Premise: What are probably the primary forces of nature which shaped human races?

Hypothesis: Forensic physical anthropologist and professor George W. Gill has said that the idea that race is only skin deep "is simply not true, as any experienced forensic anthropologist will affirm" and "Many morphological features tend to follow geographic boundaries coinciding often with climatic zones.


Premise: Which theater company was founded by several Northwestern alumni in 1988?

Hypothesis: Its umbrella organization—the Student Theatre Coalition, or StuCo, organizes nine student theatre companies, multiple performance groups and more than sixty independent productions each year.


Premise: What Roman construction material has continued to be a mystery to this day?

Hypothesis: Over time, Roman architecture was modified as their urban requirements changed, and the civil engineering and building construction technology became developed and refined.


Premise: What term came into use in Victorian times to designate the pub landlord?

Hypothesis: The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord.


Premise: What could the king do to nobles injured or taken during war?

Hypothesis: Finally, this privilege obliged the King to pay indemnities to nobles injured or taken captive during a war outside Polish borders.


Premise: In what medium does the Pourbaix diagram change when carbonate anions interact with uranium(VI)?

Hypothesis: The interactions of carbonate anions with uranium(VI) cause the Pourbaix diagram to change greatly when the medium is changed from water to a carbonate containing solution.


Premise: The salinity of what in the region was long recognized as a major problem?

Hypothesis: This greatly upset the balance of power within the region, weakening the areas where Sumerian was spoken, and comparatively strengthening those where Akkadian was the major language.


Premise: When did Digimon begin airing in America?

Hypothesis: The first Digimon television series, which began airing on March 7, 1999 in Japan on Fuji TV and Kids Station and on August 14, 1999 in the United States on Fox Kids dubbed by Saban Entertainment for the North American English version.


Premise: Which nationalities worked together in the Battle of Umm Qasr?

Hypothesis: Many insurgency leaders are Islamists and claim to be fighting a religious war to reestablish the Islamic Caliphate of centuries past.


Premise: In what year was the Richmond street grid first developed?

Hypothesis: Nearby neighborhoods include Shockoe Bottom, the historically significant and low-lying area between Shockoe Hill and Church Hill, and Monroe Ward, which contains the Jefferson Hotel.


Premise: How many Japanese forces were likely to be destroyed?

Hypothesis: The plan was likely to result in the destruction of one or more of the Japanese forces, but Toyoda justified it by saying that there would be no sense in saving the fleet and losing the Philippines.


Premise: Why do Oriental Patriarchs sign this way?

Hypothesis: Some writers, such as James-Charles Noonan, hold that, in the case of cardinals, the form used for signatures should be used also when referring to them in English.


Premise: In what month did Tucson get the most rain?

Hypothesis: The most snow received in one year was 8.3 in (21 cm) and the most snow in one month was 6.8 in (17 cm) in December 1971.


Premise: The segregation of science writing means that articles in those subjects primarily appear where?

Hypothesis: Now, science appears mostly in journals.


Premise: What type of weather does Seattle have in the winter months?

Hypothesis: Seattle experiences its heaviest rainfall during the months of November, December and January, receiving roughly half of its annual rainfall (by volume) during this period.


Premise: In what early technology was bitumen used?

Hypothesis: Bitumen was used in early photographic technology.


Premise: What do hydrides that are bridging ligands link up?

Hypothesis: In inorganic chemistry, hydrides can also serve as bridging ligands that link two metal centers in a coordination complex.


Premise: A Piccolo and trombones provides the illusion of storm and what in Beethoven's Sixth Symphony?

Hypothesis: The Ninth asks for a second pair of horns, for reasons similar to the "Eroica" (four horns has since become standard); Beethoven's use of piccolo, contrabassoon, trombones, and untuned percussion—plus chorus and vocal soloists—in his finale, are his earliest suggestion that the timbral boundaries of symphony should be expanded.


Premise: What did Govenor Bush Realize

Hypothesis: Three years later, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) announced it had chosen Florida for its newest expansion.


Premise: What battle is considered the US's first significant fight in the Korean War?

Hypothesis: The Battle of Osan, the first significant American engagement of the Korean War, involved the 540-soldier Task Force Smith, which was a small forward element of the 24th Infantry Division which had been flown in from Japan.


Premise: What percentage of NH grants in Missouri went to Washington University?

Hypothesis: Governmental agencies and non-profit foundations such as the NIH, United States Department of Defense, National Science Foundation, and NASA provide the majority of research grant funding, with Washington University being one of the top recipients in NIH grants from year-to-year.


Premise: What glass-like material is made with a method related to glazing?

Hypothesis: The earliest known glass objects, of the mid third millennium BCE, were beads, perhaps initially created as accidental by-products of metal-working (slags) or during the production of faience, a pre-glass vitreous material made by a process similar to glazing.


Premise: Who was featured in the movie "Skin"?

Hypothesis: She was the subject of the 2008 biographical dramatic film Skin, which won numerous awards.


Premise: What act was put in place during the Napoleonic wars and the war of 1812?

Hypothesis: The Embargo Act of 1807, adopted during the Napoleonic Wars, and the War of 1812 significantly curtailed Boston's harbor activity.


Premise: What college did BYU separate from to become its own entity?

Hypothesis: The suggestion received a large amount of opposition, with many members of the Board saying that the school wasn't large enough to be a university, but the decision ultimately passed.


Premise: How many peaks are over 4,000 feet in WV?

Hypothesis: In Pennsylvania, there are over sixty summits that rise over 2,500 ft (800 m); the summits of Mount Davis and Blue Knob rise over 3,000 ft (900 m).


Premise: What area had the largest Protestant population in 2010?

Hypothesis: In 2010, a total of more than 800 million included 300 million in Sub-Saharan Africa, 260 million in the Americas, 140 million in Asia-Pacific region, 100 million in Europe and 2 million in Middle East-North Africa.


Premise: To take a train to Southampton Airport, what railway station would you need to go through?

Hypothesis: It offers flights to UK and near European destinations, and is connected to the city by a frequent rail service from Southampton Airport (Parkway) railway station, and by bus services.


Premise: What was Frédéric's favorite environment to perform in?

Hypothesis: Chopin's music soon found success with publishers, and in 1833 he contracted with Maurice Schlesinger, who arranged for it to be published not only in France but, through his family connections, also in Germany and England.


Premise: In what month did Cao Cao die?

Hypothesis: By December his son Cao Pi (187–226 AD) had Emperor Xian relinquish the throne to him and is known posthumously as Emperor Wen of Wei.


Premise: What school of thought saw emotion as an impediment to virtue?

Hypothesis: In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue.


Premise: How old was Chopin when he began to perform for the public?

Hypothesis: It quickly became apparent that he was a child prodigy.


Premise: When did Julian become Augustus?

Hypothesis: Julian became Augustus in 361 and actively but vainly fostered a religious and cultural pluralism, attempting a restitution of non-Christian practices and rights.


Premise: Why is being a charity beneficial to Eton?

Hypothesis: As a charity, it benefits from substantial tax breaks.


Premise: What was very important to the polish nobility?

Hypothesis: Its heraldic system evolved together with its neighbours in Central Europe, while differing in many ways from the heraldry of other European countries.


Premise: How were the work oppurtunies for parents during this time period?

Hypothesis: Due to poor employment opportunities for many parents, sending their children to work on farms and in factories was a way to help feed and support the family.


Premise: How long does the identification process take?

Hypothesis: While the microorgainsim is being identified the doctor will usually administer the best choice of antibiotic that will be most active against the likely cause of infection usually a broad spectrum antibiotic.


Premise: The atomic bomb was a part of which movement?

Hypothesis: Though the process had begun with the invention of the cyclotron by Ernest O. Lawrence in the 1930s, physics in the postwar period entered into a phase of what historians have called "Big Science", requiring massive machines, budgets, and laboratories in order to test their theories and move into new frontiers.


Premise: What uses a model of the sound's generator?

Hypothesis: Other types of lossy compressors, such as the linear predictive coding (LPC) used with speech, are source-based coders.


Premise: Over what span of time have the rules for written Dutch become less complicated?

Hypothesis: In the spoken language cases and case inflections had already gradually disappeared from a much earlier date on (probably the 15th century) as in many continental West Germanic dialects.


Premise: What other location does the Canada First Defence Strategy Cover?

Hypothesis: Based on that strategy, the Canadian military is oriented and being equipped to carry out six core missions within Canada, in North America and globally.


Premise: What year did a change in DST policy cost North America somewhere between $500 million and $1 billion in extra work?

Hypothesis: Although it has been argued that clock shifts correlate with decreased economic efficiency, and that in 2000 the daylight-saving effect implied an estimated one-day loss of $31 billion on US stock exchanges, the estimated numbers depend on the methodology.


Premise: Why did Gaddis Smith believe John Kerry led Yale's Political Union Liberal Party?

Hypothesis: Yale historian Gaddis Smith notes "an ethos of organized activity" at Yale during the 20th century that led John Kerry to lead the Yale Political Union's Liberal Party, George Pataki the Conservative Party, and Joseph Lieberman to manage the Yale Daily News.


Premise: On what occasions are š and ž replaced with sh and zh?

Hypothesis: Where it is very impractical or impossible to type š and ž, they are substituted with sh and zh in some written texts, although this is considered incorrect.


Premise: What areas experience periodic flooding from rapid snowmelt and runoff?

Hypothesis: The areas that are not arid and receive high precipitation experience periodic flooding from rapid snowmelt and runoff.


Premise: What group does the inverse of gN include?

Hypothesis: This definition is motivated by the idea (itself an instance of general structural considerations outlined above) that the map G → G / N that associates to any element g its coset gN be a group homomorphism, or by general abstract considerations called universal properties.


Premise: What did Alan Blumlein event?

Hypothesis: EMI cut the first stereo test discs using the system in 1933 (see Bell Labs Stereo Experiments of 1933) although the system was not exploited commercially until much later.


Premise: What civil war did Nasser become entangled in?

Hypothesis: Following Egypt's defeat by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War, Nasser resigned, but he returned to office after popular demonstrations called for his reinstatement.


Premise: When did the developer preview expire?

Hypothesis: Originally set to expire on March 11, 2012, in February 2012 the Developer Preview's expiry date was changed to January 15, 2013.


Premise: Paperback of the Year award from Bestsellers magazine was awarded when?

Hypothesis: It also won the Brotherhood Award of the National Conference of Christians and Jews in the same year, and the Paperback of the Year award from Bestsellers magazine in 1962.


Premise: Who was defeated at the Battle of the Wabash?

Hypothesis: After the war, though, the Continental Army was quickly given land certificates and disbanded in a reflection of the republican distrust of standing armies.


Premise: How many Muslim nations require women to cover their legs, shoulders, or whole body?

Hypothesis: Some Muslims oppose this charge, and instead declare that the media in these countries presses on women to reveal too much in order to be deemed attractive, and that this is itself sexist and oppressive.


Premise: John XXIII continued the gradual reform of what?

Hypothesis: In response to the directives of the Second Vatican Council, later editions of the Roman Missal present the 1970 form of the Roman Rite.


Premise: How many segments make up an insects abdomen?

Hypothesis: The abdomen is the largest tagma of the insect, which typically consists of 11–12 segments and is less strongly sclerotized than the head or thorax.


Premise: What year did Pop Idol make its television debut?

Hypothesis: American Idol was based on the British show Pop Idol created by Simon Fuller, which was in turn inspired by the New Zealand television singing competition Popstars.


Premise: How many main systems of Hindu philosophy are there?

Hypothesis: The mainstream Hindu philosophy includes six systems (ṣaḍdarśana) –


Premise: Up to how many former slaves began fighting with for the Union after the Emancipation Proclamation?

Hypothesis: Thus, Tennessee was not among the states enumerated in the Proclamation, and the Proclamation did not free any slaves there.


Premise: How did George H. W. Bush describe Harvard's reputation?

Hypothesis: When challenged on the distinction between Dukakis's Harvard connection and his own Yale background, he said that, unlike Harvard, Yale's reputation was "so diffuse, there isn't a symbol, I don't think, in the Yale situation, any symbolism in it" and said Yale did not share Harvard's reputation for "liberalism and elitism".


Premise: What did the female descendants of Argos have to accomplish ?

Hypothesis: These Cilicians seem to have been called Dananiyim, the same word as Danaoi who attacked Egypt in 1191 BC along with the Quaouash (or Weshesh) who may be Achaeans.


Premise: Krispy kreme is a chain of what kind of stores?

Hypothesis: Krispy Kreme, an international chain of doughnut stores, was started in North Carolina; the company's headquarters are in Winston-Salem.


Premise: What did church authorities gain as a result of this edict?

Hypothesis: One of the outcomes of this blurring of Church and state was the sharing of state powers of legal enforcement with church authorities.


Premise: A surge in hormone production triggers a number of physical changes during what stage of life?

Hypothesis: The male and female gonads are subsequently activated, which puts them into a state of rapid growth and development; the triggered gonads now commence the mass production of the necessary chemicals.


Premise: The extent of what by the perpetrators was considered in an examination of their activity and level of control?

Hypothesis: While this factor alone will not indicate whether the targeted group is substantial, it can—in combination with other factors—inform the analysis."


Premise: Which cities are called Stadtstaaten, other than Bremen?

Hypothesis: Since today's Germany was formed from an earlier collection of several states, it has a federal constitution, and the constituent states retain a measure of sovereignty.


Premise: How much of the person is needed to fully engage in a ecumenical dialogue according to Paul VI?

Hypothesis: But the Catholic Church itself recognized from the many previous ecumenical encounters, that much needed to be done within, to be an open partner for ecumenism.


Premise: What does the massed snow in Antarctica produce?

Hypothesis: Precipitation is low (most of Antarctica is a desert) and almost always in the form of snow, which accumulates and forms a giant ice sheet which covers the land.


Premise: Where is the Detroit Zoo?

Hypothesis: Other sites of interest are the Detroit Zoo in Royal Oak, the Cranbrook Art Museum in Bloomfield Hills, the Anna Scripps Whitcomb Conservatory on Belle Isle, and Walter P. Chrysler Museum in Auburn Hills.


Premise: Westminster Abbey was the third highest place of learning after which two places?

Hypothesis: Until the 19th century, Westminster was the third seat of learning in England, after Oxford and Cambridge.


Premise: What beans are used to make falafel?

Hypothesis: Fried onions can be also added to koshari.


Premise: What does the local water ways regulate in the Seattle area?

Hypothesis: Despite being on the margin of the rain shadow of the Olympic Mountains, the city has a reputation for frequent rain.


Premise: In what century did the Roman Empire achieve its greatest extent?

Hypothesis: Military expenses increased steadily during the 3rd century, mainly in response to the war with Sassanid Persia, which revived in the middle of the 3rd century.


Premise: What is the name of the componds that has more than one alcohol functional group?

Hypothesis: Polyols, compounds containing more than one alcohol functional group, generally interact with cupric salts.


Premise: What is thought of as a basic perceptual coding technique?

Hypothesis: LPC may be thought of as a basic perceptual coding technique: reconstruction of an audio signal using a linear predictor shapes the coder's quantization noise into the spectrum of the target signal, partially masking it.


Premise: What position did J. H. Thomas hold?

Hypothesis: One of the few stirs arose when the Canadian Prime Minister, R. B. Bennett, considered the Duke for Governor General of Canada in 1931—a proposal that King George V rejected on the advice of the Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs, J. H. Thomas.


Premise: What populations is the individual closely related to?

Hypothesis: The data indicate that the individual was from a population directly ancestral to present South American and Central American Native American populations, and closely related to present North American Native American populations.


Premise: Who says Russian has 6 vowels?

Hypothesis: (The hard consonants are often velarized, especially before front vowels, as in Irish).


Premise: When did Beyonce leave Destiny's Child and become a solo singer?

Hypothesis: Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child, and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group Destiny's Child.


Premise: What is this cultural movement called that involves a shift in gender relations mainly involving women?

Hypothesis: Social conflict and the development of technologies can produce changes within a society by altering social dynamics and promoting new cultural models, and spurring or enabling generative action.


Premise: How does the manufacturing process differ between heavyweight and normal vinyl?

Hypothesis: Manufacturing processes are identical regardless of weight.


Premise: Which direction does the M6 motorway run?

Hypothesis: The M58 crosses the southernmost part of the county from the M6 near Wigan to Liverpool via Skelmersdale.


Premise: How many performers are in the Tucson Folk Festival?

Hypothesis: Organized by the Tucson Kitchen Musicians Association, volunteers make this festival possible.


Premise: What branch of the military did Kerry join?

Hypothesis: Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968–1969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat.


Premise: How was the ship carrying a predominant deity moved around during the jubilee?

Hypothesis: Aboard the ship would the marriage of a man and woman be consummated as a fertility ritual.


Premise: What nullified patent claims of EDVAC designers?

Hypothesis: The paper, whose premature distribution nullified the patent claims of EDVAC designers J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, described a computer architecture in which the data and the program are both stored in the computer's memory in the same address space.


Premise: Who assumed control of the island after the death of James II?

Hypothesis: Venice formally annexed the Kingdom of Cyprus in 1489, following the abdication of Catherine.


Premise: In what year was the death penalty suspended in the US?

Hypothesis: In this case, the court found that the death penalty was being imposed in an unconstitutional manner, on the grounds of cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution.


Premise: When was South Tucson reincorporated?

Hypothesis: It was first incorporated in 1936, and later reincorporated in 1940.


Premise: Which parts of Turkey are characterized by a Mediterranean climate?

Hypothesis: Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area.


Premise: What is the attendant who has a large fan base called?

Hypothesis: One of the torch attendants, dubbed "Second Right Brother," has developed a significant online fan-base, particularly among China's female netizens.


Premise: Pyometra usually affects what type of female dog?

Hypothesis: Two serious medical conditions particularly affecting dogs are pyometra, affecting unspayed females of all types and ages, and bloat, which affects the larger breeds or deep-chested dogs.


Premise: What are the three names stated in Frédéric's letter that he had shown interest and curiosity in?

Hypothesis: You would not believe how curious I was about Herz, Liszt, Hiller, etc."


Premise: Who are Oklahoma's US Senators?

Hypothesis: In the 112th Congress, Oklahoma's U.S. senators were Republicans Jim Inhofe and Tom Coburn, and its U.S. Representatives were John Sullivan (R-OK-1), Dan Boren (D-OK-2), Frank D. Lucas (R-OK-3), Tom Cole (R-OK-4), and James Lankford (R-OK-5).


Premise: When did Barry Weiss become CEO of RCA/Jive?

Hypothesis: Weiss had been the RCA/Jive Label Group CEO since 2008 and was head of Jive Records since 1991.


Premise: When was Fort Lowell shut down?

Hypothesis: The sanitarium was then sold to Harvey Adkins in 1928.


Premise: In 2011 Liberia's economy was considered what?

Hypothesis: Following a peak in growth in 1979, the Liberian economy began a steady decline due to economic mismanagement following the 1980 coup.


Premise: In what decades did class distinctions break down in Britain?

Hypothesis: Later, the public bars gradually improved until sometimes almost the only difference was in the prices, so that customers could choose between economy and exclusivity (or youth and age, or a jukebox or dartboard).[citation needed]


Premise: How many guarantees will most databases tolerate?

Hypothesis: For that reason many NoSQL databases are using what is called eventual consistency to provide both availability and partition tolerance guarantees with a reduced level of data consistency.


Premise: How many French troops were involved in the crossing of the Rhine?

Hypothesis: On 25 September, after great secrecy and feverish marching, 200,000 French troops began to cross the Rhine on a front of 260 km (160 mi).


Premise: What is the name of the Royal Polytechnic Institution now?

Hypothesis: In Ireland the term institute of technology is the more favored synonym of a regional technical college though the latter is the legally correct term; however, Dublin Institute of Technology is a university in all but name as it can confer degrees in accordance with law, Cork Institute of Technology and another of other Institutes of Technology have delegated authority from HETAC to make awards to and including master's degree level—


Premise: What were the group of Yale professors and ministers attempting to achieve?

Hypothesis: A group of professors at Yale and New Haven Congregationalist ministers articulated a conservative response to the changes brought about by the Victorian culture.


Premise: Who did Diadochi plan to marry?

Hypothesis: The first of the Diadochi wars broke out when Perdiccas planned to marry Alexander's sister Cleopatra and began to question Antigonus I Monophthalmus' leadership in Asia Minor.


Premise: The Mir Osman Ali Khan had a title, what was it?

Hypothesis: In 2012, the government of India declared Hyderabad the first "Best heritage city of India".


Premise: What is the temperature on Neptune's clouds that are at 50 bars?

Hypothesis: Deeper clouds of water ice should be found at pressures of about 50 bars (5.0 MPa), where the temperature reaches 273 K (0 °C).


Premise: How long was he in prison at Lepoglava for?

Hypothesis: During his five years at Lepoglava prison he met Moša Pijade, who became his ideological mentor.


Premise: How long did Louis the Pious reign?

Hypothesis: Charlemagne planned to continue the Frankish tradition of dividing his kingdom between all his heirs, but was unable to do so as only one son, Louis the Pious (r. 814–840), was still alive by 813.


Premise: Which musician accompanied Donald Byrd on several albums?

Hypothesis: Hooker, among other important blues musicians migrated from his home in Mississippi bringing the Delta blues to northern cities like Detroit.


Premise: Approximately how many Alsace and Lorraine men were forced into the German army during World War II?

Hypothesis: Alsace-Lorraine was occupied by Germany in 1940 during the Second World War.


Premise: Fachhochschulen favor an education in what, as opposed to research?

Hypothesis: They grant bachelor's degrees and master's degrees, and focus more on teaching than research and more on specific professions than on science.


Premise: How many Somerset soldiers were killed in WW1

Hypothesis: War memorials were put up in most of the county's towns and villages; only nine, described as the Thankful Villages, had none of their residents killed.


Premise: What is the major difficulty faced in using poultry to cultivate vaccines?

Hypothesis: Millions of eggs are used each year to generate the annual flu vaccine requirements, a complex process that takes about six months after the decision is made as to what strains of virus to include in the new vaccine.


Premise: At what age did Chopin start playing publicly?

Hypothesis: Fryderyk may have had some piano instruction from his mother, but his first professional music tutor, from 1816 to 1821, was the Czech pianist Wojciech Żywny.


Premise: What does it do in place of an income tax system?

Hypothesis: It has one of the highest consumption taxes in the world and taxes all imports in lieu of an income tax system.


Premise: Who is the head of men's basketball at KU?

Hypothesis: The KU men's basketball team has fielded a team every year since 1898.


Premise: Who recommended the role for Hudon?

Hypothesis: Other alumni have gone on to work in television and films, the most notable being Jennifer Hudson who, on the recommendation of the Idol vocal coach Debra Byrd, won a role in Dreamgirls and subsequently received an Academy Award for her performance.


Premise: How many victims were killed in the attack on the Pentagon?

Hypothesis: Lieutenant General Timothy Maude was the highest-ranking military official killed at the Pentagon, and the most senior U.S. Army officer killed by foreign action since the death of Lieutenant General Simon B. Buckner, Jr. on June 18, 1945, in the Battle of Okinawa during World War II.


Premise: What color did Iraq War protesters paint the A?

Hypothesis: However, at the beginning of the Iraq War, anti-war activists painted it black.


Premise: How long has Nanjing been considered the education hub of southern China?

Hypothesis: It boasts some of the most prominent educational institutions in the region, some of which are listed as follows:


Premise: When did a Close Encounters DVD come out?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, the re-release was a moderate success, while the 2001 DVD release of the film restored the original ending.


Premise: What is a contagious disease a subset of?

Hypothesis: However, this specialized connotation of the word "contagious" and "contagious disease" (easy transmissibility) is not always respected in popular use.


Premise: What other component was needed to detect the first current of a non-radio signal?

Hypothesis: In 1957, Braunstein further demonstrated that the rudimentary devices could be used for non-radio communication across a short distance.


Premise: How much land did the Desert Land Act allot?

Hypothesis: This act brought mostly cattle and sheep ranchers into Montana, many of whom grazed their herds on the Montana prairie for three years, did little to irrigate the land and then abandoned it without paying the final fees.


Premise: Laypersons can perform good actions, producing what?

Hypothesis: Laypersons can perform good actions, producing merit.


Premise: What is the density of Boston's population?

Hypothesis: The city is the third most densely populated large U.S. city of over half a million residents.


Premise: Where were most of the nations who had the strongest military after World War I?

Hypothesis: I the prospect of another major war seemed remote, particularly in Europe where the most militarily capable nations were, and little financing was available.


Premise: What is the name of the footballer who refused to be a part of the relay?

Hypothesis: Indian national football captain, Baichung Bhutia refused to take part in the Indian leg of the torch relay, citing concerns over Tibet.


Premise: Métal hurlant was of what genre?

Hypothesis: Frustration with censorship and editorial interference led to a group of Pilote cartoonists to found the adults-only L'Écho des savanes in 1972.


Premise: In 1872 the island contained how many Muslims?

Hypothesis: By 1872, the population of the island had risen to 144,000, comprising 44,000 Muslims and 100,000 Christians.


Premise: What changes did Microsoft make to its certification requirements in March 2013?

Hypothesis: In March 2013, Microsoft also amended its certification requirements to allow tablets to use the 1024×768 resolution as a minimum; this change is expected to allow the production of certified Windows 8 tablets in smaller form factors—a market which is currently dominated by Android-based tablets.


Premise: Which city did Baden, Württemberg-Baden, and Württemberg-Hohenzollern merge into?

Hypothesis: In 1952, following a referendum, Baden, Württemberg-Baden, and Württemberg-Hohenzollern merged into Baden-Württemberg.


Premise: What is considered to be the most authoritative constitutional power?

Hypothesis: The most powerful constitutional power was imperium.


Premise: Why is lime often added to glass?

Hypothesis: The soda makes the glass water-soluble, which is usually undesirable, so lime (calcium oxide [CaO], generally obtained from limestone), some magnesium oxide (MgO) and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) are added to provide for a better chemical durability.


Premise: What fraction of Kathmandu's population died in an ancient earthquake?

Hypothesis: There was also a devastating earthquake which claimed the lives of a third of Kathmandu's population, including the king Abhaya Malla.


Premise: What moves through the arteries?

Hypothesis: Blood moves through the arteries, which undergo vasoconstriction, and into arterioles which act as a transportation system to distribute primarily oxygen as well as nutrients to all tissues of the body.


Premise: What is the foundation for federalist paper no. 39?

Hypothesis: For example, James Madison (author of the US Constitution) wrote in Federalist Paper No.


Premise: Cladistics can limit and skew what?

Hypothesis: This is claimed to limit and skew interpretations, obscure other lineage relationships, deemphasize the impact of more immediate clinal environmental factors on genomic diversity, and can cloud our understanding of the true patterns of affinity.


Premise: Who was the last to choose the name John?

Hypothesis: Roncalli gave the first of his many surprises when he chose "John" as his regnal name.


Premise: When did Balfour last hold the titles of prime minister and Chancellor of the Exchequer?

Hypothesis: The prime minister sits in the cabinet solely by virtue of occupying another office, either First Lord of the Treasury (office in commission), or more rarely Chancellor of the Exchequer (the last of whom was Balfour in 1905).


Premise: Until the mid 1900s most elevators lacked what?

Hypothesis: In the first half of the twentieth century, almost all elevators had no automatic positioning of the floor on which the cab would stop.


Premise: What are thick alloys made in layers called?

Hypothesis: These are known as bulk metallic glasses (BMG).


Premise: Is there a metabolism in endospores?

Hypothesis: In this dormant state, these organisms may remain viable for millions of years, and endospores even allow bacteria to survive exposure to the vacuum and radiation in space.


Premise: What did Raghuram Rajan speak of?

Hypothesis: Not surprisingly, the Austrian economic school regarded the crisis as a vindication and classic example of a predictable credit-fueled bubble that could not forestall the disregarded but inevitable effect of an artificial, manufactured laxity in monetary supply, a perspective that even former Fed Chair Alan Greenspan in Congressional testimony confessed himself forced to return to.


Premise: How much of Pakistan's sugar does Punjab manufacture?

Hypothesis: Despite the lack of a coastline, Punjab is the most industrialised province of Pakistan; its manufacturing industries produce textiles, sports goods, heavy machinery, electrical appliances, surgical instruments, vehicles, auto parts, metals, sugar mill plants, aircraft, cement, agricultural machinery, bicycles and rickshaws, floor coverings, and processed foods.


Premise: Charleston Harbor is formed on what ocean?

Hypothesis: Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area.


Premise: How many copies did Graduation sell in its first week of release?

Hypothesis: Upon their September 2007 releases, Graduation outsold Curtis by a large margin, debuting at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart and selling 957,000 copies in its first week.


Premise: What year did the Enlightenment begin according to French historians?

Hypothesis: French historians traditionally place the Enlightenment between 1715, the year that Louis XIV died, and 1789, the beginning of the French Revolution.


Premise: What percentage of American students report that they currently eat the recommended servings of fruits and vegetables?

Hypothesis: Currently, less than 10% of American college students report that they eat the recommended five servings of fruit and vegetables daily.


Premise: Which artist released a music video and three audio tracks on CD-V in 1989?

Hypothesis: The original 1989 release of David Bowie's retrospective Sound + Vision CD box set prominently featured a CD-V video of Ashes to Ashes, and standalone promo CD-Vs featured the video, plus three audio tracks: "John, I'm Only Dancing", "Changes", and "The Supermen".


Premise: How much was home equity valued in the United States in mid-2008?

Hypothesis: There is a direct relationship between declines in wealth and declines in consumption and business investment, which along with government spending, represent the economic engine.


Premise: Who was an opponent of separation of powers?

Hypothesis: During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it.


Premise: How much did JPMorgan estimate was the average recovery rate for mezzanine CDOs that had been liquidated?

Hypothesis: Banks estimated that $450bn of CDO were sold between "late 2005 to the middle of 2007"; among the $102bn of those that had been liquidated, JPMorgan estimated that the average recovery rate for "high quality" CDOs was approximately 32 cents on the dollar, while the recovery rate for mezzanine CDO was approximately five cents for every dollar.


Premise: In millions, about how many global Somali speakers are there?

Hypothesis: One source estimates that there are 7.78 million speakers of Somali in Somalia itself and 12.65 million speakers globally.


Premise: The tallest mountain in the Pindus range is what?

Hypothesis: Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains or hills, making the country one of the most mountainous in Europe.


Premise: When did the numbers of free people of color increase dramatically?

Hypothesis: After the American Revolutionary War, the number and proportion of free people of color increased markedly in the North and the South as slaves were freed.


Premise: What was the criticism of Humanism made by conservatives of the time?

Hypothesis: After the French Revolution, the idea that human virtue could be created by human reason alone independently from traditional religious institutions, attributed by opponents of the Revolution to Enlightenment philosophes such as Rousseau, was violently attacked by influential religious and political conservatives, such as Edmund Burke and Joseph de Maistre, as a deification or idolatry of humanity.


Premise: Dogs have hunted with and done other things for people for a long time, but what is a more recent help to people they provide?

Hypothesis: In some cultures, however, dogs are also a source of meat.


Premise: What is the coldest recorded temperature?

Hypothesis: The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), though the average for the third quarter (the coldest part of the year) is −63 °C (−81 °F).


Premise: Which famous artist warned other artists not to use verdigris?

Hypothesis: Leonardo da Vinci, in his treatise on painting, warned artists not to use it.


Premise: What movement occurred during the 1730's and 1740's?

Hypothesis: Pulling away from ritual, ceremony, sacramentalism and hierarchy, it made Christianity intensely personal to the average person by fostering a deep sense of spiritual conviction and redemption, and by encouraging introspection and a commitment to a new standard of personal morality.


Premise: What was the final destination of the drugs going through Guinea-Bissau?

Hypothesis: The government and the military have done little to stop drug trafficking, which increased after the 2012 coup d'état.


Premise: Who writes the formal Norman French formula on passed acts?

Hypothesis: Independently of the method used to signify royal assent, it is the responsibility of the Clerk of the Parliaments, once the assent has been duly notified to both houses, not only to endorse the act in the name of the monarch with the formal Norman French formula, but to certify that assent has been granted.


Premise: What are the leading exports in Israel?

Hypothesis: Despite limited natural resources, intensive development of the agricultural and industrial sectors over the past decades has made Israel largely self-sufficient in food production, apart from grains and beef.


Premise: Who is the mother of Kanye's first child?

Hypothesis: In June 2013, West and television personality Kim Kardashian announced the birth of their first child, North.


Premise: On what date was a state funeral held for Napoleon?

Hypothesis: In 1840, Louis Philippe I obtained permission from the British to return Napoleon's remains to France.


Premise: What year was the turning point for Germany in the Nation Brands Index?

Hypothesis: Since the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the internal and external evaluation of Germany's national image has changed.


Premise: What is the Olympic Torch made from?

Hypothesis: The Torch is designed in reference to the traditional Chinese concept of the 5 elements that make up the entire universe.


Premise: What Bohemian movement was influenced by Wycliffe?

Hypothesis: Lollardy in England and Hussitism in Bohemia.


Premise: What ethnicity was his father?

Hypothesis: In response to an advertisement for an acting position, as a young man he said, "I am not white


Premise: In what year did Plymouth twin with Plymouth in the United States?

Hypothesis: San Sebastián, Spain (1990) and Plymouth, United States (2001).


Premise: Which president was forced to flee?

Hypothesis: At the same time, the state liberals and conservatives compromised to allow the popular Ángel Trías take the governorship; by this time the French forces had taken control over the central portions of the country and were making preparations to invade the northern states.


Premise: Who was the season two winner of American Idol?

Hypothesis: In an interview prior to season five, executive producer Nigel Lythgoe indicated that Aiken had led the fan voting from the wildcard week onward until the finale.


Premise: Which one of Kanye's albums won The Pitchfork's Album of the Decade (so far) award?

Hypothesis: The Pitchfork online music publication ranked My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy as the world's best album of the decade "so far"—between 2010 and 2014—on August 19, 2014, while Yeezus was ranked in the eighth position of a list of 100 albums.


Premise: Landside, where can filming take place?

Hypothesis: Most airports welcome filming on site, although it must be agreed in advance and may be subject to a fee.


Premise: How many peaks are over 4,000 feet in WV?

Hypothesis: In West Virginia, more than 150 peaks rise above 4,000 ft (1,200 m), including Spruce Knob 4,863 ft (1,482 m), the highest point in the Allegheny Mountains.


Premise: Who was the ruler of the underworld in ancient Egypt?

Hypothesis: For the ancient Egyptians, green had very positive associations.


Premise: As what type of ruler did Constantine unite the empire and church?

Hypothesis: Constantine united the empire as an absolute head of state, and on his death, he was honored as a Christian, Imperial, and "divus".


Premise: What is used a main source of light for a building during the day?

Hypothesis: Daylighting (using windows, skylights, or light shelves) is sometimes used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings.


Premise: What is the second largest library in France?

Hypothesis: The Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire (BNU) is, with its collection of more than 3,000,000 titles, the second largest library in France after the Bibliothèque nationale de France.


Premise: How much of the country does dam water supply the rest of the country with?

Hypothesis: The advantage of using groundwater sources is that even isolated communities and those economic activities located far from good surface water sources such as mining, agriculture, and tourism can be supplied from groundwater over nearly 80% of the country.


Premise: In which direction were the buildings built by the Greeks and Chinese facing?

Hypothesis: Sunlight has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history.


Premise: What did the exclusionary rule provide for?

Hypothesis: In turn, the exclusionary rule spawned a family of judge-made remedies for the abuse of law enforcement powers, of which the most famous is the Miranda warning.


Premise: Ducks, geese, swans and screamers are part of which group?

Hypothesis: The Aves are agreed to have evolved in the Cretaceous, and the split between the Galloanseri from other Neognathes occurred before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, but there are different opinions about whether the radiation of the remaining Neognathes occurred before or after the extinction of the other dinosaurs.


Premise: What comprises a major category in the world art collection?

Hypothesis: Because too many artists were posing as Native Americans and Alaska Natives in order to profit from the caché of Indigenous art in the United States, the U.S. passed the Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990, requiring artists to prove that they are enrolled in a state or federally recognized tribe.


Premise: Under what circumstances are Oppidan Scholarships awarded?

Hypothesis: Oppidan scholarships may also be awarded for consistently performing with distinction in School and external examinations.


Premise: Who is the leader of Arab League?

Hypothesis: This position is currently held by former foreign minister Nabil el-Araby.


Premise: This new style was an attempt to give what different feel to design?

Hypothesis: The Works in Architecture illustrated the main buildings the Adam brothers had worked on and crucially documented the interiors, furniture and fittings, designed by the Adams.


Premise: The military was not allowed to use anything that was bigger than what?

Hypothesis: The army was forbidden from considering anything larger than .50-inch.


Premise: What initiative was launched in Melbourne in February 2010 as an effort to transition human society towards sustainability?

Hypothesis: It was subject to controversy and strict regulations among fears that beaches and marine wildlife could be affected by the disturbance of heavy metals and other industrial sediments.


Premise: What did the first measles prevent in it's first 20 years?

Hypothesis: The United States incidences of rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, measles, and mumps all fell by >95% in the immediate aftermath of widespread vaccination.


Premise: Where was the last sea battle of the Korean War?

Hypothesis: Because neither Korea had a significant navy, the Korean War featured few naval battles.


Premise: What does "Begraafplaats van de Neger" mean?

Hypothesis: Later American English spellings, neger and neggar, prevailed in a northern colony, New York under the Dutch, and in metropolitan Philadelphia's Moravian and Pennsylvania Dutch communities; the African Burial Ground in New York City originally was known by the Dutch name "Begraafplaats van de Neger"


Premise: Which publication said the 2009 defence budget was more than 10% overbudget?

Hypothesis: The Defence Committee—Third Report "Defence Equipment 2009" cites an article from the Financial Times website stating that the Chief of Defence Materiel, General Sir Kevin O’Donoghue, had instructed staff within Defence Equipment and Support (DE&S) through an internal memorandum to reprioritize the approvals process to focus on supporting current operations over the next three years; deterrence related programmes; those that reflect defence obligations both contractual or international; and those where production contracts are already signed.


Premise: Where is the FA cup held today?

Hypothesis: In 2003 the FA took the decision to permanently use the new Wembley for semi-finals to recoup debts in financing the new stadium.


Premise: What enterprise did Beyonce and her mother start on March 5, 2010?

Hypothesis: On March 5, 2010, Beyoncé and her mother Tina opened the Beyoncé Cosmetology Center at the Brooklyn Phoenix House, offering a seven-month cosmetology training course for men and women.


Premise: The agreement between the Nazis and the Soviets split what countries up?

Hypothesis: In addition to stipulations of non-aggression, the treaty included a secret protocol that divided territories of Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland into German and Soviet "spheres of influence", anticipating potential "territorial and political rearrangements" of these countries.


Premise: Mandarin and Huizhou dialects are spoken on the border where?

Hypothesis: Most inhabitants of Zhejiang speak Wu, but the Wu dialects are very diverse, especially in the south, where one valley may speak a dialect completely unintelligible to the next valley a few kilometers away.


Premise: What is another name for the double-axe?

Hypothesis: The double-axe, labrys, was the holy symbol of the Cretan labyrinth.


Premise: When was Mac's Xserve server discontinued?

Hypothesis: Its current lineup comprises three desktops (the all-in-one iMac, entry-level Mac mini, and the Mac Pro tower graphics workstation), and four laptops (the MacBook, MacBook Air, MacBook Pro, and MacBook Pro with Retina display).


Premise: What is the ratio between muscle and fat among post-pubertal boys?

Hypothesis: The ratio between muscle and fat among post-pubertal boys is around three to one, while for girls it is about five to four.


Premise: In what year was The Invisible Man made?

Hypothesis: Among them are Frankenstein (1931), Dracula ( also in 1931), The Mummy (1932) and The Invisible Man (1933).


Premise: What town was the Bodhi Tree in?

Hypothesis: Now, as the Buddha, he spent the rest of his life teaching the path of awakening he had discovered, traveling throughout the northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent, and died at the age of 80 (483 BCE) in Kushinagar, India.


Premise: When did the Sands Atlantic City close permanently?

Hypothesis: The biggest disappointment was when MGM Resorts International announced that it would pull out of all development for Atlantic City, effectively ending their plans for the MGM Grand Atlantic City.


Premise: What type of degree is an M.Div.?

Hypothesis: Most of the departments from the College of Arts and Letters offer PhD programs, while a professional Master of Divinity (M.Div.)


Premise: 3MBS and ABC Classic FM play what type of music?

Hypothesis: A long list of AM and FM radio stations broadcast to greater Melbourne.


Premise: When did the Iranian Medes first unify an empire in the area?

Hypothesis: Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Proto-Elamite and Elamite kingdoms in 3200–2800 BC.


Premise: After what year was the Legio VIII Augusta permanently stationed in Argentoratum?

Hypothesis: Other Roman legions temporarily stationed in Argentoratum were the Legio XIV Gemina and the Legio XXI Rapax, the latter during the reign of Nero.


Premise: What year did Mali gain independence as the Mali Federation?

Hypothesis: French Sudan (then known as the Sudanese Republic) joined with Senegal in 1959, achieving independence in 1960 as the Mali Federation.


Premise: Where did the School of Law rank in  2015 by the U.S. News & World Reports?

Hypothesis: For the 2015 edition, the School of Law is ranked 18th and the Olin Business School is ranked 19th.


Premise: How many tonnes of Patagonian toothfish were illegally fished in 2000?

Hypothesis: The illegal fishing of toothfish has been increasing, with estimates of 32,000 tonnes (35,300 short tons) in 2000.


Premise: What humanitarian effort followed the 2002 military operation in the Philippines?

Hypothesis: In January 2002, the United States Special Operations Command, Pacific deployed to the Philippines to advise and assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines in combating Filipino Islamist groups.


Premise: What promoted hatred of Jews because of their descent?

Hypothesis: In the 19th and (before the end of World War II) 20th centuries, the Roman Catholic Church adhered to a distinction between "good antisemitism" and "bad antisemitism".


Premise: Who thought that Melbourne saw Victoria as if she was his daughter?

Hypothesis: At the time of her accession, the government was led by the Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne, who at once became a powerful influence on the politically inexperienced Queen, who relied on him for advice.


Premise: What percentage of Samoa's population is Mormon?

Hypothesis: Samoans' religious adherence includes the following: Christian Congregational Church of Samoa 31.8%, Roman Catholic 19.4%, Methodist 15.2%, Assembly of God 13.7%, Mormon 7.6%, Seventh-day Adventist 3.9%, Worship Centre 1.7%, other Christian 5.5%, other 0.7%, none 0.1%, unspecified 0.1% (2011 estimate).


Premise: When did the Second Great Awakening lose momentum?

Hypothesis: It was past its peak by the late 1840s.


Premise: How many members does the UGLE have?

Hypothesis: The largest single jurisdiction, in terms of membership, is the United Grand Lodge of England (with a membership estimated at around a quarter million).


Premise: What important revolutionary document was signed in Philadelphia?

Hypothesis: The city hosted the First Continental Congress before the American Revolutionary War; the Second Continental Congress, which signed the United States Declaration of Independence, during the war; and the Constitutional Convention (1787) after the war.


Premise: What are The New York Times' views on Yale's labor tension?

Hypothesis: There have been at least eight strikes since 1968, and The New York Times wrote that Yale has a reputation as having the worst record of labor tension of any university in the U.S. Yale's unusually large endowment exacerbates the tension over wages.


Premise: Who did Jesus say were his "brother, and sister, and mother?"

Hypothesis: And looking at those who sat in a circle around him, Jesus said, 'These are my mother and my brothers.


Premise: In what year did Rosenberg exhibit Cubist works at  Galerie de l’Effort Moderne?

Hypothesis: In 1918 Rosenberg presented a series of Cubist exhibitions at his Galerie de l’Effort Moderne in Paris.


Premise: Who is pictured on the stupa's base?

Hypothesis: At the northern entrance where visitors must pass is a shrine dedicated to Ajima, the goddess of smallpox.


Premise: In what US state did a rural area use videoconferencing to help reduce the number of transfers of sick infants to hospitals?

Hypothesis: For example, a rural medical center in Ohio, United States, used videoconferencing to successfully cut the number of transfers of sick infants to a hospital 70 miles (110 km) away.


Premise: A past society would be an other culture separated by what temporal aspect?

Hypothesis: Some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of "other cultures", both in terms of time (past societies) and space (non-European/non-Western societies).


Premise: What three free Slavic states were in the world as of 1878?

Hypothesis: As of 1878, there were only three free Slavic states in the world: the Russian Empire, Serbia and Montenegro.


Premise: What is its rank in popularion?

Hypothesis: Montana has several nicknames, although none official, including "Big Sky Country" and "The Treasure State", and slogans that include "Land of the Shining Mountains" and more recently "The Last Best Place".


Premise: Which film beat 'Saving Private Ryan' worldwide?

Hypothesis: The film was a huge box office success, grossing over $481 million worldwide and was the biggest film of the year at the North American box office (worldwide it made second place after Michael Bay's Armageddon).


Premise: What organization would the Organization of African Unity later become?

Hypothesis: That same year, Barre also served as chairman of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), the predecessor of the African Union (AU).


Premise: What is an important Old English religious poem?

Hypothesis: Still, poetry is considered the heart of Old English literature.


Premise: What frames Midtown Raleigh?

Hypothesis: Midtown Raleigh is a residential and commercial area just North of the I-440 Beltline and is part of North Raleigh.


Premise: After the Great Fire of 1835, what became the most widespread building materials?

Hypothesis: Stone and brick became the city's building materials of choice after the construction of wood-frame houses was limited in the aftermath of the Great Fire of 1835.


Premise: In what type of sea did typical Proterozoic geology come to be?

Hypothesis: In contrast to the deep-water deposits of the Archean, the Proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas; furthermore, many of these rocks are less metamorphosed than Archean-age ones, and plenty are unaltered.


Premise: Who gave Chopin money in the last years of his life?

Hypothesis: In his last years, he was financially supported by his admirer Jane Stirling, who also arranged for him to visit Scotland in 1848.


Premise: During what period did the Doian culture thrive?

Hypothesis: During the Stone age, the Doian culture and the Hargeisan culture flourished here with their respective industries and factories.


Premise: In 2001, what organization accused UNFPA of sharing office space with Chinese family planning officials?

Hypothesis: A 2001 study conducted by the pro-life Population Research Institute (PRI) falsely claimed that the UNFPA shared an office with the Chinese family planning officials who were carrying out forced abortions.


Premise: What arts were the Qing emperors good at?

Hypothesis: The Qing emperors were generally adept at poetry and often skilled in painting, and offered their patronage to Confucian culture.


Premise: What was the literacy rate in Liberia in 2010?

Hypothesis: In some areas primary and secondary education is free and compulsory from the ages of 6 to 16, though enforcement of attendance is lax.


Premise: Where did Victoria usually spend Christmases?

Hypothesis: Following a custom she maintained throughout her widowhood, Victoria spent the Christmas of 1900 at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight.


Premise: What was the population of Greater New Haven in 2010?

Hypothesis: New Haven (local /nuː ˈheɪvən/, noo-HAY-vən), in the U.S. state of Connecticut, is the principal municipality in Greater New Haven, which had a total population of 862,477 in 2010.


Premise: The pebble mosaics found at Tiyns are from what age?

Hypothesis: Pliny the Elder mentions the artist Sosus of Pergamon by name, describing his mosaics of the food left on a floor after a feast and of a group of doves drinking from a bowl.


Premise: How many miles of roads are unpaved on Cyprus?

Hypothesis: Of the 10,663 km (6,626 mi) of roads in the Republic of Cyprus in 1998, 6,249 km (3,883 mi) were paved, and 4,414 km (2,743 mi) were unpaved.


Premise: Who did the Ottomans lose to at the Battle of Nezib?

Hypothesis: Muhammad Ali of Egypt was not happy about lack of his control and power in Syria, he resumed military actions.


Premise: What was divided into governance, administration, defense, law and  order?

Hypothesis: Mantranga, the principal governing body of these states, consisted of the King, Prime Minister, Commander in chief of army, Chief Priest of the King.


Premise: What two examples of ideas from Immanuel Velikovsky are stated as to have gained some acceptance?

Hypothesis: While the details of his work are in scientific disrepute, the concept of catastrophic change (extinction event and punctuated equilibrium) has gained acceptance in recent decades.


Premise: Where was the Dome of the Rock built?

Hypothesis: The second major event of the early reign of Abd al-Malik was the construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.


Premise: What style of music did Haydn and Mozart share?

Hypothesis: The music of Haydn and Mozart, with their Viennese Classical styles, are usually regarded as being the most in line with the Enlightenment ideals.


Premise: What is wrestling to people during a peaceful time?

Hypothesis: The characters and storylines portrayed by a successful promotion are seen to reflect the current mood, attitudes, and concerns of that promotion's society (and can, in turn, influence those same things).


Premise: Evidence suggests that receptors on B cells may do what?

Hypothesis: There is also some evidence that cell surface receptors on B cells and macrophages may detect sex hormones in the system.


Premise: Another for of corruption is what?

Hypothesis: A similar problem of corruption arises in any institution that depends on financial support from people who have interests that may conflict with the primary purpose of the institution.


Premise: What language are the inscriptions on the mosaic at Huldah?

Hypothesis: Its mosaic floor contains typical Jewish symbols (menorah, lulav, etrog) but the inscriptions are Greek.


Premise: What kind of reasons do their findings show?

Hypothesis: In the days following the disaster, an international reconnaissance team of engineers was dispatched to the region to make a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings.


Premise: What was one requirement issue with discs popular in Britain?

Hypothesis: By 1910 the 10-inch (25.4 cm) record was by far the most popular standard, holding about three minutes of music or other entertainment on a side.


Premise: What might the rapid diffusion of coating metal into tin solder leave in the surface coating?

Hypothesis: Another coating consideration is rapid diffusion of coating metal into Tin solder.


Premise: How many catholic schools are in Paris?

Hypothesis: Like the rest of France, Paris has been predominantly Roman Catholic since the early Middle Ages, though religious attendance is now low.


Premise: What causes the directionality of DNA strands?

Hypothesis: Due to the chemical composition of the pentose residues of the bases, DNA strands have directionality.


Premise: Does a beech tree usually have thin or thick sapwood?

Hypothesis: Thin sapwood is characteristic of such species as chestnut, black locust, mulberry, osage-orange, and sassafras, while in maple, ash, hickory, hackberry, beech, and pine, thick sapwood is the rule.


Premise: What was the total bounty offered for Captian Every after England heard that the Ganj-i-Sawai was  taken

Hypothesis: When the news arrived in England it caused an outcry.


Premise: Along with Benihana and Burger King, what chain restaurant is headquartered in Miami?

Hypothesis: Miami is also the home of restaurant chains such as Burger King, Tony Roma's and Benihana.


Premise: Who co-wrote the coronation song?

Hypothesis: This is the first season in which the winner failed to achieve gold album status, and none from that season achieved platinum album status in the U.S.[citation needed]


Premise: Who is a projecting Lady Chapel dedicated to?

Hypothesis: It is often square ended or has a projecting Lady Chapel, dedicated to the Virgin Mary.


Premise: What is done to high frequency  sounds to lessen sound issues?

Hypothesis: During recording the amplitude of low frequencies is reduced, thus reducing the groove width required, and the amplitude at high frequencies is increased.


Premise: What is a re-introduction scheme?

Hypothesis: After a trial with Canada geese Branta canadensis, microlight aircraft were used in the US to teach safe migration routes to reintroduced whooping cranes Grus americana.


Premise: Music from what two decades is notably featured on the soft AC format?

Hypothesis: Soft AC includes a larger amount of older music, especially classic R&B, soul, and 1960s and 1970s music, than hot AC.


Premise: What underworld god possess Rajasthanis?

Hypothesis: The good spirits include murdered royalty, the underworld god Bhaironji, and Muslim saints.


Premise: Puritans are described by Gourley as what?

Hypothesis: They became known as "Puritans" and are described by Gourley as cousins of the English Separatists.


Premise: From what centuries does  the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum have collections?

Hypothesis: The Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum, established in 1881, is one of the oldest teaching museums in the country.


Premise: Any amendment in the Canadian constitution that needs to be modified, needs to do what first?

Hypothesis: Any amendment to the Canadian constitution that would modify the role of the monarchy would require unanimous consent of the provinces.


Premise: Why do humans hunt?

Hypothesis: The species that are hunted are referred to as game or prey and are usually mammals and birds.


Premise: Who was Tito considered loyal to?

Hypothesis: In the first post war years Tito was widely considered a communist leader very loyal to Moscow, indeed, he was often viewed as second only to Stalin in the Eastern Bloc.


Premise: What nowdays electrification systems can use?

Hypothesis: These motors may either be DC motors which directly use the DC or they may be 3-phase AC motors which require further conversion of the DC to 3-phase AC (using power electronics).


Premise: Where did Carl Menger and Friedrich von Wieser influence Hayek?

Hypothesis: Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the recommendation of Wieser as a specialist for the Austrian government working on the legal and economic details of the Treaty of Saint Germain.


Premise: What percentage of Jews reside in the U.S.?

Hypothesis: According to a report published in 2014, about 43% of all Jews reside in Israel (6.1 million), and 40% in the United States (5.7 million), with most of the remainder living in Europe (1.4 million) and Canada (0.4 million).


Premise: What is the first step that leads to a software failure?

Hypothesis: A defect can turn into a failure when the environment is changed.


Premise: What magazine revealed the details of Schwarzenegger's childhood punishments in 2004?

Hypothesis: Many of the children I've seen were broken by their parents, which was the German-Austrian mentality.


Premise: Under what name were those lectures later published?

Hypothesis: This is not to say that Whitehead's thought was widely accepted or even well-understood.


Premise: About what percentage of Kathmandu's annual rainfall falls during the monsoon months?

Hypothesis: Rainfall is mostly monsoon-based (about 65% of the total concentrated during the monsoon months of June to August), and decreases substantially (100 to 200 cm (39 to 79 in)) from eastern Nepal to western Nepal.


Premise: When the Ottoman forces were busy, who did Greece invade?

Hypothesis: Greece, an Orthodox nation, had considerable support in Russia, but the Russian government decided it was too dangerous to help Greece expand its holdings.:32–40


Premise: Who was the first president of the American Psychological Association?

Hypothesis: " Hall, who was the first president of the American Psychological Association, viewed adolescence primarily as a time of internal turmoil and upheaval (sturm und drang).


Premise: What famous singer made claims of racism after Jennifer Hudson was eliminated from American Idol?

Hypothesis: Elton John, who was one of the mentors that season, called the results of the votes "incredibly racist".


Premise: The common bit rate on the internet is 128 kbit/s using which compression ratio?

Hypothesis: As Internet bandwidth availability and hard drive sizes have increased, higher bit rates up to 320 kbit/s are widespread.


Premise: How many people on average watched the American Idol finale in its first season?

Hypothesis: The first show drew 9.9 million viewers, giving Fox the best viewing figure for the 8.30 pm spot in over a year.


Premise: Prepaid cards for Microsoft Points are available in what denominations?

Hypothesis: Microsoft Points can be obtained through prepaid cards in 1,600 and 4,000-point denominations.


Premise: How were important documents and money transported throughout the store?

Hypothesis: Wanamakers was the first department store to offer fixed prices marked on every article and also introduced electrical illumination (1878), the telephone (1879), and the use of pneumatic tubes to transport cash and documents (1880) to the department store business.


Premise: Who was Victorias private secretary during the years following her accident at Windsor?

Hypothesis: On the day after the first anniversary of Brown's death, Victoria was informed by telegram that her youngest son, Leopold, had died in Cannes.


Premise: Who created LD Jukeboxes in 1985?

Hypothesis: In the early 1980s, Philips produced a LaserDisc player model adapted for a computer interface, dubbed "professional".


Premise: How many plebeian families had an identical standing as the old aristocratic patrician families?

Hypothesis: However, the plight of the average plebeian had not changed.


Premise: Are the effects of serotonin limited to the limbic system?

Hypothesis: The effect of serotonin is not limited to the limbic system: Several serotonin receptors have their gene expression change dramatically during adolescence, particularly in the human frontal and prefrontal cortex .


Premise: For what events was the torch relay decided to not be held?

Hypothesis: In June 2008, the Beijing Games' Organizing Committee announced that the planned international torch relay for the Paralympic Games had been cancelled.


Premise: Who accused H&M of using products made by child labours?

Hypothesis: It is also suspected that many of their raw materials originates from Uzbekistan, where children aged 10 are forced to work in the fields.


Premise: On which side of the soverign does the Clerk of the Crown stand?

Hypothesis: The Clerk of the Crown, standing on the sovereign's right, then read aloud the titles of the bills (in earlier times, the entire text of the bills).


Premise: What is the lowest street number seen in the Bronx?

Hypothesis: This dates from the mid-19th century when the southwestern area of Westchester County west of the Bronx River, was incorporated into New York City and known as the Northside.


Premise: What is the other definition of the term dialect?

Hypothesis: In this sense, unlike in the first usage, the standard language would not itself be considered a "dialect," as it is the dominant language in a particular state or region, whether in terms of social or political status, official status, predominance or prevalence, or all of the above.


Premise: What Toronto building was built in 1817?

Hypothesis: The Grange, for example, a manor built in Toronto, was built in 1817.


Premise: What year did Isfahan gain victory over Hamadan?

Hypothesis: War meanwhile continued between the rulers of Isfahan and Hamadãn; in 1024 the former captured Hamadan and its towns, expelling the Tajik mercenaries.


Premise: What naming convention is accepted by all indigenous groups?

Hypothesis: Other naming conventions have been proposed and used, but none are accepted by all indigenous groups.


Premise: If growth continues as it has, what religion will be the largest in the world by 2050?

Hypothesis: According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.


Premise: What do girls of the village get in comparison the the young male event ?

Hypothesis: Girls have ear-piercing ceremonies (နားသ) at the same time.


Premise: What does SWAPO stand for?

Hypothesis: It recognised the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) as the official representative of the Namibian people in 1973.


Premise: What agreement does Tuvalu advocate ratification?

Hypothesis: Their chief negotiator stated, "Tuvalu is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to climate change and our future rests on the outcome of this meeting."


Premise: In what month was Perfect Harmony's Off-Brodway debut?

Hypothesis: Perfect Harmony features the hit music of The Jackson 5, Pat Benatar, Billy Idol, Marvin Gaye, Scandal, Tiffany, The Romantics, The Pretenders, The Temptations, The Contours, The Commodores, Tommy James & the Shondells and The Partridge Family, and has been compared to a cross between Altar Boyz and The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee.


Premise: What happens when a name is defective or misleading?

Hypothesis: In cases where the name is seriously defective and misleading, or has a serious typographical error, a formal alias may be defined, and applications are encouraged to use the formal alias in place of the official character name.


Premise: Who was Hawking's co-author?

Hypothesis: Following a biological comparative approach, he concludes that it is highly probable that God exists, and, although not visible, it is possible that we know some of his attributes.


Premise: When Gaddafi's family moved to Sabha, describe his educational experiences in secondary school.

Hypothesis: From Sirte, he and his family moved to the market town of Sabha in Fezzan, south-central Libya, where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done.


Premise: What does the "mixture" heading mean?

Hypothesis: The 2000 U.S. Census in the write-in response category had a code listing which standardizes the placement of various write-in responses for automatic placement within the framework of the U.S. Census's enumerated races.


Premise: Who wrote the 'War Horse' book?

Hypothesis: The film, based on the novel of the same name written by Michael Morpurgo and published in 1982, follows the long friendship between a British boy and his horse Joey before and during World War I – the novel was also adapted into a hit play in London which is still running there, as well as on Broadway.


Premise: What did Kanye change the title of his next planned album from So Help Me God to?

Hypothesis: The publication added that "he's letting his music speak for and prove itself."


Premise: What do wrestlers have to say about the realness or fakeness of the matches?

Hypothesis: Fan communications by individual wrestlers and promotions through outside media (i.e., interviews) will often directly acknowledge the fictional nature of the spectacle.


Premise: How could a wrestler win in the past?

Hypothesis: These matches are given a time limit; if not enough falls are scored by the end of the time limit, the match is declared a draw.


Premise: Who commanded the French troops on November 22?

Hypothesis: French troops commanded by French general Henri Gouraud entered triumphantly in the city on 22 November.


Premise: Through who did the masses have access to the divine?

Hypothesis: It was only through these intermediaries that the general masses had access to the divine.


Premise: In what way did von Neumann make spectacular contributions to measure theory?

Hypothesis: Thus, according to von Neumann, it is the change of group that makes a difference, not the change of space."


Premise: What company did Kanye West begin?

Hypothesis: He is the founder and head of the creative content company DONDA.


Premise: When was the UN General Assembly of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enacted?

Hypothesis: In 1966, the nation adopted the UN General Assembly of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.


Premise: When was the Gadsden Purchase?

Hypothesis: Arizona, south of the Gila River was legally bought from Mexico in the Gadsden Purchase on June 8, 1854.


Premise: Radar was supplemented by what in the 1980s?

Hypothesis: Initially sensors were optical and acoustic devices developed during the First World War and continued into the 1930s, but were quickly superseded by radar, which in turn was supplemented by optronics in the 1980s.


Premise: How is the energy stored by pumped-storage hydroelectricity recovered?

Hypothesis: The energy is recovered when demand is high by releasing the water, with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator.


Premise: What publication includes Christian AC with its format charts?

Hypothesis: Contemporary Christian music (CCM) has several subgenres, one being "Christian AC".


Premise: What award was The Wrestler nominated for?

Hypothesis: Several documentaries have been produced looking at professional wrestling, most notably, Beyond the Mat directed by Barry W. Blaustein, and Wrestling with Shadows featuring wrestler Bret Hart and directed by Paul Jay.


Premise: What was the amount of participation by women in religious observances?

Hypothesis: Some rituals specifically required the presence of women, but their active participation was limited.


Premise: What is the Taragaon Museum dedicated to?

Hypothesis: The Museum is within a short walk from the Boudhnath stupa, which itself can be seen from the Museum tower.


Premise: How many isotopes are there of copper?

Hypothesis: The other isotopes are radioactive, with the most stable being 67Cu with a half-life of 61.83 hours.


Premise: When did Mahayana sutras start to influence the behavior of mainstream buddhists in India?

Hypothesis: " These texts were apparently not universally accepted among Indian Buddhists when they appeared; the pejorative label Hinayana was applied by Mahayana supporters to those who rejected the Mahayana sutras.


Premise: What percentage of Spectre reviews did Rotten Tomatoes find to be in favor of the film?

Hypothesis: " On Metacritic, the film has a rating of 60 out of 100, based on 48 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


Premise: What is the dominant religion of North Africa?

Hypothesis: Although, especially since the 1960s, the Darijas are occupying an increasing use and influence in the cultural life of these countries.


Premise: What was the name of the painting used to represent raphael in St. Peter's?

Hypothesis: Raphael is represented by a mosaic replica of this last painting, the Transfiguration.


Premise: What loss started a decline of the Seleucids Empire?

Hypothesis: Although they still controlled a great deal of territory, this defeat marked the decline of their empire, as they were to begin facing increasingly aggressive subjects in the east (the Parthians) and the west (the Greeks).


Premise: What technology was used to show that dogs respond to voices in the same brain parts as people?

Hypothesis: The latest study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to humans and dogs together proved that dogs have same response to voices and use the same parts of the brain as humans to do so.


Premise: Which belief is expected to never try and visualize God?

Hypothesis: Thus, Muslims are not iconodules, and are not expected to visualize God.


Premise: What does the 5th Amendment protect against?

Hypothesis: The court held that "The prosecution may not use statements, whether exculpatory or inculpatory, stemming from questioning initiated by law enforcement officers after a person has been taken into custody or otherwise deprived of his freedom of action in any significant way, unless it demonstrates the use of procedural safeguards effective to secure the Fifth Amendment's privilege against self-incrimination"


Premise: What offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering?

Hypothesis: The Dharma offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering and the attainment of Nirvana.


Premise: Spanish songs Beyonce released were for what?

Hypothesis: While she almost exclusively releases English songs, Beyoncé recorded several Spanish songs for Irreemplazable (re-recordings of songs from B'Day for a Spanish-language audience), and the re-release of B'Day.


Premise: In what year did Egypt get a new constitution?

Hypothesis: In the new movement, Nasser attempted to incorporate more citizens, approved by local-level party committees, in order to solidify popular backing for his government.


Premise: Nintendo relied primarily on what for its support?

Hypothesis: Consoles from Nintendo's rivals in the post-SNES era had always enjoyed much stronger third-party support than Nintendo, which relied more heavily on first-party games.


Premise: Who maintains the Laws of the Game?

Hypothesis: The Laws of the Game are published by FIFA, but are maintained by the International Football Association Board (IFAB).


Premise: What is it called when someone belives that their own religion is an advancement of older religions?

Hypothesis: A pluralist typically believes that his religion is the right one, but does not deny the partial truth of other religions.


Premise: What alloy can no longer be used in HASL because of restrictions on the use of one of its metal components?

Hypothesis: This solder was a tin-lead alloy, however new solder compounds are now used to achieve compliance with the RoHS directive in the EU and US, which restricts the use of lead.


Premise: What is the range of accuracy for the licensed service used by Chinese government and military?

Hypothesis: The restricted military service has a location accuracy of 10 centimetres, can be used for communication, and will supply information about the system status to the user.


Premise: What specifies a particular trait with a different sequence of alleles?

Hypothesis: Each gene specifies a particular trait with different sequence of a gene (alleles) giving rise to different phenotypes.


Premise: Which two Amiibo figures reload Link's stock of arrows?

Hypothesis: Link and Toon Link replenish arrows, Zelda and Sheik restore Link's health, and Ganondorf causes Link to take twice as much damage.


Premise: What modifies can Coulomb's Law in a vacuum?

Hypothesis: As a result, QED vacuum contains vacuum fluctuations (virtual particles that hop into and out of existence), and a finite energy called vacuum energy.


Premise: Who publicly argued for changes limiting the ability of banks to engage in proprietary trading?

Hypothesis: In January 2010, Obama proposed additional regulations limiting the ability of banks to engage in proprietary trading.


Premise: What's one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world?

Hypothesis: At present the Alps are one of the more popular tourist destinations in the world with many resorts such Oberstdorf, in Bavaria, Saalbach in Austria, Davos in Switzerland, Chamonix in France, and Cortina d'Ampezzo in Italy recording more than a million annual visitors.


Premise: When were sensors initially developed?

Hypothesis: Command and control remained primitive until the late 1930s, when Britain created an integrated system for ADGB that linked the ground-based air defence of the army's AA Command, although field-deployed air defence relied on less sophisticated arrangements.


Premise: What gender does the majority of non-Belgian Dutch speakers use instead of the masculine and feminine?

Hypothesis: But for most non-Belgian speakers, the masculine and feminine genders have merged to form the common gender (de), while the neuter (het) remains distinct as before.


Premise: What culture was the boy from?

Hypothesis: A 2013 study in Nature reported that DNA found in the 24,000-year-old remains of a young boy from the archaeological Mal'ta-Buret' culture suggest that up to one-third of the indigenous Americans may have ancestry that can be traced back to western Eurasians, who may have "had a more north-easterly distribution 24,000 years ago than commonly thought".


Premise: When were the Winter Olympics held in Albertville, France?

Hypothesis: During World War II the winter games were canceled but after that time the Winter Games have been held in St. Moritz (1948), Cortina d'Ampezzo (1956), Innsbruck, Austria (1964 and 1976), Grenoble, France, (1968), Albertville, France, (1992), and Torino (2006).


Premise: How many uniformed services are there in the US?

Hypothesis: It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001.


Premise: Who was most critical of Nasser's rule?

Hypothesis: While Nasser was increasingly criticized by Egyptian intellectuals following the Six-Day War and his death in 1970, the general public was persistently sympathetic both during and after Nasser's life.


Premise: How did Alan Dershozitz describe the Sudan?

Hypothesis: Alan Dershowitz described Sudan as an example of a government that "actually deserve(s)" the appellation "apartheid."


Premise: In what year did von Neumann become commissioner of the AEC?

Hypothesis: Despite his disagreement with Oppenheimer over the need for a crash program to develop the hydrogen bomb, he testified on the latter's behalf at the 1954 Oppenheimer security hearing, at which he asserted that Oppenheimer was loyal, and praised him for his helpfulness once the program went ahead.


Premise: Along with Minneapolis, London and Birmingham, what city contains a notable population of Somalis?

Hypothesis: The purpose of these events is usually to raise money for new schools or universities in Somalia, to help Somalis that have suffered as a consequence of floods and/or droughts, or to gather funds for the creation of new mosques like the Abuubakar-As-Saddique Mosque, which is currently undergoing construction in the Twin cities.


Premise: Of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, how many were parties to the treaty?

Hypothesis: This long delay in support for the Convention by the world's most powerful nations caused the Convention to languish for over four decades.


Premise: What is the annual precipitation?

Hypothesis: Average annual precipitation is 15 inches (380 mm), but great variations are seen.


Premise: What kind of signs were removed form club Barcelona?

Hypothesis: All signs of regional nationalism, including language, flag and other signs of separatism were banned throughout Spain.


Premise: Who developed a situated perspective on emotion along with Andrea Scarantino?

Hypothesis: The situated perspective on emotion states that conceptual thought is not an inherent part of emotion, since emotion is an action-oriented form of skillful engagement with the world.


Premise: What were the lawmakers beginning to drown in?

Hypothesis: By 1879 one of the delegates to the California constitutional convention was already complaining: "Now, when we require them to state the reasons for a decision, we do not mean they shall write a hundred pages of detail.


Premise: In what year did the Brown Fellowship Society end?

Hypothesis: In 1790, they established the Brown Fellowship Society for mutual aid, initially as a burial society.


Premise: What would the Chinese use to continue Confucian values?

Hypothesis: Zeng Guofan, in alliance with Prince Gong, sponsored the rise of younger officials such as Li Hongzhang, who put the dynasty back on its feet financially and instituted the Self-Strengthening Movement.


Premise: Along with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, what state joined Russia to form the Soviet Union?

Hypothesis: Later treaty was included in the 1924 Soviet Constitution,[clarification needed] adopted on January 31, 1924 by the Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR.


Premise: What type of university is St Francis Xavier in Canada?

Hypothesis: In Canada, "college" generally refers to a two-year, non-degree-granting institution, while "university" connotes a four-year, degree-granting institution.


Premise: How many times has London hosted the Summer Olympic Games?

Hypothesis: London is one of the world's leading investment destinations, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city.


Premise: What is Melbourne's Koppen climate classification?

Hypothesis: Melbourne has a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) and is well known for its changeable weather conditions.


Premise: What judge declared Detroit bankrupt?

Hypothesis: In March 2013, Governor Rick Snyder declared a financial emergency in the city, stating that the city has a $327 million budget deficit and faces more than $14 billion in long-term debt.


Premise: Who placed the chapel's cornerstone?

Hypothesis: King Philip IV of Spain and the Duke of Arcos suggested the building of the new chapel, and in 1647 the Viceroy, Conde de Oropesa, who had been preserved from the bubonic plague, insisted on carrying out their project.


Premise: How many fraternities are located at Washington University?

Hypothesis: Washington University has over 300 undergraduate student organizations on campus.


Premise: When was the shooting?

Hypothesis: On 2 March 1882, Roderick Maclean, a disgruntled poet apparently offended by Victoria's refusal to accept one of his poems, shot at the Queen as her carriage left Windsor railway station.


Premise: Who provided the game obtained in feudal territory?

Hypothesis: Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen, but it was also expected to provide a form of recreation for the aristocracy.


Premise: What result did adding CX Noise Reduction have on analog discs?

Hypothesis: Later analog discs also applied CX Noise Reduction, which improved the signal-noise ratio of their audio.


Premise: What was Sega's competitor to the NES called in the US?

Hypothesis: The two platforms were later launched in North America in 1989 as the TurboGrafx-16 and the Genesis respectively.


Premise: How much did a student from outside of Kansas have to pay per course credit in 2014-15?

Hypothesis: For the 2014–15 academic year, tuition was $318 per credit hour for in-state freshman and $828 for out-of-state freshmen.


Premise: Under what circumstances do glaciers form?

Hypothesis: Glaciers form where the accumulation of snow and ice exceeds ablation.


Premise: What year did the Carnival start in Haiti?

Hypothesis: It starts in January, known as "Pre-Kanaval", while the main carnival activities begin in February.


Premise: How many Southampton residents were claiming job seeker's allowance in March, 2007?

Hypothesis: This compares with an average of 2.5 per cent for England as a whole.


Premise: What era produced a decline in the use of spells?

Hypothesis: Similar traditions existed throughout the empire, persisting until around the 7th century AD, well into the Christian era.


Premise: How many murders did Detroit have in 2014?

Hypothesis: Although the murder rate increased by 6% during the first half of 2015, it was surpassed by St Louis and Baltimore which saw much greater spikes in violence.


Premise: Who's Christology focuses on the death and Resurrection?

Hypothesis: For Paul, the crucifixion of Jesus is directly related to his resurrection and the term "the cross of Christ" used in Galatians 6:12 may be viewed as his abbreviation of the message of the gospels.


Premise: Who compiled the Kobylańska Catalogue?

Hypothesis: The present standard musicological reference for Chopin's works is the Kobylańska Catalogue (usually represented by the initials 'KK'), named for its compiler, the Polish musicologist Krystyna Kobylańska.


Premise: Maslenitsa is celebrated in what type of nation?

Hypothesis: However, the Philippines, a predominantly Roman Catholic country, does not celebrate Carnival anymore since the dissolution of the Manila Carnival after 1939, the last carnival in the country.


Premise: Why were the English clubs banned from European competition in the 1980's?

Hypothesis: The Football League First Division, which had been the top level of English football since 1888, was well behind leagues such as Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga in attendances and revenues, and several top English players had moved abroad.


Premise: What was Oklahoma's WNBA team renamed to when it moved?

Hypothesis: The state had a team in the Women's National Basketball Association, the Tulsa Shock, from 2010 through 2015, but the team relocated to Dallas–Fort Worth after that season and became the Dallas Wings.


Premise: Even if signed  and ratified on the same date, the treaty might have done what on different dates?

Hypothesis: The signatures of the parties' representatives follow at the very end.


Premise: In what year was the National Review founded?

Hypothesis: How easily we forget, but for weeks after the terror attacks, New York was America."


Premise: Where is Hokkien spoken?

Hypothesis: Besides Hokkien, there are also other Min and Hakka dialects in Fujian province, most of which are not mutually intelligible with Hokkien.


Premise: Which character is chastised in the book for marrying a black woman?

Hypothesis: For example, she refuses to wear frilly clothes, saying that Aunt Alexandra's "fanatical" attempts to place her in them made her feel "a pink cotton penitentiary closing in on [her]".


Premise: What Corps included 40,000 men from the 1st Marine Division?

Hypothesis: The X Corps, led by General Edward Almond, Commander, consisted of 40,000 men of the 1st Marine Division, the 7th Infantry Division and around 8,600 ROK Army soldiers.


Premise: What are cilia?

Hypothesis: However, the septa are often incomplete in annelids that are semi-sessile or that do not move by peristalsis or by movements of parapodia – for example some move by whipping movements of the body, some small marine species move by means of cilia (fine muscle-powered hairs) and some burrowers turn their pharynges (throats) inside out to penetrate the sea-floor and drag themselves into it.


Premise: What is done with the ashes of burned copies of the Quran?

Hypothesis: Worn-out copies of the Quran are wrapped in a cloth and stored indefinitely in a safe place, buried in a mosque or a Muslim cemetery, or burned and the ashes buried or scattered over water.


Premise: At what event at the Tokyo Game Show was the DualShock 3 first announced?

Hypothesis: At its press conference at the 2007 Tokyo Game Show, Sony announced DualShock 3 (trademarked DUALSHOCK 3), a PlayStation 3 controller with the same function and design as Sixaxis, but with vibration capability included.


Premise: What is the world's largest low latitude hot desert?

Hypothesis: The Sahara is the world's largest low-latitude hot desert.


Premise: What war is Southampton often associated with?

Hypothesis: Southampton is noted for its association with the RMS Titanic, the Spitfire and more generally in the World War II narrative as one of the departure points for D-Day, and more recently as the home port of a number of the largest cruise ships in the world.


Premise: The superior colliculus is related to what sensual control of vertebrates?

Hypothesis: The superior colliculus, which plays a major role in visual control of behavior in most vertebrates, shrinks to a small size in mammals, and many of its functions are taken over by visual areas of the cerebral cortex.


Premise: FighterCommand lost how many fighters?

Hypothesis: Over the next few days weather was poor and the next main effort would not be made until 15 September 1940.


Premise: When was the Armenian Reform package introduced?

Hypothesis: Armenian reform package (1914) was presented as a solution by appointing an inspector general over Armenian issues.


Premise: What is the density of Boston's population?

Hypothesis: In 2010, Boston was estimated to have 617,594 residents (a density of 12,200 persons/sq mile, or 4,700/km2) living in 272,481 housing units— a 5% population increase over 2000.


Premise: What role was Montini not perceived to fill unlike some of his fellow cardinals?

Hypothesis: Unlike the papabile cardinals Giacomo Lercaro of Bologna and Giuseppe Siri of Genoa, he was not identified with either the left or right, nor was he seen as a radical reformer.


Premise: Which state was West Berlin apart of?

Hypothesis: West Berlin was under the sovereignty of the Western Allies and neither a Western German state nor part of one.


Premise: In what year was Broz born?

Hypothesis: After spending part of his childhood years with his maternal grandfather Martin Javeršek in the Slovenian village of Podsreda, he entered primary school in 1900 at Kumrovec, he failed the 2nd grade and graduated in 1905.


Premise: What book by Andreas Vesalius was published in 1543?

Hypothesis: The Scientific Revolution is traditionally held by most historians to have begun in 1543, when the books De humani corporis fabrica (On the Workings of the Human Body) by Andreas Vesalius, and also De Revolutionibus, by the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus, were first printed.


Premise: Are there more males or females in Southampton?

Hypothesis: There are 119,500 males within the city and 117,400 females.


Premise: What Mexican president attended Yale?

Hypothesis: Among the best-known are U.S. Presidents William Howard Taft, Gerald Ford, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush; royals Crown Princess Victoria Bernadotte, Prince Rostislav Romanov and Prince Akiiki Hosea Nyabongo; heads of state, including Italian prime minister Mario Monti, Turkish prime minister Tansu Çiller, Mexican president Ernesto Zedillo, German president Karl Carstens, and Philippines president José Paciano Laurel; U.S. Supreme Court Justices Sonia Sotomayor, Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas; U.S. Secretaries of State John Kerry, Hillary Clinton, Cyrus Vance, and Dean Acheson; authors Sinclair Lewis, Stephen Vincent Benét, and Tom Wolfe; lexicographer Noah Webster; inventors Samuel F. B. Morse and Eli Whitney; patriot and "first spy" Nathan Hale; theologian Jonathan Edwards; actors, directors and producers Paul Newman, Henry Winkler, Vincent Price, Meryl Streep, Sigourney Weaver, Jodie Foster, Angela Bassett, Patricia Clarkson, Courtney Vance, Frances McDormand, Elia Kazan, George Roy Hill, Edward Norton, Lupita Nyong'o, Allison Williams, Oliver Stone, Sam Waterston, and Michael Cimino; "Father of American football" Walter Camp, James Franco, "The perfect oarsman" Rusty Wailes; baseball players Ron Darling, Bill Hutchinson, and Craig Breslow; basketball player Chris Dudley; football players Gary Fencik, and Calvin Hill; hockey players Chris Higgins and Mike Richter; figure skater Sarah Hughes; swimmer Don Schollander; skier Ryan Max Riley; runner Frank Shorter; composers Charles Ives, Douglas Moore and Cole Porter; Peace Corps founder Sargent Shriver; child psychologist Benjamin Spock; architects Eero Saarinen and Norman Foster; sculptor Richard Serra; film critic Gene Siskel; television commentators Dick Cavett and Anderson Cooper; New York Times journalist David Gonzalez; pundits William F. Buckley, Jr., and Fareed Zakaria; economists Irving Fischer, Mahbub ul Haq, and Paul Krugman; cyclotron inventor and Nobel laureate in Physics, Ernest Lawrence; Human Genome Project director Francis S. Collins; mathematician and chemist Josiah Willard Gibbs; and businesspeople, including Time Magazine co-founder Henry Luce, Morgan Stanley founder Harold Stanley, Boeing CEO James McNerney, FedEx founder Frederick W. Smith, Time Warner president Jeffrey Bewkes, Electronic Arts co-founder Bing Gordon, and investor/philanthropist Sir John Templeton; pioneer in electrical applications Austin Cornelius Dunham.


Premise: What was the Běidǒu constellation used for?

Hypothesis: It is named after the Big Dipper constellation, which is known in Chinese as Běidǒu.