Premise: When was the 'Treatise on the Police' published?

Hypothesis: Foucault cites Magdalene Humpert author of Bibliographie der Kameralwissenschaften (1937) in which the author makes note of a substantial bibliography was produced of over 4000 pieces of the practice of Polizeiwissenschaft however, this maybe a mistranslation of Foucault's own work the actual source of Magdalene Humpert states over 14,000 items were produced from the 16th century dates ranging from 1520-1850.


Premise: How is the latin small letter e represented in Unicode?

Hypothesis: For example, é can be represented in Unicode as U+0065 (LATIN SMALL LETTER E) followed by U+0301 (COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT), but it can also be represented as the precomposed character U+00E9 (LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE).


Premise: How certain is it that these circadian clock  effects are the same in humans?

Hypothesis: Mutations or deletions of clock gene in mice have demonstrated the importance of body clocks to ensure the proper timing of cellular/metabolic events; clock-mutant mice are hyperphagic and obese, and have altered glucose metabolism.


Premise: In what years did the Washington University men's basketball teams win division championships?

Hypothesis: The Bears have won 19 NCAA Division III Championships— one in women's cross country (2011), one in men's tennis (2008), two in men's basketball (2008, 2009), five in women's basketball (1998–2001, 2010), and ten in women's volleyball (1989, 1991–1996, 2003, 2007, 2009) – and 144 UAA titles in 15 different sports.


Premise: How many citizens were massacred in Isfahan by Timur in 1387?

Hypothesis: In 1370, yet another conqueror, Timur, followed the example of Hulagu, establishing the Timurid Empire which lasted for another 156 years.


Premise: What year did the PVO Strany become independent?

Hypothesis: The most extreme case was the Soviet Union, and this model may still be followed in some countries: it was a separate service, on a par with the navy or ground force.


Premise: When were Photo CDs initially released?

Hypothesis: Launched in 1992, the discs were designed to hold nearly 100 high-quality images, scanned prints and slides using special proprietary encoding.


Premise: When did the process of acquiring words from Latin and Greek begin?

Hypothesis: Like other languages, Catalan has a large list of learned words from Greek and Latin.


Premise: What type of resident lived at the site in Soan River Valley?

Hypothesis: The earliest archaeological site in the subcontinent is the palaeolithic hominid site in the Soan River valley.


Premise: Each year the Earth absorbs how much solar energy in exajoules?

Hypothesis: The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year.


Premise: How much did China National Petroleum and Sinopec donate?

Hypothesis: Central State-owned enterprises have accumulatively donated more than $48.6 million.


Premise: What name was taken by the Hostellers in 1514?

Hypothesis: The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders.


Premise: At what company were Meucci's prototypes supposedly lost?

Hypothesis: Meucci's work, like many other inventors of the period, was based on earlier acoustic principles and despite evidence of earlier experiments, the final case involving Meucci was eventually dropped upon Meucci's death.


Premise: Which four legged mammal is considered to be the smartest?

Hypothesis: Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans.


Premise: As diests, Americans were influenced by the ideas of which two Enlightenment followers?

Hypothesis: Attempts to reconcile science and religion resulted in a widespread rejection of prophecy, miracle and revealed religion in preference for Deism – especially by Thomas Paine in The Age of Reason and by Thomas Jefferson in his short Jefferson Bible – from which all supernatural aspects were removed.


Premise: To be able to do fieldwork, an anthropologist must first travel to what?

Hypothesis: Biological anthropologists are interested in both human variation and in the possibility of human universals (behaviors, ideas or concepts shared by virtually all human cultures).


Premise: How long is the Marzilibah funicular?

Hypothesis: The Marzilibahn funicular is, with a length of 106 m (348 ft), the second shortest public railway in Europe after the Zagreb funicular.


Premise: For what kind of applications are non-woven reinforcement materials better than woven ones?

Hypothesis: The reinforcement type defines two major classes of materials - woven and non-woven.


Premise: What was stolen from Target Corporation computers in 2013?

Hypothesis: "The malware utilized is absolutely unsophisticated and uninteresting," says Jim Walter, director of threat intelligence operations at security technology company McAfee – meaning that the heists could have easily been stopped by existing antivirus software had administrators responded to the warnings.


Premise: In the 1988 election, where did George H. W. Bush say Michael Dukakis's foreign policy was born?

Hypothesis: When challenged on the distinction between Dukakis's Harvard connection and his own Yale background, he said that, unlike Harvard, Yale's reputation was "so diffuse, there isn't a symbol, I don't think, in the Yale situation, any symbolism in it" and said Yale did not share Harvard's reputation for "liberalism and elitism".


Premise: What whole region did the East India company get control over after the Carnatic Wars?

Hypothesis: The Company soon expanded its territories around its bases in Bombay and Madras; the Anglo-Mysore Wars (1766–1799) and later the Anglo-Maratha Wars (1772–1818) led to control of the vast regions of India.


Premise: What is the climate like in Southeast Asia?

Hypothesis: The climate in Southeast Asia is mainly tropical–hot and humid all year round with plentiful rainfall.


Premise: What type of residents tend to be more fluent in Mandarin than rural ones?

Hypothesis: Urban residents tend to be more fluent in Mandarin than rural people.


Premise: When did the latest magnitude 6 aftershock occur?

Hypothesis: " The latest aftershock exceeding M6 occurred on August 5, 2008.


Premise: What year did Kanye West begin working with Adidas?

Hypothesis: His more publicized comments include his declaration that President George W. Bush "doesn't care about black people" during a live 2005 television broadcast for Hurricane Katrina relief, and his interruption of singer Taylor Swift at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards.


Premise: What act determined what class a citizen belonged to?

Hypothesis: The apartheid bureaucracy devised complex (and often arbitrary) criteria in the Population Registration Act of 1945 to determine who belonged in which group.


Premise: Who ran against Kerry in 1996?

Hypothesis: During the campaign, Kerry spoke briefly at the 1996 Democratic National Convention.


Premise: How are dogs viewed in Islam?

Hypothesis: Islamic activists in Lérida, Spain, lobbied for dogs to be kept out of Muslim neighborhoods, saying their presence violated Muslims' religious freedom.


Premise: What did Eisenhower have removed via surgery on December 12, 1966?

Hypothesis: In August 1966 he began to show symptoms of cholecystitis, for which he underwent surgery on December 12, 1966, when his gallbladder was removed, containing 16 gallstones.


Premise: What was Iran's rank in the top 10 Middle East destinations according to UNESCO?

Hypothesis: According to UNESCO and the deputy head of research for Iran Travel and Tourism Organization (ITTO), Iran is rated 4th among the top 10 destinations in the Middle East.


Premise: In which empire did many Hindus become Sikhs?

Hypothesis: During the Mughal empire, many Hindus increasingly adopted Sikhism.


Premise: Who wrote that exciting facts lead to emotions?

Hypothesis: In his 1884 article William James argued that feelings and emotions were secondary to physiological phenomena.


Premise: In what borough is the Riverdale neighborhood located?

Hypothesis: In neighborhoods such as Riverdale (in the Bronx), Ditmas Park (in Brooklyn), and Douglaston (in Queens), large single-family homes are common in various architectural styles such as Tudor Revival and Victorian.


Premise: What term did Capote use to describe Lee and himself?

Hypothesis: They became good friends when both felt alienated from their peers; Capote called the two of them "apart people".


Premise: Where were the game pad controllers copied from?

Hypothesis: Ultimately though, they did install a 15-pin expansion port on the front of the console so that an arcade-style joystick could be used optionally.


Premise: What peoples where in the Balkans?

Hypothesis: Exceptions are Greece, where the lesser numbered Slavs scattered there came to be Hellenized (aided in time by more Greeks returning to Greece in the 9th century and the role of the church and administration) and Romania where Slavic people settled en route for present-day Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Bulgaria and East Thrace whereby the Slavic population had come to assimilate.


Premise: When do police often use unmarked cars?

Hypothesis: Unmarked vehicles are used primarily for sting operations or apprehending criminals without alerting them to their presence.


Premise: What is the name of the blog that tried to rally votes for Sanjaya Malakar on American Idol?

Hypothesis: Teenager Sanjaya Malakar was the season's most talked-about contestant for his unusual hairdo, and for managing to survive elimination for many weeks due in part to the weblog Vote for the Worst and satellite radio personality Howard Stern, who both encouraged fans to vote for him.


Premise: Are these percentages an accurate estimate of nonconformists religious  groups ?

Hypothesis: However, according to a US State Department's 2010 international religious freedom report, official statistics are alleged to underestimate the non-Buddhist population.


Premise: Which form of copper is shock sensitive?

Hypothesis: Compounds that contain a carbon-copper bond are known as organocopper compounds.


Premise: Where on the Avalon Peninsula is St. John's located?

Hypothesis: St. John's was incorporated as a city in 1888, yet is considered by some to be the oldest English-founded city in North America.


Premise: Besides chief justice, how many other judges sit on Ireland's Supreme Court?

Hypothesis: The Supreme Court is the highest court in Ireland.


Premise: How did the FCC rule on net neutrality?

Hypothesis: On 26 February 2015, the FCC ruled in favor of net neutrality by adopting Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 and Section 706 in the Telecommunications act of 1996 to the Internet.


Premise: What can peer pressure influence?

Hypothesis: In addition, peer pressure influences clothing choice.


Premise: What sort of details did the Modernists' want in their buildings?

Hypothesis: The approach of the Modernist architects was to reduce buildings to pure forms, removing historical references and ornament in favor of functionalist details.


Premise: Where did the name "Liberal" come from?

Hypothesis: It became the nucleus of the Liberal Party's youth division, the Young Liberals.


Premise: What is one issue that can arise from overuse of antibiotics?

Hypothesis: This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country".


Premise: Would the new top division have commerical independence from the Football Association as well as the Football League?

Hypothesis: The newly formed top division would have commercial independence from The Football Association and the Football League, giving the FA Premier League licence to negotiate its own broadcast and sponsorship agreements.


Premise: What locations were seized in the second invasion?

Hypothesis: Three days later, when a ceasefire had been agreed, Turkey had landed 30,000 troops on the island and captured Kyrenia, the corridor linking Kyrenia to Nicosia, and the Turkish Cypriot quarter of Nicosia itself.


Premise: Who was Monroe's most influential follower?

Hypothesis: He also perfected a sparse, percussive blues style, especially up the neck in keys that had not been used much in country music, notably B and E.


Premise: What is a common alternate name for the tungsten filament bulb in Europe?

Hypothesis: On 13 December 1904, Hungarian Sándor Just and Croatian Franjo Hanaman were granted a Hungarian patent (No. 34541) for a tungsten filament lamp that lasted longer and gave brighter light than the carbon filament.


Premise: Who coined the term "splat cooling"?

Hypothesis: In the past, small batches of amorphous metals with high surface area configurations (ribbons, wires, films, etc.) have been produced through the implementation of extremely rapid rates of cooling.


Premise: When was the concept of 'education through recreation' changed and expanded?

Hypothesis: In the early 20th century, the concept was broadened to include young adults but the emphasis was on physical activities.


Premise: What year was South Tuscon reincorperated?

Hypothesis: It was first incorporated in 1936, and later reincorporated in 1940.


Premise: What could be coupled with an antenna to form pure resistance?

Hypothesis: It is possible to use the impedance matching concepts to construct vertical antennas substantially shorter than the 1⁄4 wavelength at which the antenna is resonant.


Premise: Who led American forces in this war?

Hypothesis: The Army sent in 100,000 soldiers (mostly from the National Guard) under General Elwell Otis.


Premise: Who attempted to assasinate Victoria while she was riding in a carriage?

Hypothesis: During Victoria's first pregnancy in 1840, in the first few months of the marriage, 18-year-old Edward Oxford attempted to assassinate her while she was riding in a carriage with Prince Albert on her way to visit her mother.


Premise: How many convicts are listed in the database at Norfolk Island?

Hypothesis: However, a recent study has demonstrated, utilising a database of 6,458 Norfolk Island convicts, that the reality was somewhat different: more than half were detained at Norfolk Island without ever receiving a colonial conviction, and only 15% had been reprieved from a death sentence.


Premise: What was the name of the first road to the mainland that did not charge a toll?

Hypothesis: The first road connecting the city to the mainland at Pleasantville was completed in 1870 and charged a 30-cent toll.


Premise: What did Russian colonels due to the men who served under them?

Hypothesis: By the war's end, everyone realized the profound weaknesses of the Russian military, and the Russian leadership was determined to reform it.


Premise: Anglo can refer to non-Hispanic European Americans who speak English but are not necessarily what?

Hypothesis: In contrast to "Latino" or "Hispanic", "Anglo" refers to non-Hispanic White Americans or non-Hispanic European Americans, most of whom speak the English language but are not necessarily of English descent.


Premise: How are genes transferred to a plant by scientists?

Hypothesis: Schell and Van Montagu (1977) hypothesised that the Ti plasmid could be a natural vector for introducing the Nif gene responsible for nitrogen fixation in the root nodules of legumes and other plant species.


Premise: What city adopted the Bells?

Hypothesis: Until the end of his life, Bell and his family would alternate between the two homes, but Beinn Bhreagh would, over the next 30 years, become more than a summer home as Bell became so absorbed in his experiments that his annual stays lengthened.


Premise: What was Victoria's reaction to the verdict?

Hypothesis: On 2 March 1882, Roderick Maclean, a disgruntled poet apparently offended by Victoria's refusal to accept one of his poems, shot at the Queen as her carriage left Windsor railway station.


Premise: What legal system was introduced by the British in Florida

Hypothesis: This would be the first introduction of much of the English-derived legal system which Florida still has today including trial by jury, habeas corpus and county-based government.


Premise: What phrase did Kerry use to try to express that he was more concerned for America?

Hypothesis: " This strategy was designed to convey to American voters the idea that Bush could be trusted to be tough on terrorism while Kerry would be "uncertain in the face of danger.


Premise: Which courts decisions are binding across the entire United States?

Hypothesis: A common misperception is that the Supreme Court is the only court that may determine constitutionality; the power is exercised even by the inferior courts.


Premise: What official writings give specific prayers for each hours of the day for Catholics ?

Hypothesis: The Roman Missal and the Roman Rite Liturgy of the Hours naturally includes references to Mary's immaculate conception in the feast of the Immaculate Conception.


Premise: What is The Triple Entente?

Hypothesis: The Triple Entente was the name given to the loose alignment between the United Kingdom, France, and Russia after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907.


Premise: What can one use to look at differences between groups instead of physical differences?

Hypothesis: The Human Genome Project states "People who have lived in the same geographic region for many generations may have some alleles in common, but no allele will be found in all members of one population and in no members of any other."


Premise: What 2 powers named in the 5 orignal great powers of the congress of vienna have maintained that status?

Hypothesis: The balance of power between the Great Powers became a major influence in European politics, prompting Otto von Bismarck to say "All politics reduces itself to this formula: try to be one of three, as long as the world is governed by the unstable equilibrium of five great powers."


Premise: What does Dawkins explain must compete with each other in living begins?

Hypothesis: To argue why that red flag might be insufficient, Dawkins explains that drives must compete with each other within living beings.


Premise: In 2000,  what was the median salary for females in San Diego?

Hypothesis: Males had a median income of $36,984 versus $31,076 for females.


Premise: Which contestant thought about leaving the contest because of pain in his kidney?

Hypothesis: Finalist Phillip Phillips suffered from kidney pain and was taken to the hospital before the Top 13 results show, and later received medical procedure to alleviate a blockage caused by kidney stones.


Premise: Mimicry is used to do what to potential enemies?

Hypothesis: In Müllerian mimicry, inedible species, usually within a taxonomic order, find it advantageous to resemble each other so as to reduce the sampling rate by predators who need to learn about the insects' inedibility.


Premise: Approximately how long did Napoleon take to prepare another Danube crossing after his defeat at Aspern-Essling?

Hypothesis: The French were too exhausted to pursue the Austrians immediately, but Napoleon eventually caught up with Charles at Znaim and the latter signed an armistice on 12 July.


Premise: How many teams did the Arena Football League originally have?

Hypothesis: Following the successes of his trial-run games, Foster moved ahead with his idea for arena football.


Premise: What are thick alloys made in layers called?

Hypothesis: More recently a number of alloys have been produced in layers with thickness exceeding 1 millimeter.


Premise: When was the Dungan Revolt?

Hypothesis: New Armies were organized, but the ambitious Hundred Days' Reform of 1898 was turned back by Empress Dowager Cixi, a ruthless but capable leader.


Premise: Where did Braque and Gris stay until the end of the World War I?

Hypothesis: Prior to 1914, Picasso, Braque, Gris and Léger (to a lesser extent) gained the support of a single committed art dealer in Paris, Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler, who guaranteed them an annual income for the exclusive right to buy their works.


Premise: What did renaissance humanism place an emphasis on?

Hypothesis: Renaissance humanism took a close study of the Latin and Greek classical texts, and was antagonistic to the values of scholasticism with its emphasis on the accumulated commentaries; and humanists were involved in the sciences, philosophies, arts and poetry of classical antiquity.


Premise: Who was the first person to determine that the Earth is round?

Hypothesis: Thales' student Pythagoras of Samos founded the Pythagorean school, which investigated mathematics for its own sake, and was the first to postulate that the Earth is spherical in shape.


Premise: What are the names of the major districts of the Thar?

Hypothesis: Most of this region are covered by the Thar Desert which extends into adjoining portions of Pakistan.


Premise: The Supreme Court of the Netherlands cannot interpret what?

Hypothesis: The court is banned from testing legislation against the constitution, pursuant to the principle of the sovereignty of the States-General; the court can, however, test legislation against some treaties.


Premise: What is the population of the largest canton?

Hypothesis: The cantons have a permanent constitutional status and, in comparison with the situation in other countries, a high degree of independence.


Premise: What Continental Oil leader was Eisenhower tied to?

Hypothesis: The contacts gained through university and American Assembly fund-raising activities would later become important supporters in Eisenhower's bid for the Republican party nomination and the presidency.


Premise: Which two intelligence groups merged to form Joint Intelligence Service?

Hypothesis: Upon returning to London, Bond is indefinitely suspended from field duty by M, who is in the midst of a power struggle with C, the head of the privately-backed Joint Intelligence Service, consisting of the recently merged MI5 and MI6.


Premise: At what event is pork traditionally eaten on Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: A traditional food source is seabirds (taketake or black noddy and akiaki or white tern), with pork being eaten mostly at fateles (or parties with dancing to celebrate events).


Premise: When the civil war began, many telecomunications companies were created to provide missing what?

Hypothesis: Funded by Somali entrepreneurs and backed by expertise from China, Korea and Europe, these nascent telecommunications firms offer affordable mobile phone and internet services that are not available in many other parts of the continent.


Premise: The cycle of birth and death is called what in Buddhism?

Hypothesis: Samsara arises out of avidya (ignorance) and is characterized by dukkha (suffering, anxiety, dissatisfaction).


Premise: Who was the first Page 3 topless model?

Hypothesis: The first topless Page 3 model appeared on 17 November 1970, German-born Stephanie Rahn; she was tagged as a "Birthday Suit Girl" to mark the first anniversary of the relaunched Sun.


Premise: What did Kant say time and space allow one to do?

Hypothesis: He describes time as an a priori notion that, together with other a priori notions such as space, allows us to comprehend sense experience.


Premise: Why did Reprise only release one 78 rpm vinyl?

Hypothesis: Reprise did not proceed further with the series due to a lack of sales for the single, and a lack of general interest in the concept.


Premise: How many people were killed in Liverpool?

Hypothesis: More than one million London houses were destroyed or damaged and more than 40,000 civilians were killed, almost half of them in London.


Premise: What department store chain did Hudson's Bay Company own until it dissolved in 2013?

Hypothesis: It also previously owned Zellers, another major Canadian department store which ceased to exist in March 2013 after selling its lease holdings to Target Canada.


Premise: What factor was credited to the large number of German casualties?

Hypothesis: The German casualties were relatively high due to the advance and the effectiveness of the chassepot rifle.


Premise: How did Gaddafi die?

Hypothesis: Overseeing unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad, Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing led to Libya's label of "international pariah".


Premise: Who was Hart's writing partner?

Hypothesis: Strongly influenced by the city's immigrants, productions such as those of Harrigan and Hart, George M. Cohan, and others used song in narratives that often reflected themes of hope and ambition.


Premise: What was severely lacking in Kievan in the 12th century?

Hypothesis: Kievan society lacked the class institutions and autonomous towns that were typical of Western European feudalism.


Premise: What services were anticipated to be greatly increased as a result of the congestion charge zone?

Hypothesis: London government initially expected the Congestion Charge Zone to increase daily peak period Underground and bus users by 20,000 people, reduce road traffic by 10 to 15 per cent, increase traffic speeds by 10 to 15 per cent, and reduce queues by 20 to 30 per cent.


Premise: What degree was Edmund Fanning given for his services?

Hypothesis: However, Yale graduate Edmund Fanning, Secretary to the British General in command of the occupation, interceded and the College was saved.


Premise: When did Robert Guiscard die?

Hypothesis: Normans also settled in Sicily and southern Italy, when Robert Guiscard (d. 1085) landed there in 1059 and established a duchy that later became the Kingdom of Sicily.


Premise: What was the name of Queen's second greatest hits compilation?

Hypothesis: Innuendo was released in early 1991 with an eponymous number 1 UK hit and other charting singles including, "The Show Must Go On".


Premise: One woman accused Schwarzenegger of trying to remove what item of clothing?

Hypothesis: Three of the women claimed he had grabbed their breasts, a fourth said he placed his hand under her skirt on her buttock.


Premise: What technique did Jesse McReynolds create?

Hypothesis: The late John Duffey of the original Country Gentlemen and later the Seldom Scene did much to popularize the bluegrass mandolin among folk and urban audiences, especially on the east coast and in the Washington, D.C. area.


Premise: What are smaller insectivorous birds referred to?

Hypothesis: Many of the smaller insectivorous birds including the warblers, hummingbirds and flycatchers migrate large distances, usually at night.


Premise: Which Sun staffers were arrested?

Hypothesis: All five arrested were held on suspicion of corruption.


Premise: What was the former name of the Comcast Building, location of GE's main offices?

Hypothesis: Its main offices are located at 30 Rockefeller Plaza at Rockefeller Center in New York City, known now as the Comcast Building.


Premise: Who polices incorporated areas of Tennessee's counties?

Hypothesis: Each Sheriff's Office is responsible for warrant service, court security, jail operations and primary law enforcement in the unincorporated areas of a county as well as providing support to the municipal police departments.


Premise: What type of penalty can importing plants and animals into Antarctica bring?

Hypothesis: The introduction of alien plants or animals can bring a criminal penalty, as can the extraction of any indigenous species.


Premise: What created a primordial atmosphere on earth?

Hypothesis: The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Earth's mass impacting the planet in a glancing blow.


Premise: At what event was Kinect announced?

Hypothesis: It was first announced on June 1, 2009 at the Electronic Entertainment Expo, under the codename, Project Natal.


Premise: What type of trib were the Hephthalites?

Hypothesis: Some of them were driven out of India and others were assimilated in the Indian society.


Premise: What were interiors seeking to recreate?

Hypothesis: The new interiors sought to recreate an authentically Roman and genuinely interior vocabulary.


Premise: What type of American crews came down in China following the Doolittle raid?

Hypothesis: Following the Doolittle Raid, most of the B-25 American crews that came down in China eventually made it to safety with the help of Chinese civilians and soldiers.


Premise: Activity trackers are an example of what?

Hypothesis: Wifi, Bluetooth, and cell phone network on any of these devices could be used as attack vectors, and sensors might be remotely activated after a successful breach.


Premise: What did Cerberus guard?

Hypothesis: In Norse mythology, a bloody, four-eyed dog called Garmr guards Helheim.


Premise: What is avidya?

Hypothesis: Within Buddhism, samsara is defined as the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death that arises from ordinary beings' grasping and fixating on a self and experiences.


Premise: What Marvel character was specifically created to appeal to the UK market?

Hypothesis: At the 1975 event, Stan Lee used a Fantastic Four panel discussion to announce that Jack Kirby, the artist co-creator of most of Marvel's signature characters, was returning to Marvel after having left in 1970 to work for rival DC Comics.


Premise: On what date was the 1924 Soviet Constitution adopted?

Hypothesis: Later treaty was included in the 1924 Soviet Constitution,[clarification needed] adopted on January 31, 1924 by the Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR.


Premise: Beyonce starred with Cuba Gooding Jr. in which film?

Hypothesis: In July 2002, Beyoncé continued her acting career playing Foxxy Cleopatra alongside Mike Myers in the comedy film, Austin Powers in Goldmember, which spent its first weekend atop the US box office and grossed $73 million.


Premise: Which interstate would you take to go to Jackson Florida from Tuscon Arizona?

Hypothesis: Interstate 10, which runs southeast to northwest through town, connects Tucson to Phoenix to the northwest on the way to its western terminus in Santa Monica, California, and to Las Cruces, New Mexico and El Paso, Texas toward its eastern terminus in Jacksonville, Florida. I-19 runs south from Tucson toward Nogales and the U.S.-Mexico border.


Premise: Who aided the Yongle Emperor?

Hypothesis: On March 10, 1403, the Yongle Emperor invited Deshin Shekpa, 5th Karmapa Lama (1384–1415), to his court, even though the fourth Karmapa had rejected the invitation of the Hongwu Emperor.


Premise: Who listed Ray of Light as "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time?"

Hypothesis: In 2003, Slant Magazine called it "one of the great pop masterpieces of the '90s" and Rolling Stone listed it among "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time".


Premise: What garment was worn by male gendered adults to convey their status as a citizen of Rome?

Hypothesis: The toga virilis, (or toga pura) was worn by men over the age of 16 to signify their citizenship in Rome.


Premise: What theorized that time and energy can be measured?

Hypothesis: Werner Heisenberg's uncertainty principle formulated in 1927, predict a fundamental limit within which instantaneous position and momentum, or energy and time can be measured.


Premise: What is another name for an exposure index rating?

Hypothesis: The usual design is that the camera's parameters for interpreting the sensor data values into sRGB values are fixed, and a number of different EI choices are accommodated by varying the sensor's signal gain in the analog realm, prior to conversion to digital.


Premise: When was the term middle east common as a noun and adjective?

Hypothesis: The term middle east as a noun and adjective was common in the 19th century in nearly every context except diplomacy and archaeology.


Premise: What tribe did Safia Farkash belong to?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi's second wife was Safia Farkash, née el-Brasai, a former nurse from Obeidat tribe born in Bayda.


Premise: Where does most of Greece's renewable energy come from?

Hypothesis: In line with the European Commission's Directive on Renewable Energy, Greece aims to get 18% of its energy from renewable sources by 2020.


Premise: What appliance requires more energy due to the use of incandescent lighting?

Hypothesis: When used for lighting in houses and commercial buildings, the energy lost to heat can significantly increase the energy required by a building's air conditioning system.


Premise: What percentage of articles in 1996 employed a bio-race paradigm?

Hypothesis: According to one academic journal entry, where 78 percent of the articles in the 1931 Journal of Physical Anthropology employed these or nearly synonymous terms reflecting a bio-race paradigm, only 36 percent did so in 1965, and just 28 percent did in 1996.


Premise: What football team is based in Bern?

Hypothesis: The football team BSC Young Boys is based in Bern at the Stade de Suisse Wankdorf, which also was one of the venues for the European football championship 2008 in which it hosted 3 matches.


Premise: What would you call a microbrewery that also has a restaurant or a pub?

Hypothesis: A brewpub is a type of microbrewery that incorporates a pub or other eating establishment.


Premise: What is the name for the time preceding the Code of Canon Law?

Hypothesis: In relation to the Code, history can be divided into the jus vetus (all law before the Code) and the jus novum (the law of the Code, or jus codicis).


Premise: Who wrote Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects?

Hypothesis: Leon Battista Alberti, who elaborates on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De Re Aedificatoria, saw beauty primarily as a matter of proportion, although ornament also played a part.


Premise: Which language has a word for "green" that is comparable to a Mongolian word for "meadow"?

Hypothesis: The Turkic languages also have jašɨl "green" or "yellowish green", compared to a Mongolian word for "meadow".


Premise: Why were mosaics destroyed in the iconoclastic era?

Hypothesis: The Iconoclastic churches were embellished with plain gold mosaics with only one great cross in the apse like the Hagia Irene in Constantinople (after 740).


Premise: What was John Cabot's sons first name?

Hypothesis: Sebastian Cabot declares in a handwritten Latin text in his original 1545 map, that the St. John's earned its name when he and his father, the Venetian explorer John Cabot became the first Europeans to sail into the harbour, in the morning of 24 June 1494 (against British and French historians stating 1497), the feast day of Saint John the Baptist.


Premise: How much did Dell profit in its first year?

Hypothesis: The company grossed more than $73 million in its first year of operation.


Premise: Besides vocabulary and grammar, what other diffinence is there from other similar area languages?

Hypothesis: Catalan shares many traits with its neighboring Romance languages.


Premise: What agency internationally regulates dioxins?

Hypothesis: Dioxins are recognized as a persistent environmental pollutant, regulated internationally by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.


Premise: What subtypes of polychaetes were useless classifications, according to the 2007 study?

Hypothesis: It also concluded that the classification of polychaetes into Scolecida, Canalipalpata and Aciculata was useless, as the members of these alleged groups were scattered all over the family tree derived from comparing the 81 taxa.


Premise: Which Sanskrit literary language has been influenced by the Middle Indo-Aryan languages?

Hypothesis: A significant form of post-Vedic Sanskrit is found in the Sanskrit of Indian epic poetry—the Ramayana and Mahabharata.


Premise: What is the feature of zinc sufide that makes it useful in television screens?

Hypothesis: It is also used to make other chemicals.


Premise: When was independence declared?

Hypothesis: Recognition became universal following the 25 April 1974 socialist-inspired military coup in Portugal, which overthrew Lisbon's Estado Novo regime.


Premise: Where was pepsi first produced?

Hypothesis: A regional soft drink, Cheerwine, was created and is still based in the city of Salisbury.


Premise: Which type of oily animals where also used as lamps after being threaded with wick?

Hypothesis: Oily animals (birds and fish) were also used as lamps after being threaded with a wick.


Premise: What other age occurred at the same time as the Islamic Golden Age?

Hypothesis: The Abbasids were influenced by the Quranic injunctions and hadiths, such as "the ink of a scholar is more holy than the blood of a martyr," that stressed the value of knowledge.


Premise: What style of architecture is the A.C. Goode House?

Hypothesis: Some of the most architecturally noteworthy historic buildings include the World Heritage Site-listed Royal Exhibition Building, constructed over a two-year period for the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880, A.C. Goode House, a Neo Gothic building located on Collins Street designed by Wright, Reed & Beaver (1891), William Pitt's Venetian Gothic style Old Stock Exchange (1888), William Wardell's Gothic Bank (1883) which features some of Melbourne's finest interiors, the incomplete Parliament House, St Paul's Cathedral (1891) and Flinders Street Station (1909), which was the busiest commuter railway station in the world in the mid-1920s.


Premise: What networks do USB not support?

Hypothesis: The standard connectors were deliberately intended to enforce the directed topology of a USB network:


Premise: How big can be the transformation level?

Hypothesis: The length of DNA transferred during B. subtilis transformation can be between a third of a chromosome up to the whole chromosome.


Premise: Who was William Goetz's father-in-law?

Hypothesis: In 1945, the British entrepreneur J. Arthur Rank, hoping to expand his American presence, bought into a four-way merger with Universal, the independent company International Pictures, and producer Kenneth Young.


Premise: Why were naval skirmishes not really seen in the Korean War?

Hypothesis: The last sea battle of the Korean War occurred at Inchon, days before the Battle of Incheon; the ROK ship PC-703 sank a North Korean mine layer in the Battle of Haeju Island, near Inchon.


Premise: Active zinc mines in India date back to what period?

Hypothesis: The smelting of metallic zinc here, however, appears to have begun around the 12th century AD.


Premise: What deepest part of the ocean was bacteria found?

Hypothesis: On 17 March 2013, researchers reported data that suggested bacterial life forms thrive in the Mariana Trench, which with a depth of up to 11 kilometres is the deepest part of the Earth's oceans.


Premise: When did the first digimon series begin airing in japan?

Hypothesis: Later on in the series, an eighth character was introduced: Hikari "Kari" Kamiya (who is Taichi's younger sister).


Premise: What was Comcast's telecommunication business prior to 1999?

Hypothesis: Comcast sold Comcast Cellular to SBC Communications in 1999 for $400 million, releasing them from $1.27 billion in debt.


Premise: Whose work did the theory of Stanley Schachter build on?

Hypothesis: With his student, Jerome Singer, Schachter demonstrated that subjects can have different emotional reactions despite being placed into the same physiological state with an injection of epinephrine.


Premise: What are the most numerous characters?

Hypothesis: These characters are composed of two parts: one of a limited set of characters (the semantic indicator, often graphically simplified) which suggests the general meaning of the compound character, and another character (the phonetic indicator) whose pronunciation suggests the pronunciation of the compound character.


Premise: The King and Queen were filmed doing what after a bombing?

Hypothesis: One bomb fell in the palace quadrangle while King George VI and Queen Elizabeth were in residence, and many windows were blown in and the chapel destroyed.


Premise: Why are species can be difficult to classify because they?

Hypothesis: Many organisms (of which humans are prime examples) eat from multiple levels of the food chain and, thus, make this classification problematic.


Premise: What did ancient people walk across from Siberia into North America?

Hypothesis: Emigrants from Siberia that walked across the Bering land bridge into North America may have had dogs in their company, and one writer suggests that the use of sled dogs may have been critical to the success of the waves that entered North America roughly 12,000 years ago, although the earliest archaeological evidence of dog-like canids in North America dates from about 9,400 years ago.:104


Premise: What does DIA stand for?

Hypothesis: In spite of this, the Department of Defense recently organized its own global clandestine intelligence service, the Defense Clandestine Service (DCS), under the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA).


Premise: What part of the city is Bannerman Park located by?

Hypothesis: Bannerman Park is a Victorian-style park located near the downtown.


Premise: Who was the son of Yazid?

Hypothesis: Yazid's son Muawiya II (683–84) initially succeeded him but seems to have never been recognized as caliph outside of Syria.


Premise: Where is the British Cemetery Montevideo located?

Hypothesis: The British Cemetery Montevideo (Cementerio Británico) is another of the oldest cemeteries in Uruguay, located in the Buceo neighborhood.


Premise: Why did Wilson rotate officers between communities?

Hypothesis: Strategies employed by O.W. Wilson included rotating officers from community to community to reduce their vulnerability to corruption, establishing of a non-partisan police board to help govern the police force, a strict merit system for promotions within the department, and an aggressive recruiting drive with higher police salaries to attract professionally qualified officers.


Premise: What was the market value of the endowment the college received on July 31, 2015?

Hypothesis: During the year 2014/15, the market value of the endowment increased by £78 million (18%) to £512.4 million on 31 July 2015.


Premise: What was the name of Raghuram Rajan's controversial paper delivered in 2005?

Hypothesis: In that paper, "Has Financial Development Made the World Riskier?", Rajan "argued that disaster might loom."


Premise: What was the total seating capacity of stadiums in the Premier League in the 2010-11 season.

Hypothesis: As of the 2015–16 season, Premier League football has been played in 53 stadiums since the formation of the Premier League in 1992.


Premise: What did Klaproth probably create when he dissolved pitchblende in nitric acid?

Hypothesis: While he was working in his experimental laboratory in Berlin in 1789, Klaproth was able to precipitate a yellow compound (likely sodium diuranate) by dissolving pitchblende in nitric acid and neutralizing the solution with sodium hydroxide.


Premise: What hospital is in the MSA region

Hypothesis: While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include:


Premise: When was Yale Graduate Schools and Arts and Sciences established?

Hypothesis: Yale expanded gradually, establishing the Yale School of Medicine (1810), Yale Divinity School (1822), Yale Law School (1843), Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1847), the Sheffield Scientific School (1847), and the Yale School of Fine Arts (1869).


Premise: In what month did the King veto the Arms and Ammunitions Amendment Bill?

Hypothesis: In November 2011, the assembly adopted an Arms and Ammunitions (Amendment) Bill, which reduced the possible criminal sentences for the illicit possession of firearms.


Premise: All PID bytes include how many 0 bits?

Hypothesis: Since all PID bytes include four 0 bits, they leave the bus in the full-bandwidth K state, which is the same as the low-bandwidth J state.


Premise: What type of government does New York City have?

Hypothesis: New York City has been a metropolitan municipality with a mayor-council form of government since its consolidation in 1898.


Premise: What did the 1946 constitution establish Brazzaville as?

Hypothesis: The Brazzaville Conference of 1944 heralded a period of major reform in French colonial policy.


Premise: What prompts darkness over the land in old literary works?

Hypothesis: This image of darkness over the land would have been understood by ancient readers, a typical element in the description of the death of kings and other major figures by writers such as Philo, Dio Cassius, Virgil, Plutarch and Josephus.


Premise: What is St. Patrick's Street curved?

Hypothesis: St. Patrick's Street, the main street of the city which was remodelled in the mid-2000s, is known for the architecture of the buildings along its pedestrian-friendly route and is the main shopping thoroughfare.


Premise: What is BYU replacing it's incandescent lighting with?

Hypothesis: " BYU is working to increase the energy efficiency of its buildings by installing various speed drives on all pumps and fans, replacing incandescent lighting with fluorescent lighting, retrofitting campus buildings with low-E reflective glass, and upgraded roof insulation to prevent heat loss.


Premise: What were the results of those exemption petitions?

Hypothesis: Of these six, one was granted, one was partially granted, one was denied and three were withdrawn.


Premise: Who was he accused of harming?

Hypothesis: Accused of mistreating Arians and Meletians, Athanasius answered those charges at a gathering of bishops in Tyre, the First Synod of Tyre, in 335.


Premise: When was Madonna born?

Hypothesis: Madonna Louise Ciccone (/tʃɪˈkoʊni/; Italian: [tʃikˈkoːne]; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman.


Premise: What 1995 mayor of New Haven sought to reinvent the area into a northeastern hub of art and culture?

Hypothesis: The NHAC, built adjacent to Hillhouse High School, is used for New Haven public schools athletics, as well as large-scale area and state sporting events; it is the largest high school indoor sports complex in the state.


Premise: What kind of Republic did some insurgents declare Alsace-Lorraine?

Hypothesis: On 11 November 1918 (Armistice Day), communist insurgents proclaimed a "soviet government" in Strasbourg, following the example of Kurt Eisner in Munich as well as other German towns.


Premise: Upon taking the throne of Hungary where did Sigismund establish his court?

Hypothesis: Inheriting the throne of Bohemia and the Holy Roman Empire, Sigismund continued conducting his politics from Hungary, but he was kept busy fighting the Hussites and the Ottoman Empire, which was becoming a menace to Europe in the beginning of the 15th century.


Premise: When Andreessen left the company he worked for, what new company did he start?

Hypothesis: In 1993, browser software was further innovated by Marc Andreessen with the release of Mosaic, "the world's first popular browser", which made the World Wide Web system easy to use and more accessible to the average person.


Premise: In what style was the temple to Minerva built?

Hypothesis: By the end of the regal period Rome had developed into a city-state, with a large plebeian, artisan class excluded from the old patrician gentes and from the state priesthoods.


Premise: Who has argued that emotions are discrete?

Hypothesis: Ekman's most influential work revolved around the finding that certain emotions appeared to be universally recognized, even in cultures that were preliterate and could not have learned associations for facial expressions through media.


Premise: What was John W. O'Daniel's nickname?

Hypothesis: Early in 1953, the French asked Eisenhower for help in French Indochina against the Communists, supplied from China, who were fighting the First Indochina War.


Premise: What elements mix for Egyptian music?

Hypothesis: Egyptians used music instruments since then.


Premise: How many professional degree college students were in Oklahoma in 2007?

Hypothesis: In the 2007–2008 school year, there were 181,973 undergraduate students, 20,014 graduate students, and 4,395 first-professional degree students enrolled in Oklahoma colleges.


Premise: How many troops were dispatched by the Chengdu military?

Hypothesis: On the same day, the Chengdu Military Region Command dispatched 50,000 troops and armed police to help with disaster relief work in Wenchuan County.


Premise: How many murders did Detroit have in 2015?

Hypothesis: At year-end 2015, Detroit had 295 criminal homicides, down slightly from 299 in 2014.


Premise: Where did Eisenhower send 15,000 military personnel in 1958?

Hypothesis: In his January 17, 1961 farewell address to the nation, Eisenhower expressed his concerns about the dangers of massive military spending, particularly deficit spending and government contracts to private military manufacturers, and coined the term "military–industrial complex".


Premise: Who added a Perpendicular style chapel?

Hypothesis: Henry VII added a Perpendicular style chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1503 (known as the Henry VII Chapel or the "Lady Chapel").


Premise: What kind of network does SURE provide it's service from?

Hypothesis: In August 2011 the first fibre-optic link has been installed on the island, which connects the television receive antennas at Bryant's Beacon to the Cable & Wireless Technical Centre in the Briars.


Premise: What was the result from the discontinuation of using the line for deliveries?

Hypothesis: It uses the right-of-way for the Santa Monica Air Line that provided electric-powered freight and passenger service between Los Angeles and Santa Monica beginning in the 1920s.


Premise: What does ACL stand for?

Hypothesis: This does not mean practical flaws exist in all ACL-based systems, but only that the designers of certain utilities must take responsibility to ensure that they do not introduce flaws.[citation needed]


Premise: How big was the impact the Sonderbundskrieg had on the psychology and society of the Swiss and Switzerland?

Hypothesis: Yet however minor the Sonderbundskrieg appears compared with other European riots and wars in the 19th century, it nevertheless had a major impact on both the psychology and the society of the Swiss and of Switzerland.


Premise: What was the new track for Love Songs?

Hypothesis: In January 2013, Destiny's Child released Love Songs, a compilation album of the romance-themed songs from their previous albums and a newly recorded track, "Nuclear".


Premise: In what Italian province was Giovanni Battista Montini born?

Hypothesis: On 30 September 1897, he was baptized in the name of Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini.


Premise: Who replaced Sony in 2010 as Idol's music label?

Hypothesis: In 2005-2007, BMG partnered with Sony Music Entertainment to form a joint venture known as Sony BMG Music Entertainment.


Premise: Apple has remained profitable since what time?

Hypothesis: Regardless of the Mac's market share, Apple has remained profitable since Steve Jobs' return and the company's subsequent reorganization.


Premise: What was marked by succession of wars, famines, and other disasters in the 20th century?

Hypothesis: Stephen J. Lee estimates that, by the end of World War II in 1945, the Russian population was about 90 million fewer than it could have been otherwise.


Premise: What does the religious rites performed before battle suggest that the camp has become?

Hypothesis: The perimeter procession and sacrifice suggest the entire camp as a divine templum; all within are purified and protected.


Premise: What is the track "moDernisT" an anagram of?

Hypothesis: A detailed account of the techniques used to isolate the sounds deleted during MP3 compression, along with the conceptual motivation for the project, was published in the 2014 Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference.


Premise: What encouraged the change of faith ?

Hypothesis: The spiritual revolution that took place, saw a waning of the old Greek religion, whose decline beginning in the 3rd century BC continued with the introduction of new religious movements from the East.


Premise: Who was BYU supported by before being sponsored by the LDS Church?

Hypothesis: At that time, the school was also still privately supported by members of the community and was not absorbed and sponsored officially by the LDS Church until July 18, 1896.


Premise: On whose behalf did Pat-rights take Apple to court?

Hypothesis: The latter case also includes the online music stores of Sony, RealNetworks, Napster, and Musicmatch as defendants.


Premise: What percentage of people in the United Kingdom describe themselves as non-religious?

Hypothesis: The portion of people without a religion is 32.9%; above the national average of 24.7%.


Premise: In what decade did movie theaters become popular?

Hypothesis: Many of Paris' concert/dance halls were transformed into movie theatres when the media became popular beginning in the 1930s.


Premise: What is the warmest month in Estonia?

Hypothesis: Estonia is situated in the northern part of the temperate climate zone and in the transition zone between maritime and continental climate.


Premise: Geologically what is Indonesia's region most active for?

Hypothesis: Geologically, the Indonesian Archipelago is one of the most volcanically active regions in the world.


Premise: When were the economic laws passed in Mexico City?

Hypothesis: The politics pursued by the administrations of heads of government in Mexico City since the second half of the 20th century have usually been more liberal than those of the rest of the country, whether with the support of the federal government—as was the case with the approval of several comprehensive environmental laws in the 1980s—or through laws recently approved by the Legislative Assembly.


Premise: On what date was John XXIII and Pope John Paul II declared saints?

Hypothesis: On Sunday, 27 April 2014, John XXIII and Pope John Paul II were declared saints on Divine Mercy Sunday.


Premise: Who is quoted for saying instruments in religious services are like "A cow bell in a concert"

Hypothesis: Alexander Campbell referred to the use of an instrument in worship as "a cow bell in a concert".


Premise: What direction is Norfolk Island in relation to Australia?

Hypothesis: Norfolk Island is located in the South Pacific Ocean, east of the Australian mainland.


Premise: What is Catalan verbal inflection ?

Hypothesis: Like all the Romance languages, Catalan verbal inflection is more complex than the nominal.


Premise: What is Florida's nickname

Hypothesis: Central Florida is known as the lightning capital of the United States, as it experiences more lightning strikes than anywhere else in the country.


Premise: Along with Port Miami, Watson Island and Brickell, what area is in Downtown Miami?

Hypothesis: East of Downtown, across Biscayne Bay is South Beach.


Premise: The website, thetimes.co.uk, is aimed at what kind of reader?

Hypothesis: The Times and The Sunday Times have had an online presence since March 1999, originally at the-times.co.uk and sunday-times.co.uk, and later at timesonline.co.uk.


Premise: What climate type does Brasilia have?

Hypothesis: Brasília has a tropical savanna climate (Aw) according to the Köppen system, with two distinct seasons: the rainy season, from October to April, and a dry season, from May to September.


Premise: How many records combined have Beyoncé and Jay Z sold?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé appeared as Jay Z's girlfriend in the music video for the song, which would further fuel speculation of their relationship.


Premise: What part of the computer has memory cells called registers?

Hypothesis: The CPU contains a special set of memory cells called registers that can be read and written to much more rapidly than the main memory area.


Premise: How much did Melbourne's population increase within months of the gold rush?

Hypothesis: The discovery of gold in Victoria in mid 1851 led to the Victorian gold rush, and Melbourne, which served as the major port and provided most services for the region, experienced rapid growth.


Premise: What channel is Killing Kennedy on?

Hypothesis: In 2015 Richmond will be the main filming location for the upcoming PBS drama series Mercy Street, which will premiere in Winter 2016.


Premise: Who was the IBM ceo in November 2008?

Hypothesis: On March 1, 2011, IBM announced the Smarter Computing framework to support Smarter Planet.


Premise: What is expected of newcomers?

Hypothesis: New performers are expected to "pay their dues" for a few years by working in lower-profile promotions and working as ring crew before working their way upward.


Premise: Who assists CAR with telecommunications?

Hypothesis: In addition, the Central African Republic receives international support on telecommunication related operations from ITU Telecommunication Development Sector (ITU-D) within the International Telecommunication Union to improve infrastructure.


Premise: What was considered to be more important to some than serving the local government?

Hypothesis: When the government became noticeably corrupt in mid-to-late Eastern Han, many gentrymen even considered the cultivation of morally grounded personal relationships more important than serving in public office.


Premise: Where is Thomas DeGregori from?

Hypothesis: So, while the struggle to end child labour is necessary, getting there often requires taking different routes—and, sadly, there are many political obstacles.


Premise: Along with wood carving, architecture and pottery, what is a notable Somali artistic tradition?

Hypothesis: Somali art is the artistic culture of the Somali people, both historic and contemporary.


Premise: After being yelled at by a priest as a child, what place of worship would Tito refuse to enter again?

Hypothesis: As an adult, he frequently declared that he was an atheist.


Premise: What is the SI unit of illuminace and luminous emittance?

Hypothesis: It is analogous to the radiometric unit watts per square metre, but with the power at each wavelength weighted according to the luminosity function, a standardized model of human visual brightness perception.


Premise: What showed that memory exists even before that memory is known to the person?

Hypothesis: Some neuroscientists and psychologists mistakenly equate the concept of engram and memory, broadly conceiving all persisting after-effects of experiences as memory; others argue against this notion that memory does not exist until it is revealed in behavior or thought (Moscovitch 2007).


Premise: How many miles was the relay in England?

Hypothesis: The 48 km (30 mi) leg took a total of seven and a half hours to complete, and attracted protests by pro-Tibetan independence and pro-Human Rights supporters, prompting changes to the planned route and an unscheduled move onto a bus, which was then briefly halted by protestors.


Premise: In a 1977 poll, what percentage of respondents preferred life imprisonment to the death penalty?

Hypothesis: In 2010, for instance, one poll showed 49 percent favoring the death penalty and 46 percent favoring life imprisonment while in another 61% said they preferred another punishment to the death penalty.


Premise: What parameter is requiret to restore a database?

Hypothesis: Sometimes it is desired to bring a database back to a previous state (for many reasons, e.g., cases when the database is found corrupted due to a software error, or if it has been updated with erroneous data).


Premise: What is caused by inhaling freshly formed zinc oxide?

Hypothesis: There is evidence of induced copper deficiency in those taking 100–300 mg of zinc daily.


Premise: What type of language was Low German in the Middle Ages?

Hypothesis: The Low German varieties spoken in Germany are often counted among the German dialects.


Premise: What is the combined group of the interparliamentary Baltic Assembly and the intergovernmental Baltic Council of Ministers?

Hypothesis: Parliamentary co-operation between the Baltic Assembly and Nordic Council began in 1989.


Premise: On what date did the CTRC approve the shut down of CBC's analogue transmitters?

Hypothesis: On July 31, 2012, at around 11:59 p.m. in each time zone, the remaining 620 analogue transmitters were shut down, leaving the network with 27 digital television transmitters across the country, and some transmitters operated by some affiliated stations.


Premise: What does KUSMS stand for?

Hypothesis: It was established in 1972 and started to impart medical education from 1978.


Premise: Who was a correspondent for season two?

Hypothesis: Kristin Adams was a correspondent for this season.


Premise: When did the Great Schism end?

Hypothesis: During the tumultuous 14th century, disputes within the leadership of the Church led to the Avignon Papacy of 1305–78, also called the "Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy" (a reference to the Babylonian captivity of the Jews), and then to the Great Schism, lasting from 1378 to 1418, when there were two and later three rival popes, each supported by several states.


Premise: What nation attained full independence as a result of the Russo-Turkish war?

Hypothesis: The Russo-Turkish War (1877–78) ended with a decisive victory for Russia.


Premise: What person wrote The Incoherence of the Philosophers?

Hypothesis: Ibn Tufail wrote the first Arabic novel Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus) as a response to Al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers, and then Ibn al-Nafis also wrote a novel Theologus Autodidactus as a response to Ibn Tufail's Philosophus Autodidactus.


Premise: How much money a month do the parking meters bring in?

Hypothesis: come on, come on"), who ask drivers for a fee to park, in theory to guard the car, but with the implicit threat that the franelero will damage the car if the fee is not paid.


Premise: What is the largest country that was included among the seven promoted countries?

Hypothesis: This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula.


Premise: When does Seattle get it lowest levels of precipitation?

Hypothesis: In November, Seattle averages more rainfall than any other U.S. city of more than 250,000 people; it also ranks highly in winter precipitation.


Premise: How much land did Bronck eventually own?

Hypothesis: Dutch and English settlers referred to the area as Bronck's Land.


Premise: Who argued that regulations led to excessive lending to risky governments?

Hypothesis: Johan Norberg argues that regulations (Basel III among others) have indeed led to excessive lending to risky governments (see European sovereign-debt crisis) and the ECB pursues even more lending as the solution.


Premise: How is a membership organization run?

Hypothesis: A board-only organization typically has a self-selected board, and a membership whose powers are limited to those delegated to it by the board.


Premise: As of 2012, how many Jewish people lived in the New York metropolitan area?

Hypothesis: It is home to the largest Jewish as well as Israeli communities outside Israel, with the Jewish population in the region numbering over 1.5 million in 2012 and including many diverse Jewish sects from around the Middle East and Eastern Europe.


Premise: What is the probability of molecule to have energy greater than or equal to E at the given temperature T?

Hypothesis: Some energy is transferred between the surroundings and the reactants of the reaction in the form of heat or light; thus the products of a reaction may have more or less energy than the reactants.


Premise: Where was the The Maratha Empire centralized?

Hypothesis: In 1761, the Maratha army lost the Third Battle of Panipat which halted imperial expansion and the empire was then divided into a confederacy of Maratha states.


Premise: About how many schools across the country is ICG active in?

Hypothesis: ICG is active in 15 cities around the country and serves over 250,000 children in over 400 schools countrywide.


Premise: Along with William James, who was an influential 19th century theorist?

Hypothesis: James was an American psychologist and philosopher who wrote about educational psychology, psychology of religious experience/mysticism, and the philosophy of pragmatism.


Premise: How much did Spectre make in its first week?

Hypothesis: In the film's first seven days it grossed £41.7 million ($63.8 million), breaking the UK record for highest first-week opening, set by Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban's £23.88 million ($36.9 million) in 2004.


Premise: After losing the battle of Guilford Courthouse, Cornawallis moved his troops where?

Hypothesis: Following this "Pyrrhic victory", Cornwallis chose to move to the Virginia coastline to get reinforcements, and to allow the Royal Navy to protect his battered army.


Premise: How long does winter last?

Hypothesis: Winter lasts from late November till mid March.


Premise: When did the torch arrive in Muscat?

Hypothesis: One of the torchbearers was Syrian actress Sulaf Fawakherji.


Premise: What year did Nasser die?

Hypothesis: He was diagnosed with diabetes in the early 1960s and by the time of his death in 1970, he also had arteriosclerosis, heart disease, and high blood pressure.


Premise: How could conscription into military service be avoided?

Hypothesis: When central authority collapsed after 189 AD, wealthy landowners, members of the aristocracy/nobility, and regional military-governors relied upon their retainers to act as their own personal troops (buqu 部曲).


Premise: Who has had many Concertos written for him?

Hypothesis: He has performed and recorded these works with the Sydney Symphony Orchestra and the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra.


Premise: What organization did Servius Tullius found?

Hypothesis: Each of Rome's legendary or semi-legendary kings was associated with one or more religious institutions still known to the later Republic.


Premise: What growth stage of insects bore holes into trees?

Hypothesis: Every broken limb or root, or deep wound from fire, insects, or falling timber, may afford an entrance for decay, which, once started, may penetrate to all parts of the trunk.


Premise: Which President allowed Tsimshian settlers to inhabit Annette Island?

Hypothesis: Numerous indigenous peoples occupied Alaska for thousands of years before the arrival of European peoples to the area.


Premise: What agency is in charge of intelligence requirements?

Hypothesis: These activities enable the synchronization and integration of collection, processing, exploitation, analysis, and dissemination activities/resources to meet information requirements of national and military decision makers.


Premise: Where is the site of the original colonial settlement of Kingston, Norfolk Islands, currently located?

Hypothesis: A downward slope exists towards Slaughter Bay and Emily Bay, the site of the original colonial settlement of Kingston.


Premise: How many people are living in Tajikistan?

Hypothesis: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi).


Premise: Beloved is a term for God used by which style of Quranic interpretation?

Hypothesis: From the Sufi point of view, God is the always the beloved and the wayfarer's longing and suffering lead to realization of the truths.


Premise: Into what larger waterway do the West Haven Harbor and New Haven Harbor recess as embayments?

Hypothesis: The West River discharges into West Haven Harbor, while the Mill and Quinnipiac rivers discharge into New Haven Harbor.


Premise: Who published the Ivory Tower Survey?

Hypothesis: However, after Kerry's first six months in the State Department, a Gallup poll found he had high approval ratings among Americans as Secretary of State.


Premise: Along with Frank Sinatra, Doris Day, Johnny Mathis, Nat King Cole, and Perry Como, who was a prominent early adult contemporary radio artist?

Hypothesis: The custom recordings were usually instrumental versions of current or recent rock and roll or pop hit songs, a move intended to give the stations more mass appeal without selling out.


Premise: What did Elizabeth's speech on 24 November, 1992 mark?

Hypothesis: In March, her second son, Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and his wife, Sarah, separated; in April, her daughter, Princess Anne, divorced Captain Mark Phillips; during a state visit to Germany in October, angry demonstrators in Dresden threw eggs at her; and, in November, a large fire broke out at Windsor Castle, one of her official residences.


Premise: How do people know which days to not drive their car?

Hypothesis: There is an environmental program, called Hoy No Circula ("Today Does Not Run", or "One Day without a Car"), whereby vehicles that have not passed emissions testing are restricted from circulating on certain days according to the ending digit of their license plates; this in an attempt to cut down on pollution and traffic congestion.


Premise: Who was not pleased by de Melo's second marriage?

Hypothesis: King John V of Portugal, however, was not pleased and recalled Melo to Portugal in 1749.


Premise: Some animals and reptiles native to Florida

Hypothesis: A peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.


Premise: In which century were gold dollars minted?

Hypothesis: Minting of these dollars for circulation was suspended in 1980 (collectors' pieces were struck in 1981), but, as with all past U.S. coins, they remain legal tender.


Premise: How much did Beyonce initially contribute to the foundation?

Hypothesis: After Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Beyoncé and Rowland founded the Survivor Foundation to provide transitional housing for victims in the Houston area, to which Beyoncé contributed an initial $250,000.


Premise: What was the highest temperature recorded in Houston?

Hypothesis: In 1980, Houston was described as the "most air-conditioned place on earth".


Premise: What year did the Union Castle shipping line slowly start to reduce their service calls to the island?

Hypothesis: From 1958, the Union Castle shipping line gradually reduced its service calls to the island.


Premise: What's the name of the Coldplay drummer from Southampton?

Hypothesis: James Zabiela, a highly regarded and recognised name in dance music, is also from Southampton.


Premise: In which year was Campus Martius open?

Hypothesis: In 2001, the first portion of the International Riverfront was completed as a part of the city's 300th anniversary celebration, with miles of parks and associated landscaping completed in succeeding years.


Premise: What do scholars believe is missing from madaris that prevent them from being considered universities?

Hypothesis: Despite the many similarities, medieval specialists have coined the term "Islamic college" for madrasa and jāmiʻah to differentiate them from the legally autonomous corporations that the medieval European universities were.


Premise: What are European revolutions known as in other countries?

Hypothesis: The European Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution, were a series of political upheavals throughout the European continent.


Premise: How many days did people carry the Olympic torch before the 2008 Summer Olympics?

Hypothesis: ) – the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics.


Premise: What do most open education sources offer?

Hypothesis: Presently, many of the major open education sources offer their own form of certificate.


Premise: What is the name of the amphitheater located inside the Botanical Gardens?

Hypothesis: One of the more prominent landmarks downtown is the Crystal Bridge at the Myriad Botanical Gardens, a large downtown urban park.


Premise: Konrad Zuse was an engineer with what nationality?

Hypothesis: These devices had a low operating speed and were eventually superseded by much faster all-electric computers, originally using vacuum tubes.


Premise: What historic landmark is near the entrance to the Berggarten?

Hypothesis: The Mausoleum of the Guelphs is also located in the Berggarten.


Premise: When did Russia's United Shipbuilding Corporation expect to begin design work for a new carrier?

Hypothesis: Speaking in St. Petersburg, Russia on 30 June 2011, the head of Russia's United Shipbuilding Corporation said his company expected to begin design work for a new carrier in 2016, with a goal of beginning construction in 2018 and having the carrier achieve initial operational capability by 2023.


Premise: Tajikistan is thrid in the world for what type of confiscations?

Hypothesis: Tajikistan holds third place in the world for heroin and raw opium confiscations (1216.3 kg of heroin and 267.8 kg of raw opium in the first half of 2006).


Premise: How is torque determined?

Hypothesis: All the electromagnetic motors, and that includes the types mentioned here derive the torque from the vector product of the interacting fields.


Premise: Queen's song Now I'm Here reached what number on the British charts?

Hypothesis: The single "Killer Queen" from Sheer Heart Attack reached number two on the British charts, and became their first US hit, reaching number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100.


Premise: What case notably upheld the use of a method of lethal injection?

Hypothesis: In the 2006 Hill v. McDonough case, however, the United States Supreme Court approved the use of Section 1983 as a vehicle for challenging a state's method of execution as cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment.


Premise: The mosaics uncovered in Libya were from which century?

Hypothesis: In 2000 archaeologists working in Leptis Magna, Libya, uncovered a 30 ft length of five colorful mosaics created during the 1st or 2nd century AD.


Premise: Who was the Prime Minister of the British Government in 1853?

Hypothesis: The Leader of the Opposition in the British House of Commons, Benjamin Disraeli, blamed Aberdeen and Stratford's actions for making war inevitable, thus starting the process which would eventually force the Aberdeen government to resign in January 1855, over the war.


Premise: What system, like Saturn, does Neptune have?

Hypothesis: The rings may consist of ice particles coated with silicates or carbon-based material, which most likely gives them a reddish hue.


Premise: Which part of the brain is associated with the memory loss an elderly person suffers?

Hypothesis: Research has revealed that individuals’ performance on memory tasks that rely on frontal regions declines with age.


Premise: The architecture of the chapter house is contemporary with what?

Hypothesis: These are virtually contemporary with the Sainte-Chapelle, Paris.


Premise: What does the work Graecia mean?

Hypothesis: However, the name Hellas is sometimes used in English as well.


Premise: What percent of votes did Cronin get against Kerry?

Hypothesis: In the final days of the campaign, Kerry sensed that it was "slipping away" and Cronin emerged victorious by 110,970 votes (53.45%) to Kerry's 92,847 (44.72%).


Premise: What influence did Madonna music video reflects?

Hypothesis: Madonna's initial music videos reflected her American and Hispanic mixed street style combined with a flamboyant glamor.


Premise: What political speaches are delivered in English and Spanish?

Hypothesis: The State of the Union Addresses and other presidential speeches are translated to Spanish, following the precedent set by the Bill Clinton administration.


Premise: Who estimated the annual potential of solar energy in 2000?

Hypothesis: This is several times larger than the total world energy consumption, which was 559.8 EJ in 2012.


Premise: Where were the use of advanced materials and techniques on display in Sumer?

Hypothesis: Sumerian temples and palaces made use of more advanced materials and techniques,[citation needed] such as buttresses, recesses, half columns, and clay nails.


Premise: After his marriage, Napoleon left Paris to lead what army?

Hypothesis: He immediately went on the offensive, hoping to defeat the forces of Piedmont before their Austrian allies could intervene.


Premise: What does REF stand for?

Hypothesis: Imperial submitted a total of 1,257 staff across 14 units of assessment to the 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF) assessment.


Premise: Which two people helped lift Victoria's body into the coffin?

Hypothesis: One of Albert's dressing gowns was placed by her side, with a plaster cast of his hand, while a lock of John Brown's hair, along with a picture of him, was placed in her left hand concealed from the view of the family by a carefully positioned bunch of flowers.


Premise: What did Nasser do after the war ended?

Hypothesis: After the war, Nasser returned to his role as an instructor at the Royal Military Academy.


Premise: WHen was District de la region parisienne reorganised?

Hypothesis: This problem was 'resolved' when its parent "District de la région parisienne" (Paris region) was reorganised into several new departments from 1968


Premise: What was Chopin responsible for making popular with Euorpeans?

Hypothesis: His waltzes were also written specifically for the salon recital rather than the ballroom and are frequently at rather faster tempos than their dance-floor equivalents.


Premise: Excerpts were taken from which reference compact disc to assess the subjective quality of the MPEG audio formats?

Hypothesis: Some more critical audio excerpts (glockenspiel, triangle, accordion, etc.) were taken from the EBU V3/SQAM reference compact disc and have been used by professional sound engineers to assess the subjective quality of the MPEG Audio formats.


Premise: Being close to what commercial area gives Estonia a competitive advantage?

Hypothesis: Estonia has had a market economy since the end of the 1990s and one of the highest per capita income levels in Eastern Europe.


Premise: What usually follows an initial inquiry of a candidate?

Hypothesis: Once the initial inquiry is made, an interview usually follows to determine the candidate's suitability.


Premise: Who became the emperor?

Hypothesis: A compromise candidate in the person of Hong Taiji's five-year-old son, Fulin, was installed as the Shunzhi Emperor, with Dorgon as regent and de facto leader of the Manchu nation.


Premise: Since what version can already existing characters no longer be added to the standard?

Hypothesis: Unicode was designed to provide code-point-by-code-point round-trip format conversion to and from any preexisting character encodings, so that text files in older character sets can be naïvely converted to Unicode, and then back and get back the same file.


Premise: What kind of insect can detect ultraviolet wavelengths?

Hypothesis: Different insect species can have varying hearing, though most insects can hear only a narrow range of frequencies related to the frequency of the sounds they can produce.


Premise: Who is building The Califoria Valley Solar Ranch?

Hypothesis: The California Valley Solar Ranch (CVSR) is a 250 megawatt (MW) solar photovoltaic power plant, which is being built by SunPower in the Carrizo Plain, northeast of California Valley.


Premise: What was the name of the bodyguard also accused of vandalism?

Hypothesis: Instead the case file was forwarded to the city attorney's office, which charged West with one count of misdemeanor vandalism, one count of grand theft and one count of battery and his manager with three counts of each on March 18, 2009.


Premise: Why did the Chinese ultimately fail in its counter offensives?

Hypothesis: After these victories, Chinese nationalist forces launched a large-scale counter-offensive in early 1940; however, due to its low military-industrial capacity, it was repulsed by Japanese army in late March 1940.


Premise: What important trade did the Ming Dynasty have with Tibet?

Hypothesis: Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal.


Premise: What is the basis of the behavioral code at BYU?

Hypothesis: Students attending BYU are required to follow an honor code, which mandates behavior in line with LDS teachings such as academic honesty, adherence to dress and grooming standards, and abstinence from extramarital sex and from the consumption of drugs and alcohol.


Premise: What lines comprise the Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu) line?

Hypothesis: It serves as rail junction for the Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu)


Premise: In what year did battle over the Suez Canal commence?

Hypothesis: Moreover, he feared that if the armored corps was dispatched to confront the Israeli invading force and the British and French subsequently landed in the canal city of Port Said, Egyptian armor in the Sinai would be cut off from the canal and destroyed by the combined tripartite forces.


Premise: How did the Romans view the corpse of the dead?

Hypothesis: The Christian Church fostered the veneration of saintly relics, and inscriptions marked the day of death as a transition to "new life".


Premise: Who wrote 'The Rights of Man'?

Hypothesis: Thomas Paine penned the Rights of Man in 1791 as a response to Burke; Mary Wollstonecraft published A Vindication of the Rights of Men and James Mackintosh wrote Vindiciae Gallicae.


Premise: What was the life expectancy in 2009?

Hypothesis: There was a noticeable decline of the infant mortality rate (during the 1970s to the 1980s the infant mortality rate was 101-132/1000 live births, in 2000 the rate was 50-60/1000, and in 2008 it was 28-30/1000).


Premise: What form of cotton contains a genetically modified gene?

Hypothesis: Due to the US Department of Agriculture's highly successful Boll Weevil Eradication Program (BWEP), this pest has been eliminated from cotton in most of the United States.


Premise: Bulgaria was instrumental in the spread of what to the rest of the Slavic world?

Hypothesis: This provided the foundation for subsequent Slavic states to arise on the former territory of this realm with Carantania being the oldest of them.


Premise: When did Wenzhou become Zhejiang's second treaty port?

Hypothesis: Under the terms of the Treaty of Nanking, signed in 1843, Ningbo became one of the five Chinese treaty ports opened to virtually unrestricted foreign trade.


Premise: What year did the Greenhouse Gas Initiative go into effect?

Hypothesis: The plan took effect in 2009.


Premise: Who was Cabinet Minister in 1998?

Hypothesis: In exchange for Rupert Murdoch's support, Blair agreed not to join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism – which John Major had withdrawn the country from in September 1992 after barely two years.


Premise: What product significantly dropped in price at the end of World War I?

Hypothesis: When the value of natural rubber fell drastically, about the end of the Great War (World War I), the New Zealand government encouraged the production of bananas, for which there is a large market in New Zealand.[citation needed]


Premise: When was the UN General Assembly of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enacted?

Hypothesis: But 23 years later in 1989 the Convention on the Rights of Children was adopted and helped to reduce the exploitation of children and demanded safe working environments.


Premise: Which continents languages with few exceptions generally did not utilize case distinction until about the year 1300?

Hypothesis: European languages, except for Ancient Greek and Latin, did not make the case distinction before about 1300.[citation needed]


Premise: On what days does the minibus take people into Jamestown?

Hypothesis: Car hire is available for visitors.


Premise: What mode of transportation took over from the canals?

Hypothesis: Designed by electric power pioneer Frank J. Sprague, the trolley system opened its first line in 1888, and electric streetcar lines rapidly spread to other cities across the country.


Premise: What percent of Ukraine is fluent in Russian as of 2006?

Hypothesis: In Ukraine, Russian is seen as a language of inter-ethnic communication, and a minority language, under the 1996 Constitution of Ukraine.


Premise: What network is used to contact concierge and emergency assitance services as well as getting navigational and entetainment information?

Hypothesis: Researchers in 2011 were even able to use a malicious compact disc in a car's stereo system as a successful attack vector, and cars with built-in voice recognition or remote assistance features have onboard microphones which could be used for eavesdropping.


Premise: What is difficult to confirm about the bucket in the absence of anything else in the universe?

Hypothesis: But in the absence of anything else in the universe, it would be difficult to confirm that the bucket was indeed spinning.


Premise: Where did the French build Fort Duquesne?

Hypothesis: The most important French fort planned was intended to occupy a position at "the Forks" where the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers meet to form the Ohio River (present day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania).


Premise: What are the main attractions in Cork?

Hypothesis: Cork's underground scene is supported by Plugd Records.[citation needed]


Premise: What kind of parents did Bell state were more prone to having deaf children?

Hypothesis: In his lecture Memoir upon the formation of a deaf variety of the human race presented to the National Academy of Sciences on November 13, 1883 he noted that congenitally deaf parents were more likely to produce deaf children and tentatively suggested that couples where both parties were deaf should not marry.


Premise: Where did Hou Xian and Zhi Guang travel through on their way to the Karmapa?

Hypothesis: In order to seek out the Karmapa, the Yongle Emperor dispatched his eunuch Hou Xian and the Buddhist monk Zhi Guang (d. 1435) to Tibet.


Premise: What has led to many tragic instances of events like slavery and genocide?

Hypothesis: Socioeconomic factors, in combination with early but enduring views of race, have led to considerable suffering within disadvantaged racial groups.


Premise: When did the rebels regain the south-east of England?

Hypothesis: Louis and the rebel barons advanced west and John retreated, spending the summer reorganising his defences across the rest of the kingdom.


Premise: How old was Truman in 1948?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower was the only general to serve as President in the 20th century and the most recent President to have never held elected office prior to the Presidency (The other Presidents who did not have prior elected office were Zachary Taylor, Ulysses S. Grant, William Howard Taft and Herbert Hoover).


Premise: What did technology make feasible when it came to trees?

Hypothesis: Intentional burning of vegetation was used to mimic the effects of natural fires that tended to clear forest understories.


Premise: Why did the third siege attempt fail?

Hypothesis: The third siege attempt was made 19–31 August 1855, but the city was already fortified and the squadron could not approach close enough for landing operations.


Premise: Why type of anthropology is the study of social organization a central focus of?

Hypothesis: The study of kinship and social organization is a central focus of sociocultural anthropology, as kinship is a human universal.


Premise: Ibn Sina left Rey and moved southwards to what city?

Hypothesis: After a brief sojourn at Qazvin he passed southwards to Hamadãn where Shams al-Daula, another Buwayhid emir, had established himself.


Premise: How many Chinese troops and medics were involved in the relief efforts?

Hypothesis: Xinhua reported 135,000 Chinese troops and medics were involved in the rescue effort across 58 counties and cities.


Premise: When was the beta version of Windows 8 made available to the public?

Hypothesis: On February 29, 2012, Microsoft released Windows 8 Consumer Preview, the beta version of Windows 8, build 8250.


Premise: Who wrote the poem Baseball's Sad Lexicon?

Hypothesis: In 1902, Spalding, who by this time had revamped the roster to boast what would soon be one of the best teams of the early century, sold the club to Jim Hart.


Premise: Ancient Greece was the birthplace of what?

Hypothesis: In their pursuit of order and proportion, the Greeks created an ideal of beauty that strongly influenced Western art.


Premise: When does San Diego receive most of its precipitation?

Hypothesis: San Diego's climate is characterized by warm, dry summers and mild winters with most of the annual precipitation falling between December and March.


Premise: In what year did Bandai post information about a reboot on his website?

Hypothesis: Once the countdown was finished, it revealed a reboot of the Digimon World series titled Digimon World Re:Digitize.


Premise: What concerns arise when the lifting cylinder leaks fluid into the ground?

Hypothesis: They are less energy efficient as the pump works against gravity to push the car and its passengers upwards; this energy is lost when the car descends on its own weight.


Premise: What quality made LDs a consideration for videogames in the 1980s and 1990s?

Hypothesis: The format's instant-access capability made it possible for a new breed of LaserDisc-based video arcade games and several companies saw potential in using LaserDiscs for video games in the 1980s and 1990s, beginning in 1983 with Sega's Astron Belt.


Premise: From which group did amniotes descendents of?

Hypothesis: They descended from earlier reptiliomorph amphibious tetrapods, which lived on land that was already inhabited by insects and other invertebrates as well as by ferns, mosses and other plants.


Premise: In what year was the first edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica published?

Hypothesis: In Germany, practical reference works intended for the uneducated majority became popular in the 18th century.


Premise: What did Swiss voters agree to join on June 5, 2005?

Hypothesis: On 5 June 2005, Swiss voters agreed by a 55% majority to join the Schengen treaty, a result that was regarded by EU commentators as a sign of support by Switzerland, a country that is traditionally perceived as independent and reluctant to enter supranational bodies.


Premise: What can be added to steel to enhance is corrosion resistance?

Hypothesis: Due to its very-high strength and toughness (which is much higher than pure iron), and its ability to be greatly altered by heat treatment, steel is one of the most common alloys in modern use.


Premise: What was the percentage of labels youtube had signed contracts with prior to the planned launch date?

Hypothesis: In a statement to the Financial Times in June 2014, Robert Kyncl confirmed that YouTube would block the content of labels who do not negotiate deals to be included in the paid service "to ensure that all content on the platform is governed by its new contractual terms."


Premise: Where is Dalcom Somalia currently building a 1000 square mile data center?

Hypothesis: Dalkom Somalia reached a similar agreement with the West Indian Ocean Cable Company (WIOCC) Ltd, which it holds shares in.


Premise: Who is Windows division president?

Hypothesis: Windows division president Steven Sinofsky demonstrated an early build of the port on prototype devices, while Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer announced the company's goal for Windows to be "everywhere on every kind of device without compromise.


Premise: In Estonia how many people speak Estonian as their native language

Hypothesis: Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities.


Premise: What city became the capital of North Carolina in 1766?

Hypothesis: During colonial times, Edenton served as the state capital beginning in 1722, and New Bern was selected as the capital in 1766.


Premise: How did Life Magazine recognize Spielberg?

Hypothesis: In 2006, Premiere listed him as the most powerful and influential figure in the motion picture industry.


Premise: Who is a director at the Pew Charitable Trusts?

Hypothesis: According to Allan Coukell, senior director for health programs at The Pew Charitable Trusts, "By allowing drug developers to rely on smaller datasets, and clarifying FDA's authority to tolerate a higher level of uncertainty for these drugs when making a risk/benefit calculation, ADAPT would make the clinical trials more feasible."


Premise: What did the National Academy of Science's study discover?

Hypothesis: An FDA - National Academy of Sciences collaborative study showed that nearly 40 percent of these products were not effective.


Premise: Jonathon Israel rejects the notion that the revolutionary ideas were by products of what transformations?

Hypothesis: Israel argues that until the 1650s Western civilization "was based on a largely shared core of faith, tradition and authority".


Premise: Which well known gas did Jan Baptist van Helmont discover?

Hypothesis: He was followed by piercing thought amalgamated with the era's mysticism and religion sometimes fueled by the mechanics of Newton and Galileo.


Premise: What chemical element is often present in the bath used to sensitive exposed film after it's been imaged?

Hypothesis: In the full additive process the bare laminate is covered with a photosensitive film which is imaged (exposed to light through a mask and then developed which removes the unexposed film).


Premise: What sets a contagious disease after from a standard infectious disease?

Hypothesis: Infectious diseases are sometimes called contagious disease when they are easily transmitted by contact with an ill person or their secretions (e.g., influenza).


Premise: Who ruled the Liao dynasty?

Hypothesis: The Song were far more concerned with countering northern enemy states of the Khitan-ruled Liao dynasty (907–1125) and Jurchen-ruled Jin dynasty (1115–1234).


Premise: What is the physiological response of a sense organ called?

Hypothesis: One example is the butterfly Phengaris arion which uses chemical signals as a form of mimicry to aid in predation.


Premise: How did the timing of the declaration of war compare to the conflicts in North America between Britain and France?

Hypothesis: The British Prime Minister, the Duke of Newcastle, was optimistic that the new series of alliances could prevent war from breaking out in Europe.


Premise: What Act was the result of a meeting of Swiss politicians organized by Napolean?

Hypothesis: The result was the Act of Mediation which largely restored Swiss autonomy and introduced a Confederation of 19 cantons.


Premise: About how many performances are there in the Spoleto Festival USA?

Hypothesis: The annual Piccolo Spoleto festival takes place at the same time and features local performers and artists, with hundreds of performances throughout the city.


Premise: Who did Johan Cruyff name his son after?

Hypothesis: He further endeared himself when he named his son Jordi, after the local Catalan Saint George.


Premise: What percent of the Staten Island population has a high school diploma, as of 2000?

Hypothesis: These percentages were lower than those for New York's other boroughs, which ranged from 68.8% (Brooklyn) to 82.6% (Staten Island) for high school graduates over 24, and from 21.8% (Brooklyn) to 49.4% (Manhattan) for college graduates.


Premise: What did early humans use to make clothing?

Hypothesis: Most clothing appears to have been made of animal skins, as indicated by finds of large numbers of bone and antler pins which are ideal for fastening leather.


Premise: What are Germans trying to forget?

Hypothesis: In the midst of the European sovereign-debt crisis, Radek Sikorski, Poland's Foreign Minister, stated in November 2011, "I will probably be the first Polish foreign minister in history to say so, but here it is: I fear German power less than I am beginning to fear German inactivity.


Premise: What was the name of Tito's son born to him and Haas?

Hypothesis: His next relationship was with Herta Haas, whom he married in 1940.


Premise: How long did the AC system last in northern Italy?

Hypothesis: Three-phase AC railway electrification was used in Italy, Switzerland and the United States in the early twentieth century.


Premise: Who was the head of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 2007?

Hypothesis: So let's see minimum space standards for all new homes," said RIBA president Jack Pringle.


Premise: What group heads up the Global Plan to Stop Tuberculosis?

Hypothesis: The World Health Organization declared TB a "global health emergency" in 1993, and in 2006, the Stop TB Partnership developed a Global Plan to Stop Tuberculosis that aims to save 14 million lives between its launch and 2015.


Premise: Who executed the apartheid?

Hypothesis: According to Ayittey, "In Sudan... the Arabs monopolized power and excluded blacks – Arab apartheid.


Premise: What was the name of the first satellite launched for the system?

Hypothesis: The successful launch of BeiDou-1C also meant the establishment of the BeiDou-1 navigation system.


Premise: What does Link transform into when he enters the Twilight Realm?

Hypothesis: However, "Wolf Link" gains several key advantages in return—he moves faster than he does as a human (though riding Epona is still faster) and digs holes to create new passages and uncover buried items, and has improved senses, including the ability to follow scent trails.[i]


Premise: What is the northern edge of Tucson's downtown?

Hypothesis: Downtown is generally regarded as the area bordered by 17th Street to the south, I-10 to the west, and 6th Street to the north, and Toole Avenue and the Union Pacific (formerly Southern Pacific) railroad tracks, site of the historic train depot and "Locomotive #1673", built in 1900.