Premise: Where were the strikes?

Hypothesis: From October 26–28, the Zelenyi Svit (Friends of the Earth – Ukraine) environmental association held its founding congress, and on October 27 the Ukrainian Supreme Soviet passed a law eliminating the special status of party and other official organizations.


Premise: Who approved the Korean War armistice that officially declared a ceasefire?

Hypothesis: With the United Nations' acceptance of India's proposed Korean War armistice, the KPA, the PVA, and the UN Command ceased fire with the battle line approximately at the 38th parallel.


Premise: What fruits are commonly used in foods?

Hypothesis: Cucumber and tomato are used widely in salads.


Premise: Which forms retained the long bony tails of their ancestors?

Hypothesis: While the earliest forms, such as Archaeopteryx and Jeholornis, retained the long bony tails of their ancestors, the tails of more advanced avialans were shortened with the advent of the pygostyle bone in the group Pygostylia.


Premise: Who disclosed the CIA's budget for 2005?

Hypothesis: As a result, it was revealed that CIA's annual budget in Fiscal Year 1963 was US $550 million (inflation-adjusted US$ 4.3 billion in 2016), and the overall intelligence budget in FY 1997 was US $26.6 billion (inflation-adjusted US$ 39.2 billion in 2016).


Premise: Where are Mesopotamian astronomical periods still used?

Hypothesis: Only a few astronomers' names are known, such as that of Kidinnu, a Chaldean astronomer and mathematician.


Premise: What is guaranteed to the states by the federal government?

Hypothesis: Under Article IV, Section Three of the United States Constitution, which outlines the relationship among the states, Congress has the power to admit new states to the union.


Premise: What would the end of umchwasho be marked with?

Hypothesis: After a number of years, when the girls had reached a marriageable age, they would perform labour service for the Queen Mother, ending with dancing and feasting.


Premise: How many nights did Beyoncé play at the resort?

Hypothesis: Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy.


Premise: What was a dpon-chen?

Hypothesis: If the Sakya lama ever came into conflict with the dpon-chen, the dpon-chen had the authority to send Chinese troops into the region.


Premise: What are they only two additions to Paris' administrative limits since 1860?

Hypothesis: The Seine département had been governing Paris and its suburbs since its creation in 1790, but the rising suburban population had made it difficult to govern as a unique entity.


Premise: How much water was produced by the plant?

Hypothesis: The plant, which had solar collection area of 4,700 m2 (51,000 sq ft), could produce up to 22,700 L (5,000 imp gal; 6,000 US gal) per day and operate for 40 years.


Premise: When did most Catalan speakers leave northern Catalonia?

Hypothesis: After the declaration of independence of Algeria in 1962, almost all the Catalan speakers fled to Northern Catalonia (as Pieds-Noirs) or Alacant.


Premise: What notable historical figure was involved in the Motion Picture Trust?

Hypothesis: Based on the Latham Loop used in cameras and projectors, along with other patents, the Trust collected fees on all aspects of movie production and exhibition, and attempted to enforce a monopoly on distribution.


Premise: In what year did The Times Literary Supplement begin publishing online?

Hypothesis: The Times and the TLS have continued to be co-owned, and as of 2012 the TLS is also published by News International and cooperates closely with The Times, with its online version hosted on The Times website, and its editorial offices based in Times House, Pennington Street, London.


Premise: What type of tolerances does the USB standard specify for compliant USB connectors?

Hypothesis: The USB standard specifies relatively loose tolerances for compliant USB connectors to minimize physical incompatibilities in connectors from different vendors.


Premise: What are some of the luminous efficacies of yellow phosphor based white LED compared to blue?

Hypothesis: The design and production of a light source or light fixture using a monochrome emitter with phosphor conversion is simpler and cheaper than a complex RGB system, and the majority of high-intensity white LEDs presently on the market are manufactured using phosphor light conversion.


Premise: How would Prussia's outcome affect Austria in the long run?

Hypothesis: The survival of Prussia as a first-rate power and the enhanced prestige of its king and its army, however, was potentially damaging in the long run to Austria's influence in Germany.


Premise: If diarrhea is stopped, would could happen?

Hypothesis: They cite in support of this argument research published in 1973 that found that treating Shigella with the anti-diarrhea drug (Co-phenotrope, Lomotil) caused people to stay feverish twice as long as those not so treated.


Premise: How are characters with diacritical marks represented?

Hypothesis: Unicode characters that map to precomposed glyphs can be used in many cases, thus avoiding the problem, but where no precomposed character has been encoded the problem can often be solved by using a specialist Unicode font such as Charis SIL that uses Graphite, OpenType, or AAT technologies for advanced rendering features.


Premise: What percentage of people in Burma are related by linguistically lines to the Khmer.

Hypothesis: Mon, who form 2% of the population, are ethno-linguistically related to the Khmer.


Premise: How much does hand washing reduce the chances of disease?

Hypothesis: Hand washing in developing countries, however, is compromised by poverty as acknowledged by the CDC: "Handwashing is integral to disease prevention in all parts of the world; however, access to soap and water is limited in a number of less developed countries.


Premise: How many Grammy awards did Beyoncé win for her first solo album?

Hypothesis: Managed by her father, Mathew Knowles, the group became one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time.


Premise: How many slaves were executed with Vesey?

Hypothesis: Soon after, Vesey was tried and executed, hanged in early July with five slaves.


Premise: What happened to the Slavic people of the Baltic?

Hypothesis: The Slavic people of the Teutonic-controlled Baltic were assimilated into German culture and eventually there were many intermarriages of Slavic and German families, including amongst the Prussia's aristocracy known as the Junkers.


Premise: Who is an example of a perdurantist?

Hypothesis: A perdurantist on the other hand holds that for a thing to exist through time is for it to exist as a continuous reality, and that when we consider the thing as a whole we must consider an aggregate of all its "temporal parts" or instances of existing.


Premise: What is the main mission of the ECB?

Hypothesis: The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as mandated in Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone.


Premise: What is the modern Welsh word for phramacist?

Hypothesis: Virgil's legacy in medieval Wales was such that the Welsh version of his name, Fferyllt or Pheryllt, became a generic term for magic-worker, and survives in the modern Welsh word for pharmacist, fferyllydd.


Premise: Was Jesus in the tomb exactly 72 hours?

Hypothesis: Some have argued that Jesus was crucified on Wednesday, not Friday, on the grounds of the mention of "three days and three nights" in Matthew before his resurrection, celebrated on Sunday.


Premise: What was "Baseball's Sad Lexicon" also known as?

Hypothesis: The poem is presented as a single, rueful stanza from the point of view of a New York Giants fan seeing the talented Chicago Cubs infield of shortstop Joe Tinker, second baseman Johnny Evers, and first baseman Frank Chance complete a double play.


Premise: Where did the Stonewall riots happen?

Hypothesis: The Stonewall riots were a series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations by members of the gay community against a police raid that took place in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan.


Premise: What did England rename New Netherland to?

Hypothesis: With the surrender of Fort Amsterdam in 1664, England gained control of the Dutch colony of New Netherland, renaming it New York.


Premise: Who in particular moved a Marxist analysis of commodity fetishism to the realm of consumption?

Hypothesis: Most of these took elements of Marxist economic analysis, but combined them with a more cultural or ideological emphasis.


Premise: What might the meaning of Euripides' tale be seen as a caution against?

Hypothesis: Euripides' tale of Artemis and Actaeon, for example, may be seen as a caution against disrespect of prey or impudent boasting.


Premise: What Industry was important in the late 18th and 19th century of North Somerset

Hypothesis: Further west, the Brendon Hills were mined for iron ore in the late 19th century; this was taken by the West Somerset Mineral Railway to Watchet Harbour for shipment to the furnaces at Ebbw Vale.


Premise: What did Darwin expect to see between species with the addition of artificial selection?

Hypothesis: Natural selection was expected to work very slowly in forming new species, but given the effectiveness of artificial selection, he could "see no limit to the amount of change, to the beauty and infinite complexity of the coadaptations between all organic beings, one with another and with their physical conditions of life, which may be effected in the long course of time by nature's power of selection".


Premise: Which church did Paul VI call "our beloved sister church"?

Hypothesis: Cardinal Augustin Bea, the head of the Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity, added at the end of the visit, "Let us move forward in Christ.


Premise: Excess zinc has what effect on plants?

Hypothesis: Zinc-deficient soil is cultivated in the cropland of about half of Turkey and India, a third of China, and most of Western Australia, and substantial responses to zinc fertilization have been reported in these areas.


Premise: What group of settlers established a site at Pioneer Square?

Hypothesis: After a difficult winter, most of the Denny Party relocated across Elliott Bay and claimed land a second time at the site of present-day Pioneer Square.


Premise: What are the average temperatures for summer?

Hypothesis: Summer days are usually warm and pleasant with average temperatures hovering between 15 and 25 °C (59 and 77 °F), and a fair amount of sunshine.


Premise: Which elected official had imperium powers?

Hypothesis: It also elected censors.


Premise: How did the USAMGIK respond to the uprisings?

Hypothesis: The USAMGIK declared martial law.


Premise: Orthodox Jewish groups reject what precedent?

Hypothesis: As such, Orthodox Jewish groups characterize non-Orthodox forms of Judaism as heretical; see the article on Relationships between Jewish religious movements.


Premise: What states have large communities of Czech Americans?

Hypothesis: With the exception of Spanish (the non-English language most commonly spoken at home nationwide), Czech was the most-common home language in over a dozen additional counties in Nebraska, Kansas, Texas, North Dakota and Minnesota.


Premise: Where do many Sanskrit texts survive?

Hypothesis: Many Sanskrit texts survive only in Tibetan collections of commentaries to the Buddhist teachings, the Tengyur.


Premise: Which minerals comprise 40 percent of those in the province?

Hypothesis: Nanjing is endowed with rich natural resources, which include more than 40 kinds of minerals.


Premise: What language is modern standard Italian derived from?

Hypothesis: Modern standard Italian itself is heavily based on the Latin-derived Florentine Tuscan language.


Premise: During ancient Greece, at what age were boys taught music?

Hypothesis: Boys were taught music from the age of six.


Premise: Who forbid to all servants of God hunting?

Hypothesis: says, "We forbid to all servants of God hunting and expeditions through the woods with hounds; and we also forbid them to keep hawks or falcons.


Premise: What was the value of the U.S. dollar no longer anchored to?

Hypothesis: The value of the U.S. dollar was therefore no longer anchored to gold, and it fell upon the Federal Reserve to maintain the value of the U.S. currency.


Premise: Which department did Popper found at the London School of Economics?

Hypothesis: Popper founded in 1946 the Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method at the London School of Economics and there lectured and influenced both Imre Lakatos and Paul Feyerabend, two of the foremost philosophers of science in the next generation of philosophy of science.


Premise: What did people who became ill with beri-beri have as their main food source?

Hypothesis: It turned out that the vast majority of sufferers were being fed milk that had been heat-treated (as suggested by Pasteur) to control bacterial disease.


Premise: What weapons were notably employed by the Swiss infantry?

Hypothesis: Armour continued to advance, spurred by the increasing power of crossbows, and plate armour was developed to protect soldiers from crossbows as well as the hand-held guns that were developed.


Premise: What is the purpose of contacts in the lamp socket?

Hypothesis: Large lamps may have a screw base (one or more contacts at the tip, one at the shell) or a bayonet base (one or more contacts on the base, shell used as a contact or used only as a mechanical support).


Premise: What quality of the PS3 Super Slim was the website Spong excited about?

Hypothesis: Gaming website Spong praised the new Super Slim's quietness, stating "The most noticeable noise comes when the drive seeks a new area of the disc, such as when starting to load a game, and this occurs infrequently.


Premise: Where lobbying is controlled, what does it provide for consideration to determine improper influencing?

Hypothesis: It can be difficult to make a distinction between this form of corruption and some forms of extreme and loosely regulated lobbying where for instance law- or decision-makers can freely "sell" their vote, decision power or influence to those lobbyists who offer the highest compensation, including where for instance the latter act on behalf of powerful clients such as industrial groups who want to avoid the passing of specific environmental, social, or other regulations perceived as too stringent, etc.


Premise: What group spends money to promote the language?

Hypothesis: According to the Statistical Institute of Catalonia in 2008 the Catalan language is the second most commonly used in Catalonia, after Spanish, as a native or self-defining language.


Premise: What is the libson treaty?

Hypothesis: Under the division of powers of the European Union in the Lisbon Treaty, powers which are not either exclusively of European competence or shared between EU and state as concurrent powers are retained by the constituent states.


Premise: What magazine did Beyoncé write a story for about her earlier hiatus?

Hypothesis: The fourth single "Love on Top" was a commercial success in the US.


Premise: Who supposedly cancelled a trip to Beijing in protest?

Hypothesis: The Indian media reported that India's Commerce Minister, Kamal Nath, cancelled an official trip to Beijing in protest, though both Nath and Chinese sources have denied it.


Premise: What governmental entity oversees London's city-wide administrative tier?

Hypothesis: City-wide administration is coordinated by the Greater London Authority (GLA), while local administration is carried out by 33 smaller authorities.


Premise: What weather condition increased?

Hypothesis: Sea levels began to rise during the Jurassic, which was probably caused by an increase in seafloor spreading.


Premise: How was the sacrifice to the gods below handled?

Hypothesis: Animal sacrifice usually took the form of a holocaust or burnt offering, and there was no shared banquet, as "the living cannot share a meal with the dead".


Premise: The algorithm defining artificial viscosity is a fundamental contribution to what area?

Hypothesis: For example, with Robert D. Richtmyer he developed an algorithm defining artificial viscosity that improved the understanding of shock waves.


Premise: What figures restore health?

Hypothesis: Link and Toon Link replenish arrows, Zelda and Sheik restore Link's health, and Ganondorf causes Link to take twice as much damage.


Premise: What method is used to cause a system to fail?

Hypothesis: It verifies that the software functions properly even when it receives invalid or unexpected inputs, thereby establishing the robustness of input validation and error-management routines.[citation needed]


Premise: What as the Paris Region's economy shifted towards?

Hypothesis: While the Paris economy is dominated by services, and employment in manufacturing sector has declined sharply, the region remains an important manufacturing centre, particularly for aeronautics, automobiles, and "eco" industries.


Premise: In what year did Elizabeth I ban religious plays?

Hypothesis: The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries.


Premise: What was the name of the first sulfonamine antibiotic?

Hypothesis: This work, also based in the testing of compounds available from the German dye industry, led to the development of Prontosil, the first representative of the sulfonamide class of antibiotics.


Premise: In addition to playing music, what other function can the iPod perform?

Hypothesis: Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices.


Premise: How many times was American Idol nominated for an Emmy?

Hypothesis: American Idol was nominated for the Emmy's Outstanding Reality Competition Program for nine years but never won.


Premise: What is the deepest gorge in the world?

Hypothesis: The spectacular Vikos Gorge, part of the Vikos-Aoos National Park in the Pindus range, is listed by the Guinness book of World Records as the deepest gorge in the world.


Premise: Towards the end of what year did That's Solent begin broadcasting?

Hypothesis: Until December 2004, the station's studios were located in the Northam area of the city on land reclaimed from the River Itchen.


Premise: What is the effect of a thicker filament on bulb temperature?

Hypothesis: Lower voltage lamps have a thicker filament, for the same power rating.


Premise: What type of yacht did Kerry buy?

Hypothesis: However, on July 27, 2010, Kerry stated he had yet to take legal possession of the boat, had not intended to avoid the taxes, and that when he took possession, he would pay the taxes whether he owed them or not.


Premise: What nickname is used for Everton's club supporters?

Hypothesis: The club's supporters are known as Evertonians.


Premise: Where did Plymouth's life expectancy rank out of the regions of South West England?

Hypothesis: A 2014 profile by the National Health Service showed Plymouth had higher than average levels of poverty and deprivation (26.2% of population among the poorest 20.4% nationally).


Premise: What was governing the polish tribes?

Hypothesis: The Polish tribes were internalized and organized around a unifying religious cult, governed by the wiec, an assembly of free tribesmen.


Premise: What were hired scribes known as?

Hypothesis: Because of a low literacy rate among the public (about 2–3% until the early 19th century and just about 15% at the end of 19th century),[citation needed] ordinary people had to hire scribes as "special request-writers" (arzuhâlcis) to be able to communicate with the government.


Premise: What is TRON?

Hypothesis: There have been several attempts to create alternative encodings that preserve the stylistic differences between Chinese, Japanese, and Korean characters in opposition to Unicode's policy of Han unification.


Premise: What year did The Strait Times (Singapore) start?

Hypothesis: The Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, including The Times of India (founded in 1838), The Straits Times (Singapore) (1845), The New York Times (1851), The Irish Times (1859), Le Temps (France) (1861-1942), the Cape Times (South Africa) (1872), the Los Angeles Times (1881), The Seattle Times (1891), The Manila Times (1898), The Daily Times (Malawi) (1900), El Tiempo (Colombia) (1911), The Canberra Times (1926), and The Times (Malta) (1935).


Premise: What is the name of CBS' Mexican record label?

Hypothesis: CBS only had the rights to the Columbia name in North America; therefore the international arm founded in 1961 and launched in 1962 utilized the "CBS Records" name only, with Philips Records distributing the label in Europe.


Premise: What is the longest Contiguous Coastline in the US

Hypothesis: Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil.


Premise: What causes a person to become separated from their "true self"?

Hypothesis: It also suggests that neurological development hinders actualizing the nature because a person becomes estranged from his or her true self.


Premise: When did the Gempei War begin?

Hypothesis: The Taira and the Minamoto clashed again in 1180, beginning the Gempei War, which ended in 1185.


Premise: How many American reported being of more than one race in the Census 2000?

Hypothesis: Data show that nearly seven million Americans identified as members of two or more races.


Premise: What was a motion that was enacted by the senate called?

Hypothesis: The senate passed decrees, which were called senatus consulta.


Premise: When was the Terry v. Ohio case?

Hypothesis: In Terry v. Ohio (1968) the court divided seizure into two parts, the investigatory stop and arrest.


Premise: What does a concentrated solar power system use?

Hypothesis: CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam.


Premise: What did Darwin do to show that he admired the cleric Charles Kingsley?

Hypothesis: In the second edition of January 1860, Darwin quoted Kingsley as "a celebrated cleric", and added the phrase "by the Creator" to the closing sentence, which from then on read "life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed by the Creator into a few forms or into one".


Premise: The number of books about religion in Paris from 1720 to 1780 dropped by what percentage?

Hypothesis: Literacy rates are difficult to gauge, but in France at least, the rates doubled over the course of the 18th century.


Premise: What does Wazir-e-Azam mean in English?

Hypothesis: In India, The Prime Minister is referred to as "Pradhan Mantri", meaning "prime minister".


Premise: What month and year was the black beret replaced?

Hypothesis: After years of complaints that it wasn't suited well for most work conditions, Army Chief of Staff General Martin Dempsey eliminated it for wear with the ACU in June 2011.


Premise: What type of eulogy is provided for the King?

Hypothesis: In the funeral house, the body of the King is surrounded by an honor guard and weeping concubines, crying over the loss of sexual pleasure brought about by his death.


Premise: What was Aiken's single release named?

Hypothesis: This Is the Night", as well as in their subsequent album releases.


Premise: What is the direction of transformations in energy?

Hypothesis: The direction of transformations in energy (what kind of energy is transformed to what other kind) is often determined by entropy (equal energy spread among all available degrees of freedom) considerations.


Premise: How were Banner's organized?

Hypothesis: It was in Qianlong's reign that the Qianlong Emperor, concerned about maintaining Manchu identity, re-emphasized Manchu ethnicity, ancestry, language, and culture in the Eight Banners and started a mass discharge of Han Bannermen from the Eight Banners, either asking them to voluntarily resign from the Banner rolls or striking their names off.


Premise: How does interchanging allophones of the same pheneme render words?

Hypothesis: The findings and insights of speech perception and articulation research complicate the traditional and somewhat intuitive idea of interchangeable allophones being perceived as the same phoneme.


Premise: List two reasons why Libya become an "international pariah."

Hypothesis: In 1977, Gaddafi dissolved the Republic and created a new socialist state, the Jamahiriya ("state of the masses").


Premise: When did the commercially successful post-punk bands begin to hit the scene?

Hypothesis: However, the first commercially successful bands – the Strokes, Franz Ferdinand, Interpol, Neils Children and Editors – surfaced in the late 1990s to early 2000s, as did several dance-oriented bands such as the Rapture, Radio 4 and LCD Soundsystem.


Premise: What percentage of the Tuvalu coral has become bleached?

Hypothesis: The reefs at Funafuti have suffered damage, with 80 per cent of the coral becoming bleached as a consequence of the increase in ocean temperatures and ocean acidification.


Premise: What negative stereotypes have emerged from this understanding?

Hypothesis: However, this understanding of homosexuality as sexual inversion was disputed at the time, and, through the second half of the twentieth century, gender identity came to be increasingly seen as a phenomenon distinct from sexual orientation.


Premise: What are antibiotics in chemical terms?

Hypothesis: Compounds that are still isolated from living organisms are the aminoglycosides, whereas other antibacterials—for example, the sulfonamides, the quinolones, and the oxazolidinones—are produced solely by chemical synthesis.


Premise: How many Special Operations Aviation Squadron are based at Petawawa?

Hypothesis: The command includes Joint Task Force 2 (JTF2), the Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit (CJIRU) based at CFB Trenton, as well as the Canadian Special Operations Regiment (CSOR) and 427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron (SOAS) based at CFB Petawawa.


Premise: What nations were occupied by the Axis?

Hypothesis: The policy of the U.S. Government ever since 1945 has been to treat Thailand not as a former enemy, but rather as a country which had been forced into certain actions by Japanese blackmail, before being occupied by Japanese troops.


Premise: Which UN Resolution called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to be linked via a loose federal structure under sovereignty of the Emperor?

Hypothesis: Following the adoption of UN Resolution 390A(V) in December 1950, Eritrea was federated with Ethiopia under the prompting of the United States.


Premise: When did Kurita pass through the San Bernardino Strait?

Hypothesis: Kurita passed through San Bernardino Strait at 03:00 on 25 October and headed along the coast of Samar.


Premise: What slowed down the growth of solar energy?

Hypothesis: In 1916 Shuman was quoted in the media advocating solar energy's utilization, saying:


Premise: Where are these types of school spreading across?

Hypothesis: Surveys suggest these types of schools are expanding across Africa and Asia.


Premise: In classical physics, an inertial reference frame is one in which an object without force does what?

Hypothesis: In classical physics, an inertial reference frame is one in which an object that experiences no forces does not accelerate.


Premise: How much of the Spanish population are Barcelona supporters?

Hypothesis: In Spain, about 25% of the population is said to be Barça sympathisers, second behind Real Madrid, supported by 32% of the population.


Premise: What Empire brought horses to the Americas?

Hypothesis: The re-introduction of the horse, extinct in the Americas for over 7500 years, had a profound impact on Native American culture in the Great Plains of North America and of Patagonia in South America.


Premise: What parts of a theory are unnecessary before the simple theory is falsified?

Hypothesis: Nor is it rational according to Popper to make instead the more complex assumption that the sun will rise until a given day, but will stop doing so the day after, or similar statements with additional conditions.


Premise: What kind of board does a university commonly have?

Hypothesis: However, they may have less independence from business corporations depending on the source of their finances.


Premise: What includes debris and nesting birds?

Hypothesis: Hazards to aircraft include debris, nesting birds, and reduced friction levels due to environmental conditions such as ice, snow, or rain.


Premise: On what date did Frédéric give his first performance at the Salle Pleyel?

Hypothesis: " On 26 February 1832 Chopin gave a debut Paris concert at the Salle Pleyel which drew universal admiration.


Premise: Why did English Freemasonry almost come to a halt in 1799?

Hypothesis: The Grand Masters of both the Moderns and the Antients Grand Lodges called on Prime Minister William Pitt (who was not a Freemason) and explained to him that Freemasonry was a supporter of the law and lawfully constituted authority and was much involved in charitable work.


Premise: How many institutes of technology in the Netherlands have converted into full-fledged universities in the past few decades?

Hypothesis: A list of all hogescholen in the Netherlands, including some which might be called polytechnics, can be found here.


Premise: When did the Dust Bowl begin?

Hypothesis: Over a twenty-year period ending in 1950, the state saw its only historical decline in population, dropping 6.9 percent as impoverished families migrated out of the state after the Dust Bowl.


Premise: Where was Sanskrit a learned language of the high classes?

Hypothesis: Knowledge of Sanskrit was a marker of social class and educational attainment in ancient India, and the language was taught mainly to members of the higher castes through the close analysis of Vyākaraṇins such as Pāṇini and Patanjali, who exhorted proper Sanskrit at all times, especially during ritual.


Premise: How many murders were there in 2014?

Hypothesis: Through December 20 each of 2014 and 2015, the Boston Police Department reported 52 and 39 homicides, respectively.


Premise: What is the name of the largest public library in Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: Literary development is further aided by state institutions such as the State Central Library, the largest public library in the state which was established in 1891, and other major libraries including the Sri Krishna Devaraya Andhra Bhasha Nilayam, the British Library and the Sundarayya Vignana Kendram.


Premise: What was the new name of the Seattle team?

Hypothesis: The Pilots relocated to Milwaukee, Wisconsin and became the Milwaukee Brewers for the 1970 season.


Premise: Fossils with teeth, clawed fingers and a long lizard-like tail have what type of characteristics?

Hypothesis: Archaeopteryx was the first fossil to display both clearly traditional reptilian characteristics: teeth, clawed fingers, and a long, lizard-like tail, as well as wings with flight feathers similar to those of modern birds.


Premise: What subjects has John B. Cobb, Jr. written books on other than process theology?

Hypothesis: John B. Cobb, Jr. is a process theologian who has also written books on biology and economics.


Premise: What levels make up the "sky lobby"?

Hypothesis: A bank of express elevators stop only on the sky lobby levels (36 and 60, upper-deck car), where tenants can transfer to "local" elevators.


Premise: What continent ranged over the majority of the southern hemisphere of earth in the Cambrian?

Hypothesis: Panthalassa covered most of the southern hemisphere, and minor oceans included the Proto-Tethys Ocean, Iapetus Ocean and Khanty Ocean.


Premise: Which has a longer playing time: PAL LaserDiscs or NTSC discs?

Hypothesis: PAL LaserDiscs have a slightly longer playing time than NTSC discs, but have fewer audio options.


Premise: What is Dawn French's job?

Hypothesis: The Right Stuff, and fictional President Bennett in Clear and Present Danger, was born in Plymouth.


Premise: What are the usual reasons for an automatic disqualification?

Hypothesis: Usually, the only offenses that the referee will see and immediately disqualify the match on (as opposed to having multiple offenses) are low blows, weapon usage, interference, or assaulting the referee.


Premise: How many parks are there approximately in Hanover?

Hypothesis: Some other popular sights are the Waterloo Column, the Laves House, the Wangenheim Palace, the Lower Saxony State Archives, the Hanover Playhouse, the Kröpcke Clock, the Anzeiger Tower Block, the Administration Building of the NORD/LB, the Cupola Hall of the Congress Centre, the Lower Saxony Stock, the Ministry of Finance, the Garten Church, the Luther Church, the Gehry Tower (designed by the American architect Frank O. Gehry), the specially designed Bus Stops, the Opera House, the Central Station, the Maschsee lake and the city forest Eilenriede, which is one of the largest of its kind in Europe.


Premise: What army invaded northeastern Burma?

Hypothesis: The Phayap Army sent troops to invade and occupy northeastern Burma, which was former Thai territory that had been annexed by Britain much earlier.


Premise: Who made the decision in 1989 to cut prices on Mac computers?

Hypothesis: It also did not help matters that during the previous year Jean-Louis Gassée had steadfastly refused to lower the profit margins on Mac computers.


Premise: What did the democratic-republican party believe in?

Hypothesis: The Democratic-Republicans mainly believed that: the Legislature had too much power (mainly because of the Necessary and Proper Clause) and that they were unchecked; the Executive had too much power, and that there was no check on the executive; a dictator would arise; and that a bill of rights should be coupled with the constitution to prevent a dictator (then believed to eventually be the president) from exploiting or tyrannizing citizens.


Premise: What state were the Seminoles moved to?

Hypothesis: It took long wars (1818–58) to finally defeat the Seminoles and move them to Oklahoma.


Premise: From which country did the Presbyterian Church of Vanuatu originate from?

Hypothesis: The Presbyterian Church in Vanuatu is the largest denomination in the country, with approximately one-third of the population of Vanuatu members of the church.


Premise: What year was the Platonic Academy founded?

Hypothesis: Plato founded the Platonic Academy in 387 BC, whose motto was "Let none unversed in geometry enter here", and turned out many notable philosophers.


Premise: In what year was General Electric formed?

Hypothesis: Around the same time, General Electric's Canadian counterpart, Canadian General Electric, was formed.


Premise: What Virginia Commonwealth University campus is near Virginia BioTechnology Research Park?

Hypothesis: Located adjacent to the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus of Virginia Commonwealth University, the park currently[when?


Premise: What type of light is ideal for traffic signals?

Hypothesis: Red or yellow LEDs are used in indicator and alphanumeric displays in environments where night vision must be retained: aircraft cockpits, submarine and ship bridges, astronomy observatories, and in the field, e.g. night time animal watching and military field use.


Premise: Who did Schwarzenegger choose as Chief of Staff?

Hypothesis: Schwarzenegger gradually moved towards a more politically moderate position, determined to build a winning legacy with only a short time to go until the next gubernatorial election.


Premise: Is this identifying factor for official citizens of Greece still in effect today ?

Hypothesis: A century later, when the Treaty of Lausanne was signed between Greece and Turkey in 1923, the two countries agreed to use religion as the determinant for ethnic identity for the purposes of population exchange, although most of the Greeks displaced (over a million of the total 1.5 million) had already been driven out by the time the agreement was signed.[note 1]


Premise: Who sent pirates to capture merchant ships?

Hypothesis: After the U.S.S. Philadelphia was captured in 1803, Lieutenant Stephen Decatur led a raid which successfully burned the captured ship, preventing Tripoli from using or selling it.


Premise: What BYU environment seems to surprise many visitors to BYU as well as to the Utah Valley?

Hypothesis: Many visitors to BYU, and Utah Valley as a whole, report being surprised by the culturally conservative environment.


Premise: What type of math did the Torpedo Data computer use to fire a torpedo at a moving target?

Hypothesis: By 1938 the United States Navy had developed an electromechanical analog computer small enough to use aboard a submarine.


Premise: About what percentage of Old English words are not present in Modern English?

Hypothesis: While indicating that the establishment of dates is an arbitrary process, Albert Baugh dates Old English from 450 to 1150, a period of full inflections, a synthetic language.


Premise: What type of societies were usually still successful after dealing with famine?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, agrarian communities generally proved successful, and their growth and the expansion of territory under cultivation continued.


Premise: What is the main driver of reduced costs?

Hypothesis: As of 2014, China leads the world in the production and use of wind power, solar photovoltaic power and smart grid technologies, generating almost as much water, wind and solar energy as all of France and Germany's power plants combined.


Premise: How many North Carolina mountain men fought at King's Mountain?

Hypothesis: A major American victory in the war took place at King's Mountain along the North Carolina–South Carolina border; on October 7, 1780, a force of 1000 mountain men from western North Carolina (including what is today the state of Tennessee)and Southwest Virginia overwhelmed a force of some 1000 British troops led by Major Patrick Ferguson.


Premise: Where stunt scenes on the Thames shot during the day or the night?

Hypothesis: Stunt scenes involving Craig and Seydoux on a speedboat as well as a low flying helicopter near Westminster Bridge were shot at night, with filming temporarily closing both Westminster and Lambeth Bridges.


Premise: Who improved the steam engine?

Hypothesis: Matthew Boulton and James Watt's improvements to the steam engine were fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both the Kingdom of Great Britain and the world.


Premise: Name one actor that Madonna was inspired by?

Hypothesis: During her childhood, Madonna was inspired by actors, later saying, "I loved Carole Lombard and Judy Holliday and Marilyn Monroe.


Premise: What are Hamburg and Berlin called?

Hypothesis: Germany is a federal republic consisting of sixteen federal states (German: Bundesland, or Land).[a]


Premise: What is a religion that believes that all religions are correct?

Hypothesis: A pluralist typically believes that his religion is the right one, but does not deny the partial truth of other religions.


Premise: Who did the British deport from Lie Saint-Jean?

Hypothesis: The British also continued the process of deporting the Acadian population with a wave of major operations against Île Saint-Jean (present-day Prince Edward Island), the St. John River valley, and the Petitcodiac River valley.


Premise: What is the name of Queen's drummer?

Hypothesis: The band's drummer Roger Taylor commented; "We never thought we would tour again, Paul [Rodgers] came along by chance and we seemed to have a chemistry.


Premise: What species do aspen, cottonwood, and poplar trees belong to?

Hypothesis: Some species, such as walnut and cherry, are on the border between the two classes, forming an intermediate group.[citation needed]


Premise: Which event on the Orthodox calendar is related to Mary and icon veneration?

Hypothesis: The Sunday of Orthodoxy directly links the Virgin Mary's identity as Mother of God with icon veneration.


Premise: What aspects of buildings did science and engineering have an effect on?

Hypothesis: At this stage, it was still possible for an artist to design a bridge as the level of structural calculations involved was within the scope of the generalist.


Premise: How many tons of cargo does the Tulsa Port of Catoosa ship annually?

Hypothesis: Two inland ports on rivers serve Oklahoma: the Port of Muskogee and the Tulsa Port of Catoosa.


Premise: What was a neologism expressing the introduction of new ideas via translation?

Hypothesis: No longer was legitimate knowledge defined by texts in the religious schools, interpreted for the most part with stultifying literalness.


Premise: When did Vote for the Girls start?

Hypothesis: The mechanism of voting had also aroused considerable criticisms, most notably in season two when Ruben Studdard beat Clay Aiken in a close vote, and in season eight, when the massive increase in text votes (100 million more text votes than season 7) fueled the texting controversy.


Premise: New Haven is adjacent to what part of the national highway?

Hypothesis: New Haven lies at the intersection of Interstate 95 on the coast—which provides access southwards and/or westwards to the western coast of Connecticut and to New York City, and eastwards to the eastern Connecticut shoreline, Rhode Island, and eastern Massachusetts—and Interstate 91, which leads northward to the interior of Massachusetts and Vermont and the Canadian border.


Premise: Is the airway obstuction reversable in asthma?

Hypothesis: Although asthma is a chronic obstructive condition, it is not considered as a part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as this term refers specifically to combinations of disease that are irreversible such as bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema.


Premise: In what film did Spielberg address terrorism?

Hypothesis: His other films include Close Encounters of the Third Kind, the Indiana Jones film series, and A.I. Artificial Intelligence.


Premise: From where does the practice of linking various gods into grouping come?

Hypothesis: Jupiter, the most powerful of all gods and "the fount of the auspices upon which the relationship of the city with the gods rested", consistently personified the divine authority of Rome's highest offices, internal organization and external relations.


Premise: When was the Restatement (Second) of Torts beginning to be adopted outside of the United States?

Hypothesis: Outside the U.S., the rule was adopted by the European Economic Community in the Product Liability Directive of July 1985 by Australia in July 1992 and by Japan in June 1994.


Premise: What does the dense population make difficult

Hypothesis: Utrecht is the centre of a densely populated area, which makes concise definitions of its agglomeration difficult, and somewhat arbitrary.


Premise: In what environment were many of the first human settlements?

Hypothesis: Early human settlements were mostly rural.


Premise: What is one thing that can be used to pull pests?

Hypothesis: "Pull" means that certain stimuli (semiochemical stimuli, pheromones, food additives, visual stimuli, genetically altered plants, etc.) are used to attract pests to trap crops where they will be killed.


Premise: What size currency are the new smaller notes similar to?

Hypothesis: Today, USD notes are made from cotton fiber paper, unlike most common paper, which is made of wood fiber.


Premise: Where were the Limen Slavs located before Kievan Rus?

Hypothesis: Prior to the emergence of Kievan Rus' in the 9th century AD, the lands between the Baltic Sea and Black Sea were primarily populated by eastern Slavic tribes.


Premise: What was Droysen's work called that explained the era?

Hypothesis: Although words related in form or meaning, e.g. Hellenist (Ancient Greek: Ἑλληνιστής, Hellēnistēs), have been attested since ancient times, it was J. G. Droysen in the mid-19th century, who in his classic work Geschichte des Hellenismus, i.e. History of Hellenism, coined the term Hellenistic to refer to and define the period when Greek culture spread in the non-Greek world after Alexander’s conquest.


Premise: Because of his conflicts with the emperors, how was he known?

Hypothesis: Roman emperor Constantine the Great had convened the council in May–August 325 to address the Arian position that the Son of God, Jesus of Nazareth, is of a distinct substance from the Father.


Premise: When did Lomonosov study Russian dialects?

Hypothesis: Among the first to study Russian dialects was Lomonosov in the 18th century.


Premise: What is the active voice sometimes shifted to when needed?

Hypothesis: The particular syntax (sentence-structure) characteristics of a text's source language are adjusted to the syntactic requirements of the target language.


Premise: What was the case that used Jefferson's letter?

Hypothesis: Jefferson's letter entered American jurisprudence in the 1878 Mormon polygamy case Reynolds v. U.S., in which the court cited Jefferson and Madison, seeking a legal definition for the word religion.


Premise: The Hangzhou Bay Bridge goes between Haiyan County and where else?

Hypothesis: Ningbo, Wenzhou, Taizhou and Zhoushan are important commercial ports.


Premise: What are gravitational waves?

Hypothesis: Whitehead's view has now been rendered obsolete, with the discovery of gravitational waves.


Premise: What caused the start of the Korean War?

Hypothesis: The war arose from the division of Korea at the end of World War II and from the global tensions of the Cold War that developed immediately afterwards.


Premise: Who is the Transport Minister in Canada?

Hypothesis: On February 18, 2015, Canadian Transport Minister Lisa Raitt announced that Canada has agreed to pay the entire cost to build a $250 million U.S. Customs plaza adjacent to the planned new Detroit–Windsor bridge, now the Gordie Howe International Bridge.


Premise: Hokkien morphemes are not always what?

Hypothesis: In addition, some characters have multiple and unrelated pronunciations, adapted to represent Hokkien words.


Premise: What device allows backing up SNES games?

Hypothesis: Proponents of SNES emulation cite discontinued production of the SNES constituting abandonware status, the right of the owner of the respective game to make a personal backup via devices such as the Retrode, space shifting for private use, the desire to develop homebrew games for the system, the frailty of SNES ROM cartridges and consoles, and the lack of certain foreign imports.


Premise: Where did South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with Avar invaders?

Hypothesis: In the Western Balkans, South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with Avar invaders, eventually producing a Slavicized population.[citation needed]


Premise: Who was Hart's writing partner?

Hypothesis: Wealthy business magnates in the 19th century built a network of major cultural institutions, such as the famed Carnegie Hall and The Metropolitan Museum of Art, that would become internationally established.


Premise: In which season did Coca-Cola become a sponsor of American Idol?

Hypothesis: Ford Motor Company and Coca-Cola were two of the first sponsors of American Idol in its first season.


Premise: What was Eritrea chosen to be by the Italian government during the Italian Empire?

Hypothesis: This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a "new Roman Empire".


Premise: What format has never been implemented on CDs?

Hypothesis: Monaural audio has no existing standard on a Red Book CD; thus, mono source material is usually presented as two identical channels in a standard Red Book stereo track (i.e., mirrored mono); an MP3 CD, however, can have audio file formats with mono sound.


Premise: what texts were legislated by the Tanarim and Amoraim?

Hypothesis: Orthodox Judaism is the approach to religious Judaism which subscribes to a tradition of mass revelation and adheres to the interpretation and application of the laws and ethics of the Torah as legislated in the Talmudic texts by the Tanaim and Amoraim.


Premise: What publisher did Marvel first license its characters to for novelization?

Hypothesis: Marvel first licensed two prose novels to Bantam Books, who printed The Avengers Battle the Earth Wrecker by Otto Binder (1967) and Captain America:


Premise: Which two countries positioned themselves to broker a deal returning to a pre-1930’s treaty with each other?

Hypothesis: From April–July, Soviet and German officials made statements regarding the potential for the beginning of political negotiations, while no actual negotiations took place during that time period.


Premise: During what ceremony were shots fired at the Queen?

Hypothesis: During the 1981 Trooping the Colour ceremony and only six weeks before the wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer, six shots were fired at the Queen from close range as she rode down The Mall on her horse, Burmese.


Premise: What methods, applied to the study of history, led to the perception of the Middle Ages as a time of recession and crisis?

Hypothesis: Yet it was his Dutch colleague, Johan Huizinga, who was primarily responsible for popularising the pessimistic view of the Late Middle Ages, with his book The Autumn of the Middle Ages (1919).


Premise: What did Business Insider call San Diego in 2013?

Hypothesis: According to Forbes magazine, San Diego was the ninth-safest city in the top 10 list of safest cities in the U.S. in 2010.


Premise: About whom was Elizabeth worried in the 1970s?

Hypothesis: She was particularly interested after the failure of Bill C-60, which would have affected her role as head of state.


Premise: How can migrating birds lose their way?

Hypothesis: This can be due to flying past their destinations as in the "spring overshoot" in which birds returning to their breeding areas overshoot and end up further north than intended.


Premise: Which group created the legalism, the supervision of the orders of the gods, and the demand for moderation and harmony?

Hypothesis: The Greeks created the legalism, the supervision of the orders of the gods, and the demand for moderation and harmony.


Premise: Where does Guinea-Bissau get its hot dry winds from?

Hypothesis: The terrain of is mostly low coastal plain with swamps of Guinean mangroves rising to Guinean forest-savanna mosaic in the east.


Premise: What type of educational institute is Hesburgh given credit for creating at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: In the mid-1960s Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College developed a co-exchange program whereby several hundred students took classes not offered at their home institution, an arrangement that added undergraduate women to a campus that already had a few women in the graduate schools.


Premise: What would you describe the shape of the football?

Hypothesis: The game is played using a spherical ball of 68.5–69.5 cm (27.0–27.4 in) circumference, known as the football (or soccer ball).


Premise: What type of music plays a big part in the culture of Rajasthan?

Hypothesis: The Ghoomar dance from Jodhpur Marwar and Kalbeliya dance of Jaisalmer have gained international recognition.


Premise: What was the annual fee paid by the burgesses of Southampton for the rights of custom and toll laid out in the charter of 1199?

Hypothesis: Southampton as a Port and city has had a long history of administrative independence of the surrounding County; as far back as the reign of King John the town and its port were removed from the writ of the King's Sheriff in Hampshire and the rights of custom and toll were granted by the King to the burgesses of Southampton over the port of Southampton and the Port of Portsmouth; this tax farm was granted for an annual fee of £200 in the charter dated at Orival on 29 June 1199.


Premise: What group notably murdered Libyan diplomats?

Hypothesis: Following Gaddafi's command to kill these "stray dogs", under Colonel Younis Bilgasim's leadership, the Revolutionary Committees set up overseas branches to suppress counter-revolutionary activity, assassinating various dissidents.


Premise: Tenuis stops have letters that are representative of English voiced consonant in what?

Hypothesis: In pinyin, tenuis stops are written with letters that represent voiced consonants in English, and aspirated stops with letters that represent voiceless consonants.


Premise: Was France's 819 line system in color?

Hypothesis: In 1949, France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system (with 737 active lines).


Premise: Who was Princess Victoria widowed from?

Hypothesis: Feodora (1807–1872)—by her first marriage to the Prince of Leiningen.


Premise: What was the winning party?

Hypothesis: When a second round of elections were finally held in 1993, again with the help of the international community coordinated by GIBAFOR, Ange-Félix Patassé won in the second round of voting with 53% of the vote while Goumba won 45.6%.


Premise: What African group did Nasser help to form?

Hypothesis: Beginning in 1958, Nasser had a key role in the discussions among African leaders that led to the establishment of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in 1963.


Premise: What is one type of pesticide?

Hypothesis: Another way to think about pesticides is to consider those that are chemical pesticides or are derived from a common source or production method.


Premise: What USDA hardiness zone is Santa Monica located in?

Hypothesis: Classified as a Subtropical Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb), Santa Monica enjoys an average of 310 days of sunshine a year.


Premise: How many lay vicars are there?

Hypothesis: Together with the clergy and Receiver General and Chapter Clerk, various lay officers constitute the college, including the Organist and Master of the Choristers, the Registrar, the Auditor, the Legal Secretary, the Surveyor of the Fabric, the Head Master of the choir school, the Keeper of the Muniments and the Clerk of the Works, as well as 12 lay vicars, 10 choristers and the High Steward and High Bailiff.


Premise: Who was Queen Victorias father?

Hypothesis: Both the Duke of Kent and King George III died in 1820, and Victoria was raised under close supervision by her German-born mother Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.


Premise: Despite being a sanctuary city, what program does San Diego county participate in?

Hypothesis: The City of San Diego is responsible for police, public safety, streets, water and sewer service, planning and zoning, and similar services within its borders.


Premise: What are some uses for Blue Lias

Hypothesis: Bath stone is still used on a reduced scale today, but more often as a cladding rather than a structural material.


Premise: Roughly 90% of what group were pushed from their homes or ethnically cleansed during the Caucasian Wars?

Hypothesis: The Crimean War (1853–1856) was part of a long-running contest between the major European powers for influence over territories of the declining Ottoman Empire.


Premise: Other than Asian students, who else was allegedly being discriminated against?

Hypothesis: The UNC-Chapel Hill lawsuit alleges discrimination against white and Asian students, while the Harvard lawsuit focuses on discrimination against Asian applicants.


Premise: Where was the Armenian Mosaic found in Jerusalem?

Hypothesis: Jerusalem with its many holy places probably had the highest concentration of mosaic-covered churches but very few of them survived the subsequent waves of destructions.


Premise: Is amnesia only seen in one form?

Hypothesis: There are many sorts of amnesia, and by studying their different forms, it has become possible to observe apparent defects in individual sub-systems of the brain's memory systems, and thus hypothesize their function in the normally working brain.


Premise: What was the first song released by Carrie Underwood after winning American Idol?

Hypothesis: Underwood has since sold 65 million records worldwide, and become the most successful Idol contestant in the U.S., selling over 14 million albums copies in the U.S. and has more  Underwood has won seven Grammy Awards, the most Grammys by an "American Idol" alumnus.


Premise: What was Stop Hinkley

Hypothesis: A protest group, Stop Hinkley, was formed to campaign for the closure of Hinkley Point B and oppose any expansion at the Hinkley Point site.


Premise: What did  seismologist Gary Gibson have to say about the prediction of the quake?

Hypothesis: Seismologist Gary Gibson of Monash University in Australia told Deutsche Presse-Agentur that he also did not see anything that could be regarded as having 'predicted' the earthquake's occurrence.


Premise: What other US city was linked to Atlantic City by the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service?

Hypothesis: The city was incorporated in 1854, the same year in which the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service began.


Premise: Which park has a multi-use path?

Hypothesis: To the North, N. Mountain Avenue has a full bike-only lane for half of the 3.5 miles (5.6 km) to the Rillito River Park bike and walk multi-use path.


Premise: What types of economies does the IDLO focus on helping?

Hypothesis: It works to empower people and communities to claim their rights, and provides governments with the know-how to realize them.


Premise: What was another title for the 2009 Human Development Report?

Hypothesis: The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007.


Premise: What was the time frame of the Papal Schism?

Hypothesis: When the Pope returned to Rome in 1377, this led to the election of different popes in Avignon and Rome, resulting in the Papal Schism (1378–1417).


Premise: Since the start of the war on Terrorism, attacks on US service members have occurred in which two US states?

Hypothesis: It has been adopted primarily as a response to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States.


Premise: What is the role of New Zealand's highest court?

Hypothesis: The Supreme Court has a purely appellate jurisdiction and hears appeals from the Court of Appeal of New Zealand.


Premise: Where is the medieval St. Bartholomew Chapel located?

Hypothesis: The rivers form lakes, such as Lake Geneva, a crescent shaped lake crossing the Swiss border with Lausanne on the Swiss side and the town of Evian-les-Bains on the French side.


Premise: How long ago did the last glacial period end?

Hypothesis: The last glacial period of the current ice age ended about 10,000 years ago.


Premise: The torchbearers included athletes, celebrities and who?

Hypothesis: A total of 120 torchbearers were selected to participate in the event consisting of celebrities, athletes and pro-Beijing camp politicians.


Premise: What law states, in part, that energy can change from one form to another?

Hypothesis: In Newtonian physics, there is a universal law of conservation of energy which says that energy can be neither created nor be destroyed; however, it can change from one form to another.


Premise: At which intersection does W 122nd Street end?

Hypothesis: west from the intersection of Amsterdam Avenue (Tenth Avenue) and terminates at the intersection of Riverside Drive.


Premise: What type of sacrifices were required to expiate the minor prodigies ?

Hypothesis: these were expiated with "lesser victims".


Premise: What Queen song did the Glee choir perform in June 2010?

Hypothesis: In the autumn of 2009, Glee featured the fictional high school's show choir singing "Somebody to Love" as their second act performance in the episode "The Rhodes Not Taken".


Premise: What percentage of Detroit's residents where white in 1940?

Hypothesis: In 1910, fewer than 6,000 blacks called the city home; in 1930 more than 120,000 blacks lived in Detroit.


Premise: Ann Arbor has been linked with which university?

Hypothesis: It was not until the early 1880s that Ann Arbor again saw robust growth, with new immigrants coming from Greece, Italy, Russia, and Poland.


Premise: What AEC scientists counseled delaying the development of the hydrogen bomb?

Hypothesis: Among Ike's objectives in not directly confronting McCarthy was to prevent McCarthy from dragging the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) into McCarthy's witch hunt for communists, which would interfere with, and perhaps delay, the AEC's important work on H-bombs.


Premise: Do different countries refer to plants by different names?

Hypothesis: When writing the scientific name of an organism, it is proper to capitalise the first letter in the genus and put all of the specific epithet in lowercase.


Premise: Along with the ESPN networks, on what network were 2014 AFL games broadcast?

Hypothesis: Most teams also have a local TV station broadcast their games locally and all games are available on local radio.


Premise: At what age did Napoleon receive command of the Army of Italy?

Hypothesis: The Directory rewarded Napoleon by giving him command of the Army of Italy at age 26, when he began his first military campaign against the Austrians and their Italian allies, scoring a series of decisive victories that made him famous all across Europe.


Premise: Even if a prayer is non-denominational it's still considered what?

Hypothesis: In 1962, the Supreme Court addressed the issue of officially-sponsored prayer or religious recitations in public schools.


Premise: When was the armistice agreement finally signed?

Hypothesis: The on-again, off-again armistice negotiations continued for two years, first at Kaesong, on the border between North and South Korea, and then at the neighbouring village of Panmunjom.


Premise: What cruise line celebrated a landmark anniversary in Southampton in July of 2012?

Hypothesis: Adonia, Arcadia, Aurora, Azura, Oceana, Oriana and Ventura all left the city in a procession on 3 July 2012.


Premise: How strong is the rule of law in most Asian countries?

Hypothesis: According to Awzar Thi, a member of the Asian Human Rights Commission, the rule of law in Thailand, Cambodia, and most of Asia is weak or nonexistent:


Premise: What did Jedlik call his earliest devices?

Hypothesis: After Jedlik solved the technical problems of the continuous rotation with the invention of the commutator, he called his early devices "electromagnetic self-rotors".


Premise: What is the first step in the human digestive system?

Hypothesis: In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva.


Premise: When was Otzi the Iceman found?

Hypothesis: His clothing and gear indicate that he lived in an alpine farming community, while the location and manner of his death - an arrowhead was discovered in his shoulder - suggests he was travelling from one place to another.


Premise: Which revolution led to the Soviet regime's rise to power?

Hypothesis: The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five months.


Premise: What is Whitehead's most well-known critical statement regarding the Christian notion of God?

Hypothesis: Perhaps his most famous and pointed criticism of the Christian conception of God is that "the Church gave unto God the attributes which belonged exclusively to Caesar."


Premise: What finance act affected the 2004 election?

Hypothesis: Because of the Act's restrictions on candidates' and parties' fundraising, a large number of so-called 527 groups emerged.


Premise: What well known treaty would eventually would grant West Prussia to Poland?

Hypothesis: Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, war-torn East Prussia was divided at Joseph Stalin's insistence between the Soviet Union (the Kaliningrad Oblast in the Russian SFSR and the constituent counties of the Klaipėda Region in the Lithuanian SSR) and the People's Republic of Poland (the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship).


Premise: Since when has all filming and photography in the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom been banned?

Hypothesis: For over 30 years the National Archives have forbidden flash photography but the advent of cameras with automatic flashes have made the rules increasingly difficult to enforce.


Premise: What does 基督徒 (pinyin: jīdū tú) mean?

Hypothesis: The two characters now pronounced Jīdū in Mandarin Chinese, were originally pronounced Ki-To in Cantonese as representation of Latin "Cristo".[citation needed]


Premise: where did house music gain popularity in the middle east?

Hypothesis: The genre even gained popularity in the Middle East in cities such as Dubai & Abu Dhabi[citation needed] and at events like Creamfields.


Premise: What cells produce antibodies?

Hypothesis: Antibodies are specific proteins released from a certain class of immune cells known as B lymphocytes, while antigens are defined as anything that elicits the generation of antibodies ("anti"body "gen"erators).


Premise: In what century was manufacturing more important to Boston than trade?

Hypothesis: Manufacturing became an important component of the city's economy, and by the mid-19th century, the city's industrial manufacturing overtook international trade in economic importance.


Premise: What form began to take shape during the Baroque era?

Hypothesis: Music became more complex in comparison with the songs of earlier periods.


Premise: What congressional declaration gave President Johnson authority to send troops to Vietnam?

Hypothesis: Major American military involvement began in 1964, after Congress provided President Lyndon B. Johnson with blanket approval for presidential use of force in the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.


Premise: Arab countries entered the financial crisis in exceptionally strong positions giving them a cushion against this?

Hypothesis: They entered the crisis in exceptionally strong positions.


Premise: Who portrayed Chopin in the 1991 film, Impromptu?

Hypothesis: Other film treatments have included: La valse de l'adieu (France, 1928) by Henry Roussel, with Pierre Blanchar as Chopin; Impromptu (1991), starring Hugh Grant as Chopin; La note bleue (1991); and Chopin: Desire for Love (2002).


Premise: What group of participants attack bystanders with confetti and dried pig bladders?

Hypothesis: The participants include the Blancs-Moussis, who dress in white, carry long red noses and parade through town attacking bystanders with confetti and dried pig bladders.


Premise: When was the Armenian Genocide Memorial constructed?

Hypothesis: The church, which suffered greatly under Stalin, was revived when Catholicos Vazgen I assumed the duties of his office in 1955.


Premise: What is the benefit to chickens of being in a free-range farming location?

Hypothesis: Often, this is in large enclosures, but the birds have access to natural conditions and can exhibit their normal behaviours.


Premise: What was Helena originally founded as?

Hypothesis: The nearby city of Helena, also founded as a mining camp, had a similar mix in addition to a small Chinatown.


Premise: In what years did Mali restructure public enterprises?

Hypothesis: Mali underwent economic reform, beginning in 1988 by signing agreements with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.


Premise: Which politican left the presidential race after supporting a boycott by voters?

Hypothesis: International observers took issue with the organization of the presidential election and the constitutional referendum, both of which were reminiscent in their organization of Congo's era of the one-party state.


Premise: When was the UK emloyment eequality (sexual orientation) regulations law take effect?

Hypothesis: Perceived sexual orientation may affect how a person is treated.


Premise: How are the plants classified?

Hypothesis: For the purposes of identification, Linnaeus's Systema Sexuale classified plants into 24 groups according to the number of their male sexual organs.


Premise: What script evolved from the Gupta script?

Hypothesis: Brahmi evolved into a multiplicity of Brahmic scripts, many of which were used to write Sanskrit.


Premise: What was the name of the hairdresser's assistant Schwarzenegger fell for in July of 1977?

Hypothesis: " Schwarzenegger met Maria Shriver at the Robert F. Kennedy Tennis Tournament in August 1977, and went on to have a relationship with both women until August 1978, when Moray (who knew of his relationship with Shriver) issued an ultimatum.


Premise: How large is Crotona Park's lake?

Hypothesis: Further south is Crotona Park, home to a 3.3-acre (1.3 ha)


Premise: How many people travel through Will Rogers World Airport each year?

Hypothesis: Oklahoma City is served by two primary airports, Will Rogers World Airport and the much smaller Wiley Post Airport (incidentally, the two honorees died in the same plane crash in Alaska)


Premise: Who founded Eastern Wu?

Hypothesis: Although conquered by the Western Jin dynasty in 280, Nanjing and its neighbouring areas had been well cultivated and developed into one of the commercial, cultural and political centers of China during the rule of East Wu.


Premise: When was a Home Rule bill passed?

Hypothesis: A third bill was passed by Parliament in 1914, but not implemented because of the outbreak of the First World War leading to the 1916 Easter Rising.


Premise: What might cause Neptune's extreme orientation?

Hypothesis: Before Voyager 2's arrival at Neptune, it was hypothesised that Uranus's tilted magnetosphere was the result of its sideways rotation.


Premise: What is the name of the naval base the US leased from a newly independent Cuba?

Hypothesis: The U.S. Navy now had a major forward presence across the Pacific and (with the lease of Guantánamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba) a major base in the Caribbean guarding the approaches to the Gulf Coast and the Panama Canal.


Premise: Where did a lot of Germans settle?

Hypothesis: In eastern Pennsylvania the Great Appalachian Valley, or Great Valley, was accessible by reason of a broad gateway between the end of South Mountain and the Highlands, and many Germans and Moravians settled here between the Susquehanna and Delaware Rivers forming the Pennsylvania Dutch community, some of whom even now speak a unique American dialect of German known as the "Pennsylvania German language" or "Pennsylvania Dutch.


Premise: what part of their body do married women cover with a scarf?

Hypothesis: Additionally, married women cover their hair, most commonly in the form of a scarf, also in the form of hats, bandanas, berets, snoods or, sometimes, wigs.


Premise: What do winners receive?

Hypothesis: Winners also qualify for European football and a place in the FA Community Shield match.


Premise: What do friendly short football tournaments have little of?

Hypothesis: Although most friendlies are simply one-off matches arranged by the clubs themselves, in which a certain amount is paid by the challenger club to the incumbent club, some teams do compete in short tournaments, such as the Emirates Cup, Teresa Herrera Trophy and the Amsterdam Tournament.


Premise: Dogs having ears that are not erect may be due to what?

Hypothesis: Wolves do not have dewclaws on their back legs, unless there has been admixture with dogs.


Premise: Which country first entered World War 2 after France's defeat?

Hypothesis: After the German occupation of France in 1940, Britain and the empire stood alone against Germany, until the entry of the Soviet Union to the war in 1941.


Premise: How many state schools are in Lancashire?

Hypothesis: There are many Church of England and Catholic faith schools in Lancashire.


Premise: What was the amount of wins Knute Rockne attained at Notre Dame while head coach?

Hypothesis: Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties.


Premise: What kind of paint makes a room a room look larger and brighter?

Hypothesis: In addition to paint, reflective surfaces also have an effect on lighting design.


Premise: When did the BBC Natural History Unit come into existence?

Hypothesis: David Attenborough was later granted sabbatical leave from his job as Controller to work with the BBC Natural History Unit which had existed since the 1950s.


Premise: Where is there legislation that prohibits child labour?

Hypothesis: Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful.


Premise: How many Tajik troops fought against Germany, Finland and Japan during WWII?

Hypothesis: Tajiks began to be conscripted into the Soviet Army in 1939 and during World War II around 260,000 Tajik citizens fought against Germany, Finland and Japan.


Premise: Who governs the church?

Hypothesis: One of the canons is also Rector of St Margaret's Church, Westminster, and often holds also the post of Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons.


Premise: What was shown to be the molecular repository of genetic information by experiments in the 1940s to 1950s?

Hypothesis: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was shown to be the molecular repository of genetic information by experiments in the 1940s to 1950s.


Premise: In what year did Armenia suffer from a catastrophic earthquake?

Hypothesis: During the Gorbachev era of the 1980s, with the reforms of Glasnost and Perestroika, Armenians began to demand better environmental care for their country, opposing the pollution that Soviet-built factories brought.


Premise: What kind of Valencan is spoken in Western Catalonia?

Hypothesis: The various forms of Catalan and Valencian are mutually intelligible (ranging from 90% to 95%)


Premise: With what bill in Canada did granting assent by writing become effective?

Hypothesis: Under the Royal Assent Act 2002, however, the alternative practice of granting assent in writing, with each house being notified separately ( the Speaker of the Senate or a representative reads to the senators the letters from the governor general regarding the written declaration of Royal Assent), was brought into force.


Premise: What year was it discovered that early LED instruments could be used for non-radio communication?

Hypothesis: We had a great deal of fun playing with this setup.


Premise: What are the AA systems called in Russian?

Hypothesis: English terms for air defence include the German Flak (Fliegerabwehrkanone, "aircraft defence cannon", also cited as Flugabwehrkanone), whence English flak, and the Russian term Protivovozdushnaya oborona (Cyrillic: Противовозду́шная оборо́на), a literal translation of "anti-air defence", abbreviated as PVO.


Premise: At its zenith, the imperialist forces controlled all but how many states in Mexico?

Hypothesis: At the zenith of their power, the imperialist forces controlled all but four states in Mexico; the only states to maintain strong opposition to the French were: Guerrero, Chihuahua, Sonora, and Baja California.


Premise: Napoleon III belived he would win the Astro-Prussian war and win a conflict with what country?

Hypothesis: Some historians argue that Napoleon III also sought war, particularly for the diplomatic defeat in 1866 in leveraging any benefits from the Austro-Prussian War, and he believed he would win a conflict with Prussia.


Premise: What is youtube red?

Hypothesis: YouTube Red was originally announced on November 12, 2014, as "Music Key", a subscription music streaming service, and was intended to integrate with and replace the existing Google Play Music "All Access" service.


Premise: What kind of prediction does the assumption that black body radiation is thermal lead to?

Hypothesis: The assumption that black-body radiation is thermal leads to an accurate prediction: the total amount of emitted energy goes up with the temperature according to a definite rule, the Stefan–Boltzmann law (1879–84).


Premise: Who came up with 'instrumentalism'?

Hypothesis: John Dewey (1859–1952) modified James' pragmatism to form a theory known as instrumentalism.


Premise: What kind of places to ride bikes does Tucson have?

Hypothesis: Tucson and Pima County maintain an extensive network of marked bike routes, signal crossings, on-street bike lanes, mountain-biking trails, and dedicated shared-use paths.


Premise: When in the cycle do wake-sleep cycles break off from the circadian period?

Hypothesis: Studies by Nathaniel Kleitman in 1938 and by Derk-Jan Dijk and Charles Czeisler in the 1990s put human subjects on enforced 28-hour sleep–wake cycles, in constant dim light and with other time cues suppressed, for over a month.


Premise: In 2007, which airlines made deals to include iPod connections on their planes?

Hypothesis: Originally KLM and Air France were reported to be part of the deal with Apple, but they later released statements explaining that they were only contemplating the possibility of incorporating such systems.


Premise: What famous French cathedral was restored and reconstructed by Viollet-le-Duc?

Hypothesis: Viollet-le-Duc compiled and coordinated an Encyclopédie médiévale that was a rich repertory his contemporaries mined for architectural details.


Premise: What are the three main activities in The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess?

Hypothesis: The Legend of Zelda:


Premise: What creatures did Darwin study that made him believe variation arose constantly?

Hypothesis: Darwin's barnacle studies convinced him that variation arose constantly and not just in response to changed circumstances.


Premise: How old was Victoria when she met Albert?

Hypothesis: However at 17, Victoria, though interested in Albert, was not yet ready to marry.


Premise: Lead oxide makes it easier to dissolve what?

Hypothesis: The viscosity decrease of lead glass melt is very significant (roughly 100 times in comparison with soda glasses); this allows easier removal of bubbles and working at lower temperatures, hence its frequent use as an additive in vitreous enamels and glass solders.


Premise: In 1924, what was created as part of Uzbekistan?

Hypothesis: Between 1927 and 1934, collectivization of agriculture and a rapid expansion of cotton production took place, especially in the southern region.


Premise: What other newspaper was accused of bias?

Hypothesis: Libération also reported that it had been accused of bias by the Chinese media.


Premise: During the period from 1989 - 1996, what was the total are of the US in miles?

Hypothesis: These source consider only the 50 states and the Federal District, and exclude overseas territories.


Premise: How were Tamil writers different from earlier Sanskrit writers?

Hypothesis: The scholars of the Sangam period rose from among the common people who sought the patronage of the Tamil Kings but who mainly wrote about the common people and their concerns.


Premise: What prompted the state-sponsored slaughter of Armenians?

Hypothesis: While Western Armenia still remained under Ottoman rule, the Armenians were granted considerable autonomy within their own enclaves and lived in relative harmony with other groups in the empire (including the ruling Turks).


Premise: Who is the highest judge in Ireland's Supreme Court?

Hypothesis: The Supreme Court is the highest court in Ireland.


Premise: What positions were contained within the House of Lords?

Hypothesis: The body eventually came to be divided into two branches: bishops, abbots, earls, and barons formed the House of Lords, while the shire and borough representatives formed the House of Commons.


Premise: What was the German-Soviet dividing line in regards to annexing Poland?

Hypothesis: That same day, Stalin received assurance that Germany would approve secret protocols to the proposed non-aggression pact that would place half of Poland (border along the Vistula river), Latvia, Estonia, Finland, and Bessarabia in the Soviets' sphere of influence.


Premise: When is Guinea-Bissau warm?

Hypothesis: Guinea-Bissau is warm all year around


Premise: Who were proposed new regulations called "The Volcker Rule" named after?

Hypothesis: The proposals address consumer protection, executive pay, bank financial cushions or capital requirements, expanded regulation of the shadow banking system and derivatives, and enhanced authority for the Federal Reserve to safely wind-down systemically important institutions, among others.


Premise: What talent did Feynman have, even early in his childhood?

Hypothesis: The young Feynman was heavily influenced by his father, who encouraged him to ask questions to challenge orthodox thinking, and who was always ready to teach Feynman something new.


Premise: How many members are in Freemasonry?

Hypothesis: Freemasonry, as it exists in various forms all over the world, has a membership estimated by the United Grand Lodge of England at around six million worldwide.


Premise: What part of the Burmese population is considered not a part of the mainstream group?

Hypothesis: Burma's education system is modelled after that of the United Kingdom.


Premise: Who was the last Democratic presidential candidate to win any counties in Oklahoma?

Hypothesis: Al Gore in 2000, though, was the last Democrat to even win any counties in the state.


Premise: Who is credited with the papermaking process?

Hypothesis: With paper as an effective substitute for silk in many applications, China could export silk in greater quantity, contributing to a Golden Age.


Premise: When were imperial examinations halted?

Hypothesis: By the early 20th century, mass civil disorder had begun in China, and it was growing continuously.


Premise: Boston is internationally known for education and medicine because of its many what?

Hypothesis: The area's many colleges and universities make Boston an international center of higher education and medicine, and the city is considered to be a world leader in innovation.


Premise: What is one of the important functions of the OCA in dealing with attacks?

Hypothesis: OCA comprises attack operations, sweep, escort, and suppression/destruction of enemy air defense.


Premise: How many commissioners worked under Reynie?

Hypothesis: The city of Paris was divided into 16 districts policed by the commissaires, each assigned to a particular district and assisted by a growing bureaucracy.


Premise: What can be deployed in fixed launchers but re-deploy at will?

Hypothesis: Targets for non-ManPAD SAMs will usually be acquired by air-search radar, then tracked before/while a SAM is "locked-on" and then fired.


Premise: When was Father Linckens' book published?

Hypothesis: He published a small work in 1912 about the Catholic mission activities and the people of the Marshall Islands.


Premise: What day of the week did the major earthquake strike Mexico City?

Hypothesis: Although this earthquake was not as deadly or destructive as many similar events in Asia and other parts of Latin America, it proved to be a disaster politically for the one-party government.


Premise: How did the world respond to Libya in 1986?

Hypothesis: NATO intervened militarily on the side of the NTC, bringing about the government's downfall.


Premise: Who wrote "The Essence of Christianity"?

Hypothesis: The German materialist and atheist anthropologist Ludwig Feuerbach would signal a new turn in materialism through his book, The Essence of Christianity (1841), which provided a humanist account of religion as the outward projection of man's inward nature.


Premise: What happens to digesta when it moves to the small intestine?

Hypothesis: Digesta is finally moved into the small intestine, where the digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs.


Premise: A plot of the radiation behaviors of an antenna would show what?

Hypothesis: The radiation pattern of an antenna is a plot of the relative field strength of the radio waves emitted by the antenna at different angles.


Premise: What did earning the ijazat al-tadris award students?

Hypothesis: According to Makdisi, the Latin title licentia docendi 'licence to teach' in the European university may have been a translation of the Arabic, but the underlying concept was very different.


Premise: What is the trend for secular Jews to become more religiously observant known as?

Hypothesis: As a result of the efforts by these and other Jewish groups over the past 25 years, there has been a trend (known as the Baal Teshuva movement) for secular Jews to become more religiously observant, though the demographic implications of the trend are unknown.


Premise: What US officer led the troops who were destroyed at Little Big Horn?

Hypothesis: The main role of the Army was to keep indigenous peoples on reservations and to end their wars against settlers and each other, William Tecumseh Sherman and Philip Sheridan were in charge.


Premise: When was the Balfour Declaration issued?

Hypothesis: This declaration was given legal substance under the 1931 Statute of Westminster.


Premise: How will the infrared image of an object with a higher emissivity appear in relation to one with lower emissivity?

Hypothesis: For example, for any pre-set emissivity value, objects with higher emissivity will appear hotter, and those with a lower emissivity will appear cooler.


Premise: In 2015 it was reported that what percentage of the Muslim World was not literate?

Hypothesis: In 2015, the International Islamic News Agency reported that nearly 37% of the population of the Muslim world is unable to read or write, basing that figure on reports from the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.


Premise: Was the transition from Old Dutch to Modern Dutch gradual, or did it happen quickly?

Hypothesis: The division in these development phases is mostly conventional, since the transition between them was very gradual.


Premise: What is the modern name for the West Saxon dialect of Alfred's time?

Hypothesis: From that time on, the West Saxon dialect (then in the form now known as Early West Saxon) became standardised as the language of government, and as the basis for the many works of literature and religious materials produced or translated from Latin in that period.


Premise: What sensor controls light with motion sensors?

Hypothesis: Occupancy sensors to allow operation for whenever someone is within the area being scanned can control lighting.


Premise: Is respiration in animals similar to photosynthesis in plants?

Hypothesis: Heterotrophs including all animals, all fungi, all completely parasitic plants, and non-photosynthetic bacteria take in organic molecules produced by photoautotrophs and respire them or use them in the construction of cells and tissues.


Premise: What type of soldiers came from Hong Kong?

Hypothesis: Collaborationist units from Hong Kong (reformed ex-colonial police), Philippines, Dutch East Indies (the PETA) and Dutch Guinea, British Malaya and British Borneo, Inner Mongolia and former French Indochina (after the overthrow of Vichy French regime) as well as Timorese militia also assisted Japanese war efforts.


Premise: During which month does Seattle get more precipitation than other US cities?

Hypothesis: Seattle is one of the five rainiest major U.S. cities as measured by the number of days with precipitation, and it receives some of the lowest amounts of annual sunshine among major cities in the lower 48 states, along with some cities in the Northeast, Ohio and Michigan.


Premise: What value does Deloitte place on Arsenal?

Hypothesis: Arsenal and Deloitte both list the match day revenue generated by the Emirates Stadium as £100.4m, more than any other football stadium in the world.


Premise: Who undermined  The League Of Nations?

Hypothesis: One main institution that was meant to bring stability was the League of Nations, which was created after the First World War with the intention of maintaining world security and peace and encouraging economic growth between member countries.


Premise: What can be used to make glass less refractive?

Hypothesis: This may be modified by adding low-density materials such as boron, which lowers the index of refraction (see crown glass), or increased (to as much as 1.8) with high-density materials such as (classically) lead oxide (see flint glass and lead glass), or in modern uses, less toxic oxides of zirconium, titanium, or barium.


Premise: What humanitarian effort followed the 2002 military operation in the Philippines?

Hypothesis: The second portion of the operation was conducted as a humanitarian program called "Operation Smiles".


Premise: Who is Apollo's twin sister?

Hypothesis: Apollo is the son of Zeus and Leto, and has a twin sister, the chaste huntress Artemis.


Premise: Why does the Catholic Church oppose the Freemasons so strongly?

Hypothesis: The denomination with the longest history of objection to Freemasonry is the Roman Catholic Church.


Premise: The Megali Idea was actively pursued by whom?

Hypothesis: These religious officials, together with Greek military officers and professionals, some of whom still pursued the Megali Idea, would later found the guerrilla organisation Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston or National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters (EOKA).


Premise: Which two countries can you purchase Beyonce's clothing line?

Hypothesis: According to Tina, the overall style of the line best reflects her and Beyoncé's taste and style.


Premise: When did the government take over AIG?

Hypothesis: U.S. taxpayers provided over $180 billion in government support to AIG during 2008 and early 2009, through which the money flowed to various counterparties to CDS transactions, including many large global financial institutions.


Premise: On what island was Fort Amsterdam built?

Hypothesis: The colony of New Amsterdam was centered at the site which would eventually become Lower Manhattan.


Premise: Such chemicals do what to the firing of the brain's neurons?

Hypothesis: Such chemicals will either excite or inhibit the firing of neurons in the brain, with a greater firing rate allowing the brain to register the occurrence of more events within a given interval (speed up time) and a decreased firing rate reducing the brain's capacity to distinguish events occurring within a given interval (slow down time).


Premise: What is the study of ancient, fossilized plants?

Hypothesis: Cyanobacteria, the first oxygen-releasing photosynthetic organisms on Earth, are thought to have given rise to the ancestor of plants by entering into an endosymbiotic relationship with an early eukaryote, ultimately becoming the chloroplasts in plant cells.


Premise: Was the Latin word for poultry also used to decribe other small animals as opposed to any poulty?

Hypothesis: Poultry also includes other birds that are killed for their meat, such as the young of pigeons (known as squabs) but does not include similar wild birds hunted for sport or food and known as game.


Premise: Who gave Frédéric his first significant public approval in regards to his compositions?

Hypothesis: At the end of 1831, Chopin received the first major endorsement from an outstanding contemporary when Robert Schumann, reviewing the Op.


Premise: How many are believed to have been uprooted by this unrest ?

Hypothesis: It displaced more than 52,000 people.


Premise: Who heads the current group?

Hypothesis: The current group is headed by Derek Schaul (Derek the Five Dollar Kid).


Premise: When do movies rented through this marketplace expire?

Hypothesis: They expire in 14 days after download or at the end of the first 24 hours after the movie has begun playing, whichever comes first.


Premise: Who was lead writer of The Sun?

Hypothesis: "There are traitors in our midst", wrote leader writer Ronald Spark on 7 May, accusing commentators on Daily Mirror and The Guardian, plus the BBC's defence correspondent Peter Snow, of "treason" for aspects of their coverage.


Premise: When was the convention of prime ministers initiating the dissolution of parliament started?

Hypothesis: Similarly, though the modern 1937 Irish constitution grants to the Taoiseach the right to make the request, the earlier 1922 Irish Free State Constitution vested the power in the Executive Council (the then name for the Irish cabinet).


Premise: Bootylicious was a song from which act that Beyonce performed with?

Hypothesis: " Due to her curves and the term's catchiness, in the 2000s, the media often used the term "Bootylicious" (a portmanteau of the words booty and delicious) to describe Beyoncé, the term popularized by Destiny's Child's single of the same name.


Premise: How long is the Bronx's shoreline?

Hypothesis: The Bronx's irregular shoreline extends for 75 square miles (194 km2).


Premise: When were audio curves described by Richard Ehmer?

Hypothesis: In 1959, Richard Ehmer described a complete set of auditory curves regarding this phenomenon.


Premise: Who was the album True Blue dedicated to?

Hypothesis: Rolling Stone magazine was generally impressed with the effort, writing that the album "sound[s] as if it comes from the heart".


Premise: What caused valuable information to be lost while using the KInsey scale?

Hypothesis: Valuable information was lost by collapsing the two values into one final score.


Premise: When was the People's Republic of China created?

Hypothesis: The Chinese support created a deep division between the Korean Communists, and Kim Il-sung's authority within the Communist party was challenged by the Chinese faction led by Pak Il-yu, who was later purged by Kim.


Premise: How does a referee check for a knockout?

Hypothesis: In a Last Man Standing match, this form of a knockout is the only way that the match can end, so the referee will count when one or more wrestlers are down, and one wrestler standing up before the 10-count doesn't stop the count for another wrestler who is still down.


Premise: What is a positive connotation of the label "51st state"?

Hypothesis: In various countries around the world, people who believe their local or national culture has become too Americanized sometimes use the term "51st state" in reference to their own countries.


Premise: What year did a publication come out indicating having a pet does not mean lower risk of heart disease in the elderly?

Hypothesis: A 2005 paper states "recent research has failed to support earlier findings that pet ownership is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, a reduced use of general practitioner services, or any psychological or physical benefits on health for community dwelling older people.


Premise: Who contributed heavily to the effort to standardize Czech orthography?

Hypothesis: Later in the century Jan Hus contributed significantly to the standardization of Czech orthography, advocated for widespread literacy among Czech commoners (particularly in religion) and made early efforts to model written Czech after the spoken language.


Premise: More than half of the population is what religion?

Hypothesis: About half the population lives below the international poverty line of $1.25 (U.S.) a day.


Premise: Where was the fictionalized "Chopin" produced?

Hypothesis: Possibly the first venture into fictional treatments of Chopin's life was a fanciful operatic version of some of its events.


Premise: What city does the western route 34 leads to?

Hypothesis: To the west is Route 34, which leads to the city of Derby.


Premise: What is the origin of the word beer?

Hypothesis: On the currency of two words for the same thing in the Germanic languages, the 12th-century Old Icelandic poem Alvíssmál says, "Ale it is called among men, but among the gods, beer."


Premise: At what concentration can yeast no longer survive in alcohol?

Hypothesis: Alcohol is a by-product of yeast metabolism and is toxic to the yeast; typical brewing yeast cannot survive at alcohol concentrations above 12% by volume.


Premise: The Jats assisted in building what state?

Hypothesis: A number of Gurjars had been exterminated in Bhinmal and Ajmer areas fighting with the invaders.


Premise: What is the highest volume output level of European 6th-generation iPods?

Hypothesis: Users report that in the sixth-generation iPod, the maximum volume output level is limited to 100 dB in EU markets.


Premise: Who did Brandenburg work with in music compression?

Hypothesis: While there, he continued to work on music compression with scientists at the Fraunhofer Society (in 1993 he joined the staff of the Fraunhofer Institute).


Premise: What is the total number of possible sRGB colors?

Hypothesis: The intensity of each component is measured on a scale of zero to 255, which means the complete list includes 16,777,216 distinct colors and shades.


Premise: What was the date of Kanye's car wreck?

Hypothesis: At the same time, West announced that he was working on an album called The College Dropout, whose overall theme was to "make your own decisions.


Premise: Approximately how many residents make up the population of downtown New Haven?

Hypothesis: The downtown area provides about half of the city's jobs and half of its tax base and in recent years has become filled with dozens of new upscale restaurants, several of which have garnered national praise (such as Ibiza, recognized by Esquire and Wine Spectator magazines as well as the New York Times as the best Spanish food in the country), in addition to shops and thousands of apartments and condominium units which subsequently help overall growth of the city.


Premise: Where are regulated future exchanges located?

Hypothesis: Michael Greenberger specifically named the Atlanta-based IntercontinentalExchange, founded by Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and BP as playing a key role in speculative run-up of oil futures prices traded off the regulated futures exchanges in London and New York.


Premise: The issue of what is raised by judges in Paragraph 13?

Hypothesis: The intent to destroy formed by a perpetrator of genocide will always be limited by the opportunity presented to him.


Premise: How is asthma classified?

Hypothesis: Asthma is classified according to the frequency of symptoms, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow rate.


Premise: What is possible when a DBMS interrogate and update a database?

Hypothesis: For example, an employee database can contain all the data about an individual employee, but one group of users may be authorized to view only payroll data, while others are allowed access to only work history and medical data.