Premise: An inclined plane with a conveyor belt describes what type of elevator?

Hypothesis: Material transport elevators generally consist of an inclined plane on which a conveyor belt runs.


Premise: How many CDs has Kanye West sold?

Hypothesis: He has won a total of 21 Grammy Awards, making him one of the most awarded artists of all time and the most Grammy-awarded artist of his age.


Premise: When did the Experience close?

Hypothesis: There were several preliminary-round shows during the day that culminated in a "finals" show in the evening where one of the winners of the previous rounds that day was selected as the overall winner.


Premise: Who commissioned illustrated manuscripts in the Ottoman empire?

Hypothesis: In Topkapi Palace, these manuscripts were created by the artists working in Nakkashane, the atelier of the miniature and illumination artists.


Premise: What position was Napoleon granted in Article 1 of the new French constitution?

Hypothesis: The French people name, and the Senate proclaims Napoleon-Bonaparte First Consul for Life.


Premise: What color LED was demonstrated in 1994?

Hypothesis: The first high-brightness blue LED was demonstrated by Shuji Nakamura of Nichia Corporation in 1994 and was based on InGaN.


Premise: Aside from general advice what did the texts contain?

Hypothesis: These texts provided both general advice and specific formal prescriptions or canons.


Premise: What did John instruct Langton to do?

Hypothesis: They congregated at Northampton in May and renounced their feudal ties to John, appointing Robert fitz Walter as their military leader.


Premise: What kind of music does Kanye West perform?

Hypothesis: He is among the most acclaimed musicians of the 21st century, attracting both praise and controversy for his work and his outspoken public persona.


Premise: Was there a time this was not the case?

Hypothesis: The final is normally held the Saturday after the Premier League season finishes in May.


Premise: The Rock's persona is seen as what?

Hypothesis: In lucha libre, many characters wear masks, adopting a secret identity akin to a superhero, a near-sacred tradition.


Premise: What can make a person believe they know someone elses sexual orientation?

Hypothesis: One person may presume knowledge of another person's sexual orientation based upon perceived characteristics, such as appearance, clothing, tone of voice, and accompaniment by and behavior with other people.


Premise: Does Puerto Rico have many English speaking residents?

Hypothesis: Puerto Rico was able to maintain its Spanish language, culture, and identity because the relatively small, densely populated island was already home to nearly a million people at the time of the U.S. takeover, all of those spoke Spanish, and the territory was never hit with a massive influx of millions of English speakers like the vast territory acquired from Mexico 50 years earlier.


Premise: What was found to be limited or at least difficult to get access to in the studied region?

Hypothesis: Among these problems are the lack of information about food choices, a lack of understanding of nutritional information and its application to individual circumstances, limited or difficult access to healthful foods, and a range of cultural influences and socioeconomic constraints such as low levels of education and high levels of poverty that decrease opportunities for healthful eating and living.


Premise: What season is Spoleto Festival USA held?

Hypothesis: It was founded in 1977 by Pulitzer Prize-winning composer Gian Carlo Menotti, who sought to establish a counterpart to the Festival dei Due Mondi (the Festival of Two Worlds) in Spoleto, Italy.


Premise: What did Intel unsuccessfully try to push Apple to migrate to?

Hypothesis: Intel had tried unsuccessfully to push Apple to migrate the Macintosh platform to Intel chips.


Premise: What did radio host Christina Chan wear before waving it?

Hypothesis: Several onlookers heckled Chan, shouting "What kind of Chinese are you?"


Premise: What inspired Chopin for his preludes?

Hypothesis: The preludes were perhaps not intended to be played as a group, and may even have been used by him and later pianists as generic preludes to others of his pieces, or even to music by other composers, as Kenneth Hamilton suggests: he has noted a recording by Ferruccio Busoni of 1922, in which the Prelude Op.


Premise: When did the Zhengde Emperor rule?

Hypothesis: The Zhengde Emperor (r. 1505–1521), who enjoyed the company of lamas at court despite protests from the censorate, had heard tales of a "living Buddha" which he desired to host at the Ming capital; this was none other than the Rinpung-supported Mikyö Dorje, 8th Karmapa Lama then occupying Lhasa.


Premise: How many dictionaries and encyclopedias were published in the decade preceding the French Revolution?

Hypothesis: In the later half of the 18th century, the number of dictionaries and encyclopedias published by decade increased from 63 between 1760 and 1769 to approximately 148 in the decade proceeding the French Revolution (1780–1789).


Premise: One type of music derived from Byzantine is called what?

Hypothesis: Byzantium presented the monophonic Byzantine chant; a melodic treasury of inestimable value for its rhythmical variety and expressive power.


Premise: As of 2014, how many hours of video were being uploaded every  minute?

Hypothesis: According to third-party web analytics providers, Alexa and SimilarWeb, YouTube is the third most visited website in the world, as of June 2015; SimilarWeb also lists YouTube as the top TV and video website globally, attracting more than 15 billion visitors per month.


Premise: The 1812 invasion of Russia resulted in the collapse of which military unit?

Hypothesis: The resulting campaign witnessed the catastrophic collapse of the Grand Army, forcing the French to retreat, as well as leading to the widespread destruction of Russian lands and cities.


Premise: What prompted the state-sponsored slaughter of Armenians?

Hypothesis: When they began pushing for more rights within the Ottoman Empire, Sultan ‘Abdu’l-Hamid II, in response, organized state-sponsored massacres against the Armenians between 1894 and 1896, resulting in an estimated death toll of 80,000 to 300,000 people.


Premise: What does the word Anabaptist describe?

Hypothesis: The name Anabaptist, meaning "one who baptizes again", was given them by their persecutors in reference to the practice of re-baptizing converts who already had been baptized as infants.


Premise: The neurostransmitter that usually excites targets is called what?

Hypothesis: The two neurotransmitters that are used most widely in the vertebrate brain are glutamate, which almost always exerts excitatory effects on target neurons, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is almost always inhibitory.


Premise: In what district of London is Pillars of Hercules located?

Hypothesis: The Fitzroy Tavern is a pub situated at 16 Charlotte Street in the Fitzrovia district, to which it gives its name.


Premise: What percentage did the crime rate in San Diego drop from 2002 to 2006?

Hypothesis: From 2002 to 2006, the crime rate overall dropped 0.8%, though not evenly by category.


Premise: According to Hayek, a society in which income is redistributed is what?

Hypothesis: He generally regarded government redistribution of income or capital as an unacceptable intrusion upon individual freedom: "the principle of distributive justice, once introduced, would not be fulfilled until the whole of society was organized in accordance with it.


Premise: What major airport is located to the southwest of Delhi?

Hypothesis: In 2012-13, the airport was used by more than 35 million passengers, making it one of the busiest airports in South Asia.


Premise: What is frequently used to connect elements to the receiver?

Hypothesis: Typically an antenna consists of an arrangement of metallic conductors (elements), electrically connected (often through a transmission line) to the receiver or transmitter.


Premise: Which contestant garnered the most attention because of a prior recording contract?

Hypothesis: Contestant David Hernandez also attracted some attention due to his past employment as a stripper.


Premise: Public spending has risks of kickbacks, embezzlement and what?

Hypothesis: Therefore, due to their lack of corruption in the first place, they can run large public sectors without inducing political corruption.


Premise: How did the South 40 get its name?

Hypothesis: Most of the residence halls on campus are located on the South 40, named because of its adjacent location on the south side of the Danforth Campus and its size of 40 acres (160,000 m2).


Premise: Who was the hospital's patroness?

Hypothesis: In 1409, a hospital was founded and placed under the patronage of Santa María de los Inocentes; to this was attached a confraternity devoted to recovering the bodies of the unfriended dead in the city and within a radius of three miles (4.8 km) around it.


Premise: What does the TZ value EST5EDT,M3.2.0/02:00,M11.1.0/02:00 specify?

Hypothesis: For example, TZ='EST5EDT,M3.2.0/02:00,M11.1.0/02:00' specifies time for the eastern United States starting in 2007.


Premise: Who was in charge of overseeing audio production?

Hypothesis: The game's score was composed by Toru Minegishi and Asuka Ohta, with series regular Koji Kondo serving as the sound supervisor.


Premise: What is another name for the Ludi Apollinares?

Hypothesis: On the occasion of a pestilence in the 430s BCE, Apollo's first temple at Rome was established in the Flaminian fields, replacing an older cult site there known as the "Apollinare".


Premise: What is the term used by Internet Archive to describe the Wayback Machine?

Hypothesis: The service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a "three dimensional index."


Premise: Game animals were introduced here by whom?

Hypothesis: However, once Europeans arrived, game animals were introduced by acclimatisation societies to provide New Zealanders with sport and a hunting resource.


Premise: In what year did Alcuin die?

Hypothesis: The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria.


Premise: What major accomplishment did Victoria achieve with her civil list allowance?

Hypothesis: Financially prudent, she paid off her father's debts.


Premise: IN 1858 who was szlachta out of all the russian nobles?

Hypothesis: Despite this, 62.8% of Russia's nobles were szlachta in 1858 and still 46.1% in 1897.


Premise: Which season has been the highest rated of all American Idol seasons?

Hypothesis: It remains the highest-rated season in the show's run so far.


Premise: What does PLASA stand for?

Hypothesis: They lobby for and represent the interests of the industry at various levels, interacting with government and regulating bodies and presenting the case for the entertainment industry.


Premise: Where does child labour currently occur the most?

Hypothesis: Child labour predominantly occurs in the rural areas (70%) and informal urban sector (26%).


Premise: What type of Gothic architecture is the Malbork Castle an example of?

Hypothesis: The Malbork Castle built for the master of the Teutonic order is an example of Brick Gothic architecture.


Premise: Who, upon reprinting, will often append the dates on which the treaty was ratified and came into effect?

Hypothesis: When the text of a treaty is later reprinted, such as in a collection of treaties currently in effect, an editor will often append the dates on which the respective parties ratified the treaty and on which it came into effect for each party.


Premise: Whose piano method did Chopin use with his students?

Hypothesis: Chopin was educated in the tradition of Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart and Clementi; he used Clementi's piano method with his own students.


Premise: Who established the Theotokos Paregoritissa Church in 1294-96?

Hypothesis: The Church of the Holy Apostles in Thessaloniki was built in 1310–14.


Premise: When was Thatcher appointed prime minister?

Hypothesis: For example, Margaret Thatcher was only ever appointed prime minister on one occasion, in 1979.


Premise: What type of paint tends to absorb light?

Hypothesis: In some design instances, materials used on walls and furniture play a key role in the lighting effect< for example dark paint tends to absorb light, making the room appear smaller and more dim than it is, whereas light paint does the opposite.


Premise: When did Espanyol  offer a counter-petition against autonomy?

Hypothesis: Later on, an Espanyol supporter group would join the Falangists in the Spanish Civil War, siding with the fascists.


Premise: Christoph Waltz's appearance in future Bond movies is contingent on the appearance of which other actor?

Hypothesis: Sam Mendes has stated he will not return to direct the next 007 film.


Premise: What marked the start of a new and sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period?

Hypothesis: This marked the start of a new and more sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period.


Premise: In 1887 the US Government wanted to undo Bell's patent due to fraud and what?

Hypothesis: By the time that the trial wound its way through nine years of legal battles, the U.S. prosecuting attorney had died and the two Bell patents (No. 174,465 dated March 7, 1876 and No. 186,787 dated January 30, 1877) were no longer in effect, although the presiding judges agreed to continue the proceedings due to the case's importance as a "precedent".


Premise: What do the new telecommunications firms in Somalia offer that is not available in many other parts of the continent?

Hypothesis: Funded by Somali entrepreneurs and backed by expertise from China, Korea and Europe, these nascent telecommunications firms offer affordable mobile phone and internet services that are not available in many other parts of the continent.


Premise: What is an example of a stereotype found in this double minority?

Hypothesis: Many people experience racism in the dominant LGBT community where racial stereotypes merge with gender stereotypes, such that Asian-American LGBTs are viewed as more passive and feminine, while African-American LGBTs are viewed as more masculine and aggressive.


Premise: Who convinced Michael Dell to not use retailers to sell PCs?

Hypothesis: Bain consultant Kevin Rollins persuaded Michael Dell to pull out of these deals, believing they would be money losers in the long run.


Premise: What test is designed to test the fitness of airmen in the USAF?

Hypothesis: The US Air Force Fitness Test (AFFT) is designed to test the abdominal circumference, muscular strength/endurance and cardiovascular respiratory fitness of airmen in the USAF.


Premise: What actor did Laemmle promote?

Hypothesis: In 1910, he promoted Florence Lawrence, formerly known as "The Biograph Girl", and actor King Baggot, in what may be the first instance of a studio using stars in its marketing.


Premise: What was the original name of the Science Museum of Oklahoma?

Hypothesis: The Science Museum Oklahoma (formerly Kirkpatrick Science and Air Space Museum at Omniplex) houses exhibits on science, aviation, and an IMAX theater.


Premise: What is recommended by the WHO for malnutrition and diarrhea?

Hypothesis: In children it causes an increase in infection and diarrhea, contributing to the death of about 800,000 children worldwide per year.


Premise: Since the ECB doesn't buy bonds outright, how are they used?

Hypothesis: In contrast to the Fed, the ECB normally does not buy bonds outright.


Premise: What sort of deposits does asphalt overlay?

Hypothesis: On the west coast, as early as the 13th century, the Tongva, Luiseño and Chumash peoples collected the naturally occurring asphalt/bitumen that seeped to the surface above underlying petroleum deposits.


Premise: The beginning of what ended the Porfiriato?

Hypothesis: Díaz had stated that Mexico was ready for democracy and he would step down to allow other candidates to compete for the presidency, but Díaz decided to run again in 1910 for the last time against Francisco I. Madero.


Premise: What might some people of Mediterranean origin report as painful that people of this origin wouldn't?

Hypothesis: Some individuals in all cultures have significantly higher than normal pain perception and tolerance thresholds.


Premise: What did Gabriel announce to Mary at the Annunciation?

Hypothesis: According to gospel accounts, Mary was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus and is depicted as a member of the early Christian community in Jerusalem.


Premise: What is the most famous immune system disease?

Hypothesis: The most well-known disease that affects the immune system itself is AIDS, an immunodeficiency characterized by the suppression of CD4+ ("helper")


Premise: What other national examinations are available?

Hypothesis: This certification process is one of three national (U.S.) examinations (the others are CLEP and CLMC) in the lighting industry and is open not only to designers, but to lighting equipment manufacturers, electric utility employees, etc.


Premise: What is Eritrea's popular alcoholic beverage Mies made out of?

Hypothesis: They brought the use of "pasta" to Italian Eritrea, and it is one of the main food eaten in present-day Asmara.


Premise: Why have Eritrean government officials participated in numerous meetings with NGO representatives?

Hypothesis: Additionally, a new movement called Citizens for Democratic Rights in Eritrea aimed at bringing about dialogue between the government and opposition was formed in early 2009.


Premise: What does Y-DNA show?

Hypothesis: Currently, there are three types of genetic origin testing, autosomal DNA (atDNA), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA).


Premise: In which year was a £178 billion investment made?

Hypothesis: The review set a defence policy with four primary missions for the Armed Forces:


Premise: The city of Varna is located on what coast of the Black Sea?

Hypothesis: In July 1854, the Turks under Omar Pasha crossed the Danube into Wallachia and on 7 July 1854, engaged the Russians in the city of Giurgiu and conquered it.


Premise: What is the movement ability of hunter-gathers?

Hypothesis: Mobile communities typically construct shelters using impermanent building materials, or they may use natural rock shelters, where they are available.


Premise: What did 19th century formal architectural training neglect?

Hypothesis: Formal architectural training in the 19th century, for example at École des Beaux-Arts in France, gave much emphasis to the production of beautiful drawings and little to context and feasibility.


Premise: Who produced American Idol?

Hypothesis: It began airing on Fox on June 11, 2002, as an addition to the Idols format based on the British series Pop Idol and has since become one of the most successful shows in the history of American television.


Premise: How are larger value capacitors often constructed?

Hypothesis: Larger value capacitors usually use a metal foil or metal film layer deposited on the surface of a dielectric film to make the plates, and a dielectric film of impregnated paper or plastic – these are rolled up to save space.


Premise: What is the name of the religious leader who co-led this founding group?

Hypothesis: These settlers were hoping to establish a (in their mind) better theological community, with the government more closely linked to the church than the one they left in Massachusetts and sought to take advantage of the excellent port capabilities of the harbor.


Premise: What is used to allow one to control the function of wave fronts moving through an antenna?

Hypothesis: An electromagnetic wave refractor in some aperture antennas is a component which due to its shape and position functions to selectively delay or advance portions of the electromagnetic wavefront passing through it.


Premise: What type of panels can also be referred to as an "array?'

Hypothesis: Thus a manufacturing panel can consist of a grouping of individual PCBs or of arrays, depending on what must be delivered.


Premise: What platform was NESticle available for use?

Hypothesis: It was described as being the first NES emulation software that could be used by a non-expert.


Premise: What was burned during these boycotts?

Hypothesis: Some burned French flags, some added Swastika (due to its conotaions with Nazism) to the French flag, and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of French consulates and embassy.


Premise: When are the 2 Queen Elizabeth class ships due to become operational?

Hypothesis: The ships are due to become operational from 2020.


Premise: What is the name of the longest avenue in Mexico City?

Hypothesis: Another important avenue is the Avenida de los Insurgentes, which extends 28.8 km (17.9 mi) and is one of the longest single avenues in the world.


Premise: Who is the current head of the Greek Orthodox church in Cyprus?

Hypothesis: According to Eurobarometer 2005, Cyprus was the second most religious state in the European Union at that time, after Malta (although in 2005 Romania wasn't in the European Union, currently Romania is the most religious state in the European Union) (see Religion in the European Union).


Premise: What TV station is the main public service broadcaster in Somalia?

Hypothesis: On March 18, 2011, the Ministry of Information of the Transitional Federal Government began experimental broadcasts of the new TV channel.


Premise: What major accomplishment did Victoria achieve with her civil list allowance?

Hypothesis: Charles Greville supposed that the widowed and childless Melbourne was "passionately fond of her as he might be of his daughter if he had one", and Victoria probably saw him as a father figure.


Premise: What was Pius XII accused of not condemning?

Hypothesis: In his style and methodology, he was a disciple of Pius XII, whom he deeply revered.


Premise: Along with Chris O'Donnell, who was the original host of Essentials Jr.?

Hypothesis: Who Knew Too Much.


Premise: Where is the FBI's data campus?

Hypothesis: " The FBI is in process of moving its Records Management Division, which processes Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests, to Winchester, Virginia.


Premise: What did the revelations about Bulger cause?

Hypothesis: In 2008, Special Agent Connolly completed his term on the federal charges and was transferred to Florida where he was convicted of helping plan the murder of John B Callahan, a Bulger rival.


Premise: In what year was home brewing first allowed in the UK?

Hypothesis: However, the UK government relaxed legislation in 1963, followed by Australia in 1972 and the US in 1978, allowing homebrewing to become a popular hobby.


Premise: India refused China's request that the Tibetan exile community be avoided because they said India is what?

Hypothesis: India rejected Chinese demands that the torch route be clear of India's 150,000-strong Tibetan exile community, by which they required a ban on congregation near the curtailed 3 km route.


Premise: Who argued that drug regulators were greater serving the interests of the drug companies than the patients?

Hypothesis: He argues that regulators do not require that new drugs offer an improvement over what is already available, or even that they be particularly effective.


Premise: When did the eastern and western churches split?

Hypothesis: The formal break came in 1054, when the papacy and the patriarchy of Constantinople clashed over papal supremacy and excommunicated each other, which led to the division of Christianity into two churches—


Premise: What town was a common site of agitation within the area?

Hypothesis: The movement was based in the town of Faesulae, which was a natural hotbed of agrarian agitation.


Premise: The rise of what dynasty followed the era of the Mughals?

Hypothesis: The post-Mughal era was dominated by the rise of the Maratha suzerainty as other small regional states (mostly late Mughal tributary states) emerged, and also by the increasing activities of European powers.


Premise: How many pieces did Chopin write in 1841?

Hypothesis: Whereas in 1841 he had written a dozen works, only six were written in 1842 and six shorter pieces in 1843.


Premise: How do first order neurons enter the spinal cord?

Hypothesis: These first order neurons enter the spinal cord via Lissauer's tract.


Premise: Around how many Hotels does Guam currently have?

Hypothesis: Its tourist hub, Tumon, features over 20 large hotels, a Duty Free Shoppers Galleria, Pleasure Island district, indoor aquarium, Sandcastle Las Vegas–styled shows and other shopping and entertainment venues.


Premise: What family would you find cherries in?

Hypothesis: The Fabaceae, or legume family, comes in second place.


Premise: Name the other individual considered the founding fathers of modern Cypriot art.

Hypothesis: Arguably the two founding fathers of modern Cypriot art were Adamantios Diamantis (1900–1994) who studied at London's Royal College of Art and Christopheros Savva (1924–1968) who also studied in London, at Saint Martin's School of Art.


Premise: What is the creation myth of Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: An important creation myth of the islands of Tuvalu is the story of the te Pusi mo te Ali (the Eel and the Flounder) who created the islands of Tuvalu; te Ali (the flounder) is believed to be the origin of the flat atolls of Tuvalu and the te Pusin (the Eel) is the model for the coconut palms that are important in the lives of Tuvaluans.


Premise: How many records combined have Beyoncé and Jay Z sold?

Hypothesis: As of April 2014, the couple have sold a combined 300 million records together.


Premise: The first flight in a spacecraft that allowed no suits to be worn inside was was?

Hypothesis: This feat would not be repeated until the US Apollo Command Module flew in 1968; this later mission was designed from the outset to safely transport three astronauts in a shirt-sleeve environment while in space.


Premise: Who did the US share the satellite images with?

Hypothesis: During the weekend, the US sent into China two U.S. Air Force C-17's carrying supplies, which included tents and generators.


Premise: What kind of college is Texas Southern University?

Hypothesis: The University of Houston–Clear Lake and the University of Houston–Downtown are stand-alone universities; they are not branch campuses of the University of Houston.


Premise: How many species of polychaetes have known lifecycles?

Hypothesis: About 14% use a similar external fertilization but produce yolk-rich eggs, which reduce the time the larva needs to spend among the plankton, or eggs from which miniature adults emerge rather than larvae.


Premise: The potential for corruption in public spending are one of the arguments that favor what?

Hypothesis: This is one argument for privatization and deregulation.


Premise: Decay can spread to all of what part of a tree?

Hypothesis: Every broken limb or root, or deep wound from fire, insects, or falling timber, may afford an entrance for decay, which, once started, may penetrate to all parts of the trunk.


Premise: What is something that can be accomplished by a thermal mass system?

Hypothesis: Thermal mass systems can store solar energy in the form of heat at domestically useful temperatures for daily or interseasonal durations.


Premise: How much of Greece's energy is targeted to be from renewable sources by 2020?

Hypothesis: In 2013 and for several months, Greece produced more than 20% of its electricity from renewable energy sources and hydroelectric power plants.


Premise: What phrases were used to describe Mary ?

Hypothesis: Their expressions on the subject of the sinlessness of Mary are, it is pointed out, so ample and so absolute that they must be taken to include original sin as well as actual.


Premise: Who replaced Bateman's successor?

Hypothesis: He was also one of several key college leaders who brought about the creation of the Mountain West Conference, which BYU's athletics program joined —


Premise: In late Ottoman classical music one can find Western instruments, what were they?

Hypothesis: The instruments used are a mixture of Anatolian and Central Asian instruments (the saz, the bağlama, the kemence), other Middle Eastern instruments (the ud, the tanbur, the kanun, the ney), and—later in the tradition—Western instruments (the violin and the piano).


Premise: Which hormones are produces when a animal is stressed out?

Hypothesis: Those randomly assigned to the stress test group had a hand immersed in ice cold water (the reputable SECPT or ‘Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor Test’) for up to three minutes, while being monitored and videotaped.


Premise: What programming did IBM use in the 1970s?

Hypothesis: Until the introduction of PC DOS in 1981, IBM had no hand in this because their 1970s operating systems used EBCDIC instead of ASCII and they were oriented toward punch-card input and line printer output on which the concept of carriage return was meaningless.


Premise: When was the Potsdam Declaration issued?

Hypothesis: On 26 July 1945, the President of the United States Harry S. Truman, the President of the Nationalist Government of China Chiang Kai-shek and the Prime Minister of Great Britain Winston Churchill issued the Potsdam Declaration, which outlined the terms of surrender for the Empire of Japan as agreed upon at the Potsdam Conference.


Premise: What are non primarily gold and silver coins valuable for?

Hypothesis: However, since 1992, the U.S. Mint has produced special Silver Proof Sets in addition to the regular yearly proof sets with silver dimes, quarters, and half dollars in place of the standard copper-nickel versions.


Premise: Where is the Ivanpah Solar Power Facility located?

Hypothesis: In developing countries, three World Bank projects for integrated solar thermal/combined-cycle gas-turbine power plants in Egypt, Mexico, and Morocco have been approved.


Premise: Where was Osborne House located?

Hypothesis: Following a custom she maintained throughout her widowhood, Victoria spent the Christmas of 1900 at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight.


Premise: What is an example of an emotion that, under psychological construction theory, is not the same from one case to another?

Hypothesis: One implication is that all cases of, for example, fear are not identical but instead bear a family resemblance to one another.


Premise: Who starred in 'The Color Purple'?

Hypothesis: Starring Whoopi Goldberg and future talk-show superstar Oprah Winfrey, the film was a box office smash and critics hailed Spielberg's successful foray into the dramatic genre.


Premise: What became tourist destinations during the 19th century?

Hypothesis: In the 19th century, the monasteries built in the high Alps during the medieval period to shelter travelers and as places of pilgrimage, became tourist destinations.


Premise: What was the name of the secular legal system under the Ottoman Caliphate?

Hypothesis: The Ottoman legal system accepted the religious law over its subjects.


Premise: Who won the 1999 Nigerian election?

Hypothesis: This ended almost 33 years of military rule (from 1966 until 1999), excluding the short-lived second republic (between 1979 and 1983) by military dictators who seized power in coups d'état and counter-coups during the Nigerian military juntas of 1966–1979 and 1983–1998.


Premise: Who debuted as the starting shortstop in early May 2010?

Hypothesis: Rookie Starlin Castro debuted in early May (2010) as the starting shortstop.


Premise: What was the date on the attack of Pearl Harbor?

Hypothesis: Before World War II, Guam and three other territories – American Samoa, Hawaii, and the Philippines – were the only American jurisdictions in the Pacific Ocean.


Premise: Who was known as the "Cambridge Platonist"?

Hypothesis: The universe cannot exist as it appears if there is no perceiving mind.


Premise: Youtube's financial records are not reported by who?

Hypothesis: Google does not provide detailed figures for YouTube's running costs, and YouTube's revenues in 2007 were noted as "not material" in a regulatory filing.


Premise: In what year did Bismarck fall?

Hypothesis: This could explain the difference between the rural vote and the one in Strasbourg.


Premise: In Devon, Jan is another way of saying what common English name?

Hypothesis: People from Plymouth are known as Plymothians or less formally as Janners.


Premise: What is the round-back mandolin made of?

Hypothesis: There are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin.


Premise: What cuisine notably makes use of pork?

Hypothesis: Due to the intermixing with Kirat cuisine from eastern Nepal, pork has found a place in Kathmandu dishes.


Premise: Rock and pop musicians may have degrees in what type of music?

Hypothesis: Moreover, formal training is not unique to the classical genre.


Premise: What historic period was the foundry for classic Chinese literature in the ancient world?

Hypothesis: China, the origin of modern paper making and woodblock printing, produced one of the world's first print cultures.


Premise: What form of currency is the lilangeni fixed to?

Hypothesis: Its GDP per capita of $9,714 means it is classified as a country with a lower-middle income.


Premise: Sasha Fierce for Deréon fashions were sold at stores that included Macy's and what other store?

Hypothesis: It was available at department stores including Macy's and Dillard's, and specialty stores Jimmy Jazz and Against All Odds.


Premise: The most common tools that neurophysiologists use are what?

Hypothesis: Functional imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging are also used to study brain activity; these techniques have mainly been used with human subjects, because they require a conscious subject to remain motionless for long periods of time, but they have the great advantage of being noninvasive.


Premise: During what decade, did a fear of communism oversweep the US?

Hypothesis: In simple terms, the Cold War could be viewed as an expression of the ideological struggle between communism and capitalism.


Premise: What type of clothing does the British partnership with Beyoncé sell?

Hypothesis: The 50-50 venture is called Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd and is scheduled to launch its first dance, fitness and sports ranges in autumn 2015.


Premise: How many times has Portugal requested external financial support?

Hypothesis: On 6 April 2011, after his proposed "Plan for Stability and Growth IV" (PEC IV) was rejected by the Parliament, Prime Minister José Sócrates announced on national television that the country would request financial assistance from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility, as Greece and the Republic of Ireland had done previously.


Premise: Who's lack of concern helped the Mongols jump at a chance to reclaim their old vassal of Tibet?

Hypothesis: Kolmaš writes that, as the Mongol presence in Tibet increased, culminating in the conquest of Tibet by a Mongol leader in 1642, the Ming emperors "viewed with apparent unconcern these developments in Tibet."


Premise: What was Turkey red called in France?

Hypothesis: Beginning in the 1740s, this bright red color was used to dye or print cotton textiles in England, the Netherlands and France.


Premise: What was the name of Charles Darwin's grandfather?

Hypothesis: Charles Darwin's grandfather Erasmus Darwin outlined a hypothesis of transmutation of species in the 1790s, and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck published a more developed theory in 1809.


Premise: How is the height of a plant determined?

Hypothesis: They are involved in the promotion of germination and dormancy-breaking in seeds, in regulation of plant height by controlling stem elongation and the control of flowering.


Premise: What sort of vehicle is most likely associated with accidents involving dogs?

Hypothesis: The same study found that while dog involvement in road traffic accidents was difficult to quantify, dog-associated road accidents involving injury more commonly involved two-wheeled vehicles.


Premise: Kanye's first engagement was to which well-known designer?

Hypothesis: West began an on-and-off relationship with designer Alexis Phifer in 2002, and they became engaged in August 2006.


Premise: When did Tom Ricketts and Crane Kenney unveil plans for a five-year funded renovation of Wrigley Field?

Hypothesis: In 2013, Tom Ricketts and team president Crane Kenney unveiled plans for a five-year, $575 million privately funded renovation of Wrigley Field.


Premise: What portable game systems have SNES emulators?

Hypothesis: Emulation of the SNES is now available on handheld units, such as Android devices, Apple's iPhone and iPad, Sony's PlayStation Portable (PSP), the Nintendo DS and Game Boy Advance, the Gizmondo, the Dingoo and the GP2X by GamePark Holdings, as well as PDAs.


Premise: What are three of the most common birds in the British Isles?

Hypothesis: Many larger animals, such as wolf, bear and the European elk are today extinct.


Premise: What city in Montana has over 100,000 people?

Hypothesis: Montana has one city, Billings, with a population over 100,000; and two cities with populations over 50,000, Missoula and Great Falls.


Premise: What area of China has the least amount of sunlight?

Hypothesis: Due to great differences in terrain, the climate of the province is highly variable.


Premise: How many papers did Von Neumann publish?

Hypothesis: His last work, an unfinished manuscript written while in the hospital, was later published in book form as The Computer and the Brain.


Premise: What was the number of mobile subscribers in Somalia in 2008?

Hypothesis: The number of mobile subscribers is similarly expected to rise from 512,682 in 2008 to around 6.1 million by 2015.


Premise: As of 2014, how many hours of video were being uploaded every  minute?

Hypothesis: In 2014 YouTube said that 300 hours of new videos were uploaded to the site every minute, three times more than one year earlier and that around three quarters of the material comes from outside the U.S.


Premise: What country is Ulcinj in?

Hypothesis: Due to the Ottoman slave trade that had flourished in the Balkans, the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro had its own black community.


Premise: What is solar power?

Hypothesis: PV converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.


Premise: Where were the matua located on the island?

Hypothesis: The matua were located in the coastal villages, which meant they had the best access to fishing grounds, whereas the mana'chang were located in the interior of the island.


Premise: How many tourists visited the Smoky Mountains and Blue Ridge parkway in 2013?

Hypothesis: The scenic Blue Ridge Parkway and Great Smoky Mountains National Park are the two most visited national park and unit in the United States with over 25 million visitors in 2013.


Premise: When was WKY granted a federal license?

Hypothesis: The Gaylord family earlier sold WKY-TV in 1976, which has gone through a succession of owners (what is now KFOR-TV is currently owned by Tribune Broadcasting as of December 2013).


Premise: Why did Feynman go through a depression?

Hypothesis: During a temporary depression following the destruction of Hiroshima by the bomb produced by the Manhattan Project, he focused on complex physics problems, not for utility, but for self-satisfaction.


Premise: Where were Native Americans forced to live after they lost their land?

Hypothesis: Instead, they were forced onto reservations which were far smaller and less productive.


Premise: How many students attend Southampton Solent University?

Hypothesis: It is also host to the Warsash Maritime Academy, which provides training and certification for the international shipping and off-shore oil industries.


Premise: How many people can be seated for an ice hockey game at TD Garden?

Hypothesis: The TD Garden, formerly called the FleetCenter and built to replace the old, since-demolished Boston Garden, is adjoined to North Station and is the home of two major league teams: the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League and the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association.


Premise: What was the gross primary enrollment rate for females?

Hypothesis: The enrollment of boys is higher than that of girls.


Premise: What college system serves most of Houston?

Hypothesis: The Houston Community College System serves most of Houston.


Premise: The agreement Hayek criticized was between the British Labour government and which political party?

Hypothesis: Hayek was criticised by Liberal politicians Gladwyn Jebb and Andrew Phillips, who both claimed that the purpose of the pact was to discourage socialist legislation.


Premise: What did the disputes between the staff cause to happen to the strategy against Britain?

Hypothesis: German planners had to decide whether the Luftwaffe should deliver the weight of its attacks against a specific segment of British industry such as aircraft factories, or against a system of interrelated industries such as Britain's import and distribution network, or even in a blow aimed at breaking the morale of the British population.


Premise: What was the Kennedy half dollar replaced with?

Hypothesis: However, since 1992, the U.S. Mint has produced special Silver Proof Sets in addition to the regular yearly proof sets with silver dimes, quarters, and half dollars in place of the standard copper-nickel versions.


Premise: Ancient civilizations often alloyed metals for what reason?

Hypothesis: Many ancient civilizations alloyed metals for purely aesthetic purposes.


Premise: What state's law says that death sentences must take place in an "enclosure"?

Hypothesis: Connecticut General Statute §


Premise: In which three years did England fail to qualify for the World Cup?

Hypothesis: England failed to qualify for the World Cup in 1974, 1978 and 1994.


Premise: How is copper absorbed in humans?

Hypothesis: Ceruloplasmin also carries copper that is excreted in milk, and is particularly well-absorbed as a copper source.


Premise: Why did the CEO of Google think the new software was necessary?

Hypothesis: When a video is uploaded, it is checked against the database, and flags the video as a copyright violation if a match is found.


Premise: When do thunderstorms usually occur in Detroit?

Hypothesis: Thunderstorms are frequent in the Detroit area.


Premise: Who charge that Napoleon was untroubled by the prospect of war and death for thousands?

Hypothesis: His role in the Haitian Revolution and decision to reinstate slavery in France's oversea colonies are controversial and have an impact on his reputation.


Premise: How many years did Bell and the US Government fight in court?

Hypothesis: With a change in administration and charges of conflict of interest (on both sides) arising from the original trial, the US Attorney General dropped the lawsuit on November 30, 1897 leaving several issues undecided on the merits.


Premise: Which book does Feynman detail was to pick up girls?

Hypothesis: At Caltech, he used a nude or topless bar as an office away from his usual office, making sketches or writing physics equations on paper placemats.


Premise: How many television production studios is BYU Broadcasting Technical Operations Center home to?

Hypothesis: The BYU Broadcasting Technical Operations Center is an HD production and distribution facility that is home to local PBS affiliate KBYU-TV, local classical music station KBYU-FM Classical 89, BYU Radio, BYU Radio Instrumental, BYU Radio International, BYUtv and BYU Television International with content in Spanish and Portuguese (both available via terrestrial, satellite, and internet signals).


Premise: What type of coupon does the city provide the poor

Hypothesis: During a thematic Sunday several organisations create a program, which is open to everyone without, or with a very much reduced, admission fee.


Premise: During the Roman Empire occupation in the British Isles, what was the name of the people that lived in Ireland?

Hypothesis: The Romans expanded their civilisation to control southern Great Britain but were impeded in advancing any further, building Hadrian's Wall to mark the northern frontier of their empire in 122 AD.


Premise: What former Archbishop of Canterbury has reservations about the Freemasons?

Hypothesis: The former Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Rowan Williams, appeared to harbour some reservations about Masonic ritual, whilst being anxious to avoid causing offence to Freemasons inside and outside the Church of England.


Premise: Who financed a large chunk of the architecture from 1917 to 1931

Hypothesis: In fact, the buildings merely simulate Middle Ages architecture, for though they appear to be constructed of solid stone blocks in the authentic manner, most actually have steel framing as was commonly used in 1930.


Premise: Kings were depicted as hunting what big game from a chariot?

Hypothesis: On ancient reliefs, especially from Mesopotamia, kings are often depicted as hunters of big game such as lions and are often portrayed hunting from a war chariot.


Premise: When were writing systems being created in the Americas?

Hypothesis: What may be the earliest-known example in the Americas of an extensive text thought to be writing is by the Cascajal Block.


Premise: What technology has allowed for research into the earlier-evolved parts of the brain?

Hypothesis: Current research[citation needed] suggests that emotion is an essential part of any human decision-making and planning, and the famous distinction made between reason and emotion is not as clear as it seems.


Premise: What was the 8th province of the Dutch Republic?

Hypothesis: Each province was governed by the Provincial States, the main executive official (though not the official head of state) was a raadspensionaris.


Premise: Who argued that Popper's falsificationism was just as logically untenable as Logical Positivism's verificationism?

Hypothesis: These examples were pointed out by Carl Gustav Hempel.


Premise: What did the new constitution require for voter registration?

Hypothesis: Exclusion from voting had wide effects: it meant that black Americans could not serve on juries or in any local office.


Premise: What is one country with which the Gothic style is distinctly connected with?

Hypothesis: The Gothic style is most particularly associated with the great cathedrals of Northern France, the Low Countries, England and Spain, with other fine examples occurring across Europe.


Premise: What is the goal of the Trust investments

Hypothesis: The foundation trust invests undistributed assets, with the exclusive goal of maximizing the return on investment.


Premise: What is a choice that users of pesticides can make that will lower risks?

Hypothesis: IPM attempts to recognize the more widespread impacts of an action on an ecosystem, so that natural balances are not upset.


Premise: When was the divorce finalized between Madonna and Ritchie?

Hypothesis: Ultimately, Madonna filed for divorce from Ritchie, citing irreconcilable differences, which was finalized in December 2008.


Premise: What did Masonic concentration camp inmates have to wear?

Hypothesis: While the number is not accurately known, it is estimated that between 80,000 and 200,000 Freemasons were killed under the Nazi regime.


Premise: Who designed the cover of Queen's second album?

Hypothesis: The group's second LP, Queen II, was released in 1974, and features rock photographer Mick Rock's iconic image of the band on the cover.


Premise: Oliver Cromwell began buring national figures in the abbey starting with whom?

Hypothesis: Another was William Wilberforce who led the movement to abolish slavery in the United Kingdom and the Plantations, buried on 3 August 1833.


Premise: How does the molecular weight of a gas relate to thermal conductivity?

Hypothesis: Higher molecular weight gasses have lower thermal conductivity, because both the molecular weight is higher and also the cross sectional area is higher.


Premise: Where do the Negritos reside currently?

Hypothesis: The Negritos are believed to be the first inhabitants of Southeast Asia.


Premise: During what period was the importance of having an Italian national language raised?

Hypothesis: With the unification of Italy in the 1860s, standard Italian became the official national language of the new Italian state, while the various unofficial regional languages of Italy gradually became regarded as subordinate "dialects" to Italian, increasingly associated negatively with lack of education or provincialism.


Premise: What Socio economic problems does Utrecht face

Hypothesis: About 38% percent of its population either earns a minimum income or is dependent on social welfare (17% of all households).


Premise: What did the English Dominicans like to concentrate on?

Hypothesis: The idea of the "image of God" demonstrates both the ability of man to move toward God (as partakers in Christ's redeeming sacrifice), and that, on some level, man is always an image of God.


Premise: Along with class and race, what is regarded as an essential category of historical analysis?

Hypothesis: The history of emotions has become an increasingly popular topic recently, with some scholars arguing that it is an essential category of analysis, not unlike class, race, or gender.


Premise: What is the vowel system of Catalan?

Hypothesis: Catalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish.


Premise: What American Idol special received a Governors Award in 2007?

Hypothesis: For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Series in 2009, and the show won a Creative Arts Emmys each in 2007 and 2008, three in 2009, and two in 2011, as well as a Governor's Award in 2007 for its Idol Gives Back edition.


Premise: For what event did Charles III choose Sicily as the location?

Hypothesis: However, by now Palermo was now just another provincial city as the Royal Court resided in Naples.


Premise: Who named Madonna the Greatest Music Video star ever?

Hypothesis: The video included scenes of an African-American church choir, Madonna being attracted to a statue of a black saint, and singing in front of burning crosses.


Premise: What is the posulated homeland region of the Slavs?

Hypothesis: Over time, due to the larger number of Slavs, most descendants of the indigenous populations of the Balkans were Slavicized.


Premise: How old were the obsidian tools that were discovered by the Eritrean Research Project Team?

Hypothesis: In 1999, the Eritrean Research Project Team composed of Eritrean, Canadian, American, Dutch and French scientists discovered a Paleolithic site with stone and obsidian tools dated to over 125,000 years old near the Bay of Zula south of Massawa, along the Red Sea littoral.


Premise: Where is a royal assent ceremony held within the United Kingdom?

Hypothesis: In the United Kingdom, for instance, the sovereign may appear personally in the House of Lords or may appoint Lords Commissioners, who announce that royal assent has been granted at a ceremony held at the Palace of Westminster.


Premise: When was Nanjing announced as the host city for the 2nd Summer Youth Olympic Games?

Hypothesis: On 10 February 2010, the 122nd IOC session at Vancouver announced Nanjing as the host city for the 2nd Summer Youth Olympic Games.


Premise: How long were swift boats?

Hypothesis: These 50-foot (15 m) boats have aluminum hulls and have little or no armor, but are heavily armed and rely on speed.


Premise: What is another example of energy transformation?

Hypothesis: Examples of energy transformation include generating electric energy from heat energy via a steam turbine, or lifting an object against gravity using electrical energy driving a crane motor.


Premise: What was one portion of preparing a new edition of the Holy Scriptures?

Hypothesis: To that end, Larson carefully examined the Original Manuscript (the one dictated by Joseph Smith to his scribes) and the Printer’s Manuscript (the copy Oliver Cowdery prepared for the Printer in 1829–1830), and compared them with the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd editions of the Book of Mormon to determine what sort of changes had occurred over time and to make judgments as to which readings were the most original.


Premise: What type of theaters does Mexico City have the most of compared to other cities?

Hypothesis: Cinépolis and Cinemex, the two biggest film business chains, also have several film festivals throughout the year, with both national and international movies.


Premise: What industries suffered declines?

Hypothesis: Declines were seen in the city's manufacturing and government sectors.


Premise: On what Richmond street did General Lee live for a while?

Hypothesis: In Court End, near the Virginia State Capitol, is the Museum of the Confederacy, along with the Davis Mansion, also known as the White House of the Confederacy; both feature a wide variety of objects and material from the era.


Premise: In 1950, what country got involved in the war?

Hypothesis: Those that escaped envelopment and capture were rapidly forced back north all the way to the border with China at the Yalu River, or into the mountainous interior.


Premise: When did Madonna drop out of college?

Hypothesis: Madonna later commented that "the episode was a taste of my weakness, it showed me that I still could not save myself in spite of all the strong-girl show.


Premise: What force were most commanders opposed to the Korea invasion part of?

Hypothesis: It should be noted that many samurai forces that were active throughout this period were not deployed to Korea; most importantly, the daimyo Tokugawa Ieyasu carefully kept forces under his command out of the Korean campaigns, and other samurai commanders who were opposed to Hideyoshi's domination of Japan either mulled Hideyoshi's call to invade Korea or contributed a small token force.


Premise: Who developed a far east trade and began to frequent the island?

Hypothesis: In developing their Far East trade, the Dutch also began to frequent the island.


Premise: What did a study done by Elizabeth Loftus and John palmer show?

Hypothesis: The findings of this experiment were replicated around the world, and researchers consistently demonstrated that when people were provided with misleading information they tended to misremember, a phenomenon known as the misinformation effect.


Premise: What was Greece's former currency?

Hypothesis: Greece was accepted into the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union on 19 June 2000, and in January 2001 adopted the Euro as its currency, replacing the Greek drachma at an exchange rate of 340.75 drachma to the Euro.


Premise: How many physicians did Namibia have in 2002?

Hypothesis: Given infection rates this large, as well as a looming malaria problem, it may be very difficult for the government to deal with both the medical and economic impacts of this epidemic.


Premise: What does the term "Early Modern" mean?

Hypothesis: The term "Early Modern" was introduced in the English language in the 1930s.


Premise: Where does its name come from?

Hypothesis: During the Middle Ages, the kingdom of Galicia was occasionally ruled by its own kings, but most of the time it was leagued to the kingdom of Leon and later to that of Castile, while maintaining its own legal and customary practices and personality.


Premise: When would American courts follow post-revolution commonwealth rulings?

Hypothesis: However, it is important to understand that despite the presence of reception statutes, much of contemporary American common law has diverged significantly from English common law.


Premise: How much did viewers have to pay for the HD1 channel?

Hypothesis: The HD1 channel was initially free-to-air and mainly comprised sporting, dramatic, musical and other cultural events broadcast with a multi-lingual soundtrack on a rolling schedule of 4 or 5 hours per day.


Premise: 5000 men represented what fraction of General Lee's army?

Hypothesis: When the Union Sixth Corps broke through Confederate lines on Boydton Plank Road south of Petersburg, Confederate casualties exceeded 5000, or about a tenth of Lee's defending army.


Premise: What part of Europe was split up by the pact?

Hypothesis: The colossal demonstration marked the 50th anniversary of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact that divided Eastern Europe into spheres of influence and led to the occupation of the Baltic states in 1940.


Premise: What did the Bermuda u/19 team win?

Hypothesis: Bermuda u/19 team won the 2010 Caribbean Championships.


Premise: What is the economical magazine in Namibia?

Hypothesis: Sister Namibia Magazine stands out as the longest running NGO magazine in Namibia, while Namibia Sport is the only national sport magazine.


Premise: Nobles held land form whom?

Hypothesis: Those who held 'real power' dignities were more privileged but these dignities were not hereditary.


Premise: The end of Antigonid rule began in what year?

Hypothesis: After a period of confusion following Alexander's death, the Antigonid dynasty, descended from one of Alexander's generals, established its control over Macedon and most of the Greek city-states by 276 BC.


Premise: For what time period does NARA have census records available for?

Hypothesis: Many of NARA's most requested records are frequently used for genealogy research.


Premise: Who authored The Heart of the Midlothian?

Hypothesis: Alexander Campbell referred to the use of an instrument in worship as "a cow bell in a concert".


Premise: How is a haze formed?

Hypothesis: The two worst regional hazes were in 1997 and 2006 in which multiple countries were covered with thick haze, mostly caused by "slash and burn" activities in Sumatra and Borneo.


Premise: Who did the Bobangi sell slave to?

Hypothesis: During the 16th and 17th centuries slave traders began to raid the region as part of the expansion of the Saharan and Nile River slave routes.


Premise: When did the EU create the European Constitution?

Hypothesis: This clash of opinions has sparked much controversy.


Premise: What are some ways a dominant party can stay in power?

Hypothesis: In dominant-party systems, opposition parties are allowed, and there may be even a deeply established democratic tradition, but other parties are widely considered to have no real chance of gaining power.


Premise: True crows belong to what group?

Hypothesis: Such alloparenting is particularly common among the Corvida, which includes such birds as the true crows, Australian magpie and fairy-wrens, but has been observed in species as different as the rifleman and red kite.


Premise: What was one of the first uses of a greenhouse?

Hypothesis: Primitive greenhouses were first used during Roman times to produce cucumbers year-round for the Roman emperor Tiberius.


Premise: What are some examples of units that short-term memory can be categorized in to?

Hypothesis: The model also shows all the memory stores as being a single unit whereas research into this shows differently.


Premise: Water conservation policies have been adopted by what two sectors?

Hypothesis: Eighty-two percent of the city's public works vehicles now run on alternative fuels, including nearly 100% of the municipal bus system, making it among the largest such fleets in the country.


Premise: What do blind mole rats have in place of vision?

Hypothesis: Totally blind subterranean mammals (e.g., blind mole rat Spalax sp.) are able to maintain their endogenous clocks in the apparent absence of external stimuli.


Premise: When was Nunez elected as president of FC Barcelona?

Hypothesis: The process of electing a president of FC Barcelona was closely tied to Spain's transition to democracy in 1974 and the end of Franco's dictatorship.


Premise: What type of party could be found at venues like Club 57?

Hypothesis: The decadent parties and art installations of venues such as Club 57 and the Mudd Club became cultural hubs for musicians and visual artists alike, with figures such as Jean-Michel Basquiat, Keith Haring and Michael Holman frequenting the scene.


Premise: What was the name of the manor that previously existed on the site?

Hypothesis: In the Middle Ages, the site of the future palace formed part of the Manor of Ebury (also called Eia).


Premise: How were sports introduced in Bermuda?

Hypothesis: Bermuda's role as the primary Royal Navy base in the Western Hemisphere, with an army garrison to match, ensured that the naval and military officers quickly introduced the newly formalised sports to Bermuda, including cricket, football, Rugby football, and even tennis and rowing (rowing did not adapt well from British rivers to the stormy Atlantic.


Premise: What is the population density of the city?

Hypothesis: As of the 2010 U.S. Census, there were 113,394 people, 45,634 households, and 21,704 families residing in the city.


Premise: When was the KU Endowment founded?

Hypothesis: KU Endowment was established in 1891 as America’s first foundation for a public university.


Premise: Where is the Oklahoma History Center located?

Hypothesis: The Oklahoma History Center is the history museum of the state of Oklahoma.


Premise: What does Lawson suggest has contributed to the consistency of the sense of urgency in Jehovah Witnesses' apocalyptic message?

Hypothesis: They do not work in industries associated with the military, do not serve in the armed services, and refuse national military service, which in some countries may result in their arrest and imprisonment.


Premise: What is theorized to have evolved with circadian rhythms?

Hypothesis: What drove circadian rhythms to evolve has been an enigmatic question.


Premise: What is the primamry reason for testing software?

Hypothesis: A primary purpose of testing is to detect software failures so that defects may be discovered and corrected.


Premise: How many rounds can a contestant make it through before Hollywood?

Hypothesis: Contestants go through at least three sets of cuts.


Premise: Proximity and the ending of life is called?

Hypothesis: Instead of focusing on what they eat, this system classifies predators by the way in which they eat, and the general nature of the interaction between predator and prey species.


Premise: What are the two official languages of Cyprus?

Hypothesis: Cyprus has two official languages, Greek and Turkish.


Premise: Who are popular fiddle player and tenor banjo player?

Hypothesis: John Sheahan and the late Barney McKenna, respectively fiddle player and tenor banjo player with The Dubliners, are also accomplished Irish mandolin players.


Premise: Who was the editor who got their hands on the first draft of To Kill a Mockingbird?

Hypothesis: During the next couple of years, she led Lee from one draft to the next until the book finally achieved its finished form and was retitled To Kill a Mockingbird.


Premise: What year did Kanye West release his first rap CD?

Hypothesis: Intent on pursuing a solo career as a rapper, West released his debut album The College Dropout in 2004 to widespread commercial and critical success, and founded record label GOOD Music.


Premise: In the film Evita, who did Madonna play?

Hypothesis: For a long time, Madonna had desired to play Perón and wrote to director Alan Parker to explain why she would be perfect for the part.


Premise: What is the customary calendar of Iran?

Hypothesis: The year of Prophet Muhammad's migration to Medina (622 CE) is fixed as the first year of the calendar, and the New Year's Day always falls on the March equinox.


Premise: In September 1849 where did Chopin take up residence?

Hypothesis: After 15 October, when his condition took a marked turn for the worse, only a handful of his closest friends remained with him, although Viardot remarked sardonically that "all the grand Parisian ladies considered it de rigueur to faint in his room."


Premise: What encouraged borrowing from 2000 to 2003?

Hypothesis: From 2000 to 2003, the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate target from 6.5% to 1.0%.


Premise: What is special about the doorways of the top floors?

Hypothesis: The passenger cabs are mechanically separated from the lift mechanism, thus allowing the elevator shafts to be used continuously while passengers board and embark from the cabs, as well as move through show scenes on various floors.


Premise: The company used camouflage from what designers?

Hypothesis: To defend against air attack set designers from the Warner Brothers Studios prepared elaborate camouflage that disguised the factory and airfield.


Premise: After the first round of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, how many teams remained in contention?

Hypothesis: The team's earliest exit in the competition itself was its elimination in the first round in 1950, 1958 and most recently in the 2014 FIFA World Cup, after being defeated in both their opening two matches for the first time, versus Italy and Uruguay in Group D.


Premise: Who is the leader of Arab League?

Hypothesis: The permanent headquarters of the Arab League are located in Cairo and the body's secretary general has traditionally been Egyptian.


Premise: What was a major cause of declined vinyl sales?

Hypothesis: Vinyl records experienced a sudden decline in popularity between 1988 and 1991, when the major label distributors restricted their return policies, which retailers had been relying on to maintain and swap out stocks of relatively unpopular titles.


Premise: In order to merge, what must the database maintain?

Hypothesis: the database related application (i.e., all related application programs) intact.


Premise: What year was this protection act put into place?

Hypothesis: India's Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 bans the killing of all wild animals.


Premise: How can't a finite set of statements be described?

Hypothesis: But it came to be realized that there is no finite set of statements about actual and possible sense-data from which we can deduce even a single physical-object statement.


Premise: When was East Tucson developed?

Hypothesis: Restaurant Row is sandwiched by three of Tucson's storied Neighborhoods: Harold Bell Wright Estates, named after the famous author's ranch which occupied some of that area prior to the depression; the Tucson Country Club (the third to bear the name Tucson Country Club), and the Dorado Country Club.


Premise: What time period did technological advances lead to?

Hypothesis: Still, advancing technology and medicine has had a great impact even in the Global South.


Premise: How easily do vinyl records break?

Hypothesis: In extreme cases, they can cause the needle to skip over a series of grooves, or worse yet, cause the needle to skip backwards, creating a "locked groove" that repeats over and over.


Premise: Why does this difficulty occur?

Hypothesis: for the time being there is no indication which method is at fault.


Premise: What department store was founded in 1853?

Hypothesis: The store was completely destroyed in the 1916 Easter Rising, but reopened in 1922.


Premise: What is the Boardwalk Hall?

Hypothesis: Boardwalk Hall was Atlantic City's primary convention center until the opening of the Atlantic City Convention Center in 1997.


Premise: Where is the BSX located?

Hypothesis: The BSX is a full member of the World Federation of Exchanges and is located in an OECD member nation.


Premise: Who did not approve of the first name for Neptune?

Hypothesis: Claiming the right to name his discovery, Le Verrier quickly proposed the name Neptune for this new planet, though falsely stating that this had been officially approved by the French Bureau des Longitudes.


Premise: Ice from what source helped to create earths oceans?

Hypothesis: Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere.


Premise: What do some call the effect that they say caused a one-day loss for stock exchanges of approximately $31 billion in the year 2000?

Hypothesis: Although it has been argued that clock shifts correlate with decreased economic efficiency, and that in 2000 the daylight-saving effect implied an estimated one-day loss of $31 billion on US stock exchanges, the estimated numbers depend on the methodology.


Premise: During what dictatorship was Catalan considered a dialect?

Hypothesis: Spanish and Catalan have important differences in their sound systems, lexicon, and grammatical features, placing the language in a number of respects closer to Occitan (and French).


Premise: In what year did BYU draft a new Statement on Academic Freedom?

Hypothesis: In 1992, the university drafted a new Statement on Academic Freedom, specifying that limitations may be placed upon "expression with students or in public that: (1) contradicts or opposes, rather than analyzes or discusses, fundamental Church doctrine or policy; (2) deliberately attacks or derides the Church or its general leaders; or (3) violates the Honor Code because the expression is dishonest, illegal, unchaste, profane, or unduly disrespectful of others."


Premise: What genre of music does Uffie perform?

Hypothesis: Cat Power and Iron & Wine are based in the city, while alternative hip hop artist Sage Francis, electro artist Uffie, and the electroclash duo Avenue D were born in Miami, but musically based elsewhere.


Premise: Who stepped up after 2011?

Hypothesis: However, it is also said that the authorities implore students not to use the characters in public.


Premise: Who recognized Catalan as a departmental language?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, on 10 December 2007, the General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales officially recognized Catalan as one of the languages of the department and seeks to further promote it in public life and education.


Premise: What do Jehovah Witnesses refuse?

Hypothesis: They consider use of the name Jehovah vital for proper worship.


Premise: If there is a decrease in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present?

Hypothesis: On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking.


Premise: What do Jehovah Witnesses believe Jesus died on rather than a traditional cross?

Hypothesis: They believe Jesus died on a single upright post rather than the traditional cross.


Premise: In what county is Plymouth located?

Hypothesis: west-south-west of London, between the mouths of the rivers Plym to the east and Tamar to the west where they join Plymouth Sound to form the boundary with Cornwall.


Premise: What type of climate is southern Nigeria?

Hypothesis: Nigeria has a varied landscape.


Premise: What was the SNES called in South Korea?

Hypothesis: In South Korea, it is known as the Super Comboy (슈퍼 컴보이 Syupeo Keomboi) and was distributed by Hyundai Electronics.


Premise: What percentage of world uranium oxide production is produced by Argentina?

Hypothesis: Kazakhstan continues to increase production and may have become the world's largest producer of uranium by 2009 with an expected production of 12,826 tonnes, compared to Canada with 11,100 t and Australia with 9,430 t.


Premise: Who amassed in large scale against protesters?

Hypothesis: A couple of skirmishes between the protesters and supporters were reported.


Premise: North of what river in Northumbria was the kingdom not overrun by the Vikings?

Hypothesis: The portion of Mercia that was successfully defended, and all of Kent, were then integrated into Wessex under Alfred the Great.


Premise: What caused distrust between the German and Soviet governments?

Hypothesis: Stalin's invasions were a severe irritant to Berlin, as the intent to accomplish these was not communicated to the Germans beforehand, and prompted concern that Stalin was seeking to form an anti-German bloc.


Premise: Which government was responsible in Canadian history for this fact?

Hypothesis: Women were fully integrated in all occupations and roles by the government of Jean Chretien, and by 8 March 2000, even allowed to serve on submarines.


Premise: What type of things did Egyptians and Greeks use?

Hypothesis: He then proposed the idea that it might be possible to create chemicals that would act as a selective drug that would bind to and kill bacteria without harming the human host.


Premise: Where was  Aung San Suu Kyi confined during his imprisonment in Burma ?

Hypothesis: Since the 2010 election, the government has embarked on a series of reforms to direct the country towards liberal democracy, a mixed economy, and reconciliation, although doubts persist about the motives that underpin such reforms.


Premise: Although Keifer held minority leader role, who was actual gloof leader?

Hypothesis: Clearly, Keifer was not the Republicans' minority leader.


Premise: What makes a plant non-vascular?

Hypothesis: The sporophyte generation is nonphotosynthetic in liverworts but may be able to contribute part of its energy needs by photosynthesis in mosses and hornworts.


Premise: What journalist from the New York Times stated his believe in Nassim Nicholas Taleb?

Hypothesis: Stock trader and financial risk engineer Nassim Nicholas Taleb, author of the 2007 book The Black Swan, spent years warning against the breakdown of the banking system in particular and the economy in general owing to their use of bad risk models and reliance on forecasting, and their reliance on bad models, and framed the problem as part of "robustness and fragility".


Premise: To set the record for Grammys, how many did Beyonce win?

Hypothesis: Her marriage to rapper Jay Z and portrayal of Etta James in Cadillac Records (2008) influenced her third album, I Am...


Premise: What is a mammal whose genome has been sequenced?

Hypothesis: In December 2013, scientists first sequenced the entire genome of a Neanderthal, an extinct species of humans.


Premise: Soft and bendable steel is caused by what?

Hypothesis: This type of heat treatment produces steel that is rather soft and bendable.


Premise: The practice of building ski runs by mechanical means has destroyed what?

Hypothesis: The vegetation has changed since the second half of the 20th century, as the high alpine meadows cease to be harvested for hay or used for grazing which eventually might result in a regrowth of forest.


Premise: Kanye produced the third song from the second album of what artist?

Hypothesis: West produced three of the tracks on Harlem World's first and only album The Movement alongside Jermaine Dupri and the production duo Trackmasters.


Premise: Where was the Mau Mau Uprising?

Hypothesis: British withdrawal from the southern and eastern parts of Africa was not a peaceful process.


Premise: What is suffering also called?

Hypothesis: Sentient beings always suffer throughout saṃsāra until they free themselves from this suffering (dukkha) by attaining Nirvana.


Premise: When was the Church of the Holy Apostles built?

Hypothesis: The Church of the Holy Apostles in Thessaloniki was built in 1310–14.


Premise: Where was the Ferranti Mark 1 sent to after it was developed?

Hypothesis: The Mark 1 in turn quickly became the prototype for the Ferranti Mark 1, the world's first commercially available general-purpose computer.


Premise: When did the US declare independence?

Hypothesis: The following year, in 1776, the United States declared independence.


Premise: When was Citizen Kane released?

Hypothesis: A collector of film memorabilia, Spielberg purchased a balsa Rosebud sled from Citizen Kane (1941) in 1982.


Premise: What is a koofiyad?

Hypothesis: When not dressed in Westernized clothing such as jeans and t-shirts, Somali men typically wear the macawis, which is a sarong-like garment worn around the waist.


Premise: What was federalism and confederalism common meaning in the 18th century?

Hypothesis: In the course of the nineteenth century the meaning of federalism would come to shift, strengthening to refer uniquely to the novel compound political form, while the meaning of confederalism would remain at a league of states.


Premise: Where did the main forces stand?

Hypothesis: In the center the main forces stood at Kars and Gyumri.


Premise: What other property can you assume of wood that is diseased?

Hypothesis: The discoloration is merely an indication of an injury, and in all probability does not of itself affect the properties of the wood.


Premise: Where is the Kuiper belt relative to Neptune?

Hypothesis: The Kuiper belt is a ring of small icy worlds, similar to the asteroid belt but far larger, extending from Neptune's orbit at 30 AU out to about 55 AU from the Sun.


Premise: Mariel Zagunis is notable for winning what?

Hypothesis: With the university having high profile sports teams itself, a number of alumni went on to become involved in athletics outside the university, including professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey players, such as Joe Theismann, Joe Montana, Tim Brown, Ross Browner, Rocket Ismail, Ruth Riley, Jeff Samardzija, Jerome Bettis, Brett Lebda, Olympic gold medalist Mariel Zagunis, professional boxer Mike Lee, former football coaches such as Charlie Weis, Frank Leahy and Knute Rockne, and Basketball Hall of Famers Austin Carr and Adrian Dantley.


Premise: What good fortune from Russia assisted Frederick the Great?

Hypothesis: Russia, on the other hand, made one great invisible gain from the war: the elimination of French influence in Poland.


Premise: For what movie did Beyonce receive  her first Golden Globe nomination?

Hypothesis: Sasha Fierce (2008), which saw the birth of her alter-ego Sasha Fierce and earned a record-setting six Grammy Awards in 2010, including Song of the Year for "Single Ladies


Premise: Where did Nigeria launch its first satellite?

Hypothesis: The satellite was launched from Russia on 27 September 2003.


Premise: How amny FIFA World Player of the Year have members of FC Barcelona won?

Hypothesis: In 2010, the club made history when three players who came through its youth academy (Messi, Iniesta and Xavi) were chosen as the three best players in the world in the FIFA Ballon d'Or awards, an unprecedented feat for players from the same football school.


Premise: How do the other gospels describe Jesus' last words?

Hypothesis: Compared to the accounts in the other Gospels, which he describes as 'theologically correct and reassuring', he considers this phrase 'unexpected, disquieting and in consequence more probable'.


Premise: Where are loading jetties found on Norfolk Island?

Hypothesis: There are no railways, waterways, ports or harbours on the island.


Premise: What types of ions does typical glass have?

Hypothesis: Presence of alkaline metal ions has also detrimental effect to the loss tangent of the glass, and to its electrical resistance; glasses for electronics (sealing, vacuum tubes, lamps...) have to take this in account.


Premise: What continent is the evolution of guinea fowl credited to?

Hypothesis: Guinea fowl originated in southern Africa, and the species most often kept as poultry is the helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris).


Premise: how did they work on college financing

Hypothesis: One of the ways the foundation has sought to increase the number of college graduates is to get them through college faster, but that idea has received some pushback from organizations of universities and colleges.


Premise: How many accounts are there of Jesus' last words?

Hypothesis: Each gospel has its own account of Jesus' last words, seven statements altogether.


Premise: What report caused the UK to worry about resistance?

Hypothesis: However, commonly there are delays in regulatory and legislative actions to limit the use of antibiotics, attributable partly to resistance against such regulation by industries using or selling antibiotics, and to the time required for research to test causal links between their use and resistance to them.


Premise: What agreement has the Southeast Asian countries signed to combat haze pollution?

Hypothesis: In reaction, several countries in Southeast Asia signed the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution to combat haze pollution.


Premise: How long was the Hakata Bay barrier?

Hypothesis: Completed in 1277, this wall stretched for 20 kilometers around the border of the bay.


Premise: What was Nintendo's first approved emulator?

Hypothesis: While individual games have been included with emulators on some GameCube discs, Nintendo's Virtual Console service for the Wii marks the introduction of officially sanctioned general SNES emulation, though SNES9x GX, a port of SNES9x, has been made for the Wii.


Premise: What is Madonna's compilation album called?

Hypothesis: The album was certified diamond by RIAA and sold over 30 million copies worldwide, becoming the best-selling compilation album by a solo artist in history.


Premise: How many people of Manchu descent live in Nanjing?

Hypothesis: The second and third largest minority groups were Manchu (2,311) and Zhuang (533) nationalities.


Premise: Where did Freemasonry first spread?

Hypothesis: One example was the "Illuminati" founded in Bavaria in 1776, which was copied after the Freemasons but was never part of the movement.


Premise: Where do the Plymouth Raiders play their home games?

Hypothesis: Plymouth is also home to Plymouth Marjons Hockey Club, with their 1st XI playing in the National League last season.


Premise: What event led Eisenhower to want to improve highways in the US?

Hypothesis: Noticing the improved ability to move logistics throughout the country, he thought an Interstate Highway System in the U.S. would not only be beneficial for military operations, but provide a measure of continued economic growth.


Premise: Why do people say KInseys work is not correct?

Hypothesis: Kinsey reported that when the individuals' behavior as well as their identity are analyzed, most people appeared to be at least somewhat bisexual — i.e., most people have some attraction to either sex, although usually one sex is preferred.


Premise: What was the play time of a 45 rpm

Hypothesis: The short playing time of a single 45 rpm side meant that long works, such as symphonies, had to be released on multiple 45s instead of a single LP, but RCA claimed that the new high-speed changer rendered side breaks so brief as to be inaudible or inconsequential.


Premise: Timur established the Timurid Empire in Iran in what year?

Hypothesis: In 1370, yet another conqueror, Timur, followed the example of Hulagu, establishing the Timurid Empire which lasted for another 156 years.


Premise: The Directorate of Analysis has an office dedicated to what country?

Hypothesis: There is an office dedicated to Iraq, and regional analytical Offices covering the Near Eastern and South Asian Analysis, the Office of Russian and European Analysis, and the Office of Asian Pacific, Asian Pacific, Latin American, and African Analysis and African Analysis.


Premise: Environmental and human rights groups have created action plans to do what?

Hypothesis: Shell has acknowledged its responsibility for keeping the pipelines new but has also denied responsibility for environmental causes.


Premise: Why did Eisenhower ignore McCarthy?

Hypothesis: To facilitate relations with Congress, Eisenhower decided to ignore McCarthy's controversies and thereby deprive them of more energy from involvement of the White House.


Premise: What conflict was this agreement in opposition of?

Hypothesis: The Eight-Nation Alliance was a belligerent alliance of eight nations against the Boxer Rebellion in China.


Premise: Who supported the reaction against the government?

Hypothesis: Chihuahua showed no desire to imitate the revolutionary movement and Urrea prepared to invade the state.


Premise: What was the primary use of laser read discs?

Hypothesis: Various other laser-based turntables were tried during the 1990s, but while a laser reads the groove very accurately, since it does not touch the record, the dust that vinyl attracts due to static electric charge is not mechanically pushed out of the groove, worsening sound quality in casual use compared to conventional stylus playback.


Premise: What in the use of Sanskrit has influenced Sino-Tibetan languages?

Hypothesis: Many Sanskrit texts survive only in Tibetan collections of commentaries to the Buddhist teachings, the Tengyur.


Premise: What did James Macpherson "translate" from?

Hypothesis: For scholarship they cared no more than had their predecessors, and they did not shrink from making translations from translations in third languages, or from languages that they hardly knew, or—as in the case of James Macpherson's "translations" of Ossian—from texts that were actually of the "translator's" own composition.


Premise: How is hot water referred to by brewers?

Hypothesis: The first step, where the wort is prepared by mixing the starch source (normally malted barley) with hot water, is known as "mashing".


Premise: When did the torch visit New Delhi?

Hypothesis: India: Due to concerns about pro-Tibet protests, the relay through New Delhi on April 17 was cut to just 2.3 km (less than 1.5 miles), which was shared amongst 70 runners.


Premise: How many museums are in Oklahoma?

Hypothesis: The Philbrook Museum of Tulsa is considered one of the top 50 fine art museums in the United States, and the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History in Norman, one of the largest university-based art and history museums in the country, documents the natural history of the region.


Premise: What's the minimum amount of copper a layer in a PCB can have to be considered "heavy copper"?

Hypothesis: The printed circuit board industry defines heavy copper as layers exceeding three ounces of copper, or approximately 0.0042 inches (4.2 mils, 105 μm) thick.


Premise: The brain reaches what percentage of its adult size by the time a person is six years old?

Hypothesis: The human brain is not fully developed by the time a person reaches puberty.


Premise: What ruling forbid the government from executing child rapists?

Hypothesis: In 2008, the Kennedy v. Louisiana decision barred the death penalty for child rape.


Premise: Who wrote De Re Aedificatoria?

Hypothesis: Leon Battista Alberti, who elaborates on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De Re Aedificatoria, saw beauty primarily as a matter of proportion, although ornament also played a part.


Premise: How much has the Amity Foundation designated for disaster relief?

Hypothesis: The Sichuan Ministry of Civil Affairs said that they have provided 30,000 tents for those left homeless.


Premise: What class is the Hexapoda ranked?

Hypothesis: Traditional morphology-based or appearance-based systematics have usually given the Hexapoda the rank of superclass,:180 and identified four groups within it: insects (Ectognatha), springtails (Collembola), Protura, and Diplura, the latter three being grouped together as the Entognatha on the basis of internalized mouth parts.


Premise: What type of animals took longer to reestablish?

Hypothesis: Recent research indicates that the specialized animals that formed complex ecosystems, with high biodiversity, complex food webs and a variety of niches, took much longer to reestablish, recovery did not begin until the start of the mid-Triassic, 4M to 6M years after the extinction and was not complete until 30M years after the Permian–Triassic extinction event.


Premise: Where does 23rd Street end?

Hypothesis: 23rd Street is another main numbered street in Manhattan.


Premise: Why is Captain Fritz Joubert Duquesne famous?

Hypothesis: The most famous escapee was the Boer prisoner of war Captain Fritz Joubert Duquesne who was serving a life sentence for "conspiracy against the British government and on (the charge of) espionage.".


Premise: Where are most of these companies located in an airport?

Hypothesis: Prices charged for items sold at these outlets are generally higher than those outside the airport.


Premise: What type of missiles does the Charles de Gaulle carry?

Hypothesis: Charles de Gaulle is a 42,000 tonne nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, commissioned in 2001 and is the flagship of the French Navy (Marine Nationale).


Premise: How many Americans spoke Czech as their first language as of 2009?

Hypothesis: As of 2009, 70,500 Americans spoke Czech as their first language (49th place nationwide, behind Turkish and ahead of Swedish).


Premise: What secular rulers did the Concordat of Worms increase the power of?

Hypothesis: The emperor saw the protection of the Church as one of his responsibilities as well as wanting to preserve the right to appoint his own choices as bishops within his lands, but the papacy insisted on the Church's independence from secular lords.


Premise: What was the room under the Armenian Mosaic used for?

Hypothesis: The symbolism of the mosaic and the presence of the burial cave indicates that the room was used as a mortuary chapel.


Premise: When were dinosaur tracks found in Emosson?

Hypothesis: Some of the species of moths and insects show evidence of having been indigenous to the area from as long ago as the Alpine orogeny.


Premise: What test is designed to test the fitness of airmen in the USAF?

Hypothesis: As part of the Fit to Fight program, the USAF adopted a more stringent physical fitness assessment; the new fitness program was put into effect on 1 June 2010.


Premise: What is an example of a gymnosperm?

Hypothesis: This is opposed to the earth's current flora, in which the dominant land plants in terms of number of species are angiosperms.


Premise: In what decade was there a significant decline in industrial jobs?

Hypothesis: In the 1970s, job losses due to industrial restructuring caused New York City to suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates.


Premise: What score did CNET give the PS3 out of ten?

Hypothesis: " CNET awarded it a score of 8.8 out of 10 and voted it as its number one "must-have" gadget, praising its robust graphical capabilities and stylish exterior design while criticizing its limited selection of available games.


Premise: When did Dell's internet site gain popularity?

Hypothesis: While the industry’s average selling price to individuals was going down, Dell's was going up, as second- and third-time computer buyers who wanted powerful computers with multiple features and did not need much technical support were choosing Dell.


Premise: What is the study of plants and the environment in which they live?

Hypothesis: The goals of plant ecology are to understand the causes of their distribution patterns, productivity, environmental impact, evolution, and responses to environmental change.


Premise: What technology has allowed for research into the earlier-evolved parts of the brain?

Hypothesis: The increased potential in neuroimaging has also allowed investigation into evolutionarily ancient parts of the brain.


Premise: How long did germans have to relocate from the baltic states after the amendment of secret protocols?

Hypothesis: It also extended trade regulation of the 1940 German–Soviet Commercial Agreement until August 1, 1942, increased deliveries above the levels of year one of that agreement, settled trading rights in the Baltics and Bessarabia, calculated the compensation for German property interests in the Baltic States now occupied by the Soviets and other issues.


Premise: The equipment a player wears is also called a what?

Hypothesis: Headgear is not a required piece of basic equipment, but players today may choose to wear it to protect themselves from head injury.


Premise: How many royal weddings have occurred at the abbey?

Hypothesis: There have been at least 16 royal weddings at the abbey since 1100.


Premise: How much money did overseas Nigerians send home in 2004?

Hypothesis: According to the International Organization for Migration, Nigeria witnessed a dramatic increase in remittances sent home from overseas Nigerians, going from USD 2.3 billion in 2004 to 17.9 billion in 2007.


Premise: What type of government does Tajikistan have?

Hypothesis: It is, however, a dominant-party system, where the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament.


Premise: Who helped finish the Aeneid?

Hypothesis: Sometime after the publication of the Eclogues (probably before 37 BC), Virgil became part of the circle of Maecenas, Octavian's capable agent d'affaires who sought to counter sympathy for Antony among the leading families by rallying Roman literary figures to Octavian's side.


Premise: What pub has the shortest name in the United Kingdom?

Hypothesis: The Old 13th Cheshire Rifleman Corps Inn and the Q Inn.


Premise: Why were naval skirmishes not really seen in the Korean War?

Hypothesis: Because neither Korea had a significant navy, the Korean War featured few naval battles.


Premise: What animal on dairy farms is affected by timing?

Hypothesis: Their cows are sensitive to the timing of milking, so delivering milk earlier disrupts their systems.


Premise: How many stages can predation be divided into?

Hypothesis: The act of predation can be broken down into a maximum of four stages: Detection of prey, attack, capture and finally consumption.


Premise: What organization regulates building heights in San Diego?

Hypothesis: As time went on multiple buildings claimed the title of San Diego's tallest skyscraper, including the Union Bank of California Building and Symphony Towers.


Premise: Many pipelines owned by Shell in the Niger Delta are described as what?

Hypothesis: Many pipelines in the Niger-Delta owned by Shell are old and corroded.


Premise: Who was the central theme of the mosaics at Tsromi?

Hypothesis: Its central figure was Christ standing and displaying a scroll with Georgian text.


Premise: What city had some of the last buildings to fall in 1945?

Hypothesis: Several in Berlin were some of the last buildings to fall to the Soviets during the Battle of Berlin in 1945.


Premise: What were the countries who supported the US's post-9/11 invasions called?

Hypothesis: Even so, many of the "coalition of the willing" countries that unconditionally supported the U.S.-led military action have sent troops to Afghanistan, particular neighboring Pakistan, which has disowned its earlier support for the Taliban and contributed tens of thousands of soldiers to the conflict.


Premise: What type of copy can gene duplication sometimes result in?

Hypothesis: Sometimes, gene duplication may result in a nonfunctional copy of a gene, or a functional copy may be subject to mutations that result in loss of function; such nonfunctional genes are called pseudogenes.:7.6


Premise: What principles of architecture was the Alvorada designed with?

Hypothesis: The principles of simplicity and modernity, that in the past characterized the great works of architecture, motivated Niemeyer.


Premise: On what day does St John's Day occur?

Hypothesis: This was reduced in 1895 to the titles and a memorandum of the object and purport of the act, and, since 1988, only the short title and a summary of the long title have been read.


Premise: What buddhism recognizes sutras of Chinese origin?

Hypothesis: In addition, East Asian Buddhism recognizes some sutras regarded by scholars as of Chinese rather than Indian origin.


Premise: Reactive responses are present in the brains of what animals?

Hypothesis: Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain.


Premise: Why did the iron, copper and silver mines fail?

Hypothesis: Following the industrial revolution, the old iron, copper and silver mines declined because the competition from imported metal was too strong.


Premise: When did Hong Taiji die?

Hypothesis: Hong Taiji died suddenly in September 1643 without a designated heir.


Premise: How many children worked?

Hypothesis: Over time, as real wages rose, parents became able to afford to send their children to school instead of work and as a result child labour declined, both before and after legislation.


Premise: Where is the present city of Cork located geographically?

Hypothesis: The present extent of the city has exceeded the medieval boundaries of the Barony of Cork City; it now takes in much of the neighbouring Barony of Cork.


Premise: In what year did the first communist country open its borders to all foreign visitors?

Hypothesis: His plan called for Arabs to recognize the state of Israel in exchange for territories Israel gained.


Premise: When was penicillin G first purified?

Hypothesis: Florey and Chain succeeded in purifying the first penicillin, penicillin G, in 1942, but it did not become widely available outside the Allied military before 1945.


Premise: What comedy production did Spectre actors appear in?

Hypothesis: In the sketch, they film a behind-the-scenes mockumentary on the filming of Spectre.


Premise: What term is used to describe the altitude for a gun to shoot shells against a target that is moving?

Hypothesis: The British adopted "effective ceiling", meaning the altitude at which a gun could deliver a series of shells against a moving target; this could be constrained by maximum fuse running time as well as the gun's capability.


Premise: What were French families forced to do during the German reannexation?

Hypothesis: The population was forced to speak German and 'French' family names were Germanized.


Premise: Who was president of the Philippines circa 1939?

Hypothesis: He also learned to fly, making a solo flight over the Philippines in 1937 and obtained his private pilot's license in 1939 at Fort Lewis.


Premise: Who were the parties in the Treaty of Hubertusburg?

Hypothesis: The Treaty of Hubertusburg, between Austria, Prussia, and Saxony, was signed on February 15, 1763, at a hunting lodge between Dresden and Leipzig.


Premise: When did Japan invade all of China?

Hypothesis: Even children, the elderly, and nuns are reported to have suffered at the hands of the Imperial Japanese Army.


Premise: Who tried to shut the topless bar down?

Hypothesis: In Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!, he gives advice on the best way to pick up a girl in a hostess bar.


Premise: What is limited by the ignorance of humanity?

Hypothesis: Human ignorance about the countless interactions between the organisms of an ecosystem limits our ability to manipulate nature.


Premise: What is Liberia's highest judicial authority?

Hypothesis: Liberia's highest judicial authority is the Supreme Court, made up of five members and headed by the Chief Justice of Liberia.