Premise: Who was the host of American idol in its thirteenth season?

Hypothesis: Randy Jackson and Keith Urban returned, though Jackson moved from the judging panel to the role of in-mentor.


Premise: What was the settlement originally named?

Hypothesis: The settlement was named Batmania after Batman.


Premise: Why did the ECB intervene during the subprime mortgage crisis?

Hypothesis: In December 2007, the ECB decided in conjunction with the Federal Reserve System under a programme called Term auction facility to improve dollar liquidity in the eurozone and to stabilise the money market.


Premise: What type of objects did Hedley collect on Funafuti

Hypothesis: Hedley also wrote the General Account of the Atoll of Funafuti, The Ethnology of Funafuti, and The Mollusca of Funafuti.


Premise: About how much money did Napoleon's army take from Italy during the conflict there?

Hypothesis: He met Talleyrand, France's new Foreign Minister—who later served in the same capacity for Emperor Napoleon—and they began to prepare for an invasion of Britain.


Premise: What 3 types of philosophies attempt to correct the problem with matter and energy without removing every belief about materialism?

Hypothesis: If matter and energy are seen as necessary to explain the physical world, but incapable of explaining mind, dualism results.


Premise: In what century did some German-trained classicists in the US suggest modifying the common usage to Vergil?

Hypothesis: Alternatively, some argue that Vergilius was altered to Virgilius by analogy with the Latin virga ("wand") due to the magical or prophetic powers attributed to Virgil in the Middle Ages (this explanation is found in only a handful of manuscripts, however, and was probably not widespread).


Premise: How much solar energy is captured by photosynthesis?

Hypothesis: The amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the planet is so vast that in one year it is about twice as much as will ever be obtained from all of the Earth's non-renewable resources of coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined,


Premise: What does the theocratic organization of Jehovah Witnesses reflect on Earth?

Hypothesis: The organization is led by the Governing Body—an all-male group that varies in size, but since early 2014 has comprised seven members,[note 1] all of whom profess to be of the "anointed" class with a hope of heavenly life—based in the Watch Tower Society's Brooklyn headquarters.


Premise: How was the reclassification of documents in '06 revealed?

Hypothesis: In March 2006, it was revealed by the Archivist of the United States in a public hearing that a memorandum of understanding between NARA and various government agencies existed to "reclassify", i.e., withdraw from public access, certain documents in the name of national security, and to do so in a manner such that researchers would not be likely to discover the process (the U.S. reclassification program).


Premise: What was Burke's mother's maiden name?

Hypothesis: His mother Mary née Nagle (c. 1702 – 1770) was a Roman Catholic who hailed from a déclassé County Cork family (and a cousin of Nano Nagle), whereas his father, a successful solicitor, Richard (died 1761), was a member of the Church of Ireland; it remains unclear whether this is the same Richard Burke who converted from Catholicism.


Premise: When were the first supplemental LTRO's offered?

Hypothesis: The first tender was settled 3 April, and was more than four times oversubscribed.


Premise: What percentage of New Delhi's population is Muslim?

Hypothesis: There are also communities of Muslims (12.9%), Sikhs (5.4%), Jains (1.1%) and Christians (0.9%) in Delhi.


Premise: What organization created the Cryptologic Spectrum?

Hypothesis: In 2013 a lot of media coverage was given to unclassified NSA's study in Cryptologic Spectrum that concluded that Tito did not speak the language as a native, and had features of other Slavic languages (Russian and Polish).


Premise: While light, the Bofors 40mm were powerful enough to take down what size aircraft?

Hypothesis: The British had already arranged licence building of the Bofors 40 mm, and introduced these into service.


Premise: What effect do cages have on the spectrum of usable frequencies?

Hypothesis: This widens the bandwidth of the resonance.


Premise: When was the bipolar transistor created?

Hypothesis: The bipolar transistor was invented in 1947.


Premise: What did American settlers call the Cherokee who attacked Fort Watuaga in 1776?

Hypothesis: During the American Revolutionary War, Fort Watauga at Sycamore Shoals (in present-day Elizabethton) was attacked (1776) by Dragging Canoe and his warring faction of Cherokee who were aligned with the British Loyalists.


Premise: What did fallibilism say?

Hypothesis: Among Peirce's major contributions was to place inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning in a complementary rather than competitive mode, the latter of which had been the primary trend among the educated since David Hume wrote a century before.


Premise: Where was the priory of Poissy located?

Hypothesis: It survived in the minds of the nuns.


Premise: What year was the World Trade Center Montevideo constructed?

Hypothesis: As the capital of Uruguay, Montevideo is the economic and political centre of the country.


Premise: What happened to the people that sentenced Priscillian to death?

Hypothesis: One of the first examples of the word as translated from the Nag Hammadi's Apocalypse of Peter was" they will cleave to the name of a dead man thinking that they will become pure.


Premise: LEDs can send data over what type of cable?

Hypothesis: For some time, computers were commonly equipped with IrDA interfaces, which allowed them to send and receive data to nearby machines via infrared.


Premise: What were lodges called that included women?

Hypothesis: Later organisations with a similar aim emerged in the United States, but distinguished the names of the degrees from those of male masonry.


Premise: According to the 2000 United States Census, how many housing units were there in Atlantic City?

Hypothesis: As of the 2000 United States Census there were 40,517 people, 15,848 households, and 8,700 families residing in the city.


Premise: What is Miami's street plan called?

Hypothesis: Miami's road system is based along the numerical "Miami Grid" where Flagler Street forms the east-west baseline and Miami Avenue forms the north-south meridian.


Premise: When was anthropology used as a term for comparative anatomy?

Hypothesis: Sporadic use of the term for some of the subject matter occurred subsequently, such as the use by Étienne Serres in 1838 to describe the natural history, or paleontology, of man, based on comparative anatomy, and the creation of a chair in anthropology and ethnography in 1850 at the National Museum of Natural History (France) by Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau.


Premise: What does a metastable isotope do to return to ground state from an excited state?

Hypothesis: The nucleus of a metastable isotope is in an excited state and will return to the ground state by emitting a photon in the form of a gamma ray.


Premise: When did royal weddings begin at the church?

Hypothesis: Since 1066, when Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror were crowned, the coronations of English and British monarchs have been held there.


Premise: When was Tito brought to Russia as a prisoner of war?

Hypothesis: In 1918 he was brought to Omsk, Russia, as a prisoner of war.


Premise: When was the UGLE formed?

Hypothesis: When the UGLE was formed in 1813, all U.S.-based Lodges were stricken from their rolls – due largely to the War of 1812.


Premise: Which European first saw the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: On August 21, he sighted an island (probably Taongi) at 14°N that he named "San Bartolome".


Premise: who was the resident of the Ministry of Sound?

Hypothesis: One of the early anthemic tunes, "Promised Land" by Joe Smooth, was covered and charted within a week by the Style Council.


Premise: A sate of unrestrained political corruption is known as what?

Hypothesis: A state of unrestrained political corruption is known as a kleptocracy, literally meaning "rule by thieves".


Premise: How would you distribute power to allow for a greater gain?

Hypothesis: Even in omnidirectional (or weakly directional) antennas, the gain can often be increased by concentrating more of its power in the horizontal directions, sacrificing power radiated toward the sky and ground.


Premise: Near what town was Gaddafi's birthplace of Qasr Abu Hadi?

Hypothesis: Muammar Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya.


Premise: What is a pub game that is popular in many beer drinking nations?

Hypothesis: Beer forms part of the culture of beer-drinking nations and is associated with social traditions such as beer festivals, as well as a rich pub culture involving activities like pub crawling, and pub games such as bar billiards.


Premise: What was prepared at the Ecole Biblique?

Hypothesis: It is at the École Biblique that the famed Jerusalem Bible (both editions) was prepared.


Premise: Who consulted a witch before the battle of Pharsalus?

Hypothesis: She and her clients are portrayed as undermining the natural order of gods, mankind and destiny.


Premise: How many boroughs had high (not very high) HDI scores?

Hypothesis: Benito Juárez borough had the highest HDI of the country (.9510) followed by Miguel Hidalgo which came up 4th nationally with a HDI of (.9189)


Premise: Along with the Eagle and Child, at what pub did the Inklings regularly meet?

Hypothesis: The Eagle in Cambridge is where Francis Crick interrupted patrons' lunchtime on 28 February 1953 to announce that he and James Watson had "discovered the secret of life" after they had come up with their proposal for the structure of DNA.


Premise: Europe has a large market for what?

Hypothesis: When Germany could no longer afford war payments, Wall Street invested heavily in European debts to keep the European economy afloat as a large consumer market for American mass-produced goods.


Premise: On which date did Chelsea host an entirely foreign starting line-up and therefore become the first team to do so?

Hypothesis: At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93, just eleven players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches hailed from outside of the United Kingdom or Ireland.


Premise: Who did Gaddafi accuse the Libyan rebels of being linked to?

Hypothesis: Shocked at the government's response, a number of senior politicians resigned or defected to the protesters' side.


Premise: Where was the BBC's second studio located?

Hypothesis: The BBC began its own regular television programming from the basement of Broadcasting House, London, on 22 August 1932.


Premise: What Swiss holiday is celebrated on August 1st every year?

Hypothesis: The country has a long history of armed neutrality—it has not been in a state of war internationally since 1815—and did not join the United Nations until 2002.


Premise: What is the oldest park in the city?

Hypothesis: Strasbourg features a number of prominent parks, of which several are of cultural and historical interest: the Parc de l'Orangerie, laid out as a French garden by André le Nôtre and remodeled as an English garden on behalf of Joséphine de Beauharnais, now displaying noteworthy French gardens, a neo-classical castle and a small zoo; the Parc de la Citadelle, built around impressive remains of the 17th-century fortress erected close to the Rhine by Vauban; the Parc de Pourtalès, laid out in English style around a baroque castle (heavily restored in the 19th century) that now houses a small three-star hotel, and featuring an open-air museum of international contemporary sculpture.


Premise: What company bought the presidential Boeing 727 after Tito's death?

Hypothesis: By 1974 the Yugoslav President had at his disposal 32 official residences, larger and small, the yacht Galeb ("seagull"), a Boeing 727 as the presidential airplane, and the Blue Train.


Premise: What did culture refer to in practice?

Hypothesis: In other words, the idea of "culture" that developed in Europe during the 18th and early 19th centuries reflected inequalities within European societies.


Premise: In what language states is Sanskrit considered an option?

Hypothesis: The CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) of India, along with several other state education boards, has made Sanskrit an alternative option to the state's own official language as a second or third language choice in the schools it governs.


Premise: Who populated the area between the Baltic Sea and the Black sea before Kievan Rus?

Hypothesis: In the south, in the area around Kiev, were the Poliane, a group of Slavicized tribes with Iranian origins, the Drevliane to the west of the Dnieper, and the Severiane to the east.


Premise: Who is the only one who has the authority to stop the game when something is wron?

Hypothesis: Opposing players may try to regain control of the ball by intercepting a pass or through tackling the opponent in possession of the ball; however, physical contact between opponents is restricted.


Premise: What do Jehovah Witnesses consider all other present day religions to be?

Hypothesis: They consider all other present-day religions to be false, identifying them with "Babylon the Great", or the "harlot", of Revelation 17, and believe that they will soon be destroyed by the United Nations, which they believe is represented in scripture by the scarlet-colored wild beast of Revelation chapter 17.


Premise: Which contestant was saved with the first Judges' Save?

Hypothesis: There were 13 finalists this season, but two were eliminated in the first result show of the finals.


Premise: On English cathedrals, where is a tower almost always found?

Hypothesis: The west front may have two towers like a French Cathedral, or none.


Premise: What temperature characteristic determines a temperate glacier?

Hypothesis: The ice of a polar glacier is always below freezing point from the surface to its base, although the surface snowpack may experience seasonal melting.


Premise: Who did the Republicans want to block with an Eisenhower candidacy in 1952?

Hypothesis: President Truman, symbolizing a broad-based desire for an Eisenhower candidacy for president, again in 1951 pressed him to run for the office as a Democrat.


Premise: In what neighborhood did the Stonewall riots occur?

Hypothesis: The Stonewall riots were a series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations by members of the gay community against a police raid that took place in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan.


Premise: When was the International Photography Hall of Fame relocated?

Hypothesis: IPHF honors those who have made significant contributions to the art and/or science of photography and relocated to St. Louis, Missouri in 2013.


Premise: When did Boston stop being known for it's garment production and leather goods?

Hypothesis: Until the early 20th century, Boston remained one of the nation's largest manufacturing centers and was notable for its garment production and leather-goods industries.


Premise: Besides its uses as language of religions, for what other application can Sanskrit be used?

Hypothesis: Sanskrit (/ˈsænskrɪt/; Sanskrit: saṃskṛtam [səmskr̩t̪əm] or saṃskṛta, originally saṃskṛtā vāk, "refined speech") is the primary sacred language of Hinduism, a philosophical language in Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism and Jainism, and a literary language that was in use as a lingua franca in Greater India.


Premise: Prior to being a formal legal term, how was the word "genocide" used in an indictment scenario?

Hypothesis: According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that eliminate key elements of the group's basic existence, including language, culture, and economic infrastructure.”


Premise: What are ribosomes in endospores are enclosed in?

Hypothesis: In almost all cases, one endospore is formed and this is not a reproductive process, although Anaerobacter can make up to seven endospores in a single cell.


Premise: How many Bronx residents called themselves "Sub-Saharan African" in 2009?

Hypothesis: At the 2009 American Community Survey, Black Americans made the second largest group in the Bronx after Hispanics and Latinos.


Premise: Do those who from Greek descent desire an education from other parts of the world ?

Hypothesis: As of 2007, Greece had the eighth highest percentage of tertiary enrollment in the world (with the percentages for female students being higher than for male) while Greeks of the Diaspora are equally active in the field of education.


Premise: What is the area of the home heated by a stove called?

Hypothesis: The kitchen is separated from the living area (called the stube, the area of the home heated by a stove), and second-floor bedrooms benefit from rising heat.


Premise: What English law was enacted in order to forcibly reduce wages?

Hypothesis: Attempts by landowners to forcibly reduce wages, such as the English 1351 Statute of Laborers, were doomed to fail.


Premise: When was Dewey born?

Hypothesis: John Dewey (1859–1952) modified James' pragmatism to form a theory known as instrumentalism.


Premise: Who was a former Ottoman high-ranking officer?

Hypothesis: Mustafa Kemal, its founder, a former Ottoman high-ranking officer, was insistent on this social revolution, which, among other changes, liberated women from the strait rules still in effect in most Arabic-speaking countries.


Premise: On which street is the A.C. Goode House located?

Hypothesis: Some of the most architecturally noteworthy historic buildings include the World Heritage Site-listed Royal Exhibition Building, constructed over a two-year period for the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880, A.C. Goode House, a Neo Gothic building located on Collins Street designed by Wright, Reed & Beaver (1891), William Pitt's Venetian Gothic style Old Stock Exchange (1888), William Wardell's Gothic Bank (1883) which features some of Melbourne's finest interiors, the incomplete Parliament House, St Paul's Cathedral (1891) and Flinders Street Station (1909), which was the busiest commuter railway station in the world in the mid-1920s.


Premise: How many different PS3s can one user access?

Hypothesis: The NDRM allows users to access the data from up to 2 different PlayStation 3's that have been activated using a user's PlayStation Network ID.


Premise: What linguistic event in English could we parallel with the Dutch lowering of diphthongs?

Hypothesis: Stroop theorizes that the lowering of open-mid to open diphthongs is a phonetically "natural" and inevitable development and that Dutch, after having diphthongised the long high vowels like German and English, "should" have lowered the diphthongs like German and English as well.


Premise: Which bird is capable of non-stop flights of up to 6,300 miles?

Hypothesis: Seabirds also undertake long migrations, the longest annual migration being those of sooty shearwaters, which nest in New Zealand and Chile and spend the northern summer feeding in the North Pacific off Japan, Alaska and California, an annual round trip of 64,000 km (39,800 mi).


Premise: In what borough is the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts located?

Hypothesis: The Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute is in Union Square, and Tisch School of the Arts is based at New York University, while Central Park SummerStage presents performances of free plays and music in Central Park.


Premise: What hides the stubs of a tree's lost limbs from being visible later in its life?

Hypothesis: Subsequent growth of wood may completely conceal the stubs which will however remain as knots.


Premise: What was the dominant plant species of the Mesozoic?

Hypothesis: The dominant land plant species of the time were gymnosperms, which are vascular, cone-bearing, non-flowering plants such as conifers that produce seeds without a coating.


Premise: How many people were single in Bern in 2000?

Hypothesis: As of 2000[update], there were 59,948 people who were single and never married in the municipality.


Premise: Who reported that South Korea's military was not ready for combat?

Hypothesis: There were no large foreign military garrisons in Korea at the time of the invasion, but there were large U.S. garrisons and air forces in Japan.


Premise: How many texts in the Sumerian language have survived to modern day?

Hypothesis: Sumerian continued to be the language of religion and law in Mesopotamia long after Semitic speakers had become dominant.


Premise: How is data stored on DVDs?

Hypothesis: On DVDs, data is stored in the form of digital blocks which make up each independent frame.


Premise: When was Brussels Town Hall built?

Hypothesis: The Belfry of Bruges or Brussels Town Hall, built during the 15th century, are associated to the increasing wealth and power of the bourgeoisie in the late Middle Ages; by the 15th century, the traders of the trade cities of Burgundy had acquired such wealth and influence that they could afford to express their power by funding lavishly decorated buildings of vast proportions.


Premise: What country was Saxony aligned with?

Hypothesis: First, he would seize Saxony and eliminate it as a threat to Prussia, then using the Saxon army and treasury to aid the Prussian war effort.


Premise: How often are elections held for the City Parliament?

Hypothesis: It is made up of 80 members, with elections held every four years.


Premise: What was the name of Matare and Welker's transistor?

Hypothesis: Using this knowledge, he began researching the phenomenon of "interference" in 1947.


Premise: How much is the population predicted to grow by 2035?

Hypothesis: It eventually reached a low of 1,488,710 residents in 2006 before beginning to rise again.


Premise: What mountains does that region include?

Hypothesis: In addition to the true folded mountains, known as the ridge and valley province, the area of dissected plateau to the north and west of the mountains is usually grouped with the Appalachians.


Premise: Decay can spread to all of what part of a tree?

Hypothesis: It is remarkable that the inner heartwood of old trees remains as sound as it usually does, since in many cases it is hundreds, and in a few instances thousands, of years old.


Premise: What is not very well developed in Peru?

Hypothesis: This is perhaps no more apparent than in the country's Amazonian regions where indigenous societies continue to struggle against state-sponsored economic abuses, cultural discrimination, and pervasive violence.


Premise: What country does Akiko Komoto come from?

Hypothesis: her on-screen dialog is often accompanied by a babble of pseudo-speech, which was produced by scrambling the phonemes of English phrases[better source needed] sampled by Japanese voice actress Akiko Kōmoto.


Premise: Who built the Harwell CADET?

Hypothesis: That distinction goes to the Harwell CADET of 1955, built by the electronics division of the Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell.


Premise: What is a primary reason that ships have shorter runways than land runways have?

Hypothesis: The flight deck is where the most notable differences between a carrier and a land runway are found.


Premise: What is the level of copper in the human body?

Hypothesis: The human body contains copper at a level of about 1.4 to 2.1 mg per kg of body mass.


Premise: What genre of artists has recently turned to house music to add mass appeal?

Hypothesis: Many hip hop and R&B artists also turn to house music to add a mass appeal to the music they produce.


Premise: Where did Arthur Holly Compton work before returning to Washington University?

Hypothesis: After working for many years at the University of Chicago, Arthur Holly Compton returned to St. Louis in 1946 to serve as Washington University's ninth chancellor.


Premise: What interchangeable terms did Homer use in his poems for Greeks ?

Hypothesis: Homer uses the terms Achaeans and Danaans (Δαναοί) as a generic term for Greeks in Iliad, and they were probably a part of the Mycenean civilization.


Premise: What are the two categories of public funding?

Hypothesis: Funding may be equal for all parties or depend on the results of previous elections or the number of candidates participating in an election.


Premise: When was the infrastructure of the postal service destroyed?

Hypothesis: In order to fill the vacuum, Somali Post signed an agreement in 2003 with the United Arab Emirates' Emirates Post to process mail to and from Somalia.


Premise: In terms of economy the downtown portion is responsible for what?

Hypothesis: The downtown area provides about half of the city's jobs and half of its tax base and in recent years has become filled with dozens of new upscale restaurants, several of which have garnered national praise (such as Ibiza, recognized by Esquire and Wine Spectator magazines as well as the New York Times as the best Spanish food in the country), in addition to shops and thousands of apartments and condominium units which subsequently help overall growth of the city.


Premise: When was a settlement developed in Tell Qaramel?

Hypothesis: Around 10,700 to 9,400 BC a settlement was established in Tell Qaramel, 10 miles north of Aleppo.


Premise: What is Melbourne's main regional train and coach terminus called?

Hypothesis: The main metropolitan train terminus is Flinders Street Station, and the main regional train and coach terminus is Southern Cross Station.


Premise: Of what Congressional district is Seattle a part?

Hypothesis: Federally, Seattle is part of Washington's 7th congressional district, represented by Democrat Jim McDermott, elected in 1988 and one of Congress's liberal members.


Premise: What type of penalty can importing plants and animals into Antarctica bring?

Hypothesis: The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), a treaty that came into force in 1980, requires that regulations managing all Southern Ocean fisheries consider potential effects on the entire Antarctic ecosystem.


Premise: What kind program is commonly used to move files between iTunes and an iPod?

Hypothesis: Unlike many other MP3 players, simply copying audio or video files to the drive with a typical file management application will not allow an iPod to properly access them.


Premise: In addition to a license to sell spirits, what did tavern owners require a license to sell?

Hypothesis: There was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown.


Premise: What style from the United States used many elements of Georgian style but with revolutionary symbols?

Hypothesis: After about 1840, Georgian conventions were slowly abandoned as a number of revival styles, including Gothic Revival, that had originated in the Georgian period, developed and contested in Victorian architecture, and in the case of Gothic became better researched, and closer to their originals.


Premise: What series of books does Gray say Bell would go to sleep reading?

Hypothesis: Bell's inventions spanned a wide range of interests and included a metal jacket to assist in breathing, the audiometer to detect minor hearing problems, a device to locate icebergs, investigations on how to separate salt from seawater, and work on finding alternative fuels.


Premise: What does CBC use unallotted airtime for?

Hypothesis: Its French counterpart, Ici Radio-Canada Télé, still signs off every night.


Premise: Which programfacilitates the exchange students across Europe?

Hypothesis: The European Socrates-Erasmus Program facilitates exchanges across European universities.


Premise: What type of stone was supplied in the county

Hypothesis: The county has a long tradition of supplying freestone and building stone.


Premise: What did Nasser do to the canal?

Hypothesis: Moreover, he feared that if the armored corps was dispatched to confront the Israeli invading force and the British and French subsequently landed in the canal city of Port Said, Egyptian armor in the Sinai would be cut off from the canal and destroyed by the combined tripartite forces.


Premise: How much organic cotton was produced worldwide in 2007?

Hypothesis: Organic cotton is generally understood as cotton from plants not genetically modified and that is certified to be grown without the use of any synthetic agricultural chemicals, such as fertilizers or pesticides.


Premise: Why did Yongle Emperor send Yang Sanbao into Tibet?

Hypothesis: Shih-Shan Henry Tsai writes that the Yongle Emperor sent his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet in 1413 to gain the allegiance of various Tibetan princes, while the Yongle Emperor paid a small fortune in return gifts for tributes in order to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states such as Nepal and Tibet.


Premise: When was a free-travel area created betwen Northern Ireland and Ireland?

Hypothesis: However, since the partition of Ireland, an informal free-travel area had existed across the region.


Premise: What can typically cause mass extinctions?

Hypothesis: Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinctions.


Premise: What made the Timoto-cuicas so advanced?

Hypothesis: The most advanced native people to have lived in present-day Venezuela is thought to have been the Timoto-cuicas, who mainly lived in the Venezuelan Andes.


Premise: What is another name Melbourne Airport is called?

Hypothesis: The main passenger airport serving the metropolis and the state is Melbourne Airport (also called Tullamarine Airport), which is the second busiest in Australia, and


Premise: In what year did the American Medical Association approve amphetamine for medical use?

Hypothesis: It received approval as a New and Nonofficial Remedy from the American Medical Association for these uses in 1937 and remained in common use for depression until the development of tricyclic antidepressants in the 1960s.


Premise: Give one example of how energy can be transferred between systems?

Hypothesis: Examples include the transmission of electromagnetic energy via photons, physical collisions which transfer kinetic energy,[note 5] and the conductive transfer of thermal energy.


Premise: Equestrianism regained importance in Montevideo after what?

Hypothesis: Montevideo is also a centre of rugby; equestrianism, which regained importance in Montevideo after the Maroñas Racecourse reopened; golf, with the Club de Punta Carretas; and yachting, with the Puerto del Buceo, an ideal place to moor yachts.


Premise: In 1740, what fraction of London drinking establishments were gin shops?

Hypothesis: Over half of the 15,000 drinking establishments in London were gin shops.


Premise: When was the most recent Bicycle Friendly Community Award given to Santa Monica?

Hypothesis: Santa Monica has received the Bicycle Friendly Community Award (Bronze in 2009, Silver in 2013) by the League of American Bicyclists.


Premise: During what era did Galician literature emerge?

Hypothesis: A distinct Galician Literature emerged during the Middle Ages:


Premise: Who almost picked up Kanye but was ultimately swayed?

Hypothesis: Jay-Z later admitted that Roc-A-Fella was initially reluctant to support West as a rapper, claiming that many saw him as a producer first and foremost, and that his background contrasted with that of his labelmates.


Premise: What is the libson treaty?

Hypothesis: Much like the US system, the Australian Constitution allocates to the Federal government (the Commonwealth of Australia) the power to make laws about certain specified matters which were considered too difficult for the States to manage, so that the States retain all other areas of responsibility.


Premise: In what year did Eisenhower have a heart attack?

Hypothesis: During his recovery from a heart attack late in 1955, he huddled with his closest advisors to evaluate the GOP's potential candidates; the group, in addition to his doctor, concluded a second term was well advised, and he announced in February 1956 he would run again.


Premise: For what competition did Arsenal use the yellow and blue away kit?

Hypothesis: This kit was worn in the 1971 FA Cup Final as Arsenal beat Liverpool to secure the double for the first time in their history.


Premise: Who expounded the earliest recorded Western philosophy of time?

Hypothesis: The Vedas, the earliest texts on Indian philosophy and Hindu philosophy, dating back to the late 2nd millennium BC, describe ancient Hindu cosmology, in which the universe goes through repeated cycles of creation, destruction, and rebirth, with each cycle lasting 4,320,000 years.


Premise: Previous to the Newer Orthography what orthography was in place?

Hypothesis: Modern Estonian orthography is based on the Newer Orthography created by Eduard Ahrens in the second half of the 19th century based on Finnish orthography.


Premise: What is the final of the three steps of Freemasonry?

Hypothesis: During these three rituals, the candidate is progressively taught the meanings of the Lodge symbols, and entrusted with grips, signs and words to signify to other Masons that he has been so initiated.


Premise: What was the name of the ship the Pitcairners traveled on to Norfolk Island?

Hypothesis: On 3 May 1856, 193 persons left Pitcairn Islands aboard the "Morayshire".


Premise: The August 2009 cost is a result of what percentage decrease in production cost?

Hypothesis: As of January 2008, each unit cost around $400 to manufacture; by August 2009, Sony had reduced costs by a total of 70%, meaning it only costs Sony around $240 per unit.


Premise: Which old english word does the word "green" originate from?

Hypothesis: The modern English word green comes from the Middle English and Anglo-Saxon word grene, from the same Germanic root as the words "grass" and "grow".


Premise: The color issue was not settled until when?

Hypothesis: The color issue was not settled until Kenya became independent in 1963, ending the last vestige of the British Empire.


Premise: Which historians wrote early in John's life?

Hypothesis: One group of chroniclers wrote early in John's life, or around the time of his accession, including Richard of Devizes, William of Newburgh, Roger of Hoveden and Ralph de Diceto.


Premise: What type of magazine is L'Officiel?

Hypothesis: A statement released from a spokesperson for the magazine said that Beyoncé's look was "far from the glamorous Sasha Fierce" and that it was "a return to her African roots".


Premise: How high of a temperature change can glass-ceramics handle?

Hypothesis: the glass-ceramic has a net CTE near zero.


Premise: What worship system is central to Hinduism?

Hypothesis: Anyone who worships a divinity other than the Self is called a domestic animal of the gods in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad.


Premise: When was Scott Sanderson acquired from Montreal?

Hypothesis: In spring training, moves continued: LF Gary Matthews and CF Bobby Dernier came from Philadelphia on March 26, for Bill Campbell and a minor leaguer.


Premise: The Germans developed the Lorenz into what system?

Hypothesis: The Germans developed the short-range Lorenz system into the Knickebein aid, a system which used two Lorenz beams with much stronger signal transmissions.


Premise: According to actor Tom Hiddleston, that is special about Eton?

Hypothesis: They champion the talent of the individual and that’s what’s special about it".


Premise: What does the USB 3.1 standard increase?

Hypothesis: The USB 3.1 standard increases the data signaling rate to 10 Gbit/s in the USB 3.1 Gen2 mode, double that of USB 3.0 (referred to as USB 3.1 Gen1) and reduces line encoding overhead to just 3% by changing the encoding scheme to 128b/132b.


Premise: What did India declare Hyderabad om 2012?

Hypothesis: In 2012, the government of India declared Hyderabad the first "Best heritage city of India".


Premise: Was Saint Athanasius willing or unwilling to fill the vacancy?

Hypothesis: He was most unwilling to accept the dignity, for he clearly foresaw the difficulties in which it would involve him.


Premise: New Delhi's service sector has expanded largely due to skilled workers that speak what language?

Hypothesis: The city's service sector has expanded due in part to the large skilled English-speaking workforce that has attracted many multinational companies.


Premise: Sir Richard Blackmore committed what system to verse in Creation?

Hypothesis: Sir Richard Blackmore committed the Newtonian system to verse in Creation, a Philosophical Poem in Seven Books (1712).


Premise: When did the temporary Japanese rule end in Burma?

Hypothesis: Beginning in late 1944, allied troops launched a series of offensives that led to the end of Japanese rule in July 1945.


Premise: In which centuries was the Age of Discovery?

Hypothesis: A series of wars in the 17th and 18th centuries with the Netherlands and France left England (and then, following union between England and Scotland in 1707, Great Britain) the dominant colonial power in North America and India.


Premise: How many sea animals live in Earth's polar regions?

Hypothesis: More surprising are small forms of life such as mudworms, sea cucumbers and free-swimming snails found in both polar oceans.


Premise: North Carolina was the twelth state to ratify what document?

Hypothesis: In 1840, it completed the state capitol building in Raleigh, still standing today.


Premise: What was the official language of the Ottoman Empire?

Hypothesis: Ottoman Turkish was the official language of the Empire.


Premise: How did the French plan to transport their troops to Britain for the invasion?

Hypothesis: The French planned to invade the British Isles during 1759 by accumulating troops near the mouth of the Loire and concentrating their Brest and Toulon fleets.


Premise: Which are the first areas to be pruned during puberty?

Hypothesis: The first areas of the brain to be pruned are those involving primary functions, such as motor and sensory areas.


Premise: What system of government was constitution based on?

Hypothesis: The new government drafted and implemented a constitution in 1923 based on a parliamentary system.


Premise: In what year was The Sun's look changed?

Hypothesis: The average circulation for The Sun on Sunday in March 2014 was 1,686,840; but in May 2015 The Mail on Sunday sold more copies for the first time, an average of 28,650 over those of its rival: 1,497,855 to 1,469,195.


Premise: When was the Sheffield Scientific School created?

Hypothesis: Yale expanded gradually, establishing the Yale School of Medicine (1810), Yale Divinity School (1822), Yale Law School (1843), Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1847), the Sheffield Scientific School (1847), and the Yale School of Fine Arts (1869).


Premise: When did Harry Catterick manage the Everton Football Club?

Hypothesis: The club's longest-serving manager has been Harry Catterick, who was in charge of the team from 1961–73, taking in 594 first team matches.


Premise: During what century did the Seljuk Turks occupy Persia?

Hypothesis: In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks took over much of the Middle East, occupying Persia during the 1040s, Armenia in the 1060s, and Jerusalem in 1070.


Premise: The population quadrupled by 1880 due mainly to what?

Hypothesis: By 1880, the population had quadrupled, mainly because of the great European immigration.


Premise: In what areas were Han ships able to be sailed in part due to the stern rudder?

Hypothesis: The Han-era Chinese sailed in a variety of ships differing from those of previous eras, such as the tower ship.


Premise: What is the name of the remastered game?

Hypothesis: The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD, is being developed by Tantalus Media for the Wii U. Officially announced during a Nintendo Direct presentation on November 12, 2015, it features enhanced graphics and Amiibo functionality.


Premise: The actual name for the case was what?

Hypothesis: The case, Ricci v. DeStefano, became highly publicized and brought national attention to New Haven politics due to the involvement of then-Supreme Court nominee (and Yale Law School graduate)


Premise: Who came up with the idea of "things-as-interacted-by-us"?

Hypothesis: and proliferation of hyphenated entities such as "thing-in-itself" (Immanuel Kant), "things-as-interacted-by-us" (Arthur Fine), "table-of-commonsense" and "table-of-physics" (Sir Arthur Eddington) which are "warning signs" for conceptual idealism according to Musgrave because they allegedly do not exist but only highlight the numerous ways in which people come to know the world.


Premise: Where was Tony Wilson's Factory based?

Hypothesis: These DIY imperatives would help form the production and distribution infrastructure of post-punk and the indie music scene that later blossomed in the mid-1980s.


Premise: What does CRA stand for?

Hypothesis: A 2000 United States Department of the Treasury study of lending trends for 305 cities from 1993 to 1998 showed that $467 billion of mortgage lending was made by Community Reinvestment Act (CRA)-covered lenders into low and mid level income (LMI) borrowers and neighborhoods, representing 10% of all U.S. mortgage lending during the period.


Premise: Who was the first to refer to culture as sociology?

Hypothesis: Cultural sociology was then "reinvented" in the English-speaking world as a product of the "cultural turn" of the 1960s, which ushered in structuralist and postmodern approaches to social science.


Premise: What is Beyonce's full name?

Hypothesis: Managed by her father, Mathew Knowles, the group became one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time.


Premise: Who spoke on this violation?

Hypothesis: As a representative of the National Rifle Association (NRA) explained, "The NRA has always maintained that fair chase, being in the field with your firearm or bow, is an important element of hunting tradition.


Premise: How far apart are Conimbriga and Coimbra?

Hypothesis: Conímbriga lies 16 km from Coimbra which by its turn was the ancient Aeminium).


Premise: Why is Japan black used for outdoor paint?

Hypothesis: Asphalt/bitumen is used to make Japan black, a lacquer known especially for its use on iron and steel, and it is also used in paint and marker inks by some graffiti supply companies to increase the weather resistance and permanence of the paint or ink, and to make the color much darker.[citation needed] Asphalt/bitumen is also used to seal some alkaline batteries during the manufacturing process.


Premise: What percent are vacant as of 2013?

Hypothesis: As of 2013[update], 87 percent of housing units were occupied, while 13 percent were vacant, a slight change from 2010 where 89.5 percent of units were occupied, or 599,736 and 10.5 percent were vacant, or 70,435.


Premise: What hurt the Auto industry?

Hypothesis: Efforts to revive the city were stymied by the struggles of the auto industry, as their sales and market share declined.


Premise: Polymophism species have different forms or what else?

Hypothesis: Some insects may retain phenotypes that are normally only seen in juveniles; this is called paedomorphosis.


Premise: Before what year was royal assent approved by Order in Council?

Hypothesis: If approved by Tynwald, a measure "shall have the force and effect of an Act of Tynwald upon the Royal Assent thereto being announced to Tynwald".


Premise: Who was allowed to settle on the Swiss plateau by the end of the 4th century?

Hypothesis: The Empire built another line of defense at the north border (the so-called Donau-Iller-Rhine-Limes), but at the end of the fourth century the increased Germanic pressure forced the Romans to abandon the linear defence concept, and the Swiss plateau was finally open to the settlement of German tribes.


Premise: what is the section of oklahoma and texas that  Hernando de Soto traveled?

Hypothesis: In that same time period, Hernando de Soto crossed a west-northwest direction in what is now Oklahoma and Texas.


Premise: What is the typical temperature range for a box cooker?

Hypothesis: It can be used effectively with partially overcast skies and will typically reach temperatures of 90–150 °C (194–302 °F).


Premise: Along with winter, in what season are Atlantic depressions most prevalent?

Hypothesis: Rainfall tends to be associated with Atlantic depressions or with convection.


Premise: In Singapore, the varient of Hokkien has a significant amount of loanwords from where?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, the variants spoken in Singapore and Malaysia have a substantial number of loanwords from Malay and to a lesser extent, from English and other Chinese varieties, such as the closely related Teochew and some Cantonese.


Premise: How many new carriers per year did the House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee recommend in 7/24/07?

Hypothesis: The House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee on 24 July 2007, recommended seven or maybe eight new carriers (one every four years).


Premise: What is the name of the ABC Family show whose theme is entirely a capella?

Hypothesis: More recently, "Twilight Zone" by 2 Unlimited was sung a cappella to the instrumentation on the comedy television series Tompkins Square.


Premise: In their study what was the relationship that both groups shared?

Hypothesis: All participants in the experiment, both stressed and unstressed, performed faster when the learning and retrieval contexts were similar.


Premise: When the iTunes store was launched, what type of file format was used?

Hypothesis: Burning the files with iTunes as an audio CD, then re-importing would create music files without the DRM.


Premise: A 4.7 magnitude earthquake that affected New Delhi occurred on what date?

Hypothesis: There has, however, been a spike in the number of earthquakes in the last six years, most notable being a 5.4 magnitude earthquake in 2015 with its epicentre in Nepal, a 4.7-magnitude earthquake on 25 November 2007, a 4.2-magnitude earthquake on 7 September 2011, a 5.2-magnitude earthquake on 5 March 2012, and a swarm of twelve earthquakes, including four of magnitudes 2.5, 2.8, 3.1, and 3.3, on 12 November 2013.


Premise: How many township-level divisions of Zhejiang are there?

Hypothesis: The eleven prefecture-level divisions of Zhejiang are subdivided into 90 county-level divisions (36 districts, 20 county-level cities, 33 counties, and one autonomous county).


Premise: How many more deaths does malaria cause vs. AIDS?

Hypothesis: Malaria kills more residents; 9% of the population have reported infection, It causes three times as many deaths as AIDS.


Premise: Along with the USPS, what United States agency operates in the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: With few natural resources, the islands' wealth is based on a service economy, as well as some fishing and agriculture; aid from the United States represents a large percentage of the islands' gross domestic product.


Premise: How are mathematical operations checked?

Hypothesis: But the results of such reverse-translation operations, while useful as approximate checks, are not always precisely reliable.


Premise: What are the landholdings that the farming industry uses called?

Hypothesis: However, the rise of tourism, sustainable forestry and organic and traditional agriculture are bringing other possibilities to the Galician economy without compromising the preservation of the natural resources and the local culture.


Premise: From where did raiders come to attack the agrarian Indians?

Hypothesis: At the same time it must be noted that overwhelming majority of Muslims in India are Indian natives converted to Islam.


Premise: How long was there native Sumerian rule during the Third Dynasty of Ur?

Hypothesis: The Sumerian city of Eridu, on the coast of the Persian Gulf, is considered to have been the world's first city, where three separate cultures may have fused — that of peasant Ubaidian farmers, living in mud-brick huts and practicing irrigation; that of mobile nomadic Semitic pastoralists living in black tents and following herds of sheep and goats; and that of fisher folk, living in reed huts in the marshlands, who may have been the ancestors of the Sumerians.


Premise: Was Alexandria welcoming to other cultures?

Hypothesis: Its famous catechetical school, while sacrificing none of its famous passion for orthodoxy since the days of Pantaenus, Clement of Alexandria, Origen of Alexandria, Dionysius and Theognostus, had begun to take on an almost secular character in the comprehensiveness of its interests, and had counted influential pagans among its serious auditors.


Premise: What percentage of copper is used in industrial machinery?

Hypothesis: A small part of copper supply is used in production of compounds for nutritional supplements and fungicides in agriculture.


Premise: How many people did the Treaty of Versailles add to the British Empire?

Hypothesis: The colonies of Germany and the Ottoman Empire were distributed to the Allied powers as League of Nations mandates.


Premise: What are usually analyzed by associating groups to them and studying the elements of the corresponding groups?

Hypothesis: By means of this connection, topological properties such as proximity and continuity translate into properties of groups.i[›] For example, elements of the fundamental group are represented by loops.


Premise: Does Florida benefit from taxes

Hypothesis: They have had "the luxury of voting for presidential candidates who pledge to cut taxes and halt the expansion of government while knowing that their congressional delegations will continue to protect federal spending."


Premise: What aspect of Vaishnava was unpalatable for the Pasupatas?

Hypothesis: According to Pāśupatas, soul possesses the attributes of the Supreme Deity when it becomes liberated from the 'germ of every pain'.


Premise: By the end of 2006, what percentage of Portugal's energy production was from renewable sources?

Hypothesis: By the end of 2006, 66% of the country's electrical production was from coal and fuel power plants, while 29% were derived from hydroelectric dams, and 6% by wind energy.


Premise: What was particularly challenging in the early years of HDTV?

Hypothesis: In addition, recording and reproducing an HDTV signal was a significant technical challenge in the early years of HDTV (Sony HDVS).


Premise: What expansion team joined the league in 2011?

Hypothesis: The league added one expansion team, the Pittsburgh Power.


Premise: How many of the inhabited islands is Carnival celebrated on?

Hypothesis: The celebration in SãoNicolau is more traditional, where established groups parade through the Ribeira Brava, gathering in the town square, although it has adopted drums, floats and costumes from Brazil.


Premise: What investigation are the prosecutors pursuing?

Hypothesis: It was also reported that safety checks were to be carried out at schools across China after last month's earthquake.


Premise: Who translated the Bible to German?

Hypothesis: Lasting effects on the religions, cultures and languages of their respective countries have been exerted by such Bible translations as Martin Luther's into German, Jakub Wujek's into Polish, and the King James Bible's translators' into English.


Premise: What percentage of Germans are Evangelical Protestants?

Hypothesis: Among "others" are Protestants not included in Evangelical Church of Germany, and other Christians such as the Restorationist New Apostolic Church.


Premise: Which artist created the first known portrait of Frédéric?

Hypothesis: In 1829 the artist Ambroży Mieroszewski executed a set of portraits of Chopin family members, including the first known portrait of the composer.[n 7]


Premise: Which is the more expensive reinforcement type?

Hypothesis: The reinforcement type defines two major classes of materials - woven and non-woven.


Premise: As of 2010, what percentage made up white people in NYC?

Hypothesis: Hispanics of any race represented 28.6% of the population, while Asians constituted the fastest-growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010; the non-Hispanic white population declined 3 percent, the smallest recorded decline in decades; and for the first time since the Civil War, the number of blacks declined over a decade.


Premise: In what year did Napoleon and his troops cross the Swiss Alps and enter Italy?

Hypothesis: After a difficult crossing over the Alps, the French army entered the plains of Northern Italy virtually unopposed.


Premise: What was Samuel Crompton's invention of 1775?

Hypothesis: In 1738, Lewis Paul and John Wyatt, of Birmingham, England, patented the roller spinning machine, as well as the flyer-and-bobbin system for drawing cotton to a more even thickness using two sets of rollers that traveled at different speeds.


Premise: Which region experiences the worst droughts in the US?

Hypothesis: The Appalachian region and the Midwest experience the worst floods, though virtually no area in the U.S. is immune to flooding.


Premise: What was the Qing governments attempt to create a modern socity called?

Hypothesis: By the late 19th century, the most conservative elements within the Qing court could no longer ignore China's military weakness.


Premise: If necessary being is true in itself, what is contingent?

Hypothesis: Avicenna argued that the impossible being is that which cannot exist, while the contingent in itself (mumkin bi-dhatihi) has the potentiality to be or not to be without entailing a contradiction.


Premise: What are two types of non-repetitive DNA?

Hypothesis: Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes are generally non-repetitive DNA.


Premise: In lieu of headstones, what grave markers are used at Drake Memorial Park?

Hypothesis: The mid-19th century burial ground at Ford Park Cemetery was reopened in 2007 by a successful trust and the City council operate two large early 20th century cemeteries at Weston Mill and Efford both with crematoria and chapels.


Premise: What caused the energy efficiency to go up?

Hypothesis: Besides increased efficiency of power plants, there was an increase in efficiency (between 1950 and 1973) of the railway utilization of this electricity with energy-intensity dropping from 218 to 124 kwh/10,000 gross tonne-km (of both passenger and freight trains) or a 43% drop.


Premise: Who asked that the torch relay be ended?

Hypothesis: Prompted by the chaotic torch relays in Western Europe and North America, the president of the International Olympic Committee, Jacques Rogge described the situation as a "crisis" for the organization and stated that any athletes displaying Tibetan flags at Olympic venues could be expelled from the games.


Premise: When did Mulhouse join the Swiss Confederation?

Hypothesis: The latter was able to use this tax and a dynastic marriage to his advantage to gain back full control of Upper Alsace (apart from the free towns, but including Belfort) in 1477 when it became part of the demesne of the Habsburg family, who were also rulers of the empire.


Premise: What is the population goal of the "Vision for Plymouth"?

Hypothesis: Plymouth Council is currently undertaking a project of urban redevelopment called the "Vision for Plymouth" launched by the architect David Mackay and backed by both Plymouth City Council and the Plymouth Chamber of Commerce (PCC).


Premise: Who authored The Heart of the Midlothian?

Hypothesis: In Sir Walter Scott's The Heart of Midlothian, the heroine, Jeanie Deans, a Scottish Presbyterian, writes to her father about the church situation she has found in England (bold added):


Premise: What are the root origins of the word madrasah?

Hypothesis: The Hebrew cognate midrasha also connotes the meaning of a place of learning; the related term midrash literally refers to study or learning, but has acquired mystical and religious connotations.


Premise: Understanding who's work was the tradition meaning of Cubism formed on?

Hypothesis: According to Daniel Robbins, "To suggest that merely because these artists developed differently or varied from the traditional pattern they deserved to be relegated to a secondary or satellite role in Cubism is a profound mistake."


Premise: What percentage of Americans supported legal hunting in 2006?

Hypothesis: Hunting in the United States is not associated with any particular class or culture; a 2006 poll showed seventy-eight percent of Americans supported legal hunting, although relatively few Americans actually hunt.


Premise: What is the often stated FST for humans?

Hypothesis: These estimates imply that any two individuals from different populations are almost as likely to be more similar to each other than either is to a member of their own group.


Premise: How many galleries are present in the Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery?

Hypothesis: The Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery is operated by Plymouth City Council allowing free admission – it has six galleries.


Premise: What are Palermo's four main industrial sectors?

Hypothesis: Palermo is the main Sicilian industrial and commercial center: the main industrial sectors include tourism, services, commerce and agriculture.


Premise: What are two issues in the Congolese government?

Hypothesis: The economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on petroleum, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing.


Premise: What are some Spielberg films that included kids?

Hypothesis: According to Warren Buckland, these themes are portrayed through the use of low height camera tracking shots, which have become one of Spielberg's directing trademarks.


Premise: Who funded non-official religious cults?

Hypothesis: Official cults were state funded as a "matter of public interest" (res publica). Non-official but lawful cults were funded by private individuals for the benefit of their own communities.


Premise: What is the total population of Christians in the world?

Hypothesis: There are more than 900 million Protestants worldwide,[ad] among approximately 2.4 billion Christians.[ae]


Premise: Who referred to Gaddafi as a martyr?

Hypothesis: The Nigerian newspaper Leadership reported that while many Libyans and Africans would mourn Gaddafi, this would be ignored by western media and that as such it would take 50 years before historians decided whether he was "martyr or villain."


Premise: Madonna's Material Girl recreated whose look?

Hypothesis: Stephanie Zacharek, critic for Time magazine, stated that, "[Madonna] seems wooden and unnatural as an actress, and it's tough to watch, because she's clearly trying her damnedest."


Premise: How often do serialized comics typically appear in Japanese magazines?

Hypothesis: Japanese comics magazine typically run to hundreds of pages.


Premise: If people's nutritional status and health changes, what could this affect in their daily routine?

Hypothesis: As far as safety of the human health is concerned, then these environmental contaminants can reduce people's nutritional status and health.


Premise: What creatures are often depicted on Armenian carpets?

Hypothesis: " Common themes and patterns found on Armenian carpets were the depiction of dragons and eagles.


Premise: What has since been considered in Kalinigrad?

Hypothesis: The city centre of Kaliningrad was completely rebuilt, as British bombs in 1944 and the Soviet siege in 1945 had left it in nothing but ruins.


Premise: What is a FBI branch divided into?

Hypothesis: Each branch is then divided into offices and divisions, each headed by an assistant director.


Premise: Who was determined to be the closest match for the baboon mummies?

Hypothesis: The researchers found that the mummies most closely matched modern baboon specimens in Eritrea and Ethiopia, which they suggested implied that Punt was likely a narrow region that included eastern Ethiopia and all of Eritrea.


Premise: In 2006, who reported that there were over half a million internet users within the territory?

Hypothesis: There were also 22 established ISPs and 234 cyber cafes, with an annual growth rate of 15.6%.


Premise: When did Thuringii emerge?

Hypothesis: The name Thuringia or Thüringen derives from the Germanic tribe Thuringii, who emerged during the Migration Period.


Premise: Who did the Oeselian pirates atack?

Hypothesis: Perhaps the most famous raid by Oeselian pirates occurred in 1187, with the attack on the Swedish town of Sigtuna by Finnic raiders from Couronia and Oesel.


Premise: Why did Feynman give up alcohol?

Hypothesis: Feynman gave up alcohol when he began to show vague, early signs of alcoholism, as he did not want to do anything that could damage his brain—the same reason given in "O Americano, Outra Vez" for his reluctance to experiment with LSD.


Premise: What form of government do the Puerto Ricans have?

Hypothesis: Like the states, Puerto Rico has self-rule, a republican form of government organized pursuant to a constitution adopted by its people, and a bill of rights.


Premise: Did the crime rate go up or down after the War years?

Hypothesis: Like many American cities, Philadelphia saw a gradual yet pronounced rise in crime in the years following World War II.


Premise: What agreement gave Germany many regions of Russia in the first world war?

Hypothesis: The outcome of the First World War was disastrous for both the German Reich and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.


Premise: Which university is in Tucson?

Hypothesis: Tucson (/ˈtuːsɒn/ /tuːˈsɒn/) is a city and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States, and home to the University of Arizona.


Premise: In what year did the Pope return to Rome from Avignon?

Hypothesis: The French crown's increasing dominance over the Papacy culminated in the transference of the Holy See to Avignon in 1309.


Premise: Who was Nassir's choice to represent the Free Officers?

Hypothesis: They selected Muhammad Naguib, a popular general who had offered his resignation to Farouk in 1942 over British high-handedness and was wounded three times in the Palestine War.


Premise: What would most likely be the main concern in making this decision?

Hypothesis: Chief among these relate to the directional characteristics (as depicted in the antenna's radiation pattern) and the resulting gain.


Premise: What does FIFA stand for?

Hypothesis: For the Brasil 2014 World Cup finals tournament, the country's German-speaking cantons will be closely monitored by local police forces to prevent celebrations beyond one hour after matches end.


Premise: Buddhism had similiar tenets to what other common religion?

Hypothesis: Also, its moral and spiritual parallels with other systems of thought—for example, with various tenets of Christianity—have been subjects of close study.


Premise: Her first appearance performing since giving birth was where?

Hypothesis: On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York.


Premise: Name another road they responsible for.

Hypothesis: The Xunta de Galicia has built roads connecting comarcal capitals, such as the aforementioned AG-53, Autovía AG-55 connecting A Coruña to Carballo or AG-41 connecting Pontevedra to Sanxenxo.


Premise: Where does The Fund work to raise awareness and provide support?

Hypothesis: The Fund is also represented by UNFPA Goodwill Ambassadors and a Patron.


Premise: The torch is put out at night, on aircraft, during storms and what else?

Hypothesis: When the Torch is extinguished at night, on airplanes, in bad weather, or during protests (such as the several occasions in Paris), the Olympic Flame is kept alight in a set of 8 lanterns.[citation needed]


Premise: What were both Serbian and Croatian standards based off of?

Hypothesis: Serbo-Croatian thus generally goes by the ethnic names Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and sometimes Montenegrin and Bunjevac.


Premise: Who commanded the General Staff?

Hypothesis: The officers of the General Staff were hand-picked from the Prussian Kriegsakademie (War Academy).


Premise: When was Northwestern elected to the Association of American Universities?

Hypothesis: Northwestern was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1917 and remains a research university with "very high" research activity.


Premise: Name the other individual considered the founding fathers of modern Cypriot art.

Hypothesis: In many ways these two artists set the template for subsequent Cypriot art and both their artistic styles and the patterns of their education remain influential to this day.


Premise: What is it easier to do regarding God?

Hypothesis: Thus, it is easier to state what God is not, than to state what God is: "... we affirm things of God only relatively, that is, casually, whereas we deny things of God absolutely, that is, with reference to what He is in Himself.


Premise: How many Major League Baseball World Series has NYC teams won?

Hypothesis: There have been 35 Major League Baseball World Series and 73 pennants won by New York teams.


Premise: Where did Eleanor leave to?

Hypothesis: Eleanor spent the next few years conspiring against her husband Henry and neither parent played a part in John's very early life.


Premise: On June 1 , 2013 where was the concert held for "a Chime for Change"?

Hypothesis: A concert for the cause took place on June 1, 2013 in London and included other acts like Ellie Goulding, Florence and the Machine, and Rita Ora.


Premise: What is Nepal's primary airport for international travel?

Hypothesis: A recent extension to the international terminal has made the distance to the airplanes shorter and in October 2009 it became possible to fly directly to Kathmandu from Amsterdam with Arkefly.


Premise: How many members are in the Presbyterian Church of Brazil?

Hypothesis: The United Presbyterian Church in Brazil has around 4 000 members.


Premise: What do scientists tend to agree on?

Hypothesis: More recently, new fossil and molecular evidence is providing an increasingly clear picture of the evolution of modern bird orders.


Premise: In what year did Nasser die?

Hypothesis: 15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was the second President of Egypt, serving from 1956 until his death.


Premise: In 1924, what was created as part of Uzbekistan?

Hypothesis: In 1924, the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created as a part of Uzbekistan, but in 1929 the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik SSR) was made a separate constituent republic, however the predominantly ethnic Tajik cities of Samarkand and Bukhara remained in the Uzbek SSR.


Premise: How many Dutch warships were fended of by Christopher Martin in 1673?

Hypothesis: With only twenty-three men, the valiant Martin beat off an attack by three Dutch warships.


Premise: What style does 20th century classical music encompass?

Hypothesis: Encompassing a wide variety of post-Romantic styles composed through the year 2000, 20th century classical music includes late romantic, modern, high-modern, and postmodern styles of composition.


Premise: Who designed the statues that are on either side of the northern entrance to the MoD headquarters?

Hypothesis: The headquarters of the MoD are in Whitehall and are now known as Main Building.


Premise: Who was the boyfriend that Madonna moved in with?

Hypothesis: Madonna moved in with boyfriend John "Jellybean" Benitez, asking his help for finishing the album's production.


Premise: What is another name used for bacterial cell wall?

Hypothesis: Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essential bacterial enzymes (rifamycins, lipiarmycins, quinolones, and sulfonamides) have bactericidal activities.


Premise: When verse was the third mention?

Hypothesis: The third and final New Testament reference to the term is in 1 Peter 4:16, which exhorts believers: "Yet if [any man suffer] as a Christian, let him not be ashamed; but let him glorify God on this behalf."


Premise: Who comprised Tom's jury?

Hypothesis: Tom Robinson's trial was juried by poor white farmers who convicted him despite overwhelming evidence of his innocence, as more educated and moderate white townspeople supported the jury's decision.


Premise: Education about TB seems to decrease the stigma of the disease and lead to what other positive effect?

Hypothesis: A greater understanding of the social and cultural dimensions of tuberculosis may also help with stigma reduction.


Premise: What percentage of Germans are Evangelical Protestants?

Hypothesis: According to the latest nationwide census, Roman Catholics constituted 30.8% of the total population of Germany, followed by the Evangelical Protestants at 30.3%.


Premise: What is one exception to the central dogma of molecular biology?

Hypothesis: Collectively, this body of research established the central dogma of molecular biology, which states that proteins are translated from RNA, which is transcribed from DNA.


Premise: How many modes does perception occur in according to Whitehead?

Hypothesis: Further, Whitehead regards perception as occurring in two modes, causal efficacy (or "physical prehension") and presentational immediacy (or "conceptual prehension").


Premise: What year did Magnus Hirschfeld create the ten point scale on a persons sexual desire.

Hypothesis: Berlin sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld published a scheme in 1896 that measured the strength of an individual's sexual desire on two independent 10-point scales, A (homosexual) and B (heterosexual).


Premise: Roger Sherman once lived in Chapel Street, in modern day what is the name building that sit in its' place?

Hypothesis: The Union League Club of New Haven building, located on Chapel Street, is notable for not only being a historic Beaux-Arts building, but also is built on the site where Roger Sherman's home once stood; George Washington is known to have stayed at the Sherman residence while President in 1789 (one of three times Washington visited New Haven throughout his lifetime).


Premise: Growth of solar water heating development has averaged how much per year since 1999

Hypothesis: Although generally underestimated, solar water heating and cooling is by far the most widely deployed solar technology with an estimated capacity of 154 GW as of 2007.


Premise: What are the degrees of similarity with Occitan and Gallo-Romance languages?

Hypothesis: Catalan bears varying degrees of similarity to the linguistic varieties subsumed under the cover term Occitan language (see also differences between Occitan and Catalan and Gallo-Romance languages).


Premise: What has a color temperature around 2800 to 3000 Kelvin?

Hypothesis: Lower color temperature lamps have relatively more energy in the yellow and red part of the visible spectrum, while high color temperatures correspond to lamps with more of a blue-white appearance.


Premise: What happened to Feyman's younger brother?

Hypothesis: Despite their mother's disapproval of Joan's desire to study astronomy, Richard encouraged his sister to explore the universe.


Premise: When did Sega finally permit third-party publishing?

Hypothesis: Because Nintendo controlled the production of all cartridges, it was able to enforce strict rules on its third-party developers, which were required to sign a contract by Nintendo that would obligate these parties to develop exclusively for the system, order at least 10,000 cartridges, and only make five games per year.


Premise: In which areas are the four standard Serbo-Croatian variants spoken?

Hypothesis: Other linguists have argued that the differences between the variants of Serbo-Croatian are less significant than those between the variants of English, German,, Dutch, and Hindi-Urdu.


Premise: What date is usually given as the beginning of the Middle Ages?

Hypothesis: The most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476, first used by Bruni.[A]


Premise: What nation's military destroyed Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi was infuriated that Egypt had not done more to prevent the incident, and in retaliation planned to destroy the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2, a British ship chartered by American Jews to sail to Haifa for Israel's 25th anniversary.


Premise: Who was the artist of the first song used?

Hypothesis: Brandenburg adopted the song for testing purposes, listening to it again and again each time refining the scheme, making sure it did not adversely affect the subtlety of Vega's voice.


Premise: What often plays only a small part in the structure of a gene?

Hypothesis: The structure of a gene consists of many elements of which the actual protein coding sequence is often only a small part.


Premise: As of 2010 what percentage of Florida was white / non Hispanic

Hypothesis: In 1970, non-Hispanic whites were nearly 80% of Florida's population.


Premise: what are the only two oxidation states known for zinc?

Hypothesis: Calculations indicate that a zinc compound with the oxidation state of +4 is unlikely to exist.


Premise: How many kilometers was Qing China at its height?

Hypothesis: Qing China reached its largest extent during the 18th century, when it ruled China proper (eighteen provinces) as well as the areas of present-day Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet, at approximately 13 million km2 in size.


Premise: By what year was "idealism" a word in English?

Hypothesis: The term entered the English language by 1743.


Premise: What did Germany take from Estonia for their war strategy?

Hypothesis: The Germans and their collaborators also carried out The Holocaust in Estonia in which they established a network of concentration camps and murdered thousands of Estonian Jews and Estonian Gypsies, other Estonians, non-Estonian Jews, and Soviet prisoners of war.


Premise: How is copper used with nickel?

Hypothesis: Together with zinc, copper wires may be placed over non-conductive roofing materials to discourage the growth of moss.[citation needed]


Premise: What part of KU serves students learning about government?

Hypothesis: The university is host to several museums including the University of Kansas Natural History Museum and the Spencer Museum of Art.


Premise: During what year did the Italians invade Libya?

Hypothesis: According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911.


Premise: In what year was Von Neumann offered a lifetime professorship?

Hypothesis: In 1933, von Neumann was offered a lifetime professorship on the faculty of the Institute for Advanced Study when the institute's plan to appoint Hermann Weyl fell through.


Premise: Who was the winner?

Hypothesis: Both Cook and Archuleta had some success as recording artists with both selling over a million albums in the U.S.


Premise: Which album by Kanye West has been talked about by writers for having maximalist aesthetic?

Hypothesis: Sean Fennessey of The Village Voice writes that West "absorb[ed] the gifts of his handpicked collaborators, and occasionally elevat[ed] them" on previous studio albums, noting collaborators and elements as Jon Brion for Late Registration, DJ Toomp for Graduation, and Kid Cudi for 808s & Heartbreak.


Premise: Where are you able to watch the new series when it is released?

Hypothesis: The series announced the return of the protagonists from the original Digimon Adventure series, most of them now as high school students.


Premise: What is the average rainfall in February along the coast?

Hypothesis: Most of the rainfall occurs during the cooler months.


Premise: When did Martin Luther attach his 95 theses on the door of the church?

Hypothesis: The theses debated and criticised the Church and the papacy, but concentrated upon the selling of indulgences and doctrinal policies about purgatory, particular judgment, and the authority of the pope.


Premise: Where were the Carnatic Wars?

Hypothesis: In the following decades the Company gradually increased the size of the territories under its control, either ruling directly or via local rulers under the threat of force from the British Indian Army, the vast majority of which was composed of Indian sepoys.


Premise: What is one purpose of a greenhouse?

Hypothesis: Greenhouses convert solar light to heat, enabling year-round production and the growth (in enclosed environments) of specialty crops and other plants not naturally suited to the local climate.


Premise: What do scientists explore by adding genes to mice with a certain gene's function disrupted?

Hypothesis: For example, genes are easily added to bacteria and lineages of knockout mice with a specific gene's function disrupted are used to investigate that gene's function.


Premise: From the 11th century until 1931, the population of Ashkenazi Jews grew by what percent?

Hypothesis: Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million.


Premise: What was Berners-Lee a director of?

Hypothesis: The first web browser was invented in 1990 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee.


Premise: What 1996 movie was set completely in Santa Monica?

Hypothesis: The Truth About Cats & Dogs (1996) is set entirely in Santa Monica, particularly the Palisades Park area, and features a radio station that resembles KCRW at Santa Monica College.


Premise: How many crew members were on the MV Maersk Tigris?

Hypothesis: The Pentagon reported that the destroyer USS Farragut and a maritime reconnaissance aircraft were dispatched upon receiving a distress call from the ship Tigris and it was also reported that all 34 crew members were detained.


Premise: Who designed the learning buildings at Eton?

Hypothesis: New school buildings have appeared for teaching purposes every decade or so since New Schools, designed by Henry Woodyer and built 1861-3.


Premise: Where did they travel after leaving Barcelona?

Hypothesis: The group traveled first to Barcelona, then to Marseilles, where they stayed for a few months while Chopin convalesced.


Premise: What is the Foothills east of?

Hypothesis: Also on the north side is the suburban community of Catalina Foothills, located in the foothills of the Santa Catalina Mountains just north of the city limits.


Premise: After the battle were New Haven historical features lost or torched?

Hypothesis: Yale president Ezra Stiles recounted in his diary that while he moved furniture in anticipation of battle, he still couldn't quite believe the revolution had begun.


Premise: What are two other job titles of the Prime Minister of the  UK?

Hypothesis: the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, for example, is also First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service.


Premise: What does the term 'intellectual property' disallow intelligent discussion about?

Hypothesis: Many detractors think this term specially serves the doctrinal agenda of parties opposing reform in the public interest or otherwise abusing related legislations; and that it disallows intelligent discussion about specific and often unrelated aspects of copyright, patents, trademarks, etc.


Premise: What does UNAIDS consider universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment?

Hypothesis: In 2004, the Swaziland government acknowledged for the first time that it suffered an AIDS crisis, with 38.8% of tested pregnant women infected with HIV (see AIDS in Africa).


Premise: How do the cells of Lophotrochozoa eggs arrange themselves?

Hypothesis: In these phyla the "fates" of the embryo's cells, in other words the roles their descendants will play in the adult animal, are the same and can be predicted from a very early stage.


Premise: What regulates breeding activities?

Hypothesis: These photo-receptive cells in the hypothalamus are involved in detecting the longer days of spring, and thus regulate breeding activities.


Premise: What type of services are sometimes open to passengers who are members of a different airline's frequent flyer program?

Hypothesis: Premium services may sometimes be open to passengers who are members of a different airline's frequent flyer program.


Premise: Whose son died on the way to Palermo and is buried there?

Hypothesis: Charles III chose Palermo for his coronation as King of Sicily.


Premise: For which work is Mary Wollstonecraft best known?

Hypothesis: She is best known for her work


Premise: For religious Jews, what does Halakha mean?

Hypothesis: Reform Judaism, which does not necessarily follow those minhagim, did nonetheless originate among Ashkenazi Jews.


Premise: Besides a solid-state laser, what else was unique about the LD-700?

Hypothesis: One year earlier Hitachi introduced an expensive industrial player with a laser diode, but the player, which had poor picture quality due to an inadequate dropout compensator, was made only in limited quantities.


Premise: What is Diethylene Glycol commonly used for now?

Hypothesis: The product was formulated in diethylene glycol, a highly toxic solvent that is now widely used as antifreeze.


Premise: In what area of Victora was CBC and Radio-Canada available?

Hypothesis: For instance, the CBC implemented a digital transmitter covering Fredericton, New Brunswick in the place of the existing transmitter covering Saint John, New Brunswick and Fredericton, and decided to maintain analogue service to Saint John.


Premise: When did the AFL title sponsorship deal come to an end?

Hypothesis: The title sponsorship agreement ended in 2014 after a two-year partnership.


Premise: What are 3 other common forms of bad antibiotic practices?

Hypothesis: Other forms of misuse include failure to take the entire prescribed course of the antibiotic, incorrect dosage and administration, or failure to rest for sufficient recovery.


Premise: Which battleship was still capable of combat when Kurita returned to Japan?

Hypothesis: Kurita's force had begun the battle with five battleships; when he returned to Japan, only Yamato was combat-worthy.


Premise: What do archaeologists call the cultural phase of the inhabitants of Tennessee between 1000 BC and 1000 AD?

Hypothesis: The area now known as Tennessee was first inhabited by Paleo-Indians nearly 12,000 years ago.


Premise: Birds preen often with the application of secretions from which gland?

Hypothesis: The physical condition of feathers are maintained by preening often with the application of secretions from the preen gland.


Premise: Which bird has the longest migration?

Hypothesis: Prior to migration, 55 percent of their bodyweight is stored as fat to fuel this uninterrupted journey.


Premise: How does Einstein advocate Mach's principle?

Hypothesis: If one holds, contrary to idealist beliefs, that objects exist independently of the mind, it seems that relativistics commits them to also hold that space and temporality have exactly the same type of independent existence.


Premise: What can cause health effects such headache frequency?

Hypothesis: Beyond the energy factors being considered, it is important not to over-design illumination, lest adverse health effects such as headache frequency, stress, and increased blood pressure be induced by the higher lighting levels.


Premise: Where were there riots in June 2012?

Hypothesis: Gujranwala, Toba Tek Singh, Faisalabad, Sialkot, Bahawalnagar and communities across Khanewal District saw widespread rioting and violence on Sunday 17 June 2012, with the houses of several members of parliament being attacked as well as the offices of regional energy suppliers Fesco, Gepco and Mepco being ransacked or attacked.


Premise: What Egyptian leader impressed Gaddafi?

Hypothesis: Nasser's book, Philosophy of the Revolution, was a key influence on Gaddafi; outlining how to initiate a coup, it has been described as "the inspiration and blueprint of [Gaddafi's] revolution."


Premise: How many named lakes are there in Montana?

Hypothesis: There are at least 3,223 named lakes and reservoirs in Montana, including Flathead Lake, the largest natural freshwater lake in the western United States.


Premise: In which direction were the buildings built by the Greeks and Chinese facing?

Hypothesis: Advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods were first employed by the Greeks and Chinese, who oriented their buildings toward the south to provide light and warmth.


Premise: North Carolina did not vote to join the confederacy until they were ordered to invade what state?

Hypothesis: The title of "last to join the Confederacy" has been disputed; although Tennessee's informal secession on May 7, 1861, preceded North Carolina's official secession on May 20, the Tennessee legislature did not formally vote to secede until June 8, 1861.


Premise: Due to slow use of random numbers what was developed?

Hypothesis: Because using lists of "truly" random numbers was extremely slow, von Neumann developed a form of making pseudorandom numbers, using the middle-square method.


Premise: How wide were the wingspans of the dragonfly-like forms?

Hypothesis: During this era, some giant dragonfly-like forms reached wingspans of 55 to 70 cm (22 to 28 in), making them far larger than any living insect.


Premise: In what year did the New Haven Black Panther trials take place in New Haven?

Hypothesis: In 1970, the New Haven Black Panther trials took place, the largest and longest trials in Connecticut history.


Premise: What were the laws contained in the written Torah known as?

Hypothesis: The words of the Torah (Pentateuch) were spoken to Moses by God; the laws contained in this Written Torah, the "Mitzvot", were given along with detailed explanations in the oral tradition as to how to apply and interpret them.


Premise: With what cameras can earlier techniques not be used?

Hypothesis: As those earlier techniques did not allow for measurement from images produced with lossy compression, they cannot be used at all on cameras that produce images only in JPEG format.


Premise: In what year was royal assent last witheld in the UK?

Hypothesis: Even after colonies such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, and Newfoundland were granted responsible government, the British government continued to sometimes advise governors-general on the granting of assent; assent was also occasionally reserved to allow the British government to examine a bill before advising the governor-general.


Premise: What were Watch Tower Society directors jailed for?

Hypothesis: His election was disputed, and members of the Board of Directors accused him of acting in an autocratic and secretive manner.


Premise: What war most curtailed the spread of universities in the 17th century?

Hypothesis: Many wars, and especially the Thirty Years' War, disrupted the university landscape throughout Europe at different times.


Premise: From what source do Catalons think the red/blue colors originated?

Hypothesis: In Catalonia the common perception is that the colours were chosen by Joan Gamper and are those of his home team, FC Basel.


Premise: In what year was Tito inaugurated as president?

Hypothesis: After the Tito–Stalin split of 1948 and his inauguration as president in 1953, Tito rarely wore his uniform except when present in a military function, and then (with rare exception) only wore his Yugoslav ribbons for obvious practical reasons.


Premise: Who was Wilhelm I?

Hypothesis: The Austrian Empire – like the Holy Roman Empire – was a multi-ethnic state, but German-speaking people there did not have an absolute numerical majority; the creation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was one result of the growing nationalism of other ethnicities especially the Hungarians.


Premise: Which season was Diana DeGarmo on?

Hypothesis: Prior to the announcement of the winner, season five finalist Ace Young proposed marriage to season three runner-up Diana DeGarmo on stage – which she accepted.


Premise: Which thriller film did Beyoncé star in with Ali Larter?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé starred opposite Ali Larter and Idris Elba in the thriller, Obsessed.


Premise: What is "black people" a term for?

Hypothesis: Black people is a term used in certain countries, often in socially based systems of racial classification or of ethnicity, to describe persons who are perceived to be dark-skinned compared to other given populations.


Premise: Who revoked the King of Poland's sovereignty over Prussia in 1660?

Hypothesis: Taking advantage of the Swedish invasion of Poland in 1655, and instead of fulfilling his vassal's duties towards the Polish Kingdom, by joining forces with the Swedes and subsequent treaties of Wehlau, Labiau, and Oliva, Elector and Duke Frederick William succeeded in revoking king of Poland's sovereignty over the Duchy of Prussia in 1660.


Premise: What function does copper serve when used in textile fibers?

Hypothesis: Together with zinc, copper wires may be placed over non-conductive roofing materials to discourage the growth of moss.[citation needed]


Premise: How many students were attending school during the 2009-2010 school year?

Hypothesis: During the 2009–10 school year, there were a total of 10,979 pupils attending classes in Bern.


Premise: What is Antarctica's ranking among the continents?

Hypothesis: Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, or by the southern waters of the World Ocean.


Premise: How many broadcasters did Japan have sharing a single channel?

Hypothesis: Japan remained the only country with successful public broadcasting of analog HDTV, with seven broadcasters sharing a single channel.


Premise: Who removed Carrefour boycott comments from some websites?

Hypothesis: The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed.


Premise: What old ally did Nasser turn against?

Hypothesis: Nasser had considered dispatching troops to aid his Iraqi sympathizers, but decided against it.


Premise: Who was the host of American Idol in its fourteenth season?

Hypothesis: Randy Jackson did not return as the in-house mentor for this season.


Premise: What language are the Apostle's namely believed to have spoken ?

Hypothesis: Greek-speaking communities of the Hellenized East were instrumental in the spread of early Christianity in the 2nd and 3rd centuries, and Christianity's early leaders and writers (notably St Paul) were generally Greek-speaking, though none were from Greece.


Premise: When was France's 819 line system discontinued?

Hypothesis: It was discontinued in 1983.


Premise: What type of art is in the Museum of Art?

Hypothesis: The museum's outdoor park is one of the largest such art parks in the country.


Premise: According to World Travel Awards, for what activity is Portugal known as Europe's leading destination?

Hypothesis: According to World Travel Awards, Portugal is the Europe's Leading Golf Destination 2012 and 2013.


Premise: What climate zone does Philadelphia fall under?

Hypothesis: Under the Köppen climate classification, Philadelphia falls in the northern periphery of the humid subtropical climate zone (Köppen Cfa).


Premise: Are large jungle cats part of the animal population of Burma ?

Hypothesis: Typical jungle animals, particularly tigers and leopards, occur sparsely in Myanmar.


Premise: How were the semi-finalists split up to perform in season one?

Hypothesis: In season one, there were three groups of ten, with the top three contestants from each group making the finals.


Premise: How did Barcelona finish the 2006-07 season?

Hypothesis: Despite being the favourites and starting strongly, Barcelona finished the 2006–07 season without trophies.


Premise: when did ranchers usually have a cattle round up?

Hypothesis: In the spring and fall, ranchers held roundups where their cowboys branded new calves, treated animals and sorted the cattle for sale.


Premise: What did Nasser do to respond to Israeli attacks?

Hypothesis: Nasser ceased all military activities and began a program to build a network of internal defenses, while receiving the financial backing of various Arab states.


Premise: Example psychoacoustic models and rate loops can be foundin which part of the original standard?

Hypothesis: The MPEG-1 standard does not include a precise specification for an MP3 encoder, but does provide example psychoacoustic models, rate loop, and the like in the non-normative part of the original standard.


Premise: What was the Duke of York's relationship to his religion described as being?

Hypothesis: The original charter of the Province of East Jersey had restricted membership in the Assembly to Christians; the Duke of York was fervently Catholic, and the proprietors of Perth Amboy, New Jersey were Scottish Catholic peers.


Premise: After 1992, what did the percentage of textbooks discussing race increase to?

Hypothesis: Morning (2008) looked at high school biology textbooks during the 1952-2002 period and initially found a similar pattern with only 35% directly discussing race in the 1983–92 period from initially 92% doing so.


Premise: What does the plant use for internal processes?

Hypothesis: Chemicals obtained from the air, soil and water form the basis of all plant metabolism.


Premise: In what year was the Mananga Management Centre founded?

Hypothesis: SIMPA is a government owned management and development institute and IDM is a regional organisation in Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland that provides training, consultancy, and research in management.


Premise: How many people can be seated for an ice hockey game at TD Garden?

Hypothesis: The arena seats 18,624 for basketball games and 17,565 for ice hockey games.


Premise: Who kept Muravyev informed about the Turks at Kar?

Hypothesis: The local Armenian population kept Muravyev well-informed about the Turks at Kars and he judged they had about five months of supplies.


Premise: What did Humbert instruct the students not to be?

Hypothesis: Also, they should be taught not to be sad if they do not enjoy the divine consolations they hear others have; but they should know the loving Father for some reason sometimes withholds these.


Premise: What was the cost for the first published copies of On the Origin of Species?

Hypothesis: On the Origin of Species was first published on Thursday 24 November 1859, priced at fifteen shillings with a first printing of 1250 copies.


Premise: What is the voltage of the return rail?

Hypothesis: The additional rail carries the electrical return that, on third rail and overhead networks, is provided by the running rails.


Premise: What was the final implication of Joseph Bédier's analysis of the stemmatic method?

Hypothesis: He also noted that, for many works, more than one reasonable stemma could be postulated, suggesting that the method was not as rigorous or as scientific as its proponents had claimed.


Premise: What were the net profit margins of IBM in 2004?

Hypothesis: Over the past decade, it has steadily shifted its business mix by exiting commoditizing markets such as PCs, hard disk drives and DRAMs and focusing on higher-value, more profitable markets such as business intelligence, data analytics, business continuity, security, cloud computing, virtualization and green solutions, resulting in a higher quality revenue stream and higher profit margins.


Premise: What was New Haven's nickname?

Hypothesis: New Haven has a long tradition of urban planning and a purposeful design for the city's layout.


Premise: What was the expenditure of the Material Protection, Control, and Accounting Program between 1993 and 2005?

Hypothesis: Scientific American reported in February 2006 that in some of the facilities security consisted of chain link fences which were in severe states of disrepair.


Premise: Which freeway spans the large Bolte Bridge?

Hypothesis: Like many Australian cities, Melbourne has a high dependency on the automobile for transport, particularly in the outer suburban areas where the largest number of cars are bought, with a total of 3.6 million private vehicles using 22,320 km (13,870 mi) of road, and one of the highest lengths of road per capita in the world.


Premise: Who was implicated in the attempted assassination of Joseph I?

Hypothesis: The Távora family and the Duke of Aveiro were implicated and executed after a quick trial.


Premise: What can refer to the study of patterns in human cultures?

Hypothesis: Broadly, kinship patterns may be considered to include people related both by descent (one's social relations during development), and also relatives by marriage.


Premise: Who made the claim that Hayek was particularly determined regarding his beliefs on social insurance and a safety net?

Hypothesis: Bernard Harcourt says that "Hayek was adamant about this.


Premise: Who encouraged cathedral architects to allow as much light as possible into the building?

Hypothesis: To promote such faith, the abbot in charge of the Saint-Denis church on the north edge of Paris, the Abbot Suger, encouraged architects remodeling the building to make the interior as bright as possible.


Premise: When did El Cid rule?

Hypothesis: By the time the siege ended in May 1094, he had carved out his own fiefdom—which he ruled from 15 June 1094 to July 1099.


Premise: Classical music can mean all Western art music or more specifically from the 1750's to when?

Hypothesis: The term "classical music" has two meanings: the broader meaning includes all Western art music from the Medieval era to today, and the specific meaning refers to the music from the 1750s to the early 1830s—the era of Mozart and Haydn.


Premise: Over which years did the "War of the Speeds" last?

Hypothesis: For a two-year period from 1948 to 1950, record companies and consumers faced uncertainty over which of these formats would ultimately prevail in what was known as the "War of the Speeds".


Premise: What is the name of the state owned company that produces aluminium?

Hypothesis: The aluminium industry is represented by the state-owned Tajik Aluminum Company – the biggest aluminium plant in Central Asia and one of the biggest in the world.


Premise: During what season were "cubbie-bear" mascots outside of Wrigley on game day?

Hypothesis: The most notable of these was "Billy Cub" who worked outside of the stadium until for over 6 years until July 2013, when the club asked him to stop.