Premise: When did the Babylonian exile end?

Hypothesis: The Babylonian exile ended in 539 BCE when the Achaemenid Empire conquered Babylon and Cyrus the Great allowed the exiled Jews to return to Yehud and rebuild their Temple.


Premise: Calculating molar volume requires knowledge of what two factors?

Hypothesis: The principle behind the method is to determine NA as the ratio between the volume of the unit cell of a crystal, measured by X-ray crystallography, and the molar volume of the substance.


Premise: Where did Russian explorers first reach North America?

Hypothesis: The language was first introduced in North America when Russian explorers voyaged into Alaska and claimed it for Russia during the 1700s.


Premise: According to some, what is the rule of law is formed to protect?

Hypothesis: Some believe that democracy is part of the rule of law.


Premise: Which type of iPod car integration product is illegal in certain countries?

Hypothesis: Many car manufacturers have added audio input jacks as standard.


Premise: When was the Marzpanate era?

Hypothesis: After the Marzpanate period (428–636), Armenia emerged as the Emirate of Armenia, an autonomous principality within the Arabic Empire, reuniting Armenian lands previously taken by the Byzantine Empire as well.


Premise: When was the Macintosh Portable first released?

Hypothesis: It was not long until Apple released their first portable computer, the Macintosh Portable in 1989.


Premise: What was the record high for the TED spread on October 10, 2008?

Hypothesis: The TED spread, an indicator of perceived credit risk in the general economy, spiked up in July 2007, remained volatile for a year, then spiked even higher in September 2008, reaching a record 4.65% on October 10, 2008.


Premise: Because of a dog's resourcefulness to people, they have been given what nickname?

Hypothesis: This impact on human society has given them the nickname "man's best friend" in the Western world.


Premise: Who is protected by EPA regulations?

Hypothesis: In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for regulating pesticides under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA).


Premise: Who was the European partner of the Iroquois?

Hypothesis: The Iroquois, dominant in what is now Upstate New York, sided with the British but did not play a large role in the war.


Premise: In the middle o what century did the Kushan empire begin?

Hypothesis: They came of an Indo-European language speaking Central Asian tribe called the Yuezhi, a branch of which was known as the Kushans.


Premise: What was in the packages Darwin received from Wallace?

Hypothesis: It enclosed twenty pages describing an evolutionary mechanism, a response to Darwin's recent encouragement, with a request to send it on to Lyell if Darwin thought it worthwhile.


Premise: When was the City and Guilds College founded?

Hypothesis: City and Guilds College was founded in 1876 from a meeting of 16 of the City of London's livery companies for the Advancement of Technical Education (CGLI), which aimed to improve the training of craftsmen, technicians, technologists, and engineers.


Premise: What PlayStation 3 feature did Home Theater Magazine most like about PS3?

Hypothesis: In addition, both Home Theater Magazine and Ultimate AV have given the system's Blu-ray playback very favorable reviews, stating that the quality of playback exceeds that of many current standalone Blu-ray Disc players.


Premise: What is used by Mahayana followers to name the early schools?

Hypothesis: Hinayana (literally "lesser vehicle") is used by Mahayana followers to name the family of early philosophical schools and traditions from which contemporary Theravada emerged, but as this term is rooted in the Mahayana viewpoint and can be considered derogatory, a variety of other terms are increasingly used instead, including Śrāvakayāna, Nikaya Buddhism, early Buddhist schools, sectarian Buddhism, conservative Buddhism, mainstream Buddhism and non-Mahayana Buddhism.


Premise: What was Jayapala's response to the indemnity payment?

Hypothesis: Jayapala defaulted on the payment and took to the battlefield once more.


Premise: What were the names given to zinc by early alchemists?

Hypothesis: Alchemists burned zinc in air to form what they called "philosopher's wool" or "white snow".


Premise: What is mainly used for transportation in Seattle?

Hypothesis: Seattle has the 8th worst traffic congestion of all American cities, and is 10th among all North American cities.


Premise: Who was the manager when Everton's second successful era began in 1961?

Hypothesis: Everton's second successful era started when Harry Catterick was made manager in 1961.


Premise: What is an example of a theme pub that caters to people of a certain nationality?

Hypothesis: Examples of theme pubs include sports bars, rock pubs, biker pubs, Goth pubs, strip pubs, gay bars, karaoke bars and Irish pubs.


Premise: Which PC owners could purchase a Windows 8 Pro uprgrade for $14.99?

Hypothesis: As part of a launch promotion, Microsoft offered Windows 8 Pro upgrades at a discounted price of US$39.99 online, or $69.99 for retail box from its launch until January 31, 2013; afterward the Windows 8 price has been $119.99 and the Pro price $199.99.


Premise: Where are leeches' eggs fertilized?

Hypothesis: Leeches' eggs are fertilized in the ovaries, and then transferred to the cocoon.


Premise: New research has clarified that Federalism has how many distinct forms?

Hypothesis: New research, however, argues that this cannot be correct, as dividing sovereignty - when this concept is properly understood in its core meaning of the final and absolute source of political authority in a political community - is not possible.


Premise: What did the Dartford nunnery have in common with the priory of Poissy?

Hypothesis: As heirs of the Dominican priory of Poissy in France, the Dartford sisters were also heirs to a tradition of profound learning and piety.


Premise: At what venue did the test game occur?

Hypothesis: Interest was high enough following the initial test game that Foster decided to put on a second, "showcase", game.


Premise: What is the oldest football club in Canada?

Hypothesis: The game gradually gained a following, with the Hamilton Football Club formed on November 3, 1869, (the oldest football club in Canada).


Premise: When was Rebel Heart released?

Hypothesis: The dispute started when Rocco decided to continue living at England with Ritchie when the Rebel Heart Tour had visited there, while Madonna wanted him to return with her.


Premise: Who was the Perpendicular style chapel dedicated to?

Hypothesis: Much of the stone came from Caen, in France (Caen stone), the Isle of Portland (Portland stone) and the Loire Valley region of France (tuffeau limestone).[citation needed]


Premise: What are child safety and public library software used to filter?

Hypothesis: Title I of the U.S. DMCA, the WIPO Copyright and Performances and Phonograms Treaties Implementation Act has provisions that prevent persons from "circumvent[ing] a technological measure that effectively controls access to a work".


Premise: How much of Korea was under the control of the United Nations?

Hypothesis: By August, the KPA had pushed back the ROK Army and the Eighth United States Army to the vicinity of Pusan in southeast Korea.


Premise: Edmund Dixon is most famous for what inclusions in his 1854 book on poultry ?

Hypothesis: In his 1848 classic book on poultry, Ornamental and Domestic Poultry: Their History, and Management, Edmund Dixon included chapters on the peafowl, guinea fowl, mute swan, turkey, various types of geese, the muscovy duck, other ducks and all types of chickens including bantams.


Premise: What is a common feature of passive solar architecture?

Hypothesis: Socrates' Megaron House is a classic example of passive solar design.


Premise: Which park interrupts 8th and 9th Street at Avenue B?

Hypothesis: 8th Street between Avenue A and Third Avenue is called St Mark's Place, but it is counted in the length below.


Premise: What word is used to denominate nobility?

Hypothesis: This word to this day is used in Lithuanian language to name nobility, not only for own, but also for nobility of other countries.


Premise: What impacted the ability of financial institutions to lend in the financial crisis of 2007?

Hypothesis: These institutions, as well as certain regulated banks, had also assumed significant debt burdens while providing the loans described above and did not have a financial cushion sufficient to absorb large loan defaults or MBS losses.


Premise: What are three of the largest contributors to the Cyprus economy?

Hypothesis: Tourism, financial services and shipping are significant parts of the economy.


Premise: What is leap frog migration?

Hypothesis: This is an example of leap-frog migration.


Premise: What was the Jewish elite class called?

Hypothesis: Between 301 and 219 BCE the Ptolemies ruled Judea in relative peace, and Jews often found themselves working in the Ptolemaic administration and army, which led to the rise of a Hellenized Jewish elite class (e.g. the Tobiads).


Premise: How old was Truman in 1948?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower was the last president born in the 19th century, and at age 62, was the oldest man elected President since James Buchanan in 1856 (President Truman stood at 64 in 1948 as the incumbent president at the time of his election four years earlier).


Premise: Who wrote, "In other words, AC stations are where pop songs go to die a very long death. Or, to optimists, to get a second life"?

Hypothesis: Or, to optimists, to get a second life."


Premise: The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland includes approximately how many recordings of Chopin's work from Youtube?

Hypothesis: The Institute site also lists nearly 1,500 performances of Chopin works on YouTube as of January 2014.


Premise: What occurance is the greatest factor affecting Bermuda's economy?

Hypothesis: Recently, its economic status has been affected by the global recession.


Premise: What is Tuscon's largest Park?

Hypothesis: Tucson's largest park, Reid Park, is located in midtown and includes Reid Park Zoo and Hi Corbett Field.


Premise: What type of hardware is Secure Blue?

Hypothesis: In 2006, IBM launched Secure Blue, encryption hardware that can be built into microprocessors.


Premise: What did Fleming initially think a good use would be for it?

Hypothesis: Fleming postulated that the effect is mediated by an antibacterial compound he named penicillin, and that its antibacterial properties could be exploited for chemotherapy.


Premise: The initiations are part allegory and part what?

Hypothesis: The initiations are part allegory and part lecture, and revolve around the construction of the Temple of Solomon, and the artistry and death of his chief architect, Hiram Abiff.


Premise: What was protected by high tarriffs?

Hypothesis: With the gold rush largely over by 1860, Melbourne continued to grow on the back of continuing gold mining, as the major port for exporting the agricultural products of Victoria, especially wool, and a developing manufacturing sector protected by high tariffs.


Premise: Why do organisms inherit the characteristics of their parents?

Hypothesis: In asexually reproducing organisms, the offspring will be a genetic copy or clone of the parent organism.


Premise: Where does Valencia's port rank among Spanish ports in terms of total traffic?

Hypothesis: Small and medium-sized industries are an important part of the local economy, and before the current crisis unemployment was lower than the Spanish average.


Premise: Who are the Siddi?

Hypothesis: There was a brief "Black Power" movement in Sindh in the 1960s and many Siddi are proud of and celebrate their African ancestry.


Premise: When was Mick Cornett first elected?

Hypothesis: City Manager Jim Couch was appointed in late 2000.


Premise: What drug in the running to treat multi drug resistant TB has already gotten FDA approval?

Hypothesis: Bedaquiline received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in late 2012.


Premise: How many years before Eisenhower's command had a non-Briton commanded Gibraltar?

Hypothesis: The word "expeditionary" was dropped soon after his appointment for security reasons.


Premise: Who was the earliest missionary to Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: While some islanders were voluntary recruits the "blackbirders" were notorious for enticing islanders on to ships with tricks, such as pretending to be Christian missionaries, as well as kidnapping islanders at gun point.


Premise: Who were the “intelligentia?”

Hypothesis: As the result of this operation in 10 regional actions about 60,000 Polish nobles, teachers, social workers, priests, judges and political activists were killed.


Premise: What was Ivan Meštrović known for being?

Hypothesis: Ivan Meštrović (1883–1962), a renowned sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus, 1955–62.


Premise: The transition zone between east and west is called what?

Hypothesis: There is a transition zone in the middle of the state between the two extremely different climates from the east and west; this zone is the Steppe characterized by a compromise between juxtaposed climate zones.


Premise: How many strata existed in Sumerian society?

Hypothesis: Though women were protected by late Sumerian law and were able to achieve a higher status in Sumer than in other contemporary civilizations, the culture was male-dominated.


Premise: Where did Bell's uncle live?

Hypothesis: Bell's father taught him and his brothers not only to write Visible Speech but to identify any symbol and its accompanying sound.


Premise: While not illegal, an unholy alliance can be more dangerous to the public than what?

Hypothesis: An unholy alliance is a coalition among seemingly antagonistic groups for ad hoc or hidden gain, generally some influential non-governmental group forming ties with political parties, supplying funding in exchange for the favorable treatment.


Premise: Who were the joint consulars considered to be an equal of politically?

Hypothesis: Before the revolution, a king would be elected by the senators for a life term.


Premise: What was the fine given to the three companies?

Hypothesis: Nakamura was awarded the 2006 Millennium Technology Prize for his invention.


Premise: What percentage of students at Qur'anic schools are female?

Hypothesis: A study from 1993 found, among other things, that "unlike in primary schools where gender disparity is enormous, around 40 per cent of Qur'anic school pupils are girls; but the teaching staff have minimum or no qualification necessary to ensure intellectual development of children."


Premise: What do the Jehovah Witnesses believe God will use the kingdom in heaven for?

Hypothesis: Jehovah's Witnesses believe that God's kingdom is a literal government in heaven, ruled by Jesus Christ and 144,000 "spirit-anointed" Christians drawn from the earth, which they associate with Jesus' reference to a "new covenant".


Premise: When did Public Safety Canada unveil Canada's Cyber Security Strategy?

Hypothesis: The Action Plan 2010–2015 for Canada's Cyber Security Strategy outlines the ongoing implementation of the strategy.


Premise: What thesis says a scientific hypothesis is not testable in isolation from its system of theories?

Hypothesis: The Quine-Duhem thesis argues that it's impossible to test a single hypothesis on its own, since each one comes as part of an environment of theories.


Premise: What organization is the Plymouth Borough Police a part of?

Hypothesis: The Plymouth Borough Police, formed in 1836, eventually became part of Devon and Cornwall Constabulary.


Premise: Rather than copying media files directly to it, what software must be used for this purpose so that they are accessible?

Hypothesis: The user must use software that has been specifically designed to transfer media files to iPods, so that the files are playable and viewable.


Premise: Who was the famous astronomer that Avicenna met before he left Khwarezm?

Hypothesis: Aruzi Samarqandi describes how before Avicenna left Khwarezm he had met Al-Biruni (a famous scientist and astronomer), Abu Nasr Iraqi (a renowned mathematician), Abu Sahl Masihi (a respected philosopher) and Abu al-Khayr Khammar (a great physician).


Premise: Where in Sicily were the "Orpheus," and the "Four Seasons" discovered?

Hypothesis: Other important examples of Roman mosaic art in Sicily were unearthed on the Piazza Vittoria in Palermo where two houses were discovered.


Premise: When was the title of cardinal reserved for the cardinals of Rome by Pius V?

Hypothesis: The use of the title was reserved for the cardinals of Rome in 1567 by Pius V.


Premise: Which Prussian linguist called for an anthropology?

Hypothesis: During the Romantic era, scholars in Germany, especially those concerned with nationalist movements—such as the nationalist struggle to create a "Germany" out of diverse principalities, and the nationalist struggles by ethnic minorities against the Austro-Hungarian Empire—developed a more inclusive notion of culture as "worldview" (Weltanschauung).


Premise: What is the term for sincere traditional-style architecture that sticks to regional architecture?

Hypothesis: The Driehaus Architecture Prize is awarded to major contributors in the field of 21st century traditional or classical architecture, and comes with a prize money twice as high as that of the modernist Pritzker Prize.


Premise: Where did the torch event end?

Hypothesis: However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay, with Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng warning government agencies that "hostile forces" may try to disrupt the torch relay.


Premise: On the spectrum of light, where is red found?

Hypothesis: Red is the color at the end of the spectrum of visible light next to orange and opposite violet.


Premise: In what city was the Bell Telephone Memorial constructed?

Hypothesis: Honors and tributes flowed to Bell in increasing numbers as his most famous invention became ubiquitous and his personal fame grew.


Premise: What song did Sanchez release?

Hypothesis: Phillips' "Home" has since become the best selling of all coronation songs.


Premise: Followers what religion were the rulers of the Punjabi Kingdom?

Hypothesis: The Punjabi kingdom, ruled by members of the Sikh religion, was a political entity that governed the region of modern-day Punjab.


Premise: How much in dollars did the Super Famicom cost in Japan?

Hypothesis: Designed by Masayuki Uemura, the designer of the original Famicom, the Super Famicom was released in Japan on Wednesday, November 21, 1990 for ¥25,000 (US$210).


Premise: Who were the Herculoids?

Hypothesis: As hip hop's popularity grew, performers began speaking ("rapping") in sync with the beats, and became known as MCs or emcees.


Premise: Which foreign news service viewed Napoleon as a dangerous tyrant?

Hypothesis: The British Tory press sometimes depicted Napoleon as much smaller than average height, and this image persists.


Premise: What two autonomous regions have their own governments in Portugal?

Hypothesis: It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, being bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east.


Premise: Why does basing sexual orientation on one component cause problems?

Hypothesis: As there is no research indicating which of the three components is essential in defining sexual orientation, all three are used independently and provide different conclusions regarding sexual orientation.


Premise: What famous theatre is located in Georgs Palace?

Hypothesis: Hanover's leading cabaret-stage is the GOP Variety theatre which is located in the Georgs Palace.


Premise: Which competitor caused Nintendo to end its restrictions on game developers?

Hypothesis: During the NES era, Nintendo maintained exclusive control over titles released for the system—the company had to approve every game, each third-party developer could only release up to five games per year (but some third parties got around this by using different names, for example Konami's "Ultra Games" brand), those games could not be released on another console within two years, and Nintendo was the exclusive manufacturer and supplier of NES cartridges.


Premise: What was a political element that satiated the plebeians?

Hypothesis: The Hortensian Law deprived the patricians of their last weapon against the plebeians, and thus resolved the last great political question of the era.


Premise: Who revised the Julian calendar?

Hypothesis: The Gregorian calendar was a reform of the Julian calendar instituted in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by papal bull Inter gravissimas dated 24 February 1582.


Premise: What are non-intense feelings that lack a contextual stimulus called?

Hypothesis: Moods are feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that often lack a contextual stimulus.


Premise: What company office did Bell make the original cross country phone call from?

Hypothesis: Calling from the AT&T head office at 15 Dey Street in New York City, Bell was heard by Thomas Watson at 333 Grant Avenue in San Francisco.


Premise: What was the average high end hard drive size?

Hypothesis: Because of the relatively small hard drives back in that time (~ 500–1000 MB) lossy compression was essential to store non-instrument based (see tracker and MIDI) music for playback on computer.


Premise: What is another name for the Treaty of Balta Liman?

Hypothesis: The Anglo-Ottoman Treaty, also known as the Treaty of Balta Liman that opened the Ottoman markets directly to English and French competitors, would be seen as one of the staging posts along this development.


Premise: What countries share similar levels of GDP with Estonia?

Hypothesis: The GDP (PPP) per capita of the country, a good indicator of wealth, was in 2015 $28,781 according to the IMF, between that of Slovak Republic and Lithuania, but below that of other long-time EU members such as Italy or Spain.


Premise: In what year did Sven-Göran Eriksson become the manager of England's football team?

Hypothesis: Sven-Göran Eriksson took charge of the team between 2001 and 2006, and was the first non–English manager of England.


Premise: What did the foundation announce in November 2014

Hypothesis: In November 2014, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation announced that they are adopting an open access (OA) policy for publications and data, "to enable the unrestricted access and reuse of all peer-reviewed published research funded by the foundation, including any underlying data sets".


Premise: What does EAPC stand for?

Hypothesis: Armenia also had 46 members of its military peacekeeping forces as a part of the Coalition Forces in Iraq War until October 2008.


Premise: How long did the new Russian Soviet state go unrecognized by other countries?

Hypothesis: Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution.


Premise: Who was the commander of the Continental Army?

Hypothesis: The army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military heritage with them.


Premise: LaserDisc was the first format to provide what type of releases to consumers?

Hypothesis: The disc provided interviews, commentary tracks, documentaries, still photographs, and other features for historians and collectors.


Premise: What was the rate that the GDP expanded?

Hypothesis: Tajikistan's economy grew substantially after the war.


Premise: Who was referenced as prime minister in a negative manner when the term was first used in its modern sense?

Hypothesis: The term prime minister in the sense that we know it originated in the 18th century in the United Kingdom when members of parliament disparagingly used the title in reference to Sir Robert Walpole.


Premise: Where were surface-to-air missiles first developed?

Hypothesis: Artillery weapons of this sort have for the most part been superseded by the effective surface-to-air missile systems that were introduced in the 1950s, although they were still retained by many nations.


Premise: Since when has the St Helena Independent been published?

Hypothesis: The St Helena Independent has been published since November 2005.


Premise: To whom was Eclogue 4 addressed to?

Hypothesis: Eclogue 4, addressed to Asinius Pollio, the so-called "Messianic Eclogue" uses the imagery of the golden age in connection with the birth of a child (who the child was meant to be has been subject to debate).


Premise: What is another name for solutes?

Hypothesis: The secondary constituents are often called solutes.


Premise: Who contributed heavily to the effort to standardize Czech orthography?

Hypothesis: Bohemia (as Czech civilization was known by then) increased in power over the centuries, as its language did in regional importance.


Premise: How many works are in the Bronx Museum of the Arts' permanent collection?

Hypothesis: Its permanent collection features more than 800 works of art, primarily by artists from Africa, Asia and Latin America, including paintings, photographs, prints, drawings, and mixed media.


Premise: What is the common application of GaAs?

Hypothesis: Because the electron mobility is higher than the hole mobility for all semiconductor materials, a given bipolar n–p–n transistor tends to be swifter than an equivalent p–n–p transistor.


Premise: Under which mountains are the railway tunnels being built for the Alp-Transit project?

Hypothesis: The building of new railway base tunnels through the Alps is under way to reduce the time of travel between north and south through the AlpTransit project.


Premise: What might a tribunal or an arbiter be asked to determine regarding a breach of a treaty?

Hypothesis: An advantage of such an arbiter is that it prevents a party from prematurely and perhaps wrongfully suspending or terminating its own obligations due to another's alleged material breach.


Premise: Approximately how many days in a given year will London experience temperatures above 25 degrees Celsius (or 77 degrees Farenheit?

Hypothesis: During the 2003 European heat wave there were 14 consecutive days above 30 °C (86.0 °F) and 2 consecutive days where temperatures reached 38 °C (100.4 °F), leading to hundreds of heat related deaths.


Premise: Where can quails typically be found in the wild?

Hypothesis: In its natural environment, it is found in bushy places, in rough grassland, among agricultural crops, and in other places with dense cover.


Premise: Who showed examples of early semi-cursive script?

Hypothesis: By the late Eastern Han period, an early form of semi-cursive script appeared, developing out of a cursively written form of neo-clerical script[c] and simple cursive.


Premise: What theory did the Egyptians use to build rectilinear structures?

Hypothesis: The Edwin Smith papyrus is one of the first medical documents still extant, and perhaps the earliest document that attempts to describe and analyse the brain: it might be seen as the very beginnings of modern neuroscience.


Premise: The first woman to launch into space was on what date?

Hypothesis: This time they launched the first woman (also the first civilian), Valentina Tereshkova, into space on Vostok 6.


Premise: What are some of the animals in Annelida?

Hypothesis: The former, which is the second-largest animal phylum by number of described species, includes animals such as snails, clams, and squids, and the latter comprises the segmented worms, such as earthworms and leeches.


Premise: What had Kerry expected the 'swift boats' to do?

Hypothesis: They were engaged in coastal patrolling and that's what I thought I was going to be doing."


Premise: What was the name of the Mau leader who was of Samoan and Swedish descent?

Hypothesis: In accordance with the Mau's non-violent philosophy, the newly elected leader, High Chief Tupua Tamasese Lealofi, led his fellow uniformed Mau in a peaceful demonstration in downtown Apia on 28 December 1929.


Premise: How long is the amount of railway lines that are electrified?

Hypothesis: The railway network is managed by the REFER while the transport of passengers and goods are the responsibility of Comboios de Portugal (CP), both public companies.


Premise: According to Hayek, people are free to do what within the rule of law?

Hypothesis: The economist F. A. Hayek analyzed how the Rule of Law might be beneficial to the free market.


Premise: Who ranked BYU's Marriott School of Mangement as No. 5 for it's undergrad programs in 2009?

Hypothesis: In 2009, the university's Marriott School of Management received a No. 5 ranking by BusinessWeek for its undergraduate programs, and its MBA program was ranked by several sources: No. 22 ranking by BusinessWeek, No. 16 by Forbes, and No. 29 by U.S. News & World Report.


Premise: In what year was CTR created?

Hypothesis: CTR was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924, a name which Thomas J. Watson first used for a CTR Canadian subsidiary.


Premise: What percentage of the population continues to hold indigenous beliefs?

Hypothesis: Approximately 10% of the country's population belong to the Christian community, and 40% continue to hold Indigenous beliefs.


Premise: What country fell providing with more information on Canada's army size?

Hypothesis: Conscription for overseas service was introduced only near the end of the war, and only 2,400 conscripts actually made it into battle.


Premise: Who had the right to grant powers to a magistrate?

Hypothesis: Magistrates also had both the power and the duty to look for omens.


Premise: What country did the mandolin originate from?

Hypothesis: A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mandoˈliːno]; literally "small mandola") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick".


Premise: In addition to the final, signed treaty what else might arbiters review to establish the meaning of a treaty in context?

Hypothesis: To establish the meaning in context, these judicial bodies may review the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of the treaty as well as the final, signed treaty itself.


Premise: How much did the Department of Transportation give to Richmond for its Rapid Transit System?

Hypothesis: Most other connections to Megabus served cites, such as New York, can be made from Washington, D.C. Richmond, and the surrounding metropolitan area, was granted[when?]


Premise: Has the final been played by a two clubs outside of the top divisions?

Hypothesis: With the exception of Tottenham, these clubs were all playing in the second tier (the old Second Division) - Tottenham were playing in the Southern League and were only elected to the Football League in 1908, meaning they are the only non-league winners of the FA Cup.


Premise: The Emishi were defeated in what year?

Hypothesis: By 801 the shogun had defeated the Emishi and had extended the imperial domains to the eastern end of Honshū.


Premise: What was the only team to match Barcelona's record of trophy wins by 2015?

Hypothesis: They ended the year with a 3–0 win over Argentine club River Plate in the 2015 FIFA Club World Cup Final on 20 December to win the trophy for a record third time, with Suárez, Messi and Iniesta the top three players of the tournament.


Premise: What is deism?

Hypothesis: Common in Deism is a belief that God has no interest in humanity and may not even be aware of humanity.


Premise: Where are the Armor School and the Infantry School both located?

Hypothesis: Training in the U.S. Army is generally divided into two categories – individual and collective.


Premise: Who was Harper Lee's sister?

Hypothesis: Many writers compare their perceptions of To Kill a Mockingbird as adults with when they first read it as children.


Premise: In what park is the American Airlines Arena located?

Hypothesis: There are over 80 parks and gardens in the city.


Premise: How is the propulsion powered in a climbing elevator?

Hypothesis: A climbing elevator is a self-ascending elevator with its own propulsion.


Premise: where is Beacon Fell County Park located?

Hypothesis: North of the Ribble is Beacon Fell Country Park and the Forest of Bowland, another AONB.


Premise: Who agrees with Margulis' cooperative view of evolution?

Hypothesis: According to Margulis and Dorion Sagan, "Life did not take over the globe by combat, but by networking."


Premise: Which contestant won the season?

Hypothesis: In the May 23 season finale, Jordin Sparks was declared the winner with the runner-up being Blake Lewis.


Premise: How many people were confirmed dead?

Hypothesis: Official figures (as of July 21, 2008 12:00 CST) stated that 69,197 were confirmed dead, including 68,636 in Sichuan province, and 374,176 injured, with 18,222 listed as missing.


Premise: What is the normal snowfall?

Hypothesis: Snowfall is highly variable, with some winters bringing only light snow and others bringing several major snowstorms, with the normal seasonal snowfall standing at 22.4 in (57 cm); snow in November or April is rare, and a sustained snow cover is rare.


Premise: When did Hodgson publish his DNA study?

Hypothesis: (2014), the Afro-Asiatic languages were likely spread across Africa and the Near East by an ancestral population(s) carrying a newly identified non-African genetic component, which the researchers dub the "Ethio-Somali".


Premise: In 1999, who uncovered information that exonerated death row inmate Anthony Porter only 2 days before his scheduled death?

Hypothesis: On January 11, 2003, in a speech at Northwestern School of Law's Lincoln Hall, then Governor of Illinois George Ryan announced that he would commute the sentences of more than 150 death row inmates.


Premise: Who was the architect for St. Elmo?

Hypothesis: Interior moulding is said to have belonged to Benedict Arnold; Manuscript Society, King Lui-Wu with Dan Kniley responsible for landscaping and Josef Albers for the brickwork intaglio mural.


Premise: When did a large number of Lisu people convert to Christianity?

Hypothesis: Beginning in the 20th century, in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan, a large number of Lisu people and some Yi and Nu people converted to Christianity.


Premise: Element used to provide support to the original signal are called?

Hypothesis: Elements used in this way are known as passive elements.


Premise: Insects can damage crops by feeing on sap, fruits, or what?

Hypothesis: Some insects perform complex ecological roles; blow-flies, for example, help consume carrion but also spread diseases.


Premise: What is the governing system of the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: The government of the Marshall Islands operates under a mixed parliamentary-presidential system as set forth in its Constitution.


Premise: How did Alexis de Tocqueville describe the French Revolution?

Hypothesis: Alexis de Tocqueville described the French Revolution as the inevitable result of the radical opposition created in the 18th century between the monarchy and the men of letters of the Enlightenment.


Premise: Geoffrey Chaucer was employed as what?

Hypothesis: Abbey musicians such as Henry Purcell were also buried in their place of work.[citation needed]


Premise: What language is Carduchi thought to have become?

Hypothesis: Such hypothetical Old Iranian languages include Carduchi (the hypothetical predecessor to Kurdish) and Old Parthian.


Premise: The first of several revolutions began when?

Hypothesis: The events in the north spurred the Greeks of the Peloponnese into action and on 17 March 1821 the Maniots declared war on the Ottomans.


Premise: On what date was the office of President of the RSFSR created?

Hypothesis: On March 17, 1991, an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR.


Premise: What color was Apples new iMac, which was introduced in 1998?

Hypothesis: Its translucent plastic case, originally Bondi blue and later various additional colors, is considered an industrial design landmark of the late 1990s.


Premise: What kind of weather event is a recurring problem for Houston?

Hypothesis: The city once relied on groundwater for its needs, but land subsidence forced the city to turn to ground-level water sources such as Lake Houston, Lake Conroe and Lake Livingston.


Premise: What connects the two Oklahoma ports?

Hypothesis: Two inland ports on rivers serve Oklahoma: the Port of Muskogee and the Tulsa Port of Catoosa.


Premise: Who was buried next to William Wilberforce?

Hypothesis: Another was William Wilberforce who led the movement to abolish slavery in the United Kingdom and the Plantations, buried on 3 August 1833.


Premise: Where was Elizabeth I from?

Hypothesis: The East India Company (short for a much longer formal name) was chartered in 1600 for trade to the East Indies.


Premise: Along with individual tributes, what form did TCM Remembers occur in?

Hypothesis: The segments appear in two forms: individual tributes and a longer end-of-year compilation.


Premise: What are all multcellular organisms colonized to some degree by?

Hypothesis: The difference between an infection and a colonization is often only a matter of circumstance. Non-pathogenic organisms can become pathogenic given specific conditions, and even the most virulent organism requires certain circumstances to cause a compromising infection.


Premise: Until what century did the Kabul Shahi dynasties rule the Kabul Valley?

Hypothesis: The Kabul Shahi dynasties ruled the Kabul Valley and Gandhara (modern-day Pakistan and Afghanistan) from the decline of the Kushan Empire in the 3rd century to the early 9th century.


Premise: About how many immigrants from Bangladesh lived in the city in 2013?

Hypothesis: In New York, no single country or region of origin dominates.


Premise: What group boycotted the 1950 elections?

Hypothesis: In the 1950 parliamentary elections, the Wafd Party of el-Nahhas gained a victory—mostly due to the absence of the Muslim Brotherhood, which boycotted the elections—and was perceived as a threat by the Free Officers as the Wafd had campaigned on demands similar to their own.


Premise: What may have been found at Neolithic sites in China in recent decades?

Hypothesis: " They do however demonstrate a history of sign use in the Yellow River valley during the Neolithic through to the Shang period.


Premise: What city in Poland is a sister city to Philadelphia?

Hypothesis: Another landmark, the Toruń Triangle, honoring the sister city relationship with Toruń, Poland, was constructed in 1976, west of the United Way building at 18th Street and the Benjamin Franklin Parkway.


Premise: What sitting Connecticut U.S. senator graduated from Yale University in New Haven?

Hypothesis: Connecticut US senator Richard Blumenthal is a Yale graduate, as is former Connecticut US Senator Joe Lieberman who also was a New Haven resident for many years, before moving back to his hometown of Stamford.


Premise: How many insects use parthenogenesis?

Hypothesis: Some insects use parthenogenesis, a process in which the female can reproduce and give birth without having the eggs fertilized by a male.


Premise: Along with nitric acids, what acids dissolve uranium?

Hypothesis: Uranium in ores is extracted chemically and converted into uranium dioxide or other chemical forms usable in industry.


Premise: What agreement called for the stop of Hostilities?

Hypothesis: The Syrte Agreement in February and the Birao Peace Agreement in April 2007 called for a cessation of hostilities, the billeting of FDPC fighters and their integration with FACA, the liberation of political prisoners, integration of FDPC into government, an amnesty for the UFDR, its recognition as a political party, and the integration of its fighters into the national army.


Premise: What are popular ways that fish are used in Burma ?

Hypothesis: Freshwater fish and shrimp have been incorporated into inland cooking as a primary source of protein and are used in a variety of ways, fresh, salted whole or filleted, salted and dried, made into a salty paste, or fermented sour and pressed.


Premise: When was the next session announced?

Hypothesis: In his journal in 1959 during a spiritual retreat, John XXIII made this remark: "I always think of Pius IX of holy and glorious memory, and by imitating him in his sacrifices, I would like to be worthy to celebrate his canonization".


Premise: Who governed the areas of Tibet and Mongolia?

Hypothesis: In addition to the six boards, there was a Lifan Yuan unique to the Qing government.


Premise: What University gave an iPod to first year students in 2004?

Hypothesis: There has also been academic research done in this area in nursing education and more general K-16 education.


Premise: Which birds migrate?

Hypothesis: Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds.


Premise: Who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia?

Hypothesis: They have acted as bridges for conveying knowledge between cultures; and along with ideas, they have imported from the source languages, into their own languages, loanwords and calques of grammatical structures, idioms and vocabulary.


Premise: What is cotton wool called in the US?

Hypothesis: This can also be a refined product (absorbent cotton in U.S. usage) which has medical, cosmetic and many other practical uses.


Premise: The the Ur III period, what crop had Sumerians switched to from wheat for their primary crop?

Hypothesis: As is known from the "Sumerian Farmer's Almanac", after the flood season and after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu or New Year Festival, using the canals, farmers would flood their fields and then drain the water.


Premise: What are the gametes produced by females called?

Hypothesis: In sexually reproducing organisms, a specialized form of cell division called meiosis produces cells called gametes or germ cells that are haploid, or contain only one copy of each gene.:20.2


Premise: What kind of flights are offered to limited civilians?

Hypothesis: These RAF flights offer a limited number of seats to civilians.


Premise: When was Arsenal originally formed?

Hypothesis: Based on social media activity from 2014–15, Arsenal's fanbase is the fifth largest in the world.


Premise: Which two antibiotics that have high efficacy are much less useful now?

Hypothesis: Under certain conditions, it may result in preferential growth of resistant bacteria, while growth of susceptible bacteria is inhibited by the drug.


Premise: To what was the European Economic Community the precurser?

Hypothesis: The proposal was never accepted and the following year France signed the Treaty of Rome, which established the European Economic Community, the precursor to the European Union.


Premise: What is Raleigh's daily newspaper?

Hypothesis: In 1880, the newspapers News and Observer combined to form The News & Observer.


Premise: Where did the Russians try to resist Napoleon and get defeated?

Hypothesis: A brief attempt at resistance was made at Smolensk in August; the Russians were defeated in a series of battles, and Napoleon resumed his advance.


Premise: The throax has how many sections?

Hypothesis: The thorax is a tagma composed of three sections, the prothorax, mesothorax and the metathorax.


Premise: In what year was the first indigenous Australian elected to the House of Representatives?

Hypothesis: A West Australian Liberal, Ken Wyatt, became the first Indigenous Australian elected to the House of Representatives in 2010.


Premise: What is Longjing tea also called?

Hypothesis: Hangzhou is also renowned for its silk umbrellas and hand fans.


Premise: What are Guinea fowl  also praised for accomplishing for humans?

Hypothesis: They happily roost in trees and give a loud vocal warning of the approach of predators.


Premise: During what period were the appreciation medals minted?

Hypothesis: The medals were struck from September 1958 through October 1960.


Premise: What did a professor at the Peking University say about the handling of the earthquake?

Hypothesis: China's openness during the media coverage of the Sichuan earthquake led a professor at the Peking University to say, “


Premise: What did the Immigration Act's entry permit system include?

Hypothesis: In 1962, Menzies' Commonwealth Electoral Act provided that all Indigenous Australians should have the right to enrol and vote at federal elections (prior to this, indigenous people in Queensland, Western Australia and some in the Northern Territory had been excluded from voting unless they were ex-servicemen).


Premise: Who overshadowed House Speaker Dennis Hastert?

Hypothesis: The most recent exception to this rule came when Majority Leader Tom DeLay generally overshadowed Speaker Dennis Hastert from 2003 to 2006.


Premise: How many of the 12 Swiss universities are maintained at the cantonal level?

Hypothesis: There are 12 universities in Switzerland, ten of which are maintained at cantonal level and usually offer a range of non-technical subjects.


Premise: What percentage of households use solar hot water systems in Israel and Cyprus?

Hypothesis: In the United States, Canada and Australia heating swimming pools is the dominant application of solar hot water with an installed capacity of 18 GWth as of 2005.


Premise: What other cable company was reputed to have an interest in NBCUniversal?

Hypothesis: It was reported that under the current deal with GE that it would happen in November or December.


Premise: Who makes the "Coloured" people feel "Not black enough"?

Hypothesis: Coloured" South Africans are known to discuss their dilemma by saying, "we were not white enough under apartheid, and we are not black enough under the ANC (African National Congress)".[citation needed]


Premise: In Britain, what was the most liked illustrated humor periodical?

Hypothesis: The most popular was Punch, which popularized the term cartoon for its humorous caricatures.


Premise: When is the HD version of Twilight Princess slated for launch?

Hypothesis: A high-definition port for the Wii U, The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD, will be released in March 2016.


Premise: Who succeeded King Farouk?

Hypothesis: Saad Zaghlul was popularly elected as Prime Minister of Egypt in 1924.


Premise: What kind of medal was replaced in 1974?

Hypothesis: If recipients of the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry received promotion within the Order, whether for gallantry or otherwise, they continued to wear also the insignia of the lower grade with the oak leaves.


Premise: What were the Premier League's net profits in 2013-14?

Hypothesis: The Premier League has the highest revenue of any football league in the world, with total club revenues of €2.48 billion in 2009–10.


Premise: A listener can hear how many frequencies at once?

Hypothesis: Whether or not the higher frequencies are integer multiples, they are collectively called the partials, referring to the different parts that make up the total spectrum.


Premise: Where did the protest march start?

Hypothesis: The march originated at the Opera Plaza after speakers, mainly intellectuals, addressed the crowd.


Premise: About how many people work in the New York fashion industry?

Hypothesis: As of 2013, the global advertising agencies of Omnicom Group and Interpublic Group, both based in Manhattan, had combined annual revenues of approximately US$21 billion, reflecting New York City's role as the top global center for the advertising industry, which is metonymously referred to as "Madison Avenue".


Premise: Who helped with the Free Elections?

Hypothesis: After using the excuse of alleged irregularities to suspend the results of the elections as a pretext for holding on to power, President Kolingba came under intense pressure from GIBAFOR to establish a "Conseil National Politique Provisoire de la République" (Provisional National Political Council, CNPPR) and to set up a "Mixed Electoral Commission", which included representatives from all political parties.[citation needed]


Premise: When was the Achaean League formed?

Hypothesis: The Achean league was able to drive out the Macedonians from the Peloponnese and free Corinth, which duly joined the league.


Premise: Who provides the exposure index rating?

Hypothesis: For digital photo cameras ("digital still cameras"), an exposure index (EI) rating—commonly called ISO setting—is specified by the manufacturer such that the sRGB image files produced by the camera will have a lightness similar to what would be obtained with film of the same EI rating at the same exposure.


Premise: What is the format of school for girls and boys?

Hypothesis: Primary education in Arabic and Islamic studies is available to Kerala Muslims almost entirely in after-school madrasa programs - sharply unlike full-time madaris common in north India, which may replace formal schooling.


Premise: Who was a British archaeologist?

Hypothesis: For example, a high point in the use of "Ancient Near East" was for Biblical scholars the Ancient Near Eastern Texts relating to the Old Testament by James Bennett Pritchard, a textbook of first edition dated 1950.


Premise: What was the rate of decline that Dell experienced in PC shipments?

Hypothesis: Both Gartner and IDC estimated that in the third quarter of 2006, HP shipped more units worldwide than Dell did.


Premise: What country was Burma a colony of ?

Hypothesis: Nonetheless, the extent and pace of reforms were uneven and ultimately proved insufficient to stem the advance of British colonialism.


Premise: What was John Shakespeare's profession?

Hypothesis: William Shakespeare's father, John Shakespeare, was one such inspector.


Premise: What does land has Federal Duck Stamp money helped purchase?

Hypothesis: Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps, a required purchase for migratory waterfowl hunters over sixteen years old, has raised over $700 million to help purchase more than 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat for the National Wildlife Refuge System lands that support waterfowl and many other wildlife species and are often open to hunting.


Premise: When was the bipolar transistor created?

Hypothesis: From 1955 onwards transistors replaced vacuum tubes in computer designs, giving rise to the "second generation" of computers.


Premise: Who said "The Greeks, though impure, must be honored since they were trained in sciences and therein, excelled others...."

Hypothesis: The "Brihat-Samhita" of the mathematician Varahamihira says: "The Greeks, though impure, must be honored since they were trained in sciences and therein, excelled others....." .


Premise: What thing that strongly differentiates the French from some other populations be clinal across Europe?

Hypothesis: However, we see that the global geographic distributions of these putatively selected alleles are largely determined simply by their frequencies in Yoruba, French and Han (Figure 3).


Premise: Which one of the world's largest chocolate makers is stationed in Manhattan?

Hypothesis: Entrepreneurs were forming a "Chocolate District" in Brooklyn as of 2014, while Godiva, one of the world's largest chocolatiers, continues to be headquartered in Manhattan.


Premise: What group was neutral about this issue as they felt the subject unimportant?

Hypothesis: This was despite what A. C. Crombie (viewing the Renaissance in the 19th-century manner as a chapter in the heroic March of Progress) calls "a backwards-looking admiration for antiquity", in which Platonism stood in opposition to the Aristotelian concentration on the observable properties of the physical world.


Premise: In what centuries the writings of scholars been used to debate the philosophies?

Hypothesis: Scholars have debated the relationship and differences within āstika philosophies and with nāstika philosophies, starting with the writings of Indologists and Orientalists of the 18th and 19th centuries, which were themselves derived from limited availability of Indian literature and medieval doxographies.


Premise: When did Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan reign?

Hypothesis: Kublai also abolished the imperial examinations of China's civil service legacy, which was not reinstated until Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan's reign (1311–1320).


Premise: What were new students once called by others?

Hypothesis: For a time, new admissions were called 'Jews' by their fellow Collegers.


Premise: What did the ancient Greeks call the people that lived in the British Isles?

Hypothesis: Historians today, though not in absolute agreement, largely agree that these Greek and Latin names were probably drawn from native Celtic-language names for the archipelago.


Premise: Where is bitumen the usual term for refined residue from crude oils?

Hypothesis: Outside the United States, the product is often called bitumen.


Premise: Kathmandu resulted from the merger of what two settlements?

Hypothesis: The artistry of the Newar people—the indigenous inhabitants of the Kathmandu Valley—became highly sought after during this era, both within the Valley and throughout the greater Himalayas.


Premise: Desktop computers made up how much of Apple's revenue in the third quarter of 2007?

Hypothesis: Apple ended the fiscal year 2007 with US$15.4 billion in cash and no debt.


Premise: Who led the 1954 class in their large donation?

Hypothesis: Yale has had many financial supporters, but some stand out by the magnitude or timeliness of their contributions.


Premise: What airfield was taken by the NCAC in August, 1944?

Hypothesis: By the time campaigning ceased during the monsoon rains, the NCAC had secured a vital airfield at Myitkyina (August 1944), which eased the problems of air resupply from India to China over "The Hump".


Premise: When did Nintendo take over European distribution?

Hypothesis: When the NES was first released in those countries, it was distributed by Mattel and Nintendo decided to use a lockout chip specific to those countries, different from the chip used in other European countries.


Premise: When was Noah Porter president of Yale?

Hypothesis: Noah Porter, moral philosopher, was president from 1871 to 1886.


Premise: What characteristic flowers show variation in?

Hypothesis: Occasionally, as in violets, a flower arises singly in the axil of an ordinary foliage-leaf.


Premise: In what year did OMB revise the standards for race and ethnicity classifications?

Hypothesis: In 1997, OMB issued a Federal Register notice regarding revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity.


Premise: What did Renaissance painters call the pigment made from cochineal?

Hypothesis: With the arrival of cochineal, they had a third, carmine, which made a very fine crimson, though it had a tendency to change color if not used carefully.


Premise: When was the first written mention of immunity as it pertains to the body?

Hypothesis: The earliest written mention of immunity can be traced back to the plague of Athens in 430 BCE.


Premise: What was the October 2014 purchase price of the Waldorf Astoria?

Hypothesis: Manhattan was on track to have an estimated 90,000 hotel rooms at the end of 2014, a 10% increase from 2013.


Premise: What sorts of departments might one see in a major department store?

Hypothesis: Some are part of a retail chain of many stores, while others may be independent retailers.


Premise: Where were the details of the torch relay made known?

Hypothesis: ) – the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics.


Premise: What was a common nickname for the electric chair?

Hypothesis: Electric chairs have commonly been nicknamed Old Sparky; however, Alabama's electric chair became known as the "Yellow Mama" due to its unique color.


Premise: What is the official language of Eritrea?

Hypothesis: With 2,540,000 total speakers of a population of 5,254,000 in 2006, Tigrinya is the most widely spoken language, particularly in the southern and central parts of Eritrea.


Premise: The Quran is used in the interpretation of which form of law?

Hypothesis: The Quran is used along with the hadith to interpret sharia law.


Premise: What is an example case that can help display where upholding a racial classification is beneficial?

Hypothesis: (See Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.)


Premise: When did the idea of a "consumer society" begin?

Hypothesis: As rising prosperity and social mobility increased the number of people, especially women (who found they could shop unaccompanied at department stores without damaging their reputation), with disposable income in the late Georgian period, window shopping was transformed into a leisure activity and entrepreneurs, like the potter Josiah Wedgwood, pioneered the use of marketing techniques to influence the prevailing tastes and preferences of society.


Premise: What is the percentage of of phantom pain felt by lower limb amputees?

Hypothesis: The prevalence of phantom pain in upper limb amputees is nearly 82%, and in lower limb amputees is 54%.


Premise: Can Npos match the wages of public and private sector employers?

Hypothesis: NPOs are encouraged to pay as much as they are able, and offer a low stress work environment that the employee can associate him or herself positively with.


Premise: Emotion is called what in Hellenistic art?

Hypothesis: The motif of deceptively realistic naturalism in art (aletheia) is reflected in stories such as that of the painter Zeuxis, who was said to have painted grapes that seemed so real that birds came and pecked at them.


Premise: In what year did the state of New York pass a law to free the slaves?

Hypothesis: Under such influential United States founders as Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, the New York Manumission Society worked for abolition and established the African Free School to educate black children.


Premise: What song did Beyoncé perform at the first inaugural dance for the Obamas.

Hypothesis: At Last" during the first inaugural dance at the Neighborhood Ball two days later.


Premise: What was the name of the Spanish slave ship used to transport the Mende tribesmen?

Hypothesis: New Haven was home to one of the important early events in the burgeoning anti-slavery movement when, in 1839, the trial of mutineering Mende tribesmen being transported as slaves on the Spanish slaveship Amistad was held in New Haven's United States District Court.


Premise: How many classes of pain does the IASP system note?

Hypothesis: However, this system has been criticized by Clifford J. Woolf and others as inadequate for guiding research and treatment.


Premise: How is it determined, which cells will be formed?

Hypothesis: The process results from the epigenetic activation of some genes and inhibition of others.


Premise: What annual event at BYU is carried out in memory of former president Rex E. Lee, who built the Museum of Art on campus?

Hypothesis: Lee was responsible for the Benson Science Building and the Museum of Art on campus.


Premise: What agency oversees health concerns for city residents?

Hypothesis: The Boston Public Health Commission, an agency of the Massachusetts government, oversees health concerns for city residents.


Premise: What was one subject that Avicenna further developed?

Hypothesis: Various texts (such as the 'Ahd with Bahmanyar) show that he debated philosophical points with the greatest scholars of the time.


Premise: On what show did Adams appear to "defend himself"?

Hypothesis: Two days later, he appeared again, with his attorney, stating he was there to "defend himself".


Premise: What rule is Brazil accused of practicing?

Hypothesis: Some commentators observe that the United States practice of segregation and white supremacy in the South, and discrimination in many areas outside that region, forced many African Americans to unite in the civil rights struggle.


Premise: What were incoming nomadic groups known as?

Hypothesis: Jews originated as a national and religious group in the Middle East during the second millennium BCE, in the part of the Levant known as the Land of Israel.


Premise: What do the dialects of Catalan feature?

Hypothesis: The only exception is the isolated idiosyncratic Alguerese dialect.


Premise: Besides the French and Swedish, who else occupied the island?

Hypothesis: The island’s history relating to French, Swedish and British period of occupation is well presented in the museum with photographs, maps and paintings.


Premise: In which year did the period known as the "Era of Good Feelings" begin?

Hypothesis: Although the Founding Fathers of the United States did not originally intend for American politics to be partisan, early political controversies in the 1790s over the extent of federal government powers saw the emergence of two proto-political parties-


Premise: What individual was responsible for law and maintaining order in the county?

Hypothesis: A Magistrate maintained law and order in his county, registered the populace for taxation, mobilized commoners for annual corvée duties, repaired schools and supervised public works.


Premise: What did the National Guard refuse to wear?

Hypothesis: During the war, the Paris National Guard, particularly in the working-class neighbourhoods of Paris, had become highly politicised and units elected officers; many refused to wear uniforms or obey commands from the national government.


Premise: Translated into English, what does pratītyasamutpāda mean?

Hypothesis: It states that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect.


Premise: What did the Qing dynasty attempt to do n the face of civil unrest?

Hypothesis: Responding to these civil failures and discontent, the Qing Imperial Court did attempt to reform the government in various ways, such as the decision to draft a constitution in 1906, the establishment of provincial legislatures in 1909, and the preparation for a national parliament in 1910.


Premise: What prompted the allegation of Greece's covering up its budget deficit?

Hypothesis: The allegation was prompted by the massive revision of the 2009 budget deficit forecast by the new PASOK government elected in October 2009, from "6–8%" (estimated by the previous New Democracy government) to 12.7% (later revised to 15.7%).


Premise: What did Apple's HyerCard and MultiFinder add to the Macintosh?

Hypothesis: In September 1986, Apple introduced the Macintosh Programmer's Workshop, or MPW, an application that allowed software developers to create software for Macintosh on Macintosh, rather than cross compiling from a Lisa.


Premise: What is an example knowledge being derived from intuition?

Hypothesis: For example, John Locke held that some knowledge (e.g. knowledge of God's existence) could be arrived at through intuition and reasoning alone.


Premise: Most accept that Buddha lived and taught in what type of order?

Hypothesis: Scholars are hesitant to make unqualified claims about the historical facts of the Buddha's life.


Premise: When was the Philadelphia Baptist Confession created?

Hypothesis: Some historically significant Baptist doctrinal documents include the 1689 London Baptist Confession of Faith, 1742 Philadelphia Baptist Confession, the 1833 New Hampshire Baptist Confession of Faith, the Southern Baptist Convention's Baptist Faith and Message, and written church covenants which some individual Baptist churches adopt as a statement of their faith and beliefs.


Premise: Which train stations are within walking distance of the southern end of campus?

Hypothesis: The Foster and Davis stations are within walking distance of the southern end of the campus, while the Noyes station is close to the northern end of the campus.


Premise: Who led the German expansion?

Hypothesis: After Christianization, the Roman Catholic Church and local rulers led German expansion and settlement in areas inhabited by Slavs and Balts, known as Ostsiedlung.


Premise: Which part of the body releases testosterone in males?

Hypothesis: The male and female gonads are subsequently activated, which puts them into a state of rapid growth and development; the triggered gonads now commence the mass production of the necessary chemicals.


Premise: When wasmost of the energy released during the initial eruption?

Hypothesis: The rupture lasted close to 120 sec, with the majority of energy released in the first 80 sec.


Premise: Is the population density the highest or lowest of any Mexican state?

Hypothesis: The state has an uneven settlement of people and the lowest population density of any Mexican state; according to the 2005 census there were 12 people per km2.


Premise: What conditions will produce a free-running rhythm in humans?

Hypothesis: Animals, including humans, kept in total darkness for extended periods eventually function with a free-running rhythm.


Premise: Obesity, lack of exercise, age and diet are risk factors attributed to cancer that are all apart of what kind of lifestyle?

Hypothesis: cancers of the colon, rectum, breast and prostate — that can be caused by obesity, lack of exercise, diet and age."


Premise: what tables of OpenType allow permit the selection of alternative glyph representations?

Hypothesis: Modern font technology provides a means to address the practical issue of needing to depict a unified Han character in terms of a collection of alternative glyph representations, in the form of Unicode variation sequences.


Premise: During the early seventies where did most Cyprus Greeks decide to go ?

Hypothesis: Greeks from Cyprus have a similar history of emigration, usually to the English-speaking world because of the island's colonization by the British Empire.


Premise: What type of locomotives are sometimes used on the Eritrean Railway to cater to groups of enthusiasts?

Hypothesis: Steam locomotives are sometimes used for groups of enthusiasts.


Premise: What type of disease if often studied to understand damage to the brain?

Hypothesis: Another approach to brain function is to examine the consequences of damage to specific brain areas.


Premise: How did Microsoft react to general hardware error problems?

Hypothesis: To aid customers with defective consoles, Microsoft extended the Xbox 360's manufacturer's warranty to three years for hardware failure problems that generate a "General Hardware Failure" error report.


Premise: How were original settlers of the area able to move between islands?

Hypothesis: The islands were historically known by the inhabitants as "jolet jen Anij" (Gifts from God).


Premise: What should the government of China be responsible for providing to earthquake survivors?

Hypothesis: Experts point out that the earthquake hit an area that has been largely neglected and untouched by China's economic rise.


Premise: Which battle was the second of three key French losses?

Hypothesis: Moltke had originally planned to keep Bazaine's army on the Saar River until he could attack it with the 2nd Army in front and the 1st Army on its left flank, while the 3rd Army closed towards the rear.


Premise: How many U.S. ships were lost at Okinawa?

Hypothesis: The Japanese, with 115,000 troops augmented by thousands of civilians on the heavily populated island, did not resist on the beaches—their strategy was to maximize the number of soldier and Marine casualties, and naval losses from Kamikaze attacks.


Premise: What can people owning both a PC and 360 do?

Hypothesis: In addition to online multimedia features, the Xbox 360 allows users to stream media from local PCs.


Premise: What is the name of one interstitial alloy?

Hypothesis: Steel is an example of an interstitial alloy, because the very small carbon atoms fit into interstices of the iron matrix.


Premise: What was the result of the Hungarian nobility's refusal to accept Sigismund claim as Louis' heir?

Hypothesis: The Hungarian nobility did not accept his claim, and the result was an internal war.


Premise: Which amino acid can assist with the well - being of mice but not necessarily their growth?

Hypothesis: In 1906, Edith G. Willcock and Frederick Hopkins showed that the amino acid tryptophan aids the well-being of mice


Premise: What happens when a plant remains totipotent?

Hypothesis: Unlike animals, many plant cells, particularly those of the parenchyma, do not terminally differentiate, remaining totipotent with the ability to give rise to a new individual plant.


Premise: Which artists are associated with Cypriot rock music?

Hypothesis: Popular music in Cyprus is generally influenced by the Greek Laïka scene; artists who play in this genre include international platinum star Anna Vissi, Evridiki, and Sarbel.


Premise: Along with controversy and schism, what upset the peace of the Church during the Late Middle Ages?

Hypothesis: The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans.


Premise: Does the Government of Ireland's London embassy use the name British Isles?

Hypothesis: The Government of Ireland does not recognise or use the term and its embassy in London discourages its use.


Premise: What was Israel's Global Peace Index rank in 2015?

Hypothesis: Israel is consistently rated low in the Global Peace Index, ranking 148th out of 162 nations for peacefulness in 2015.


Premise: What did the Mach constitution do?

Hypothesis: The legal privileges of the szlachta were legally abolished in the Second Polish Republic by the March Constitution of 1921.


Premise: What was the microphone coined as?

Hypothesis: To allow for greater movement while dancing and singing, Madonna was one of the earliest adopters of hands-free radio-frequency headset microphones, with the headset fastened over the ears or the top of the head, and the microphone capsule on a boom arm that extended to the mouth.


Premise: What economic activity in the Horn of Africa did the ancient Somalis connect to the rest of the world?

Hypothesis: Somali sailors and merchants were the main suppliers of frankincense, myrrh and spices, items which were considered valuable luxuries by the Ancient Egyptians, Phoenicians, Mycenaeans and Babylonians.


Premise: In the 1990's, what is something Houston did to try to diversify it's economy?

Hypothesis: After the early 1990s recession, Houston made efforts to diversify its economy by focusing on aerospace and health care/biotechnology, and reduced its dependence on the petroleum industry.


Premise: On what date did the lowest temperature in Melbourne's records occur?

Hypothesis: The lowest temperature on record is −2.8 °C (27.0 °F), on 21 July 1869.


Premise: What is the newest surface-mount transistor?

Hypothesis: The two main categories are through-hole (or leaded), and surface-mount, also known as surface-mount device (SMD).


Premise: The Volta lab improved the phonograph by replacing tinfoil with what substance?

Hypothesis: The laboratory was also the site where he and his associate invented his "proudest achievement", "the photophone", the "optical telephone" which presaged fibre optical telecommunications, while the Volta Bureau would later evolve into the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (the AG Bell), a leading center for the research and pedagogy of deafness.


Premise: What is the oldest structure at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians.


Premise: When was the Bessemer process developed?

Hypothesis: The Bessemer process was able to produce the first large scale manufacture of steel.


Premise: What was Darwin's response to the claims that certain animals could not have evolved through natural selection?

Hypothesis: Much of the chapter responds to George Jackson Mivart's criticisms, including his claim that features such as baleen filters in whales, flatfish with both eyes on one side and the camouflage of stick insects could not have evolved through natural selection because intermediate stages would not have been adaptive.


Premise: What was it about the Renaissance that gave the Dominican Order problems?

Hypothesis: At the same time the order found itself face to face with the Renaissance.


Premise: Who is a notable realistic personal theist?

Hypothesis: Howison's personal idealism  was also called "California Personalism" by others to distinguish it from the "Boston Personalism" which was of Bowne.


Premise: Why did the train catch fire?

Hypothesis: Reporters in Chengdu said they saw cracks on walls of some residential buildings in the downtown areas, but no buildings collapsed.


Premise: When was John Seller's Atlas Maritima?

Hypothesis: That "east" in turn was only an English translation of Latin Oriens and Orientalis, "the land of the rising sun," used since Roman times for "east."


Premise: What do students also need occasionally before putting blame on teachers?

Hypothesis: They occasionally need more gratitude for the resources they have, including their teachers and their textbooks.


Premise: When did Minas Gerais get a cavalry regiment?

Hypothesis: On July 9, 1775 a Cavalry Regiment was created in the state of Minas Gerais for maintaining law and order.


Premise: Who succeeded Nasser?

Hypothesis: In 1970, President Nasser died and was succeeded by Anwar Sadat.


Premise: What speed is a gearless traction elevator capable of attaining?

Hypothesis: Gearless traction elevators can reach speeds of up to 20 m/s (4,000 ft/min), A brake is mounted between the motor and gearbox or between the motor and drive sheave or at the end of the drive sheave to hold the elevator stationary at a floor.


Premise: Along with the Las Vegas Gladiators, what prior AFL team played its home games at the Thomas & Mack Center?

Hypothesis: That franchise, the Las Vegas Outlaws, were originally to play in Las Vegas at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in 2015, but instead played their home games at the Thomas & Mack Center, previous home to the Las Vegas Sting and Las Vegas Gladiators.


Premise: Who is the most recent member to join the IBM Board of Directors?

Hypothesis: The company's 14 member Board of Directors is responsible for overall corporate management.


Premise: How many LEGAT offices does the FBI operate?

Hypothesis: The FBI can and does at times carry out secret activities overseas, just as the CIA has a limited domestic function; these activities generally require coordination across government agencies.


Premise: Along what fault line did the quake happen?

Hypothesis: The rupture lasted close to 120 sec, with the majority of energy released in the first 80 sec.


Premise: Iran's climate along its Capsian coast and northen forests is?

Hypothesis: On the northern edge of the country (the Caspian coastal plain) temperatures rarely fall below freezing and the area remains humid for the rest of the year.


Premise: What is commonly written with a single character formed by combining the last character with the radical of the first?

Hypothesis: However, in the 19th century these were often written via compound characters, pronounced disyllabically, such as 瓩 for 千瓦 or 糎 for 厘米 – some of these characters were also used in Japan, where they were pronounced with borrowed European readings instead.


Premise: Where are the Bailiwick of Jersey and the Bailiwick of Guernsey located?

Hypothesis: The British Isles also include three Crown Dependencies: the Isle of Man and, by tradition, the Bailiwick of Jersey and the Bailiwick of Guernsey in the Channel Islands, although the latter are not physically a part of the archipelago.


Premise: What practice differentiates the Angican Communon from Protestant churches at large?

Hypothesis: Thus unlike the Protestant churches at large, the Anglican Communion (which includes the Episcopal Church in the United States) includes segments which still retain some veneration of Mary.


Premise: Who stated that sites not on Open Directory were still being saved but would not be released until the Archive was reindexed?

Hypothesis: According to Jeff Kaplan of the Internet Archive in November 2010, other sites were still being archived, but more recent captures would become visible only after the next major indexing, an infrequent operation.


Premise: On what date was George York executed?

Hypothesis: The last use of the electric chair between the first electrocution on August 6, 1890 and the moratorium was when Oklahoma electrocuted James French on August 10, 1966.


Premise: What has caused serious financial damage?

Hypothesis: Serious financial damage has been caused by security breaches, but because there is no standard model for estimating the cost of an incident, the only data available is that which is made public by the organizations involved. "


Premise: What is the term used for birds that concentrate time and effort on specific food items?

Hypothesis: Birds that employ many strategies to obtain food or feed on a variety of food items are called generalists, while others that concentrate time and effort on specific food items or have a single strategy to obtain food are considered specialists.


Premise: What are two main groups of prokaryotic organisms are divided into?

Hypothesis: The archaea and eukaryotes are more closely related to each other than either is to the bacteria.


Premise: What chemical defense is used by the Monarch butterfly?

Hypothesis: Chemical defense is another important defense found amongst species of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, usually being advertised by bright colors, such as the Monarch butterfly.


Premise: When had the government been highly centralized?

Hypothesis: In the past, the government had been highly centralized.


Premise: What is the name of the 2004 paper that links Popper's work to that of his tutor Otto Selz?

Hypothesis: Selz never published his ideas, partly because of the rise of Nazism, which forced him to quit his work in 1933, and the prohibition of referring to Selz' work.


Premise: When was the death of Sidonius Apollinaris?

Hypothesis: The writings of Sidonius Apollinaris (d. 489), Cassiodorus (d. c. 585), and Boethius (d. c. 525) were typical of the age.


Premise: What is the grid plan aligned with rather than the cardinal directions?

Hypothesis: Major streets have their own linked articles; minor streets are discussed here.


Premise: how did they work on college financing

Hypothesis: One of the foundation's goals is to lower poverty by increasing the number of college graduates in the United States, and the organization has funded "Reimagining Aid Design and Delivery" grants to think tanks and advocacy organizations to produce white papers on ideas for changing the current system of federal financial aid for college students, with a goal of increasing graduation rates.


Premise: What type of theatrical uniforms did Paul VI eradicate from the Vatican?

Hypothesis: Paul VI did renounce many traditional symbols of the papacy and the Catholic Church; some of his changes to the papal dress were reversed by Pope Benedict XVI in the early 21st century.


Premise: What was the final track on Queen's The Game?

Hypothesis: In February 1981, Queen travelled to South America as part of The Game Tour, and became the first major rock band to play in Latin American stadiums.


Premise: When was the relay event held in Hong Kong?

Hypothesis: : The event was held in Hong Kong on May 2.


Premise: Who ratifies protocols in Armenia?

Hypothesis: The President had made multiple public announcements, both in Armenia and abroad, that as the leader of the political majority of Armenia he assured the ratification of the protocols if Turkey also ratified them.


Premise: What percentage of Manhattan residents own an automobile?

Hypothesis: This is in contrast to the rest of the United States, where about 90% of commuters drive automobiles to their workplace.


Premise: What pre-preg material is designated by "FR-2"?

Hypothesis: Well known pre-preg materials used in the PCB industry are FR-2


Premise: What was the earliest known writing about dye from Aermenian cochineal?

Hypothesis: A different variety of dye was made from Porphyrophora hamelii (Armenian cochineal) scale insects that lived on the roots and stems of certain herbs.


Premise: Due to delays, when was the actual date of the BBC's move to satellite broadcasts?

Hypothesis: This move was estimated to save the BBC £85 million over the next five years.


Premise: Where is the Tibet Autonomous Region?

Hypothesis: Today, China governs western and central Tibet as the Tibet Autonomous Region while the eastern areas are now mostly ethnic autonomous prefectures within Sichuan, Qinghai and other neighbouring provinces.


Premise: What party was formed from the dissolved Ukrainian Helsinki Union?

Hypothesis: On April 29–30, 1990, the Ukrainian Helsinki Union disbanded to form the Ukrainian Republican Party.


Premise: What was a major issue in the USS Langley?

Hypothesis: The superstructure of a carrier (such as the bridge, flight control tower) are concentrated in a relatively small area called an island, a feature pioneered on the HMS Hermes in 1923.


Premise: When did the Court of Justice of the EU make a ruling about distinction?

Hypothesis: Other countries, such as the Netherlands, make no such distinction; the exemption there had been assumed, even by the government, to apply to any such copying, even from file-sharing networks.


Premise: What year was the University of California, Berkeley's Instutute of Human Development founded?

Hypothesis: Jean Macfarlane founded the University of California, Berkeley's Institute of Human Development, formerly called the Institute of Child Welfare, in 1927.


Premise: What related fields do linguistic anthropologists draw on?

Hypothesis: It is the branch of anthropology that brings linguistic methods to bear on anthropological problems, linking the analysis of linguistic forms and processes to the interpretation of sociocultural processes.


Premise: The amount of professors at Notre Dame increased by what amount under Malloy?

Hypothesis: In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources.


Premise: During the courtroom scene, what happens to the audience?

Hypothesis: With the whole town crowded around the actual courthouse, it's part of a central, civic education—what Monroeville aspires to be."


Premise: What did IMF forecast Greece's unemployment rate to be in 2012?

Hypothesis: In 2015, Greece's jobless rate is around 24 per cent.


Premise: For how long after Arsenal's first trophy win the team do poorly competitions?

Hypothesis: This was followed by an even greater triumph: their first League and FA Cup double in 1970–71.


Premise: When were the plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s revealed?

Hypothesis: A January 2013 press release from the USB group revealed plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s.


Premise: What type of bird show circuitous migratory routes?

Hypothesis: An example is the migration of continental populations of Swainson's thrush Catharus ustulatus, which fly far east across North America before turning south via Florida to reach northern South America; this route is believed to be the consequence of a range expansion that occurred about 10,000 years ago.


Premise: Which political party is The Times columnist, Daniel Finkelstein, associated with?

Hypothesis: This makes it the most varied newspaper in terms of political support in British history.


Premise: What does MIlton Diamond say about the terms heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual?

Hypothesis: Psychiatrist Anil Aggrawal explains that androphilia, along with gynephilia, "is needed to overcome immense difficulties in characterizing the sexual orientation of trans men and trans women.


Premise: When did Beijing fall?

Hypothesis: The newly allied armies captured Beijing on June 6.


Premise: What did Ramsay believe about river valleys?

Hypothesis: Midway through the 19th century, the focus of geology shifted from description and classification to attempts to understand how the surface of the Earth had changed.


Premise: What ingredients give glass-ceramics its useful heat tolerance?

Hypothesis: The term mainly refers to a mix of lithium and aluminosilicates that yields an array of materials with interesting thermomechanical properties.


Premise: What island besides St. Barts was granted COM status by France in 2007?

Hypothesis: The new status took effect on 15 July 2007, when the first territorial council was elected, according to the law.


Premise: The UNESCO has recognized which show as a Masterpiece of Oral & Intangible Heritage of Humanity

Hypothesis: The wayang kulit show has been recognized by UNESCO on November 7, 2003, as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.


Premise: What is the Vietnamese word for both blue and green?

Hypothesis: Vietnamese uses a single word for both blue and green, xanh, with variants such as xanh da trời (azure, lit. "sky blue"), lam (blue), and lục (green; also xanh lá cây, lit.


Premise: What new retail outlet came on board at the end of the 1970s to rival newsstands for comic sales?

Hypothesis: Cult hits such as Howard the Duck fell victim to the distribution problems, with some titles reporting low sales when in fact the first specialty comic book stores resold them at a later date.[citation needed]


Premise: Who wrote the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom?

Hypothesis: During the American Civil War, Richmond served as the capital of the Confederate States of America.


Premise: What is the second phase of bacteria growth known for?

Hypothesis: The log phase is marked by rapid exponential growth.


Premise: How much money has all of Steven Spielberg's movies grossed worldwide?

Hypothesis: The unadjusted gross of all Spielberg-directed films exceeds $9 billion worldwide, making him the highest-grossing director in history.


Premise: When did Kanye West post to Twitter apoloizing to Taylor Swift?

Hypothesis: "I did not diss Taylor Swift and I've never dissed her...


Premise: Does Paris see snow?

Hypothesis: Snow falls every year, but rarely stays on the ground.


Premise: A money based economy was first entrenched in what dynasty?

Hypothesis: To pay for its military campaigns and the settlement of newly conquered frontier territories, the government nationalized the private salt and iron industries in 117 BC, but these government monopolies were repealed during the Eastern Han period.


Premise: What large hurricane hit New Orleans?

Hypothesis: New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.


Premise: The origin of what Byzantine term is disputed?

Hypothesis: However, the origin of this word is disputed.


Premise: When did the American groups begin to really get in on the post-punk movement?

Hypothesis: In the mid 1970s, various American groups (some with ties to Downtown Manhattan's punk scene, including Television and Suicide) had begun expanding on the vocabulary of punk music.


Premise: When did Adventures of Tintin debut?

Hypothesis: In early 2009, Spielberg shot the first film in a planned trilogy of motion capture films based on The Adventures of Tintin, written by Belgian artist Hergé, with Peter Jackson.


Premise: In which other country is the UK thinking about installing a military base?

Hypothesis: A presence in Oman is also being considered.


Premise: What pump has a higher quality vacuum than a positive displacement pump?

Hypothesis: The above explanation is merely a simple introduction to vacuum pumping, and is not representative of the entire range of pumps in use.


Premise: How did a lot of people donate using mobile phones?

Hypothesis: People also donated blood, resulting in according to Xinhua long line-ups in most major Chinese cities.


Premise: who were some of the DJs that brought the ibiza sound to uk clubs in late 1987?

Hypothesis: These clubs, fueled by their distinctive sound and Ecstasy, began to have an influence on the British scene.


Premise: What does Mary where atop her hair that twinkles in the symbol ?

Hypothesis: The moon is under her feet and a halo of twelve stars surround her head, possibly a reference to "a woman clothed with the sun" from Revelation 12:1-2.


Premise: Who adopted the Byzantine mosaic tradition?

Hypothesis: The Norman kings adopted the Byzantine tradition of mosaic decoration to enhance the somewhat dubious legality of their rule.


Premise: What are two purposes for which iPods are used in business?

Hypothesis: Besides earning a reputation as a respected entertainment device, the iPod has also been accepted as a business device.


Premise: Who has the first lab completely dedicated to psychology?

Hypothesis: The year 1879 is commonly seen as the start of psychology as an independent field of study.


Premise: What AFL team did Kurt Warner play for?

Hypothesis: Louis Rams quarterback Kurt Warner, who was MVP of Super Bowl XXXIV, was first noticed because he played quarterback for the AFL's Iowa Barnstormers.


Premise: What caused the loss of biodiversity?

Hypothesis: This has resulted in loss of genetic diversity and biodiversity as a whole.


Premise: What was the first automatic, digital, programmable computer created by Konrad Zuse?

Hypothesis: In 1941, Zuse followed his earlier machine up with the Z3, the world's first working electromechanical programmable, fully automatic digital computer.


Premise: Would you consider aesthetic elements alone in architectural lighting design?

Hypothesis: Lighting of structures considers aesthetic elements as well as practical considerations of quantity of light required, occupants of the structure, energy efficiency and cost.


Premise: What has the state of Louisiana done to combat the nutria?

Hypothesis: Varmint hunting is an American phrase for the selective killing of non-game animals seen as pests.


Premise: What is a name for the genetic makeup of mitochondria?

Hypothesis: In fact, mitochondria are sometimes said to have their own genome often referred to as the "mitochondrial genome".


Premise: As of 2004, how many Nobel Prize winners had roots in New York institutions?

Hypothesis: Much of the scientific research in the city is done in medicine and the life sciences.


Premise: Which philosophy attempted to reconcile Aristotelian teachings and Christian theology in the 13th century?

Hypothesis: The Condemnation of 1277, enacted at the University of Paris, placed restrictions on ideas that could be interpreted as heretical; restrictions that had implication for Aristotelian thought.


Premise: The Court of Appeals is the high court in which US States or territories?

Hypothesis: The titles of state supreme court vary, which can cause confusion between jurisdictions because one state may use a name for its highest court that another uses for a lower court.


Premise: When were the Allobrogi defeated?

Hypothesis: The Rhaetians continued to resist but were eventually conquered when the Romans turned northward to the Danube valley in Austria and defeated the Brigantes.


Premise: What is the per capita GDP of Swaziland?

Hypothesis: Its GDP per capita of $9,714 means it is classified as a country with a lower-middle income.


Premise: What was the name of the miner's leader that was blamed for the strike?

Hypothesis: Tabloid vilification of the so-called loony left continued to taint the parliamentary party by association from the activities of 'extra-parliamentary' militants in local government.


Premise: How does Tuvalu rank in country size as compared to other nations?

Hypothesis: Its small, scattered group of atolls have poor soil and a total land area of only about 26 square kilometres (10 square miles) making it the fourth smallest country in the world.


Premise: When was the Compass-M1 satellite launched?

Hypothesis: The role of Compass-M1 for Compass is similar to the role of the GIOVE satellites for the Galileo system.


Premise: What do most automatic turn tables do when they meet a lock groove?

Hypothesis: Precisely because of this mechanism, most automatic turntables are incapable of playing any audio in the lock groove, since they will lift the arm before it reaches that groove.


Premise: Around what time did the Gupta script become prevalent for writing Sanskrit?

Hypothesis: Sometime between the fourth and eighth centuries, the Gupta script, derived from Brahmi, became prevalent.


Premise: What were the origins of the Paris department store?

Hypothesis: The Paris department store had its roots in the magasin de nouveautés, or novelty store; the first, the Tapis Rouge, was created in 1784.


Premise: What is another name for the French Navy?

Hypothesis: Charles de Gaulle is a 42,000 tonne nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, commissioned in 2001 and is the flagship of the French Navy (Marine Nationale).


Premise: How many volumes is the biography of Whitehead?

Hypothesis: The two volume biography of Whitehead by Victor Lowe is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead.


Premise: What used to be abundant in the waters around Norfolk Island?

Hypothesis: Southern right whales were once regular migrants to the Norfolk hence naming the island as the "Middle ground" by whalers, but had been severely depleted by historical hunts, and further by illegal Soviet and Japan whaling, resulting in none of very few, if remnants still live, right whales in these regions along with Lord Howe Island.


Premise: In 2010, how many death sentences were overturned due to reversals from courts or appeals?

Hypothesis: Only around 6 percent of death sentences are overturned on state collateral review.


Premise: What papal statement under Paul VI opened the Vatican doors to global influences?

Hypothesis: Paul VI did renounce many traditional symbols of the papacy and the Catholic Church; some of his changes to the papal dress were reversed by Pope Benedict XVI in the early 21st century.


Premise: What Myanmar import from other countries that has been of major importance?

Hypothesis: The Pyu culture was heavily influenced by trade with India, importing Buddhism as well as other cultural, architectural and political concepts which would have an enduring influence on later Burmese culture and political organisation.


Premise: What did  Sir James Weddell command?

Hypothesis: The Antarctic fur seal was very heavily hunted in the 18th and 19th centuries for its pelt by sealers from the United States and the United Kingdom.


Premise: The immigration was in accordance to what?

Hypothesis: Both groups facilitated regular immigration logistics like arranging transportation, but the latter also engaged in clandestine operations in countries, particularly in the Middle East and Eastern Europe, where the lives of Jews were believed to be in danger and exit from those places was difficult.


Premise: When was Kato Kiyomasa in power?

Hypothesis: In a handbook he addressed to "all samurai, regardless of rank" he told his followers that a warrior's only duty in life was to "...grasp the long and the short swords and to die".


Premise: What percentage of New Yorkers follow the Catholic faith?

Hypothesis: Islam ranks third in New York City, with official estimates ranging between 600,000 and 1,000,000 observers and including 10% of the city's public schoolchildren, followed by Hinduism, Buddhism, and a variety of other religions, as well as atheism.


Premise: Along with sweating and muscle tension, what might be a physiological response to danger?

Hypothesis: Emotion, in everyday speech, is any relatively brief conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or displeasure.


Premise: Beyoncé was an honorary chair of the 2013 what?

Hypothesis: She was also honorary chair of the 2013 Met Gala.


Premise: Who was the album True Blue dedicated to?

Hypothesis: In June 1986, Madonna released her third studio album, True Blue, which was inspired by and dedicated to Sean Penn.


Premise: Why are capacitors connected in parallel with the power circuits of many devices and large systems?

Hypothesis: Audio equipment, for example, uses several capacitors in this way, to shunt away power line hum before it gets into the signal circuitry.


Premise: In what location was Mahatma Gandhi cremated?

Hypothesis: Gandhi Smriti in New Delhi is the location where Mahatma Gandhi spent the last 144 days of his life and was assassinated on 30 January 1948.


Premise: What cellular  company is one of the city's largest private-sector employers?

Hypothesis: San Diego has been designated as an iHub Innovation Center for collaboration potentially between wireless and life sciences.


Premise: The central task for psychologists, sociologists, and anthropologists is to describe what topics?

Hypothesis: Using constructs drawn from the salient discourses of the individual, the group and cultural norms, the practical operationalisation of ISA provides a methodology that maps how these are used by the individual, applied across time and milieus by the "situated self" to appraise self and other agents and institutions (for example, resulting in the individual's evaluation of self and significant others and institutions).[citation needed]


Premise: What hides the stubs of a tree's lost limbs from being visible later in its life?

Hypothesis: Since in most uses of wood, knots are defects that weaken the timber and interfere with its ease of working and other properties, it follows that a given piece of sapwood, because of its position in the tree, may well be stronger than a piece of heartwood from the same tree.


Premise: How are the King and Queen of J'ouvert chosen?

Hypothesis: A King and Queen of J'ouvert are chosen, based on their witty political/social messages.


Premise: What does the USAF use the E-4B aircraft for?

Hypothesis: The roles of the aircraft vary greatly among the different variants to include Electronic Warfare/Jamming (EC-130H), Psychological Operations/Communications (EC-130J), Airborne Early Warning and Control (E-3), Airborne Command Post (E-4B), ground targeting radar (E-8C), range control (E-9A), and communications relay (E-11A)


Premise: What is the largest opposition party in the Scottish Parliament?

Hypothesis: The Labour Party is a full member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance, and holds observer status in the Socialist International.