Premise: What is the polish name for knight?

Hypothesis: , the Polish "rycerz" ("knight", cognate of the German "Ritter") and the Polish "herb" ("coat of arms", from the German "Erbe", "heritage").


Premise: When did BYU first open its doors to students?

Hypothesis: The suggestion received a large amount of opposition, with many members of the Board saying that the school wasn't large enough to be a university, but the decision ultimately passed.


Premise: Who eventually lead the project on the Mac team?

Hypothesis: Raskin was authorized to start hiring for the project in September 1979, and he immediately asked his long-time colleague, Brian Howard, to join him.


Premise: For each electron that departs the positive plate, how many electrons build up on the negative plate?

Hypothesis: The current I(t) through any component in an electric circuit is defined as the rate of flow of a charge Q(t) passing through it, but actual charges—electrons—cannot pass through the dielectric layer of a capacitor.


Premise: What is the funneling that occurs that brings blood back to the heart?

Hypothesis: Once the blood reaches the heart it moves first into the right atrium, then the right ventricle to be pumped through the lungs for further gas exchange of carbon dioxide waste for oxygen.


Premise: Greece is where geographically?

Hypothesis: Due to its highly indented coastline and numerous islands, Greece has the 11th longest coastline in the world with 13,676 km (8,498 mi); its land boundary is 1,160 km (721 mi).


Premise: What was focused in March?

Hypothesis: The attacks were focused against western ports in March.


Premise: Where is RAF Brize Norton located?

Hypothesis: Bardufoss Airport , Bardufoss Air Station in Norway and Pune Airport in India are examples of this.


Premise: In what year did low scores of black firefighters on a promotion test issued by the New Haven Fire Department ultimately halt promotions for all firefighters of any race in the city?

Hypothesis: The suit involved the 2003 promotion test for the New Haven Fire Department.


Premise: At what currently defunct New Haven venues did minor league hockey and baseball teams play throughout the latter half of the 20th century?

Hypothesis: New Haven has a history of professional sports franchises dating back to the 19th century and has been the home to professional baseball, basketball, football, hockey, and soccer teams—including the New York Giants of the National Football League from 1973 to 1974, who played at the Yale Bowl.


Premise: In 1995, who requested that domestic leagues lower the amount of games played.

Hypothesis: Due to insistence by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), the international governing body of football, that domestic leagues reduce the number of games clubs played, the number of clubs was reduced to 20 in 1995 when four teams were relegated from the league and only two teams promoted.


Premise: What year did the Haddon House open?

Hypothesis: The Quaker-owned Chalfonte House, opened in 1868, and Haddon House, opened in 1869, flanked North Carolina Avenue at the beach end.


Premise: What minority leaders have played prominenct roles to opposing incumbent president?

Hypothesis: For that situation the House Minority Leader can play the role of a de facto "leader of the opposition", often more so than the Senate Minority Leader, due to the more partisan nature of the House and the greater role of leadership.


Premise: Where did John march from?

Hypothesis: He marched from the Cotswolds, feigned an offensive to relieve the besieged Windsor Castle, and attacked eastwards around London to Cambridge to separate the rebel-held areas of Lincolnshire and East Anglia.


Premise: What happens when companies outsource?

Hypothesis: A direct consequence within the pharmaceutical industry value chain is that major pharmaceutical multinationals tend to increasingly outsource risks related to fundamental research, which somewhat reshapes the industry ecosystem with biotechnology companies playing an increasingly important role, and overall strategies being redefined accordingly.


Premise: What was different about swedish progressive house music?

Hypothesis: Sweden knew a prominence of snare-less "Swedish progressive house" with the emergence of Sebastian Ingrosso, Axwell, Steve Angello


Premise: In 1934, what percentage of architects were members of professional organizations?

Hypothesis: Soon after the passing of the 1931 Act, in the book published on the occasion of the Institute's centenary celebration in 1934, Harry Barnes, FRIBA, Chairman of the Registration Committee, mentioned that ARCUK could not be a rival of any architectural association, least of all the RIBA, given the way ARCUK was constituted.


Premise: Humans can control insects using what?

Hypothesis: Insect pollinators are essential to the life-cycle of many flowering plant species on which most organisms, including humans, are at least partly dependent; without them, the terrestrial portion of the biosphere (including humans) would be devastated.


Premise: Von Braun and his associates were sent to  United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground in what year?

Hypothesis: From here, von Braun and his team would develop the Army's first operational medium-range ballistic missile, the Redstone rocket, that would, in slightly modified versions, launch both America's first satellite, and the first piloted Mercury space missions.


Premise: Anti-infective drugs became more prominent after what war?

Hypothesis: Nonetheless, the dramatic decrease in deaths from infectious diseases that occurred prior to World War II was primarily the result of improved public health measures such as clean water and less crowded housing, and the impact of anti-infective drugs and vaccines was significant mainly after World War II.


Premise: Along with the President, what officeholder can issue pardons?

Hypothesis: The legal administration of the death penalty in the United States is complex.


Premise: How many tourists visited Kathmandu in the period 1961-62?

Hypothesis: Tourism is a major source of income for most of the people in the city, with several hundred thousand visitors annually.


Premise: What does a forensic archaeologist become stimulated to do in the presence of buried victims?

Hypothesis: This meagre statistic expanded in the 20th century to comprise anthropology departments in the majority of the world's higher educational institutions, many thousands in number.


Premise: What do most mosaics from the 7th-9th centuries have in common?

Hypothesis: They were all destroyed later except for one example, the so-called Triclinio Leoniano of which a copy was made in the 18th century.


Premise: In which year was the Western Interprovincial Football Union founded?

Hypothesis: Later both the Ontario and Quebec Rugby Football Union (ORFU and QRFU) were formed (January 1883), and then the Interprovincial (1907) and Western Interprovincial Football Union (1936) (IRFU and WIFU).


Premise: Which groups or religions were greatly accepted in Alsace?

Hypothesis: Landowners, who as "local lords" had the right to decide which religion was allowed on their land, were eager to entice populations from the more attractive lowlands to settle and develop their property.


Premise: When did the Northern Pacific Railroad reach Montana from the west?

Hypothesis: Jay Cooke, the NPR president launched major surveys into the Yellowstone valley in 1871, 1872 and 1873 which were challenged forcefully by the Sioux under chief Sitting Bull.


Premise: What does CBR stand for?

Hypothesis: The simplest type of MP3 file uses one bit rate for the entire file: this is known as Constant Bit Rate (CBR) encoding.


Premise: What river was used to ferry granite from Dartmoor to Plymouth?

Hypothesis: Rocks brought down the Tamar from Dartmoor include ores containing tin, copper, tungsten, lead and other minerals.


Premise: What was the initial launch window of the 360 console?

Hypothesis: Although not the best-selling console of its generation, the Xbox 360 was deemed by TechRadar to be the most influential through its emphasis on digital media distribution and multiplayer gaming on Xbox Live.


Premise: What does the use of combinatorial testing consist of?

Hypothesis: Whether they are looking for speed or test depth, they can use combinatorial test design methods to build structured variation into their test cases.


Premise: Did bribery work in convincing Liberius to believe the Arians?

Hypothesis: The Emperor knew what he wanted people to believe.


Premise: Who was defeated at the Battle of the Wabash?

Hypothesis: The Regular Army was at first very small, and after General St. Clair's defeat at the Battle of the Wabash, the Regular Army was reorganized as the Legion of the United States, which was established in 1791 and renamed the "United States Army" in 1796.


Premise: During what part of the week is the time change most often scheduled?

Hypothesis: Clock shifts are usually scheduled near a weekend midnight to lessen disruption to weekday schedules.


Premise: If growth continues as it has, what religion will be the largest in the world by 2050?

Hypothesis: According to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910.


Premise: What did the Lorenz beam allow aircraft to do?

Hypothesis: Bomber crews already had some experience with these types of systems due to the deployment of the Lorenz beam, a commercial blind-landing aid which allowed aircraft to land at night or in bad weather.


Premise: Where is Oak Tree Country Club?

Hypothesis: Rated one of the top golf courses in the nation, Southern Hills has hosted four PGA Championships, including one in 2007, and three U.S. Opens, the most recent in 2001.


Premise: In addition to a lack of muscle tone, what is believed to be the main cause of the beer belly?

Hypothesis: But with most overconsumption, it is more a problem of improper exercise and overconsumption of carbohydrates than the product itself.


Premise: What is the by-product of non-repiratory anaerobes?

Hypothesis: Facultative anaerobes can switch between fermentation and different terminal electron acceptors depending on the environmental conditions in which they find themselves.


Premise: What is the most reliable method of learning about pain in a human?

Hypothesis: Academic reviews of the topic are more equivocal, noting that although the argument that animals have at least simple conscious thoughts and feelings has strong support, some critics continue to question how reliably animal mental states can be determined.


Premise: In what year was the Non-Aligned Movment formed?

Hypothesis: In 1964, Nasser was made president of the NAM and held the second conference of the organization in Cairo.


Premise: Who was the editor who got their hands on the first draft of To Kill a Mockingbird?

Hypothesis: After finishing the first draft and returning it to Lippincott, the manuscript, at that point titled "Go Set a Watchman", fell into the hands of Therese von Hohoff Torrey — known professionally as Tay Hohoff — a small, wiry veteran editor in her late 50s.


Premise: Which writing detailed Jesus' appearance before ascension?

Hypothesis: According to the First Epistle to the Corinthians (1 Cor. 15:4), Jesus was raised from the dead ("on the third day" counting the day of crucifixion as the first) and according to the canonical Gospels, appeared to his disciples on different occasions before ascending to heaven.


Premise: During the summer solstice, for how many minutes did hora tertia last for the Romans?

Hypothesis: Although they did not fix their schedules to the clock in the modern sense, ancient civilizations adjusted daily schedules to the sun more flexibly than modern DST does, often dividing daylight into twelve hours regardless of day length, so that each daylight hour was longer during summer.


Premise: What is the heat generated from a Concentrating Solar Power system used for?

Hypothesis: The concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a conventional power plant.


Premise: In 1964 what was reported that Quebec extremists planned ?

Hypothesis: No attempt was made, but a riot did break out while she was in Montreal; the Queen's "calmness and courage in the face of the violence" was noted.


Premise: What is palatalization?

Hypothesis: Russian is notable for its distinction based on palatalization of most of the consonants.


Premise: The first astrolabe with a mechanical calendar was invented where?

Hypothesis: An astrolabe incorporating a mechanical calendar computer and gear-wheels was invented by Abi Bakr of Isfahan, Persia in 1235.


Premise: What is at the centre of the Nouveau Jardin?

Hypothesis: At the centre of the Nouveau Jardin is Europe's highest garden fountain.


Premise: In which year was the Hennessy Scholarship founded?

Hypothesis: The headmasters' close friendship spawned the Hennessy Scholarship, an annual prize established in 2005 and awarded to a graduating RL senior for a year of study at Eton.


Premise: There is a small stretch of what road between Broadway and Twelfth Avenue?

Hypothesis: After an interruption from St. Nicholas Park and City College, there is another small stretch of West 132nd Street between Broadway and Twelfth Avenue


Premise: What year did The Times of India start?

Hypothesis: In these countries, the newspaper is often referred to as The London Times or The Times of London.


Premise: What was the lockout chip number for most of Europe, save the UK and Italy?

Hypothesis: Since two types of lockout chip were used in Europe, European NES game boxes often had an "A" or "B" letter on the front, indicating whether the game is compatible with UK/Italian/Australian consoles (A), or the rest of Europe (B).


Premise: Which dynasty ruled Tibet through a top-level administrative department?

Hypothesis: Mongol rule of Tibet remained separate from the main provinces of China, but the region existed under the administration of the Yuan dynasty.


Premise: How was the British night fighter operations faring?

Hypothesis: British night-fighter operations out over the Channel were proving highly successful.


Premise: On a notebook eSATAp usually supplies how much power?

Hypothesis: On a notebook eSATAp usually supplies only 5 V to power a 2.5-inch HDD/SSD; on a desktop workstation it can additionally supply 12 V to power larger devices including 3.5-inch HDD/SSD and 5.25-inch optical drives.


Premise: Who created the Eight Banners?

Hypothesis: The early Qing military was rooted in the Eight Banners first developed by Nurhaci to organize Jurchen society beyond petty clan affiliations.


Premise: What percent of the Manhattan population has a university degree, as of 2000?

Hypothesis: These percentages were lower than those for New York's other boroughs, which ranged from 68.8% (Brooklyn) to 82.6% (Staten Island) for high school graduates over 24, and from 21.8% (Brooklyn) to 49.4% (Manhattan) for college graduates.


Premise: What develpment produced the first large fleet ships?

Hypothesis: As a result of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, which limited the construction of new heavy surface combat ships, most early aircraft carriers were conversions of ships that were laid down (or had served) as different ship types: cargo ships, cruisers, battlecruisers, or battleships.


Premise: What does the abbreviation OECD expand to?

Hypothesis: The country joined what is now the European Union in 1981.


Premise: What residence was the Paul VI staying in on the day of his death?

Hypothesis: On 6 August 1978 at 21:41 Paul VI died in Castel Gandolfo.


Premise: What was the capital of China?

Hypothesis: but then the city of Xuzhou was taken by Japanese in May.


Premise: Who publishes The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review?

Hypothesis: The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review is a scholarly legal publication published annually by an editorial board of Northwestern University undergraduates.


Premise: How long is the run way in vaulting?

Hypothesis: From the roundoff position the gymnast travels backwards and executes a backhandspring so that the hands land on the vaulting table.


Premise: Who discovered uranium in pitchblende?

Hypothesis: Eugène-Melchior Péligot was the first person to isolate the metal and its radioactive properties were discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel.


Premise: What was one of the first things that the newly-elected Dwight Eisenhower did after the election?

Hypothesis: With the United Nations' acceptance of India's proposed Korean War armistice, the KPA, the PVA, and the UN Command ceased fire with the battle line approximately at the 38th parallel.


Premise: How many newly promoted clubs were relegated from the Premier League in 1997-98?

Hypothesis: Since its split with the Football League, many established clubs in the Premier League have managed to distance themselves from their counterparts in lower leagues.


Premise: In what year did Canada put out a coin to commemorate the Silver Dart?

Hypothesis: That first flight was made by an airplane designed under Dr. Bell's tutelage, named the Silver Dart.


Premise: What is significant about the weather that San Diego experienced in December 1921?

Hypothesis: Rainfall is usually greater in the higher elevations of San Diego; some of the higher elevation areas of San Diego can receive 11–15 inches (280–380 mm) of rain a year.


Premise: What are the US territories overseas located in the Pacific?

Hypothesis: The capital city, Washington, District of Columbia, is a federal district located on land donated by the state of Maryland.


Premise: What group are many of Plymouth's marine organizations a part of?

Hypothesis: Plymouth is home to the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom (MBA) which conducts research in all areas of the marine sciences.


Premise: When was Northern Rock taken into public hands?

Hypothesis: Calls by Liberal Democrat Treasury Spokesman Vince Cable to nationalise the institution were initially ignored; in February 2008, however, the British government (having failed to find a private sector buyer) relented, and the bank was taken into public hands.


Premise: What was the title of Baji Rao I?

Hypothesis: In response to regular threats from Hyder Ali (Dalwai of Mysore), Baji Rao I (Peshwa of the Maratha Empire), and Basalath Jung (Asif Jah II's elder brother, who was supported by the Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau), the Nizam signed a subsidiary alliance with the East India Company in 1798, allowing the British Indian Army to occupy Bolarum (modern Secunderabad) to protect the state's borders, for which the Nizams paid an annual maintenance to the British.


Premise: Trends about use of pesticides have been published from which country?

Hypothesis: Seventy-five percent of all pesticides in the world are used in developed countries, but use in developing countries is increasing.


Premise: What was the world's first carrier capable of launching and recovering naval aircraft?

Hypothesis: In 1918, HMS Argus became the world's first carrier capable of launching and recovering naval aircraft.


Premise: In what year was arsphenamine discovered?

Hypothesis: In 1911 arsphenamine, the first synthetic anti-infective drug, was developed by Paul Ehrlich and chemist Alfred Bertheim of the Institute of Experimental Therapy in Berlin.


Premise: When did Beyoncé get married?

Hypothesis: pop singer Taylor Swift's "You Belong with Me", led to Kanye West interrupting the ceremony and Beyoncé improvising a re-presentation of Swift's award during her own acceptance speech.


Premise: Who was Humphrey Gilbert's half-brother?

Hypothesis: In 1583 he embarked on a second attempt, on this occasion to the island of Newfoundland whose harbour he formally claimed for England, although no settlers were left behind.


Premise: When was the interest in solar energy restored?

Hypothesis: Although the outbreak of World War I and the discovery of cheap oil in the 1930s discouraged the advancement of solar energy, Shuman’s vision and basic design were resurrected in the 1970s with a new wave of interest in solar thermal energy.


Premise: What did Alumnus Eero Saarinen use for inspiration for Ingalls Rink at Yale?

Hypothesis: Alumnus Eero Saarinen, Finnish-American architect of such notable structures as the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Washington Dulles International Airport main terminal, Bell Labs Holmdel Complex and the CBS Building in Manhattan, designed Ingalls Rink at Yale and the newest residential colleges of Ezra Stiles and Morse.


Premise: When was the most important Byzantine church re-discovered?

Hypothesis: The most important one was uncovered in 1990.


Premise: Why were the Portugese Africa territories' borders formally established?

Hypothesis: Even before the turn of the 20th century, railway tracks as the Benguela railway in Angola, and the Beira railway in Mozambique, started to be built to link coastal areas and selected inland regions.


Premise: What has the been a massive increase in the number of households with in Greece?

Hypothesis: Greece has tended to lag behind its European Union partners in terms of Internet use, with the gap closing rapidly in recent years.


Premise: In deism is God represented in human form?

Hypothesis: In this view, God is not anthropomorphic, and neither answers prayers nor produces miracles.


Premise: When were the first campus police formed at Yale?

Hypothesis: Later hired by the university, the officers were originally brought in to quell unrest between students and city residents and curb destructive student behavior.


Premise: What is the name of the French equivalent of GRECO?

Hypothesis: To monitor the implementation at national level of the requirements and principles provided in those texts, a monitoring mechanism – the Group of States Against Corruption (also known as GRECO)


Premise: From what era is the Rigas Feraios believed to be a part of ?

Hypothesis: In his "Political Constitution", he addresses to the nation as "the people descendant of the Greeks".


Premise: In what year did Italians discover the Code of Justinian?

Hypothesis: The empire's law code, the Code of Justinian, was rediscovered in Northern Italy in 1070 and became widely admired later in the Middle Ages.


Premise: What uses an internal memory state?

Hypothesis: It uses an internal memory state to avoid the need to perform a one-to-one mapping of individual input symbols to distinct representations that use an integer number of bits, and it clears out the internal memory only after encoding the entire string of data symbols.


Premise: Which factors make Melbourne one of the moust vibrant destinations in Australia?

Hypothesis: The climate, waterfront location and nightlife make it one of the most vibrant destinations in Australia.


Premise: How did the republic of liberia begin?

Hypothesis: The Republic of Liberia, beginning as a settlement of the American Colonization Society (ACS), declared its independence on July 26, 1847.


Premise: In what year did Tim Bliss and Terje Lomo publish a paper about long-term potentiation?

Hypothesis: y Cajal argued that the most plausible explanation is that learning and memory are expressed as changes in the synaptic connections between neurons.


Premise: Etch-back removes glass fibers and what other material?

Hypothesis: The hole walls for boards with two or more layers can be made conductive and then electroplated with copper to form plated-through holes.


Premise: A dog with countershading has dark coloring where?

Hypothesis: Domestic dogs often display the remnants of countershading, a common natural camouflage pattern.


Premise: What caused the 2008 floods?

Hypothesis: In 2008, extreme waves and high tides caused widespread flooding in the capital city of Majuro and other urban centres, 3 feet (0.91 m) above sea level.


Premise: How did Matthew Arnold view "Culture" with?

Hypothesis: Matthew Arnold contrasted "culture" with anarchy; other Europeans, following philosophers Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, contrasted "culture" with "the state of nature".


Premise: Project Gemini helped recruit experienced people for which upcoming lunar missions?

Hypothesis: Most of the novice pilots on the early missions would command the later missions.


Premise: What kind of school system uses academic success to judge admissions?

Hypothesis: A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude.


Premise: What are drawn from conventional abbreviated forms?

Hypothesis: This clerical form uses one fewer stroke, and was thus adopted as a simplified form.


Premise: During what era did Galician literature emerge?

Hypothesis: During this period, Galician-Portuguese was considered the language of love poetry in the Iberian Romance linguistic culture.


Premise: Where did the Gorals reside?

Hypothesis: The population of Moravian Wallachia also descend of this population.


Premise: Why did the Russian Orthodox Church and Federation of Jewish Communities of Russian asked members to boycott the concert?

Hypothesis: Madonna used religious symbols, such as the crucifix and Crown of Thorns, in the performance of "Live to Tell".


Premise: Jewish law dictates that anyone owning a dog must feed the dog before who?

Hypothesis: Jewish law does not prohibit keeping dogs and other pets.


Premise: What longitudes does Guinea-Bissau mostly lie between?

Hypothesis: It lies mostly between latitudes 11° and 13°N (a small area is south of 11°), and longitudes 13° and 17°W.


Premise: How much drinking water is produced by Israel's desalination programs?

Hypothesis: By 2014, Israel's desalination programs provided roughly 35% of Israel's drinking water and it is expected to supply 40% by 2015 and 70% by 2050.


Premise: Could events in the Roman Republic often include music?

Hypothesis: In a discussion of any ancient music, however, non-specialists and even many musicians have to be reminded that much of what makes our modern music familiar to us is the result of developments only within the last 1,000 years; thus, our ideas of melody, scales, harmony, and even the instruments we use may not have been familiar to Romans who made and listened to music many centuries earlier.[citation needed]


Premise: In the slums of Hyderabad how many private schools are there?

Hypothesis: There are 405 government schools, 267 government aided schools, 175 private schools and 528 community halls in the slum areas.:70


Premise: What type of sacrifice was rare in Rome?

Hypothesis: Human sacrifice in ancient Rome was rare but documented.


Premise: Who is the founder of the Khan Academy?

Hypothesis: In education, for example, the Khan Academy grew from YouTube video tutoring sessions for founder Salman Khan's cousin into what Forbes'  Michael Noer called "the largest school in the world", with technology poised to disrupt how people learn.


Premise: Who became Prime Minister in 1997?

Hypothesis: The Sun switched support to the Labour party on 18 March 1997, six weeks before the General Election victory which saw the New Labour leader Tony Blair become Prime Minister with a large parliamentary majority, despite the paper having attacked Blair and New Labour up to a month earlier.


Premise: How are people united with God?

Hypothesis: Christians believe that through faith in Jesus’ substitutionary death and triumphant resurrection people are reunited with God and receive new joy and power in this life as well as eternal life in heaven after the body’s death.


Premise: Along with abaya, what is a traditional Arab garment sometimes worn by Somali women?

Hypothesis: They also often cover their upper body with a shawl, which is known as garbasaar.


Premise: Why did members of the clergy oppose the use of chloroform?

Hypothesis: Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child, Beatrice, despite opposition from members of the clergy, who considered it against biblical teaching, and members of the medical profession, who thought it dangerous.


Premise: What is the elevation of Ben Nevis?

Hypothesis: Ben Nevis rises to an elevation of only 1,344 metres (4,409 ft), and Lough Neagh, which is notably larger than other lakes on the isles, covers 390 square kilometres (151 sq mi).


Premise: What is the older interstate bus station called?

Hypothesis: In the original city plan, the interstate buses should also stop at the Central Station.


Premise: What Sexually transmitted disease afflicts roughly 1.9 percent of the population?

Hypothesis: Mali's population also suffers from a high rate of child malnutrition and a low rate of immunization.


Premise: What  are some organisms for which  the Genome Sequencing Center at  Washington University Medical provided genome decoding?

Hypothesis: The Genome Sequencing Center has decoded the genome of many animals, plants, and cellular organisms, including the platypus, chimpanzee, cat, and corn.


Premise: How did the actual sales of the G4's compare to the sales expectations?

Hypothesis: Apple sold just 29,000 Cubes in Q4 of 2000 which was one third of expectations, compared to 308,000 Macs during that same quarter, and Cube sales dropped to 12,000 units in Q1 of 2001.


Premise: When did English Freemasonry arrive in France?

Hypothesis: Briefly eclipsed during the French Revolution, French Freemasonry continued to grow in the next century.


Premise: Who wrote in 545 that "the Sclaveni and the Antae actually had a single name in the remote past; for they were both called Spori in olden times."?

Hypothesis: Procopius wrote in 545 that "the Sclaveni and the Antae actually had a single name in the remote past; for they were both called Spori in olden times."


Premise: What is another name for the 10 large nuclear-powered carriers operated by the U.S. Navy?

Hypothesis: The United States Navy has 10 large nuclear-powered carriers (known as supercarriers, carrying up to 90 aircraft each), the largest carriers in the world; the total deckspace is over twice that of all other nations' combined.


Premise: What can be monitored as pain indicators?

Hypothesis: When a person is non-verbal and cannot self-report pain, observation becomes critical, and specific behaviors can be monitored as pain indicators.


Premise: What is one possible objection to the theory of integrated variation?

Hypothesis: Chapter VI begins by saying the next three chapters will address possible objections to the theory, the first being that often no intermediate forms between closely related species are found, though the theory implies such forms must have existed.


Premise: What two algorithms have compression ratios of up to 1200-fold?

Hypothesis: HAPZIPPER was tailored for HapMap data and achieves over 20-fold compression (95% reduction in file size), providing 2- to 4-fold better compression and in much faster time than the leading general-purpose compression utilities.


Premise: What are two other major populated cities in England?

Hypothesis: Other major populations centres include Greater Manchester Urban Area (2.4 million), West Midlands conurbation (2.4 million), West Yorkshire Urban Area (1.6 million) in England, Greater Glasgow (1.2 million) in Scotland and Greater Dublin Area (1.1 million) in Ireland.[citation needed]


Premise: What is Crohn's disease?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower's health issues forced him to give up smoking and make some changes to his dietary habits, but he still indulged in alcohol.


Premise: What percent of the state is Native American Indian?

Hypothesis: According to the 2010 Census, 89.4 percent of the population was White (87.8 percent Non-Hispanic White), 6.3 percent American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.9 percent Hispanics and Latinos of any race, 0.6 percent Asian, 0.4 percent Black or African American, 0.1 percent Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 0.6 percent from Some Other Race, and 2.5 percent from two or more races.


Premise: Who began their musical career as organist of Salford Cathedral?

Hypothesis: Lancashire also produced more populist figures, such as early musical theatre composer Leslie Stuart (1863–1928), born in Southport, who began his musical career as organist of Salford Cathedral.


Premise: In neutering, what is removed in a male dog?

Hypothesis: Because of the overpopulation of dogs in some countries, many animal control agencies, such as the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), advise that dogs not intended for further breeding should be neutered, so that they do not have undesired puppies that may have to later be euthanized.


Premise: Who was Kanye's greatest cultural figure?

Hypothesis: His first major release featuring his trademark soulful vocal sampling style was "This Can't Be Life", a track from Jay-Z’s


Premise: Who was saved with the Judges' Save?

Hypothesis: That week, Adam Lambert was invited back to be a mentor, the first Idol alum to do so.


Premise: The top or most important factories had what  physical feature in  common?

Hypothesis: By 1647, the company had 23 factories, each under the command of a factor or master merchant and governor if so chosen, and 90 employees in India.


Premise: What is the city landmark demolished in 2007 that the city ultimately wish to redevelop?

Hypothesis: The city still hopes to redevelop the site of the New Haven Coliseum, which was demolished in 2007.


Premise: Who coaches the University of Arizona's swim team?

Hypothesis: The university's swim teams have gained international recognition, with swimmers coming from as far as Japan and Africa to train with the coach Frank Busch who has also worked with the U.S. Olympic swim team for a number of years.


Premise: How is a promoter sequence recognized?

Hypothesis: In order to be expressed, genes require a promoter sequence.


Premise: What percent of Native American ancestry may originate through gene flow from the Mal'ta-Buret' population?

Hypothesis: "We estimate that 14 to 38 percent of Native American ancestry may originate through gene flow from this ancient population," the authors wrote.


Premise: What was the most common type of match before the fatal four-way?

Hypothesis: Outside of kayfabe, this is done to give wrestlers a break from the action (as these matches tend to go on for long periods of time), and to make the action in the ring easier to choreograph.


Premise: What kind of lights are being designed for energy efficiency?

Hypothesis: Street Lights are used to light roadways and walkways at night.


Premise: What year did King George III die?

Hypothesis: Both the Duke of Kent and King George III died in 1820, and Victoria was raised under close supervision by her German-born mother Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.


Premise: What land does Link serve to protect?

Hypothesis: To do so, he takes the form of both a Hylian and a wolf, and is assisted by a mysterious creature named Midna.


Premise: how many machine guns did the Beaufighter include?

Hypothesis: Hispano cannon and six .303 in Browning machine guns offered a serious threat to German bombers.


Premise: What atrocity motivated a self-serving USSR to object to the provision of political killings drafted into the Convention?

Hypothesis: The USSR argued that the Convention's definition should follow the etymology of the term, and may have feared greater international scrutiny of its own Great Purge.


Premise: The first national parliament of Iran was founded in what year?

Hypothesis: The first Iranian Constitution and the first national parliament of Iran were founded in 1906, through the ongoing revolution.


Premise: The realist view of time is sometimes referred to as what?

Hypothesis: Sir Isaac Newton subscribed to this realist view, and hence it is sometimes referred to as Newtonian time.


Premise: What is the inflamation a result of?

Hypothesis: The chronic inflammation is associated with airway hyper-responsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and coughing particularly at night or in the early morning.


Premise: In what year did GE acquire Kelman Ltd.?

Hypothesis: Since entering the renewable energy industry in 2002, GE has invested more than $850 million in renewable energy commercialization.


Premise: Who produced What's Opera, Doc?

Hypothesis: Several works from the Golden Age of Animation matched the action to classical music.


Premise: What was a rarest rare to become a noble?

Hypothesis: Nobles were born into a noble family, adopted by a noble family (this was abolished in 1633) or ennobled by a king or Sejm for various reasons (bravery in combat, service to the state, etc.—


Premise: How do women in the Muslim communities of the Eritrean lowland dress?

Hypothesis: Only Rashaida women maintain a tradition of covering half of their faces, though they do not cover their hair.


Premise: With what two countries did Cyprus first demarcate its maritime border?

Hypothesis: Cyprus demarcated its maritime border with Egypt in 2003, and with Lebanon in 2007.


Premise: Where did Pakistan try to remove the Taliban and Al-Qaeda?

Hypothesis: Supported by U.S. intelligence, Pakistan was attempting to remove the Taliban insurgency and al-Qaeda element from the northern tribal areas.


Premise: For every 100 females age 18 and over, how many males were there?

Hypothesis: For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.2 males.


Premise: Does excersice have any role on cognitive brain function?

Hypothesis: The effects of exercise on memory have important implications for improving children's academic performance, maintaining mental abilities in old age, and the prevention and potential cure of neurological diseases.


Premise: How train is able to turn around after each completed journey?

Hypothesis: Today, the driver does not have to change ends at termini provided with such a loop, but the time saving is not so significant as it takes almost as long to drive round the loop as it does to change ends.


Premise: Where is the site where Hyderabad's solid waste is dumped?

Hypothesis: Disposal is managed by the Integrated Solid Waste Management project which was started by the GHMC in 2010.


Premise: What type of study does the European University Institute focus on?

Hypothesis: The European University Institute, a post-graduate university specialised in the social sciences, is officially an intergovernmental organisation, set up by the member states of the European Union.


Premise: What loses signal strength?

Hypothesis: Transmission from a circularly polarized antenna received by a linearly polarized antenna (or vice versa) entails a 3 dB reduction in signal-to-noise ratio as the received power has thereby been cut in half.


Premise: How many Jews were there in the world just prior to the Holocaust?

Hypothesis: Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million.


Premise: How much was the German population reduced during the Thirty Years' War?

Hypothesis: After the Eighty Years' War in the Low Countries and the French Wars of Religion, the confessional division of the states of the Holy Roman Empire eventually erupted in the Thirty Years' War between 1618 and 1648.


Premise: For what battle was Houston used as an organization point ?

Hypothesis: After the Civil War, Houston businessmen initiated efforts to widen the city's extensive system of bayous so the city could accept more commerce between downtown and the nearby port of Galveston.


Premise: Who was Nasser's vice president?

Hypothesis: In this case Nasser's opponent could see his hand in the mirror and knew he was only holding a pair of deuces" and Nasser knew that his army is not prepared yet. "


Premise: What transformed Arabic languages?

Hypothesis: The movement to translate English and European texts transformed the Arabic and Ottoman Turkish languages, and new words, simplified syntax, and directness came to be valued over the previous convolutions.


Premise: What other areas has wrestling garnered interest from?

Hypothesis: With its growing popularity, professional wrestling has attracted attention as a subject of serious academic study and journalistic criticism.


Premise: What man is associated with the beginnings of Evangelicalism?

Hypothesis: It gained great momentum in the 18th and 19th centuries with the emergence of Methodism and the Great Awakenings in Britain and North America.


Premise: What was the most notable naval victory EIC  had?

Hypothesis: On this occasion the Indiamen also succeeded in bluffing their way to safety, and without any shots even being fired.


Premise: Diseases with vector transmission or sexual transmission don't often require what type of isolation?

Hypothesis: Infectious diseases are sometimes called contagious disease when they are easily transmitted by contact with an ill person or their secretions (e.g., influenza).


Premise: What is located in the basement level of the West Campus?

Hypothesis: The West Campus is located about one mile (1.6 km) to the west of the Danforth Campus in Clayton, Missouri, and primarily consists of a four-story former department store building housing mostly administrative space.


Premise: What is another name for flatworm?

Hypothesis: These were originally considered some of the most primitive Bilateria, but it now appears they developed from more complex ancestors.


Premise: What's the name of the cave system

Hypothesis: There is an extensive network of caves, including Wookey Hole, underground rivers, and gorges, including the Cheddar Gorge and Ebbor Gorge.


Premise: What incident was the most deadly military accident that occurred on Cyprus?

Hypothesis: The Evangelos Florakis Naval Base explosion, which occurred on 11 July 2011, was the most deadly military accident ever recorded in Cyprus.


Premise: What characteristic of American cotton attracted buyers after the end of the Civil war?

Hypothesis: After the American Civil War ended in 1865, British and French traders abandoned Egyptian cotton and returned to cheap American exports,[citation needed] sending Egypt into a deficit spiral that led to the country declaring bankruptcy in 1876, a key factor behind Egypt's occupation by the British Empire in 1882.


Premise: What type of community was Siddhārtha Gautama raised in?

Hypothesis: The evidence of the early texts suggests that Siddhārtha Gautama was born in a community that was on the periphery, both geographically and culturally, of the northeastern Indian subcontinent in the fifth century BCE.


Premise: How many French troops were involved in the crossing of the Rhine?

Hypothesis: After some minor engagements that culminated in the Battle of Ulm, Mack finally surrendered after realizing that there was no way to break out of the French encirclement.


Premise: Which car company released the first automobile interface for the iPod?

Hypothesis: Scion offers standard iPod connectivity on all their cars.


Premise: What was the name of the ecumenical council that made the decision ?

Hypothesis: The Council of Trent decreed: "If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema."


Premise: What feature makes the Marshalls susceptible to harm due to rising sea levels?

Hypothesis: Due to its very low elevation, the Marshall Islands are threatened by the potential effects of sea level rise.


Premise: Greek thought is predominately applying mathematics and what other method?

Hypothesis: In the Hellenistic age scholars frequently employed the principles developed in earlier Greek thought: the application of mathematics and deliberate empirical research, in their scientific investigations.


Premise: How has breeding helped in the pultry industry?

Hypothesis: Poultry breeding has produced breeds and strains to fulfil different needs; light-framed, egg-laying birds that can produce 300 eggs a year; fast-growing, fleshy birds destined for consumption at a young age, and utility birds which produce both an acceptable number of eggs and a well-fleshed carcase.


Premise: In terms of budget, what is the estimated savings from using the fuel cell system?

Hypothesis: There are three PureCell Model 400 fuel cells placed in the city of New Haven—one at the New Haven Public Schools and newly constructed Roberto Clemente School, one at the mixed-use 360 State Street building, and one at City Hall.


Premise: What was the lockout chip number for UK, Italy, and Australia?

Hypothesis: Known regions are: USA/Canada (3193 lockout chip), most of Europe (3195), Asia (3196) and UK, Italy and Australia (3197).


Premise: What early civilization made cameo glass?

Hypothesis: From about 1960 onwards there have been an increasing number of small studios hand-producing glass artworks, and glass artists began to class themselves as in effect sculptors working in glass, and their works as part fine arts.


Premise: Who lead the Persians into a coalition with the Medes, Babylon, Scythians, and Cimmerians to fight against the Assyrians?

Hypothesis: Under king Cyaxares, the Medes and Persians entered into an alliance with Nabopolassar of Babylon, as well as the Scythians and the Cimmerians, and together they attacked the Assyrian Empire.


Premise: What has happened when other countries condemned Armenian genocide?

Hypothesis: Governments of Republic of Turkey since that time have consistently rejected charges of genocide, typically arguing either that those Armenians who died were simply in the way of a war or that killings of Armenians were justified by their individual or collective support for the enemies of the Ottoman Empire.


Premise: What is the nationality of the company that makes pentobarbital?

Hypothesis: Another alternative, pentobarbital, is also only manufactured in the European Union, which has caused the Danish producer to restrict distribution to U.S. government customers.


Premise: Where did Picassos work until 1912?

Hypothesis: Picasso worked in Montmartre until 1912, while Braque and Gris remained there until after the First World War.


Premise: How many black people lived in Ulcinj until 1878?

Hypothesis: Due to the Ottoman slave trade that had flourished in the Balkans, the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro had its own black community.


Premise: What official writings give specific prayers for each hours of the day for Catholics ?

Hypothesis: You are the glory of Jerusalem, you are the joy of Israel, you give honour to our people.


Premise: What is the average age of a Palermo resident?

Hypothesis: The reason for Palermo's decline is a population flight to the suburbs, and to Northern Italy.


Premise: Outside of doing it on their own time, what other motivation could students have to take non mandatory electives?

Hypothesis: The Centre For Co-Curricular Studies provides elective subjects and language courses outside the field of science for students in the other faculties and departments.


Premise: Who owns the trademark to I ❤ NY?

Hypothesis: I Love New York (stylized I ❤ NY)


Premise: What was the equivalent yield in TNT of the Little Boy bomb, in tonnes?

Hypothesis: The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945.


Premise: The period between 640-580 BC was known as what?

Hypothesis: In the first large-scale depictions during the early archaic period (640–580 BC), the artists tried to draw one's attention to look into the interior of the face and the body which were not represented as lifeless masses, but as being full of life.


Premise: Where is Adams ring from the center of Neptune?

Hypothesis: The three main rings are the narrow Adams Ring, 63,000 km from the centre of Neptune, the Le Verrier Ring, at 53,000 km, and the broader, fainter Galle Ring, at 42,000 km.


Premise: The 2009 Supreme Court Case which had the City of New Haven versus who?

Hypothesis: In April 2009, the United States Supreme Court agreed to hear a suit over reverse discrimination brought by 20 white and Hispanic firefighters against the city.


Premise: What is the highest ever recorded temperature in New Delhi?

Hypothesis: The climate of New Delhi is a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) with high variation between summer and winter in terms of both temperature and rainfall.


Premise: Who became Patriarch in Alexandria while Athanasius was away?

Hypothesis: During this time, Gregory of Cappadocia was installed as the Patriarch of Alexandria, usurping the absent Athanasius.


Premise: Who published the first thorough investigation of the photoelectric effect?

Hypothesis: It was first observed by Alexandre Edmond Becquerel in 1839, although credit is usually reserved for Heinrich Hertz, who published the first thorough investigation in 1887.


Premise: What will cause the amount of homosexuality to vary?

Hypothesis: Depending on subject's age, culture and sex, the prevalence rates of homosexuality vary depending on which component of sexual orientation is being assessed: sexual attraction, sexual behavior, or sexual identity.


Premise: Who is the dog that guards Helheim?

Hypothesis: In Philippine mythology, Kimat who is the pet of Tadaklan, god of thunder, is responsible for lightning.


Premise: What refers to a high mountain pasture where cows are taken to be grazed during the summer months?

Hypothesis: An alp refers to a high mountain pasture where cows are taken to be grazed during the summer months and where hay barns can be found, and the term "the Alps", referring to the mountains, is a misnomer.


Premise: Which language has a word for "green" that is comparable to a Mongolian word for "meadow"?

Hypothesis: However, comparative linguistics makes clear that these terms were coined independently, over the past few millennia, and there is no identifiable single Proto-Indo-European or word for "green".


Premise: What is it about Antarctic meteorites that is different form meteorites found in other places?

Hypothesis: Meteorites from Antarctica are an important area of study of material formed early in the solar system; most are thought to come from asteroids, but some may have originated on larger planets.


Premise: What was the focus of aristocratic culture during this period?

Hypothesis: Changes also took place among laymen, as aristocratic culture focused on great feasts held in halls rather than on literary pursuits.


Premise: What are many long distance migrants genetically programmed to do?

Hypothesis: Species like the chaffinch are much less migratory in Britain than those of continental Europe, mostly not moving more than 5 km in their lives.


Premise: What is the main staple of this event?

Hypothesis: Single leg skills are generally found in the form of scissors, an element often done on the pommels.


Premise: What is the name of the solar energy research facility in Germany?

Hypothesis: Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan.


Premise: What group of now extinct seed plants had many of the traits of what are now flowering plants?

Hypothesis: Oleanane, a secondary metabolite produced by many flowering plants, has been found in Permian deposits of that age together with fossils of gigantopterids.


Premise: What is Albert Einstein known for?

Hypothesis: Despite his reservations about its interpretation, Einstein also made contributions to quantum mechanics and, indirectly, quantum field theory, primarily through his theoretical studies of the photon.


Premise: What program saw more viewers than American Idol this season?

Hypothesis: For the first time in eight years, American Idol lost the leading position in both the total viewers number and the 18/49 demo, coming in second to NBC Sunday Night Football, although the strengths of Idol in its second year in the Wednesday-Thursday primetime slots helped Fox achieve the longest period of 18-49 demographic victory in the Nielsen ratings, standing at 8 straight years from 2004 to 2012.


Premise: Who said Columbia did not want American aid if it required changing the Catholic church's stance on birth control?

Hypothesis: As World Bank President Robert McNamara declared at the 1968 Annual Meeting of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group that countries permitting birth control practices would get preferential access to resources, doctors in La Paz, Bolivia called it insulting that money should be exchanged for the conscience of a Catholic nation.


Premise: When did the hyperinflation of  1923 occur?

Hypothesis: In Germany, the Weimar Republic gave way to episodes of political and economic turmoil, which culminated with the German hyperinflation of 1923 and the failed Beer Hall Putsch of that same year.


Premise: Is Chinese a required or non-curriculum course?

Hypothesis: In the 1970s, there was just one school computer, in a small room attached to the science buildings.


Premise: How much money did Burke accept instead of the Earlship?

Hypothesis: King George III, whose favour he had gained by his attitude on the French Revolution, wished to create him Earl of Beaconsfield, but the death of his son deprived the opportunity of such an honour and all its attractions, so the only award he would accept was a pension of £2,500.


Premise: How man boroughs was the borough of Mexico City split into in 1970?

Hypothesis: Since then, in a de facto manner, the whole Federal District, whose delegaciones had by then almost formed a single urban area, began to be considered a synonym of Mexico City.


Premise: What are the most popular spectator sports in Israel?

Hypothesis: The most popular spectator sports in Israel are association football and basketball.


Premise: In what state was Camp Meade located?

Hypothesis: In February 1918 he was transferred to Camp Meade in Maryland with the 65th Engineers.


Premise: What important figure was killed in the raid?

Hypothesis: Perhaps the most famous raid by Oeselian pirates occurred in 1187, with the attack on the Swedish town of Sigtuna by Finnic raiders from Couronia and Oesel.


Premise: What are the common languages spoken?

Hypothesis: It is a multireligional, multicultural as well as multilingual state like other Indian states.


Premise: Who thought Process and Reality was little-read because the reader has to separate them from normal thought?

Hypothesis: Whitehead questioned western philosophy's most dearly held assumptions about how the universe works, but in doing so he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions.


Premise: According to Shuman, up to what percentage of domestic hot water can be  provided by solar heating systems?

Hypothesis: Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water.


Premise: What was the job title of Ed Policy?

Hypothesis: High hopes for the AFL waned when interim commissioner Ed Policy announced his resignation, citing the obsolescence of his position in the reformatted league.


Premise: How many undergrad students attend the College of Science at Notre Dame today?

Hypothesis: Today the college, housed in the newly built Jordan Hall of Science, includes over 1,200 undergraduates in six departments of study – biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics, pre-professional studies, and applied and computational mathematics and statistics


Premise: How many rounds of anti-defense were fired?

Hypothesis: British anti-aircraft defences (General Frederick Alfred Pile) fired 8,326 rounds and shot down only two bombers.


Premise: What compound is better absorbed than zinc gluconate?

Hypothesis: A 1987 study found that zinc picolinate was better absorbed than zinc gluconate or zinc citrate.


Premise: How many square miles of water is Boston?

Hypothesis: Boston has an area of 89.6 square miles (232.1 km2)—48.4 square miles (125.4 km2) (54.0%) of land and 41.2 square miles (106.7 km2) (46.0%) of water.


Premise: How many planes were allowed to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety regulations?

Hypothesis: Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules.


Premise: When is HMS Queen Elizabeth projected to commission?

Hypothesis: HMS Queen Elizabeth is projected to commission in 2017 followed by Prince of Wales in about 2020.


Premise: Who predicted Germany's declaration of war against the United States months before?

Hypothesis: Four days after Pearl Harbor, Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy declared war on the United States, drawing the country into a two-theater war.


Premise: When was Jones removed from the show?

Hypothesis: On February 23, it was announced that one more finalist would join the Top 24 making it the Top 25, and that was Jermaine Jones.


Premise: Which member of Austrian parliament wanted Schwarzenegger to lose his Austrian citizenship?

Hypothesis: Shortly before he gained his citizenship, he asked the Austrian authorities for the right to keep his Austrian citizenship, as Austria does not usually allow dual citizenship.


Premise: What may self-identification not correlate with precisely?

Hypothesis: So you could argue that sex is also a problematic category.


Premise: What team won ArenaBowl XXI?

Hypothesis: The San Jose SaberCats earned their third championship in six years by defeating the Columbus Destroyers 55–33.


Premise: What did the Eritrean government ban in 2007?

Hypothesis: Additionally, a new movement called Citizens for Democratic Rights in Eritrea aimed at bringing about dialogue between the government and opposition was formed in early 2009.


Premise: What did nationalism in music sometime echo?

Hypothesis: There was also a rise, especially toward the end of the era, of nationalism in music (echoing, in some cases, political sentiments of the time), as composers such as Edvard Grieg, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, and Antonín Dvořák echoed traditional music of their homelands in their compositions.


Premise: On what date did the peace conference on Staten Island occur?

Hypothesis: Shortly after the British occupation began, the Great Fire of New York occurred, a large conflagration on the West Side of Lower Manhattan, which destroyed about a quarter of the buildings in the city, including Trinity Church.


Premise: What leader sponsored the expedition that discovered Cape Verde?

Hypothesis: Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal


Premise: What is Montana's motto?

Hypothesis: The state flower, the bitterroot, was adopted in 1895 with the support of a group called the Floral Emblem Association, which formed after Montana's Women's Christian Temperance Union adopted the bitterroot as the organization's state flower.


Premise: What determines the speed in which mail reaches Guam from the United States?

Hypothesis: The speed of mail traveling between Guam and the states varies depending on size and time of year.


Premise: Before the amendment in 1982, under what situations could a listed species be displaced?

Hypothesis: The amendment created a permit process to circumvent the take prohibition called a Habitat Conservation Plan or HCP to give incentives to non-federal land managers and private landowners to help protect listed and unlisted species, while allowing economic development that may harm ("take") the species.


Premise: Who met Kerry in Jan 2014?

Hypothesis: First of all, we talked at great length about Syria, and I was particularly appreciative for the Archbishop’s raising this issue, and equally grateful for the Holy Father’s comments – the Pope's comments yesterday regarding his support for the Geneva II process.


Premise: To what type of theater are the two dozen live venues in Seattle associated?

Hypothesis: Seattle has "around 100" theatrical production companies and over two dozen live theatre venues, many of them associated with fringe theatre; Seattle is probably second only to New York for number of equity theaters (28 Seattle theater companies have some sort of Actors' Equity contract).


Premise: What is the conservative Evangelical Christian region called?

Hypothesis: Oklahoma is part of a geographical region characterized by conservative and Evangelical Christianity known as the "Bible Belt".


Premise: Why did Venezuelans come to America?

Hypothesis: Many Venezuelans settled in the United States with hopes of receiving a better education, only to remain in there following graduation.


Premise: What must happen quickly for glass to form?

Hypothesis: The tendency for a material to form a glass while quenched is called glass-forming ability.


Premise: Where are Norfolk Island patients who need serious treatment flown to?

Hypothesis: Norfolk Island Hospital is the only medical centre on the island.


Premise: How are targets aquired for non-ManPAD SAMs?

Hypothesis: Targets for non-ManPAD SAMs will usually be acquired by air-search radar, then tracked before/while a SAM is "locked-on" and then fired.


Premise: How many immigrants to Paris in 2012 were from the Maghreb?

Hypothesis: According to the 2012 census, 135,853 residents of the city of Paris were immigrants from Europe, 112,369 were immigrants from the Maghreb, 70,852 from sub-Saharan Africa and Egypt, 5,059 from Turkey, 91,297 from Asia (outside Turkey), 38,858 from the Americas, and 1,365 from the South Pacific.


Premise: What type of festivals happened when events warranted them?

Hypothesis: Other public festivals were not required by the calendar, but occasioned by events.


Premise: Why do most fish, reptiles, amphibians, and birds appear green?

Hypothesis: Most fish, reptiles, amphibians, and birds appear green because of a reflection of blue light coming through an over-layer of yellow pigment.


Premise: What is the earliest period the National Art Gallery has pieces from?

Hypothesis: The National Art Gallery in Yerevan has more than 16,000 works that date back to the Middle Ages, which indicate Armenia's rich tales and stories of the times.


Premise: The Saint Helena pound is at parity with what other currency?

Hypothesis: The government of Saint Helena produces its own coinage and banknotes.


Premise: Where did Dionysius hail from?

Hypothesis: During this period, Roman soldiers seem to have been modelled after those of the Etruscans to the north, who themselves seem to have copied their style of warfare from the Greeks.


Premise: When was the Arab-Israeli War launched?

Hypothesis: The following day, the armies of four Arab countries—Egypt, Syria, Transjordan and Iraq—entered what had been British Mandatory Palestine, launching the 1948 Arab–Israeli War; Contingents from Yemen, Morocco, Saudi Arabia and Sudan joined the war.


Premise: What 2010 body found how difficult it is to accurately report the financial impact of infringement?

Hypothesis: The U.S. GAO's 2010 findings regarding the great difficulty of accurately gauging the economic impact of copyright infringement was reinforced within the same report by the body's research into three commonly cited estimates that had previously been provided to U.S. agencies.


Premise: Who co-wrote Principia Mathematica with Whitehead?

Hypothesis: In addition to numerous articles on mathematics, Whitehead wrote three major books on the subject:


Premise: How much did Dell spend to construct a new plant in India?

Hypothesis: an estimated $60 million in a new manufacturing unit in Chennai, India, to support the sales of its products in the Indian subcontinent.


Premise: What road connects Preston to Blackpool?

Hypothesis: The M55 connects Preston to Blackpool and is 11.5 miles (18.3 km) long.


Premise: What is the AOSIS'S main concern?

Hypothesis: The feasibility of wind power generation will be considered.


Premise: What countries established new orders?

Hypothesis: These overseas nominations have been discontinued in realms that have established their own Orders—such as the Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit—but members of the Order are still appointed in the British Overseas Territories.


Premise: How are Jehovah Witnesses organized?

Hypothesis: Until late 2012, the Governing Body described itself as the representative and "spokesman" for God's "faithful and discreet slave class" (approximately 10,000 self-professed "anointed" Jehovah's Witnesses).


Premise: Which leader considered Nasser his hero?

Hypothesis: Muammar Gaddafi, who overthrew the Libyan monarchy in 1969, considered Nasser his hero and sought to succeed him as "leader of the Arabs".


Premise: When was 'Skullmonkeys' released?

Hypothesis: He is credited in the special thanks section of the 1998 video game Trespasser.


Premise: How big is SouthPark Mall?

Hypothesis: SouthPark Mall in Charlotte is currently the largest in the Carolinas, with almost 2.0 million square feet.


Premise: How many physical trophies have been presented?

Hypothesis: In order to preserve this original, from 1992 it was replaced by an exact replica, although this had to be replaced after just over two decades, after showing wear and tear from being handled more than in previous eras.


Premise: How clear is the relationship between the broadest of the three non-basal angiosperm groups?

Hypothesis: The exact relationship between these eight groups is not yet clear, although there is agreement that the first three groups to diverge from the ancestral angiosperm were Amborellales, Nymphaeales, and Austrobaileyales.


Premise: How did City Council decide to paint the A?

Hypothesis: It is now red, white and blue except when it is white or another color decided by a biennial election.


Premise: Who presented a method for specifying a group by means of generators and relations?

Hypothesis: Walther von Dyck (1882) introduced the idea of specifying a group by means of generators and relations, and was also the first to give an axiomatic definition of an "abstract group", in the terminology of the time.


Premise: Who is the current chairman of the Premier League?

Hypothesis: The current chairman is Sir Dave Richards, who was appointed in April 1999, and the chief executive is Richard Scudamore, appointed in November 1999.


Premise: Which church still holds on to the original meaning of "cardinal" from the above Latin word?

Hypothesis: The Church of England retains an instance of this origin of the title, which is held by the two senior members of the College of Minor Canons of St Paul's Cathedral.


Premise: What is the range for the width for international matches in meters?

Hypothesis: The length of the pitch for international adult matches is in the range of 100–110 m (110–120 yd) and the width is in the range of 64–75 m (70–80 yd).


Premise: Who did Dominic entrust to start his school?

Hypothesis: When the brethren left Prouille, then, to begin their apostolic work, Dominic sent Matthew of Paris to establish a school near the University of Paris.


Premise: Why didn't the Japanese launch their planned attack on September 22, 1945?

Hypothesis: During the final months of the war, the Japanese had a plan to target multiple U.S. cities for biological attack, starting with San Diego.


Premise: What is the generic term for an airplane or rocket in French?

Hypothesis: English terms for air defence include the German Flak (Fliegerabwehrkanone, "aircraft defence cannon", also cited as Flugabwehrkanone), whence English flak, and the Russian term Protivovozdushnaya oborona (Cyrillic: Противовозду́шная оборо́на), a literal translation of "anti-air defence", abbreviated as PVO.


Premise: By what group was Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso most heavily influenced by?

Hypothesis: He was deeply influenced by both Cubist and Futurist trends.


Premise: Where is the civil service college of Thuringia?

Hypothesis: Finally, there are colleges for those studying for a technical qualification while working in a related field (Berufsakademie) at Eisenach (600 students) and Gera (700 students).


Premise: In what tradition of music did Brahms Wagner and Hadyn achieve fame?

Hypothesis: Other composers of the Austro-German tradition who achieved international fame include Brahms, Wagner, Haydn, Schubert, Händel, Schumann, Liszt, Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Johann Strauss II, Bruckner, Mahler, Telemann, Richard Strauss, Schoenberg, Orff, and most recently, Henze, Lachenmann, and Stockhausen.


Premise: What are locals of Mexico City called?

Hypothesis: Residents of Mexico City are more recently called defeños (deriving from the postal abbreviation of the Federal District in Spanish: D.F., which is read "De-Efe").


Premise: What process is a trace left over from?

Hypothesis: In a multi-layer board one entire layer may be mostly solid copper to act as a ground plane for shielding and power return.


Premise: What church was widespread across Europe at this time?

Hypothesis: The Catholic Church prevailed across Europe at this time, influencing not only faith but also wealth and power.


Premise: In what month and year did Comcast buy 49% of NBCUniversal?

Hypothesis: In March 2013, Comcast bought the remaining 49% of NBCUniversal for $16.7 billion.


Premise: What was the ultimate view of Content ID's performance after a 2009 test?

Hypothesis: YouTube has cited the effectiveness of Content ID as one of the reasons why the site's rules were modified in December 2010 to allow some users to upload videos of unlimited length.


Premise: What did Microsoft name the SKU that replaced the 360 Core?

Hypothesis: The original shipment of the Xbox 360 version included a cut-down version of the Media Remote as a promotion.


Premise: What is 'Keh Chiang' a romanization for?

Hypothesis: "Cheh Kiang" is another romanization for Zhejiang.


Premise: What are the ranges of mean precipitation in the Alps?

Hypothesis: High-water levels in streams and rivers peak in June and July when the snow is still melting at the higher altitudes.


Premise: When was the Canada First Defence Strategy introduced?

Hypothesis: Canadian defence policy today is based on the Canada First Defence Strategy, introduced in 2008.


Premise: What does Brace feel the term "black" in meaningful in?

Hypothesis: Brace has criticized this, the practice of forensic anthropologists for using the controversial concept "race" out of convention when they in fact should be talking about regional ancestry.


Premise: How much has translation changed since antiquity?

Hypothesis: Except for some extreme metaphrasers in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the 18th century), translators have generally shown prudent flexibility in seeking equivalents — "literal" where possible, paraphrastic where necessary — for the original meaning and other crucial "values" (e.g., style, verse form, concordance with musical accompaniment or, in films, with speech articulatory movements) as determined from context.


Premise: When was the Oklahoma History Center created?

Hypothesis: Located across the street from the governor's mansion at 800 Nazih Zuhdi Drive in northeast Oklahoma City, the museum opened in 2005 and is operated by the Oklahoma Historical Society.


Premise: What party did Brennan belong to?

Hypothesis: Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism.


Premise: What battle resulted in the destruction of the Fujiwara?

Hypothesis: In the end, the Fujiwara were destroyed, the old system of government supplanted, and the insei system left powerless as bushi took control of court affairs, marking a turning point in Japanese history.


Premise: What were "Squeeze LDs"?

Hypothesis: During the video transfer stage, the movie was stored in an anamorphic "squeezed" format.


Premise: What can antibodies with artificial fluorescence be directed to do?

Hypothesis: Microscopy is often also used in conjunction with biochemical staining techniques, and can be made exquisitely specific when used in combination with antibody based techniques.


Premise: The bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union followed the Swiss rejection of what?

Hypothesis: It is possible, however, for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties; consider for instance the bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) following the Swiss rejection of the European Economic Area agreement.


Premise: What type of fiber forms the backbone of the internet?

Hypothesis: Light-emitting diodes (as well as semiconductor lasers) are used to send data over many types of fiber optic cable, from digital audio over TOSLINK cables to the very high bandwidth fiber links that form the Internet backbone.


Premise: What is an example of a section of Valencia that was majorly renovated?

Hypothesis: Starting in the mid-1990s, Valencia, formerly an industrial centre, saw rapid development that expanded its cultural and touristic possibilities, and transformed it into a newly vibrant city.


Premise: Who is the Senator that released a letter to the FDIC and OTS that prompted a "run" on IndyMac?

Hypothesis: While the run was a contributing factor in the timing of IndyMac’s demise, the underlying cause of the failure was the unsafe and unsound manner in which the thrift was operated.


Premise: Who is the Commonwealth's monarch?

Hypothesis: Although the British Empire achieved its largest territorial extent immediately after World War I, Britain was no longer the world's pre-eminent industrial or military power.


Premise: What did Darwin admit about acquired characteristics in chapter one of On the Origin of Species?

Hypothesis: However, one thing was clear: whatever the exact nature and causes of new variations, Darwin knew from observation and experiment that breeders were able to select such variations and produce huge differences in many generations of selection.


Premise: What do plants do in their environment?

Hypothesis: Plant ecology is the science of the functional relationships between plants and their habitats—the environments where they complete their life cycles.


Premise: What was the percentage increase in the Broadway ticket revenue from 2012-3 to 2013-4?

Hypothesis: According to The Broadway League, Broadway shows sold approximately US$1.27 billion worth of tickets in the 2013–2014 season, an 11.4% increase from US$1.139 billion in the 2012–2013 season.


Premise: What was the name of Kiarostami's film which won the Palm d'Or at Cannes in 1997?

Hypothesis: Critics considered this a remarkable event in the history of Iranian cinema.


Premise: Impressive public secular architecture can also be found in what other Italian city?

Hypothesis: Secular Gothic architecture can also be found in a number of public buildings such as town halls, universities, markets or hospitals.


Premise: About what percentage of the Nepali population follows Islam?

Hypothesis: According to the records of the Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of Nepal, there are approximately 300 Baha'is in Kathmandu valley.


Premise: When did Spain invade?

Hypothesis: Sweden, fearing Prussia's expansionist tendencies, went to war in 1757 to protect its Baltic dominions, seeing its chance when virtually all of Europe opposed Prussia.


Premise: Who defines the concept of race in the United States Census?

Hypothesis: " OMB defines the concept of race as outlined for the U.S. Census as not "scientific or anthropological" and takes into account "social and cultural characteristics as well as ancestry", using "appropriate scientific methodologies" that are not "primarily biological or genetic in reference.


Premise: How many buses does the London public bus network operate?

Hypothesis: London's bus network is one of the largest in the world, running 24 hours a day, with about 8,500 buses, more than 700 bus routes and around 19,500 bus stops.


Premise: What is considered to be the best remaining example of a house from the Georgian period and style?

Hypothesis: Unlike the Baroque style that it replaced, which was mostly used for palaces and churches, and had little representation in the British colonies, simpler Georgian styles were widely used by the upper and middle classes.


Premise: How many inhabitants did Portugal have by 2007?

Hypothesis: It was one of the last western colonial European powers to give up its overseas territories (among them Angola and Mozambique in 1975), turning over the administration of Macau to the People's Republic of China at the end of 1999.


Premise: How many national highway bridges in Oklahoma were found to be deficient in 2010?

Hypothesis: In 2010, the state had the nation's third highest number of bridges classified as structurally deficient, with nearly 5,212 bridges in disrepair, including 235 National Highway System Bridges.


Premise: How does kaolin create a more gentle light?

Hypothesis: It diffuses the light emitted from the filament, producing a more gentle and evenly distributed light.


Premise: Who were the final two contestants?

Hypothesis: Fantasia went on to gain some successes as a recording artist, while Hudson, who placed seventh, became the only Idol contestant so far to win both an Academy Award and a Grammy.


Premise: What lead to the architectural changes in Myanmar ?

Hypothesis: Myanmar was bombed extensively by both sides.


Premise: How old was Tongzhi when he came to power?

Hypothesis: When the Tongzhi Emperor came to the throne at the age of five in 1861, these officials rallied around him in what was called the Tongzhi Restoration.


Premise: When did the Clarity Act go into effect?

Hypothesis: Examples include the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement in 1988, the debate over the creation of a common defense perimeter, and as a potential consequence of not adopting proposals intended to resolve the issue of Quebec sovereignty, the Charlottetown Accord in 1992 and the Clarity Act in 1999.


Premise: What two notable figures are cited to have perished for refusing to give up the Church in England?

Hypothesis: During the thirty-eight years of Henry VIII's reign, about sixty heretics, mainly Protestants, were executed and a rather greater number of Catholics lost their lives on grounds of political offences such as treason, notably Sir Thomas More and Cardinal John Fisher, for refusing to accept the king's supremacy over the Church in England.


Premise: A the economy and middle class expanded, what artistic profession had an increasing number of members?

Hypothesis: As the economy and the middle class expanded, there was an increasing number of amateur musicians.


Premise: When was it announced that the SaberCats would be shutting down?

Hypothesis: On November 12, the league announced the defending champion San Jose SaberCats would be ceasing operations due to "reasons unrelated to League operations".


Premise: How many people died of cholera in London in 1848?

Hypothesis: London was the world's largest city from about 1831 to 1925.


Premise: From when was it taught that the little flock would not be the only people to survive Armageddon?

Hypothesis: From 1932, it was taught that the "little flock" of 144,000 would not be the only people to survive Armageddon.


Premise: The radical enlightenment was inspired by the philosophy of whom?

Hypothesis: There were two distinct lines of Enlightenment thought: the radical enlightenment, inspired by the philosophy of Spinoza, advocating democracy, individual liberty, freedom of expression, and eradication of religious authority; and a second, more moderate variety, supported by René Descartes, John Locke, Christian Wolff, Isaac Newton and others, which sought accommodation between reform and the traditional systems of power and faith.


Premise: What percentage of Japanese warships were sunk by U.S. submarines?

Hypothesis: US submariners also claimed 28% of Japanese warships destroyed.


Premise: What were the last Asian Games that Israel participated in?

Hypothesis: Israel was excluded from the 1978 Asian Games due to security and expense involved if they were to participate.


Premise: When did equal temperament become accepted as the dominant musical temperament?

Hypothesis: While equal temperament became gradually accepted as the dominant musical temperament during the 18th century, different historical temperaments are often used for music from earlier periods.


Premise: What concern did Hills raise about police models?

Hypothesis: With transnational police development-aid the imbalances of power between donors and recipients are stark and there are questions about the applicability and transportability of policing models between jurisdictions (Hills, 2009).


Premise: After which event did the 1943 race riot happen?

Hypothesis: The federal government prohibited discrimination in defense work but when in June 1943, Packard promoted three blacks to work next to whites on its assembly lines, 25,000 whites walked off the job.


Premise: What did the Guardian name her?

Hypothesis: Right now, she is the heir-apparent diva of the USA — the reigning national voice."


Premise: Who did Martin Luther criticize in the 95 theses?

Hypothesis: On 31 October 1517, Martin Luther supposedly nailed his 95 theses against the selling of indulgences at the door of the All Saints', the Castle Church in Wittenberg.


Premise: What the nation's canonical folk songs known as?

Hypothesis: Modern dance in Israel is a flourishing field, and several Israeli choreographers such as Ohad Naharin, Rami Beer, Barak Marshall and many others, are considered[by whom?] to be among the most versatile and original international creators working today.


Premise: Who was the representative of the Somali Film Agency in Rome?

Hypothesis: Following the creation of the Somali Film Agency (SFA) regulatory body in 1975, the local film scene began to expand rapidly.


Premise: What is another region with which the Gothic style is distinctly connected with?

Hypothesis: The Gothic style is most particularly associated with the great cathedrals of Northern France, the Low Countries, England and Spain, with other fine examples occurring across Europe.


Premise: What test might courts require software to pass to determine if it is protected or infringing?

Hypothesis: Likewise, courts may require computer software to pass an Abstraction-Filtration-Comparison test (AFC Test) to determine if it is too abstract to qualify for protection, or too dissimilar to an original work to be considered infringing.


Premise: When calculating the integral to determine the charge on the electrodes of a capacitor, what does the constant of integration that must be added represent?

Hypothesis: Thus the charge on the electrodes is equal to the integral of the current as well as proportional to the voltage, as discussed above.


Premise: What is the purpose of the Noble Eightfold Path?

Hypothesis: Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration.


Premise: Who believed that the same forces that controlled the universe also controlled the human body?

Hypothesis: For example, since the wood phase was believed to promote the fire phase, medicinal ingredients associated with the wood phase could be used to heal an organ associated with the fire phase.


Premise: What program has effectively eliminated the boll weevil in the US?

Hypothesis: Due to the US Department of Agriculture's highly successful Boll Weevil Eradication Program (BWEP), this pest has been eliminated from cotton in most of the United States.


Premise: Approximately how many miles long is Tennessee's Ridge and Valley region?

Hypothesis: The western section of the Tennessee Valley, where the depressions become broader and the ridges become lower, is called the Great Valley.


Premise: What are suggested, rather than explicitly realized?

Hypothesis: The basic character shapes are suggested, rather than explicitly realized, and the abbreviations are sometimes extreme.


Premise: What is another name for standard written chinese?

Hypothesis: However, the written script was and remains adapted to the literary form, which is based on classical Chinese, not the vernacular and spoken form.


Premise: Which city in the mid-18th century became the center of an explosion of philosophic and scientific activity?

Hypothesis: In the mid-18th century, Paris became the center of an explosion of philosophic and scientific activity challenging traditional doctrines and dogmas.


Premise: Who was behind the death off Emperor Aurangzeb?

Hypothesis: The "classic period" ended with the death and defeat of Emperor Aurangzeb in 1707 by the rising Hindu Maratha Empire, although the dynasty continued for another 150 years.


Premise: Why was Mevastatin never marketed?

Hypothesis: Animal trials showed very good inhibitory effect as in clinical trials, however a long term study in dogs found toxic effects at higher doses and as a result mevastatin was believed to be too toxic for human use.


Premise: What is resistance to antibiotics a cause of?

Hypothesis: The emergence of resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a common phenomenon.


Premise: A mammal's brain is how many times larger than a reptiles relative to body size?

Hypothesis: The most obvious difference between the brains of mammals and other vertebrates is in terms of size.


Premise: During what dynasty did the wuzhu stop being the standard coin?

Hypothesis: The wuzhu became China's standard coin until the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD).


Premise: What happens to a person whose autobiographic memory is damaged?

Hypothesis: Hyperthymesia, or hyperthymesic syndrome, is a disorder that affects an individual's autobiographical memory, essentially meaning that they cannot forget small details that otherwise would not be stored.


Premise: From what mountain range does New York's drinking water come from?

Hypothesis: New York City is supplied with drinking water by the protected Catskill Mountains watershed.


Premise: When was the Baird system discontinued?

Hypothesis: In 1949 France introduced an even higher-resolution standard at 819 lines, a system that should have been high definition even by today's standards, but was monochrome only and the technical limitations of the time prevented it from achieving the definition of which it should have been capable.


Premise: Since what year has tourism been ongoing to Antarctica?

Hypothesis: A total of 37,506 tourists visited during the 2006–07 Austral summer with nearly all of them coming from commercial ships.


Premise: Why is proper nutrition important?

Hypothesis: It is especially important to young children who do not have a fully developed immune system.


Premise: Soldiers and boys helped by Porter Military Academy were affected by what?

Hypothesis: Porter Military Academy later joined with Gaud School and is now a university-preparatory school, Porter-Gaud School.


Premise: Who were considered "white Indians"?

Hypothesis: Some Europeans living among Indigenous Americans were called "white Indians".


Premise: How many Tibetan prisoners did Mu Ying capture?

Hypothesis: Yet invasion went both ways; the Ming general Qu Neng, under the command of Lan Yu, was ordered to repel a Tibetan assault into Sichuan in 1390.


Premise: When did the russian civil war take place?

Hypothesis: The outcome of the First World War was disastrous for both the German Reich and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.


Premise: What type of journal does the Law Review strive to publish?

Hypothesis: The Law Review's primary purpose is to publish a journal of broad legal scholarship.


Premise: Who ejected the Benedictines again in 1559?

Hypothesis: In 1560, Elizabeth re-established Westminster as a "Royal Peculiar" – a church of the Church of England responsible directly to the Sovereign, rather than to a diocesan bishop – and made it the Collegiate Church of St Peter (that is, a non-cathedral church with an attached chapter of canons, headed by a dean.)


Premise: Where is Wayne County's Probate Court located?

Hypothesis: The city is home to the Thirty-Sixth District Court, as well as the First District of the Michigan Court of Appeals and the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan.


Premise: How many square miles is Oklahoma City?

Hypothesis: The total area is 3.09 percent water.


Premise: What was Morton Meyerson's position at his former company?

Hypothesis: Walker retired in 1990 due to health, and Michael Dell hired Morton Meyerson, former CEO and president of Electronic Data Systems to transform the company from a fast-growing medium-sized firm into a billion-dollar enterprise.


Premise: How many years was Parral an important economic and cultural center?

Hypothesis: Parral remained an important economic and cultural center for the next 300 years.


Premise: What did this report warn about?

Hypothesis: Geng, while acknowledging that earthquake prediction was broadly considered problematic by the scientific community, believed that "the bigger the earthquake, the easier it is to predict.


Premise: What is the purpose of testing software?

Hypothesis: As the number of possible tests for even simple software components is practically infinite, all software testing uses some strategy to select tests that are feasible for the available time and resources.


Premise: Which ocean name is translated to mean "all the sea?"

Hypothesis: The remainder was the world-ocean known as Panthalassa ("all the sea").


Premise: What force might damage a PCB if large components are surface mounted?

Hypothesis: Once surface-mounting came into use, small-sized SMD components were used where possible, with through-hole mounting only of components unsuitably large for surface-mounting due to power requirements or mechanical limitations, or subject to mechanical stress which might damage the PCB.


Premise: What is located on East 90th Street between York Avenue and East End Avenue?

Hypothesis: Asphalt Green, which is located on East 90th Street between York Avenue and East End Avenue.


Premise: Which other two cities also started to grow economically?

Hypothesis: Cities such as Colmar and Hagenau also began to grow in economic importance and gained a kind of autonomy within the "Decapole" or "Dekapolis", a federation of ten free towns.


Premise: What were Valencia's new charters called?

Hypothesis: Thenceforth the city entered a new historical stage in which a new society and a new language developed, forming the basis of the character of the Valencian people as they are known today.


Premise: Who were a Thracian people living in northwest Anatolia?

Hypothesis: Nicomedes also invited the Celtic Galatians into Anatolia as mercenaries, and they later turned on his son Prusias I, who defeated them in battle.


Premise: What is being used to produce white LEDs?

Hypothesis: A new style of wafers composed of gallium-nitride-on-silicon (GaN-on-Si) is being used to produce white LEDs using 200-mm silicon wafers.


Premise: The oil embargo in what year was a contributing factor to the reorganization of energy policies?

Hypothesis: Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan.


Premise: Was Laserdisk officially or unofficially reffered to as "Laser Videodisc"?

Hypothesis: The Philips-MCA cooperation was not successful, and discontinued after a few years.


Premise: What proved to be less acceptable to a colonial point of view?

Hypothesis: The term "Near and Middle East," held the stage for a few years before World War I.


Premise: What did CDs retail for in 1995?

Hypothesis: Wholesale cost of CDs was $0.75 to $1.15, which retailed for $16.98.


Premise: Whose 1980 book mentions "informal" economics?

Hypothesis: The "informal" economics presented in Milton Friedman's massively influential popular work Free to Choose (1980), is explicitly Hayekian in its account of the price system as a system for transmitting and co-ordinating knowledge.


Premise: How much more thicker is the dermis to the epidermis?

Hypothesis: The epidermis is typically 10 to 30 cells thick; its main function is to provide a waterproof layer.


Premise: What is the benefit of thorium oxide in addition to its refractive index?

Hypothesis: Lead glass or flint glass is more 'brilliant' because the increased refractive index causes noticeably more specular reflection and increased optical dispersion.


Premise: In addition to the Humvee, what other vehicle manufactured by AM General was Schwarzenegger first to own?

Hypothesis: He was so enamored by the vehicle that he lobbied the Humvee's manufacturer, AM General, to produce a street-legal, civilian version, which they did in 1992; the first two Hummers they sold were also purchased by Schwarzenegger.


Premise: Who led the Confederate forces defending Richmond throughout the war?

Hypothesis: The Confederates under Robert E. Lee tenaciously defended their capital until the very end.


Premise: Reforms in the Ottoman court system were based on what model?

Hypothesis: In an attempt to clarify the division of judicial competences, an administrative council laid down that religious matters were to be handled by religious courts, and statute matters were to be handled by the Nizamiye courts.


Premise: What was the warning signal called that warned the sender that there was impending overflow?

Hypothesis: This technique became adopted by several early computer operating systems as a "handshaking" signal warning a sender to stop transmission because of impending overflow; it persists to this day in many systems as a manual output control technique.


Premise: Where is the present city of Cork located geographically?

Hypothesis: Together, these baronies are located between the Barony of Barrymore to the east, Muskerry East to the west and Kerrycurrihy to the south.


Premise: When was the low point for English football?

Hypothesis: The Football League First Division, which had been the top level of English football since 1888, was well behind leagues such as Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga in attendances and revenues, and several top English players had moved abroad.


Premise: What city did the Sea Wolves move to?

Hypothesis: There are a number of franchises which existed in the form of a number of largely-unrelated teams under numerous management groups until they folded (an example is the New York CityHawks whose owners transferred the team from New York to Hartford to become the New England Sea Wolves after two seasons, then after another two seasons were sold and became the Toronto Phantoms, who lasted another two seasons until folding).


Premise: What major award did Gian Carlo Menotti win?

Hypothesis: It was founded in 1977 by Pulitzer Prize-winning composer Gian Carlo Menotti, who sought to establish a counterpart to the Festival dei Due Mondi (the Festival of Two Worlds) in Spoleto, Italy.


Premise: What is the second step to read the information encoded in a gene's DNA and produce the protein it specifies?

Hypothesis: In all organisms, two steps are required to read the information encoded in a gene's DNA and produce the protein it specifies.


Premise: Which poet critic in 1911 with a group of poets accepted the term Cubism?

Hypothesis: The result, not solely a collaboration between its two authors, reflected discussions by the circle of artists who met in Puteaux and Courbevoie.


Premise: Which mammal is the smallest?

Hypothesis: The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables feeding the fetus during gestation.


Premise: What is contrast banding?

Hypothesis: As the LaserDisc format is not digitally encoded and does not make use of compression techniques, it is immune to video macroblocking (most visible as blockiness during high motion sequences) or contrast banding (subtle visible lines in gradient areas, such as out-of-focus backgrounds, skies, or light casts from spotlights) that can be caused by the MPEG-2 encoding process as video is prepared for DVD.


Premise: Who was the first person to connect several Leyden jars in parallel?

Hypothesis: Benjamin Franklin investigated the Leyden jar and came to the conclusion that the charge was stored on the glass, not in the water as others had assumed.


Premise: Saint Helena is on the United Kingdom's list for future what?

Hypothesis: On the basis of these endemics and an exceptional range of habitats, Saint Helena is on the United Kingdom's tentative list for future UNESCO World Heritage Sites.


Premise: Which text was the first to have concepts of astronomy in it?

Hypothesis: Astronomy: The first textual mention of astronomical concepts comes from the Vedas, religious literature of India.


Premise: What type of approach is evolutionary anthropology based on?

Hypothesis: It is based on a scientific approach, and brings together fields such as archaeology, behavioral ecology, psychology, primatology, and genetics.


Premise: Who wanted the British to keep using machine guns in World War I?

Hypothesis: Until this time the British, at RAF insistence, continued their World War I use of machine guns, and introduced twin MG mountings for AAAD.


Premise: Why were laws limiting people of color passed?

Hypothesis: They maintained these until forced to change in the 1960s and after by enforcement of federal legislation authorizing oversight of practices to protect the constitutional rights of African Americans and other minority citizens.


Premise: Who played Atticus Finch in the UK theater productions of the film in 2006 and 2011?

Hypothesis: The play also opened the 2013 season at Regent's Park Open Air Theatre in London where it played to full houses and starred Robert Sean Leonard as Atticus Finch, his first London appearance in 22 years.


Premise: The Voskhod 2 carrying two humans was launched on what date?

Hypothesis: He succeeded in safely re-entering the ship, but he and Belyayev faced further challenges when the spacecraft's atmospheric controls flooded the cabin with 45% pure oxygen, which had to be lowered to acceptable levels before re-entry.


Premise: What did women acknowledge who considered themselves as lesbian or bisexual?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, women who relinquished bisexual and lesbian identification did not relinquish same sex sexuality and acknowledged the possibility for future same sex attractions and/or behaviour.