Premise: What did pilots have to do to avoid the barrage balloons?

Hypothesis: Firstly, it and the steel cable were a danger to any aircraft that tried to fly among them.


Premise: The Galician coast is estimated to have about how many archipelagos, islets, and freestanding rocks?

Hypothesis: Together with Cortegada Island, these make up the Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park.


Premise: Where do they grow tomatoes in Thuringia?

Hypothesis: Important products are apples, strawberries, cherries and plums in the fruit sector, cabbage, potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes (grown in greenhouses), onions, cucumbers and asparagus in the vegetable sector, as well as maize, rapeseed, wheat, barley and sugar beets in the crop sector.


Premise: What is a video-conference also known as?

Hypothesis: This is often accomplished by the use of a multipoint control unit (a centralized distribution and call management system) or by a similar non-centralized multipoint capability embedded in each videoconferencing unit.


Premise: What event caused people to misname Antarctica?

Hypothesis: Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular, has been credited with popularizing the transfer of the name Terra Australis to Australia.


Premise: In what language did Sebastian Cabot write his map from 1545?

Hypothesis: Sebastian Cabot declares in a handwritten Latin text in his original 1545 map, that the St. John's earned its name when he and his father, the Venetian explorer John Cabot became the first Europeans to sail into the harbour, in the morning of 24 June 1494 (against British and French historians stating 1497), the feast day of Saint John the Baptist.


Premise: How many subjects were judged to be the best in terms of internationally recognised research quality?

Hypothesis: The 2008 Research Assessment Exercise also showed five subjects – Pure Mathematics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, and Mechanical, Aeronautical and Manufacturing Engineering – were assessed to be the best[clarification needed] in terms of the proportion of internationally recognised research quality.


Premise: Who commanded the defense of an area?

Hypothesis: The king or other highest administrative official elder directed the defense of the local area.


Premise: Along with New Yorkese, what is another name for the New York dialect?

Hypothesis: However, the influx of non-European immigrants in recent decades has led to changes in this distinctive dialect, and the traditional form of this speech pattern is no longer as prevalent among general New Yorkers as in the past.


Premise: Who was the head of the school for its first few months?

Hypothesis: Warren Dusenberry served as interim principal of the school for several months until April 1876 when Brigham Young's choice for principal arrived—a German immigrant named Karl Maeser.


Premise: What company office did Bell make the original cross country phone call from?

Hypothesis: In January 1915, Bell made the first ceremonial transcontinental telephone call.


Premise: What does data security avoid?

Hypothesis: For example, an employee database can contain all the data about an individual employee, but one group of users may be authorized to view only payroll data, while others are allowed access to only work history and medical data.


Premise: In what year did Paul VI die?

Hypothesis: This became the last of Paul VI's consistories before his death in August 1978.


Premise: Where is the Raleigh Memorial Auditorium?

Hypothesis: The Duke Energy Center for the Performing Arts complex houses the Raleigh Memorial Auditorium, the Fletcher Opera Theater, the Kennedy Theatre, and the Meymandi Concert Hall.


Premise: What popular RnB singer hails from Southampton?

Hypothesis: James Zabiela, a highly regarded and recognised name in dance music, is also from Southampton.


Premise: Korolev died on what date?

Hypothesis: Voskhod 2 would end up being Korolev's final achievement before his death on January 14, 1966, as it would become the last of the many space firsts that demonstrated the USSR's domination in spacecraft technology during the early 1960s.


Premise: What church was taken from the Lutherans and returned to the Catholics?

Hypothesis: Strasbourg Cathedral, however, was taken from the Lutherans to be returned to the Catholics as the French authorities tried to promote Catholicism wherever they could (some other historic churches remained in Protestant hands).


Premise: What are the two stable isotopes of cooper?

Hypothesis: The other isotopes are radioactive, with the most stable being 67Cu with a half-life of 61.83 hours.


Premise: What website hosted auditions for American Idols tenth season?

Hypothesis: Karen Rodriguez was one such auditioner and reached the final rounds.


Premise: What element in Spanish is more prominent than in Catalan?

Hypothesis: The same happens with Arabic loanwords.


Premise: Minuscule is a term uses to describe which case of letter?

Hypothesis: In orthography and typography, letter case (or just case) is the distinction between the letters that are in larger upper case (also capital letters, capitals, caps, large letters, or more formally majuscule, see Terminology) and smaller lower case (also small letters, or more formally minuscule, see Terminology) in the written representation of certain languages.


Premise: Name the 3 public radio stations?

Hypothesis: Philadelphia is served by three major non-commercial public radio stations, WHYY-FM (NPR), WRTI (jazz, classical), and WXPN-FM (adult alternative music), as well as several smaller stations.


Premise: How many years did the Liberals stay in office after the 1949 election?

Hypothesis: Australia experienced prolonged economic growth during the post-war boom period of the Menzies Government (1949–1966) and Menzies fulfilled his promises at the 1949 election to end rationing of butter, tea and petrol and provided a five-shilling endowment for first-born children, as well as for others.


Premise: During what season did Juan Rodriguez first come to New York?

Hypothesis: The first non-Native American inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City was Dominican trader Juan Rodriguez (transliterated to Dutch as Jan Rodrigues).


Premise: What is any sign which is capable of distinguishing one business's product from another business's?

Hypothesis: In the context of trademarks, this expansion has been driven by international efforts to harmonise the definition of "trademark", as exemplified by the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights ratified in 1994, which formalized regulations for IP rights that had been handled by common law, or not at all, in member states.


Premise: What phrase is used to announce a withheld assent?

Hypothesis: For personal bills, the phrase is "Soit fait comme il est désiré" ("let it be as it is desired").


Premise: How many wires did Bell send a signal through?

Hypothesis: The basic concept behind his device was that messages could be sent through a single wire if each message was transmitted at a different pitch, but work on both the transmitter and receiver was needed.


Premise: Which school is Charleston's diocesan high school?

Hypothesis: Bishop England, Porter-Gaud School, and Ashley Hall are the city's oldest and most prominent private schools, and are a significant part of Charleston history, dating back some 150 years.


Premise: What was the alternative to creating an Arab political federation?

Hypothesis: After Nasser died in November 1970, his successor, Anwar Sadat, suggested that rather than a unified state, they create a political federation, implemented in April 1971; in doing so, Egypt, Syria and Sudan got large grants of Libyan oil money.


Premise: What was Neptune mistaken for at first?

Hypothesis: On both occasions, Galileo seems to have mistaken Neptune for a fixed star when it appeared close—in conjunction—to Jupiter in the night sky; hence, he is not credited with Neptune's discovery.


Premise: The history of Jews in Greece goes back to which era?

Hypothesis: The history of Jews in Greece goes back to at least the Archaic Era of Greece, when the classical culture of Greece was undergoing a process of formalization after the Greek Dark Age.


Premise: What nationality was George Berkeley?

Hypothesis: In his text Alciphron, Berkeley maintained that any order humans may see in nature is the language or handwriting of God.


Premise: What was the earthquake named?

Hypothesis: China Standard Time at epicenter (06:28:01 UTC) on May 12 in Sichuan province, killed 69,197 people and left 18,222 missing.


Premise: What was undertaken in 2010 to determine where dogs originated from?

Hypothesis: Although initially thought to have originated as a manmade variant of an extant canid species (variously supposed as being the dhole, golden jackal, or gray wolf), extensive genetic studies undertaken during the 2010s indicate that dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia 40,000 years ago.


Premise: What is the life expectancy in Liberia?

Hypothesis: Life expectancy in Liberia is estimated to be 57.4 years in 2012.


Premise: How much healthy fat in in the average serving of poultry?

Hypothesis: This is accompanied by low levels of fat which have a favourable mix of fatty acids.


Premise: How far upstream to water taxis run along the Yarra River?

Hypothesis: Ferries and water taxis run from berths along the Yarra River as far upstream as South Yarra and across Port Phillip Bay.


Premise: The complete historical file of the digitized paper of The Times is online and published by what publisher?

Hypothesis: It has been heavily used by scholars and researchers because of its widespread availability in libraries and its detailed index.


Premise: Where did the rebel barons congregate?

Hypothesis: Letters of support from the pope arrived in April but by then the rebel barons had organised.


Premise: What nation does the Marshall Islands vote similarly to in the General Assembly?

Hypothesis: In international politics within the United Nations, the Marshall Islands has often voted consistently with the United States with respect to General Assembly resolutions.


Premise: How many foreign born Houstonites are from Asia?

Hypothesis: Additionally, more than one in five foreign-born residents are from Asia.


Premise: Which contestant came in second on season 12 of American Idol?

Hypothesis: 23-year-old Candice Glover won the season with Kree Harrison taking the runner-up spot.


Premise: In what year was the Greater London Council formed?

Hypothesis: In 1965 London's political boundaries were expanded to take into account the growth of the urban area and a new Greater London Council was created.


Premise: What area does the five points of Calvinism focus on?

Hypothesis: Perhaps the best known summary is contained in the five points of Calvinism, though these points identify the Calvinist view on soteriology rather than summarizing the system as a whole.


Premise: Zeus was married to which goddess?

Hypothesis: The principal gods of the ancient Greek religion were the Dodekatheon, or the Twelve Gods, who lived on the top of Mount Olympus.


Premise: In what year were the first streetcars used in Seattle?

Hypothesis: Rails on city streets were paved over or removed, and the opening of the Seattle trolleybus system brought the end of streetcars in Seattle in 1941.


Premise: What's the common language that around 20% of Suriname's people speak?

Hypothesis: In Suriname today, Dutch is the sole official language, and over 60 percent of the population speaks it as a mother tongue.


Premise: How do the cells of Lophotrochozoa eggs arrange themselves?

Hypothesis: When their cells divide after the 4-cell stage, descendants of these 4 cells form a spiral pattern.


Premise: What color other than green was used on the backside of the original note?

Hypothesis: It is still used to refer to the U.S. dollar (but not to the dollars of other countries).


Premise: What is a dog's responses to stimuli known as?

Hypothesis: As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to our behaviors.


Premise: What group manages the Frankfurt Airport?

Hypothesis: Germany's Frankfurt Airport is managed by the quasi-private firm Fraport.


Premise: What is the Irish term for prime minister?

Hypothesis: In many cases, though commonly used, "prime minister" is not the official title of the office-holder; the Spanish prime minister is the President of the Government (Presidente del Gobierno).


Premise: How many people witnessed Timothy McVeigh's execution?

Hypothesis: Two Kentucky hangings were conducted after Galena in which numerous persons were present within a wooden stockade, that of John "Peter" Montjoy in Covington, Kentucky on December 17, 1937, and that of Harold Van Venison in Covington on June 3, 1938.


Premise: What was the final score of England's worst ever defeat?

Hypothesis: This still stands as England's worst ever defeat.


Premise: Who might participate in a love triangle story?

Hypothesis: In some cases a wrestler may possess admirable physical traits but perceived mediocre public speaking abilities (such as Brock Lesnar), or their gimmick may be that of a "wild savage" needing a handler (such as Kamala).


Premise: What do the Tibetans call traditional idealistic paintings?

Hypothesis: Kathmandu is a center for art in Nepal, displaying the work of contemporary artists in the country and also collections of historical artists.


Premise: How many regional MPs have argued for the importance of Plymouth's train service?

Hypothesis: First Great Western have come under fire recently, due to widespread rail service cuts across the south-west, which affect Plymouth greatly.


Premise: Who did the Spanish want to take José Manuel González-Páramo's seat on the board?

Hypothesis: The Spanish had nominated Barcelona-born Antonio Sáinz de Vicuña, an ECB veteran who heads its legal department, as González-Páramo's replacement as early as January 2012 but alternatives from Luxembourg, Finland, and Slovenia were put forward and no decision made by May.


Premise: During what war was the island used as a Royal Navy station?

Hypothesis: The first Administrator, Surgeon Lieutenant Commander E.J.S. Woolley, was appointed by the British government during this time.


Premise: What term is it customary to use instead of subspecies?

Hypothesis: However, it is customary to use the term race rather than subspecies for the major subdivisions of the human species as well as for minor ones.


Premise: What did Chopin compalin about?

Hypothesis: " Chopin was also able to undertake work on his Ballade No. 2, Op.


Premise: Who composed the first printed constitutions for Freemasons?

Hypothesis: As Freemasonry spread, continental masons began to include their ladies in Lodges of Adoption, which worked three degrees with the same names as the men's but different content.


Premise: What does Link obtain that gives him control over his transformations?

Hypothesis: The Sages there explain that Zant tried to destroy it, but he was only able to shatter it into fragments; only the true ruler of the Twili can completely destroy the Mirror of Twilight.


Premise: After his marriage, Napoleon left Paris to lead what army?

Hypothesis: Two days after the marriage, Bonaparte left Paris to take command of the Army of Italy.


Premise: What type of mission was the birthplace of the modern Pentecostal movement?

Hypothesis: A noteworthy development in 20th-century Protestant Christianity was the rise of the modern Pentecostal movement.


Premise: When were the plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s revealed?

Hypothesis: The group ended up creating a new USB version, USB 3.1, which was released on 31 July 2013, introducing a faster transfer mode called SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbit/s, putting it on par with a single first-generation Thunderbolt channel.


Premise: How many marks did the church lose?

Hypothesis: Although theoretically a significant blow to John's legitimacy, this did not appear to greatly worry the king.


Premise: Why were new plants arriving in Europe in the 18th century?

Hypothesis: During the 18th century, systems of plant identification were developed comparable to dichotomous keys, where unidentified plants are placed into taxonomic groups (e.g. family, genus and species) by making a series of choices between pairs of characters.


Premise: In 1920, how many acres were purchased for $8 million for a new central Chicago campus?

Hypothesis: In connection with a 1917 master plan for a central Chicago campus and President Walter Dill Scott's capital campaign, 8.5 acres (3.44 ha) of land were purchased at the corner of Chicago Avenue and Lake Shore Drive for $1.5 million in 1920.


Premise: Who invaded Armenia in the 11th century?

Hypothesis: This period was ended by the Seljuk invasion.


Premise: What were the most distinctive style of music in the Ottoman provinces?

Hypothesis: Because of a geographic and cultural divide between the capital and other areas, two broadly distinct styles of music arose in the Ottoman Empire: Ottoman classical music, and folk music.


Premise: Kathmandu resulted from the merger of what two settlements?

Hypothesis: Eventually, the Licchavi ruler Gunakamadeva merged Koligram and Dakshin Koligram, founding the city of Kathmandu.


Premise: What do greenhouses do with solar energy?

Hypothesis: Greenhouses convert solar light to heat, enabling year-round production and the growth (in enclosed environments) of specialty crops and other plants not naturally suited to the local climate.


Premise: What does Firefox's version for Windows 8 do?

Hypothesis: Development of the Firefox app for Windows 8 has since been cancelled, citing a lack of user adoption for the beta versions.


Premise: What type of climate does Cyprus have?

Hypothesis: Generally, summers last about eight months, beginning in April with average temperatures of 21–23 °C (70–73 °F) during the day and 11–13 °C (52–55 °F) at night, and ending in November with average temperatures of 22–23 °C (72–73 °F) during the day and 12–14 °C (54–57 °F) at night, although in the remaining four months temperatures sometimes exceed 20 °C (68 °F).


Premise: Besides the sugar and the four bases, what else does DNA consist of?

Hypothesis: The vast majority of living organisms encode their genes in long strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


Premise: What word was dropped as a racial classification in this year's census?

Hypothesis: Enumerators were instructed to no longer use the "Mulatto" classification.


Premise: What caused child labour to decrease in Vietnam?

Hypothesis: Edmonds suggests, even in contemporary times, the incidence of child labour in Vietnam has rapidly reduced following economic reforms and GDP growth.


Premise: Why does a litigant initiate a lawsuit under the Civil Rights Act of 1871?

Hypothesis: Under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, a state prisoner is ordinarily only allowed one suit for habeas corpus in federal court.


Premise: How much slower do games run on PAL consoles than NTSC due to frequency differences?

Hypothesis: Some commercial PAL region releases exhibit this same problem and, therefore, can be played in NTSC systems without issue while others will face a 20% speedup if played in an NTSC console.


Premise: When was the Jewish section attacked?

Hypothesis: The Muslim quarter was attacked during a similar tumult among the populace in 1456, but the consequences were minor.


Premise: Growth rates during adolescent are comparible to those of what other life stage?

Hypothesis: During their peak height velocity (the time of most rapid growth), adolescents grow at a growth rate nearly identical to that of a toddler—about 4 inches (10.3 cm) a year for males and 3.5 inches (9 cm) for females.


Premise: Analysts expect the market to triple by what year?

Hypothesis: Analysts expect the market to triple by 2030.


Premise: What is an important industry in Israel?

Hypothesis: Tourism, especially religious tourism, is an important industry in Israel, with the country's temperate climate, beaches, archaeological, other historical and biblical sites, and unique geography also drawing tourists.


Premise: What is the name of a Japanese wrestling company?

Hypothesis: Other prominent professional wrestling companies worldwide include the US-based Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) and Ring of Honor (ROH), Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) and Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) in Mexico, and the Japanese New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW), All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW), and Pro Wrestling


Premise: What was Schleiden's profession?

Hypothesis: Botany was greatly stimulated by the appearance of the first "modern" text book, Matthias Schleiden's Grundzüge der Wissenschaftlichen Botanik, published in English in 1849 as Principles of Scientific Botany.


Premise: What subject does the question of who has a monopoly on spiritual truth regard?

Hypothesis: The subject of Christian heresy opens up broader questions as to who has a monopoly on spiritual truth, as explored by Jorge Luis Borges in the short story "The Theologians" within the compilation Labyrinths.


Premise: who was the manager of the factory nightclub and co-owner of the hacienda?

Hypothesis: The manager of the Factory nightclub and co-owner of the Haçienda, Tony Wilson, also promoted acid house culture on his weekly TV show.


Premise: What was an early version of the trombone called?

Hypothesis: As well, early versions of the organ, fiddle (or vielle), and trombone (called the sackbut) existed.


Premise: Who was a big influence on Smokey Robinson?

Hypothesis: Other, prominent Motor City R&B stars in the 1950s and early 1960s was Nolan Strong, Andre Williams and Nathaniel Mayer – who all scored local and national hits on the Fortune Records label.


Premise: What percentage of American students report that they currently eat the recommended servings of fruits and vegetables?

Hypothesis: In another study, those who consumed yogurt performed better on thinking tasks when compared to those that consumed caffeine-free diet soda or confections.


Premise: When was the first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China?

Hypothesis: The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism to China is most commonly thought to have started in the late 2nd or the 1st century CE, though the literary sources are all open to question.[note 41]


Premise: The Orthodox population of Constantinople preferred Ottoman rule instead of what?

Hypothesis: Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority.


Premise: What did Einstein with the 1921 Nobel Prize for?

Hypothesis: Einstein's 1905 paper discussing the effect in terms of light quanta would earn him the Nobel Prize in 1921, when his predictions had been confirmed by the experimental work of Robert Andrews Millikan.


Premise: Who benefits from political corruption?

Hypothesis: An illegal act by an officeholder constitutes political corruption only if the act is directly related to their official duties, is done under color of law or involves trading in influence.


Premise: How did the 2010 Global Green Economy Index rank Switzerland?

Hypothesis: The 2014 Global Green Economy Index ranked Switzerland among the top 10 green economies in the world.


Premise: Who was his heir?

Hypothesis: Hong Taiji died suddenly in September 1643 without a designated heir.


Premise: What sciences use bacteria?

Hypothesis: By making mutations in bacterial DNA and examining the resulting phenotypes, scientists can determine the function of genes, enzymes and metabolic pathways in bacteria, then apply this knowledge to more complex organisms.


Premise: Planck's law involved what necessary mathematical step to correctly predict blackbody emission?

Hypothesis: To make Planck's law, which correctly predicts blackbody emissions, it was necessary to multiply the classical expression by a complex factor that involves h in both the numerator and the denominator.


Premise: How many species of fungi were recorded in Egypt?

Hypothesis: The plan stated that the following numbers of species of different groups had been recorded from Egypt: algae (1483 species), animals (about 15,000 species of which more than 10,000 were insects), fungi (more than 627 species), monera (319 species), plants (2426 species), protozoans (371 species).


Premise: What is the span of years for the Early Jurassic?

Hypothesis: The Early Jurassic spans from 200 million years to 175 million years ago.


Premise: When was he conscripted into the army?

Hypothesis: At the outbreak of World War I in 1914, he was sent to Ruma, where he was arrested for anti-war propaganda and imprisoned in the Petrovaradin fortress.


Premise: Do a teen's friends have a large or small impact on their social development?

Hypothesis: This means that who the teen chooses/accepts as their friends and who they communicate with on a frequent basis often makes up their reference groups and can therefore have a huge impact on who they become.


Premise: Which season 11 contestant had to go to the hospital before the Top 13 Results?

Hypothesis: He was reported to have eight surgeries during his Idol run, and had considered quitting the show due to the pain.


Premise: Along with the Second Bulgarian Empire and the Kingdom of Serbia, what polity controlled the former Byzantine Balkan lands?

Hypothesis: The former Byzantine lands in the Balkans were divided between the new Kingdom of Serbia, the Second Bulgarian Empire and the city-state of Venice.


Premise: When did the abbey suffer damage?

Hypothesis: It suffered damage during the turbulent 1640s, when it was attacked by Puritan iconoclasts, but was again protected by its close ties to the state during the Commonwealth period.


Premise: The states defend their interests at the federal level through what?

Hypothesis: According to the German constitution (called Grundgesetz or in English Basic Law), some topics, such as foreign affairs and defense, are the exclusive responsibility of the federation (i.e., the federal level), while others fall under the shared authority of the states and the federation; the states retain residual legislative authority for all other areas, including "culture", which in Germany includes not only topics such as financial promotion of arts and sciences, but also most forms of education and job training.


Premise: What is the division of Catalan dialects?

Hypothesis: The terms "Catalan" and "Valencian" (respectively used in Catalonia and the Valencian Community) are two different varieties of the same language.


Premise: Who did Austria-Hungary war with over territory?

Hypothesis: The Balkan Wars were two wars in South-eastern Europe in 1912–1913 in the course of which the Balkan League (Bulgaria, Montenegro, Greece, and Serbia) first captured Ottoman-held remaining part of Thessaly, Macedonia, Epirus, Albania and most of Thrace and then fell out over the division of the spoils, with incorporation of Romania this time.


Premise: Who provides service to every City, town, and hamlet in Somalia?

Hypothesis: These Somali telecommunication companies also provide services to every city, town and hamlet in Somalia.


Premise: What did Victoria think of Lady Flora?

Hypothesis: She hated Conroy, and despised "that odious Lady Flora", because she had conspired with Conroy and the Duchess of Kent in the Kensington System.


Premise: How many people initially auditioned?

Hypothesis: Jim Verraros was the first openly gay contestant on the show; his sexual orientation was revealed in his online journal, however it was removed during the competition after a request from the show producers over concerns that it might be unfairly influencing votes.


Premise: The Municipality of Montevideo was first created by a legal act of what?

Hypothesis: Municipalities were replaced by departmental councils, which consisted of a collegiate executive board with 7 members from Montevideo and 5 from the interior region.


Premise: Who pitched a no-hitter against the Astros on Spetember 14th?

Hypothesis: The Cubs headed into the All-Star break with the N.L.'s best record, and tied the league record with eight representatives to the All-Star game, including catcher Geovany Soto, who was named Rookie of the Year.


Premise: What is the term for the type of idealism preached by Leibniz?

Hypothesis: Leibniz' form of idealism, known as Panpsychism, views "monads" as the true atoms of the universe and as entities having perception.


Premise: where are instructions embedded to tell fonts how to output sequences?

Hypothesis: A mark handled this way will appear over whatever character precedes it, but will not adjust its position relative to the width or height of the base glyph; it may be visually awkward and it may overlap some glyphs.


Premise: What is another term for words created by Aavik?

Hypothesis: Consider roim ‘crime’ versus English crime or taunima ‘to condemn, disapprove’ versus Finnish tuomita ‘to condemn, to judge’ (these Aavikisms appear in Aavik’s 1921 dictionary).


Premise: From where did Anton-Hermann Chroust come to reach Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame.


Premise: Ducks, geese, swans and screamers are part of which group?

Hypothesis: The earliest divergence within the Neognathes was that of the Galloanserae, the superorder containing the Anseriformes (ducks, geese, swans and screamers) and the Galliformes (the pheasants, grouse, and their allies, together with the mound builders and the guans and their allies).


Premise: What remains a controversy regarding how to refer to the indigenous peoples of the Americas?

Hypothesis: The Native American name controversy is an ongoing dispute over the acceptable ways to refer to the indigenous peoples of the Americas and to broad subsets thereof, such as those living in a specific country or sharing certain cultural attributes.


Premise: What group has been unsuccessful in creating a unified church since 1948?

Hypothesis: The ecumenical movement has had an influence on mainline churches, beginning at least in 1910 with the Edinburgh Missionary Conference.


Premise: The allies permitted Napoleon to keep what title?

Hypothesis: Napoleon attempted suicide with a pill he had carried after nearly being captured by the Russians during the retreat from Moscow.


Premise: What does "IGRAs" stand for?

Hypothesis: Interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs), on a blood sample, are recommended in those who are positive to the Mantoux test.


Premise: After being interrupted, where do 24th and 25th Streets continue from?

Hypothesis: 25th Street, which is in three parts, starts at FDR Drive, is a pedestrian plaza between Third Avenue and Lexington Avenue, and ends at Madison.


Premise: Where are the majority of Bermuda's hotels?

Hypothesis: Many of Bermuda's hotels are located along the south shore of the island.


Premise: When was the lowest unemployment rate in Namibia?

Hypothesis: According to the Namibia Labour Force Survey Report 2012, conducted by the Namibia Statistics Agency, the country's unemployment rate is 27.4%.


Premise: What league are the Montreal Expos in?

Hypothesis: Several MLB teams used to play regular exhibition games during the year against nearby teams in the other major league, but regular-season interleague play has made such games unnecessary.


Premise: Whom, along with Francis Bacon and John Locke, did Thomas Jefferson consider to be one of the three greatest men that ever lived?

Hypothesis: Jefferson's political ideals were greatly influenced by the writings of John Locke, Francis Bacon, and Isaac Newton whom he considered the three greatest men that ever lived.


Premise: What was being celebrated in the Catholic calendar when the Eccelsiam suam was given in 1964?

Hypothesis: It is considered an important document, identifying the Catholic Church with the Body of Christ.


Premise: Where does protein digestion occur?

Hypothesis: The digestive enzymes however are mostly secreted as their inactive precursors, the zymogens.


Premise: Shell Oil Company's United States business throughout its early history is described as what?

Hypothesis: Through most of Shell's early history, the Shell Oil Company business in the United States was substantially independent with its stock being traded on the NYSE and with little direct involvement from the group's central offices in the running of the American business.


Premise: In what country did literacy rates double over the course of the 18th century?

Hypothesis: Literacy rates are difficult to gauge, but in France at least, the rates doubled over the course of the 18th century.


Premise: What disease took the heaviest toll on Napoleon's army?

Hypothesis: Bonaparte began with an army of 13,000 men; 1,500 were reported missing, 1,200 died in combat, and thousands perished from disease—mostly bubonic plague.


Premise: What famous bridge had two banners hung from it by protesters?

Hypothesis: Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent.


Premise: What is the former name of Radio Gaalkacyo?

Hypothesis: Additionally, the Somaliland region in the northwest has one government-operated radio station.


Premise: New Delhi's service sector has expanded largely due to skilled workers that speak what language?

Hypothesis: Government and quasi government sector was the primary employer in New Delhi.


Premise: What kind of insect can damage architectural structures?

Hypothesis: Biocontrol uses one organism to reduce the population density of another organism — the pest — and is considered a key element of integrated pest management.


Premise: What kind of inscriptions decorate Punjab's burial places?

Hypothesis: The tile-work of Emperor Shah Jahan is of a richer and more elaborate nature.


Premise: How many municipalities are in Thuringia?

Hypothesis: Of the approximately 850 municipalities of Thuringia, 126 are classed as towns (within a district) or cities (forming their own urban district).


Premise: Which state is known for its Mediterranean climate?

Hypothesis: Its comparatively favorable agricultural climate contributed (in part) to the country's rise as a world power, with infrequent severe drought in the major agricultural regions, a general lack of widespread flooding, and a mainly temperate climate that receives adequate precipitation.


Premise: Who is the Dean of Faculty of Arts & Sciences at Washington University?

Hypothesis: Arts & Sciences at Washington University comprises three divisions: the College of Arts & Sciences, the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, and University College in Arts & Sciences.


Premise: What instrument was the precursor of the tuba?

Hypothesis: While the harpsichord was still used in basso continuo accompaniment in the 1750s and 1760s, it fell out of use in the end of the century.


Premise: Which notable government official did The Times ally with in the 1930s whom practised German appeasement?

Hypothesis: In 1922, John Jacob Astor, son of the 1st Viscount Astor, bought The Times from the Northcliffe estate.


Premise: Who declined the ROK's request for tanks?

Hypothesis: The ROK Army had 98,000 soldiers (65,000 combat, 33,000 support), no tanks (they had been requested from the U.S. military, but requests were denied), and a 22-piece air force comprising 12 liaison-type and 10 AT6 advanced-trainer airplanes.


Premise: How many singles did her second album produce?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day was released on September 5, 2006, in the US, to coincide with her twenty-fifth birthday.


Premise: In what year was Columbia University chartered?

Hypothesis: In 1754, Columbia University was founded under charter by King George II as King's College in Lower Manhattan.


Premise: What politician fought against statehood for Puerto Rico?

Hypothesis: Pierluisi urged Obama to begin legislation in favor of the statehood of Puerto Rico, in light of its win in the referendum.


Premise: What are the windows of 1990s and later pubs often made of?

Hypothesis: Traditionally the windows of town pubs were of smoked or frosted glass to obscure the clientele from the street but from the 1990s onwards


Premise: Over what does the AVL  make rules governing?

Hypothesis: Currently, everyone who writes in Valencian uses this standard, except the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV), which uses for Valencian an independent standard.


Premise: How much money did Lawrence have to contribute to the University as terms of its charter?

Hypothesis: If Lawrence failed to meet these conditions, Emporia instead of Lawrence would get the university.


Premise: When did Alan Turing write the paper, "On Computable Numbers"?

Hypothesis: The principle of the modern computer was first described by mathematician and pioneering computer scientist Alan Turing, who set out the idea in his seminal 1936 paper, On Computable Numbers.


Premise: The Noble Eightfold Path is which Noble Truth?

Hypothesis: Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration.


Premise: Who eventually brought the Greeks together?

Hypothesis: The most devastating intra-Greek war was the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), won by Sparta and marking the demise of the Athenian Empire as the leading power in ancient Greece.


Premise: What sort of passages were still left out of the supposed "whole" text?

Hypothesis: In regard to accuracy, observes J.M. Cohen, the policy became "the text, the whole text, and nothing but the text", except for any bawdy passages and the addition of copious explanatory footnotes.


Premise: What color tile was used in Ahangar's tomb?

Hypothesis: The pictured wall of Lahore Fort is the last line in the tile-work in the entire world.


Premise: The Game Tour of the band Queen included how many shows in Argentina?

Hypothesis: The tour included five shows in Argentina, one of which drew the largest single concert crowd in Argentine history with an audience of 300,000 in Buenos Aires and two concerts at the Morumbi Stadium in São Paulo, Brazil, where they played to an audience of more than 131,000 people in the first night (then the largest paying audience for a single band anywhere in the world) and more than 120,000 people the following night.


Premise: When was the German Empire created?

Hypothesis: The Austrian Empire – like the Holy Roman Empire – was a multi-ethnic state, but German-speaking people there did not have an absolute numerical majority; the creation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was one result of the growing nationalism of other ethnicities especially the Hungarians.


Premise: Miami is located in which Florida county?

Hypothesis: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Miami's metro area is the eighth-most populous and fourth-largest urban area in the United States, with a population of around 5.5 million.


Premise: How long did it take to implement riding horses in a believable manner?

Hypothesis: In four months, Aonuma's team managed to present realistic horseback riding,[l] which Nintendo later revealed to the public with a trailer at Electronic Entertainment Expo 2004.


Premise: What publications are put out by the UCC?

Hypothesis: The city's University publishes the UCC Express and Motley magazine.


Premise: What did Clarkson sing during the finale?

Hypothesis: In what was to become a tradition, Clarkson performed the coronation song during the finale, and released the song immediately after the season ended.


Premise: What did Margaret Mead advocate for?

Hypothesis: Since the work of Franz Boas and Bronisław Malinowski in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, social anthropology in Great Britain and cultural anthropology in the US have been distinguished from other social sciences by its emphasis on cross-cultural comparisons, long-term in-depth examination of context, and the importance it places on participant-observation or experiential immersion in the area of research.


Premise: When a specialized species resorts to foraging and eating other diets, it's like because it's primary food source is?

Hypothesis: Some predators specialize in certain classes of prey, not just single species.


Premise: In what year were there 73 death penalty convictions?

Hypothesis: There were 73 new death sentences handed down in 2014, the lowest number since 1973 (44).


Premise: In what year was the local postage stamp overprinted and has since been replaced?

Hypothesis: Because Guam is also part of the U.S. Postal System (postal abbreviation: GU, ZIP code range: 96910–96932), mail to Guam from the U.S. mainland is considered domestic and no additional charges are required.


Premise: What Indian leader said that Swaraj was his birthright?

Hypothesis: Bal Gangadhar Tilak, an Indian nationalist leader, declared Swaraj as the destiny of the nation.


Premise: What was redefined in the 5th century about the people of these names?

Hypothesis: There are many controversial theories on the origin of the Achaeans.


Premise: Are there breed standards used for the competitions?

Hypothesis: In many countries, national and regional poultry shows are held where enthusiasts exhibit their birds which are judged on certain phenotypical breed traits as specified by their respective breed standards.


Premise: What did UNICEF report?

Hypothesis: Because of the magnitude of the quake, and the media attention on China, foreign nations and organizations immediately responded to the disaster by offering condolences and assistance.


Premise: How much faster do Red knots and dunlins fly in a flock?

Hypothesis: Geese in a V-formation may conserve 12–20% of the energy they would need to fly alone.


Premise: How much has the Red Cross Society  collected?

Hypothesis: Houston Rockets center Yao Ming, one of the country's most popular sports icons, gave $214,000 and $71,000 to the Red Cross Society of China.


Premise: What problem continued to stop rescue teams from reaching affected areas?

Hypothesis: The Red Cross Society of China also stated that the disaster areas need tents, medical supplies, drinking water and food; however it recommended donating cash instead of other items, as it had not been possible to reach roads that were completely damaged or places that were blocked off by landslides.


Premise: Who occupied the role that would later become prime minister under Henry VIII?

Hypothesis: Examples were Thomas Cromwell under Henry VIII; William Cecil, Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I; Clarendon under Charles II and Godolphin under Queen Anne.


Premise: What company counts the votes on American Idol?

Hypothesis: Voting via text messaging was made available in the second season when AT&T Wireless joined as a sponsor of the show, and 7.5 million text messages were sent to American Idol that season.


Premise: How many people were killed by US Special Forces on Sep 14, 2009?

Hypothesis: On 14 September 2009, U.S. Special Forces killed two men and wounded and captured two others near the Somali village of Baarawe.


Premise: What was a major night attraction for Nanjing?

Hypothesis: Boating at night in the river was a main attraction of the city.


Premise: What was the library marked as on the map?

Hypothesis: The Strasbourg municipal library had been marked erroneously as "City Hall" in a French commercial map, which had been captured and used by the German artillery to lay their guns.


Premise: Which contestant was number three in sales from season three?

Hypothesis: One of the most talked-about contestants during the audition process was William Hung whose off-key rendition of Ricky Martin's "She Bangs" received widespread attention.


Premise: What can citizens use to challenge any law passed by Parliament?

Hypothesis: The Swiss Parliament consists of two houses: the Council of States which has 46 representatives (two from each canton and one from each half-canton) who are elected under a system determined by each canton, and the National Council, which consists of 200 members who are elected under a system of proportional representation, depending on the population of each canton.


Premise: Along with Djibouti and Ethiopia, in what African country outside Somalia can Somalis be found?

Hypothesis: Somalis constitute the largest ethnic group in Somalia, at approximately 85% of the nation's inhabitants.


Premise: What kind of sound did Kanye abandon a rap and hiphop one for with his fourth album?

Hypothesis: Rolling Stone journalist Matthew Trammell asserted that the record was ahead of its time and wrote in a 2012 article, "Now that popular music has finally caught up to it, 808s & Heartbreak has revealed itself to be Kanye’s most vulnerable work, and perhaps his most brilliant."


Premise: What has made the no photography rule hard to enforce in the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom?

Hypothesis: Once inside the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom, there are no lines to see the individual documents and visitors are allowed to walk from document to document as they wish.


Premise: Bilaterians are animals that have what?

Hypothesis: Except for a few primitive organisms such as sponges (which have no nervous system) and cnidarians (which have a nervous system consisting of a diffuse nerve net), all living multicellular animals are bilaterians, meaning animals with a bilaterally symmetric body shape (that is, left and right sides that are approximate mirror images of each other).


Premise: Where was Frederic Chopin from?

Hypothesis: By 1870, Paris had become an important centre for symphony, ballet and operatic music.


Premise: When is Armadillo Day held every year?

Hypothesis: Primal Scream is held at 9 p.m. on the Sunday before finals week every quarter; students lean out of windows or gather in courtyards and scream.


Premise: Since which year has Tennessee's 1st congressional district voted overwhelmingly Republican?

Hypothesis: Tennessee's 1st and 2nd congressional districts, based in the Tri-Cities and Knoxville, respectively, are among the few historically Republican districts in the South.


Premise: Which President will have two coins with his portrait on it?

Hypothesis: Based on the success of the "50 State Quarters" series, the new coin features a sequence of presidents in order of their inaugurations, starting with George Washington, on the obverse side.


Premise: Denis Diderot lived from what year to what year?

Hypothesis: John "Walking" Stewart (1747-1822), whose insistence in seeing matter as endowed with a moral dimension had a major impact on the philosophical poetry of William Wordsworth (1770-1850).


Premise: What did the court reject in 1994?

Hypothesis: From 1938 until 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court did not invalidate any federal statute as exceeding Congress' power under the Commerce Clause.


Premise: When did Nigeria become a British protectorate?

Hypothesis: In the late 19th and early 20th centuries the independent kingdoms of what would become Nigeria fought a number of conflicts against the British Empire's efforts to expand its territory.


Premise: Which nickname was given to the British sailors?

Hypothesis: Sometimes overlooked during his life, James Lind, a physician in the British navy, performed the first scientific nutrition experiment in 1747.


Premise: Boolean logic consists of what?

Hypothesis: These can be useful for creating complicated conditional statements and processing boolean logic.


Premise: What is one of the main reasons pilots sit on the left side of the airplane?

Hypothesis: One of the main reason for this is that pilots sit on the left side of the airplane, and a Left-hand patterns improves their visibility of the airport and pattern.


Premise: Which physicist quoted the Quran in his address after receiving the Nobel Prize?

Hypothesis: Salam also held the opinion that the Quran and the Islamic spirit of study and rational reflection was the source of extraordinary civilizational development.


Premise: When did Seattle have hurricane type winds and heavy rains?

Hypothesis: One such event occurred on December 2–4, 2007, when sustained hurricane-force winds and widespread heavy rainfall associated with a strong Pineapple Express event occurred in the greater Puget Sound area and the western parts of Washington and Oregon.


Premise: What style of music was Gary Numan associated with?

Hypothesis: Artists such as Gary Numan, the Human League, Soft Cell, John Foxx and Visage helped pioneer a new synthpop style that drew more heavily from electronic and synthesizer music and benefited from the rise of MTV.


Premise: What was Kerry's father's religion?

Hypothesis: The children were raised in their father's faith; John Kerry served as an altar boy.


Premise: What is a problem common to phenotype-based descriptions of races?

Hypothesis: One crucial innovation in reconceptualizing genotypic and phenotypic variation was the anthropologist C. Loring Brace's observation that such variations, insofar as it is affected by natural selection, slow migration, or genetic drift, are distributed along geographic gradations or clines.


Premise: What does the Pro Pack do?

Hypothesis: As with prior versions, third-party DVD player software can still be used to enable DVD playback.


Premise: Is harder, heavier wood indicated by narrower or wider growth rings?

Hypothesis: In the case of the ring-porous hardwoods there seems to exist a pretty definite relation between the rate of growth of timber and its properties.


Premise: What do Locke's idea of natural rights include?

Hypothesis: These natural rights include perfect equality and freedom, and the right to preserve life and property.


Premise: Who took over for Wever after his death?

Hypothesis: Ex-Army personnel Albert Kesselring and Hans-Jürgen Stumpff are usually blamed for the turning away from strategic planning and focusing on close air support.


Premise: What form of speech shows that Sanskrit and Prakrits existed together?

Hypothesis: In the medieval era, Sanskrit continued to be spoken and written, particularly by learned Brahmins for scholarly communication.


Premise: What are some other major wrestling companies?

Hypothesis: Other prominent professional wrestling companies worldwide include the US-based Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) and Ring of Honor (ROH), Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) and Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) in Mexico, and the Japanese New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW), All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW), and Pro Wrestling


Premise: What was the name of the person argued for "The psychic unity of mankind"?

Hypothesis: In 1860, Adolf Bastian (1826–1905) argued for "the psychic unity of mankind".


Premise: What principally determines the wattage of an incandescent bulb?

Hypothesis: This is measured in watts and depends mainly on the resistance of the filament, which in turn depends mainly on the filament's length, thickness, and material.


Premise: What is another name for unicode?

Hypothesis: Prior to June 2004, the vowel akin to but more open than o, written with a dot above right, was not encoded.


Premise: Who was the mentor for seasons 14 and 15?

Hypothesis: Beginning in the tenth season[citation needed], permanent mentors were brought in during the live shows to help guide the contestants with their song choice and performance.


Premise: What influences water evaporation on leaves?

Hypothesis: Particularly since the mid-1960s there have been advances in understanding of the physics of plant physiological processes such as transpiration (the transport of water within plant tissues), the temperature dependence of rates of water evaporation from the leaf surface and the molecular diffusion of water vapour and carbon dioxide through stomatal apertures.


Premise: Who became the second major party after the elections?

Hypothesis: No party could form a sustainable government, which led to the parliamentary elections of June 2012.


Premise: When were the Winter Olympics held in Albertville, France?

Hypothesis: In the first half of the 20th century the Olympic Winter Games were held three times in Alpine venues: the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France; the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland; and the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.


Premise: Since what date has Sanskrit been offered as a language option in the U.S.?

Hypothesis: In the United States, since September 2009, high school students have been able to receive credits as Independent Study or toward Foreign Language requirements by studying Sanskrit, as part of the "SAFL:


Premise: What is the maximum age for electors?

Hypothesis: He also established a maximum age of eighty years for electors.


Premise: When were users able to discard the disc and access Netflix directly through their PS3s?

Hypothesis: In October 2009, Sony Computer Entertainment and Netflix announced that the Netflix streaming service would also be available on PlayStation 3 in the United States.


Premise: In what city did Lewis Hallam present Shakespeare's plays?

Hypothesis: In the 1960s a small renaissance or golden age accompanied the growth of professional dinner theaters and the fostering of theater by the Virginia Museum, reaching a peak in the 1970s with the establishment of a resident Equity company at the Virginia Museum Theater (now the Leslie Cheek) and the birth of Theatre IV, a company that continues to this day.


Premise: Which three personalities from previous films appear in Spectre?

Hypothesis: The story sees Bond pitted against the global criminal organisation Spectre, marking the group's first appearance in an Eon Productions film since 1971's Diamonds Are Forever,[N 2] and tying Craig's series of films together with an overarching storyline.


Premise: A wrestler may have a small person called what?

Hypothesis: There are also cases in which midgets can become valets for a wrestler, and even get physically involved in matches, like Alushe, who often accompanies Tinieblas, or KeMonito, who is portrayed as Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre's mascot and is also a valet for Mistico.


Premise: What is the new name of Windows Explorer?

Hypothesis: A new "File History" function allows incremental revisions of files to be backed up to and restored from a secondary storage device, while Storage Spaces allows users to combine different sized hard disks into virtual drives and specify mirroring, parity, or no redundancy on a folder-by-folder basis.


Premise: How many volts did Thomas Edison's electrical supply provide?

Hypothesis: In the latter part of the second revolution, Thomas Alva Edison developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world and is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory.


Premise: After a victorious battle in 1526 in what present-day nation was Turkish rule expanded to?

Hypothesis: In 1555, the Caucasus became officially partitioned for the first time between the Safavids and the Ottomans, a status quo that would remain until the end of the Russo-Turkish War (1768–74).


Premise: What was thought might maximize the odds of finding unique cluster patterns in groups?

Hypothesis: One such study looked at a large multiethnic population in the United States, and "detected only modest genetic differentiation between different current geographic locales within each race/ethnicity group.


Premise: Who backed out of becoming SoS after Hillary?

Hypothesis: On December 15, 2012, several news outlets reported that President Barack Obama would nominate Kerry to succeed Hillary Clinton as Secretary of State, after Susan Rice, widely seen as Obama's preferred choice, withdrew her name from consideration citing a politicized confirmation process following criticism of her response to the 2012 Benghazi attack.


Premise: What areas are in Southeast Raleigh?

Hypothesis: Southeast Raleigh is bounded by downtown on the west, Garner on the southwest, and rural Wake County to the southeast.


Premise: While the EIc took over all of India there were, two exception the first being Punjab, what was the Second?

Hypothesis: This was the background to the Charter Act of 1813 which, among other things:


Premise: In what year did the aristocracy move from the King's palace at Versailles to Paris?

Hypothesis: The creation of the public sphere has been associated with two long-term historical trends: the rise of the modern nation state and the rise of capitalism.


Premise: What did silt and marine fossils teach Shen Kuo?

Hypothesis: He also adopted a theory of gradual climate change in regions over time, after observing petrified bamboo found underground at Yan'an, Shaanxi province.


Premise: Where were the black?

Hypothesis: The color issue was not settled until Kenya became independent in 1963, ending the last vestige of the British Empire.


Premise: What is part of I-76 called?

Hypothesis: A link between I-95 and I-76, it runs below street level through Center City, connecting to the Ben Franklin Bridge at its eastern end.


Premise: When did Kerry speak at Georgetown University?

Hypothesis: Kerry also gave a January 23, 2003 speech to Georgetown University saying "Without question, we need to disarm Saddam Hussein.


Premise: How many battles were conducted by Rome before they were forced to flee in The First Samnite War?

Hypothesis: Rome beat the Latins in the Battle of Vesuvius and again in the Battle of Trifanum, after which the Latin cities were obliged to submit to Roman rule.


Premise: What sleep aid was marketed in 1904?

Hypothesis: The discovery was patented and licensed to Bayer pharmaceuticals, which marketed the compound under the trade name Veronal as a sleep aid beginning in 1904.


Premise: What is the Latin term for insect?

Hypothesis: The word "insect" comes from the Latin word insectum, meaning "with a notched or divided body", or literally "cut into", from the neuter singular perfect passive participle of insectare, "to cut into, to cut up", from in- "into" and secare "to cut"; because insects appear "cut into" three sections.


Premise: Choules complimented the streets of Southampton for being kept in what condition?

Hypothesis: The shops are very elegant, and the streets are kept exceedingly clean."


Premise: Constructs may be the result rather than the inciter of what?

Hypothesis: These constructs develop within various legal, economic, and sociopolitical contexts, and may be the effect, rather than the cause, of major social situations.


Premise: When was the Associations Incorporation Act adopted?

Hypothesis: A nonprofit organisation in Australia can choose from a number of legal forms depending on the needs and activities of the organisation: co-operative, company limited by guarantee, unincorporated association, incorporated association (by the Associations Incorporation Act 1985) or incorporated association or council (by the Commonwealth Aboriginal Councils and Associations Act 1976).


Premise: Who became the Democratic nominee, half way through 2003?

Hypothesis: Generally regarded as a pragmatic centrist during his time as governor, Dean emerged during his presidential campaign as a left-wing populist, denouncing the policies of the Bush administration (especially the 2003 invasion of Iraq) as well as fellow Democrats, who, in his view, failed to strongly oppose them.


Premise: Which invention resulted in more widespread use of the printed word?

Hypothesis: Toward the end of the period, an era of discovery began (Age of Discovery).


Premise: Which articles allow the soverign to refise consent even when the bills have been passed through the Legislative assembly?

Hypothesis: Members of the opposition denounced the bill and asked the King to veto it, which he did in December.


Premise: What must a Tuvaluan have to be considered for a work permit in New Zealand?

Hypothesis: Tuvaluans also have access to seasonal employment in the horticulture and viticulture industries in New Zealand under the Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) Work Policy introduced in 2007 allowing for employment of up to 5,000 workers from Tuvalu and other Pacific islands.


Premise: How many different breeds are there?

Hypothesis: Through this selective breeding, the dog has developed into hundreds of varied breeds, and shows more behavioral and morphological variation than any other land mammal.


Premise: Who was responsible for the attacks on followers of Pompey?

Hypothesis: Clodius formed armed gangs that terrorised the city and eventually began to attack Pompey's followers, who in response funded counter-gangs formed by Titus Annius Milo.


Premise: Who elevated Hanover to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1815?

Hypothesis: The Congress of Vienna in 1815 elevated the electorate to the Kingdom of Hanover.


Premise: When was the first British patent for the use of bitumen?

Hypothesis: Then on 25 November 1837, Richard Tappin Claridge patented the use of Seyssel asphalt (patent #7849), for use in asphalte pavement, having seen it employed in France and Belgium when visiting with Frederick Walter Simms, who worked with him on the introduction of asphalt to Britain.


Premise: Why did the Luftwaffe fail to locate their targets?

Hypothesis: The Luftwaffe's poor intelligence meant that their aircraft were not always able to locate their targets, and thus attacks on factories and airfields failed to achieve the desired results.


Premise: From where is C31 broadcast?

Hypothesis: C31 is only broadcast from the transmitters at Mount Dandenong and South Yarra.


Premise: Which company took over the channels vacated by Saint FM?

Hypothesis: The station operates as a limited-by-guarantee company owned by its members and is registered as a fund-raising Association.


Premise: Who won the 2004 Iowa Democratic Caucus?

Hypothesis: In the 2004 Democratic presidential primaries, John Kerry defeated several Democratic rivals, including Sen. John Edwards (D-North Carolina.), former Vermont Governor Howard Dean and retired Army General Wesley Clark.


Premise: The Block III Ranger 7 mission successfully reached the moon on what date?

Hypothesis: The 730-pound (330 kg) Ranger 4 became the first US spacecraft to reach the Moon, but its solar panels and navigational system failed near the Moon and it impacted the far side without returning any scientific data.


Premise: How many fans does Azteca Stadium hold?

Hypothesis: The Olympic Stadium in Ciudad Universitaria is home to the football club giants Universidad Nacional, with a seating capacity of over 52,000.


Premise: Who dropped any passages dealing with miracles or visitations of angels from his work the Jefferson Bible?

Hypothesis: He determined the essence of Christianity to be a belief in Christ the redeemer and recommended avoiding more detailed debate.


Premise: What political position did Bentham think police should have?

Hypothesis: Peel, widely regarded as the father of modern policing, was heavily influenced by the social and legal philosophy of Jeremy Bentham, who called for a strong and centralized, but politically neutral, police force for the maintenance of social order, for the protection of people from crime and to act as a visible deterrent to urban crime and disorder.


Premise: What company produces American Idol?

Hypothesis: It began airing on Fox on June 11, 2002, as an addition to the Idols format based on the British series Pop Idol and has since become one of the most successful shows in the history of American television.


Premise: What types of tools did early farmers use for food production?

Hypothesis: Neolithic people were skilled farmers, manufacturing a range of tools necessary for the tending, harvesting and processing of crops (such as sickle blades and grinding stones) and food production (e.g. pottery, bone implements).


Premise: What was the name of Gaddafi's tribe?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi's upbringing in Bedouin culture influenced his personal tastes for the rest of his life.


Premise: Are trials considered internal or external exams?

Hypothesis: Prizes are awarded on the results of trials (internal exams), GCSE and AS-levels.


Premise: What cyclone caused major damage to vegetation on all islands on Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: Funafuti's Tepuka Vili Vili islet was devastated by Cyclone Meli in 1979, with all its vegetation and most of its sand swept away during the cyclone.


Premise: When was the Family Computer (Famicom) released in Japan?

Hypothesis: (also known by the portmanteau abbreviation Famicom (ファミコン, Famikon?) and abbreviated as FC) on July 15, 1983, and was later released in North America during 1985, in Europe during 1986, and Australia in 1987.


Premise: What does the IASP advocate that the relief of pain should be recognized as?

Hypothesis: In 2011, Human Rights Watch alerted that tens of millions of people worldwide are still denied access to inexpensive medications for severe pain.


Premise: What is the most widely used form of renewable energy?

Hypothesis: Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water.


Premise: Where was Siddhārtha Gautama born?

Hypothesis: It was either a small republic, in which case his father was an elected chieftain, or an oligarchy, in which case his father was an oligarch.


Premise: What printing process for The Times was replaced by computers in 1982?

Hypothesis: May 1982, following agreement with print unions, the hot-metal Linotype printing process used to print The Times since the 19th century was phased out and replaced by computer input and photo-composition.


Premise: What has been a cause of mass parrot poisonings attributed to zinc?

Hypothesis: The consumption of fruit juices stored in galvanized cans has resulted in mass parrot poisonings with zinc.


Premise: In which period did North and South america join?

Hypothesis: North America and Asia were still intermittently joined by a land bridge, while Greenland and North America were beginning to separate.


Premise: "Scythia this side of the Himalayas" is located where?

Hypothesis: In the north is "Scythia this side of the Himalayas" and "Scythia beyond the Himalayas."


Premise: 800,000 children worldwide die each year due to what?

Hypothesis: Nearly two billion people in the developing world are deficient in zinc.


Premise: What type of headgear originally appeared on the lions' heads on England's national football team motif?

Hypothesis: Since 2003, England top their logo with a star to recognise their World Cup win in 1966; this was first embroidered onto the left sleeve of the home kit, and a year later was moved to its current position, first on the away shirt.


Premise: How are things in statistical mechanics?

Hypothesis: But in statistical mechanics things get more complicated.


Premise: What does Article Three give federal agencies?

Hypothesis: Unlike the situation with the states, there is no plenary reception statute at the federal level that continued the common law and thereby granted federal courts the power to formulate legal precedent like their English predecessors.


Premise: During what time period did Homer write the Iliad and the Odyssey?

Hypothesis: At the beginning of Greek literature stand the two monumental works of Homer: the Iliad and the Odyssey.


Premise: What kind of sound did students seem to prefer?

Hypothesis: A test given to new students by Stanford University Music Professor Jonathan Berger showed that student preference for MP3-quality music has risen each year.


Premise: In the 1970s, what did monaterism turn into?

Hypothesis: Monetarism focuses on using the supply and demand of money as a method for controlling economic activity.


Premise: What competing city was next in line if Lawrence would have been unable to meet the requirements necessary to get KU built in its city?

Hypothesis: If Lawrence failed to meet these conditions, Emporia instead of Lawrence would get the university.


Premise: When did a victor emerge in World War I?

Hypothesis: The outbreak of World War I in 1914 was precipitated by the rise of nationalism in Southeastern Europe as the Great Powers took up sides.


Premise: When was the Consumer Preview set to expire?

Hypothesis: Like the Developer Preview, the Consumer Preview expired on January 15, 2013.


Premise: What did Liu Shankun do with the pictures he took of collapsed schools?

Hypothesis: Liu had travelled to the Shifang, taken photos of collapsed school buildings, and put them online.


Premise: When was the daily congestion charge in London implemented?

Hypothesis: With a few exceptions, motorists are required to pay £10 per day to drive within a defined zone encompassing much of central London.


Premise: What value of a capacitor is varied when vibration moves the conducting plates?

Hypothesis: In the reverse microphonic effect, the varying electric field between the capacitor plates exerts a physical force, moving them as a speaker.


Premise: What did the potato blight cause Victoria to be called?

Hypothesis: The story that she donated only £5 in aid to the Irish, and on the same day gave the same amount to Battersea Dogs Home, was a myth generated towards the end of the 19th century.


Premise: what did knights of the turntable release in 1984?

Hypothesis: Atkins, a former member of Cybotron, released Model 500 "No UFOs" in 1985, which became a regional hit, followed by dozens of tracks on Transmat, Metroplex and Fragile.


Premise: What living thing did Bell use in his research?

Hypothesis: Intrigued by the results of the automaton, Bell continued to experiment with a live subject, the family's Skye Terrier, "Trouve".


Premise: Who ruled the Emirate of Armenia?

Hypothesis: After the Marzpanate period (428–636), Armenia emerged as the Emirate of Armenia, an autonomous principality within the Arabic Empire, reuniting Armenian lands previously taken by the Byzantine Empire as well.


Premise: What is the action of food being moved into the stomach?

Hypothesis: In the stomach further release of enzymes break down the food further and this is combined with the churning action of the stomach.


Premise: What is the occupation of Sami Hajjar?

Hypothesis: He described his approach to economics as "Islamic socialism", although biographers Blundy and Lycett noted that Gaddafi's socialism had a "curiously Marxist undertone", with political scientist Sami Hajjar arguing that Gaddafi's model of socialism offered a simplification of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' theories.


Premise: How many are non-printing control characters?

Hypothesis: ASCII includes definitions for 128 characters: 33 are non-printing control characters (many now obsolete) that affect how text and space are processed and 95 printable characters, including the space (which is considered an invisible graphic:223).


Premise: What is the name of the concept that has replaced the food pyramid?

Hypothesis: Dietary and physical activity guidelines from the USDA are presented in the concept of MyPlate, which superseded the food pyramid, which replaced the Four Food Groups.


Premise: In 1880 what was used intraveniously for asthma?

Hypothesis: Epinephrine was first referred to in the treatment of asthma in 1905.


Premise: Where did Victoria visit instead of Spain during the Boer war?

Hypothesis: By April 1900, the Boer War was so unpopular in mainland Europe that her annual trip to France seemed inadvisable.


Premise: Why was Frederick's defeat of Daun so costly?

Hypothesis: In the Battle of Liegnitz Frederick scored a strong victory despite being outnumbered three to one.


Premise: What melon is Iran a Top 5 producer in the world in 2012?

Hypothesis: Iran has leading manufacturing industries in the fields of car-manufacture and transportation, construction materials, home appliances, food and agricultural goods, armaments, pharmaceuticals, information technology, power and petrochemicals in the Middle East.


Premise: What is the date of the Battle of Britain Day?

Hypothesis: The British pilot became a King's Messenger after the war, and died at the age of 90 in 2005.


Premise: Who swore in the first President of Namibia?

Hypothesis: Walvis Bay was ceded to Namibia in 1994 upon the end of Apartheid in South Africa.[citation needed]


Premise: How often do citizens need to get their cars examined?

Hypothesis: The government also instituted industrial technology improvements, a strict biannual vehicle emission inspection and the reformulation of gasoline and diesel fuels.


Premise: What is the level of copper in the human body?

Hypothesis: Copper transport here involves the protein ceruloplasmin, which carries the majority of copper in blood.


Premise: What can cause sudden disc degradation?

Hypothesis: Over time, the dye's physical characteristics may change causing read errors and data loss until the reading device cannot recover with error correction methods.


Premise: What emperor forced the Germanic tribes to the east side of the Rhine?

Hypothesis: Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany.


Premise: Over what does the AVL  make rules governing?

Hypothesis: The AVL, created by the Valencian parliament, is in charge of dictating the official rules governing the use of Valencian, and its standard is based on the Norms of Castelló (Normes de Castelló).


Premise: What was the first battle of the Mexican Independence war called?

Hypothesis: The "Grito" was the battle cry of the Mexican War of Independence by Miguel Hidalgo


Premise: Who was Virgil's editor?

Hypothesis: Although the commentaries no doubt record much factual information about Virgil, some of their evidence can be shown to rely on inferences made from his poetry and allegorizing; thus, Virgil's biographical tradition remains problematic.


Premise: Which month is the hottest in Valencia?

Hypothesis: The January average is comparable to temperatures expected for May and September in the major cities of northern Europe.


Premise: When did the attack on Pearl Harbor occur?

Hypothesis: China also joined the Allies, as eventually did most of the rest of the world.


Premise: Where was the first radio license granted?

Hypothesis: The first experimental radio license was issued in Philadelphia in August 1912 to St. Joseph's College.


Premise: How is the stimulus interpreted by the mind?

Hypothesis: This theory is supported by experiments in which by manipulating the bodily state induces a desired emotional state.


Premise: What was Sanskrit used for?

Hypothesis: However, there is a clear, five-level linguistic development of Vedic from the Rigveda to the language of the Upanishads and the earliest sutras such as the Baudhayana sutras.


Premise: What rank within India was HITEC City given by the World Bank Group in 2009?

Hypothesis: As of 2010[update], the city manufactured one third of India's bulk drugs and 16% of biotechnology products, contributing to its reputation as "India's pharmaceutical capital" and the "Genome Valley of India".


Premise: Who invaded the countries of Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia?

Hypothesis: In mid-June 1940, when international attention was focused on the German invasion of France, Soviet NKVD troops raided border posts in Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia.


Premise: Who was the 1979 NL Rookie of the Year pitcher?

Hypothesis: Joe Carter (who was with the Triple-A Iowa Cubs at the time) and center fielder Mel Hall were sent to Cleveland for Sutcliffe and back-up catcher Ron Hassey (.333 with Cubs in 1984).


Premise: What did the Swingle Singers primarily use to emulate musical instruments?

Hypothesis: The Swingle Singers used nonsense words to sound like instruments, but have been known to produce non-verbal versions of musical instruments.


Premise: When was the Second Punic war?

Hypothesis: On the occasion of a pestilence in the 430s BCE, Apollo's first temple at Rome was established in the Flaminian fields, replacing an older cult site there known as the "Apollinare".


Premise: What did Jedlik's improved device eliminate the need for?

Hypothesis: After Jedlik solved the technical problems of the continuous rotation with the invention of the commutator, he called his early devices "electromagnetic self-rotors".


Premise: Other than CD parameters, what else can be used as parameter references?

Hypothesis: Compression ratios with this latter reference are higher, which demonstrates the problem with use of the term compression ratio for lossy encoders.


Premise: What did Jefferson's concept of 'separation of church and state" became part of what jurisprudence?

Hypothesis: Jefferson's concept of "separation of church and state" first became a part of Establishment Clause jurisprudence in Reynolds v. U.S., 98 U.S. 145 (1878).


Premise: Other than the Roman Catholic Church, which church holds the doctrine of the Assumption to be true?

Hypothesis: In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Assumption of the Virgin Mary is believed, and celebrated with her Dormition, where they believe she died.


Premise: What are the festivities known as in Ambato?

Hypothesis: In Azogues and the Southern Andes in general, Taita Carnival is always an indigenous Cañari.


Premise: Regarding the monastic rules, the Buddha reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that what?

Hypothesis: In this sense, living life as the vinaya prescribes it is, as one scholar puts it: "more than merely a means to an end: it is very nearly the end in itself."


Premise: When did the Nama-Herero war begin?

Hypothesis: The dry lands of Namibia were inhabited since early times by San, Damara, Nama and, since about the 14th century AD, by immigrating Bantu who came with the Bantu expansion from central Africa.


Premise: How many units of the GameCube version of Twilight Princess had been purchased by the end of March 2007?

Hypothesis: During its first week, the game was sold with three of every four Wii purchases.


Premise: How many Australian divisions steamed from the Mid-East for Singapore?

Hypothesis: Two battle-hardened Australian divisions were steaming from the Mid-East for Singapore.


Premise: What two cities have a population over 50,000?

Hypothesis: Montana has one city, Billings, with a population over 100,000; and two cities with populations over 50,000, Missoula and Great Falls.


Premise: What is the name of the mosque under construction in Minneapolis?

Hypothesis: The purpose of these events is usually to raise money for new schools or universities in Somalia, to help Somalis that have suffered as a consequence of floods and/or droughts, or to gather funds for the creation of new mosques like the Abuubakar-As-Saddique Mosque, which is currently undergoing construction in the Twin cities.


Premise: Who experimented with creating winners without requiring penalty shootouts?

Hypothesis: These involved rules ending a game in extra time early, either when the first goal in extra time was scored (golden goal), or if one team held a lead at the end of the first period of extra time (silver goal).


Premise: What former private home hosts lake-side classical music concerts ever summer?

Hypothesis: Hampstead Heath incorporates Kenwood House, the former stately home and a popular location in the summer months where classical musical concerts are held by the lake, attracting thousands of people every weekend to enjoy the music, scenery and fireworks.


Premise: What band did Johnny Rotten form after the Sex Pistols?

Hypothesis: Weeks after ending the Sex Pistols, Lydon formed the experimental group Public Image Ltd and declared the project to be "anti music of any kind".


Premise: WHen did they find the polish kingdom?

Hypothesis: The szlachta traced their descent from Lech/Lekh, who probably founded the Polish kingdom in about the fifth century.:482 Lechia was the name of Poland in antiquity, and the szlachta's own name for themselves was Lechici/Lekhi.:482


Premise: What school has won the most national debate championships?

Hypothesis: Kansas trails only Northwestern (13), Dartmouth (6), and Harvard (6) for most tournaments won.


Premise: What was the name of the font used prior to the release of the iPod Mini?

Hypothesis: In 2007, Apple modified the iPod interface again with the introduction of the sixth-generation iPod Classic and third-generation iPod Nano by changing the font to Helvetica and, in most cases, splitting the screen in half by displaying the menus on the left and album artwork, photos, or videos on the right (whichever was appropriate for the selected item).


Premise: What sorts of telescopes completely avoid water vapor in Earth's atmosphere?

Hypothesis: The sensitivity of Earth-based infrared telescopes is significantly limited by water vapor in the atmosphere, which absorbs a portion of the infrared radiation arriving from space outside of selected atmospheric windows.


Premise: How many barrels of oil does Prudhoe Bay produce per day?

Hypothesis: Prudhoe Bay was the largest conventional oil field ever discovered in North America, but was much smaller than Canada's enormous Athabasca oil sands field, which by 2014 was producing about 1,500,000 barrels per day (240,000 m3/d) of unconventional oil, and had hundreds of years of producible reserves at that rate.


Premise: When did Dell fall behind Lenovo?

Hypothesis: Dell and fellow American contemporary Hewlett Packard came under pressure from Asian PC manufacturers Lenovo, Asus, and Acer, all of which had lower production costs and willing to accept lower profit margins.


Premise: What does Alabama law allow judges to do that isn't allowed in other states?

Hypothesis: No other states allow this.


Premise: A Maavanem holds what position in Estonia?

Hypothesis: The county government (Maavalitsus) of each county is led by a county governor (Maavanem), who represents the national government at the regional level.


Premise: A treaty requiring local prosecution by a party for particular crimes is an example of which type of treaty?

Hypothesis: Other treaties may be non-self-executing and require 'implementing legislation'—a change in the domestic law of a state party that will direct or enable it to fulfill treaty obligations.


Premise: What type of structure do woven reinforcements have that cause them to have variation in their electrical parameters?

Hypothesis: Woven reinforcements are cheaper, but the high dielectric constant of glass may not be favorable for many higher-frequency applications.


Premise: Why do Oriental Patriarchs sign this way?

Hypothesis: Oriental Patriarchs who are created Cardinals customarily use "Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis" as their full title, probably because they do not belong to the Roman clergy.


Premise: What problems did AC distribution cause?

Hypothesis: Many railways chose low AC frequencies to overcome these problems.


Premise: What does Bagemihl say a major issue with this terminology is?

Hypothesis: These labels thereby ignore the individual's personal sense of gender identity taking precedence over biological sex, rather than the other way around.


Premise: What event brought many Irish immigrants to the United States?

Hypothesis: There was also extensive immigration from the German provinces, where revolutions had disrupted societies, and Germans comprised another 25% of New York's population by 1860.


Premise: Who are some of the most renowned architects to come from Portugal?

Hypothesis: Modern Portugal has given the world renowned architects like Eduardo Souto de Moura, Álvaro Siza Vieira (both Pritzker Prize winners) and Gonçalo Byrne.


Premise: Where do organisms inherit their genes from?

Hypothesis: Organisms inherit their genes from their parents.


Premise: What was Gorbachev trying to separate?

Hypothesis: Frustrated by the old guard's resistance, Gorbachev embarked on a set of constitutional changes to try to separate party and state, and thereby isolate his conservative Party opponents.


Premise: According to Locke, an absolute ruler is proposed by Hobbes is what?

Hypothesis: Unlike Machiavelli and Hobbes but like Aquinas, Locke would accept Aristotle's dictum that man seeks to be happy in a state of social harmony as a social animal.


Premise: Employment on the island is dominated by what sector?

Hypothesis: Employment is dominated by the public sector, the number of government positions has fallen from 1,142 in 2006 to just over 800 in 2013.


Premise: What three things did the Windows Everywhere campaign emphasize on?

Hypothesis: In May 2013, Microsoft launched a new television campaign for Windows 8 illustrating the capabilities and pricing of Windows 8 tablets in comparison to the iPad, which featured the voice of Siri remarking on the iPad's limitations in a parody of Apple's "Get a Mac" advertisements.


Premise: What was the soul according to Avicenna?

Hypothesis: While he was imprisoned in the castle of Fardajan near Hamadhan, Avicenna wrote his famous "Floating Man" – literally falling man – thought experiment to demonstrate human self-awareness and the substantiality and immateriality of the soul.


Premise: Who argued that the existence of God is an empirical question?

Hypothesis: Another view, advanced by Richard Dawkins, is that the existence of God is an empirical question, on the grounds that "a universe with a god would be a completely different kind of universe from one without, and it would be a scientific difference."


Premise: Who coined the term cells?

Hypothesis: In 1665, using an early microscope, Polymath Robert Hooke discovered cells, a term he coined, in cork, and a short time later in living plant tissue.


Premise: Approximately what percentage of the hard drive-based music player sales does iPod have since 2004?

Hypothesis: During the year from January 2004 to January 2005, the high rate of sales caused its U.S. market share to increase from 31% to 65% and in July 2005, this market share was measured at 74%.


Premise: At what establishment did the Football Association have their first Meeting?

Hypothesis: These ongoing efforts contributed to the formation of The Football Association (The FA) in 1863, which first met on the morning of 26 October 1863 at the Freemasons' Tavern in Great Queen Street, London.


Premise: What business closed in Macau?

Hypothesis: Casinos in Macau closed down.


Premise: Where is Zakria's shrine?

Hypothesis: , urs of Hazrat Shah Jewna at Jhang, urs of Hazrat Mian Mir at Lahore, urs of Baba Farid Ganj Shakar at Pakpattan, urs of Hazrat Bahaudin Zakria at Multan, urs of Sakhi Sarwar Sultan at Dera Ghazi Khan, urs of Shah Hussain at Lahore,


Premise: Who granted Utrecht city rights

Hypothesis: The relations between the bishop, who controlled many lands outside of the city, and the citizens of Utrecht was not always easy.


Premise: What is an antenna designed to have?

Hypothesis: Although an antenna may be designed to have a purely resistive feedpoint impedance (such as a dipole 97% of a half wavelength long) this might not be exactly true at the frequency that it is eventually used at.


Premise: What gospel/R&B-influenced group released "Time Passes On" in 1993?

Hypothesis: Influential gospel/R&B-influenced Aly-us released "Time Passes On" in 1993 (Strictly Rhythm), then later, "Follow Me" which received radio airplay as well as being played in clubs.


Premise: The 2008 study related to Napoleon's death found that hair collected from Napoleon's hair as well as that of his family and contemporaries, had arsenic levels approximately how many times higher than current averages?

Hypothesis: In a 2008 study, researchers analysed samples of Napoleon's hair from throughout his life, as well as samples from his family and other contemporaries.


Premise: Why was Back to the Future released with analog sound?

Hypothesis: There are not any known uses of this format on the consumer market.


Premise: With what action did the Qin bring together the Chinese Warring States?

Hypothesis: Two former rebel leaders, Xiang Yu (d. 202 BC) of Chu and Liu Bang (d. 195 BC) of Han, engaged in a war to decide who would become hegemon of China, which had fissured into 18 kingdoms, each claiming allegiance to either Xiang Yu or Liu Bang.


Premise: How many urban districts are in Bremen?

Hypothesis: The state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen consists of two urban districts, while Berlin and Hamburg are states and urban districts at the same time.


Premise: What did Beyoncé's mother own when Beyoncé was a child?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé Giselle Knowles was born in Houston, Texas, to Celestine Ann "Tina" Knowles (née Beyincé), a hairdresser and salon owner, and Mathew Knowles, a Xerox sales manager.


Premise: By July of 1940 how many guns were deployed in Britain?

Hypothesis: In July 1940, only 1,200 heavy and 549 light guns were deployed in the whole of Britain.


Premise: What patterns are present on the mosaic at the synagogue in Eshtemoa?

Hypothesis: It includes the names of the signs of the zodiac and important figures from the Jewish past but not their images suggesting that it served a rather conservative community.


Premise: On what day did the Kanye's famous George W. Bush criticism take place?

Hypothesis: When West was presenting alongside actor Mike Myers, he deviated from the prepared script to criticize the media's portrayal of hurricane victims, saying:


Premise: On what date was the rebuilding of The Main Building begun at Notre Dame after the fire that claimed the previous?

Hypothesis: Construction was started on the 17th of May and by the incredible zeal of administrator and workers the building was completed before the fall semester of 1879.


Premise: In what cardinal direction is Crownhill Fort located outside the city?

Hypothesis: It is owned by the Landmark Trust and is open to the public.


Premise: Why did Squeeze LDs have a very limited market?

Hypothesis: This same procedure was used for anamorphic DVDs, but unlike all DVD players, very few LD players had the ability to unsqueeze the image for 4:3 sets, and very few if any 4:3 sets could be set to play them properly either.


Premise: What month is the warmest in Seattle?

Hypothesis: The average window for freezing temperatures is November 16 thru March 10, allowing a growing season of 250 days.


Premise: What is Punjab's biggest festival?

Hypothesis: The national horse and cattle show at Lahore is the biggest festival where sports, exhibitions, and livestock competitions are held.


Premise: How were free persons listed in the US census prior to 1850?

Hypothesis: The 1850 census saw a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected.


Premise: Which continent contains Tibet?

Hypothesis: Tibet (i/tᵻˈbɛt/; Wylie: Bod, pronounced [pʰø̀ʔ]; Chinese: 西藏; pinyin: Xīzàng) is a region on the Tibetan Plateau in Asia.


Premise: Himachal is?

Hypothesis: It is a multireligional, multicultural as well as multilingual state like other Indian states.


Premise: What ties did the FBI believe civil rights leaders had?

Hypothesis: During the 1950s and 1960s, FBI officials became increasingly concerned about the influence of civil rights leaders, whom they believed had communist ties or were unduly influenced by them.


Premise: How recently were voluntary standards of pesticide regulation updated?

Hypothesis: To deal with inconsistencies in regulations among countries, delegates to a conference of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization adopted an International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides in 1985 to create voluntary standards of pesticide regulation for different countries.


Premise: What principle is it based on?

Hypothesis: It is based on the principle of stare decisis (precedent) and is an adversarial system, where the parties in the suit bring evidence before the court.


Premise: Along with spinning, what income-producing work did peasant women engage in?

Hypothesis: Townswomen, like peasant women, were responsible for the household, and could also engage in trade.


Premise: How much were students charged per week?

Hypothesis: With the help of an assistant teacher, Mrs. Farley, Raymond was responsible for teaching 50 to 60 students each day out of the 81 students enrolled at the school.


Premise: In the United States, what units are used when stating the measurements of paper thickness?

Hypothesis: Paper may be between 0.07 and 0.18 millimetres (0.0028 and 0.0071 in) thick.


Premise: The earliest form of drama we know of was part of what culture?

Hypothesis: War of the Worlds (radio) in 1938 saw the advent of literature written for radio broadcast, and many works of Drama have been adapted for film or television.


Premise: What faction was fighting against the remaining Bozize loyalists?

Hypothesis: Michel Djotodia took over as president and in May 2013 Central African Republic's Prime Minister Nicolas Tiangaye requested a UN peacekeeping force from the UN Security Council and on 31 May former President Bozizé was indicted for crimes against humanity and incitement of genocide.


Premise: What creates wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones?

Hypothesis: The latent heat of water condensation amplifies convection, producing atmospheric phenomena such as wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones.


Premise: The bridge made with steel-wire is which in NYC?

Hypothesis: This bridge was also the longest suspension bridge in the world from its opening until 1903, and is the first steel-wire suspension bridge.


Premise: What is the range for the length of fields for non international matches in meters?

Hypothesis: The length of the pitch for international adult matches is in the range of 100–110 m (110–120 yd) and the width is in the range of 64–75 m (70–80 yd).


Premise: Who uses a Valencian standard separate from Catalan?

Hypothesis: A minority of Valencian scholars active in fields other than linguistics defends the position of the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV), which uses for Valencian a standard independent from Catalan.


Premise: Where is the Detroit Zoo?

Hypothesis: Important history of America and the Detroit area are exhibited at The Henry Ford in Dearborn, the United States' largest indoor-outdoor museum complex.


Premise: What do most universities teaching liberal arts have?

Hypothesis: These are not new; however, the erection of these into "centres" of national and international interest in the second half of the 20th century have created larger databases not available to the scholars of the past.


Premise: What does clothing protect from things which may injure it?

Hypothesis: Clothing protects against many things that might injure the uncovered human body.


Premise: What longitudes does Iran lie between?

Hypothesis: Iran lies between latitudes 24° and 40° N, and longitudes 44° and 64° E. Its borders are with Azerbaijan (611 km or 380 mi, with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave, 179 km or 111 mi) and Armenia (35 km or 22 mi) to the north-west; the Caspian Sea to the north; Turkmenistan (992 km or 616 mi) to the north-east; Pakistan (909 km or 565 mi) and Afghanistan (936 km or 582 mi) to the east; Turkey (499 km or 310 mi) and Iraq (1,458 km or 906 mi) to the west; and finally the waters of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to the south.


Premise: What were the Genesis's advantages over the NES?

Hypothesis: Nintendo executives were in no rush to design a new system, but they reconsidered when they began to see their dominance in the market slipping.


Premise: Who calculated the Global Value Development Index?

Hypothesis: In a factor analysis of the latest wave of World Values Survey data, Arno Tausch (Corvinus University of Budapest) found that Protestantism emerges to be very close to combining religion and the traditions of liberalism.


Premise: What form do measurement attempt trade-offs for quanta take the form of?

Hypothesis: The either-or nature of uncertainty forces measurement attempts to choose between trade offs, and given that they are quanta, the trade offs often take the form of either-or (as in Fourier analysis), rather than the compromises and gray areas of time series analysis.


Premise: What political theory fascinated Nasser?

Hypothesis: Nasser was greatly influenced by Egyptian nationalism, as espoused by politician Mustafa Kamel, poet Ahmed Shawqi, and his anti-colonialist instructor at the Royal Military Academy, Aziz al-Masri, to whom Nasser expressed his gratitude in a 1961 newspaper interview.


Premise: What percentage of households in Atlantic City had children under the age of 18 living with them?

Hypothesis: 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.


Premise: When did Egyptians start to make red pigment?

Hypothesis: The Egyptians used the root of the rubia, or madder plant, to make a dye, later known as alizarin, and also used it to color white power to use as a pigment, which became known as madder lake, alizarin or alizarin crimson.


Premise: Sometimes uncountable nouns in Dutch get a diminutive ending to make them refer to what, like an ice cream cone?

Hypothesis: A diminutive can sometimes be added to an uncountable noun to refer to a single portion: ijs (ice, ice cream) → ijsje (ice cream treat, cone of ice cream), bier (beer) → biertje.


Premise: What was Spielberg's future wife's career?

Hypothesis: Teaming up once again with Lucas and Ford, the film was plagued with uncertainty for the material and script.


Premise: Are there any more changes coming to the map

Hypothesis: There are likely to be additional challenges to the map and districts.


Premise: Where can one enjoy a performance directed by Christopher Ashley?

Hypothesis: The La Jolla Playhouse at UCSD is directed by Christopher Ashley.


Premise: In what century was Eisenhower born?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower was the only general to serve as President in the 20th century and the most recent President to have never held elected office prior to the Presidency (The other Presidents who did not have prior elected office were Zachary Taylor, Ulysses S. Grant, William Howard Taft and Herbert Hoover).


Premise: Along with Nepali, Indian and Chinese cuisines, what cuisine has been a focus of Kathmandu restaurants?

Hypothesis: A large number of restaurants in Kathmandu have since opened, catering Nepali cuisine, Tibetan cuisine, Chinese cuisine and Indian cuisine in particular.