Premise: There are two hockey teams located in NYC. What are they?

Hypothesis: The New York Islanders and the New York Rangers represent the city in the National Hockey League.


Premise: What is the term for extinction of only hatred and greed, with residue of delusion?

Hypothesis: As a further distinction, the extinction of only hatred and greed (in the sensory context) with some residue of delusion, is called anagami.


Premise: What are disyllabic and usually written with two characters?

Hypothesis: Modern examples particularly include Chinese characters for SI units.


Premise: How many waymarkers are present on the Devonport Heritage Trail?

Hypothesis: To the west of the city is Devonport, one of Plymouth's historic quarters.


Premise: What was the court case that struck down the line item veto?

Hypothesis: Congress has the sole power to legislate for the United States.


Premise: What type of annelids are tube-dwelling?

Hypothesis: However, in members of the tube-dwelling family Siboglinidae the gut is blocked by a swollen lining that houses symbiotic bacteria, which can make up 15% of the worms' total weight.


Premise: As of January 2013, The Times has a circulation of how many people?

Hypothesis: The Sunday Times has a significantly higher circulation than The Times, and sometimes outsells The Sunday Telegraph.


Premise: How many Montanans joined the military in the war total?

Hypothesis: When the U.S. entered World War II on December 8, 1941, many Montanans already had enlisted in the military to escape the poor national economy of the previous decade.


Premise: How many stores was Sears operating in 1940?

Hypothesis: Sears, Roebuck & Company, a giant mail-order house, opened its first eight retail stores in 1925, and operated 338 by 1930, and 595 by 1940.


Premise: What emerging power is considered a great power?

Hypothesis: Various authors describe Italy as an equal major power, while others view Italy as an "intermittent great power" or as "the least of the great powers".


Premise: How many games long was the 2011 regular season?

Hypothesis: From 2011 to 2015, the regular season league expanded to 18 games, with each team having two bye weeks and the option of two preseason games.


Premise: What large hurricane hit New Orleans?

Hypothesis: New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s.


Premise: What age demographic is modern rock radio focused on?

Hypothesis: Unlike modern rock, which went after 18-34 men, this format appealed to women.


Premise: What good traits is the color red associated with in China?

Hypothesis: In China, it is considered the color of good fortune and prosperity, and it is the color traditionally worn by brides.


Premise: Who seemed to have been dominated by geometrical pattern and order?

Hypothesis: While each scene has its own character and completeness it must fit into the general sequence to which it belongs.


Premise: What lable was bought by CBS in the UK?

Hypothesis: In 1964, CBS established its own UK distribution with the acquisition of Oriole Records.


Premise: The midbrain region of the brain is known as what?

Hypothesis: Some parts, such as the cerebral cortex and the cerebellar cortex, consist of layers that are folded or convoluted to fit within the available space.


Premise: Is the University of Melbourne a public or private institution?

Hypothesis: Melbourne is the home of seven public universities: the University of Melbourne, Monash University, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Deakin University, La Trobe University, Swinburne University of Technology and Victoria University.


Premise: Which country lies on Congo's northwest border?

Hypothesis: It is bordered by five countries: Gabon to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Republic to the northeast; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the east and south; and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to the southwest.


Premise: Along with Mumford & Sons, Of Monsters & Men, Ed Sheeran and The Lumineers, what indie artist has had adult contemporary success?

Hypothesis: Since the mid-2000s, the mainstreaming of bands like Wilco and Feist have pushed indie rock into the adult contemporary conversation.


Premise: Around when did the Old Prussian language become extinct?

Hypothesis: The indigenous Balts who survived the conquest were gradually converted to Christianity.


Premise: According to the American Journal of Human Genetics, what percentage of modern Iberian population has Sephardic Jewish ancestry?

Hypothesis: According to a 2008 study published in the American Journal of Human Genetics, 19.8% of the modern Iberian population has Sephardic Jewish ancestry, indicating that the number of conversos may have been much higher than originally thought.


Premise: What does ESAF stand for?

Hypothesis: Pascal Lissouba, who became Congo's first elected president (1992–1997) during the period of multi-party democracy, attempted to implement economic reforms with IMF backing to liberalise the economy.


Premise: What is a gene?

Hypothesis: A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity.:Glossary The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits.


Premise: Insects walking in an alternating triangle is called a what?

Hypothesis: As it allows for rapid yet stable movement, many insects adopt a tripedal gait in which they walk with their legs touching the ground in alternating triangles.


Premise: What are the responsibilities of the elder pastors?

Hypothesis: Teaching elders (pastors) have responsibility for teaching, worship, and performing sacraments.


Premise: What were walled quarters known as?

Hypothesis: Notable exceptions include the massacre of Jews and forcible conversion of some Jews by the rulers of the Almohad dynasty in Al-Andalus in the 12th century, as well as in Islamic Persia, and the forced confinement of Moroccan Jews to walled quarters known as mellahs beginning from the 15th century and especially in the early 19th century.


Premise: When TCM premiered, what was AMC called?

Hypothesis: AMC had broadened its film content to feature colorized and more recent films by 2002 and abandoned its commercial-free format, leaving TCM as the only movie-oriented cable channel to devote its programming entirely to classic films without commercial interruption.


Premise: List Gaddafi's lifespan.

Hypothesis: He governed Libya as Revolutionary Chairman of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then as the "Brotherly Leader" of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011.


Premise: Who founded Taxila?

Hypothesis: It was reputed to house the oldest university in the world,[citation needed]


Premise: What year did Timothy Geithner become U.S. Treasury Secretary?

Hypothesis: This meant that disruptions in credit markets would make them subject to rapid deleveraging, selling their long-term assets at depressed prices.


Premise: What award did Nakamura receive in 2006 for his invention?

Hypothesis: Nakamura, Hiroshi Amano and Isamu Akasaki were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2014 for the invention of the blue LED.


Premise: What type of diviners were suspect in Rome?

Hypothesis: In the late 1st century AD, Tacitus observed that astrologers "would always be banned and always retained at Rome".


Premise: What year did Schwarzenegger's interview with Talk magazine take place?

Hypothesis: Following his initial comments, Schwarzenegger said, "I'm in show business –


Premise: What is the Rodoviária?

Hypothesis: The main purpose of the metro is to serve cities, such as Samambaia, Taguatinga and Ceilândia, as well as Guará and Águas Claras.


Premise: When was the central body of the Grand Orient de France reconstituted?

Hypothesis: The Grande Loge de France formed under the Grand Mastership of the Duke of Clermont, who exercised only nominal authority.


Premise: Who placed Victoria into her coffin?

Hypothesis: On 25 January, Edward VII, the Kaiser and Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught, helped lift her body into the coffin.


Premise: What was of the major urban development that affected several New Haven neighborhood?

Hypothesis: In 1954, then-mayor Richard C. Lee began some of the earliest major urban renewal projects in the United States.


Premise: Christ and which other Christian figure were often painted red in medieval painting?

Hypothesis: In Medieval painting red was used to attract attention to the most important figures; both Christ and the Virgin Mary were commonly painted wearing red mantles.


Premise: What was the capitol of Medri Bahri?

Hypothesis: With its capital at Debarwa, the state's main provinces were Hamasien, Serae and Akele Guzai.


Premise: What articles are similar to Bulgarian?

Hypothesis: Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have high or diphthongal /e


Premise: What does the area experience?

Hypothesis: The region also experiences occasional periods of drought, during which the city sometimes has restricted water use by residents.


Premise: About how long ago were the Samoan islands discovered?

Hypothesis: The two main islands are Savai'i and Upolu with four smaller islands surrounding the landmasses.


Premise: What kind of error was found in Twilight Princess for Wii?

Hypothesis: Following the discovery of a buffer overflow vulnerability in the Wii version of Twilight Princess, an exploit known as the "Twilight Hack" was developed, allowing the execution of custom code from a Secure Digital (SD) card on the console.


Premise: Which suburbs usually are affected by relatively narrow streams of heavy showers?

Hypothesis: Port Phillip is often warmer than the surrounding oceans and/or the land mass, particularly in spring and autumn; this can set up a "bay effect" similar to the "lake effect" seen in colder climates where showers are intensified leeward of the bay.


Premise: On January 1, 2013, the Kulluk was grounded off the coast of which island?

Hypothesis: As of 1 January 2013, the Kulluk was grounded off the coast Sitkalidak Island, near the eastern end of Kodiak Island.


Premise: What is an example of an involuntary intent of a message related to nonverbal communication?

Hypothesis: Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of a message.


Premise: When were the new generators installed to correct the power problems?

Hypothesis: On 13 February 2008, fire destroyed the fishing factory and the four generators that supplied power to the island.


Premise: Baroque or Classical era influence can be seen in what modern musical style?

Hypothesis: In heavy metal, a number of lead guitarists (playing electric guitar) modeled their playing styles on Baroque or Classical era instrumental music, including Ritchie Blackmore and Randy Rhoads.


Premise: What year was a new constitution passed that discriminated against blacks were passed?

Hypothesis: The Democrat-dominated state legislature passed a new constitution in 1895 that disfranchised blacks, effectively excluding them entirely from the political process, a second-class status that was maintained for more than six decades in a state that was majority black until about 1930.


Premise: What type of tribe celebrated daylight returning?

Hypothesis: Aboard the ship would the marriage of a man and woman be consummated as a fertility ritual.


Premise: When did Murcia become Spanish speaking?

Hypothesis: The city of Alghero in Sardinia was repopulated with Catalan speakers in the 14th century.


Premise: What kind of tale was Tirant lo Blanc?

Hypothesis: Martorell's outstanding novel of chivalry Tirant lo Blanc (1490) shows a transition from Medieval to Renaissance values, something that can also be seen in Metge's work.


Premise: What kind of living materials formed the basis of bitumen?

Hypothesis: Asphalt/bitumen is similar to the organic matter in carbonaceous meteorites.


Premise: What is the plateau known as in West Virginia?

Hypothesis: This same plateau is known as the Cumberland Plateau in southern West Virginia, eastern Kentucky, western Virginia, eastern Tennessee, and northern Alabama.


Premise: What is the favorite prey of leatherback sea turtles?

Hypothesis: Marine mammals are many, such as the dolphins, porpoises and whales, which are seen here during the migration period from December till May. Turtles are a common sight along the coastline of the island.


Premise: Name some of the jobs in the CAF off limits to women in the 1980s.

Hypothesis: On 5 February 1987, the Minister of National Defence created an office to study the impact of employing men and women in combat units.


Premise: Currently how many students total have been approve by the program?

Hypothesis: There are more than 60 cities in the country that have a Promise-type program for their students.


Premise: What was another name for Richmond's Jackson Ward?

Hypothesis: Today, the bank is called the Consolidated Bank and Trust Company, and it is the oldest surviving African-American bank in the U.S. Other figures from this time included John Mitchell, Jr.


Premise: A mammal's brain is how many times larger than a birds relative to body size?

Hypothesis: On average, a mammal has a brain roughly twice as large as that of a bird of the same body size, and ten times as large as that of a reptile of the same body size.


Premise: How many earthquake relief workers were killed?

Hypothesis: According to Chinese state officials, the quake caused 69,180 known deaths including 68,636 in Sichuan province; 18,498 people are listed as missing, and 374,176 injured, but these figures may further increase as more reports come in.[dated info]


Premise: When did the Swaziland constitution come to be?

Hypothesis: The constitution for independent Swaziland was promulgated by Britain in November 1963 under the terms of which legislative and executive councils were established.


Premise: In which district had Kerry considered running in 1970?

Hypothesis: In 1970, Kerry had considered running for Congress in the Democratic primary against hawkish Democrat Philip J. Philbin of Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district, but deferred in favour of Robert Drinan, a Jesuit priest and anti-war activist, who went on to defeat Philbin.


Premise: The majority of the population to finish tertiary schooling in bern are what people?

Hypothesis: Of the 24,311 who completed tertiary schooling, 51.6% were Swiss men, 33.0% were Swiss women, 8.9% were non-Swiss men and 6.5% were non-Swiss women.


Premise: From what monarch did Gaddafi's movement take over Libya?

Hypothesis: Ruling by decree, he implemented measures to remove what he viewed as foreign imperialist influence from Libya, and strengthened ties to Arab nationalist governments.


Premise: How many medical teams were sent to Wenchuan county?

Hypothesis: On the same day, the Chengdu Military Region Command dispatched 50,000 troops and armed police to help with disaster relief work in Wenchuan County.


Premise: Who are the Deputy Prime Ministers?

Hypothesis: The Prime Minister is Kokhir Rasulzoda, the First Deputy Prime Minister is Matlubkhon Davlatov and the two Deputy Prime Ministers are Murodali Alimardon and Ruqiya Qurbanova.


Premise: Around what percentage of the Roman populace were thought to be slaves?

Hypothesis: Slavery and slaves were part of the social order; there were slave markets where they could be bought and sold.


Premise: How many ports does Oklahoma have?

Hypothesis: The only port handling international cargo in the state, the Tulsa Port of Catoosa is the most inland ocean-going port in the nation and ships over two million tons of cargo each year.


Premise: In what year did the Orthodox Church of Greece declare that being a Freemason constituted an act of apostasy?

Hypothesis: In 1933, the Orthodox Church of Greece officially declared that being a Freemason constitutes an act of apostasy and thus, until he repents, the person involved with Freemasonry cannot partake of the Eucharist.


Premise: Who was Mary betrothed to?

Hypothesis: Mary was given to service as a consecrated virgin in the Temple in Jerusalem when she was three years old, much like Hannah took Samuel to the Tabernacle as recorded in the Old Testament.


Premise: England became a possession of which country when it became conquered after the first millennium?

Hypothesis: England however was slowly conquered around the turn of the first millennium AD, and eventually became a feudal possession of Denmark.


Premise: How many data transfer ports are included in most current Macs?

Hypothesis: Starting with the then-new iMac G5, released in October 2005, Apple started to include built-in iSight cameras on appropriate models, and a media center interface called Front Row that can be operated by an Apple Remote or keyboard for accessing media stored on the computer.


Premise: What are advantages of pancake motors?

Hypothesis: These motors were originally invented to drive the capstan(s) of magnetic tape drives in the burgeoning computer industry, where minimal time to reach operating speed and minimal stopping distance were critical.


Premise: Who we responsible for the giant "Y" that is embedded on a mountain near the campus?

Hypothesis: (The BY High School class of 1907 was ultimately responsible for the famous giant "Y" that is to this day embedded on a mountain near campus.)


Premise: What saint is associated with the new Dominican mysticism?

Hypothesis: A smaller emphasis on doctrinal activity favoured the development here and there of the ascetic and contemplative life and there sprang up, especially in Germany and Italy, the mystical movement with which the names of Meister Eckhart, Heinrich Suso, Johannes Tauler, and St. Catherine of Siena are associated.


Premise: How much land did the Congolese government agree to lease to South Africans in 2009?

Hypothesis: The Congolese government signed an agreement in 2009 to lease 200,000 hectares of land to South African farmers to reduce its dependence on imports.


Premise: How many liberians died in the civil war?

Hypothesis: A peace deal between warring parties was reached in 1995, leading to Taylor's election as president in 1997.


Premise: Along with army leaders, police and civil administration, what did the governor control in his province?

Hypothesis: The governor was in charge of the religious officials, army leaders, police, and civil administrators in his province.


Premise: How many people watched the season premiere of American Idol in 2007?

Hypothesis: The premiere drew a massive audience of 37.3 million viewers, peaking in the last half hour with more than 41 million viewers.


Premise: Who was the last person to direct two James Bond movies in a row before Mendes?

Hypothesis: In directing Skyfall and Spectre, Mendes became the first director to oversee two consecutive Bond films since John Glen directed The Living Daylights and Licence to Kill in 1987 and 1989.


Premise: What script is the oldest and still in use today?

Hypothesis: The Shang dynasty oracle bone script and the Zhou dynasty scripts found on Chinese bronze inscriptions are no longer used; the oldest script that is still in use today is the Seal Script (篆書(书), zhuànshū).


Premise: Who created the New York kouros?

Hypothesis: According to the Greek tradition the Dipylon master was named Daedalus, and in his statues the limbs were freed from the body, giving the impression that the statues could move.


Premise: Who was the Google product manager in 2010?

Hypothesis: In May 2011, YouTube reported in its company blog that the site was receiving more than three billion views per day.


Premise: How has the misuse of racial categories historically impacted one or more groups?

Hypothesis: There is active debate regarding the cause of a marked correlation between the recorded crimes, punishments meted out, and the country's populations.


Premise: What is the abbreviation ICRISAT short for?

Hypothesis: The aim was to boost nutrition and livelihoods by producing a product that women could make and sell, and which would be accepted by the local community because of its local heritage.


Premise: Which station is ran by Bay City Television?

Hypothesis: As a whole, the Mexico side of the San Diego-Tijuana market has two duopolies and one triopoly (Entravision Communications owns both XHAS-TV and XHDTV-TV, Azteca owns XHJK-TV and XHTIT-TV, and Grupo Televisa owns XHUAA-TV and XHWT-TV along with being the license holder for XETV-TV, which is run by California-based subsidiary Bay City Television).


Premise: Who was in charge when the reforms was going on?

Hypothesis: The post-Imperial nature of Russian subdivision of government changed towards a generally autonomous model which began with the establishment of the USSR (of which Russia was governed as part).


Premise: How soon after did another series start after the Digimon Adventure 02?

Hypothesis: The series is set three years after the events of Digimon Adventure 02, when Digimon who turn rogue by a mysterious infection appear to wreak havoc in the Human World.


Premise: How many suburban residents take in Detroit's entertainment options?

Hypothesis: A desire to be closer to the urban scene has also attracted some young professionals to reside in inner ring suburbs such as Grosse Pointe and Royal Oak, Detroit.


Premise: The UNESCO has recognized which show as a Masterpiece of Oral & Intangible Heritage of Humanity

Hypothesis: The arts and literature in some of Southeast Asia is quite influenced by Hinduism, which was brought to them centuries ago.


Premise: In meters, how high were the 2008 floods?

Hypothesis: In 2013, heavy waves once again breached the city walls of Majuro.


Premise: How many auditions are there before contestants audition for the judges?

Hypothesis: Only then can they proceed to audition in front of the judges, which is the only audition stage shown on television.


Premise: What city had a higher murder rate than Detroit in 2014?

Hypothesis: Although the murder rate increased by 6% during the first half of 2015, it was surpassed by St Louis and Baltimore which saw much greater spikes in violence.


Premise: What is a VISP?

Hypothesis: VISPs resemble mobile virtual network operators and competitive local exchange carriers for voice communications.


Premise: Who does the voice of Midna?

Hypothesis: her on-screen dialog is often accompanied by a babble of pseudo-speech, which was produced by scrambling the phonemes of English phrases[better source needed] sampled by Japanese voice actress Akiko Kōmoto.


Premise: What is the total number of congregations in Boston?

Hypothesis: The city has a sizable Jewish population with an estimated 25,000 Jews within the city and 227,000 within the Boston metro area; the number of congregations in Boston is estimated at 22.


Premise: Which former enemy wanted an alliance with the Romans?

Hypothesis: The situation was made worse by the fact that Hannibal was now a chief military advisor to the Seleucid emperor, and the two were believed to be planning an outright conquest not just of Greece, but of Rome itself.


Premise: What did China need help for?

Hypothesis: China stated it would gratefully accept international help to cope with the quake.


Premise: What does the diet of cultivated ducks consistof ?

Hypothesis: Domestic ducks are omnivores, eating a variety of animal and plant materials such as aquatic insects, molluscs, worms, small amphibians, waterweeds, and grasses.


Premise: What event on Tuvalu made assistance to the population necessary?

Hypothesis: The Tuvalu Government carried out assessments of the damage caused by Cyclone Pam to the islands and has provided medical aid, food as well as assistance for the cleaning-up of storm debris.


Premise: How are Catalan verbs grouped?

Hypothesis: The verbs of the second conjugation are fewer than 100, and it is not possible to create new ones, except by compounding.


Premise: What are organisms called that show carnivory and herbivory?

Hypothesis: Organisms showing both carnivory and herbivory are known as omnivores.


Premise: Which two Protestant churches, along with the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches, believe that Mary is the Mother of God?

Hypothesis: The Eastern and Oriental Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran Churches believe that Mary, as Mother of Jesus, is the Mother of God and the Theotokos, literally "Giver of birth to God".


Premise: Who composed the Sabre Dance?

Hypothesis: One of the oldest types of Armenian music is the Armenian chant which is the most common kind of religious music in Armenia.


Premise: What is the only barrier to withdrawal contained in many treaties?

Hypothesis: Article 56 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties provides that where a treaty is silent over whether or not it can be denounced there is a rebuttable presumption that it cannot be unilaterally denounced unless:


Premise: What chemical compounds can make glass nearly black?

Hypothesis: Ordinary soda-lime glass appears colorless to the naked eye when it is thin, although iron(II) oxide (FeO) impurities of up to 0.1 wt% produce a green tint, which can be viewed in thick pieces or with the aid of scientific instruments.


Premise: When was the status of Dominions as equal autonomous communities given legal force?

Hypothesis: After pressure from Ireland and South Africa, the 1926 Imperial Conference issued the Balfour Declaration, declaring the Dominions to be "autonomous Communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another" within a "British Commonwealth of Nations".


Premise: What signified the end of Operation Killer?

Hypothesis: Operation Killer concluded with I Corps re-occupying the territory south of the Han River, and IX Corps capturing Hoengseong.


Premise: Where did many of Japan's soldiers come from?

Hypothesis: Japan conscripted many soldiers from its colonies of Korea and Formosa (Taiwan).


Premise: Who said that Nasser conquered the Arab workd with radio?

Hypothesis: By 1957, pan-Arabism was the dominant ideology of the Arab world, and the average Arab citizen considered Nasser his undisputed leader.


Premise: Where do the higher levels of precipitation occur?

Hypothesis: High-water levels in streams and rivers peak in June and July when the snow is still melting at the higher altitudes.


Premise: The team that discovered M458 was led by who?

Hypothesis: Woźniak and colleagues pointed out that the pedigree mutation rate, giving a later date, is more consistent with the archaeological record.


Premise: What did Shell indicate was a reason for the strategic review of operations in Nigeria?

Hypothesis: In June 2013, the company announced a strategic review of its operations in Nigeria, hinting that assets could be divested.


Premise: What is the former name of Radio Gaalkacyo?

Hypothesis: Radio Gaalkacyo, formerly known as Radio Free Somalia, operates from Galkayo in the north-central Mudug province.


Premise: Which six universities were the most renowned in northern Europe?

Hypothesis: Many of the leading universities associated with Enlightenment progressive principles were located in northern Europe, with the most renowned being the universities of Leiden, Göttingen, Halle, Montpellier, Uppsala and Edinburgh.


Premise: What foundation was laid that is the demographics of Modern Greek Enlightenment Era ?

Hypothesis: Before the establishment of the Modern Greek state, the link between ancient and modern Greeks was emphasized by the scholars of Greek Enlightenment especially by Rigas Feraios.


Premise: How many full-time faculty members does Northwestern employ?

Hypothesis: The university employs 3,401 full-time faculty members across its eleven schools, including 18 members of the National Academy of Sciences, 65 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 19 members of the National Academy of Engineering, and 6 members of the Institute of Medicine.


Premise: What was another country with similar immigration patterns to post Soviet Estonia?

Hypothesis: As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement.


Premise: What battle inaugurated the conquering of the Kathmandu Valley by the Gorkha?

Hypothesis: The Battle of Kirtipur was the start of the Gorkha conquest of the Kathmandu Valley.


Premise: Why were outbreaks of measles and smallpox able to so easily decimate the Taínos' population?

Hypothesis: Increasing punishment of the Taínos for revolting against forced labour, despite measures put in place by the encomienda, which included religious education and protection from warring tribes, eventually led to the last great Taíno rebellion.


Premise: When was an accidental email sent to potential students of Eton that warranted a personal apology to each family?

Hypothesis: The email was intended for nine students, but an IT glitch caused the email to be sent to 400 additional families, who didn't necessarily have a place.


Premise: Which festival spans five days?

Hypothesis: River Days, a five-day summer festival on the International Riverfront lead up to the Windsor–Detroit International Freedom Festival fireworks, which draw super sized-crowds ranging from hundreds of thousands to over three million people.


Premise: When did North Korean forces initiate attacks on US and UN forces in the Korean war?

Hypothesis: North Korean forces struck massively in the summer of 1950 and nearly drove the outnumbered US and ROK defenders into the sea.


Premise: What year did the Queen and Albert purchase Balmoral Castle?

Hypothesis: She did undertake her official government duties, yet chose to remain secluded in her royal residences—Windsor Castle, Osborne House, and the private estate in Scotland that she and Albert had acquired in 1847, Balmoral Castle.


Premise: What extreme measure did the Californios take to try to draw the Americans out of the pueblo?

Hypothesis: The Californios drove cattle away from the pueblo hoping to starve the Americans and their Californio supporters out.


Premise: What is an example of an English city where breweries were run by the government?

Hypothesis: There was a special case established under the State Management Scheme where the brewery and licensed premises were bought and run by the state until 1973, most notably in Carlisle.


Premise: What can happen if species immigrate to a new location?

Hypothesis: Darwin takes as an example a country where a change in conditions led to extinction of some species, immigration of others and, where suitable variations occurred, descendants of some species became adapted to new conditions.


Premise: For how many years had the My Pyramid graphic been released at the time of the Mississippi Delta study?

Hypothesis: For example, only 12 percent of study participants identified the My Pyramid graphic two years after it had been launched by the USDA.


Premise: Who was the twentieth bishop of Alexandria?

Hypothesis: Saint Athanasius of Alexandria (/ˌæθəˈneɪʃəs/; Greek: Ἀθανάσιος Ἀλεξανδρείας, Athanásios Alexandrías; c. 296–298 – 2 May 373), also called Athanasius the Great, Athanasius the Confessor or, primarily in the Coptic Orthodox Church, Athanasius the Apostolic, was the twentieth bishop of Alexandria (as Athanasius I).


Premise: Along with the Middle East and North America, to what continent did the Somali diaspora go in the 1990s?

Hypothesis: Civil strife in the early 1990s greatly increased the size of the Somali diaspora, as many of the best educated Somalis left for the Middle East, Europe and North America.


Premise: What option is allowed to those caught with small amounts of drugs?

Hypothesis: While possession is legal, trafficking and possession of more than "10 days worth of personal use" are still punishable by jail time and fines.


Premise: What was August von Hayek's occupation?

Hypothesis: August von Hayek was also a part-time botany lecturer at the University of Vienna.


Premise: What is sexual orientation defined as?

Hypothesis: People who have a homosexual sexual orientation that does not align with their sexual identity are sometimes referred to as 'closeted'.


Premise: What was the name of the first settlement in the area?

Hypothesis: The English conquered the New Netherland colony in 1664, but the situation did not really change until 1682, when the area was included in William Penn's charter for Pennsylvania.


Premise: About how many days a year does the temperature in Richmond go above 32 degrees Celsius?

Hypothesis: The coldest weather normally occurs from late December to early February, and the January daily mean temperature is 37.9 °F (3.3 °C), with an average of 6.0 days with highs at or below the freezing mark.


Premise: When did the Northern cod fishery collapse?

Hypothesis: After a decade of high unemployment rates and depopulation, the city's proximity to the Hibernia, Terra Nova and White Rose oil fields has led to an economic boom that has spurred population growth and commercial development.


Premise: Napoleon's victory at which battle led to the end of the Holy Roman Empire?

Hypothesis: Another victory over the Austrians at the Battle of Marengo in 1800 secured his political power.


Premise: Who could be made vulnerable by the Gasemtschulen?

Hypothesis: However it is not students attending a comprehensive, but students attending a Hauptschule, who perform the poorest.


Premise: What Epistle described the cross?

Hypothesis: However, early Christian writers who speak of the shape of the particular gibbet on which Jesus died invariably describe it as having a cross-beam.


Premise: Who wrote the book Science Versus Crime which challenged the logic of falsificationism?

Hypothesis: The simplest response to this is that, because Popper describes how theories attain, maintain and lose scientific status, individual consequences of currently accepted scientific theories are scientific in the sense of being part of tentative scientific knowledge, and both of Hempel's examples fall under this category.


Premise: Which Tennessee city has the largest African-American population?

Hypothesis: In the early 21st century, Republican voters control most of the state, especially in the more rural and suburban areas outside of the cities; Democratic strength is mostly confined to the urban cores of the four major cities, and is particularly strong in the cities of Nashville and Memphis.


Premise: In short, the term Far East appeared to name this area

Hypothesis: In about the middle of the 19th century "Near East" came into use to describe that part of the east closest to Europe.


Premise: What National Park can be found in the North?

Hypothesis: In the north, the Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park is well-populated with wildlife, including leopards, lions, cheetahs and rhinos, and the Bamingui-Bangoran National Park is located in the northeast of CAR.


Premise: When did the government compensate the British by moving the cemetery to Buceo?

Hypothesis: The cemetery originated when the Englishman Mr. Thomas Samuel Hood purchased a plot of land in the name of the English residents in 1828.


Premise: What year were the new England patriots founded in?

Hypothesis: They share Gillette Stadium with the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer.


Premise: Who operate league systems?

Hypothesis: The top few teams may be promoted to a higher division, and one or more of the teams finishing at the bottom are relegated to a lower division.


Premise: What Venetian spent most of his career in England?

Hypothesis: Major architects to promote the change in direction from baroque were Colen Campbell, author of the influential book Vitruvius Britannicus (1715-1725); Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington and his protégé William Kent; Isaac Ware; Henry Flitcroft and the Venetian Giacomo Leoni, who spent most of his career in England.


Premise: Name the four opponents of Prussia.

Hypothesis: In spite of this, the Prussians were now facing the prospect of four major powers attacking on four fronts (France from the West, Austria from the South, Russia from the East and Sweden from the North).


Premise: Where are equine events hosted?

Hypothesis: Other major sporting events include Thoroughbred and Quarter horse racing circuits at Remington Park and numerous horse shows and equine events that take place at the state fairgrounds each year.


Premise: What is another term for vegetables that was used?

Hypothesis: The first recorded nutritional experiment with human subjects is found in the Bible's Book of Daniel.


Premise: The energy used for metabolism of the brain in humans is what percentage?

Hypothesis: The energy consumption of the brain does not vary greatly over time, but active regions of the cerebral cortex consume somewhat more energy than inactive regions; this forms the basis for the functional brain imaging methods PET, fMRI, and NIRS.


Premise: Where was the January 2 memorial service?

Hypothesis: On October 28, 1989, the Ukrainian Supreme Soviet decreed that effective January 1, 1990, Ukrainian would be the official language of Ukraine, while Russian would be used for communication between ethnic groups.


Premise: What Somali group is affiliated with al-Qaeda?

Hypothesis: On 14 September 2009, U.S. Special Forces killed two men and wounded and captured two others near the Somali village of Baarawe.


Premise: What does Darwin theorize about different species with regard to variety?

Hypothesis: Darwin and Wallace made variation among individuals of the same species central to understanding the natural world.


Premise: What is the English connotative understanding of the word madrash?

Hypothesis: However, in English, the term madrasah usually refers to the specifically Islamic institutions.


Premise: Who is Edward's mother?

Hypothesis: Edward had been advised by British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin that he could not remain king and marry a divorced woman with two living ex-husbands.


Premise: What is a Sangoma in Swaziland?

Hypothesis: The Sangoma is a traditional diviner chosen by the ancestors of that particular family.


Premise: What type of project would call for more than one element used together?

Hypothesis: If more performance is needed, one cannot simply make the antenna larger.


Premise: In medical diagnosis, what is pain considered?

Hypothesis: In medical diagnosis, pain is a symptom.


Premise: Which Lophotrochozoa phyla have similar egg development?

Hypothesis: The "Lophotrochozoa" hypothesis is also supported by the fact that many phyla within this group, including annelids, molluscs, nemerteans and flatworms, follow a similar pattern in the fertilized egg's development.


Premise: Approximately when did the Nepalese tourism industry begin?

Hypothesis: The hotel industry, travel agencies, training of tourist guides, and targeted publicity campaigns are the chief reasons for the remarkable growth of this industry in Nepal, and in Kathmandu in particular.


Premise: What exists within the main Unicode categories?

Hypothesis: The General Category is not useful for every use, since legacy encodings have used multiple characteristics per single code point.


Premise: What did an autopsy reveal was in Rashidi Wheeler's system after he died during a practice?

Hypothesis: In August 2001, Rashidi Wheeler, a senior safety, collapsed and died during practice from an asthma attack.


Premise: During his vacation in 1824 and 1825 who did Chopin spend his vacation with?

Hypothesis: During 1824–28 Chopin spent his vacations away from Warsaw, at a number of locales.[n 4]


Premise: What is Nanjing's airport called?

Hypothesis: Lukou Airport was opened on 28 June 1997, replacing Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport as the main airport serving Nanjing.


Premise: After 2009, who began fighting in Waziristan?

Hypothesis: In September 2009, a U.S. Drone strike reportedly killed Ilyas Kashmiri, who was the chief of Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami, a Kashmiri militant group associated with Al-Qaeda.


Premise: What is the native Irish term for a pub's atmosphere?

Hypothesis: A side effect of "The Troubles" was that the lack of a tourist industry meant that a higher proportion of traditional bars have survived the wholesale refitting of Irish pub interiors in the 'English style' in the 1950s and 1960s.


Premise: Where do colder areas occur within southern Europe?

Hypothesis: Cooler climates can be found in certain parts of Southern European countries, for example within the mountain ranges of Spain and Italy.


Premise: How many of the people who live in Houston were foreign born?

Hypothesis: The metropolitan area is home to an estimated 1.1 million (21.4 percent)


Premise: How far back do the first written records of Estonia's Finnic languages go?

Hypothesis: Originates Livoniae in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia contains Estonian place names, words and fragments of sentences.


Premise: How is Y-DNA passed along?

Hypothesis: Neither recombines, and thus Y-DNA and mtDNA change only by chance mutation at each generation with no intermixture between parents' genetic material.


Premise: What person was considered to be "Mother of the camp''?

Hypothesis: A senior magistrate-commander (sometimes even a consul) headed it, his chain of subordinates ran it and a ferocious system of training and discipline ensured that every citizen-soldier knew his duty.


Premise: Where did most settlement occur after the Louisiana Purchase?

Hypothesis: As such, this was where most of the initial non-indigenous settlement occurred in the years following the Alaska Purchase.


Premise: Which country did Britain acquire Newfoundland and Acadia from?

Hypothesis: Spain also ceded the rights to the lucrative asiento (permission to sell slaves in Spanish America) to Britain.


Premise: Who took control of Egypt from Sasanian Persian rule?

Hypothesis: The Byzantines were able to regain control of the country after a brief Sasanian Persian invasion early in the 7th century amidst the Byzantine–


Premise: Pectoralis account for what percentage of total mass of a bird?

Hypothesis: Flight is the primary means of locomotion for most bird species and is used for breeding, feeding, and predator avoidance and escape.


Premise: Where is the Oklahoma History Center located?

Hypothesis: Located across the street from the governor's mansion at 800 Nazih Zuhdi Drive in northeast Oklahoma City, the museum opened in 2005 and is operated by the Oklahoma Historical Society.


Premise: What allows people to hunt over the internet?

Hypothesis: When Internet hunting was introduced in 2005, allowing people to hunt over the Internet using remotely controlled guns, the practice was widely criticised by hunters as violating the principles of fair chase.


Premise: What condition was Napoleon's body in when it was moved in 1840?

Hypothesis: His description of Napoleon in the months before his death led Sten Forshufvud in a 1961 paper in Nature to put forward other causes for his death, including deliberate arsenic poisoning.


Premise: How do the English hunt foxes?

Hypothesis: Similar to fox hunting in many ways is the chasing of hares with hounds.


Premise: Than which queen has Elizabeth ruled longer?

Hypothesis: In 2015, she surpassed the reign of her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, to become the longest-reigning British head of state and the longest-reigning queen regnant in world history.


Premise: Environmental and human rights groups have created action plans to do what?

Hypothesis: It has also led to action plans to boycott Shell by environmental groups, and human rights groups.


Premise: What is the name of the solar energy research facility in Japan?

Hypothesis: Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US (SERI, now NREL), Japan (NEDO), and Germany (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE).


Premise: Where did the route start for the torch in Dar es Salaam?

Hypothesis: The relay began at the grand terminal of the TAZARA Railway, which was China's largest foreign aid project of the 1970s, and continued for 5 km through the old city to the Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium in Temeke, which was built with Chinese aid in 2005.


Premise: From what was the Tibetan language's script derived?

Hypothesis: The Tibetan language has its own script which it shares with Ladakhi and Dzongkha, and which is derived from the ancient Indian Brāhmī script.


Premise: What singer criticized Carrie Underwood for winning a Country Music Award?

Hypothesis: LeAnn Rimes, commenting on Carrie Underwood winning Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards over Faith Hill in 2006, said that "Carrie has not paid her dues long enough to fully deserve that award".


Premise: IBM acquired digital assets of this company on October 28, 2015.

Hypothesis: On October 28, 2015, IBM announced its acquisition of digital assets from The Weather Company—a holding company of Bain Capital, The Blackstone Group and NBCUniversal which owns The Weather Channel, including its weather data platforms (such as Weather Services International), websites (Weather.com and Weather Underground) and mobile apps.


Premise: What types of trophies would hunters keep as trophies to be displayed as a sign of their prowess?

Hypothesis: The safari method of hunting was a development of sport hunting that saw elaborate travel in Africa, India and other places in pursuit of trophies.


Premise: How do the capacitors connected in parallel act with currents from the power supply?

Hypothesis: Capacitors are connected in parallel with the power circuits of most electronic devices and larger systems (such as factories) to shunt away and conceal current fluctuations from the primary power source to provide a "clean" power supply for signal or control circuits.


Premise: What formed after the craton Baltica and the terrane Avalonia collision?

Hypothesis: 488–444 Ma and early Silurian period, when the craton Baltica collided with the terrane Avalonia to form the mountains and hills in northern Britain and Ireland.


Premise: What are Guinea peppers used in?

Hypothesis: Common ingredients include yams, sweet potato, cassava, onion, tomato and plantain.


Premise: What lists 2,500 common characters?

Hypothesis: GB2312, an early version of the national encoding standard used in the People's Republic of China, has 6,763 code points.


Premise: What was AJ Ayer an important member of?

Hypothesis: Some of the key figures in this movement were Otto Neurath, Moritz Schlick and the rest of the Vienna Circle, along with A.J. Ayer, Rudolf Carnap and Hans Reichenbach.


Premise: In what year did the Ottoman Empire end?

Hypothesis: Since the 19th century, a large proportion of Muslim peoples from the Balkans emigrated to present-day Turkey.


Premise: What prolific composer and producer of musicals has been a major force in the West End theater district?

Hypothesis: Within the City of Westminster in London the entertainment district of the West End has its focus around Leicester Square, where London and world film premieres are held, and Piccadilly Circus, with its giant electronic advertisements.


Premise: What three speeds were sound on most home stereos in the mid 1950's?

Hypothesis: From the mid-1950s through the 1960s, in the U.S. the common home record player or "stereo" (after the introduction of stereo recording) would typically have had these features: a three- or four-speed player (78, 45, 33 1⁄3, and sometimes 16 2⁄3 rpm); with changer, a tall spindle that would hold several records and automatically drop a new record on top of the previous one when it had finished playing, a combination cartridge with both 78 and microgroove styli and a way to flip between the two; and some kind of adapter for playing the 45s with their larger center hole.


Premise: What was Metrolite and Sav-o-flex materials primarily used for?

Hypothesis: Later, Decca Records introduced vinyl Deccalite 78s, while other record companies came up with vinyl concoctions such as Metrolite, Merco Plastic and Sav-o-flex, but these were mainly used to produce "unbreakable" children's records and special thin vinyl DJ pressings for shipment to radio stations.


Premise: What did the native peoples of Saint-Barthélemy call the island?

Hypothesis: Often abbreviated to Saint-Barth in French, or St. Barts or St. Barths in English, the indigenous people called the island Ouanalao.


Premise: Most experts can at least agree that the earliest pre-modern human migration took place when?

Hypothesis: The majority of experts agree that the earliest pre-modern human migration via Beringia took place at least 13,500 years ago, with disputed evidence that people had migrated into the Americas much earlier, up to 40,000 years ago.


Premise: What 3 factors have international relations theorists considered factors for great power status?

Hypothesis: International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions.


Premise: What large species of antelope once made its home in the desert areas of the Middle East?

Hypothesis: However, the species' striking appearance made it (along with the closely related scimitar-horned oryx and addax) a popular quarry for sport hunters, especially foreign executives of oil companies working in the region.[citation needed]


Premise: Prior to the expansion of the service sector, what sector was the largest employer in New Delhi?

Hypothesis: The city's service sector has expanded due in part to the large skilled English-speaking workforce that has attracted many multinational companies.


Premise: How much percentage of the sun does Neptune get compared to Uranus?

Hypothesis: Although Neptune lies over 50% further from the Sun than Uranus, and receives only 40% its amount of sunlight, the two planets' surface temperatures are roughly equal.


Premise: What percentage of American prison inmates are African American?

Hypothesis: However, that number is lower than that of prison inmates, which is 47 percent.


Premise: What kind of invertebrates have been found on the island?

Hypothesis: St Helena's biodiversity, however, also includes marine vertebrates, invertebrates (freshwater, terrestrial and marine), fungi (including lichen-forming species), non-vascular plants, seaweeds and other biological groups.


Premise: Who commanded the German 1st Army?

Hypothesis: Ignoring Moltke's plan again, both German armies attacked Frossard's French 2nd Corps, fortified between Spicheren and Forbach.


Premise: When was the Battle of the Styles contested?

Hypothesis: Neoclassical architecture remained popular, and was the opponent of Gothic in the Battle of the Styles of the early Victorian period.


Premise: Who controlled Macedon after Alexander died?

Hypothesis: After a period of confusion following Alexander's death, the Antigonid dynasty, descended from one of Alexander's generals, established its control over Macedon and most of the Greek city-states by 276 BC.


Premise: What distinguishes peremptory norms from other principles of customary law?

Hypothesis: These norms, unlike other principles of customary law, are recognized as permitting no violations and so cannot be altered through treaty obligations.


Premise: Are there any answers to the Pradox of the Stone?

Hypothesis: According to the Omnipotence paradox or 'Paradox of the Stone', can God create a stone so heavy that he cannot lift it?


Premise: How did Gaddafi feel about the British officers?

Hypothesis: He later related that while he travelled to England believing it more advanced than Libya, he returned home "more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character."


Premise: Where does most of In Transit take place?

Hypothesis: According to the show's website, it is scheduled to reopen for an open-ended commercial run in the Fall of 2011.


Premise: What cities may have influenced the beliefs of Gemistus Pleto?

Hypothesis: One humanist, the Greek Orthodox Platonist Gemistus Pletho (1355–1452), based in Mystras, Greece (but in contact with humanists in Florence, Venice, and Rome) taught a Christianised version of pagan polytheism.


Premise: In what area did these ideological reforms not take place until much later?

Hypothesis: The Iroquois philosophy in particular gave much to Christian thought of the time and in many cases actually inspired some of the institutions adopted in the United States: for example, Benjamin Franklin was a great admirer of some of the methods of the Iroquois Confederacy, and much of early American literature emphasized the political philosophy of the natives.


Premise: When was the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder introduced?

Hypothesis: Personal Video Recorder was introduced.


Premise: What were some of the downsides of the more liberal Soviet Union?

Hypothesis: Under Gorbachev's leadership, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1989 introduced limited competitive elections to a new central legislature, the Congress of People's Deputies (although the ban on other political parties was not lifted until 1990).


Premise: In what year was Clive Davis let go at CBS Records Group?

Hypothesis: The CBS Records Group was led very successfully by Clive Davis until his dismissal in 1972, after it was discovered that Davis has used CBS funds to finance his personal life, including an expensive bar mitzvah party for his son.


Premise: Which sites gave the Wii copy of Twilight Princess scores of 95% and 95?

Hypothesis: GameTrailers in their review called it one of the greatest games ever created.


Premise: What was the name of the black teenager that Tom Robinson was supposedly based on?

Hypothesis: The origin of Tom Robinson is less clear, although many have speculated that his character was inspired by several models.


Premise: What were two of the last territories Portugal gave up?

Hypothesis: Portugal's colonial history has long since been a cornerstone of its national identity, as has its geographic position at the south-western corner of Europe, looking out into the Atlantic Ocean.


Premise: The Constitution Act mentions the prime minister in the context of which kinds of other ministers?

Hypothesis: In the Constitution Act, 1982, passing reference to a "Prime Minister of Canada" is added, though only regarding the composition of conferences of federal and provincial first ministers.


Premise: Who was Governor of Virginia in 1781

Hypothesis: The latter motive proved to be in vain, and in 1781, under the command of Benedict Arnold, Richmond was burned by British troops, causing Governor Thomas Jefferson to flee as the Virginia militia, led by Sampson Mathews, defended the city.


Premise: Where does it end in the US?

Hypothesis: The highest of the group is Mount Mitchell in North Carolina at 6,684 feet (2,037 m), which is the highest point in the United States east of the Mississippi River.


Premise: When was the last Pyrenees Cup played?

Hypothesis: The last edition was held in 1914 in the city of Barcelona, which local rivals Espanyol won.


Premise: How many Russians were in defense?

Hypothesis: Just east of the Oder in Brandenburg-Neumark, at the Battle of Zorndorf (now Sarbinowo, Poland), a Prussian army of 35,000 men under Frederick on Aug. 25, 1758, fought a Russian army of 43,000 commanded by Count William Fermor.


Premise: Who called her Hottest Female Singer of all Time?

Hypothesis: She was named "World's Most Beautiful Woman" by People and the "Hottest Female Singer of All Time" by Complex in 2012.


Premise: Along with people with diminished immune function, like HIV patients, what group of people is more likely to develop extrapulmonary TB?

Hypothesis: Extrapulmonary TB occurs more commonly in immunosuppressed persons and young children.


Premise: What country does the local industry that manufactures fibre get their flax from?

Hypothesis: A local industry manufacturing fibre from New Zealand flax was successfully reestablished in 1907 and generated considerable income during the First World War.


Premise: What type of system is American Federalism?

Hypothesis: However, the scope of federal preemption is limited because the scope of federal power is not universal.


Premise: What sort  of practices did the Greeks offer to Rome's culture?

Hypothesis: The presence of Greeks on the Italian peninsula from the beginning of the historical period influenced Roman culture, introducing some religious practices that became as fundamental as the cult of Apollo.


Premise: What are the three main types of autonomy?

Hypothesis: Psychologists have identified three main types of autonomy: emotional independence, behavioral autonomy, and cognitive autonomy.


Premise: What kind of human life-style is pushing hunter-gatherers out of their environment?

Hypothesis: Many groups continued their hunter-gatherer ways of life, although their numbers have continually declined, partly as a result of pressure from growing agricultural and pastoral communities.


Premise: When was Catalan's Golden Age as a dominant language?

Hypothesis: During the Low Middle Ages it saw a golden age as the literary and dominant language of the Crown of Aragon, and was widely used all over the Mediterranean.


Premise: At what location is most weather data collected for the Seattle area?

Hypothesis: Despite being on the margin of the rain shadow of the Olympic Mountains, the city has a reputation for frequent rain.


Premise: Where does the word God come from originally?

Hypothesis: The earliest written form of the Germanic word God (always, in this usage, capitalized) comes from the 6th-century Christian Codex Argenteus.


Premise: Who followed Tony Blair as Prime Minister?

Hypothesis: Rupert Murdoch, head of The Sun's parent company News Corporation, speaking at a 2007 meeting with the House of Lords Select Committee on Communications, which was investigating media ownership and the news, said that he acts as a "traditional proprietor".


Premise: What's the common name for Picea abies?

Hypothesis: Certain types of musical instruments, such as those of the violin family, the guitar, the clarinet and recorder, the xylophone, and the marimba, are traditionally made mostly or entirely of wood.


Premise: When did iPod owners take issue with the fragility of the iPod screen?

Hypothesis: In late 2005, many users complained that the surface of the first generation iPod Nano can become scratched easily, rendering the screen unusable.


Premise: What day did Queen Victoria celebrate her Golden Jubilee at a dinner with kings and queens from other nations?

Hypothesis: Victoria marked the fiftieth anniversary of her accession on 20 June with a banquet to which 50 kings and princes were invited.


Premise: What might Neptune's rings consist of?

Hypothesis: The rings may consist of ice particles coated with silicates or carbon-based material, which most likely gives them a reddish hue.


Premise: Who is exempt from the standard and uses their own?

Hypothesis: The AVL, created by the Valencian parliament, is in charge of dictating the official rules governing the use of Valencian, and its standard is based on the Norms of Castelló (Normes de Castelló).


Premise: Which body of water is to the east of Zhejiang?

Hypothesis: Zhejiang is bordered by Jiangsu province and Shanghai municipality to the north, Anhui province to the northwest, Jiangxi province to the west, and Fujian province to the south; to the east is the East China Sea, beyond which lie the Ryukyu Islands of Japan.


Premise: What national part is located in the South West?

Hypothesis: In the north, the Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park is well-populated with wildlife, including leopards, lions, cheetahs and rhinos, and the Bamingui-Bangoran National Park is located in the northeast of CAR.


Premise: When were the first supplemental LTRO's offered?

Hypothesis: The ECB's first supplementary longer-term refinancing operation (LTRO) with a six-month maturity was announced March 2008.


Premise: What is the drawback of using antibiotics if agriculture?

Hypothesis: Antibiotics are used both in treating human disease and in intensive farming to promote animal growth, where they may be contributing to the rapid development of antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations.


Premise: What jurisdiction was the Prussian lands under?

Hypothesis: Although Brandenburg was a part of the Holy Roman Empire, the Prussian lands were not within the Holy Roman Empire and were with the administration by the Teutonic Order grandmasters under jurisdiction of the Emperor.


Premise: What is another benefit of nocturnal migration?

Hypothesis: Nocturnal migrants minimize predation, avoid overheating, and can feed during the day.


Premise: What relationship did Western countries continue with Estonia?

Hypothesis: In the initial period of 1987–1989, this was partially for more economic independence, but as the Soviet Union weakened and it became increasingly obvious that nothing short of full independence would do, Estonia began a course towards self-determination.


Premise: Are there exceptions to Texas official language?

Hypothesis: The Government of Texas, through Section 2054.116 of the Government Code, mandates that state agencies provide information on their websites in Spanish to assist residents who have limited English proficiency.


Premise: In what year was Ali killed?

Hypothesis: In the Hasan-Muawiya treaty, Hasan ibn Ali handed over power to Muawiya on the condition that he be just to the people and keep them safe and secure, and after his death he not establish a dynasty.


Premise: Avfuel, a global supplier of what services is headquartered in Ann Arbor?

Hypothesis: Avfuel, a global supplier of aviation fuels and services, is also headquartered in Ann Arbor.


Premise: What is another name for ectosymbiosis?

Hypothesis: Examples of this include ectoparasites such as lice, commensal ectosymbionts such as the barnacles that attach themselves to the jaw of baleen whales, and mutualist ectosymbionts such as cleaner fish.


Premise: Where was the Six Nations Reserve located?

Hypothesis: He continued his interest in the study of the human voice and when he discovered the Six Nations Reserve across the river at Onondaga, he learned the Mohawk language and translated its unwritten vocabulary into Visible Speech symbols.


Premise: When was the latest design intoduced?

Hypothesis: Arsenal are the current holders, having beaten Aston Villa 4–0 in the 2015 final to win the cup for the second year in a row.


Premise: When did the Italian Navy first attack Valencia?

Hypothesis: The inevitable march to civil war and the combat in Madrid resulted in the removal of the capital of the Republic to Valencia.


Premise: PIccolo, contrabassoon, and trombones add to the triumphal finales of what piece by Beethoven?

Hypothesis: The Ninth asks for a second pair of horns, for reasons similar to the "Eroica" (four horns has since become standard); Beethoven's use of piccolo, contrabassoon, trombones, and untuned percussion—plus chorus and vocal soloists—in his finale, are his earliest suggestion that the timbral boundaries of symphony should be expanded.


Premise: When did same-sex marriages become legal in Spain?

Hypothesis: I of Belgium, who had refused to sign the Belgian law legalising abortion.


Premise: Over how many million people speak Czech?

Hypothesis: It is closely related to other West Slavic languages, such as Silesian and Polish.


Premise: If you need a date of four days less, what do you subtract from the Julian calendar?

Hypothesis: Thus if the calculated value is -4 the Gregorian equivalent of this date is February 24.


Premise: How many states does Mexico have?

Hypothesis: Haute, fusion, kosher, vegetarian and vegan cuisines are also available, as are restaurants solely based on the concepts of local food and slow Food.


Premise: What details did Modernists' do away with?

Hypothesis: Immediately after World War I, pioneering modernist architects sought to develop a completely new style appropriate for a new post-war social and economic order, focused on meeting the needs of the middle and working classes.


Premise: Within what university is Oklahoma's only optometry college?

Hypothesis: Oklahoma holds eleven public regional universities, including Northeastern State University, the second-oldest institution of higher education west of the Mississippi River, also containing the only College of Optometry in Oklahoma and the largest enrollment of Native American students in the nation by percentage and amount.


Premise: How long has democratic leader of whips held position?

Hypothesis: The current senior chief deputy minority whip, John Lewis, has held his post since 1991.


Premise: What magazine does Ramin Wetoodeh write for?

Hypothesis: Others focused on the personalities in the show; Ramin Setoodeh of Newsweek accused judge Simon Cowell's cruel critiques in the show of helping to establish in the wider world a culture of meanness, that "Simon Cowell has dragged the rest of us in the mud with him."


Premise: In 1876 who lobbied for the construction of the differential analyzers?

Hypothesis: In 1876 Lord Kelvin had already discussed the possible construction of such calculators, but he had been stymied by the limited output torque of the ball-and-disk integrators.


Premise: Who did Martin think Eisenhower should have made better use of?

Hypothesis: The administration never made use of many Republicans of consequence whose services in one form or another would have been available for the asking."


Premise: At the high end, what percentage of Afrikaans words come from Dutch?

Hypothesis: It is estimated that between 90% to 95% of Afrikaans vocabulary is ultimately of Dutch origin.


Premise: What is often utilized as a short name for the group?

Hypothesis: Usually, it is clear from the context whether a symbol like G refers to a group or to an underlying set.


Premise: Where do the European pied flycatcher breed?

Hypothesis: For example, the pink-footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus migrates from Iceland to Britain and neighbouring countries, whilst the dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis migrates from subarctic and arctic climates to the contiguous United States and the American goldfinch from taiga to wintering grounds extending from the American South northwestward to Western Oregon.


Premise: How did Old Czech's use of cases differ from modern usage?

Hypothesis: Its use of cases differed from the modern language; although Old Czech did not yet have a vocative case or an animacy distinction, declension for its six cases and three genders rapidly became complicated (partially to differentiate homophones) and its declension patterns resembled those of Lithuanian (its Balto-Slavic cousin).


Premise: Which company introduced hybrid incandescent bulbs?

Hypothesis: Laboratory proof-of-concept experiments have produced as much as 45 lm/W, approaching the efficacy of compact fluorescent bulbs.


Premise: When was the first national census taken in China?

Hypothesis: In China's first known nationwide census taken in 2 AD, the population was registered as having 57,671,400 individuals in 12,366,470 households.


Premise: For what reason did Prime Minister Passos Coelho justify cutting 30000 jobs?

Hypothesis: In the first week of May 2013, Prime Minister Passos Coelho announced a significant government plan for the public sector, whereby 30,000 jobs will be cut and the number of weekly working hours will be increased from 35 to 40 hours.


Premise: To which Secretary did Carothers write?

Hypothesis: Whether trying to please the U.S. government or through the diplomatic efforts of Sommerfeld and Carothers, or maybe as a result of both, Villa stepped out from under Carranza’s stated foreign policy.


Premise: What are rhythms provided by in House music?

Hypothesis: While house displayed several characteristics similar to disco music, it was more electronic and minimalistic, and the repetitive rhythm of house was more important than the song itself.


Premise: What countries other than Brazil was Brazil's no wave music exported to?

Hypothesis: In Brazil, the post-punk scene grew after the generation of Brasilia rock with bands such as Legião Urbana, Capital Inicial and Plebe Rude and then the opening of the music club Madame Satã in São Paulo, with acts like Cabine C, Titãs, Patife Band, Fellini and Mercenárias, as documented on compilations like The Sexual Life of the Savages and the Não Wave/Não São Paulo series, released in the UK, Germany and Brazil, respectively.[citation needed]


Premise: When is Carnival celebrated?

Hypothesis: Alpine festivals vary from country to country and often include the display of local costumes such as dirndl and trachten, the playing of Alpenhorns, wrestling matches, some pagan traditions such as Walpurgis Night and, in many areas, Carnival is celebrated before Lent.


Premise: During what century were reformed passed that allowed laws passed by the plebeians to have the full force of the law?

Hypothesis: During the 5th century BC, a series of reforms were passed.


Premise: Who did Aksum conquer in order to extend its rule over the Arabian peninsula?

Hypothesis: The state also established its hegemony over the declining Kingdom of Kush and regularly entered the politics of the kingdoms on the Arabian peninsula, eventually extending its rule over the region with the conquest of the Himyarite Kingdom.


Premise: When did the Ann Arbor news end its print?

Hypothesis: The newspaper ended its 174-year print run in 2009, due to economic difficulties.


Premise: When did the Cubs record their 10,000 regular-season win?

Hypothesis: The Cubs reached the milestone with an overall National League record of 10,000-9,465.


Premise: Who designed the foundation stone of the city of New Delhi?

Hypothesis: The foundation stone of the city was laid by George V, Emperor of India during the Delhi Durbar of 1911.


Premise: When did Spielberg join the Boy Scouts?

Hypothesis: In 1958, he became a Boy Scout and fulfilled a requirement for the photography merit badge by making a nine-minute 8 mm film entitled The Last Gunfight.


Premise: What was William Scott Wilson's occupation?

Hypothesis: According to translator William Scott Wilson: "In Chinese, the character 侍 was originally a verb meaning "to wait upon" or "accompany persons" in the upper ranks of society, and this is also true of the original term in Japanese, saburau.


Premise: What are the ranging signals of the BeiDou system based on?

Hypothesis: The ranging signals are based on the CDMA principle and have complex structure typical of Galileo or modernized GPS.


Premise: How long was Nunez president of Barcelona?

Hypothesis: His presidency was to last for 22 years, and it deeply affected the image of Barcelona, as Núñez held to a strict policy regarding wages and discipline, letting go of such players as Maradona, Romário and Ronaldo rather than meeting their demands.


Premise: What kind of story is told in Shahnameh?

Hypothesis: It is a tragic story of undying love much like the later Romeo and Juliet, which was itself said to have been inspired by a Latin version of Layla and Majnun to an extent.


Premise: What are pumps based off principle of sealed compartment pulling,pushing and expanding called?

Hypothesis: Because of the pressure differential, some fluid from the chamber (or the well, in our example) is pushed into the pump's small cavity.


Premise: When was the first formal school on record?

Hypothesis: The first formal school on record was at Fort Owen in Bitterroot valley in 1862.


Premise: Along with R&B, gospel and dance music, what type of music is represented on urban adult contemporary stations?

Hypothesis: The urban adult contemporary format (a term coined by Barry Mayo) usually attracts a large number of African Americans and sometimes Caucasian listeners through playing a great deal of R&B (without any form of rapping), gospel music, classic soul and dance music (including disco).


Premise: What do preaspirated stops contrast with in Icelandic?

Hypothesis: In Icelandic, preaspirated stops contrast with double stops and single stops:


Premise: What does HEMT stand for?

Hypothesis: A relatively recent FET development, the high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT), has a heterostructure (junction between different semiconductor materials) of aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs)-gallium arsenide (GaAs) which has twice the electron mobility of a GaAs-metal barrier junction.


Premise: How should the grain direct of metallic flanges run to flange faces?

Hypothesis: The permeability of the metallic chamber walls may have to be considered, and the grain direction of the metallic flanges should be parallel to the flange face.


Premise: Along with Rome and Jerusalem, what traditional pilgrimage site saw a greater number of visitors in the High Middle Ages?

Hypothesis: Old pilgrimage sites such as Rome, Jerusalem, and Compostela received increasing numbers of visitors, and new sites such as Monte Gargano and Bari rose to prominence.


Premise: What was the claim that the lawsuit was based on?

Hypothesis: In February 2007, Texas MP3 Technologies sued Apple, Samsung Electronics and Sandisk in eastern Texas federal court, claiming infringement of a portable MP3 player patent that Texas MP3 said it had been assigned.


Premise: What is the Latin for Calalunya?

Hypothesis: The main theory suggests that Catalunya (Latin Gathia Launia) derives from the name Gothia or Gauthia ("Land of the Goths"), since the origins of the Catalan counts, lords and people were found in the March of Gothia, whence Gothland > Gothlandia >


Premise: What did the Spanish call the island that might have been Ailuk?

Hypothesis: On January 10, the Spaniards sighted another island that they named "Placeres", perhaps Ailuk; ten leagues away, they sighted another island that they called "Pajares" (perhaps Jemo).


Premise: Is H2 reactive in standard conditions?

Hypothesis: While H2 is not very reactive under standard conditions, it does form compounds with most elements.


Premise: What happened to the political prisoner being held in Burma ?

Hypothesis: Since the 2010 election, the government has embarked on a series of reforms to direct the country towards liberal democracy, a mixed economy, and reconciliation, although doubts persist about the motives that underpin such reforms.


Premise: Which one of Kanye's albums won The Pitchfork's Album of the Decade (so far) award?

Hypothesis: During the same week, the song "Runaway" (featuring Pusha T) was ranked in the third position in the publication's list of the 200 "best tracks" released since 2010.


Premise: What are Punjab's secondary crops?

Hypothesis: Other crops include rice, sugarcane, millet, corn, oilseeds, pulses, vegetables, and fruits such as kinoo.


Premise: Which is the largest ethnic community in Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: Hadhrami Arabs, African Arabs, Armenians, Abyssinians, Iranians, Pathans and Turkish people are also present; these communities, of which the Hadhrami are the largest, declined after Hyderabad State became part of the Indian Union, as they lost the patronage of the Nizams.


Premise: What does IMF stand for?

Hypothesis: The International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), and other international financial institutions (IFIs) and foreign countries are extending considerable grants and loans.


Premise: What doe s the law require for criminals

Hypothesis: Florida requires felons to have completed sentencing, parole and/or probation, and then seven years later, to apply individually for restoration of voting privileges.


Premise: When is the Hebrew Book Week held?

Hypothesis: The Hebrew Book Week is held each June and features book fairs, public readings, and appearances by Israeli authors around the country.


Premise: What leaked liquid ammonia in Shifang?

Hypothesis: In the city of Shifang, the collapse of two chemical plants led to leakage of some 80 tons of liquid ammonia, with hundreds of people reported buried.


Premise: What type of school did Washington University first function?

Hypothesis: Later the university divided into three departments: the Manual Training School, Smith Academy, and the Mary Institute.


Premise: In what country is "The Welcome Inn" frequently used as a name for pubs?

Hypothesis: Many pubs use "Inn" in their name, either because they are long established former coaching inns, or to summon up a particular kind of image, or in many cases simply as a pun on the word "in", as in "The Welcome Inn", the name of many pubs in Scotland.


Premise: Who is ellen johnson sirleaf?

Hypothesis: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, a Harvard-trained economist and former Minister of Finance, was elected as the first female president in Africa.


Premise: How is Backup and Restore opened?

Hypothesis: Backup and Restore, the backup component of Windows, is deprecated.


Premise: At what college did Schwarzenegger study but not receive his degree?

Hypothesis: In 1977, Schwarzenegger's autobiography/weight-training guide Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder was published and became a huge success.


Premise: In what year was the death penalty suspended in the US?

Hypothesis: Capital punishment was suspended in the United States from 1972 through 1976 primarily as a result of the Supreme Court's decision in Furman v. Georgia.


Premise: Which magazine had an article where Michael Lewis spoke with a trader about bad loans?

Hypothesis: Others have pointed out that there were not enough of these loans made to cause a crisis of this magnitude.


Premise: How large is Crotona Park's lake?

Hypothesis: Just south of Van Cortlandt Park is the Jerome Park Reservoir, surrounded by 2 miles (3 km) of stone walls and bordering several small parks in the Bedford Park neighborhood; the reservoir was built in the 1890s on the site of the former Jerome Park Racetrack.


Premise: What allows exploitation of interstate commerce regulations?

Hypothesis: Although the legislation prohibits interstate and foreign transactions for list species, no provisions are made for in-state commerce, allowing these animals to be sold to roadside zoos and private collectors.


Premise: USB 2.0 High-Speed Inter-Chip (HSIC) is a what?

Hypothesis: It does not have low enough latency to support RAM memory sharing between two chips.


Premise: With whose economic success was de Melo impressed with?

Hypothesis: Impressed by British economic success that he had witnessed from the Ambassador, he successfully implemented similar economic policies in Portugal.


Premise: What is Melbourne's main regional train and coach terminus called?

Hypothesis: Melbourne is also home to Australia's most extensive freeway network and has the world's largest urban tram network.


Premise: What type of journal were Primer's work on Charleston's accent published?

Hypothesis: Sylvester Primer of the College of Charleston wrote about aspects of the local dialect in his late 19th-century works: "Charleston Provincialisms" (1887)  and "The Huguenot Element in Charleston's Provincialisms", published in a German journal.


Premise: What visiting king died in China in 1408?

Hypothesis: It was home of the admiral Zheng He, who went to sail the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and it was visited by foreign dignitaries, such as a king from Borneo (Boni 渤泥), who died during his visit to China in 1408.


Premise: To whom did Nelson lose the party to in 2008?

Hypothesis: On 16 September 2008, in a second contest following a spill motion, Nelson lost the leadership to Malcolm Turnbull.


Premise: Who created the Last judgement mosaic in the St. Vitus Cathedral?

Hypothesis: It was executed by Venetian craftsmen.


Premise: Who was the last Qing emperor?

Hypothesis: After the death of Empress Dowager Cixi and the Guangxu Emperor in 1908, the hardline Manchu court alienated reformers and local elites alike.


Premise: How does Raleigh compare in crime to the rest of the country?

Hypothesis: According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reports, in 2010 the Raleigh Police Department and other agencies in the city reported 1,740 incidents of violent crime and 12,995 incidents of property crime – far below both the national average and the North Carolina average.


Premise: How many wildcards were chosen by the judges in season eight?

Hypothesis: In season thirteen, there were thirty semifinalists, but only twenty semifinalists (ten for each gender) were chosen by the judges to perform on the live shows, with five in each gender and three wildcards chosen by the judges composing the final 13.


Premise: What were the students in madaris called?

Hypothesis: For example, in the Ottoman Empire during the Early Modern Period, madaris had lower schools and specialised schools where the students became known as danişmends.


Premise: What is a staple food in Tibet?

Hypothesis: Staple foods in Tibet are roasted barley, yak meat, and butter tea.


Premise: In 2009, what was the first name of the former Queen member Brian May told fans he had a better understanding with?

Hypothesis: On 30 October 2009, May wrote a fanclub letter on his website stating that Queen had no intentions to tour in 2010 but that there was a possibility of a performance.


Premise: Why did MTV ban the video for Justify My Love?

Hypothesis: Madonna responded to the banning: "Why is it that people are willing to go and watch a movie about someone getting blown to bits for no reason at all, and nobody wants to see two girls kissing and two men snuggling?"


Premise: What oxide materials use hydrogen as an electron donor?

Hypothesis: It is also a potential electron donor in various oxide materials, including ZnO, SnO2, CdO, MgO, ZrO2, HfO2, La2O3, Y2O3, TiO2, SrTiO3, LaAlO3, SiO2, Al2O3, ZrSiO4, HfSiO4, and SrZrO3.


Premise: What is a loop antenna compared with to determine its beahvior?

Hypothesis: Loops with circumference of a wavelength or larger act similarly to dipole antennas.


Premise: When did Alexander the Great die?

Hypothesis: It is often considered a period of transition, sometimes even of decadence or degeneration, compared to the enlightenment of the Greek Classical era.


Premise: What are the strengths of the simple model?

Hypothesis: In a simple model, often referred to as the transmission model or standard view of communication, information or content (e.g. a message in natural language) is sent in some form (as spoken language) from an emisor/ sender/ encoder to a destination/ receiver/ decoder.


Premise: When did the British Isles area become separated from the European continent?

Hypothesis: At the end of the last ice age, what are now the British Isles were joined to the European mainland as a mass of land extending north west from the modern-day northern coastline of France, Belgium and the Netherlands.


Premise: When did a committee oppose the FBI's organized crime informant program?

Hypothesis: " The FBI allowed four innocent men to be convicted of the March 1965 gangland murder of Edward "Teddy" Deegan in order to protect Vincent Flemmi, an FBI informant.


Premise: What is the study of algae called?

Hypothesis: The sexual haploid phase of embryophytes, known as the gametophyte, nurtures the developing diploid embryo sporophyte within its tissues for at least part of its life, even in the seed plants, where the gametophyte itself is nurtured by its parent sporophyte.


Premise: What year was stereo sound patented?

Hypothesis: The ultimately dominant "45/45" stereophonic record system was invented by Alan Blumlein of EMI in 1931 and patented the same year.


Premise: There is a conference that the male hockey team of Notre Dame competes in, what is it?

Hypothesis: They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) for all sports since the 2013–14 school year.


Premise: Where is the radiation patterns in the vertical plane shown?

Hypothesis: The vertical plane radiation patterns are shown in the image at right.


Premise: What was the dollar based on?

Hypothesis: A new Spanish dollar was usually about 377 grains in weight, and so the new U.S. dollar was at a slight discount in relation to the Spanish dollar.


Premise: When were albums said to be pioneered?

Hypothesis: German record company Odeon is often said to have pioneered the album in 1909 when it released the Nutcracker Suite by Tchaikovsky on 4 double-sided discs in a specially designed package.


Premise: Which author and solicitor has had more letters published on the main letters page of The Times than any other known contributor?

Hypothesis: Author/solicitor David Green of Castle Morris Pembrokeshire has had more letters published on the main letters page than any other known contributor – 158 by 31 January 2008.


Premise: In the Bermuda land mass, how many bays are named "Long Bay"?

Hypothesis: There is a Hamilton Parish in addition to the City of Hamilton (which is in Pembroke Parish).


Premise: After the Romans conqured the British Isles what became the more common name for the country?

Hypothesis: In his later work, Geography (c. 150 AD), he gave these islands the names Alwion, Iwernia, and Mona (the Isle of Man), suggesting these may have been names of the individual islands not known to him at the time of writing Almagest.


Premise: When was the first madrasa started in North America?

Hypothesis: The first Madressa established in North America, Al-Rashid Islamic Institute, was established in Cornwall, Ontario in 1983 and has graduates who are Hafiz (Quran) and Ulama.


Premise: What can A/V cables be used to connect the iPod to?

Hypothesis: Some accessories add extra features that other music players have, such as sound recorders, FM radio tuners, wired remote controls, and audio/visual cables for TV connections.


Premise: How many people were wounded in the cases where FBI shooting was not justified?

Hypothesis: During the period from 1993 to 2011, FBI agents fired their weapons on 289 occasions; FBI internal reviews found the shots justified in all but 5 cases, in none of the 5 cases were people wounded.


Premise: Around what year did Yarra rowing clubs and "regattas" become popular?

Hypothesis: Members of the Melbourne Football Club codified Australian football in 1859, and Yarra rowing clubs and "regattas" became popular about the same time.


Premise: In what year was Whitehead born?

Hypothesis: Alfred North Whitehead was born in Ramsgate, Kent, England, in 1861.


Premise: What percent of the population may be irreligious?

Hypothesis: The reports didn't give figures for other types of religion; 74.36% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in worship of nature deities, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, folk religious sects, and small minorities of Muslims.


Premise: In what years did Gaddafi visit the Soviet Union?

Hypothesis: In turn, Gaddafi played up his commercial relationship with the Soviets, visiting Moscow again in April 1981 and 1985, and threatening to join the Warsaw Pact.


Premise: What Roman weapon began to be used again in the Early Middle Ages?

Hypothesis: In military technology, one of the main changes was the return of the crossbow, which had been known in Roman times and reappeared as a military weapon during the last part of the Early Middle Ages.


Premise: What was the capital of Golkonda in the mid 12th century?

Hypothesis: Following the dissolution of the Chalukya empire into four parts in the 11th century, Golkonda came under the control of the Kakatiya dynasty from 1158, whose seat of power was at Warangal, 148 km (92 mi) northeast of modern Hyderabad.


Premise: The rise of gun factories within Connecticut earn the state what name?

Hypothesis: The city struck fortune in the late 18th century with the inventions and industrial activity of Eli Whitney, a Yale graduate who remained in New Haven to develop the cotton gin and establish a gun-manufacturing factory in the northern part of the city near the Hamden town line.


Premise: Who produced What's Opera, Doc?

Hypothesis: Notable examples are Walt Disney's Fantasia, Tom and Jerry's Johann Mouse, and Warner Bros.' Rabbit of Seville and What's Opera, Doc?.


Premise: In what year was The Times' travel magazine first sold?

Hypothesis: This 164-page monthly magazine is sold separately from the newspaper of record and is Britain's best-selling travel magazine.


Premise: How much of the solar radiation is reflected back into space?

Hypothesis: Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses.


Premise: Who was the designer responsible for the westernization of Digimon character design?

Hypothesis: Watanabe was one influenced by American comics, which were beginning to gain popularity in Japan, and as such began to make his characters look stronger and "cool." The character creation process, however, has for most of the franchise's history been collaborative and reliant on conversation and brainstorming.


Premise: Which was the most important battle fought in Chihuahua?

Hypothesis: The Battle of Sacramento was the most important battle fought in the state of Chihuahua because it was the sole defense for the state capital.


Premise: In what geographical region of New York state is New York City located?

Hypothesis: New York City is situated in the Northeastern United States, in southeastern New York State, approximately halfway between Washington, D.C. and Boston.


Premise: The MoD owns or has rights of access to what percentage of the UK's total land?

Hypothesis: The MoD also has "rights of access" to a further 222,000 hectares.


Premise: What media reported the threat of arrest?

Hypothesis: According to the Times, many parents were warned by the government not to stage a protest under the threat of arrest.


Premise: On which date were the French forced to abandon Orleans?

Hypothesis: The French were forced to abandon Orléans on 4 December, and were finally defeated at the Battle of Le Mans (10–12 January).


Premise: What categories are U.S. Army training divided into?

Hypothesis: Training in the U.S. Army is generally divided into two categories – individual and collective.


Premise: Who described Tharapita?

Hypothesis: The superior god of Oeselians as described by Henry of Latvia was called Tharapita.


Premise: What part of a tree is the cross-sectional area of the sapwood approximately proportional to?

Hypothesis: Within the same species the cross-sectional area of the sapwood is very roughly proportional to the size of the crown of the tree.


Premise: Along with Hightown and Redbridge, what's the third fire station in Southampton?

Hypothesis: Southampton's fire cover is provided by Hampshire Fire and Rescue Service.


Premise: How much money has American Idol raised for charity with its Idol Gives Back specials?

Hypothesis: This event was also held in seasons seven and nine and has raised nearly $185 million in total.


Premise: How is newline normalization accomplished in Mac OS X?

Hypothesis: In this approach every possible newline character is converted internally to a common newline (which one does not really matter since it is an internal operation just for rendering).


Premise: What did Madonna give to Letterman to smell in his late night show that created an uproar?

Hypothesis: Critics and fans reacted negatively, who commented that "she had gone too far" and that her career was over.


Premise: Which year did PETA spark controversy with Beyonce?

Hypothesis: A statement released from a spokesperson for the magazine said that Beyoncé's look was "far from the glamorous Sasha Fierce" and that it was "a return to her African roots".


Premise: What kind of crabs besides hermit crabs are common on the beach in St. Barts?

Hypothesis: The marine life found here consists of anemones, urchins, sea cucumbers, and eels, which all live on the reefs along with turtles, conch and many varieties of marine fishes.


Premise: What risky maneuver did Sir Colin Campbell have the 93rd Highlanders form?

Hypothesis: Commanding them was Sir Colin Campbell.


Premise: Who are Scout's two primary female models?

Hypothesis: Scout's primary female models are Calpurnia and her neighbor Miss Maudie, both of whom are strong willed, independent, and protective.


Premise: According to the 2000 United States Census, what percentage of the population of Atlantic City were Hispanic or Latino?

Hypothesis: As of the 2000 United States Census there were 40,517 people, 15,848 households, and 8,700 families residing in the city.


Premise: What is the form of hydrogen and heteroatoms called?

Hypothesis: Hydrogen forms a vast array of compounds with carbon called the hydrocarbons, and an even vaster array with heteroatoms that, because of their general association with living things, are called organic compounds.


Premise: Where did Montini teach history?

Hypothesis: In 1931, Pacelli appointed him to teach history at the Papal Academy for Diplomats In 1937, after his mentor Giuseppe Pizzardo was named a cardinal and was succeeded by Domenico Tardini, Montini was named Substitute for Ordinary Affairs under Cardinal Pacelli, the Secretary of State under Pope Pius XI.


Premise: What architectural style was Westminster Abbey rebuilt in?

Hypothesis: Westminster Abbey, rebuilt in the Romanesque style by King Edward the Confessor, was one of the grandest churches in Europe.


Premise: Which actor portrayed Franz Oberhauser?

Hypothesis: Despite being an original story, Spectre draws on Ian Fleming's source material, most notably in the character of Franz Oberhauser, played by Christoph Waltz.


Premise: How did the Russians communicate to the Germans in regards to bombing civilians trying to flee cities?

Hypothesis: Within the first few days of the invasion, Germany began conducting massacres of Polish and Jewish civilians and POWs.


Premise: What did the British claim in 2012?

Hypothesis: On 22 December 2012, the UK ambassador to Argentina, John Freeman, was summoned to the Argentine government as protest against the claim.


Premise: At the last census how many households had children under 18 in them?

Hypothesis: In 2010, 24.9 percent of households reported having children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.3 percent were married couples living together and 22.5 percent had a female householder with no husband present, 6.0 percent had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.2 percent were non-families.


Premise: Where did the depression cause negative effects?

Hypothesis: The depression had devastating effects in virtually every country, rich or poor.


Premise: When did Plymstock join the unitary authority of Plymouth?

Hypothesis: Since 1967, the unitary authority of Plymouth has included the, once independent, towns of Plympton and Plymstock which lie along the east of the River Plym.


Premise: What type of antibiotics called bacterocidal?

Hypothesis: Bacterial infections may be treated with antibiotics, which are classified as bacteriocidal if they kill bacteria, or bacteriostatic if they just prevent bacterial growth.


Premise: What East Asian philosophy emphasized unwavering rule following?

Hypothesis: One study indicates that throughout East Asia, only South Korea, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong have societies that are robustly committed to a law-bound state.


Premise: What term is sometimes used for dialects that only differ in vocabulary?

Hypothesis: Other types of speech varieties include jargons, which are characterized by differences in lexicon (vocabulary); slang; patois; pidgins; and argots.


Premise: Where was a cable link located that connected the Southside Halls of residence?

Hypothesis: A cable link to the Southside halls of residence was laid in a tunnel under Exhibition Road in 1972.


Premise: What was the 2008-09 Per Capita income of New Delhi?

Hypothesis: New Delhi's Per Capita GDP (at PPP) was at $6,860 during 2009–10 fiscal, making it one of the richest cities in India.


Premise: When was the centenari of Barcelona celebrated?

Hypothesis: Like Maradona, Ronaldo only stayed a short time before he left for Internazionale.


Premise: When is the raw form of glucose formed?

Hypothesis: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is the first product of photosynthesis and the raw material from which glucose and almost all other organic molecules of biological origin are synthesized.


Premise: How many albums has Queen sold worldwide?

Hypothesis: The band have released a total of eighteen number one albums, eighteen number one singles, and ten number one DVDs worldwide, making them one of the world's best-selling music artists.


Premise: What year did Mt St. Helens erupt causing devastating damage?

Hypothesis: Volcanic eruptions can occasionally be devastating, such as in the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington.


Premise: What did Peirce later call his ideas instead of pragmatism?

Hypothesis: The ideas of pragmatism, in its various forms, developed mainly from discussions between Charles Sanders Peirce and William James when both men were at Harvard in the 1870s.


Premise: All supernatural aspects were removed from which Thomas Paine work?

Hypothesis: Several Americans, especially Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson, played a major role in bringing Enlightenment ideas to the New World and in influencing British and French thinkers.


Premise: The Dutch Republic dominated world trade during what time?

Hypothesis: During the Dutch Golden Age in the late 16th century onward, the Dutch Republic dominated world trade in the 17th century, conquering a vast colonial empire and operating the largest fleet of merchantmen of any nation.


Premise: What languages have a tendency to lose gender-invariable adjectives?

Hypothesis: There is a tendency to abandon traditionally gender-invariable adjectives in favour of marked ones, something prevalent in Occitan and French.


Premise: What profession is more likely to want to repeal DST: farmers or shopkeepers?

Hypothesis: Opponents argue that actual energy savings are inconclusive, that DST increases health risks such as heart attack, that DST can disrupt morning activities, and that the act of changing clocks twice a year is economically and socially disruptive and cancels out any benefit.


Premise: What interdisciplinary fields has anthropology been central in the development of?

Hypothesis: As such, anthropology has been central in the development of several new (late 20th century) interdisciplinary fields such as cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies.


Premise: What is the finale of Crop Over called?

Hypothesis: Beginning in June, Crop Over runs until the first Monday in August when it culminates in the finale, The Grand Kadooment.