Premise: In 1872 the island contained how many Christians?

Hypothesis: The Muslim population included numerous crypto-Christians, including the Linobambaki, a crypto-Catholic community that arose due to religious persecution of the Catholic community by the Ottoman authorities; this community would assimilate into the Turkish Cypriot community during British rule.


Premise: What type of human knowledge is "the sun rises in the East"?

Hypothesis: Hume divided all of human knowledge into two categories: relations of ideas and matters of fact (see also Kant's analytic-synthetic distinction).


Premise: What are the exceptions of non-internal membrane bacteria?

Hypothesis: Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus, and their genetic material is typically a single circular DNA chromosome located in the cytoplasm in an irregularly shaped body called the nucleoid.


Premise: When was a second democratic election held?

Hypothesis: Patassé's party, the Mouvement pour la Libération du Peuple Centrafricain (MLPC) or Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People, gained a simple but not an absolute majority of seats in parliament, which meant Patassé's party required coalition partners.[citation needed]


Premise: How much of the planet's asphalt is located in Canada?

Hypothesis: Although historically it was used without refining to pave roads, nearly all of the bitumen is now used as raw material for oil refineries in Canada and the United States.


Premise: With what speed does post-glacial rebound occur?

Hypothesis: After the ice sheet or glacier melts, the mantle begins to flow back to its original position, pushing the crust back up.


Premise: Where did the Empress Dowager spend most of her time?

Hypothesis: The occupation prompted a "scramble for concessions" in 1898, which included the German lease of Jiazhou Bay, the Russian acquisition of Liaodong, and the British lease of the New Territories of Hong Kong.


Premise: How many times did Chopin and Liszy perform together in public?

Hypothesis: Their last appearance together in public was for a charity concert conducted for the Beethoven Memorial in Bonn, held at the Salle Pleyel and the Paris Conservatory on 25 and 26 April 1841.


Premise: The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation operates under the administrative control of what government body?

Hypothesis: Delhi Metro is being built and operated by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC), a state-owned company with equal equity participation from Government of India and Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi.


Premise: What work did Von Nemann do in Berlin in 1930 and Princeton 1935 - 39?

Hypothesis: In a short list of facts about his life he submitted to the National Academy of Sciences, he stated "The part of my work I consider most essential is that on quantum mechanics, which developed in Göttingen in 1926, and subsequently in Berlin in 1927–1929.


Premise: What was the first year in which RIBA's Royal Gold Medal was given?

Hypothesis: The RIBA European Award was inaugurated in 2005 for work in the European Union, outside the UK.


Premise: What did the founding fathers not intend American politics to become?

Hypothesis: However, a consensus reached on these issues ended party politics in 1816 for a decade, a period commonly known as the Era of Good Feelings.


Premise: Where does RAdio Gaalkacyo operate from?

Hypothesis: Radio Gaalkacyo, formerly known as Radio Free Somalia, operates from Galkayo in the north-central Mudug province.


Premise: What was the altarpiece designed for?

Hypothesis: A recent addition to the exhibition is the late 13th-century Westminster Retable, England's oldest altarpiece, which was most probably designed for the high altar of the abbey.


Premise: Why were foxes originally hunted?

Hypothesis: Similar to fox hunting in many ways is the chasing of hares with hounds.


Premise: Where did Napoleon lead his troops in 1798?

Hypothesis: Napoleon supported the French Revolution from the outset in 1789 while serving in the French army, and he tried to spread its ideals to Corsica but was banished from the island in 1793.


Premise: What thriller film did Beyonce star in?

Hypothesis: The fight scene finale between Sharon and the character played by Ali Larter also won the 2010 MTV Movie Award for Best Fight.


Premise: What was the name of Chan's music video?

Hypothesis: In June, Hong Kong actor Jackie Chan, who donated $1.57 million to the victims, made a music video alongside other artists entitled "Promise"; the song was composed by Andy Lau.


Premise: What biblical passage informs Jehovah Witnesses' refusal of blood transfusions?

Hypothesis: Jehovah's Witnesses accept non-blood alternatives and other medical procedures in lieu of blood transfusions, and their literature provides information about non-blood medical procedures.


Premise: What is Neptune's atmosphere primarily composed of?

Hypothesis: Like Jupiter and Saturn, Neptune's atmosphere is composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, along with traces of hydrocarbons and possibly nitrogen, but contains a higher proportion of "ices" such as water, ammonia, and methane.


Premise: When did Sega finally permit third-party publishing?

Hypothesis: Nintendo was not as restrictive as Sega, which did not permit third-party publishing until Mediagenic in late summer 1988.


Premise: What is the range for the width for international matches in meters?

Hypothesis: In 2008, the IFAB initially approved a fixed size of 105 m (344 ft) long and 68 m (223 ft) wide as a standard pitch dimension for international matches; however, this decision was later put on hold and was never actually implemented.


Premise: What acts like a liquid but is under the freezing temperature?

Hypothesis: A supercooled liquid behaves as a liquid, but it is below the freezing point of the material, and in some cases will crystallize almost instantly if a crystal is added as a core.


Premise: What is the Order of Preachers known for?

Hypothesis: The order is famed for its intellectual tradition, having produced many leading theologians and philosophers.


Premise: How is sex by God handled in a monotheistic religion?

Hypothesis: In most monotheistic religions, God has no counterpart with which to relate sexually.


Premise: What is the Sanskrit grammatical tradition?

Hypothesis: Because of these three ancient Vyākaraṇins (grammarians), this grammar is called Trimuni Vyākarana.


Premise: Axons send signals to other neurons by junctions known as what?

Hypothesis: Axons transmit signals to other neurons by means of specialized junctions called synapses.


Premise: The Kobylańska Catalogue was named for who?

Hypothesis: Works published since 1857 have received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers.


Premise: Which foreign BYU campus was closed in 2000 due to security concerns?

Hypothesis: In 2001, the Institute of International Education ranked BYU as the number one university in the U.S. to offer students study abroad opportunities.


Premise: How Many Planes returned from the circumnavigation in 1924?

Hypothesis: In 1924, four Douglas-built planes took off from Clover Field to attempt the first aerial circumnavigation of the world.


Premise: What network in Italy aired American Idol in season twelve?

Hypothesis: In Italy, the twelfth season was broadcast by La3.


Premise: What do preaspirated stops contrast with in Icelandic?

Hypothesis: Icelandic and Faroese have preaspirated [ʰp ʰt ʰk]; some scholars interpret these as consonant clusters as well.


Premise: What is the term for corruption by individuals?

Hypothesis: The rule-of-law movement cannot be fully successful in transitional and developing countries without an answer to the question: does the rule of law matter for economic development or not?


Premise: What is commonly preferred by DJs vinyl or CD?

Hypothesis: This is because for disc jockeys ("DJs"), vinyl has an advantage over the CD: direct manipulation of the medium.


Premise: Who were the Generality Lands governed by?

Hypothesis: The latter were governed directly by the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch), the federal government.


Premise: What handcrafts do they include?

Hypothesis: These aesthetic and tasteful handicrafts declined under competition from machine made goods and also because of lack of marketing facilities.


Premise: What did Eisenhower reduce as he increased nuclear weapons stockpiles?

Hypothesis: Indeed, Eisenhower embarked upon a greater reliance on the use of nuclear weapons, while reducing conventional forces, and with them the overall defense budget, a policy formulated as a result of Project Solarium and expressed in NSC 162/2.


Premise: What does clothing materials do more quickly compared to stone and bone?

Hypothesis: Knowledge of such clothing remains inferential, since clothing materials deteriorate quickly compared to stone, bone, shell and metal artifacts.


Premise: How are officials elected to the legislature?

Hypothesis: After years of demanding greater political autonomy, residents were given the right to directly elect a Head of Government and the representatives of the unicameral Legislative Assembly by popular vote in 1997.


Premise: What type of business is Dominion Resources?

Hypothesis: The area is home to six Fortune 500 companies: electric utility Dominion Resources; CarMax; Owens & Minor; Genworth Financial; MeadWestvaco; McKesson Medical-Surgical and Altria Group.


Premise: The discoveries made by Galvani lead to what three important things?

Hypothesis: He incorrectly thought he had discovered an ability of nerves and muscles to create electricity and called the effect "animal electricity".


Premise: Which company made the Wayback Machine?

Hypothesis: The service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a "three dimensional index."


Premise: After Alexander's empire was split, what region did Seleucus I Nicator receive?

Hypothesis: Following division of Alexander's empire, Seleucus I Nicator received Babylonia.


Premise: What was the name of a high profile terrorist group in Egypt in 1990s?

Hypothesis: Serious damage was done to the largest sector of Egypt's economy—tourism—and in turn to the government, but it also devastated the livelihoods of many of the people on whom the group depended for support.


Premise: What incident occured on July 7, 1937?

Hypothesis: The Marco Polo Bridge Incident on 7 July 1937 provoked full-scale war between China and Japan.


Premise: Who is the president of the regional counsel?

Hypothesis: The frequently changing status of the région throughout history has left its mark on modern day politics in terms of a particular interest in national identity issues.


Premise: Who has offered arguments that Lee and Guenther disliked?

Hypothesis: Lee and Guenther have rejected most of the arguments put forward by Wilmsen.


Premise: What Japanese carrier was lost in the Battle of the Coral Sea?

Hypothesis: The resulting Battle of the Coral Sea, fought in May 1942, was the first naval battle in which ships involved never sighted each other and only aircraft were used to attack opposing forces.


Premise: In what month and year did Gaddafi begin Third International Theory?

Hypothesis: As part of this theory, Gaddafi praised nationalism as a progressive force and advocated the creation of a pan-Arab state which would lead the Islamic and Third Worlds against imperialism.


Premise: What was the 1993 PowerBook 165c Apple's first portable computer to feature?

Hypothesis: It was not long until Apple released their first portable computer, the Macintosh Portable in 1989.


Premise: Along with Margaret Sullavan, what notable film talent left Universal after the Standard Capital takeover?

Hypothesis: Gone were the big ambitions, and though Universal had a few big names under contract, those it had been cultivating, like William Wyler and Margaret Sullavan, left.


Premise: What year did Queen Victoria die?

Hypothesis: Her funeral was held on Saturday, 2 February, in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, and after two days of lying-in-state, she was interred beside Prince Albert in Frogmore Mausoleum at Windsor Great Park.


Premise: When was clonal selection theory first proposed?

Hypothesis: In the mid-1950s, Frank Burnet, inspired by a suggestion made by Niels Jerne, formulated the clonal selection theory (CST) of immunity.


Premise: Where did John Clarke establish a Baptist church?

Hypothesis: In 1639, Williams established a Baptist church in Providence, Rhode Island, and Clarke began a Baptist church in Newport, Rhode Island.


Premise: How many seats are in the Senate of Swaziland?

Hypothesis: The Swazi bicameral Parliament or Libandla consists of the Senate (30 seats; 10 members appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the monarch; to serve five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (65 seats; 10 members appointed by the monarch and 55 elected by popular vote; to serve five-year terms).


Premise: Which company was GE's partner in the Short Fils, Big Ideas project?

Hypothesis: Short Films, Big Ideas was launched at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival in partnership with cinelan.


Premise: What era lasted between 12,000 and 10,200 BC?

Hypothesis: The beginning of the Neolithic culture is considered to be in the Levant (Jericho, modern-day West Bank) about 10,200 – 8,800 BC.


Premise: Where did Napoleon lead his troops in 1798?

Hypothesis: He followed the defeat of the Allies in Europe by commanding a military expedition to Egypt in 1798, invading and occupying the Ottoman province after defeating the Mamelukes and launching modern Egyptology through the discoveries made by his army.


Premise: Did the UEFA remove the 5 year ban on English clubs playing in European competitions in 1990?

Hypothesis: UEFA, European football's governing body, lifted the five-year ban on English clubs playing in European competitions in 1990 (resulting in Manchester United lifting the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1991) and the Taylor Report on stadium safety standards, which proposed expensive upgrades to create all-seater stadiums in the aftermath of the Hillsborough disaster, was published in January of that year.


Premise: What are some species of whales that can be seen around Norfolk Island today?

Hypothesis: Today, numbers of larger whales have disappeared, but even today many species such humpback whale, minke whale, sei whale, and dolphins can be observed close to shores, and scientific surveys have been conducted regularly.


Premise: What party regained power in Britain in 1951?

Hypothesis: However, Churchill could not ignore Gamal Abdul Nasser's new revolutionary government of Egypt that had taken power in 1952, and the following year it was agreed that British troops would withdraw from the Suez Canal zone and that Sudan would be granted self-determination by 1955, with independence to follow.


Premise: Which historically significant communist activist was associated with the 1919 riots in which some of Popper's friends were killed?

Hypothesis: An event that happened in 1919 had a profound effect on him: During a riot, caused by the Communists, the police shot several unarmed people, including some of Popper's friends, when they tried to free party comrades from prison.


Premise: What other devices can sideload apps?

Hypothesis: Retail versions of Windows 8 are only able to install these apps through Windows Store—a namesake distribution platform which offers both apps, and listings for desktop programs certified for comparability with Windows 8.


Premise: Which movie was Spectre originally featured in?

Hypothesis: Several recurring James Bond characters, including M, Q and Eve Moneypenny return, with the new additions of Léa Seydoux as Dr. Madeleine Swann, Dave Bautista as Mr. Hinx, Andrew Scott as Max Denbigh and Monica Bellucci as Lucia Sciarra.


Premise: What are the most common languages spoken in New Delhi?

Hypothesis: English is primarily used as the formal language by business and government institutes.


Premise: Give an example of an animal that will travel several miles in a single day.

Hypothesis: This close living arrangement may be described by the term symbiosis, "living together", but unlike mutualism the association significantly reduces the fitness of the host.


Premise: The Court case was involve between which two parties?

Hypothesis: In April 2009, the United States Supreme Court agreed to hear a suit over reverse discrimination brought by 18 white firefighters against the city.


Premise: In what year did the British give the Haud to Ethiopia?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, in 1948, under pressure from their World War II allies and to the dismay of the Somalis, the British "returned" the Haud (an important Somali grazing area that was presumably 'protected' by British treaties with the Somalis in 1884 and 1886) and the Ogaden to Ethiopia, based on a treaty they signed in 1897 in which the British ceded Somali territory to the Ethiopian Emperor Menelik in exchange for his help against plundering by Somali clans.


Premise: Who did samurai wives have to take care of?

Hypothesis: Ideally, a samurai wife would be skilled at managing property, keeping records, dealing with financial matters, educating the children (and perhaps servants, too), and caring for elderly parents or in-laws that may be living under her roof.


Premise: Which region is Oklahoma city located in?

Hypothesis: The northeastern part of the city and its eastern suburbs fall into an ecological region known as the Cross Timbers.


Premise: What are positions that employees really want, but there are never enough of?

Hypothesis: There are reports of major talent shortages in the nonprofit sector today regarding newly graduated workers, and NPOs have for too long relegated hiring to a secondary priority, which could be why they find themselves in the position many do.


Premise: At what age may students be admitted to Hellenic university through lottery?

Hypothesis: Additionally, students over twenty-two years old may be admitted to the Hellenic Open University through a form of lottery.


Premise: What is the Latin for Calalunya?

Hypothesis: The word Catalan derives from the territory of Catalonia, itself of disputed etymology.


Premise: Which competitions does the Club Competitions Committee have a say in?

Hypothesis: The Premier League sends representatives to UEFA's European Club Association, the number of clubs and the clubs themselves chosen according to UEFA coefficients.


Premise: Who is the president of the BROUK's UK division?

Hypothesis: According to Tun Khin, the president of the Burmese Rohingya Organisation UK (BROUK), as of 28 June 2012, 650 Rohingyas have been killed, 1,200 are missing, and more than 80,000 have been displaced.


Premise: Where was the first radio license granted?

Hypothesis: The first commercial broadcasting radio stations appeared in 1922: first WIP, then owned by Gimbel's department store, on March 17, followed the same year by WFIL, WOO, WCAU and WDAS.


Premise: John spent the conflict traveling alongside who?

Hypothesis: Henry II began to find more lands for John, mostly at various nobles' expense.


Premise: Where did actor Warren Beatty attend school?

Hypothesis: Northwestern's School of Communication has been especially fruitful in the number of actors, actresses, playwrights, and film and television writers and directors it has produced.


Premise: What does child labour do for adults?

Hypothesis: Child labour, claim these activists, also leads to poor labour standards for adults, depresses the wages of adults in developing countries as well as the developed countries, and dooms the third world economies to low-skill jobs only capable of producing poor quality cheap exports.


Premise: How many vendor spaces are in Brasilia's airport?

Hypothesis: The area outside the airport's main gate is lined with taxis as well as several bus line services which connect the airport to Brasília's central district.


Premise: Prior to the Libyan invasion, what country was the Aouzou Strip a part of?

Hypothesis: In 1973 he converted Gabonese President Omar Bongo, an action which he repeated three years later with Jean-Bédel Bokassa, president of the Central African Republic.


Premise: Which language emerged as a result of language contact with various High German vernaculars during the medieval period?

Hypothesis: They were criticized by Sephardim and other Jewish scholars in Islamic lands for their lack of expertise in Jewish jurisprudence (dinim) and general ignorance of Hebrew linguistics and literature.


Premise: In which century did the Gupta Empire fall?

Hypothesis: He united the small republics from Punjab to central India, and their representatives crowned Harsha king at an assembly in April 606 giving him the title of Maharaja when he was merely 16 years old.


Premise: Do fluorescent lights have a higher or lower luminous efficiency than incandescents?

Hypothesis: There are many non-incandescent light sources, such as the fluorescent lamp, high-intensity discharge lamps and LED lamps, which have higher luminous efficiency, and some have been designed to be retrofitted in fixtures for incandescent lights.


Premise: When was the first browser created?

Hypothesis: The first web browser was invented in 1990 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee.


Premise: What is the GDP of Mexico City?

Hypothesis: According to a study conducted by PwC, Mexico City had a GDP of $390 billion, ranking it as the eighth richest city in the world after the greater metropolitan areas of Tokyo, New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Paris, London and Osaka/Kobe (and the richest in the whole of Latin America).


Premise: Of what was Vesta the goddess?

Hypothesis: In archaic Roman society, these priestesses were the only women not required to be under the legal guardianship of a man, instead answering directly to the Pontifex Maximus.


Premise: Where do Hennessy Scholars typically reside?

Hypothesis: Hennessy Scholars generally reside in Wotton house.


Premise: What was the max speed of a Beaufighter?

Hypothesis: The Beaufighter had a maximum speed of 320 mph (510 km/h), an operational ceiling of 26,000 ft (7,900 m) and a climb rate of 2,500 ft (760 m) per minute.


Premise: How did wolves in Yellowstone help beavers eat well?

Hypothesis: The removal of wolves had a direct effect on beaver populations, as their habitat became territory for grazing.


Premise: What was society based on during the Tukugawa period?

Hypothesis: Taxes on the peasantry were set at fixed amounts which did not account for inflation or other changes in monetary value.


Premise: Who discovered the planet Uranus?

Hypothesis: The discovery of the element is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth.


Premise: What originally formed the Tuvalu islands?

Hypothesis: It comprises three reef islands and six true atolls spread out between the latitude of 5° to 10° south and longitude of 176° to 180°, west of the International Date Line.


Premise: Where does the Saskatchewan River empty into?

Hypothesis: There they join the Saskatchewan River, which ultimately empties into Hudson Bay.


Premise: What football league began in 1982?

Hypothesis: Plans for arena football were put on hold in 1982 as the United States Football League was launched.


Premise: What is the name of Link's steed?

Hypothesis: The dungeons are connected by a large overworld, across which Link can travel on foot; on his horse, Epona; or by teleporting.


Premise: What international body did the new government join?

Hypothesis: The revolutionary army established large-scale public works programs and successfully implemented an urban and rural literacy campaign, which helped dramatically increase the literacy rate.


Premise: What company was desktop publishing unique to at it's beginning?

Hypothesis: In 1985, the combination of the Mac, Apple's LaserWriter printer, and Mac-specific software like Boston Software's MacPublisher and Aldus PageMaker enabled users to design, preview, and print page layouts complete with text and graphics—an activity to become known as desktop publishing.


Premise: What Plymouth Jew was mentioned by Sir Francis Drake?

Hypothesis: Plymouth has the first known reference to Jews in the South West from Sir Francis Drake's voyages in 1577 to 1580, as his log mentioned "Moses the Jew" – a man from Plymouth.


Premise: Which city is higher, Matte or Langgasse?

Hypothesis: Bern is built on very uneven ground.


Premise: Where do the Plymouth Raiders play their home games?

Hypothesis: They play at the Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena and were founded in 1983.


Premise: What was the population of the island in 1659

Hypothesis: Eventually the planters felt there were too many slaves and no more were imported after 1792.


Premise: Soyuz 19 took off from Earth on what date?

Hypothesis: The joint mission began when Soyuz 19 was first launched on July 15, 1975 at 12:20 UTC, and the Apollo craft was launched with the docking module six and a half hours later.


Premise: Greece has the biggest economic power where?

Hypothesis: Greece, which is one of the world's largest shipping powers, middle powers and top tourist destinations, has the largest economy in the Balkans, where it is an important regional investor.


Premise: Most entities do not have what?

Hypothesis: Of course, most entities do not have consciousness.


Premise: What annual ceremony do Freemasons have?

Hypothesis: Another ceremony is the annual installation of the Master and officers of the Lodge.


Premise: What college plays an important role in making Boston known for Jazz?

Hypothesis: Metropolitan Boston is home to several conservatories and art schools, including Lesley University College of Art and Design, Massachusetts College of Art, the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, New England Institute of Art, New England School of Art and Design (Suffolk University), Longy School of Music of Bard College, and the New England Conservatory (the oldest independent conservatory in the United States).


Premise: What was New Jersey Transit called before?

Hypothesis: 3 kV DC is used in Belgium, Italy, Spain, Poland, the northern Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Chile, and former Soviet Union countries (also using 25 kV 50 Hz AC).


Premise: Along with Trey Songz, Patti LaBelle, Toni Braxton, Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin, Frank Ocean, Craig David and Mariah Carey, who is a well-known urban AC artist?

Hypothesis: The urban AC stations resemble soft AC rather than hot AC; they play predominantly R&B and soul music with little hip-hop.


Premise: What property of wood could we project some indication of by looking at its density?

Hypothesis: One can judge comparative density, and therefore to some extent strength, by visual inspection.


Premise: What prominent Jewish German  sought German unification in the mid 19th century?

Hypothesis: Jewish German Eduard Lasker was a prominent German nationalist figure who promoted the unification of Germany in the mid-19th century.


Premise: What is the maximum scroe for routines?

Hypothesis: Additional points (with no maximum at the highest levels of competition) can be earned depending on the difficulty of the moves and the length of time taken to complete the ten skills which is an indication of the average height of the jumps.


Premise: What did Liberia's score  and ranking  on the 2010 Corruption Perceptions index represent?

Hypothesis: When seeking attention of a selection of service[clarification needed] providers, 89% of Liberians had to pay a bribe, the highest national percentage in the world according to the organization's 2010 Global Corruption Barometer.


Premise: What Dell product was a commercial failure?

Hypothesis: InfoWorld suggested that Dell and other OEMs saw tablets as a short-term, low-investment opportunity running Google Android, an approach that neglected user interface and failed to gain long term market traction with consumers.


Premise: What happeded between 1927-1934?

Hypothesis: Some small scale industrial development also occurred during this time along with the expansion of irrigation infrastructure.


Premise: Where was John Edwards a senator?

Hypothesis: On July 6, 2004, he announced his selection of John Edwards as his running mate.


Premise: What does China mean?

Hypothesis: After conquering "China proper", the Manchus identified their state as "China" (中國, Zhōngguó; "Middle Kingdom"), and referred to it as Dulimbai Gurun in Manchu (Dulimbai means "central" or "middle," gurun means "nation" or "state").


Premise: How many members make up The Presbyterian Church denomination?

Hypothesis: The Presbyterian Church in Taiwan (PCT) is by far the largest Protestant denomination in Taiwan, with some 238,372 members as of 2009 (including a majority of the island's aborigines).


Premise: Comcast's customer service was rated worse than what government organization?

Hypothesis: In 2004 and 2007, the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) survey found that Comcast had the worst customer satisfaction rating of any company or government agency in the country, including the Internal Revenue Service.


Premise: What guerrilla organization was founded by religious officials and military officers?

Hypothesis: The idea of enosis was historically part of the Megali Idea, a greater political ambition of a Greek state encompassing the territories with Greek inhabitants in the former Ottoman Empire, including Cyprus and Asia Minor with a capital in Constantinople, and was actively pursued by the Cypriot Orthodox Church, which had its members educated in Greece.


Premise: How does Avicenna  explain the connection between body and soul?

Hypothesis: Avicenna's psychology requires that connection between the body and soul be strong enough to ensure the soul's individuation, but weak enough to allow for its immortality.


Premise: What fresh items do Estonians traditionally enjoy in summer and spring?

Hypothesis: Traditionally in summer and spring, Estonians like to eat everything fresh – berries, herbs, vegetables, and everything else that comes straight from the garden.


Premise: Between what years did Jews increase to an estimated 2 million?

Hypothesis: Some have claimed that in the 1st century of the Christian era, for example, the population more than doubled, from four to 8–10 million within the confines of the Roman Empire, in good part as a result of a wave of conversion.


Premise: When was the first official Test cricket match played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground?

Hypothesis: The origins of Australian rules football can be traced to matches played next to the MCG in 1858.


Premise: 2012 studies estimated what percentage of mammals could be extinct in 20 years?

Hypothesis: As of 2012, some studies suggest that 25% of all mammal species could be extinct in 20 years.


Premise: Who issued a document called "Human rights and intellectual property"?

Hypothesis: In 2004 the General Assembly of WIPO adopted The Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization which argues that WIPO should "focus more on the needs of developing countries, and to view IP as one of many tools for development—not as an end in itself".


Premise: Which town in Italy now housed a large Roman garrison?

Hypothesis: A major Roman-Greek force was mobilized under the command of the great hero of the Second Punic War, Scipio Africanus, and set out for Greece, beginning the Roman-Syrian War.


Premise: How did some people describe Filiberto Ojeda Ríos's death?

Hypothesis: Puerto Rico Governor Aníbal Acevedo Vilá criticized the FBI assault as "improper" and "highly irregular" and demanded to know why his government was not informed of it.


Premise: What role did von Neuman play in the selection of targets?

Hypothesis: Along with four other scientists and various military personnel, von Neumann was included in the target selection committee responsible for choosing the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as the first targets of the atomic bomb.


Premise: The Massey conference eventually led to developing what seminars?

Hypothesis: The Massey conference in New Zealand, 1964 was attended by several Anglicans, including the Rev. Ray Muller, who went on to invite Bennett to New Zealand in 1966, and played a leading role in developing and promoting the Life in the Spirit seminars.


Premise: When were the new plans of the airport revealed?

Hypothesis: The new airport, which would have six runways, will cost $9.15 billion and would be built on vacant federal land east of Mexico City International Airport.


Premise: What religion was George Berkeley?

Hypothesis: Berkeley's approach to empiricism would later come to be called subjective idealism.


Premise: In what year did the Crimean campaign open?

Hypothesis: The landing surprised the Russians, as they had been expecting a landing at Katcha; the last minute change proving that Russia had known the original battle plan.


Premise: What type of action, either direct or indirect, of a state's representative by another type of party to a treaty can invalidate a state's consent?

Hypothesis: Coercion of either a representative, or the state itself through the threat or use of force, if used to obtain the consent of that state to a treaty, will invalidate that consent.


Premise: Where did Africans escape and mate with naitves?

Hypothesis: In addition, an example of African slaves' escaping from European colonists and being absorbed by Indigenous Americans occurred as far back as 1526.


Premise: How many more states aside from California does the interstate 10 run through?

Hypothesis: The Santa Monica Freeway between Santa Monica and downtown Los Angeles has the distinction of being one of the busiest highways in all of North America.


Premise: Of what series in the Periodic Table of Elements is uranium a part?

Hypothesis: Uranium has the second highest atomic weight of the primordially occurring elements, lighter only than plutonium.


Premise: Ibrahim Pasha finally faced defeat where?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, the Ottoman Sultan negotiated with Mehmet Ali of Egypt, who agreed to send his son Ibrahim Pasha to Greece with an army to suppress the revolt in return for territorial gain.


Premise: What does Iran border with to its north?

Hypothesis: Iran has an area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi).


Premise: What is the benevolence of God called?

Hypothesis: Because God is conceived as not being a corporeal being, God cannot(some say should not) be portrayed in a literal visual image; some religious groups use a man (sometimes old and bearded) to symbolize God because of His deed of creating man's mind in the image of His own.


Premise: How many years ago did Catholicism arrive in the province?

Hypothesis: Catholicism arrived 400 years ago in the province and Protestantism 150 years ago.


Premise: What did Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China members wave to symbolize democracy?

Hypothesis: They wanted accountability for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 and the implementation of democracy in Hong Kong.


Premise: Name the nineteenth century English atheist?

Hypothesis: Some non-theists avoid the concept of God, whilst accepting that it is significant to many; other non-theists understand God as a symbol of human values and aspirations.


Premise: Which famous line from Kerry's speech was later featured in one of his later television ad campaigns?

Hypothesis: He later delivered what may have been the speech's most memorable line when he said, "the future doesn't belong to fear, it belongs to freedom", a quote that later appeared in a Kerry/Edwards television advertisement.


Premise: Dogs are  very well attuned to what other species' behaviors?

Hypothesis: As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to our behaviors.


Premise: Shmuel Yosef Agnon shared the Nobel Prize with who in 1966?

Hypothesis: Emile Habibi, whose novel The Secret Life of Saeed the Pessoptimist, and other writings, won him the Israel prize for Arabic literature; and Mahmoud Darwish, considered by many to be "the Palestinian national poet.


Premise: What is another issue that Whitehead had with materialism?

Hypothesis: The idea of matter as primary makes people think of objects as being fundamentally separate in time and space, and not necessarily related to anything.


Premise: Where is one place where one of the inland forts can be found?

Hypothesis: Some well known castros can be found, in the seashore, at Fazouro, Santa Tegra, Baroña and O Neixón, and inland at San Cibrao de Lás, Borneiro, Castromao, and Viladonga.


Premise: What financial innovation allows investment banks and hedge banks to make large wagers?

Hypothesis: " Essentially, investment banks and hedge funds used financial innovation to enable large wagers to be made, far beyond the actual value of the underlying mortgage loans, using derivatives called credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs.


Premise: Non-traditional PCBs include microwave PCBs and what other type of board?

Hypothesis: This is especially true on non-traditional PCBs such as MCMs and microwave PCBs.


Premise: How long did the Soviet Union retain a hegemonic role?

Hypothesis: Pan-Slavism, a movement which came into prominence in the mid-19th century, emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples.


Premise: What do many people fear pain treatment will lead to?

Hypothesis: Many people fear the stigma of addiction and avoid pain treatment so as not to be prescribed potentially addicting drugs.


Premise: What kind of mappings must be provided between characters in existing legacy character sets and those in Unicode?

Hypothesis: Injective mappings must be provided between characters in existing legacy character sets and characters in Unicode to facilitate conversion to Unicode and allow interoperability with legacy software.


Premise: What is the region where domesticated dogs ancestry traces to?

Hypothesis: Being the oldest domesticated animal, their long association with people has allowed dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior, as well as thrive on a starch-rich diet which would be inadequate for other canid species.


Premise: what is the name of the natural reserve area

Hypothesis: In the mid and north of the county the coastline is low as the level wetlands of the levels meet the sea.


Premise: What is the Triangle?

Hypothesis: Raleigh is home to North Carolina State University and is part of the Research Triangle area, together with Durham (home of Duke University) and Chapel Hill (home of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill).


Premise: How many passengers use Terminal 3 of Indira Gandhi Airport each year?

Hypothesis: Terminal 3, which cost ₹96.8 billion (US$1.4 billion) to construct between 2007 and 2010, handles an additional 37 million passengers annually.


Premise: What are locals of Mexico City called?

Hypothesis: The city is colloquially known as Chilangolandia after the locals' nickname chilangos.


Premise: The evacuation of the Gulf coast before Hurricane Rita was what type of evacuation?

Hypothesis: One month later, approximately 2.5 million Houston area residents evacuated when Hurricane Rita approached the Gulf Coast, leaving little damage to the Houston area.


Premise: What is the section of East 58th Street between Lexington and Second Avenues known as?

Hypothesis: A section of East 58th Street 40°45′40.3″N 73°57′56.9″W / 40.761194°N 73.965806°


Premise: Who directed the film Eternity and a Day?

Hypothesis: During the 1970s and 1980s Theo Angelopoulos directed a series of notable and appreciated movies.


Premise: What has the reappropriation of the word "black" done?

Hypothesis: The reappropriation of the term "black" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian culture, including public media outlets, government agencies, and private companies.


Premise: When did the Shahis switch from Buddhist to Hindu?

Hypothesis: The Shahis are generally split up into two eras: the Buddhist Shahis and the Hindu Shahis, with the change-over thought to have occurred sometime around 870.


Premise: What percentage of tuberculosis infections don't ever manifest in symptoms of the disease?

Hypothesis: About 25% of people may not have any symptoms (i.e. they remain "asymptomatic").


Premise: What is an example of socially valuable goods?

Hypothesis: An IPR driven regime is therefore not a regime that is conductive to the investment of R&D of products that are socially valuable to predominately poor populations".:1108–9


Premise: What environmental consequence affected the Australian economy by 1983?

Hypothesis: A significant program of economic reform however was not pursued.


Premise: Food with an emphasis on seafood, salt, and dairy is an exaple of what?

Hypothesis: Boston shares many cultural roots with greater New England, including a dialect of the non-rhotic Eastern New England accent known as Boston English, and a regional cuisine with a large emphasis on seafood, salt, and dairy products.


Premise: In what year was the Medal of the Order of the British Empire established?

Hypothesis: In 1922, this was renamed the "British Empire Medal".


Premise: Arthur Schopenhauer lived from what year to what year?

Hypothesis: He claimed that an observing subject can only know material objects through the mediation of the brain and its particular organization.


Premise: What religion led to architectural changes in many Asian countries?

Hypothesis: In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape.


Premise: What basic difference is there between the teams of Barcelona and Real Madrid?

Hypothesis: From the start of national competitions the clubs were seen as representatives of two rival regions in Spain: Catalonia and Castile, as well as of the two cities.


Premise: Who wrote that a Soviet invasion of Japan was unlikely?

Hypothesis: Historian Richard B. Frank wrote that a Soviet invasion of Japan was never likely because they had insufficient naval capability to mount an amphibious invasion of Hokkaidō.


Premise: During what century did the Investiture Controversy occur?

Hypothesis: The ideals that it was based upon were brought to the papacy by Pope Leo IX (pope 1049–1054), and provided the ideology of the clerical independence that led to the Investiture Controversy in the late 11th century.


Premise: In which faculty were the methods used to fire people being questioned?

Hypothesis: In 2003, it was reported that one third of female academics "believe that discrimination or bullying by managers has held back their careers".


Premise: What makes the definition of a Jew vary slightly?

Hypothesis: Judaism shares some of the characteristics of a nation, an ethnicity, a religion, and a culture, making the definition of who is a Jew vary slightly depending on whether a religious or national approach to identity is used.


Premise: What can coding regions be split into?

Hypothesis: For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons.


Premise: What was Darwin's process on writing his books?

Hypothesis: A more recent study by science historian John van Wyhe has determined that the idea that Darwin delayed publication only dates back to the 1940s, and Darwin's contemporaries thought the time he took was reasonable.


Premise: Where did the ideas of political science begin?

Hypothesis: Political science is a late arrival in terms of social sciences[citation needed].


Premise: What is leap frog migration?

Hypothesis: Many fully migratory species show leap-frog migration (birds that nest at higher latitudes spend the winter at lower latitudes), and many show the alternative, chain migration, where populations 'slide' more evenly north and south without reversing order.


Premise: In binary fission, what shape is each genome?

Hypothesis: After DNA replication is complete, the cell must physically separate the two copies of the genome and divide into two distinct membrane-bound cells.:18.2 In prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) this usually occurs via a relatively simple process called binary fission, in which each circular genome attaches to the cell membrane and is separated into the daughter cells as the membrane invaginates to split the cytoplasm into two membrane-bound portions.


Premise: Where was Tom Harkin from?

Hypothesis: On April 18, 1985, a few months after taking his Senate seat, Kerry and Senator Tom Harkin of Iowa traveled to Nicaragua and met the country's president, Daniel Ortega.


Premise: When were the first multi-party elections held?

Hypothesis: The first multi-party elections were held in 1994.


Premise: What is the definition of Karma from Sanskrit?

Hypothesis: In Buddhism, Karma (from Sanskrit: "action, work") is the force that drives saṃsāra—the cycle of suffering and rebirth for each being.


Premise: When was Lord Bathurst born?

Hypothesis: Among the reasons this speech was so greatly admired was its passage on Lord Bathurst (1684–1775); Burke describes an angel in 1704 prophesying to Bathurst the future greatness of England and also of America: "Young man, There is America – which at this day serves little more than to amuse you with stories of savage men, and uncouth manners; yet shall, before you taste of death, shew itself equal to the whole of that commerce which now attracts the envy of the world".


Premise: What other year did Santa Monica receive the Bicycle Friendly Community award?

Hypothesis: Santa Monica is thought to be one of the leaders for bicycle infrastructure and programming in Los Angeles County.[citation needed]


Premise: In what year did the general public first get access to the internet in Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: The first public internet access service began in 1995, with the first private sector internet service provider (ISP) starting operations in 1998.


Premise: What part of the freeway system is Beltway 8?

Hypothesis: A proposed highway project, State Highway 99 (Grand Parkway), will form a third loop outside of Houston, totaling 180 miles in length and making an almost-complete circumference, with the exception of crossing the ship channel.


Premise: In the original experiment in which the properties of capacitors were discovered, what component acted as the dielectric?

Hypothesis: In October 1745, Ewald Georg von Kleist of Pomerania, Germany, found that charge could be stored by connecting a high-voltage electrostatic generator by a wire to a volume of water in a hand-held glass jar.


Premise: In what ways was Howard similar to Paul Keating?

Hypothesis: Howard differed from his Labor predecessor Paul Keating in that he supported traditional Australian institutions like the Monarchy in Australia, the commemoration of ANZAC Day and the design of the Australian flag, but like Keating he pursued privatisation of public utilities and the introduction of a broad based consumption tax (although Keating had dropped support for a GST by the time of his 1993 election victory).


Premise: What part of town is the plant owned by VWN located in?

Hypothesis: Since 2008 a take-over is in progress: the Schaeffler Group from Herzogenaurach (Bavaria) holds the majority of the stock but were required due to the financial crisis to deposit the options as securities at banks.


Premise: The Melbourne financial crisis was a contributing factor to what banking crisis in 1893?

Hypothesis: The Melbourne financial crisis was a contributing factor in the Australian economic depression of the 1890s and the Australian banking crisis of 1893.


Premise: Both organizations withdrew what?

Hypothesis: "It was unconscionable," said a UN official who was briefed on the arguments.


Premise: When did Washington University secure its charter?

Hypothesis: Washington University is unusual among major American universities in not having had a prior financial endowment.


Premise: What does Telewizja Polska operate?

Hypothesis: Prior to the trial proceedings, EchoStar indicated that it intended to offer Wayback Machine snapshots as proof of the past content of Telewizja Polska's web site.


Premise: What is one of the leading international centers for biblical research?

Hypothesis: The province of France has produced a large number of preachers.


Premise: What has the 'war on terror' done to the US's international image?

Hypothesis: There is also perceived U.S. hypocrisy, media-induced hysteria, and that differences in foreign and security policy have damaged America's image in most of the world.


Premise: When was the Colossus sent to Bletchley Park?

Hypothesis: He spent eleven months from early February 1943 designing and building the first Colossus.


Premise: How did Gaddafi deal with peer pressure regarding his cultural background?

Hypothesis: Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain.


Premise: What would you call a frame that holds the cask of beer horizontally when it arrives at the pub?

Hypothesis: At this point the beer is ready to sell, either being pulled through a beer line with a hand pump, or simply being "gravity-fed" directly into the glass.


Premise: What people make up the majority of Pashupatinath followers?

Hypothesis: Believers in Pashupatinath (mainly Hindus) are allowed to enter the temple premises, but non-Hindu visitors are allowed to view the temple only from the across the Bagmati River.


Premise: What are the university buildings still standing at the Banská Akadémia used for now?

Hypothesis: University has launched the first book of electrotechnics in the world.


Premise: What type of factory was built in Somerset

Hypothesis: A Royal Ordnance Factory, ROF Bridgwater was built at the start of the Second World War, between the villages of Puriton and Woolavington, to manufacture explosives.


Premise: In what province of Canada is the Athabasca Basin?

Hypothesis: Extensive measures must be employed to extract the metal from its ore.


Premise: What is the  estimation of deer slaughtered in Charles Town from 1739 to 1761?

Hypothesis: Between 1699 and 1715, colonists exported an average of 54,000 deer skins annually to Europe through Charles Town.


Premise: Where was the Pacific Fleets nuclear-powered aircraft carrier supposed to be stationed?

Hypothesis: Several months later, on 3 November 2011 the Russian newspaper Izvestiya reported that the naval building plan now included (first) the construction of a new shipyard capable of building large hull ships, after which Moscow will build two (80,000 tons full load each) nuclear-powered aircraft carriers by 2027.


Premise: What does midho mean in English?

Hypothesis: At first listen, Somali music might be mistaken for the sounds of nearby regions such as Ethiopia, Sudan or Arabia, but it is ultimately recognizable by its own unique tunes and styles.


Premise: Who celebrated his 50th anniversary?

Hypothesis: The 50th anniversary of his death was celebrated on 3 June 2013 by Pope Francis, who visited his tomb and prayed there, then addressing the gathered crowd and spoke about the late pope.


Premise: Who was the nephew of leopold?

Hypothesis: William IV, however, disapproved of any match with the Coburgs, and instead favoured the suit of Prince Alexander of the Netherlands, second son of the Prince of Orange.


Premise: Why was a surrogate character mechanism implemented?

Hypothesis: In 1996, a surrogate character mechanism was implemented in Unicode 2.0, so that Unicode was no longer restricted to 16 bits.


Premise: What is the largest Presbyterian church denomination in Canada?

Hypothesis: In Canada, the largest Presbyterian denomination – and indeed the largest Protestant denomination – was the Presbyterian Church in Canada, formed in 1875 with the merger of four regional groups.


Premise: How is all university landscape waste used?

Hypothesis: New construction and renovation projects will be designed to provide at least a 20% improvement over energy code requirements where technically feasible.


Premise: What is the purpose of a DBMS?

Hypothesis: A database is not generally portable across different DBMSs, but different DBMS can interoperate by using standards such as SQL and ODBC or JDBC to allow a single application to work with more than one DBMS.


Premise: about how long ago did the climate become favorable?

Hypothesis: During the Cenozoic era, specifically about 25 million years ago during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs, the continental climate became favorable to the evolution of grasslands.


Premise: Heroic deeds are often a theme of what type of Rajasthani song?

Hypothesis: Folk songs are commonly ballads which relate heroic deeds and love stories; and religious or devotional songs known as bhajans and banis which are often accompanied by musical instruments like dholak, sitar, and sarangi are also sung.


Premise: What approach was not the only one taken in the 18th century?

Hypothesis: Similarly, the Constitution of Massachusetts originally provided that "no subject shall be hurt, molested, or restrained, in his person, liberty, or estate, for worshipping God in the manner and season most agreeable to the dictates of his own conscience... provided he doth not disturb the public peace, or obstruct others in their religious worship," (Article II) but also that:


Premise: What was the final straw that precipitated the baronial uprising during John's final years as king?

Hypothesis: Tensions between John and the barons had been growing for several years, as demonstrated by the 1212 plot against the king.


Premise: How many years ago was Tennessee first inhabited by humans?

Hypothesis: The names of the cultural groups that inhabited the area between first settlement and the time of European contact are unknown, but several distinct cultural phases have been named by archaeologists, including Archaic (8000–1000 BC), Woodland (1000 BC–1000 AD), and Mississippian (1000–1600 AD), whose chiefdoms were the cultural predecessors of the Muscogee people who inhabited the Tennessee River Valley before Cherokee migration into the river's headwaters.


Premise: How many Buddhists are in China?

Hypothesis: They are mostly followers of Chinese schools of Mahayana, making this the largest body of Buddhist traditions.


Premise: In what year was the Order of the Garter established?

Hypothesis: This new-found ethos can be seen as a response to the diminishing military role of the aristocracy, and gradually it became almost entirely detached from its military origin.


Premise: In what country is the beer Oshikundu produced?

Hypothesis: Around the world, there are many traditional and ancient starch-based drinks classed as beer.


Premise: What do the distributed poles of a hysteresis synchronous motor resemble?

Hypothesis: Its distributed poles make it act like a PMSM.


Premise: What public department inspects the restaurants of New York?

Hypothesis: The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene assigns letter grades to the city's 24,000 restaurants based upon their inspection results.


Premise: Who was the Lady Sacred Mountain?

Hypothesis: The first saw creation as the result of a series of hieros gami or sacred marriages, involving the reconciliation of opposites, postulated as a coming together of male and female divine beings; the gods.


Premise: What was the code first called in Europe?

Hypothesis: Because of his extensive work on ASCII, Bemer has been called "the father of ASCII."


Premise: What is a unit load defined as?

Hypothesis: A high-power device draws, at most, the maximum number of unit loads the standard permits.


Premise: Which candidate did Schwarzenegger appear with at a presidential campaign rally?

Hypothesis: He first came to wide public notice as a Republican during the 1988 presidential election, accompanying then-Vice President George H.W. Bush at a campaign rally.


Premise: What was Le Corbusier 's profession?

Hypothesis: That is Architecture".


Premise: Saint Helena's economy is now almost completely sustained by what?

Hypothesis: St Helena's economy is now weak, and is almost entirely sustained by aid from the British government.


Premise: What is the ratio that anthropogenic and natural emissions occur at?

Hypothesis: After increasing 10-fold from 1850, zinc emissions peaked at 3.4 million tonnes per year in the 1980s and declined to 2.7 million tonnes in the 1990s, although a 2005 study of the Arctic troposphere found that the concentrations there did not reflect the decline.


Premise: How many people across the Tibetan Plateau speak 'greater Tibetan'?

Hypothesis: However, if the latter group of Tibetan-type languages are included in the calculation, then 'greater Tibetan' is spoken by approximately 6 million people across the Tibetan Plateau.


Premise: What were the Old West's local police options?

Hypothesis: In the American Old West, policing was often of very poor quality.[citation needed]


Premise: For both men and women average life expectancy is how many years?

Hypothesis: Mali has one of the world's highest rates of infant mortality, with 106 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2007.


Premise: What was the name of the company that held the patents from Edison's research?

Hypothesis: The new company also acquired Sprague Electric Railway & Motor Company in the same year.


Premise: What type of feeling is pain?

Hypothesis: Because it is a complex, subjective phenomenon, defining pain has been a challenge.


Premise: Fearing the provocation of Communist China, what country's request for combat troops did the US deny?

Hypothesis: The United States denied ROC's request for combat, lest it provoke a communist Chinese retaliation.


Premise: Oltenia is also known as what?

Hypothesis: The Treaty also revealed that the Ottoman Empire was on the defensive and unlikely to present any further aggression in Europe.


Premise: What battle marks the end of Diodorus Siculus' work?

Hypothesis: Another important source, Plutarch's (c.50—c.120) Parallel Lives though more preoccupied with issues of personal character and morality, outlines the history of important Hellenistic figures.


Premise: Who made up the Axis powers?

Hypothesis: When World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1]


Premise: What is the definition of Space Control according to the US and its allies?

Hypothesis: Space Control is defined as "operations to ensure freedom of action in space for the US and its allies and, when directed, deny an adversary freedom of action in space.


Premise: Which Kanye West video failed to win Best Video at the MTV Europe Music Awards?

Hypothesis: At the American Music Awards of 2004, West stormed out of the auditorium after losing Best New Artist to country singer Gretchen Wilson.


Premise: Who is Kerry's 2nd wife?

Hypothesis: Early the following year, Senator Heinz was killed in a plane crash near Lower Merion.


Premise: Airburst fuses could be which two things?

Hypothesis: Airburst fuses were either igniferious (based on a burning fuse) or mechanical (clockwork).


Premise: What do anaerobic bacteria consume?

Hypothesis: The bacteria in this association are unable to consume the organic acids as this reaction produces hydrogen that accumulates in their surroundings.


Premise: When did the Democratic Movement of Moldova start operating?

Hypothesis: In the public discourse, the movement called for national awakening, freedom of speech, revival of Moldavian traditions, and for attainment of official status for the Romanian language and return to the Latin alphabet.


Premise: Into what parts did the Pasupatas divide the world?

Hypothesis: Pāśupatas divided the created world into the insentient and the sentient.


Premise: What did Carnivore monitor?

Hypothesis: After prolonged negative coverage in the press, the FBI changed the name of its system from "Carnivore" to "DCS1000."


Premise: What shape were the shields of the infantry of Lagash?

Hypothesis: The infantrymen carried spears, wore copper helmets, and carried rectangular shields.


Premise: During which decade was assention by commission discontinued?

Hypothesis: During the 1960s, the ceremony of assenting by commission was discontinued and is now only employed once a year, at the end of the annual parliamentary session.


Premise: On what date did the business relationship between the AFL and NBC end?

Hypothesis: NBC and the Arena Football League officially severed ties on June 30, 2006, having failed to reach a new broadcast deal.


Premise: What was Tucson's wettest year?

Hypothesis: The wettest year was 1905 with 24.17 in (614 mm) and the driest year was 1924 with 5.07 in (129 mm).


Premise: What did Boas' argue against?

Hypothesis: Since the work of Franz Boas and Bronisław Malinowski in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, social anthropology in Great Britain and cultural anthropology in the US have been distinguished from other social sciences by its emphasis on cross-cultural comparisons, long-term in-depth examination of context, and the importance it places on participant-observation or experiential immersion in the area of research.


Premise: Who wrote in 545 that "the Sclaveni and the Antae actually had a single name in the remote past; for they were both called Spori in olden times."?

Hypothesis: He describes their social structure and beliefs:


Premise: What is a legal system older than Catholic law?

Hypothesis: What began with rules ("canons") adopted by the Apostles at the Council of Jerusalem in the first century has developed into a highly complex legal system encapsulating not just norms of the New Testament, but some elements of the Hebrew (Old Testament), Roman, Visigothic, Saxon, and Celtic legal traditions.


Premise: What did Apple include with the iPod to resolve the screen problem?

Hypothesis: Apple initially considered the issue a minor defect, but later began shipping these iPods with protective sleeves.[citation needed]


Premise: In what form is anatta not meant as a metaphysical assertion?

Hypothesis: In the Nikayas anatta is not meant as a metaphysical assertion, but as an approach for gaining release from suffering.


Premise: On what date did Montini publicly address charges of homosexuality?

Hypothesis: In a brief address to a crowd of approximately 20,000 in St. Peters Square on April 18, Montini called the charges "horrible and slanderous insinuations" and appealed for prayers on his behalf.


Premise: How is the mandolin usually played?

Hypothesis: A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mandoˈliːno]; literally "small mandola") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick".


Premise: In how many FIFA world cups has England appeared?

Hypothesis: England first appeared at the 1950 FIFA World Cup and have appeared in 14 FIFA World Cups, they are tied for sixth-best in terms of number of wins alongside France and Spain.


Premise: Retirees from what two professions often sought licenses for pubs?

Hypothesis: Often these were ex-servicemen or ex-policemen; retiring to run a pub was popular amongst military officers at the end of their service.


Premise: What heritage do many modern domesticated flower species have?

Hypothesis: Many modern domesticated flower species were formerly simple weeds, which sprouted only when the ground was disturbed.


Premise: How much rain does Houston usually get per year?

Hypothesis: Houston has historically received an ample amount of rainfall, averaging about 49.8 in (1,260 mm) annually per 1981–2010 normals.


Premise: How many "land banks" and building societies collapsed during the 1890s depression in Melbourne?

Hypothesis: The effects of the depression on the city were profound, with virtually no new construction until the late 1890s.


Premise: What was Yangon previously known as?

Hypothesis: KMC's first international relationship was established in 1975 with the city of Eugene, Oregon, United States.


Premise: What was Nasser's father's occupation?

Hypothesis: Nasser's biographers Robert Stephens and Said Aburish wrote that Nasser's family believed strongly in the "Arab notion of glory", since the name of Nasser's brother, Izz al-Arab, translates to "Glory of the Arabs"—a rare name in Egypt.


Premise: According to the doctrine of Immaculate Conception, where was Mary when she first become filled with grace?

Hypothesis: Roman Catholics believe in the Immaculate Conception of Mary, as proclaimed Ex Cathedra by Pope Pius IX in 1854, namely that she was filled with grace from the very moment of her conception in her mother's womb and preserved from the stain of original sin.


Premise: Which Nontrinitarian theologian says that God cannot approach eveil spirits to redeem them?

Hypothesis: Emanuel Swedenborg says God as he is in himself could not directly approach evil spirits to redeem those spirits without destroying them (Exodus 33:20, John 1:18), so God impregnated Mary, who gave Jesus Christ access to the evil heredity of the human race, which he could approach, redeem and save.


Premise: Who does space superiority ensure freedom of action in space for?

Hypothesis: Space superiority is "the degree of dominance in space of one force over another that permits the conduct of operations by the former and its related land, sea, air, space, and special operations forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the opposing force" (JP 1-02).


Premise: Where is Tohono Chul Park?

Hypothesis: Casas Adobes is also home to Tohono Chul Park


Premise: How much has the Red Cross Society  collected?

Hypothesis: The association has also collected a total of $26 million in donations so far.


Premise: What limits excessive torque?

Hypothesis: Always limited by magnetic core saturation or safe operating temperature rise and voltage, the capacity for torque bursts beyond the maximum operating torque differs significantly between categories of electric motors or generators.


Premise: Who made the instruments used by the Dubliners?

Hypothesis: The Irish guitarist Rory Gallagher often played the mandolin on stage, and he most famously used it in the song "Going To My Hometown."


Premise: LED efficacy is inversely proportional to what?

Hypothesis: However, they may be more susceptible to frost and snow buildup than incandescent lamps, so some LED lighting systems have been designed with an added heating circuit.


Premise: Along with other factors, how long must a target be engaged to have effective ceiling?

Hypothesis: The British adopted "effective ceiling", meaning the altitude at which a gun could deliver a series of shells against a moving target; this could be constrained by maximum fuse running time as well as the gun's capability.


Premise: What country has operated polytechnic institutes for nearly 44 years?

Hypothesis: Polytechnics in Malaysia has been operated for almost 44 years.


Premise: In what year did the space shuttle Challenger explode after launch?

Hypothesis: In the late 1980s, the city's economy suffered from the nationwide recession.


Premise: When did George W. Bush first say 'war on terror'?

Hypothesis: On 16 September 2001, at Camp David, President George W. Bush used the phrase war on terrorism in an unscripted and controversial comment when he said, "This crusade – this war on terrorism – is going to take a while, ... " Bush later apologized for this remark due to the negative connotations the term crusade has to people, e.g. of Muslim faith.


Premise: Along with da Vinci, who were two other artists regarded as masters of the High Renaissance?

Hypothesis: As the centre of the movement shifted to Rome, the period culminated in the High Renaissance masters da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael.


Premise: Who might Darwin have feared upsetting by publishing his work?

Hypothesis: It was long thought that Darwin avoided or delayed making his ideas public for personal reasons.


Premise: In what historical period did the different types of Germanic languages stop being collectively understood?

Hypothesis: It appears that the Frankish tribes fit primarily into the Istvaeonic dialect group with certain Ingvaeonic influences towards the northwest, still seen in modern Dutch.


Premise: Who were spiritual intermediates?

Hypothesis: Religious officials, who often held positions of power, were the spiritual intermediaries to the common person.


Premise: Serotonin is a neuromodulator that is involved in regulation of what?

Hypothesis: Serotonin is a neuromodulator involved in regulation of mood and behavior.


Premise: Why did Britain not want Elizabeth to associate with conscientious objectors?

Hypothesis: Home Secretary, Herbert Morrison supported the idea, but the King rejected it because he felt such a title belonged solely to the wife of a Prince of Wales and the Prince of Wales had always been the heir apparent.


Premise: How much was the amount of first five seasons of the Sky television rights?

Hypothesis: The first Sky television rights agreement was worth £304 million over five seasons.


Premise: Who was his heir?

Hypothesis: A compromise candidate in the person of Hong Taiji's five-year-old son, Fulin, was installed as the Shunzhi Emperor, with Dorgon as regent and de facto leader of the Manchu nation.


Premise: Where was the military court located that tried the tribal leaders in 1971?

Hypothesis: The ASU recognized the RCC as its "Supreme Leading Authority", and was designed to further revolutionary enthusiasm throughout the country.


Premise: Where does the Governor's cup take place?

Hypothesis: The Governor's Cup is a yacht race between Cape Town and Saint Helena island, held every two years in December/January; the most recent event was in December 2010.


Premise: What effect did the discoveries of Columbus and da Gama have on European nations?

Hypothesis: Europeans also discovered new trading routes, as was the case with Columbus’s travel to the Americas in 1492, and Vasco da Gama’s circumnavigation of Africa and India in 1498.


Premise: In terms of capacity how big was the new constructed New Haven Athletic Center?

Hypothesis: The DeStefano administration did, however, see the construction of the New Haven Athletic Center in 1998, a 94,000-square-foot (8,700 m2) indoor athletic facility with a seating capacity of over 3,000.


Premise: Who were the founders of progressive education?

Hypothesis: Other influential writers and thinkers have included the Swiss humanitarian Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi; the American transcendentalists Amos Bronson Alcott, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Henry David Thoreau; the founders of progressive education, John Dewey and Francis Parker; and educational pioneers such as Maria Montessori and Rudolf Steiner, and more recently John Caldwell Holt, Paul Goodman, Frederick Mayer, George Dennison and Ivan Illich.


Premise: The article about Kanye's fourth album written by Matthew Trammell was published in what magazine?

Hypothesis: Drawing inspiration from artists such as Gary Numan, TJ Swan and Boy George, and maintaining a "minimal but functional" approach towards the album's studio production, West explored the electronic feel produced by Auto-Tune and utilized the sounds created by the 808, manipulating its pitch to produce a distorted, electronic sound; he then sought to juxtapose mechanical sounds with the traditional sounds of taiko drums and choir monks.


Premise: What is an example of a surjective map?

Hypothesis: The counterpart to injective maps are surjective maps (every element of the target is mapped onto), such as the canonical map G → G / N.y[›] Interpreting subgroup and quotients in light of these homomorphisms emphasizes the structural concept inherent to these definitions alluded to in the introduction.


Premise: How high were the buildings in the Mature Indus ?

Hypothesis: The civilisation is noted for its cities built of brick, roadside drainage system, and multistoreyed houses and is thought to have had some kind of municipal organization.


Premise: What do their studies consist of?

Hypothesis: Continuous study of the scriptures, theological writings, and understanding and interpretation of church doctrine are embodied in several statements of faith and catechisms formally adopted by various branches of the church, often referred to as "subordinate standards".


Premise: The officers of the General Staff were hand-selected from which place?

Hypothesis: The officers of the General Staff were hand-picked from the Prussian Kriegsakademie (War Academy).


Premise: Who stopped Maclean after he shot the Queen?

Hypothesis: Victoria was outraged when he was found not guilty by reason of insanity, but was so pleased by the many expressions of loyalty after the attack that she said it was "worth being shot at—to see how much one is loved".


Premise: What type of weather systems in Boston can produce much snow and rain?

Hypothesis: Boston's coastal location on the North Atlantic moderates its temperature, but makes the city very prone to Nor'easter weather systems that can produce much snow and rain.


Premise: What was the colonial experience for Africans described as?

Hypothesis: With the colonial claim came the underlying assumption that the European power that exerted control would use its mandate to offer protection and provide welfare for its colonial peoples, however, this principle remained more theory than practice.


Premise: Who built the first Colossus in 1943?

Hypothesis: To crack the more sophisticated German Lorenz SZ 40/42 machine, used for high-level Army communications, Max Newman and his colleagues commissioned Flowers to build the Colossus.


Premise: Who annexed territory formerly controlled by the Habsburgs and Savoys?

Hypothesis: In 1798 he established the Helvetic Republic in Switzerland; two years later he led an army across the St. Bernard pass and conquered almost all of the Alpine regions.


Premise: What disease did antibiotics help eliminate?

Hypothesis: Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world.


Premise: What is copper bound with when it is sent to the liver?

Hypothesis: Copper in the body normally undergoes enterohepatic circulation (about 5 mg a day, vs. about 1 mg per day absorbed in the diet and excreted from the body), and the body is able to excrete some excess copper, if needed, via bile, which carries some copper out of the liver that is not then reabsorbed by the intestine.


Premise: What would be an indication of a shared inheritance in two cacti?

Hypothesis: The basic approach is to use similarities based on shared inheritance to determine relationships.


Premise: Who created LD Jukeboxes in 1985?

Hypothesis: In 1985, Jasmine Multimedia created LaserDisc Juke Boxes featuring music videos from Michael Jackson, Duran Duran, and Cyndi Lauper.


Premise: Pollen transferred in the reproduction of plants is called?

Hypothesis: Pollination is the process by which pollen is transferred in the reproduction of plants, thereby enabling fertilisation and sexual reproduction.


Premise: What is the purpose of an evolutionary arms race?

Hypothesis: Some will switch to other prey (with varying degrees of success) when the preferred target is extremely scarce, and they may also resort to scavenging or a herbivorous diet if possible.[citation needed]


Premise: Who was responsible for disbanding the Sex Pistols?

Hypothesis: Bands such as Scritti Politti, Gang of Four and This Heat incorporated Leftist political philosophy and their own art school studies in their work.


Premise: What does DVB stand for?

Hypothesis: These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users.


Premise: The Sakya regime established what kind of relationship between the Tibetans and Mongol converts?

Hypothesis: He adds that "Although agreements were made between Tibetan leaders and Mongol khans, Ming and Qing emperors, it was the Republic of China and its Communist successors that assumed the former imperial tributaries and subject states as integral parts of the Chinese nation-state."


Premise: How much of the Swiss population live in urban areas?

Hypothesis: However, from the beginning of the 21st century, the population growth in urban areas is higher than in the countryside.


Premise: Hidalgo was turned over by whom?

Hypothesis: He was then found guilty of treason by a military court and executed by firing squad on July 30 at 7 in the morning.


Premise: What did President Salovey believe would happen if Calhoun's name was removed from the college?

Hypothesis: He claimed that if they removed Calhoun's name, it would "obscure" his "legacy of slavery rather than addressing it."


Premise: What rappers were featured in the songs that Kanye produced for Tell 'Em Why U Madd?

Hypothesis: Why U Madd, an album that was released by D-Dot under the alias of The Madd Rapper; a fictional character he created for a skit on The Notorious B.I.G.'s second and final studio album Life After Death.


Premise: Many insects are able to see visible light, ultraviolet, and what other kind of light?

Hypothesis: Many species are able to detect light in the infrared, ultraviolet and the visible light wavelengths.


Premise: When did Ontario adopt the Canada Not-for-Profit Corporations Act?

Hypothesis: During 2009, the federal government enacted new legislation repealing the Canada Corporations Act, Part II - the Canada Not-for-Profit Corporations Act.


Premise: Who rated BYU as the #1 safest college campus in the nation?

Hypothesis: As mentioned earlier, The Princeton Review has rated BYU the "#1 stone cold sober school" in the nation for several years running, an honor which the late LDS Church president Gordon B. Hinckley had commented on with pride.


Premise: Who could invest in the U.S. housing market through MBS and CDO?

Hypothesis: As housing prices declined, major global financial institutions that had borrowed and invested heavily in subprime MBS reported significant losses.


Premise: What 1802 treaty between Britain and France ended the Revolutionary Wars?

Hypothesis: Amiens called for the withdrawal of British troops from recently conquered colonial territories as well as for assurances to curtail the expansionary goals of the French Republic.


Premise: Chinese Australian students were told to defend what against scum and separatists?

Hypothesis: Australian police have been given powers to search relay spectators, following a call by the Chinese Students and Scholars Association for Chinese Australian students to "go defend our sacred torch" against "ethnic degenerate scum and anti-China separatists".


Premise: What do NPOs in South Africa give to their donors?

Hypothesis: In South Africa, charities issue a tax certificate when requested by donors which can be used as a tax deduction by the donor. Non


Premise: What are the most common foods in Estonia?

Hypothesis: The most typical foods in Estonia are black bread, pork, potatoes, and dairy products.


Premise: What was the focus of the Imperial College London?

Hypothesis: In 1907, Imperial College London was formed by Royal Charter, and soon joined the University of London, with a focus on science and technology.


Premise: What format besides H.264 was playable with HTML5?

Hypothesis: Only browsers that supported HTML5 Video using the H.264 or WebM formats could play the videos, and not all videos on the site were available.


Premise: When did Hanover become a comparitvely large town?

Hypothesis: Hanover was a small village of ferrymen and fishermen that became a comparatively large town in the 13th century due to its position at a natural crossroads.


Premise: Who was one significant early italian resident?

Hypothesis: There was also one significant early Italian resident by the name of Jorge Burgues.


Premise: Who led the faction that challenged Kim-Il-sung?

Hypothesis: The North Korean contributions to the Chinese Communist victory were not forgotten after the creation of the People's Republic of China in 1949.


Premise: What is formed when the collagen and elastic glycoproteins surrounding eukaryotic cells are calcified?

Hypothesis: This may be calcified to form structures like shells, bones, and spicules.


Premise: According to the 2010 census, what was the white population in Seattle?

Hypothesis: In 1960, whites comprised 91.6% of the city's population, while in 2010 they comprised 69.5%.


Premise: When did Afro Samurai first air?

Hypothesis: Starring the voice of well known American actor Samuel L. Jackson, “Afro is the second-strongest fighter in a futuristic, yet, still feudal Japan and seeks revenge upon the gunman who killed his father” (King 2008).


Premise: Christians are the majority in how many countries and territories in the world today?

Hypothesis: Christians make up the majority of the population in 158 countries and territories.


Premise: Was Russia or Belarus first in their declaration?

Hypothesis: The plan generated widespread complaints due to the dark of wintertime morning, and thus was abandoned in 2014.


Premise: What company is Martin Judge the founder of?

Hypothesis: Ganlan Media has since dropped this name and will carry the league's name as its corporate identity.


Premise: Which religion is cited as having problems with modern biblical criticism?

Hypothesis: Issues in the Protestant churches have included modern biblical criticism and the nature of God.


Premise: Who was one person who did not fully believe the struggle of conscience?

Hypothesis: The Westminster Confession is "The principal subordinate standard of the Church of Scotland" but "with due regard to liberty of opinion in points which do not enter into the substance of the Faith" (V).


Premise: Who make the Turks retreat back to Batum?

Hypothesis: In the north Eristov pushed southwest, fought two battles, forced the Turks back to Batum, retired behind the Cholok River and suspended action for the rest of the year (June).


Premise: In meters, what is the highest point in the Plymouth Unitary Authority?

Hypothesis: In the Sound is Drake's Island which is seen from Plymouth Hoe, a flat public area on top of limestone cliffs.


Premise: What century did Nasser rule in?

Hypothesis: Nasser remains an iconic figure in the Arab world, particularly for his strides towards social justice and Arab unity, modernization policies, and anti-imperialist efforts.


Premise: What author called wood's density "fairly easily measured"?

Hypothesis: (Elliott 1970).


Premise: What did MarketWatch think was the fourth best city for business?

Hypothesis: In February 2006, MeadWestvaco announced that they would move from Stamford, Connecticut, to Richmond in 2008 with the help of the Greater Richmond Partnership, a regional economic development organization that also helped locate Aditya Birla Minacs, Amazon.com, and Honeywell International, to the region.


Premise: How much less viscous is lead glass compared with soda glass?

Hypothesis: The high ionic radius of the Pb2+ ion renders it highly immobile in the matrix and hinders the movement of other ions; lead glasses therefore have high electrical resistance, about two orders of magnitude higher than soda-lime glass (108.5 vs 106.5 Ohm·cm, DC at 250 °C).


Premise: Which Yale president assisted with New Haven's revitalization efforts?

Hypothesis: Under President Levin, Yale has financially supported many of New Haven's efforts to reinvigorate the city.


Premise: Along with reducing the federal deficit, what was Eisenhower's main policy priority as president?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower's main goals in office were to keep pressure on the Soviet Union and reduce federal deficits.


Premise: When was the first digital cinema projection in Europe?

Hypothesis: On 2 February 2000, Philippe Binant realised the first digital cinema projection in Europe, with the DLP CINEMA technology developed by Texas Instruments, in Paris.


Premise: At what age did Chopin  leave Poland?

Hypothesis: " Chopin was born in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw, and grew up in Warsaw, which after 1815 became part of Congress Poland.


Premise: Is there seeding?

Hypothesis: The next six rounds are the "proper" rounds where all clubs are in one draw.


Premise: What was Athanasius accused of planning against the Arians?

Hypothesis: At that meeting, the Arians claimed Athanasius would try to cut off essential Egyptian grain supplies to Constantinople.


Premise: What does needing energy to digest impose?

Hypothesis: Differences in that overhead cost are important influences on lifestyle, behavior, and even physical structures.


Premise: What is one of the famous Lima-based restaurants in Mexico City?

Hypothesis: Three of the most famous Lima-based Haute Peruvian restaurants, La Mar, Segundo Muelle and Astrid


Premise: What state does Mexico City belong to?

Hypothesis: Mexico City, being the seat of the powers of the Union, did not belong to any particular state but to all.


Premise: What company manufactured Elixir Sulfanilamide?

Hypothesis: The product was formulated in diethylene glycol, a highly toxic solvent that is now widely used as antifreeze.


Premise: When was the last election held for the executive council positions?

Hypothesis: The new status took effect on 15 July 2007, when the first territorial council was elected, according to the law.


Premise: What group led the rebellion in Northern Mali?

Hypothesis: However, Islamist groups including Ansar Dine and Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), who had helped the MNLA defeat the government, turned on the Tuareg and took control of the North with the goal of implementing sharia in Mali.


Premise: When was Twilight Princess launched in North America?

Hypothesis: Originally planned for release on the GameCube in November 2005, Twilight Princess was delayed by Nintendo to allow its developers to refine the game, add more content, and port it to the Wii.


Premise: What is dutch for "Peasant Wedding"?

Hypothesis: Carnival in the Netherlands is called Carnaval, Vastenavond or Vastelaovend(j), and is most celebrated in traditionally Catholic regions, mainly the southern provinces North Brabant and Limburg.


Premise: What title does United Technologies Corporation hold?

Hypothesis: Today the Otis Elevator Company, now a subsidiary of United Technologies Corporation, is the world's largest manufacturer of vertical transport systems.


Premise: Which newest member was removed from Destiny's Child?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé would later speak of her mother as the person who helped her fight it.


Premise: From which company did the Alstom board reject a rival acquisition proposal?

Hypothesis: A rival offer from Siemens-Mitsubishi Heavy Industries was rejected.


Premise: Who did Bell meet in 1874?

Hypothesis: However, a chance meeting in 1874 between Bell and Thomas A. Watson, an experienced electrical designer and mechanic at the electrical machine shop of Charles Williams, changed all that.


Premise: What is a term that is used to mean prime minister?

Hypothesis: A stand-out case is the President of Iran, who is not actually a head of state, but the head of the government of Iran.


Premise: What Egyptian party dismissed Nasser's popular appeal?

Hypothesis: Some of Nasser's liberal and Islamist critics in Egypt, including the founding members of the New Wafd Party and writer Jamal Badawi, dismissed Nasser's popular appeal with the Egyptian masses during his presidency as being the product of successful manipulation and demagoguery.


Premise: Who requested that Dominic travel to Denmark?

Hypothesis: In 1203, Dominic joined Prior Diego de Acebo on an embassy to Denmark for the monarchy of Spain, to arrange the marriage between the son of King Alfonso VIII of Castile and a niece of King Valdemar II of Denmark.


Premise: Where was the Galilean village?

Hypothesis: The identification of Jesus as the Messiah is not accepted by Judaism.


Premise: Roughly how many Malians are descendants of slaves?

Hypothesis: There still persist certain hereditary servitude relationships, and according to some estimates, even today approximately 200,000 Malians are still enslaved.


Premise: What city hosted the 2010 Winter Olympics?

Hypothesis: The U.S. Olympic Committee and Comcast have ended the plans to create The U.S. Olympic Network.


Premise: What is the most commonly practiced religion in New Delhi?

Hypothesis: Hinduism is the religion of 79.8% of New Delhi's population.


Premise: Of what nationality was John Wycliffe?

Hypothesis: John Wycliffe (d. 1384), an English theologian, was condemned as a heretic in 1415 for teaching that the laity should have access to the text of the Bible as well as for holding views on the Eucharist that were contrary to church doctrine.


Premise: What parts of the Bronx have more hills?

Hypothesis: The western parts of the Bronx are hillier and are dominated by a series of parallel ridges, running south to north.


Premise: The introduction of the Nike Ajax missile caused what to disappear?

Hypothesis: The same thing occurred in the USSR after the introduction of their SA-2 Guideline systems.


Premise: Between what avenues is 21st Street known by Police Officer Anthony Sanchez Way?

Hypothesis: Along the northern perimeter of Gramercy Park, between Gramercy Park East and Gramercy Park West, 21st Street is known as Gramercy Park North.


Premise: Where was war concentrated during the Three Kings Period?

Hypothesis: However, the massive migration of northern Han Chinese into Fujian region mainly occurred after the Disaster of Yongjia.


Premise: Where are glucose and galactose absorbed?

Hypothesis: Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down the disaccharide lactose to its component parts, glucose and galactose.


Premise: What does a court need to imprison a member of the nobility?

Hypothesis: Henceforth no member of the nobility could be imprisoned without a warrant from a court of justice: the king could neither punish nor imprison any noble at his whim.


Premise: How many people live below the poverty line in Bangladesh?

Hypothesis: Especially states with a fragile political system have to fear that investors from Western states withdraw their money because of the crisis.


Premise: What does the term "Early Modern" mean?

Hypothesis: to distinguish the time between what we call Middle Ages and time of the late Enlightenment (1800) (when the meaning of the term Modern Ages was developing its contemporary form).


Premise: When is the final?

Hypothesis: There is no seeding, the fixtures in each round being determined by a random draw.


Premise: What was Dr. Ali El Deen Hilal Dessouki's position?

Hypothesis: Dessouki also stated that "the real center of power in Egypt is the military".


Premise: In what type of soil is zinc deficiency most common?

Hypothesis: Zinc-deficient soil is cultivated in the cropland of about half of Turkey and India, a third of China, and most of Western Australia, and substantial responses to zinc fertilization have been reported in these areas.


Premise: In what century were the operating hours of drinking establishments first limited?

Hypothesis: From the mid-19th century on the opening hours of licensed premises in the UK were restricted.


Premise: Who had done better, the Prussians in Europe or the Brits in North America?

Hypothesis: The British attempted to persuade the Dutch Republic to join the alliance, but the request was rejected, as the Dutch wished to remain fully neutral.


Premise: What happened in Philadelphia in 1856?

Hypothesis: From the American Civil War until the mid-20th century, Philadelphia was a bastion of the Republican Party, which arose from the staunch pro-Northern views of Philadelphia residents during and after the war (Philadelphia was chosen as the host city for the first Republican National Convention in 1856).


Premise: What country has Estonian as its official language?

Hypothesis: Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities.


Premise: How do people who are in favor of affirmative action view it?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, those in favor of affirmative action see it as an effort towards inclusion rather than a discriminatory practice.


Premise: During hockey season, when does the late night news update occur?

Hypothesis: During hockey season, this update is usually found during the first intermission of the second game of the doubleheader on Hockey Night in Canada.


Premise: Who opposed the influx of vai forming an alliance with maine?

Hypothesis: The ethnic Kru opposed the influx of Vai, forming an alliance with the Mane to stop further influx of Vai.[citation needed]


Premise: Self-psychology is compelled to investigate how personal self relates to what?

Hypothesis: To the extent that these theories place themselves in the tradition of "psychological" social psychology, they focus on explaining an individual's actions within a group in terms of mental events and states.


Premise: What Catholic doctrine do Protestants not believe in?

Hypothesis: Because the five solas are the main tenets of the Protestant faith, non-denominational groups and organizations are also considered Protestant.


Premise: What areas does Space Superiority operate in?

Hypothesis: Space superiority is "the degree of dominance in space of one force over another that permits the conduct of operations by the former and its related land, sea, air, space, and special operations forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the opposing force" (JP 1-02).


Premise: In what year did the Melbourne Cricket Club secure possession of its now famous ground, the MCG?

Hypothesis: Members of the Melbourne Football Club codified Australian football in 1859, and Yarra rowing clubs and "regattas" became popular about the same time.


Premise: What amount of total public spending in Swaziland is going to wages?

Hypothesis: The wage bill today constitutes over 15% of GDP and 55% of total public spending; these are some of the highest levels on the African continent.


Premise: Which country was Alsace merged into during  1871-1918

Hypothesis: Merger of Alsace into Germany in 1871-1918 lessened antisemitic violence.


Premise: What is the preferential term for those in Burma that are not a part of the racial majority ?

Hypothesis: Myanmar's ethnic minority groups prefer the term "ethnic nationality" over "ethnic minority" as the term "minority" furthers their sense of insecurity in the face of what is often described as "Burmanisation"—the proliferation and domination of the dominant Bamar culture over minority cultures.


Premise: Each year the Earth absorbs how much solar energy in exajoules?

Hypothesis: The amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the planet is so vast that in one year it is about twice as much as will ever be obtained from all of the Earth's non-renewable resources of coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined,


Premise: How many aircraft can supercarriers carry?

Hypothesis: The United States Navy has 10 large nuclear-powered carriers (known as supercarriers, carrying up to 90 aircraft each), the largest carriers in the world; the total deckspace is over twice that of all other nations' combined.


Premise: Is poultry available in various forms?

Hypothesis: The wings are also eaten (Buffalo wings are a popular example in the United States) and may be split into three segments, the meatier "drumette", the "wingette" (also called the "flat"), and the wing tip (also called the "flapper").


Premise: What did the author of Whitehead's biography comment on the first page regarding the difficulty of obtaining information about Whitehead?

Hypothesis: This led to Lowe himself remarking on the first page of Whitehead's biography, "No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him."


Premise: What event was hosted by Atlantic City in 1964?

Hypothesis: The convention and the press coverage it generated, however, cast a harsh light on Atlantic City, which by then was in the midst of a long period of economic decline.


Premise: What city was Cheerwine created and based in?

Hypothesis: A regional soft drink, Cheerwine, was created and is still based in the city of Salisbury.


Premise: What was the annual fee paid by the burgesses of Southampton for the rights of custom and toll laid out in the charter of 1199?

Hypothesis: The definition of the port of Southampton was apparently broader than today and embraced all of the area between Lymington and Langstone.


Premise: What is the schedule of time called when it is not daylight savings time?

Hypothesis: By synchronously resetting all clocks in a region to one hour ahead of Standard Time (one hour "fast"), individuals who follow such a year-round schedule will wake an hour earlier than they would have otherwise; they will begin and complete daily work routines an hour earlier, and they will have available to them an extra hour of daylight after their workday activities.


Premise: what european country were big house music hits being released in, in 1987?

Hypothesis: One 1986 house tune called "Move Your Body" by Marshall Jefferson, taken from the appropriately titled "The House Music Anthem" EP, became a big hit in Chicago and eventually worldwide.


Premise: Why did some critics say that Chopin was too delicate?

Hypothesis: It may have been this experience which encouraged him to commence writing his first Études, (1829–32), exploring the capacities of his own instrument.


Premise: How much of all of Greece's energy demand was supplied by DEI in 2009?

Hypothesis: Energy production in Greece is dominated by the Public Power Corporation (known mostly by its acronym ΔΕΗ, or in English DEI).


Premise: In 2001, how many Greek residents were not citizens?

Hypothesis: A study from the Mediterranean Migration Observatory maintains that the 2001 census recorded 762,191 persons residing in Greece without Greek citizenship, constituting around 7% of total population.


Premise: In the past most Jews prayed in what language?

Hypothesis: Although a far smaller number of Jews still speak Yiddish, Yiddishkeit can be identified in manners of speech, in styles of humor, in patterns of association.