Premise: What level of the football league does Plymouth Argyle F.C. operate in?

Hypothesis: The city also has four Non-League football clubs; Plymouth Parkway F.C. who play at Bolitho Park, Elburton Villa F.C. who play at Haye Road, Vospers Oak Villa F.C. who play at Weston Mill and Plymstock United F.C. who play at Deans Cross.


Premise: When did she and Jay Z become the highest paid black celebrity couple?

Hypothesis: This in turn was the first time she had topped the Celebrity 100 list as well as being her highest yearly earnings to date.


Premise: What other people worked with von Neumann on target selection?

Hypothesis: Along with four other scientists and various military personnel, von Neumann was included in the target selection committee responsible for choosing the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as the first targets of the atomic bomb.


Premise: What sort of machine did Bell and Gray both try to patent at the same time?

Hypothesis: On February 14, 1876, Gray filed a caveat with the U.S. Patent Office for a telephone design that used a water transmitter.


Premise: Where did Kerry receive his Silver Star?

Hypothesis: Kerry's commanding officer, Lieutenant Commander George Elliott, stated to Douglas Brinkley in 2003 that he did not know whether to court-martial Kerry for beaching the boat without orders or give him a medal for saving the crew.


Premise: What is the size requirement for entry into the AG2R Race?

Hypothesis: It is a boat race with boats of 10 m length with a single hull and with essential safety equipment.


Premise: When was the Observer Corps formed?

Hypothesis: From the early 1930s eight countries developed radar, these developments were sufficiently advanced by the late 1930s for development work on sound locating acoustic devices to be generally halted, although equipment was retained.


Premise: What does IRC stand for?

Hypothesis: Available web browsers range in features from minimal, text-based user interfaces with bare-bones support for HTML to rich user interfaces supporting a wide variety of file formats and protocols.


Premise: What university awarded Lee an honorary doctorate in 2006?

Hypothesis: In 2006, Lee was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Notre Dame.


Premise: Who filled the judges spot vacated by Paula Abdul on season nine of American Idol?

Hypothesis: The upheaval at the judging panel continued.


Premise: What type of people did Kanye state had more power than Black people?

Hypothesis: People want to say Obama can't make these moves or he's not executing.


Premise: In what span did Universal produce westerns with Kirby Grant?

Hypothesis: By the early 1940s, the company was concentrating on lower-budget productions that were the company's main staple: westerns, melodramas, serials and sequels to the studio's horror pictures, the latter now solely B pictures.


Premise: Where do bar-tailed godwits migrate from

Hypothesis: Some bar-tailed godwits Limosa lapponica have the longest known non-stop flight of any migrant, flying 11,000 km from Alaska to their New Zealand non-breeding areas.


Premise: What theory did Hermann Weyl study in addition to locally compact groups?

Hypothesis: The theory of Lie groups, and more generally locally compact groups was studied by Hermann Weyl, Élie Cartan and many others.


Premise: What year did Kinnock call for a general election?

Hypothesis: "It's Time for a Change", urging voters to elect a new government after more than a decade of unbroken Conservative rule.


Premise: Who was the only host of American Idol after season one?

Hypothesis: The first season was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman.


Premise: Which court eunuch was associated with the papermaking process?

Hypothesis: The pulp papermaking process is said to have been developed in China during the early 2nd century AD, possibly as early as the year 105 A.D., by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although the earliest archaeological fragments of paper derive from the 2nd century BC in China.


Premise: What limits the feral dog population in Russia?

Hypothesis: Wolves in Russia apparently limit feral dog populations.


Premise: Which European government contributed the least to the UNFPA in 2008?

Hypothesis: According to its Annual Report for 2008, the UNFPA received its funding mainly from European Governments:


Premise: Which processes simply alter the consent given by parties to a previously valid treaty rather than invalidating the consent completely?

Hypothesis: A treaty will be invalidated due to either the circumstances by which a state party joined the treaty, or due to the content of the treaty itself.


Premise: What concept helps map and define people's experiences of self in society?

Hypothesis: As a non-directive and flexible analytical tool, the concept of boundaries helps both to map and to define the changeability and mutability that are characteristic of people's experiences of the self in society.


Premise: The Spanish crown wanted to turn the region into what type of industry?

Hypothesis: The conquest of the territory lasted nearly one century, and encountered fierce resistance from the Conchos tribe, but the desire of the Spanish Crown to transform the region into a bustling mining center led to a strong strategy to control the area.


Premise: What had Montini yet to become?

Hypothesis: He appointed him simultaneously to several Vatican congregations which resulted in many visits by Montini to Rome in the coming years.


Premise: Which region experiences the worst droughts in the US?

Hypothesis: The Southwest has the worst droughts; one is thought to have lasted over 500 years and to have hurt Ancestral Pueblo peoples.


Premise: What prolific composer and producer of musicals has been a major force in the West End theater district?

Hypothesis: The city is the home of Andrew Lloyd Webber, whose musicals have dominated the West End theatre since the late 20th century.


Premise: In what battle had the Fatah movement distinguished itself?

Hypothesis: In March, Nasser offered Yasser Arafat's Fatah movement arms and funds after their performance against Israeli forces in the Battle of Karameh that month.


Premise: Do grooves on records touch when stacked?

Hypothesis: When auto-changing turntables were commonplace, records were typically pressed with a raised (or ridged) outer edge and a raised label area, allowing records to be stacked onto each other without the delicate grooves coming into contact, reducing the risk of damage.


Premise: Some schools venerate certain texts as religious what?

Hypothesis: Buddhist scriptures and other texts exist in great variety.


Premise: A the economy and middle class expanded, what artistic profession had an increasing number of members?

Hypothesis: One manifestation of this involved women, who became more involved with music on a social level.


Premise: What are the origins of the word madrasa?

Hypothesis: In the West, the word usually refers to a specific type of religious school or college for the study of the Islamic religion, though this may not be the only subject studied.


Premise: What regulates dielectric dispersion?

Hypothesis: As an example of the origin of this mechanism, the internal microscopic dipoles contributing to the dielectric constant cannot move instantly, and so as frequency of an applied alternating voltage increases, the dipole response is limited and the dielectric constant diminishes.


Premise: What year were Dell's PC profits shrinking?

Hypothesis: Despite plans of expanding into other global regions and product segments, Dell was heavily dependent on U.S. corporate PC market, as desktop PCs sold to both commercial and corporate customers accounted for 32 percent of its revenue, 85 percent of its revenue comes from businesses, and Sixty-four percent of its revenue comes from North and South America, according to its 2006 third-quarter results.


Premise: When did Charles Taze Russell form a group?

Hypothesis: In 1870, Charles Taze Russell and others formed a group in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to study the Bible.


Premise: What was Eisenhower's position on the use of nuclear weapons against Japan?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower was convinced in 1946 that the Soviet Union did not want war and that friendly relations could be maintained; he strongly supported the new United Nations and favored its involvement in the control of atomic bombs.


Premise: Where are the most famed Carnival festivities?

Hypothesis: The most famed Carnival festivities are in Guaranda (Bolivar province) and Ambato (Tungurahua province).


Premise: What are mass parties?

Hypothesis: Socialist parties are examples of mass parties, while the British Conservative Party and the German Christian Democratic Union are examples of hybrid parties.


Premise: What concept was Frédéric credited with creating?

Hypothesis: Chopin invented the concept of instrumental ballade.


Premise: If a site prevents Internet Archive from recording it, what file is still saved?

Hypothesis: As a result, the Internet Archive has rendered unavailable a number of web sites that now are inaccessible through the Wayback Machine.


Premise: By what area is the Art institute in Santa Monica?

Hypothesis: Santa Monica College is a junior college originally founded in 1929.


Premise: When were Armenian churches built with center cupola cones?

Hypothesis: The early churches were mostly simple basilicas, but some with side apses.


Premise: ENIAC was constructed by whom?

Hypothesis: It combined the high speed of electronics with the ability to be programmed for many complex problems.


Premise: What is the problem facing the job market in Thuringia?

Hypothesis: This is a problem for the regional labour market, as there are twice as many people leaving as entering the job market annually.


Premise: Who thought the Luftwaffe could win?

Hypothesis: In the last days of the battle, the bombers became lures in an attempt to draw the RAF into combat with German fighters.


Premise: Aside from karyotype, what are other genomic traits studied by scientists?

Hypothesis: Genomes are more than the sum of an organism's genes and have traits that may be measured and studied without reference to the details of any particular genes and their products.


Premise: Whats the first year that Beyonce appear on the Time 100 list?

Hypothesis: In 2014, Beyoncé was listed again on the Time 100 and also featured on the cover of the issue.


Premise: What colonies did the Netherlands possess?

Hypothesis: Mexico, Free France and many other countries also took part, especially forces from other British colonies.


Premise: What two inventors developed the first electrostatic motors?

Hypothesis: Usually, electrostatic motors are the dual of conventional coil-based motors.


Premise: Where are the most visited monuments located in Paris?

Hypothesis: The centre of Paris contains the most visited monuments in the city, including the Notre Dame Cathedral and the Louvre as well as the Sainte-Chapelle; Les Invalides, where the tomb of Napoleon is located, and the Eiffel Tower are located on the Left Bank south-west of the centre.


Premise: How much of Oklahoma is covered in forests?

Hypothesis: Where rainfall is sparse in the western regions of the state, shortgrass prairie and shrublands are the most prominent ecosystems, though pinyon pines, red cedar (junipers), and ponderosa pines grow near rivers and creek beds in the far western reaches of the panhandle.


Premise: Who was discontinued in the Commonwealth realms?

Hypothesis: Appointments to the Order of the British Empire were discontinued in those Commonwealth realms that established a national system of honours and awards such as the Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit.


Premise: How many residents are there in Tucson as of 2010?

Hypothesis: As of the census of 2010, there were 520,116 people, 229,762 households, and 112,455 families residing in the city.


Premise: What is the largest section of mosaic still present in the Umayyad Mosque?

Hypothesis: The biggest continuous section survives under the western arcade of the courtyard, called the "Barada Panel" after the river Barada.


Premise: What are around 50-60% of the original size?

Hypothesis: Compression ratios are around 50–60% of original size, which is similar to those for generic lossless data compression.


Premise: What was the name of the ship the Pitcairners traveled on to Norfolk Island?

Hypothesis: Although some families decided to return to Pitcairn in 1858 and 1863, the island's population continued to grow.


Premise: To what does congress attempt to limit executive officials?

Hypothesis: Further rulings clarified the case; even both Houses acting together cannot override Executive vetos without a 2⁄3 majority.


Premise: What does the large number of omissions  make the determinatives?

Hypothesis: Catalan has more contractions of preposition + article than Spanish, like dels ("of + the [plural]"), but not as many as Italian (which has sul, col, nel, etc.).


Premise: What is the death rate among chickens who are intensivley breed to be broilers?

Hypothesis: Mortality rates at 1% are much higher than for less-intensively reared laying birds which take 18 weeks to reach similar weights.


Premise: What magazine compared Kanye to David Bowie?

Hypothesis: The Guardian has compared West to David Bowie, arguing that "there is nobody else who can sell as many records as West does (30m-odd album sales and counting) while remaining so resolutely experimental and capable of stirring things up culturally and politically."


Premise: In what year was a special edition of the iPod produced?

Hypothesis: Like its predecessor, this iPod has engraved the signatures of the four members of the band on its back, but this one was the first time the company changed the colour of the metal (not silver but black).


Premise: Who ultimately deserved credit for the discovery of Neptune?

Hypothesis: After reviewing the documents, they suggest that "Adams does not deserve equal credit with Le Verrier for the discovery of Neptune.


Premise: What sportswear company formerly held a contract with the University of Kansas?

Hypothesis: Under former athletic director Lew Perkins, the department's budget increased from $27.2 million in 2003 (10th in the conference) to currently over $50 million thanks in large part to money raised from a new priority seating policy at Allen Fieldhouse, a new $26.67 million eight-year contract with Adidas replacing an existing contract with Nike, and a new $40.2 million seven-year contract with ESPN Regional Television.


Premise: Which regions in the East receives the most amount of snowfall?

Hypothesis: Along the northwestern Pacific coast, rainfall is greater than anywhere else in the continental U.S., with Quinault Rainforest in Washington having an average of 137 inches (348 cm).


Premise: When was the treaty to regulate mining agreed upon?

Hypothesis: They proposed instead that a comprehensive regime to protect the Antarctic environment be negotiated in its place.


Premise: What is the reason for crushing the glass and melting it again?

Hypothesis: Glass homogeneity is achieved by homogenizing the raw materials mixture (glass batch), by stirring the melt, and by crushing and re-melting the first melt.


Premise: What position did Zubizareta have?

Hypothesis: On 5 January 2015, Zubizareta was sacked by the board after 4 years as director of football.


Premise: On what sort of basis does the Premier League sell its television rights?

Hypothesis: This is in contrast to some other European Leagues, including La Liga, in which each club sells its rights individually, leading to a much higher share of the total income going to the top few clubs.


Premise: What year did the Salvation Army show up on Saint Helenas?

Hypothesis: The Catholics are pastorally served by the Mission sui iuris of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, whose office of ecclesiastical superior is vested in the Apostolic Prefecture of the Falkland Islands.


Premise: Is USB cheaper or more expensive than PoE?

Hypothesis: The IEEE 802.3af Power over Ethernet (PoE) standard specifies a more elaborate power negotiation scheme than powered USB.


Premise: What new name did the Free Officers take?

Hypothesis: The Free Officers then governed as the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) with Naguib as chairman and Nasser as vice-chairman.


Premise: What is a human universal?

Hypothesis: Sociocultural anthropology also covers economic and political organization, law and conflict resolution, patterns of consumption and exchange, material culture, technology, infrastructure, gender relations, ethnicity, childrearing and socialization, religion, myth, symbols, values, etiquette, worldview, sports, music, nutrition, recreation, games, food, festivals, and language (which is also the object of study in linguistic anthropology).


Premise: Who remodeled Paris in the 19th century?

Hypothesis: Modern Paris owes much to its late 19th century Second Empire remodelling by the Baron Haussmann: many of modern Paris' busiest streets, avenues and boulevards today are a result of that city renovation.


Premise: Who closed the government mint?

Hypothesis: This caused widespread inflation that was not reduced until 175 BC when Emperor Wen allowed private minters to manufacture coins that were precisely 2.6 g (0.09 oz) in weight.


Premise: When did Homo sapiens begin using subsistence gathering?

Hypothesis: Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens.


Premise: The Principle Corridor has which type of doors?

Hypothesis: It has mirrored doors, and mirrored cross walls reflecting porcelain pagodas and other oriental furniture from Brighton.


Premise: What does not carry any decoration or insignia that can be worn on the person?

Hypothesis: These are commonly referred to as the Padma Awards and consist of Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri in descending order.


Premise: What was the importantance of the imperial Harem?

Hypothesis: For a time, the women of the Harem effectively controlled the state in what was termed the "Sultanate of Women".


Premise: Where did Alexander's army finally mutiny?

Hypothesis: Alexander, after the meeting with his officer, Coenus, and learning about the might of Nanda Empire, was convinced that it was better to return.


Premise: What appears increase continually in the absence of natural selection?

Hypothesis: Diversity appears to increase continually in the absence of natural selection.


Premise: What is the reduced Planck constant also known as?

Hypothesis: In modern terms, if J is the total angular momentum of a system with rotational invariance, and Jz the angular momentum measured along any given direction, these quantities can only take on the values


Premise: Who brought litigation to South Africa?

Hypothesis: In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent.


Premise: What is the role of the Permanent Secretary?

Hypothesis: The Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Defence (generally known as the Permanent Secretary) is the senior civil servant at the MoD.


Premise: What Nigerian state is trying to make Sharia law part of its constitution?

Hypothesis: Kano State has sought to incorporate Sharia law into its constitution.


Premise: Are aluminum and glass considered to be environmentally friendly or environmentally harmful?

Hypothesis: These materials are billed as environmentally friendly.


Premise: What city is Iran's capital?

Hypothesis: Iran's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 19 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the fourth-largest number in Asia and 12th-largest in the world.


Premise: What week was most popular to visit Lancashire's mill towns?

Hypothesis: Blackpool was a centre for tourism for the inhabitants of Lancashire's mill towns, particularly during wakes week.


Premise: Which centuries are considered to be part of the Late Middle Ages?

Hypothesis: The period from the early 14th century up until – and sometimes including – the 16th century, is rather seen as characterised by other trends: demographic and economic decline followed by recovery, the end of western religious unity and the subsequent emergence of the nation state, and the expansion of European influence onto the rest of the world.


Premise: What is NOT protected?

Hypothesis: The idea itself is not protected.


Premise: What does the AR in Marvel AR stand for?

Hypothesis: Also in March, Marvel announced its Marvel ReEvolution initiative that included Infinite Comics, a line of digital comics, Marvel AR, an application software that provides an augmented reality experience to readers and Marvel


Premise: What language does the Russian Orthodox Church use?

Hypothesis: The vocabulary (mainly abstract and literary words), principles of word formations, and, to some extent, inflections and literary style of Russian have been also influenced by Church Slavonic, a developed and partly russified form of the South Slavic Old Church Slavonic language used by the Russian Orthodox Church.


Premise: What causes electric trains to waste energy?

Hypothesis: The electric train can save energy (as compared to diesel) by regenerative braking and by not needing to consume energy by idling as diesel locomotives do when stopped or coasting.


Premise: Name a city that the Greeks nested in ?

Hypothesis: Many Greeks settled in Hellenistic cities like Alexandria, Antioch and Seleucia.


Premise: What is the name of the agreement that guarantee Burma's freedom from foreign rule ?

Hypothesis: Than Kywe were among the negotiators of the historical Panglong Conference negotiated with Bamar leader General Aung San and other ethnic leaders in 1947.


Premise: Can illegal pinning methods result in being disqualified?

Hypothesis: Illegal pinning methods include using the ropes for leverage and hooking the opponent's clothing, which are therefore popular cheating methods for heels, unless certain stipulations make such an advantage legal.


Premise: What was Dorgon known as after death?

Hypothesis: Two months into Shunzhi's personal rule, Dorgon was not only stripped of his titles, but his corpse was disinterred and mutilated.[b] to atone for multiple "crimes", one of which was persecuting to death


Premise: Who used Avicenna's work to help understand future political events?

Hypothesis: It was the theological interpretation championed by those such as al-Razi which eventually came to predominate in the madrasahs.


Premise: The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationships among which Jewish groups?

Hypothesis: examined the genetic relationships among all major Jewish groups, including Ashkenazim, as well as the genetic relationship between these Jewish groups and non-Jewish ethnic populations.


Premise: Where did the festival in Barbados originate from?

Hypothesis: Its early beginnings were on the sugar cane plantations during the colonial period.


Premise: What is the name of a publicly-available resource of KU related to community health?

Hypothesis: It is a free, online resource that contains more than 7,000 pages of practical information for promoting community health and development, and is a global resource for both professionals and grassroots groups engaged in the work of community health and development.


Premise: How many recent Iraqi refugees are in Egypt?

Hypothesis: The once-vibrant and ancient Greek and Jewish communities in Egypt have almost disappeared, with only a small number remaining in the country, but many Egyptian Jews visit on religious or other occasions and tourism.


Premise: Who was Queen Victoria's successor after her death?

Hypothesis: Her favourite pet Pomeranian, Turri, was laid upon her deathbed as a last request.


Premise: Why did Armenia make Christianity its official religion?

Hypothesis: The Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia, itself a branch of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia, was the first state to adopt Christianity as its religion (it had formerly been adherent to Armenian paganism, which was influenced by Zoroastrianism, while later on adopting a few elements regarding identification of its pantheon with Greco-Roman deities).


Premise: To which reporter did Kanye West express regret for his remark about President Bush?

Hypothesis: In November 2010, in a taped interview with Matt Lauer for the Today show, West expressed regret for his criticism of Bush.


Premise: During what two months does the Christmas season take place?

Hypothesis: – many of whom would never be played on these stations during the rest of the year.


Premise: How much land did the Congolese government agree to lease to South Africans in 2009?

Hypothesis: The country is a member of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA).


Premise: When did the FIscus Judaicus relax to exclude Christians?

Hypothesis: The Fiscus Judaicus, a tax imposed on Jews in 70 CE and relaxed to exclude Christians in 96 CE, also limited Judaism's appeal.


Premise: What religious tradition may be a problem for Alaskan Jews?

Hypothesis: In 2009 there were 6,000 Jews in Alaska (for whom observance of halakha may pose special problems).


Premise: What are the effects of diverting the water from rivers?

Hypothesis: For example, each year more water is diverted from rivers for snowmaking in the ski resorts, the effect of which is yet unknown.


Premise: Which writing systems have been used to write Sanskrit?

Hypothesis: As such, virtually all the major writing systems of South Asia have been used for the production of Sanskrit manuscripts.


Premise: What does the ancient Greek word 'génos' mean?

Hypothesis: The word gene is derived (via pangene) from the Ancient Greek word γένος (génos) meaning "race, offspring".


Premise: When did the Xbox achieve 10 million units sold?

Hypothesis: In May 2008 Microsoft announced that 10 million Xbox 360s had been sold and that it was the "first current generation gaming console" to surpass the 10 million figure in the US.


Premise: What other ethnicities, besides German were part of The Empire?

Hypothesis: It had a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual structure, some of the smaller ethnicities and languages used at different times were Dutch, Italian, French, Czech and Polish.


Premise: Among what age group in Samoa is hip hop and dance most popular?

Hypothesis: " Like very many other countries, hip hop music is popular.


Premise: Who did Bell go to see in 1875?

Hypothesis: In March 1875, Bell and Pollok visited the famous scientist Joseph Henry, who was then director of the Smithsonian Institution, and asked Henry's advice on the electrical multi-reed apparatus that Bell hoped would transmit the human voice by telegraph.


Premise: Who has defined a period of when the post-punk era was?

Hypothesis: Generally, post-punk music is defined as music that emerged from the cultural milieu of punk rock in the late 1970s, although many groups now categorized as post-punk were initially subsumed under the broad umbrella of punk or new wave music, only becoming differentiated as the terms came to signify more narrow styles.


Premise: Who was compelled to write of this instance that was also an author of one of the book of the Bible ?

Hypothesis: Beginning with St. Gregory Nazianzen, his explanation of the "purification" of Jesus and Mary at the circumcision (Luke 2:22) prompted him to consider the primary meaning of "purification" in Christology (and by extension in Mariology) to refer to a perfectly sinless nature that manifested itself in glory in a moment of grace (e.g., Jesus at his Baptism).


Premise: What are bounds volumes of comics called in America?

Hypothesis: Book-length comics take different forms in different cultures.


Premise: What FIFA ranking did Armenia hold in 2011?

Hypothesis: The Armenian Premier League is the highest level football competition in Armenia, and has been dominated by FC Pyunik in recent seasons.


Premise: What is a way for programmers to use the DBMS?

Hypothesis: Application programmers may use a wire protocol directly, or more likely through an application programming interface.


Premise: Who first standardized the earliest versions of the Quran?

Hypothesis: These codices had differences that motivated the Caliph Uthman to establish a standard version now known as Uthman's codex, which is generally considered the archetype of the Quran known today.


Premise: How much money has been invested in Detroit in 2013-2014?

Hypothesis: The number of vacant downtown buildings has dropped from nearly 50 to around 13.[when?]


Premise: How did 19th century scholars view the Hellenistic period?

Hypothesis: Many 19th century scholars contended that the Hellenistic period represented a cultural decline from the brilliance of classical Greece.


Premise: What years dictate the Baroque period?

Hypothesis: Since 1900, classical periods have been reckoned more by calendar century than by particular stylistic movements that have become fragmented and difficult to define.


Premise: What kind of bird did Aristotle and Pliny the Elder write about?

Hypothesis: Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile.


Premise: What are agreements between states and the federal government called within the United States?

Hypothesis: One significant part of treaty making is that signing a treaty implies recognition that the other side is a sovereign state and that the agreement being considered is enforceable under international law.


Premise: At the start of the war, which country did European public opinion champion?

Hypothesis: When the war had begun, European public opinion heavily favored the Germans; many Italians attempted to sign up as volunteers at the Prussian embassy in Florence and a Prussian diplomat visited Giuseppe Garibaldi in Caprera.


Premise: Besides chief justice, how many other judges sit on Ireland's Supreme Court?

Hypothesis: The Irish Supreme Court consists of its presiding member, the Chief Justice, and seven other judges.


Premise: What career path did Jon Savage take in life?

Hypothesis: Writer Jon Savage described some of these early developments as exploring "harsh urban scrapings [,] controlled white noise" and "massively accented drumming".


Premise: The lacquer doors in the Centre Room were brought from Brighton in which year?

Hypothesis: This is a Chinese-style saloon enhanced by Queen Mary, who, working with the designer Sir Charles Allom, created a more "binding" Chinese theme in the late 1920s, although the lacquer doors were brought from Brighton in 1873.


Premise: What do Hydrogen detonation parameters depend on?

Hypothesis: Hydrogen detonation parameters, such as critical detonation pressure and temperature, strongly depend on the container geometry.


Premise: What feature of bitumen use in photography made it impractical?

Hypothesis: Many hours of exposure in the camera were required, making bitumen impractical for ordinary photography, but from the 1850s to the 1920s it was in common use as a photoresist in the production of printing plates for various photomechanical printing processes.[not in citation given]


Premise: What did mathematicians of the time want to use to set the date of Easter?

Hypothesis: Some of these experts, including Giambattista Benedetti and Giuseppe Moleto, believed Easter should be computed from the true motions of the sun and moon, rather than using a tabular method, but these recommendations were not adopted.


Premise: Who reported that Dell was offering to sell their manufacturing plants?

Hypothesis: The company's approach has changed, as cited in the 2006 Annual Report, which states, "We are continuing to expand our use of original design manufacturing partnerships and manufacturing outsourcing relationships.


Premise: The Japanese puppet state that occupied Zhejiang was called what?

Hypothesis: Following the Doolittle Raid, most of the B-25 American crews that came down in China eventually made it to safety with the help of Chinese civilians and soldiers.


Premise: Which Grand Vizier attempted a siege of Vienna in 1683?

Hypothesis: This period of renewed assertiveness came to a calamitous end in May 1683 when Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha led a huge army to attempt a second Ottoman siege of Vienna in the Great Turkish War of 1683–1687.


Premise: What did Gaddafi call Libya dissidents based outside the country?

Hypothesis: Dissidents abroad or "stray dogs" were also publicly threatened with death and sometimes killed by government hit squads.


Premise: What variety has there been in the materials of clothing throughout history?

Hypothesis: Not all body coverings are regarded as clothing.


Premise: Who invented the hydraulic crane in 1846?

Hypothesis: The hydraulic crane was invented by Sir William Armstrong in 1846, primarily for use at the Tyneside docks for loading cargo.


Premise: What pigment color is natural to copper?

Hypothesis: The metal's distinctive natural green patina has long been coveted by architects and designers.


Premise: When were Greek festivals celebrated?

Hypothesis: However, while usually Greek festivals were celebrated at the full moon, all the feasts of Apollo were celebrated at the seventh day of the month, and the emphasis given to that day (sibutu) indicates a Babylonian origin.


Premise: What movement focused on the idea that the sould must be freed from matter?

Hypothesis: Moreover, they declared that the entire Brahmanical system was fraudulent: a conspiracy of the brahmans to enrich themselves by charging exorbitant fees to perform bogus rites and give useless advice.


Premise: What popular soap opera has the BBC televised since 1985?

Hypothesis: As of 2008[update], the British Academy Film Awards have taken place at the Royal Opera House.


Premise: What is the profession of Gian Carlo Menotti?

Hypothesis: The relationship between the two cities began when Pulitzer Prize-winning Italian composer Gian Carlo Menotti selected Charleston as the city to host the American version of Spoleto's annual Festival of Two Worlds. "


Premise: After the Spanish, who were the first Europeans to settle North Carolina?

Hypothesis: After the Spanish in the 16th century, the first permanent European settlers of North Carolina were English colonists who migrated south from Virginia.


Premise: What is the world's largest wildlife refuge?

Hypothesis: The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.


Premise: What style does 20th century classical music encompass?

Hypothesis: Others have more or less equated postmodern music with the "contemporary music" composed from the late 20th century through to the early 21st century.


Premise: Which Games does Armenia hold?

Hypothesis: Competitively, Armenia has been successful in chess, weightlifting and wrestling at the international level.


Premise: Queen and Adam Lambert played two shows where in July 2012?

Hypothesis: It was later announced that Queen + Adam Lambert would play two shows at the Hammersmith Apollo, London on 11 and 12 July 2012.


Premise: About how many private radio stations does the region of Puntland have?

Hypothesis: The northeastern Puntland region has around six private radio stations, including Radio Garowe, Radio Daljir, Radio Codka-Nabbada and Radio Codka-Mudug.


Premise: When did the inaugural TCM Classic Film Festival take place?

Hypothesis: In April 2010, Turner Classic Movies held the first TCM Classic Film Festival, an event – now held annually – at the Grauman's Chinese Theater and the Grauman's Egyptian Theater in Hollywood.


Premise: What sort of route does data follow?

Hypothesis: Network hardware, software and specifications, as well as the expertise of network management personnel are important in ensuring that data follows the most efficient route, and upstream connections work reliably.


Premise: What is the second-oldest university west of the MS River?

Hypothesis: Oklahoma holds eleven public regional universities, including Northeastern State University, the second-oldest institution of higher education west of the Mississippi River, also containing the only College of Optometry in Oklahoma and the largest enrollment of Native American students in the nation by percentage and amount.


Premise: What was the capitol of Medri Bahri?

Hypothesis: It was later renamed under Emperor Zara Yaqob as the domain of the Bahr Negash, the Medri Bahri ("Sea land" in Tingrinya, although it included some areas like Shire on the other side of the Mereb, today in Ethiopia).


Premise: What latin word was used to describe the cross used?

Hypothesis: The latter means wood (a live tree, timber or an object constructed of wood); in earlier forms of Greek, the former term meant an upright stake or pole, but in Koine Greek it was used also to mean a cross.


Premise: What year did the French Revolution begin?

Hypothesis: The ideas of the Enlightenment played a major role in inspiring the French Revolution, which began in 1789.


Premise: Which company added digital sound option when re-releasing movies?

Hypothesis: Early DiscoVision and LaserDisc titles lacked the digital audio option, but many of those movies received digital sound in later re-issues by Universal, and the quality of analog audio tracks generally got far better as time went on.


Premise: How many words did Aavik put in his dictionary?

Hypothesis: ‘free constructions’, Tauli 1977), along with other sources of lexical enrichment such as derivations, compositions and loanwords (often from Finnish; cf.


Premise: What event produced further adaptations during  the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods?

Hypothesis: By the end of the Cretaceous, angiosperms dominated tree floras in many areas, although some evidence suggests that biomass was still dominated by cycad and ferns until after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction.


Premise: What was Kerry's paternal grandfather's career?

Hypothesis: Kerry's paternal grandparents, shoe businessman Frederick A. "Fred" Kerry and musician Ida Lowe, were immigrants from the Austro-Hungarian Empire.


Premise: What treaty marked the end of the First Opium War?

Hypothesis: The First Opium War revealed the outdated state of the Chinese military.


Premise: How many countries adopted the Sustainable Development Goals?

Hypothesis: These goals are designed to eliminate poverty, discrimination, abuse and preventable deaths, address environmental destruction, and usher in an era of development for all people, everywhere.


Premise: What country did Edward Long and Charles White advocated the belief of polygenism in?

Hypothesis: Polygenism was popular and most widespread in the 19th century, culminating in the founding of the Anthropological Society of London (1863) during the period of the American Civil War, in opposition to the Ethnological Society, which had abolitionist sympathies.


Premise: What famous tree species is believed to have evolved during the Mesozoic?

Hypothesis: This is opposed to the earth's current flora, in which the dominant land plants in terms of number of species are angiosperms.


Premise: What unique dairy cheese is produced in the Swiss valleys of Gruyeres?

Hypothesis: While some dishes such as fondue, raclette or rösti are omnipresent through the country, each region developed its own gastronomy according to the differences of climate and languages.


Premise: What did Blockbuster do instead of use copyrighted instruction booklets?

Hypothesis: In compliance with the ruling, Blockbuster produced their own short instructions—usually in the form of a small booklet, card, or label stuck on the back of the rental box—that explained the game's basic premise and controls.


Premise: What acts were passed relating to the FBI after 9/11?

Hypothesis: Before the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act was passed in the wake of the September 11 attacks, the FBI director would directly brief the President of the United States on any issues that arise from within the FBI.


Premise: How does LaserDisc operation vary from DVD?

Hypothesis: Unlike many DVD players, the transport mechanism always obeys commands from the user: pause, fast-forward, and fast-reverse commands are always accepted (barring, of course, malfunctions).


Premise: How many videos was youtube serving per day as of May 2010?

Hypothesis: In May 2010, it was reported that YouTube was serving more than two billion videos a day, which it described as "nearly double the prime-time audience of all three major US television networks combined".


Premise: Film stars including Elizabeth Taylor visited what island residence of Tito?

Hypothesis: Close to 100 foreign heads of state were to visit Tito at the island residence, along with film stars such as Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Burton, Sophia Loren, Carlo Ponti, and Gina Lollobrigida.


Premise: When were two missionaries killed?

Hypothesis: On November 1, 1897, two German Roman Catholic missionaries were murdered in the southern part of Shandong Province (the Juye Incident).


Premise: Who is chairman of Bank of America?

Hypothesis: The group is to be co-chaired by Kandeh Yumkella, the chair of UN Energy and director general of the UN Industrial Development Organisation, and Charles Holliday, chairman of Bank of America".


Premise: Which countries did most Estonians desire to flee to?

Hypothesis: On 12 January 1949, the Soviet Council of Ministers issued a decree "on the expulsion and deportation" from Baltic states of "all kulaks and their families, the families of bandits and nationalists", and others.


Premise: Canis latrans is what animal?

Hypothesis: American black bear Ursus americanus is also found but in very small numbers.


Premise: Who discovered the drug that was ultimately marketed as Lyrica?

Hypothesis: Northwestern was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1917 and remains a research university with "very high" research activity.


Premise: The shadow banking system could not provide funds to mortgage firms and other corporations without the ability to obtain which funds?

Hypothesis: Without the ability to obtain investor funds in exchange for most types of mortgage-backed securities or asset-backed commercial paper, investment banks and other entities in the shadow banking system could not provide funds to mortgage firms and other corporations.


Premise: In what year did American Idol begin a contest to decide the winners single?

Hypothesis: This Is My Now", was performed by both finalists during the finale and released by Sparks on May 24, 2007.


Premise: What type of wood burns quickly and makes more smoke than hardwood?

Hypothesis: Hardwood is preferred over softwood because it creates less smoke and burns longer.


Premise: For what system was the first Arena Football League video game released?

Hypothesis: On May 18, 2000, Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed was released by Midway Games for the PlayStation game console.


Premise: International Radio introduced which mass produced product from the city of Ann Arbor?

Hypothesis: High tech companies have located in the area since the 1930s, when International Radio Corporation introduced the first mass-produced AC/DC radio (the Kadette, in 1931) as well as the first pocket radio (the Kadette Jr., in 1933).


Premise: What is a tiered system?

Hypothesis: The government of India is based on a tiered system, in which the Constitution of India delineates the subjects on which each tier of government has executive powers.


Premise: What philosophy was named for Gamal Abdel Nasser?

Hypothesis: He described his approach to economics as "Islamic socialism", although biographers Blundy and Lycett noted that Gaddafi's socialism had a "curiously Marxist undertone", with political scientist Sami Hajjar arguing that Gaddafi's model of socialism offered a simplification of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' theories.


Premise: Where did Barcelona defeat Real Madrid for a trophy win in 2005-06?

Hypothesis: The pinnacle of the league season arrived at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in a 3–0 win over Real Madrid.


Premise: Who was Schwarzenegger's closest rival in the gubernatorial race of 2003?

Hypothesis: Schwarzenegger defeated Democrat Cruz Bustamante, fellow Republican Tom McClintock, and others.


Premise: What American University has a big campus in Mexico City?

Hypothesis: In addition, the prestigious University of California maintains a campus known as "Casa de California" in the city.


Premise: How are officials elected to the legislature?

Hypothesis: On January 29, 2016, it ceased to be called the Federal District (Spanish: Distrito Federal or D.F.) and is now in transition to become the country's 32nd federal entity, giving it a level of autonomy comparable to that of a state.


Premise: What is a chemical that can cause green hue in birds?

Hypothesis: This can causes their feces to look green as well.


Premise: What regions remained part of the Soviet Union?

Hypothesis: Of the territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union between 1939 and 1940, the region around Białystok and a minor part of Galicia east of the San river around Przemyśl were returned to the Polish state at the end of World War II.


Premise: In 2001, what organization conducted a survey of residents regarding London's fox population?

Hypothesis: Foxes have even sneaked into the Houses of Parliament, where one was found asleep on a filing cabinet.


Premise: What was the name of the civilian space agency created by Eisenhower?

Hypothesis: His Open Skies Policy attempted to legitimize illegal Lockheed U-2 flyovers and Project Genetrix while paving the way for spy satellite technology to orbit over sovereign territory, created NASA as a civilian space agency, signed a landmark science education law, and fostered improved relations with American scientists.


Premise: What does she get credits for in her music?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé has also received co-producing credits for most of the records in which she has been involved, especially during her solo efforts.


Premise: What does love lead to according to English mystics?

Hypothesis: Love led to spiritual growth that, in turn, reflected an increase in love for God and humanity.


Premise: What component was to blame for the weak bass of the 3rd generation iPod?

Hypothesis: The third-generation iPod had a weak bass response, as shown in audio tests.


Premise: How many people read the Sunday issue of The Oklahoman?

Hypothesis: The Tulsa World, the second most widely circulated newspaper in Oklahoma and 79th in the nation, holds a Sunday circulation of 132,969 and a weekday readership of 93,558.


Premise: What percentage of voters expressed dissatisfaction with their current political relationship?

Hypothesis: In a 2012 status referendum a majority of voters, 54%, expressed dissatisfaction with the current political relationship.


Premise: What is the name of the stadium that the Hanover football team plays in?

Hypothesis: Arminia Hannover is another very traditional soccer team in Hanover that has played in the first league for years and plays now in the Niedersachsen-West Liga (Lower Saxony League West).


Premise: The Big Bang model is solidly established in what?

Hypothesis: While the Big Bang model is well established in cosmology, it is likely to be refined in the future.


Premise: Indentured servants were similar to what people in the early days?

Hypothesis: Most of the English colonists had arrived as indentured servants, hiring themselves out as laborers for a fixed period to pay for their passage.


Premise: What two groups are bound by a "Safe Harbor" agreement?

Hypothesis: The "Safe Harbor" agreement is a voluntary agreement between the private landowner and FWS.


Premise: What did Peck's widow call Lee?

Hypothesis: She's someone who has made a difference...with this book.


Premise: What rule is Brazil accused of practicing?

Hypothesis: Some have posited that the facts of lower socioeconomic status for people of color suggest that Brazil practices a kind of one-drop rule, or discrimination against people who are not visibly European in ancestry.


Premise: Along with Miami Springs, where is the highest point of the Biscayne Aquifer?

Hypothesis: Most of the Miami metropolitan area obtains its drinking water from this aquifer.


Premise: Who wrote the book, Madonna and Me?

Hypothesis: Alan McGee from The Guardian felt that Madonna is a post-modern art, the likes of which we will never see again.


Premise: How many individually packaged transistors are produced each year?

Hypothesis: A logic gate consists of up to about twenty transistors whereas an advanced microprocessor, as of 2009, can use as many as 3 billion transistors (MOSFETs).


Premise: How were the special controllers connected to the NES?

Hypothesis: On the NES, these special controllers were generally connected to one of the two control ports on the front of the console.


Premise: What year was Bern occupied by French troops?

Hypothesis: Bern was occupied by French troops in 1798 during the French Revolutionary Wars, when it was stripped of parts of its territories.


Premise: How long did her hiatus last?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé announced a hiatus from her music career in January 2010, heeding her mother's advice, "to live life, to be inspired by things again".


Premise: Louis Binford's idea is popular among whom?

Hypothesis: On the basis of the analysis of the skeletal remains of the consumed animals, he concluded that hominids and early humans were mostly scavengers, not hunters, and this idea is popular among some archaeologists and paleoanthropologists.


Premise: What could the displacement of ice cause?

Hypothesis: However it is the outflow of the ice from the land to form the ice shelf which causes a rise in global sea level.


Premise: In what century did the Romans arrive in Britain?

Hypothesis: After the departure of Roman authority in the 5th Century and the fall of the Romano-British kingdoms, the Anglo-Saxons established alehouses that grew out of domestic dwellings, the Anglo-Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole to let people know her brew was ready.


Premise: What is the common mammal group that gives birth to live young?

Hypothesis: Most mammals are viviparous, giving birth to live young.


Premise: Where do the Red Wings play?

Hypothesis: All these teams but one play within the city of Detroit itself (the NBA's Detroit Pistons play in suburban Auburn Hills at The Palace of Auburn Hills).


Premise: Who believes God isn't real?

Hypothesis: Some findings in the fields of cosmology, evolutionary biology and neuroscience are interpreted by atheists (including Lawrence M. Krauss and Sam Harris) as evidence that God is an imaginary entity only, with no basis in reality.


Premise: Who arrived at the Marshall Islands in the second millennium BC?

Hypothesis: Over time, the Marshall Island people learned to navigate over long ocean distances by canoe using traditional stick charts.


Premise: What are the old Masonic document referred as?

Hypothesis: Alluding to the membership of a lodge of operative masons, they relate a mythologised history of the craft, the duties of its grades, and the manner in which oaths of fidelity are to be taken on joining.


Premise: Who followed Tony Blair as Prime Minister?

Hypothesis: Politically, the paper's stance was less clear under Prime Minister Gordon Brown who succeeded Blair in June 2007.


Premise: What is the oldest county in liberia?

Hypothesis: The oldest counties are Grand Bassa and Montserrado, both founded in 1839 prior to Liberian independence.


Premise: What is contract law?

Hypothesis: Contract law covers obligations established by agreement (express or implied) between private parties.


Premise: What did Apple's HyerCard and MultiFinder add to the Macintosh?

Hypothesis: In August 1987, Apple unveiled HyperCard and MultiFinder, which added cooperative multitasking to the Macintosh.


Premise: By what percentage did Liberia's GDP reduced by during the civil war?

Hypothesis: Following a peak in growth in 1979, the Liberian economy began a steady decline due to economic mismanagement following the 1980 coup.


Premise: Southern Italy and south-eastern Sicily were colonized by the Greeks in what century?

Hypothesis: After this war he controlled most of south-east Sicily and had himself proclaimed king, in imitation of the Hellenistic monarchs of the east.


Premise: What was Dorgon known as after death?

Hypothesis: So much so that upon his death he was extraordinarily bestowed the posthumous title of Emperor Yi (Chinese: 義皇帝), the only instance in Qing history in which a Manchu "prince of the blood" (Chinese: 親王) was so honored.


Premise: What match has been played the most since the inception of the Premier League?

Hypothesis: Everton against Aston Villa is the most played fixture in England's top flight, as of the 2012–13 season the two founder members of the Football League have played a record 196 league games.


Premise: What is an example of a solar distillation design?

Hypothesis: Individual still designs include single-slope, double-slope (or greenhouse type), vertical, conical, inverted absorber, multi-wick, and multiple effect.


Premise: Who was Unicode developed in conjunction with?

Hypothesis: The Unicode Standard enumerates a multitude of character properties, including those needed for supporting bidirectional text.


Premise: Clinical hypnosis may be effective in doing what with pain associated with surgical procedures in adults and children?

Hypothesis: A number of meta-analyses have found clinical hypnosis to be effective in controlling pain associated with diagnostic and surgical procedures in both adults and children, as well as pain associated with cancer and childbirth.


Premise: How much organic cotton was produced worldwide in 2007?

Hypothesis: As of 2007, 265,517 bales of organic cotton were produced in 24 countries, and worldwide production was growing at a rate of more than 50% per year.


Premise: How are the Santa Monica per-capita crime rates calculated?

Hypothesis: These per-capita crime rates are computed based on Santa Monica's full-time population of about 85,000.


Premise: What is it called when the census counts every person wherever they are the night of the census?

Hypothesis: The data collection method is to count every person resident in Namibia on the census reference night, wherever they happen to be.


Premise: When did the rule of Constantine end?

Hypothesis: In 330, after a period of civil war, Constantine the Great (r. 306–337) refounded the city of Byzantium as the newly renamed eastern capital, Constantinople.


Premise: Who was the first Dalai Lama to have political control over Tibet?

Hypothesis: In 1642, the 5th Dalai Lama (1617–1682) became the first to wield effective political control over Tibet.


Premise: What is the extent of God's knowledge?

Hypothesis: God is also usually defined as a non-corporeal being without any human biological gender, but the concept of God actively (as opposed to receptively) creating the universe has caused some religions to give "Him" the metaphorical name of "Father".


Premise: What is different about the use of Greek language today as opposed to the language of the past ?

Hypothesis: Modern Greek has, in addition to Standard Modern Greek or Dimotiki, a wide variety of dialects of varying levels of mutual intelligibility, including Cypriot, Pontic, Cappadocian, Griko and Tsakonian (the only surviving representative of ancient Doric Greek).


Premise: How many ancient canons exist in the Western Church?

Hypothesis: In the fourth century the First Council of Nicaea (325) calls canons the disciplinary measures of the Church: the term canon, κανὠν, means in Greek, a rule.


Premise: What natural substance was used in early road pavings?

Hypothesis: Roads in the US have been paved with materials that include asphalt/bitumen since at least 1870, when a street in front of the Newark, NJ City Hall was paved.


Premise: What was Neptune before Pluto was discovered?

Hypothesis: From its discovery in 1846 until the subsequent discovery of Pluto in 1930, Neptune was the farthest known planet.


Premise: Which drum has a higher perceived pitch even though they both have indefinite pitch?

Hypothesis: It is still possible for two sounds of indefinite pitch to clearly be higher or lower than one another.


Premise: What year saw the expulsion of the French Jewish community?

Hypothesis: Jewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306.


Premise: What does Article Three give federal agencies?

Hypothesis: However, it is universally accepted that the Founding Fathers of the United States, by vesting "judicial power" into the Supreme Court and the inferior federal courts in Article Three of the United States Constitution, thereby vested in them the implied judicial power of common law courts to formulate persuasive precedent; this power was widely accepted, understood, and recognized by the Founding Fathers at the time the Constitution was ratified.


Premise: What more local councils were set up?

Hypothesis: Provincial Councils with Indian members were also set up.


Premise: Who is the Waa-Muu show primarily written and produced by?

Hypothesis: Waa-Mu is an original musical, written and produced almost entirely by students.


Premise: Is it difficult to transfer recording from historic interest to newer technologies?

Hypothesis: Anyone can do this using a standard record player with a suitable pickup, a phono-preamp (pre-amplifier) and a typical personal computer.


Premise: What amount of TEUs did Thessaloniki handle in 2010?

Hypothesis: In 2010 Piraeus handled 513,319 TEUs, followed by Thessaloniki, which handled 273,282 TEUs.


Premise: What is the name of the standard related to the materials used in solar water heaters?

Hypothesis: The International Organization for Standardization has established a number of standards relating to solar energy equipment.


Premise: How long are CDs expected to last?

Hypothesis: The design life is from 20 to 100 years, depending on the quality of the discs, the quality of the writing drive, and storage conditions.


Premise: What device did James Hargreaves invent?

Hypothesis: Later, the invention of the James Hargreaves' spinning jenny in 1764, Richard Arkwright's spinning frame in 1769 and Samuel Crompton's spinning mule in 1775 enabled British spinners to produce cotton yarn at much higher rates.


Premise: What does the British-Irish Council do?

Hypothesis: Similarly, the Parliamentary Assembly has no legislative powers but investigates and collects witness evidence from the public on matters of mutual concern to its members.


Premise: What does Darwin theorize about different species with regard to variety?

Hypothesis: He concludes that "a well-marked variety may be justly called an incipient species" and that "species are only strongly marked and permanent varieties".


Premise: When did Greece join what is now the European Union?

Hypothesis: Greece is a member of the International Monetary Fund and of the World Trade Organization, and ranked 34th on Ernst & Young's Globalization Index 2011.


Premise: What is is Kota known as within India?

Hypothesis: Kota is popularly referred to as, "coaching capital of India".


Premise: In what year was The Night Cafe painted?

Hypothesis: Describing his painting, The Night Cafe, to his brother Theo in 1888, Van Gogh wrote: "I sought to express with red and green the terrible human passions.


Premise: What is the name of the battery that was developed using copper in 248 BC?

Hypothesis: The Baghdad Battery, with copper cylinders soldered to lead, dates back to 248 BC to AD 226 and resembles a galvanic cell, leading people to believe this was the first battery; the claim has not been verified.


Premise: How have the friar organizations contributed to the struggle in Burma?

Hypothesis: On 10 June 2012, a state of emergency was declared in Rakhine, allowing the military to participate in administration of the region.


Premise: What was the code name of the North African campaign?

Hypothesis: The word "expeditionary" was dropped soon after his appointment for security reasons.


Premise: What are Catalan and Valencian considered to be in the language?

Hypothesis: There are two institutions regulating the two standard varieties, the Institute of Catalan Studies in Catalonia and the Valencian Academy of the Language in Valencia.


Premise: A segment of what road crosses portions of Third Avenue, Lexington, and Park and runs in East Harlem?

Hypothesis: This segment runs in East Harlem and crosses portions of Third Avenue, Lexington, and Park


Premise: How many Fortune 1000 companies are based in Oklahoma?

Hypothesis: Four Fortune 500 companies and six Fortune 1000 companies are headquartered in Oklahoma, and it has been rated one of the most business-friendly states in the nation, with the 7th-lowest tax burden in 2007.


Premise: What score did Feyman receive on his math and physics entrance exams?

Hypothesis: He attained a perfect score on the graduate school entrance exams to Princeton University in mathematics and physics—an unprecedented feat—but did rather poorly on the history and English portions.


Premise: What place in Eritrea is believed to have played a major part in human evolution?

Hypothesis: It is believed that the section of the Danakil Depression in Eritrea was also a major player in terms of human evolution, and may contain other traces of evolution from Homo erectus hominids to anatomically modern humans.


Premise: What athlete won Tuvalu's first gold metal in competition?

Hypothesis: In 2015 Telupe Iosefa received the first gold medal won by Tuvalu at the Pacific Games in the powerlifting 120 kg male division.


Premise: Where was an attempt made to take the torch?

Hypothesis: Of the 80 torch-bearers in London, Sir Steve Redgrave, who started the relay, mentioned to the media that he had received e-mailed pleas to boycott the event and could "see why they would like to make an issue" of it.


Premise: What consequence of war were Parisians suffering?

Hypothesis: With Paris starving, and Gambetta's provincial armies reeling from one disaster after another, French foreign minister Favre went to Versailles on 24 January to discuss peace terms with Bismarck.


Premise: Where were loud instruments best placed for good sound quality?

Hypothesis: The loudest instruments such as the drums and trumpets were positioned the farthest away from the collecting horn.


Premise: Who won the 1980 US Presidential Elections after President Carter's repeated failed attempts to resolve the US Iranian Embassy situation?

Hypothesis: Attempts by the Jimmy Carter administration to negotiate for the release of the hostages, and a failed rescue attempt, helped force Carter out of office and brought Ronald Reagan to power.


Premise: Who was the student of Nash that designed the ballroom wing?

Hypothesis: The ballroom wing and a further suite of state rooms were also built in this period, designed by Nash's student Sir James Pennethorne.


Premise: What was the focus of the Gucci Chime for Change campaign?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé became an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign donating her song "I Was Here" and its music video, shot in the UN, to the campaign.


Premise: What was the original name of the famous rifle manufacturing companies in New Haven?

Hypothesis: The American Civil War boosted the local economy with wartime purchases of industrial goods, including that of the New Haven Arms Company, which would later become the Winchester Repeating Arms Company.


Premise: When did GE announce an expansion of its business in Northern Ireland?

Hypothesis: GE (General Electric) Energy's renewable energy business has expanded greatly, to keep up with growing U.S. and global demand for clean energy.


Premise: What advertisement was Beyoncé's skin supposedly lightened in?

Hypothesis: In 2008, L'Oréal was accused of whitening her skin in their Feria hair color advertisements, responding that "it is categorically untrue", and in 2013, Beyoncé herself criticized H&M for their proposed "retouching" of promotional images of her, and according to Vogue requested that only "natural pictures be used".


Premise: The technique in which with successive pair of film frames, one is held for three video fields, and the next is held for two, is called what?

Hypothesis: In NTSC-system countries, the TV scan rate of 30 frame/s would cause a perceptible speedup if the same were attempted, and the necessary correction is performed by a technique called 3:2 Pulldown:


Premise: Proto-Slavic developed numerous lexical and morphophonological isoglosses with what languages?

Hypothesis: In the framework of the Kurgan hypothesis, "the Indo-Europeans who remained after the migrations [from the steppe] became speakers of Balto-Slavic".


Premise: What was the percentage of Turks in the Cyprus population?

Hypothesis: Cyprus had a total population of 573,566; of whom 442,138 (77.1%) were Greeks, 104,320 (18.2%) Turks, and 27,108 (4.7%)


Premise: What do Australian aborigines call a frigid night?

Hypothesis: Dogs may have provided warmth, as referred to in the Australian Aboriginal expression "three dog night" (an exceptionally cold night), and they would have alerted the camp to the presence of predators or strangers, using their acute hearing to provide an early warning.


Premise: What state's law mandated that executions occur in ""room or place enclosed from public view"?

Hypothesis: New Mexico's former death penalty, since repealed, see N.M. Stat.


Premise: What is another name for flatworm?

Hypothesis: The Platyzoa include the phylum Platyhelminthes, the flatworms.


Premise: In addition to Polish and French, what other language has numerous biogrpahies of Chopin?

Hypothesis: There are numerous biographies of Chopin in English (see bibliography for some of these).


Premise: What is the English translation of Medri Bahri?

Hypothesis: The name Eritrea is derived from the ancient Greek name for Red Sea (Ἐρυθρὰ Θάλασσα Erythra Thalassa, based on the adjective ἐρυθρός erythros "red").


Premise: Why did he believe those concepts were inaccurate?

Hypothesis: After all, people change all the time, if only because they have aged by another second and had some further experience.


Premise: Pepsi paid Beyonce how much in 2012 for her endorsement?

Hypothesis: In 2012, Beyoncé signed a $50 million deal to endorse Pepsi.


Premise: What did P2P file sharing services market themselves as?

Hypothesis: For example, major motion-picture corporation MGM Studios filed suit against P2P file-sharing services Grokster and Streamcast for their contributory role in copyright infringement.


Premise: What year did the foreign ministry hold an exhibit exploring the Nordic ties of Estonia?

Hypothesis: An important element in Estonia's post-independence reorientation has been closer ties with the Nordic countries, especially Finland and Sweden.


Premise: How many troops did the Turks have when crossing the Cholok River?

Hypothesis: They then pushed about 20000 troops across the Cholok River border.


Premise: Where is the FA cup held today?

Hypothesis: In defending the move, the FA has also cited the extra capacity Wembley offers, although the 2013 fixture between Millwall and Wigan led to the unprecedented step of placing 6,000 tickets on sale to neutral fans after the game failed to sell out.


Premise: What does ASI stand for?

Hypothesis: The ASI allows the army to take a wide ranging MOS and focus it into a more specific MOS.


Premise: By the end of what century was cotton grown in the Americas and Asia?

Hypothesis: By the end of the 16th century, cotton was cultivated throughout the warmer regions in Asia and the Americas.


Premise: What is the name of the Royal Polytechnic Institution now?

Hypothesis: The UK's first polytechnic, the Royal Polytechnic Institution (now the University of Westminster) was founded in 1838 in Regent Street, London.


Premise: who thought the great plains were the locations of Quivira and Cíbola?

Hypothesis: The Spanish thought the Great Plains were the location of the mythological Quivira and Cíbola, a place said to be rich in gold.


Premise: What was governing the polish tribes?

Hypothesis: Concerning the early Polish tribes, geography contributed to long-standing traditions.


Premise: What area of Mali did conflict arise in January of 2012?

Hypothesis: In January 2012, an armed conflict broke out in northern Mali, which Tuareg rebels took control of by April and declared the secession of a new state, Azawad.


Premise: Which group was predecessor to the Liberals?

Hypothesis: The Liberals' immediate predecessor was the United Australia Party (UAP).


Premise: Which segment of the British press often showed Napoleon as being much shorter than average?

Hypothesis: The myth of the "Napoleon Complex” — named after him to describe men who have an inferiority complex — stems primarily from the fact that he was listed, incorrectly, as 5 feet 2 inches (in French units) at the time of his death.


Premise: What is Seattle's percentage of same sex households?

Hypothesis: This was the second-highest proportion of any major U.S. city, behind San Francisco Greater Seattle also ranked second among major U.S. metropolitan areas, with 6.5% of the population identifying as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.


Premise: Who was the winner of American Idols sixth season?

Hypothesis: Sparks has had some success as a recording artist post-Idol.


Premise: How much was the NBC broadcasting deal with the Premier League worth in 2015?

Hypothesis: The Premier League is broadcast in the United States through NBC Sports.


Premise: In what year was the first Aboriginal Senator elected?

Hypothesis: A West Australian Liberal, Ken Wyatt, became the first Indigenous Australian elected to the House of Representatives in 2010.


Premise: Where is Dushanbe located?

Hypothesis: Tajikistan is landlocked, and is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area.


Premise: What name did de Peyster give the Tuvalu islands?

Hypothesis: The name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of English hydrographer Alexander George Findlay.


Premise: The principle of absolute monarchy of which group was at odds with those following the Enlightenment?

Hypothesis: In France, the central doctrines of the Lumières were individual liberty and religious tolerance, in opposition to the principle of absolute monarchy and the fixed dogmas of the Roman Catholic Church.


Premise: Where was support found for Greek philosophy?

Hypothesis: In the Middle East, Greek philosophy was able to find some support under the newly created Arab Empire.


Premise: What revived style dominated English country house architecture?

Hypothesis: The height was usually highest in the centre, and the Baroque emphasis on corner pavilions often found on the continent generally avoided.


Premise: What is the largest residential college?

Hypothesis: Other examples of the Gothic (also called neo-Gothic and collegiate Gothic) style are on Old Campus by such architects as Henry Austin, Charles C. Haight and Russell Sturgis.


Premise: In what battle did Marcus Licinius Crassus die?

Hypothesis: While Caesar was fighting in Gaul, Pompey proceeded with a legislative agenda for Rome that revealed that he was at best ambivalent towards Caesar and perhaps now covertly allied with Caesar's political enemies.


Premise: What did Cork Campus Radio change to?

Hypothesis: Cork also has a temporary licensed city-wide community station 'Cork FM Community Radio' on 100.5FM, which is currently on-air on Saturdays and Sundays only.


Premise: What was the name of the film that Gwyneth Paltrow starred in as a musician?

Hypothesis: American indie rock band White Rabbits also cited her an inspiration for their third album Milk Famous (2012), friend Gwyneth Paltrow studied Beyoncé at her live concerts while learning to become a musical performer for the 2010 film Country Strong.


Premise: What is the name of the largest mosaics in Italy?

Hypothesis: The Monreale mosaics constitute the largest decoration of this kind in Italy, covering 0,75 hectares with at least 100 million glass and stone tesserae.


Premise: What word that means human relationships is at the core of Samoa's culture?

Hypothesis: Some Samoans are spiritual and religious, and have subtly adapted the dominant religion of Christianity to 'fit in' with fa'a Samoa and vice versa.


Premise: When can tropical storms and hurricanes threaten Boston?

Hypothesis: Thunderstorms occur from May to September, that are occasionally severe with large hail, damaging winds and heavy downpours.


Premise: When did the Nazi Party seize power?

Hypothesis: Three changes are of particular note: on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with the neighbouring Mecklenburg-Strelitz; and, by the Greater Hamburg Act (Groß-Hamburg-Gesetz), from April 1, 1937, the area of the city-state was extended, while Lübeck lost its independence and became part of the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein.


Premise: In what type of decorative blind arcading are pointed arches common?

Hypothesis: Contrary to the diffusionist theory, it appears that there was simultaneously a structural evolution towards the pointed arch, for the purpose of vaulting spaces of irregular plan, or to bring transverse vaults to the same height as diagonal vaults.


Premise: How can one find the amount of collector current?

Hypothesis: By controlling the number of electrons that can leave the base, the number of electrons entering the collector can be controlled.


Premise: What positive visual component can knots sometimes add to decorative pieces?

Hypothesis: In some decorative applications, wood with knots may be desirable to add visual interest.


Premise: If the grid circuit voltage is increased beyond its regular bias setting, what can happen to the conductive plates in power amplifiers?

Hypothesis: A leaky capacitor can cause the grid circuit voltage to be raised from its normal bias setting, causing excessive current or signal distortion in the downstream tube.


Premise: What are the average temperatures for summer?

Hypothesis: The overall climate throughout the year is mild and moderately wet.


Premise: After the division from Australia, what began to appear?

Hypothesis: By the end of the Cretaceous, about 66 Ma, Antarctica (then connected to Australia) still had a subtropical climate and flora, complete with a marsupial fauna.


Premise: During which month in 1862 did Union forces capture Memphis?

Hypothesis: Memphis fell to the Union in June, following a naval battle on the Mississippi River in front of the city.


Premise: What are hall churches in German cathedrals known as?

Hypothesis: There are also many hall churches (Hallenkirchen) without clerestory windows.


Premise: When was the second time Nintendo test marketed the NES?

Hypothesis: While others stated that Nintendo had an excellent nine-week market test in New York last fall Due to the moderate success launch in New York City, Nintendo tried a second time; the system was test-marketed further beginning in February 1986, with the nationwide release occurring in September 1986.


Premise: What country did the CIA believe Reagan should attack instead of Libya?

Hypothesis: The Central Intelligence Agency were critical of the move, believing that Syria were a greater threat and that an attack would strengthen Gaddafi's reputation; however Libya was recognised as a "soft target.


Premise: What did the architects of the calendar notice about the astronomical tables?

Hypothesis: Tycho Brahe also noticed discrepancies.


Premise: What was the standard weapon until the 1950s?

Hypothesis: Targets are not always easy to destroy; nonetheless, damaged aircraft may be forced to abort their mission and, even if they manage to return and land in friendly territory, may be out of action for days or permanently.


Premise: Who sent the first known letter from North America?

Hypothesis: On 3 August 1527, Rut wrote a letter to King Henry on the findings of his voyage to North America; this was the first known letter sent from North America.


Premise: In what region was the Amritsar Massacre?

Hypothesis: In Britain public opinion was divided over the morality of the event, between those who saw it as having saved India from anarchy, and those who viewed it with revulsion.


Premise: Where does Eugen Buss work?

Hypothesis: And 78%, if free to choose their nation, would opt for German nationality with "near or absolute certainty".


Premise: Who was Alberts father?

Hypothesis: By 1836, the Duchess's brother, Leopold, who had been King of the Belgians since 1831, hoped to marry his niece to his nephew, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.


Premise: What induces a feedpoint to antennas nearby?

Hypothesis: Current circulating in one antenna generally induces a voltage across the feedpoint of nearby antennas or antenna elements.


Premise: Who wrote the biography of Whitehead?

Hypothesis: This led to Lowe himself remarking on the first page of Whitehead's biography, "No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him."


Premise: What when conference do the Notre Dame fencing teams take part in?

Hypothesis: Notre Dame teams are known as the Fighting Irish.


Premise: What does the AAPF believe the foundation for the class based argument is?

Hypothesis: The groups goes on to say that affirmative action is responsible for creating the African American middle class, so it does not make sense to say that the system only benefits the middle and upper classes.


Premise: What is one subject that Ibn SIna specialized in?

Hypothesis: Ibn Sīnā wrote extensively on early Islamic philosophy, especially the subjects logic, ethics, and metaphysics, including treatises named Logic and Metaphysics.


Premise: When was the University of the Republic founded?

Hypothesis: The University of the Republic is the country's largest and most important university, with a student body of 81,774, according to the census of 2007.


Premise: What Bermuda sport team participated in the 2007 world cup?

Hypothesis: Bermuda were knocked out of the World Cup.


Premise: How much money in cents does New York City receive for every dollar paid in federal taxes?

Hypothesis: It receives 83 cents in services for every $1 it sends to the federal government in taxes (or annually sends $11.4 billion more than it receives back).


Premise: What other language has a telicity contrast?

Hypothesis: Accusative vs. partitive case opposition of the object used with transitive verbs creates a telicity contrast, just as in Finnish.


Premise: How has L.A. Reid described her?

Hypothesis: The ex-President of Def Jam L.A. Reid has described Beyoncé as the greatest entertainer alive.


Premise: Where did the mountains undergo serve erosion?

Hypothesis: In the Miocene Epoch the mountains underwent severe erosion because of glaciation, which was noted in the mid-19th century by naturalist Louis Agassiz who presented a paper proclaiming the Alps were covered in ice at various intervals—a theory he formed when studying rocks near his Neuchâtel home which he believed originated to the west in the Bernese Oberland.


Premise: Who handles fires in Southampton?

Hypothesis: Southampton's fire cover is provided by Hampshire Fire and Rescue Service.


Premise: What country handed over Puerto Rico to the US?

Hypothesis: Like the states, Puerto Rico has self-rule, a republican form of government organized pursuant to a constitution adopted by its people, and a bill of rights.


Premise: Who has set honours awarded by the President of India?

Hypothesis: These do not carry any decoration or insignia that can be worn on the person and may not be used as titles along with individuals' names.


Premise: Would those in favor of DST argue that it causes people to use more electricity or saves energy?

Hypothesis: Proponents of DST generally argue that it saves energy, promotes outdoor leisure activity in the evening (in summer), and is therefore good for physical and psychological health, reduces traffic accidents, reduces crime, or is good for business.


Premise: What museum is in Western Tucson?

Hypothesis: Western Tucson encompasses the banks of the Santa Cruz River and the foothills of the Tucson Mountains, and includes the International Wildlife Museum, Sentinel Peak, and the Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa, located in the wealthy enclave known as Starr Pass.


Premise: Along with locals and tourists, who eats at Kathmandu's restaurants?

Hypothesis: Many other restaurants have opened to accommodate locals, expatriates, and tourists.


Premise: Where is Time Warner Cable Arena?

Hypothesis: In addition to the standard preseason, there also exist prospect tournaments such as the Vancouver Canucks' YoungStars tournament and the Detroit Red Wings' training camp, in which NHL teams' younger prospects face off against each other under their parent club's banner.


Premise: What material was the Red Wing's frame made of?

Hypothesis: The innovations that were incorporated into this design included a cockpit enclosure and tail rudder (later variations on the original design would add ailerons as a means of control).


Premise: The brain reaches 90% of its adult size by the time a person reaches what year of age?

Hypothesis: The human brain is not fully developed by the time a person reaches puberty.


Premise: What percentage of poultry is tainted with Staphylococcus bacteria?

Hypothesis: Also, some risk is present for consumers of poultry meat and eggs to bacterial infections such as Salmonella and Campylobacter.


Premise: What were the two scales defined as?

Hypothesis: Berlin sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld published a scheme in 1896 that measured the strength of an individual's sexual desire on two independent 10-point scales, A (homosexual) and B (heterosexual).


Premise: Where is the first known use of 'samurai'?

Hypothesis: According to Wilson, an early reference to the word "samurai" appears in the Kokin Wakashū (905–914), the first imperial anthology of poems, completed in the first part of the 10th century.


Premise: Who sang chopin arrangements on July 7 of the year Chopin was in London?

Hypothesis: At a concert on 7 July he shared the platform with Viardot, who sang arrangements of some of his mazurkas to Spanish texts.


Premise: How many slaves were imported by Brazil?

Hypothesis: Brazil was the largest importer in the Americas, with 5.5 million African slaves imported, followed by the British Caribbean with 2.76 million, the Spanish Caribbean and Spanish Mainland with 1.59 million Africans, and the French Caribbean with 1.32 million.


Premise: What was the last international competition Egypt hosted?

Hypothesis: the last one was 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup which took place between 24 September - 16 October 2009.


Premise: What word roots in the 19th century were rejected in favor of words with more common Slavic roots?

Hypothesis: During the nineteenth century, words with Greek and Latin roots were rejected in favor of those based on older Czech words and common Slavic roots; "music" is muzyka in Polish and музыка (muzyka) in Russian, but in Czech it is hudba.


Premise: What type of coupon does the city provide the poor

Hypothesis: The city council provides coupons for discounts to inhabitants who receive welfare to be used with many of the initiatives.


Premise: After the design of IAS, who built the computer?

Hypothesis: He arranged its financing, and the components were designed and built at the RCA Research Laboratory nearby.


Premise: Under the development of agile software and extreme programing what is written first?

Hypothesis: In this process, unit tests are written first, by the software engineers (often with pair programming in the extreme programming methodology).


Premise: In the Bermuda land mass, how many bays are named "Horseshoe Bay"?

Hypothesis: Despite the small land mass, place names are repeated; there are, for example, two islands named Long Island, three bays named Long Bay (on Somerset, Main, and Cooper's islands), two Horseshoe Bays (one in Southampton, on the Main Island, the other at Morgan's Point, formerly Tucker's Island), there are two roads through cuttings called Khyber Pass (one in Warwick, the other in St. George's Parish), and St George's Town is located on St George's Island within St George's Parish (each known as St George's).


Premise: How many people of The Black Legion were convicted of crimes?

Hypothesis: A total of 49 men of the Black Legion were convicted of numerous crimes, with many sentenced to life in prison for murder.


Premise: In Australia, what percentage of passerine birds were partially migratory

Hypothesis: Species may also travel shorter distances over part of their range, with individuals from higher latitudes travelling into the existing range of conspecifics; others undertake partial migrations, where only a fraction of the population, usually females and subdominant males, migrates.


Premise: Who directed the first nude scene in Greek film history?

Hypothesis: (Δάφνις και Χλόη), containing the first nude scene in the history of European cinema; it was also the first Greek movie which was played abroad.


Premise: When did MGM give Warner Home Video the rights to MGM/UA's films on home video?

Hypothesis: In 1996, Turner Broadcasting System merged with Time Warner, which besides placing Turner Classic Movies and Warner Bros. Entertainment under the same corporate umbrella, also gave TCM access to Warner Bros.' library of films released after 1949 (which itself includes other acquired entities such as the Lorimar, Saul Zaentz and National General Pictures libraries); incidentally, TCM had already been running select Warner Bros. film titles through a licensing agreement with the studio that was signed prior to the launch of the channel.


Premise: How many million tons of goods did port Eleusis transport in 2010?

Hypothesis: According to Eurostat, Greece's largest port by tons of goods transported in 2010 is the port of Aghioi Theodoroi, with 17.38 million tons.


Premise: What variation of house music was produced by artists such as Madonna and Kylie Minogue?

Hypothesis: In the late 1980s, many local Chicago house music artists suddenly found themselves presented with major label deals.


Premise: What must a species do in order to be classified as a predator?

Hypothesis: For example, some parasitic species prey on a host organism and then lay their eggs on it for their offspring to feed on it while it continues to live in or on its decaying corpse after it has died.


Premise: What were two of Marvel's comic heroes in fantasy, swords and magic settings?

Hypothesis: Once again, Marvel attempted to diversify, and with the updating of the Comics Code achieved moderate to strong success with titles themed to horror (The Tomb of Dracula), martial arts, (Shang-Chi: Master of Kung Fu), sword-and-sorcery (Conan the Barbarian, Red Sonja), satire (Howard the Duck) and science fiction (2001:


Premise: What happened to many of the structures developed for the World Fairs?

Hypothesis: Most were eventually rebuilt, using castings of the original façades to retain the architectural style.


Premise: Who played the drums and the mandolin in the group called The Band?

Hypothesis: The mandolin has been used occasionally in rock music, first appearing in the psychedelic era of the late 1960s.


Premise: What policy could not be abandoned in 1964?

Hypothesis: But Turkey was stopped by a strongly worded telegram from the US President Lyndon B. Johnson on 5 June, warning that the US would not stand beside Turkey in case of a consequential Soviet invasion of Turkish territory.


Premise: In 1925 the first meeting of this group occurred.

Hypothesis: In 1925, the first meeting of the Hundred Percent Club, composed of IBM salesmen who meet their quotas, convened in Atlantic City, New Jersey.


Premise: Which school of medicine was based on strict observation?

Hypothesis: Herophilos (335–280 BC) was the first to base his conclusions on dissection of the human body, animal vivisection and to provide accurate descriptions of the nervous system, liver and other key organs.


Premise: What method did Chomsky use to develop generative linguistics?

Hypothesis: Descriptive linguistics, and the related structuralism movement caused linguistics to focus on how language changes over time, instead of just describing the differences between languages.


Premise: The formation of sea routes bypassing the Middle East may have led to the decline of what?

Hypothesis: Modern Ottoman studies think that the change in relations between the Ottoman Turks and central Europe was caused by the opening of the new sea routes.


Premise: In what harbor is the Port of New Haven located?

Hypothesis: The port has the capacity to load 200 trucks a day from the ground or via loading docks.


Premise: What did Kant say time and space allow one to do?

Hypothesis: Kant denies that either space or time are substance, entities in themselves, or learned by experience; he holds, rather, that both are elements of a systematic framework we use to structure our experience.


Premise: What was one of the important roles submarine played in the war?

Hypothesis: and, coincidentally,[clarification needed] at Midway in June 1942), when they gave accurate and timely warning of the approach of the Japanese fleet.


Premise: What did the fans used to be called?

Hypothesis: Fans were previously titled "The Beyontourage", (a portmanteau of Beyoncé and entourage).


Premise: Who commanded the French troops on November 22?

Hypothesis: On 11 November 1918 (Armistice Day), communist insurgents proclaimed a "soviet government" in Strasbourg, following the example of Kurt Eisner in Munich as well as other German towns.


Premise: What is the ratio of black and Asian schoolchildren to white schoolchildren?

Hypothesis: Across London, Black and Asian children outnumber White British children by about six to four in state schools.


Premise: What famous encyclopedia contains a Russian back-transliteration of Estonian?

Hypothesis: It should be noted that Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often back-transliterations from the Russian transliteration.


Premise: What do the French call snack restaurants besides les snacks?

Hypothesis: There are also a number of snack restaurants which the French call "les snacks" or "les petits creux" which include sandwiches, pizzas and salads.


Premise: What businesses were the dominant brewers of beer in England by the close of the 17th century?

Hypothesis: The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century.


Premise: Each party must have done what in order for the treaty to come into effect?

Hypothesis: When the text of a treaty is later reprinted, such as in a collection of treaties currently in effect, an editor will often append the dates on which the respective parties ratified the treaty and on which it came into effect for each party.


Premise: When attendance dropped to the Football League First Division, what else decreased?

Hypothesis: The Football League First Division, which had been the top level of English football since 1888, was well behind leagues such as Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga in attendances and revenues, and several top English players had moved abroad.


Premise: When did Mstislav die?

Hypothesis: In 1169, as the Kievan Rus' state was full of internal conflict, Andrei Bogolyubsky of Vladimir sacked the city of Kiev.


Premise: How many male workers were present in Plymouth Dock circa 1712?

Hypothesis: The settlement that developed here was called "Dock" or "Plymouth Dock" at the time, and a new town, separate from Plymouth, grew up.


Premise: What symbol is popular in Marian Art?

Hypothesis: And a number of Marian devotions also involve the presence of the Virgin Mary in Calvary, e.g., Pope John Paul II stated that "Mary was united to Jesus on the Cross".


Premise: Cultural life in Utrecht is second to

Hypothesis: Utrecht city has an active cultural life, and in the Netherlands is second only to Amsterdam.


Premise: What philosopher in history argued for a three-part soul?

Hypothesis: Democritus, the inventor of the atomic theory of matter, argued for a three-part soul, with intellect in the head, emotion in the heart, and lust near the liver.


Premise: What philosphers' writings are becoming required reading for graduate students in China?

Hypothesis: To date, the Chinese government has encouraged the building of twenty-three university-based centers for the study of Whitehead's philosophy, and books by process philosophers John Cobb and David Ray Griffin are becoming required reading for Chinese graduate students.


Premise: Who was the oldest man to become President prior to Eisenhower?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower was the only general to serve as President in the 20th century and the most recent President to have never held elected office prior to the Presidency (The other Presidents who did not have prior elected office were Zachary Taylor, Ulysses S. Grant, William Howard Taft and Herbert Hoover).


Premise: When did the term "Hispanic" begin being used?

Hypothesis: Today, the word "Latino" is often used as a synonym for "Hispanic".


Premise: Who was the most successful American Idol winner on radio as of 2010?

Hypothesis: Its alumni have a massive impact on radio; in 2007, American Idol had become "a dominant force in radio" according to the president of the research company Mediabase which monitors radio stations Rich Meyer.


Premise: What does genome size have a direct relationship with in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes?

Hypothesis: The genome size is positively correlated with the morphological complexity among prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes; however, after mollusks and all the other higher eukaryotes above, this correlation is no longer effective.


Premise: When did the  the Saar Protectorate rejoin the republic?

Hypothesis: German reunification in 1990, in which the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) ascended into the Federal Republic, resulted in the addition of the re-established eastern states of Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-West Pomerania (in German Mecklenburg-Vorpommern), Saxony (Sachsen), Saxony-Anhalt (Sachsen-Anhalt), and Thuringia (Thüringen), as well as the reunification of West and East Berlin into Berlin and its establishment as a full and equal state.


Premise: What do these authors use in the form of proof for credit given to the other religion  ?

Hypothesis: Thus, commenting in 1734 on the passage in the Qur'an, "I have called her Mary; and I commend her to thy protection, and also her issue, against Satan driven away with stones", George Sale stated: "It is not improbable that the pretended immaculate conception of the virgin Mary is intimated in this passage.


Premise: How much did the console sell for bundled with just the Super Mario Bros. game?

Hypothesis: The Challenge Set of 1992 included the console, two controllers, and a Super Mario Bros. 3 Game Pak for a retail price of US$89.99.


Premise: Which magazine publication carried a statement from the Human Development Report Office in January, 2011?

Hypothesis: The Human Development Report Office states that they undertook a systematic revision of the methods used for the calculation of the HDI and that the new methodology directly addresses the critique by Wolff et al.


Premise: In 1990, the Colombia Point Health Center was renamed what?

Hypothesis: In 1965, the first Community Health Center in the United States opened, the Columbia Point Health Center, in the Dorchester neighborhood.


Premise: When was the Slave Trade Act enacted?

Hypothesis: With support from the British abolitionist movement, Parliament enacted the Slave Trade Act in 1807, which abolished the slave trade in the empire.


Premise: What city was left vulnerable by North Korea's quick retreat?

Hypothesis: On 25 September, Seoul was recaptured by South Korean forces.


Premise: What is included in the first part of the critical apparatus?

Hypothesis: This contains the text that the author has determined most closely approximates the original, and is accompanied by an apparatus criticus or critical apparatus.


Premise: What positive things can happen to your brain when you excersise?

Hypothesis: The effects of exercise on memory have important implications for improving children's academic performance, maintaining mental abilities in old age, and the prevention and potential cure of neurological diseases.


Premise: The Asian Games were most recently held in New Delhi in what year?

Hypothesis: The city has previously hosted the 1951 Asian Games and the 1982 Asian Games.


Premise: What kind of demands were causing ruin to The Times in 1979?

Hypothesis: The Thomson Corporation management were struggling to run the business due to the 1979 Energy Crisis and union demands.


Premise: Where was 'Lincoln' filmed?

Hypothesis: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln, the film covered the final four months of Lincoln's life.


Premise: What are iconic monumuents of Egypt?

Hypothesis: Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern country, arising in the tenth millennium BC as one of the world's first nation states.


Premise: In what year did American Idol first air its eleventh season?

Hypothesis: On February 23, it was announced that one more finalist would join the Top 24 making it the Top 25, and that was Jermaine Jones.


Premise: Besides economic troubles, what else could push a people into foraging?

Hypothesis: The result of their effort has been the general acknowledgement that there has been complex interaction between hunter-gatherers and non-hunter-gatherers for millennia.[citation needed]


Premise: What percentage of the 25-34 Cyprus population has tertiary education?

Hypothesis: In addition, 47% of its population aged 25–34 have tertiary education, which is the highest in the EU.


Premise: Are Greenland's glacial earthquakes increasing or decreasing as time goes on?

Hypothesis: This increase in the numbers of glacial earthquakes in Greenland may be a response to global warming.


Premise: What makes a copy of an original idea infringing?

Hypothesis: The idea itself is not protected.