Premise: Where did the Neolithic culture begin?

Hypothesis: It developed directly from the Epipaleolithic Natufian culture in the region, whose people pioneered the use of wild cereals, which then evolved into true farming.


Premise: What group uses infinite field extensions with topology?

Hypothesis: Galois groups of infinite field extensions such as the absolute Galois group can also be equipped with a topology, the so-called Krull topology, which in turn is central to generalize the above sketched connection of fields and groups to infinite field extensions.


Premise: What religion was Burke's father?

Hypothesis: Burke's religious thought was grounded in the belief that religion is the foundation of civil society.


Premise: Which group claims it is Alaska's largest private land owner?

Hypothesis: Effectively, the corporations hold title (including subsurface title in many cases, a privilege denied to individual Alaskans) but cannot sell the land.


Premise: Which U.S. Billboard 200 chart topper did Kanye West produce a song for?

Hypothesis: The third song on Foxy Brown's second studio album Chyna Doll was produced by West.


Premise: How easily do vinyl records break?

Hypothesis: Vinyl records do not break easily, but the soft material is easily scratched.


Premise: Damage to the brain occurs because of the increase in which process?

Hypothesis: Effective fluid replacement techniques include water aid stations during running/cycling races, trainers providing water during team games, such as soccer, and devices such as Camel Baks, which can provide water for a person without making it too hard to drink the water.


Premise: What is the name of the tour bus that shows off the monuments of Mexico City?

Hypothesis: The Plaza of the Three Cultures in the Tlatelolco neighbourhood, and the shrine and Basilicas of Our Lady of Guadalupe are also important sites.


Premise: What was the average for viewership by finale night?

Hypothesis: The audience steadily grew, and by finale night, the audience had averaged 23 million, with more than 40 million watching some part of that show.


Premise: What was included in religious humanism that was similiar to other religion?

Hypothesis: Though practitioners of religious humanism did not officially organise under the name of "humanism" until the late 19th and early 20th centuries, non-theistic religions paired with human-centred ethical philosophy have a long history.


Premise: What date did Saint FM Community Radio launch?

Hypothesis: Saint FM Community Radio took over the radio channels vacated by Saint FM and launched on 10 March 2013.


Premise: What is in the Fayetteville business district?

Hypothesis: In the 2000s, an effort by the Downtown Raleigh Alliance was made to separate this area of the city into five smaller districts: Fayetteville Street, Moore Square, Glenwood South, Warehouse (Raleigh), and Capital District (Raleigh).


Premise: What pub is associated with some of Jack the Ripper's victims?

Hypothesis: It is said that Vladimir Lenin and a young Joseph Stalin met in the Crown and Anchor pub (now known as The Crown Tavern) on Clerkenwell Green when the latter was visiting London in 1903.


Premise: Who manufactures a pedometer accessory for the iPod?

Hypothesis: Many accessories have been made for the iPod line.


Premise: What did Whitehead believe in so profusely that it was difficult to write a biography on him?

Hypothesis: This led to Lowe himself remarking on the first page of Whitehead's biography, "No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him."


Premise: Who was the ruler of Morocco in 1984?

Hypothesis: Proposing political unity with Morocco, in August 1984, Gaddafi and Moroccan monarch Hassan II signed the Oujda Treaty, forming the Arab-African Union; such a union was considered surprising due to the strong political differences and longstanding enmity that existed between the two governments.


Premise: In what area did the Chola Empire establish political unity?

Hypothesis: The power of the new empire was proclaimed to the eastern world by the expedition to the Ganges which Rajendra Chola I undertook and by the occupation of cities of the maritime empire of Srivijaya in Southeast Asia, as well as by the repeated embassies to China.


Premise: What is copra?

Hypothesis: The staple products of Samoa are copra (dried coconut meat), cocoa bean (for chocolate), and bananas.


Premise: What type of architecture did Pugin consider truly Christian?

Hypothesis: Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only "true Christian form of architecture."


Premise: For which family was Charles "Lucky" Luciano a lieutenant?

Hypothesis: The men who called this meeting were Masseria family lieutenant Charles "Lucky" Luciano and former Chicago South Side Gang boss


Premise: Which country succesfully launched the first person into space in 1961?

Hypothesis: By 1959, American observers believed that the Soviet Union would be the first to get a human into space, because of the time needed to prepare for Mercury's first launch.


Premise: How was the ASA scale shown on models built after 1946?

Hypothesis: Meters manufactured since February 1946 were equipped with the ASA scale (labeled "Exposure Index") already.


Premise: On what day did Paul VI die?

Hypothesis: On 6 August 1978 at 21:41 Paul VI died in Castel Gandolfo.


Premise: What is a more fuel efficient way for STOVL aircraft to take off rather than vertically?

Hypothesis: Although STOVL aircraft are capable of taking off vertically from a spot on the deck, using the ramp and a running start is far more fuel efficient and permits a heavier launch weight.


Premise: When were writing systems being created in the Americas?

Hypothesis: Independent from the development of writing in other areas of the world, the Mesoamerican region produced several indigenous writing systems beginning in the 1st millennium BCE.


Premise: When were the mosaics in the Church of St Stephen created?

Hypothesis: The mosaics of the Church of St Stephen in ancient Kastron Mefaa (now Umm ar-Rasas) were made in 785 (discovered after 1986).


Premise: An equal-tempered semitone is subdivided into how many cents?

Hypothesis: An equal-tempered semitone is subdivided into 100 cents.


Premise: what is another name for a low-surrogate code point?

Hypothesis: A high-surrogate code point (also known as a leading surrogate) followed by a low-surrogate code point (also known as a trailing surrogate) together form a surrogate pair used in UTF-16 to represent 1,048,576 code points outside BMP.


Premise: What is varied about Houston's population?

Hypothesis: Houston is the most diverse city in Texas and has been described as the most diverse in the United States.


Premise: During Prohibition what name was given to Atlantic City?

Hypothesis: The city then dubbed itself as "The World's Playground".


Premise: When did Richard Lazarus die?

Hypothesis: : Classic and Contemporary Readings (Oxford, 2003); Peter Goldie (1946–2011), a British philosopher who specialized in ethics, aesthetics, emotion, mood and character; Nico Frijda (1927–2015), a Dutch psychologist who advanced the theory that human emotions serve to promote a tendency to undertake actions that are appropriate in the circumstances, detailed in his book The Emotions (1986).


Premise: What was the result for internationals companies attempting to conduct business in Burma ?

Hypothesis: On 13 April 2012 British Prime Minister David Cameron called for the economic sanctions on Myanmar to be suspended in the wake of the pro-democracy party gaining 43 seats out of a possible 45 in the 2012 by-elections with the party leader, Aung San Suu Kyi becoming a member of the Burmese parliament.


Premise: Right now what percentage of children are employed in the US?

Hypothesis: Child labour accounts for 22% of the workforce in Asia, 32% in Africa, 17% in Latin America, 1% in the US, Canada, Europe and other wealthy nations.


Premise: What is the term used for birds that employ many strategies to obtain food?

Hypothesis: Birds that employ many strategies to obtain food or feed on a variety of food items are called generalists, while others that concentrate time and effort on specific food items or have a single strategy to obtain food are considered specialists.


Premise: When was the Crimean War?

Hypothesis: In 1853 the Russian Empire on behalf of the Slavic Balkan states began to question the very existence of the Ottoman Empire.


Premise: Which party had gained control?

Hypothesis: The liberals gained control and the opposition responded by fomenting a conspiracy.


Premise: Modern day instrument may be classified as brass, string, woodwind and what other classification?

Hypothesis: As in the modern day, instruments may be classified as brass, strings, percussion, and woodwind.


Premise: How many females were in Hyderabad for the 2011 census?

Hypothesis: There are 3,500,802 male and 3,309,168 female citizens—a sex ratio of 945 females per 1000 males, higher than the national average of 926 per 1000.


Premise: When did the Thames Valley Athletics Centre open?

Hypothesis: The facility, which became the Thames Valley Athletics Centre, opened in April 1999.


Premise: What does Wood call the approach of allowing individuals the freedom to decide what they want to believe?

Hypothesis: He calls this approach the "genius of religious sentiment in the United States."


Premise: Do fluorescent lights have a higher or lower luminous efficiency than incandescents?

Hypothesis: These lamps produce discrete spectral lines and do not have the broad "tail" of invisible infrared emissions.


Premise: Which style guide recommends using Vergilius to avoid confusion with Virgilius Maro Grammaticus?

Hypothesis: Alternatively, some argue that Vergilius was altered to Virgilius by analogy with the Latin virga ("wand") due to the magical or prophetic powers attributed to Virgil in the Middle Ages (this explanation is found in only a handful of manuscripts, however, and was probably not widespread).


Premise: Who first dubbed the British Parliament the "Mother of Parliaments?"

Hypothesis: The British Parliament is often referred to as the "Mother of Parliaments" (although this sobriquet was first applied to England itself by John Bright) because it has been the model for most other parliamentary systems.


Premise: In all reference frames, how is the the speed of light?

Hypothesis: In contrast, the theory of special relativity postulates that light propagates at the speed of light in all inertial frames, and examines the implications of this postulate.


Premise: Along with the Silver Star, what Amtrak line runs to Miami?

Hypothesis: Current construction of the Miami Central Station will move all Amtrak operations from its current out-of-the-way location to a centralized location with Metrorail, MIA Mover, Tri-Rail, Miami International Airport, and the Miami Intermodal Center all within the same station closer to Downtown.


Premise: What is the population of CAR approximately?

Hypothesis: The CAR covers a land area of about 620,000 square kilometres (240,000 sq mi) and had an estimated population of around 4.7 million as of 2014[update].


Premise: Who later bought the well-known encyclopedia from The Times in 1908?

Hypothesis: During his tenure (1890–1911), The Times became associated with selling the Encyclopædia Britannica using aggressive American marketing methods introduced by Horace Everett Hooper and his advertising executive, Henry Haxton.


Premise: What university did Eisenhower attend?

Hypothesis: The Eisenhower home served as the local meeting hall from 1896 to 1915, though Eisenhower never joined the International Bible Students.


Premise: What was the source of the live feeds?

Hypothesis: Even pay television channels (such as Channel V) had their programmes suspended.


Premise: Less than 1% of the world's total grid electricity was generated by solar energy in what year?

Hypothesis: Solar projects exceeding 1 GW are being developed, but most of the deployed photovoltaics are in small rooftop arrays of less than 5 kW, which are grid connected using net metering and/or a feed-in tariff.


Premise: Who helped Albert improve in public speaking?

Hypothesis: After his closing speech at the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley on 31 October 1925, one which was an ordeal for both him and his listeners, he began to see Lionel Logue, an Australian-born speech therapist.


Premise: Even though USB 3.0's 4.5 W is sometimes insufficient to power external hard drives, technology is what?

Hypothesis: Even though USB 3.0's 4.5 W is sometimes insufficient to power external hard drives, technology is advancing and external drives gradually need less power, diminishing the eSATA advantage.


Premise: How much was the US government ordered to pay in damages?

Hypothesis: Three of the men were sentenced to death (which was later reduced to life in prison), and the fourth defendant was sentenced to life in prison.


Premise: What event does Raymond E. Brown believe the Toledot Yeshu describes?

Hypothesis: The story about Panthera is also found in the Toledot Yeshu, the literary origins of which can not be traced with any certainty and given that it is unlikely to go before the 4th century, it is far too late to include authentic remembrances of Jesus.


Premise: When was a surrogate character mechanism implemented in Unicode 2.0?

Hypothesis: This increased the Unicode codespace to over a million code points, which allowed for the encoding of many historic scripts (e.g., Egyptian Hieroglyphs) and thousands of rarely used or obsolete characters that had not been anticipated as needing encoding.


Premise: When did Altan Khan make peace with the Ming dynasty?

Hypothesis: After Altan Khan made peace with the Ming dynasty in 1571, he invited the third hierarch of the Gelug—


Premise: What are annelids' cuticles made out of?

Hypothesis: A few marine annelids that live in tubes lack cuticles, but their tubes have a similar structure, and mucus-secreting glands in the epidermis protect their skins.


Premise: What was the name of the person who hosted Chopin as a guest when he discovered Polish rural folk music?

Hypothesis: In 1824 and 1825, at Szafarnia, he was a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski, the father of a schoolmate.


Premise: When did Hurricane Ike hit the Houston area?

Hypothesis: One month later, approximately 2.5 million Houston area residents evacuated when Hurricane Rita approached the Gulf Coast, leaving little damage to the Houston area.


Premise: Where do the higher levels of precipitation occur?

Hypothesis: The mean precipitation in the Alps ranges from a low of 2,600 mm (100 in) per year to 3,600 mm (140 in) per year, with the higher levels occurring at high altitudes.


Premise: Who was the author of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom?

Hypothesis: During the American Civil War, Richmond served as the capital of the Confederate States of America.


Premise: What did the branding of the Mac OS 8 effectively end?

Hypothesis: When Steve Jobs returned to Apple in 1997 following the company's purchase of NeXT, he ordered that the OS that had been previewed as version 7.7 be branded Mac OS 8 (in place of the never-to-appear Copland OS).


Premise: What denominations are considered to be wealthier than most other groups?

Hypothesis: Numbers of the most wealthy and affluent American families as the Vanderbilts and the Astors, Rockefeller, Du Pont, Roosevelt, Forbes, Whitneys, the Morgans and Harrimans are Mainline Protestant families.


Premise: What other country has reduced its pesticide usage?

Hypothesis: In Indonesia, farmers have reduced pesticide use on rice fields by 65% and experienced a 15% crop increase.[unreliable source?]


Premise: Who did the Carthaginians hire to lead their army after several losses against the Romans?

Hypothesis: The Carthaginians then hired Xanthippus of Carthage, a Spartan mercenary general, to reorganise and lead their army.


Premise: Who said that thousands of pro-Beijing supporters would be bused in?

Hypothesis: Foreign Minister Stephen Smith said Chinese officials were urging supporters to "turn up and put a point of view", but that he had no objection to it as long as they remained peaceful.


Premise: What years did the civil war take place?

Hypothesis: Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow.


Premise: By what entities was the Portuguese economy bailed out?

Hypothesis: At the time of exiting the bailout the economy had contracted by 0.7% in the first quarter of 2014, however unemployment, while still high had fallen to 15.3 percent.


Premise: What is the final degree of Masonry?

Hypothesis: Some time later, in a separate ceremony, they will be passed to the degree of Fellowcraft, and finally they will be raised to the degree of Master Mason.


Premise: How many geographical regions are within Swaziland?

Hypothesis: These run from North to South and are determined by altitude.


Premise: what label were the burrell's briefly with before their success?

Hypothesis: In the late 1980s, Nu Groove Records prolonged, if not launched the careers of Rheji Burrell & Rhano Burrell, collectively known as Burrell (after a brief stay on Virgin America via Timmy Regisford and Frank Mendez), along with basically every relevant DJ and Producer in the NY underground scene.


Premise: What is Oklahoma's record high temperature for Nov 11?

Hypothesis: As an example, on November 11, 1911, the temperature at Oklahoma City reached 83 °F (28 °C) in the afternoon (the record high for that date), then an Arctic cold front of unprecedented intensity slammed across the state, causing the temperature to crash 66 degrees, down to 17 °F (−8 °C) at midnight (the record low for that date); thus, both the record high and record low for November 11 were set on the same date.


Premise: What essential condition must be met for a subset of a group to be a subgroup?

Hypothesis: The subgroup test is a necessary and sufficient condition for a subset H of a group G to be a subgroup: it is sufficient to check that g−1h ∈ H for all elements g, h ∈ H. Knowing the subgroups is important in understanding the group as a whole.d[›]


Premise: Who introduced the idea that cells could be grown in vitro?

Hypothesis: These technologies enable the biotechnological use of whole plants or plant cell cultures grown in bioreactors to synthesise pesticides, antibiotics or other pharmaceuticals, as well as the practical application of genetically modified crops designed for traits such as improved yield.


Premise: Which two cultures does Tibetan architecture reflect?

Hypothesis: Tibetan architecture reflects Chinese and Indian influences.


Premise: Identify a major factor in this feckless strategy by France of not defending its colonies with enthusiasm?

Hypothesis: This strategy was to a degree forced upon France: geography, coupled with the superiority of the British navy, made it difficult for the French navy to provide significant supplies and support to French colonies.


Premise: When did Yale first incorporate humanities and sciences?

Hypothesis: Established to train Congregationalist ministers in theology and sacred languages, by 1777 the school's curriculum began to incorporate humanities and sciences.


Premise: What is the yearly revenue of the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation?

Hypothesis: A public benefit corporation with $6.7 billion in annual revenues, HHC is the largest municipal healthcare system in the United States serving 1.4 million patients, including more than 475,000 uninsured city residents.


Premise: What economic sanction against Iranian crude oil has adversely affected the Iranian economy?

Hypothesis: Following a successful implementation of the 2015 nuclear and sanctions relief deal, the resulting benefits might not be distributed evenly across the Iranian economy as political elites such as the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps have garnered more resources and economic interests.


Premise: When should you suspect asthma?

Hypothesis: A diagnosis of asthma should be suspected if there is a history of: recurrent wheezing, coughing or difficulty breathing and these symptoms occur or worsen due to exercise, viral infections, allergens or air pollution.


Premise: Who made reductions in the taxes that landowner-cultivators were forced to pay?

Hypothesis: The small landowner-cultivators formed the majority of the Han tax base; this revenue was threatened during the latter half of Eastern Han when many peasants fell into debt and were forced to work as farming tenants for wealthy landlords.


Premise: Past projects ordered by the MoD have taken what type of time frame to fulfill?

Hypothesis: The Ministry of Defence has been criticised in the past for poor management and financial control, investing in projects that have taken up to 10 and even as much as 15 years to be delivered.


Premise: What can be added to f0 to create a standing wave pattern?

Hypothesis: However, feeding that element with 3f0 (whose wavelength is 1⁄3 that of f0) will also lead to a standing wave pattern.


Premise: In modern times has the population of White/Caucasian increase or decrease since the 70s?

Hypothesis: Previous influxes among ethnic groups have been African-Americans in the postwar era, and Irish, Italian and (to a lesser degree)


Premise: Where was Brigham  Young's school originally believed to be located?

Hypothesis: Brigham Young University's origin can be traced back to 1862 when a man named Warren Dusenberry started a Provo school in a prominent adobe building called Cluff Hall, which was located in the northeast corner of 200 East and 200 North.


Premise: Two bodies of the United Nations agreed with what restricted provision in defining genocide?

Hypothesis: It noted that International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice had agreed with the narrow interpretation, that biological-physical destruction was necessary for an act to qualify as genocide.


Premise: Why didn't they move to Dublin?

Hypothesis: The idea came closest to reality in 1998, when Wimbledon received Premier League approval to relocate to Dublin, Ireland, but the move was blocked by the Football Association of Ireland.


Premise: Why are glacial crevices formed?

Hypothesis: Intersecting crevasses can create isolated peaks in the ice, called seracs.


Premise: When did Lord Bathurst die?

Hypothesis: Samuel Johnson was so irritated at hearing it continually praised, that he made a parody of it, where the devil appears to a young Whig and predicts that in short time, Whiggism will poison even the paradise of America!


Premise: Where do bar-tailed godwits migrate to?

Hypothesis: Prior to migration, 55 percent of their bodyweight is stored as fat to fuel this uninterrupted journey.


Premise: Who was the commissioner of the AFL in 1989?

Hypothesis: On Saturday, July 23, 1989, much of America learned of the AFL for an unintended reason, when the Pittsburgh Gladiators' head coach, Joe Haering, made football history by punching commissioner Jim Foster during a game with the Chicago Bruisers.


Premise: William Cullen and Joseph Black shared what two occupations?

Hypothesis: In France, Voltaire said "we look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilization."


Premise: 8th Street between Avenue A and Third Avenue is called what?

Hypothesis: 8th Street between Avenue A and Third Avenue is called St Mark's Place, but it is counted in the length below.


Premise: When did Captain T.C. Fowle write of a trip he had taken from Karachi to Syria?

Hypothesis: Captain T.C. Fowle, 40th Pathans (troops of British India), wrote of a trip he had taken from Karachi to Syria just before the war.


Premise: What types of retail offerings are found in Cork?

Hypothesis: Department stores cater for all budgets, with expensive boutiques for one end of the market and high street stores also available.


Premise: Which President did Kanye West accuse of "Not caring for black people"?

Hypothesis: On September 2, 2005, during a benefit concert for Hurricane Katrina relief on NBC, A Concert for Hurricane Relief, West (a featured speaker) accused President George W. Bush of not "car[ing] about black people".


Premise: When did the Republic of China control the Dachen Islands until?

Hypothesis: During the Cultural Revolution (1966–76), Zhejiang was in chaos and disunity, and its economy was stagnant, especially during the high tide (1966–69) of the revolution.


Premise: renaissance humanism was antagonistic to what?

Hypothesis: By analogy with the perceived decline of Latin, they applied the principle of ad fontes, or back to the sources, across broad areas of learning.


Premise: What were the highest class?

Hypothesis: In many of these systems, the different levels of award and honour reflect the Imperial system they replaced.


Premise: What position did Lord Kilmuir have ?

Hypothesis: Eden recommended that she consult Lord Salisbury, the Lord President of the Council.


Premise: When was the first constitutional convention held in Montana?

Hypothesis: A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884.


Premise: What is a legal system older than Catholic law?

Hypothesis: The Catholic Church has what is claimed to be the oldest continuously functioning internal legal system in Western Europe, much later than Roman law but predating the evolution of modern European civil law traditions.


Premise: Who is said to have mastered the astrolabe?

Hypothesis: The astrolabe, though originally developed by the Greeks, was perfected by Islamic astronomers and engineers, and was subsequently brought to Europe.


Premise: The tool that was invented to stain only a small fractions of neurons was called what?

Hypothesis: The first real progress toward a modern understanding of nervous function, though, came from the investigations of Luigi Galvani, who discovered that a shock of static electricity applied to an exposed nerve of a dead frog could cause its leg to contract.


Premise: In what century long before Dutch did most West Germanic dialects probably lose case inflection?

Hypothesis: In the spoken language cases and case inflections had already gradually disappeared from a much earlier date on (probably the 15th century) as in many continental West Germanic dialects.


Premise: Who, acting as registrar, informed North Korea that withdrawal was deliberately precluded by the original signatories of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights?

Hypothesis: It has, for example, been held that it is not possible to withdraw from the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.


Premise: What is the requirement of the act?

Hypothesis: On 16 March 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, which requires an annual stamp purchase by all hunters over the age of sixteen.


Premise: A combination computer/LD player was comissioned by what government entity?

Hypothesis: Under contract from the U.S. Military, Matrox produced a combination computer/LaserDisc player for instructional purposes.


Premise: In what densely populated area is it spoken?

Hypothesis: It is spoken in the densely populated regions of the Barcelona province, the eastern half of the province of Tarragona, and most of the province of Girona.


Premise: What does Alfranj mean?

Hypothesis: Another Arabic word sometimes used for Christians, particularly in a political context, is Ṣalībī (صليبي "Crusader") from ṣalīb (صليب "cross") which refers to Crusaders and has negative connotations.


Premise: When did the Tibetan government sign the Simla Accord with Britain?

Hypothesis: After the Xinhai Revolution (1911–12) toppled the Qing dynasty and the last Qing troops were escorted out of Tibet, the new Republic of China apologized for the actions of the Qing and offered to restore the Dalai Lama's title.


Premise: What is regarded as one of the best high schools in the country?

Hypothesis: The Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College is a private, co-educational, not-for-profit Catholic school located in the wealthy residential southeastern neighbourhood of Carrasco.


Premise: Who was able to counterattack and move the KPA away from the Pusan Perimeter?

Hypothesis: By late August, the Pusan Perimeter had some 500 medium tanks battle-ready.


Premise: What is Pandeism?

Hypothesis: Deism holds that God is wholly transcendent: God exists, but does not intervene in the world beyond what was necessary to create it.


Premise: What is one known istance of cannibalism?

Hypothesis: The one subspecies of carnivorous megafauna that does interact frequently with humans in predatory roles is the domestic dog, but usually as a partner in predation especially if they hunt together.


Premise: Who did the Bronx vote against for mayor in 2005?

Hypothesis: The Bronx was thus the only borough not carried by the successful Republican re-election campaigns of Mayors Rudolph Giuliani in 1997 and Michael Bloomberg in 2005.


Premise: The last tsar of Russia, Nicholas ll encountered his first elevator at the Hotel Adloin in what city?

Hypothesis: In Lifted: A Cultural History of the Elevator, author Andreas Bernard documents other social impacts caused by the modern elevator, including thriller movies about stuck elevators, casual encounters and sexual tension on elevators, the reduction of personal space, and concerns about personal hygiene.


Premise: In which battle was the Hanover army destroyed?

Hypothesis: Despite being expected to defeat Prussia at the Battle of Langensalza, Prussia employed Moltke the Elder's Kesselschlacht order of battle to instead destroy the Hanoverian army.


Premise: How is H2 used in electrical generators at power stations?

Hypothesis: It is used as a shielding gas in welding methods such as atomic hydrogen welding.


Premise: What is Santa Monica named after?

Hypothesis: The Census Bureau population for Santa Monica in 2010 was 89,736.


Premise: When was Swansea City's home match played against Wigan Athletic?

Hypothesis: The number of Welsh clubs in the Premier League increased to two for the first time in 2013–14, as Cardiff City gained promotion, but Cardiff City was relegated after its maiden season.


Premise: Who thought that gods were distant and uninterested?

Hypothesis: The popular philosopher Epicurus promoted a view of disinterested gods living far away from the human realm in metakosmia.


Premise: How many miles of shelving are in BYU's Harold B. Lee Library?

Hypothesis: The Spencer W. Kimball Tower, shortened to SWKT and pronounced Swicket by many students, is home to several of the university's departments and programs and is the tallest building in Provo, Utah.


Premise: How many parking spaces are there at Brasilia's airport?

Hypothesis: The parking lot accommodates 1,200 cars.


Premise: What Prime Minister objected to the name change?

Hypothesis: The Duke complained, "I am the only man in the country not allowed to give his name to his own children."


Premise: When did Burke decide Indianism was the worst threat?

Hypothesis: By March 1796, however Burke had changed his mind: "Our Government and our Laws are beset by two different Enemies, which are sapping its foundations, Indianism, and Jacobinism.


Premise: Do all plants have male and female parts?

Hypothesis: Species boundaries in plants may be weaker than in animals, and cross species hybrids are often possible.


Premise: What was the leading sport club in 1905?

Hypothesis: European model sports clubs were formed with the spreading popularity of football matches in 19th century Constantinople.


Premise: What was the name of the copywriter that proposed the name "iPod"?

Hypothesis: Apple researched the trademark and found that it was already in use.


Premise: How many Muslim nations require women to cover their legs, shoulders, or whole body?

Hypothesis: In a small minority of Muslim countries, the law requires women to cover either just legs, shoulders and head or the whole body apart from the face.


Premise: How is the city commonly abbreviated?

Hypothesis: Since 2013, to refer to the City particularly in relation to government campaigns, the abbreviation CDMX has been used (from Ciudad de México).


Premise: What document established the border between Russia and Estonia?

Hypothesis: From 1920 to 1945, Estonia's border with Russia, set by the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty, extended beyond the Narva River in the northeast and beyond the town of Pechory (Petseri) in the southeast.


Premise: Why was there tension the day after the election?

Hypothesis: It was clear that the result in Ohio, along with two other states who had still not declared (New Mexico and Iowa), would decide the winner.


Premise: Name the six largest European ethnic groups in the city?

Hypothesis: Irish, Italians, Polish, Germans, English, and Greeks are the largest ethnic European groups in the city.


Premise: Who designed Diana's dress?

Hypothesis: Diana's body was clothed in a black long-sleeved dress designed by Catherine Walker, which she had chosen some weeks before.


Premise: What association criticized the separation of race and ethnicity in the UScensus?

Hypothesis: Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with Hispanic or Latino origin asked as a separate question.


Premise: What form of government does Ann Arbor have?

Hypothesis: Ann Arbor has a council-manager form of government.


Premise: What year was Cabot Tower built?

Hypothesis: Signal Hill is a hill which overlooks the city of St. John's.


Premise: Insect sounds come from what kind of action?

Hypothesis: Insects make sounds mostly by mechanical action of appendages.


Premise: What is the lowest altitude where acclimatization or a suit is not needed to prevent sickness in humans?

Hypothesis: The colder air temperatures found at altitudes of up to 3 km generally compensate for the lower pressures there.


Premise: Why were laws like the one drop rule enacted?

Hypothesis: This was a stricter interpretation than what had prevailed in the 19th century; it ignored the many mixed families in the state and went against commonly accepted social rules of judging a person by appearance and association.


Premise: What is Kerry's 2nd wife's nationality?

Hypothesis: Kerry and his second wife, Mozambican-born businesswoman and philanthropist Maria Teresa Thierstein Simões Ferreira (known as Teresa), the widow of Kerry's late Pennsylvania Republican Senate colleague Henry John Heinz III, were introduced to each other by Heinz at an Earth Day rally in 1990.


Premise: What English law was enacted in order to forcibly reduce wages?

Hypothesis: In Eastern Europe, on the other hand, landowners were able to exploit the situation to force the peasantry into even more repressive bondage.


Premise: In what country was the first case of totally drug-resistant tuberculosis?

Hypothesis: Extensively drug-resistant TB is also resistant to three or more of the six classes of second-line drugs.


Premise: Who became the Fire Chief in November 2008?

Hypothesis: Training, Fire Marshall, Operations, and Administration are the divisions of the department.


Premise: How much money was spent to explore for uranium in 2006?

Hypothesis: This has caused a big increase in spending on exploration, with US$200 million being spent worldwide in 2005, a 54% increase on the previous year.


Premise: What do you call the line that marks the elevation that waterfalls first appear on rivers?

Hypothesis: The major rivers of the Piedmont, such as the Yadkin and Catawba, tend to be fast-flowing, shallow, and narrow.


Premise: What was a benedit of laser read discs?

Hypothesis: ELPJ, a Japanese-based company, sells a laser turntable that uses a laser to read vinyl discs optically, without physical contact.


Premise: What is the flashing indicator of a general hardware error known as?

Hypothesis: This error is often known as the "Red Ring of Death".


Premise: How much money did Terminal 3 of Indira Gandhi International Airport cost to construct?

Hypothesis: Terminal 3, which cost ₹96.8 billion (US$1.4 billion) to construct between 2007 and 2010, handles an additional 37 million passengers annually.


Premise: Who were increasingly included as African Americans in the 20th century?

Hypothesis: In 20th-century changes, during the rise of the Civil Rights and Black Power movements, the African-American community increased its own pressure for people of any portion of African descent to be claimed by the black community to add to its power.


Premise: Several manufacturers offer what?

Hypothesis: , several manufacturers offer external portable USB hard disk drives, or empty enclosures for disk drives.


Premise: What was the focus of De Revolutionibus by Nicolaus Copernicus?

Hypothesis: The thesis of Copernicus' book was that the Earth moved around the Sun.


Premise: What year was it discovered that petroleum could be distilled into kerosene?

Hypothesis: He set up a network of kerosene distilleries which would later become Standard Oil, thus completely abolishing the need for whale-oil lamps.


Premise: What did the government of Saint Helena fund in 2012?

Hypothesis: Work is being done under this action plan, including publishing awareness-raising articles in local newspapers, providing support for members of the public with human rights queries, and extending several UN Conventions on human rights to St. Helena.


Premise: How is hunting regulated?

Hypothesis: Hunters of protected species require a hunting license in all states, for which completion of a hunting safety course is sometimes a prerequisite.


Premise: Who evaluates dogs at breed shows?

Hypothesis: In conformation shows, also referred to as breed shows, a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type as described in the breed standard.


Premise: Why did Kari Marx criticize Humanist Philosophy's?

Hypothesis: These ideas were challenged, for example by the young Karl Marx, who criticized the project of political emancipation (embodied in the form of human rights), asserting it to be symptomatic of the very dehumanization it was supposed to oppose.


Premise: How many rules dows the patimokkha have?

Hypothesis: It includes the Patimokkha, a set of 227 rules for monks in the Theravadin recension.


Premise: What was the title of the documentary the BBC released?

Hypothesis: Chopin's life was covered in a BBC TV documentary Chopin –


Premise: What isn't it easy to determine about clothing?

Hypothesis: Another theory is that modern humans are the only survivors of several species of primates who may have worn clothes and that clothing may have been used as long ago as 650 thousand years ago.


Premise: Which war did Albert serve in?

Hypothesis: One year after his commission, he began service in the First World War.


Premise: All boroughs except for Milpa Alta were in what ranking of HDI score?

Hypothesis: Mexico City's HDI for the 2005 report was of .9012


Premise: What was the first index on corruption, in 1995?

Hypothesis: While "corruption" indices first appeared in 1995 with the Corruption Perceptions Index CPI, all of these metrics address different proxies for corruption, such as public perceptions of the extent of the problem.


Premise: What do special referees have the ability to do?

Hypothesis: They also have the power to eject from ringside any of the heel wrestler's entourage/stable, who may otherwise interfere with the match.


Premise: In addition to smoke detectors, what do fire safety officials suggest people replace batteries in when they set their clocks twice a year?

Hypothesis: Similar twice-yearly tasks include reviewing and practicing fire escape and family disaster plans, inspecting vehicle lights, checking storage areas for hazardous materials, reprogramming thermostats, and seasonal vaccinations.


Premise: What genre of music is played by Westlife?

Hypothesis: This format often includes dance-pop (such as upbeat songs by Madonna, Cher, Gloria Estefan and Kylie Minogue), power pops (mainly by boybands such as Backstreet Boys and Westlife), and adult-oriented soft rock music that are ballad-driven (typically by Aerosmith[citation needed], The Eagles, Sting, Toto and The Moody Blues).


Premise: How much video can a CD-R contain?

Hypothesis: One CD-R disc can hold up to 60 minutes of standard quality SVCD-format video.


Premise: What famous tomb is in Lahore?

Hypothesis: The province is home to several historical sites, including the Shalimar Gardens, the Lahore Fort, the Badshahi Mosque, the Rohtas Fort and the ruins of the ancient city of Harrapa.


Premise: Who succeeded King Dom Carlos I as king?

Hypothesis: On 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon.


Premise: When did Irgun attack the British administrative headquarters?

Hypothesis: On July 22, 1946, Irgun attacked the British administrative headquarters for Palestine, which was housed in the southern wing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem.


Premise: What clause gives Puerto Rican citizens the same rights as US citizens?

Hypothesis: In addition, the rights, privileges and immunities attendant to United States citizens are "respected in Puerto Rico to the same extent as though Puerto Rico were a state of the union" through the express extension of the Privileges and Immunities Clause of the U.S. Constitution by the U.S. Congress in 1948.


Premise: What percentage of GDP was the budget deficit of Greece in 2009?

Hypothesis: By the end of 2009, the Greek economy faced the highest budget deficit and government debt-to-GDP ratios in the EU.


Premise: Do CDs have a two or four channel format?

Hypothesis: Monaural audio has no existing standard on a Red Book CD; thus, mono source material is usually presented as two identical channels in a standard Red Book stereo track (i.e., mirrored mono); an MP3 CD, however, can have audio file formats with mono sound.


Premise: What was Whitehead's philosophy able to anticipate for the 21st century?

Hypothesis: Whitehead questioned western philosophy's most dearly held assumptions about how the universe works, but in doing so he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions.


Premise: Along with gas cooled reactors, what type of reactor doesn't use uranium-235?

Hypothesis: Isotope separation concentrates (enriches) the fissionable uranium-235 for nuclear weapons and most nuclear power plants, except for gas cooled reactors and pressurised heavy water reactors.


Premise: How many start-ups are associated with the Rubicon Center?

Hypothesis: Research institutes linked to the third level colleges in the city support the research and innovation capacity of the city and region.


Premise: What planet besides Neptune has a sideways rotation?

Hypothesis: Neptune also resembles Uranus in its magnetosphere, with a magnetic field strongly tilted relative to its rotational axis at 47° and offset at least 0.55 radii, or about 13500 km from the planet's physical centre.


Premise: What was Zhu Yousong's title?

Hypothesis: His short reign was described by later historians as the first reign of the so-called Southern Ming dynasty.


Premise: When was McVeigh executed?

Hypothesis: McVeigh's army buddy, Michael Fortier, was sentenced to 12 years in federal prison and ordered to pay a $75,000 fine for his role in the bombing plot (i.e. assisting in the sale of guns to raise funds for the bombing, and examining the Murrah Federal building as a possible target before the terrorist attack).


Premise: How much was Madonna's nude photos were finally sold for?

Hypothesis: She had posed for the photographs as she needed money at the time, and was paid as little as $25 a session.


Premise: Where did Libya manufacture mustard gas?

Hypothesis: In 1987, Libya began production of mustard gas at a facility in Rabta, although publicly denying it was stockpiling chemical weapons, and unsuccessfully attempted to develop nuclear weapons.


Premise: What laws created in 1990s impacted culture?

Hypothesis: As a result, by the late 1990s parliamentary politics had become virtually irrelevant and alternative avenues for political expression were curtailed as well.


Premise: Into how many characteristics are the factors of wood combined?

Hypothesis: Wood density is determined by multiple growth and physiological factors compounded into “one fairly easily measured wood characteristic”


Premise: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston oversees what kind of schools?

Hypothesis: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston Office of Education also operates out of the city and oversees several K-8 parochial schools, such as Blessed Sacrament School, Christ Our King School, Charleston Catholic School, Nativity School, and Divine Redeemer School, all of which are "feeder" schools into Bishop England High School, a diocesan high school within the city.


Premise: In regards to economics, Lionel Robbins believe English-speaking academics had what?

Hypothesis: Eager to promote alternatives to what he regarded as the narrow approach of the school of economic thought that then dominated the English-speaking academic world (centred at the University of Cambridge and deriving largely from the work of Alfred Marshall), Robbins invited Hayek to join the faculty at LSE, which he did in 1931.


Premise: What other means of pay when purchasing items may have been in place?

Hypothesis: Demand for luxury goods fostered production of expensive jewelry and religious wares, allowing their export, and an advanced credit and money-lending system may have also been in place.


Premise: What is considered the most important work of Islamic architecture?

Hypothesis: Encompasses both secular and religious styles, the design and style made by Muslims and their construction of buildings and structures in Islamic culture included the architectural types: the Mosque, the Tomb, the Palace and the Fort.


Premise: What year was Nasser born?

Hypothesis: Nasser's father was a postal worker born in Beni Mur in Upper Egypt and raised in Alexandria, and his mother's family came from Mallawi, el-Minya.


Premise: What type of system used ceramic water pipes?

Hypothesis: These pillars feature artistic imitations of wooden and ceramic building components such as roof tiles, eaves, and balustrades.


Premise: What used most of Fighter Command's resources?

Hypothesis: The heavy fighting in the Battle of Britain had eaten up most of Fighter Command's resources, so there was little investment in night fighting.


Premise: How many gallons of liquid cleaning agent leaked from an IBM facility in 1979?

Hypothesis: IBM used liquid cleaning agents in circuit board assembly operation for more than two decades, and six spills and leaks were recorded, including one leak in 1979 of 4,100 gallons from an underground tank.


Premise: Booting a tool or another operating system from a CD Rom can bypass what?

Hypothesis: Even when the system is protected by standard security measures, these may be able to be by passed by booting another operating system or tool from a CD-ROM or other bootable media.


Premise: When was Mexico City declared the capital?

Hypothesis: Due in large part to the persuasion of representative Servando Teresa de Mier, Mexico City was chosen because it was the center of the country's population and history, even though Querétaro was closer to the center geographically.


Premise: Around when were the first opaque glazes developed?

Hypothesis: The first Islamic opaque glazes can be found as blue-painted ware in Basra, dating to around the 8th century.


Premise: When were the Hostellers of London were granted guild status?

Hypothesis: A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel.


Premise: What is the process in which plants convert solar energy into stored energy called?

Hypothesis: Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere.


Premise: What piece of Chopin's work was dedicated to Schumann?

Hypothesis: Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works.


Premise: What company did this partnership purchase?

Hypothesis: In 1963, Ralph J. Roberts in conjunction with his two business partners, Daniel Aaron and Julian A. Brodsky, purchased American Cable Systems as a corporate spin-off from its parent, Jerrold Electronics, for US $500,000.


Premise: How many parts comprise the body of an insect?

Hypothesis: Insects (from Latin insectum, a calque of Greek ἔντομον [éntomon], "cut into sections") are a class of invertebrates within the arthropod phylum that have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae.


Premise: What caused the wide sex ratio gap in Thuringia?

Hypothesis: Overall, there are 115 to 120 men per 100 women in the 25–40 age group ("family founders") which has negative consequences for the birth ratio.


Premise: What sort of route does data follow?

Hypothesis: A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible.[citation needed]


Premise: In what year did the Pavilion open?

Hypothesis: The Sidney Myer Music Bowl, which dates from 1955, is located in the gardens of Kings Domain; and the Palais Theatre is a feature of the St Kilda Beach foreshore.


Premise: Along with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, what state joined Russia to form the Soviet Union?

Hypothesis: On December 30, 1922, the First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR approved the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR, by which Russia was united with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, and Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic into a single federal state, the Soviet Union.


Premise: When did youtube launch its first app for the iPhone?

Hypothesis: In September 2012, YouTube launched its first app for the iPhone, following the decision to drop YouTube as one of the preloaded apps in the iPhone 5 and iOS 6 operating system.


Premise: Immunology studies the functioning of the immune system in which two states of being?

Hypothesis: It charts, measures, and contextualizes the: physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and diseases; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (such as autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, and transplant rejection); the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo.


Premise: What higher-level is constantly up for debate and research?

Hypothesis: The higher-level phylogeny of the arthropods continues to be a matter of debate and research.


Premise: What was an example of a battle that might lend itself to a pub name?

Hypothesis: Other subjects that lent themselves to visual depiction included the name of battles (e.g. Trafalgar), explorers, local notables, discoveries, sporting heroes and members of the royal family.


Premise: What was Luis Suarez's transfer fee in 2014?

Hypothesis: Prior to the start of the first Premier League season Alan Shearer became the first British player to command a transfer fee of more than £3 million.


Premise: How many television control rooms is BYU Broadcasting Technical Operations Center home to?

Hypothesis: The BYU Broadcasting Technical Operations Center is an HD production and distribution facility that is home to local PBS affiliate KBYU-TV, local classical music station KBYU-FM Classical 89, BYU Radio, BYU Radio Instrumental, BYU Radio International, BYUtv and BYU Television International with content in Spanish and Portuguese (both available via terrestrial, satellite, and internet signals).


Premise: What set of mountains in the range have a different geological history?

Hypothesis: A common variant definition does not include the Adirondack Mountains, which geologically belong to the Grenville Orogeny and have a different geological history from the rest of the Appalachians.


Premise: In what area of Somalia can one find the tombs decorated with plants?

Hypothesis: Somali art is characterized by its aniconism, partly as a result of the vestigial influence of the pre-Islamic mythology of the Somalis coupled with their ubiquitous Muslim beliefs.


Premise: What fungus grows from gold mining solution?

Hypothesis: The ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associated with Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in copper metalliferous soils.


Premise: What other type of countries has gumbe been kept out of?

Hypothesis: However, civil unrest and other factors have combined over the years to keep gumbe, and other genres, out of mainstream audiences, even in generally syncretist African countries.


Premise: What effect did the way the taxes were charged have on it's revenue.

Hypothesis: Taxes on the peasantry were set at fixed amounts which did not account for inflation or other changes in monetary value.


Premise: Besides the French and Swedish, who else occupied the island?

Hypothesis: Also on display are the ancestral costumes, antique tools, models of Creole houses and ancient fishing boats.


Premise: Where did Chopin debut after completing his studies?

Hypothesis: He gave two piano concerts and received many favourable reviews—in addition to some commenting (in Chopin's own words) that he was "too delicate for those accustomed to the piano-bashing of local artists".


Premise: What new footage did Columbia require for a Close Encounters revisit?

Hypothesis: For this, Spielberg fixed some of the flaws he thought impeded the original 1977 version of the film and also, at the behest of Columbia, and as a condition of Spielberg revising the film, shot additional footage showing the audience the interior of the mothership seen at the end of the film (a decision Spielberg would later regret as he felt the interior of the mothership should have remained a mystery).


Premise: What did Morning find when he looked at biology textbooks during the 1952-2002 period?

Hypothesis: The study argues that the textbooks' fundamental message about the existence of races has changed little.


Premise: How did Dominic inspire his followers?

Hypothesis: Dominic inspired his followers with loyalty to learning and virtue, a deep recognition of the spiritual power of worldly deprivation and the religious state, and a highly developed governmental structure.


Premise: What is Ajima the deity of?

Hypothesis: At the northern entrance where visitors must pass is a shrine dedicated to Ajima, the goddess of smallpox.


Premise: Who is the investment bank that was feared to collapse in March 2008 and was sold in a fire-sale to JP Morgan Chase?

Hypothesis: Concerns that investment bank Bear Stearns would collapse in March 2008 resulted in its fire-sale to JP Morgan Chase.


Premise: What type of defense did plants adaptively evolve in response to insects?

Hypothesis: Plants evolved chemical defenses against this herbivory and the insects, in turn, evolved mechanisms to deal with plant toxins.


Premise: In which state do the greatest percentage of Tennessee tourists reside?

Hypothesis: In 2013 tourism within the state from local citizens accounted for 39.9% of tourists, the second highest originating location for tourists to Tennessee is the state of Georgia, accounting for 8.4% of tourists.:17 Forty-four percent of stays in the state


Premise: What did traditional Native American music center around?

Hypothesis: Native American music in North America is almost entirely monophonic, but there are notable exceptions.


Premise: Policymakers believe tax incentives, market commitments, and what third incentive will speed up vaccine development?

Hypothesis: Among these, the Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation received a gift of more than $280 million (US) from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to develop and license an improved vaccine against tuberculosis for use in high burden countries.


Premise: What was the name of the first urban landscaped park in the United States?

Hypothesis: Several prominent American literary figures lived in New York during the 1830s and 1840s, including William Cullen Bryant, Washington Irving, Herman Melville, Rufus Wilmot Griswold, John Keese, Nathaniel Parker Willis, and Edgar Allan Poe.


Premise: What have the authorities produced in response to these requests?

Hypothesis: There has been some concern over the potential adverse environmental and ecosystem effects caused by the influx of visitors.


Premise: Which barbarians were depicted in heroic form?

Hypothesis: Even barbarians, such as the Galatians, were depicted in heroic form, prefiguring the artistic theme of the noble savage.


Premise: How was the Planck constant calculated in the early 20th century?

Hypothesis: Five other measurements by three different methods were initially considered, but not included in the final refinement as they were too imprecise to affect the result.


Premise: What was the first foreign ruling dynasty of Egypt?

Hypothesis: A second period of disunity heralded the arrival of the first foreign ruling dynasty in Egypt, that of the Semitic Hyksos.


Premise: What was the name of the dog who lived to be 29.5 years?

Hypothesis: The dog widely reported to be the longest-lived is "Bluey", who died in 1939 and was claimed to be 29.5 years old at the time of his death.


Premise: In what year did Schwarzenegger and Maria Shriver separate?

Hypothesis: After separating from his wife, Maria Shriver, in 2011, it has been estimated that his net worth has been approximately $400 million, and even as high as $800 million, based on tax returns he filed in 2006.


Premise: What is the permutation when a person commits to identity choices?

Hypothesis: When assigned categories, four possible permutations result: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement.


Premise: What were the names of the border territories assigned to the United Provinces?

Hypothesis: They were Staats-Brabant (present North Brabant), Staats-Vlaanderen (present Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Staats-Limburg (around Maastricht) and Staats-Oppergelre (around Venlo, after 1715).


Premise: Who was the IBM ceo in November 2008?

Hypothesis: On November 2008, IBM’s CEO, Sam Palmisano, during a speech at the Council on Foreign Relations, outlined a new agenda for building a Smarter Planet.


Premise: What war saw tensions arise between between Imperial Japan and the United States?

Hypothesis: With the occupation of French Indochina in the years of 1940–41, and with the continuing war in China, the United States placed embargoes on Japan of strategic materials such as scrap metal and oil, which were vitally needed for the war effort.


Premise: What is the tallest Appalachian mountain in Virginia?

Hypothesis: South of the Roanoke River, along the Blue Ridge, are Virginia's highest peaks including Whitetop Mountain 5,520 ft (1,680 m) and Mount Rogers 5,729 ft (1,746 m), the highest point in the Commonwealth.


Premise: What sport do the New York Rangers play?

Hypothesis: The New York Islanders and the New York Rangers represent the city in the National Hockey League.


Premise: How much of Apple's revenue was generated by iPod purchases in Q2 of 2007?

Hypothesis: In April 2007, Apple reported second quarter revenue of US$5.2 billion, of which 32% was made from iPod sales.


Premise: What is the biggest conglomeration of start-up companies in Cork?

Hypothesis: In CIT, The Rubicon Centre is a business innovation hub that is home to 57 knowledge based start-up companies.


Premise: When he was 35 Gautama sat in meditation under what tree?

Hypothesis: At the age of 35, he famously sat in meditation under a Ficus religiosa tree now called the Bodhi Tree in the town of Bodh Gaya and vowed not to rise before achieving enlightenment.


Premise: What type of events saved the twins of Roman myth?

Hypothesis: She gave birth to twins, who were duly exposed by order of the king but saved through a series of miraculous events.


Premise: Where is South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust headquartered?

Hypothesis: Plymouth is served by Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust and the city's NHS hospital is Derriford Hospital 4 miles (6 km) north of the city centre.


Premise: What literary movement in the 1700s recalled the fantastical literature of medieval times?

Hypothesis: The inevitable reaction was the explosion of Romanticism in the later 18th century which reclaimed the imaginative and fantastical bias of old romances and folk-literature and asserted the primacy of individual experience and emotion.


Premise: What river seperates Boston from Charlestown?

Hypothesis: The Mystic River separates Charlestown from Chelsea and Everett, and Chelsea Creek and Boston Harbor separate East Boston from Boston proper.


Premise: Which university is the third-largest in the state?

Hypothesis: The third-largest university in the state, the University of Central Oklahoma, is located just north of the city in the suburb of Edmond.


Premise: What did Victoria think of Lady Flora?

Hypothesis: At the start of her reign Victoria was popular, but her reputation suffered in an 1839 court intrigue when one of her mother's ladies-in-waiting, Lady Flora Hastings, developed an abdominal growth that was widely rumoured to be an out-of-wedlock pregnancy by Sir John Conroy.


Premise: At which college did Feyman turn down a job?

Hypothesis: After the war, Feynman declined an offer from the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, despite the presence there of such distinguished faculty members as Albert Einstein, Kurt Gödel and John von Neumann.


Premise: Which Germanic originating language densely acquired aspects from Latin?

Hypothesis: Although English is Germanic rather than Roman in origin, English borrows heavily from Latin and Latin-derived words.[citation needed]


Premise: When was the last satellite for the BeiDou-1 system launched?

Hypothesis: The second satellite, BeiDou-1B, was successfully launched on December 21, 2000.


Premise: Whose idea was it to run Apple Lisa's graphical programs on the Macintosh?

Hypothesis: By December 1980, Smith had succeeded in designing a board that not only used the 68000, but increased its speed from 5 MHz to 8 MHz; this board also had the capacity to support a 384×256-pixel display.


Premise: What is the name of the village 9 miles north of Calafat where the Ottoman forces attacked the Russians?

Hypothesis: Most of the heavy fighting, however, took place in and around Chetatea until the Russians were driven out of the village.


Premise: Which environmental preserve in Hyderabad is known to be a home for migratory birds?

Hypothesis: Hyderabad's other environmental reserves are: Kotla Vijayabhaskara Reddy Botanical Gardens, Shamirpet Lake, Hussain Sagar, Fox Sagar Lake, Mir Alam Tank and Patancheru Lake, which is home to regional birds and attracts seasonal migratory birds from different parts of the world.


Premise: In which year did Popper win the Karl Renner Prize?

Hypothesis: Other awards and recognition for Popper included the City of Vienna Prize for the Humanities (1965), Karl Renner Prize (1978), Austrian Decoration for Science and Art (1980), Dr. Leopold Lucas Prize (1981), Ring of Honour of the City of Vienna (1983) and the Premio Internazionale of the Italian Federico Nietzsche Society (1988).


Premise: What was the pejorative label for those that rejected Mahayana sutras?

Hypothesis: " These texts were apparently not universally accepted among Indian Buddhists when they appeared; the pejorative label Hinayana was applied by Mahayana supporters to those who rejected the Mahayana sutras.


Premise: What type of area is Sichuan?

Hypothesis: An article in Science suggested that the construction and filling of the Zipingpu Dam may have triggered the earthquake.


Premise: How did people come into possession of MP3s?

Hypothesis: The small size of MP3 files enabled widespread peer-to-peer file sharing of music ripped from CDs, which would have previously been nearly impossible.


Premise: What types of sites were built for the deceased?

Hypothesis: Elaborate tombs were built for the dead.


Premise: What is in Summerhaven?

Hypothesis: Near the top of Mt. Lemmon is the town of Summerhaven.


Premise: What is database storage?

Hypothesis: Putting data into permanent storage is generally the responsibility of the database engine a.k.a. "storage engine".


Premise: What was the full price of Eton per student in 2010-2011?

Hypothesis: It was calculated by the late David Jewell, former Master of Haileybury, that in 1992 such tax breaks saved the School about £1,945 per pupil per year, although he had no direct connection with the School.


Premise: Who believes that the Soviet Unions was afraid of Germany?

Hypothesis: Historian Werner Maser stated that "the claim that the Soviet Union was at the time threatened by Hitler, as Stalin supposed ... is a legend, to whose creators Stalin himself belonged.


Premise: How much more mass does Neptune have compared to Earth?

Hypothesis: Neptune's mass of 1.0243×1026 kg, is intermediate between Earth and the larger gas giants: it is 17 times that of Earth but just 1/19th that of Jupiter.[d]


Premise: What was legitimate knowledge no longer defined by?

Hypothesis: It had come to include virtually any intellectual production anywhere in the world.


Premise: How many girls were in the top 10 on season 12 of American Idol?

Hypothesis: For the first time in the show's history, the top 5 contestants were all female.


Premise: Along with Arabia and Ethiopia, what land has songs that sound similar to those of Somalia?

Hypothesis: At first listen, Somali music might be mistaken for the sounds of nearby regions such as Ethiopia, Sudan or Arabia, but it is ultimately recognizable by its own unique tunes and styles.


Premise: Who made accusations of treason against Dou Wu?

Hypothesis: He and his troops confronted Dou Wu and his retainers at the palace gate where each side shouted accusations of treason against the other.


Premise: How many basic emotions did Ekman recognize?

Hypothesis: Ekman's most influential work revolved around the finding that certain emotions appeared to be universally recognized, even in cultures that were preliterate and could not have learned associations for facial expressions through media.


Premise: By 2009, by how much had the rate of HIV infection decreased?

Hypothesis: Drug use among 16- to 18-year-olds also declined, however the use of marijuana rose only slightly among that age group.


Premise: How many BDS-3 satellites have been launched?

Hypothesis: As of March 2016, 4 BDS-3 in-orbit validation satellites have been launched.


Premise: Chopin gave a yearly performance where?

Hypothesis: The musicologist Arthur Hedley has observed that "As a pianist Chopin was unique in acquiring a reputation of the highest order on the basis of a minimum of public appearances—few more than thirty in the course of his lifetime.


Premise: How many Native American languages are used in Oklahoma?

Hypothesis: Fifth is Vietnamese, spoken by 11,330 people, or about 0.4% of the population, many of whom live in the Asia District of Oklahoma City.


Premise: Previous to 1725, what subject matter was focused on by the concours academiques?

Hypothesis: The subject matter had previously been generally religious and/or monarchical, featuring essays, poetry, and painting.


Premise: To whom was John B. Kroc married?

Hypothesis: The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame is dedicated to research, education and outreach on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace.


Premise: What treaty did Nasser object to?

Hypothesis: Despite it having the almost unanimous backing of Egypt's political forces, Nasser strongly objected to the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty because it stipulated the continued presence of British military bases in the country.


Premise: Near what village were the 93rd Highlanders posted at?

Hypothesis: At the start of the battle, a large body of Russian cavalry charged the 93rd Highlanders, who were posted north of the village of Kadikoi.


Premise: What were the two turbo controllers Nintendo made for the NES?

Hypothesis: Nintendo also made two turbo controllers for the NES called NES Advantage and the NES Max.


Premise: What does the manner of DNA storage on the histone and the chemical modifications of the histone itself regulate?

Hypothesis: The manner in which DNA is stored on the histones, as well as chemical modifications of the histone itself, regulate whether a particular region of DNA is accessible for gene expression.


Premise: What year was it restituted to France?

Hypothesis: In 1919, following the Treaty of Versailles, the city was restituted to France in accordance with U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's "Fourteen Points" without a referendum.


Premise: How much energy in exajoules does photosynthesis capture each year?

Hypothesis: The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year.


Premise: Which league has the highest average attendance in professional football?

Hypothesis: In the 2014–15 season, the average Premier League match attendance exceeded 36,000, second highest of any professional football league behind the Bundesliga's 43,500.


Premise: In which year was Vimara Peres knighted?

Hypothesis: The three kingdoms were eventually reunited in 924 (León and Galicia in 914, Asturias later) under the crown of León.


Premise: What did the Celtic tribes mine?

Hypothesis: Among the many substances Celtic tribes mined was salt in areas such as Salzburg in Austria where evidence of the Hallstatt culture was found by a mine manager in the 19th century.


Premise: Who popularized the term Serbo-Croatian?

Hypothesis: As such, the term Serbo-Croatian was first used by Jacob Grimm in 1824, popularized by the Vienna philologist Jernej Kopitar in the following decades, and accepted by Croatian Zagreb grammarians in 1854 and 1859.


Premise: How many people demonstrated?

Hypothesis: The demonstration was led by Armenian writers such as Silva Kaputikian, Zori Balayan, and Maro Margarian and leaders from the National Survival organization.


Premise: What wasn't racial identity governed by in Brazil?

Hypothesis: A Brazilian child was never automatically identified with the racial type of one or both parents, nor were there only a very limited number of categories to choose from, to the extent that full siblings can pertain to different racial groups.


Premise: What percentage of the Permanent Fund is divided betwen Alaska's eligible residents?

Hypothesis: Every year, the state legislature takes out 8% from the earnings, puts 3% back into the principal for inflation proofing, and the remaining 5% is distributed to all qualifying Alaskans.


Premise: Who was the Foreign Minister who said he was okay with protests as long as they were peaceful?

Hypothesis: Australian authorities stated that such a request, if it were to be made, would be refused.


Premise: What is something on a car that sometimes is made of alloy?

Hypothesis: For example, automobile wheels made of an aluminium alloy are commonly referred to as simply "alloy wheels", although in point of fact steels and most other metals in practical use are also alloys.


Premise: Which two of the six most populous Tennessee cities are nearest the Great Smoky Mountains?

Hypothesis: Memphis has the largest population of any city in the state.


Premise: Which two countries experienced peasant uprisings?

Hypothesis: France and England experienced serious peasant uprisings, such as the Jacquerie and the Peasants' Revolt, as well as over a century of intermittent conflict in the Hundred Years' War.


Premise: What was found under the Basilica of Saint-Quentin?

Hypothesis: This could also be the case with the early 9th century mosaic found under the Basilica of Saint-Quentin in Picardy, where antique motifs are copied but using only simple colors.


Premise: In what year was the slogan "We Bring Good Things to Life" first used?

Hypothesis: The standard requires many headlines to be lowercased and adds visual "white space" to documents and advertising.


Premise: Where is Southern Hills Country Club?

Hypothesis: Regular LPGA tournaments are held at Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa, and major championships for the PGA or LPGA have been played at Southern Hills Country Club in Tulsa, Oak Tree Country Club in Oklahoma City, and Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa.


Premise: What did Apple's creation of too many similar models do to potential buyers?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, Apple had created too many similar models that confused potential buyers.


Premise: What did KF disprove during this study?

Hypothesis: In a study by Zlonoga and Gerber (1986), patient 'KF' demonstrated certain deviations from the Atkinson–Shiffrin model.


Premise: Up to how many former slaves began fighting with for the Union after the Emancipation Proclamation?

Hypothesis: Thousands of former slaves ended up fighting on the Union side, nearly 200,000 in total across the South.


Premise: What body made the declaration of who won the presidency?

Hypothesis: In that action, he toppled the government of Luís Cabral.


Premise: What was Kanye convicted for after his paparazzi attack?

Hypothesis: Then he allegedly charged the man and grabbed him and his camera.


Premise: Booting a tool or another operating system from a CD Rom can bypass what?

Hypothesis: An unauthorized user gaining physical access to a computer is most likely able to directly download data from it.


Premise: Which river serves as drainage for the southwest plain of the Congo?

Hypothesis: Forests are under increasing exploitation pressure.


Premise: From the '50s to the '80s, was the field's focus devoted to describing patterns of behavior or explaining them?

Hypothesis: From the '50s until the '80s, the focus of the field was mainly on describing patterns of behavior as opposed to explaining them.


Premise: What type of paper can Photo CD images be produced on?

Hypothesis: This format is not to be confused with Kodak Picture CD, which is a consumer product in CD-ROM format.


Premise: Who recorded the song "Listen To Your Heart"?

Hypothesis: A popular trend in this era was remixing dance music hits into adult contemporary ballads, especially in the US, (for example, the "Candlelight Mix" versions of "Heaven" by DJ Sammy, "Listen To Your Heart" by D.H.T., and "Everytime We Touch" by Cascada).


Premise: Which section specifically states that receipts for public money must be published?

Hypothesis: The Constitution provides that "a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time".


Premise: What bachelor's degree is offered at NU-Q through the Medill School of Journalism?

Hypothesis: Through the Medill School of Journalism and School of Communication, NU-Q offers bachelor's degrees in journalism and communication respectively.


Premise: What empire took over parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan in 720?

Hypothesis: After conquering Persia, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate incorporated parts of what are now Afghanistan and Pakistan around 720.


Premise: How many housing units were there for the 2010 census?

Hypothesis: There were 256,930 housing units at an average density of 375.9 per square mile (145.1/km²).


Premise: When did Kanye West annouce his Pastelle Clothing line?

Hypothesis: In January 2009, West introduced his first shoe line designed for Louis Vuitton during Paris Fashion Week.


Premise: Which song did Bowersox cover for her first release?

Hypothesis: No new song was used as coronation song this year; instead, the two finalists each released a cover song – DeWyze chose U2's "Beautiful Day", and Bowersox chose Patty Griffin's "Up to the Mountain".


Premise: What are KUOW and KPLU radio stations?

Hypothesis: Non-commercial radio stations include NPR affiliates KUOW-FM 94.9 and KPLU-FM 88.5 (Tacoma), as well as classical music station KING-FM 98.1.


Premise: How does McTaggart believe minds relate to one another?

Hypothesis: Why should a Hegelian citizen be surprised that his belief as to the organic nature of the Absolute does not help him in deciding how to vote?


Premise: How many colleges compete at the Division 1 level in North Carolina?

Hypothesis: College sports are also popular in North Carolina, with 18 schools competing at the Division I level.


Premise: What island in the Norfolk Island Group is home to breeding seabirds?

Hypothesis: The providence petrel was hunted to local extinction by the beginning of the 19th century, but has shown signs of returning to breed on Phillip Island.


Premise: What Rights do the Declaration of Independence consider unalienable?

Hypothesis: As all persons were created equally free, all governments needed "the consent of the governed."


Premise: What will you be matching with the  receiving antenna's polarization?

Hypothesis: For radio waves, one important reflector is the ionosphere which can change the wave's polarization.


Premise: What are ways that small social groups can force morality?

Hypothesis: In small groups, morality can be enforced by social forces such as gossip or reputation.


Premise: What did Alonso de Salazar call the island that he saw?

Hypothesis: Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar was the first European to see the islands in 1526, commanding the ship Santa Maria de la Victoria, the only surviving vessel of the Loaísa Expedition.


Premise: Is the name more ancient than other group names in the area ?

Hypothesis: It seems that the myth was invented when the Greek tribes started to separate from each other in certain areas of Greece and it indicates their common origin.


Premise: Which method is at fault or the discrepancy?

Hypothesis: for the time being there is no indication which method is at fault.


Premise: What nation is on the north, east, and western borders of Swaziland?

Hypothesis: Swaziland is located at approximately 26°30'S, 31°30'E. Swaziland has a wide variety of landscapes, from the mountains along the Mozambican border to savannas in the east and rain forest in the northwest.


Premise: By coping the Arsenal team kit exactly, what nickname was given to Sporting Clube de Braga?

Hypothesis: Arsenal's home colours have been the inspiration for at least three other clubs.


Premise: The Rodo Park and the Estadio Gran Parque Central serves as poles of what?

Hypothesis: In that decade the city expanded quickly: new neighbourhoods were created and many separate settlements were annexed to the city, among which were the Villa del Cerro, Pocitos, the Prado and Villa Colón.


Premise: What tribe did Gaddafi belong to?

Hypothesis: Although nearby nations like Syria also used hit squads, Gaddafi was unusual in publicly bragging about his administration's use of them; in June 1980, he ordered all dissidents to return home or be "liquidated wherever you are."


Premise: Birds live on how many continents?

Hypothesis: Birds live and breed in most terrestrial habitats and on all seven continents, reaching their southern extreme in the snow petrel's breeding colonies up to 440 kilometres (270 mi) inland in Antarctica.


Premise: How many dimensions did Melzack and Casey describe pain in terms of?

Hypothesis: In 1968 Ronald Melzack and Kenneth Casey described pain in terms of its three dimensions: "sensory-discriminative" (sense of the intensity, location, quality and duration of the pain), "affective-motivational" (unpleasantness and urge to escape the unpleasantness), and "cognitive-evaluative" (cognitions such as appraisal, cultural values, distraction and hypnotic suggestion).


Premise: What is the name of a popular arcade located within the Hoddle Grid?

Hypothesis: Office, commercial and public developments in the adjoining districts of Southbank and Docklands have made these redeveloped areas into extensions of the CBD in all but name.


Premise: What publication promoted Pope Paul VI's views on abortion?

Hypothesis: His positions on birth control, promulgated most famously in the 1968 encyclical Humanae vitae, and other political issues, were often controversial, especially in Western Europe and North America.


Premise: What king died in 1833?

Hypothesis: After the death of the king Ferdinand VII, in 1833, only Cuba and Puerto Rico remained under Spanish rule, until the Spanish–American War in 1898.


Premise: Who had a large impact on the Renaissance?

Hypothesis: With the Turkish conquest, many Byzantine Greek scholars, who up until then were largely responsible for preserving Classical Greek knowledge, fled to the West, taking with them a large body of literature and thereby significantly contributing to the Renaissance.


Premise: What does the standard of ISO 12232:2006 specify?

Hypothesis: The ISO standard ISO 12232:2006 gives digital still camera manufacturers a choice of five different techniques for determining the exposure index rating at each sensitivity setting provided by a particular camera model.


Premise: Where was the central location of the Muayan Empire?

Hypothesis: It "was the area of the earliest known cultivation of rice in South Asia and by 1800 BC was the location of an advanced neolithic population associated with the sites of Chirand and Chechar".


Premise: When was the Royal Manchester College of Music founded?

Hypothesis: The Royal Manchester College of Music was founded in 1893 to provide a northern counterpart to the London musical colleges.


Premise: Who wrote about the Slavs in Byzantine Greek in the 6th century?

Hypothesis: The oldest documents written in Old Church Slavonic and dating from the 9th century attest Словѣне Slověne to describe the Slavs.


Premise: What covers crimes of human against human?

Hypothesis: Although the American Law Institute has attempted to standardize tort law through the development of several versions of the Restatement of Torts, many states have chosen to adopt only certain sections of the Restatements and to reject others.


Premise: What type of farmers inhabited eastern Tennessee in the late 19th century?

Hypothesis: The eastern section was made up of yeoman farmers, but Middle and West Tennessee cultivated crops, such as tobacco and cotton, that were dependent on the use of slave labor.


Premise: What did Eastern Nigeria want to call itself as an independent nation?

Hypothesis: In May 1967, the Eastern Region declared independence as a state called the Republic of Biafra, under the leadership of Lt.


Premise: What is the pramanas for perception?

Hypothesis: For example, the Cārvāka nāstika philosophy holds that only one (perception) is an epistemically reliable means of knowledge, the Samkhya school holds three are (perception, inference and testimony), while the Mīmāṃsā and Advaita schools hold all six are epistemically useful and reliable means to knowledge.


Premise: How many total Emmy Awards has American Idol won?

Hypothesis: American Idol was nominated for the Emmy's Outstanding Reality Competition Program for nine years but never won.


Premise: Typically, what is the capital ship of any fleet?

Hypothesis: An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft.


Premise: Who published the Royal Titles Act of 1876?

Hypothesis: He also pushed the Royal Titles Act 1876 through Parliament, so that Victoria took the title "Empress of India" from 1 May 1876.


Premise: Who was editor of The Sun in the 1980s?

Hypothesis: As Kelvin MacKenzie, editor of The Sun, told his staff: "Give me a Sunday for Monday splash on the Royals.


Premise: The Urums are known to speak what dialect?

Hypothesis: Near the northern Greek borders there are also some Slavic–speaking groups, locally known as Slavomacedonian-speaking, most of whose members identify ethnically as Greeks.


Premise: At what point did the Mesozoic era begin?

Hypothesis: Overall, however, the Earth was hotter than it is today. Non-avian dinosaurs appeared in the Late Triassic and became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates early in the Jurassic, occupying this position for about 135 million years until their demise at the end of the Cretaceous.


Premise: Rotation matrix groups are utilized in computer graphics with what concept?

Hypothesis: It describes all possible rotations in n dimensions.


Premise: Which two topics did Bush remain steadfast on, during his campaign?

Hypothesis: During the convention and throughout the campaign, Bush focused on two themes: defending America against terrorism and building an ownership society.


Premise: How many members are in Greece's parliament?

Hypothesis: Parliamentary elections are held every four years, but the President of the Republic is obliged to dissolve the Parliament earlier on the proposal of the Cabinet, in view of dealing with a national issue of exceptional importance.


Premise: Interstate 95 is also infamous for what exactly?

Hypothesis: I-95 is infamous for traffic jams increasing with proximity to New York City; on the east side of New Haven it passes over the Quinnipiac River via the Pearl Harbor Memorial, or "Q Bridge", which often presents a major bottleneck to traffic. I-91, however, is relatively less congested, except at the intersection with I-95 during peak travel times.


Premise: How many terms did Schwarzenegger serve as California's governor?

Hypothesis: Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (/ˈʃwɔːrtsənˌɛɡər/; German: [ˈaɐ̯nɔlt ˈalɔʏs ˈʃvaɐ̯tsn̩ˌɛɡɐ]; born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-American actor, filmmaker, businessman, investor, author, philanthropist, activist, former professional bodybuilder and politician.


Premise: What did Whitehead believe regarding factors that limit people's understanding of his concepts?

Hypothesis: Yet the limitations of everyday living and everyday speech should not prevent people from realizing that "material substances" or "essences" are a convenient generalized description of a continuum of particular, concrete processes.


Premise: what type of dance music was later introduced alongside American house music?

Hypothesis: The house scene in cities such as Birmingham, Leeds, Sheffield and London were also provided with many underground Pirate Radio stations and DJs alike which helped bolster an already contagious, but otherwise ignored by the mainstream, music genre.


Premise: In which year were minor amendments made to the Crown Office Order?

Hypothesis: Under the Royal Assent Act 1967, royal assent can be granted by the sovereign in writing, by means of letters patent, that are presented to the presiding officer of each house of parliament.


Premise: Which type of injection has caused patients to report they have pain but aren't bothered by it?

Hypothesis: Such patients report that they have pain but are not bothered by it; they recognize the sensation of pain but suffer little, or not at all.


Premise: In what areas were Han ships able to be sailed in part due to the stern rudder?

Hypothesis: Moreover, Han ships were the first in the world to be steered using a rudder at the stern, in contrast to the simpler steering oar used for riverine transport, allowing them to sail on the high seas.


Premise: What was the original intent of the phonautograph?

Hypothesis: Phonautograms of singing and speech made by Scott in 1860 were played back as sound for the first time in 2008.


Premise: What was built around Hakata Bay?

Hypothesis: Completed in 1277, this wall stretched for 20 kilometers around the border of the bay.


Premise: What does Oleg do to his horse?

Hypothesis: Oleg has the horse sequestered, and it later dies.


Premise: What company produces the show?

Hypothesis: The top 12 finalists originally included Mario Vazquez, but he dropped out citing 'personal reasons' and was replaced by Nikko Smith.


Premise: What is the result of the programmer making a mistake?

Hypothesis: A programmer makes an error (mistake), which results in a defect (fault, bug) in the software source code.


Premise: What year did Austria outlaw the death penalty?

Hypothesis: Pilz claimed that Schwarzenegger's actions in support of the death penalty (prohibited in Austria under Protocol 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights) had indeed done damage to Austria's reputation.


Premise: What business development did the British use to establish a hold on the global cotton market?

Hypothesis: Improving technology and increasing control of world markets allowed British traders to develop a commercial chain in which raw cotton fibers were (at first) purchased from colonial plantations, processed into cotton cloth in the mills of Lancashire, and then exported on British ships to captive colonial markets in West Africa, India, and China (via Shanghai and Hong Kong).


Premise: How many people visit the lexington Barbecue festival each year?

Hypothesis: There are strong regional differences and rivalries over the sauces and methods used in making the barbecue.


Premise: Man in Space Soonest was reestablished as what in November 26, 1958?

Hypothesis: After NASA's creation, the program was transferred over to the civilian agency and renamed Project Mercury on November 26, 1958.


Premise: What type of weapon is thought to have shot down the Red Baron?

Hypothesis: These short-range weapons proved more deadly, and the "Red Baron" is believed to have been shot down by an anti-aircraft Vickers machine gun.


Premise: What was NBC's parent company in 2009?

Hypothesis: However, CNBC itself reported on October 1 that General Electric was considering spinning NBCUniversal off into a separate company that would merge the NBC television network and its cable properties such as USA Network, Syfy and MSNBC with Comcast's content assets.


Premise: Hysteria and loss of control after the birts of many of her children were likely caused by what?

Hypothesis: Victoria may have suffered from post-natal depression after many of her pregnancies.


Premise: What  the profession of Gian Carlo Menotti?

Hypothesis: Spoleto Festival USA, held annually in late spring, has become one of the world's major performing arts festivals.


Premise: Where is Massachusetts General Hospital located?

Hypothesis: Prominent medical facilities, including Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital are located in the Beacon Hill area.


Premise: The Battle of Cowan's Ford was fought on the banks of what river?

Hypothesis: In the Battle of Cowan's Ford, Cornwallis met resistance along the banks of the Catawba River at Cowan's Ford on February 1, 1781, in an attempt to engage General Morgan's forces during a tactical withdrawal.


Premise: Where are some LEDs in machine vision systems found?

Hypothesis: LEDs constitute a nearly ideal light source for machine vision systems for several reasons:


Premise: When did the alpine crystals begin to be classified?

Hypothesis: In the 20th century Robert Parker wrote a well-known work about the rock crystals of the Swiss Alps; at the same period a commission was established to control and standardize the naming of Alpine minerals.


Premise: How many books were in the 1714 shipment to Yale?

Hypothesis: The 1714 shipment of 500 books represented the best of modern English literature, science, philosophy and theology.


Premise: How many albums did "Music" sell in the first 10 days?

Hypothesis: The Next Best Thing, and contributed two songs to the film's soundtrack; "Time Stood Still" and a cover of Don McLean's 1971 song "American Pie".


Premise: For which vocation did Popper complete his university examinations?

Hypothesis: In 1922, he did his matura by way of a second chance education and finally joined the University as an ordinary student.


Premise: Who produced an Oswald the Lucky Rabbit motion picture?

Hypothesis: After Charles Mintz had unsuccessfully demanded that Disney accept a lower fee for producing the property, Mintz produced the films with his own group of animators.


Premise: What resulted from Europe's exploration of the New World?

Hypothesis: European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, producing the Columbian Exchange.


Premise: Why have these recent immigrants had trouble becoming permanent residents?

Hypothesis: Unlike immigrants from British colonies in the West Indies, the latter immigrants have had greater difficulty in becoming permanent residents as they lacked British citizenship, mostly spoke no English, and required renewal of work permits to remain beyond an initial period.


Premise: The term "Near East" acquired considerable disrepute in whose eyes?

Hypothesis: In the last years of the 19th century the term "Near East" acquired considerable disrepute in eyes of the English-speaking public as did the Ottoman Empire itself.


Premise: What is merely "a matter of judgement"?

Hypothesis: In a response to Livingstone, Theodore Dobzhansky argued that when talking about race one must be attentive to how the term is being used: "I agree with Dr. Livingstone that if races have to be 'discrete units,' then there are no races, and if 'race' is used as an 'explanation' of the human variability, rather than vice versa, then the explanation is invalid.


Premise: How many meters is 6,096 feet?

Hypothesis: The Saleaula lava fields situated on the central north coast of Savai'i are the result of the Mt Matavanu eruptions which left 50 km² (20 sq mi) of solidified lava.


Premise: In what year was Cesar made pontifex maximus?

Hypothesis: In the middle Republican era, even Scipio's tentative hints that he might be Jupiter's special protege sat ill with his colleagues.


Premise: In what year did Arsenal first create a crest for the team?

Hypothesis: Unveiled in 1888, Royal Arsenal's first crest featured three cannon viewed from above, pointing northwards, similar to the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich (nowadays transferred to the coat of arms of the Royal Borough of Greenwich).


Premise: In how many places does the Qur'an give detailed accounts of Mary?

Hypothesis: It mentions how Mary was informed by an angel that she would become the mother of Jesus through the actions of God alone.


Premise: What is the largest mall in the carolinas?

Hypothesis: SouthPark Mall in Charlotte is currently the largest in the Carolinas, with almost 2.0 million square feet.


Premise: In what year did Emperor Wu begin a series of attacks in Xiongnu territories?

Hypothesis: However, a court conference the following year convinced the majority that a limited engagement at Mayi involving the assassination of the Chanyu would throw the Xiongnu realm into chaos and benefit the Han.


Premise: Who is the most popular Eritrean singing artist?

Hypothesis: The most popular Eritrean artist is the Tigrinya singer Helen Meles, who is noted for her powerful voice and wide singing range.


Premise: Of his published works, what topics were they covering?

Hypothesis: His last work, an unfinished manuscript written while in the hospital, was later published in book form as The Computer and the Brain.


Premise: What affluent family did Chopin gain a patronage from?

Hypothesis: He no longer depended financially upon his father, and in the winter of 1832 he began earning a handsome income from publishing his works and teaching piano to affluent students from all over Europe.


Premise: The Times used contributions from significant figures to build what?

Hypothesis: The Times used contributions from significant figures in the fields of politics, science, literature, and the arts to build its reputation.


Premise: What is harvested for use as fertilizer?

Hypothesis: About 120–130 species have become extinct due to human activity since the 17th century, and hundreds more before then.


Premise: What famous NY city landmark is made from copper?

Hypothesis: The uses of copper in art were not limited to currency: it was used by Renaissance sculptors, in photographic technology known as the daguerreotype, and the Statue of Liberty.


Premise: What cost is often regarded as marking the achievment of grid parity for PV?

Hypothesis: Some stakeholders still have the perspective that solar PV remains too costly on an unsubsidized basis to compete with conventional generation options.


Premise: Why did the one-party government struggle after the major earthquake in 1985?

Hypothesis: Although this earthquake was not as deadly or destructive as many similar events in Asia and other parts of Latin America, it proved to be a disaster politically for the one-party government.


Premise: Is a lectio brevrio or lectio difficilior approach more akin to the original text?

Hypothesis: Applying this principle leads to taking the more difficult (unharmonized) reading as being more likely to be the original.


Premise: What do 'to-min' mean?

Hypothesis: "In 1727 the to-min or 'idle people' of Cheh Kiang province (a Ningpo name still existing), the yoh-hu or 'music people' of Shanxi province, the si-min or 'small people' of Kiang Su (Jiangsu) province, and the Tanka people or 'egg-people' of Canton (to this day the boat population there), were all freed from their social disabilities, and allowed to count as free men."


Premise: Centrifugation and pressing are prime examples of what?

Hypothesis: Modern separation techniques such as milling, centrifugation, and pressing have enabled concentration of particular components of food, yielding flour, oils, juices, and so on, and even separate fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals.


Premise: Chemicals called neurotransmitters are released at what part of the brain?

Hypothesis: Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are released at synapses when an action potential activates them—neurotransmitters attach themselves to receptor molecules on the membrane of the synapse's target cell, and thereby alter the electrical or chemical properties of the receptor molecules.


Premise: In Czech, what type of words do the characters "q", "w" and "x" exclusively appear in?

Hypothesis: The characters q, w and x appear only in foreign words.