Premise: What is the name of the 1801 document that aimed for reconcilliation between revolutionaries and Catholics?

Hypothesis: It solidified the Roman Catholic Church as the majority church of France and brought back most of its civil status.


Premise: Which paper published a story about Feynman in 1992?

Hypothesis: The student asks, well, what are Feynman's methods?


Premise: What year did season ten of American Idol first air?

Hypothesis: Season ten of the series premiered on January 19, 2011.


Premise: What is a proctodaeum?

Hypothesis: The rectum absorbs 90% of the water in these fecal pellets, and the dry pellet is then eliminated through the anus (element 17), completing the process of digestion.


Premise: What is the purpose of a pesticide?

Hypothesis: Pesticides are substances meant for attracting, seducing, and then destroying any pest.


Premise: What city did Jayapala invade at least twice?

Hypothesis: Jayapala defaulted on the payment and took to the battlefield once more.


Premise: Along with with ethnicity and genetics, what is the other factor associated with differences in pain perception?

Hypothesis: Some individuals in all cultures have significantly higher than normal pain perception and tolerance thresholds.


Premise: Who discovered tyrothricin?

Hypothesis: It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating wounds and ulcers during World War II.


Premise: What are poultry eggs used for aside from consumption?

Hypothesis: Many vaccines to infectious diseases can be grown in fertilised chicken eggs.


Premise: What's an example of a softwood that isn't "soft," and is actually harder than a lot of hardwoods?

Hypothesis: The well-known balsa (a hardwood) is actually softer than any commercial softwood.


Premise: What type of Roman item was traded on the Silk Road network?

Hypothesis: These connections marked the beginning of the Silk Road trade network that extended to the Roman Empire, bringing Han items like silk to Rome and Roman goods such as glasswares to China.


Premise: Vocal music in the Renaissance is noted for an increasingly elaborate what?

Hypothesis: The principal liturgical forms which endured throughout the entire Renaissance period were masses and motets, with some other developments towards the end, especially as composers of sacred music began to adopt secular forms (such as the madrigal) for their own designs.


Premise: What year did Schumann review Chopin's piano concertos?

Hypothesis: The biography of Chopin published in 1863 under the name of Franz Liszt (but probably written by Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein) claims that Chopin "must be ranked first among the first musicians ... individualizing in themselves the poetic sense of an entire nation."


Premise: How many commercial airports did the British Airports Authority originally operate?

Hypothesis: For example, in the United Kingdom the state-owned British Airports Authority originally operated eight of the nation's major commercial airports - it was subsequently privatized in the late 1980s, and following its takeover by the Spanish Ferrovial consortium in 2006, has been further divested and downsized to operating just five.


Premise: Who was the traditional partner with Great Britain at the beginning of the conflict?

Hypothesis: France’s traditional enemies, Great Britain and Austria, had coalesced just as they had done against Louis XIV.


Premise: Which Tigranes successor composed Greek tragedies?

Hypothesis: Tigranes' successor Artavasdes II even composed Greek tragedies himself.


Premise: What instrument was the precursor of the tuba?

Hypothesis: Brass instruments included the buccin, the ophicleide (a serpent replacement which was the precursor of tuba) and the natural horn.


Premise: Who did Madonna's look and style of dressing influence?

Hypothesis: It attracted the attention of organizations who complained that the song and its accompanying video promoted premarital sex and undermined family values, and moralists sought to have the song and video banned.


Premise: With whom did Rome have alliances at the end of the regal period?

Hypothesis: By the end of the regal period Rome had developed into a city-state, with a large plebeian, artisan class excluded from the old patrician gentes and from the state priesthoods.


Premise: Often regular everyday craftsman were most likely what?

Hypothesis: Greek figural mosaics could have been copied or adapted paintings, a far more prestigious artform, and the style was enthusiastically adopted by the Romans so that large floor mosaics enriched the floors of Hellenistic villas and Roman dwellings from Britain to Dura-Europos.


Premise: When did Sammy Sosa explode into pursuit of Roger Maris' home run record?

Hypothesis: In June, 1998 Sammy Sosa exploded into the pursuit of Roger Maris' home run record.


Premise: After what event did the Prince of Wales' health begin to improve?

Hypothesis: In late November 1871, at the height of the republican movement, the Prince of Wales contracted typhoid fever, the disease that was believed to have killed his father, and Victoria was fearful her son would die.


Premise: The Wanamaker Mile is an event by which annual track and field meeting?

Hypothesis: The Millrose Games is an annual track and field meet whose featured event is the Wanamaker Mile.


Premise: Where can one find the San Diego Zoo?

Hypothesis: The Columbia district downtown is home to historic ship exhibits belonging to the San Diego Maritime Museum, headlined by the Star of India, as well as the unrelated San Diego Aircraft Carrier Museum featuring the USS Midway aircraft carrier.


Premise: Some of the kites remain at what National Historic Site?

Hypothesis: Some of Bell's kites are on display at the Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site.


Premise: In which year did Umayyad Caliphate's empire collapse?

Hypothesis: After almost two centuries, the Emirate became the Caliphate of Córdoba in 929, until its dissolution a century later in 1031 into no less than 23 small kingdoms, called Taifa kingdoms.


Premise: When were tricyclic antidepressants developed?

Hypothesis: Amphetamine was eventually developed for the treatment of narcolepsy, post-encepheletic parkinsonism, and mood elevation in depression and other psychiatric indications.


Premise: How many tram stops are on Melbourne's tram network?

Hypothesis: Melbourne's is Australia's only tram network to comprise more than a single line and consists of 250 km (155.3 mi) of track, 487 trams, 25 routes, and 1,763 tram stops.


Premise: Bell implemented Gray's design as a what?

Hypothesis: After March 1876, Bell focused on improving the electromagnetic telephone and never used Gray's liquid transmitter in public demonstrations or commercial use.


Premise: Shell announced it was in the process of doing what in April 2010?

Hypothesis: On 27 August 2007, Royal Dutch Shell and Reitan Group, the owner of the 7-Eleven brand in Scandinavia, announced an agreement to re-brand some 269 service stations across Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark, subject to obtaining regulatory approvals under the different competition laws in each country.


Premise: How many volumes was Principia Mathematica?

Hypothesis: To add insult to injury, when it came time for publication, the three-volume work was so massive (more than 2,000 pages) and its audience so narrow (professional mathematicians) that it was initially published at a loss of 600 pounds, 300 of which was paid by Cambridge University Press, 200 by the Royal Society of London, and 50 apiece by Whitehead and Russell themselves.


Premise: When were the last slaves freed in New York state?

Hypothesis: The last slaves in New York were not freed until 1827.


Premise: What did the former opposition parties declare?

Hypothesis: On 1 April, the former opposition parties declared that they would boycott the government.


Premise: What new groups were formed as a result of the Third Great Awakening?

Hypothesis: New groupings emerged, such as the Holiness, Nazarene, and Christian Science movements.


Premise: When did Ramanuja live?

Hypothesis: They saw Brahman as an eternal oneness, but also as the source of all creation, which was omnipresent and actively involved in existence.


Premise: How many records did Beyoncé sell as part of Destiny's Child?

Hypothesis: Throughout a career spanning 19 years, she has sold over 118 million records as a solo artist, and a further 60 million with Destiny's Child, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time.


Premise: Dogs can understand and communicate with what other species?

Hypothesis: As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to our behaviors.


Premise: Are adolescents or children more bound to concrete events?

Hypothesis: It also makes adolescents more skilled debaters, as they can reason against a friend's or parent's assumptions.


Premise: Why was John motivated?

Hypothesis: Viewed positively, Lewis Warren considers that John discharged "his royal duty of providing justice ... with a zeal and a tirelessness to which the English common law is greatly endebted".


Premise: What is the title of the Barcelona club song?

Hypothesis: Founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss, English and Catalan footballers led by Joan Gamper, the club has become a symbol of Catalan culture and Catalanism, hence the motto "Més que un club" (


Premise: What year was the Southampton Docks company created?

Hypothesis: The Southampton Docks company had been formed in 1835.


Premise: Where has a non-native rodent known as a nutria become very destructive?

Hypothesis: Varmint hunting is an American phrase for the selective killing of non-game animals seen as pests.


Premise: How many orginal founding patrons are there of the Great Amphictyonic League ?

Hypothesis: This was an ancient association of Greek tribes with twelve founders which was organized to protect the great temples of Apollo in Delphi (Phocis) and of Demeter near Thermopylae (Locris).


Premise: Who was the only provider of dial up service in Somalias SouthCentral regions in 2009?

Hypothesis: It was at the time the only provider of dial up services in Somalia's south-central regions.


Premise: Who runs Tucson's main power plant?

Hypothesis: Tucson's primary electrical power source is a coal and natural gas power-plant managed by Tucson Electric Power that is situated within the city limits on the south-western boundary of Davis-Monthan Air-force base adjacent to Interstate-10.


Premise: What type of dielectric layer is used in electrolytic capacitors?

Hypothesis: Electrolytic capacitors use an aluminum or tantalum plate with an oxide dielectric layer.


Premise: Who proposed using a table to store data?

Hypothesis: The relational model solved this by splitting the data into a series of normalized tables (or relations), with optional elements being moved out of the main table to where they would take up room only if needed.


Premise: What kind of device can access the Twilight Princess manga?

Hypothesis: The series is available solely via publisher Shogakukan's MangaOne mobile application.


Premise: Galschiøt and two fellow protesters were denied to entry to Hong Kong for what reason?

Hypothesis: Legislator Cheung Man Kwong have also said the government's decision allowing Farrow to enter while denying others is a double standard and a violation to Hong Kong's one country, two systems policy.


Premise: In what year did Bell open his own school?

Hypothesis: While he was working as a private tutor, one of his most famous pupils was Helen Keller, who came to him as a young child unable to see, hear, or speak.


Premise: What is the name of the first tropical aquarium in Germany?

Hypothesis: Some points of interest are the Tropical House, the Cactus House, the Canary House and the Orchid House, which hosts one of the world's biggest collection of orchids, and free-flying birds and butterflies.


Premise: Who signed the Union of Utrecht?

Hypothesis: This was followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II.


Premise: When did Belon make his shipbuilding observations?

Hypothesis: Then, in the 1830s, there was a surge of interest, and asphalt became widely used "for pavements, flat roofs, and the lining of cisterns, and in England, some use of it had been made of it for similar purposes".


Premise: How long do members of the supreme court serve?

Hypothesis: Members are nominated to the court by the president and are confirmed by the Senate, serving until the age of 70.


Premise: Children inherited polish nobility from whom?

Hypothesis: All children of the Polish nobility inherited their noble status from a noble mother and father.


Premise: How were working conditions and employment at the end of Nasser's presidency?

Hypothesis: Nasser made Egypt fully independent of British influence, and the country became a major power in the developing world under his leadership.


Premise: The oldest section of the original wall around the town dates from what year?

Hypothesis: The extensive rebuilding—part of the walls dates from 1175—culminated in the completion of the western walls in 1380.


Premise: What has the Real growth in GDP since 2001 in Swaziland in percentage?

Hypothesis: Real GDP growth since 2001 has averaged 2.8%, nearly 2 percentage points lower than growth in other Southern African Customs Union (SACU) member countries.


Premise: What institute promotes awareness of native culture?

Hypothesis: The Estonian Academy of Arts (Estonian: Eesti Kunstiakadeemia, EKA) is providing higher education in art, design, architecture, media, art history and conservation while Viljandi Culture Academy of University of Tartu has an approach to popularise native culture through such curricula as native construction, native blacksmithing, native textile design, traditional handicraft and traditional music, but also jazz and church music.


Premise: Who is trying to attract investments for hydropower in Tajikistan?

Hypothesis: Tajikistan's rivers, such as the Vakhsh and the Panj, have great hydropower potential, and the government has focused on attracting investment for projects for internal use and electricity exports.


Premise: What size was the Swiss Federal budget in 2010?

Hypothesis: The main sources of income for the federal government are the value-added tax (33%) and the direct federal tax (29%) and the main expenditure is located in the areas of social welfare and finance & tax.


Premise: On what date did the AFL take control of one of its teams?

Hypothesis: The AFL stated this move was made after months of trying work out an arrangement "to provide financial and operational support."


Premise: How long was symphonic instrumentation faithful to Beethoven's after he died?

Hypothesis: For several decades after he died, symphonic instrumentation was faithful to Beethoven's well-established model, with few exceptions.


Premise: Who created Westminster Abbey as the Collegiate Church of St Peter Westminster?

Hypothesis: Westminster Abbey is a collegiate church governed by the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, as established by Royal charter of Queen Elizabeth I in 1560, which created it as the Collegiate Church of St Peter Westminster and a Royal Peculiar under the personal jurisdiction of the Sovereign.


Premise: What political structure did Vietnam have?

Hypothesis: American forces effectively established and maintained control of the "traditional" battlefield, however they struggled to counter the guerrilla hit and run tactics of the communist Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army.


Premise: Rather than being carried by an athlete, how did the torch end its route in Paris?

Hypothesis: A scheduled ceremony at the town hall was cancelled at the request of the Chinese authorities, and, also at the request of Chinese authorities, the torch finished the relay by bus instead of being carried by athletes.


Premise: What weather trend ocured in the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic periods?

Hypothesis: The Late Cretaceous featured a cooling trend that would continue on in the Cenozoic period.


Premise: Emotion is called what in Hellenistic art?

Hypothesis: Hellenistic art saw a turn from the idealistic, perfected, calm and composed figures of classical Greek art to a style dominated by realism and the depiction of emotion (pathos) and character (ethos).


Premise: When did Travel + Leisure list Yale as one of the most beautiful campuses?

Hypothesis: In 2011, Travel+Leisure listed the Yale campus as one of the most beautiful in the United States.


Premise: What happened to the Fatburger chains that Kanye established?

Hypothesis: His company, KW Foods LLC, bought the rights to the chain in Chicago.


Premise: What Tory did Victoria commision after Melbourne resigned his postion?

Hypothesis: In 1839, Melbourne resigned after Radicals and Tories (both of whom Victoria detested) voted against a bill to suspend the constitution of Jamaica.


Premise: What was Berkeley's ethnicity?

Hypothesis: Subjective Idealism (immaterialism or phenomenalism) describes a relationship between experience and the world in which objects are no more than collections or "bundles" of sense data in the perceiver.


Premise: What is one property of copper that makes it so useful in electrical wiring?

Hypothesis: Many electrical devices rely on copper wiring because of its multitude of inherent beneficial properties, such as its high electrical conductivity, tensile strength, ductility, creep (deformation) resistance, corrosion resistance, low thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity, solderability, and ease of installation.


Premise: When was the Grand Service made?

Hypothesis: On these occasions, for up to 170 guests in formal "white tie and decorations", including tiaras, the dining table is laid with the Grand Service, a collection of silver-gilt plate made in 1811 for the Prince of Wales, later George IV.


Premise: What kind of aircraft are capable of taking off vertically?

Hypothesis: Although STOVL aircraft are capable of taking off vertically from a spot on the deck, using the ramp and a running start is far more fuel efficient and permits a heavier launch weight.


Premise: What designation was added to British dates to differentiate them from countries not using the new calendar?

Hypothesis: "Old Style" (OS) and "New Style" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change.


Premise: African dictators often have what kind of bank accounts?

Hypothesis: In Nigeria, for example, more than $400 billion was stolen from the treasury by Nigeria's leaders between 1960 and 1999.


Premise: In what year did Thomas Edison invent the phonograph?

Hypothesis: Despite the similarity of name, there is no documentary evidence that Edison's phonograph was based on Scott's phonautograph.


Premise: Biological and botanical derivatives have what positive effects?

Hypothesis: New pesticides are being developed, including biological and botanical derivatives and alternatives that are thought to reduce health and environmental risks.


Premise: What is Miami's street plan called?

Hypothesis: The Miami grid is primarily numerical so that, for example, all street addresses north of Flagler Street and west of Miami Avenue have "NW" in their address.


Premise: The city has couple of sport stadium which one of them was torn down in 20th century?

Hypothesis: Throughout the second half of the 20th century, New Haven consistently had minor league hockey and baseball teams, which played at the New Haven Arena (built in 1926, demolished in 1972), New Haven Coliseum (1972–2002), and Yale Field (1928–present).


Premise: The floor mosaic in Butrint is how much older than that of the Baptistry?

Hypothesis: The mosaic pavement of the Vrina Plain basilica of Butrint, Albania appear to pre-date that of the Baptistery by almost a generation, dating to the last quarter of the 5th or the first years of the 6th century.


Premise: What is it called to check data passed between units?

Hypothesis: The practice of component interface testing can be used to check the handling of data passed between various units, or subsystem components, beyond full integration testing between those units.


Premise: What did the study reveal after 5 years?

Hypothesis: In April 1994, the results of a Merck-sponsored study, the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study, were announced.


Premise: When did the emperor Constantine  lose rule over in 1453 ?

Hypothesis: Following the Fall of Constantinople on 29 May 1453, many Greeks sought better employment and education opportunities by leaving for the West, particularly Italy, Central Europe, Germany and Russia.


Premise: Who still practices persistence hunting?

Hypothesis: According to the endurance running hypothesis, long-distance running as in persistence hunting, a method still practiced by some hunter-gatherer groups in modern times, was likely the driving evolutionary force leading to the evolution of certain human characteristics.


Premise: What year were the earliest plants that grew wood discovered?

Hypothesis: A 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago.


Premise: What percentage of Ecuador's indigenous population are Highland Quichuas?

Hypothesis: Linguistic evidence suggests that the Salascan and the Saraguro may have been the descendants of Bolivian ethnic groups transplanted to Ecuador as mitimaes.


Premise: During what century did the Russian government claim that Ukrainian was a Russian dialect?

Hypothesis: In the 19th century, the Tsarist Government of the Russian Empire claimed that Ukrainian was merely a dialect of Russian and not a language on its own.


Premise: How many campus buildings are candidates for LEED design and certification?

Hypothesis: As part of this commitment, the university allocates renewable energy credits to offset some of the energy used by residential colleges.


Premise: What ruler recognized the Ottomans in 1547?

Hypothesis: After further advances by the Turks, the Habsburg ruler Ferdinand officially recognized Ottoman ascendancy in Hungary in 1547.


Premise: Who did Stalin have murdered in 1937?

Hypothesis: In 1937, Stalin had the Secretary-General of the CPY, Milan Gorkić, murdered in Moscow.


Premise: Who made Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed?

Hypothesis: EA Sports released another AFL video game, titled Arena Football: Road to Glory, on February 21, 2007, for the PlayStation 2.


Premise: What device uses infrared LEDs to measure oxygen saturation?

Hypothesis: Pulse oximeters use them for measuring oxygen saturation.


Premise: How did the Bovington signal course director view Gaddafi?

Hypothesis: Noting that Gaddafi's favourite hobbies were reading and playing football, he thought him an "amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious."


Premise: How many years was Hoover the FBI director?

Hypothesis: After Hoover's death, Congress passed legislation that limited the tenure of future FBI Directors to ten years.


Premise: Besides being the official language and language of education, what other group uses Catalan?

Hypothesis: Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been recognized as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media, all of which have contributed to its increased prestige.


Premise: What are two things Chopin's performances were known for?

Hypothesis: Most are for solo piano, though he also wrote two piano concertos, a few chamber pieces, and some songs to Polish lyrics.


Premise: What's an example of a form fitting garment?

Hypothesis: Most sports and physical activities are practiced wearing special clothing, for practical, comfort or safety reasons.


Premise: What is the source of amazonite's color?

Hypothesis: Widely thought to have been due to copper because copper compounds often have blue and green colors, the blue-green color is likely to be derived from small quantities of lead and water in the feldspar.


Premise: Who experimented with bitumen extraction techniques to make shipping easier?

Hypothesis: The nearest town, Fort McMurray, Alberta was a small fur trading post, other markets were far away, and transportation costs were too high to ship the raw bituminous sand for paving.


Premise: What is the per person per day targeted use of water for Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: In July 2012 a United Nations Special Rapporteur called on the Tuvalu Government to develop a national water strategy to improve access to safe drinking water and sanitation.


Premise: What percentage of copper that has been mined is still being used today?

Hypothesis: Like aluminium, copper is 100% recyclable without any loss of quality, regardless of whether it is in a raw state or contained in a manufactured product.


Premise: In what presidential election year did Schwarzenegger make a name for himself as a prominent Republican?

Hypothesis: In 1985, Schwarzenegger appeared in "Stop the Madness", an anti-drug music video sponsored by the Reagan administration.


Premise: Who did Apple suggest users go to for performing updates on their SE's?

Hypothesis: For this reason, Apple recommended users bring their SE to an authorized Apple dealer to have upgrades performed.


Premise: What can states or cities offer to NPOs?

Hypothesis: A tax exempt organization's 990 forms are required to be made available for public scrutiny.


Premise: Where is the Four Seasons Town Center located?

Hypothesis: SouthPark Mall in Charlotte is currently the largest in the Carolinas, with almost 2.0 million square feet.


Premise: Which is the more expensive reinforcement type?

Hypothesis: Woven reinforcements are cheaper, but the high dielectric constant of glass may not be favorable for many higher-frequency applications.


Premise: What groups are are utilized toward comprehending symmetry wonders in chemistry?

Hypothesis: Lie groups are the symmetry groups used in the Standard Model of particle physics; Point groups are used to help understand symmetry phenomena in molecular chemistry; and Poincaré groups can express the physical symmetry underlying special relativity.


Premise: What was the goal of Kanye's new creative company DONDA?

Hypothesis: In his announcement, West proclaimed that the company would "pick up where Steve Jobs left off"; DONDA would operate as "a design company which will galvanize amazing thinkers in a creative space to bounce their dreams and ideas" with the "goal to make products and experiences that people want and can afford."


Premise: When did automakers start using electroluminescent technology to backlight gauges?

Hypothesis: Many manufactures are turning to LED headlights as an energy-efficient alternative to traditional headlamps.


Premise: What poem did Franklin Pierce Adams write?

Hypothesis: "Baseball's Sad Lexicon," also known as "Tinker to Evers to Chance" after its refrain, is a 1910 baseball poem by Franklin Pierce Adams.


Premise: Who was the first to design architecture environmentally?

Hypothesis: Sustainability in architecture was pioneered by Frank Lloyd Wright, in the 1960s by Buckminster Fuller and in the 1970s by architects such as Ian McHarg and Sim Van der Ryn in the US and Brenda and Robert Vale in the UK and New Zealand.


Premise: How many nations receive the Idol broadcast?

Hypothesis: In most nations these are not live broadcasts and may be tape delayed by several days or weeks.


Premise: What is the name of the rule that must be met for a group operation to occur?

Hypothesis: By a group action, the group pattern is connected to the structure of the object being acted on.


Premise: What percent of the fly genome is similar to the human genome

Hypothesis: It was found that 70% of the fly genome is similar to the human genome, supporting the evolution theory.


Premise: When did Puerto Rico resolve to request that the United States act on these results?

Hypothesis: On December 11, 2012, Puerto Rico's legislature resolved to request that the President and the U.S. Congress act on the results, end the current form of territorial status and begin the process of admitting Puerto Rico to the Union as a state.


Premise: Transition in glass is comparable to what?

Hypothesis: Nonetheless, the equilibrium theory of phase transformations does not entirely hold for glass, and hence the glass transition cannot be classed as one of the classical equilibrium phase transformations in solids.


Premise: What does LE stand for?

Hypothesis: Life expectancy at birth


Premise: What are the Mustali Ismaili Shia Muslims also known as?

Hypothesis: The line of imams of the Mustali Ismaili Shia Muslims (also known as the Bohras/Dawoodi Bohra) continued up to Aamir ibn Mustali.


Premise: Who spent several years as a political refugee in the city?

Hypothesis: (John Calvin spent several years as a political refugee in the city).


Premise: How does Malian Health and development rank globally?

Hypothesis: Mali faces numerous health challenges related to poverty, malnutrition, and inadequate hygiene and sanitation.


Premise: What is the typical tradeoff in light bulb design?

Hypothesis: Because of this, the lifetime of a filament lamp is a trade-off between efficiency and longevity.


Premise: What are women rewarded with for kissing the giant phalluses?

Hypothesis: Tyrnavos holds an annual Phallus festival, a traditional "phallkloric" event in which giant, gaudily painted effigies of phalluses made of papier maché are paraded, and which women are asked to touch or kiss.


Premise: Approximately how many square feet of interior storage is available at the Port of New Haven?

Hypothesis: New Haven Harbor is home to the Port of New Haven, a deep-water seaport with three berths capable of hosting vessels and barges as well as the facilities required to handle break bulk cargo.


Premise: What was tantojutsu?

Hypothesis: the skill of the knife), which they could use to protect their household, family, and honor if the need arose.


Premise: Is there a final endpoint in identity development?

Hypothesis: For the most part, evidence has supported Erikson's stages: each correlates with the personality traits he originally predicted.


Premise: What city was massacred for not wearing the proper haircut?

Hypothesis: Li Chengdong, a Han Chinese general who had served the Ming but surrendered to the Qing, ordered his Han troops to carry out three separate massacres in the city of Jiading within a month, resulting in tens of thousands of deaths.


Premise: What day did he die?

Hypothesis: After he died, his brow was ritually tapped to see if he was dead, and those with him in the room said prayers.


Premise: What 19th century informal political office did the modern role of White House Chief of Staff correspond to?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower formalized this role, introducing the office of White House Chief of Staff – an idea he borrowed from the United States Army.


Premise: Who was the guitarist in the Kinks?

Hypothesis: Dave Davies of The Kinks, Keith Richards of The Rolling Stones, Pete Townshend of The Who, Hendrix, Clapton and Beck all pioneered the use of new guitar effects like phasing, feedback and distortion.


Premise: Who also collaborated in the design of the 75 mm gun?

Hypothesis: In response Krupp's engineers presented a new 88 mm design, the FlaK 36.


Premise: When was Henry Nelson Wieman invited to the Chicago Divinity school?

Hypothesis: Wieman's lecture was so brilliant that he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years, and for at least thirty years afterward Chicago's Divinity School was closely associated with Whitehead's thought.


Premise: Orontid Armenia was given to Alexander the Great after he took control of what area?

Hypothesis: Orontid Armenia formally passed to empire of Alexander the Great following his conquest of Persia.


Premise: What was Russia's new legal name?

Hypothesis: In a nationally televised speech early in the morning of December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR – or, as he put it, "I hereby discontinue my activities at the post of President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics."


Premise: How many students were in Tuvalu schools in 2010?

Hypothesis: The teacher-pupil ratio for primary schools in Tuvalu is around 1:18 for all schools with the exception of Nauti School, which has a teacher-student ratio of 1:27.


Premise: What policy did Hitler hope the bombing of Allies would cause?

Hypothesis: As the mere threat of it had produced diplomatic results in the 1930s, he expected that the threat of German retaliation would persuade the Allies to adopt a policy of moderation and not to begin a policy of unrestricted bombing.


Premise: How did Max Weber view rationalization?

Hypothesis: This microlevel approach played an important role in American sociology, with the theories of George Herbert Mead and his student Herbert Blumer resulting in the creation of the symbolic interactionism approach to sociology.


Premise: What happens when an anesthetic injection is directed into the nerves a limb stump?

Hypothesis: Vigorous vibration or electrical stimulation of the stump, or current from electrodes surgically implanted onto the spinal cord, all produce relief in some patients.


Premise: How many significant climate regions exist in Nepal?

Hypothesis: Five major climatic regions are found in Nepal.


Premise: Where did the Liberal Revolution of 1820 begin?

Hypothesis: However, the King of Portugal remained in Brazil until the Liberal Revolution of 1820, which started in Porto, demanded his return to Lisbon in 1821.


Premise: Until what year did the belief of hibernating birds persist?

Hypothesis: This belief persisted as late as 1878, when Elliott Coues listed the titles of no less than 182 papers dealing with the hibernation of swallows.


Premise: How is the Faraday constant determined?

Hypothesis: In practice, it is measured in conventional electrical units, and so given the symbol F90.


Premise: Who was Winston Churchill's predecessor?

Hypothesis: After the King's initial dismay over Churchill's appointment of Lord Beaverbrook to the Cabinet, he and Churchill developed "the closest personal relationship in modern British history between a monarch and a Prime Minister".


Premise: What Greek volleyball club is the most successful in the country?

Hypothesis: Olympiacos is the most successful volleyball club in the country having won the most domestic titles and being the only Greek club to have won European titles; they have won two CEV Cups, they have been CEV Champions League runners-up twice and they have played in as many as 12 Final Fours in the European competitions, making them one of the most traditional volleyball clubs in Europe.


Premise: How many Armenians died during the second phase of the Armenian Genocide between 1915-1916??

Hypothesis: The Armenian Genocide is acknowledged to have been one of the first modern genocides.


Premise: What was the name for the ceremony where debutantes had their first introduction into society?

Hypothesis: These young women were known as débutantes, and the occasion—termed their "coming out"—represented their first entrée into society.


Premise: How many quake lakes formed?

Hypothesis: As a result of the magnitude 7.9 earthquake and the many strong aftershocks, many rivers became blocked by large landslides, which resulted in the formation of "quake lakes" behind the blockages; these massive amounts of water were pooling up at a very high rate behind the natural landslide dams and it was feared that the blockages would eventually crumble under the weight of the ever-increasing water mass, potentially endangering the lives of millions of people living downstream.


Premise: What signified the emergence of the Roman Empire?

Hypothesis: The Hellenistic period covers the period of ancient Greek (Hellenic) history and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year.


Premise: Which type of cells in the brain are generated throughout your lifetime?

Hypothesis: Glial cells are different: as with most types of cells in the body, they are generated throughout the lifespan.


Premise: How is the height of a plant determined?

Hypothesis: The gibberelins, such as Gibberelic acid are diterpenes synthesised from acetyl CoA via the mevalonate pathway.


Premise: What species group are annelids' muscle control similar to?

Hypothesis: As in arthropods, each muscle fiber (cell) is controlled by more than one neuron, and the speed and power of the fiber's contractions depends on the combined effects of all its neurons.


Premise: Outside of France, where are the other three branches of the Sorbonne library located?

Hypothesis: In addition to the Sorbonne location, there are branches in Malesherbes, Clignancourt-Championnet, Michelet-Institut d'Art et d'Archéologie, Serpente-Maison de la Recherche, and Institut des Etudes Ibériques.


Premise: Placing red and green next to each other causes their color to be what?

Hypothesis: He also was familiar with the way that complementary colors, such as red and green, strengthened each other when they were placed next to each other.


Premise: What did Kerry say about major religious texts?

Hypothesis: He said that he believed that the Torah, the Qur'an, and the Bible all share a fundamental story which connects with readers.


Premise: How many doctorate and masters programs are available at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School.


Premise: What was Sidney Sheinberg's position with Universal?

Hypothesis: Studio vice president Sidney Sheinberg was impressed by the film, which had won a number of awards, and offered Spielberg a seven-year directing contract.


Premise: Which mountains occupy much of eastern Tennessee?

Hypothesis: The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, and the Mississippi River forms the state's western border.


Premise: Gunlaying radar and RAF controls combined to create what system?

Hypothesis: Bombers were flown with airborne search lights out of desperation[citation needed], but to little avail.


Premise: Johannes Kepler created a model of what?

Hypothesis: This was followed by the first known model of planetary motion given by Johannes Kepler in the early 17th century, which proposed that the planets follow elliptical orbits, with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse.


Premise: Why is the top of the seamount formed by marine organisms?

Hypothesis: The archipelago is formed by high points on the rim of the caldera of a submarine volcano that forms a seamount.


Premise: How many people travel through Will Rogers World Airport each year?

Hypothesis: Will Rogers World Airport is the state's busiest commercial airport, with over 3.6 million passengers annually.


Premise: How many justices are on the Supreme Court?

Hypothesis: They are popularly elected from multi-member constituencies to serve a four-year term.


Premise: Who controlled San Diego's charter for 2 years after it was revoked by California legislature?

Hypothesis: Two years later the city was bankrupt; the California legislature revoked the city's charter and placed it under control of a board of trustees, where it remained until 1889.


Premise: What was carmine made from?

Hypothesis: The wealthy and aristocrats wore scarlet clothing dyed with kermes, or carmine, made from the carminic acid in tiny female scale insects, which lived on the leaves of oak trees in Eastern Europe and around the Mediterranean.


Premise: What did Autosegmental phonology morph into?

Hypothesis: Autosegmental phonology later evolved into feature geometry, which became the standard theory of representation for theories of the organization of phonology as different as lexical phonology and optimality theory.


Premise: Who were the main characters in Stover at Yale?

Hypothesis: For example, Owen Johnson's novel, Stover at Yale, follows the college career of Dink Stover and Frank Merriwell, the model for all later juvenile sports fiction, plays football, baseball, crew, and track at Yale while solving mysteries and righting wrongs.


Premise: The extensive modernization started with what?

Hypothesis: Many Spanish Colonial style buildings were destroyed, replaced by new much larger Porfirian institutions and many outlying rural zones were transformed into urban or industrialized districts with most having electrical, gas and sewage utilities by 1908.


Premise: Was there an energy efficiency improvement in the period 1974 through 1980?

Hypothesis: But after 1974 (thru 1980) there was no improvement in energy-intensity (wh/tonne-km) in part due to increasing speeds of passenger and freight trains.


Premise: What LEDs are considered safer than any other?

Hypothesis: While LEDs have the advantage over fluorescent lamps that they do not contain mercury, they may contain other hazardous metals such as lead and arsenic.


Premise: These regions were occupied by who?

Hypothesis: The color issue was not settled until Kenya became independent in 1963, ending the last vestige of the British Empire.


Premise: How many people did the Plymouth unitary authority gain between 2001 and 2011?

Hypothesis: The Plymouth urban area had a population of 260,203 in 2011 (the urban sprawl which extends outside the authority's boundaries).


Premise: Which shuttle disintegrated in 1986 to cause a decline in the space industry?

Hypothesis: The space industry also suffered in 1986 after the Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrated shortly after launch.


Premise: What problems lead to a suggesting to relocate the population?

Hypothesis: The company experienced difficulty attracting new immigrants, and sentiments of unrest and rebellion fomented among the inhabitants.


Premise: From what direction did Sanskrit travel to come to India?

Hypothesis: In order to explain the common features shared by Sanskrit and other Indo-European languages, many scholars have proposed the Indo-Aryan migration theory, asserting that the original speakers of what became Sanskrit arrived in what is now India and Pakistan from the north-west some time during the early second millennium BCE.


Premise: When did Brasilia's presidential residence open?

Hypothesis: The palace was designed, along with the rest of the city of Brasília, by Oscar Niemeyer and inaugurated in 1958.


Premise: Which caliph ordered the Quran manuscript copied and standardized?

Hypothesis: The present form of the Quran text is accepted by Muslim scholars to be the original version compiled by Abu Bakr.


Premise: When was the International Photography Hall of Fame relocated?

Hypothesis: The museum formerly housed the International Photography Hall of Fame (IPHF) that exhibits photographs and artifacts from a large collection of cameras and other artifacts preserving the history of photography.


Premise: What judge is the Chief Justice of the Tuvalu High Court?

Hypothesis: Sir Gordon Ward is the current Chief Justice of Tuvalu.


Premise: What non-bird animals caused the bird populations of Norfolk Island to suffer?

Hypothesis: As a relatively small and isolated oceanic island, Norfolk has few land birds but a high degree of endemicity among them.


Premise: When did George Bogle come to Shigatse to investigate prospects of trade.

Hypothesis: This period also saw some contacts with Jesuits and Capuchins from Europe, and in 1774 a Scottish nobleman, George Bogle, came to Shigatse to investigate prospects of trade for the British East India Company.


Premise: What tribesman were being transported  as slaves on a ship by the Spanish?

Hypothesis: New Haven was home to one of the important early events in the burgeoning anti-slavery movement when, in 1839, the trial of mutineering Mende tribesmen being transported as slaves on the Spanish slaveship Amistad was held in New Haven's United States District Court.


Premise: Who starred as Chopin in Impromptu?

Hypothesis: Other film treatments have included: La valse de l'adieu (France, 1928) by Henry Roussel, with Pierre Blanchar as Chopin; Impromptu (1991), starring Hugh Grant as Chopin; La note bleue (1991); and Chopin: Desire for Love (2002).


Premise: What is an example of a German encirclement battle?

Hypothesis: Service was compulsory for all of men of military age, and thus Prussia and its North and South German allies could mobilise and field some 1,000,000 soldiers in time of war.


Premise: In 1939, what caused nearly 2 million Koreans to be forced into the labor force or the army?

Hypothesis: Starting in 1939, the populace was required to use Japanese names under the Sōshi-kaimei policy.


Premise: What do many historical linguists consider modern Greek to be a dialect of?

Hypothesis: This point of view sees the modern Romance languages as dialects of Latin, modern Greek as a dialect of Ancient Greek, Tok Pisin as a dialect of English, and North Germanic as dialects of Old Norse.


Premise: When was a ruling handed down on the Mount Soledad cross controversy?

Hypothesis: In ruling on the Mount Soledad cross controversy on May 3, 2006, however, a federal judge ruled that the cross on public property on Mount Soledad must be removed.


Premise: What do annelids without septa have to use for circulation?

Hypothesis: Species with poorly developed or no septa generally have no blood vessels and rely on the circulation within the coelom for delivering nutrients and oxygen.


Premise: How much revenue for companies is generated by the BDS system?

Hypothesis: According to China daily.


Premise: What biographer of Chopin wrote that Chopin never considered himself French?

Hypothesis: Chopin's biographer Adam Zamoyski writes that he never considered himself to be French, despite his father's French origins, and always saw himself as a Pole.


Premise: When did Lodygin invent his first lamp?

Hypothesis: He used as a burner two carbon rods of diminished section in a glass receiver, hermetically sealed, and filled with nitrogen, electrically arranged so that the current could be passed to the second carbon when the first had been consumed.


Premise: When Gaddafi went to England, how did he respond to their culture?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi disliked England, claiming British Army officers racially insulted him and finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes.


Premise: What did King George III want to make Burke an Earl of?

Hypothesis: Even this modest reward was attacked by the Duke of Bedford and the Earl of Lauderdale, to whom Burke replied in his Letter to a Noble Lord (1796): "It cannot at this time be too often repeated; line upon line; precept upon precept; until it comes into the currency of a proverb, To innovate is not to reform".


Premise: What systems used IBM866 encoding?

Hypothesis: This encoding was and still is widely used in UNIX-like operating systems.


Premise: What in the Chinese program caused trouble for UNFPA?

Hypothesis: In a letter from the Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs Nicholas Burns to Congress, the administration said it had determined that UNFPA’s support for China’s population program “facilitates (its) government’s coercive abortion program”, thus violating the Kemp-Kasten Amendment, which bans the use of United States aid to finance organizations that support or take part in managing a program of coercive abortion of sterilization.


Premise: How much evidence of the link between the languages is currently available ?

Hypothesis: The characteristically Greek representation of word-initial laryngeals by prothetic vowels is shared, for one, by the Armenian language, which also seems to share some other phonological and morphological peculiarities of Greek; this has led some linguists to propose a hypothetical closer relationship between Greek and Armenian, although evidence remains scant.


Premise: What part of Zhejiang is a center of aquaculture in China?

Hypothesis: True to its name, rice is the main crop, followed by wheat; north Zhejiang is also a center of aquaculture in China, and the Zhoushan fishery is the largest fishery in the country.


Premise: How does the United States view North Korea's threats?

Hypothesis: Hagel also stated that the United States would deploy the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense anti-ballistic missile system to Guam, because of a credible and realistic nuclear threat from North Korea.


Premise: What complaint did Elliot have about Kerry's actions?

Hypothesis: Elliott recommended Kerry for the Silver Star, and Zumwalt flew into An Thoi to personally award medals to Kerry and the rest of the sailors involved in the mission.


Premise: Cache, download history, cookies, browsing and what else can be quickly deleted in browsers?

Hypothesis: For a comparison of the current security vulnerabilities of browsers, see comparison of web browsers.


Premise: What achievement of the Han era can be used to help solve linear equations?

Hypothesis: Han-era mathematical achievements include solving problems with right-angle triangles, square roots, cube roots, and matrix methods, finding more accurate approximations for pi, providing mathematical proof of the Pythagorean theorem, use of the decimal fraction, Gaussian elimination to solve linear equations, and continued fractions to find the roots of equations.


Premise: What was the charity that Madonna was involved in when in Malawi?

Hypothesis: While on tour Madonna participated in the Raising Malawi initiative by partially funding an orphanage in and traveling to that country.


Premise: Why is Lancashire smaller than its historical extent?

Hypothesis: Lancashire is smaller than its historical extent following a major reform of local government.


Premise: What genre of music is featured at Junk?

Hypothesis: The city also has several smaller music venues, including the Brook, The Talking Heads, The Soul Cellar, The Joiners and Turner Sims, as well as smaller "club circuit" venues like Hampton's and Lennon's, and a number of public houses including the Platform tavern, the Dolphin, the Blue Keys and many others.


Premise: What are alloys called when the insoluble elements don't separate until after crystallization occurs?

Hypothesis: However, in other alloys, the insoluble elements may not separate until after crystallization occurs.


Premise: Who is responsible for the Census Bureau discarding the mulatto category?

Hypothesis: This was a result of the Southern-dominated Congress convincing the Census Bureau to change its rules.


Premise: Where were the first women's Olympic competitions held?

Hypothesis: These games were held in 1928, in Amsterdam.


Premise: What did Henrich d'Arrest seek to find?

Hypothesis: Challis later realised that he had observed the planet twice, on 4 and 12 August, but did not recognise it as a planet because he lacked an up-to-date star map and was distracted by his concurrent work on comet observations.


Premise: What purpose does Selenizza have in the drilling industry?

Hypothesis: It may be blended with the hot bitumen in tanks, but its granular form allows it to be fed in the mixer or in the recycling ring of normal asphalt plants.


Premise: Some of the positive aspects of youtube might be that it provides what on a scale we've never seen before?

Hypothesis: Some of the comments on YouTube make you weep for the future of humanity just for the spelling alone, never mind the obscenity and the naked hatred".


Premise: How should the characters with the macron and acute be displayed?

Hypothesis: Characters with diacritical marks can generally be represented either as a single precomposed character or as a decomposed sequence of a base letter plus one or more non-spacing marks.


Premise: WHat program compliment reinvent the toilet

Hypothesis: In 2011, the foundation launched a program called "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge" with the aim to promote the development of innovations in toilet design to benefit the 2.5 billion people that do not have access to safe and effective sanitation.


Premise: What surprising feature does youtube possibly have the chance to revolutionize?

Hypothesis: Anderson asserted that it's not far-fetched to say that online video will dramatically accelerate scientific advance, and that video contributors may be about to launch "the biggest learning cycle in human history."


Premise: What nationality was Alcmaeon of Croton?

Hypothesis: In China, the concept of Qi developed, a spirit or "wind" similar to what Western Europeans later called pneuma.


Premise: What are Hamburg and Berlin called?

Hypothesis: With an emphasis on geographical conditions, Berlin and Hamburg are frequently called Stadtstaaten (city-states), as is the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, which in fact includes the cities of Bremen and Bremerhaven.


Premise: What does VBR stand for?

Hypothesis: Users who know a particular "quality setting" that is transparent to their ears can use this value when encoding all of their music, and generally speaking not need to worry about performing personal listening tests on each piece of music to determine the correct bit rate.


Premise: What are two other ingredients in the dog meat recipe in Korea?

Hypothesis: While the dishes are still popular in Korea with a segment of the population, dog is not as widely consumed as beef, chicken, and pork.


Premise: What was Nintendo's first approved emulator?

Hypothesis: Emulation of the SNES is now available on handheld units, such as Android devices, Apple's iPhone and iPad, Sony's PlayStation Portable (PSP), the Nintendo DS and Game Boy Advance, the Gizmondo, the Dingoo and the GP2X by GamePark Holdings, as well as PDAs.


Premise: What leader was the first consul of the Roman Republic?

Hypothesis: Political or military executions were sometimes conducted in such a way that they evoked human sacrifice, whether deliberately or in the perception of witnesses; Marcus Marius Gratidianus was a gruesome example.


Premise: Why are the Marshall Islands the most endangered nation on Earth?

Hypothesis: Due to its very low elevation, the Marshall Islands are threatened by the potential effects of sea level rise.


Premise: When did Quebec land in British hands?

Hypothesis: The colonies that had confederated to form the United States invaded Canada (at the time a term referring specifically to the modern-day provinces of Quebec and Ontario, which had only been in British hands since 1763) at least twice, neither time succeeding in taking control of the territory.


Premise: What group boycotted the elections?

Hypothesis: The Muslim Brotherhood and some liberal and secular activist groups boycotted the vote.


Premise: When was the administrative county of Lancashire created?

Hypothesis: In 1889, the administrative county of Lancashire was created, covering the historical county except for the county boroughs such as Blackburn, Burnley, Barrow-in-Furness, Preston, Wigan, Liverpool and Manchester.


Premise: What country did the torch get to for the first time?

Hypothesis: There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.


Premise: Has Bermuda's constitution ever been amended?

Hypothesis: The House of Assembly, or lower house, has 36 members, elected by the eligible voting populace in secret ballot to represent geographically defined constituencies.


Premise: How much would global sea levels rise if Greenland and Antartica's glaciers were to melt?

Hypothesis: The only extant ice sheets are the two that cover most of Antarctica and Greenland.


Premise: What caused Latin America's right-wing authorities to support coup o'etats?

Hypothesis: In Latin America in the 1970s, leftists acquired a significant political influence which prompted the right-wing, ecclesiastical authorities and a large portion of the individual country's upper class to support coup d'états to avoid what they perceived as a communist threat.


Premise: What is the county flower of Lancaster?

Hypothesis: The Red Rose of Lancaster is the county flower found on the county's heraldic badge and flag.


Premise: What is one of the regular folk festivals called?

Hypothesis: Regular folk festivals include the Fylde Folk Festival at Fleetwood.


Premise: What color of ceramic glaze was extracted from uranium oxide?

Hypothesis: Starting in the late Middle Ages, pitchblende was extracted from the Habsburg silver mines in Joachimsthal, Bohemia (now Jáchymov in the Czech Republic), and was used as a coloring agent in the local glassmaking industry.


Premise: What EQ settings were known to have issues with bass distortion?

Hypothesis: This would happen for EQ settings like R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster, because the equalizer amplified the digital audio level beyond the software's limit, causing distortion (clipping) on bass instruments.


Premise: What does BYU mandate of it's student members of the LDS Church to be?

Hypothesis: "BYU's campus becomes one of the busiest and largest centers of worship in the world" with about 24,000 persons attending church services on campus.


Premise: A seismometer during the Han dynasty used what type of pendulum?

Hypothesis: The Han dynasty was an age of economic prosperity and saw a significant growth of the money economy first established during the Zhou dynasty (c. 1050–256 BC).


Premise: Who had swamps and forests for their cities?

Hypothesis: Jordanes tells us that the Sclaveni had swamps and forests for their cities.


Premise: What is perceived as the general priority of the food processing industry in this sort of economy?

Hypothesis: In any known profit-driven economy, health considerations are hardly a priority; effective production of cheap foods with a long shelf-life is more the trend.


Premise: What did the Greeks wants to be imparted to their descendants ?

Hypothesis: This age saw the Greeks move towards larger cities and a reduction in the importance of the city-state.


Premise: What year did Nathaniel Battes settle in North Carolina?

Hypothesis: After the Spanish in the 16th century, the first permanent European settlers of North Carolina were English colonists who migrated south from Virginia.


Premise: How many student organizations does Washington University have on campus?

Hypothesis: Washington University has over 300 undergraduate student organizations on campus.


Premise: What east-west artery in New Haven serves Union Station?

Hypothesis: U.S. Route 1 (Columbus Avenue, Union Avenue, Water Street, Forbes Avenue) runs in an east-west direction south of downtown serving Union Station and leading out of the city to Milford, West Haven, East Haven and Branford.


Premise: The Avogadro constant is determined to be the ratio between what two factors in the X-ray crystal density method?

Hypothesis: The principle behind the method is to determine NA as the ratio between the volume of the unit cell of a crystal, measured by X-ray crystallography, and the molar volume of the substance.


Premise: What body of water is Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge adjacent to?

Hypothesis: In Staten Island, the park includes Fort Wadsworth, with historic pre-Civil War era Battery Weed and Fort Tompkins, and Great Kills Park, with beaches, trails, and a marina.


Premise: How many halls are at Notre Dame that house students?

Hypothesis: Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel.


Premise: Who can be credited with saying essentially humans are the gods of gods?

Hypothesis: The Silver Rule of Confucianism from Analects XV.24, is an example of ethical philosophy based on human values rather than the supernatural.


Premise: What was the population of Boston in 1822?

Hypothesis: At the time Boston was chartered as a city, the population was about 46,226, while the area of the city was only 4.7 square miles (12 km2).


Premise: On which book and who was the author was one of the main sources of the historical study of Cubism based?

Hypothesis: The historical study of Cubism began in the late 1920s, drawing at first from sources of limited data, namely the opinions of Guillaume Apollinaire.


Premise: what are the 2 sections of the somerset levels

Hypothesis: The Levels are divided into two by the Polden Hills; land to the south is drained by the River Parrett while land to the north is drained by the River Axe and the River Brue.


Premise: What year was the India Gate built?

Hypothesis: It is the national monument of India commemorating the 90,000 soldiers of the Indian Army who lost their lives while fighting for the British Raj in World War I and the Third Anglo-Afghan War.


Premise: What state are the protons in when in the orthohydrogen form?

Hypothesis: The equilibrium ratio of orthohydrogen to parahydrogen depends on temperature, but because the ortho form is an excited state and has a higher energy than the para form, it is unstable and cannot be purified.


Premise: What is the term for a subdivision of a hizb?

Hypothesis: The Quran is also divided into seven approximately equal parts, manzil (plural manāzil), for it to be recited in a week.


Premise: What label pushed out Kanye's fourth studio album?

Hypothesis: 808s & Heartbreak, which features extensive use of the eponymous Roland TR-808 drum machine and contains themes of love, loneliness, and heartache, was released by Island Def Jam to capitalize on Thanksgiving weekend in November 2008.


Premise: The efficiency of decoders is examined by seeing how much memory and what other process they use in the decoding process?

Hypothesis: Decoding, on the other hand, is carefully defined in the standard.


Premise: Who was the religious leader of the original Puritan settlers?

Hypothesis: In April 1638, the main party of five hundred Puritans who left the Massachusetts Bay Colony under the leadership of the Reverend John Davenport and the London merchant Theophilus Eaton sailed into the harbor.


Premise: What is the lowest score on the Democracy Score scale?

Hypothesis: Freedom House categorized Armenia in its 2008 report as a "Semi-consolidated Authoritarian Regime" (along with Moldova, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia) and ranked Armenia 20th among 29 nations in transition, with a Democracy Score of 5.21 out of 7 (7 represents the lowest democratic progress).


Premise: How long have international oil companies been in Nigeria?

Hypothesis: In August 2014, Shell Oil Company said it was finalising its interests in four Nigerian oil fields.


Premise: What is one of the Musical schools

Hypothesis: There is also a range of independent or public schools.


Premise: Where was The Mogadishu Times published?

Hypothesis: According to Issa Farah, a former editor with the Dalka broadsheet, newspaper publishing in Somalia is likely to experience a resurgence if the National Somali Printing Press is re-opened and the sector is given adequate public support.


Premise: How can bacteria resist virus DNA?

Hypothesis: This CRISPR system provides bacteria with acquired immunity to infection.


Premise: The scientific revolution contributed to what, in terms of science?

Hypothesis: The creation of new scientific constructs during the scientific revolution, and the epistemological challenges that were inherent within this creation, initiated the idea of both the autonomy of science and the hierarchy of the disciplines.


Premise: What is undisputed about early humans?

Hypothesis: While it is undisputed that early humans were hunters, the importance of this for the emergence of the Homo genus from the earlier Australopithecines, including the production of stone tools and eventually the control of fire, are emphasised in the hunting hypothesis and de-emphasised in scenarios that stress omnivory and social interaction, including mating behaviour, as essential in the emergence of human behavioural modernity.


Premise: What does PCB stand for?

Hypothesis: General Electric heavily contaminated the Hudson River with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) between 1947-77.


Premise: Where di the first performances of Diagheliv's Ballets Russes take place?

Hypothesis: In middle of the 19th century, there were three other active and competing opera houses: the Opéra-Comique (which still exists), Théâtre-Italien, and Théâtre Lyrique (which in modern times changed its profile and name to Théâtre de la Ville).


Premise: Which Charleston community had a large influence on jazz music?

Hypothesis: The geechee dances that accompanied the music of the dock workers in Charleston followed a rhythm that inspired Eubie Blake's "Charleston Rag" and later James P. Johnson's "The Charleston", as well as the dance craze that defined a nation in the 1920s.


Premise: Where do most Cypriots receiver higher education?

Hypothesis: The majority of Cypriots receive their higher education at Greek, British, Turkish, other European and North American universities.


Premise: The Thorakitai used what type of oval shield?

Hypothesis: This period also saw the adoption of new weapons and troop types such as Thureophoroi and the Thorakitai who used the oval Thureos shield and fought with javelins and the machaira sword.


Premise: What is the name of a notable green office building in New York?

Hypothesis: The city is also a leader in the construction of energy-efficient green office buildings, including the Hearst Tower among others.


Premise: What were the studia humanitatis competing against?

Hypothesis: The people were associated with the studia humanitatis, a novel curriculum that was competing with the quadrivium and scholastic logic.


Premise: What year was Cyprus supposed to host the international art festival Manifesta?

Hypothesis: Cyprus was due to host the international art festival Manifesta in 2006 but this was cancelled at the last minute following a dispute between the Dutch organizers of Manifesta and the Cyprus Ministry of Education and Culture over the location of some of the Manifesta events in the Turkish sector of the capital Nicosia.


Premise: Where does a cappella still maintain a heavy presence?

Hypothesis: There also remains a strong a cappella presence within Christian music, as some denominations purposefully do not use instruments during worship.


Premise: What is the materialistic view of matter in relation to other objects?

Hypothesis: The idea of matter as primary makes people think of objects as being fundamentally separate in time and space, and not necessarily related to anything.


Premise: What are the three types of transport in Nanjing?

Hypothesis: As in most other Chinese cities, public transportation is the dominant mode of travel of the majority of the citizens.


Premise: Buddhists call anapanasati what?

Hypothesis: He devoted himself to anapanasati meditation, through which he discovered what Buddhists call the Middle Way (Skt. madhyamā-pratipad): a path of moderation between the extremes of self-indulgence and self-mortification.[web 2][web 3]


Premise: When was the Regius Poem written?

Hypothesis: The fifteenth century also sees the first evidence of ceremonial regalia.


Premise: How many households were in Oklahoma city?

Hypothesis: One person households account for 30.5% of all households and 8.7% of all households had someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older.


Premise: In how many countries does Shell have operations?

Hypothesis: Shell Oil Company, its subsidiary in the United States, is one of its largest businesses.


Premise: What did Albert establish himself as?

Hypothesis: Albert established himself as the first duke of the Duchy of Prussia and a vassal of the Polish crown by the Prussian Homage.


Premise: The works of which two scholars were used to teach Sanskrit to the higher castes of India?

Hypothesis: Knowledge of Sanskrit was a marker of social class and educational attainment in ancient India, and the language was taught mainly to members of the higher castes through the close analysis of Vyākaraṇins such as Pāṇini and Patanjali, who exhorted proper Sanskrit at all times, especially during ritual.


Premise: How many krais were present in the RSFSR?

Hypothesis: The Republic comprised sixteen autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, ten autonomous okrugs, six krais, and forty oblasts.


Premise: By late afternoon, what were the Prussian southern attacks at risk of?

Hypothesis: At 18:15 the Prussian 2nd Guards Infantry Brigade, the last of the 1st Guards Infantry Division, was committed to the attack on St. Privat while Steinmetz committed the last of the reserves of the First Army across the Mance Ravine.


Premise: What conflict prompted Libya to end its nuclear weapons program?

Hypothesis: Influenced by the events of the Iraq War, in December 2003, Libya renounced its possession of weapons of mass destruction, decommissioning its chemical and nuclear weapons programs.


Premise: What feature of the enemies in Twilight Princess is more advanced?

Hypothesis: The artificial intelligence (AI) of enemies in Twilight Princess is more advanced than that of enemies in The Wind Waker.


Premise: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Romney get?

Hypothesis: On the same day, John McCain won 54.4% of the borough's 5,643 Republican votes, Mitt Romney 20.8%, Mike Huckabee 8.2%, Ron Paul 7.4%, Rudy Giuliani 5.6%, and the other candidates (Fred Thompson, Duncan Hunter and Alan Keyes) 3.6% between them.


Premise: What does Aquinas define as the aim toward which law is working?

Hypothesis: Canonical jurisprudential theory generally follows the principles of Aristotelian-Thomistic legal philosophy.


Premise: At what time in the middle of the night was the diplomat summoned?

Hypothesis: Wary of protests, the Indian authorities have decided to shorten the route of the relay in New Delhi, and have given it the security normally associated with Republic Day celebrations, which are considered terrorist targets.


Premise: How many jobs in the primary sector were agrictulture?

Hypothesis: The number of jobs in the primary sector was 203, of which 184 were in agriculture and 19 were in forestry or lumber production.


Premise: For whom did de Peyster name Ellice's Island?

Hypothesis: The name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of English hydrographer Alexander George Findlay.


Premise: When did the first wave of Humanism reach Europe?

Hypothesis: Renaissance humanism was an intellectual movement in Europe of the later Middle Ages and the Early Modern period.


Premise: Various companies in Japan did what to their games for certain specifics?

Hypothesis: Adapters, similar in design to the popular accessory Game Genie, are available that allow Famicom games to be played on an NES.


Premise: Who rejected attempts to introduce the Carnival in Bogotá?

Hypothesis: The result was the uninterrupted celebration of Carnival festivals in Barranquilla (see Barranquilla's Carnival) now recognized as one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.


Premise: During what years did the Ottoman war against Habsburg Austria occur?

Hypothesis: The Long War against Habsburg Austria (1593–1606) created the need for greater numbers of Ottoman infantry equipped with firearms, resulting in a relaxation of recruitment policy.


Premise: What day did German invade Poland?

Hypothesis: Within the first few days of the invasion, Germany began conducting massacres of Polish and Jewish civilians and POWs.


Premise: The Torah im Derech Eretz insisted that Jews should attempt to engage and influence what?

Hypothesis: Hirsch held the opinion that Judaism demands an application of Torah thought to the entire realm of human experience, including the secular disciplines.


Premise: What is the pope's official title?

Hypothesis: In the Roman Church, universal positive ecclesiastical laws, based upon either immutable divine and natural law, or changeable circumstantial and merely positive law, derive formal authority and promulgation from the office of pope, who as Supreme Pontiff possesses the totality of legislative, executive, and judicial power in his person.


Premise: Who is Toni Morrison?

Hypothesis: Toni Morrison once described Bill Clinton as the first black President of the United States, because, as she put it, he displayed "almost every trope of blackness".


Premise: What ethnicity was his mother?

Hypothesis: In response to an advertisement for an acting position, as a young man he said, "I am not white


Premise: Who is writing the Freddie Mercury film?

Hypothesis: In September 2010, Brian May announced in a BBC interview that Sacha Baron Cohen was to play Mercury in a film of the same name.


Premise: How many species of Mosses are there in Antarctica?

Hypothesis: There are about 100 species of mosses and 25 species of liverworts, but only three species of flowering plants, all of which are found in the Antarctic Peninsula: Deschampsia antarctica (Antarctic hair grass), Colobanthus quitensis (Antarctic pearlwort) and the non-native Poa annua (annual bluegrass).


Premise: 8th Street between Avenue A and Third Avenue is called what?

Hypothesis: 8th and 9th Streets run parallel to each other, beginning at Avenue D, interrupted by Tompkins Square Park at Avenue B, resuming at Avenue A and continuing to Sixth Avenue.


Premise: When did the Crown take over the island?

Hypothesis: The coin remains readily available to collectors.


Premise: What view became popular of the British people in WWII?

Hypothesis: A converse popular image arose of British people in the Second World War: a collection of people locked in national solidarity.


Premise: When did Beyonce partner with C&A to sell fashion in Brazil?

Hypothesis: In July 2009, Beyoncé and her mother launched a new junior apparel label, Sasha Fierce for Deréon, for back-to-school selling.


Premise: What does the massed snow in Antarctica produce?

Hypothesis: This means that it is a very cold continent where water is mostly in the form of ice.


Premise: What subject did Kanye's mother teach at her university?

Hypothesis: West's mother, Dr. Donda C. (Williams) West, was a professor of English at Clark Atlanta University, and the Chair of the English Department at Chicago State University before retiring to serve as his manager.


Premise: What are the old Masonic document referred as?

Hypothesis: Since the middle of the 19th century, Masonic historians have sought the origins of the movement in a series of similar documents known as the Old Charges, dating from the Regius Poem in about 1425 to the beginning of the 18th century.


Premise: What was his "secret" title after World War II?

Hypothesis: In the West, his name was only officially revealed when he died in 1966.


Premise: What year did teaching start at the Banská Akadémia?

Hypothesis: Teaching started in 1764.


Premise: Who was the OSO trying to track and gain intelligence on?

Hypothesis: Initially the OSO was tasked with spying and subversion overseas with a budget of $15 million, the largesse of a small number of patrons in congress.


Premise: How many runners up in the Champions League were from the Premier League between 1992 and 2013?

Hypothesis: The FIFA Club World Cup (or the FIFA Club World Championship, as it was originally called) has been won by Premier league clubs once


Premise: What was Jim Hendry promoted to?

Hypothesis: On July 5, 2002 the Cubs promoted assistant general manager and player personnel director Jim Hendry to the General Manager position.


Premise: What does the outer housing of a miniature motor resemble?

Hypothesis: To minimize overall weight and size, miniature PM motors may use high energy magnets made with neodymium or other strategic elements; most such are neodymium-iron-boron alloy.


Premise: What Historian was in charge of rebuilding the municipal archives?

Hypothesis: In 1871, after the end of the war, the city was annexed to the newly established German Empire as part of the Reichsland Elsass-Lothringen under the terms of the Treaty of Frankfurt.


Premise: The creation of the public sphere is associated with the rise of capitalism and which other historical trend?

Hypothesis: The creation of the public sphere has been associated with two long-term historical trends: the rise of the modern nation state and the rise of capitalism.


Premise: Which incredibly prestigious position did Huw Thomas hold?

Hypothesis: Author, H. G. Wells, McLaren and Ferrari Chief Designer, Nicholas Tombazis, CEO of Rolls Royce, Ralph Robins, rock band Queen, Brian May, CEO of Singapore Airlines, Chew Choon Seng, Prime Minister of New Zealand, Julius Vogel, Prime Minister of India, Rajiv Gandhi, Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore, Teo Chee Hean, Chief Medical Officer for England, Sir Liam Donaldson, Head Physician to the Queen, Huw Thomas, CEO of Moonfruit, Wendy Tan White, Businessman and philanthropist, Winston Wong, billionaire hedge fund manager Alan Howard.


Premise: What American official notably opposed the armistice?

Hypothesis: The armistice and boundary remain in effect today, with American soldiers stationed there to guarantee it.


Premise: What was the first American hockey team to win a Stanley Cup?

Hypothesis: Seattle's professional sports history began at the start of the 20th century with the PCHA's Seattle Metropolitans, which in 1917 became the first American hockey team to win the Stanley Cup.


Premise: Who first used the term Iranian language?

Hypothesis: The use of the term for the Iranian language family was introduced in 1836 by Christian Lassen.


Premise: How did the claims on the areas in Africa benefit the European powers?

Hypothesis: The European nation that held the claim developed and benefited from their colony’s commercial interests without having to fear rival European competition.


Premise: What land was included in the kingdom of Ba?

Hypothesis: Ba included Chongqing and the land in eastern Sichuan along the Yangtze and some tributary streams, while Shu included today's Chengdu, its surrounding plain and adjacent territories in western Sichuan.


Premise: When do mixed race individuals feel marginalized?

Hypothesis: For example, when applying to schools or for a job, or when taking standardized tests, Americans are sometimes asked to check boxes corresponding to race or ethnicity.


Premise: What language is Hokkien distantly related to?

Hypothesis: It is closely related to the Teochew, though mutual comprehension is difficult, and is somewhat more distantly related to Hainanese.


Premise: What region produced several writing systems independent of other areas of the world?

Hypothesis: Independent from the development of writing in other areas of the world, the Mesoamerican region produced several indigenous writing systems beginning in the 1st millennium BCE.


Premise: What does informal leaning usually consist of amongst people who take this route of learning?

Hypothesis: For many learners this includes language acquisition, cultural norms and manners.


Premise: Fearing traffic problems, how many people refused to leave Galveston before Hurricane Ike?

Hypothesis: As many as forty percent refused to leave Galveston Island because they feared the traffic problems that happened after Hurricane Rita.


Premise: Name an example of a heavy isotope?

Hypothesis: Familiar examples of such processes include nuclear decay, in which energy is released that was originally "stored" in heavy isotopes (such as uranium and thorium), by nucleosynthesis, a process ultimately using the gravitational potential energy released from the gravitational collapse of supernovae, to store energy in the creation of these heavy elements before they were incorporated into the solar system and the Earth.


Premise: How much money did Spectre gross on it's opening day in the UK?

Hypothesis: In the U.K., it surpassed Avatar to become the country's highest-grossing IMAX release ever with $10.09 million.


Premise: What part of the system was Sony having trouble getting supplies for?

Hypothesis: Also, the launch price of the Japanese 20 GB model was reduced by over 20%, and the 60 GB model was announced for an open pricing scheme in Japan.


Premise: What family has the Northumberland Vault?

Hypothesis: Members of the Percy Family have a family vault, The Northumberland Vault, in St Nicholas's chapel within the abbey.


Premise: What must an adjective's case agree with in Czech?

Hypothesis: When Czech children learn their language's declension patterns, the cases are referred to by number:


Premise: How much a  Myanmar's boundaries are encompassed by beachfront lands?

Hypothesis: my-AN-mar (also with the stress on first syllable); Burmese pronunciation: [mjəmà]),[nb 1] officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia bordered by Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand.


Premise: What did these three categories correspond with?

Hypothesis: The classification scheme, which was meant only to describe males, separated them into three basic categories: dionings, urnings and uranodionings.


Premise: When was the finale held?

Hypothesis: DeWyze was declared the winner during the May 26 finale.


Premise: What sort of things did Bell collect as a child?

Hypothesis: Young Bell asked what needed to be done at the mill.


Premise: What fields are forced to confront one another in anthropology?

Hypothesis: Anthropology is a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another.


Premise: What leader tried to unite all people considered themselves "German"

Hypothesis: The Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler, attempted to unite all the people they claimed were "Germans" (Volksdeutsche) into one realm, including ethnic Germans in eastern Europe, many of whom had emigrated more than one hundred fifty years before and developed separate cultures in their new lands.


Premise: On what date was the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States signed?

Hypothesis: On December 8, 1991, at Viskuli near Brest (Belarus), the President of the Russian SFSR and the heads of Byelorussian SSR and Ukrainian SSR signed the "Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States" (known in media as Belavezha Accords).


Premise: Federal law overrides what laws?

Hypothesis: Federal law and treaties, so long as they are in accordance with the Constitution, preempt conflicting state and territorial laws in the 50 U.S. states and in the territories.


Premise: What year was the island evacuated due to an eruption?

Hypothesis: The 1961 eruption of Queen Mary's Peak forced the evacuation of the entire population via Cape Town to England.


Premise: How many total times has Schwarzenegger won the Mr. Universe title?

Hypothesis: Schwarzenegger then flew back to Munich, training for four to six hours daily, attending business school and working in a health club (Rolf Putziger's gym where he worked and trained from 1966–1968), returning in 1968 to London to win his next Mr. Universe title.


Premise: What was the problem with AA gunnery?

Hypothesis: The problem was of successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position, with various factors affecting the shells' predicted trajectory.


Premise: What party rose to power after 2011 resignation of Egypt leader?

Hypothesis: Later elections saw the rise of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was ousted by the army a year later amid mass protests.


Premise: What did the Guptas promote in their reigns?

Hypothesis: I, Samudragupta, and Chandragupta II - brought much of India under their leadership.


Premise: It was believed that Victorias true father was a hemophiliac and not who?

Hypothesis: There is no documentary evidence of a haemophiliac in connection with Victoria's mother, and as male carriers always suffer the disease, even if such a man had existed he would have been seriously ill.


Premise: What is a lesser spoken, secondary language in Bermuda?

Hypothesis: Due to 160 years of immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands (primarily the Azores, though also from Madeira and the Cape Verde Islands), a portion of the population also speaks Portuguese.


Premise: What structure was referred to as a "Palmerston's Folly"?

Hypothesis: It is owned by the Landmark Trust and is open to the public.


Premise: What hero of Rome studied Greek philosophy and science?

Hypothesis: Roman heroes such as Scipio Africanus, tended to study philosophy and regarded Greek culture and science as an example to be followed.


Premise: In what century was the Notre Dame Cathedral built?

Hypothesis: The notable architectural landmarks of Paris include Notre Dame Cathedral (12th century); the Sainte-Chapelle (13th century); the Eiffel Tower (1889); and the Basilica of Sacré-Cœur on Montmartre (1914).


Premise: What is the longest bridge over a continuous body of sea water in the world?

Hypothesis: Ningbo, Wenzhou, Taizhou and Zhoushan are important commercial ports.


Premise: What was the FleetCenter built to replace?

Hypothesis: The TD Garden, formerly called the FleetCenter and built to replace the old, since-demolished Boston Garden, is adjoined to North Station and is the home of two major league teams: the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League and the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association.


Premise: What disease contributed greatly to Bell's death?

Hypothesis: Bell died of complications arising from diabetes on August 2, 1922, at his private estate, Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia, at age 75.


Premise: How does 'Pasta al Sugo e Berbere' translate in English?

Hypothesis: They brought the use of "pasta" to Italian Eritrea, and it is one of the main food eaten in present-day Asmara.


Premise: What year did the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approve bedaquiline?

Hypothesis: Bedaquiline received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in late 2012.


Premise: The Cubs had a Class A minor league affiliation on two occasions with who?

Hypothesis: Before signing a developmental agreement with the Kane County Cougars in 2012, the Cubs had a Class A minor league affiliation on two occasions with the Peoria Chiefs (1985–1995 and 2004–2012).


Premise: What were some of the opinions foreign advisers stated about the Burma 2010 elections ?

Hypothesis: One criticism of the election was that only government sanctioned political parties were allowed to contest in it and the popular National League for Democracy was declared illegal.


Premise: Where is the Hotel Lux located in Russia?

Hypothesis: They married in October 1936, but the records of this marriage were later erased.


Premise: Other than the Jewish Theological Seminary, which other Seminary touches Seminary Row?

Hypothesis: Seminary Row is named for the Union Theological Seminary and the Jewish Theological Seminary which it touches.


Premise: When did Nintendo release a cleaning kit?

Hypothesis: In 1989, Nintendo released an official NES Cleaning Kit to help users clean malfunctioning cartridges and consoles.


Premise: Which act created the Upper Canada provinces?

Hypothesis: The 14,000 Loyalists who went to the Saint John and Saint Croix river valleys, then part of Nova Scotia, felt too far removed from the provincial government in Halifax, so London split off New Brunswick as a separate colony in 1784.


Premise: How many people celebrated Laulupidu in 2004?

Hypothesis: In 2004, about 100,000 people participated in the Song Festival.


Premise: What kind of agency is the FBI?

Hypothesis: Unlike the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), which has no law enforcement authority and is focused on intelligence collection overseas, FBI is primarily a domestic agency, maintaining 56 field offices in major cities throughout the United States, and more than 400 resident agencies in lesser cities and areas across the nation.


Premise: What part of China did the earthquake occur in?

Hypothesis: Swaminathan Krishnan, assistant professor of civil engineering and geophysics at the California Institute of Technology said: "the earthquake occurred in the rural part of China.


Premise: What was traditionally left out of the madrasah curriculum?

Hypothesis: During its formative period, the term madrasah referred to a higher education institution, whose curriculum initially included only the "religious sciences", whilst philosophy and the secular sciences were often excluded.


Premise: Identity refers to the capacity for self-reflection and awareness in what scientific study?

Hypothesis: Gender identity forms an important part of identity in psychology, as it dictates to a significant degree how one views oneself both as a person and in relation to other people, ideas and nature.


Premise: What school of thought serves as a model for canon theory?

Hypothesis: While the term "law" is never explicitly defined in the Code, the Catechism of the Catholic Church cites Aquinas in defining law as "...an ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgated by the one who is in charge of the community" and reformulates it as "...a rule of conduct enacted by competent authority for the sake of the common good."


Premise: In what year did The Times change its broadsheet format to a compact size?

Hypothesis: The Times was printed in broadsheet format for 219 years, but switched to compact size in 2004 in an attempt to appeal more to younger readers and commuters using public transport.


Premise: What amendment to the Brazilian constitution states that human rights treaties approved by means of a special procedure by Congress enjoy the same position as a constitutional amendment?

Hypothesis: Additionally, as per the 45th amendment to the constitution, human rights treaties which are approved by Congress by means of a special procedure enjoy the same hierarchical position as a constitutional amendment.


Premise: Hard Candy debuted at number one in how many countries?

Hypothesis: The album debuted at number one in thirty seven countries and on the Billboard 200.


Premise: What speech did he give?

Hypothesis: He gave the Gaudet Mater Ecclesia speech, which served as the opening address for the council.


Premise: What did writers of the Tanzimat period hope to accomplish with their publications?

Hypothesis: Many of the writers in the Tanzimat period wrote in several different genres simultaneously: for instance, the poet Namik Kemal also wrote the important 1876 novel İntibâh ("Awakening"), while the journalist İbrahim Şinasi is noted for writing, in 1860, the first modern Turkish play, the one-act comedy "Şair Evlenmesi" ("The Poet's Marriage").


Premise: What Act did Congress pass to outlaw non-consensual phone tapping?

Hypothesis: In the 1927 case Olmstead v. United States, in which a bootlegger was caught through telephone tapping, the United States Supreme Court ruled that FBI wiretaps did not violate the Fourth Amendment as unlawful search and seizure, as long as the FBI did not break into a person's home to complete the tapping.


Premise: What does Condoleeza Rice prefer to term people as?

Hypothesis: Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice (who was famously mistaken for a "recent American immigrant" by French President Nicolas Sarkozy), said "descendants of slaves did not get much of a head start, and I think you continue to see some of the effects of that.


Premise: Which bird is an example of being both a predator and defender in mobbing attacks?

Hypothesis: Crows are frequently mobbed by smaller songbirds as they prey on eggs and young from these birds' nests, but these same crows will cooperate with smaller birds to drive away hawks or larger mammalian predators.


Premise: What US president was in office when Paul VI visited America for the first time?

Hypothesis: Pope Paul VI became the first reigning pontiff ever to visit the Americas when he flew to New York in October 1965 to address the United Nations.


Premise: Who was fired from First Secretary position by Gorbachev?

Hypothesis: Thousands of Soviet troops were sent to the Fergana Valley, southeast of the Uzbek capital Tashkent, to re-establish order after clashes in which local Uzbeks hunted down members of the Meskhetian minority in several days of rioting between June 4–11, 1989; about 100 people were killed.


Premise: What was the first explorers name that came in contact with the natives?

Hypothesis: Another version says that it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs (Serra Springs), that were reminiscent of the tears that Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety.


Premise: Aside from beverages, what types of food do pubs typically offer?

Hypothesis: Most pubs offer a range of beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks.


Premise: What theme is common to Spielberg's films?

Hypothesis: Most of his films deal with ordinary characters searching for or coming in contact with extraordinary beings or finding themselves in extraordinary circumstances.


Premise: What percentage of the Richmond population of 2000 was Pacific Islander?

Hypothesis: The racial makeup of the city was 38.3% White, 57.2% African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.5% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races.


Premise: What must be welcomed in areas for the term do be perceived as complimentary?

Hypothesis: In other contexts the term does not necessarily have pejorative overtones and may even be complimentary when used, in areas where innovation is welcome, of ideas that are in fundamental disagreement with the status quo in any practice and branch of knowledge.


Premise: What does the binding set off that will result in something visibly obvious in various ways?

Hypothesis: This binding then sets off a chain of events that can be visibly obvious in various ways, dependent upon the test.


Premise: How many Oscars did Close Encounters win?

Hypothesis: One of the rare films both written and directed by Spielberg, Close Encounters was a critical and box office hit, giving Spielberg his first Best Director nomination from the Academy as well as earning six other Academy Awards nominations.


Premise: What year did he gain citizenship in France?

Hypothesis: In 1835 he obtained French citizenship.


Premise: Has a Welsh team ever won a competition?

Hypothesis: In the 2013–14 season the first Channel Island club entered the competition when Guernsey F.C. competed for the first time.


Premise: What other Slavic languages did the Cryptologic Spectrum conclude Tito spoke?

Hypothesis: The report also notes Draža Mihailović's impressions of Tito's Russian origins.


Premise: What is a significant early architectural canonical type?

Hypothesis: Some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture are religious.


Premise: Who was the chairman of the newly established committee?

Hypothesis: The committee, chaired by Vice President Richard Nixon, had minimal outcomes in that they imposed the contractors with the primary responsibility of desegregation within their own companies and corporations.:51


Premise: According to historian Roy Porter, what was the Age of Enlightenment trying to capture?

Hypothesis: In 1783, Jewish philosopher Moses Mendelssohn referred to Enlightenment as a process by which man was educated in the use of reason.


Premise: What name refers to the period of instability during the rift between Tito and the USSR?

Hypothesis: The event was significant not only for Yugoslavia and Tito, but also for the global development of socialism, since it was the first major split between Communist states, casting doubt on Comintern's claims for socialism to be a unified force that would eventually control the whole world, as Tito became the first (and the only successful) socialist leader to defy Stalin's leadership in the COMINFORM.


Premise: Who first published the proverb about waking up early and going to bed early to be "healthy, wealthy, and wise"?

Hypothesis: During his time as an American envoy to France, Benjamin Franklin, publisher of the old English proverb, "Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise", anonymously published a letter suggesting that Parisians economize on candles by rising earlier to use morning sunlight.


Premise: What is a downfall of the Battery Charging Specification?

Hypothesis: The Battery Charging Specification requires that the physical ports themselves be capable of handling 5 A of current[citation needed] but limits the maximum current drawn to 1.5 A.


Premise: What is the meaning of dichotomous keys?

Hypothesis: The choice and sequence of the characters may be artificial in keys designed purely for identification (diagnostic keys) or more closely related to the natural or phyletic order of the taxa in synoptic keys.


Premise: How much water should be taken in for each calorie of food that is consumed?

Hypothesis: However the notion that a person should consume eight glasses of water per day cannot be traced to a credible scientific source.


Premise: Meninges separate what structure from the brain?

Hypothesis: The cells in the blood vessel walls are joined tightly to one another, forming the blood–brain barrier, which blocks the passage of many toxins and pathogens (though at the same time blocking antibodies and some drugs, thereby presenting special challenges in treatment of diseases of the brain).


Premise: Monody, the madrigal comedy, and intermedio are all precursors to what?

Hypothesis: The principal liturgical forms which endured throughout the entire Renaissance period were masses and motets, with some other developments towards the end, especially as composers of sacred music began to adopt secular forms (such as the madrigal) for their own designs.


Premise: Rather than tie up the high-bandwidth USB bus sending data to a slower USB device, what happens?

Hypothesis: Rather than tie up the high-bandwidth USB bus sending data to a slower USB device, the nearest high-bandwidth capable hub receives a SPLIT token followed by one or two USB packets at high bandwidth, performs the data transfer at full or low bandwidth, and provides the response at high bandwidth when prompted by a second SPLIT token.