Premise: How many verbs are in the third conjugation?

Hypothesis: The verbs of the second conjugation are fewer than 100, and it is not possible to create new ones, except by compounding.


Premise: What is the shortened version of the notification of assent?

Hypothesis: The Clerk of the Parliaments, an official of the House of Lords, traditionally states a formula in Anglo-Norman Law French, indicating the sovereign's decision.


Premise: Why is Bermuda considered an offshore financial center?

Hypothesis: The legal system is derived from that of the United Kingdom, with recourse to English courts of final appeal.


Premise: Who was the CEO of GE when it announced its Ecoimagination program?

Hypothesis: In May 2005, GE announced the launch of a program called "Ecomagination," intended, in the words of CEO Jeff Immelt "to develop tomorrow's solutions such as solar energy, hybrid locomotives, fuel cells, lower-emission aircraft engines, lighter and stronger durable materials, efficient lighting, and water purification technology".


Premise: What was Terminal 2 formerly called at the airport?

Hypothesis: The airport authority tripled the size of its Terminal 2 (formerly Terminal C) in January 2011.


Premise: What kind of relationship exists between a tree's properties and its wood's properties?

Hypothesis: The density of a wood correlates with its strength (mechanical properties).


Premise: What adjective did Choules use to describe the shops of Southampton's High Street?

Hypothesis: In his 1854 book "The Cruise of the Steam Yacht North Star" John Choules described Southampton thus: "I hardly know a town that can show a more beautiful Main Street than Southampton, except it be Oxford.


Premise: What group is the enemy of the protagonist?

Hypothesis: The story sees Bond pitted against the global criminal organisation Spectre, marking the group's first appearance in an Eon Productions film since 1971's Diamonds Are Forever,[N 2] and tying Craig's series of films together with an overarching storyline.


Premise: Why is cotton grown as an annual crop?

Hypothesis: Since cotton is somewhat salt and drought tolerant, this makes it an attractive crop for arid and semiarid regions.


Premise: What study did Merk sponsor in 1994?

Hypothesis: Endo was awarded the 2006 Japan Prize, and the Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award in 2008.


Premise: What do the decorative friezes on the buildings show?

Hypothesis: The architect, James Gamble Rogers, faux-aged these buildings by splashing the walls with acid, deliberately breaking their leaded glass windows and repairing them in the style of the Middle Ages, and creating niches for decorative statuary but leaving them empty to simulate loss or theft over the ages.


Premise: At least how many native Alaskan languages exist, according to the Alaska Native Language Center?

Hypothesis: Most of Alaska's native languages belong to either the Eskimo–Aleut or Na-Dene language families however some languages are thought to be isolates (e.g. Haida) or have not yet been classified (e.g. Tsimshianic).


Premise: What did the CD evolve from?

Hypothesis: The unified design of the compact disc allowed consumers to purchase any disc or player from any company, and allowed the CD to dominate the at-home music market unchallenged.


Premise: What is harvested for use as fertilizer?

Hypothesis: Guano (bird excrement) is harvested for use as a fertilizer.


Premise: What was the name of the US's Afghanistan operation?

Hypothesis: Musharraf agreed to give the U.S. the use of three airbases for Operation Enduring Freedom.


Premise: How many years of school do students attend after primary?

Hypothesis: The former leads to the Abitur exam after a further eight years and prepares for higher education, while the latter has a more vocational focus and finishes with exams after five or six years, comparable to the Hauptschule and Realschule found elsewhere in Germany.


Premise: Who claimed that the GSE never purchased subprime loans - a claim that is widely disputed?

Hypothesis: Although they concede that governmental policies had some role in causing the crisis, they contend that GSE loans performed better than loans securitized by private investment banks, and performed better than some loans originated by institutions that held loans in their own portfolios.


Premise: France was now in a desperate position, what did they do?

Hypothesis: Not only that France was so enraged, and terrified, by the sudden betrayal of its only ally.


Premise: What percent lower was Dell selling its notebooks in Taiwan?

Hypothesis: In the second instance, Dell offered its Latitude E4300 notebook at NT$18,558 (US$580), 70% lower than usual price of NT$60,900 (US$1900).


Premise: What was the name of the first single that Fantasia released after winning American Idol?

Hypothesis: Fantasia released as her coronation single "I Believe", a song co-written by season one finalist Tamyra Gray, and DeGarmo released "Dreams".


Premise: The Spartans made their last stand at what battle location?

Hypothesis: Attempts by some of the Greek city-states of Asia Minor to overthrow Persian rule failed, and Persia invaded the states of mainland Greece in 492 BC, but was forced to withdraw after a defeat at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC.


Premise: What dynasty captured most of central India?

Hypothesis: The subsequent Slave dynasty of Delhi managed to conquer large areas of northern India, while the Khilji dynasty conquered most of central India but were ultimately unsuccessful in conquering and uniting the subcontinent.


Premise: What is the name of the item used as a primitive type of map for navigation by early settlers of the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: Micronesians settled the Marshall Islands in the 2nd millennium BC, but there are no historical or oral records of that period.


Premise: What is a cause of once per revolution pitch variation?

Hypothesis: "wow" (once-per-revolution pitch variation) could result from warp, or from a spindle hole that was not precisely centered.


Premise: When was ClarisWorks reincorporated back into Apple?

Hypothesis: When Claris was reincorporated back into Apple in 1998, ClarisWorks was renamed AppleWorks beginning with version 5.0.


Premise: The 132nd Street Community Garden is located between Malcom X Boulevard and what other Boulevard?

Hypothesis: The 132nd Street Community Garden is located on 132nd Street between Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard and Malcolm X Boulevard.


Premise: What is considered the most important work of Islamic architecture?

Hypothesis: Perhaps the most important expression of Islamic art is architecture, particularly that of the mosque.


Premise: What agreement failed?

Hypothesis: Louis gave up his claim to the English throne and signed the Treaty of Lambeth.


Premise: How many groups are defined in the superclass?

Hypothesis: Many of the traditional appearance-based taxa have been shown to be paraphyletic, so rather than using ranks like subclass, superorder, and infraorder, it has proved better to use monophyletic groupings (in which the last common ancestor is a member of the group).


Premise: What molecular form is found in the interstellar medium?

Hypothesis: H+_3 is one of the most abundant ions in the Universe, and it plays a notable role in the chemistry of the interstellar medium.


Premise: Which party had gained control?

Hypothesis: The elections for the first regular legislature were disputed, and it was not until May 1, 1826, that the body was installed.


Premise: How many recordings did Kind Oliver's Creole Jazz band require?

Hypothesis: For example, when King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band, including Louis Armstrong on his first recordings, recorded 13 sides at Gennett Records in Richmond, Indiana, in 1923, one side was 2:09 and four sides were 2:52–2:59.


Premise: At the lowest level of the brain and spinal cord, are what areas?

Hypothesis: At a higher level are areas in the midbrain, such as the red nucleus, which is responsible for coordinating movements of the arms and legs.


Premise: Which film did Beyoncé star in 2001 with Mekhi Phifer?

Hypothesis: In early 2001, while Destiny's Child was completing their third album, Beyoncé landed a major role in the MTV made-for-television film, Carmen: A Hip Hopera, starring alongside American actor Mekhi Phifer.


Premise: Bell was gifted at art, poetry, and what?

Hypothesis: Bell was also deeply affected by his mother's gradual deafness, (she began to lose her hearing when he was 12) and learned a manual finger language so he could sit at her side and tap out silently the conversations swirling around the family parlour.


Premise: When was Montini's first meeting addressing the unification of Catholic lay followers?

Hypothesis: He presented them to Pius XII in Rome in 1951.


Premise: What kind of book is Hayy ibn Yaqdha?

Hypothesis: His philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdha, translated into Latin as Philosophus Autodidactus in 1671, developed the themes of empiricism, tabula rasa, nature versus nurture, condition of possibility, materialism, and Molyneux's problem.


Premise: How many kilometers of paved roads does Israel have?

Hypothesis: Israel has 5,715 buses on scheduled routes, operated by several carriers, the largest of which is Egged, serving most of the country.


Premise: As what during the time of the Roman empire  was rejection of the state religion viewed?

Hypothesis: In the wake of the Republic's collapse, state religion had adapted to support the new regime of the emperors.


Premise: What kind of climate does Punjab have?

Hypothesis: Despite past animosities, the rural masses in Punjab's farms continue to use the Hindu calendar for planting and harvesting.


Premise: What did Paul VI enact between the third and fourth ecumenical sessions?

Hypothesis: He opened the final session of the council, concelebrating with bishops from countries where the Church was persecuted.


Premise: What caused the revolution against the Qing dynasty?

Hypothesis: The last days of the Qing Dynasty were marked by civil unrest and foreign invasions.


Premise: How did the people of Boston react to the demolition of the West End?

Hypothesis: In 1958, BRA initiated a project to improve the historic West End neighborhood.


Premise: Why were the prince electors able to proclaim themselves King of Prussia?

Hypothesis: After the annexation of most of western Royal Prussia in the First Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772, eastern (ducal) Prussia was connected by land with the rest of the Prussian state and was reorganized as a province the following year (1773).


Premise: What type of creature was Banasur?

Hypothesis: After sometimes, a demon named Banasur closed the outlet and the valley was again a lake.


Premise: How many dates did Beyonce's "The Mrs. Carter Show" entail?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé embarked on The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour on April 15 in Belgrade, Serbia; the tour included 132 dates that ran through to March 2014.


Premise: What was one of the criticisms Bowers faced after editing Maggie?

Hypothesis: Bowers confronted a similar problem in his edition of Maggie.


Premise: Why was the campus police established?

Hypothesis: Later hired by the university, the officers were originally brought in to quell unrest between students and city residents and curb destructive student behavior.


Premise: How many years does a president have in office in St. Barts?

Hypothesis: The new status took effect on 15 July 2007, when the first territorial council was elected, according to the law.


Premise: How many people lived in Moncks Corner in 2000?

Hypothesis: The metropolitan statistical area also includes a separate and much smaller urban area within Berkeley County, Moncks Corner (with a 2000 population of 9,123).


Premise: What television station is operated by the French government?

Hypothesis: France 24 is a television news channel owned and operated by the French government, and is based in Paris.


Premise: What year was Albert Edward, Queen Victoria's first born son born?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, over the following seventeen years, she and Albert had a further eight children: Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (b. 1841), Alice (b. 1843), Alfred (b. 1844), Helena (b. 1846), Louise (b. 1848), Arthur (b. 1850), Leopold (b. 1853) and Beatrice (b. 1857).


Premise: Which two vernaculars hold relation to the official language?

Hypothesis: Burmese, the mother tongue of the Bamar and official language of Myanmar, is related to Tibetan and Chinese language.


Premise: What newspaper is published by Landmark Communications?

Hypothesis: RVA Magazine is the city's only independent art music and culture publication, was once monthly, but is now issued quarterly.


Premise: Why might Darwin have postponed publishing his theory of evolution for over 20 years?

Hypothesis: Darwin had his basic theory of natural selection "by which to work" by December 1838, yet almost twenty years later, when Wallace's letter arrived on 18 June 1858, Darwin was still not ready to publish his theory.


Premise: What company was a sponsor of the American Idol tour in its ninth season?

Hypothesis: Kellogg's Pop-Tarts was the sponsor for the first seven seasons, and Guitar Hero was added for the season seven tour.


Premise: The Saronic gulf is near what city?

Hypothesis: The Argo-Saronic Islands in the Saronic gulf near Athens, the Cyclades, a large but dense collection occupying the central part of the Aegean Sea, the North Aegean islands, a loose grouping off the west coast of Turkey, the Dodecanese, another loose collection in the southeast between Crete and Turkey, the Sporades, a small tight group off the coast of northeast Euboea, and the Ionian Islands, located to the west of the mainland in the Ionian Sea.


Premise: When were the various supplemental charters consolidated?

Hypothesis: It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV.


Premise: On what date did Francis Crick announce to an audience of pub-goers that he had discovered DNA?

Hypothesis: The Eagle in Cambridge is where Francis Crick interrupted patrons' lunchtime on 28 February 1953 to announce that he and James Watson had "discovered the secret of life" after they had come up with their proposal for the structure of DNA.


Premise: What did Victoria place to memorialize Disraeli?

Hypothesis: Between April 1877 and February 1878, she threatened five times to abdicate while pressuring Disraeli to act against Russia during the Russo-Turkish War, but her threats had no impact on the events or their conclusion with the Congress of Berlin.


Premise: What does the Research Triangle do?

Hypothesis: Raleigh is part of North Carolina's Research Triangle, one of the country's largest and most successful research parks, and a major center in the United States for high-tech and biotech research, as well as advanced textile development.


Premise: What was Calvin Veltman' findings?

Hypothesis: Although his study based itself upon a large 1976 sample from the Bureau of the Census (which has not been repeated), data from the 1990 Census tend to confirm the great Anglicization of the US Hispanic American origin population.


Premise: How many titles does the library have?

Hypothesis: It was founded by the German administration after the complete destruction of the previous municipal library in 1871 and holds the unique status of being simultaneously a students' and a national library.


Premise: How long is the training for Explosive Ordnance Disposal in the USAF?

Hypothesis: Officer technical training conducted by Second Air Force can also vary by AFSC, while flight training for aeronautically-rated officers conducted by AETC's Nineteenth Air Force can last well in excess of one year.


Premise: What museum has made several models of Beyoncé in wax?

Hypothesis: She was named "World's Most Beautiful Woman" by People and the "Hottest Female Singer of All Time" by Complex in 2012.


Premise: The State of Israel is divided into how many administrative districts?

Hypothesis: The State of Israel is divided into six main administrative districts, known as mehozot (מחוזות; singular: mahoz) – Center, Haifa, Jerusalem, North, Southern, and Tel Aviv Districts, as well as the Judea and Samaria Area in the West Bank.


Premise: Who heavy was the Helepolis siege tower?

Hypothesis: An unknown engineer developed the torsion-spring catapult (ca. 360) and Dionysios of Alexandria designed a repeating ballista, the Polybolos.


Premise: When was the centrality of the "separation" concept to the Religion Clauses of the Constitution made explicit?

Hypothesis: The centrality of the "separation" concept to the Religion Clauses of the Constitution was made explicit in Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 (1947), a case dealing with a New Jersey law that allowed government funds to pay for transportation of students to both public and Catholic schools.


Premise: What role did music play in the religious festivities?

Hypothesis: Before the arrival of the Spaniards and other Europeans, music was inseparable from religious festivities and included a large variety of percussion and wind instruments such as drums, flutes, sea snail shells (used as a trumpet) and "rain" tubes.


Premise: Which team displayed the Bond logo during the Mexican Grand Prix?

Hypothesis: After modifying the Jaguar C-X75 for the film, Williams F1 carried the 007 logo on their cars at the 2015 Mexican Grand Prix, with the team playing host to the cast and crew ahead of the Mexican premiere of the film.


Premise: Which side of the Cold War was Sadat?

Hypothesis: Sadat switched Egypt's Cold War allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States, expelling Soviet advisors in 1972.


Premise: Who was responsible for constructing the Jantar Mantar?

Hypothesis: Jantar Mantar located in Connaught Place was built by Maharaja Jai Singh II of Jaipur.


Premise: How many Jewish families are there in Swaziland?

Hypothesis: 83% of the total population adheres to Christianity, making it the most common religion in Swaziland.


Premise: What team beat Arsenal to win the 2006 UEFA Champions League?

Hypothesis: Arsenal were also the first London club to reach the final of the UEFA Champions League, in 2006, losing the final 2–1 to Barcelona.


Premise: Most domestic animals were selected for what traits?

Hypothesis: Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors.


Premise: Which type of self-esteem fluctuates rapidly and can cause severe distress and anxiety?

Hypothesis: Due to the fact that both men and women happen to have a low self-esteem after ending a romantic relationship, they are prone to other symptoms that is caused by this state.


Premise: Where are most of the nice restaurants located?

Hypothesis: There are also a number of snack restaurants which the French call "les snacks" or "les petits creux" which include sandwiches, pizzas and salads.


Premise: What was Wright's method known as?

Hypothesis: The population geneticist Sewall Wright developed one way of measuring genetic differences between populations known as the Fixation index, which is often abbreviated to FST.


Premise: From whom did Hayek acquire the term he proposed as an alternative to libertarian?

Hypothesis: However, for his part, Hayek found this term "singularly unattractive" and offered the term "Old Whig" (a phrase borrowed from Edmund Burke) instead.


Premise: What classic area of study is now mostly reserved for academic consideration?

Hypothesis: More of its practitioners lament this situation than occurs with the sciences; nonetheless most new philosophical work appears in academic journals.


Premise: What is an option  of component interface testing  used while sending message packets?

Hypothesis: Component interface testing is a variation of black-box testing, with the focus on the data values beyond just the related actions of a subsystem component.


Premise: What are the regional health administrations in charge of?

Hypothesis: Five regional health administrations are in charge of implementing the national health policy objectives, developing guidelines and protocols and supervising health care delivery.


Premise: What system assists a user in seeing a table?

Hypothesis: The relational model solved this by splitting the data into a series of normalized tables (or relations), with optional elements being moved out of the main table to where they would take up room only if needed.


Premise: The Qing dynasty lasted through what time period?

Hypothesis: The Manchus then allied with former Ming general Wu Sangui and seized control of Beijing, which became the new capital of the Qing dynasty.


Premise: Where was Nanak born?

Hypothesis: (born at Nankana Sahib).


Premise: What are some other causes of airway obstruction?

Hypothesis: In children, other upper airway diseases such as allergic rhinitis and sinusitis should be considered as well as other causes of airway obstruction including: foreign body aspiration, tracheal stenosis or laryngotracheomalacia, vascular rings, enlarged lymph nodes or neck masses.


Premise: Where did Lilienfeld file his patent?

Hypothesis: However, Lilienfeld did not publish any research articles about his devices nor did his patents cite any specific examples of a working prototype.


Premise: What was the population of Nanjing in 2010?

Hypothesis: The statistics in 2011 estimated the total population to be 8.11 million.


Premise: The owners of the Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel converted it into what?

Hypothesis: Immediately after the legislation passed, the owners of the Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel began converting it into the Resorts International.


Premise: What denomination did the all of the founders associated with?

Hypothesis: The foundation of Northwestern University is traceable to a meeting on May 31, 1850 of nine prominent Chicago businessmen, Methodist leaders and attorneys who had formed the idea of establishing a university to serve what had once been known as the Northwest Territory.


Premise: Along with Guatemala, what country's government did Eisenhower order overthrown?

Hypothesis: He ordered coups in Iran and Guatemala.


Premise: What makes Armenia's presidential elections faulty?

Hypothesis: International observers of Council of Europe and US Department of State have questioned the fairness of Armenia's parliamentary and presidential elections and constitutional referendum since 1995, citing polling deficiencies, lack of cooperation by the Electoral Commission, and poor maintenance of electoral lists and polling places.


Premise: To what study did Mimamsa give rise?

Hypothesis: Mīmāṃsā gave rise to the study of philology and the philosophy of language.


Premise: Who developed the spice trade initially?

Hypothesis: Even prior to the penetration of European interests, Southeast Asia was a critical part of the world trading system.


Premise: How many Guinean soldiers did the PAIGC kill?

Hypothesis: Following independence, the PAIGC killed thousands of local Guinean soldiers who had fought along with the Portuguese Army against guerrillas.


Premise: How were negative numbers first described during the Han period?

Hypothesis: Negative numbers were also used by the Greek mathematician Diophantus in about 275 AD, but were not widely accepted in Europe until the 16th century AD.


Premise: When was the South Pacific Mandate for Japan approved?

Hypothesis: It renounced all of its Pacific possessions, including the Marshall Islands.


Premise: What is the city of Bath famous for

Hypothesis: The county played a significant part in the consolidation of power and rise of King Alfred the Great, and later in the English Civil War and the Monmouth Rebellion.


Premise: How many users did Sony say might have been affected by the intrusion?

Hypothesis: Sony later revealed that the personal information of 77 million users might have been taken, including: names; addresses; countries; email addresses; birthdates; PSN/Qriocity logins, passwords and handles/PSN online IDs.


Premise: In which decades did bands like MC5 and Rare Earth become big in Detroit?

Hypothesis: In the 1980s, Detroit was an important center of the hardcore punk rock underground with many nationally known bands coming out of the city and its suburbs, such as The Necros, The Meatmen, and Negative Approach.


Premise: Who resigned from the Freemasons for their lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge?

Hypothesis: Maria Deraismes was initiated into Freemasonry in 1882, then resigned to allow her lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge.


Premise: Which copper salt can produce green glames?

Hypothesis: Copper salts typically burn blue, but cupric chloride (also known as "campfire blue") can also produce green flames.


Premise: What is the term that means all in the Bible is true?

Hypothesis: This idea contains the four main doctrines on the Bible: that its teaching is needed for salvation (necessity); that all the doctrine necessary for salvation comes from the Bible alone (sufficiency); that everything taught in the Bible is correct (inerrancy); and that, by the Holy Spirit overcoming sin, believers may read and understand truth from the Bible itself, though understanding is difficult, so the means used to guide individual believers to the true teaching is often mutual discussion within the church (clarity).


Premise: What theory argues that conceptual cognition is not required for emotional meaning?

Hypothesis: This theory is neo-Jamesian in arguing that bodily responses are central to emotions, yet it emphasizes the meaningfulness of emotions or the idea that emotions are about something, as is recognized by cognitive theories.


Premise: Which legislative bodies does this court sit in cases over?

Hypothesis: It is both the constitutional court and the court of last resort in Brazilian law.


Premise: Who was forced to retreat back to the Pusan Peninsula due to unpreparedness?

Hypothesis: The impact of the Truman administration's defense budget cutbacks were now keenly felt, as American troops fought a series of costly rearguard actions.


Premise: What school in New Haven is known for it's theater being used by both students and church?

Hypothesis: The theatre is used for student productions as well as the home to weekly services to a local non-denominational church, the City Church New Haven.


Premise: Who were the players and composers during this time?

Hypothesis: Prior to the Golden Age of Mandolins, France had a history with the mandolin, with mandolinists playing in Paris until the Napoleonic Wars.


Premise: In what year was Marshall Field and company established?

Hypothesis: The company was the first to introduce the concept of the personal shopper, and that service was provided without charge in every Field's store, until the chain's last days under the Marshall Field's name.


Premise: How many day did filming take

Hypothesis: Filming took 128 days.


Premise: What percent of the Bronx is Asian?

Hypothesis: At the 2010 Census, 53.5% of Bronx's population was of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (they may be of any race).


Premise: Who led the militia that defended Richmond?

Hypothesis: In 1775, Patrick Henry delivered his famous "Give me Liberty or Give me Death" speech in St. John's Church in Richmond, crucial for deciding Virginia's participation in the First Continental Congress and setting the course for revolution and independence.


Premise: What is Occitan a branch of?

Hypothesis: Differentiation has arisen generally because Spanish, Asturian, and Galician-Portuguese share certain peripheral archaisms (Spanish hervir, Asturian/Portuguese ferver vs. Catalan bullir, Occitan bolir "to boil") and innovatory regionalisms (Sp novillo, Ast nuviellu vs. Cat torell, Oc taurèl "bullock"), while Catalan has a shared history with the Western Romance innovative core, especially Occitan.


Premise: What do bison still remain?

Hypothesis: Conservation efforts have allowed the population to increase, but the bison remains near-threatened.


Premise: Who was the last Western Roman Emperor?

Hypothesis: The Eastern Roman Empire, often referred to as the Byzantine Empire after the fall of its western counterpart, had little ability to assert control over the lost western territories.


Premise: Has the final been played by a two clubs outside of the top divisions?

Hypothesis: The final has never been contested by two teams from outside the top division and there have only been eight winners who weren't in the top flight: Notts County (1894); Tottenham Hotspur (1901); Wolverhampton Wanderers (1908); Barnsley (1912); West Bromwich Albion (1931); Sunderland (1973), Southampton (1976) and West Ham United (1980).


Premise: Who was one of the first theologians to try to interact with Whitehead's ideas?

Hypothesis: However, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that Whitehead's thought drew much attention outside of a small group of philosophers and theologians, primarily Americans, and even today he is not considered especially influential outside of relatively specialized circles.


Premise: Who wrote the supplemental material added to the Lectures book in 2005?

Hypothesis: They were edited and supplemented in 2005 with "Feynman's Tips on Physics: A Problem-Solving Supplement to the Feynman Lectures on Physics" by Michael Gottlieb and Ralph Leighton (Robert Leighton's son), with support from Kip Thorne and other physicists.


Premise: How many lanes make up the Sui-Yu Expressway?

Hypothesis: On 3 November 2007, the Sichuan Transportation Bureau announced that the Sui-Yu Expressway was completed after three years of construction.


Premise: What type of media decreases and internet connectivity increases?

Hypothesis: Print media in the country is also progressively giving way to news radio stations and online portals, as internet connectivity and access increases.


Premise: What is an alloy?

Hypothesis: An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions).


Premise: What portion of students are native Utah residents?

Hypothesis: It is owned and operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), and, excluding online students, is the largest of any religious university and the third largest private university in the United States, with 29,672 on-campus students.


Premise: What was the first antibiotic developed from nature?

Hypothesis: It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating wounds and ulcers during World War II.


Premise: Whose official independence was declared in 1908?

Hypothesis: Bulgaria was also free but was de jure vassal to the Ottoman Empire until official independence was declared in 1908.


Premise: Why did medical professionals advise against using an anaesthetic during childbirth?

Hypothesis: Victoria may have suffered from post-natal depression after many of her pregnancies.


Premise: When did the  the Saar Protectorate rejoin the republic?

Hypothesis: In 1957, the Saar Protectorate rejoined the Federal Republic as the Saarland.


Premise: Where did Naguib end up after the turmoil?

Hypothesis: Upon returning to Cairo, he ordered one of the largest political crackdowns in the modern history of Egypt, with the arrests of thousands of dissenters, mostly members of the Brotherhood, but also communists, and the dismissal of 140 officers loyal to Naguib.


Premise: What does a omnivore imply?

Hypothesis: Mammals that weigh less than about 18 oz (500 g) are mostly insectivorous because they cannot tolerate the slow, complex digestive process of a herbivore.


Premise: What is the focus of the Bumbershoot festival?

Hypothesis: Among Seattle's prominent annual fairs and festivals are the 24-day Seattle International Film Festival, Northwest Folklife over the Memorial Day weekend, numerous Seafair events throughout July and August (ranging from a Bon Odori celebration to the Seafair Cup hydroplane races), the Bite of Seattle, one of the largest Gay Pride festivals in the United States, and the art and music festival Bumbershoot, which programs music as well as other art and entertainment over the Labor Day weekend.


Premise: Who issued the copper tokens in 1821?

Hypothesis: In 1821, Saul Solomon issued a 70,560 copper tokens worth a halfpenny each Payable at St Helena by Solomon, Dickson and Taylor – presumably London partners – that circulated alongside the East India Company's local coinage until the Crown took over the island in 1836.


Premise: Who's responsibility was it to edit the standard for Layer II?

Hypothesis: Much of its technology and ideas were incorporated into the definition of ISO MPEG Audio Layer I and Layer II and the filter bank alone into Layer III (MP3) format as part of the computationally inefficient hybrid filter bank.


Premise: Who made the first known clean slate decrees?

Hypothesis: Periodically "clean slate" decrees were signed by rulers which cancelled all the rural (but not commercial) debt and allowed bondservants to return to their homes.


Premise: When is the annual Houston Pride Parade held?

Hypothesis: Another large celebration is the annual night-time Houston Pride Parade, held at the end of June.


Premise: What is a greenstone belt?

Hypothesis: Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic rocks.


Premise: What is the name of the general that lead British regulars to New Haven Harbor?

Hypothesis: New Haven was not torched as the invaders did with Danbury in 1777, or Fairfield and Norwalk a week after the New Haven raid, so many of the town's colonial features were preserved.


Premise: What system, like Saturn, does Neptune have?

Hypothesis: Neptune has a planetary ring system, though one much less substantial than that of Saturn.


Premise: What may be represented as a series of still image frames?

Hypothesis: Video data may be represented as a series of still image frames.


Premise: Which party has the absolute majority of the seats?

Hypothesis: This gives the left parties an absolute majority of 46 seats.


Premise: For what have the Beijing and Lhasa goverments been criticized?

Hypothesis: At the end of the decade, however, analogously to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries started protesting for independence, and so the government halted reforms and started an anti-separatist campaign.


Premise: When did FIG decide that scores are no longer limited to 10 points?

Hypothesis: The gymnast's difficulty score is based on what elements they perform and is subject to change if they do not perform or complete all the skills, or they do not connect a skill meant to be connected to another.


Premise: What effect do cages have on the spectrum of usable frequencies?

Hypothesis: At a lower frequency the trap allows the full length of the element to be employed, albeit with a shifted resonant frequency due to the inclusion of the trap's net reactance at that lower frequency.


Premise: Which private shot down one aircraft with a cannon?

Hypothesis: This was the first occasion in military history that a military aircraft was shot down with ground-to-air fire.


Premise: What type of administration did general Mousa Traoré have?

Hypothesis: During this time strict programs, imposed to satisfy demands of the International Monetary Fund, brought increased hardship upon the country's population, while elites close to the government supposedly lived in growing wealth.


Premise: How many distinct parts make up Sichuan?

Hypothesis: Sichuan consists of two geographically very distinct parts.


Premise: What dominated animal life in the Triassic?

Hypothesis: Recent research indicates that the specialized animals that formed complex ecosystems, with high biodiversity, complex food webs and a variety of niches, took much longer to reestablish, recovery did not begin until the start of the mid-Triassic, 4M to 6M years after the extinction and was not complete until 30M years after the Permian–Triassic extinction event.


Premise: In which century did Islamic madrasas start to transform into universities?

Hypothesis: Their endowment by a prince or monarch and their role in training government officials made these Mediterranean universities similar to Islamic madrasas, although madrasas were generally smaller and individual teachers, rather than the madrasa itself, granted the license or degree.


Premise: What was Calvin Veltman' findings?

Hypothesis: Mr Veltman's language shift studies document high bilingualism rates and subsequent adoption of English as the preferred language of Hispanics, particularly by the young and the native-born.


Premise: What was feared would happen when different races were mixed in shelters?

Hypothesis: However, the feared race riots did not transpire despite the mixing of different peoples into confined areas.


Premise: Who offered troops to the King?

Hypothesis: Here, on 17 April, General Elio invited the King to reclaim his absolute rights and put his troops at the King's disposition.


Premise: Along with uranyl sulfate and uranyl chloride, what compound is formed by the UO2+ 2 ion?

Hypothesis: UO2+_2 also forms complexes with various organic chelating agents, the most commonly encountered of which is uranyl acetate.


Premise: Several dozen teams can deploy individually in small sections when what is handled by a specialist?

Hypothesis: When MANPADS is operated by specialists, batteries may have several dozen teams deploying separately in small sections; self-propelled air defence guns may deploy in pairs.


Premise: The uninterrupted celebration of Carnival festivals in Barranquilla is now recognized as what?

Hypothesis: The Carnival continued its evolution in small/unimportant towns out of view of the rulers.


Premise: Who distributes CBS Records material?

Hypothesis: CBS Corporation founded a new CBS Records in 2006, which is distributed by Sony through its RED subsidiary.


Premise: What officer rotation doctrine was developed under Root's guidance?

Hypothesis: His goal of a uniformed chief of staff as general manager and a European-type general staff for planning was stymied by General Nelson A. Miles but did succeed in enlarging West Point and establishing the U.S. Army War College as well as the General Staff.


Premise: Where is Gerda Abst a professor mandolin?

Hypothesis: Gerda Abts is a well known mandolin virtuoso in Belgium.


Premise: Are quails used for any purpose other than human consumption ?

Hypothesis: After the war, the few surviving domesticated quail were used to rebuild the industry, and all current commercial and laboratory lines are considered to have originated from this population.


Premise: When were parliamentary elections held?

Hypothesis: The civil war that took place in 1998 and 1999, and a military coup in September 2003 again disrupted economic activity, leaving a substantial part of the economic and social infrastructure in ruins and intensifying the already widespread poverty.


Premise: What did John use to increase his own territory and power?

Hypothesis: Llywelyn came to terms that included an expansion of John's power across much of Wales, albeit only temporarily.


Premise: Parts of the Brighton Banqueting and Music Rooms from Brighton Pavilion make up which Buckingham Room?

Hypothesis: The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room is made up from parts of the Brighton Banqueting and Music Rooms with a large oriental chimney piece sculpted by Richard Westmacott.


Premise: What should New York, Illinois and California be using instead of codified statutes?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, all three states continue to maintain most of their civil procedure laws in the form of codified statutes enacted by the state legislature, as opposed to court rules promulgated by the state supreme court, on the ground that the latter are undemocratic.


Premise: How many phases were there to the Armenian Genocide?

Hypothesis: The events of 1915 to 1917 are regarded by Armenians and the vast majority of Western historians to have been state-sponsored mass killings, or genocide.


Premise: Name an advisor to Guangxu?

Hypothesis: Newer, more radical advisers such as Kang Youwei were given positions of influence.


Premise: One form of corruption involves the hiring of family members, which is called what?

Hypothesis: Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is also considered political corruption.


Premise: When did the scholar project begin?

Hypothesis: The initiative was launched in 2010 and there are currently more than 500 Scholars enrolled in qualifying Connecticut colleges and universities.


Premise: What is Kahuta an important location for?

Hypothesis: Trade and people-to-people contacts through the Wagah border are now starting to become common.


Premise: What are the remaining blockades to the use or PCR as a standard tool of diagnosis?

Hypothesis: The only remaining blockades to the use of PCR as a standard tool of diagnosis are in its cost and application, neither of which is insurmountable.


Premise: Why is table sugar produced?

Hypothesis: Some of the glucose is converted to sucrose (common table sugar) for export to the rest of the plant.


Premise: Who won the first season of American Idol?

Hypothesis: The final showdown was between Justin Guarini, one of the early favorites, and Kelly Clarkson.


Premise: Who is the secretary of the 51st State Party?

Hypothesis: The party advocates New Zealand becoming the 51st state of the United States of America.


Premise: What was the effect of Laurussia impacting Gondwana in North America?

Hypothesis: The southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent Gondwana, which collided with North America-Europe (Laurussia) along the present line of eastern North America.


Premise: What are the touloulous' dance partners not allowed to do?

Hypothesis: Men attend the balls, but they pay admittance and are not disguised.


Premise: What has been linked with pacifism?

Hypothesis: A more political side of the Radical Reformation can be seen in the thought and practice of Hans Hut, although typically Anabaptism has been associated with pacifism.


Premise: Who was one of the first Greeks to adopt a humanistic outlook?

Hypothesis: He was also the first Greek philosopher to admit women to his school as a rule.


Premise: What are the two cycles of the Greek folk song?

Hypothesis: Along with the Byzantine (Church) chant and music, the Greek people also cultivated the Greek folk song which is divided into two cycles, the akritic and klephtic.


Premise: As a result of the freedom, different encoders can result in different quality even if which aspect of the file is the same?

Hypothesis: As the MP3 standard allows quite a bit of freedom with encoding algorithms, different encoders may feature quite different quality, even with identical bit rates.


Premise: In what device was videoconferencing finally able to be used in?

Hypothesis: Finally, in the 1990s, Internet Protocol-based videoconferencing became possible, and more efficient video compression technologies were developed, permitting desktop, or personal computer (PC)-based videoconferencing.


Premise: What did the increase in agricultural areas produce?

Hypothesis: As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers.


Premise: What is required to view over-the-air broadcasts?

Hypothesis: CBC HD is available nationally via satellite and on digital cable as well as for free over-the-air using a regular TV antenna and a digital tuner (included in most new television sets) on the following channels:


Premise: On what channel was Tom and Jerry sometimes shown in the mornings?

Hypothesis: In 1967 Tom and Jerry cartoons first aired on BBC One, with around 2 episodes shown every evening at 17:00, with occasional morning showings on CBBC.


Premise: What is the minimum attendance rate for a student to be eligible for the New Haven Promise Scholarship?

Hypothesis: The city is home to New Haven Promise, a scholarship funded by Yale University for students who meet the requirements.


Premise: How many magnet schools are there in Raleigh?

Hypothesis: Raleigh is home to three magnet high schools and three high schools offering the International Baccalaureate program.


Premise: Who developed the new press type in 1814 for The Times?

Hypothesis: For much of its early life, the profits of The Times were very large and the competition minimal, so it could pay far better than its rivals for information or writers.


Premise: What did the Russians fear losing without compensation?

Hypothesis: Russia feared losing Russian America without compensation in some future conflict, especially to the British.


Premise: Where does "Movement" take place?

Hypothesis: The Detroit Electronic Music Festival, now known as "Movement", occurs annually in late May on Memorial Day Weekend, and takes place in Hart Plaza.


Premise: Who was head of government after the first elected head of government?

Hypothesis: Cárdenas resigned in 1999 to run in the 2000 presidential elections and designated Rosario Robles to succeed him, who became the first woman (elected or otherwise) to govern Mexico City.


Premise: Had the Football League First Division ever been in the top level?

Hypothesis: Despite significant European success during the 1970s and early 1980s, the late '80s had marked a low point for English football.


Premise: How will the above mentioned spaceship appear to a stationary observer?

Hypothesis: For example, if a spaceship carrying a clock flies through space at (very nearly) the speed of light, its crew does not notice a change in the speed of time on board their vessel because everything traveling at the same speed slows down at the same rate (including the clock, the crew's thought processes, and the functions of their bodies).


Premise: How many hours of sunshine does New York receive every year?

Hypothesis: Under the Köppen climate classification, using the 0 °C (32 °F) coldest month (January) isotherm, New York City itself experiences a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) and is thus the northernmost major city on the North American continent with this categorization.


Premise: Because the schedule in Israel was always changing, what did Microsoft do with the release of Windows 98?

Hypothesis: In Windows 98, Microsoft marked Israel as not having DST, forcing Israeli users to shift their computer clocks manually twice a year.


Premise: What was the economy of North Carolina based on after the confederacy?

Hypothesis: Impoverished by the Civil War, the state continued with an economy based on tobacco, cotton and agriculture.


Premise: What was issued to halt the use of higher currency denomations?

Hypothesis: With the advent of electronic banking, they became less necessary.


Premise: What industry is Broadway associated with?

Hypothesis: Several of the city's streets and avenues, like Broadway, Wall Street, Madison Avenue, and Seventh Avenue are also used as metonyms for national industries there: the theater, finance, advertising, and fashion organizations, respectively.


Premise: Where does Hamp say the Pontic Indo-European languages originate?

Hypothesis: Eric P. Hamp in his 2012 Indo-European family tree, groups the Armenian language along with Greek and Ancient Macedonian ("Helleno-Macedonian") in the Pontic Indo-European (also called Helleno-Armenian) subgroup.


Premise: Who did members of Einstürzende Neubauten also collaborate with?

Hypothesis: In Brazil, the post-punk scene grew after the generation of Brasilia rock with bands such as Legião Urbana, Capital Inicial and Plebe Rude and then the opening of the music club Madame Satã in São Paulo, with acts like Cabine C, Titãs, Patife Band, Fellini and Mercenárias, as documented on compilations like The Sexual Life of the Savages and the Não Wave/Não São Paulo series, released in the UK, Germany and Brazil, respectively.[citation needed]


Premise: At what age did Avicenna lose his father?

Hypothesis: When Ibn Sina was 22 years old, he lost his father.


Premise: What happened when the  Maratha Army lost the third battle of Panipat?

Hypothesis: In 1761, the Maratha army lost the Third Battle of Panipat which halted imperial expansion and the empire was then divided into a confederacy of Maratha states.


Premise: Who completed the palaces gilded railing and gates?

Hypothesis: Thus, Buckingham Palace is a symbol and home of the British monarchy, an art gallery and a tourist attraction.


Premise: Universal's deal with what company ended in 2013?

Hypothesis: Universal's multi-year film financing deal with Elliott Management expired in 2013.


Premise: Through what process did Darwin believe emotions developed?

Hypothesis: Darwin, therefore, argued that emotions evolved via natural selection and therefore have universal cross-cultural counterparts.


Premise: How much did the Governor of Georgia budget per year to provide every child with a CD of classical music?

Hypothesis: Florida passed a law requiring toddlers in state-run schools to listen to classical music every day, and in 1998 the governor of Georgia budgeted $105,000 per year to provide every child born in Georgia with a tape or CD of classical music.


Premise: How much are total losses estimated to be from falling home prices?

Hypothesis: Falling prices also resulted in homes worth less than the mortgage loan, providing a financial incentive to enter foreclosure.


Premise: What did George Sarton write?

Hypothesis: George Sarton, the author of The History of Science, described Ibn Sīnā as "one of the greatest thinkers and medical scholars in history" and called him "the most famous scientist of Islam and one of the most famous of all races, places, and times."


Premise: How many people visited the Hanover Zoo in 2010?

Hypothesis: The Hanover Zoo is one of the most spectacular and best zoos in Europe.


Premise: What was used during surgery to relieve patients of their pain?

Hypothesis: These are now known to be nutrition disorders caused by the lack of certain vitamins consumed in one's diet.


Premise: What date were the official numbers of students killed in the earthquake released?

Hypothesis: The official tally of students killed in the earthquake was not released until May 7, 2009, almost a year after the earthquake.


Premise: What is kleptoparasitism?

Hypothesis: Some species, including frigatebirds, gulls, and skuas, engage in kleptoparasitism, stealing food items from other birds.


Premise: Which scientist was addressed the most often in the new chapter of On the Origin of Species?

Hypothesis: Much of the chapter responds to George Jackson Mivart's criticisms, including his claim that features such as baleen filters in whales, flatfish with both eyes on one side and the camouflage of stick insects could not have evolved through natural selection because intermediate stages would not have been adaptive.


Premise: Why are long sentences in a modern preamble formatted into multiple paragraphs?

Hypothesis: A treaty typically begins with a preamble describing the contracting parties and their joint objectives in executing the treaty, as well as summarizing any underlying events (such as a war).


Premise: What is a group with a common evolutionary ancestor population called?

Hypothesis: The smooth gradation of human genetic variation in general tends to rule out any idea that human population groups can be considered monophyletic (cleanly divided), as there appears to always have been considerable gene flow between human populations.


Premise: When did Gardezi die?

Hypothesis: The earliest existing building in South Asia with enamelled tile-work is the tomb of Shah Yusuf Gardezi (1150 AD) at Multan.


Premise: Where was the coconut palm brought to St. Barts from?

Hypothesis: The eastern part of the island is greener as it receives more rainfall.


Premise: How highly was Imperial ranked in "research power" in 2014?

Hypothesis: In rankings produced by Times Higher Education based upon the REF results Imperial was ranked 2nd overall for GPA and 8th for "research power" (compared to 6th and 7th respectively in the equivalent rankings for the RAE 2008).


Premise: What was the former name of the company that provided the fuel cells to the city?

Hypothesis: According to Giovanni Zinn of the city's Office of Sustainability, each fuel cell may save the city up to $1 million in energy costs over a decade.


Premise: How many countries are permanent seats on the UN Security Council?

Hypothesis: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States are often referred to as great powers by academics due to "their political and economic dominance of the global arena".


Premise: What did Beyonce call her first concert tour?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé conducted pre-concert food donation drives during six major stops in conjunction with her pastor at St. John's and America's Second Harvest.


Premise: West Slavic people consist of which nationalities?

Hypothesis: Modern Slavic nations and ethnic groups are considerably diverse both genetically and culturally, and relations between them – even within the individual ethnic groups themselves –


Premise: synthesizers were used to create what house subgenre?

Hypothesis: These synthesizers were used to create a house subgenre called acid house.


Premise: What do people call the leader of Mexico City?

Hypothesis: Therefore, it was the president, representing the federation, who used to designate the head of government of the Federal District, a position which is sometimes presented outside Mexico as the "Mayor" of Mexico City.[citation needed]


Premise: What theism is practice of putting your self on the level of gods?

Hypothesis: The setting up of ruler cults was more based on the systematized honors offered to the kings (sacrifice, proskynesis, statues, altars, hymns) which put them on par with the gods (isotheism) than on actual belief of their divine nature.


Premise: The Buddhism practiced in Tibet, the Himalayan regions and Mongolia are often referred to as?

Hypothesis: Native Mahayana Buddhism is practiced today in China, Japan, Korea, Singapore, parts of Russia and most of Vietnam (also commonly referred to as "Eastern Buddhism").


Premise: Who was responsible for 2/3 of all recordings in the 1930s?

Hypothesis: Radio transcription producers such as World Broadcasting System and Associated Music Publishers (AMP) were the dominant licensees of the Western Electric wide range system and towards the end of the 1930s were responsible for two-thirds of the total radio transcription business.


Premise: What year did the Nintendo Wii U, partly developed by IBM, debut?

Hypothesis: The Xbox 360 contains a PowerPC tri-core processor, which was designed and produced by IBM in less than 24 months.


Premise: What traditional schooling has been considered modeled after the traditional Islamic graduate schools?

Hypothesis: George Makdisi considers the ijāzah to be the origin of the European doctorate.


Premise: As of 2011 what was the population of the core of London?

Hypothesis: The bulk of this conurbation forms Greater London,[note 1] a region of England governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.[note 2]


Premise: What song did DeWyze cover for his first release?

Hypothesis: This is the first season where neither finalist achieved significant album sales.


Premise: What percentage of concrete mixes is aggregates?

Hypothesis: Asphalt concrete pavement mixes are typically composed of 5% asphalt/bitumen cement and 95% aggregates (stone, sand, and gravel).


Premise: Thomas Watson Sr. stepped down in what year?

Hypothesis: In 1952, Thomas Watson, Sr., stepped down after almost 40 years at the company helm; his son, Thomas Watson, Jr., was named president.


Premise: What is the strip of 27th Street between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues known as?

Hypothesis: 27th Street is a one-way street runs from Second Avenue to the West Side Highway with an interruption between Eighth Avenue and Tenth Avenue.


Premise: What was believed would happen if the Chinese entered the conflict?

Hypothesis: This meeting was much publicized because of the General's discourteous refusal to meet the President on the continental United States.


Premise: What city is Dell's Tennessee facility in?

Hypothesis: Dell facilities in the United States are located in Austin, Texas; Plano, Texas; Nashua, New Hampshire; Nashville, Tennessee; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Peoria, Illinois; Hillsboro, Oregon (Portland area); Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Eden Prairie, Minnesota (Dell Compellent); Bowling Green, Kentucky; Lincoln, Nebraska; and Miami, Florida.


Premise: On what date did the German army declare Paris as an open city?

Hypothesis: On 14 June 1940, the German army marched into Paris, which had been declared an "open city".


Premise: Where does most of Canada's asphalt end up these days?

Hypothesis: Although historically it was used without refining to pave roads, nearly all of the bitumen is now used as raw material for oil refineries in Canada and the United States.


Premise: Why did the cab operators not like the tracks?

Hypothesis: Within the city there have been two tram networks in operation.


Premise: Where did Marwan die?

Hypothesis: Damascus fell to the Abbasids in April, and in August, Marwan was killed in Egypt.


Premise: For use with more than one channel changes are made to increase what property?

Hypothesis: By adding an inductance in series with the antenna, a so-called loading coil, the capacitive reactance of this antenna can be cancelled leaving a pure resistance which can then be matched to the transmission line.


Premise: For about how long does full immunity from the TB vaccine last?

Hypothesis: The immunity it induces decreases after about ten years.


Premise: Modern browser support standards-based and defacto what?

Hypothesis: The rapid development of proprietary web browsers led to the development of non-standard dialects of HTML, leading to problems with interoperability.


Premise: WHich independent music company was founded by Geoff Travis?

Hypothesis: These DIY imperatives would help form the production and distribution infrastructure of post-punk and the indie music scene that later blossomed in the mid-1980s.


Premise: How much was 1 troy ounce of gold worth?

Hypothesis: The Gold Standard Act of 1900 abandoned the bimetallic standard and defined the dollar as 23.22 grains (1.505 g) of gold, equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $20.67.


Premise: What was Porter's reason for striking down the research university?

Hypothesis: He may have misunderstood some of the challenges of his time, but he correctly anticipated the enduring tensions that have accompanied the emergence and growth of the modern university.


Premise: Aristotle thought what would fill any rarity that might give rise to a void?

Hypothesis: Aristotle believed that no void could occur naturally, because the denser surrounding material continuum would immediately fill any incipient rarity that might give rise to a void.


Premise: What was the title chopin gave of some spoof letters he wrote?

Hypothesis: His letters home from Szafarnia (to which he gave the title "The Szafarnia Courier"), written in a very modern and lively Polish, amused his family with their spoofing of the Warsaw newspapers and demonstrated the youngster's literary gift.


Premise: What word means to drink in Latin?

Hypothesis: On the currency of two words for the same thing in the Germanic languages, the 12th-century Old Icelandic poem Alvíssmál says, "Ale it is called among men, but among the gods, beer."


Premise: What discussion technique are Plato and Aristotle responsible for?

Hypothesis: Their development of deductive reasoning was of particular importance and usefulness to later scientific inquiry.


Premise: How much information can one store and recall in short-term memory?

Hypothesis: This method of remembering telephone numbers is far more effective than attempting to remember a string of 10 digits; this is because we are able to chunk the information into meaningful groups of numbers.


Premise: Which Call of Duty title does Sony include in their low-end price range?

Hypothesis: Sony have since launched their budget range of PlayStation 3 titles, known as the Greatest Hits range in North America, the Platinum range in Europe and Australia and The Best range in Japan.


Premise: What was the primary nature of Germany's interest in the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: The German Empire had primarily economic interests in Micronesia.


Premise: What does Oklahoma mean?

Hypothesis: The name Oklahoma comes from the Choctaw phrase okla humma, literally meaning red people.


Premise: What was the name of the 1909 Cubist sculpture Picassos created?

Hypothesis: During the autumn of 1909 Picasso sculpted Head of a Woman (Fernande) with positive features depicted by negative space and vice versa.


Premise: It was thought that how many Chinese supporters would attend the torch relay?

Hypothesis: One person had to be pulled aboard a police launch when a group of pro-Chinese students looked like they might force him into the lake.


Premise: Which zodiac sign did Deacon and Taylor share?

Hypothesis: The logo combines the zodiac signs of all four members: two lions for Leo (Deacon and Taylor), a crab for Cancer (May), and two fairies for Virgo (Mercury).


Premise: What is another name for roche moutonnee?

Hypothesis: Some rock formations in the path of a glacier are sculpted into small hills called roche moutonnée, or "sheepback" rock.


Premise: What is the name of an alloy that has  four constituents?

Hypothesis: The term alloy is used to describe a mixture of atoms in which the primary constituent is a metal.


Premise: Who was Pharo's lawyer in the case?

Hypothesis: Reporting the decision in UK newspaper The Guardian, Lisa O’Carroll wrote: "Wide is the only judge so far to have presided in a case which has seen a conviction of a journalist in relation to allegations of unlawful payments to public officials for stories.


Premise: Campaign spending and what fell after the Post stopped publishing?

Hypothesis: Schulhofer-Wohl and Garrido found that the year after the Cincinnati Post closed in 2007, "fewer candidates ran for municipal office in the Kentucky suburbs most reliant on the Post, incumbents became more likely to win reelection, and voter turnout and campaign spending fell.


Premise: When did Boston withdraw its bid for hosting the Olympic games?

Hypothesis: This love of sports has made Boston the United States Olympic Committee's choice to bid to hold the 2024 Summer Olympic Games, but the city cited financial concerns when it withdrew its bid on July 27, 2015.


Premise: What type of rallies were being held in March of 1991?

Hypothesis: From 22 March through 26 March 1991, mass pro-democracy rallies and a nationwide strike was held in both urban and rural communities, which became known as les evenements ("the events") or the March Revolution.


Premise: Southampton's railways provide freight services and what other important services?

Hypothesis: Southampton is also served by the rail network, which is used both by freight services to and from the docks and passenger services as part of the national rail system.


Premise: What sort of changes in material would a current reflect?

Hypothesis: Recall that a current will reflect when there are changes in the electrical properties of the material.


Premise: The championship drought has led to the Chicago Cubs being know as what?

Hypothesis: The much publicized drought was concurrent to championship droughts by the Boston Red Sox and the Chicago White Sox, who both had over 80 years between championships.


Premise: What do leeches use to move?

Hypothesis: They function as the main blood vessels, although they are side-by-side rather than upper and lower.


Premise: Ancient Galicians took control of which city in northern Portugal?

Hypothesis: During the next century Galician noblemen took northern Portugal, conquering Coimbra in 871, thus freeing what were considered the southernmost city of ancient Galicia.


Premise: What was Liu Shaokun's profession?

Hypothesis: Besides parents, Liu Shaokun (刘绍坤), a Sichuan school teacher, was detained on June 25, 2008 for "disseminating rumors and destroying social order" about the Sichuan earthquake.


Premise: How does a US NPO apply for tax exempt status?

Hypothesis: That is done typically by applying to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), although statutory exemptions exist for limited types of nonprofit organizations.


Premise: What % of households were spending less than £20 per week in 2004

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, 22% of the population claimed social security benefit in 2006/7, most of them aged over 60, a sector that represents 20% of the population.


Premise: Who believed that neither side would see a victory at the end of the Korean War?

Hypothesis: In the months after the Shenyang conference Peng Dehuai went to Beijing several times to brief Mao and Zhou about the heavy casualties suffered by Chinese troops and the increasing difficulty of keeping the front lines supplied with basic necessities.


Premise: What other word changes can occur in derivations?

Hypothesis: The process of morphological derivation in Catalan follows the same principles as the other Romance languages, where agglutination is common.


Premise: What is the Mossberg 590 used for?

Hypothesis: The M1014 Joint Service Combat Shotgun or the Mossberg 590 Shotgun are used for door breaching and close-quarters combat.


Premise: For how long were the Tories dismissed from office?

Hypothesis: Although the Tories were dismissed from office for half a century, for most of this period (at first under the leadership of Sir William Wyndham), the Tories retained party cohesion, with occasional hopes of regaining office, particularly at the accession of George II (1727) and the downfall of the ministry of Sir Robert Walpole in 1742.


Premise: Elevation of the breasts, development of pubic hair, and elevation of the nippes are examples of what type of changes?

Hypothesis: In females, secondary sex changes involve elevation of the breasts, widening of the hips, development of pubic and underarm hair, widening of the areolae, and elevation of the nipples.


Premise: Where did Messi, Iniesta and Xavi learn their football in Barcelona?

Hypothesis: In 2010, the club made history when three players who came through its youth academy (Messi, Iniesta and Xavi) were chosen as the three best players in the world in the FIFA Ballon d'Or awards, an unprecedented feat for players from the same football school.


Premise: Between what years did Reynolds identify the post-punk era as existing?

Hypothesis: Reynolds defined the post-punk era as occurring loosely between 1978 and 1984.


Premise: What can be deployed as an offensive measure to refuse airspace use to an opponent?

Hypothesis: However, while overall air defence may be for homeland defence including military facilities, forces in the field, wherever they are, invariably deploy their own air defence capability if there is an air threat.


Premise: How many total Nobel prizes were awarded to Swiss scientists?

Hypothesis: Many Nobel prizes have been awarded to Swiss scientists, for example to the world-famous physicist Albert Einstein in the field of physics who developed his Special relativity while working in Bern.


Premise: Where do people who are an exception to egalitarianism live?

Hypothesis: Nearly all African hunter-gatherers are egalitarian, with women roughly as influential and powerful as men.


Premise: What did the Byzantine empire use to expand its political influence?

Hypothesis: The Byzantines established the Theme of Cherson, formally known as Klimata, in the Crimea in the 830s to defend against raids by the Rus' and to protect vital grain shipments supplying Constantinople.


Premise: What was Sir Francis Drake's cause of death?

Hypothesis: He died of dysentery in 1596 off the coast of Puerto Rico.


Premise: What is the mean high temperature in Guam?

Hypothesis: The mean high temperature is 86 °F (30 °C) and mean low is 76 °F (24 °C) with an average annual rainfall of 96 inches (2,180 mm).


Premise: What controlled the small form tablet market at this time?

Hypothesis: In March 2013, Microsoft also amended its certification requirements to allow tablets to use the 1024×768 resolution as a minimum; this change is expected to allow the production of certified Windows 8 tablets in smaller form factors—a market which is currently dominated by Android-based tablets.


Premise: What is the legislative branch of Bermuda modeled after?

Hypothesis: The legislative branch consists of a bicameral parliament modelled on the Westminster system.


Premise: By what year do plans call for the completion of a rail line to Bellevue?

Hypothesis: An extension north to the University of Washington is scheduled to open in 2016; and further extensions are planned to reach Lynnwood to the north, Des Moines to the south, and Bellevue and Redmond to the east by 2023.


Premise: On which label did Elvis release his early singles?

Hypothesis: Some of Elvis Presley's early singles on Sun Records might have sold more copies on 78 than on 45.


Premise: What set of courses does someone need to take for preparation to be considered as a scholar?

Hypothesis: In the Ottoman Empire, during the Early Modern Period, the study of hadiths was introduced by Süleyman I. Depending on the educational demands, some madaris also offer additional advanced courses in Arabic literature, English and other foreign languages, as well as science and world history.


Premise: From what country did Erichtho come?

Hypothesis: A female foreigner from Thessaly, notorious for witchcraft, Erichtho is the stereotypical witch of Latin literature, along with Horace's Canidia.


Premise: The blood-brain barrier is made up of what?

Hypothesis: The cells in the blood vessel walls are joined tightly to one another, forming the blood–brain barrier, which blocks the passage of many toxins and pathogens (though at the same time blocking antibodies and some drugs, thereby presenting special challenges in treatment of diseases of the brain).


Premise: Assuming iSuppli got the numbers right, how much of a loss did Sony take for every 20 GB PS3 sold in the U.S.?

Hypothesis: However, they were priced at US$499 and US$599 respectively, meaning that units may have been sold at an estimated loss of $306 or $241 depending on model, if the cost estimates were correct, and thus may have contributed to Sony's games division posting an operating loss of ¥232.3 billion (US$1.97 billion) in the fiscal year ending March 2007.


Premise: According to the Declaration of Delhi, what type of conditions are needed for human dignity?

Hypothesis: They declared that the rule of law implies certain rights and freedoms, that it implies an independent judiciary, and that it implies social, economic and cultural conditions conducive to human dignity.


Premise: When did von NEumann establish mean square ratio?

Hypothesis: In 1941, he derived the exact distribution of the ratio of the mean square of successive differences to the sample variance for independent and identically normally distributed variables.


Premise: What are Yale's colleges encircling?

Hypothesis: All twelve college quadrangles are organized around a courtyard, and each has a dining hall, courtyard, library, common room, and a range of student facilities.


Premise: Who was the youngest daughter of Earl and Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne?

Hypothesis: An infatuation with the already-married Australian socialite Sheila, Lady Loughborough, came to an end in April 1920 when the King, with the promise of the dukedom of York, persuaded Albert to stop seeing her.


Premise: How could one characterize the winters in Richmond?

Hypothesis: The mountains to the west act as a partial barrier to outbreaks of cold, continental air in winter; Arctic air is delayed long enough to be modified, then further warmed as it subsides in its approach to Richmond.


Premise: How much of Charleston is covered by water?

Hypothesis: The old city is located on a peninsula at the point where, as Charlestonians say, "The Ashley and the Cooper Rivers come together to form the Atlantic Ocean.


Premise: What is the largest and longest-running university-run foreign film program in the U.S.?

Hypothesis: For example, BYU's International Cinema, featuring films in several languages, is the largest and longest-running university-run foreign film program in the country.


Premise: In which areas were the earliest human inhabitants discovered?

Hypothesis: Inhabitants of the state later developed farming with the domestication of corn.


Premise: What is Houston's one Catholic university?

Hypothesis: Several private institutions of higher learning—ranging from liberal arts colleges, such as The University of St. Thomas, Houston's only Catholic university, to Rice University, the nationally recognized research university—are located within the city.


Premise: When was the synagogue in Khirbet Susiya re-discovered?

Hypothesis: The synagogue in Khirbet Susiya (excavated in 1971–72, founded in the end of the 4th century) has three mosaic panels, the eastern one depicting a Torah shrine, two menorahs, a lulav and an etrog with columns, deer and rams.


Premise: Where does Universal's filming take place?

Hypothesis: Universal Studios Inc. (also known as Universal Pictures) is an American film studio, owned by Comcast through its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal, and is one of Hollywood's "Big Six" film studios.


Premise: Where did Beyonce get her name from?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé's younger sister Solange is also a singer and a former member of Destiny's Child.


Premise: How does an someone interested in ethnohistory learn more about cultures and customs?

Hypothesis: Ethnohistory is the study of ethnographic cultures and indigenous customs by examining historical records.


Premise: A 2013 study of Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA was conducted by what university?

Hypothesis: Human geneticists have argued that genetic variations have been identified that show high frequencies among Ashkenazi Jews, but not in the general European population, be they for patrilineal markers (Y-chromosome haplotypes) and for matrilineal markers (mitotypes).


Premise: Who is authorized to provide inspection and/or maintenance of the elevator?

Hypothesis: Inspection service is designed to provide access to the hoistway and car top for inspection and maintenance purposes by qualified elevator mechanics.


Premise: In what city was the Mosque-Madrasah of Sultan Hasan?

Hypothesis: During the rule of the Fatimid and Mamluk dynasties and their successor states in the medieval Middle East, many of the ruling elite founded madaris through a religious endowment known as the waqf.


Premise: How many government-affiliated institutes of technology are there in India?

Hypothesis: In addition to these there are many other Universities which offer higher technical courses.


Premise: Along with Norway, what country borders the RSFSR on the northwest?

Hypothesis: Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian SSRs to its west and Azerbaijan, Georgian and Kazakh SSRs to the south.


Premise: What are some historical reasons multiracial Americans have been classified as black?

Hypothesis: Americans with Sub-Saharan African ancestry for historical reasons: slavery, partus sequitur ventrem, one-eighth law, the one-drop rule of 20th-century legislation, have frequently been classified as black (historically) or African American, even if they have significant European American or Native American ancestry.


Premise: What company was charted in 1600 for trade to the East Indies?

Hypothesis: The East India Company (short for a much longer formal name) was chartered in 1600 for trade to the East Indies.


Premise: What can clothing provide during hazardous activities?

Hypothesis: Physically, clothing serves many purposes: it can serve as protection from the elements, and can enhance safety during hazardous activities such as hiking and cooking.


Premise: What is the name of the thicker-stroked writing used for the Quran beginning in the 9th century?

Hypothesis: Toward the end of the ninth century, new scripts began to appear in copies of the Quran and replace earlier scripts.


Premise: What organic reds did Rothko use in the Passion of Christ murals?

Hypothesis: He mixed mostly traditional colors to make the pink and crimson; synthetic ultramarine, cerulean blue, and titanium white, but he also used two new organic reds, Naphtol and Lithol.


Premise: Where can the issue of through traffic benefits occur?

Hypothesis: The increasing demand for container traffic which is more efficient when utilizing the double-stack car also has network effect issues with existing electrifications due to insufficient clearance of overhead electrical lines for these trains, but electrification can be built or modified to have sufficient clearance, at additional cost.


Premise: What concept did Irenaeus cite to help support his arguments?

Hypothesis: He also pointed out the concept of apostolic succession to support his arguments.


Premise: What court ruled the claim of climate change refugee to be untenable?

Hypothesis: In 2014 attention was drawn to an appeal to the New Zealand Immigration and Protection Tribunal against the deportation of a Tuvaluan family on the basis that they were "climate change refugees", who would suffer hardship resulting from the environmental degradation of Tuvalu.


Premise: How many African Americans lived in Charleston in 1860?

Hypothesis: Among other changes, most blacks quickly left the Southern Baptist Church, setting up their own black Baptist congregations or joining new African Methodist Episcopal Church and AME Zion churches, both independent black denominations first established in the North.


Premise: What is another term for the act of spying for another country?

Hypothesis: Such non-death capital offenses include treason, espionage (spying for another country), and high-level drug trafficking.


Premise: Can one increase their brain efficency?

Hypothesis: A UCLA research study published in the June 2006 issue of the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry found that people can improve cognitive function and brain efficiency through simple lifestyle changes such as incorporating memory exercises, healthy eating, physical fitness and stress reduction into their daily lives.


Premise: Which Carnival in Argentina is the most representative of the nature of the Carnival?

Hypothesis: Gualeguaychú in the east of Entre Ríos province is the most important Carnival city and has one of the largest parades.


Premise: What independent agency operates San Diego International Airport?

Hypothesis: It is operated by an independent agency, the San Diego Regional Airport Authority.


Premise: Where did the Cubs move to after leaving the West Side Grounds?

Hypothesis: As principal owners, the pair moved the club from the West Side Grounds to the much newer Weeghman Park, which had been constructed for the Whales only two years earlier, where they remain to this day.


Premise: What profession finds evidence of infection in fossil remains to be interesting?

Hypothesis: Evidence of infection in fossil remains is a subject of interest for paleopathologists, scientists who study occurrences of injuries and illness in extinct life forms.


Premise: The population of Israel rose from 800,000 to what between 1948 and 1958?

Hypothesis: There were others that did it for the promise of a better life in Israel and a small number that were expelled from their homelands, such as British and French Jews in Egypt after the Suez Crisis.


Premise: How did Max Weber view rationalization?

Hypothesis: Max Weber was concerned with the modernization of society through the concept of rationalization, which he believed would trap individuals in an "iron cage" of rational thought.


Premise: How are power factor correction capacitors sometimes installed?

Hypothesis: In electric power distribution, capacitors are used for power factor correction.


Premise: In what era did the Protestant Reformation occur?

Hypothesis: During the Tudor period the Reformation produced a gradual shift to Protestantism, much of London passing from church to private ownership.


Premise: What evidence was found that Crucifixion did happen?

Hypothesis: The crucified man was identified as Yehohanan ben Hagkol and probably died about 70 AD, around the time of the Jewish revolt against Rome.


Premise: In what year did Richard Francis Burton break away from the Ethnological Society of London?

Hypothesis: It was the 2nd society dedicated to general anthropology in existence.


Premise: When was the Birao Peace Agreement signed?

Hypothesis: The only major group not to sign an agreement at the time was the CPJP, which continued its activities and signed a peace agreement with the government on 25 August 2012.


Premise: How much precipitation does the desert area of Western Alaska receive?

Hypothesis: An area stretching from the northern side of the Seward Peninsula to the Kobuk River valley (i. e., the region around Kotzebue Sound) is technically a desert, with portions receiving less than 10 in (25 cm) of precipitation annually.


Premise: In 1874 the telegraph was known as the what of commerce?

Hypothesis: In 1874, telegraph message traffic was rapidly expanding and in the words of Western Union President William Orton, had become "the nervous system of commerce".


Premise: How much is Eddy Street Commons at Notre Dame expected to cost?

Hypothesis: The first phase of Eddy Street Commons, a $215 million development located adjacent to the University of Notre Dame campus and funded by the university, broke ground on June 3, 2008.


Premise: What did the Circulair Savary introduce?

Hypothesis: The Ministerial Memorandum of 21 June 1982, known as the Circulaire Savary, introduced financial support, over three years, for the teaching of regional languages in schools and universities.


Premise: What did Bronn do in his translation that went completely against what Darwin wanted in On the Origin of Species?

Hypothesis: Darwin's attempts to find a translator in France fell through, and the translation by Clémence Royer published in 1862 added an introduction praising Darwin's ideas as an alternative to religious revelation and promoting ideas anticipating social Darwinism and eugenics, as well as numerous explanatory notes giving her own answers to doubts that Darwin expressed.


Premise: What hairstyle did Mithridates IV copy from Alexander?

Hypothesis: Mithridates VI, himself of mixed Persian and Greek ancestry, presented himself as the protector of the Greeks against the 'barbarians' of Rome styling himself as "King Mithridates Eupator Dionysus."


Premise: What percentage of homeless people are women?

Hypothesis: Forty-one percent were women, and 29 percent were accompanied by children.


Premise: How many aspects are there to Dukkha?

Hypothesis: Dukkha is commonly translated as "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", "unease", etc., and it is said to have the following three aspects:


Premise: How many berths does the Port contain?

Hypothesis: The port area is 98 kilometres (61 mi) in length and has 64 berths including 16 berths for ships with a tonnage of more than 10,000.


Premise: What elements mix for Egyptian music?

Hypothesis: Egyptian music is a rich mixture of indigenous, Mediterranean, African and Western elements.


Premise: Who is responsible for purification of compounds found in mineral sources?

Hypothesis: The development of synthetic chemical methods allowed scientists to systematically vary the structure of chemical substances, and growth in the emerging science of pharmacology expanded their ability to evaluate the biological effects of these structural changes.


Premise: Which street connects East 3rd to West 3rd?

Hypothesis: Great Jones Street connects East 3rd to West 3rd.


Premise: Which philosophy attempted to reconcile Aristotelian teachings and Christian theology in the 13th century?

Hypothesis: The predominant school of thought in the 13th century was the Thomistic reconciliation of the teachings of Aristotle with Christian theology.


Premise: Where is the Bay of Pasaia located?

Hypothesis: In the Basque Country, it is a common belief that the name of St. John's was given by Basque fishermen because the bay of St. John's is very similar to the Bay of Pasaia in the Basque Country, where one of the fishing towns is also called St. John (in Spanish, San Juan, and in Basque, Donibane).


Premise: What do fatty acid monomers that are bound to glycerol backbones make up?

Hypothesis: Fats are triglycerides, made of assorted fatty acid monomers bound to a glycerol backbone.


Premise: What was the name of the video game?

Hypothesis: It was settled out of court by her lawyers in June 2013 who said that they had cancelled because GateFive had lost its financial backers.


Premise: Piracy has been more recently described online in relation to what?

Hypothesis: The term "piracy" has been used to refer to the unauthorized copying, distribution and selling of works in copyright.


Premise: What finally beat Idol in the ratings during season nine?

Hypothesis: In season nine, Idol's six-year extended streak of perfection in the ratings was broken, when NBC's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics on February 17 beat Idol in the same time slot with 30.1 million viewers over Idol's 18.4 million.


Premise: What is the motto of the New York City Fire Department?

Hypothesis: The FDNY's motto is New York's Bravest.


Premise: What were Wesley Clarks's core issues?

Hypothesis: His campaign focused on themes of leadership and patriotism; early campaign ads relied heavily on biography.


Premise: Who did the German sponsorship of Lenin's Petrograd upset?

Hypothesis: The Western Allies expressed their dismay at the Bolsheviks, upset at:


Premise: How many high schools are there in Richmond?

Hypothesis: Richmond's public school district also runs one of Virginia's four public charter schools, the Patrick Henry School of Science and Arts, which was founded in 2010.


Premise: Per the UN definition, what is federalism?

Hypothesis: Were this not the case a federation would not be a single sovereign state, per the UN definition.


Premise: Kenneth Hamilton suggests that the preludes may not have been meant as a group but rather as what?

Hypothesis: The preludes, many of which are very brief (some consisting of simple statements and developments of a single theme or figure), were described by Schumann as "the beginnings of studies".


Premise: In what battle did Ali fight the Kharjites?

Hypothesis: Following this battle, Ali fought a battle against Muawiyah, known as the Battle of Siffin.


Premise: As technology advances, what is another higher bit rate that is beginning to spread?

Hypothesis: As Internet bandwidth availability and hard drive sizes have increased, higher bit rates up to 320 kbit/s are widespread.


Premise: How are torque motors used in computer gaming?

Hypothesis: In the computer gaming world, torque motors are used in force feedback steering wheels.


Premise: What region did Napoleon invade in an effort to extend the Continental System?

Hypothesis: By 1811, Napoleon ruled over 70 million people across an empire that had domination in Europe, which had not witnessed this level of political consolidation since the days of the Roman Empire.


Premise: Which towns have the highest immigrant population?

Hypothesis: The amount of foreigners varies between regions: the college towns Erfurt, Jena, Weimar and Ilmenau have the highest rates, whereas there are almost no migrants living in the most rural smaller municipalities.


Premise: What did the rebellion to the new football measures start?

Hypothesis: Their attempts, however, were reduced by rebellion against the rules committee and formation of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association.


Premise: When does the final take place?

Hypothesis: The only seasons in recent times when this pattern was not followed were 1999–2000, when most rounds were played a few weeks earlier than normal as an experiment, and 2010–11 and 2012–13 when the FA Cup Final was played before the Premier League season had finished, to allow Wembley Stadium to be ready for the UEFA Champions League final, as well as in 2011–12 to allow England time to prepare for that summer's European Championships.


Premise: What country did this visiting king come from?

Hypothesis: It was home of the admiral Zheng He, who went to sail the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and it was visited by foreign dignitaries, such as a king from Borneo (Boni 渤泥), who died during his visit to China in 1408.


Premise: What was the name of the first Universal-Pioneer player?

Hypothesis: For the 1980 launch of the first Universal-Pioneer player, the VP-1000 was noted as a "laser disc player", although the "LaserDisc" logo displayed clearly on the device.


Premise: Proto-Slavic is sometimes referred to as what?

Hypothesis: Slavic linguistic unity was to some extent visible as late as Old Church Slavonic manuscripts which, though based on local Slavic speech of Thessaloniki, could still serve the purpose of the first common Slavic literary language.


Premise: When was the original USB 1.0 Specification introduced?

Hypothesis: The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 1998.


Premise: What sports complex was shuttered in New Haven by the DeStefano administration in 2002?

Hypothesis: As nearby Bridgeport built new sports facilities, the brutalist New Haven Coliseum rapidly deteriorated.


Premise: When did The Norddeutsche Affinerie electroplating plant first begin production?

Hypothesis: The Norddeutsche Affinerie in Hamburg was the first modern electroplating plant starting its production in 1876.


Premise: Of what nationality is the person who called Somalia a "Nation of Bards"?

Hypothesis: The textile-making communities in Somalia are a continuation of an ancient textile industry, as is the culture of wood carving, pottery and monumental architecture that dominates Somali interiors and landscapes.


Premise: What was still a main factor in the Eastern Church laws?

Hypothesis: The law of the Eastern Catholic Churches in full union with Rome was in much the same state as that of the Latin or Western Church before 1917; much more diversity in legislation existed in the various Eastern Catholic Churches.


Premise: What do the letters identify in a bulb shape designation?

Hypothesis: The letters represent the shape of the bulb.


Premise: What Congress members agreed with the Hill's assesment?

Hypothesis: The Hill published an article saying that Congress will likely ignore the results of the referendum due to the circumstances behind the votes.


Premise: Does this view contradict the belief that Mary was also born to a virgin mother ?

Hypothesis: Others have rejected that the doctrine of Immaculate Conception exists in Islam, the Quranic account does not confirm the Immaculate Conception exclusively for Mary as in Islam every human child is born pure and immaculate, her sinless birth is thus independent of the Christian docrtrine of original sin as no such doctrine exists in Islam.


Premise: What is the half life of 72Zn?

Hypothesis: The isotopes 65Zn, 71Zn, 77Zn and 78Zn each have only one excited state.


Premise: What was the nationality of anthropologist Peg LeVine?

Hypothesis: Australian anthropologist Peg LeVine coined the term "ritualcide" to describe the destruction of a group's cultural identity without necessarily destroying its members.


Premise: What health condition did Bell start to have?

Hypothesis: Keeping "night owl" hours, he worried that his work would be discovered and took great pains to lock up his notebooks and laboratory equipment.


Premise: What was the name of the first US Army post?

Hypothesis: The last recorded conflict in Montana between the U.S. Army and Native Americans occurred in 1887 during the Battle of Crow Agency in the Big Horn country.


Premise: What happened to the kingdom of Hanover in 1866?

Hypothesis: In 1837, the personal union of the United Kingdom and Hanover ended because William IV's heir in the United Kingdom was female (Queen Victoria).


Premise: What type of music did Madonna experimented with in Music?

Hypothesis: Madonna experimented with more folk and acoustic music in Music (2000) and American Life (2003).


Premise: What did Seagram sell to finance their purchase of a share in MCA/Universal?

Hypothesis: Matsushita provided a cash infusion, but the clash of cultures was too great to overcome, and five years later Matsushita sold an 80% stake in MCA/Universal to Canadian drinks distributor Seagram for $5.7 billion.


Premise: How long did the main tremor last?

Hypothesis: The earthquake had a magnitude of 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw.


Premise: What was Europe's perspective o Africa containing one-fifth of the worlds population?

Hypothesis: At the time of the Berlin Conference, Africa contained one-fifth of the world’s population living in one-quarter of the world’s land area.


Premise: Who was Isabella engaged to?

Hypothesis: Rather than negotiating some form of compensation, John treated Hugh "with contempt"; this resulted in a Lusignan uprising that was promptly crushed by John, who also intervened to suppress Raoul in Normandy.


Premise: What was an issue found with Berliner's records initially?

Hypothesis: In the United States in 1894, under the Berliner Gramophone trademark, Berliner started marketing records with somewhat more substantial entertainment value, along with somewhat more substantial gramophones to play them.


Premise: Which singer did Beyoncé portray in Cadillac Records?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé further expanded her acting career, starring as blues singer Etta James in the 2008 musical biopic, Cadillac Records.


Premise: What are the concepts quality, matter, and form considered?

Hypothesis: They are useful abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blocks.


Premise: What was the first Greek feature film?

Hypothesis: Golfo (Γκόλφω), a well known traditional love story, is considered the first Greek feature film, although there were several minor productions such as newscasts before this.


Premise: What "chicken or the egg" stalemate prompted Euro1080 to broadcast HDTV channels?

Hypothesis: Euro1080, a division of the former and now bankrupt Belgian TV services company Alfacam, broadcast HDTV channels to break the pan-European stalemate of "no HD broadcasts mean no HD TVs bought means no HD broadcasts ..." and kick-start HDTV interest in Europe.


Premise: In what yer was the Battle of Manzikert fought?

Hypothesis: The Turks also had difficulties, losing control of Jerusalem to the Fatimids of Egypt and suffering from a series of internal civil wars.


Premise: Who completely runs Politics and Policy?

Hypothesis: Run entirely by undergraduates, Politics & Policy publishes several times a week with material ranging from short summaries of events to extended research pieces.


Premise: Who is considered the most competent Serbian scientist on language?

Hypothesis: When Jagić says "Croatian", he refers to a few cases referring to the Dubrovnik vernacular as ilirski (Illyrian).


Premise: What is the end goal of the Fourth Truth?

Hypothesis: Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration.


Premise: What has the teen timetable questionnaire been used to guage?

Hypothesis: This questionnaire has been used to gauge differences in cultural perceptions of adolescent autonomy, finding, for instance, that White parents and adolescents tend to expect autonomy earlier than those of Asian descent.


Premise: Who was the captain of New Haven's Second Company, Governor's Foot Guard?

Hypothesis: Under Captain Benedict Arnold, they broke into the powder house to arm themselves and began a three-day march to Cambridge, Massachusetts.


Premise: Where is the church of Saint George?

Hypothesis: The single most important piece of Byzantine Christian mosaic art in the East is the Madaba Map, made between 542 and 570 as the floor of the church of Saint George at Madaba, Jordan.


Premise: The Pacific Ring of Fire contains what percentage of the earthquakes on Earth?

Hypothesis: There are several active volcanoes located in the islands of Hawaii, including Kilauea in ongoing eruption since 1983, but they do not typically adversely affect the inhabitants of the islands.


Premise: From what is Sanskrit an adaption?

Hypothesis: It is a standardised dialect of Old Indo-Aryan, originating as Vedic Sanskrit and tracing its linguistic ancestry back to Proto-Indo-Iranian and Proto-Indo-European.


Premise: When did humans inhabit North and South America's continents?

Hypothesis: According to archaeological and genetic evidence, North and South America were the last continents in the world with human habitation.


Premise: When was management of Albanian bitumen acquired by the French?

Hypothesis: The Albanian bitumen extraction has a long history and was practiced in an organized way by the Romans.


Premise: Who is the abbey dedicated to?

Hypothesis: The already-old expression "robbing Peter to pay Paul" may have been given a new lease of life when money meant for the abbey, which is dedicated to Saint Peter, was diverted to the treasury of St Paul's Cathedral.


Premise: Who is the current sponsor?

Hypothesis: Emirates airline is the sponsor from 2015 to 2018, renaming the competition as 'The Emirates FA Cup', unlike previous editions, which included 'The FA Cup in association with E.ON' and 'The FA Cup with Budweiser'.


Premise: What island is the borough of Brooklyn located on?

Hypothesis: New York City is located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, and the boroughs of Manhattan and Staten Island are (primarily) coterminous with islands of the same names, while Queens and Brooklyn are located at the west end of the larger Long Island, and The Bronx is located at the southern tip of New York State's mainland.


Premise: What show did several members of the cast and crew appear on in March 2015?

Hypothesis: On 13 March 2015, several members of the cast and crew, including Craig, Whishaw, Wilson and Mendes, as well as previous James Bond actor, Sir Roger Moore, appeared in a sketch written by David Walliams and the Dawson Brothers for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day on BBC One.