Premise: What part of Greece's GDP is accounted for by tourism?

Hypothesis: Greece attracts more than 16 million tourists each year, thus contributing 18.2% to the nation's GDP in 2008 according to an OECD report.


Premise: Name some side-effects?

Hypothesis: However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects.


Premise: What political philosophy was discussed in the second volume of The Green Book?

Hypothesis: Volume one was devoted to the issue of democracy, outlining the flaws of representative systems in favour of direct, participatory GPCs.


Premise: In Denmark, wind power accounts for what percentage of electricity generated?

Hypothesis: Wind power accounts for approximately 19% of electricity generated in Denmark, 9% in Spain and Portugal, and 6% in Germany and the Republic of Ireland.


Premise: Of what does Dvaita Vedanta theorize the existence?

Hypothesis: Dvaita Vedanta is a dualistic interpretation of the Vedas, espouses dualism by theorizing the existence of two separate realities.


Premise: When was the Dutch East India Company chartered?

Hypothesis: At the end of the 16th century, England and the Netherlands began to challenge Portugal's monopoly of trade with Asia, forming private joint-stock companies to finance the voyages—the English, later British, East India Company and the Dutch East India Company, chartered in 1600 and 1602 respectively.


Premise: What is the term used to describe the making beer?

Hypothesis: Some of humanity's earliest known writings refer to the production and distribution of beer: the Code of Hammurabi included laws regulating beer and beer parlours, and "The Hymn to Ninkasi", a prayer to the Mesopotamian goddess of beer, served as both a prayer and as a method of remembering the recipe for beer in a culture with few literate people.


Premise: What culture annexed Egypt?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, Hellenistic culture continued to thrive in Egypt well after the Muslim conquest.


Premise: Where is Fenway park?

Hypothesis: Since 1966 they have played in Atlanta as the Atlanta Braves.


Premise: What is the ISCII standard?

Hypothesis: Indic scripts such as Tamil and Devanagari are each allocated only 128 code points, matching the ISCII standard.


Premise: What tiny object's source plays a role in determining wood density?

Hypothesis: Age, diameter, height, radial growth, geographical location, site and growing conditions, silvicultural treatment, and seed source, all to some degree influence wood density.


Premise: When do earlier approaches to translation still have relevance for historians?

Hypothesis: Also, though heavily influenced by Western traditions and practiced by translators taught in Western-style educational systems, Chinese and related translation traditions retain some theories and philosophies unique to the Chinese tradition.


Premise: The Explorer gathered what 3 measurements?

Hypothesis: Van Allen was also the man who designed and built the satellite instrumentation of Explorer 1.


Premise: There are two basic forms of data packet, what are they?

Hypothesis: If a USB host does not receive a response (such as an ACK) for data it has transmitted, it does not know if the data was received or not; the data might have been lost in transit, or it might have been received but the handshake response was lost.


Premise: When did releasing music indepentently really hit popularity?

Hypothesis: By 1977, groups began pointedly pursuing methods of releasing music independently , an idea disseminated in particular by the Buzzcocks' release of their Spiral Scratch EP on their own label as well as the self-released 1977 singles of Desperate Bicycles.


Premise: How many nurses does Princess Margaret have on staff?

Hypothesis: Allied health staff include two radiographers, two pharmacists, three laboratory technicians, two dieticians and 13 nurses with specialised training in fields including surgical nursing, anaesthesia nursing/ICU, paediatric nursing and midwifery.


Premise: What distinction does the Recommended Exposure Index have?

Hypothesis: The choices are based solely on the manufacturer’s opinion of what EI values produce well-exposed sRGB images at the various sensor sensitivity settings.


Premise: Along with food aid, what is most at risk in these countries?

Hypothesis: The scale of humanitarian aid to the poor and unstable regions of the world grows, but it is highly vulnerable to corruption, with food aid, construction and other highly valued assistance as the most at risk.


Premise: How was the earliest clothing kept on the body?

Hypothesis: Dyed flax fibers that could have been used in clothing have been found in a prehistoric cave in the Republic of Georgia that date back to 36,000 BP.


Premise: What month did American Idol begin airing its eighth season?

Hypothesis: Season eight premiered on January 13, 2009.


Premise: Coupled with British quick reactions what cause operational capacity hard to achieve?

Hypothesis: In an operational capacity, limitations in weapons technology and quick British reactions were making it more difficult to achieve strategic effect.


Premise: Most of London's skyscrapers are located where?

Hypothesis: London's skyscrapers such as 30 St Mary Axe, Tower 42, the Broadgate Tower and One Canada Square are mostly in the two financial districts, the City of London and Canary Wharf.


Premise: What transformed Arabic languages?

Hypothesis: No longer was legitimate knowledge defined by texts in the religious schools, interpreted for the most part with stultifying literalness.


Premise: What is the number of plants in the Central Sahara?

Hypothesis: The central Sahara is estimated to include five hundred species of plants, which is extremely low considering the huge extent of the area.


Premise: What amendment to the United States Constitution forbids cruel and unusual punishment?

Hypothesis: In this case, the court found that the death penalty was being imposed in an unconstitutional manner, on the grounds of cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution.


Premise: What do they call the bike paths in Mexico City?

Hypothesis: Bicycle-service users have access to several permanent Ciclovías (dedicated bike paths/lanes/streets), including ones along Paseo de la Reforma and Avenida Chapultepec as well as one running 59 kilometres (37 miles) from Polanco to Fierro del Toro, which is located south of Cumbres del Ajusco National Park, near the Morelos state line.


Premise: The ancient nations, people and languages of the enhanced Fertile Crescent will always refer to what?

Hypothesis: The Near East may acquire varying meanings, but the Ancient Near East always has the same meaning: the ancient nations, people and languages of the enhanced Fertile Crescent, a sweep of land from the Nile Valley through Anatolia and southward to the limits of Mesopotamia.


Premise: What occurs when a wrestler enters the ring?

Hypothesis: The music played during the ring entrance will usually mirror the wrestler's personality.


Premise: What times are generally reserved for local newscasts?

Hypothesis: Weekly newsmagazine the fifth estate is also a CBC mainstay, as are documentary series such as Doc Zone.


Premise: What is phenomenalism?

Hypothesis: According to an extreme empiricist theory known as phenomenalism, anticipated by the arguments of both Hume and George Berkeley, a physical object is a kind of construction out of our experiences.


Premise: What survives from the mosaics of Amalfi's Norman Cathedral?

Hypothesis: Southern Italy was also part of the Norman kingdom but great mosaics did not survive in this area except the fine mosaic pavement of the Otranto Cathedral from 1166, with mosaics tied into a tree of life, mostly still preserved.


Premise: What was the name of Napoleon's family home?

Hypothesis: was the first of the sons to be called Napoleone).


Premise: How can a wrestler win in modern times?

Hypothesis: These matches are given a time limit; if not enough falls are scored by the end of the time limit, the match is declared a draw.


Premise: How much development space would a Concourse Yard platform provide?

Hypothesis: The construction would permit approximately 2,000,000 square feet (190,000 m2) of development and would cost US$350–500 million.


Premise: How many bishops attended the First Council?

Hypothesis: Constantine called all the Christian bishops throughout the Roman Empire to a meeting, and some 318 bishops (very few from the Western Empire) attended the First Council of Nicaea.


Premise: What term is the beginning of menstruation given?

Hypothesis: Menarche, the beginning of menstruation, is a relatively late development which follows a long series of hormonal changes.


Premise: What is the target demographic of the rhythmic oldies format?

Hypothesis: Rhythmic oldies stations still exist today, but target African-Americans as opposed to a mass audience.


Premise: When was Paris reunited with its suburbs?

Hypothesis: Paris was reunited with its suburbs on January 1, 2016 when the Métropole du Grand Paris came into existence.


Premise: When did Microsoft start creating Windows 8?

Hypothesis: Windows division president Steven Sinofsky demonstrated an early build of the port on prototype devices, while Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer announced the company's goal for Windows to be "everywhere on every kind of device without compromise.


Premise: Debutantes wore the feather of which bird in their hair?

Hypothesis: These young women were known as débutantes, and the occasion—termed their "coming out"—represented their first entrée into society.


Premise: The setting the mandolin was used in until the 1930's was?

Hypothesis: However, The "Loar" became the defining instrument of bluegrass music when Bill Monroe purchased F-5 S/N 73987 in a Florida barbershop in 1943 and popularized it as his main instrument.


Premise: Yale and New Haven are conjointly attempting to build the area into a research hub for what two industries?

Hypothesis: Yale and New Haven are working to build a medical and biotechnology research hub in the city and Greater New Haven region, and are succeeding to some extent.[citation needed]


Premise: Do Protestants celebrate Marian feasts or not?

Hypothesis: Protestants do not celebrate this, or any other Marian feasts.


Premise: In what form is uranium most often used as fuel for nuclear reactors?

Hypothesis: Uranium dioxide is the form in which uranium is most commonly used as a nuclear reactor fuel.


Premise: How many krais were present in the RSFSR?

Hypothesis: commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state in 1917–22, the largest, most populous, and most economically developed republic of the Soviet Union in 1922–91 and a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation in 1990–91.


Premise: Besides adults what segment of the southern US population was involved in the harvesting of cotton?

Hypothesis: Picking cotton was a source of income for families across the South.


Premise: When did the NCAA decide college teams could only play other college teams?

Hypothesis: They played travelling teams made up of former college players on teams such as Athletes in Action or a team sponsored by Marathon Oil.


Premise: Which ruler is responsible for Armenias prosperity?

Hypothesis: Armenia reached its height between 95 and 66 BC under Tigranes the Great, becoming the most powerful kingdom of its time east of the Roman Republic.


Premise: What percentage of shareholders voted to approve the 2014 buy-back?

Hypothesis: A statement from Shell read: "Royal Dutch Shell acknowledges the outcome of Woodside Petroleum Limited's shareholders' negative vote on the selective buy-back proposal.


Premise: What country fell providing with more information on Canada's army size?

Hypothesis: Originally, Canada was thought to have had the third-largest navy in the world, but with the fall of the Soviet Union, new data based on Japanese and Soviet sources found that to be incorrect.


Premise: What did Whitehead believe regarding creativity?

Hypothesis: Of course, most entities do not have consciousness.


Premise: who was a pioneer of the genre in america?

Hypothesis: Back in America the scene had still not progressed beyond a small number of clubs in Chicago, Detroit, Newark and New York City.


Premise: How does the nucleotide sequence of mRNA compare to DNA?

Hypothesis: Transcription produces a single-stranded RNA molecule known as messenger RNA, whose nucleotide sequence is complementary to the DNA from which it was transcribed.:6.1


Premise: In what year did the Norman Conquest take place?

Hypothesis: Following the Norman Conquest in 1066, Southampton became the major port of transit between the then capital of England, Winchester, and Normandy.


Premise: In what geographic portion of Kenya can Somali people be found?

Hypothesis: The Siad Barre regime actively promoted Pan-Somalism, which eventually led to the Ogaden War between Somalia on one side, and Ethiopia, Cuba and the Soviet Union on the other.


Premise: What ethnicity is growing the quickest in New York City?

Hypothesis: The city's population in 2010 was 44% white (33.3% non-Hispanic white), 25.5% black (23% non-Hispanic black), 0.7% Native American, and 12.7% Asian.


Premise: What terms describe different types of radiation?

Hypothesis: Prior to Einstein's paper, electromagnetic radiation such as visible light was considered to behave as a wave: hence the use of the terms "frequency" and "wavelength" to characterise different types of radiation.


Premise: Where did a cargo train derail as a result?

Hypothesis: Reporters in Chengdu said they saw cracks on walls of some residential buildings in the downtown areas, but no buildings collapsed.


Premise: Of what acts did the Members of the Order of the British Empire appoint?

Hypothesis: The grade was determined by the same criteria as usual, and not by the level of gallantry (and with more junior people instead receiving the British Empire Medal).


Premise: What mountain range is east of Tucson?

Hypothesis: Tucson is situated on an alluvial plain in the Sonoran desert, surrounded by five minor ranges of mountains: the Santa Catalina Mountains and the Tortolita Mountains to the north, the Santa Rita Mountains to the south, the Rincon Mountains to the east, and the Tucson Mountains to the west.


Premise: What is the second largest port in the UK?

Hypothesis: The Port of London is the second-largest in the United Kingdom, handling 45 million tonnes of cargo each year.


Premise: What new technologies in particular were courted by Moltke?

Hypothesis: The Prussian army was unique in Europe for having the only such organisation in existence, whose purpose in peacetime was to prepare the overall war strategy, and in wartime to direct operational movement and organise logistics and communications.


Premise: What carries the backbeat in hard rock drumming?

Hypothesis: Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music.


Premise: What is the UTF-8 standard?

Hypothesis: However RFC 3629, the UTF-8 standard, recommends that byte order marks be forbidden in protocols using UTF-8, but discusses the cases where this may not be possible.


Premise: Who played a key role Australian mandolin movement?

Hypothesis: Phil Skinner played a key role in 20th century development of the mandolin movement in Australia, and was awarded an MBE in 1979 for services to music and the community.


Premise: What decade of music inspired Kanye West after his tour with U2?

Hypothesis: Fresh off spending the previous year touring the world with U2 on their Vertigo Tour, West felt inspired to compose anthemic rap songs that could operate more efficiently in large arenas.


Premise: In what neighborhood is the monument to Bill Robinson located?

Hypothesis: Other monuments include the A.P. Hill monument, the Bill "Bojangles" Robinson monument in Jackson Ward, the Christopher Columbus monument near Byrd Park, and the Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument on Libby Hill.


Premise: What type of LED can possibly cause blindness?

Hypothesis: At present, only a few LEDs—extremely bright LEDs that also have a tightly focused viewing angle of 8° or less—could, in theory, cause temporary blindness, and so are classified as "Class 2".


Premise: Where are both Monte Rosa and Matterhorn located?

Hypothesis: Both are located within the Pennine Alps in the canton of Valais.


Premise: As what was the event mistaken by some pagans?

Hypothesis: Christian traveller and historian Sextus Julius Africanus and Christian theologian Origen refer to Greek historian Phlegon, who lived in the 2nd century AD, as having written "with regard to the eclipse in the time of Tiberius Caesar, in whose reign Jesus appears to have been crucified, and the great earthquakes which then took place"


Premise: Which year brought the end to silver being in dimes and quarters?

Hypothesis: Silver coins continued to be issued for circulation until 1964, when all silver was removed from dimes and quarters, and the half dollar was reduced to 40% silver.


Premise: Voiced stops are most often what?

Hypothesis: Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated.


Premise: What are examples of Youth radio stations?

Hypothesis: A long list of AM and FM radio stations broadcast to greater Melbourne.


Premise: How did Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn die?

Hypothesis: Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn (1556?–1623?), a Dutch colleague of Adams' on their ill-fated voyage to Japan in the ship De Liefde, was also given similar privileges by Tokugawa Ieyasu.


Premise: What team beat Arsenal to win the 2006 UEFA Champions League?

Hypothesis: Arsenal's tally of 13 League Championships is the third highest in English football, after Manchester United (20) and Liverpool (18), and they were the first club to reach 8 League Championships.


Premise: Who originally donated the land for Hospital Macie?

Hypothesis: The land was originally donated in Spanish colonial times by philanthropist Francisco Antonio Maciel, who teamed up with Mateo Vidal to establish a hospital and charity.


Premise: What economies led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis?

Hypothesis: The International Monetary Fund found that "advanced" economies accounted for only 31% of global GDP while emerging and developing economies accounted for 69% of global GDP from 2007 to 2014.


Premise: How many square kilometers is Guinea-Bissau?

Hypothesis: At 36,125 square kilometres (13,948 sq mi), the country is larger in size than Taiwan or Belgium.


Premise: How much power will be delivered to the reciever if the antenna has an effective area of 12 m/2?

Hypothesis: Since the receiving antenna is not equally sensitive to signals received from all directions, the effective area is a function of the direction to the source.


Premise: How much of the UK's troops are provided by the TA?

Hypothesis: The cuts would have meant a significant loss of personnel and would have had adverse effects on recruitment.


Premise: In what year was Nash removed as architect?

Hypothesis: While the work was in progress, in 1826, the King decided to modify the house into a palace with the help of his architect John Nash.


Premise: Who starred in 'Empire of the Sun'?

Hypothesis: In 1987, as China began opening to Western capital investment, Spielberg shot the first American film in Shanghai since the 1930s, an adaptation of J. G. Ballard's autobiographical novel Empire of the Sun, starring John Malkovich and a young Christian Bale.


Premise: Dogs often help clean in the kitchen by licking what?

Hypothesis: Increasingly, human family members are engaging in activities centered on the perceived needs and interests of the dog, or in which the dog is an integral partner, such as dog dancing and dog yoga.


Premise: Who would retainers in the employ of nobles occasionally have to fight?

Hypothesis: Unlike slaves, retainers could come and go from their master's home as they pleased.


Premise: By tradition, when a Sephardic or Mizrahi woman marries into an Orthodox or Haredi Ashkenazi Jewish family she raises her children to be which type of Jew?

Hypothesis: In this respect, the counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic, since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they are ethnically Sephardic.


Premise: What was the name of the conditional surrender that ended fighting on the western front?

Hypothesis: The German Navy and home front then revolted and a new German government signed a conditional surrender, the Armistice, ending the war against the western front on November 11, 1918.


Premise: What religion did the Sankhu monastery belong to?

Hypothesis: During the reign of the seventh Kirata ruler, Jitedasti, Buddhist monks entered Kathmandu valley and established a forest monastery at Sankhu.


Premise: What world did Pugin dislike?

Hypothesis: Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only "true Christian form of architecture."


Premise: What movie, which filmed in Richmond, featured Daniel Day-Lewis?

Hypothesis: Several organizations, including the Virginia Film Office and the Virginia Production Alliance, along with events like the Richmond International Film Festival and French Film Festival, continue to put draw supporters of film and media to the region.


Premise: What rules did a German derivatives dealer say could be quite legally circumvented through swaps?

Hypothesis: A German derivatives dealer had commented to Der Spiegel that "The Maastricht rules can be circumvented quite legally through swaps," and "In previous years, Italy used a similar trick to mask its true debt with the help of a different US bank.


Premise: When was vaccination used to prevent the spread of the foot-and-mouth virus?

Hypothesis: Another effective way to decrease the transmission rate of infectious diseases is to recognize the effects of small-world networks.


Premise: Name three Serbo-Croatian languages that have made a point of establishing their own unique linguistic identities.

Hypothesis: The languages have not undergone the deliberate highlighting of minor linguistic differences in the name of nationalism as has occurred in the Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian standards of Serbo-Croatian.


Premise: What percentage of biodiversity has the planet lost since 1970

Hypothesis: This is despite the fact that high-income countries use five times the ecological resources of low-income countries, which was explained as a result of process whereby wealthy nations are outsourcing resource depletion to poorer nations, which are suffering the greatest ecosystem losses.


Premise: Which mountains associated with the USA were formed near the equator on  Pangaea during the Devonian?

Hypothesis: Near the equator Pangaea began to consolidate from the plates containing North America and Europe, further raising the northern Appalachian Mountains and forming the Caledonian Mountains in Great Britain and Scandinavia.


Premise: What is the estimate of current Mali enslavement?

Hypothesis: There still persist certain hereditary servitude relationships, and according to some estimates, even today approximately 200,000 Malians are still enslaved.


Premise: What sort of dualist is Plato regarded as?

Hypothesis: Plato was therefore a metaphysical and epistemological dualist, an outlook that modern idealism has striven to avoid: Plato's thought cannot therefore be counted as idealist in the modern sense, although quantum physics' assertion that man's consciousness is an immutable and primary requisite for not merely perceiving but shaping matter, and thus his reality, would give more credence to Plato's dualist position.[citation needed]


Premise: Who performed a study that involved having peoples hands in cold water while also memorizing words?

Hypothesis: Those randomly assigned to the stress test group had a hand immersed in ice cold water (the reputable SECPT or ‘Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor Test’) for up to three minutes, while being monitored and videotaped.


Premise: Where does methane in the south pole escape to on Neptune?

Hypothesis: The temperature differential is enough to let methane, which elsewhere is frozen in the troposphere, escape into the stratosphere near the pole.


Premise: How many Georgians speak Russian actively?

Hypothesis: According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 130,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 1.7 million active speakers.


Premise: In Buddhism, samatha meditation can calm the what?

Hypothesis: When one is in jhana, all defilements are suppressed temporarily.


Premise: What type of attack was used on Inchon?

Hypothesis: MacArthur, in a bold but risky move, ordered an amphibious invasion well behind the front lines at Inchon, cutting off and routing the North Koreans and quickly crossing the 38th Parallel into North Korea.


Premise: Which article specifies the number of days available to the monarch to provide a signature on an assended bill?

Hypothesis: According to Article 91, within fifteen days of passage of a bill by the Cortes Generales, the sovereign shall give his or her assent and publish the new law.


Premise: What marina in Southampton may get a 15-story high hotel?

Hypothesis: There are also plans for a 15-storey hotel at the Ocean Village marina, and a 21-storey hotel on the north eastern corner of the city centre, as part of a £100m development.


Premise: How does White deal with his condition?

Hypothesis: White then commits suicide.


Premise: Who were taking slaves as concubines?

Hypothesis: These were prohibited from official relationships with whites.


Premise: What modern country contains regions in which Plantagenet kings controlled large domains?

Hypothesis: France, Denmark, Poland, Hungary, Portugal, Scotland, Castile, Aragon, Navarre, Sicily and Cyprus were independent kingdoms, as was the Angevin Empire, whose Plantagenet kings ruled England and large domains in what was to become modern France.


Premise: What is the literal translation of the word "schatzi"?

Hypothesis: Schatzi literally means "little treasure," colloquial for "honey" or "darling" in German.


Premise: When did Armenia establish a foreign investment law?

Hypothesis: Continued progress will depend on the ability of the government to strengthen its macroeconomic management, including increasing revenue collection, improving the investment climate, and making strides against corruption.


Premise: Where was Bethea hanged?

Hypothesis: Roscoe "Red" Jackson was hanged within a stockade in Galena, Missouri, on May 26, 1937.


Premise: What can be used in place of  a standard transmission line?

Hypothesis: In a so-called aperture antenna, such as a horn or parabolic dish, the "feed" may also refer to a basic antenna inside the entire system (normally at the focus of the parabolic dish or at the throat of a horn) which could be considered the one active element in that antenna system.


Premise: What transformed business organization in 1890?

Hypothesis: With the creation of a transportation and communication infrastructure, the corporation became the dominant form of business organization and a managerial revolution transformed business operations.


Premise: How many measures does Transparency International publish right now?

Hypothesis: The Corruption Perceptions Index is the best known of these metrics, though it has drawn much criticism and may be declining in influence.


Premise: How many World Heritage Sites can be found in London?

Hypothesis: London is home to numerous museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Tate Modern, British Library and 40 West End theatres.


Premise: In what city and state did the arena football test game take place?

Hypothesis: Interest was high enough following the initial test game that Foster decided to put on a second, "showcase", game.


Premise: In what areas are comb filters most likely to lose detail?

Hypothesis: Depending upon which format is used, this can result in far higher fidelity, particularly at strong color borders or regions of high detail (especially if there is moderate movement in the picture) and low-contrast details like skin tones, where comb filters almost inevitably smudge some detail.


Premise: How old was Victoria's Uncle, King Willaim on his death?

Hypothesis: On 20 June 1837, William IV died at the age of 71, and Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom.


Premise: How many suburbicarian sees?

Hypothesis: Velletri was united with Ostia from 1150 until 1914, when Pope Pius X separated them again, but decreed that whatever cardinal bishop became Dean of the College of Cardinals would keep the suburbicarian see he already held, adding to it that of Ostia, with the result that there continued to be only six cardinal bishops.


Premise: When were the oldest scenes in St. Mark's mosaics completed?

Hypothesis: One hundred and ten scenes of mosaics in the atrium of St Mark's were based directly on the miniatures of the Cotton Genesis, a Byzantine manuscript that was brought to Venice after the sack of Constantinople (1204).


Premise: What type of materials is Iran a leading manufacturer of in the Middle East?

Hypothesis: According to FAO, Iran has been a top five producer of the following agricultural products in the world in 2012: apricots, cherries, sour cherries, cucumbers and gherkins, dates, eggplants, figs, pistachios, quinces, walnuts, and watermelons.


Premise: What is the white meat of chicken actually used for by the animal ?

Hypothesis: White muscle, in contrast, is suitable only for short bursts of activity such as, for chickens, flying.


Premise: Mali is located in what Zone?

Hypothesis: During this time, flooding of the Niger River is common, creating the Inner Niger Delta.


Premise: Since which year has Tennessee's 1st congressional district voted overwhelmingly Republican?

Hypothesis: The 1st has been in Republican hands continuously since 1881, and Republicans (or their antecedents) have held it for all but four years since 1859.


Premise: What do non-cuticle annelids use to protect their skin?

Hypothesis: Some annelids also have oblique internal muscles that connect the underside of the body to each side.


Premise: What is another name for the football?

Hypothesis: Each team is led by a captain who has only one official responsibility as mandated by the Laws of the Game: to be involved in the coin toss prior to kick-off or penalty kicks.


Premise: What can cause paraplegia?

Hypothesis: Onset may be immediate or may not occur until years after the disabling injury.


Premise: What was the profession of James Anderson?

Hypothesis: In France, Voltaire said "we look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilization."


Premise: What is the acronym for British Broadcasting Corporation?

Hypothesis: BBC Television is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation.


Premise: What was tyrothricin used for during the war?

Hypothesis: It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating wounds and ulcers during World War II.


Premise: In what months does the monsoon occur in Nepal?

Hypothesis: For example, 2003 was the wettest year ever in Kathmandu, totalling over 2,900 mm (114 in) of precipitation due to an exceptionally strong monsoon season.


Premise: The Sustainable Development Goals are intended to change the world over what time period?

Hypothesis: These goals are designed to eliminate poverty, discrimination, abuse and preventable deaths, address environmental destruction, and usher in an era of development for all people, everywhere.


Premise: What else did Victoria do to try to return her former public image?

Hypothesis: Her uncle Leopold wrote to her advising her to appear in public.


Premise: What percent of Ukraine is fluent in Russian as of 2006?

Hypothesis: 65% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 38% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work.


Premise: What kind of words in Russian have been influenced by Church Slavonic?

Hypothesis: In some cases, both the East Slavic and the Church Slavonic forms are in use, with many different meanings.


Premise: Who was the first president of the ECB?

Hypothesis: The first President of the Bank was Wim Duisenberg, the former president of the Dutch central bank and the European Monetary Institute.


Premise: What were Apple support staff initially instructed not to assist with concerning malware?

Hypothesis: Worms, as well as potential vulnerabilities, were noted in February 2006, which led some industry analysts and anti-virus companies to issue warnings that Apple's Mac OS X is not immune to malware.


Premise: Do CFLs consume more, less, or the same amount of energy as incandescent bulbs?

Hypothesis: Objections to banning the use of incandescent light bulbs include the higher initial cost of alternatives and lower quality of light of fluorescent lamps.


Premise: Where did the Empress Dowager spend most of her time?

Hypothesis: From 1889, when Guangxu began to rule in his own right, to 1898, the Empress Dowager lived in semi-retirement, spending the majority of the year at the Summer Palace.


Premise: Where did Elihu Yale grow up?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, a Harvard graduate working in England convinced some 180 prominent intellectuals that they should donate books to Yale.


Premise: What are some examples of rudimentary organs that Darwin discusses in the chapter?

Hypothesis: He notes that animals of the same class often have extremely similar embryos.


Premise: What hardwood that starts with the letter "O" would have pores?

Hypothesis: In coniferous or softwood species the wood cells are mostly of one kind, tracheids, and as a result the material is much more uniform in structure than that of most hardwoods.


Premise: Who are enlightened people who vow to continue being reborn?

Hypothesis: Mahayana also differs from Theravada in its concept of śūnyatā (that ultimately nothing has existence), and in its belief in bodhisattvas (enlightened people who vow to continue being reborn until all beings can be enlightened).


Premise: What did the advancements during the revolution improve for people?

Hypothesis: The advancements made a great contribution to the quality of life.


Premise: What location does the National Defense operate out of?

Hypothesis: The governor general appoints, on the advice of the prime minister, the Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) as the highest ranking commissioned officer in the Armed Forces and who, as head of the Armed Forces Council, is in command of the Canadian Forces.


Premise: How many people live in the Tulsa metro area?

Hypothesis: Oklahoma City, the state's capital and largest city, had the largest metropolitan area in the state in 2010, with 1,252,987 people, and the metropolitan area of Tulsa had 937,478 residents.


Premise: Segments of the Farmington Canal is also part of which bicycle trail?

Hypothesis: The scenic trail follows the path of the historic New Haven and Northampton Company and the Farmington Canal.


Premise: What type of infantry joined light, and the cavalry in battle?

Hypothesis: There was an additional class of troops who followed the army without specific martial roles and were deployed to the rear of the third line.


Premise: Which type of pain is dull, aching and hard to pin-point?

Hypothesis: Deep somatic pain is initiated by stimulation of nociceptors in ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels, fasciae and muscles, and is dull, aching, poorly-localized pain.


Premise: What legal action did some disgruntled OtherOS users take against Sony?

Hypothesis: The removal caused some controversy; as the update removed officially advertised features from already sold products, and gave rise to several class action lawsuits aimed at making Sony return the feature or provide compensation.


Premise: What is the longest bridge over a continuous body of sea water in the world?

Hypothesis: The Hangzhou Bay Bridge between Haiyan County and Cixi, is the longest bridge over a continuous body of sea water in the world.


Premise: What process is required of each government's policies?

Hypothesis: Each government is required to define the broad outline of its policies in a programme, and present it to the Assembly for a mandatory period of debate.


Premise: What amount of energy must a capacitor contain in order to be generally considered dangerous?

Hypothesis: A capacitor may regain anywhere from 0.01 to 20% of its original charge over a period of several minutes, allowing a seemingly safe capacitor to become surprisingly dangerous.


Premise: Where was the Mau Mau Uprising?

Hypothesis: Kenyan independence was preceded by the eight-year Mau Mau Uprising.


Premise: Beside obesity, how else does the lack of a circadian clock effect   the mice?

Hypothesis: Mutations or deletions of clock gene in mice have demonstrated the importance of body clocks to ensure the proper timing of cellular/metabolic events; clock-mutant mice are hyperphagic and obese, and have altered glucose metabolism.


Premise: What is NYC's largest park?

Hypothesis: East of the Bronx River, the borough is relatively flat and includes four large low peninsulas, or 'necks,' of low-lying land which jut into the waters of the East River and were once saltmarsh:


Premise: What is the term for when dialects A and B are mutually intelligible, dialect B and C are mutually intelligible, but dialects A and C are not mutually intelligible?

Hypothesis: The most common, and most purely linguistic, criterion is that of mutual intelligibility: two varieties are said to be dialects of the same language if being a speaker of one variety confers sufficient knowledge to understand and be understood by a speaker of the other; otherwise, they are said to be different languages.


Premise: Mimicry is another type of what kid of strategy?

Hypothesis: Another defense that often uses color or shape to deceive potential enemies is mimicry.


Premise: What was notable about the discovered vitamin A?

Hypothesis: In 1919, Sir Edward Mellanby incorrectly identified rickets as a vitamin A deficiency because he could cure it in dogs with cod liver oil.


Premise: When did Bhaktapur receive coverage from the fire department?

Hypothesis: In 1944, the fire service was extended to the neighboring cities of Lalitpur and Bhaktapur.


Premise: Besides a referee interfering, when else is play stopped?

Hypothesis: Football is generally a free-flowing game, with play stopping only when the ball has left the field of play or when play is stopped by the referee for an infringement of the rules.


Premise: What writing mentions the Arian accusation that Athanasius was under aged?

Hypothesis: Secondly, the Festal Epistles state that the Arians had accused Athanasius, among other charges, of not having yet attained the canonical age (30) and thus could not have been properly ordained as Patriarch of Alexandria in 328.


Premise: When did El Nuevo Herald leave Miami?

Hypothesis: The papers left their longtime home in downtown Miami in 2013.


Premise: How are the terminals of high voltage capacitors stored?

Hypothesis: Capacitors may also have built-in discharge resistors to dissipate stored energy to a safe level within a few seconds after power is removed.


Premise: A torque motor at low voltage provides what?

Hypothesis: Driven from a higher voltage, (and so delivering a higher torque), the torque motors can also achieve fast-forward and rewind operation without requiring any additional mechanics such as gears or clutches.


Premise: What are the two sub-signals in each frequency band referred to as?

Hypothesis: In each frequency band two coherent sub-signals have been detected with a phase shift of 90 degrees (in quadrature).


Premise: In which four countries were the impacts of avant garde art particularly strong?

Hypothesis: The historical, theoretical, and socio-political relationships between avant-garde practices in painting, sculpture and architecture had early ramifications in France, Germany, the Netherlands and Czechoslovakia.


Premise: What locations did Pitt want from France?

Hypothesis: As prime minister Pitt committed Britain to a grand strategy of seizing the entire French Empire, especially its possessions in North America and India.


Premise: How much money do tourists spend in Miami every year?

Hypothesis: Annual events such as the Sony Ericsson Open, Art Basel, Winter Music Conference, South Beach Wine & Food Festival, and Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Miami attract millions to the metropolis every year.


Premise: Since Gay marriage became legal, how many days did people have to wait to marry?

Hypothesis: The New York metropolitan area is home to a self-identifying gay and bisexual community estimated at 568,903 individuals, the largest in the United States and one of the world's largest.


Premise: How many concentration camps were constructed in Hanover?

Hypothesis: During the war seven concentration camps were constructed in Hanover, in which many Jews were confined.


Premise: How much of the gross domestic product was spent on public health in 2004?

Hypothesis: Health expenditure was at US$30 per capita in 2004.


Premise: How much did JPMorgan estimate was the average recovery rate for mezzanine CDOs that had been liquidated?

Hypothesis: For example, the pricing model for CDOs clearly did not reflect the level of risk they introduced into the system.


Premise: What is name of the hanja?

Hypothesis: When learning how to write hanja, students are taught to memorize the native Korean pronunciation for the hanja's meaning and the Sino-Korean pronunciations (the pronunciation based on the Chinese pronunciation of the characters) for each hanja respectively so that students know what the syllable and meaning is for a particular hanja.


Premise: Which ancient Greek philosophers wrote essays on the concept of time?

Hypothesis: The Vedas, the earliest texts on Indian philosophy and Hindu philosophy dating back to the late 2nd millennium BC, describe ancient Hindu cosmology, in which the universe goes through repeated cycles of creation, destruction and rebirth, with each cycle lasting 4,320 million years.


Premise: What type of process is used to produce most paper used in paperback books?

Hypothesis: Book publishers tend to use acid-free paper, made from fully bleached chemical pulps for hardback and trade paperback books.


Premise: How many NCAA tournaments did the Notre Dame men's basketball team take part in?

Hypothesis: Although the team has never won the NCAA Tournament, they were named by the Helms Athletic Foundation as national champions twice.


Premise: In 2009, what was the transfer fee for Cristiano Ronaldo?

Hypothesis: The three highest transfer in the sport's history had a Premier League club on the selling end, with Tottenham Hotspur selling Gareth Bale to Real Madrid for £85 million in 2013, Manchester United's sale of Cristiano Ronaldo to Real Madrid for £80 million in 2009, and Liverpool selling Luis Suárez to Barcelona for £75 million in 2014.


Premise: Who led the Millennium celebration in Zarvanytsia?

Hypothesis: The militia tried to disperse attendees, but it turned out to be the largest gathering of Ukrainian Catholics since Stalin outlawed the Church in 1946.


Premise: How did older models convert to ASA scale?

Hypothesis: General Electric switched to use the ASA scale in 1946.


Premise: How many rooms does The Radisson Montevideo have?

Hypothesis: The Radisson Montevideo has 232 rooms and contains a casino and is served by the Restaurante Arcadia.


Premise: When was the Macintosh branded as Mac?

Hypothesis: MAK-in-tosh; branded as Mac since 1997) is a series of personal computers (PCs) designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc.


Premise: Who benefited from the demotion of Malenkov?

Hypothesis: On February 8, 1955, Malenkov was officially demoted to deputy Prime Minister.


Premise: What number sets are used to show how subgroups can be seen as translations of the larger group?

Hypothesis: In many situations it is desirable to consider two group elements the same if they differ by an element of a given subgroup.


Premise: When was McDermott elected to office?

Hypothesis: Federally, Seattle is part of Washington's 7th congressional district, represented by Democrat Jim McDermott, elected in 1988 and one of Congress's liberal members.


Premise: The name of the Act that was a failure in creating bourdaries for the Crown and the EIC for being subjective?

Hypothesis: Pitt's Act was deemed a failure because it quickly became apparent that the boundaries between government control and the company's powers were nebulous and highly subjective.


Premise: What did the Christian church become in the years after Valerian's death?

Hypothesis: The next forty years were peaceful; the Christian church grew stronger and its literature and theology gained a higher social and intellectual profile, due in part to its own search for political toleration and theological coherence.


Premise: What are some countries that have a separate supreme court to decide constitutional matters?

Hypothesis: Jurisdictions with a civil law system often have a hierarchy of administrative courts separate from the ordinary courts, headed by a supreme administrative court as it the case in the Netherlands.


Premise: What caused the most production disruption?

Hypothesis: They also noted regional production was severely disrupted when city centres were devastated through the loss of administrative offices, utilities and transport.


Premise: Besides the syllable what was downplayed as a result of SPE's influence on phonological theory?

Hypothesis: An important consequence of the influence SPE had on phonological theory was the downplaying of the syllable and the emphasis on segments.


Premise: Where did wealthy residents move?

Hypothesis: Revitalization began in the 1990s, with gentrification turning around many neighborhoods and reversing its decades-long trend of population loss.


Premise: What year was the last torch relay event in Malaysia?

Hypothesis: The last time an Olympic torch relay was held in Malaysia was the 1964 Tokyo edition.


Premise: What prevents air or gas leaks from a light bulb?

Hypothesis: Incandescent light bulbs consist of an air-tight glass enclosure (the envelope, or bulb) with a filament of tungsten wire inside the bulb, through which an electric current is passed.


Premise: Feynman was famous for diagrams that showed how subatomic particles behaved, what are these known as?

Hypothesis: Richard Phillips Feynman (/ˈfaɪnmən/; May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as in particle physics for which he proposed the parton model.


Premise: New Haven Harbor is located on the northern shore of what waterway?

Hypothesis: New Haven (local /nuː ˈheɪvən/, noo-HAY-vən), in the U.S. state of Connecticut, is the principal municipality in Greater New Haven, which had a total population of 862,477 in 2010.


Premise: What terms are often linked to people who illegally use or distribute content that is not their own?

Hypothesis: The terms piracy and theft are often associated with copyright infringement.


Premise: What is the process of removing feather parasites?

Hypothesis: This may be supplemented with the secretions of formic acid from ants, which birds receive through a behaviour known as anting, to remove feather parasites.


Premise: Up until 1994, royal assent was given by whom?

Hypothesis: Before 1994, royal assent was granted by Order in Council, as for a bill, but the power to grant royal assent to measures has now been delegated to the lieutenant governor.


Premise: Which areas were involved in the ANZUS Treaty?

Hypothesis: The Treaty declared that any attack on one of the three parties in the Pacific area would be viewed as a threat to each, and that the common danger would be met in accordance with each nation's constitutional processes.


Premise: What form of c, when written, contains a dot over the letter?

Hypothesis: The modern forms of Latin letters are used, including ⟨g⟩ in place of the insular G, ⟨s⟩ for long S, and others which may differ considerably from the insular script, notably ⟨e⟩, ⟨f⟩ and ⟨r⟩. Macrons are used to indicate long vowels, where usually no distinction was made between long and short vowels in the originals.


Premise: Where is he cup presentation made?

Hypothesis: Traditionally, at Wembley finals, the presentation is made at the Royal Box, with players, led by the captain, mounting a staircase to a gangway in front of the box and returning by a second staircase on the other side of the box.


Premise: What feature do most LED fixtures need to have?

Hypothesis: This means that a small change in voltage can cause a large change in current.


Premise: What concept did Ledoux address?

Hypothesis: Ledoux addressed the concept of architectural character, maintaining that a building should immediately communicate its function to the viewer: taken literally such ideas give rise to "architecture parlante".


Premise: What was the second step Bowers took in editing a single work with two versions?

Hypothesis: There were, however, intermediate cases that could reasonably have been attributed to either intention, and some of Bowers's choices came under fire – both as to his judgment, and as to the wisdom of conflating readings from the two different versions of Maggie.


Premise: Blacks were the majority in South Carolina until what year?

Hypothesis: The Democrat-dominated state legislature passed a new constitution in 1895 that disfranchised blacks, effectively excluding them entirely from the political process, a second-class status that was maintained for more than six decades in a state that was majority black until about 1930.


Premise: What law gave Somali husbands and wives equal rights over personal property?

Hypothesis: In 1975, the most prominent government reforms regarding family law in a Muslim country were set in motion in the Somali Democratic Republic, which put women and men, including husbands and wives, on complete equal footing.


Premise: Who did the Spanish take from Florida to Cuba

Hypothesis: In 1763, Spain traded Florida to the Kingdom of Great Britain for control of Havana, Cuba, which had been captured by the British during the Seven Years' War.


Premise: What had nearly been considered indiscriminate bombing?

Hypothesis: Although not encouraged by official policy, the use of mines and incendiaries, for tactical expediency, came close to indiscriminate bombing.


Premise: Is Southampton's crime rate higher or lower than the national average?

Hypothesis: According to government figures Southampton has a higher crime rate than the national average.


Premise: How many years did Ali Qushji spend in Istanbul?

Hypothesis: Another example is Ali Qushji -an astronomer, mathematician and physicist originally from Samarkand- who became a professor in two madrasas, and influenced Ottoman circles as a result of his writings and the activities of his students, even though he only spent two or three years before his death in Istanbul.


Premise: Where does Blofeld get arrested?

Hypothesis: Moving throughout the ruined labyrinth, he encounters a disfigured Blofeld, who tells him that he has three minutes to escape the building before explosives are detonated or die trying to save Swann.


Premise: What year was Raskin hired by Apple?

Hypothesis: Raskin was authorized to start hiring for the project in September 1979, and he immediately asked his long-time colleague, Brian Howard, to join him.


Premise: Who developed some of the fundamentals of European liberal thought?

Hypothesis: The English philosopher Thomas Hobbes ushered in this new debate with his work Leviathan in 1651.


Premise: How many times did Bohemian waxwings come to Britain between 1937 and 200?

Hypothesis: Sometimes circumstances such as a good breeding season followed by a food source failure the following year lead to irruptions in which large numbers of a species move far beyond the normal range.


Premise: Where did the US buy land from in the Gadsden Purchase?

Hypothesis: Arizona, south of the Gila River was legally bought from Mexico in the Gadsden Purchase on June 8, 1854.


Premise: Insects walking in an alternating triangle is called a what?

Hypothesis: Insects can communicate with each other in a variety of ways.


Premise: What has cultural anthropology distinguished itself from other social sciences by emphasizing?

Hypothesis: Since the work of Franz Boas and Bronisław Malinowski in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, social anthropology in Great Britain and cultural anthropology in the US have been distinguished from other social sciences by its emphasis on cross-cultural comparisons, long-term in-depth examination of context, and the importance it places on participant-observation or experiential immersion in the area of research.


Premise: In what year did the practice of donning this item stop?

Hypothesis: This custom was discontinued in 1969 and the investiture now takes place with the scarlet biretta.


Premise: What event caused Elizabeth's father to become King?

Hypothesis: Elizabeth was born in London to the Duke and Duchess of York, later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, and was the elder of their two daughters.


Premise: What is yeovilton home to

Hypothesis: The Royal Naval Air Station in Yeovilton, is one of Britain's two active Fleet Air Arm bases and is home to the Royal Navy's Lynx helicopters and the Royal Marines Commando Westland Sea Kings.


Premise: Overvaluation of bundled subprime mortgages was based on the theory that housing prices would continue to do this?

Hypothesis: The financial crisis was triggered by a complex interplay of policies that encouraged home ownership, providing easier access to loans for subprime borrowers, overvaluation of bundled subprime mortgages based on the theory that housing prices would continue to escalate, questionable trading practices on behalf of both buyers and sellers, compensation structures that prioritize short-term deal flow over long-term value creation, and a lack of adequate capital holdings from banks and insurance companies to back the financial commitments they were making.


Premise: Who aided the Yongle Emperor?

Hypothesis: In his usurpation of the throne from the Jianwen Emperor (r. 1398–1402), the Yongle Emperor was aided by the Buddhist monk Yao Guangxiao, and like his father, the Hongwu Emperor, the Yongle Emperor was "well-disposed towards Buddhism", claims Rossabi.


Premise: Who created Paris' reservoir system?

Hypothesis: This system is still a major part of Paris' modern water-supply network.


Premise: Where is Paris ranked in the EU by largest municipality?

Hypothesis: The Paris Metropolitan Area is the second most populous in the European Union after London with a population of 12,341,418 at the Jan. 2012 census.


Premise: The media was told that the Chinese supplied with shirts and transportation?

Hypothesis: In Bangkok, students told the media that the Chinese Embassy provided them with transportation and gave them shirts to wear.


Premise: What was Ignac Fulop Semmelweis' profession?

Hypothesis: In 1847, Hungarian physician Ignác Fülöp Semmelweis dramatically reduced the occurrency of puerperal fever by simply requiring physicians to wash their hands before attending to women in childbirth.


Premise: What device is used to transform infrared radiation into an electric current?

Hypothesis: It responds only to the rapidly pulsing signal created by the transmitter, and filters out slowly changing infrared radiation from ambient light.


Premise: Which plan defended the "No Re-election" principle?

Hypothesis: The Plan of Tuxtepec defended the "No Re-election" principle.


Premise: Who discovered that Karim had lied about his parentage to Victoria?

Hypothesis: Equerry Frederick Ponsonby (the son of Sir Henry) discovered that the Munshi had lied about his parentage, and reported to Lord Elgin, Viceroy of India, "the Munshi occupies very much the same position as John Brown used to do.


Premise: What is a type of case heard by the Supreme Administrative Court?

Hypothesis: If a lower court has to try a case which involves a question where there is no settled interpretation of the law, it can also refer the question to the relevant Supreme Court for an answer.


Premise: In what geographic portion of Kenya can Somali people be found?

Hypothesis: Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers.


Premise: During World War II what resistance movement did he lead?

Hypothesis: While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian, and concerns about the repression of political opponents have been raised, Tito was "seen by most as a benevolent dictator" due to his economic and diplomatic policies.


Premise: where did house music gain popularity in the middle east?

Hypothesis: Numerous live performance events dedicated to house music were founded during the course of the decade, including Shambhala Music Festival and major industry sponsored events like Miami's Winter Music Conference.


Premise: When was the Smart Bodies initiative first released?

Hypothesis: An example of a state initiative to promote nutrition literacy is Smart Bodies, a public-private partnership between the state’s largest university system and largest health insurer, Louisiana State Agricultural Center and Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana Foundation.


Premise: How many cantons are in Switzerland's federal directorial republic?

Hypothesis: While still named the "Swiss Confederation" for historical reasons, modern Switzerland is a federal directorial republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities, called Bundesstadt ("federal city").[note 3]


Premise: Which science is concerned with the study of the dynamics of ice?

Hypothesis: Glaciologists in Antarctica are concerned with the study of the history and dynamics of floating ice, seasonal snow, glaciers, and ice sheets.


Premise: In what year did the Korean war end?

Hypothesis: After repeated advances and retreats by both sides, and the PRC People's Volunteer Army's entry into the war, the Korean Armistice Agreement returned the peninsula to the status quo in 1953.


Premise: What synthetic product is produced by upgraders?

Hypothesis: In Alberta, five bitumen upgraders produce synthetic crude oil and a variety of other products: The Suncor Energy upgrader near Fort McMurray, Alberta produces synthetic crude oil plus diesel fuel; the Syncrude Canada, Canadian Natural Resources, and Nexen upgraders near Fort McMurray produce synthetic crude oil; and the Shell Scotford Upgrader near Edmonton produces synthetic crude oil plus an intermediate feedstock for the nearby Shell Oil Refinery.


Premise: Why did Microsoft change the tablet resolution minimum?

Hypothesis: In March 2013, Microsoft also amended its certification requirements to allow tablets to use the 1024×768 resolution as a minimum; this change is expected to allow the production of certified Windows 8 tablets in smaller form factors—a market which is currently dominated by Android-based tablets.


Premise: What event soured relations of US and Egypt in 2013?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, ties between the two countries have partially soured since the July 2013 military coup that deposed Islamist president Mohamed Morsi, with the Obama administration condemning Egypt's violent crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood and its supporters, and cancelling future military exercises involving the two countries.


Premise: Who was excluded from the censuses conducted by the Greeks?

Hypothesis: After the partition of the island in 1974, Greeks conducted four more censuses: in 1976, 1982, 1992 and 2001; these excluded the Turkish population which was resident in the northern part of the island.


Premise: Who was forced into confinement in mellahs?

Hypothesis: In modern times, it has become commonplace for standard antisemitic themes to be conflated with anti-Zionist publications and pronouncements of Islamic movements such as Hezbollah and Hamas, in the pronouncements of various agencies of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and even in the newspapers and other publications of Turkish Refah Partisi."


Premise: About how many private radio stations does the region of Puntland have?

Hypothesis: Additionally, the Somaliland region in the northwest has one government-operated radio station.


Premise: What can zinc cause damage to in the nose?

Hypothesis: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has stated that zinc damages nerve receptors in the nose, which can cause anosmia.


Premise: To whom did Philip's sisters marry?

Hypothesis: Marion Crawford wrote, "Some of the King's advisors did not think him good enough for her.


Premise: What is the meaning of impermanence in Buddhism?

Hypothesis: According to the doctrine of impermanence, life embodies this flux in the aging process, the cycle of rebirth (saṃsāra), and in any experience of loss.


Premise: In what decade could one find an "English looking" pub trend in Canada?

Hypothesis: In the 1800s the term used was "public house" as in England but "pub culture" did not spread to Canada.


Premise: As a grade school child he created an electronic device while his parents were away, what was it?

Hypothesis: When he was in grade school, he created a home burglar alarm system while his parents were out for the day running errands.


Premise: When did Prince Igor past away?

Hypothesis: By the end of his short life, Sviatoslav carved out for himself the largest state in Europe, eventually moving his capital from Kiev to Pereyaslavets on the Danube in 969.


Premise: Who has compulsory military service in Switzerland?

Hypothesis: Men usually receive military conscription orders for training at the age of 18.


Premise: Where are minimal quotations commonly used?

Hypothesis: Article 10 of the Berne Convention mandates that national laws provide for limitations to copyright, so that copyright protection does not extend to certain kinds of uses that fall under what the treaty calls "fair practice," including but not limited to minimal quotations used in journalism and education.


Premise: What designation was added to British dates to differentiate them from countries not using the new calendar?

Hypothesis: Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gregorian calendar, there is some confusion as to what these terms mean.


Premise: What brothers were instrumental in this Greek movement of neoclassicism?

Hypothesis: The revolution begun by Stuart was soon to be eclipsed by the work of the Adam Brothers, James Wyatt, Sir William Chambers, George Dance, James Gandon and provincially based architects such as John Carr and Thomas Harrison of Chester.


Premise: When did Queen + Adam Lambert perform at the iHeartRadio Music Festival?

Hypothesis: On 6 March 2014, the band announced on Good Morning America that Queen + Adam Lambert will tour North America in Summer 2014.


Premise: What is the highest temperature recorded in NYC?

Hypothesis: Extreme temperatures have ranged from −15 °F (−26 °C), recorded on February 9, 1934, up to 106 °F (41 °C) on July 9, 1936.


Premise: Who has Britain’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office been accused of lying to about child abuse?

Hypothesis: Britain’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) has been accused of lying to the United Nations about child abuse in St Helena to cover up allegations, including cases of a police officer having raped a four-year-old girl and of a police officer having mutilated a two-year-old.


Premise: Many people of which ethnicity moved to Malaysia, Singapore and the Caribbean?

Hypothesis: Millions left the British Isles, with the founding settler populations of the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand coming mainly from Britain and Ireland.


Premise: How many users were paid for in 2004?

Hypothesis: In 2004, the US Army paid US$4.5 million for a license of 500 users, while allegedly installing the software for more than 9000 users; the case was settled for US$50 million.


Premise: What did Frederic de Hoffmann think had happened when he found these notes?

Hypothesis: In Feynman's own words, "There wasn't anything to do there."


Premise: Who did Apple partner with to monitor its labor policies?

Hypothesis: Foxconn, Apple's manufacturer, initially denied the abuses, but when an auditing team from Apple found that workers had been working longer hours than were allowed under Chinese law, they promised to prevent workers working more hours than the code allowed.


Premise: What are some thrash metal bands?

Hypothesis: Some bands, such as Queen, moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock, while others, including Rush with Moving Pictures (1981), began to return to a hard rock sound.


Premise: What does a person have to have to be an octoroon?

Hypothesis: Some 19th-century categorization schemes defined people by proportion of African ancestry: a person whose parents were black and white was classified as mulatto, with one black grandparent and three white as quadroon, and with one black great-grandparent and the remainder white as octoroon.


Premise: Who coined the term phytochoria?

Hypothesis: Southern Europe's flora is that of the Mediterranean Region, one of the phytochoria recognized by Armen Takhtajan.


Premise: By 2011, how many people were affected by asthma?

Hypothesis: The reason for these differences is not well known.


Premise: Liberia's account deficit peaked at what percentage in 2008?

Hypothesis: In 2003, additional UN sanctions were placed on Liberian timber exports, which had risen from US$5 million in 1997 to over US$100 million in 2002 and were believed to be funding rebels in Sierra Leone.


Premise: In what year was the biggest public library in Hyderabad created?

Hypothesis: Hyderabad has continued with these traditions in its annual Hyderabad Literary Festival, held since 2010, showcasing the city's literary and cultural creativity.


Premise: What was a term that could describe the political philosophy of the Congo under Massamba-Debat?

Hypothesis: Under the 1963 constitution, Massamba-Débat was elected President for a five-year term.


Premise: What race was Clayton Lockett?

Hypothesis: In May 2014, Oklahoma Director of Corrections, Robert Patton, recommended an indefinite hold on executions in the state after the botched execution of African-American Clayton Lockett.


Premise: What notable political union of the 20th century covered most South Slavs?

Hypothesis: A notable political union of the 20th century that covered most South Slavs was Yugoslavia, but it ultimately broke apart in the 1990s along with the Soviet Union.


Premise: Which pope proclaimed the Immaculate Conception of Mary?

Hypothesis: Roman Catholics believe in the Immaculate Conception of Mary, as proclaimed Ex Cathedra by Pope Pius IX in 1854, namely that she was filled with grace from the very moment of her conception in her mother's womb and preserved from the stain of original sin.


Premise: What dynamic weather does Neptune have?

Hypothesis: The difference in flow direction is thought to be a "skin effect" and not due to any deeper atmospheric processes.


Premise: Poppers notion of verisimilitude leaves no place for which kind of probabilities in the evaluation of scientific hypotheses?

Hypothesis: And, in this way, one theory can be evaluated as more or less true than another on a quantitative basis which, Popper emphasises forcefully, has nothing to do with "subjective probabilities" or other merely "epistemic" considerations.


Premise: What year did Maria Wodzińska's mother tell Chopin that he likely would not marry her daughter?

Hypothesis: Is she really a woman?"


Premise: who sang the hit single "vogue"?

Hypothesis: The single is credited as helping to bring house music to the US mainstream.


Premise: Although "Superstorm Sandy" left minimal damage to any of the tourist areas it did cause what two other things to occur?

Hypothesis: "Superstorm Sandy" struck Atlantic City on October 29, 2012, causing flooding and power-outages but left minimal damage to any of the tourist areas including the Boardwalk and casino resorts, despite widespread belief that the city's boardwalk had been destroyed.


Premise: What is the short hand code for Mexico City's largest airport?

Hypothesis: Mexico City is served by Mexico City International Airport (IATA Airport Code: MEX).


Premise: What poet did Chopin use verses from for songs?

Hypothesis: In Paris, Chopin encountered artists and other distinguished figures, and found many opportunities to exercise his talents and achieve celebrity.


Premise: What US Chief of Staff of the US Air Force also resigned in June of 2008?

Hypothesis: The resignations were also the culmination of disputes between the Air Force leadership, populated primarily by non-nuclear background fighter pilots, versus Gates.


Premise: Which architect designed the Broadway Village shopping Center?

Hypothesis: Local retail business in Central Tucson is densely concentrated along Fourth Avenue and the Main Gate Square on University Boulevard near the UA campus.


Premise: How long does the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo last?

Hypothesis: Other annual events include the Houston Greek Festival, Art Car Parade, the Houston Auto Show, the Houston International Festival, and the Bayou City Art Festival, which is considered to be one of the top five art festivals in the United States.


Premise: Where did the 1948 Summer Olympics in London take place?

Hypothesis: London was the world's largest city from about 1831 to 1925.


Premise: What part of the airway does emphysema affect?

Hypothesis: In contrast to emphysema, asthma affects the bronchi, not the alveoli.


Premise: Where does it start in Canada?

Hypothesis: The range is mostly located in the United States but extends into southeastern Canada, forming a zone from 100 to 300 mi (160 to 480 km) wide, running from the island of Newfoundland 1,500 mi (2,400 km) southwestward to Central Alabama in the United States.[discuss]


Premise: Which colonists recorded more complete identities of the West Africans?

Hypothesis: However, when the first captives were brought to the Americas, they were often combined with other groups from West Africa, and individual ethnic affiliations were not generally acknowledged by English colonists.


Premise: In what year did an incident help introduce added time?

Hypothesis: This added time is called additional time in FIFA documents, but is most commonly referred to as stoppage time or injury time, while loss time can also be used as a synonym.


Premise: Who coined the term "genocide"?

Hypothesis: The word genocide was not in use before 1944.


Premise: Which British ministers disagreed with Burke's Reflections?

Hypothesis: Other Whigs such as the Duke of Portland and Earl Fitzwilliam privately agreed with Burke, but did not wish for a public breach with their Whig colleagues.


Premise: What liquid would you need from a patient to perform IGRAs?

Hypothesis: Interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs), on a blood sample, are recommended in those who are positive to the Mantoux test.


Premise: In which locations is the Institute of Development Management?

Hypothesis: SIMPA is a government owned management and development institute and IDM is a regional organisation in Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland that provides training, consultancy, and research in management.


Premise: What time period was Avenue X set in?

Hypothesis: The musical style of the show's score was primarily Doo-Wop as the plot revolved around Doo-Wop group singers of the 1960s.


Premise: Which way do Vampirovibrio absorb nutrients of other microorganisms?

Hypothesis: These predatory bacteria are thought to have evolved from saprophages that consumed dead microorganisms, through adaptations that allowed them to entrap and kill other organisms.


Premise: In modern Italy, what class of people are regional languages sometimes associated with?

Hypothesis: In the early 20th century, the vast conscription of Italian men from all throughout Italy during World War I is credited with facilitating the diffusion of standard Italian among less educated Italian men, as these men from various regions with various regional languages were forced to communicate with each other in a common tongue while serving in the Italian military.


Premise: What was the name of the doctrine that separated church and non-religious affairs?

Hypothesis: Martin Luther separated the religious and the worldly realms in principle (doctrine of the two kingdoms).


Premise: In which year did British librarians rank To Kill a Mockingbird ahead of the Bible?

Hypothesis: Author Mary McDonough Murphy, who collected individual impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird by several authors and public figures, calls the book, "an astonishing phenomenon".


Premise: What are earnings from crude oil in Rajasthan expected to be in 2013?

Hypothesis: This earning is expected to reach ₹250 million per day in 2013 (which is an increase of ₹100 million or more than 66 percent).


Premise: China has how much wind power installed?

Hypothesis: Some of the second-generation renewables, such as wind power, have high potential and have already realised relatively low production costs.


Premise: What was the first day of the 2015 AFL season?

Hypothesis: The Dallas Vigilantes were left off the schedule for the 2012 season with no announcement from the management, raising speculations that either the team had suspended operations for the season or was ceasing operations altogether.


Premise: What idea did Adam Smith disagree with?

Hypothesis: Smith criticized mercantilism, advocating a system of free trade with division of labour.


Premise: What is the scientific name for cell division?

Hypothesis: The amount and type of carbohydrates consumed, along with some types of amino acid, can influence processes involving insulin, glucagon, and other hormones; therefore, the ratio of omega-3 versus omega-6 has wide effects on general health, and specific effects on immune function and inflammation, and mitosis (i.e., cell division).


Premise: Where did the 1982 FIFA World Cup take place?

Hypothesis: Under Ron Greenwood, they managed to qualify for the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain (the first time competitively since 1962); despite not losing a game, they were eliminated in the second group stage.


Premise: Why is cycling popular in Tucson?

Hypothesis: Tucson was awarded a gold rating for bicycle-friendliness by the League of American Bicyclists in 2006.


Premise: What are all multcellular organisms colonized to some degree by?

Hypothesis: All multicellular organisms are colonized to some degree by extrinsic organisms, and the vast majority of these exist in either a mutualistic or commensal relationship with the host.


Premise: When was Take Me Out to a Cubs game released?

Hypothesis: An album entitled Take Me Out to a Cubs Game was released in 2008.


Premise: When did Kangxi die?

Hypothesis: In the later years of Kangxi's reign, Yongzheng and his brothers had fought, and there were rumours that he had usurped the throne(most of the rumours believe that Yongzheng's brother Yingzhen (Kangxi's 14th son) is the real successor of Kangxi Emperor, the reason why Yingzhen failed to sit on the throne is because Yongzheng and his confidant Keduo Long tampered the content of Kangxi's testament at the night when Kangxi passed away), a charge for which there is little evidence.


Premise: When did the Great Migration occur?

Hypothesis: By 1708, the majority of the colony's population was slaves, and the future state would continue to be a majority of African descent until after the Great Migration of the early 20th century.


Premise: Which singer did an ad for the LD-700 player in 1984?

Hypothesis: A 1984 Ray Charles ad for the LD-700 player bore the term "Pioneer LaserDisc brand videodisc player".


Premise: What was the primary base of the Royal navy during World War I?

Hypothesis: Although major units of the Royal Navy moved to the safety of Scapa Flow, Devonport was an important base for escort vessels and repairs.


Premise: How much sun does Palermo see each year?

Hypothesis: Snow is usually a rare occurrence, but it does occur occasionally if there is a cold front, as the Apennines are too distant to protect the island from cold winds blowing from the Balkans, and the mountains surrounding the city facilite the formation of snow accumulation in Palermo, especially at night.


Premise: What did engineers at CNES report in June 2007?

Hypothesis: Soon after in June 2007, engineers at CNES reported the spectrum and structure of the signals.


Premise: What are people in stigmatized jobs forced to create?

Hypothesis: People in these types of jobs are forced to find ways in order to create an identity they can live with.


Premise: In some world states who did the people turn to?

Hypothesis: The majority of countries set up relief programs, and most underwent some sort of political upheaval, pushing them to the left or right.


Premise: Which cant is often used by Irish Travellers?

Hypothesis: The Insular Celtic languages of the Goidelic sub-group (Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic) and the Brittonic sub-group (Cornish, Welsh and Breton, spoken in north-western France) are the only remaining Celtic languages—the last of their continental relations becoming extinct before the 7th century.


Premise: Where did Arthur Holly Compton work before returning to Washington University?

Hypothesis: Compton reestablished the Washington University football team, making the declaration that athletics were to be henceforth played on a "strictly amateur" basis with no athletic scholarships.


Premise: What food gathering behaviors are now seen as hobbies in modern Estonian culture?

Hypothesis: Hunting and fishing have also been very common, although currently hunting and fishing are enjoyed mostly as hobbies.


Premise: What 5 criteria did neorealist use to determine great powers?

Hypothesis: Early writings on the subject tended to judge states by the realist criterion, as expressed by the historian A. J. P. Taylor when he noted that "The test of a great power is the test of strength for war."


Premise: What is the primary race of the population of the Randolph neighborhood?

Hypothesis: South of the Downtown Expressway are Byrd Park, Maymont, Hollywood Cemetery, the predominantly black working class Randolph neighborhood, and white working class Oregon Hill.


Premise: What calendar do Punjab's farmers use?

Hypothesis: Its canal-irrigation system established by the British is the largest in the world.


Premise: Following the end of the second World War, what was a still a popular theme among films makers in Burma ?

Hypothesis: Many of the films produced in the early Cold War era had a strong propaganda element to them.


Premise: What is the name of the activist who promised peaceful protests?

Hypothesis: Among other activities, protesters organized an alternative march that went from the Obelisk to the city hall, featuring their own "Human Rights Torch."


Premise: In what year was the film Airport made?

Hypothesis: In the early 1970s, Universal teamed up with Paramount Pictures to form Cinema International Corporation, which distributed films by Paramount and Universal worldwide.


Premise: Who was one of the original MoU signers?

Hypothesis: Apple, one of the original MoU signers, makes micro-USB adapters available – as permitted in the Common EPS MoU – for its iPhones equipped with Apple's proprietary 30-pin dock connector or (later)


Premise: When was the Battle of White Horse?

Hypothesis: The principal battles of the stalemate include the Battle of Bloody Ridge (18 August–15 September 1951), the Battle of the Punchbowl (31 August-21 September 1951), the Battle of Heartbreak Ridge (13 September–15 October 1951), the Battle of Old Baldy (26 June–4 August 1952), the Battle of White Horse (6–15 October 1952), the Battle of Triangle Hill (14


Premise: Where did the reserve team for the main Hanover team used to play?

Hypothesis: Their home games were played in the traditional Eilenriedestadium till they moved to the HDI Arena due to DFL directives.


Premise: When was Valencia's founding?

Hypothesis: Valencia was founded as a Roman colony in 138 BC.


Premise: What are codons?

Hypothesis: The genetic code specifies the correspondence during protein translation between codons and amino acids.


Premise: What is Lie Saint-Jean called today?

Hypothesis: British Prime Minister William Pitt's focus on the colonies for the 1758 campaign paid off with the taking of Louisbourg after French reinforcements were blocked by British naval victory in the Battle of Cartagena and in the successful capture of Fort Duquesne and Fort Frontenac.


Premise: Where had the Japanese advanced to?

Hypothesis: During April, the Japanese attacks against Imphal failed, while fresh Allied formations drove the Japanese from the positions they had captured at Kohima.


Premise: Where is chattista performed?

Hypothesis: The traditional folk music of Cyprus has several common elements with Greek, Turkish, and Arabic music including Greco-Turkish dances such as the sousta, syrtos, zeibekikos, tatsia, and karsilamas as well as the Middle Eastern-inspired tsifteteli and arapies.


Premise: What do you have to have to gather for public prayer?

Hypothesis: Religious groups who do not have a physical structure are not allowed to gather publicly for prayer.


Premise: Where did the Detroit Drive play their home games?

Hypothesis: A primary team for some of the AFL's most highly regarded players, including George LaFrance and Gary and Alvin Rettig, as well as being a second career chance for quarterback Art Schlichter, the Drive regularly played before sold out crowds at Joe Louis Arena, and went to the ArenaBowl every year of their existence (1988–1993).


Premise: Which cardinal direction is signified by red in China?

Hypothesis: On the more negative side, obituaries are traditionally written in red ink, and to write someone's name in red signals either cutting them out of one's life, or that they have died.


Premise: Who was the most discussed singer in American Idols sixth season?

Hypothesis: However, on April 18, Sanjaya was voted off.


Premise: When did E.K. Gaylord's Oklahoma Publishing Compan buy WKY Radio?

Hypothesis: In 1928, WKY was purchased by E.K. Gaylord's Oklahoma Publishing Company and affiliated with the NBC Red Network; in 1949, WKY-TV (channel 4) went on the air and later became the first independently owned television station in the U.S. to broadcast in color.


Premise: Where is Millennium Stadium located?

Hypothesis: The rebuilding process meant that between 2001 and 2006 they were hosted at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff in Wales.


Premise: Convicted perpetrators Popovic and Beara were found guilty of genocide despite what evasive action?

Hypothesis: Three others have been found guilty of participating in genocides in Bosnia by German courts, one of whom Nikola Jorgić lost an appeal against his conviction in the European Court of Human Rights.


Premise: In modern day how much does New Haven depend on blue collar jobs?

Hypothesis: New Haven's economy originally was based in manufacturing, but the postwar period brought rapid industrial decline; the entire Northeast was affected, and medium-sized cities with large working-class populations, like New Haven, were hit particularly hard.


Premise: How did the new Iranian government handle the rebellions and uprisings following their rise to power?

Hypothesis: The immediate nationwide uprisings against the new government began by the 1979 Kurdish rebellion with the Khuzestan uprisings, along with the uprisings in Sistan and Baluchestan Province and other areas.


Premise: Who received the Nobel Prize in 1921 for his work on the photoelectric effect?

Hypothesis: The Nobel committee awarded the prize for his work on the photo-electric effect, rather than relativity, both because of a bias against purely theoretical physics not grounded in discovery or experiment, and dissent amongst its members as to the actual proof that relativity was real.


Premise: What is the most important mosaic piece built by Byzantine Christians?

Hypothesis: The largest and most detailed element of the topographic depiction is Jerusalem, at the center of the map.


Premise: Which streets are one-way eastbound?

Hypothesis: Most wider streets carry two-way traffic, as do a few of the narrow ones.


Premise: To whom was Georgics dedicated to?

Hypothesis: Ancient scholars, such as Servius, conjectured that the Aristaeus episode replaced, at the emperor's request, a long section in praise of Virgil's friend, the poet Gallus, who was disgraced by Augustus, and who committed suicide in 26 BC.


Premise: Does the brain become more or less efficient as a result of synaptic pruning?

Hypothesis: However, this does not mean that the brain loses functionality; rather, it becomes more efficient due to increased myelination (insulation of axons) and the reduction of unused pathways.


Premise: Which New York State Attorney General filed suit in US District Court to force GE to pay for the cleanup of chemicals dumped by their plant in Waterford, NY?

Hypothesis: In 1983, New York State Attorney General Robert Abrams filed suit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York to compel GE to pay for the cleanup of what was claimed to be more than 100,000 tons of chemicals dumped from their plant in Waterford, New York.


Premise: Who was recognized for treating the wounded while pioneering modern nursing?

Hypothesis: As the legend of the "Charge of the Light Brigade" demonstrates, the war quickly became an iconic symbol of logistical, medical and tactical failures and mismanagement.


Premise: What type of vaults were used in the Abbey of Saint-Étienne and Abbaye aux Dames?

Hypothesis: While barrel vaults and groin vaults are typical of Romanesque architecture, ribbed vaults were used in the naves of two Romanesque churches in Caen, Abbey of Saint-Étienne and Abbaye aux Dames in 1120.


Premise: What distance from the sidelines are hash marks painted on a CFL field?

Hypothesis: "Hash marks" are painted in white, parallel to the yardage lines, at 1 yard (0.9 m) intervals, 24 yards (21.9 m) from the sidelines.


Premise: Neo-Georgain style was common in Britain until the end of which decade?

Hypothesis: Versions of the Neo-Georgian style were commonly used in Britain for certain types of urban architecture until the late 1950s, Bradshaw Gass & Hope's Police Headquarters in Salford of 1958 being a good example.


Premise: What occupation did Hayek's grandfather's have?

Hypothesis: Both of his grandfathers, who lived long enough for Friedrich to know them, were scholars.


Premise: For what purpose was Funafuti used during the Pacific War?

Hypothesis: The Japanese had already occupied Tarawa and other islands in what is now Kiribati, but were delayed by the losses at the Battle of the Coral Sea.


Premise: Who was The Times' Chief Editor in 1914?

Hypothesis: In editorials published on 29 and 31 July 1914, Wickham Steed, the Times's Chief Editor, argued that the British Empire should enter World War I.


Premise: How many civilians were killed in Lagos in Aug 2000-May 2001?

Hypothesis: On lower levels of society, there are the "area boys", organised gangs mostly active in Lagos who specialise in mugging and small-scale drug dealing.


Premise: What East Asian philosophy emphasized unwavering rule following?

Hypothesis: East Asian cultures are influenced by two schools of thought, Confucianism, which advocated good governance as rule by leaders who are benevolent and virtuous, and Legalism, which advocated strict adherence to law.


Premise: Who had no doubts that a Franco-German war was totally necessary?

Hypothesis: In Prussia, some officials considered a war against France both inevitable and necessary to arouse German nationalism in those states that would allow the unification of a great German empire.


Premise: To what does the term "Sack of Palermo" refer?

Hypothesis: The term is used to indicate the speculative building practices that have filled the city with poor buildings.


Premise: Who is the Chief Executive Officer of the China American Football League?

Hypothesis: This is the first time professional football of any kind will be played in China with the support of the Chinese government and the CRFA (Chinese Rugby Football Association).


Premise: When can patents not be filed in most countries?

Hypothesis: As a result, patents required to implement MP3 expired in most countries by December 2012, 21 years after the publication of ISO CD 11172.


Premise: Did rising efficiency in production and communication lower or raise the prices of consumer goods?

Hypothesis: The context for the rise of the public sphere was the economic and social change commonly associated with the Industrial Revolution: "economic expansion, increasing urbanization, rising population and improving communications in comparison to the stagnation of the previous century".


Premise: What would the loss of the SCN cells cause in the sleep-wake rhythm?

Hypothesis: Destruction of the SCN results in the complete absence of a regular sleep–wake rhythm.


Premise: What is an engram trace?

Hypothesis: The term of internal representation implies that such definition of memory contains two components: the expression of memory at the behavioral or conscious level, and the underpinning physical neural changes (Dudai 2007).


Premise: UCS chargers will also include what?

Hypothesis: The GSM Association (GSMA) followed suit on 17 February 2009, and on 22 April 2009, this was further endorsed by the CTIA –


Premise: When is it thought that early speakers of Sanskrit came to India?

Hypothesis: In order to explain the common features shared by Sanskrit and other Indo-European languages, many scholars have proposed the Indo-Aryan migration theory, asserting that the original speakers of what became Sanskrit arrived in what is now India and Pakistan from the north-west some time during the early second millennium BCE.


Premise: At what point does the coastal plin transition to the Piedmont region?

Hypothesis: The Piedmont region of central North Carolina is the state's most urbanized and densely populated section.


Premise: For how many years is a Swazi student in junior secondary school?

Hypothesis: The secondary and high school education system in Swaziland is a five-year programme divided into three years junior secondary and two years senior secondary.


Premise: What year was the Spanish governor expelled?

Hypothesis: The Spanish governor was expelled in 1814.


Premise: Which Australian series has CBC taken interest in?

Hypothesis: Beginning in 2005, the CBC has contributed production funds for the BBC Wales revival of Doctor Who, for which it received a special credit at the end of each episode.


Premise: Led Zeppelin's first two albums both came out in what year?

Hypothesis: Led Zeppelin (1969) and Led Zeppelin II (1969), and Deep Purple, who began as a progressive rock group but achieved their commercial breakthrough with their fourth and distinctively heavier album, In Rock (1970).


Premise: What is hottest temperature recorded with Charleston's city limits?

Hypothesis: The highest temperature recorded within city limits was 104 °F (40 °C), on June 2, 1985, and June 24, 1944, and the lowest was 7 °F (−14 °C) on February 14, 1899, although at the airport, where official records are kept, the historical range is 105 °F (41 °C) on August 1, 1999 down to 6 °F (−14 °C) on January 21, 1985.


Premise: What an is an example of a green mineral?

Hypothesis: Several minerals have a green color, including the emerald, which is colored green by its chromium content.


Premise: Besides busses, what kinds of public transportation are offered in Cork?

Hypothesis: Suburban services also include shuttles to Cork Airport, and a park and ride facility in the south suburbs only.


Premise: Huge much light does a 13 W compact fluorescent lamp produce equivalent to a incandescent light bulb.

Hypothesis: For example, a 60 W incandescent light bulb produces about the same amount of light as a 13 W compact fluorescent lamp.


Premise: What near extinct bird of Norfolk Island has shown signs of population increase?

Hypothesis: The providence petrel was hunted to local extinction by the beginning of the 19th century, but has shown signs of returning to breed on Phillip Island.


Premise: When was Aavik's dictionary published?

Hypothesis: Many of the coinages that have been considered (often by Aavik himself) as words concocted ex nihilo could well have been influenced by foreign lexical items, for example words from Russian, German, French, Finnish, English and Swedish.


Premise: Why was the winter driven out?

Hypothesis: The winter would be driven out, to make sure that fertility could return in spring.


Premise: Which party does Barbara Sommer belong to?

Hypothesis: Barbara Sommer (Christian Democratic Union), Education Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia, commented that: Looking at the performance gap between comprehensives and the Gymnasium [at the Abitur central examination]


Premise: On what date was the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR passed?

Hypothesis: Later treaty was included in the 1924 Soviet Constitution,[clarification needed] adopted on January 31, 1924 by the Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR.


Premise: Where are more moist areas found in southern Europe?

Hypothesis: Cooler climates can be found in certain parts of Southern European countries, for example within the mountain ranges of Spain and Italy.


Premise: Aviation strategists disputed over what?

Hypothesis: Aviation strategists dispute that morale was ever a major consideration for Bomber Command.


Premise: What is a feature many stereos contain to fight back against unwanted noises?

Hypothesis: If played back on a mono subwoofer system, the noise will cancel, significantly reducing the amount of rumble that is reproduced.


Premise: Who wrote An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations?

Hypothesis: Marxian economics is based on the labor theory of value and assumes the value of good to be based on the amount of labor required to produce it.


Premise: What part of the original model PS3s starting causing problems in March of 2010?

Hypothesis: However, the root cause of the problem was unrelated to the PlayStation Network, since even users who had never been online also had problems playing installed offline games (which queried the system timer as part of startup) and using system themes.


Premise: About when did architecture begin specializing?

Hypothesis: Since the 1980s, as the complexity of buildings began to increase (in terms of structural systems, services, energy and technologies), the field of architecture became multi-disciplinary with specializations for each project type, technological expertise or project delivery methods.


Premise: Who standardized Castillan and made it the government's official language?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, in his Kingdom of Galicia the Galician language was the only language spoken, and the most used in government and legal uses, as well as in literature.


Premise: What caused the sea to rise during the Jurassic?

Hypothesis: Sea levels began to rise during the Jurassic, which was probably caused by an increase in seafloor spreading.


Premise: How many kilometers was the torch supposed to go through Taiwan?

Hypothesis: The Beijing Organizing Committee attempted to continue negotiation, but further disputes arose over the flag or the anthem of the Republic of China along the 24 km torch route in Taiwan.


Premise: How did the British army escape

Hypothesis: A rear-guard of 1,400 under General Dury held off the French while the rest of the army embarked.


Premise: Who were the first to use the term "post-punk"?

Hypothesis: These artists instead defined punk as "an imperative to constant change", believing that "radical content demands radical form".


Premise: New Brunswick was split off from which province?

Hypothesis: The 14,000 Loyalists who went to the Saint John and Saint Croix river valleys, then part of Nova Scotia, felt too far removed from the provincial government in Halifax, so London split off New Brunswick as a separate colony in 1784.


Premise: What were transliterated and added to the Chinese language?

Hypothesis: Many terms were transliterated directly and added to the Chinese vocabulary.


Premise: What kind of elephant did the Ptolemies use?

Hypothesis: The Ptolemies used the smaller African elephant.


Premise: Hoe does she describe Oprah Winfrey?

Hypothesis: In February 2013, Beyoncé said that Madonna inspired her to take control of her own career.


Premise: When was the 1980 zoning code revamped?

Hypothesis: Much of the city's 1980 zoning code was overhauled from 2007–2012 as part of a joint effort between former mayors John F. Street and Michael Nutter.


Premise: What is Santa Monica named after?

Hypothesis: The city is named after the Christian saint, Monica.


Premise: Who created Minecraft?

Hypothesis: Several notable video game developers criticized Microsoft for making its Windows Store a closed platform subject to its own regulations, as it conflicted with their view of the PC as an open platform.


Premise: What was Premier Wen Jiabao's background in?

Hypothesis: General Secretary and President Hu Jintao announced that the disaster response would be rapid.


Premise: When did The Glasgow Looking Glass begin?

Hypothesis: Illustrated humour periodicals were popular in 19th-century Britain, the earliest of which was the short-lived The Glasgow Looking Glass in 1825.


Premise: What types of media increases as internet connectivity and access increases?

Hypothesis: Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector.