–Ulam design.


Premise: Where did the 2013 Open World Taekwondo Challenge Cup take place?

Hypothesis: The Somali National Olympic committee has devised a special support program to ensure continued success in future tournaments.


Premise: What is the name of the city's FM radio channel?

Hypothesis: WUOM 91.7; country station WWWW 102.9; and adult-alternative station WQKL 107.1.


Premise: Who allowed industrialists to become officials in the newly state sanctioned industries?

Hypothesis: By Eastern Han times, the central government monopolies were repealed in favor of production by commandery and county administrations, as well as private businessmen.


Premise: Who did Chopin know that became rich in Paris?

Hypothesis: Two Polish friends in Paris were also to play important roles in Chopin's life there.


Premise: Why is Chan suing the Hong Kong government?

Hypothesis: suing the Hong Kong government, claiming her human rights were breached.


Premise: What countries are testing this?

Hypothesis: There are more than 200 thermochemical cycles which can be used for water splitting, around a dozen of these cycles such as the iron oxide cycle, cerium(IV)


Premise: What is the street address of the Bureau of Fire Communications alarm office in Brooklyn?

Hypothesis: One office, at 11 Metrotech Center in Brooklyn, houses Manhattan/Citywide, Brooklyn, and Staten Island Fire Communications.


Premise: What was the French 75 optimised to directly support?

Hypothesis: The Prussian tactics were adopted by European armies by 1914, exemplified in the French 75, an artillery piece optimised to provide direct fire support to advancing infantry.


Premise: Most of NARA's holdings are available to sector?

Hypothesis: Executive Order 13526 directs originating agencies to declassify documents if possible before shipment to NARA for long-term storage, but NARA also stores some classified documents until they can be declassified.


Premise: How many inquiries did Mintini receive regarding missing persons ?

Hypothesis: At the request of the pope, he created an information office for prisoners of war and refugees, which in the years of its existence from 1939 until 1947 received almost ten million (9 891 497) information requests and produced over eleven million (11.293.511) answers about missing persons.


Premise: Where does England rank in terms of the number of UEFA European Football Championship appearances?

Hypothesis: England is quite a successful nation at the UEFA European Football Championship, having finished in third place in 1968 and reached the semi-final in 1996.


Premise: During what period were artists like Anne Murray and Barbra Streisand featured on Top 40 radio?

Hypothesis: Also, some of these stations even played softer songs by Elvis Presley, Linda Ronstadt, Elton John, Rod Stewart, Billy Joel, and other rock-based artists.


Premise: How many square miles was the city in 1822?

Hypothesis: In 1822, the citizens of Boston voted to change the official name from "the Town of Boston" to "the City of Boston", and on March 4, 1822, the people of Boston accepted the charter incorporating the City.


Premise: What rank was Milpa Alta nationally in terms of HDI score?

Hypothesis: —values still in the global high-HDI range.


Premise: What state was dissolved on March 3, 1944?

Hypothesis: On March 3, 1944, on the orders of Stalin, the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was disbanded and its population forcibly deported upon the accusations of collaboration with the invaders and separatism.


Premise: In what year did Pius XII deliver a radio address announcing Montini's papal appointment?

Hypothesis: Pius XII delivered an address about Montini's appointment from his sick-bed over radio to those assembled in St. Peter's Basilica on 12 December 1954.


Premise: What scandal prompted Palmerstons removal in 1851?

Hypothesis: It was only in 1851 that Palmerston was removed after he announced the British government's approval of President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte's coup in France without consulting the Prime Minister.


Premise: What affects the climate in Europe?

Hypothesis: The altitude and size of the range affects the climate in Europe; in the mountains precipitation levels vary greatly and climatic conditions consist of distinct zones.


Premise: When did Strasbourg accept Protestantism?

Hypothesis: By the time of the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, Strasbourg was a prosperous community, and its inhabitants accepted Protestantism in 1523.


Premise: What is the risk of contracting malaria if an individual is already infected with HIV?

Hypothesis: Given infection rates this large, as well as a looming malaria problem, it may be very difficult for the government to deal with both the medical and economic impacts of this epidemic.


Premise: Who replaced Kinnock?

Hypothesis: Kinnock then resigned as leader and was replaced by John Smith.


Premise: What year did Newell show up at Sony's EC3 press conference to take back what he said about PS3?

Hypothesis: In 2007, Gabe Newell of Valve said "The PS3 is a total disaster on so many levels, I think it's really clear that Sony lost track of what customers and what developers wanted".


Premise: How much did Bell et al. try to sell his patent for?

Hypothesis: By then, the Bell company no longer wanted to sell the patent.


Premise: What do some of these special missions in the USAF who deploy with the infantry do?

Hypothesis: Most of these are enlisted positions augmented by a smaller number of commissioned officers.


Premise: How many people in the Southampton area receive hospital services from University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust?

Hypothesis: University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust is one of the city's largest employers.


Premise: Who took Victoria on a trip to Malvern Hills in 1830?

Hypothesis: In 1830, the Duchess of Kent and Conroy took Victoria across the centre of England to visit the Malvern Hills, stopping at towns and great country houses along the way.


Premise: In what unit did Nasser serve?

Hypothesis: In May 1948, following the British withdrawal, King Farouk sent the Egyptian army into Palestine, with Nasser serving in the 6th Infantry Battalion.


Premise: What can make classification of predators problematic when using a food pyramid?

Hypothesis: Many organisms (of which humans are prime examples) eat from multiple levels of the food chain and, thus, make this classification problematic.


Premise: Classical music is rooted the the traditions of what kind of music?

Hypothesis: While a similar term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 (the Classical period), this article is about the broad span of time from roughly the 11th century to the present day, which includes the Classical period and various other periods.


Premise: What was the demographic result of the second election?

Hypothesis: No party could form a sustainable government, which led to the parliamentary elections of June 2012.


Premise: What division of GE provides computer timesharing services?

Hypothesis: GE was a major provider of computer timesharing services, through General Electric Information Services (GEIS, now GXS), offering online computing services that included GEnie.


Premise: Who did Chopin contract with for publishing his music?

Hypothesis: Chopin was also involved in the composition of Liszt's Hexameron; he wrote the sixth (and final) variation on Bellini's theme.


Premise: What was the name of the song played during the opening credits?

Hypothesis: In September 2015 it was announced that Sam Smith and regular collaborator Jimmy Napes had written the film's title theme, "Writing's on the Wall", with Smith performing it for the film.


Premise: Is there a Christian radio station in Cork?

Hypothesis: There are also local stations such as Cork's 96FM, Cork's Red FM, C103, CUH 102.0FM, UCC 98.3FM (formerly Cork Campus Radio 97.4fm) and Christian radio station Life 93.1FM.


Premise: When did union forces occupy coastal areas of North carolina?

Hypothesis: Approximately 2,000 North Carolinians from western North Carolina enlisted in the Union Army and fought for the North in the war.


Premise: What do historians try to piece together from pre-Western environments?

Hypothesis: Though earlier approaches to translation are less commonly used today, they retain importance when dealing with their products, as when historians view ancient or medieval records to piece together events which took place in non-Western or pre-Western environments.


Premise: In January 2010, what markets did Mark Zandi testify about that remain impaired and investors anticipate more loan losses?

Hypothesis: In 2009, private issuance was less than $150 billion, and almost all of it was asset-backed issuance supported by the Federal Reserve's TALF program to aid credit card, auto and small-business lenders.


Premise: The information-processing perspective towards cognitive development derives from the study of what?

Hypothesis: The second is the information-processing perspective, which derives from the study of artificial intelligence and attempts to explain cognitive development in terms of the growth of specific components of the thinking process.