Premise: Aside from the elevator, where else might a permit be displayed?

Hypothesis: In such cases instead of the permit being displayed in the elevator cab, often a notice is posted in its place informing riders of where the actual permits are kept.


Premise: Whixh population groups were excluded from most institutions of the public sphere?

Hypothesis: Cross-class influences occurred through noble and lower class participation in areas such as the coffeehouses and the Masonic lodges.


Premise: What year did the Duke of York die?

Hypothesis: At birth, Victoria was fifth in the line of succession after her father and his three older brothers: the Prince Regent, the Duke of York, and the Duke of Clarence (later William IV).


Premise: What tennis event has Valencia hosted?

Hypothesis: In addition to these Valencia has hosted world-class events that helped shape the city's reputation and put it in the international spotlight, e.g., the Regional Exhibition of 1909, the 32nd and the 33rd America's Cup competitions, the European Grand Prix of Formula One auto racing, the Valencia Open 500 tennis tournament, and the Global Champions Tour of equestrian sports.


Premise: What type of imbalances have increased as a result of the instability?

Hypothesis: A long period of political instability has resulted in depressed economic activity, deteriorating social conditions, and increased macroeconomic imbalances.


Premise: How many people ride the metro system each day?

Hypothesis: The Metro stations are also differentiated by the use of icons and glyphs which were proposed for people who could not read.


Premise: What is the level called that the special Amiibo will unlock?

Hypothesis: Special bundles of the game contain a Wolf Link Amiibo figurine, which unlocks a Wii U-exclusive dungeon called the "Cave of Shadows" and can carry data over to the upcoming 2016 Zelda game.


Premise: What is St. George credited with?

Hypothesis: It is the oldest continually inhabited English town in the New World.


Premise: In the early 1920s, what was the second most highly populated city in the world?

Hypothesis: The metropolitan area surpassed the 10 million mark in the early 1930s, becoming the first megacity in human history.


Premise: Why do Jehovah Witnesses believe the Bible condemns mixing of religions?

Hypothesis: Jehovah's Witnesses believe that the Bible condemns the mixing of religions, on the basis that there can only be one truth from God, and therefore reject interfaith and ecumenical movements.


Premise: What additional ideas did von Neumann contribute to Atomic bomb?

Hypothesis: Von Neumann's principal contribution to the atomic bomb was in the concept and design of the explosive lenses needed to compress the plutonium core of the Fat Man weapon that was later dropped on Nagasaki.


Premise: What company did the Williams Formula One team originally build the C-X75 prototype for?

Hypothesis: The C-X75s used for filming were developed by the engineering division of Formula One racing team Williams, who built the original C-X75 prototype for Jaguar.


Premise: Greeks in Istanbul owned how many wholesale companies in 1911?

Hypothesis: In 1911, of the 654 wholesale companies in Istanbul, 528 were owned by ethnic Greeks.


Premise: What feature made Wanamakers different from other stores at the time?

Hypothesis: Wanamakers was the first department store to offer fixed prices marked on every article and also introduced electrical illumination (1878), the telephone (1879), and the use of pneumatic tubes to transport cash and documents (1880) to the department store business.


Premise: What areas within Greater London have city status?

Hypothesis: Within London, both the City of London and the City of Westminster have city status and both the City of London and the remainder of Greater London are counties for the purposes of lieutenancies.


Premise: What type of countries have set branches for territorial air defence?

Hypothesis: This is in contrast to some (largely communist or ex-communist) countries where not only are there provisions for air defence in the army, navy and air force but there are specific branches that deal only with the air defence of territory, for example, the Soviet PVO Strany.


Premise: While each scene has its own character and completeness, it must fit into what?

Hypothesis: The artists seem to have been dominated by geometrical pattern and order, and this was improved when classical art brought a greater freedom and economy.


Premise: When did Tibet and China sign a peace treaty?

Hypothesis: In 821/822 CE Tibet and China signed a peace treaty.


Premise: Where was Tony Wilson's Factory based?

Hypothesis: During the initial punk era, a variety of entrepreneurs interested in local punk-influenced music scenes began founding independent record labels, including Rough Trade (founded by record shop owner Geoff Travis) and Factory (founded by Manchester-based television personality Tony Wilson).


Premise: What species dominated many tree floras by the end of the Cretaceous period?

Hypothesis: The Jurassic was the height of archosaur diversity, and the first birds and eutherian mammals also appeared.


Premise: How did supporters of the team view the inscriptions on bricks idea?

Hypothesis: The idea was popular with supporters, and thousands of people paid the fee.


Premise: What type of poetry debuted in the Hellenistic period?

Hypothesis: The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, Alexandrian poetry, the Septuagint and the philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism.


Premise: Who are Kautilya and Vishnugupta usually grouped with?

Hypothesis: Roger Boesche describes the Arthaśāstra as "a book of political realism, a book analysing how the political world does work and not very often stating how it ought to work, a book that frequently discloses to a king what calculating and sometimes brutal measures he must carry out to preserve the state and the common good."


Premise: What decade does the sulfite process date to?

Hypothesis: There are three main chemical pulping processes: the sulfite process dates back to the 1840s and it was the dominant method extent before the second world war.


Premise: When did Prince and Smolensky develop their theory?

Hypothesis: The approach was soon extended to morphology by John McCarthy and Alan Prince, and has become a dominant trend in phonology.


Premise: Where does Eugen Buss work?

Hypothesis: According to Eugen Buss, a sociology professor at the University of Hohenheim, there's an ongoing normalisation and more and more Germans are becoming openly proud of their country.


Premise: What caused disagreement about Yale's new position?

Hypothesis: He may have misunderstood some of the challenges of his time, but he correctly anticipated the enduring tensions that have accompanied the emergence and growth of the modern university.


Premise: Which church did the 9 founders of Northwestern affiliate the university with?

Hypothesis: The foundation of Northwestern University is traceable to a meeting on May 31, 1850 of nine prominent Chicago businessmen, Methodist leaders and attorneys who had formed the idea of establishing a university to serve what had once been known as the Northwest Territory.


Premise: What other parts of East Prussia were transferred after the annexation of Zichenau?

Hypothesis: Parts of it were transferred to other regions, e.g. Suwałki to Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen and Soldau to Regierungsbezirk Allenstein.


Premise: Keyboard music became popular during what era?

Hypothesis: During the Baroque era, keyboard music played on the harpsichord and pipe organ became increasingly popular, and the violin family of stringed instruments took the form generally seen today.


Premise: Reefs are almost always in what type of water?

Hypothesis: The coastal areas abound with beaches and many of these have offshore reefs, some of which are part of a marine reserve.


Premise: What has God provided to Jehovah's Witnesses?

Hypothesis: Watch Tower Society publications have claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses (and formerly, the International Bible Students) to declare his will and has provided advance knowledge about Armageddon and the establishment of God's kingdom.


Premise: What inferior versions of movies are available for piracy during the theatrical run of a movie called?

Hypothesis: As a result of these measures, the only versions of films available for piracy during the theatrical window are usually "cams" made by video recordings of the movie screens, which are of inferior quality compared to the original film version.


Premise: What dos EBRD stand for?

Hypothesis: Being a growing democratic state, Armenia also hopes to get more financial aid from the Western World.


Premise: What dictated that when a parent could not contract a legal marriage, offspring would follow the mother?

Hypothesis: Thus, a mixed marriage is forbidden as is the union of a horse and a donkey, and in both unions the offspring are judged matrilineally.


Premise: In general what are "apizza" known for?

Hypothesis: Apizza is baked in coal- or wood-fired brick ovens, and is notable for its thin crust.


Premise: Which character has some critics deemed a variation of a contented slave?

Hypothesis: In its use of racial epithets, stereotyped depictions of superstitious blacks, and Calpurnia, who to some critics is an updated version of the "contented slave" motif and to others simply unexplored, the book is viewed as marginalizing black characters.


Premise: How much of the Bronx speaks French at home?

Hypothesis: As of 2010, 46.29% (584,463) of Bronx residents aged five and older spoke Spanish at home, while 44.02% (555,767) spoke English, 2.48% (31,361) African languages, 0.91% (11,455) French, 0.90% (11,355) Italian, 0.87% (10,946) various Indic languages, 0.70% (8,836) other Indo-European languages, and Chinese was spoken at home by 0.50% (6,610) of the population over the age of five.


Premise: Why do some Muslims oppose allowing women to reveal more of themselves?

Hypothesis: These rules for dressing cause tensions, concerning particularly Muslims living in Western countries, where restrictions are considered both sexist and oppressive.


Premise: Why may older adults quit doing activities the love?

Hypothesis: The older adult may also quit doing activities they love because it hurts too much.


Premise: Who bought Buckingham House in 1761?

Hypothesis: Sheffield's leasehold on the mulberry garden site, the freehold of which was still owned by the royal family, was due to expire in 1774.


Premise: What congressman largely specified the job description of minority leader?

Hypothesis: The roles and responsibilities of the minority leader are not well-defined.


Premise: How many years was normal to span between offices prior to the populares controlling the city?

Hypothesis: During the period in which the populares party controlled the city, they flouted convention by re-electing Marius consul several times without observing the customary ten-year interval between offices.


Premise: What did the divided Anatolia end up being referred to as?

Hypothesis: It is not well understood how the early Ottomans came to dominate their neighbours, as the history of medieval Anatolia is still little known.


Premise: What type of language were Prakrits?

Hypothesis: Sanskrit, as the learned language of Ancient India, thus existed alongside the vernacular Prakrits, which were Middle Indo-Aryan languages.


Premise: When did the French start going after overuse of antibiotics?

Hypothesis: In France, an "Antibiotics are not automatic" government campaign started in 2002 and led to a marked reduction of unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions, especially in children.


Premise: What does CSAD stand for?

Hypothesis: One such institution is the Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents (CSAD) founded by and located centrally at Oxford University, Great Britain.


Premise: Who were two of the promiment players in the 19th century?

Hypothesis: The 19th century produced some prominent players, including Bartolomeo Bortolazzi of Venice and Pietro Vimercati.


Premise: What did Whitehead believe are the goals f life?

Hypothesis: " If humans can only exist for about a hundred years, and rocks for eight hundred million, then one is forced to ask why complex organisms ever evolved in the first place; as Whitehead humorously notes, "they certainly did not appear because they were better at that game than the rocks around them."


Premise: Who opened the Kamakura Bakufu Shogunate?

Hypothesis: After the Genpei war of the late 12th century, a clan leader Minamoto no Yoritomo obtained the right to appoint shugo and jito, and was allowed to organize soldiers and police, and to collect a certain amount of tax.


Premise: Why are groups hesitant to work with government officials ?

Hypothesis: At the same time, international NGOs are mindful of the ethical quandary of how to work with the government without bolstering or appeasing it.


Premise: Along with the University of the South Pacific, what tertiary education institution exists in the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: There are two tertiary institutions operating in the Marshall Islands, the College of the Marshall Islands and the University of the South Pacific.


Premise: Which political party is The Times columnist, Daniel Finkelstein, associated with?

Hypothesis: Some columnists in The Times are connected to the Conservative Party such as Daniel Finkelstein, Tim Montgomerie, Matthew Parris and Matt Ridley, but there are also columnists connected to the Labour Party such as David Aaronovitch, Phil Collins, Oliver Kamm and Jenni Russell.


Premise: What is Catalan verbal inflection ?

Hypothesis: Suffixation is omnipresent, whereas morphological alternations play a secondary role.


Premise: Have quails ever been used for entertainment purposes ?

Hypothesis: Being a largely ground-dwelling, gregarious bird, domestication of the quail was not difficult, although many of its wild instincts are retained in captivity.


Premise: What were Von Neuman's contributions to the field of computing?

Hypothesis: He made major contributions to a number of fields, including mathematics (foundations of mathematics, functional analysis, ergodic theory, geometry, topology, and numerical analysis), physics (quantum mechanics, hydrodynamics, fluid dynamics and quantum statistical mechanics), economics (game theory), computing (Von Neumann architecture, linear programming, self-replicating machines, stochastic computing), and statistics.


Premise: What calls were made for the Polish recruits?

Hypothesis: Calls were also made for Polish recruits to desert from the Prussian Army—though these went mainly unheeded.


Premise: Asking questions about an organization's needs will help to create what?

Hypothesis: A successful data model will accurately reflect the possible state of the external world being modeled: for example, if people can have more than one phone number, it will allow this information to be captured.


Premise: Who did the Ming emperors send invitations to?

Hypothesis: The Ming emperors sent invitations to ruling lamas, but the lamas sent subordinates rather than coming themselves, and no Tibetan ruler ever explicitly accepted the role of being a vassal of the Ming.


Premise: By what year had national football leagues been formed in nearly every country?

Hypothesis: However, since the development of The Football League in England in 1888, league tournaments became established, in addition to lengthy derby and cup tournaments.


Premise: Where can these three elements occur in the immune system?

Hypothesis: It also involves diseases of other systems, where immune reactions play a part in the pathology and clinical features.


Premise: Which two companies were involved in the "War of the Speeds"?

Hypothesis: For a two-year period from 1948 to 1950, record companies and consumers faced uncertainty over which of these formats would ultimately prevail in what was known as the "War of the Speeds".


Premise: What are Japanese comics called?

Hypothesis: Though the term derives from the humorous (or comic) work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips, it has become standard also for non-humorous works.


Premise: The team leader was the first appointed head of what organization?

Hypothesis: The staff, under Dr. Train's leadership, incorporated dozens of new principles and ideas into the landmark legislation; crafting a document that completely changed the direction of environmental conservation in the United States.


Premise: What countries are great powers mostly based on economic reasons?

Hypothesis: Japan and Germany are great powers too, though due to their large advanced economies (having the third and fourth largest economies respectively) rather than their strategic and hard power capabilities (i.e., the lack of permanent seats and veto power on the UN Security Council or strategic military reach).


Premise: What is distinguished from 'lock' only by an accent, in Russian?

Hypothesis: For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: замо́к/за́мок (lock/castle), сто́ящий/стоя́щий (worthwhile/standing), чудно́/чу́дно (this is odd/this is marvelous), молоде́ц/мо́лодец (attaboy/fine young man),


Premise: Who led the Yongying?

Hypothesis: Second, the Yongying corps were financed through provincial coffers and were led by regional commanders, weakening central government's grip on the whole country.


Premise: Which school is the main location for technical education in Swaziland?

Hypothesis: Other technical and vocational institutions are the Gwamile Vocational and Commercial Training Institute located in Matsapha and the Manzini Industrial and Training Centre (MITC) in Manzini.


Premise: What magazine ranked the 360 as the second best console of the 1993-2013 period?

Hypothesis: Edge ranked Xbox 360 the second-best console of the 1993–2013 period, stating "It had its own social network, cross-game chat, new indie games every week, and the best version of just about every multiformat game...


Premise: Where is the Catalan Algherese dialect spoken?

Hypothesis: The Sardinian language is considered to be its own Romance language family, separate not only from standard Italian but also the wider Italo-Dalmatian family, and it includes the Campidanese Sardinian and Logudorese Sardinian variants.


Premise: Which league has the highest average attendance in professional football?

Hypothesis: The Premier League rank second in the UEFA coefficients of leagues based on performances in European competitions over the past five seasons.


Premise: Who headed the team that created the 'Vision for Plymouth'?

Hypothesis: On 27 April 1944 Sir Patrick Abercrombie's Plan for Plymouth to rebuild the bomb-damaged city was published; it called for demolition of the few remaining pre-War buildings in the city centre to make way for their replacement with wide, parallel, modern boulevards aligned east–west linked by a north–south avenue (Armada Way) linking the railway station with the vista of Plymouth Hoe.


Premise: What is the chief remaining nation to assign official responsibilities to a region called the Near East?

Hypothesis: The United States is the chief remaining nation to assign official responsibilities to a region called the Near East.


Premise: What is another name for Ārūpyadhātu?

Hypothesis: The above are further subdivided into 31 planes of existence.[web 4] Rebirths in some of the higher heavens, known as the Śuddhāvāsa Worlds or Pure Abodes, can be attained only by skilled Buddhist practitioners known as anāgāmis (non-returners).


Premise: What distributor took over Marvel's titles in 1969?

Hypothesis: In 1968, while selling 50 million comic books a year, company founder Goodman revised the constraining distribution arrangement with Independent News he had reached under duress during the Atlas years, allowing him now to release as many titles as demand warranted.


Premise: What percent of the Chilean population were indigenous according to the 2002 census?

Hypothesis: Relations with the new Chilean Republic were good until the Chilean state decided to occupy their lands.


Premise: What people make up the majority of Pashupatinath followers?

Hypothesis: This tradition is believed to have been started at the request of Adi Shankaracharya who sought to unify the states of Bharatam (Unified India) by encouraging cultural exchange.


Premise: How much money did Beyonce's tour make in 2007?

Hypothesis: In April 2007, Beyoncé embarked on The Beyoncé Experience, her first worldwide concert tour, visiting 97 venues and grossed over $24 million.[note 1]


Premise: For what practice did the first Protestants criticize the Roman Catholics?

Hypothesis: Thus the idea of respect and high honor for Mary was not rejected by the first Protestants; but, they came to criticize the Roman Catholics for venerating Mary.


Premise: What did the 2005 lawsuits accuse Apple of doing?

Hypothesis: The latter case also includes the online music stores of Sony, RealNetworks, Napster, and Musicmatch as defendants.


Premise: What group of natives suffered from beriberi?

Hypothesis: Eijkman cured the natives by feeding them brown rice, discovering that food can cure disease.


Premise: Which president had the most completed Recovery Plans during their administration?

Hypothesis: The annual rate of recovery plan completion increased steadily from the Ford administration (4) through Carter (9), Reagan (30), Bush I (44), and Clinton (72), but declined under Bush II (16 per year as of 9/1/06).


Premise: Her video of "Material Girl" was an imitation of which singer's song, "Diamonds are a girl's best friend?"

Hypothesis: Madonna was criticized for her performance of "Like a Virgin" at the first 1984 MTV Video Music Awards (VMA).


Premise: What official declared a state of emergency in the Marshall Islands in response to the drought?

Hypothesis: This declaration activated support from US government agencies under the Republic's "free association" status with the United States, which provides humanitarian and other vital support.


Premise: Under what Prussian king did the German empire unite as a nation-state?

Hypothesis: The German states proclaimed their union as the German Empire under the Prussian king, Wilhelm I, uniting Germany as a nation-state.


Premise: When was the training for the TA supposed to resume?

Hypothesis: The TA provides a small percentage of the UK's operational troops.


Premise: When did Dou Wu die?

Hypothesis: In 167 AD, the Grand Commandant Dou Wu (d. 168 AD) convinced his son-in-law, Emperor Huan, to release them.


Premise: To whom was human sacrifice usually attributed?

Hypothesis: Officially, human sacrifice was obnoxious "to the laws of gods and men.


Premise: How man men did the Austrian forces have when stopping the attack on Vidin?

Hypothesis: I was the concern that Austria would enter the war against the Russians and attack his armies on the western flank.


Premise: The term dukkha corresponds to what English terms?

Hypothesis: The word roughly corresponds to a number of terms in English including suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, dissatisfaction, discomfort, anguish, stress, misery, and frustration.


Premise: Where is there nothing like this non-state speech community?

Hypothesis: Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been recognized as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media, all of which have contributed to its increased prestige.


Premise: Processing data from input and output devices is typically done by what?

Hypothesis: When unprocessed data is sent to the computer with the help of input devices, the data is processed and sent to output devices.


Premise: In what year did UHF channels beging being licensed by the FCC?

Hypothesis: Since the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) licensed seven television stations in Los Angeles, two VHF channels were available for San Diego because of its relative proximity to the larger city.


Premise: Dominican mysticism also spread to what European country?

Hypothesis: A smaller emphasis on doctrinal activity favoured the development here and there of the ascetic and contemplative life and there sprang up, especially in Germany and Italy, the mystical movement with which the names of Meister Eckhart, Heinrich Suso, Johannes Tauler, and St. Catherine of Siena are associated.


Premise: In which year did Brazel become independent?

Hypothesis: Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Brazil, its wealthiest colony, in 1822.


Premise: What is the consumption of dead organic matter called?

Hypothesis: The other main category of consumption is detritivory, the consumption of dead organic matter.


Premise: Mayday and Thomas Barnett released what hit in 1987?

Hypothesis: A year later, Transmat released what was to become one of techno and house music's classic anthems


Premise: What days are most games played?

Hypothesis: May. Teams play 38 matches each (playing each team in the league twice, home and away), totalling 380 matches in the season.


Premise: What two people were killed inside the store?

Hypothesis: During the incident, Culver City gang members David "Puppet" Robles and Jesse "Psycho" Garcia entered the store masked and began opening fire, killing Anthony and Michael Juarez.


Premise: What does ozone depletion cause in the southern atmosphere?

Hypothesis: Models also suggest that the ozone depletion/enhanced polar vortex effect also accounts for the recent increase in sea ice just offshore of the continent.


Premise: What does the U.S. believe caused Thailand to help Japan?

Hypothesis: The official policy of the U.S. Government is that Thailand was not an ally of the Axis, and that the United States was not at war with Thailand.


Premise: What brought attention to solar technologies in the 1970s?

Hypothesis: Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan.


Premise: What century was Bella Vista Palace built?

Hypothesis: Among the oldest surviving examples of Nizam architecture in Hyderabad is the Chowmahalla Palace, which was the seat of royal power.


Premise: Along with the Shafi'i, to what sect of Islam do most Somalis belong?

Hypothesis: Somalis were among the first populations on the continent to embrace Islam.


Premise: What belief should bever be mixed widespread?

Hypothesis: Despite the lack of a categorical counterindication, the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed is widespread.


Premise: What were the assistants to the plebeian tribunes named?

Hypothesis: The tribunes would have two assistants, called "plebeian aediles".


Premise: What basic trait do all hunter-gatherers share?

Hypothesis: However, all the individual groups shared a common style of stone tool production, making knapping styles and progress identifiable.


Premise: What are these similar Latin derived languages called?

Hypothesis: These similarities are most notable with Occitan.


Premise: What type of deposits are found at Sambhar?

Hypothesis: The state is the second largest source of cement in India.


Premise: How many rounds can a contestant make it through before Hollywood?

Hypothesis: Although auditions can exceed 10,000 in each city, only a few hundred of these make it past the preliminary round of auditions.


Premise: What buddhist belief says that Buddhas come one at a time and not within other eras?

Hypothesis: A Theravada commentary says that Buddhas arise one at a time in this world element, and not at all in others.


Premise: Hyponatremia is the term that refers to which action by a human?

Hypothesis: The primary damage comes from swelling of the brain, caused by increased osmosis as blood salinity decreases.


Premise: Nintendo required what from its software developers?

Hypothesis: This led to higher quality software titles, which helped to change the attitude of a public that had grown weary from poorly produced titles for other game systems of the day.


Premise: Whose modified proposal was adopted?

Hypothesis: In 1577, a Compendium was sent to expert mathematicians outside the reform commission for comments.


Premise: Did the child workers receive anything from the christian mission schools?

Hypothesis: The Dutch East India Company officials rationalised their child labour abuses with, "it is a way to save these children from a worse fate.


Premise: What items were found on the Korean farm site?

Hypothesis: The farm was dated between 3600 and 3000 B.C. Pottery, stone projectile points, and possible houses were also found.


Premise: What is seen as a major risk to Antarctica?

Hypothesis: The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (also known as the Environmental Protocol or Madrid Protocol) came into force in 1998, and is the main instrument concerned with conservation and management of biodiversity in Antarctica.


Premise: What types of dancing are performed by BYU's The Living Legends?

Hypothesis: The BYU Ballroom Dance Company is known as one of the best formation ballroom dance teams in the world, having won the U.S. National Formation Dance Championship every year since 1982.


Premise: Why have some species spread naturally far beyond their original ranges?

Hypothesis: Many bird species have established breeding populations in areas to which they have been introduced by humans.


Premise: Which prince ordered an artillery attack against Canrobert?

Hypothesis: With the defeat of the First Army, Prince Frederick Charles ordered a massed artillery attack against Canrobert's position at St. Privat to prevent the Guards attack from failing too.


Premise: Where do the London Scottish and London Welch rugby teams play their home games?

Hypothesis: Three Aviva Premiership rugby union teams are based in London, (London Irish, Saracens, and Harlequins), although currently only Harlequins and Saracens play their home games within Greater London.


Premise: What is it called when multiple different alleles for a gene are present in a species's population?

Hypothesis: When multiple different alleles for a gene are present in a species's population it is called polymorphic.


Premise: What does the State have no legitimate interest in protecting any or all religions from?

Hypothesis: " The court held that the Establishment Clause prohibits the state from advancing any religion, and that "[T]he state has no legitimate interest in protecting any or all religions from views distasteful to them."


Premise: Who holds the ECB's capital?

Hypothesis: Its capital is five billion euros which is held by the national central banks of the member states as shareholders.


Premise: Who founded Ann Arbor?

Hypothesis: On 25 May 1824, the town plat was registered with Wayne County as "Annarbour;" this represents the earliest known use of the town's name.


Premise: Who did the Tsar send on a mission to Ottoman Sublime Porte?

Hypothesis: The Tsar next dispatched a highly abrasive diplomat, Prince Menshikov, on a special mission to the Ottoman Sublime Porte in February 1853.


Premise: What percentage of total waste can be attributed to paper?

Hypothesis: Paper waste accounts for up to 40% of total waste produced in the United States each year, which adds up to 71.6 million tons of paper waste per year in the United States alone.


Premise: When is the Houston Livestock show and Rodeo held?

Hypothesis: Other annual events include the Houston Greek Festival, Art Car Parade, the Houston Auto Show, the Houston International Festival, and the Bayou City Art Festival, which is considered to be one of the top five art festivals in the United States.


Premise: Why did Professor Skousen gather fragments and have them analyzed?

Hypothesis: He also closely examined the Printer’s Manuscript (owned by the Community of Christ—RLDS Church in Independence, Missouri) for differences in types of ink or pencil, in order to determine when and by whom they were made.


Premise: How long is the short trip?

Hypothesis: When entering the cab, it appears to be any normal elevator ride.


Premise: Who was Spain's 18th Prime Minister?

Hypothesis: During the regency of Maria Cristina, Espartero ruled Spain for two years as its 18th Prime Minister from 16 September 1840 to 21 May 1841.


Premise: Which type of light bulbs is considered most cost effective and robust?

Hypothesis: However, even though they contain mercury, the environmental performance of CFLs is much better than that of light bulbs, mostly because they consume much less energy and therefore strongly reduce the environmental impact of power production.


Premise: What was the first scientific study of how earthworms help soil?

Hypothesis: Charles Darwin's book The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms (1881) presented the first scientific analysis of earthworms' contributions to soil fertility.


Premise: During the Middle Ages, some Jews assimilated into the dominant Greek and Latin cultures by doing what?

Hypothesis: Throughout this period and into the early Middle Ages, some Jews assimilated into the dominant Greek and Latin cultures, mostly through conversion to Christianity.[better source needed]


Premise: What is most often triggered by temperature changes?

Hypothesis: It is most often triggered by temperature changes and usually occurs when the normal territories also become inhospitable due to lack of food.


Premise: Who recommended that the two princesses be evacuated to Canada?

Hypothesis: The suggestion by senior politician Lord Hailsham that the two princesses should be evacuated to Canada was rejected by Elizabeth's mother, who declared, "The children won't go without me.


Premise: What feature of bitumen use in photography made it impractical?

Hypothesis: Bitumen was used in early photographic technology.


Premise: What is the process called when Digimon get stronger?

Hypothesis: To help them surmount the most difficult obstacles found within both realms, the Digimon have the ability to evolve (Digivolve)


Premise: What nickname did John's policy earn him?

Hypothesis: John and Philip negotiated the May 1200 Treaty of Le Goulet; by this treaty, Philip recognised John as the rightful heir to Richard in respect to his French possessions, temporarily abandoning the wider claims of his client, Arthur.[nb 4] John, in turn, abandoned Richard's former policy of containing Philip through alliances with Flanders and Boulogne, and accepted Philip's right as the legitimate feudal overlord of John's lands in France.


Premise: What city was the seat of the papacy for most of the 14th century?

Hypothesis: Avignon was the seat of the papacy from 1309 to 1376.


Premise: What happened to film speeds of black-and-white negative film?

Hypothesis: This revision also saw significant changes in the definition of film speeds in order to accommodate then-recent changes in the American ASA PH2.5-1960 standard, so that film speeds of black-and-white negative film effectively would become doubled, that is, a film previously marked as "18° DIN" would now be labeled as "21 DIN" without emulsion changes.


Premise: In Paris, what movie has generated more ticket revenue than Spectre?

Hypothesis: In Paris, it has the second highest ticket sales of all time with $4.1 million tickets sold only behind Spider-Man 3 which sold over $6.32 million tickets in 2007.


Premise: Are townhouses, condominiums, and apartment buildings found more prevalent in the metropolitan area or outside the city?

Hypothesis: Residential architecture is not defined by a single architectural style, but rather an eclectic mix of houses, townhouses, condominiums, and apartment buildings in the metropolitan area (particularly in areas of urban sprawl).


Premise: What school considered a merger with Waikato Institute of Technology that was later abandoned?

Hypothesis: Since the 1990s, there has been consolidation in New Zealand's state-owned tertiary education system.


Premise: Along with MOR, easy listening and soft rock, what format is soft adult contemporary a successor to?

Hypothesis: Many stations in the soft AC format capitalize on its appeal to office workers (many of them females aged 25–54, a key advertiser demographic), and brand themselves as stations "everyone at work can agree on" (KOST originated that phrase as a primary tagline, and other soft AC stations have followed suit).


Premise: What does IALD stand for?

Hypothesis: The International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD) is an organization which focuses on the advancement of lighting design education and the recognition of independent professional lighting designers.


Premise: How many people watched the first episode of American Idols second season?

Hypothesis: By season four, American Idol had become the most watched series amongst all viewers on American TV for the first time, with an average viewership of 26.8 million.


Premise: At the start of the war, which country did European public opinion champion?

Hypothesis: Bismarck's demand for the return of Alsace caused a dramatic shift in that sentiment in Italy, which was best exemplified by the reaction of Garibaldi soon after the revolution in Paris, who told the Movimento of Genoa on 7 September 1870 that "Yesterday I said to you: war to the death to Bonaparte.


Premise: When Gaddafi established his power in the government, what were his first actions?

Hypothesis: Becoming Chairman of the governing Revolutionary Command Council (RCC), Gaddafi abolished the monarchy and proclaimed the Republic.


Premise: Who designed gardens for some of Brasilia's major buildings?

Hypothesis: The Brazilian landscape architect Roberto Burle Marx designed landmark modernist gardens for some of the principal buildings.


Premise: What did Whitehead believe are the goals f life?

Hypothesis: He then observes that the mark of higher forms of life is that they are actively engaged in modifying their environment, an activity which he theorizes is directed toward the three-fold goal of living, living well, and living better.


Premise: On what date did the loyalists and Redcoats land in New Haven Harbor to commence a raid on New Haven?

Hypothesis: New Haven was not torched as the invaders did with Danbury in 1777, or Fairfield and Norwalk a week after the New Haven raid, so many of the town's colonial features were preserved.


Premise: What component of emotion provides its perceived energy?

Hypothesis: This two-dimensional map was theorized to capture one important component of emotion called core affect.


Premise: Where do modern theorist believe the name of Greek originated from ?

Hypothesis: However, according to the Greek tradition it is more possible that the homeland of the Greeks was originally in central Greece.


Premise: What are the whimsical alternatives of Palladian architecture?

Hypothesis: In the mainstream of Georgian style were both Palladian architecture— and its whimsical alternatives, Gothic and Chinoiserie, which were the English-speaking world's equivalent of European Rococo.


Premise: Where do bar-tailed godwits migrate to?

Hypothesis: Some bar-tailed godwits Limosa lapponica have the longest known non-stop flight of any migrant, flying 11,000 km from Alaska to their New Zealand non-breeding areas.


Premise: What was the original release date for Gamecube?

Hypothesis: Developing two versions would mean delaying the previously announced 2005 release, still disappointing the consumer.


Premise: In this period, who usually inherited fiefs?

Hypothesis: During the 11th and 12th centuries, these lands, or fiefs, came to be considered hereditary, and in most areas they were no longer divisible between all the heirs as had been the case in the early medieval period.


Premise: Hard Candy debuted at number one in how many countries?

Hypothesis: " It received generally positive reviews worldwide though some critics panned it as "an attempt to harness the urban market".


Premise: What percentage of the apartment homes in Bern were occupied in 2000?

Hypothesis: As of 2000[update], there were 67,115 private households in the municipality, and an average of 1.8 persons per household.


Premise: Which philosopher introduced the idea of a separation of powers in government?

Hypothesis: While the Philosophes of the French Enlightenment were not revolutionaries, and many were members of the nobility, their ideas played an important part in undermining the legitimacy of the Old Regime and shaping the French Revolution.


Premise: What year did the Santa Monica freight and passenger service stop running?

Hypothesis: It uses the right-of-way for the Santa Monica Air Line that provided electric-powered freight and passenger service between Los Angeles and Santa Monica beginning in the 1920s.


Premise: In what two major conflicts did Portugal engage in during the 20th century?

Hypothesis: In the 20th century, Portugal engaged in two major conflicts: World War I and the Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974).


Premise: What was the dominant religion of Persia before Islam?

Hypothesis: Christianity had active missions competing with the Persians' Zoroastrianism in seeking converts, especially among residents of the Arabian Peninsula.


Premise: To take a train to Southampton Airport, what railway station would you need to go through?

Hypothesis: Southampton Airport is a regional airport located in the town of Eastleigh, just north of the city.


Premise: Where did the Southeast Asians introduce their dance?

Hypothesis: Dance in much of Southeast Asia includes movement of the hands as well as the feet, to express the dance's emotion and meaning of the story that the ballerina is going to tell the audience.


Premise: How many players does each side field in an American football game?

Hypothesis: If the quarterback or punter receives the ball, he may then do any of the following:


Premise: What is the acronym for an organization that serves as an accreditation body for engineering schools?

Hypothesis: The KU School of Engineering is an ABET accredited, public engineering school located on the main campus.


Premise: How did Baden-Württemberg form?

Hypothesis: A regional referendum in 1996 to merge Berlin with surrounding Brandenburg as "Berlin-Brandenburg" failed to reach the necessary majority vote in Brandenburg, while a majority of Berliners voted in favour of the merger.


Premise: For hydrogen what is the enthalpy of combustion?

Hypothesis: Hydrogen gas (dihydrogen or molecular hydrogen) is highly flammable and will burn in air at a very wide range of concentrations between 4% and 75% by volume.


Premise: Which are Neptune's four innermost moons?

Hypothesis: Because Neptune was the Roman god of the sea, Neptune's moons have been named after lesser sea gods.


Premise: Who recognized the men's basketball team as the 1931 National Champion?

Hypothesis: The men's basketball team is recognized by the Helms Athletic Foundation as the 1931 National Champion.


Premise: What are some factors that make developing and maintaining an identity during the adolescent years a difficult task?

Hypothesis: Studies done by the American Psychological Association have shown that adolescents with a less privileged upbringing have a more difficult time developing their identity.


Premise: What is distinguished from 'wothwhile' only by an accent, in Russian?

Hypothesis: According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent (знак ударения) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress.


Premise: When was the foreign student department for Armenian diaspora created?

Hypothesis: Foreign students' department for Armenian diaspora established in 1957 later was enlarged and the enrollment of foreign students began.


Premise: What American professional baseball team is located on the North side of Chicago, IL?

Hypothesis: The Cubs are also one of two active major league teams based in Chicago; the other is the Chicago White Sox, who are a member of the American League (AL) Central division.


Premise: What occurs when large unstable areas of warm ocean, heated over months, give up some of their thermal energy suddenly to power a few days of violent air movement?

Hypothesis: Sunlight may be stored as gravitational potential energy after it strikes the Earth, as (for example) water evaporates from oceans and is deposited upon mountains (where, after being released at a hydroelectric dam, it can be used to drive turbines or generators to produce electricity).


Premise: What is a professional called at a restaurant who advises customers about beer and food pairs?

Hypothesis: Various social traditions and activities are associated with beer drinking, such as playing cards, darts, or other pub games; attending beer festivals; engaging in zythology (the study of beer); visiting a series of pubs in one evening; visiting breweries; beer-oriented tourism; or rating beer.


Premise: What is the main goals for the sweetness of beer?

Hypothesis: Hops have an antibiotic effect that favours the activity of brewer's yeast over less desirable microorganisms and aids in "head retention", the length of time that a foamy head created by carbonation will last.


Premise: How were Banner's organized?

Hypothesis: Banner Armies were organized along ethnic lines, namely Manchu and Mongol, but included non-Manchu bondservants registered under the household of their Manchu masters.


Premise: Persecution of Jews in Spain occurred after what event concluded?

Hypothesis: In many places in Europe, Jews were suffering persecution at the hands of their Christian counterparts, such as in Spain after the conclusion of Reconquista.


Premise: How long did the new Russian Soviet state go unrecognized by other countries?

Hypothesis: Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized by neighboring countries for five months.


Premise: What type of music plays a big part in the culture of Rajasthan?

Hypothesis: Folk music is a large part of Rajasthani culture.


Premise: How many people are employed by the ICT industry in Melbourne?

Hypothesis: CSL, one of the world's top five biotech companies, and Sigma Pharmaceuticals have their headquarters in Melbourne.


Premise: What was Alonso de Salazar's nationality?

Hypothesis: On August 21, he sighted an island (probably Taongi) at 14°N that he named "San Bartolome".


Premise: Is the color difference between heartwood and sapwood usually very subtle or conspicuous?

Hypothesis: This is produced by deposits in the heartwood of chemical substances, so that a dramatic color difference does not mean a dramatic difference in the mechanical properties of heartwood and sapwood, although there may be a dramatic chemical difference.


Premise: Vajrayana is attributed to who?

Hypothesis: Vajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas, may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana.


Premise: What term was common before biological diversity?

Hypothesis: The term was widely adopted only after more than a decade, when in the 1980s it came into common usage in science and environmental policy.


Premise: What were the Millennium Dome, the London Eye, and the Millennium Bridge created to honor?

Hypothesis: In 2000, London-wide government was restored, with the creation of the Greater London Authority.


Premise: Where are there reported cholera rates that are lowering?

Hypothesis: A 2008 cholera epidemic in Guinea-Bissau affected 14,222 people and killed 225.


Premise: What former president's supporters are set to be executed?

Hypothesis: Sentenced supporters of former President Mohamed Morsi will be executed for their alleged role in violence following his ousting in July 2013.


Premise: What is the URL of online website for The Times?

Hypothesis: Since July 2010, News UK has required readers who do not subscribe to the print edition to pay £2 per week to read The Times and The Sunday Times online.


Premise: Did Moses Mendelssohn advise to follow a specific organized religion, or to whatever one found most convincing?

Hypothesis: Moses Mendelssohn advised affording no political weight to any organized religion, but instead recommended that each person follow what they found most convincing.


Premise: What country was made a full partner in NATO as the result of the failure of EDC?

Hypothesis: That year the loss of North Vietnam to the communists and the rejection of his proposed European Defence Community (EDC) were serious defeats, but he remained optimistic in his opposition to the spread of communism, saying "Long faces don't win wars".


Premise: In what year was the College of Engineering at Notre Dame formed?

Hypothesis: Additionally, the college offers five-year dual degree programs with the Colleges of Arts and Letters and of Business awarding additional B.A. and Master of Business Administration (MBA) degrees, respectively.


Premise: What title did Thomas Blantz have at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: Thomas Blantz, C.S.C., Notre Dame's Vice President of Student Affairs, added that coeducation "opened up a whole other pool of very bright students.


Premise: What is a "grand" sometimes shortened to?

Hypothesis: A "grand", sometimes shortened to simply "G", is a common term for the amount of $1,000.


Premise: What did Nobunaga mean?

Hypothesis: For example, the full name of Oda Nobunaga would be "Oda Kazusanosuke Saburo Nobunaga" (織田上総介三郎信長), in which "Oda" is a clan or family name, "Kazusanosuke" is a title of vice-governor of Kazusa province, "Saburo" is a formal nickname (yobina), and "Nobunaga" is an adult name (nanori) given at genpuku, the coming of age ceremony.


Premise: How many games does each of them broadcast?

Hypothesis: In Australia, Fox Sports broadcasts almost all of the season's 380 matches live, and Foxtel gives subscribers the option of selecting which Saturday 3pm match to watch.


Premise: In what month are council elections held?

Hypothesis: Council elections are held in early May for one third of the seats (one councillor for each ward), elected for a four-year term, so there are elections three years out of four.


Premise: How did non-standard gauge trains start to operate with high-voltage AC?

Hypothesis: High-voltage AC overhead systems are not only for standard gauge national networks.


Premise: How many songs has Kanye had that have exceeded 3 million digital sales?

Hypothesis: West has had six songs exceed 3 million in digital sales as of December 2012, with "Gold Digger" selling 3,086,000, "Stronger" selling 4,402,000, "Heartless" selling 3,742,000, "E.T." selling over 4,000,000, "Love Lockdown" selling over 3,000,000, and "Niggas in Paris" selling over 3,000,000, placing him third in overall digital sales of the past decade.


Premise: Who noted that Madonna was reversing the gender role?

Hypothesis: In 2003, MTV named her "The Greatest Music Video Star Ever" and said that "Madonna's innovation, creativity and contribution to the music video art form is what won her the award."


Premise: What was the duration of the Vedic culture?

Hypothesis: The Vedic period, lasting from about 1750 to 500 BCE, and contributed the foundations of several cultural aspects of Indian subcontinent.


Premise: When did Joshua Slocum arrive in Jamestown?

Hypothesis: On 11 April 1898 American Joshua Slocum, on his famous and epic solo round the world voyage arrived at Jamestown.


Premise: what does the 2N is the JEDEC EIA370 mean?

Hypothesis: The JEDEC EIA370 transistor device numbers usually start with "2N", indicating a three-terminal device (dual-gate field-effect transistors are four-terminal devices, so begin with 3N), then a 2, 3 or 4-digit sequential number with no significance as to device properties (although early devices with low numbers tend to be germanium).


Premise: When did Gorbachev make his final Kremlin exit?

Hypothesis: On the night of December 25, 1991, at 7:32 p.m. Moscow time, after Gorbachev left the Kremlin, the Soviet flag was lowered for the last time, and the Russian tricolor was raised in its place, symbolically marking the end of the Soviet Union.


Premise: What office publishes the Federal Register?

Hypothesis: The Office of the Federal Register publishes the Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations, and United States Statutes at Large, among others.


Premise: Who did scholars beieve carried on the rituals in a consistent procedure?

Hypothesis: The old oracles in Delphi seem to be connected with a local tradition of the priesthood, and there is not clear evidence that a kind of inspiration-prophecy existed in the temple.


Premise: When was Paul Vi's Ecclesiae Sanctae issued?

Hypothesis: Paul VI revolutionized papal elections by ordering that only cardinals below the age of eighty might participate in future conclaves.


Premise: What rugby union team is based in Plymouth?

Hypothesis: Other sports clubs include Plymouth Albion R.F.C. and the Plymouth Raiders basketball club.


Premise: What is the court case that established judicial review?

Hypothesis: The Supreme Court established a precedent for judicial review in Marbury v. Madison.


Premise: The Romans suffered a horrible defeat in there conquest of the Germans in what battle?

Hypothesis: Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany.


Premise: Who developed the procedures used in this transfer?

Hypothesis: Schell and Van Montagu (1977) hypothesised that the Ti plasmid could be a natural vector for introducing the Nif gene responsible for nitrogen fixation in the root nodules of legumes and other plant species.


Premise: What talent does Dasharatha have?

Hypothesis: In the epic Ramayana, Dasharatha, the father of Rama, is said to have the ability to hunt in the dark.


Premise: Which party was criticized for being less concerned about liberty and democracy?

Hypothesis: Hayek claimed that a limited democracy might be better than other forms of limited government at protecting liberty but that an unlimited democracy was worse than other forms of unlimited government because "its government loses the power even to do what it thinks right if any group on which its majority depends thinks otherwise".


Premise: In some political models like semi-presidential systems, what does the prime minister manage?

Hypothesis: A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system.


Premise: What UV wavelengths are found in sterilization devices?

Hypothesis: As the photosensitivity of microorganisms approximately matches the absorption spectrum of DNA, with a peak at about 260 nm, UV LED emitting at 250–270 nm are to be expected in prospective disinfection and sterilization devices.


Premise: When did New York City annex part of Pelham?

Hypothesis: In 1895, three years before New York's consolidation with Brooklyn, Queens and Staten Island, the whole of the territory east of the Bronx River, including the Town of Westchester (which had voted in 1894 against consolidation) and portions of Eastchester and Pelham, were annexed to the city.


Premise: When do the Vedas date back to?

Hypothesis: The Vedas, the earliest texts on Indian philosophy and Hindu philosophy, dating back to the late 2nd millennium BC, describe ancient Hindu cosmology, in which the universe goes through repeated cycles of creation, destruction, and rebirth, with each cycle lasting 4,320,000 years.


Premise: How did Rome respond to their successive losses against the Macedonians?

Hypothesis: This second consular army decisively defeated the Macedonians at the Battle of Pydna in 168 BC and the Macedonians duly capitulated, ending the war.


Premise: On what date did Baker step down as commissioner of the AFL?

Hypothesis: After 12 years as commissioner of the AFL, David Baker retired unexpectedly on July 25, 2008, just two days before ArenaBowl XXII; deputy commissioner Ed Policy was named interim commissioner until Baker's replacement was found.


Premise: When did the Soviets leave Afghanistan?

Hypothesis: A small number of "Afghan Arab" volunteers joined the fight against the Soviets, including Osama bin Laden, but there is no evidence they received any external assistance.


Premise: What year was Bannerman Park opened?

Hypothesis: Bannerman Park is a Victorian-style park located near the downtown.


Premise: What is the highest bit rate the LAME encoder allows?

Hypothesis: According to the ISO standard, decoders are only required to be able to decode streams up to 320 kbit/s.


Premise: What were transliterated and added to the Chinese language?

Hypothesis: Sanskrit has also influenced Sino-Tibetan languages through the spread of Buddhist texts in translation.


Premise: What is Detroit's rate of property crime?

Hypothesis: Neighborhoodscout.com reported a crime rate of 62.18 per 1,000 residents for property crimes, and 16.73 per 1,000 for violent crimes (compared to national figures of 32 per 1,000 for property crimes and 5 per 1,000 for violent crime in 2008).


Premise: How long are the terms of local city councils that are present in all Iranian cities and villages?

Hypothesis: The Expediency Council has the authority to mediate disputes between Parliament and the Guardian Council, and serves as an advisory body to the Supreme Leader, making it one of the most powerful governing bodies in the country.


Premise: What was the custom for those wearing shoes indoors in the Ottoman empire?

Hypothesis: Turks used carpets, rugs and kilims not just on the floors of a room, but also as a hanging on walls and doorways, where they provided additional insulation.


Premise: What is the aim of NARA in entering public-private partnerships?

Hypothesis: A joint venture with Google will digitize and offer NARA video online.


Premise: Who had to agree to the US's decision to divide Korea at the 38th parallel?

Hypothesis: Stalin, however, maintained his wartime policy of co-operation, and on 16 August the Red Army halted at the 38th parallel for three weeks to await the arrival of U.S. forces in the south.


Premise: What did Musharraf say his ban wasn't influenced by?

Hypothesis: It was not taken under any foreign influence".


Premise: Where did Portuguese originate?

Hypothesis: Portuguese is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia and Northern Portugal, originating from Galician-Portuguese, which was the common language of the Galician and Portuguese people until the independence of Portugal.


Premise: Who used Gothic details in construction of Tom Tower, Oxford?

Hypothesis: In 1663 at the Archbishop of Canterbury's residence, Lambeth Palace, a Gothic hammerbeam roof was built to replace that destroyed when the building was sacked during the English Civil War.


Premise: What book was published in 1686 specifically for women with an interest in scientific writing?

Hypothesis: The first significant work that expressed scientific theory and knowledge expressly for the laity, in the vernacular, and with the entertainment of readers in mind, was Bernard de Fontenelle's Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds (1686).


Premise: When did Madonna perform at the Live 8 benefit concert in the UK?

Hypothesis: In January 2005, Madonna performed a cover version of the John Lennon song "Imagine" at Tsunami Aid.


Premise: How many 3 star Michelin restaurants were in Paris in 2015?

Hypothesis: In 2015, of the 29 Michelin three-star restaurants in France, nine are located in Paris.


Premise: How many Armenians were slaughtered between 1894-1896

Hypothesis: When they began pushing for more rights within the Ottoman Empire, Sultan ‘Abdu’l-Hamid II, in response, organized state-sponsored massacres against the Armenians between 1894 and 1896, resulting in an estimated death toll of 80,000 to 300,000 people.


Premise: How much did Valencia's foreign population rise from 2007 to 2008?

Hypothesis: Between 2007 and 2008 there was a 14% increase in the foreign born population with the largest numeric increases by country being from Bolivia, Romania and Italy.


Premise: Did the Spanish conquer land in the United States?

Hypothesis: Additionally, western regions of the Louisiana Territory were under Spanish rule between 1763 to 1800, after the French and Indian War, further extending the Spanish influence throughout modern-day United States of America.


Premise: What is the purpose of tax shifting?

Hypothesis: It involves lowering income taxes while raising levies on environmentally destructive activities, in order to create a more responsive market.


Premise: What does memorization mean?

Hypothesis: Memorization is a method of learning that allows an individual to recall information verbatim.


Premise: What do haredi Judaism and modern orthodox Judaism disagree about the application of?

Hypothesis: Modern Orthodox authorities are more willing to assume that under scrupulous examination, identical principles may lead to different applications in the context of modern life.


Premise: East 1st Street begins just North of East Houston Street at Avenue A and continues to where?

Hypothesis: Peretz Square, a small triangular sliver park where Houston Street, First Street and First Avenue meet marks the spot where the grid takes hold.


Premise: What bible verse do Shia use to support their belief of succession?

Hypothesis: According to the majority of Shī'a, namely the Twelvers (Ithnā'ashariyya), the following is a listing of the rightful successors to Muḥammad.


Premise: What is the ecosystem in the alpine region particularly sensitive to?

Hypothesis: The climatic, geological and topographical conditions of the alpine region make for a very fragile ecosystem that is particularly sensitive to climate change.


Premise: Why is stare decisis a limited form of lawmaking?

Hypothesis: The difficult question is whether federal judicial power extends to formulating binding precedent through strict adherence to the rule of stare decisis.


Premise: How many times does Richmond receive 7.6 centimeters or more of snow in a 24 hour period annually?

Hypothesis: There is considerable variability in total monthly amounts from year to year so that no one month can be depended upon to be normal.


Premise: In Dowling v. United States, what did bootleg records NOT constitute?

Hypothesis: For instance, the United States Supreme Court held in Dowling v. United States (1985) that bootleg phonorecords did not constitute stolen property.


Premise: What was the first act to break through in the UK, not from Liverpool or managed by Brian Epstein?

Hypothesis: After their national success from 1962, a number of Liverpool performers were able to follow them into the charts, including Gerry & the Pacemakers, the Searchers and Cilla Black.


Premise: In what year did the Motion Picture Association of America introduce its rating system?

Hypothesis: TCM's film content has remained mostly uncut and uncolorized (with films natively filmed or post-produced in the format being those only ones presented in color), depending upon the original content of movies, particularly movies released after the 1968 implementation of the Motion Picture Association of America's ratings system and the concurrent disestablishment of the Motion Picture Production Code.


Premise: What are Maxwell's equations about?

Hypothesis: In 1687, Isaac Newton published the Principia Mathematica, detailing two comprehensive and successful physical theories: Newton's laws of motion, which led to classical mechanics; and Newton's Law of Gravitation, which describes the fundamental force of gravity.


Premise: "Drug reps" are usually hired by what type of firms?

Hypothesis: Pharmaceutical companies generally employ sales people (often called 'drug reps' or, an older term, 'detail men') to market directly and personally to physicians and other healthcare providers.


Premise: Where is Big Pun from?

Hypothesis: The Bronx is referred to in hip-hop slang as "The Boogie Down Bronx", or just "The Boogie Down".


Premise: What percent of Armenia uses Russian as their main language?

Hypothesis: In Armenia Russian has no official status, but it's recognised as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities.


Premise: When did the war end?

Hypothesis: With his primary heir dead, Henry rearranged the plans for the succession: Richard was to be made King of England, albeit without any actual power until the death of his father; Geoffrey would retain Brittany; and John would now become the Duke of Aquitaine in place of Richard.


Premise: What library was estimated to have 700,000 volumes?

Hypothesis: Alexandria had the monumental Museum (i.e. research center) and Library of Alexandria which was estimated to have had 700,000 volumes.


Premise: What are samurai usually called in Japanse?

Hypothesis: In Japanese, they are usually referred to as bushi (武士?, [bu.ɕi]) or buke (武家?).


Premise: Where did Beyonce donate her salary from the movie Cadillac Records?

Hypothesis: Although the film received negative reviews from critics, the movie did well at the US box office, grossing $68 million—$60 million more than Cadillac Records


Premise: Complaints to which body led to The Sun removing the story from its website?

Hypothesis: The UK magazine Private Eye claimed that Glen Jenvey, a man quoted by The Sun as a terrorism expert, who had been posting to the forum under the pseudonym "Abuislam", was the only forum member promoting a hate campaign while other members promoted peaceful advocacy, such as writing 'polite letters'.


Premise: Mennonites account for about how much of the state's farm economy?

Hypothesis: By the late 1920s, some 7,000 had immigrated to Chihuahua State and Durango State, almost all from Canada, only a few from the U.S. and Russia.


Premise: Which Nigerian political party was mostly Christian?

Hypothesis: Nigeria's government was a coalition of conservative parties: the Nigerian People's Congress (NPC), a party dominated by Northerners and those of the Islamic faith, and the Igbo and Christian-dominated National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) led by Nnamdi Azikiwe.


Premise: How much did Everton FC pay to transfer Belgian forward Romelu Lukaku?

Hypothesis: Everton's record transfer paid was to Chelsea for Belgian forward Romelu Lukaku for a sum of £28m.


Premise: When did the Notre Dame marching band form?

Hypothesis: The band regularly plays the school's fight song the Notre Dame Victory March, which was named as the most played and most famous fight song by Northern Illinois Professor William Studwell.


Premise: Which Middle Eastern instruments can be heard in Ottoman classical music?

Hypothesis: Because of a geographic and cultural divide between the capital and other areas, two broadly distinct styles of music arose in the Ottoman Empire: Ottoman classical music, and folk music.


Premise: Where do many non-transparent translation theories delve for concepts?

Hypothesis: Many non-transparent-translation theories draw on concepts from German Romanticism, the most obvious influence being the German theologian and philosopher Friedrich Schleiermacher.


Premise: What enlightened ideas were promoted by the journals?

Hypothesis: Being a source of knowledge derived from science and reason, they were an implicit critique of existing notions of universal truth monopolized by monarchies, parliaments, and religious authorities.


Premise: What is a nickname for Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: Hyderabad was historically known as a pearl and diamond trading centre, and it continues to be known as the City of Pearls.


Premise: What enables a drug's owner to recover R&D costs?

Hypothesis: Patent protection enables the owner of the patent to recover the costs of research and development through high profit margins for the branded drug.


Premise: How long can the nightly concerts run for?

Hypothesis: This event is the most important and takes place on Saturday night.


Premise: What is the average income for a full time male worker?

Hypothesis: Full-time year-round male workers had a median income of $52,544 versus $46,540 for full-time year-round female workers.


Premise: Who did Eisenhower donate his farm to in 1967?

Hypothesis: In 1967 the Eisenhowers donated the farm to the National Park Service.


Premise: What other event supposedly took place that shook people?

Hypothesis: Some Christian writers considered the possibility that pagan commentators may have mentioned this event, mistaking it for a solar eclipse - although this would have been impossible during the Passover, which takes place at the full moon.


Premise: When did Eisenhower begin to cut the defense budget?

Hypothesis: This approach became known as the "New Look", and was initiated with defense cuts in late 1953.


Premise: Who was Raghunath Rao?

Hypothesis: In 1758, the general of the Hindu Maratha Empire, Raghunath Rao conquered Lahore and Attock.


Premise: Between what period of time did the Tethys disappear?

Hypothesis: The Tethys Seaway continued to shrink and then disappeared as Africa collided with Eurasia in the Turkish-Arabian region between 19 and 12 Ma (ICS 2004).


Premise: What is occasionally written with two characters that contain the same radical?

Hypothesis: – originally written as 批把 with the hand radical, referring to the down and up strokes when playing this instrument, which was then changed to 枇杷 (tree radical), which is still used for the fruit, while the character was changed to 琵琶 when referring to the instrument.


Premise: How many people are affiliated with religion?

Hypothesis: As of 2013, 46.41% of people in Raleigh are affiliated with a religion.


Premise: What did the Mayan's stringed instrument sound like when played?

Hypothesis: No remnants of pre-Columbian stringed instruments were found until archaeologists discovered a jar in Guatemala, attributed to the Maya of the Late Classic Era (600–900 CE), which depicts a stringed musical instrument which has since been reproduced.


Premise: What is CCM an acronym of?

Hypothesis: There has been crossover to mainstream and hot AC formats by many of the core artists of the Christian AC genre, notably Amy Grant, Michael W. Smith, Kathy Troccoli, Steven Curtis Chapman, Plumb, and more recently, MercyMe.


Premise: What do Islamic anti-masonics link Freemasonry to?

Hypothesis: Many Islamic anti-Masonic arguments are closely tied to both antisemitism and Anti-Zionism, though other criticisms are made such as linking Freemasonry to al-Masih ad-Dajjal (the false Messiah).


Premise: What type of rain fall does Seattle most often experience?

Hypothesis: This reputation stems from the frequency of light precipitation in the fall, winter, and spring.


Premise: How is the climate in St. John's?

Hypothesis: However, despite this maritime moderation, average January high temperatures are actually slightly colder in St. John's than it is in Kelowna, British Columbia, which is an inland city that is near the more marine air of the Pacific, demonstrating the cold nature of Eastern Canada.


Premise: What step of the DVD production process causes contrast banding?

Hypothesis: As the LaserDisc format is not digitally encoded and does not make use of compression techniques, it is immune to video macroblocking (most visible as blockiness during high motion sequences) or contrast banding (subtle visible lines in gradient areas, such as out-of-focus backgrounds, skies, or light casts from spotlights) that can be caused by the MPEG-2 encoding process as video is prepared for DVD.


Premise: What was organized to replace the concept of U.S. Volunteers?

Hypothesis: During World War I, the "National Army" was organized to fight the conflict, replacing the concept of U.S. Volunteers.


Premise: What type of scientist was John Gould?

Hypothesis: At the zoo he had his first sight of an ape, and was profoundly impressed by how human the orangutan seemed.


Premise: How will the fiber optic connection impact the price for online access for the average user?

Hypothesis: The fiber optic connection will also make online access more affordable to the average user.


Premise: What influenced House music?

Hypothesis: Soul and disco influenced house music, plus mixing and editing techniques earlier explored by disco, garage music and post-disco DJs, producers, and audio engineers such as Walter Gibbons, Tom Moulton, Jim Burgess, Larry Levan, Ron Hardy, M & M, and others who produced longer, more repetitive, and percussive arrangements of existing disco recordings.


Premise: Who's liberal political ideas influenced the Whigs?

Hypothesis: A major influence on the Whigs were the liberal political ideas of John Locke, and the concepts of universal rights employed by Locke and Algernon Sidney.


Premise: Greece's secondary education has how many school types?

Hypothesis: Greece's post-compulsory secondary education consists of two school types: unified upper secondary schools (Γενικό Λύκειο, Genikό Lykeiό) and technical–vocational educational schools (Τεχνικά και Επαγγελματικά Εκπαιδευτήρια, "TEE").


Premise: Who heads the Newfrontiers movement?

Hypothesis: Reformed charismatic denominations are the Sovereign Grace Churches and the Every Nation Churches in the USA, in Great Britain there is the Newfrontiers churches and movement, which leading figure is Terry Virgo.


Premise: What is the English meaning of inquirere?

Hypothesis: As a result, Roman ecclesiastical courts tend to follow the Roman Law style of continental Europe with some variation, featuring collegiate panels of judges and an investigative form of proceeding, called "inquisitorial", from the Latin "inquirere", to enquire.


Premise: When will 'The BFG' be in most theaters?

Hypothesis: The BFG is set to premiere out of competition at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2016, before its wide release in the US on July 1, 2016.


Premise: What year was the Third French Republic established?

Hypothesis: In 1870, republican sentiment in Britain, fed by the Queen's seclusion, was boosted after the establishment of the Third French Republic.


Premise: Who is the current Lord Mayor of Plymouth?

Hypothesis: Conservative councillor Dr John Mahony is the incumbent for 2015–16.


Premise: When was the treatise that allowed a congregation to elect or remove a minister?

Hypothesis: The believers were obliged to use reason to govern the worldly sphere in an orderly and peaceful way.


Premise: What is probably the reason there are so many unique plants in Karoo?

Hypothesis: One of these, known as the Succulent Karoo, is home to over 5,000 species of plants, nearly half of them endemic; Approximately 10 percent of the world's succulents are found in the Karoo.


Premise: Where have flax fibers which may have been used in clothing found?

Hypothesis: According to archaeologists and anthropologists, the earliest clothing likely consisted of fur, leather, leaves, or grass that were draped, wrapped, or tied around the body.


Premise: Hight to ultra-high vacuums removes what obstruction?

Hypothesis: High to ultra-high vacuum removes the obstruction of air, allowing particle beams to deposit or remove materials without contamination.


Premise: Can new clubs play too?

Hypothesis: All clubs entering the competition must also have a suitable stadium.


Premise: Why did the Mongol princes ask for titles?

Hypothesis: Committed to their religious leader, Mongol princes began requesting the Dalai Lama to bestow titles on them, which demonstrated "the unique fusion of religious and political power" wielded by the Dalai Lama, as Laird writes.


Premise: Where did Feynman receive a job after getting his PhD?

Hypothesis: Following the completion of his PhD in 1942, Feynman held an appointment at the University of Wisconsin–Madison as an assistant professor of physics.


Premise: What is -v- used for?

Hypothesis: In Alghero, the IEC has adapted its standard to the Alguerese dialect.


Premise: What proportion of the Valencia area's population were the Moriscos?

Hypothesis: They were concentrated in the former Kingdom of Aragon, where they constituted a fifth of the population, and the Valencia area specifically, where they were roughly a third of the total population.


Premise: Which epithet did Apollo have as god of prophecy and truth?

Hypothesis: In his role as god of prophecy and truth, Apollo had the epithets Manticus (/ˈmæntᵻkəs/ MAN-ti-kəs; Μαντικός, Mantikos, literally "prophetic"), Leschenorius (/ˌlɛskᵻˈnɔəriəs/ LES-ki-NOHR-ee-əs; Λεσχηνόριος, Leskhēnorios, from λεσχήνωρ, "converser"), and Loxias (/ˈlɒksiəs/ LOK-see-əs; Λοξίας, Loxias, from λέγειν, "to say").


Premise: When was the movable-type printing press invented?

Hypothesis: The invention of the movable-type printing press in the 15th century had far-reaching consequences on the preservation and transmission of music.


Premise: The "Seven Weeks War" was between which two countries?

Hypothesis: The French Army consisted in peacetime of approximately 400,000 soldiers, some of them regulars, others conscripts who until 1869 served the comparatively long period of seven years with the colours.


Premise: Where did Alexander's army finally mutiny?

Hypothesis: His army, exhausted and frightened by the prospect of facing larger Indian armies at the Ganges River, mutinied at the Hyphasis (modern Beas River) and refused to march further East.


Premise: What are two things that can be done with tagging?

Hypothesis: Typically the wrestler who is tagging out has a 5-second count to leave the ring, whereas the one tagging in can enter the ring at any time, resulting in heels legally double-teaming a face.


Premise: When did the USB Promoters Group announce the finalization of the USB Power Delivery specification?

Hypothesis: In all cases, both host-to-device and device-to-host configurations are supported.


Premise: When did the British government announce it would withdraw from Mandatory Palestine?

Hypothesis: In 1947, the British government announced it would withdraw from Mandatory Palestine, stating it was unable to arrive at a solution acceptable to both Arabs and Jews.


Premise: When was he beatified?

Hypothesis: He was buried in the Vatican grottoes beneath Saint Peter's Basilica on 6 June 1963 and his cause for canonization was opened on 18 November 1965 by his successor, Pope Paul VI, who declared him a Servant of God.


Premise: What expert on Whitehead delivered a lecture at the school to explain Whitehead's ideas?

Hypothesis: In 1927 they invited one of America's only Whitehead experts – Henry Nelson Wieman – to Chicago to give a lecture explaining Whitehead's thought.


Premise: What is a multi-point control unit?

Hypothesis: A videoconference (also known as a videoteleconference) allows two or more locations to communicate via live, simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions.


Premise: What was the name of the ship that was attacked outside of the Odessa harbor?

Hypothesis: Furious was fired on outside Odessa harbour.


Premise: Are normal droppings also eaten?

Hypothesis: Other animals, such as rabbits and rodents, practise coprophagia behaviours - eating specialised faeces in order to re-digest food, especially in the case of roughage.


Premise: What traditions did the seasonal festivals incorporate?

Hypothesis: Other festivals may have required only the presence and rites of their priests and acolytes, or particular groups, such as women at the Bona Dea rites.


Premise: Why did Feynman go through a depression?

Hypothesis: His work during this period, which used equations of rotation to express various spinning speeds, proved important to his Nobel Prize–winning work, yet because he felt burned out and had turned his attention to less immediately practical problems, he was surprised by the offers of professorships from other renowned universities.


Premise: When was House Unity Day in Chicago?

Hypothesis: Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley proclaimed August 10, 2005 to be "House Unity Day" in Chicago, in celebration of the "21st anniversary of house music" (actually the 21st anniversary of the founding of Trax Records, an independent Chicago-based house label).


Premise: What is "subspecies" used to indicate an objective degree of?

Hypothesis: One objection to this idea is that it does not specify what degree of differentiation is required.


Premise: How many feet above sea level is the City of Boston?

Hypothesis: The highest point in Boston is Bellevue Hill at 330 feet (100 m) above sea level, and the lowest point is at sea level.


Premise: Why do some scholars propose a Thursday is possible?

Hypothesis: Some scholars explain a Thursday crucifixion based on a "double sabbath" caused by an extra Passover sabbath falling on Thursday dusk to Friday afternoon, ahead of the normal weekly Sabbath.


Premise: How much money did the Marshall Islands receive yearly from the United States until 2013?

Hypothesis: United States government assistance is the mainstay of the economy.


Premise: What does it mean to have "marred white"?

Hypothesis: Many of majority European ancestry and appearance "married white" and assimilated into white society for its social and economic advantages, such as generations of families identified as Melungeons, now generally classified as white but demonstrated genetically to be of European and sub-Saharan African ancestry.


Premise: What genre of music did Lynda Thomas, Ricky Martin, Selena, Marc Anthony, Enrique Iglesias and Luis Miguel make?

Hypothesis: Unlike the majority of 1980s mainstream singers, the 1990s mainstream pop/R&B singers such as All-4-One, Boyz II Men, Rob Thomas, Christina Aguilera, Backstreet Boys and Savage Garden generally crossed over to the AC charts.


Premise: In addition to vocalization and body posture, how do people communicate with dogs?

Hypothesis: Humans communicate with dogs by using vocalization, hand signals and body posture.


Premise: How did Houston rank in the U.S. for business?

Hypothesis: Foreign governments have established 92 consular offices in Houston's metropolitan area, the third highest in the nation.


Premise: What two cities have a population over 50,000?

Hypothesis: These three communities are considered the centers of Montana's three Metropolitan Statistical Areas.


Premise: Which organisms were among the first life-forms to be genetically sequenced?

Hypothesis: Because they are easy to keep and breed, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have long been the most intensively studied metazoan model organisms, and were among the first life-forms to be genetically sequenced.


Premise: What is it called when someone aspires to the characteristics of significant others?

Hypothesis: These others may be benign - such that one aspires to their characteristics, values and beliefs (a process of idealistic-identification), or malign - when one wishes to dissociate from their characteristics (a process of defensive contra-identification)


Premise: Which disease did her mother passed away from?

Hypothesis: Her mother was at a loss to explain her medical condition, and often began to cry when Madonna questioned her about it.


Premise: Where did Eisenhower serve under Conner?

Hypothesis: He first became executive officer to General Conner in the Panama Canal Zone, where, joined by Mamie, he served until 1924.


Premise: What other states rank higher than Alaska in crude oil production?

Hypothesis: Major oil and gas reserves were found in the Alaska North Slope (ANS) and Cook Inlet basins, but according to the Energy Information Administration, by February 2014 Alaska had fallen to fourth place in the nation in crude oil production after Texas, North Dakota, and California.


Premise: Beyonce sang which song during the 2009 presidential inauguration?

Hypothesis: She performed "America the Beautiful" at the 2009 presidential inauguration, as well as "


Premise: What does The Rhone begin as?

Hypothesis: The Rhone is second to the Nile as a freshwater source to the Mediterranean Sea; the river begins as glacial meltwater, flows into Lake Geneva, and from there to France where one of its uses is to cool nuclear power plants.


Premise: Aside from the activities of colonies, what other event fostered the transition from agriculture to manufacturing?

Hypothesis: European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, producing the Columbian Exchange.


Premise: In what battle did Ali fight the Kharjites?

Hypothesis: In 659 Ali's forces and the Kharijites met in the Battle of Nahrawan.


Premise: How many women claimed to be sexually harassed by Filner?

Hypothesis: In July 2013, three former supporters of Mayor Bob Filner asked him to resign because of allegations of repeated sexual harassment.


Premise: When was the status of Dominions as equal autonomous communities given legal force?

Hypothesis: This declaration was given legal substance under the 1931 Statute of Westminster.


Premise: Who was the Master general of the Dominican Order during the mid 1200s?

Hypothesis: Humbert of Romans, the master general of the order from 1254 to 1263, was a great administrator, as well as preacher and writer.


Premise: What was the result of Prussian resistance to Sweden?

Hypothesis: Calculating that no further Russian advance was likely until 1758, Frederick moved the bulk of his eastern forces to Pomerania under the command of Marshal Lehwaldt where they were to repel the Swedish invasion.


Premise: In what year did the earthquake in Sichuan occur?

Hypothesis: The 2008 Sichuan earthquake or the Great Sichuan earthquake, measured at 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw, and occurred at 02:28:01 PM


Premise: What caused the Russians based in Memel to be successful deeper into Prussia?

Hypothesis: Sweden felt this small army was all that was needed to occupy Pomerania and felt the Swedish army would not need to engage with the Prussians because the Prussians were occupied on so many other fronts.


Premise: When did Craig go back to work?

Hypothesis: Following filming in Mexico, and during a scheduled break, Craig was flown to New York to undergo minor surgery to fix his knee injury.


Premise: What proves mosaics were used in the early middle ages?

Hypothesis: This could also be the case with the early 9th century mosaic found under the Basilica of Saint-Quentin in Picardy, where antique motifs are copied but using only simple colors.


Premise: Of the 121 chosen, how many became semi-finalists?

Hypothesis: One of the early favorites, Tamyra Gray, was eliminated at the top four, the first of several such shock eliminations that were to be repeated in later seasons.


Premise: What did Feynman see after the atomic test?

Hypothesis: On witnessing the blast, Feynman ducked towards the floor of his truck because of the immense brightness of the explosion, where he saw a temporary "purple splotch" afterimage of the event.


Premise: What percentage of Christians are Protestant?

Hypothesis: Collectively encompassing more than 900 million adherents, or nearly forty percent of Christians worldwide, Protestantism is present on all populated continents.[t]


Premise: At the end of the Republic, who read the Stoic interpretations of Roman gods and religion?

Hypothesis: In the last century of the Republic, Epicurean and particularly Stoic interpretations were a preoccupation of the literate elite, most of whom held - or had held - high office and traditional Roman priesthoods; notably, Scaevola and the polymath Varro.


Premise: Where was the cause of the power outage?

Hypothesis: In the end the launch went ahead the following night, hosted by Denis Tuohy holding a candle.


Premise: Who was a mentor for the contestants in Season 10?

Hypothesis: Contestants usually work with a celebrity mentor related to the theme.


Premise: How many Jewish families are there in Swaziland?

Hypothesis: There are 14 Jewish families.


Premise: When compared, how similar are the rituals and passwords from the turn of the 17 - 18 centuries to the ones from the later 18th century?

Hypothesis: It is reputed to be the oldest Masonic Lodge in the world.


Premise: Where is the likely source of the change to the manipular formation?

Hypothesis: This change is sometimes attributed to Marcus Furius Camillus and placed shortly after the Gallic invasion of 390 BC; it is more likely, however, that they were copied from Rome's Samnite enemies to the south, possibly as a result of Samnite victories during the Second Samnite War (326 to 304 BC).


Premise: Who started making an unlicensed version of the 40mm at the beginning of the war?

Hypothesis: The gun became so important to the British war effort that they even produced a movie, The Gun, that encouraged workers on the assembly line to work harder.


Premise: What's the name of the HP database that's similar to IANA but not compatible with it?

Hypothesis: This database is used by many computer software systems, including most Unix-like operating systems, Java, and the Oracle RDBMS; HP's "tztab" database is similar but incompatible.


Premise: What did Homo Sapiens acquire that allowed them to become aware of Culture?

Hypothesis: Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is, "the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time."


Premise: What is a notable English Gothic cathedral?

Hypothesis: Classic examples of Gothic architecture include Chartres Cathedral and Reims Cathedral in France as well as Salisbury Cathedral in England.


Premise: When were parliamentary elections held?

Hypothesis: Following the parliamentary elections in March 2004 and presidential elections in July 2005, the country is trying to recover from the long period of instability, despite a still-fragile political situation.


Premise: What do these core functions of the Air Force express?

Hypothesis: These core functions express the ways in which the Air Force is particularly and appropriately suited to contribute to national security, but they do not necessarily express every aspect of what the Air Force contributes to the nation.


Premise: Who is the chairman of the FAPL and when was he appointed?

Hypothesis: The current chairman is Sir Dave Richards, who was appointed in April 1999, and the chief executive is Richard Scudamore, appointed in November 1999.


Premise: To promote what characteristic is diesel oil added to asphalt for shipping?

Hypothesis: Sometimes diesel oil or kerosene are mixed in before shipping to retain liquidity; upon delivery, these lighter materials are separated out of the mixture.


Premise: When did the Zhengde Emperor rule?

Hypothesis: After this fiasco, Liu fled for his life, but only returned to Chengdu several years later to find that the Zhengde Emperor had died.


Premise: Under what rule did Aristotle believe a nation should be led?

Hypothesis: In other words, Aristotle advocated the rule of law:


Premise: I what year was the The Theological Declaration of Barmen document created?

Hypothesis: These other documents include ancient creedal statements (the Nicene Creed, the Apostles' Creed), 16th-century Reformed confessions (the Scots Confession, the Heidelberg Catechism, the Second Helvetic Confession), and 20th century documents (The Theological Declaration of Barmen, Confession of 1967 and A Brief Statement of Faith).


Premise: What is Switzerland's most important economic sector?

Hypothesis: Switzerland's most important economic sector is manufacturing.


Premise: When did Kerry sponsor a resolution to reopen trade with Vietnam?

Hypothesis: The committee's report, which Kerry endorsed, stated there was "no compelling evidence that proves that any American remains alive in captivity in Southeast Asia."


Premise: Who adopted the Doha Declaration?

Hypothesis: Moreover, under the TRIPS agreement of the World Trade Organization, countries must allow pharmaceutical products to be patented.


Premise: What type of household gods and cults did soldiers bring to outer areas?

Hypothesis: They also brought Roman "domestic" deities and cult practices with them.


Premise: Were all residents counted together or separately?

Hypothesis: Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery.


Premise: Which characters on The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show used a device that allowed them to travel through time?

Hypothesis: In one of the animated cartoon's component segments, Peabody's Improbable History, lead characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman routinely used a time machine called the "WABAC machine" (pronounced way-back) to witness, participate in, and, more often than not, alter famous events in history.


Premise: What year did CD players become available for purchase?

Hypothesis: The unified design of the compact disc allowed consumers to purchase any disc or player from any company, and allowed the CD to dominate the at-home music market unchallenged.


Premise: What was found out about the theory of faulty psychological development being the cause for homosexuality?

Hypothesis: The exact causes for the development of a particular sexual orientation have yet to be established.


Premise: In which year was the Count of Oeiras made the Marquis of Pambal?

Hypothesis: Following the Távora affair, the new Count of Oeiras knew no opposition.


Premise: What is one reason for homologs to appear?

Hypothesis: These genes appear either from gene duplication within an organism's genome, where they are known as paralogous genes, or are the result of divergence of the genes after a speciation event, where they are known as orthologous genes,:7.6 and often perform the same or similar functions in related organisms.


Premise: Why might Neptune have more varied weather than Uranus?

Hypothesis: As with Uranus, the source of this heating is unknown, but the discrepancy is larger: Uranus only radiates 1.1 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun; whereas Neptune radiates about 2.61 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun.


Premise: What game used the SNES Mouse?

Hypothesis: Nintendo also released the SNES Mouse in conjunction with its Mario Paint title.


Premise: What did Nasser want to end in Egypt?

Hypothesis: In May, Nasser received word that Farouk knew the names of the Free Officers and intended to arrest them; he immediately entrusted Free Officer Zakaria Mohieddin with the task of planning the government takeover by army units loyal to the association.


Premise: When did Beyoncé release her first solo album?

Hypothesis: Their hiatus saw the release of Beyoncé's debut album, Dangerously in Love (2003), which established her as a solo artist worldwide, earned five Grammy Awards and featured the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles "Crazy in Love" and "Baby Boy".


Premise: In the decade following the war, where did a large portion of the BBC move to?

Hypothesis: Alexandra Palace was the home base of the channel until the early 1950s when the majority of production moved into the newly acquired Lime Grove Studios.[original research?]


Premise: Which contestant was disqualified because of an assault charge?

Hypothesis: Corey Clark was disqualified during the finals for having an undisclosed police record; however, he later alleged that he and Paula Abdul had an affair while on the show and that this contributed to his expulsion.


Premise: What firm managed Kanye West's rap group?

Hypothesis: His group was managed by John "Monopoly" Johnson, Don Crowley, and Happy Lewis under the management firm Hustle Period.


Premise: What things come with each new degree in Freemasonry?

Hypothesis: Some time later, in a separate ceremony, they will be passed to the degree of Fellowcraft, and finally they will be raised to the degree of Master Mason.


Premise: Due to lack of strategic and hard power, countries are excluded from what?

Hypothesis: Japan and Germany are great powers too, though due to their large advanced economies (having the third and fourth largest economies respectively) rather than their strategic and hard power capabilities (i.e., the lack of permanent seats and veto power on the UN Security Council or strategic military reach).


Premise: Where is the Museo de Historia del Arte located?

Hypothesis: The Museo de Historia del Arte, located in the Palacio Municipal, features replicas of ancient monuments and exhibits a varied collection of artifacts from Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, Greece, Rome and Native American cultures including local finds of the pre-Columbian period.


Premise: Stainless steel is an example of what two alloys?

Hypothesis: Steel is an example of an interstitial alloy, because the very small carbon atoms fit into interstices of the iron matrix.


Premise: Why was the US naval blockade not feasible?

Hypothesis: In a postwar analysis of the unpreparedness of U.S. Army forces deployed to Korea during the summer and fall of 1950, Army Major General Floyd L. Parks stated that "Many who never lived to tell the tale had to fight the full range of ground warfare from offensive to delaying action, unit by unit, man by man ...


Premise: What did China trade with Tibet and Mongolia?

Hypothesis: The department's original purpose was to manage the internal affairs of the imperial family and the activities of the inner palace (in which tasks it largely replaced eunuchs), but it also played an important role in Qing relations with Tibet and Mongolia, engaged in trading activities (jade, ginseng, salt, furs, etc.), managed textile factories in the Jiangnan region, and even published books.


Premise: What kind of observations use  the high elevations and thin atmosphere for viewing space?

Hypothesis: Many astronomical observations are better made from the interior of Antarctica than from most surface locations because of the high elevation, which results in a thin atmosphere; low temperature, which minimizes the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere; and absence of light pollution, thus allowing for a view of space clearer than anywhere else on Earth.


Premise: What did Windows offer in place of a full version of the software?

Hypothesis: Unlike previous versions of Windows, Windows 8 was distributed at retail in "Upgrade" licenses only, which require an existing version of Windows to install.


Premise: How many points did the Popular Revolution plan have?

Hypothesis: He initiated this with a 5-point plan, the first point of which dissolved all existing laws, to be replaced by revolutionary enactments.