Premise: Along with the Oriana, what's the other P&O liner with a name that starts with the same letter?

Hypothesis: The importance of Southampton to the cruise industry was indicated by P&O Cruises's 175th anniversary celebrations, which included all seven of the company's liners visiting Southampton in a single day.


Premise: What was the name given to Executive Order 9980?

Hypothesis: The order "established in the Civil Service Commission a Fair Employment Board of not less than seven persons." Executive Order 9981, named Establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, called for the integration of the Armed Forces and the creation of the National Military Establishment to carry out the executive order.


Premise: What feature did the safety elevator display?

Hypothesis: In 1852, Elisha Otis introduced the safety elevator, which prevented the fall of the cab if the cable broke.


Premise: Which kinds of birds land for a few days before resuming migration?

Hypothesis: Many of the smaller insectivorous birds including the warblers, hummingbirds and flycatchers migrate large distances, usually at night.


Premise: Where is Egypt planning to build is first nuclear power plant?

Hypothesis: Egypt is currently planning to build its first nuclear power plant in El Dabaa city, northern Egypt.


Premise: Hight to ultra-high vacuums removes what obstruction?

Hypothesis: Ultra-high vacuum is used in the study of atomically clean substrates, as only a very good vacuum preserves atomic-scale clean surfaces for a reasonably long time (on the order of minutes to days).


Premise: How many customers did ACS have when Roberts and his partners purchased it?

Hypothesis: At the time, American Cable was a small cable operator in Tupelo, Mississippi, with five channels and 12,000 customers.


Premise: How high does the Palacio Salvo stand?

Hypothesis: Palacio Salvo stands 100 metres (330 ft) high, including its antenna.


Premise: How important were cotton, silk, indigo dye,saltpetre and tea to the company?

Hypothesis: With reduced Portuguese and Spanish influence in the region, the EIC and Dutch East India Company (VOC) entered a period of intense competition, resulting in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries.


Premise: What sets forth the standards by which the Royal Institute functions?

Hypothesis: Any revisions to the Charter or Byelaws require the Privy Council's approval.


Premise: What was replaced by the spinning wheel?

Hypothesis: In addition, the spinning wheel replaced the traditional distaff for spinning wool, tripling production.[AI]


Premise: When did Kerry and his wife separate?

Hypothesis: In 1982, Julia asked Kerry for a separation while she was suffering from severe depression.


Premise: What nationality was Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan?

Hypothesis: A Somali-based al-Qaida affiliated group, the Al-Shabaab, has confirmed the death of "sheik commander" Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan along with an unspecified number of militants.


Premise: When did Presbyterianism arrive in America?

Hypothesis: Presbyterianism first officially arrived in Colonial America in 1703 with the establishment of the first Presbytery in Philadelphia.


Premise: What size CD is most frequently used?

Hypothesis: Eighty-millimeter discs ("Mini CDs") were originally designed for CD singles and can hold up to 24 minutes of music or 210 MiB of data but never became popular.[citation needed]


Premise: What position did the British Prime Minister's secretary of state previously hold?

Hypothesis: After winning the United Kingdom general election, 1979, Margaret Thatcher appointed Keith Joseph, the director of the Hayekian Centre for Policy Studies, as her secretary of state for industry in an effort to redirect parliament's economic strategies.


Premise: What company is developing the remaster?

Hypothesis: A high-definition remaster of the game,


Premise: In through-hole construction, what are the leads on the front attached to on the back?

Hypothesis: The first PCBs used through-hole technology, mounting electronic components by leads inserted through holes on one side of the board and soldered onto copper traces on the other side.


Premise: The largest public radio station by listeners is what in New York?

Hypothesis: WNET is the city's major public television station and a primary source of national Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) television programming.


Premise: By dying what did Decius avoid for the battle?

Hypothesis: Had he failed to die, his sacrificial offering would have been tainted and therefore void, with possibly disastrous consequences.


Premise: What was the Popular Graphics Workshop mission?

Hypothesis: It was in the second half of the 20th century that the artistic movement began to drift apart from the Revolutionary theme.


Premise: How does an someone interested in ethnohistory learn more about cultures and customs?

Hypothesis: It is also the study of the history of various ethnic groups that may or may not exist today.


Premise: What word was dropped as a racial classification in this year's census?

Hypothesis: The biggest change in this year's census was in racial classification.


Premise: When did American Idol showcase a new set and stage?

Hypothesis: For the finals, American Idol debuted a new state-of-the-art set and stage on March 11, 2008, along with a new on-air look.


Premise: What category of products usually made from wood includes chairs?

Hypothesis: It is also used for tool handles and cutlery, such as chopsticks, toothpicks, and other utensils, like the wooden spoon.


Premise: When did King Sobhuza II die?

Hypothesis: Mswati III, the son of Ntfombi, was crowned king on 25 April 1986 as King and Ingwenyama of Swaziland.


Premise: What year did Magellan locate the island of Guam?

Hypothesis: Antonio Pigafetta, one of Magellan's original 18 the name "Island of Sails", but he also writes that the inhabitants "entered the ships and stole whatever they could lay their hands on", including "the small boat that was fastened to the poop of the flagship.":129 "Those people are poor, but ingenious and very thievish, on account of which we called those three islands Islas de los Ladrones


Premise: What term can be used to describe the wet area of North Spain?

Hypothesis: Additionally, the north coast of Spain experiences a wetter Atlantic climate.


Premise: When was the business booming for do it yourself sound fanatics?

Hypothesis: The business grew quickly and interest spread in high fidelity sound and the do-it-yourself market for pickups, turntables, amplifier kits, loudspeaker enclosure plans, and AM/FM radio tuners.


Premise: Where can Kidinnu's solar year be found in use?

Hypothesis: Even today, astronomical periods identified by Mesopotamian proto-scientists are still widely used in Western calendars such as the solar year and the lunar month.


Premise: Who used the figure of the tragic octoroon?

Hypothesis: The figure of the "tragic octoroon" was a stock character of abolitionist literature: a mixed-race woman raised as if a white woman in her white father's household, until his bankruptcy or death has her reduced to a menial position She may even be unaware of her status before being reduced to victimization.


Premise: Into what country does Portugal's railway system expand?

Hypothesis: The railway network is managed by the REFER while the transport of passengers and goods are the responsibility of Comboios de Portugal (CP), both public companies.


Premise: How would you say "sons" in Dutch?

Hypothesis: [ˈzɔnə] ("suns") versus zone [ˈzɔːnə] ("zone") versus zonen [ˈzoːnə(n)]


Premise: What did a picture of Scargill have him appear to be doing?

Hypothesis: On 23 May 1984, The Sun prepared a front page with the headline "Mine Führer" and a photograph of Scargill with his arm in the air, a pose which made him look as though he was giving a Nazi salute.


Premise: Who is the Humanitarian support intended to help?

Hypothesis: The assistance provided is designed to supplement or complement the efforts of the host nation civil authorities or agencies that may have the primary responsibility for providing humanitarian assistance" (JP 1-02).


Premise: THE SCN receives information from the optic nerves through what?

Hypothesis: The SCN continues to keep time even if it is excised from the brain and placed in a dish of warm nutrient solution, but it ordinarily receives input from the optic nerves, through the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT), that allows daily light-dark cycles to calibrate the clock.


Premise: Captain America, Thor and Ultron all inhabit what fictional milieu?

Hypothesis: Marvel counts among its characters such well-known superheroes as Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Wolverine, Thor, Hulk, Ant-Man, such teams as the Avengers, the Guardians of the Galaxy, the Fantastic Four, the Inhumans and the X-Men, and antagonists such as Doctor Doom, The Enchantress, Green Goblin, Ultron, Doctor Octopus, Thanos, Magneto and Loki.


Premise: Melbourne experienced rapid growth after 1851 due to the discovery of what?

Hypothesis: Thereafter, growth was exponential and by 1865, Melbourne had overtaken Sydney as Australia's most populous city.


Premise: What legal action did some disgruntled OtherOS users take against Sony?

Hypothesis: The 'OtherOS' functionality was not present in the updated PS Slim models, and the feature was subsequently removed from previous versions of the PS3 as part of the machine's firmware update version 3.21 which was released on April 1, 2010; Sony cited security concerns as the rationale.


Premise: What was London's estimated population at the time of the 2011 census?

Hypothesis: The 2011 census recorded that 2,998,264 people or 36.7% of London's population are foreign-born making London the city with the second largest immigrant population, behind New York City, in terms of absolute numbers.


Premise: Compared to the Ordovician glaciation, how big were the ice caps on Gondwana during the Silurian?

Hypothesis: During the Silurian, Gondwana continued a slow southward drift to high southern latitudes, but there is evidence that the Silurian ice caps were less extensive than those of the late Ordovician glaciation.


Premise: What sutras are reserved for those who follow the bodhisattva path?

Hypothesis: The Mahayana sutras often claim to articulate the Buddha's deeper, more advanced doctrines, reserved for those who follow the bodhisattva path.


Premise: When did Boeing move its headquarters to Chicago?

Hypothesis: Seattle remained the corporate headquarters of Boeing until 2001, when the company separated its headquarters from its major production facilities; the headquarters were moved to Chicago.


Premise: What happens to the teams at the bottom of the ranks at the end of the season?

Hypothesis: The top few teams may be promoted to a higher division, and one or more of the teams finishing at the bottom are relegated to a lower division.


Premise: Along with Jackson and Monroe Wards, what neighborhood notably features cast-iron fences?

Hypothesis: Porches and fences in urban neighborhoods such as Jackson Ward, Church Hill, and Monroe Ward are particularly elaborate, often featuring ornate iron casts never replicated outside of Richmond.


Premise: How much of the USSR's electricity was produced in the RSFSR?

Hypothesis: The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR.


Premise: According to the formalist approach, how much notoriety must a law have?

Hypothesis: This formal approach allows laws that protect democracy and individual rights, but recognizes the existence of "rule of law" in countries that do not necessarily have such laws protecting democracy or individual rights.


Premise: Avian species such as Anchiornis huxleyi and Xiaotingia zhengi are from which time period?

Hypothesis: The earliest known avialan fossils come from the Tiaojishan Formation of China, which has been dated to the late Jurassic period (Oxfordian stage), about 160 million years ago.


Premise: When was the Constitution of Bermuda enforced?

Hypothesis: The Constitution of Bermuda came into force on 1 June 1967; it was amended in 1989 and 2003.


Premise: How does Darwin theorize that instincts have evolved in bees?

Hypothesis: He suggested that bees that make hexagonal cells evolved in steps from bees that made round cells, under pressure from natural selection to economise wax.


Premise: What's the oldest rugby team in Southampton?

Hypothesis: A notable former player is Anthony Allen, who played with Leicester Tigers as a centre.


Premise: Which states belong to the British-Irish Council?

Hypothesis: Another body established under the Good Friday Agreement, the British–Irish Council, is made up of all of the states and territories of the British Isles.


Premise: What did the National Guard refuse to wear?

Hypothesis: The national government and regular army forces retreated to Versailles and a revolutionary government was proclaimed in Paris.


Premise: Where did Tito visit from 1954 to 1955?

Hypothesis: After his return, he removed many restrictions on churches and spiritual institutions in Yugoslavia.


Premise: What did Saadia Marciano do with the Israeli Black Panthers?

Hypothesis: This has led to protest movements such as the Israeli Black Panthers led by Saadia Marciano a Moroccan Jew.


Premise: Historic St. George's has been given what distinction?

Hypothesis: Historic St George's is a designated World Heritage Site.


Premise: Along with Josh Groban, what notable pop artist started out his career on adult contemporary radio?

Hypothesis: While most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists.


Premise: What was established when Australia was colonized?

Hypothesis: On the 1st of January 1901 the nation-state of Australia officially came into existence as a federation.


Premise: In 1923, what was discovered to be safer to treat Diphtheria Toxin?

Hypothesis: In 1923 parallel efforts by Gaston Ramon at the Pasteur Institute and Alexander Glenny at the Wellcome Research Laboratories (later part of GlaxoSmithKline) led to the discovery that a safer vaccine could be produced by treating diphtheria toxin with formaldehyde.


Premise: What is the decline in PC sales attributed to?

Hypothesis: The market research firm IDC reported an overall drop in PC sales for the quarter, and said the drop may have been partly due to consumer reluctance to embrace the new features of the OS and poor support from OEM for these features.


Premise: What forms in a tree to increase its diameter?

Hypothesis: Where there are clear seasons, growth can occur in a discrete annual or seasonal pattern, leading to growth rings; these can usually be most clearly seen on the end of a log, but are also visible on the other surfaces.


Premise: What two districts are extensions of the Paris business district?

Hypothesis: The second-largest business district in terms of employment is La Défense, just west of the city, where many companies installed their offices in the 1990s.


Premise: In what season do the growth-rings of ring-porous species form with larger vessels localized?

Hypothesis: In ring-porous species, such as ash, black locust, catalpa, chestnut, elm, hickory, mulberry, and oak, the larger vessels or pores (as cross sections of vessels are called) are localised in the part of the growth ring formed in spring, thus forming a region of more or less open and porous tissue.


Premise: What did he receive from the locals that changed his approach?

Hypothesis: He realized that he had taken this kind of practice to its limit, and had not put an end to suffering.


Premise: Why is it so difficult to locate bugs in software?

Hypothesis: As the number of possible tests for even simple software components is practically infinite, all software testing uses some strategy to select tests that are feasible for the available time and resources.


Premise: How far away is the Canadian border from Seattle?

Hypothesis: With an estimated 662,400 residents as of 2015[update], Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America.


Premise: Where do tubenosed birds breed?

Hypothesis: The Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea has the longest-distance migration of any bird, and sees more daylight than any other, moving from its Arctic breeding grounds to the Antarctic non-breeding areas.


Premise: What year was The Aims of Education and Other Essays published?

Hypothesis: The Aims of Education and Other Essays, which collected numerous essays and addresses by Whitehead on the subject published between 1912 and 1927.


Premise: How is a consociational state defined by the Constitution of 1848?

Hypothesis: The Swiss Constitution of 1848, under the recent impression of the clashes of Catholic vs. Protestant cantons that culminated in the Sonderbundskrieg, consciously defines a consociational state, allowing the peaceful co-existence of Catholics and Protestants.


Premise: When did Alexander the Great reach India?

Hypothesis: Alexander, after the meeting with his officer, Coenus, and learning about the might of Nanda Empire, was convinced that it was better to return.


Premise: In what year did Christian troops lose control of Valencia?

Hypothesis: The city remained in the hands of Christian troops until 1102, when the Almoravids retook the city and restored the Muslim religion.


Premise: In general, how much beer can a microbrewery make and still be classified as a microbrewery?

Hypothesis: The maximum amount of beer a brewery can produce and still be classed as a microbrewery varies by region and by authority, though is usually around 15,000 barrels (1.8 megalitres, 396 thousand imperial gallons or 475 thousand US gallons) a year.


Premise: What kind of population does SURE service?

Hypothesis: Saint Helena has a 10/3.6 Mbit/s internet link via Intelsat 707 provided by SURE.


Premise: What is the FBI comparable to?

Hypothesis: Unlike the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), which has no law enforcement authority and is focused on intelligence collection overseas, FBI is primarily a domestic agency, maintaining 56 field offices in major cities throughout the United States, and more than 400 resident agencies in lesser cities and areas across the nation.


Premise: According to Nicholas Kaldor, what had Hayek's book created?

Hypothesis: Kaldor later wrote that Hayek's Prices and Production had produced "a remarkable crop of critics" and that the total number of pages in British and American journals dedicated to the resulting debate "could rarely have been equalled in the economic controversies of the past."


Premise: Where do the officers go to complete their branch specific training?

Hypothesis: After commissioning, officers undergo branch specific training at the Basic Officer Leaders Course, (formerly called Officer Basic Course), which varies in time and location according their future assignments.


Premise: What did Adam Smith's work cover?

Hypothesis: He postulated an "invisible hand" that regulated economic systems made up of actors guided only by self-interest.


Premise: What did Qadis focus on in some areas?

Hypothesis: Since the closing of the ijtihad, or Gate of Interpretation, Qadis throughout the Ottoman Empire focused less on legal precedent, and more with local customs and traditions in the areas that they administered.


Premise: What was the population of Detroit in 1950?

Hypothesis: The city has declined in population in each census since 1950.


Premise: What denomination does the oldest church in Plymouth belong to?

Hypothesis: In 1831 the first Brethren assembly in England, a movement of conservative non-denominational Evangelical Christians, was established in the city, so that Brethren are often called Plymouth Brethren, although the movement did not begin locally.


Premise: How far down the road did Liszt live from Frédéric during this time?

Hypothesis: The first, on 2 April 1833, was at a benefit concert organized by Hector Berlioz for his bankrupt Shakespearean actress wife Harriet Smithson, during which they played George Onslow's Sonata in F minor for piano duet.


Premise: How many has "Dangerously in Love" sould worldwide since its debut?

Hypothesis: The album sold 317,000 copies in its first week, debuted atop the Billboard 200, and has since sold 11 million copies worldwide.


Premise: Under which governor was the education system unified?

Hypothesis: From 1907 to 1911, the Creel administration succeeded in advancing the state's legal system, modernizing the mining industry, and raising public education standards.


Premise: When did the Cubs announce that Joe Maddon had signed a five-year contract to be the 54th manager?

Hypothesis: On November 2, 2014, the Cubs announced that Joe Maddon had signed a five-year contract to be the 54th manager in team history.


Premise: What was being built that resulted in the discovery of the African Burial Ground?

Hypothesis: Discovery of the African Burying Ground in the 1990s, during construction of a new federal courthouse near Foley Square, revealed that tens of thousands of Africans had been buried in the area in the colonial years.


Premise: What type of laser diode is used in a DVD player?

Hypothesis: The use of red laser diodes became widespread with the commercial success of modern DVD players, which use a 660 nm laser diode technology.


Premise: What could be avoided by using vertical groove cuts?

Hypothesis: Groove cuts in the vertical plane were employed rather than the usual lateral cuts.


Premise: What was it once considered socially advantageous to do?

Hypothesis: Because more Americans have insisted on being allowed to acknowledge their mixed racial origins, the 2000 census for the first time allowed residents to check more than one ethno-racial identity and thereby identify as multiracial.


Premise: A progam inside the ROM of a PC is called what?

Hypothesis: In a PC, the ROM contains a specialized program called the BIOS that orchestrates loading the computer's operating system from the hard disk drive into RAM whenever the computer is turned on or reset.


Premise: What year did the News and the Observer merge?

Hypothesis: The city's Rex Hospital opened in 1889 and included the state's first nursing school.


Premise: The Rajpath was also known by what name?

Hypothesis: However, it was rejected by the Viceroy when the cost of acquiring the necessary properties was found to be too high.


Premise: Avian species such as Anchiornis huxleyi and Xiaotingia zhengi are from which time period?

Hypothesis: The avialan species from this time period include Anchiornis huxleyi, Xiaotingia zhengi, and Aurornis xui.


Premise: What did Simon mayer produce?

Hypothesis: Simon Mayor is a prominent British player who has produced six solo albums, instructional books and DVDs, as well as recordings with his mandolin quartet the Mandolinquents.


Premise: Who argeed with Dershowitz?

Hypothesis: Alan Dershowitz described Sudan as an example of a government that "actually deserve(s)" the appellation "apartheid."


Premise: Of what ethnicity was Alcuin?

Hypothesis: The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria.


Premise: How many schoolgirls did Boko Haram kidnap?

Hypothesis: At the same time, neighbouring countries, Benin, Chad, Cameroon and Niger joined Nigeria in a united effort to combat Boko Haram in the aftermath of a world media highlighted kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls and the spread of Boko Haram attacks to these countries.


Premise: Which economic associations gained power in the towns?

Hypothesis: Towns saw the growing power of guilds, while on a national level special companies would be granted monopolies on particular trades, like the English wool Staple.


Premise: What was the total cost of the Sui-Yu Expressway?

Hypothesis: On 3 November 2007, the Sichuan Transportation Bureau announced that the Sui-Yu Expressway was completed after three years of construction.


Premise: In modern day what is still influenced by the  five tribes?

Hypothesis: The varieties of the German language are still divided up into these groups.


Premise: The various sizes as well as how panels are arranged help with what aspect of comics?

Hypothesis: Size and arrangement of panels contribute to narrative pacing.


Premise: What is the "Land of Israel" known as in Hebrew?

Hypothesis: According to the Torah, God promised the land to the three Patriarchs of the Jewish people.


Premise: How do the wrestlers treat the audience?

Hypothesis: This leads to a high level of audience participation; in fact, their reactions can dictate how the performance unfolds.


Premise: When did the Iranian Medes first unify an empire in the area?

Hypothesis: The Iranian Medes unified the area into the first of many empires in 625 BC, after which it became the dominant cultural and political power in the region.


Premise: Through what time period did the Berlin Blockade  last?

Hypothesis: International crises arose, such as the Berlin Blockade (1948–1949), the Korean War (1950–1953), the Berlin Crisis of 1961, the Vietnam War (1959–1975), the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), the Soviet war in Afghanistan (1979–1989) and NATO exercises in November 1983.


Premise: To what political party is Mayor Turner aligned?

Hypothesis: The city of Houston has a strong mayoral form of municipal government.


Premise: What did Joseph Lister prove?

Hypothesis: Lister's work was based on the important findings by French biologist Louis Pasteur.


Premise: In 2001, what percent of Nigeria's population followed local religions?

Hypothesis: According to a 2001 report from The World Factbook by CIA, about 50% of Nigeria's population is Muslim, 40% are Christians and 10% adhere to local religions.


Premise: When did Xavier try to convert Japan to Christianity?

Hypothesis: Xavier further describes the honour and manners of the people: "I fancy that there are no people in the world more punctilious about their honour than the Japanese, for they will not put up with a single insult or even a word spoken in anger."


Premise: Pottery, weavings and carvings are just some of the contributions to art by which peoples?

Hypothesis: Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas comprise a major category in the world art collection.


Premise: Who took the place of Konayev?

Hypothesis: Demonstrations started in the morning of December 17, 1986, with 200 to 300 students in front of the Central Committee building on Brezhnev Square protesting Konayev's dismissal and replacement by a Russian.


Premise: who was the manager of the factory nightclub and co-owner of the hacienda?

Hypothesis: The Midlands also embraced the late 1980s house scene with illegal parties and more legal dance clubs such as The Hummingbird.


Premise: "Compensation" consists of what?

Hypothesis: Elevators with more than 30 m (98 ft) of travel have a system called compensation.


Premise: What treaty was signed?

Hypothesis: The treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed in what is now the far north of the city.


Premise: How did the Bristol Blenheim F.1 compare to German aircraft speed?

Hypothesis: British night-fighter operations out over the Channel were proving highly successful.


Premise: Avant-garde atonal compositions were written for what instrument?

Hypothesis: As well, although the symphony did not exist through the entire classical music period, from the mid-1700s to the 2000s the symphony ensemble—and the works written for it—have become a defining feature of classical music.


Premise: Dominic studied in what city?

Hypothesis: Dominic's education at Palencia gave him the knowledge he needed to overcome the Manicheans.


Premise: Which river does the province of Zhejiang derive its name from?

Hypothesis: It is usually glossed as meaning "Crooked" or "Bent River", from the meaning of Chinese 折, but is more likely a phono-semantic compound formed from adding 氵 (the "water" radical used for river names) to phonetic 折 (pinyin zhé but reconstructed Old Chinese *tet), preserving a proto-Wu name of the local Yue, similar to Yuhang, Kuaiji, and Jiang.


Premise: What do religions communities have to register with?

Hypothesis: By law, religious communities must register by the State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities.


Premise: When did season 11 premiere?

Hypothesis: On February 23, it was announced that one more finalist would join the Top 24 making it the Top 25, and that was Jermaine Jones.


Premise: From what airport did the chartered flight leave?

Hypothesis: A direct chartered cargo flight was made by China Airlines from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport to Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport sending some 100 tons of relief supplies donated by the Tzu Chi Foundation and the Red Cross Society of Taiwan to the affected areas.


Premise: Written Hokkein is based on what?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, the character inventory used for Mandarin (standard written Chinese) does not correspond to Hokkien words, and there are a large number of informal characters (替字, thè-jī or thòe-jī; 'substitute characters') which are unique to Hokkien (as is the case with Cantonese).


Premise: What is New Zealand made up of?

Hypothesis: The islands making up New Zealand originally had no land mammals apart from bats.


Premise: What is ARP?

Hypothesis: During the Blitz, The Scout Association guided fire engines to where they were most needed, and became known as the "Blitz Scouts".


Premise: Where is the Eagle and Child located?

Hypothesis: The anecdote is related in Watson's book The Double Helix. and commemorated with a blue plaque on the outside wall.


Premise: Unicode was designed for a round trip format conversion to and from what?

Hypothesis: Since version 3.0, any precomposed characters that can be represented by a combining sequence of already existing characters can no longer be added to the standard in order to preserve interoperability between software using different versions of Unicode.


Premise: What were the jewish people accused of in Alsace?

Hypothesis: In 1349, Jews of Alsace were accused of poisoning the wells with plague, leading to the massacre of thousands of Jews during the Strasbourg pogrom.


Premise: How would one make to early recordings?

Hypothesis: Early recordings were made entirely acoustically, the sound being collected by a horn and piped to a diaphragm, which vibrated the cutting stylus.


Premise: Which courts decisions are binding across the entire United States?

Hypothesis: But only Supreme Court decisions are binding across the nation.


Premise: What does OSUT stand for?

Hypothesis: Some individuals MOSs range anywhere from 14–20 weeks of One Station Unit Training (OSUT), which combines Basic Training and AIT.


Premise: What did the decoy towns mimic

Hypothesis: Drums of oil were also ignited to simulate the effect of a blazing city or town, with the aim of fooling subsequent waves of bombers into dropping their bombs on the wrong location.


Premise: What document was greatly informed by the idea of separation of powers?

Hypothesis: This idea was called separation of powers.


Premise: What is corporal punishment used as retribution for?

Hypothesis: In some cultures, extreme practices such as mortification of the flesh or painful rites of passage are highly regarded.


Premise: Drug reps have been accused of giving what to health professionals?

Hypothesis: There has been increasing controversy surrounding pharmaceutical marketing and influence.


Premise: Who was the drummer for The Who?

Hypothesis: The latter included the track "Stairway to Heaven", which would become the most played song in the history of album-oriented radio.


Premise: What socioeconomic class used the Florentine Tuscan language in Dante's time?

Hypothesis: The Tuscan-based language that would eventually become modern standard Italian had been used in poetry and literature since at least the 12th century, and it first became widely known in Italy through the works of authors such as Dante Alighieri, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccolò Machiavelli, and Petrarch.


Premise: What is the main type of employment in Valencia?

Hypothesis: However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector.


Premise: Which individual began a library at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: The original Main Building built by Sorin just after he arrived was replaced by a larger "Main Building" in 1865, which housed the university's administration, classrooms, and dormitories.


Premise: Who starred in Spielberg's TV debut?

Hypothesis: He did another segment on Night Gallery and did some work for shows such as Owen Marshall: Counselor at Law and The Psychiatrist, before landing the first series episode of Columbo (previous episodes were actually TV films).


Premise: Where was the agreement formalised?

Hypothesis: John paid some of the compensation money he had promised the church, but he ceased making payments in late 1214, leaving two-thirds of the sum unpaid; Innocent appears to have conveniently forgotten this debt for the good of the wider relationship.


Premise: Housing for employees was built in what area during the 1920s?

Hypothesis: Most of the government offices of the new capital moved here from the 'Old secretariat' in Old Delhi (the building now houses the Delhi Legislative Assembly), a decade before the new capital was inaugurated in 1931.


Premise: Who was the principal of the Polish Literary Society that Frédéric became acquainted with?

Hypothesis: Chopin was also acquainted with the poet Adam Mickiewicz, principal of the Polish Literary Society, some of whose verses he set as songs.


Premise: How many square miles is Guam?

Hypothesis: Guam lies between 13.2°N and 13.7°N and between 144.6°E and 145.0°E, and has an area of 212 square miles (549 km2), making it the 32nd largest island of the United States.


Premise: What was the dollar amount of Kanye's bond?

Hypothesis: Instead the case file was forwarded to the city attorney's office, which charged West with one count of misdemeanor vandalism, one count of grand theft and one count of battery and his manager with three counts of each on March 18, 2009.


Premise: What is around the ring?

Hypothesis: Wrestlers are generally expected to stay within the confines of the ring, though matches sometimes end up outside the ring, and even in the audience, to add excitement.


Premise: What uses an internal memory state?

Hypothesis: It can achieve superior compression to other techniques such as the better-known Huffman algorithm.


Premise: When was Napoleon Bonaparte born?

Hypothesis: As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814, and again in 1815.


Premise: Which company verified contents of the leaked information?

Hypothesis: Included within these were several memos relating to the production of Spectre, claiming that the film was over budget, detailing early drafts of the script written by John Logan, and expressing Sony's frustration with the project.


Premise: Companies such as Ford, IBM, Lucent, Samsung and SAP have built what in Nanjing?

Hypothesis: Many China-based leading firms such as Huawei, ZTE and Lenovo have key R & D institutes in the city.


Premise: How many fonts support the majority of Unicode's character repertoire?

Hypothesis: Thousands of fonts exist on the market, but fewer than a dozen fonts—sometimes described as "pan-Unicode" fonts—attempt to support the majority of Unicode's character repertoire.


Premise: What food gathering behaviors are now seen as hobbies in modern Estonian culture?

Hypothesis: Historically, the cuisine of Estonia has been heavily dependent on seasons and simple peasant food, which today is influenced by many countries.


Premise: When did the modern petroleum industry start?

Hypothesis: Ignacy Łukasiewicz improved Gesner's method to develop a means of refining kerosene from the more readily available "rock oil" ("petr-oleum") seeps in 1852 and the first rock oil mine was built in Bóbrka, near Krosno in Galicia in the following year.


Premise: What institution was being criticized during the time of Charles and Diana's breakup?

Hypothesis: Criticism was focused on the institution of the monarchy itself and the Queen's wider family rather than her own behaviour and actions.


Premise: What was the SAT score, on average, at Notre Dame when Edward Malloy became president?

Hypothesis: In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources.


Premise: What did vocalist add to melodies beginning in the Baroque era?

Hypothesis: Opera as a staged musical drama began to differentiate itself from earlier musical and dramatic forms, and vocal forms like the cantata and oratorio became more common.


Premise: Which supporters protested near the Chinese embassy in Malaysia?

Hypothesis: A Japanese family with Malaysian citizenship and their 5-year-old child who unfurled a Tibetan flag were hit by a group of Chinese nationals with plastic air-filled batons and heckled by a crowd of Chinese citizens during the confrontation at Independence Square where the relay began, and the Chinese group shouted: "Taiwan and Tibet belong to China."


Premise: Where do Investitures take place?

Hypothesis: Investitures, which include the conferring of knighthoods by dubbing with a sword, and other awards take place in the palace's Ballroom, built in 1854.


Premise: What is the definition of mutual intelligibility?

Hypothesis: The most common, and most purely linguistic, criterion is that of mutual intelligibility: two varieties are said to be dialects of the same language if being a speaker of one variety confers sufficient knowledge to understand and be understood by a speaker of the other; otherwise, they are said to be different languages.


Premise: Who says the bond of blood between mother and son is more meaningfu than the bond of marriage?

Hypothesis: They invade his temple, and he says that the matter should be brought before Athena.


Premise: What was the industry going through?

Hypothesis: He argues that the industry at the time was undergoing artificial expansion, what he describes as a "'perfect bubble'—a confluence of economic, political, and technological forces that drove the aggregate value of music sales to unprecedented heights at the end of the twentieth century".


Premise: In what year did Jaun de Bermudez first reach Bermuda?

Hypothesis: The first known European explorer to reach Bermuda was Spanish sea captain Juan de Bermúdez in 1503, after whom the islands are named.


Premise: What expedition found nine meteorites in 1969?

Hypothesis: The first meteorite was found in 1912, and named the Adelie Land meteorite.


Premise: What series replaced Funday Night at the Movies?

Hypothesis: "Funday Night at the Movies" was replaced in 2008 by "Essentials Jr.", a youth-oriented version of its weekly series The Essentials (originally hosted by actors Abigail Breslin and Chris O'Donnell, then by John Lithgow from 2009 to 2011, and then by Bill Hader starting with the 2011 season), which included such family-themed films as National Velvet, Captains Courageous and Yours, Mine and Ours, as well as more eclectic selections as Sherlock, Jr., The Music Box, Harvey, Mutiny on the Bounty and The Man


Premise: Other than rice, what would be another example of an incomplete protein source?

Hypothesis: However, complementary sources of protein do not need to be eaten at the same meal to be used together by the body.


Premise: What is yet another application for which  organisms have been modified for?

Hypothesis: Many organisms have been genetically modified for applications in agriculture, industrial biotechnology, and medicine.


Premise: How are Toxicara canis infections spread?

Hypothesis: Dog feces can also contain hookworms that cause cutaneous larva migrans in humans.


Premise: What does ITU-R stand for?

Hypothesis: Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) had been working on creating a global recommendation for Analog HDTV.


Premise: Which act was repealed in 1999 effectively removing the separation between investment and deposit banks?

Hypothesis: The 1999 repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act effectively removed the separation between investment banks and depository banks in the United States.


Premise: From the Sumerian metrology sprang forth the creation of what disciplines?

Hypothesis: This advanced metrology resulted in the creation of arithmetic, geometry, and algebra.


Premise: Why isn't unalloyed zinc used in construction applications?

Hypothesis: Unalloyed zinc is too brittle for these kinds of manufacturing processes.


Premise: What charge does hydrogen display in ionic compounds when it is called a hydride?

Hypothesis: The hydrogen cation is written as though composed of a bare proton, but in reality, hydrogen cations in ionic compounds are always more complex species than that would suggest.


Premise: Who allied with the Nabatean Kingdom to fight against the Seleucids?

Hypothesis: Though the Nabateans originally worshipped their traditional gods in symbolic form such as stone blocks or pillars, during the Hellenistic period they began to identify their gods with Greek gods and depict them in figurative forms influenced by Greek sculpture.


Premise: Mammals with smaller brains tend to be in what class in the food chain?

Hypothesis: Rats, for example, are considered to be highly intelligent, as they can learn and perform new tasks, an ability that may be important when they first colonize a fresh habitat.


Premise: What is the second facility of NARA named?

Hypothesis: The College Park campus includes an archaeological site that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.


Premise: Who is Kevin Faulconer?

Hypothesis: The mayor, city attorney, and council members are elected to four-year terms, with a two-term limit.


Premise: The tactics Zhou Enlai advised the North Koreans to use during their withdrawal was the same the Chinese used to escape event?

Hypothesis: Zhou attempted to advise North Korean commanders on how to conduct a general withdrawal by using the same tactics which had allowed Chinese communist forces to successfully escape Chiang Kai-shek's Encirclement Campaigns in the 1930s, but by some accounts North Korean commanders did not utilize these tactics effectively.


Premise: What is the last step in paper production?

Hypothesis: Paper is a thin material produced by pressing together moist fibres of cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets.


Premise: What do the two standards differ in?

Hypothesis: The two standards do use slightly different terminology.


Premise: Besides Chief Tamasese, how many Mau died as a result of the violence that erupted on that day?

Hypothesis: Ten others died that day and approximately 50 were injured by gunshot wounds and police batons.


Premise: When did Von Neuman's father move from Pecs to Budapest?

Hypothesis: Von Neumann was born Neumann János Lajos (in Hungarian the family name comes first), Hebrew name Yonah, in Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary, which was then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, to wealthy Jewish parents of the Haskalah.


Premise: What is a caretaker manager?

Hypothesis: The UEFA Pro Licence is required by every person who wishes to manage a club in the Premier League on a permanent basis (


Premise: What other countries adopted the style of neoclassical?

Hypothesis: The style was also adopted by progressive circles in other countries such as Sweden and Russia.


Premise: Who did the Estonians defeat in the Battle of Swienta?

Hypothesis: After the decline of the Teutonic Order following its defeat in the Battle of Grunwald in 1410, and the defeat of the Livonian Order in the Battle of Swienta on 1 September 1435, the Livonian Confederation Agreement was signed on 4 December 1435.


Premise: Who was Otzi the Iceman?

Hypothesis: His clothing and gear indicate that he lived in an alpine farming community, while the location and manner of his death - an arrowhead was discovered in his shoulder - suggests he was travelling from one place to another.


Premise: In what year did St. John's have a population of 214,285?

Hypothesis: With a population of 214,285 as of July 1, 2015, the St. John's Metropolitan Area is the second largest Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) in Atlantic Canada after Halifax and the 20th largest metropolitan area in Canada.


Premise: What governs the ECB?

Hypothesis: Although the ECB is governed by European law directly and thus not by corporate law applying to private law companies, its set-up resembles that of a corporation in the sense that the ECB has shareholders and stock capital.


Premise: What did Reagan wrongly believe Libya to be?

Hypothesis: The Soviets were nevertheless cautious of Gaddafi, seeing him as an unpredictable extremist.


Premise: What rare breed of deer is protected at the Deer Sanctuary at Theydon Bois?

Hypothesis: Muntjac deer, which escaped from deer parks at the turn of the twentieth century, are also found in the forest.


Premise: What was 'Ebn Topnail' normally called?

Hypothesis: In the 12th century CE the Andalusian Muslim philosopher and novelist Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail (known as "Abubacer" or "Ebn Tophail" in the West) included the theory of tabula rasa as a thought experiment in his Arabic philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan in which he depicted the development of the mind of a feral child "from a tabula rasa to that of an adult, in complete isolation from society" on a desert island, through experience alone.


Premise: When was Weld re-elected governor?

Hypothesis: In 1996, Kerry faced a difficult re-election fight against Governor William Weld, a popular Republican incumbent who had been re-elected in 1994 with 71% of the vote.


Premise: How long was Jesus said to be in the tomb?

Hypothesis: Some have argued that Jesus was crucified on Wednesday, not Friday, on the grounds of the mention of "three days and three nights" in Matthew before his resurrection, celebrated on Sunday.


Premise: What was aerobic gymnastics called orginally?

Hypothesis: Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills.


Premise: Who wrote about police development-aid in 2007?

Hypothesis: This form of transnational policing plays an increasingly important role in United Nations peacekeeping and this looks set to grow in the years ahead, especially as the international community seeks to develop the rule of law and reform security institutions in States recovering from conflict (Goldsmith and Sheptycki, 2007)


Premise: BDNF is an abbreviation for what term?

Hypothesis: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and physical activity appear to play a beneficial role in the process.


Premise: The memorial chapel of the airmen of the RAF has a window for what?

Hypothesis: At the east end of the Lady Chapel is a memorial chapel to the airmen of the RAF who were killed in the Second World War.


Premise: Who publishes Tucson Weekly?

Hypothesis: Tucson has one daily newspaper, the morning Arizona Daily Star.


Premise: When did the Cincinnati Red Stockings come to be?

Hypothesis: The franchise soon relocated to Boston and is now the Atlanta Braves, but its name survives as the origin for both the Cincinnati Reds and Boston Red Sox.


Premise: What days were AFL games traditionally played on before the TV deal?

Hypothesis: Beginning with the 2003 season, the AFL made a deal with NBC to televise league games, which was renewed for another two years in 2005.


Premise: New Amsterdam became the title of New York City in what past date?

Hypothesis: New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790.


Premise: What author is credited with explaining the usage of daylight saving time and daylight savings time with an "s" in the English Journal of the (American) National Council of Teachers of English?

Hypothesis: This is because the older form is still very common in print and preferred by many editors.


Premise: Who barely missed the scoreboard when he launched a home run ball onto Sheffield Avenue?

Hypothesis: In 1948, Bill Nicholson barely missed the scoreboard when he launched a home run ball onto Sheffield Avenue and in 1959, Roberto Clemente came even closer with a home run ball hit onto Waveland Avenue.


Premise: How many years long was a scientific course under Patrick Dillon at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: Dillon's scientific courses were six years of work, including higher-level mathematics courses.


Premise: What was another name for the Conspiration des poignards?

Hypothesis: The Duke was quickly executed after a secret military trial, even though he had not been involved in the plot.


Premise: In what year did Francis, Duke of Anjou leave the Netherlands?

Hypothesis: After the assassination of William of Orange (10 July 1584), both Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England declined the offer of sovereignty.


Premise: The polish believed szlachta derived from the name of who?

Hypothesis: Early Polish historians thought the term may have derived from the name of the legendary proto-Polish chief, Lech, mentioned in Polish and Czech writings.


Premise: By the end of Augustus's reign what was an established fact?

Hypothesis: By then the Imperial cult apparatus was fully developed, first in the Eastern Provinces, then in the West.


Premise: What is the largest athletic organisation in the country?

Hypothesis: Sport forms an integral part of German life, as demonstrated by the fact that 27 million Germans are members of a sports club and an additional twelve million pursue such an activity individually.


Premise: How tall is the the Suur Munamägi?

Hypothesis: A small, recent cluster of meteorite craters, the largest of which is called Kaali is found on Saaremaa, Estonia.


Premise: What is the name of the college a capella event that's been held since 1975?

Hypothesis: However the longest continuously-singing group is probably The Whiffenpoofs of Yale University, which was formed in 1909 and once included Cole Porter as a member.


Premise: The gland directly underneath the hypothalamus is which gland?

Hypothesis: The pituitary gland secretes hormones into the bloodstream, where they circulate throughout the body and induce changes in cellular activity.


Premise: How is current brought to the rotor in a synchronous motor?

Hypothesis: One type of synchronous motor is like an induction motor except the rotor is excited by a DC field.


Premise: What aids birds with flight?

Hypothesis: The cloaca is a multi-purpose opening: waste is expelled through it, most birds mate by joining cloaca, and females lay eggs from it.


Premise: When was the ascent of the Matterhorn?

Hypothesis: Karl Blodig (1859–1956) was among the first to successfully climb all the major 4,000 m peaks.


Premise: What does MANPADS stand for?

Hypothesis: SHORAD (Short Range AD) and MANPADS ("Man Portable AD Systems": typically shoulder-launched missiles).


Premise: How much revenue did Apple announce for Q2 2007?

Hypothesis: In April 2007, Apple reported second quarter revenue of US$5.2 billion, of which 32% was made from iPod sales.


Premise: What did samurai wives' duties include when their husbands were away?

Hypothesis: This was especially crucial during early feudal Japan, when warrior husbands were often traveling abroad or engaged in clan battles.


Premise: The group pattern is connected to the structure of the target by what behavior?

Hypothesis: A group is said to act on another mathematical object X if every group element performs some operation on X compatibly to the group law.


Premise: How are Jehovah Witnesses assigned to congregations?

Hypothesis: Witnesses are assigned to a congregation in whose "territory" they usually reside and attend weekly services they refer to as "meetings" as scheduled by congregation elders.


Premise: When did the Declaration of Delhi happen?

Hypothesis: This was the Declaration of Delhi.


Premise: What type of artistic form flourished at the time of the Middle Ages?

Hypothesis: Epic poetry, notably the "acritic songs", flourished during Middle Ages.


Premise: Who backed the South African government which caused the case to be dropped?

Hypothesis: After international protest in favour of public health rights (including the collection of 250,000 signatures by MSF), the governments of several developed countries (including The Netherlands, Germany, France, and later the US) backed the South African government, and the case was dropped in April of that year.


Premise: What were the consequences of John William Bean's attempt to fire at the Queen?

Hypothesis: Bean was sentenced to 18 months in jail.


Premise: What company made the U-2?

Hypothesis: With Dulles' recommendation, he authorized the deployment of thirty Lockheed


Premise: What was the charity that Liszt and Chopin last performed for?

Hypothesis: Their last appearance together in public was for a charity concert conducted for the Beethoven Memorial in Bonn, held at the Salle Pleyel and the Paris Conservatory on 25 and 26 April 1841.


Premise: What percentage have discussions of race in the context of medical disorders increased from zero to?

Hypothesis: The study argues that the textbooks' fundamental message about the existence of races has changed little.


Premise: A term that refers to the highs and lows of power in electro magnetic waves is?

Hypothesis: The ratio of maximum power to minimum power in the wave can be measured and is called the standing wave ratio (SWR).


Premise: What year did Mildred Burke retire?

Hypothesis: She then formed the World Women's Wrestling Association in the early 1950s and recognized herself as the first champion, although the championship would be vacated upon her retirement in 1956.


Premise: What's the three-letter acronym for institut universitaire de technologie?

Hypothesis: They are referred-to as institut universitaire de technologie (IUT).


Premise: The state has great diversity thanks to the large number of what?

Hypothesis: The state has a great diversity due to the large number of microclimates found and dramatic varying terrain.


Premise: Who were the other judges to leave after this season?

Hypothesis: Towards the end of the season, Randy Jackson, the last remaining of the original judges, announced that he would no longer serve as a judge to pursue other business ventures.


Premise: Which company became invovled in a political controversy?

Hypothesis: Once-promising solar energy company, Solyndra, became involved in a political controversy involving U.S. President Barack Obama's administration's authorization of a $535 million loan guarantee to the Corporation in 2009 as part of a program to promote alternative energy growth.


Premise: What has been falsely credited to Chopin?

Hypothesis: Contemporary accounts indicate that in performance, Chopin avoided rigid procedures sometimes incorrectly attributed to him, such as "always crescendo to a high note", but that he was concerned with expressive phrasing, rhythmic consistency and sensitive colouring.


Premise: Who believes that the market does not value nature's service adequately?

Hypothesis: Lester Brown states that the market "does not incorporate the indirect costs of providing goods or services into prices, it does not value nature's services adequately, and it does not respect the sustainable-yield thresholds of natural systems".


Premise: In what year did cardinals in the Roman Catholic church start wearing red?

Hypothesis: In Medieval painting red was used to attract attention to the most important figures; both Christ and the Virgin Mary were commonly painted wearing red mantles.


Premise: To whom did the Virgin Mary allegedly appear in 1858 in Lourdes France?

Hypothesis: It is a replica of the grotto at Lourdes, France where the Virgin Mary reputedly appeared to Saint Bernadette Soubirous in 1858.


Premise: What is the name for the practice of singing strictly by the score in opera?

Hypothesis: In opera, the practice of singing strictly by the score, i.e. come scritto, was famously propagated by soprano Maria Callas, who called this practice 'straitjacketing' and implied that it allows the intention of the composer to be understood better, especially during studying the music for the first time.


Premise: What are some of the authorized head dresses for the CAF?

Hypothesis: Authorized headdress for the Canadian Armed Forces are the: beret, wedge cap, ballcap, Yukon cap, and tuque (toque).


Premise: Where did archaeology on the international scene fall into?

Hypothesis: Archaeology on the international scene, although very much of intellectual interest to the major universities, fell into the shadow of international relations.


Premise: Which trial in Manhatten helped establish the right of freedom of the press?

Hypothesis: The Stamp Act Congress met in New York in October 1765 as the Sons of Liberty organized in the city, skirmishing over the next ten years with British troops stationed there.


Premise: Who theorized about pulmonary circulation?

Hypothesis: Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (also known as Abulcasis) contributed to the discipline of medical surgery with his Kitab al-Tasrif ("Book of Concessions"), a medical encyclopedia which was later translated to Latin and used in European and Muslim medical schools for centuries.


Premise: How did the Church view Mary in regards to her personal sins ?

Hypothesis: The definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin.


Premise: What significance does Dec 7/ 1948 hold?

Hypothesis: This format was soon dropped as it became clear that the RCA 45 was the single of choice and


Premise: What did Jedlik call his earliest devices?

Hypothesis: Although they were used only for instructional purposes, in 1828 Jedlik demonstrated the first device to contain the three main components of practical DC motors: the stator, rotor and commutator.


Premise: What did the President think the telephone was, such that he refused to buy the patent?

Hypothesis: The president of Western Union balked, countering that the telephone was nothing but a toy.


Premise: What legal system was introduced by the British in Florida

Hypothesis: Furthermore, the British governors were directed to call general assemblies as soon as possible in order to make laws for the Floridas and in the meantime they were, with the advice of councils, to establish courts.


Premise: Why are average trip distances so lengthy in San Diego?

Hypothesis: Testament to San Diego's cycling efforts, in 2006, San Diego was rated as the best city for cycling for U.S. cities with a population over 1 million.


Premise: Who was a big proponent of modernism in art?

Hypothesis: It was in the second half of the 20th century that the artistic movement began to drift apart from the Revolutionary theme.


Premise: When did Eisenhower become President of the United States?

Hypothesis: The trustees of Columbia University refused to accept Eisenhower's resignation in December 1950, when he took an extended leave from the university to become the Supreme Commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and he was given operational command of NATO forces in Europe.


Premise: What was Tucson's population in 1920?

Hypothesis: In 2006 the population of Pima County, in which Tucson is located, passed one million while the City of Tucson's population was 535,000.


Premise: What other culture did the Greek states share boarders with ?

Hypothesis: Many of these regions coincided to a large extent with the borders of the Byzantine Empire of the late 11th century and the Eastern Mediterranean areas of ancient Greek colonization.


Premise: Who do the many folk clubs today cater to?

Hypothesis: The county produced one of the major figures of the revival in Ewan MacColl, but also a local champion in Harry Boardman, who from 1965 onwards probably did more than anyone to popularise and record the folk song of the county.


Premise: In which U.S. state was the oldest definitive evidence of TB found?

Hypothesis: A comparison of the genes of M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in humans to MTBC in animals suggests humans did not acquire MTBC from animals during animal domestication, as was previously believed.


Premise: When did Vincenzo Galilei die?

Hypothesis: 1520–1591), father of Galileo and the inventor of monody, made use of the method in successfully solving musical problems, firstly, of tuning such as the relationship of pitch to string tension and mass in stringed instruments, and to volume of air in wind instruments; and secondly to composition, by his various suggestions to composers in his Dialogo della musica antica e moderna (Florence, 1581).


Premise: What are some major industrial outputs of Sichuan?

Hypothesis: In addition to heavy industries such as coal, energy, iron and steel, the province has also established a light industrial sector comprising building materials, wood processing, food and silk processing.


Premise: What company did Beyoncé's father work for when she was a child?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé's younger sister Solange is also a singer and a former member of Destiny's Child.


Premise: How many native German speakers in the world are there?

Hypothesis: Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.).


Premise: What was the outcome of the jury's deliberation in the trial?

Hypothesis: On 22 January 2015, the jury was discharged after failing to reach verdicts on the outstanding charges.


Premise: Who hosted Essentials Jr. between 2009 and 2011?

Hypothesis: "Funday Night at the Movies" was replaced in 2008 by "Essentials Jr.", a youth-oriented version of its weekly series The Essentials (originally hosted by actors Abigail Breslin and Chris O'Donnell, then by John Lithgow from 2009 to 2011, and then by Bill Hader starting with the 2011 season), which included such family-themed films as National Velvet, Captains Courageous and Yours, Mine and Ours, as well as more eclectic selections as Sherlock, Jr., The Music Box, Harvey, Mutiny on the Bounty and The Man


Premise: What's the name of the local ITV division?

Hypothesis: That's Solent is an local television channel that began broadcasting in November 2014, which will be based in and serve Southampton and Portsmouth.


Premise: What period in the 19th century were historians more inclined to draw on the judgements of the chroniclers?

Hypothesis: By the Victorian period in the 19th century historians were more inclined to draw on the judgements of the chroniclers and to focus on John's moral personality.


Premise: What is NESA?

Hypothesis: As its Near East is not different from the State Department's it does not appear in the table.


Premise: Who gave the EU translations of the European Constitution?

Hypothesis: This clash of opinions has sparked much controversy.


Premise: Who is helping the Somali Postal service reach its capacity?

Hypothesis: The Universal Postal Union is now assisting the Somali Postal Service to develop its capacity, including providing technical assistance and basic mail processing equipment.


Premise: House music is characterized by what type of beats?

Hypothesis: While house displayed several characteristics similar to disco music, it was more electronic and minimalistic, and the repetitive rhythm of house was more important than the song itself.


Premise: Where is the Museo y Parque Fernando Garcia located?

Hypothesis: The Museo del Gaucho y de la Moneda, located in the Centro, has distinctive displays of the historical culture of Uruguay's gauchos, their horse gear, silver work and mate (tea), gourds, and bombillas (drinking straws) in odd designs.


Premise: Name some adverse effects?

Hypothesis: Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis.


Premise: Karen Armstrong has said that we can be confident who existed?

Hypothesis: In writing her biography of the Buddha, Karen Armstrong noted, "It is obviously difficult, therefore, to write a biography of the Buddha that meets modern criteria, because we have very little information that can be considered historically sound...


Premise: In what city are the New Jersey Devils located?

Hypothesis: Also within the metropolitan area are the New Jersey Devils, who play in nearby Newark, New Jersey.


Premise: What was Europe's perspective o Africa containing one-fifth of the worlds population?

Hypothesis: However, from Europe's perspective, they were dividing an unknown continent.


Premise: What is Antarctica's annual precipitation along the coast?

Hypothesis: Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland.


Premise: When was the Sentinel Newspaper introduced?

Hypothesis: The island has two local newspapers, both of which are available on the Internet.


Premise: How many students attend UNAM?

Hypothesis: The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), located in Mexico City, is the largest university on the continent, with more than 300,000 students from all backgrounds.


Premise: A clepsyrda was found in the tomb of which Pharaoh?

Hypothesis: Arab inventors and engineers in particular made improvements on the use of water clocks up to the Middle Ages.


Premise: What sector provides about a quarter of Southampton's available jobs?

Hypothesis: Just over a quarter of the jobs available in the city are in the health and education sector.


Premise: In what region of modern-day France did the Vikings settle?

Hypothesis: The Atlantic and northern shores were harassed by the Vikings, who also raided the British Isles and settled there as well as in Iceland.


Premise: How would you compare the rules of a treaty and a covenant under international law?

Hypothesis: A treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely sovereign states and international organizations.


Premise: Hans Denck was considered what type of reformer?

Hypothesis: Second Front Reformers included Hans Denck, Conrad Grebel, Balthasar Hubmaier and Felix Manz.


Premise: To which body can decisions made by this specific high court be appealed?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, in some places the court named the "Supreme Court" is not in fact the highest court; examples include the New York Supreme Court, the Supreme Courts of several Canadian provinces/territories and the former Supreme Court of Judicature of England and Wales, which are all superseded by higher Courts of Appeal.


Premise: What did Musharraf say he'd combat?

Hypothesis: He stated that his government was committed to rooting out extremism and made it clear that the banned militant organizations would not be allowed to resurface under any new name.


Premise: What was the Union Pacific once known as?

Hypothesis: Downtown is generally regarded as the area bordered by 17th Street to the south, I-10 to the west, and 6th Street to the north, and Toole Avenue and the Union Pacific (formerly Southern Pacific) railroad tracks, site of the historic train depot and "Locomotive #1673", built in 1900.


Premise: What was the gross primary enrollment rate in 1998?

Hypothesis: The enrollment of boys is higher than that of girls.


Premise: How many languages are spoken by Muslims?

Hypothesis: More than 20% of the world's population is Muslim.


Premise: What has zinc replaced in pipe organs?

Hypothesis: Zinc is also used in contemporary pipe organs as a substitute for the traditional lead/tin alloy in pipes.


Premise: Are treaties permanently binding upon the signatory parties?

Hypothesis: As obligations in international law are traditionally viewed as arising only from the consent of states, many treaties expressly allow a state to withdraw as long as it follows certain procedures of notification.


Premise: The most diverse insects coevolved with what?

Hypothesis: The life cycles of insects vary but most hatch from eggs.


Premise: What instigated conflict between the Ottoman and Russian Empire?

Hypothesis: This was because the Imperial Russian Army contained a contingent of Armenian volunteers.


Premise: According to a poll, what percentage of New Jersey voters opposed the takeover of Atlantic City by the state?

Hypothesis: The February 16, 2011 survey showed that 43% opposed the measure while 29% favored direct state oversight.


Premise: Which groups or religions were greatly accepted in Alsace?

Hypothesis: Many accepted without discrimination Catholics, Lutherans, Calvinists, Jews and Anabaptists.


Premise: What organization said Oklahoma's centennial was the top event in the US that year?

Hypothesis: Oklahoma's centennial celebration was named the top event in the United States for 2007 by the American Bus Association, and consisted of multiple celebrations saving with the 100th anniversary of statehood on November 16, 2007.


Premise: Pieces published after what year stopped receiving opus numbers?

Hypothesis: Works published since 1857 have received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers.


Premise: What was the problem with the views of Parsons?

Hypothesis: In reaction, conflict theory was developed, which was based in part on the philosophies of Karl Marx.


Premise: Which part of the constitution was the basis for policies that were developed during the Civil Rights Movement?

Hypothesis: The decisions came to be known as affirmative action in which mandatory, as well as voluntary programs, affirmed the civil rights of people of color.


Premise: How does Darwin theorize that instincts have evolved in bees?

Hypothesis: He thought it reasonable that species with an extreme dependency on slave workers had evolved in incremental steps.


Premise: How many songs are on the Take Me Out to a Cubs Game album?

Hypothesis: It is a collection of 17 songs and other recordings related to the team, including Harry Caray's final performance of "Take Me Out to the Ball Game" on September 21, 1997, the Steve Goodman song mentioned above, and a newly recorded rendition of "Talkin' Baseball" (subtitled "Baseball and the Cubs") by Terry Cashman.


Premise: What is the street address of Universal Studios' production studios?

Hypothesis: Universal Studios Inc. (also known as Universal Pictures) is an American film studio, owned by Comcast through its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal, and is one of Hollywood's "Big Six" film studios.


Premise: How did Boston's population change in the 1820's?

Hypothesis: In the 1820s, Boston's population grew rapidly, and the city's ethnic composition changed dramatically with the first wave of European immigrants.


Premise: What cause mutual interactions between the elements electric and magnetic fields?

Hypothesis: However, because of the mutual interaction between their electric and magnetic fields due to proximity, the currents in each element are not simply a function of the applied voltage (according to its driving point impedance), but depend on the currents in the other nearby elements.


Premise: Which mosaic survived through the 9th century, and then had a copy made in the 18th?

Hypothesis: It was plastered over during a renovation in 1585.


Premise: The bombers used what out of desperation?

Hypothesis: The heavy fighting in the Battle of Britain had eaten up most of Fighter Command's resources, so there was little investment in night fighting.


Premise: What are vocalizations of the name of God, YHWH?

Hypothesis: In the Hebrew Bible and Judaism, "He Who Is", "I Am that I Am", and the tetragrammaton YHWH are used as names of God, while Yahweh and Jehovah are sometimes used in Christianity as vocalizations of YHWH.


Premise: When is Minority Report set?

Hypothesis: The film received strong reviews with the review tallying website Rotten Tomatoes giving it a 92% approval rating, reporting that 206 out of the 225 reviews they tallied were positive.


Premise: What can insulate against cold or hot conditions?

Hypothesis: Further, they can provide a hygienic barrier, keeping infectious and toxic materials away from the body.


Premise: How successful was RCA Victor's program-transcription discs?

Hypothesis: In 1931, RCA Victor launched the first commercially available vinyl long-playing record, marketed as program-transcription discs.


Premise: When was the case of v. Grumet?

Hypothesis: The incorporation of the First Amendment establishment clause in the landmark case of Everson v. Board of Education has impacted the subsequent interpretation of the separation of church and state in regard to the state governments.


Premise: What is cladistics a method of?

Hypothesis: Some researchers have tried to clarify the idea of race by equating it to the biological idea of the clade.


Premise: What is created when the vocal folds are spread and do not vibrate?

Hypothesis: An easy way to measure this is by noting the consonant's voice-onset time, as the voicing of a following vowel cannot begin until the vocal cords close.


Premise: When was the second reign of Chalukyans?

Hypothesis: The Badami Chalukyas began to assert their independence at the decline of the Kadamba kingdom of Banavasi and rapidly rose to prominence during the reign of Pulakeshin II.


Premise: What has had parallel growth of in the 20th century?

Hypothesis: Parallel with the growth of specialized agencies for conducting or supporting statescraft in the second half of the 20th century has been the collection of resources for scholarship and research typically in university settings.


Premise: How is alcohol measured in the human body?

Hypothesis: Drinking enough to cause a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.03%-0.12% typically causes an overall improvement in mood and possible euphoria, increased self-confidence and sociability, decreased anxiety, a flushed, red appearance in the face and impaired judgment and fine muscle coordination.


Premise: What order was the division of Korea included in?

Hypothesis: Explaining the choice of the 38th parallel, Rusk observed, "even though it was further north than could be realistically reached by U.S. forces, in the event of Soviet disagreement...we felt it important to include the capital of Korea in the area of responsibility of American troops".


Premise: In what year did Pliny the Elder publish the largest encyclopedia?

Hypothesis: Theophrastus wrote some of the earliest descriptions of plants and animals, establishing the first taxonomy and looking at minerals in terms of their properties such as hardness.


Premise: What group heads up the Global Plan to Stop Tuberculosis?

Hypothesis: A number of targets they have set are not likely to be achieved by 2015, mostly due to the increase in HIV-associated tuberculosis and the emergence of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis.


Premise: What was the off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption often referred to as?

Hypothesis: In the 1970s the newly built supermarkets and high street chain stores or off-licences undercut the pub prices to such a degree that within ten years all but a handful of pubs had closed their off-sale counters, which had often been referred to colloquially as the jug and bottle.


Premise: Where was Myoscolex found?

Hypothesis: It is not until the early Ordovician that the first annelid jaws are found, thus the crown-group cannot have appeared before this date and probably appeared somewhat later.


Premise: What is another group that anti-masonic muslims link to zionism?

Hypothesis: Many Islamic anti-Masonic arguments are closely tied to both antisemitism and Anti-Zionism, though other criticisms are made such as linking Freemasonry to al-Masih ad-Dajjal (the false Messiah).


Premise: What was the name of the BBC changed to in 1960?

Hypothesis: The BBC Television Service (renamed "BBC tv" in 1960) showed popular programming, including drama, comedies, documentaries, game shows, and soap operas, covering a wide range of genres and regularly competed with ITV to become the channel with the highest ratings for that week.


Premise: What battles were initially complete disasters for Rome?

Hypothesis: The first few naval battles were disasters for Rome.


Premise: What commission merged the National Archives with GSA?

Hypothesis: As a result of a first Hoover Commission recommendation, in 1949 the National Archives was placed within the newly formed General Services Administration (GSA).


Premise: What year was the Olympic Games apparatus and events standardized?

Hypothesis: The new medium of television has helped publicize and initiate a modern age of gymnastics.


Premise: How many songs are on the Take Me Out to a Cubs Game album?

Hypothesis: An album entitled Take Me Out to a Cubs Game was released in 2008.


Premise: What is the number of schools that collapsed in Dujiangyan?

Hypothesis: Eight schools were toppled in Dujiangyan.


Premise: Where is CESLA located?

Hypothesis: The Parisian school of journalism CELSA department of the Paris-Sorbonne University is located in Neuilly-sur-Seine.


Premise: What was the RCC's view of political parties?

Hypothesis: Ruling by decree, the RCC maintained the monarchy's ban on political parties, in May 1970 banned trade unions, and in 1972 outlawed workers' strikes and suspended newspapers.


Premise: Who all was identified by name in the house holds?

Hypothesis: Native Americans were included among "Other;" in later censuses, they were included as "Free people of color" if they were not living on Indian reservations.


Premise: How many clubs competed in 20011-12?

Hypothesis: A record 763 clubs competed in 2011–12.


Premise: When was the University of Berlin founded?

Hypothesis: Engels helped develop communist theory in the second half of the 19th century while Heidegger and Gadamer pursued the tradition of German philosophy in the 20th century.


Premise: What was Whitehead's belief about God in relation to religion?

Hypothesis: It should be emphasized, however, that for Whitehead God is not necessarily tied to religion.


Premise: The bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union followed the Swiss rejection of what?

Hypothesis: The treaty establishes rights and obligations between the Swiss and the EU and the member states severally—it does not establish any rights and obligations amongst the EU and its member states.[citation needed]


Premise: What happened to The reformers in the Qing dynasty?

Hypothesis: However, many of these measures were opposed by the conservatives of the Qing Court, and many reformers were either imprisoned or executed outright.


Premise: How are power factor correction capacitors sometimes installed?

Hypothesis: Individual motor or lamp loads may have capacitors for power factor correction, or larger sets of capacitors (usually with automatic switching devices) may be installed at a load center within a building or in a large utility substation.


Premise: Who were two 20th century writers who blurred the lines between journalism and literature?

Hypothesis: William Burroughs, in his early works, and Hunter S. Thompson expanded documentary reporting into strong subjective statements after the second World War, and post-modern critics have disparaged the idea of objective realism in general.


Premise: Who first crossed the Pacific ocean using a solar powered boat?

Hypothesis: In 1996, Kenichi Horie made the first solar powered crossing of the Pacific Ocean, and the sun21 catamaran made the first solar powered crossing of the Atlantic Ocean in the winter of 2006–2007.


Premise: What company worked with Kanye in 2009 to create his own shoe line?

Hypothesis: In September 2005, West announced that he would release his Pastelle Clothing line in spring 2006, claiming "Now that I have a Grammy under my belt and Late Registration is finished, I am ready to launch my clothing line next spring.


Premise: How far back did records show the art of sound recordings?

Hypothesis: Evidence from the early technical literature concerning electrical recording suggests that it wasn't until the 1942–1949 period that there were serious efforts to standardize recording characteristics within an industry.


Premise: What was Zhong Yao known for?

Hypothesis: It then matured further in the Eastern Jin dynasty in the hands of the "Sage of Calligraphy", Wang Xizhi, and his son Wang Xianzhi.


Premise: What percentage of those people taking the test were African American?

Hypothesis: Although 23% of those taking the test were African American, none scored high enough to qualify.


Premise: Along with spinning, what income-producing work did peasant women engage in?

Hypothesis: They could supplement the household income by spinning or brewing at home.


Premise: How many schools offer polytechnics?

Hypothesis: The polytechnics of Thuringia are based in Erfurt (4,500 students), Jena (5,000 students), Nordhausen (2,500 students) and Schmalkalden (3,000 students).


Premise: What is the Quakers unifying belief?

Hypothesis: The central unifying doctrine of these movements is the priesthood of all believers.


Premise: Who took over German New Guinea?

Hypothesis: In the Pacific, Australia and New Zealand occupied German New Guinea and Samoa respectively.


Premise: What math competition has Russian as an official language?

Hypothesis: The Russian language is also one of two official languages aboard the International Space Station - NASA astronauts who serve alongside Russian cosmonauts usually take Russian language courses.


Premise: On what day did Bell get to Washington?

Hypothesis: Bell was in Boston on February 14 and did not arrive in Washington until February 26.


Premise: If Mexico City was declared a state, how many states would be in the federation?

Hypothesis: Some political groups even proposed that the Federal District be converted into the 32nd state of the federation.


Premise: What is an example of an obligate relationship?

Hypothesis: For example, many lichens consist of fungal and photosynthetic symbionts that cannot live on their own.


Premise: What do groups with less power often find themselves?

Hypothesis: Socioeconomic factors, in combination with early but enduring views of race, have led to considerable suffering within disadvantaged racial groups.


Premise: What is the name of the first commercial hotel built in Atlantic City?

Hypothesis: In 1853, the first commercial hotel, The Belloe House, located at Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenue, was built.


Premise: What also happened in 1939 besides tyrothricin?

Hypothesis: It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating wounds and ulcers during World War II.


Premise: How does this compare an average Premier League team?

Hypothesis: Though designed to help teams adjust to the loss of television revenues (the average Premier League team receives £55 million while the average Football League Championship club receives £2 million), critics maintain that the payments actually widen the gap between teams that have reached the Premier League and those that have not, leading to the common occurrence of teams "bouncing back" soon after their relegation.


Premise: What breed was the largest dog known to have lived?

Hypothesis: The largest known dog was an English Mastiff which weighed 155.6 kg (343 lb) and was 250 cm (98 in) from the snout to the tail.


Premise: What document did Foreign Minister de Brum present at the 44th Pacific Islands Forum summit?

Hypothesis: De Brum proposed a Majuro Declaration for Climate Leadership to galvanize concrete action on climate change.


Premise: What did the Movement question?

Hypothesis: During this period, Bengal witnessed an intellectual awakening that is in some way similar to the Renaissance in Europe during the 16th century, although Europeans of that age were not confronted with the challenge and influence of alien colonialism.


Premise: What musical family does the mandolin come from?

Hypothesis: A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mandoˈliːno]; literally "small mandola") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick".


Premise: When did Sikhism begin?

Hypothesis: In the mid-fifteenth century, the religion of Sikhism was born.


Premise: Large, slow servos can use what types of motors?

Hypothesis: Large, powerful, but slow-responding servo loops may use conventional AC or DC motors and drive systems with position or speed feedback on the motor.


Premise: What is the country called in sessions of the United Nations?

Hypothesis: The United Nations uses Myanmar, as do the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Russia, Germany, China, India, Norway, and Japan.


Premise: On which date did Muhammad begin receiving the Quran?

Hypothesis: Muslims regard the Quran as the most important miracle of Muhammad, a proof of his prophethood, and the culmination of a series of divine messages that started with the messages revealed to Adam and ended with Muhammad.


Premise: As of 2006, where did Somalis rank in terms of population by ethnicity in Canada?

Hypothesis: Civil strife in the early 1990s greatly increased the size of the Somali diaspora, as many of the best educated Somalis left for the Middle East, Europe and North America.


Premise: What can be treacherous even in summer due to steep slopes?

Hypothesis: Many passes are closed in winter.


Premise: What can be important in a wrestler's career?

Hypothesis: A wrestler's championship accomplishments can be central to their career, becoming a measure of their performance ability and drawing power.


Premise: Besides Barcelona and Real Madrid, what other team has remained in the Primera Division?

Hypothesis: In 2009, Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the continental treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the UEFA Champions League, and also became the first football club to win six out of six competitions in a single year, completing the sextuple in also winning the Spanish Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup.


Premise: Over what span were the Baby Sandy films made?

Hypothesis: The studio fostered many series: The Dead End Kids and Little Tough Guys action features and serials (1938–43); the comic adventures of infant Baby Sandy (1938–41); comedies with Hugh Herbert (1938–42) and The Ritz Brothers (1940–43); musicals with Robert Paige, Jane Frazee, The Andrews Sisters, and The Merry Macs (1938–45); and westerns with Tom Mix (1932–33), Buck Jones (1933–36), Bob Baker (1938–39), Johnny Mack Brown (1938–43); Rod Cameron (1944–45), and Kirby Grant (1946–47).


Premise: What does the introductory AAI immunology course do?

Hypothesis: The AAI immunology courses include an Introductory Course and an Advance Course.


Premise: What Dominican founded the Revue Thomiste?

Hypothesis: The Pontificium Collegium Internationale Angelicum, the future Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum established at Rome in 1908 by Master Hyacinth Cormier, opened its doors to regulars and seculars for the study of the sacred sciences.


Premise: Who founded Domino's pizza?

Hypothesis: Other local colleges and universities include Concordia University Ann Arbor, a Lutheran liberal-arts institution; a campus of the University of Phoenix; and Cleary University, a private business school.


Premise: What are pre-schools also known as?

Hypothesis: These are also known as nursery schools and as kindergarten, except in the US, where kindergarten is a term used for primary education.[citation needed] Kindergarten "provide[s] a child-centered, preschool curriculum for three- to seven-year-old children that aim[s] at unfolding the child's physical, intellectual, and moral nature with balanced emphasis on each of them."


Premise: Where did Lilienfeld file his patent?

Hypothesis: Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld filed a patent for a field-effect transistor (FET) in Canada in 1925, which was intended to be a solid-state replacement for the triode.


Premise: Were Hellenistic armies smaller or larger than traditional Greek armies?

Hypothesis: Hellenistic armies were significantly larger than those of classical Greece relying increasingly on Greek mercenaries (misthophoroi; men-for-pay) and also on non-Greek soldiery such as Thracians, Galatians, Egyptians and Iranians.


Premise: Who sculpted the Joe Louis memorial?

Hypothesis: The sculpture, commissioned by Sports Illustrated and executed by Robert Graham, is a 24-foot (7.3 m) long arm with a fisted hand suspended by a pyramidal framework.


Premise: What is unusual about the traffic between Broadway and Park Avenue South on 17th Street?

Hypothesis: On 17th Street (40°44′08″N 73°59′12″W / 40.735532°N 73.986575°W / 40.735532; -73.986575), traffic runs one way along the street, from east to west excepting the stretch between Broadway and Park Avenue South, where traffic runs in both directions.


Premise: What role did the fishing village play in Santa Monica?

Hypothesis: The Japanese village fishermen were an integral economic part of the Santa Monica Bay community.


Premise: John seized the lands of who?

Hypothesis: John seized the lands of those clergy unwilling to conduct services, as well as those estates linked to Innocent himself; he arrested the illicit concubines that many clerics kept during the period, only releasing them after the payment of fines; he seized the lands of members of the church who had fled England, and he promised protection for those clergy willing to remain loyal to him.


Premise: What year did Schwarzenegger first try to win the Mr. Olympia title?

Hypothesis: However, Schwarzenegger came back in 1970 and won the competition, making him the youngest ever Mr. Olympia at the age of 23, a record he still holds to this day.


Premise: Who believed that the firing of Litvinov allowed the Soviets to quicker negotiations with Germany?

Hypothesis: Carr argued that the Soviet Union's replacement of Foreign Minister Litvinov with Molotov on May 3, 1939 indicated not an irrevocable shift towards alignment with Germany, but rather was Stalin's way of engaging in hard bargaining with the British and the French by appointing a proverbial hard man, namely Molotov, to the Foreign Commissariat.


Premise: Which commercial company was LaserStack's most successful distributor?

Hypothesis: User-created "stacks" were shared and were especially popular in education where teacher-generated stacks were used to access discs ranging from art collections to basic biological processes.


Premise: Where was Thomas R. Steels a member?

Hypothesis: The motion was passed at all stages by the TUC, and the proposed conference was held at the Memorial Hall on Farringdon Street on 26 and 27 February 1900.


Premise: In what era did red white and black become part of the Nazi flag?

Hypothesis: In the 1920s they were adopted as the colors of the Nazi flag.


Premise: What is considered central to the teachings of Buddhism?

Hypothesis: These four truths explain the nature of dukkha (suffering, anxiety, unsatisfactoriness), its causes, and how it can be overcome.


Premise: Who was the well known sea vessel captain of the Greeks who sailed to Asia  ?

Hypothesis: In later times, the Romioi plied the sea-lanes of the Mediterranean and controlled trade until an embargo imposed by the Roman Emperor on trade with the Caliphate opened the door for the later Italian pre-eminence in trade.


Premise: What did technological changes allow regular homes to have?

Hypothesis: These were initially small panes leaded together, but with the changes in technology, glass could be manufactured relatively cheaply in increasingly larger sheets.


Premise: Who was the US Secretary of Defense in 2002?

Hypothesis: While on a trip to Delhi in 2002, U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld suggested that Al-Qaeda was active in Kashmir, though he did not have any hard evidence.


Premise: According to a misconception, what did the rise of Christianity destroy?

Hypothesis: Other misconceptions such as "the Church prohibited autopsies and dissections during the Middle Ages", "the rise of Christianity killed off ancient science", or "the medieval Christian church suppressed the growth of natural philosophy", are all cited by Numbers as examples of widely popular myths that still pass as historical truth, although they are not supported by current historical research.


Premise: What animal was found dead at the Highway in Wapping, near the Tower Bridge?

Hypothesis: A dead otter was found at The Highway, in Wapping, about a mile from the Tower Bridge, which would suggest that they have begun to move back after being absent a hundred years from the city.


Premise: The basis for the stored-program computer was written by whom?

Hypothesis: The theoretical basis for the stored-program computer was laid by Alan Turing in his 1936 paper.


Premise: What turned into the goal of the student body?

Hypothesis: The Revolutionary War soldier Nathan Hale (Yale 1773) was the prototype of the Yale ideal in the early 19th century: a manly yet aristocratic scholar, equally well-versed in knowledge and sports, and a patriot who "regretted" that he "had but one life to lose" for his country.


Premise: When was the Hesse state government's complaint dismissed?

Hypothesis: The complaint was dismissed in July 1961 on the grounds that Article 29 had made the new delimitation of the federal territory an exclusively federal matter.


Premise: What is sulfate-reducing bacteria accountable for?

Hypothesis: These processes are also important in biological responses to pollution; for example, sulfate-reducing bacteria are largely responsible for the production of the highly toxic forms of mercury (methyl- and dimethylmercury) in the environment. Non-respiratory anaerobes use fermentation to generate energy and reducing power, secreting metabolic by-products (such as ethanol in brewing) as waste.


Premise: What was the group that Friedman and Hayek supported later renamed to?

Hypothesis: Hayek and Friedman cooperated in support of the Intercollegiate Society of Individualists, later renamed the Intercollegiate Studies Institute, an American student organisation devoted to libertarian ideas.


Premise: What is Halyna Kolotnytska's nationality?

Hypothesis: Kolotnytska's daughter denied the suggestion that the relationship was anything but professional.


Premise: Who won the presidential election in 2009?

Hypothesis: Sassou also won the following presidential election in July 2009.


Premise: In place of instruments, what do some modern a cappella groups implement?

Hypothesis: Contemporary a cappella includes many vocal groups and bands who add vocal percussion or beatboxing to create a pop/rock/gospel sound, in some cases very similar to bands with instruments.


Premise: At what event did the color red become the standard color of stop lights?

Hypothesis: It was standarized as the international color at the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals of 1968.


Premise: Can the term "black people" have different meanings?

Hypothesis: Black people is a term used in certain countries, often in socially based systems of racial classification or of ethnicity, to describe persons who are perceived to be dark-skinned compared to other given populations.


Premise: Who did Everton enter talks with to build a new 55,000 seat stadium in Kirkby?

Hypothesis: On 16 June 2006, it was announced that Everton had entered into talks with Knowsley Council and Tesco over the possibility of building a new 55,000 seat stadium, expandable to over 60,000, in Kirkby.


Premise: What is the former Cameroon pavilion?

Hypothesis: The Pagode de Vincennes Buddhist temple, near Lake Daumesnil in the Bois de Vincennes, is the former Cameroon pavilion from the 1931 Paris Colonial Exposition.


Premise: What did Whitehead consider himself as a philosopher?

Hypothesis: Whitehead did not begin his career as a philosopher.


Premise: Which section specifically states that receipts for public money must be published?

Hypothesis: That provision of the Constitution is made specific by Section 331 of Title 31 of the United States Code.


Premise: Jewish law dictates that anyone owning a dog must feed the dog before who?

Hypothesis: Jewish law requires Jews to feed dogs (and other animals that they own) before themselves, and make arrangements for feeding them before obtaining them.


Premise: Were von Neumann's conclusions of collapse of entire universe cause accepted widely?

Hypothesis: In a chapter of The Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, von Neumann deeply analyzed the so-called measurement problem.


Premise: What kind of distinction is lacking between social and cultural anthropology?

Hypothesis: Cultural anthropology is the comparative study of the manifold ways in which people make sense of the world around them, while social anthropology is the study of the relationships among persons and groups.


Premise: What is the closest historically famous city is 44 miles away?

Hypothesis: Richmond is located at the fall line of the James River, 44 miles (71 km) west of Williamsburg, 66 miles (106 km) east of Charlottesville, and 98 miles (158 km) south of Washington, D.C.


Premise: The oldest known method of studying the brain is what?

Hypothesis: The oldest method of studying the brain is anatomical, and until the middle of the 20th century, much of the progress in neuroscience came from the development of better cell stains and better microscopes.


Premise: What age is too young to use spirometry to determine asthma?

Hypothesis: In children under the age of six the diagnosis is more difficult as they are too young for spirometry.


Premise: How many people worked at the tuna loining plant?

Hypothesis: But the plant closed in 2005 after a failed attempt to convert it to produce tuna steaks, a process that requires half as many employees.


Premise: What exacerbated segregation in Detroit?

Hypothesis: One of the implications of racial segregation, which correlates with class segregation, may be overall worse health for some populations.