Premise: On what network did Turner Entertainment's film library air prior to the creation of TCM?

Hypothesis: The film library of Turner Entertainment would serve as the base form of programming for TCM upon the network's launch.


Premise: What banks did Greece use derivatives' deals with?

Hypothesis: An error sometimes made is the confusion of discussion regarding Greece’s Eurozone entry with the controversy regarding usage of derivatives’ deals with U.S. Banks by Greece and other Eurozone countries to artificially reduce their reported budget deficits.


Premise: What document called for Israel to abandon land it obtained during the war?

Hypothesis: His supporters claimed Nasser's move was meant to buy time to prepare for another confrontation with Israel, while his detractors believed his acceptance of the resolution signaled a waning interest in Palestinian independence.


Premise: Where does she place in writing credits  for three number one songs?

Hypothesis: She was one of only three women on that list.


Premise: What did dell sell for $19 in Taiwan?

Hypothesis: A court in southern Taiwan ordered the firm to deliver 18 laptops and 76 flat-panel monitors to 31 consumers for NT$490,000 (US$15,120), less than a third of the normal price.


Premise: Where did the Umayyads conquer?

Hypothesis: The Punjabis followed a diverse plethora of faiths, mainly comprising Hinduism[citation needed] , when the Muslim Umayyad army led by Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh and Southern Punjab in 712, by defeating Raja Dahir.


Premise: How much of the state is controlled by the Bureau of Land Management?

Hypothesis: Of these, the Bureau of Land Management manages 87 million acres (35 million hectares), or 23.8% of the state.


Premise: What was the foremost dynasty of the the Golden Age period?

Hypothesis: This period, witnessing a Hindu religious and intellectual resurgence, is known as the classical or "Golden Age of India".


Premise: The album, Dangerously in Love  achieved what spot on the Billboard Top 100 chart?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé's first solo recording was a feature on Jay Z's "'03 Bonnie & Clyde" that was released in October 2002, peaking at number four on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart.


Premise: Who ruled most of India in the early 18th century?

Hypothesis: The "classic period" ended with the death and defeat of Emperor Aurangzeb in 1707 by the rising Hindu Maratha Empire, although the dynasty continued for another 150 years.


Premise: What group arrangement is usual in family authority?

Hypothesis: Anthropologists maintain that hunter/gatherers don't have permanent leaders; instead, the person taking the initiative at any one time depends on the task being performed.


Premise: What operations are results from not always completely reliable?

Hypothesis: Back-translation must in general be less accurate than back-calculation because linguistic symbols (words) are often ambiguous, whereas mathematical symbols are intentionally unequivocal.


Premise: What setback happened to Sao Paula in 2012?

Hypothesis: She was expected to rejoin the fleet in late 2013, but suffered another major fire in 2012.


Premise: What did Nasser observe from moving around frequently as a youth?

Hypothesis: Nasser spent most of his spare time reading, particularly in 1933 when he lived near the National Library of Egypt.


Premise: What type of school has surpassed comprehensive schools in Ireland?

Hypothesis: Comprehensive schools were introduced into Ireland in 1966 by an initiative by Patrick Hillery, Minister for Education, to give a broader range of education compared to that of the vocational school system, which was then the only system of schools completely controlled by the state.


Premise: In what city was Elizabeth born?

Hypothesis: In 1947, she married Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, with whom she has four children: Charles, Anne, Andrew, and Edward.


Premise: Name three approaches software testers take when testing their software?

Hypothesis: Reviews, walkthroughs, or inspections are referred to as static testing, whereas actually executing programmed code with a given set of test cases is referred to as dynamic testing.


Premise: Which Prince supported the establishment of the college?

Hypothesis: It was also supported by Prince Albert, who persuaded August Wilhelm von Hofmann to be the first professor.


Premise: How did the The Columbia Encyclopedia describe the Yuan dynasty?

Hypothesis: It describes the Yuan dynasty as "A Mongol dynasty of China that ruled from 1271 to 1368, and a division of the great empire conquered by the Mongols.


Premise: Where can you find enzymes with a zinc atom in the reactive center?

Hypothesis: Enzymes with a zinc atom in the reactive center are widespread in biochemistry, such as alcohol dehydrogenase in humans.


Premise: Where is the JCPC located?

Hypothesis: The final adjudication power, as in any other British Colonies, rested with the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) in London, United Kingdom.


Premise: What date was Saint FM radio launched?

Hypothesis: Saint FM provided a local radio service for the island which was also available on internet radio and relayed in Ascension Island.


Premise: Which Prussian linguist called for an anthropology?

Hypothesis: In 1795, the Prussian linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835) called for an anthropology that would synthesize Kant's and Herder's interests.


Premise: What was achieved though the use of the scientific study of anatomy in the field of art?

Hypothesis: The period saw several important technical innovations, like the principle of linear perspective found in the work of Masaccio, and later described by Brunelleschi.


Premise: Turkish and Greek cuisine are descended from Ottoman Cuisine, along with the food of what other regions?

Hypothesis: Many common dishes in the region, descendants of the once-common Ottoman cuisine, include yogurt, döner kebab/gyro/shawarma, cacık/tzatziki, ayran, pita bread, feta cheese, baklava, lahmacun, moussaka, yuvarlak, köfte/keftés/kofta, börek/boureki, rakı/rakia/tsipouro/tsikoudia, meze, dolma, sarma, rice pilaf, Turkish coffee, sujuk, kashk, keşkek, manti, lavash, kanafeh, and more.


Premise: What type of bait do experienced anglers prefer?

Hypothesis: Anglers sometimes find that worms are more effective bait than artificial flies, and worms can be kept for several days in a tin lined with damp moss.


Premise: What precision did the FBI believe they could reach with chemical signatures?

Hypothesis: It analyzed the bullets with the goal of matching them chemically, not only to a single batch of ammunition coming out of a factory, but also to a single box of bullets.


Premise: What did the muzzle flashes of the firearms used by the infantry reveal?

Hypothesis: Adaptations of the standard autocannon, originally intended for air-to-ground use, and heavier artillery systems were commonly used for most anti-aircraft gunnery, starting with standard pieces on new mountings, and evolving to specially designed guns with much higher performance prior to World War II.


Premise: Baptists have issued what without considering them to be creeds?

Hypothesis: Through the years, different Baptist groups have issued confessions of faith—without considering them to be creeds—to express their particular doctrinal distinctions in comparison to other Christians as well as in comparison to other Baptists.


Premise: Along with Barbra Streisand, the Carpenters, Dionne Warwick, Barry Manilow and Olivia Newton-John, what adult contemporary staple found it more difficult to score chart hits in the 1980s?

Hypothesis: However, with the combination of MTV and AC radio, adult contemporary appeared harder to define as a genre, with established soft-rock artists of the past still charting pop hits and receiving airplay alongside mainstream radio fare from newer artists at the time.


Premise: Who had led the army that the Romans had sent to Africa?

Hypothesis: Unable to defeat Hannibal on Italian soil, the Romans boldly sent an army to Africa under Scipio Africanus to threaten the Carthaginian capital.


Premise: Which actor is producing the Freddie Mercury film?

Hypothesis: The film, which is being co-produced by Robert De Niro's TriBeCa Productions, will focus on Queen's formative years and the period leading up to the celebrated performance at the 1985 Live Aid concert.


Premise: How does the US Air Force differ from other branches of the military?

Hypothesis: Air Force officers have never felt they needed the formal social "distance" from their enlisted force that is common in the other U.S. armed services.


Premise: What magazine called Schwarzenegger America's most famous immigrant?

Hypothesis: Immigration law firm Siskind & Susser have stated that Schwarzenegger may have been an illegal immigrant at some point in the late 1960s or early 1970s because of violations in the terms of his visa.


Premise: Besides the Shanghai Stock Exchange, what other exchange suspended trading of southwestern China stock?

Hypothesis: Both the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspended trading of companies based in southwestern China.


Premise: When did the Republic of Liberia declare it's independence?

Hypothesis: The United States did not recognize Liberia's independence until during the American Civil War on February 5, 1862.


Premise: How many kilometers of Greece's railway is electrified?

Hypothesis: Greece's rail network is estimated to be at 2,548 km.


Premise: What the low estimate for the number of people who speak Afrikaans?

Hypothesis: Historical minorities on the verge of extinction remain in parts of France and Germany, and in Indonesia,[n 1] while up to half a million native speakers may reside in the United States, Canada and Australia combined.[n 2]


Premise: In 1939 Hitler said bombing of Britain would begin when?

Hypothesis: He told the OKL in 1939 that ruthless employment of the Luftwaffe against the heart of the British will to resist could and would follow when the moment was right; however, he quickly developed a lively scepticism toward strategic bombing, confirmed by the results of the Blitz.


Premise: What issues to Savin address during this talk?

Hypothesis: Savin Williams (2006) discusses this issue and notes that by basing findings regarding sexual orientation on a single component, researchers may not actually capture the intended population.


Premise: What was the home state of Joseph McCarthy?

Hypothesis: Just two weeks prior to the election, Eisenhower vowed to go to Korea and end the war there.


Premise: What other ethnicities, besides German were part of The Empire?

Hypothesis: The Hanseatic League was not exclusively German in any ethnic sense: many towns who joined the league were outside the Holy Roman Empire and a number of them may only loosely be characterized as German.


Premise: Who implored slaveholders to free their slaves?

Hypothesis: Revolutionary ideals led many men to free their slaves, some by deed and others by will, so that from 1782 to 1810, the percentage of free people of color rose from less than one percent to nearly 10 percent of blacks in the South.


Premise: Besides the general management of the city, Houston's mayor is also responsible for what?

Hypothesis: Houston's mayor serves as the city's chief administrator, executive officer, and official representative, and is responsible for the general management of the city and for seeing that all laws and ordinances are enforced.


Premise: When did the Republic of China control the Dachen Islands until?

Hypothesis: After the People's Republic of China took control of Mainland China in 1949, the Republic of China government based in Taiwan continued to control the Dachen Islands off the coast of Zhejiang until 1955, even establishing a rival Zhejiang provincial government there, creating a situation similar to Fujian province today.


Premise: What major problem is the CAF trying to address currently?

Hypothesis: Then CDS, Walter Natynczyk, said later that year that while recruiting has become more successful, the CF was facing a problem with its rate of loss of existing members, which increased between 2006 and 2008 from 6% to 9.2% annually.


Premise: What portion of students are native Utah residents?

Hypothesis: Approximately 99 percent of the students are members of the LDS Church, and one-third of its US students are from Utah.


Premise: These models ensure that the precision is reduced for the components that are what to human hearing?

Hypothesis: It uses psychoacoustic models to discard or reduce precision of components less audible to human hearing, and then records the remaining information in an efficient manner.


Premise: What resources do developed countries have better access to?

Hypothesis: Developed countries have people with more resources (housing, food, transportation, water and sewage treatment, hospitals, health care, libraries, books, media, schools, the internet, education, etc.)


Premise: Least populates areas of Utrecht

Hypothesis: Utrecht is the centre of a densely populated area, which makes concise definitions of its agglomeration difficult, and somewhat arbitrary.


Premise: Which parts of Tennessee are most threatened by tornadoes?

Hypothesis: Tornadoes are possible throughout the state, with West and Middle Tennessee the most vulnerable.


Premise: What was the weight of the "Max" bomb?

Hypothesis: By December, the SC 2500 (2,500 kg (5,512 lb))


Premise: What categories are U.S. Army training divided into?

Hypothesis: Depending on the needs of the army, Basic Combat Training for combat arms soldiers is conducted at a number of locations, but two of the longest-running are the Armor School and the Infantry School, both at Fort Benning, Georgia.


Premise: Which other state sent Tennessee the most tourists in 2013?

Hypothesis: In 2013 tourism within the state from local citizens accounted for 39.9% of tourists, the second highest originating location for tourists to Tennessee is the state of Georgia, accounting for 8.4% of tourists.:17 Forty-four percent of stays in the state


Premise: What is the common name for shapes and forms of bacteria?

Hypothesis: Among the smallest bacteria are members of the genus Mycoplasma, which measure only 0.3 micrometres, as small as the largest viruses.


Premise: What two provinces were formed from Huguang?

Hypothesis: There were eight regional viceroys in China proper, each usually took charge of two or three provinces.


Premise: Where did Virgil die?

Hypothesis: Augustus ordered Virgil's literary executors, Lucius Varius Rufus and Plotius Tucca, to disregard Virgil's own wish that the poem be burned, instead ordering it published with as few editorial changes as possible.


Premise: What was Roscoe Jackson's nickname?

Hypothesis: Roscoe "Red" Jackson was hanged within a stockade in Galena, Missouri, on May 26, 1937.


Premise: Who owns Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle?

Hypothesis: The palace, like Windsor Castle, is owned by the Crown Estate.


Premise: These types of birds have a tendon locking mechanism.

Hypothesis: Many birds rest on one leg, while some may pull up their legs into their feathers, especially in cold weather.


Premise: Had vinyl technology ceased expanding?

Hypothesis: However, many CDJ and DJ advances, such as DJ software and time-encoded vinyl, now have these capabilities and more.


Premise: What is used to extract zinc during the production process?

Hypothesis: In some respects zinc is chemically similar to magnesium: its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2.


Premise: Who consolidated the Maratha kingdom?

Hypothesis: The Maratha kingdom was founded and consolidated by Chatrapati Shivaji, a Maratha aristocrat of the Bhonsle clan who was determined to establish Hindavi Swarajya.


Premise: During the second half of what century did the Burke and Wills expedition give an indication of immigration flows?

Hypothesis: The nationalities involved in the Eureka revolt and Burke and Wills expedition gave an indication of immigration flows in the second half of the nineteenth century.


Premise: What was the name of Beyonce's daughter?

Hypothesis: On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York under heavy security.


Premise: What wheelchair-bound bearer of the Olympic torch displayed a Tibetan flag?

Hypothesis: During the torch relay, two torchbearers, Andrew Michael who uses a wheelchair and is the Vice President for Sustainable Development for the Bay Area Council and Director of Partnerships For Change, and an environmental advocate, Majora Carter, managed to display Tibetan flags in protest, resulting in their ejection from the relay.


Premise: What allowed Brass instruments to play a wider range of notes?

Hypothesis: A wider array of percussion instruments began to appear.


Premise: In what month was the preview of Spectre released in movie theaters?

Hypothesis: The first teaser trailer for Spectre was released worldwide in March 2015, followed by the theatrical trailer in July and the final trailer in October.


Premise: What did people once believe could not be found further south than Australia?

Hypothesis: Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular, has been credited with popularizing the transfer of the name Terra Australis to Australia.


Premise: When did John Glenn orbit the Earth?

Hypothesis: As the first American in orbit, Glenn became a national hero, and received a ticker-tape parade in New York City, reminiscent of that given for Charles Lindbergh.


Premise: How many methods of judiciary corruption are there?

Hypothesis: There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private.


Premise: What was Victoria's opinion of Albert's appearance?

Hypothesis: He has besides the most pleasing and delightful exterior and appearance you can possibly see."


Premise: The Stamp Act Congress had a meeting in 1765 in which US city?

Hypothesis: The Stamp Act Congress met in New York in October 1765 as the Sons of Liberty organized in the city, skirmishing over the next ten years with British troops stationed there.


Premise: Film stars including Elizabeth Taylor visited what island residence of Tito?

Hypothesis: The Brijuni islands were the site of the State Summer Residence from 1949 on.


Premise: How many years prior to Planck's study had the scientific community first discussed black body radiation?

Hypothesis: In the last years of the nineteenth century, Planck was investigating the problem of black-body radiation first posed by Kirchhoff some forty years earlier.


Premise: In what year did the first communist country open its borders to all foreign visitors?

Hypothesis: On 1 January 1967, Yugoslavia was the first communist country to open its borders to all foreign visitors and abolish visa requirements.


Premise: Which epithet did Apollo have as god of healing and of prophecy?

Hypothesis: As god of music and arts, Apollo had the epithet Musagetes (/mjuːˈsædʒᵻtiːz/


Premise: Who is Achim Steiner?

Hypothesis: In doing so, they are making an increasing contribution to combating climate change, countering energy poverty and energy insecurity".


Premise: How many slaves were at San Miguel de Gualdape at its inception?

Hypothesis: Amongst the settlement were 100 enslaved Africans.


Premise: In what year was Broz born?

Hypothesis: Josip Broz was born on 7 May 1892 in Kumrovec, in the northern Croatian region of Hrvatsko Zagorje in Austria-Hungary.[nb 1]


Premise: Where does Brazil's president live?

Hypothesis: One of the first structures built in the republic's new capital city, the "Alvorada" lies on a peninsula at the margins of Lake Paranoá.


Premise: What is the Scheinergrade system used for?

Hypothesis: The Scheinergrade (Sch.) system was devised by the German astronomer Julius Scheiner (1858–1913) in 1894 originally as a method of comparing the speeds of plates used for astronomical photography.


Premise: What is the driving force for maintaining an equilibrium within an ecosystem?

Hypothesis: Predators may increase the biodiversity of communities by preventing a single species from becoming dominant.


Premise: Identity achievement rarely occurs before what age?

Hypothesis: Research since reveals self-examination beginning early in adolescence, but identity achievement rarely occurring before age 18.


Premise: Who received the most profit from the sale of CDs?

Hypothesis: On average, the store received 35 percent of the retail price, the record company 27 percent, the artist 16 percent, the manufacturer 13 percent, and the distributor 9 percent.


Premise: What use did the odometer cart provide?

Hypothesis: As observed in Han miniature tomb models, but not in literary sources, the crank handle was used to operate the fans of winnowing machines that separated grain from chaff.


Premise: When did Shunzhi's death?

Hypothesis: Two months into Shunzhi's personal rule, Dorgon was not only stripped of his titles, but his corpse was disinterred and mutilated.[b] to atone for multiple "crimes", one of which was persecuting to death


Premise: What tools were seen as evidence of violence among settlements?

Hypothesis: There is a large body of evidence for fortified settlements at Linearbandkeramik sites along the Rhine, as at least some villages were fortified for some time with a palisade and an outer ditch.


Premise: Which nation subsidized indigo crops from the Lowcountry?

Hypothesis: Supported with subsidies from Britain, indigo was a leading export by 1750.


Premise: Beyonce does not create which aspect of her music?

Hypothesis: However, she does not formulate beats herself, but typically comes up with melodies and ideas during production, sharing them with producers.


Premise: What is the most widely known medium for classical music?

Hypothesis: The vocal practices changed a great deal over the classical period, from the single line monophonic Gregorian chant done by monks in the Medieval period to the complex, polyphonic choral works of the Renaissance and subsequent periods, which used multiple independent vocal melodies at the same time.


Premise: What was the median age of Atlantic City?

Hypothesis: The median age was 35 years.


Premise: How many times did Valencia C.F. win the Spanish league?

Hypothesis: Valencia is also internationally famous for its football club, Valencia C.F., which won the Spanish league in 2002 and 2004 (the year it also won the UEFA Cup), for a total of six times, and was a UEFA Champions League runner-up in 2000 and 2001.


Premise: What year was the Dawes act passed?

Hypothesis: A twelfth nation, the Little Shell Chippewa is a "landless" people headquartered in Great Falls, recognized by the state of Montana but not by the U.S. Government.


Premise: The state of Chihuahua is primarily identified with what type of landscape?

Hypothesis: Due to its variant climate, the state has a large variety of fauna and flora.


Premise: Who is Russia's largest regional rival?

Hypothesis: In 1859 the Russians offered to sell the territory to the United States, hoping that its presence in the region would offset the plans of Russia's greatest regional rival, the United Kingdom.


Premise: What was the historical range of the whooping crane?

Hypothesis: The whooping crane population by 1941 was estimated at about only 16 birds still in the wild.


Premise: Where do most in air collisions occur?

Hypothesis: Seabirds fly low over water but gain altitude when crossing land, and the reverse pattern is seen in landbirds.


Premise: What does the Hizb ut-Tahrir aim for?

Hypothesis: Membership in Hizb ut-Tahrir, a militant Islamic party which today aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state, is illegal and members are subject to arrest and imprisonment.


Premise: The Rajpath was constructed similarly to what famous Parisian street?

Hypothesis: The annual Republic Day parade takes place here on 26 January.


Premise: What eats at the plastic and aluminum found in CDs?

Hypothesis: Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc.


Premise: Kalbeliya dance is from which region?

Hypothesis: Folk music is a large part of Rajasthani culture.


Premise: What other famous sculpture has had his art displayed at the Museo Soumaya?

Hypothesis: It is said to have the largest private contemporary art collection in Latin America and hosts pieces from its permanent collection as well as traveling exhibits by leading contemporary artists.


Premise: Which vitamin are the bacteria present in the gut responsible for producing?

Hypothesis: They are essential to digestion and are also affected by food that is consumed.


Premise: What substance used in Napoleon's treatment is it suggested prevented his stomach from expelling arsenic compounds?

Hypothesis: They maintained that the potassium tartrate used in his treatment prevented his stomach from expelling these compounds and that his thirst was a symptom of the poison.


Premise: During what period of domination were many Greeks unable to interact with it's central location ?

Hypothesis: By the early 20th century, over half of the overall Greek-speaking population was settled in Asia Minor (now Turkey), while later that century a huge wave of migration to the United States, Australia, Canada and elsewhere created the modern Greek diaspora.


Premise: What are parapodia?

Hypothesis: Parapodia are unjointed paired extensions of the body wall, and their muscles are derived from the circular muscles of the body.


Premise: When did United States begin to provide foreign aid to Israel?

Hypothesis: Since the 1970s, Israel has received military aid from the United States, as well as economic assistance in the form of loan guarantees, which now account for roughly half of Israel's external debt.


Premise: How many choristers are there at the abbey?

Hypothesis: In addition to the Dean and canons, there are at present two full-time minor canons, one is precentor, and the other is sacrist.


Premise: Where do plants store their water to avoid the conditions?

Hypothesis: Plant leaves may dry out totally and then recover.


Premise: How do the two Catholicosates compare?

Hypothesis: There is, however, a minority of ethnic Armenian Muslims, known as Hamshenis but many Armenians view them as a separate race, while the history of the Jews in Armenia dates back 2,000 years.


Premise: What is the name of the movie set in Old West Tuscon?

Hypothesis: Moving past the Tucson Mountains, travelers find themselves in the area commonly referred to as "west of" Tucson or "Old West Tucson".


Premise: What type of signal do immunoassays produce?

Hypothesis: Immunoassays can use the basic antibody – antigen binding as the basis to produce an electro - magnetic or particle radiation signal, which can be detected by some form of instrumentation.


Premise: Who put out the torch along the route for protection?

Hypothesis: These protests, which ranged from hundreds of people in San Francisco, to effectively none in Pyongyang, forced the path of the torch relay to be changed or shortened on a number of occasions.


Premise: Who thought Dowding was stubborn and didn't like to cooperate?

Hypothesis: Dowding accepted that as AOC, he was responsible for the day and night defence of Britain, and the blame, should he fail, would be laid at his door.


Premise: Nagarjuna said that sentient beings are empty of what?

Hypothesis: For Nagarjuna, it is not merely sentient beings that are empty of ātman; all phenomena (dharmas) are without any svabhava (literally "own-nature" or "self-nature"), and thus without any underlying essence; they are "empty" of being independent; thus the heterodox theories of svabhava circulating at the time were refuted on the basis of the doctrines of early Buddhism.


Premise: Old Church Slavonic manuscripts were based on the local Slavic speech of what?

Hypothesis: Proto-Slavic, sometimes referred to as Common Slavic or Late Proto-Slavic, is defined as the last stage of the language preceding the geographical split of the historical Slavic languages.


Premise: What does the typical definition of a gene categorize genes by?

Hypothesis: This definition categorizes genes by their functional products (proteins or RNA) rather than their specific DNA loci, with regulatory elements classified as gene-associated regions.


Premise: The Cathedral of Spoleto is signed by who?

Hypothesis: The Cathedral of Spoleto is also decorated on the upper façade with a huge mosaic portraying the Blessing Christ (signed by one Solsternus from 1207).


Premise: Will mainstream political parties not cooperate towards outsider parties if they are too extream?

Hypothesis: Cordon Sanitarian, however, have been increasingly abandoned over the past two decades in multi-party democracies as the pressure to construct broad coalitions in order to win elections – along with the increased willingness of outsider parties themselves to participate in government – has led to many such parties entering electoral and government coalitions.


Premise: What concept did the Law of Gravitation deal with?

Hypothesis: In 1687, Isaac Newton published the Principia Mathematica, detailing two comprehensive and successful physical theories: Newton's laws of motion, which led to classical mechanics; and Newton's Law of Gravitation, which describes the fundamental force of gravity.


Premise: How many Copa del Rey trophies has Barcelona won?

Hypothesis: In international club football, Barcelona has won five UEFA Champions League titles, a record four UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, a shared record five UEFA Super Cup, a record three Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and a record three FIFA Club World Cup trophies.


Premise: How many staff members did Imperial claim to have in 2014?

Hypothesis: In rankings produced by Times Higher Education based upon the REF results Imperial was ranked 2nd overall for GPA and 8th for "research power" (compared to 6th and 7th respectively in the equivalent rankings for the RAE 2008).


Premise: What is the name of the stadium in Greece were the torch was taken to?

Hypothesis: After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31.


Premise: Who was an important Uruguayan writer that is commemorated by Parque Rodo?

Hypothesis: Parque Rodó is both a barrio (neighbourhood) of Montevideo and a park which lies mostly outside the limits of the neighbourhood itself and belongs to Punta Carretas.


Premise: What type of religious educaton did Tito attend as a child?

Hypothesis: In his youth Tito attended Catholic Sunday school, and was later an altar boy.


Premise: What era was 250 million to 247 million years ago?

Hypothesis: The Early Triassic was between 250 million to 247 million years ago and was dominated by deserts as Pangaea had not yet broken up, thus the interior was nothing but arid.


Premise: In what season did Everton win its fifth League title?

Hypothesis: Everton also won their second FA Cup in 1933 with a 3–0 win against Manchester City in the final.


Premise: Where was a lot of power placed in result of the crown tribunal?

Hypothesis: In 1578 king Stefan Batory created the Crown Tribunal in order to reduce the enormous pressure on the Royal Court.


Premise: How do antibiotics work?

Hypothesis: Antibiotics work by slowing down the multiplication of bacteria or killing the bacteria.


Premise: How does BYU feel about being rated the #1 stone cold sober school?

Hypothesis: BYU has used this and other honors awarded to the school to advertise itself to prospective students, showing that BYU is proud of the rating.


Premise: The Game Tour of the band Queen included how many shows in Argentina?

Hypothesis: In February 1981, Queen travelled to South America as part of The Game Tour, and became the first major rock band to play in Latin American stadiums.


Premise: What is the maximum speed for buses in Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: Maximum speed limits within the city are 50 km/h (31 mph) for two-wheelers and cars, 35 km/h (22 mph) for auto rickshaws and 40 km/h (25 mph) for light commercial vehicles and buses.


Premise: What novel concept was introduced at the end of the 20th century?

Hypothesis: To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the production of its materials, its impact upon the natural and built environment of its surrounding area and the demands that it makes upon non-sustainable power sources for heating, cooling, water and waste management and lighting.


Premise: What was Whitehead's first published book on mathematics?

Hypothesis: A Treatise on Universal Algebra (1898), Principia Mathematica (co-written with Bertrand Russell and published in three volumes between 1910 and 1913), and An Introduction to Mathematics (1911).


Premise: Who mediated the truce which ended the Iran-Iraq War?

Hypothesis: Subsequently, Khomeini accepted a truce mediated by the UN.


Premise: What group of settlers established a site at Pioneer Square?

Hypothesis: For the next few years, New York Alki and Duwamps competed for dominance, but in time Alki was abandoned and its residents moved across the bay to join the rest of the settlers.


Premise: Where can St. George's Town be found?

Hypothesis: There is a Hamilton Parish in addition to the City of Hamilton (which is in Pembroke Parish).


Premise: Who claimed Saint Helena in 1633?

Hypothesis: The Dutch Republic formally made claim to Saint Helena in 1633, although there is no evidence that they ever occupied, colonised or fortified it.


Premise: What can one high-power LED replace?

Hypothesis: One HP-LED can often replace an incandescent bulb in a flashlight, or be set in an array to form a powerful LED lamp.


Premise: Who did Nasser's group try to assassinate?

Hypothesis: In January 1952, he and Hassan Ibrahim attempted to kill the royalist general Hussein Sirri Amer by firing their submachine guns at his car as he drove through the streets of Cairo.


Premise: Did they need parental consent?

Hypothesis: By law, this is only allowed as part of specialized occupational training and with the students' and parents' permission, but those provisions are widely ignored.


Premise: On what date in 1949 did Chengdu fall to the communists?

Hypothesis: The Second Sino-Japanese War was soon followed by the resumed Chinese Civil War, and the cities of East China fell to the Communists one after another, the Kuomintang government again tried to make Sichuan its stronghold on the mainland, although it already saw some Communist activity since it was one area on the road of the Long March.


Premise: When did Johann Grueber cross Tibet on the way to Nepal?

Hypothesis: In 1661 another Jesuit, Johann Grueber, crossed Tibet from Sining to Lhasa (where he spent a month), before heading on to Nepal.


Premise: Which newspaper published these accusations?

Hypothesis: The Daily Telegraph published an opinion piece by the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom, Fu Ying, who accused Western media of "demonising" China during their coverage of the torch relays.


Premise: What percentage of the city's population is African-American?

Hypothesis: The city's population in 2010 was 44% white (33.3% non-Hispanic white), 25.5% black (23% non-Hispanic black), 0.7% Native American, and 12.7% Asian.


Premise: How many shrines exist in the Potala Palace?

Hypothesis: It is divided between the outer White Palace, which serves as the administrative quarters, and the inner Red Quarters, which houses the assembly hall of the Lamas, chapels, 10,000 shrines, and a vast library of Buddhist scriptures.


Premise: If you live in Australia and want affordable PlayStation 3 games, what range would you shop for?

Hypothesis: Sony have since launched their budget range of PlayStation 3 titles, known as the Greatest Hits range in North America, the Platinum range in Europe and Australia and The Best range in Japan.


Premise: Von Neumann testified at whose hearing about loyalty and help?

Hypothesis: Despite his disagreement with Oppenheimer over the need for a crash program to develop the hydrogen bomb, he testified on the latter's behalf at the 1954 Oppenheimer security hearing, at which he asserted that Oppenheimer was loyal, and praised him for his helpfulness once the program went ahead.


Premise: In what year was the Saxon Palace taken by the Russian governor for use regarding the military?

Hypothesis: In 1817 the Saxon Palace was requisitioned by Warsaw's Russian governor for military use, and the Warsaw Lyceum was reestablished in the Kazimierz Palace (today the rectorate of Warsaw University).


Premise: What is the main mechanism for MI?

Hypothesis: An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present.


Premise: Where in Kathmandu is Narayanhity Palace Museum located?

Hypothesis: The enclosed compound of the Narayanhity Palace Museum is in the north-central part of Kathmandu.


Premise: How does long term memory encode information?

Hypothesis: Another part of long-term memory is episodic memory, "which attempts to capture information such as 'what', 'when' and 'where'".


Premise: When was Arsenal's match the first to be televised live?

Hypothesis: A decade later, on 16 September 1937, an exhibition match between Arsenal's first team and the reserves was the first football match in the world to be televised live.


Premise: Antarctica was a part of what supercontinent?

Hypothesis: Though Gondwana was still intact in the beginning of the Cretaceous, Gondwana itself broke up as South America, Antarctica and Australia rifted away from Africa (though India and Madagascar remained attached to each other); thus, the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans were newly formed.


Premise: What is the new name of Windows Explorer?

Hypothesis: Windows Explorer, which has been renamed File Explorer, now includes a ribbon in place of the command bar.


Premise: Energy may be converted to what?

Hypothesis: Matter may be converted to energy (and vice versa), but mass cannot ever be destroyed; rather, mass/energy equivalence remains a constant for both the matter and the energy, during any process when they are converted into each other.


Premise: What was the maximum amount of money a person could have in their bank account without having it expropriated in 1980?

Hypothesis: The following year, the GPC announced that the government would take control of all import, export and distribution functions, with state supermarkets replacing privately owned businesses; this led to a decline in the availability of consumer goods and the development of a thriving black market.


Premise: What dialect is also known as the central dialect?

Hypothesis: The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands')


Premise: Whose words were an inspiration for Jan Hus?

Hypothesis: Beginning in first decade of the 15th century, Jan Hus—a Roman Catholic priest, Czech reformist and professor—influenced by John Wycliffe's writings, founded the Hussite movement.


Premise: Who were the leading composers of the trecento period?

Hypothesis: Prominent reformer of Orthodox Church music from the first half of 14th century was John Kukuzelis; he also introduced a system of notation widely used in the Balkans in the following centuries.


Premise: What Child of George VI ascended the throne?

Hypothesis: His elder daughter, Elizabeth, succeeded him.


Premise: What region in France is experiencing Dutch language death?

Hypothesis: The Netherlands and Belgium produce the vast majority of music, films, books and other media written or spoken in Dutch.


Premise: What party was Hillquit?

Hypothesis: The anti-war Socialist campaign of Morris Hillquit in the 1917 mayoral election won over 31% of the Bronx's vote, putting him second and well ahead of the 20% won by the incumbent pro-war Fusion Mayor John P. Mitchel, who came in second (ahead of Hillquit) everywhere else and outpolled Hillquit city-wide by 23.2% to 21.7%.


Premise: Who recorded the song "Listen To Your Heart"?

Hypothesis: Adult contemporary has long characterized itself as family-friendly, but edited versions of "Perfect" by P!nk and "Forget You" by Cee Lo Green showed up in the format in 2011.


Premise: What changes to a keystone predator can seriously affect an ecosystem's equilibrium?

Hypothesis: Such predators are known as keystone species and may have a profound influence on the balance of organisms in a particular ecosystem.


Premise: What share of the US digital music player market does iPod hold?

Hypothesis: In January 2007 the iPod market share reached 72.7% according to Bloomberg Online.


Premise: What is the gender make-up of the residence halls at Washington University?

Hypothesis: All of the residential halls are co-ed.


Premise: what is another name for a high-surrogate code point?

Hypothesis: Thus the range of code points that are available for use as characters is U+0000–U+D7FF and U+E000–U+10FFFF (1,112,064 code points).


Premise: What period was Pluto closer to the sun than Neptune?

Hypothesis: When Pluto was discovered it was considered a planet, and Neptune thus became the penultimate known planet, except for a 20-year period between 1979 and 1999 when Pluto's elliptical orbit brought it closer to the Sun than Neptune.


Premise: What sect of Buddhism is the only remaining one based in Sanskrit?

Hypothesis: During this era, following the genocide of Shakyas in Lumbini by Virudhaka, the survivors migrated north and entered the forest monastery in Sankhu masquerading as Koliyas.


Premise: Who played Atticus Finch in the UK theater productions of the film in 2006 and 2011?

Hypothesis: Sergel's play toured in the UK starting at West Yorkshire Playhouse in Leeds in 2006, and again in 2011 starting at the York Theatre Royal, both productions featuring Duncan Preston as Atticus Finch.


Premise: Whites make up how much of Namibia's population?

Hypothesis: The majority of Namibian whites and nearly all those who are mixed race speak Afrikaans and share similar origins, culture, and religion as the white and coloured populations of South Africa.


Premise: Along with anxiety, what is an example of directionless emotion?

Hypothesis: The modern word emotion is heterogeneous In some uses of the word, emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something.


Premise: When did Sammy Sosa explode into pursuit of Roger Maris' home run record?

Hypothesis: Sosa had his first of four multi-home run games that month on June 1, and went on to break Rudy York's record with 20 home runs in the month, a record that still stands.


Premise: When did Hirai think the PS3 might start making the company some money?

Hypothesis: In January 2008, Kaz Hirai, CEO of Sony Computer Entertainment, suggested that the console may start making a profit by early 2009, stating that, "the next fiscal year starts in April and if we can try to achieve that in the next fiscal year that would be a great thing" and that "[profitability] is not a definite commitment, but that is what I would like to try to shoot for".


Premise: What is the broadcast time for Sanskrit news on the DD National channel?

Hypothesis: Since 1974, there has been a short daily news broadcast on state-run All India Radio.


Premise: What date was Saint FM radio closed?

Hypothesis: It was launched in January 2005 and closed on 21 December 2012.


Premise: Who was the name of the Soviet double agent who was the correspondent for The Times in Spain in the late 1930s?

Hypothesis: Philby was admired for his courage in obtaining high-quality reporting from the front lines of the bloody conflict.


Premise: How many people completed the New York Marathon in 2006?

Hypothesis: The city is also considered the host of the Belmont Stakes, the last, longest and oldest of horse racing's Triple Crown races, held just over the city's border at Belmont Park on the first or second Sunday of June.


Premise: Who made the call to sell Alaska?

Hypothesis: In 1859 the Russians offered to sell the territory to the United States, hoping that its presence in the region would offset the plans of Russia's greatest regional rival, the United Kingdom.


Premise: What profession does Andrew Holden smugly self-identify as?

Hypothesis: However, sociologist Andrew Holden states that since the foundation of the movement around 140 years ago, "Witnesses have maintained that we are living on the precipice of the end of time."


Premise: Who described the Lombardi mandolin as wider and shorter than the Neoapolitan mandolin?

Hypothesis: The strings were fastened to the bridge like a guitar's.


Premise: What are some common names in the area?

Hypothesis: Some of the names have become common place among locals such as the Warehouse, Fayetteville Street, and Glenwood South Districts.


Premise: What did many black migrate from florida

Hypothesis: Aside from blacks descended from African slaves brought to the US south, there are also large numbers of blacks of West Indian, recent African, and Afro-Latino immigrant origins, especially in the Miami/South Florida area.


Premise: How long were 5th generation iPods marketed as being able to function before needing to be charged?

Hypothesis: In 2003, class action lawsuits were brought against Apple complaining that the battery charges lasted for shorter lengths of time than stated and that the battery degraded over time.


Premise: The Cathedral of Spoleto is signed by who?

Hypothesis: Sometimes not only church interiors but façades were also decorated with mosaics in Italy like in the case of the St Mark's Basilica in Venice (mainly from the 17th–19th centuries, but the oldest one from 1270–75, "The burial of St Mark in the first basilica"), the Cathedral of Orvieto (golden Gothic mosaics from the 14th century, many times redone) and the Basilica di San Frediano in Lucca (huge, striking golden mosaic representing the Ascension of Christ with the apostles below, designed by Berlinghiero Berlinghieri in the 13th century).


Premise: Which 1986 movie contained a Queen theme song?

Hypothesis: In the United States, "Bohemian Rhapsody" was re-released as a single in 1992 after appearing in the comedy film Wayne's World.


Premise: What type of work are The Mystery of a Hansom Cab, Monkey Grip, and The Slap?

Hypothesis: Melbourne's rich and diverse literary history was recognised in 2008 when it became the second UNESCO City of Literature.


Premise: What is the most economic solution for new grid-connected capacity in areas with good resources?

Hypothesis: Renewable technologies are now often the most economic solution for new generating capacity.


Premise: What had happened to Frank Bruno to spur the publishing of a story about him?

Hypothesis: The adverse reaction, once the paper had hit the streets on the evening of 21 September, led to the headline being changed for the paper's second edition to the more sympathetic "Sad Bruno


Premise: What Grand Lodge had a withdrawal of recognition by the United Grand Lodge of England?

Hypothesis: The result was the withdrawal of recognition of the Grand Orient of France by the United Grand Lodge of England, a situation that continues today.


Premise: In which year was the Western Interprovincial Football Union founded?

Hypothesis: The original forerunners to the current Canadian Football League, was established in 1956 when the IRFU and WIFU formed an umbrella organization, The Canadian Football Council (CFC).


Premise: What competing city was next in line if Lawrence would have been unable to meet the requirements necessary to get KU built in its city?

Hypothesis: The law was conditioned upon a gift from Lawrence of a $15,000 endowment fund and a site for the university, in or near the town, of not less than forty acres (16 ha) of land.


Premise: When was Universal Studios created?

Hypothesis: Universal was founded in 1912 by the German Carl Laemmle (pronounced "LEM-lee"), Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane, and Jules Brulatour.


Premise: Who broadcast the 12th season in Italy?

Hypothesis: In Italy, the twelfth season was broadcast by La3.


Premise: Where is Greyhound terminal located?

Hypothesis: In 2006, the Philadelphia Greyhound Terminal was the second busiest Greyhound terminal in the United States, after the Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York.


Premise: Which privately owned medical facility opened in 2016?

Hypothesis: A private hospital, the Guam Regional Medical City opened its doors in early 2016.


Premise: How many physical trophies have been presented?

Hypothesis: There have been two designs of trophy in use, but five physical trophies have been presented.


Premise: How much of the population must have been in favor of the revision?

Hypothesis: Moreover, in territories or parts of territories whose affiliation with a Land had changed after 8 May 1945 without a referendum, people were allowed to petition for a revision of the current status within a year after the promulgation of the Basic Law (paragraph 2).


Premise: What is John Baker of LSU's profession?

Hypothesis: During the debate over the establishment clause, Rep. Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts took issue with Madison's language regarding whether the government was a national or federal government (in which the states retained their individual sovereignty), which Baker suggests compelled Madison to withdraw his language from the debate.


Premise: Does the Football Association say about the management of the Premier League?

Hypothesis: The Football Association Premier League Ltd (FAPL) is operated as a corporation and is owned by the 20 member clubs.


Premise: What did Lodygin change his name to after moving to the USA?

Hypothesis: Later he lived in the USA, changed his name to Alexander de Lodyguine and applied and obtained patents for incandescent lamps having chromium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium, molybdenum and tungsten filaments, and a bulb using a molybdenum filament was demonstrated at the world fair of 1900 in Paris.


Premise: How could the sounds produced by Western Electric be described?

Hypothesis: Distant or less strong sounds that were impossible to record by the old methods could now be captured.


Premise: What was Cobden an activist against?

Hypothesis: Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France was controversial at the time of its publication, but after his death, it was to become his best known and most influential work, and a manifesto for Conservative thinking.


Premise: What year did they withdraw their bid?

Hypothesis: Bern was a candidate to host the 2010 Winter Olympics, but withdrew its bid in September 2002 after a referendum was passed that showed that the bid was not supported by locals.


Premise: The oldest known method of studying the brain is what?

Hypothesis: In recent years, the development of immunostaining techniques has allowed investigation of neurons that express specific sets of genes.


Premise: What opposition movement was based in Arabia and Basra?

Hypothesis: Because Medina had been home to Muhammad and his family, including Husayn, word of his death and the imprisonment of his family led to a large opposition movement.


Premise: What appearance are calyx of sepals typically?

Hypothesis: The outer series (calyx of sepals) is usually green and leaf-like, and functions to protect the rest of the flower, especially the bud.


Premise: What Kathmandu valley area was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO?

Hypothesis: Kathmandu is home to a number of museums and art galleries, including the National Museum of Nepal and the Natural History Museum of Nepal.


Premise: What kind of Valencan is spoken in Western Catalonia?

Hypothesis: Valencian is classified as a Western dialect, along with the northwestern varieties spoken in Western Catalonia (provinces of Lleida and the western half of Tarragona).


Premise: What AEC scientists counseled delaying the development of the hydrogen bomb?

Hypothesis: The administration had discovered through its own investigations that one of the leading scientists on the AEC, J. Robert Oppenheimer, had urged that the H-bomb work be delayed.


Premise: What does NAA stand for?

Hypothesis: Witnesses there claimed that the MVD used excessive force and that they had instigated the fighting.


Premise: What sources did Early Modern age universities rely on for medical curricula?

Hypothesis: Other scholars within the university were affected by the humanist approaches to learning and their linguistic expertise in relation to ancient texts, as well as the ideology that advocated the ultimate importance of those texts.


Premise: Besides stamps, what did the Soviet Union also create in Avicenna's honor?

Hypothesis: On the grounds is a museum dedicated to his life, times and work.[citation needed]


Premise: In what year can the earliest used of redhead be traced to?

Hypothesis: The term redhead (originally redd hede) has been in use since at least 1510.


Premise: The Synagogue in the Agora of Athens is dated to the period between which two dates?

Hypothesis: The Synagogue in the Agora of Athens is dated to the period between 267 and 396 CE.


Premise: When did the indigenous Estonians try to overthrow their Danish and German rulers?

Hypothesis: On St. George's Night (Estonian: Jüriöö ülestõus) 23 April 1343, the indigenous Estonian population in the Duchy of Estonia, the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek and the insular territories of the State of the Teutonic Order tried to rid themselves of the Danish and German rulers and landlords, who had conquered the country in the 13th century during the Livonian crusade, and to eradicate the non-indigenous Christian religion.


Premise: What three scanning rates do 50 Hz systems support?

Hypothesis: 60 Hz high definition television supports both fractional and slightly different integer rates, therefore strict usage of notation is required to avoid ambiguity.


Premise: Which credientials did Liebig lack despite being a leading organic chemist?

Hypothesis: During the 19th century, Jean-Baptiste Dumas and Justus von Liebig quarrelled over their shared belief that animals get their protein directly from plants (animal and plant protein are the same and that humans do not create organic compounds).


Premise: Are public displays allowed for the celebration of religion in Myanmar ?

Hypothesis: The Christian and Muslim populations do, however, face religious persecution and it is hard, if not impossible, for non-Buddhists to join the army or get government jobs, the main route to success in the country.


Premise: Absolute pressure  being equal to current atmospheric pressure means what?

Hypothesis: Vacuum is often also measured on the barometric scale or as a percentage of atmospheric pressure in bars or atmospheres.


Premise: What well known boxer was criticized for question someone's blackness?

Hypothesis: This nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander.


Premise: What is one subject that Ibn SIna specialized in?

Hypothesis: Of linguistic significance even to this day are a few books that he wrote in nearly pure Persian language (particularly the Danishnamah-yi 'Ala', Philosophy for Ala' ad-Dawla').


Premise: What country does Akiko Komoto come from?

Hypothesis: There is very little voice acting in the game, as is the case in most Zelda titles to date.


Premise: When were chronometers available for accurate location charting?

Hypothesis: ('The Great Coconut Plantation'); however, the latitude and longitude was uncertain.


Premise: What did Peck's widow call Lee?

Hypothesis: In May 2005, Lee made an uncharacteristic appearance at the Los Angeles Public Library at the request of Peck's widow Veronique, who said of Lee: "She's like a national treasure.


Premise: When were newly minted coins presented to ensure they met standards?

Hypothesis: It dates to the late 11th century and was used as a monastic and royal treasury.


Premise: How is the Greek word parousia translated when referring to Christ?

Hypothesis: They base this belief on a rendering of the Greek word parousia—usually translated as "coming" when referring to Christ—as "presence".


Premise: How did Melbourne grow as major port for exporting the agricultural products?

Hypothesis: Further major public buildings were begun in the 1860s and 1870s such as the Supreme Court, Government House, and the Queen Victoria Market.


Premise: Who used only parts of Avicenna's works to support their own great spiritual insights?

Hypothesis: Later interpretations of Avicenna's philosophy split into three different schools; those (such as al-Tusi) who continued to apply his philosophy as a system to interpret later political events and scientific advances; those (such as al-Razi) who considered Avicenna's theological works in isolation from his wider philosophical concerns; and those (such as al-Ghazali) who selectively used parts of his philosophy to support their own attempts to gain greater spiritual insights through a variety of mystical means.


Premise: What did the Constitution of Massachusetts express no one would be restrained from doing?

Hypothesis: Jefferson's Statute of Religious Freedom was drafted in opposition to a bill, chiefly supported by Patrick Henry, which would permit any Virginian to belong to any denomination, but which would require him to belong to some denomination and pay taxes to support it.


Premise: When did N Force leave Norfolk Island during the time of World War II?

Hypothesis: The island proved too remote to come under attack during the war and N Force left the island in February 1944.


Premise: How many varieties of seedless grapes are there?

Hypothesis: There are currently more than a dozen varieties of seedless grapes.


Premise: Between 2000 and 2005 what percentage did Swazi sugar exports increase by?

Hypothesis: Textile exports grew by over 200% between 2000 and 2005 and sugar exports increasing by more than 50% over the same period.


Premise: What is Sauerkraut typically served with in Alsace?

Hypothesis: The word Sauerkraut in Alsatian has the form sûrkrût, same as in other southwestern German dialects, and means "sour cabbage" as its Standard German equivalent.


Premise: What label declined to work with Kanye after many meetings?

Hypothesis: After a series of meetings with Capitol Records, West was ultimately denied an artist deal.


Premise: De L'Annapurna is an example of what sort of hotel?

Hypothesis: Hotels like Hyatt Regency, De L'Annapurna and Hotel Yak & Yeti are among the five-star hotels providing casinos as well.


Premise: What magazine did Bell found alongside Hubbard?

Hypothesis: In 1898, Bell was elected as the second president of the National Geographic Society, serving until 1903, and was primarily responsible for the extensive use of illustrations, including photography, in the magazine.


Premise: What does the trochophore become when annelids mature?

Hypothesis: Later they sink to the sea-floor and metamorphose into miniature adults: the part of the trochophore between the apical tuft and the prototroch becomes the prostomium (head); a small area round the trochophore's anus becomes the pygidium (tail-piece); a narrow band immediately in front of that becomes the growth zone that produces new segments; and the rest of the trochophore becomes the peristomium (the segment that contains the mouth).


Premise: What year was the Alaska Railroad built?

Hypothesis: In recent years, the ever-improving paved highway system began to eclipse the railroad's importance in Alaska's economy.


Premise: What third language was common among Russian nobles by 1800?

Hypothesis: War and Peace, contain entire paragraphs and even pages in French with no translation given, with an assumption that educated readers would not need one.


Premise: What type of weapon is the Polybolos?

Hypothesis: Demetrius Poliorcetes was notorious for the large siege engines employed in his campaigns, especially during the 12-month siege of Rhodes when he had Epimachos of Athens build a massive 160 ton siege tower named Helepolis, filled with artillery.


Premise: Who did John attempt to convince?

Hypothesis: As the situation became worse for John, he appears to have decided to have Arthur killed, with the aim of removing his potential rival and of undermining the rebel movement in Brittany.


Premise: What was Ignac Fulop Semmelweis' profession?

Hypothesis: However, Semmelweis' findings were not appreciated by his contemporaries and came into use only with discoveries by British surgeon Joseph Lister, who in 1865 proved the principles of antisepsis.


Premise: What type of Buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth?

Hypothesis: Theravadin Buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth.


Premise: When were turkeys first used in a domestication setting?

Hypothesis: The modern domesticated turkey is descended from one of six subspecies of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) found in the present Mexican states of Jalisco, Guerrero and Veracruz. Pre-Aztec tribes in south-central Mexico first domesticated the bird around 800 BC, and Pueblo Indians inhabiting the Colorado Plateau in the United States did likewise around 200 BC.


Premise: What is referred to as "junk DNA"?

Hypothesis: Simple single-celled eukaryotes have relatively small amounts of such DNA, whereas the genomes of complex multicellular organisms, including humans, contain an absolute majority of DNA without an identified function.


Premise: When did League regulations make Arsenal reduce the seating in Highbury?

Hypothesis: This capacity had to be reduced further during Champions League matches to accommodate additional advertising boards, so much so that for two seasons, from 1998 to 2000, Arsenal played Champions League home matches at Wembley, which could house more than 70,000 spectators.


Premise: What type of businesses did Nickles want to attract to Seattle?

Hypothesis: While some see the new development as an economic boon, others have criticized Nickels and the Seattle City Council for pandering to Allen's interests at taxpayers' expense.


Premise: Where did Queen play in 2003 with a famous opera singer?

Hypothesis: They again attended and performed at Pavarotti's benefit concert in Modena, Italy in May 2003.


Premise: In what year did Jerome Green send his first wireless message?

Hypothesis: Around 1899, Professor Jerome Green became the first American to send a wireless message.


Premise: Which competition did Schwarzenegger go AWOL to participate in?

Hypothesis: He went AWOL during basic training so he could take part in the competition and spent a week in military prison:


Premise: What was the name of Pugin's book?

Hypothesis: Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only "true Christian form of architecture."


Premise: What is A'ana's paramount title?

Hypothesis: The paramount title of A'ana is the TuiA'ana.


Premise: For what reason did CBC attribute to delayed upgrades?

Hypothesis: Additionally, the CBC stated in the release that it was asking the CRTC for permission to continue broadcasting in analogue until the identified transmitters for transition were up and running.


Premise: What was the magnitude of the southern Sichuan quake?

Hypothesis: (The Ms 6.1 earthquake on August 30, 2008 in southern Sichuan was not part of this series because it was caused by a different fault.


Premise: What question were Greek philosophers trying to answer?

Hypothesis: The pre-Socratic philosopher Thales (640-546 BC), dubbed the "father of science", was the first to postulate non-supernatural explanations for natural phenomena, for example, that land floats on water and that earthquakes are caused by the agitation of the water upon which the land floats, rather than the god Poseidon.


Premise: When may immunity be acquired?

Hypothesis: There is also the phenomenon of herd immunity which offers a measure of protection to those otherwise vulnerable people when a large enough proportion of the population has acquired immunity from certain infections.


Premise: In what century was Bhrikuti said to live?

Hypothesis: Since the 1960s, the permanent Tibetan Buddhist population of Kathmandu has risen significantly so that there are now over fifty Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in the area.


Premise: When was Queen's London production scheduled to end in 2006?

Hypothesis: The original London production was scheduled to close on Saturday, 7 October 2006, at the Dominion Theatre, but due to public demand, the show ran until May 2014.


Premise: How many more seats did LAbour get in 1987?

Hypothesis: Labour improved its performance in 1987, gaining 20 seats and so reducing the Conservative majority from 143 to 102.


Premise: When was the doctrine of Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins put into effect?

Hypothesis: Under the doctrine of Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins (1938), there is no general federal common law.


Premise: What was Kerry's father's religion?

Hypothesis: His father was raised Catholic (John's paternal grandparents were Austro-Hungarian Jewish immigrants who converted to Catholicism) and his mother was Episcopalian.


Premise: What year did General Sheridan approach Congress about killing bison?

Hypothesis: In 1875, General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to authorize the slaughtering of herds in order to deprive the Indians of their source of food.


Premise: What seeks to limit the use of polysyllabic characters?

Hypothesis: However, for the sake of consistency and standardization, the CPC seeks to limit the use of such polysyllabic characters in public writing to ensure that every character only has one syllable.


Premise: How is H2 used in electrical generators at power stations?

Hypothesis: H2 is used as the rotor coolant in electrical generators at power stations, because it has the highest thermal conductivity of any gas.


Premise: What type of events saved the twins of Roman myth?

Hypothesis: The most common version of the twins' story displays several aspects of hero myth.


Premise: Which of Gliezes pieces was featured at Salon de la Section d'Or?

Hypothesis: Léger’s The Wedding, also shown at the Salon des Indépendants in 1912, gave form to the notion of simultaneity by presenting different motifs as occurring within a single temporal frame, where responses to the past and present interpenetrate with collective force.


Premise: What happened in the early 21 st century

Hypothesis: In the early 21st century the whole area is being redeveloped.


Premise: When can Exclusive Jurisdiction be waived?

Hypothesis: Exclusive Jurisdiction is a concept whereby only one Grand Lodge will be recognised in any geographical area.


Premise: Of all of Estonian's language reformers who is the most well known?

Hypothesis: The most famous reformer of Estonian, Johannes Aavik (1880–1973), used creations ex nihilo


Premise: Who is the economist who described a "paradox of deleveraging"?

Hypothesis: Too many consumers attempting to save (or pay down debt) simultaneously is called the paradox of thrift and can cause or deepen a recession.


Premise: How is wisdom defined?

Hypothesis: Wisdom, or the capacity for insight and judgment that is developed through experience, increases between the ages of fourteen and twenty-five, then levels off.


Premise: Where is an insects dry pellet discarded through?

Hypothesis: The number of Malpighian tubules possessed by a given insect varies between species, ranging from only two tubules in some insects to over 100 tubules in others.:71–72, 78–80


Premise: How are the two ratios found?

Hypothesis: The noise-based speed is defined as the exposure that will lead to a given signal-to-noise ratio on individual pixels.


Premise: Has a woman ever broadcast a match?

Hypothesis: As a result of Setanta going out of business ITV showed the competition exclusively in the 2009–10 season with between three and four matches per round, all quarter finals, semi-finals and final live as the FA could not find a pay TV broadcaster in time.


Premise: What was the purpose of launching the BeiDou-1C satellite?

Hypothesis: The successful launch of BeiDou-1C also meant the establishment of the BeiDou-1 navigation system.


Premise: Who set up an astronomical observatory on Saint Helena?

Hypothesis: On leaving the University of Oxford, in 1676, Edmond Halley visited Saint Helena and set up an astronomical observatory with a 7.3-metre-long (24 ft) aerial telescope with the intention of studying stars from the Southern Hemisphere.


Premise: Which country took over Iran's territories in the Caucasus in the 19th Century?

Hypothesis: Starting in 1736 under Nader Shah, Iran reached its greatest territorial extent since the Sassanid Empire, briefly possessing what was arguably the most powerful empire at the time.


Premise: Attic Greek developed into what lingua franca?

Hypothesis: The language of Philip II's and Alexander's court and army (which was made up of various Greek and non-Greek speaking peoples) was a version of Attic Greek, and over time this language developed into Koine, the lingua franca of the successor states.


Premise: What official organization was responsible for Samoa during most of the 20th century?

Hypothesis: Between 1919 and 1962, Samoa was administered by the Department of External Affairs, a government department which had been specially created to oversee New Zealand's Island Territories and Samoa.


Premise: What is another term for Great Power?

Hypothesis: The term "great power" was first used to represent the most important powers in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era.


Premise: What is injected in small amounts into the soft tissue between vertebrae to produce local pain?

Hypothesis: Local anesthetic injections into the nerves or sensitive areas of the stump may relieve pain for days, weeks, or sometimes permanently, despite the drug wearing off in a matter of hours; and small injections of hypertonic saline into the soft tissue between vertebrae produces local pain that radiates into the phantom limb for ten minutes or so and may be followed by hours, weeks or even longer of partial or total relief from phantom pain.


Premise: Who was relieved from his duties as Commander in Korea?

Hypothesis: A popular criticism of MacArthur was that he never spent a night in Korea, and directed the war from the safety of Tokyo.


Premise: Who became leader of the Khurasan Hashimiyya in approximately 746?

Hypothesis: In January 750 the two forces met in the Battle of the Zab, and the Umayyads were defeated.


Premise: What treaty was signed?

Hypothesis: During this battle, on September 13, the 4th Division, under John A. Quitman, spearheaded the attack against Chapultepec and carried the castle.


Premise: What is the paper's stance on the EU?

Hypothesis: As the paper is opposed to the EU it has referred to foreign leaders who it deemed hostile to the UK in unflattering terms.


Premise: The tribunal denied responsibility for what concerning Harry's recording in the Forsyth case?

Hypothesis: It is not part of this tribunal's function to determine whether or not it was legitimate."


Premise: What happened when antibiotics was over used in livestock?

Hypothesis: Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance.


Premise: What organization was the Royal Institute instrumental in establishing?

Hypothesis: In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the RIBA and its members had a leading part in the promotion of architectural education in the United Kingdom, including the establishment of the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom (ARCUK) and the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Registration) Acts, 1931 to 1938.


Premise: Which German scholar argued that human creativity takes diverse forms and is as important as human rationality?

Hypothesis: Moreover, Herder proposed a collective form of bildung: "For Herder, Bildung was the totality of experiences that provide a coherent identity, and sense of common destiny, to a people."


Premise: When did Julius Caesar return to Rome?

Hypothesis: Thus, when Julius Caesar returned from a governorship in Spain in 61 BC, he found it easy to make an arrangement with Pompey.


Premise: The officials in Mexico reduced the price of what food from six cents to two cents per pound?

Hypothesis: The officials in Mexico City reduced the price of corn from six cents to two cents a pound.


Premise: What term was coined when Greece left the eurozone?

Hypothesis: This has led to public discussions if Greece, Portugal, and even Italy would be better off leaving the eurozone to regain economical and financial stability if they would not implement reforms to strengthen their competitiveness as part of the eurozone in time.


Premise: Who was the Chinese ambassador to the U.K.?

Hypothesis: The Telegraph also asked its readers to send their views in response to the question "Is the West demonising China?"


Premise: What other types of pollution have contaminated the Hudson River watershed?

Hypothesis: Other sources of pollution, including mercury contamination and sewage dumping, have also contributed to problems in the Hudson River watershed.


Premise: What is the national average of high school diploma holding citizens?

Hypothesis: Of the city's population over the age of 25, 53.8% (vs. a national average of 27.4%) hold a bachelor's degree or higher, and 91.9% (vs. 84.5% nationally) have a high school diploma or equivalent.


Premise: The  United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground is located where?

Hypothesis: Von Braun and his team were sent to the United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground, located in New Mexico, in 1945.


Premise: What geological subdivision is located in the north?

Hypothesis: The Alpine orogeny occurred in ongoing cycles through to the Paleogene causing differences in nappe structures, with a late-stage orogeny causing the development of the Jura Mountains.


Premise: Which school was used as the engineering and sciences school until 1956?

Hypothesis: Other examples of the Gothic (also called neo-Gothic and collegiate Gothic) style are on Old Campus by such architects as Henry Austin, Charles C. Haight and Russell Sturgis.


Premise: Where was the only African destination for the torch?

Hypothesis: The relay began at the grand terminal of the TAZARA Railway, which was China's largest foreign aid project of the 1970s, and continued for 5 km through the old city to the Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium in Temeke, which was built with Chinese aid in 2005.


Premise: How many sailors died from scurvy between the years 1500 and 1800?

Hypothesis: Between 1500 and 1800, an estimated two million sailors had died of scurvy.


Premise: Which male body parts enlarge and develop at the same time as the penis?

Hypothesis: At the time that the penis develops, the seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral gland also enlarge and develop.


Premise: When was the Treaty of Kyakhta written?

Hypothesis: A team made up entirely of Manchus drew up the Treaty of Kyakhta (1727) to solidify the diplomatic understanding with Russia.


Premise: How much of the population did Prussia control?

Hypothesis: The Confederation was dissolved after the Austro-Prussian War and replaced by a North German Federation under Prussian hegemony; this war left Prussia dominant in Germany, and German nationalism would compel the remaining independent states to ally with Prussia in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, and then to accede to the crowning of King Wilhelm of Prussia as German Emperor.


Premise: Which of Burke's writings was inspired by Price's sermon?

Hypothesis: On 1 November he finally published the Reflections and it was an immediate best-seller.


Premise: What motorway crosses the River Test to the North?

Hypothesis: There are bridges over the Test from Southampton, including the road and rail bridges at Redbridge in the south and the M27 motorway to the north.


Premise: The 75% rule states how much of a population must lie outside the range of other populations for a defining set of characters?

Hypothesis: This effectively means that populations of organisms must have reached a certain measurable level of difference to be recognised as subspecies.


Premise: What does 'TAMARI OSTIA' mean?

Hypothesis: Upper Palaeolithic deposits, including bones of Homo sapiens, have been found in local caves, and artefacts dating from the Bronze Age to the Middle Iron Age have been found at Mount Batten showing that it was one of the main trading ports of the country at that time.


Premise: What rely on presenting scenes directly to the eye for their own visibe sake?

Hypothesis: While each scene has its own character and completeness it must fit into the general sequence to which it belongs.


Premise: Who was allied with Egypt during the Yom Kippur War?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi become openly hostile to Egypt's leader, calling for Sadat's overthrow, and when Sudanese President Gaafar Nimeiry took Sadat's side, Gaddafi by 1975 sponsored the Sudan People's Liberation Army to overthrow Nimeiry.


Premise: John's royal household was based around what?

Hypothesis: John's royal household was based around several groups of followers.


Premise: What company operates Southampton's local train service?

Hypothesis: Local train services operate in the central, southern and eastern sections of the city and are operated by South West Trains, with stations at Swaythling, St Denys, Millbrook, Redbridge, Bitterne, Sholing and Woolston.


Premise: How big was Li Zicheng's army?

Hypothesis: Li Zicheng then led a coalition of rebel forces numbering 200,000[a] to confront Wu Sangui, the general commanding the Ming garrison at Shanhai Pass.


Premise: What's the Dutch word for "green"?

Hypothesis: In Dutch, the diminutive is not merely restricted to nouns and exist in numerals (met z'n tweetjes, "the two of us"), pronouns (onderonsje, "tête-à-tête"), verbal particles (moetje, "shotgun marriage"), and even prepositions (toetje, "dessert").


Premise: What type of radio stations abound in Seattle?

Hypothesis: Many Seattle radio stations are also available through Internet radio, with KEXP in particular being a pioneer of Internet radio.


Premise: What major war stimulated the New Haven economy by way of industrial goods purchased through the New Haven Arms Company?

Hypothesis: (Winchester would continue to produce arms in New Haven until 2006, and many of the buildings that were a part of the Winchester plant are now a part of the Winchester Repeating Arms Company Historic District.)


Premise: What 3 types go after protein synthesis?

Hypothesis: Those that target protein synthesis (macrolides, lincosamides and tetracyclines) are usually bacteriostatic (with the exception of bactericidal aminoglycosides).


Premise: What necessary technical development had yet to occur to make electric motors useful?

Hypothesis: No electricity distribution had been developed at the time.


Premise: How long does a typical incandescent light bulb last?

Hypothesis: Incandescent bulbs are much less efficient than most other types of electric lighting; incandescent bulbs convert less than 5% of the energy they use into visible light, with standard light bulbs averaging about 2.2%.


Premise: Where was Myoscolex found?

Hypothesis: Myoscolex, found in Australia and a little older than the Burgess Shale, was possibly an annelid.


Premise: What country did the cotton come from that was picked by children?

Hypothesis: In December 2009, campaigners in the UK called on two leading high street retailers to stop selling clothes made with cotton which may have been picked by children.


Premise: Who is the founder of Hasidic Judaism?

Hypothesis: Kabbalah, Jewish mysticism, paints a pantheistic/panentheistic view of God—which has wide acceptance in Hasidic Judaism, particularly from their founder The Baal Shem Tov


Premise: Why did the attack by the Rus go so well on the coast at the start?

Hypothesis: The attack was well-timed, perhaps due to intelligence, as the Byzantine fleet was occupied with the Arabs in the Mediterranean, and the bulk of its army was stationed in the east.


Premise: What is the winning percentage the Cubs posted that still stands today?

Hypothesis: In 1906, the franchise recorded a Major League record 116 wins (tied by the 2001 Seattle Mariners) and posted a modern-era record winning percentage of .763, which still stands today.


Premise: How many 400+ foot skyscrapers have been built or are in the process of being built in Miami since 2001?

Hypothesis: The city currently has the eight tallest (as well as thirteen of the fourteen tallest) skyscrapers in the state of Florida, with the tallest being the 789-foot (240 m)


Premise: What substance does fluorescent lamps contain?

Hypothesis: Regarding the toxicity of LEDs when treated as waste, a study published in 2011 stated: "According to federal standards, LEDs are not hazardous except for low-intensity red LEDs, which leached Pb [lead] at levels exceeding regulatory limits (186 mg/L; regulatory limit: 5).


Premise: What teaching was criticized by Nagarjuna?

Hypothesis: The Mahayana sutras are a very broad genre of Buddhist scriptures that the Mahayana Buddhist tradition holds are original teachings of the Buddha.


Premise: What class did a majority of appointed ministers come from during the Han dynasty?

Hypothesis: He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class.


Premise: Which two of Feynman's colleagues helped put the lectures into book format?

Hypothesis: The Feynman Lectures on Physics is perhaps his most accessible work for anyone with an interest in physics, compiled from lectures to Caltech undergraduates in 1961–64.


Premise: Which syllable does the German pronunciation of Hanover stress?

Hypothesis: The English pronunciation /ˈhænəvər/, with stress on the first syllable and a reduced second syllable, is applied to both the German and English spellings, which is different from German pronunciation [haˈnoːfɐ], with stress on the second syllable and a long second vowel.


Premise: Where is the teaching of Catalan mandatory?

Hypothesis: Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been institutionalizated as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media; all of which have contributed to its increased prestige.


Premise: What was the result of the Hungarian nobility's refusal to accept Sigismund claim as Louis' heir?

Hypothesis: Inheriting the throne of Bohemia and the Holy Roman Empire, Sigismund continued conducting his politics from Hungary, but he was kept busy fighting the Hussites and the Ottoman Empire, which was becoming a menace to Europe in the beginning of the 15th century.


Premise: In such competitions what are the chickens juged on? What attibutes are considered viable?

Hypothesis: In many countries, national and regional poultry shows are held where enthusiasts exhibit their birds which are judged on certain phenotypical breed traits as specified by their respective breed standards.


Premise: What percentage of Estonians died after deporation?

Hypothesis: Half the deported perished, and the other half were not allowed to return until the early 1960s (years after Stalin's death).[citation needed]


Premise: What two instruments were invented during The European Renaissance?

Hypothesis: The term "modern" was coined in the 16th century to indicate present or recent times (ultimately derived from the Latin adverb modo, meaning "just now).


Premise: Who conquered Switzerland in 1798?

Hypothesis: In 1798, the revolutionary French government conquered Switzerland and imposed a new unified constitution.


Premise: What is the system called that can store solar energy in the form of heat?

Hypothesis: Thermal mass systems can store solar energy in the form of heat at domestically useful temperatures for daily or interseasonal durations.


Premise: What cause the glaciers to descend to permafrost levels in some areas?

Hypothesis: Forty percent of the glaciation in Austria has disappeared since 1850, and 30% of that in Switzerland.


Premise: What percentage of BYU students are members of the LDS Church?

Hypothesis: Approximately 99 percent of the students are members of the LDS Church, and one-third of its US students are from Utah.


Premise: What date did the cargo flight leave?

Hypothesis: Approval from mainland Chinese authorities was sought, and the chartered flight departed Taipei at 17:00 CST, May 15 and arrived in Chengdu by 20:30 CST.


Premise: What was the style of William Pitt's warfare?

Hypothesis: Despite the debatable strategic success and the operational failure of the descent on Rochefort, William Pitt—who saw purpose in this type of asymmetric enterprise—prepared to continue such operations.


Premise: what do high winds in the area sometimes cause?

Hypothesis: The 100th meridian roughly corresponds with the line that divides the Great Plains into an area that receive 20 inches (510 millimetres) or more of rainfall per year and an area that receives less than 20 in (510 mm).


Premise: What institution helped cultivate Nasser's positive public image?

Hypothesis: Historian Elie Podeh wrote that a constant theme of Nasser's image was "his ability to represent Egyptian authenticity, in triumph or defeat".


Premise: What caused the loss of biodiversity?

Hypothesis: Formerly huge gene pools of various wild and indigenous breeds have collapsed causing widespread genetic erosion and genetic pollution.


Premise: What major secession movement has Nigeria had?

Hypothesis: Kin-selective altruism has made its way into Nigerian politics, resulting in tribalist efforts to concentrate Federal power to a particular region of their interests.


Premise: How much money is involved in bribery in the world each year?

Hypothesis: Worldwide, bribery alone is estimated to involve over 1 trillion US dollars annually.


Premise: When did the British version of cultural studies emerge?

Hypothesis: The British version of cultural studies had originated in the 1950s and 1960s, mainly under the influence first of Richard Hoggart, E. P. Thompson, and Raymond Williams, and later that of Stuart Hall and others at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham.


Premise: What did the Muslim invaders staunchly keep after invading?

Hypothesis: What does however, make the Muslim intrusions and later Muslim invasions different is that unlike the preceding invaders who assimilated into the prevalent social system, the successful Muslim conquerors retained their Islamic identity and created new legal and administrative systems that challenged and usually in many cases superseded the existing systems of social conduct and ethics, even influencing the non-Muslim rivals and common masses to a large extent, though non-Muslim population was left to their own laws and customs.


Premise: How many years did the Late Jurassic cover?

Hypothesis: Ichthyosaurs went extinct whereas sauropods, as a whole, did not die out in the Jurassic; in fact, some species, like the Titanosaurus, lived up to the K-T extinction.


Premise: How many troops did Canada send initially?

Hypothesis: The initial force consisted of roughly 3,300 British, 2,000 Canadian, 1,400 from the Netherlands and 240 from Australia, along with special forces from Denmark and Estonia and small contingents from other nations.


Premise: What was the first feature film to receive funding  from Eurimages?

Hypothesis: To date, four feature-length films in which a Cypriot was executive producer have received funding from Eurimages.


Premise: It was found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common with what other people?

Hypothesis: This suggested that the male ancestors of the Ashkenazi Jews could be traced mostly to the Middle East.


Premise: What period in Europe was full of an appreciation for earlier cultures ?

Hypothesis: Following the Renaissance in Europe, the humanist aesthetic and the high technical standards of Greek art inspired generations of European artists.


Premise: Where were the actual origin of the Space Race?

Hypothesis: Starting in the early 1930s, during the last stages of the Weimar Republic, German aerospace engineers experimented with liquid-fueled rockets, with the goal that one day they would be capable of reaching high altitudes and traversing long distances.


Premise: What type of songs do armenian youth prefer?

Hypothesis: These songs encourage Armenian patriotism and are generally about Armenian history and national heroes.


Premise: In what publication can examples of ex nihilo words be found?

Hypothesis: ‘free constructions’, Tauli 1977), along with other sources of lexical enrichment such as derivations, compositions and loanwords (often from Finnish; cf.


Premise: What large animals reside in the national park?

Hypothesis: In the north, the Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park is well-populated with wildlife, including leopards, lions, cheetahs and rhinos, and the Bamingui-Bangoran National Park is located in the northeast of CAR.


Premise: What type of mosaics were present in the church discovered in 1990?

Hypothesis: It is known that the walls were also covered with golden glass mosaics but only the floor panels survived as usual.


Premise: What year did Thomas R. Steels propose the single body union branch?

Hypothesis: In 1899, a Doncaster member of the Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants, Thomas R. Steels, proposed in his union branch that the Trade Union Congress call a special conference to bring together all left-wing organisations and form them into a single body that would sponsor Parliamentary candidates.


Premise: At what point was the entire Roman world joined together under Roman control?

Hypothesis: It was not until the time of the Roman Empire that the entire Roman world was organized into provinces under explicit Roman control.


Premise: What years did Germany hold possession over Lorrain-Alscace?

Hypothesis: Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871–1918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years.


Premise: What is Australia's busiest seaport for containerised and general cargo?

Hypothesis: Melbourne is also home to Australia's most extensive freeway network and has the world's largest urban tram network.


Premise: How did the Republic of Turkey align themselves?

Hypothesis: Paradoxically it now aligned itself with the west rather than with the east.


Premise: What measurable value obeys a similar rule of angular momentum?

Hypothesis: There are a number of other such pairs of physically measurable values which obey a similar rule.


Premise: How many times was Pedro Albizu Campos convicted of attacks on US officials?

Hypothesis: The FBI operation was covert and did not become known until U.S. Congressman Luis Gutierrez had it made public via the Freedom of Information Act in the 1980s.


Premise: Are there any edifice points of interest that may be of note to visitors of Burma?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, much of the country is off-limits to tourists, and interactions between foreigners and the people of Myanmar, particularly in the border regions, are subject to police scrutiny.


Premise: How many films did Universal's German subsidiary make yearly?

Hypothesis: In the U.S., Universal Pictures did not distribute any of this subsidiary's films, but at least some of them were exhibited through other, independent, foreign-language film distributors based in New York, without benefit of English subtitles.


Premise: What states that there is no general federal common law?

Hypothesis: Only in a few narrow limited areas, like maritime law, has the Constitution expressly authorized the continuation of English common law at the federal level (meaning that in those areas federal courts can continue to make law as they see fit, subject to the limitations of stare decisis).


Premise: Who was the executive head of the Zionist Organization?

Hypothesis: That day, David Ben-Gurion, the executive head of the Zionist Organization and president of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, declared "the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel," which would start to function from the termination of the mandate.


Premise: What was Cobden an activist against?

Hypothesis: The Radical MP and anti-Corn Law activist Richard Cobden often praised Burke's Thoughts and Details on Scarcity.


Premise: In what century was the first dialectal Russian dictionary published?

Hypothesis: In the 19th, Vladimir Dal compiled the first dictionary that included dialectal vocabulary.


Premise: When were two missionaries killed?

Hypothesis: From 1889, when Guangxu began to rule in his own right, to 1898, the Empress Dowager lived in semi-retirement, spending the majority of the year at the Summer Palace.


Premise: What is the largest ethnic group in liberia?

Hypothesis: The Kpelle comprise more than 20% of the population and are the largest ethnic group in Liberia, residing mostly in Bong County and adjacent areas in central Liberia.


Premise: How did critics characterize Kennedy in comparison to Eisenhower?

Hypothesis: Despite his unprecedented use of Army troops to enforce a federal desegregation order at Central High School in Little Rock, Eisenhower was criticized for his reluctance to support the civil rights movement to the degree that activists wanted.


Premise: In what year was Plymouth Porcelain founded?

Hypothesis: Local chemist William Cookworthy established his somewhat short-lived Plymouth Porcelain venture in 1768 to exploit the recently discovered deposits of local China Clay - an industry which continues to make up a portion of the city income.


Premise: What artist performed the theme song for Skyfall?

Hypothesis: It received mixed reviews from critics and fans, particularly in comparison to Adele's "Skyfall".


Premise: Who is the only exception from whom Hayek claims to have learned more than he did from Popper?

Hypothesis: In a letter to Hayek in 1944, Popper stated, "I think I have learnt more from you than from any other living thinker, except perhaps Alfred Tarski."


Premise: What is another name for the lounge bar?

Hypothesis: This bar was known as the four-ale bar from the days when the cheapest beer served there cost 4 pence (4d) a quart.[citation needed]


Premise: What did Kedafu establish in 1734?

Hypothesis: In 1734, the Afar leader Kedafu, head of the Mudaito clan, seized power and established the Mudaito Dynasty.


Premise: If Mexico City was declared a state, how many states would be in the federation?

Hypothesis: Therefore, it was the president, representing the federation, who used to designate the head of government of the Federal District, a position which is sometimes presented outside Mexico as the "Mayor" of Mexico City.[citation needed]


Premise: Jean-Etienne Guettard and NIcolas Desmarest went to France and recorded what?

Hypothesis: Over the first half of the 19th century, geologists such as Charles Lyell, Adam Sedgwick, and Roderick Murchison applied the new technique to rocks throughout Europe and eastern North America, setting the stage for more detailed, government-funded mapping projects in later decades.


Premise: Which sites gave the Wii copy of Twilight Princess scores of 95% and 95?

Hypothesis: On the review aggregators GameRankings and Metacritic, Twilight Princess has average scores of 95% and 95 for the Wii version and scores of 95% and 96 for the GameCube version.


Premise: The small North German navy had how many ironclads at their disposal?

Hypothesis: For most of the war, the three largest German ironclads were out of service with engine troubles; only the turret ship SMS Arminius was available to conduct operations.


Premise: How many moons does Neptune have?

Hypothesis: Neptune has 14 known moons.


Premise: Over the last two years, what rank must a player's team average at least in order for them to receive a work permit from the Home Office?

Hypothesis: A non-EU player applying for the permit must have played for his country in at least 75 per cent of its competitive 'A' team matches for which he was available for selection during the previous two years, and his country must have averaged at least 70th place in the official FIFA world rankings over the previous two years.


Premise: What idea did Noah Porter strike down?

Hypothesis: He did not endorse everything old or reject everything new; rather, he sought to apply long-established ethical and pedagogical principles to a rapidly changing culture.


Premise: What did the Byzantines help the Khazars with?

Hypothesis: The Byzantines also helped the Khazars build a fortress at Sarkel on the Don river to protect their northwest frontier against incursions by the Turkic migrants and the Rus', and to control caravan trade routes and the portage between the Don and Volga rivers.


Premise: What was coming to an end?

Hypothesis: On December 8, the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus secretly met in Belavezhskaya Pushcha, in western Belarus, and signed the Belavezha Accords, which proclaimed the Soviet Union had ceased to exist and announced formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as a looser association to take its place.


Premise: What nationality was Evlija Chelebija?

Hypothesis: The Strumica Carnival (Macedonian: Струмички Карневал, translated Strumichki Karneval) has been held since at least 1670, when the Turkish author Evlija Chelebija wrote while staying there, "I came into a town located in the foothills of a high hillock and what I saw that night was masked people running house–to–house, with laughter, scream and song.


Premise: Who was Henry's ally?

Hypothesis: It was unclear what would happen to the empire on Henry's death.


Premise: What was the name of Trident's subsidiary?

Hypothesis: However, Trident found it difficult to find a label for a band bearing a name with such connotation during the early 1970s.