Premise: What was the Eritrean region known as during the Middle Ages?

Hypothesis: Eritrea gained independence following the 1993 referendum, and the name of the new state was defined as State of Eritrea in the 1997 constitution.[citation needed]


Premise: What was Chiang Kai-Shek's strongest army?

Hypothesis: Of the 1,200,000 troops under Chiang's control, only 650,000 were directly controlled by his generals, and another 550,000 controlled by warlords who claimed loyalty to his government; the strongest force was the Szechuan army of 320,000 men.


Premise: The problem of the Middle East was published by who?

Hypothesis: The use of the term Middle East as a region of international affairs apparently began in British and American diplomatic circles quite independently of each other over concern for the security of the same country: Iran, then known to the west as Persia.


Premise: How much did it cost each company for the first season?

Hypothesis: The third major sponsor AT&T Wireless joined in the second season but ended after season 12, and Coca-Cola officially ended its sponsorship after season 13 amidst the declining ratings of Idol in the mid-2010s.


Premise: Contestants could perform what in the final rounds for the first time ever?

Hypothesis: In the Top 8, Sam Woolf received the fewest votes, but he was saved from elimination by the judges.


Premise: How many councilors are there?

Hypothesis: The mayor is elected as such as well by public election while the heads of the other directorates are assigned by the collegiate.


Premise: What is Doordarshan?

Hypothesis: Doordarshan Shimla also provides programs in Pahari language.


Premise: What was formed in 2002 to replant parts of the great wood?

Hypothesis: Much of the island is covered by New Zealand flax, a legacy of former industry, but there are some original trees augmented by plantations, including those of the Millennium Forest project which was established in 2002 to replant part of the lost Great Wood and is now managed by the Saint Helena National Trust.


Premise: When were the first campus police formed at Yale?

Hypothesis: The first campus police force was founded at Yale in 1894, when the university contracted city police officers to exclusively cover the campus.


Premise: In how many nations are Muslims in the majority of people?

Hypothesis: Current estimates conclude that the number of Muslims in the world is around 1,5 billion.


Premise: Along with slaves, who was sent to work in cinnabar mines in Rome?

Hypothesis: The source of cinnabar for the Romans was a group of mines near Almadén, southwest of Madrid, in Spain.


Premise: When were late Paleolithic communities established along the lake shores?

Hypothesis: About 10,000 years ago, when the ice melted after the last glacial period, late Paleolithic communities were established along the lake shores and in cave systems.


Premise: What type of mandolin was becoming popular by 1930's?

Hypothesis: However, the mandolin's modern popularity in country music can be directly traced to one man: Bill Monroe, the father of bluegrass music.


Premise: Who is thought to have invented the astrolabe in history?

Hypothesis: A combination of the planisphere and dioptra, the astrolabe was effectively an analog computer capable of working out several different kinds of problems in spherical astronomy.


Premise: What year did FIG reconginze Trampoline and Acrobatic Gymnastics?

Hypothesis: From 1974 to 1998 it was included as an event for both genders at the Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships.


Premise: How much time do Tucson schools give students off to attend the Fiesta de los Vaqueros?

Hypothesis: The Rodeo Parade is a popular event as most schools give two rodeo days off instead of Presidents Day.


Premise: On what day is TCM Underground shown?

Hypothesis: TCM Underground – which debuted in October 2006 – is a Friday late night block which focuses on cult films, the block was originally hosted by rocker/filmmaker Rob Zombie until December 2006 (though as of 2014[update], it is the only regular film presentation block on the channel that does not have a host).


Premise: Who is the President of Nigeria?

Hypothesis: Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan in May 2014 claimed that Boko Haram attacks have left at least 12,000 people dead and 8,000 people crippled.


Premise: For when did the Taylor Report set the deadline for replacing terraces with seats in stadiums?

Hypothesis: This record was then beaten in the 2013–14 season recording an average attendance of 36,695 with a total attendance of just under 14 million, the highest average in England's top flight since 1950.


Premise: Which borough of New York was the Battle of Long Island fought?

Hypothesis: The Battle of Long Island, the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War, was fought in August 1776 entirely within the modern-day borough of Brooklyn.


Premise: When did the First Council of Nicaea rule that Easter be celebrated by all Christians?

Hypothesis: Although a recommendation of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 specified that all Christians should celebrate Easter on the same day, it took almost five centuries before virtually all Christians achieved that objective by adopting the rules of the Church of Alexandria (see Easter for the issues which arose).


Premise: What appointment was the start of Cesar's political rise?

Hypothesis: In 63 BC, Julius Caesar's appointment as pontifex maximus "signaled his emergence as a major player in Roman politics".


Premise: When is the Irish Taoiseach renominated?

Hypothesis: Hence the Irish Taoiseach is formally 'renominated' after every general election.


Premise: Where is South Raleigh?

Hypothesis: South Raleigh is located along U.S. 401 south toward Fuquay-Varina and along US 70 into suburban Garner.


Premise: What type of natural resources is more scarce?

Hypothesis: Therefore, there is also a strong economic incentive to substitute other fuels for oil.


Premise: Who was the first person to try to ensure the wine's quality in Portugal?

Hypothesis: He demarcated the region for production of Port to ensure the wine's quality, and this was the first attempt to control wine quality and production in Europe.


Premise: When were imperial examinations halted?

Hypothesis: The edict paved the way for the most far-reaching reforms in terms of their social consequences, including the creation of a national education system and the abolition of the imperial examinations in 1905.


Premise: Which entity subsumed the Kakatiya dynasty?

Hypothesis: The Bahmani kings ruled the region until 1518 and were the first independent Muslim rulers of the Deccan.


Premise: On what date did the CTRC approve the shut down of CBC's analogue transmitters?

Hypothesis: On July 17, 2012, the CRTC approved the shut down of CBC's analogue transmitters, noting that "while the Commission has the discretion to refuse to revoke broadcasting licences, even on application from a licensee, it cannot direct the CBC or any other broadcaster to continue to operate its stations and transmitters."


Premise: Because of what they eat, dogs are classified as what?

Hypothesis: Despite their descent from wolves and classification as Carnivora, dogs are variously described in scholarly and other writings as carnivores or omnivores.


Premise: What is the main type of employment in Valencia?

Hypothesis: The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed].


Premise: Where do state banquets take place?

Hypothesis: State banquets also take place in the Ballroom; these formal dinners are held on the first evening of a state visit by a foreign head of state.


Premise: What records of the guilds are still in existence?

Hypothesis: The role of architect was usually one with that of master mason, or Magister lathomorum as they are sometimes described in contemporary documents.


Premise: In addition to her light skin color, what else has made part of the African American community criticize Beyoncé?

Hypothesis: In 2008, L'Oréal was accused of whitening her skin in their Feria hair color advertisements, responding that "it is categorically untrue", and in 2013, Beyoncé herself criticized H&M for their proposed "retouching" of promotional images of her, and according to Vogue requested that only "natural pictures be used".


Premise: What did Africian Lodge, Number 459 become after they were removed from the UGLE?

Hypothesis: When the military Lodge left North America, those fifteen men were given the authority to meet as a Lodge, but not to initiate Masons.


Premise: How many countries now have renewable energy policies?

Hypothesis: Countries such as Germany, Denmark, and Spain have led the way in implementing innovative policies which has driven most of the growth over the past decade.


Premise: Where in England were scenes shot that represented a location in Rome?

Hypothesis: Filming temporarily returned to England to shoot scenes at Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire, which stood in for a location in Rome, before moving on to the city itself for a five-week shoot across the city, with locations including the Ponte Sisto bridge and the Roman Forum.


Premise: In which specific kind of events can one often find people drinking too much water?

Hypothesis: Effective fluid replacement techniques include water aid stations during running/cycling races, trainers providing water during team games, such as soccer, and devices such as Camel Baks, which can provide water for a person without making it too hard to drink the water.


Premise: Who got emails asking him to boycott the torch relay?

Hypothesis: Of the 80 torch-bearers in London, Sir Steve Redgrave, who started the relay, mentioned to the media that he had received e-mailed pleas to boycott the event and could "see why they would like to make an issue" of it.


Premise: What does hunting give resource managers an important tool?

Hypothesis: Hunting is claimed to give resource managers an important tool in managing populations that might exceed the carrying capacity of their habitat and threaten the well-being of other species, or, in some instances, damage human health or safety.[citation needed]


Premise: When was the synagogue in Khirbet Susiya re-discovered?

Hypothesis: The synagogue in Eshtemoa (As-Samu) was built around the 4th century.


Premise: On what wall of a church was the Last Judgment typically painted?

Hypothesis: Large illuminated bibles and psalters were the typical forms of luxury manuscripts, and wall-painting flourished in churches, often following a scheme with a Last Judgement on the west wall, a Christ in Majesty at the east end, and narrative biblical scenes down the nave, or in the best surviving example, at Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe, on the barrel-vaulted roof.


Premise: How much rain falls on Mexico City?

Hypothesis: The area receives about 820 millimetres (32.3 in) of annual rainfall, which is concentrated from June through September/October with little or no precipitation the remainder of the year.


Premise: What publication includes Christian AC with its format charts?

Hypothesis: Radio & Records, for instance, lists Christian AC among its format charts.


Premise: What artist worked with Kanye on his album Graduation?

Hypothesis: West's fifth album, My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy, has been noted by writers for its maximalist aesthetic and its incorporation of elements from West's previous four albums.


Premise: What action do the cabs take before the elevator begins to move?

Hypothesis: The passenger cabs, which are automated guided vehicles or AGVs, move into the vertical motion shaft and lock themselves in before the elevator starts moving vertically.


Premise: How many transmitters did CBC intend to upgrade before August 2011?

Hypothesis: Additionally, the CBC stated in the release that it was asking the CRTC for permission to continue broadcasting in analogue until the identified transmitters for transition were up and running.


Premise: What did Kerry do in the church while living in Switzerland?

Hypothesis: I was very religious while at school in Switzerland.


Premise: Is Calvin Veltman' relevant to today's Hispanic Americans?

Hypothesis: Although his study based itself upon a large 1976 sample from the Bureau of the Census (which has not been repeated), data from the 1990 Census tend to confirm the great Anglicization of the US Hispanic American origin population.


Premise: In which era, did the first phylum of multicellular organisms appear?

Hypothesis: The history of biodiversity during the Phanerozoic (the last 540 million years), starts with rapid growth during the Cambrian explosion—a period during which nearly every phylum of multicellular organisms first appeared.


Premise: Who blocked John's relief operation?

Hypothesis: John successfully devastated much of Brittany, but did not deflect Philip's main thrust into the east of Normandy.


Premise: What was Nanjing called during the Qing dynasty?

Hypothesis: Nanjing was invaded by British troops during the close of the First Opium War, which was ended by the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842.


Premise: In which country did the so-called 'commercial revolution' primarily take place?

Hypothesis: Among the innovations of the period were new forms of partnership and the issuing of insurance, both of which contributed to reducing the risk of commercial ventures; the bill of exchange and other forms of credit that circumvented the canonical laws for gentiles against usury, and eliminated the dangers of carrying bullion; and new forms of accounting, in particular double-entry bookkeeping, which allowed for better oversight and accuracy.


Premise: What is the Pawnee name for Oklahoma?

Hypothesis: Pawnee: Uukuhuúwa, Cayuga: Gahnawiyoˀgeh) is a state located in the South Central United States.


Premise: What area is PDO

Hypothesis: Agriculture and food and drink production continue to be major industries in the county, employing over 15,000 people.


Premise: What were the Saka Rulers of Western India believed to be called?

Hypothesis: It is believed that Western Kshatrapas (405–35 BC) were Saka rulers of the western part of India (Saurashtra and Malwa: modern Gujarat, Southern Sindh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan).


Premise: In relation to the shelf the small letters were located, where were the capital letters?

Hypothesis: Traditionally, the capital letters were stored in a separate case that was located above the case that held the small letters, and the name proved easy to remember since capital letters are taller.


Premise: Aspirated consonants are what in English?

Hypothesis: In English, aspirated consonants are allophones in complementary distribution with their unaspirated counterparts, but in some other languages, notably most Indian and East Asian languages, the difference is contrastive.


Premise: Who controlled musical institutions before the 19th century?

Hypothesis: The piano, which achieved its modern construction in this era (in part due to industrial advances in metallurgy) became widely popular with the middle class, whose demands for the instrument spurred a large number of piano builders.


Premise: What museum was located in God's House Tower until 2011?

Hypothesis: Until September 2011, it housed the Museum of Archaeology.


Premise: What year did Schwarzenegger's brother die?

Hypothesis: On May 20, 1971, his brother, Meinhard, died in a car accident.


Premise: When were the feasts of Apollo celebrated?

Hypothesis: The stones found in front of the gates of Homeric Troy were the symbols of Apollo.


Premise: What do scholars that specialize in the medieval period describe madaris as?

Hypothesis: Medievalist specialists who define the university as a legally autonomous corporation disagree with the term "university" for the Islamic madaris and jāmi‘ahs because the medieval university (from Latin universitas) was structurally different, being a legally autonomous corporation rather than a waqf institution like the madrasa and jāmiʻah.


Premise: What happened that decimated a large portion of Ireland?

Hypothesis: In 1845, Ireland was hit by a potato blight.


Premise: Which system was the most complex of the three?

Hypothesis: Although its maximum usable range was similar to the previous systems, it was not unknown for specific buildings to be hit.


Premise: Genetic studies on the Ashkenazim have tried to determine how much of their ancestry is derived from European populations and from where?

Hypothesis: But they have arrived at diverging conclusions regarding both the degree and the sources of their European ancestry.


Premise: What two things are associated with a greater risk of asthma-like symptoms?

Hypothesis: Smoking during pregnancy and after delivery is associated with a greater risk of asthma-like symptoms.


Premise: How high is the continent of Antarctica above sea level?

Hypothesis: Second, the Arctic Ocean covers the north polar zone: the ocean's relative warmth is transferred through the icepack and prevents temperatures in the Arctic regions from reaching the extremes typical of the land surface of Antarctica.


Premise: What color tile was used in Ahangar's tomb?

Hypothesis: A specimen of the sixteenth century tile-work at Lahore is the tomb of Sheikh Musa Ahangar, with its brilliant blue dome.


Premise: During Richard's rule, what did John successfully do?

Hypothesis: During Richard's rule, John had successfully increased the size of his lands in Ireland, and he continued this policy as king.


Premise: What year was a declaration of e-military introduced?

Hypothesis: In 2007, a military doctrine of an e-military of Estonia was officially introduced as the country was under massive cyberattacks in 2007.


Premise: What type of materials is Iran a leading manufacturer of in the Middle East?

Hypothesis: Iran has leading manufacturing industries in the fields of car-manufacture and transportation, construction materials, home appliances, food and agricultural goods, armaments, pharmaceuticals, information technology, power and petrochemicals in the Middle East.


Premise: Are there any alternatives to the public school system in Burma ?

Hypothesis: Nearly all schools are government-operated, but there has been a recent increase in privately funded English language schools.


Premise: What singer had bad things to say about contestants on American Idol?

Hypothesis: Singer Sheryl Crow, who was later to act as a mentor on the show, however took the view that the show "undermines art in every way and promotes commercialism".


Premise: What did agents within the FBI do to investigations of the agency?

Hypothesis: It has settled a dispute with Richard Jewell, who was a private security guard at the venue, along with some media organizations, in regard to the leaking of his name during the investigation.


Premise: What does PCEEO stand for?

Hypothesis: The order also established the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity (PCEEO), chaired by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson.


Premise: Which city has almost all of its sidewalks in Portuguese pavement?

Hypothesis: Lisbon in particular maintains almost all walkways in this style.


Premise: What will the range of the Indian-made ship be, carrying 160 officers, 1400 sailers, and 30 aircraft?

Hypothesis: The ship will be powered by four gas-turbine engines and will have a range of 8,000 nautical miles (15,000 kilometres), carrying 160 officers, 1,400 sailors, and 30 aircraft.


Premise: When did scientists began to arrive en masse to study the geology and ecology of the Alpine region?

Hypothesis: During these visits Shelley wrote the poem "Mont Blanc", Byron wrote "The Prisoner of Chillon" and the dramatic poem Manfred, and Mary Shelley, who found the scenery overwhelming, conceived the idea for the novel Frankenstein in her villa on the shores of Lake Geneva in the midst of a thunderstorm.


Premise: In approximately what year did the Magyars settle in Hungary?

Hypothesis: The High Middle Ages was the formative period in the history of the modern Western state.


Premise: Where does the Arctic tern migrate each year?

Hypothesis: The Arctic tern holds the long-distance migration record for birds, travelling between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic each year.


Premise: How many sites are throughout Raleigh?

Hypothesis: The Raleigh Parks and Recreation Department offers a wide variety of leisure opportunities at more than 150 sites throughout the city, which include: 8,100 acres (33 km2) of park land, 78 miles (126 km) of greenway, 22 community centers, a BMX championship-caliber race track, 112 tennis courts among 25 locations, 5 public lakes, and 8 public aquatic facilities.


Premise: What degree does not include simple formulas for cubic and quatric equations?

Hypothesis: Similar formulae are known for cubic and quartic equations, but do not exist in general for degree 5 and higher.


Premise: Why was Philip forced to withdraw in the east?

Hypothesis: John's operations became more chaotic as the campaign progressed, and Philip began to make steady progress in the east.


Premise: What happened when the UGLE was formed in 1813?

Hypothesis: When the UGLE was formed in 1813, all U.S.-based Lodges were stricken from their rolls – due largely to the War of 1812.


Premise: Which group did Presbyterian churches union with?

Hypothesis: Some Presbyterian churches have entered into unions with other churches, such as Congregationalists, Lutherans, Anglicans, and Methodists.


Premise: What is the name of the world's oldest humor magazine?

Hypothesis: Newspapers include the Yale Daily News, which was first published in 1878, and the weekly Yale Herald, which was first published in 1986.


Premise: What is a verified effect of vacuum fluctuation?

Hypothesis: Some experimentally verified effects of vacuum fluctuations include spontaneous emission and the Lamb shift.


Premise: In which year was a £178 billion investment made?

Hypothesis: The Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015 included £178 billion investment in new equipment and capabilities.


Premise: What is the Samkhya name for consciousness?

Hypothesis: It regards the universe as consisting of two realities; Puruṣa (consciousness) and prakriti (matter).


Premise: As of May 2015, how many Liberal Democrats sit in Parliament?

Hypothesis: The British Parliament is often referred to as the "Mother of Parliaments" (although this sobriquet was first applied to England itself by John Bright) because it has been the model for most other parliamentary systems.


Premise: Which television broadcasters produce art and cultural programming?

Hypothesis: The majority of local arts and cultural programming is produced by the Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation and BRT, with local arts documentaries, review programmes and filmed drama series.


Premise: How can't a finite set of statements be described?

Hypothesis: There is, however, no finite set of statements that are couched in purely sensory terms and can express the satisfaction of the condition of the presence of a normal observer.


Premise: The 19th century marks the foundation of many what?

Hypothesis: In the 19th century, musical institutions emerged from the control of wealthy patrons, as composers and musicians could construct lives independent of the nobility.


Premise: What does the recording industry call piracy?

Hypothesis: The electronic age has seen an increase in the attempt to use software-based digital rights management tools to restrict the copying and use of digitally based works.


Premise: Which other song from the soundtrack did better in the charts?

Hypothesis: Another of Beyoncé's contributions to the soundtrack, "Summertime", fared better on the US charts.


Premise: Charged ions can be used to produce what in glass?

Hypothesis: Ordinary soda-lime glass appears colorless to the naked eye when it is thin, although iron(II) oxide (FeO) impurities of up to 0.1 wt% produce a green tint, which can be viewed in thick pieces or with the aid of scientific instruments.


Premise: What caused a large migration of Greek refuges in the 1450s?

Hypothesis: The refugees brought with them Greek manuscripts, not only of Plato and Aristotle, but also of the Christian Gospels, previously unavailable in the Latin West.


Premise: 300 Linux kernel developers work here.

Hypothesis: IBM has also released code under different open source licenses, such as the platform-independent software framework Eclipse (worth approximately US$40 million at the time of the donation), the three-sentence International Components for Unicode (ICU) license, and the Java-based relational database management system (RDBMS)


Premise: What famous Roman figure visited Greece in 66 AD?

Hypothesis: Despite their military superiority, the Romans admired and became heavily influenced by the achievements of Greek culture, hence Horace's famous statement: Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit ("Greece, although captured, took its wild conqueror captive").


Premise: How many frequencies does the COMPASS system use?

Hypothesis: It now appears that Chinese COMPASS satellites will start transmitting in the E1, E2, E5B, and E6 bands before Europe's Galileo satellites and thus have primary rights to these frequency ranges.


Premise: What was the contemporary term for the set of civil laws created by Napoleon?

Hypothesis: The development of the code was a fundamental change in the nature of the civil law legal system with its stress on clearly written and accessible law.


Premise: What alloy can no longer be used in HASL because of restrictions on the use of one of its metal components?

Hypothesis: The places to which components will be mounted are typically plated, because untreated bare copper oxidizes quickly, and therefore is not readily solderable.


Premise: What was less standardized during the Baroque era?

Hypothesis: Whereas a classical era string quartet consists almost exclusively of two violins, a viola and a cello, a Baroque group accompanying a soloist or opera could include one of several different types of keyboard instruments (e.g., pipe organ, harpsichord, or clavichord), additional stringed chordal instruments (e.g., a lute) and an unspecified number of bass instruments performing the basso continuo bassline, including bowed strings, woodwinds and brass instruments (e.g., a cello, contrabass, viol, bassoon, serpent, etc.).


Premise: Who supervised the Gibson F-5's replication?

Hypothesis: Other makers from the Loar period and earlier include Lyon and Healy, Vega and Larson Brothers.


Premise: Which country had a flag in 1977 that was only green?

Hypothesis: It was the only national flag in the world with just one color and no design, insignia, or other details.


Premise: The National Communications Act is expected to create and invironment favorable for what?

Hypothesis: On March 22, 2012, the Somali Cabinet unanimously approved the National Communications Act, which paves the way for the establishment of a National Communications regulator in the broadcasting and telecommunications sectors.


Premise: For whom was the Grand Service made?

Hypothesis: On this grand occasion, all the state rooms are in use, as the royal family proceed through them, beginning at the great north doors of the Picture Gallery.


Premise: What is produced on a computer display when light from the green primary is mixed with some light from the blue primary?

Hypothesis: In additive color devices such as computer displays and televisions, one of the primary light sources is typically a narrow-spectrum yellowish-green of dominant wavelength ~550


Premise: What DuPont factory is located in the Richmond area?

Hypothesis: These include SunTrust Bank (based in Atlanta), Capital One Financial Corporation (officially based in McLean, Virginia, but founded in Richmond with its operations center and most employees in the Richmond area), and the medical and pharmaceutical giant McKesson (based in San Francisco).


Premise: Name one person that Jewish ancestry traced back to?

Hypothesis: Jacob and his family migrated to Ancient Egypt after being invited to live with Jacob's son Joseph by the Pharaoh himself.


Premise: By what percentage did Liberia's GDP reduced by during the civil war?

Hypothesis: This decline was accelerated by the outbreak of civil war in 1989; GDP was reduced by an estimated 90% between 1989 and 1995, one of the fastest declines in history.


Premise: What time system do some computer systems use to avoid the issues of changes in local time?

Hypothesis: These problems are compounded when the DST rules themselves change; software developers must test and perhaps modify many programs, and users must install updates and restart applications.


Premise: What helped cut down time standing in the queue for shelters?

Hypothesis: Tickets were issued for bunks in large shelters to reduce the amount of time spent queuing.


Premise: Between what years did worldwide renewable energy capacity grow at rates of 10 to 60 percent annually?

Hypothesis: The combination of government target-setting, policy support and stimulus funds is underpinning the renewable industry's rise and bringing the much needed transformation of our global energy system within reach."


Premise: Which dialect did writers and linguists of both Serbian and Croatian backgrounds wish to use as their common standard language?

Hypothesis: In 1850 Serbian and Croatian writers and linguists signed the Vienna Literary Agreement, declaring their intention to create a unified standard.


Premise: What else is navigation based on?

Hypothesis: Navigation is based on a variety of senses.


Premise: What borough had the lowest HDI score in the federal district?

Hypothesis: The only borough that did not present a high HDI was that of rural Milpa Alta which presented a "medium" HDI of .7984, far below all other boroughs (627th nationally while the rest stood in the top 200).


Premise: The narrowing of the emission spectrum in Quantum Dot LEDs allows them to do what?

Hypothesis: This allows quantum dot LEDs to create almost any color on the CIE diagram.


Premise: What was the total worldwide energy consumption in 2012?

Hypothesis: The United Nations Development Programme in its 2000 World Energy Assessment found that the annual potential of solar energy was 1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ).


Premise: Who was elected Prime Minister in 1999?

Hypothesis: The proposed state included the entirety of the Gaza Strip and over 90% of the West Bank with Jerusalem as a shared capital, although some argue that the plan was to annex areas which would lead to a cantonization of the West Bank into three blocs, which the Palestinian delegation likened to South African "bantustans", a loaded word that was disputed by the Israeli and American negotiators.


Premise: What was the name of the discs Edison introduced in 1909?

Hypothesis: In an attempt to head off the disc advantage, Edison introduced the Amberol cylinder in 1909, with a maximum playing time of 4½ minutes (at 160 rpm), which in turn were superseded by Blue Amberol Records, which had a playing surface made of celluloid, a plastic, which was far less fragile.


Premise: What is the catalog of contents of a particular species' genetic makeup?

Hypothesis: When people say that the genome of a sexually reproducing species has been "sequenced", typically they are referring to a determination of the sequences of one set of autosomes and one of each type of sex chromosome, which together represent both of the possible sexes.


Premise: What performs bidirectional data translation between two standards?

Hypothesis: For mice and keyboards with dual-protocol support, an adaptor that contains no logic circuitry may be used: the hardware in the USB keyboard or mouse is designed to detect whether it is connected to a USB or PS/2 port, and communicate using the appropriate protocol.


Premise: Who remains unaffected when a party's reservation is accepted by a second party?

Hypothesis: The objecting and opposing state essentially refuses to acknowledge the reserving state is a party to the treaty at all.


Premise: What Syrian anti-Nasser group lauched a coup?

Hypothesis: Addressing the UAR's breakup on 5 October, Nasser accepted personal responsibility and declared that Egypt would recognize an elected Syrian government.


Premise: How many jobs in the primary sector were in forestry or lumber production?

Hypothesis: The number of jobs in the primary sector was 203, of which 184 were in agriculture and 19 were in forestry or lumber production.


Premise: On what date in 2011 was the hold on Schwarzenegger's movie projects announced?

Hypothesis: On May 20, 2011, Schwarzenegger's entertainment counsel announced that all movie projects currently in development were being halted: "Schwarzenegger is focusing on personal matters and is not willing to commit to any production schedules or timelines".


Premise: What Valencian festivals were declared Celebrations of International Touristic Interest?

Hypothesis: In addition to these Valencia has hosted world-class events that helped shape the city's reputation and put it in the international spotlight, e.g., the Regional Exhibition of 1909, the 32nd and the 33rd America's Cup competitions, the European Grand Prix of Formula One auto racing, the Valencia Open 500 tennis tournament, and the Global Champions Tour of equestrian sports.


Premise: In addition to the Thornhill and Townhill Park districts, what other district has a council estate?

Hypothesis: Council estates are in the Weston, Thornhill and Townhill Park districts.


Premise: What did the 1960 changes to film speed measures lead to?

Hypothesis: Similar changes were applied to the DIN system with DIN 4512:1961-10 and the BS system with BS 1380:1963 in the following years.


Premise: Throughout the Roaring Twenties, what public beach in New Haven was a favored destination for tourists?

Hypothesis: The park remains popular among New Haveners, and is home to the Five Mile Point Lighthouse, constructed in 1847, and the Lighthouse Point Carousel, constructed in 1916.


Premise: What album did she re-release in Spanish?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé's music is generally R&B, but she also incorporates pop, soul and funk into her songs.


Premise: How are tags assigned if there are more hunters than game?

Hypothesis: In cases where there are more prospective hunters than the quota for that species, tags are usually assigned by lottery.


Premise: Who wrote The Planets?

Hypothesis: The euphonium is featured in a few late Romantic and 20th-century works, usually playing parts marked "tenor tuba", including Gustav Holst's The Planets, and Richard Strauss's Ein Heldenleben.


Premise: Water striders are part of what insect family?

Hypothesis: A few insects have evolved to walk on the surface of the water, especially members of the Gerridae family, commonly known as water striders.


Premise: Someone measuring the thickness of paper in the UK is likely to use what unit?

Hypothesis: Paper may be between 0.07 and 0.18 millimetres (0.0028 and 0.0071 in) thick.


Premise: How many Technische Universitäten make up the TU9 German Institutes of Technology?

Hypothesis: The nine largest and most renowned Technische Universitäten in Germany have formed TU9 German Institutes of Technology as community of interests.


Premise: Who separated the neighborhoods in the early 2000's?

Hypothesis: In the 2000s, an effort by the Downtown Raleigh Alliance was made to separate this area of the city into five smaller districts: Fayetteville Street, Moore Square, Glenwood South, Warehouse (Raleigh), and Capital District (Raleigh).


Premise: To whom did Nelson lose the party to in 2008?

Hypothesis: Abbott led the party to the 2010 federal election, which saw an increase in the Liberal Party vote and resulted in the first hung parliament since the 1940 election.


Premise: What was the name of the group that started Yale's library?

Hypothesis: Yale traces its beginnings to "An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School," passed by the General Court of the Colony of Connecticut on October 9, 1701, while meeting in New Haven.


Premise: Which rock band cited Beyonce on their third album?

Hypothesis: Nicki Minaj has stated that seeing Beyoncé's Pepsi commercial influenced her decision to appear in the company's 2012 global campaign.


Premise: What is the mandolin usually tuned to for Indian music?

Hypothesis: In Indian classical music and Indian light music, the mandolin, which bears little resemblance to the European mandolin, is usually tuned E-B-E-B.


Premise: At around what RMP do miniature grinders operate?

Hypothesis: Many vacuum cleaner and weed trimmer motors exceed 10,000 rpm, while many similar miniature grinders exceed 30,000 rpm.


Premise: What aspect of the fan base is one of the  reasons for large game attendance?

Hypothesis: The club's location, adjoining wealthy areas such as Canonbury and Barnsbury, mixed areas such as Islington, Holloway, Highbury, and the adjacent London Borough of Camden, and largely working-class areas such as Finsbury Park and Stoke Newington, has meant that Arsenal's supporters have come from a variety of social classes.


Premise: What years was the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia decorated with mosaics?

Hypothesis: The mosaics depicted the storm, portraits of members of the western and eastern imperial family and the bishop of Ravenna, Peter Chrysologus.


Premise: Where did Sonam Gyatso die?

Hypothesis: Sometime in August or September of that year, Sonam Gyatso's representative stationed with Altan Khan received a return letter and gift from the Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620), who also conferred upon Sonam Gyatso a title; this was the first official contact between a Dalai Lama and a government of China.


Premise: By what entities was the Portuguese economy bailed out?

Hypothesis: In the second decade of the 21st century the Portuguese economy suffered its most severe recession since the 1970s resulting in the country having to be bailed out by the European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund.


Premise: What became the administrative boundary between Israel and occupied territories?

Hypothesis: Jerusalem's boundaries were enlarged, incorporating East Jerusalem, and the 1949 Green Line became the administrative boundary between Israel and the occupied territories.


Premise: When does  Dirty Mas take place on the Monday before Ash Wednesday?

Hypothesis: J'ouvert, or "Dirty Mas", takes place before dawn on the Monday (known as Carnival Monday) before Ash Wednesday.


Premise: How much money in trade does Australia's largest and busiest seaport handle?

Hypothesis: The city is home to Australia's largest and busiest seaport which handles more than $75 billion in trade every year and 39% of the nation's container trade.


Premise: Where are oil and gas deposits located near Antarctica?

Hypothesis: The most valuable resources of Antarctica lie offshore, namely the oil and natural gas fields found in the Ross Sea in 1973.


Premise: Who founded Factory?

Hypothesis: During the initial punk era, a variety of entrepreneurs interested in local punk-influenced music scenes began founding independent record labels, including Rough Trade (founded by record shop owner Geoff Travis) and Factory (founded by Manchester-based television personality Tony Wilson).


Premise: What is the name of the yearly statement released by the MoD?

Hypothesis: The review set a defence policy with four primary missions for the Armed Forces:


Premise: When was the American Anthropological Association founded?

Hypothesis: Similar organizations in other countries followed: The American Anthropological Association in 1902, the Anthropological Society of Madrid (1865), the Anthropological Society of Vienna (1870), the Italian Society of Anthropology and Ethnology (1871), and many others subsequently.


Premise: A book with pictures with no captions that tell a story are called what?

Hypothesis: These storyboards are not intended as an end product and are rarely seen by the public.


Premise: What popular styles practice improvisation and ad libitum ornamentation?

Hypothesis: Another difference is that whereas most popular styles lend themselves to the song form, classical music has been noted for its development of highly sophisticated forms of instrumental music such as the concerto, symphony, sonata, and mixed vocal and instrumental styles such as opera which, since they are written down, can attain a high level of complexity.


Premise: Who's death caused this protest?

Hypothesis: Following the death of Freddie Gray, Beyoncé and Jay-Z, among other notable figures, met with his family.


Premise: How else can negative impacts of pesticides be reduced?

Hypothesis: In order to reduce negative impacts, it is desirable that pesticides be degradable or at least quickly deactivated in the environment.


Premise: What was the name of the fired Atari CEO?

Hypothesis: Atari's CEO Ray Kassar was fired the next month, so the deal went nowhere, and Nintendo decided to market its system on its own.g[›]


Premise: How many published reports of American volumes existed in 1810?

Hypothesis: But citations to English decisions gradually disappeared during the 19th century as American courts developed their own principles to resolve the legal problems of the American people.


Premise: What is a safety hazard to track workers?

Hypothesis: The lethal voltages on contact wires and third rails are a safety hazard to track workers, passengers and trespassers.


Premise: When had Edmund Chojecki translated portions of the Saragossa Manuscript into Polish from French?

Hypothesis: An example involves the novel The Saragossa Manuscript by the Polish aristocrat Jan Potocki (1761–1815), who wrote the novel in French and anonymously published fragments in 1804 and 1813–14.


Premise: What is hoped will strengthen the Tuvalu coast against sea level rise?

Hypothesis: The reefs at Funafuti have suffered damage, with 80 per cent of the coral becoming bleached as a consequence of the increase in ocean temperatures and ocean acidification.


Premise: Because zinc has a filled d-shell, its compounds are usually what?

Hypothesis: Because of this some of their salts have the same crystal structure and in circumstances where ionic radius is a determining factor zinc and magnesium chemistries have much in common.


Premise: In which century did Portugal see the arrival of Modernism?

Hypothesis: The 20th century saw the arrival of Modernism, and along with it came the most prominent Portuguese painters: Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso, who was heavily influenced by French painters, particularly by the Delaunays.


Premise: What body often runs pubs on the campuses of Canadian universities?

Hypothesis: Often these pubs are run by the student's union.


Premise: Where did the Qing find their officials?

Hypothesis: The early Qing emperors adopted the bureaucratic structures and institutions from the preceding Ming dynasty but split rule between Han Chinese and Manchus, with some positions also given to Mongols.


Premise: What did these flashes simulate?

Hypothesis: The hope was that, if it could deceive German bombardiers, it would draw more bombers away from the real target.


Premise: What did Pushkin reject from older Russian?

Hypothesis: Even modern readers of younger age may only experience slight difficulties understanding some words in Pushkin's texts, since relatively few words used by Pushkin have become archaic or changed meaning.


Premise: Who is Europe's longest serving Prime Minister?

Hypothesis: The current Estonian Prime Minister is Taavi Rõivas, who is the former Minister of Social Affairs and the head of the Estonian Reform Party.


Premise: Who originally gave Mattur village to Sanskrit scholars?

Hypothesis: The Mattur village in central Karnataka claims to have native speakers of Sanskrit among its population.


Premise: Between what years did worldwide renewable energy capacity grow at rates of 10 to 60 percent annually?

Hypothesis: During the five-years from the end of 2004 through 2009, worldwide renewable energy capacity grew at rates of 10–60 percent annually for many technologies.


Premise: Even during the 3rd dynasty, what was happening to the racial makeup of the region?

Hypothesis: Later, the 3rd dynasty of Ur under Ur-Nammu and Shulgi, whose power extended as far as southern Assyria, was the last great "Sumerian renaissance", but already the region was becoming more Semitic than Sumerian, with the rise in power of the Akkadian speaking Semites in Assyria and elsewhere, and the influx of waves of Semitic Martu (Amorites) who were to found several competing local powers including Isin, Larsa, Eshnunna and eventually Babylon.


Premise: What does each article heading usually encompass?

Hypothesis: After the preamble comes numbered articles, which contain the substance of the parties' actual agreement.


Premise: In what year did Hitler give the speech at Sportspalast?

Hypothesis: Regardless of the ability of the Luftwaffe to win air superiority, Adolf Hitler was frustrated that it was not happening quickly enough.


Premise: What part of Oklahoma is the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in?

Hypothesis: The Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge is the oldest and largest of nine national wildlife refuges in the state and was founded in 1901, encompassing 59,020 acres (238.8 km2).


Premise: Who was Hrothgar a descendant of?

Hypothesis: This passage describes how Hrothgar's legendary ancestor Scyld was found as a baby, washed ashore, and adopted by a noble family.


Premise: What is the discipline taught in mantiq courses?

Hypothesis: A regular curriculum includes courses in Arabic, tafsir (Qur'anic interpretation), sharīʻah (Islamic law), hadiths (recorded sayings and deeds of Muhammad), mantiq (logic), and Muslim history.


Premise: What is so well known about this period ?

Hypothesis: The classical period of Greek civilization covers a time spanning from the early 5th century BC to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BC (some authors prefer to split this period into 'Classical', from the end of the Persian wars to the end of the Peloponnesian War, and 'Fourth Century', up to the death of Alexander).


Premise: When did Microsoft release Internet Explorer?

Hypothesis: Microsoft responded with its Internet Explorer in 1995, also heavily influenced by Mosaic, initiating the industry's first browser war.


Premise: Who seems to be released from any art and religious conformities?

Hypothesis: In classical Greece the emphasis is not given to the illusive imaginative reality represented by the ideal forms, but to the analogies and the interaction of the members in the whole, a method created by Polykleitos.


Premise: Who said the 'war on terrorism' is 'an entire language of discourse'?

Hypothesis: Jackson cites among many examples a statement by John Ashcroft that "the attacks of September 11 drew a bright line of demarcation between the civil and the savage".


Premise: Where were "stacks" created with the LaserStack software used?

Hypothesis: Apple's HyperCard scripting language provided Macintosh computer users with a means to design databases of slides, animation, video and sounds from LaserDiscs and then to create interfaces for users to play specific content from the disc through software called LaserStacks.


Premise: Which student said Chopin made sure his students knew his legato, cantabile style of playing?

Hypothesis: Friederike Müller, a pupil of Chopin, wrote: "[His] playing was always noble and beautiful; his tones sang, whether in full forte or softest piano.


Premise: What is called the "Cruise Capital of the World"?

Hypothesis: It accommodates some of the world's largest cruise ships and operations, and is the busiest port in both passenger traffic and cruise lines.


Premise: How does Nigeria rank among the largest-population countries in the world?

Hypothesis: Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world.


Premise: Currency gradually disappeared around what year?

Hypothesis: While on one hand the Heian period was an unusually long period of peace, it can also be argued that the period weakened Japan economically and led to poverty for all but a tiny few of its inhabitants.


Premise: Of the universities in Hyderabad how many are state run?

Hypothesis: Osmania University, established in 1918, was the first university in Hyderabad and as of 2012[update] is India's second most popular institution for international students.


Premise: What was evolving over Roman paganism?

Hypothesis: Christianity was gradually evolving over Roman paganism, when the area stood under Byzantine rule.


Premise: In which Portugese region is there still visible English influence?

Hypothesis: Particularly in the Oporto region, there is visible English influence to this day.


Premise: What type of music do Foo Fighters and Harvey Danger perform?

Hypothesis: Seattle is considered the home of grunge music, having produced artists such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, and Mudhoney, all of whom reached international audiences in the early 1990s.


Premise: Where is the International Chopin Piano Competition held?

Hypothesis: The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland lists on its website over eighty societies world-wide devoted to the composer and his music.


Premise: What social group grew as a result of the industrial revolution?

Hypothesis: As the Industrial Revolution accelerated economy expansion, the affluent middle-class grew in size and wealth.


Premise: How much of Ireland's Russian speakers are Latvian citizens?

Hypothesis: Significant Russian-speaking groups also exist in Western Europe.


Premise: What is the lowest elevation in the British Isles?

Hypothesis: The Scottish Highlands in the northern part of Great Britain are mountainous, with Ben Nevis being the highest point on the islands at 1,343 m (4,406 ft).


Premise: When did rulers typically proclaim "clean slate" decrees?

Hypothesis: Customarily rulers did it at the beginning of the first full year of their reign, but they could also be proclaimed at times of military conflict or crop failure.


Premise: Which south-eastern suburb is home to Nintendo's Australian headquarters?

Hypothesis: The south-eastern suburb of Scoresby is home to Nintendo's Australian headquarters.


Premise: What is one country that contained considerable and prosperous towns during this time?

Hypothesis: Throughout Europe at this time there was a rapid growth in trade and an associated growth in towns.


Premise: When it is burned what does hydrogen make?

Hypothesis: Hydrogen gas was first artificially produced in the early 16th century, via the mixing of metals with acids.


Premise: When was the island discovered?

Hypothesis: The island was uninhabited when discovered by the Portuguese in 1502.


Premise: When was Detroit incorporated?

Hypothesis: Detroit's last mayor from the Republican Party was Louis Miriani, who served from 1957 to 1962.


Premise: Who is considered the most competent Serbian scientist on language?

Hypothesis: By far the most competent Serbian scientist on the Dubrovnik language issue, Milan Rešetar, who was born in Dubrovnik himself, wrote behalf of language characteristics: "The one who thinks that Croatian and Serbian are two separate languages must confess that Dubrovnik always (linguistically) used to be Serbian."


Premise: At what cool temperature is a beers flavor reduced?

Hypothesis: Chilling beer makes it more refreshing, though below 15.5 °C the chilling starts to reduce taste awareness and reduces it significantly below 10 °C (50 °F).


Premise: When did the Austroalpine peaks undergo their event?

Hypothesis: Flysch deposits in the Southern Alps of Lombardy probably occurred in the Cretaceous or later.


Premise: What caused the death of Julius Caesar's female offspring?

Hypothesis: Crassus led an ill-fated expedition with legions led by his son, Caesar's lieutenant, against the Kingdom of Parthia.


Premise: What does the bird leave on the walls of the cage?

Hypothesis: The orientation behaviour of the bird inside the cage is studied quantitatively using the distribution of marks that the bird leaves on the walls of the cage.


Premise: Where are "exhibition match" and "friendly match" not synonymous?

Hypothesis: The types described above as friendlies are not termed exhibition matches, while annual all-star matches such as those held in the US Major League Soccer or Japan's Japanese League are called exhibition matches rather than friendly matches.


Premise: By what other name is John Benetiz known?

Hypothesis: This was also a period of alternatives to nightclubs, the warehouse party, acid house, rave and outdoor festival scenes of the late 1980s and early 1990s were havens for the latest trends in electronic dance music, especially house and its ever-more hypnotic, synthetic offspring techno and trance, in clubs like the infamous Warsaw Ballroom better known as Warsaw and The Mix where DJs like david padilla (who was the resident DJ for both) and radio.


Premise: In what city was the 1876 Centennial Exposition?

Hypothesis: A short time later, his demonstration of an early telephone prototype at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia brought the telephone to international attention.


Premise: The winner also receives a management contract with which company?

Hypothesis: The winner receives a record deal with a major label, which may be for up to six albums, and secures a management contract with American Idol-affiliated 19 Management (which has the right of first refusal to sign all contestants), as well as various lucrative contracts.


Premise: What was the last husband of Jacquelyn Kennedy known for ?

Hypothesis: The Greek shipping tradition recovered during Ottoman rule when a substantial merchant middle class developed, which played an important part in the Greek War of Independence.


Premise: Why was Shtokavian suggested as a common language base?

Hypothesis: In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard language.


Premise: Which two Americans travelled to Europe during the Enlightenment and actively contributed to the scienific and political debate?

Hypothesis: The Americans Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson came to Europe during the period and contributed actively to the scientific and political debate, and the ideals of the Enlightenment were incorporated into the United States Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States.


Premise: What was the number of French prisoners?

Hypothesis: On the French side, the units holding St. Privat lost more than half their number in the village.


Premise: Advertisers switched from print ads to what to reach more customers?

Hypothesis: A number of the broadsheets in circulation subsequently closed down operations, as they were no longer able to cover printing costs in the face of the electronic revolution.


Premise: Shell has minor renewable energy activities in which two areas?

Hypothesis: Shell was vertically integrated and is active in every area of the oil and gas industry, including exploration and production, refining, distribution and marketing, petrochemicals, power generation and trading.


Premise: What is the photoelectric effect?

Hypothesis: The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons (called "photoelectrons") from a surface when light is shone on it.


Premise: What country are the Zargos Mountains located in?

Hypothesis: The earliest known chemical evidence of barley beer dates to circa 3500–3100 BC from the site of Godin Tepe in the Zagros Mountains of western Iran.


Premise: Why is the ability to boot write-locked SD cards with a USB adapter advantageous for?

Hypothesis: The ability to boot a write-locked SD card with a USB adapter is particularly advantageous for maintaining the integrity and non-corruptible, pristine state of the booting medium.


Premise: Most major airports provide commercial outlets for what?

Hypothesis: Most major airports provide commercial outlets for products and services.


Premise: In which state was Hidalgo's headless body buried?

Hypothesis: Hidalgo's headless body was first displayed outside the prison but then buried in the Church of St Francis in Chihuahua.


Premise: Where were the symbols carved on?

Hypothesis: These symbols, carved on pieces of bone and turtle shell being sold as "dragon bones" for medicinal purposes, were identified as Chinese writing by scholars in 1899.


Premise: Which Han commander died in the year 106 BC?

Hypothesis: The assault culminated in 119 BC at the Battle of Mobei, where the Han commanders Huo Qubing (d. 117 BC) and Wei Qing (d. 106 BC) forced the Xiongnu court to flee north of the Gobi Desert.


Premise: When did the Italian Unification occur?

Hypothesis: There is a lack of consensus on the exact dates for the beginning and the end of this period, but many scholars agree that the process began with the end of Napoleonic rule and the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and approximately ended with the Franco-Prussian War in 1871, though the last città irredente did not join the Kingdom of Italy until after World War I.


Premise: In terms of economy and geographic landscape what is the used for the two trop rocks ridges north nearby the city?

Hypothesis: These trap rocks are known respectively as East Rock and West Rock, and both serve as extensive parks.


Premise: In what country was Porter beer popular in 1721?

Hypothesis: This same beer later also became known as stout, though the word stout had been used as early as 1677.


Premise: From what languages does the word Aryao come?

Hypothesis: The term Iranian is applied to any language which descends from the ancestral Proto-Iranian language.


Premise: Which American actress was questioned at the Hong Kong airport?

Hypothesis: However, Galschiøt and two other people were denied entry to Hong Kong on April 26, 2008 due to "immigration reasons" and were forced to leave Hong Kong.


Premise: For what purpose can rooms be rented at the Royal Institute's building?

Hypothesis: Rooms are hired out for events.


Premise: How many unfinished pieces did Julian Fontana make into eight more opus numbers?

Hypothesis: At the request of the composer's mother and sisters, however, his musical executor Julian Fontana selected 23 unpublished piano pieces and grouped them into eight further opus numbers (Opp.


Premise: What group makes up 6 % of Houston's population?

Hypothesis: According to the 2010 Census, whites made up 51% of Houston's population; 26% of the total population were non-Hispanic whites.


Premise: What do critics claim people of color have?

Hypothesis: Critics note that people of color have limited media visibility.


Premise: Where are cytokinins produced?

Hypothesis: Zeatin is produced in roots and transported to shoots in the xylem where it promotes cell division, bud development, and the greening of chloroplasts.


Premise: Who recently researched the original observation of Neptune?

Hypothesis: In July 2009, University of Melbourne physicist David Jamieson announced new evidence suggesting that Galileo was at least aware that the 'star' he had observed had moved relative to the fixed stars.


Premise: How many members are in Greece's parliament?

Hypothesis: Legislative powers are exercised by a 300-member elective unicameral Parliament.


Premise: The second riot of 1876 happened when?

Hypothesis: With leadership by members of the antebellum free black community, historian Melinda Meeks Hennessy described the community as "unique" in being able to defend themselves without provoking "massive white retaliation", as occurred in numerous other areas during Reconstruction.


Premise: Media Transfer Protocol was designed by who?

Hypothesis: MTP was designed for use with portable media players, but it has since been adopted as the primary storage access protocol of the Android operating system from the version 4.1 Jelly Bean as well as Windows Phone 8 (Windows Phone 7 devices had used the Zune protocol which was an evolution of MTP).


Premise: Which century is considered by some as a "drab" period, however saw significant advancements in the practice of medicine, mathematics, and physics, the development of biological taxonomy, a new understanding of magnetism, and the maturation of chemistry as a discipline?

Hypothesis: The study of science, under the heading of natural philosophy, was divided into physics and a conglomerate grouping of chemistry and natural history, which included anatomy, biology, geology, mineralogy, and zoology.


Premise: What does USB 2.0 High-Speed Inter-Chip eliminate?

Hypothesis: USB 2.0 High-Speed Inter-Chip (HSIC) is a chip-to-chip variant of USB 2.0 that eliminates the conventional analog transceivers found in normal USB.


Premise: Aside from human beings, what creature's needs were traditionally seen to at inns?

Hypothesis: Many pubs use "Inn" in their name, either because they are long established former coaching inns, or to summon up a particular kind of image, or in many cases simply as a pun on the word "in", as in "The Welcome Inn", the name of many pubs in Scotland.


Premise: What school of thought serves as a model for canon theory?

Hypothesis: Canonical jurisprudential theory generally follows the principles of Aristotelian-Thomistic legal philosophy.


Premise: What type of drugs was Tulisa accused of supplying?

Hypothesis: Tulisa was cleared of supplying Class A drugs.


Premise: What does the foundation entity focus on

Hypothesis: The foundation section, based in Seattle, US, "focuses on improving health and alleviating extreme poverty," and its trustees are Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett.


Premise: What is another name to reference the multi-color white LED method?

Hypothesis: Hence the method is called multi-color white LEDs (sometimes referred to as RGB LEDs).


Premise: What reason did Sony give for taking out OtherOS?

Hypothesis: The removal caused some controversy; as the update removed officially advertised features from already sold products, and gave rise to several class action lawsuits aimed at making Sony return the feature or provide compensation.


Premise: What is the color rendering index of an incandescent light?

Hypothesis: Although inefficient, incandescent light bulbs have an advantage in applications where accurate color reproduction is important, since the continuous blackbody spectrum emitted from an incandescent light-bulb filament yields near-perfect color rendition, with a color rendering index of 100 (the best possible).


Premise: What language was the second half of the Bible originally written in ?

Hypothesis: During the first centuries after Jesus Christ, the New Testament was originally written in Koine Greek, which remains the liturgical language of the Greek Orthodox Church, and most of the early Christians and Church Fathers were Greek-speaking.


Premise: What has at times led to immense violence against Jehovah's Witnesses?

Hypothesis: Political and religious animosity against Jehovah's Witnesses has at times led to mob action and government oppression in various countries.


Premise: Whitehead's system as "philosophy of organism" became widely known as what term?

Hypothesis: Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and dependent on one another.


Premise: What model implies a second-order positive feedback?

Hypothesis: The latter models imply that changes in diversity are guided by a first-order positive feedback (more ancestors, more descendants) and/or a negative feedback arising from resource limitation.


Premise: What is the most prevalent type of climate nCalifornia?

Hypothesis: Much of California consists of a Mediterranean climate, with sometimes excessive rainfall from October–April and nearly no rain the rest of the year.


Premise: In what year did the population of New York reach an all-time high for the second time in this period?

Hypothesis: While a resurgence in the financial industry greatly improved the city's economic health in the 1980s, New York's crime rate continued to increase through that decade and into the beginning of the 1990s.


Premise: How many people signed a petition to boycott Sony Music in 2016?

Hypothesis: Kesha asked a New York City Supreme Court to free her from her contract with Sony Music but the court denied the request, prompting widespread public and media response.


Premise: How often are pigeons able to breed for the consumption process ?

Hypothesis: By this time, the adult pigeons will have laid and be incubating another pair of eggs and a prolific pair should produce two squabs every four weeks during a breeding season lasting several months.


Premise: What is one system that uses electromagnetic waves?

Hypothesis: Radio transmitters and receivers are used to convey signals (information) in systems including broadcast (audio) radio, television, mobile telephones, Wi-Fi (WLAN) data networks, trunk lines and point-to-point communications links (telephone, data networks), satellite links, many remote controlled devices such as garage door openers, and wireless remote sensors, among many others.


Premise: Who is the British Queen?

Hypothesis: Sixteen Commonwealth realms voluntarily continue to share the British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, as their head of state.


Premise: Where did Apollo go in winter?

Hypothesis: This contrast appears to be shown on the two sides of the Borghese Vase.


Premise: What United States city has the most cast iron architecture?

Hypothesis: Second only to New Orleans in its concentration of cast iron work, the city is home to a unique collection of cast iron porches, balconies, fences, and finials.


Premise: What causes increased pollution and levels of bacteria such as E. coli to rise in the Yarra River and its tributaries?

Hypothesis: It was subject to controversy and strict regulations among fears that beaches and marine wildlife could be affected by the disturbance of heavy metals and other industrial sediments.


Premise: What has remained on the books after they were ruled unconstitutional?

Hypothesis: Many federal and state statutes have remained on the books for decades after they were ruled to be unconstitutional.


Premise: Why did the plane have to land twice before reaching Bermuda?

Hypothesis: After several failed attempts, in 1930 the first aeroplane reached Bermuda.


Premise: Where were consumers going to buy devices other than online?

Hypothesis: Consumers had become the main drivers of PC sales in recent years, yet there had a decline in consumers purchasing PCs through the Web or on the phone, as increasing numbers were visiting consumer electronics retail stores to try out the devices first.


Premise: How were earthquakes simulated on the architectural models?

Hypothesis: Architectural models were built for tests, and the effects of an earthquake were simulated by marching troops around the models.


Premise: When were free elections held?

Hypothesis: After using the excuse of alleged irregularities to suspend the results of the elections as a pretext for holding on to power, President Kolingba came under intense pressure from GIBAFOR to establish a "Conseil National Politique Provisoire de la République" (Provisional National Political Council, CNPPR) and to set up a "Mixed Electoral Commission", which included representatives from all political parties.[citation needed]


Premise: When did Kino found the del Bac mission?

Hypothesis: Eventually the town came to be called "Tucson" and became a part of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821.


Premise: When was the second constitutional convention held?

Hypothesis: A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884.


Premise: What percent lower was Dell selling its notebooks in Taiwan?

Hypothesis: In July 2009, Dell apologized after drawing the ire of the Taiwanese Consumer Protection Commission for twice refusing to honour a flood of orders against unusually low prices offered on its Taiwanese website.


Premise: Dell is currently the #1 shipper of what?

Hypothesis: Dell is currently the #1 shipper of PC monitors in the world.


Premise: What do devotees follow during a particular religious celebration?

Hypothesis: One of the most popular comparsas of Fiesta de Carnaval is the male group comparsa, usually composed of notable men from the community who dress up in outlandish costumes or cross-dress and dance to compete for money and prizes.


Premise: What does affirmative action supposedly aim to do?

Hypothesis: "Job discrimination is grounded in prejudice and exclusion, whereas affirmative action is an effort to overcome prejudicial treatment through inclusion.


Premise: In Dowling v. United States, what did bootleg records NOT constitute?

Hypothesis: Instead, "interference with copyright does not easily equate with theft, conversion, or fraud.


Premise: Where is the Romansh culture located?

Hypothesis: The linguistically isolated Romansh culture in Graubünden in eastern Switzerland constitutes an exception, it survives only in the upper valleys of the Rhine and the Inn and strives to maintain its rare linguistic tradition.


Premise: What nationality was the critic who positively characterized Britain's postpunk scene in an 1980 Rolling Stone article?

Hypothesis: British post-punk entered the 1980s with support from members of the critical community—


Premise: According to Christianity, who is the "One"?

Hypothesis: Thus, man then directs his path to that One, and the love for, and of, Christ guides man's very nature to become centered on the One, and on his neighbor as well.


Premise: In which year was the Premier League awarded an International Trade award?

Hypothesis: In 2010 the Premier League was awarded the Queen's Award for Enterprise in the International Trade category for its outstanding contribution to international trade and the value it brings to English football and the United Kingdom's broadcasting industry.


Premise: What company did Dr. Edward Weston start?

Hypothesis: Before the advent of the ASA system, the system of Weston film speed ratings was introduced by Edward Faraday Weston (1878–1971) and his father Dr. Edward Weston (1850–1936), a British-born electrical engineer, industrialist and founder of the US-based Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation, with the Weston model 617, one of the earliest photo-electric exposure meters, in August 1932.


Premise: What type of educational plan does the Central Board of Secondary Education use in Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: Public and private schools in Hyderabad are governed by the Central Board of Secondary Education and follow a "10+2+3" plan.


Premise: What kind of structure does a filter bank have?

Hypothesis: Additionally, the combining of the two filter banks' outputs creates aliasing problems that must be handled partially by the "aliasing compensation" stage; however, that creates excess energy to be coded in the frequency domain, thereby decreasing coding efficiency.[citation needed]


Premise: What type of globe did Zhang Heng invent?

Hypothesis: Through their correspondence European scientists first learned about the Chinese science and culture.


Premise: What does the word Anabaptist describe?

Hypothesis: The early members of this movement did not accept the name Anabaptist, claiming that since infant baptism was unscriptural and null and void, the baptizing of believers was not a re-baptism but in fact their first real baptism.


Premise: What is a SSBI?

Hypothesis: The applicant must also hold American citizenship, be of high moral character, have a clean record, and hold at least a four-year bachelor's degree.


Premise: Who designed the Supermarine Spitfire?

Hypothesis: Its designer, R J Mitchell, lived in the Portswood area of Southampton, and his house is today marked with a blue plaque.


Premise: Socrate's what is a classic example of passive solar design?

Hypothesis: The most recent approaches to solar design use computer modeling tying together solar lighting, heating and ventilation systems in an integrated solar design package.


Premise: What area are scientists looking into regarding phosphor LED development?

Hypothesis: Among the challenges being faced to improve the efficiency of LED-based white light sources is the development of more efficient phosphors.


Premise: When did Japan hold the first of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Champtionship?

Hypothesis: The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s.


Premise: What percentage of ownership did Morgan Stanley hold in Revel Entertainment Group?

Hypothesis: Early in 2010 the New Jersey state legislature passed a bill offering tax incentives to attract new investors and complete the job, but a poll by Fairleigh Dickinson University's PublicMind released in March 2010 showed that three of five voters (60%) opposed the legislation, and two of three of those who opposed it "strongly" opposed it.


Premise: Aside from when they're speaking to Italians from their same town or region, where is a common place where Italians speak their regional language?

Hypothesis: In the early 20th century, the vast conscription of Italian men from all throughout Italy during World War I is credited with facilitating the diffusion of standard Italian among less educated Italian men, as these men from various regions with various regional languages were forced to communicate with each other in a common tongue while serving in the Italian military.


Premise: Where is the "Tardy Book" kept?

Hypothesis: A boy who is late for any division or other appointment may be required to sign "Tardy Book", a register kept in the School Office, between 7.35am and 7.45am, every morning for the duration of his sentence (typically three days).


Premise: Which battle did Confederate General Longstreet win in East Tennessee?

Hypothesis: It was a big blow to East Tennessee Confederate momentum, but Longstreet won the Battle of Bean's Station a few weeks later.


Premise: When power needed to be consolidated what was chosen to govern?

Hypothesis: The election privilege was usually limited to elites.


Premise: By what years were many of the great hotels suffering from high vacancy rates?

Hypothesis: By the late 1960s, many of the resort's once great hotels were suffering from embarrassing vacancy rates.


Premise: What part of the body is controlled by nuclei in the midbrain?

Hypothesis: Except for the muscles that control the eye, which are driven by nuclei in the midbrain, all the voluntary muscles in the body are directly innervated by motor neurons in the spinal cord and hindbrain.


Premise: What was the decisive battle in the Northwest territories against the native population there?

Hypothesis: This provoked a war in the Northwest Territory in which the U.S. forces performed poorly; the Battle of the Wabash in 1791 was the most severe defeat ever suffered by the United States at the hands of American Indians.


Premise: Who was brought in as a new judge during American Idols eighth season?

Hypothesis: In the first major change to the judging panel, a fourth judge, Kara DioGuardi, was introduced.


Premise: Who was Alberts father?

Hypothesis: Leopold, Victoria's mother, and Albert's father (Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) were siblings.


Premise: During the High Middle Ages, what percentage of the European population consisted of rural peasants?

Hypothesis: As much as 90 per cent of the European population remained rural peasants.


Premise: In 1956 the company demonstrated the first example of what?

Hypothesis: In 1956, the company demonstrated the first practical example of artificial intelligence when Arthur L. Samuel of IBM's Poughkeepsie, New York, laboratory programmed an IBM 704 not merely to play checkers but "learn" from its own experience.


Premise: The peace agreement was renamed what?

Hypothesis: A council of twenty-five barons would be created to monitor and ensure John's future adherence to the charter, whilst the rebel army would stand down and London would be surrendered to the king.


Premise: Grave site excavations near where Roman garrisons were established attest to the presence of Jews after what centuries?

Hypothesis: Sporadic epigraphic evidence in grave site excavations, particularly in Brigetio (Szőny), Aquincum (Óbuda), Intercisa (Dunaújváros), Triccinae (Sárvár), Savaria (Szombathely), Sopianae (Pécs), and Osijek in Croatia, attest to the presence of Jews after the 2nd and 3rd centuries where Roman garrisons were established, There was a sufficient number of Jews in Pannonia to form communities and build a synagogue.


Premise: What are the people who raise Digimon called?

Hypothesis: The franchise focuses on Digimon creatures, which are monsters living in a "Digital World", a parallel universe that originated from Earth's various communication networks.


Premise: On runways, what indicate the beginning of the runway for landing?

Hypothesis: Some airports have more complicated lighting on the runways including lights that run down the centerline of the runway and lights that help indicate the approach (an approach lighting system, or ALS).


Premise: Beside obesity, how else does the lack of a circadian clock effect   the mice?

Hypothesis: However, it is not clear whether there is a strong association between clock gene polymorphisms in humans and the susceptibility to develop the metabolic syndrome.


Premise: When did the Montevideo Cabildo become a National Heritage Site?

Hypothesis: Built between 1804 and 1869 in Neoclassical style, with a series of Doric and Ionic columns, it became a National Heritage Site in 1975.


Premise: How old was the hominid that was found in Eritrea?

Hypothesis: Dated to over 1 million years old, it is the oldest skeletal find of its kind and provides a link between hominids and the earliest anatomically modern humans.


Premise: What identifier did the Nazis make the Freemason prisioners wear?

Hypothesis: Masonic concentration camp inmates were graded as political prisoners and wore an inverted red triangle.


Premise: What key feature is not supported by the free version of Live?

Hypothesis: A Live Free account does not generally support multiplayer gaming; however, some games that have rather limited online functions already, (such as Viva Piñata) or games that feature their own subscription service (e.g. EA Sports games) can be played with a Free account.


Premise: What program was introduced in 2007 for season workers in New Zealand?

Hypothesis: New Zealand has an annual quota of 75 Tuvaluans granted work permits under the Pacific Access Category, as announced in 2001.


Premise: In what year did the Hudson's skyscraper close?

Hypothesis: After World War II Hudson's realized that the limited parking space at its downtown skyscraper would increasingly be a problem for its customers.


Premise: Was England successful in the 1990 FIFA World Cup?

Hypothesis: UEFA, European football's governing body, lifted the five-year ban on English clubs playing in European competitions in 1990 (resulting in Manchester United lifting the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1991) and the Taylor Report on stadium safety standards, which proposed expensive upgrades to create all-seater stadiums in the aftermath of the Hillsborough disaster, was published in January of that year.


Premise: How much of the Brazilian population identified as black in 2000?

Hypothesis: A 2007 genetic study found that at least 29% of the middle-class, white Brazilian population had some recent (since 1822 and the end of the colonial period)


Premise: What was the period of time in which Johannes Aavik was alive?

Hypothesis: In Aavik’s dictionary (1921), which lists approximately 4000 words, there are many words which were (allegedly) created ex nihilo, many of which are in common use today.


Premise: Prose literature can be sub-divided into what formats?

Hypothesis: Literature can be classified according to whether it is fiction or non-fiction and whether it is poetry or prose; it can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel, short story or drama; and works are often categorised according to historical periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations (genre).


Premise: How many mosaic panels from naos have survived?

Hypothesis: Although the mosaics of the naos have not survived except three panels, the decoration of the exonarthex and the esonarthex constitute the most important full-scale mosaic cycle in Constantinople after the Hagia Sophia.


Premise: Who did Waldemar Gurian receive his tutelage under while seeking his doctorate?

Hypothesis: Yves Simon (1903–61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882–73) was a frequent visitor to campus.


Premise: What are two low-energy compounds?

Hypothesis: Release of the energy stored during photosynthesis as heat or light may be triggered suddenly by a spark, in a forest fire, or it may be made available more slowly for animal or human metabolism, when these molecules are ingested, and catabolism is triggered by enzyme action.


Premise: According to German historian Reinhart Koselleck, which two social structures left a decisive imprint on the Age of Enlightenment?

Hypothesis: German historian Reinhart Koselleck claimed that "On the Continent there were two social structures that left a decisive imprint on the Age of Enlightenment: the Republic of Letters and the Masonic lodges.


Premise: Until what era did spells persist in the empire?

Hypothesis: Similar traditions existed throughout the empire, persisting until around the 7th century AD, well into the Christian era.


Premise: In what park is the American Airlines Arena located?

Hypothesis: The largest and most popular parks are Bayfront Park and Bicentennial Park (located in the heart of Downtown and the location of the American Airlines Arena and Bayside Marketplace), Tropical Park, Peacock Park, Morningside Park, Virginia Key, and Watson Island.


Premise: What is caldeirada?

Hypothesis: Two other popular fish recipes are grilled sardines and caldeirada, a potato-based stew that can be made from several types of fish.


Premise: Who finances European film co-productions?

Hypothesis: The film was awarded in 2012 with the Best Screenwriting and Best Photography award in London Greek Film Festival (UK) and was official selection in Montreal World Film Festival, Cairo International Film Festival, India International Film Festival, Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival, Fantasporto and opening film in the Panorama of European Cinema in Athens.


Premise: On what day did Duke William II of Normandy become King of England?

Hypothesis: Following his victory in the Battle of Hastings, William, Duke of Normandy, was crowned King of England in the newly finished Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066.


Premise: What does RDN stand for?

Hypothesis: Registered dietitian nutritionists (RDs or RDNs) are health professionals qualified to provide safe, evidence-based dietary advice which includes a review of what is eaten, a thorough review of nutritional health, and a personalized nutritional treatment plan.


Premise: For what organizations was Von Neumann a consultant after World War II?

Hypothesis: He was a consultant to a number of organizations, including the United States Air Force, the Armed Forces Special Weapons Project, and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.


Premise: What is the process used to harden the asphalt?

Hypothesis: Further processing is possible by "blowing" the product: namely reacting it with oxygen.


Premise: What river is Hyderabad next to?

Hypothesis: At an average altitude of 542 metres (1,778 ft), much of Hyderabad is situated on hilly terrain around artificial lakes, including Hussain Sagar—predating the city's founding—north of the city centre.


Premise: What do specialized predators and prey rely on to get the upper hand?

Hypothesis: The prey in turn, are often equally suited to escape that predator.


Premise: Where is the annual Boston Arts festival?

Hypothesis: They include the week-long Harborfest festivities and a Boston Pops concert accompanied by fireworks on the banks of the Charles River.


Premise: What magazine listed Comcast as one of its top places to work?

Hypothesis: The Boston Globe found Comcast to be that city's top place to work in 2009.


Premise: On October 16, 2008, how long did UBS predict the United States' recession would last?

Hypothesis: UBS quantified their expected recession durations on October 16: the Eurozone's would last two quarters, the United States' would last three quarters, and the United Kingdom's would last four quarters.


Premise: How could Kinsey have avoided losing this crucial information?

Hypothesis: Valuable information was lost by collapsing the two values into one final score.


Premise: What is it called when a mixed race person in recorded as negro in this census, even if only a fraction of their ancestry is black?

Hypothesis: In all situations in which a person had White and some other racial ancestry, he was to be reported as that other race.


Premise: Where did the July 15, 2011 meeting take place?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi responded to the announcement with a speech on Libyan national television, in which he called on supporters to "Trample on those recognitions, trample on them under your feet ...


Premise: Who was the first to fly the Silver Dart?

Hypothesis: On February 23, 1909, Bell was present as the Silver Dart flown by J.A.D. McCurdy from the frozen ice of Bras d'Or, made the first aircraft flight in Canada.


Premise: Who launched the first manned flight in a hot-air balloon in November 1783?

Hypothesis: The experiments of Lavoisier were used to create the first modern chemical plants in Paris, and the experiments of the Montgolfier Brothers enabled them to launch the first manned flight in a hot-air balloon on 21 November 1783, from the Château de la Muette, near the Bois de Boulogne.


Premise: If a site prevents Internet Archive from recording it, what file is still saved?

Hypothesis: Robots.txt is used as part of the Robots Exclusion Standard, a voluntary protocol the Internet Archive respects that disallows bots from indexing certain pages delineated by its creator as off-limits.


Premise: What was a major reason and justification for the Europian wars of religion?

Hypothesis: In France the Cathars grew to represent a popular mass movement and the belief was spreading to other areas.


Premise: When the merger was passed, what constituent college was created?

Hypothesis: In 1907, the newly established Board of Education found that greater capacity for higher technical education was needed and a proposal to merge the City and Guilds College, the Royal School of Mines and the Royal College of Science was approved and passed, creating The Imperial College of Science and Technology as a constituent college of the University of London.


Premise: What is the predominant language in the region of Alace?

Hypothesis: With a population of 768,868 in 2012, Strasbourg's metropolitan area (only the part of the metropolitan area on French territory) is the ninth largest in France and home to 13% of the ACAL region's inhabitants.


Premise: What provides the electricity to most light bulbs?

Hypothesis: Most bulbs are used in a socket which provides mechanical support and electrical connections.


Premise: In what year did Jerome Green send his first wireless message?

Hypothesis: In 1931, Father Julius Nieuwland performed early work on basic reactions that was used to create neoprene.


Premise: Who became president of Russia after Gorbachev left office?

Hypothesis: On the previous day, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union, resigned, declared his office extinct, and handed over its powers – including control of the Soviet nuclear missile launching codes – to Russian President Boris Yeltsin.


Premise: What was the total undergrad tuition for the 2012/2013 school year?

Hypothesis: Undergraduate tuition for the 2012/13 school year was $61,240; this includes the basic tuition of $43,380, fees (health $200, etc.), room and board of $13,329 (less if commuting), books and supplies $1,842, personal expenses $1,890, transportation cost of $400.


Premise: Which president declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US?

Hypothesis: In 1981, the MUSE system was demonstrated for the first time in the United States, using the same 5:3 aspect ratio as the Japanese system.


Premise: What type of mosaics were present in the church discovered in 1990?

Hypothesis: The most important one was uncovered in 1990.


Premise: What are the notable houses in Jaipur made from?

Hypothesis: Rajasthan's Jaipur Jantar Mantar, Mehrangarh Fort and Stepwell of Jodhpur, Dilwara Temples, Chittorgarh Fort, Lake Palace, miniature paintings in Bundi, and numerous city palaces and haveli's are part of the architectural heritage of India.


Premise: What modifies can Coulomb's Law in a vacuum?

Hypothesis: Coulomb's law and the electric potential in vacuum near an electric charge are modified.


Premise: What was the location of the pollution caused by GE in the Housatonic River?

Hypothesis: In 1983, New York State Attorney General Robert Abrams filed suit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York to compel GE to pay for the cleanup of what was claimed to be more than 100,000 tons of chemicals dumped from their plant in Waterford, New York.


Premise: How many suburbicarian sees?

Hypothesis: There are seven suburbicarian sees: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri.


Premise: How much lower is the Swazi Real GDP growth in comparison to other Southern African Customs Union members is Swaziland?

Hypothesis: Economic growth in Swaziland has lagged behind that of its neighbours.


Premise: When did the formation of the alps began?

Hypothesis: The formation of the Alps was a segment of this orogenic process, caused by the collision between the African and the Eurasian plates that began in the late Cretaceous Period.


Premise: What is the annual precipitation rate of coastal Antarctica?

Hypothesis: Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland.


Premise: What does LE stand for?

Hypothesis: MYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools)_EYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life)_GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita


Premise: How fast did the 1912 tornado outbreak make tornadoes?

Hypothesis: This type of phenomenon is also responsible for many of the tornadoes in the area, such as the 1912 Oklahoma tornado outbreak, when a warm front traveled along a stalled cold front, resulting in an average of about one tornado per hour over the course of a day.


Premise: How long did vertebrate recovery take?

Hypothesis: In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life.


Premise: What does CSAD stand for?

Hypothesis: Among its many activities CSAD numbers "a long-term project to create a library of digitised images of Greek inscriptions.


Premise: What can be shuffeled around during a soverign debt crisis to mitigate the damage?

Hypothesis: Most central banks prefer to move weak assets off their balance sheets with some kind of agreement as to how the debt will continue to be serviced.


Premise: Which official would wear a garment containing broad red striping?

Hypothesis: A knight or magistrate would wear an augusticlavus, a tunic bearing small purple studs.


Premise: What is Thuringia's highest mountain?

Hypothesis: South of the Thuringian Basin is the Land's largest mountain range, marked by the Thuringian Forest in the north-west, the Thuringian Highland in the middle and the Franconian Forest in the south-east.


Premise: How many people in the Southampton area receive hospital services from University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust?

Hypothesis: It provides local hospital services to 500,000 people in the Southampton area and specialist regional services to more than 3 million people across the South of England.


Premise: What is the name for a base with one or more contacts at the tip and one at the shell?

Hypothesis: Large lamps may have a screw base (one or more contacts at the tip, one at the shell) or a bayonet base (one or more contacts on the base, shell used as a contact or used only as a mechanical support).


Premise: According to a 2015 Gallup Poll, what percentage of Swiss people are convinced atheists?

Hypothesis: According to a 2015 poll by Gallup International, 12% of Swiss people self-identified as "convinced atheists."


Premise: Did Arians have one set of beliefs?

Hypothesis: Scholars now believe that the Arian Party was not monolithic, but held drastically different theological views that spanned the early Christian theological spectrum.


Premise: Where were Victoria and Albert honored guests at ball thrown by Napoleon III?

Hypothesis: Napoleon III met the couple at Dunkirk and accompanied them to Paris.


Premise: In millions, about how many global Somali speakers are there?

Hypothesis: The exact number of speakers of Somali is unknown.


Premise: What is the highest court in Brazil?

Hypothesis: It is both the constitutional court and the court of last resort in Brazilian law.


Premise: What is different about a "Public Safety Officer" that distiguishes the position from a policeman?

Hypothesis: Larger towns usually have their own local police and some villages rely on "Public Safety Officers" who have police training but do not carry firearms.


Premise: What type of position did Greeks come to hold in the Ottoman Empire ?

Hypothesis: In Greek-inhabited territory itself, Greeks came to play a leading role in the Ottoman Empire, due in part to the fact that the central hub of the empire, politically, culturally, and socially, was based on Western Thrace and Greek Macedonia, both in Northern Greece, and of course was centred on the mainly Greek-populated, former Byzantine capital, Constantinople.


Premise: What was replaced in the upgrade that was offered for 128k Macs?

Hypothesis: The Macintosh's minimal memory became apparent, even compared with other personal computers in 1984, and could not be expanded easily.


Premise: Who believed the Ming reappointed old Yuan dynasty officials in Tibet?

Hypothesis: Dawa Norbu argues that modern Chinese Communist historians tend to be in favor of the view that the Ming simply reappointed old Yuan dynasty officials in Tibet and perpetuated their rule of Tibet in this manner.


Premise: In Roman times, what two roads met at Valencia's centre?

Hypothesis: This was a typical Roman city in its conception, as it was located in a strategic location near the sea on a river island crossed by the Via Augusta, the imperial road that connected the province to Rome, the capital of the empire.


Premise: Architecture involves the creation of what?

Hypothesis: Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures.


Premise: Who was voted to get their cathedral back in 1990?

Hypothesis: On April 6, 1990, the Lviv City Council voted to return St. George Cathedral to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.


Premise: The episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno where Schwarzenegger announced his candidacy for Governor aired on what date?

Hypothesis: His candidacy immediately became national and international news, with media outlets dubbing him the "Governator" (referring to The Terminator movies, see above) and "The Running Man" (the name of another one of his films), and calling the recall election "Total Recall" (yet another movie starring Schwarzenegger).


Premise: What grades does the Rudlin Torah academy serve?

Hypothesis: There is an Orthodox Yeshivah K–12 school system known as Rudlin Torah academy, which also includes a post high-school program.


Premise: What newspaper was founded in 1935?

Hypothesis: Also founded in 1935 and based in Detroit the Michigan Chronicle is one of the oldest and most respected African-American weekly newspapers in America.


Premise: What did David Randall say about the Sun's AIDS story?

Hypothesis: Journalist David Randall argued in the textbook The Universal Journalist that The Sun's story was one of the worst cases of journalistic malpractice in recent history, putting its own readers in harm's way.


Premise: What percentage of Israeli Jews are people of Ashkenazi descent?

Hypothesis: During the first decades of Israel as a state, strong cultural conflict occurred between Sephardic and Ashkenazi Jews (mainly east European Ashkenazim).


Premise: Where is The Washington National Records Center located?

Hypothesis: The Washington National Records Center (WNRC), located in Suitland, Maryland is a large warehouse type facility which stores federal records which are still under the control of the creating agency.


Premise: When was the Rastrakuta Empire started?

Hypothesis: Founded by Dantidurga around 753, the Rashtrakuta Empire ruled from its capital at Manyakheta for almost two centuries.


Premise: Who now reports to the President?

Hypothesis: Before the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act was passed in the wake of the September 11 attacks, the FBI director would directly brief the President of the United States on any issues that arise from within the FBI.


Premise: What are the Somerset levels

Hypothesis: The Somerset Levels (or Somerset Levels and Moors as they are less commonly but more correctly known) are a sparsely populated wetland area of central Somerset, between the Quantock and Mendip hills.