Premise: In what year was the Education Act originally passed in New Zealand?

Hypothesis: New Zealand polytechnics are established under the Education Act 1989 as amended, and are considered state-owned tertiary institutions along with universities, colleges of education, and wānanga; there is today often much crossover in courses and qualifications offered between all these types of Tertiary Education Institutions.


Premise: What does Canada being referred to as the 51st state in a positive way mean in the US, generally?

Hypothesis: In the Quebec general election, 1989, the political party Parti 51 ran 11 candidates on a platform of Quebec seceding from Canada to join the United States (with its leader, André Perron, claiming Quebec could not survive as an independent nation).


Premise: Which contestant sang an off-key "She Bangs"?

Hypothesis: His exposure on Idol landed him a record deal and surprisingly he became the third best-selling singer from that season.


Premise: What are 2 benefits of leveraging neoclassicism for civil planning?

Hypothesis: At its most basic, the grid system of streets, a central forum with city services, two main slightly wider boulevards, and the occasional diagonal street were characteristic of the very logical and orderly Roman design.


Premise: What was Muslim Brotherhood labelled post coup?

Hypothesis: Sentenced supporters of former President Mohamed Morsi will be executed for their alleged role in violence following his ousting in July 2013.


Premise: When was the library ban reversed?

Hypothesis: This decision was reversed after a sustained campaign by the newspaper itself lasting 16 months, and the election of a Labour-led council in 1971.


Premise: How many ends did the cross supposedly have?

Hypothesis: Irenaeus, who died around the end of the 2nd century, speaks of the cross as having "five extremities, two in length, two in breadth, and one in the middle, on which [last] the person rests who is fixed by the nails."


Premise: What location was supposed to be the start of the relay event in Nagano?

Hypothesis: The public was not allowed at the parking lot where the relay started.


Premise: Where did the 1982 FIFA World Cup take place?

Hypothesis: England qualified for the 1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico as reigning champions, and reached the quarter-finals, where they were knocked out by West Germany.


Premise: How many railways served the county

Hypothesis: The county was served by five pre-1923 Grouping railway companies: the Great Western Railway (GWR); a branch of the Midland Railway (MR) to Bath Green Park (and another one to Bristol); the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway, and the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR).


Premise: Having a diverse workplace allows for employers to do what?

Hypothesis: By valuing diversity, employers have the capacity to create an environment in which there is a culture of respect for individual differences as well as the ability to draw in talent and ideas from all segments of the population.


Premise: What empire was destroyed by the Sack of Constantinople?

Hypothesis: Their Sack of Constantinople in 1204 brought an abrupt end to the Byzantine Empire.


Premise: Where do many modern day hunter-gatherers live?

Hypothesis: Many of them reside in the developing world, either in arid regions or tropical forests.


Premise: What does chansons de geste mean in English?

Hypothesis: This culture was expressed in the vernacular languages rather than Latin, and comprised poems, stories, legends, and popular songs spread by troubadours, or wandering minstrels.


Premise: What was the name of the engineer involved in the construction of the Eddystone Lighthouse?

Hypothesis: As an associate and host of engineer John Smeaton he was indirectly involved with the development of the Eddystone Lighthouse.


Premise: What is the Policia Judiciaria - PJ (Judicial Police)?

Hypothesis: Portuguese law applied in the former colonies and territories and continues to be the major influence for those countries.


Premise: What new Portugese Africa's coastal towns were developed during the Scramble for Africa?

Hypothesis: With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa.


Premise: The Treaty of Locarno guarantees each signatory against what from another signatory?

Hypothesis: Treaties of "mutual guarantee" are international compacts, e.g., the Treaty of Locarno which guarantees each signatory against attack from another.


Premise: What was Chopin responsible for making popular with Euorpeans?

Hypothesis: Chopin's mazurkas, while originating in the traditional Polish dance (the mazurek), differed from the traditional variety in that they were written for the concert hall rather than the dance hall; "it was Chopin who put the mazurka on the European musical map.


Premise: Who aided the Americans and Chinese during the advance in northern Burma?

Hypothesis: In the middle of 1944 the Chinese Expeditionary Force invaded northern Burma from Yunnan province.


Premise: Which school is located on Cabrini Boulevard?

Hypothesis: The many institutions on 187th Street include Mount Sinai Jewish Center, the Dombrov Shtiebel, and the uptown campus of Yeshiva University.


Premise: What artist did Beyonce duet with in the single, "Deja Vu''?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day was released on September 5, 2006, in the US, to coincide with her twenty-fifth birthday.


Premise: Why did the Manchurian Campaign fight the Russians.

Hypothesis: The resulting campaigns, in which the fledgling Japanese military consistently attained victory over the Russian forces arrayed against them, were unexpected by world observers.


Premise: Who wrote the Sarva-darśana-samgraha?

Hypothesis: When Madhavacharya compiled Sarva-darśana-samgraha (a digest of all philosophies) in the 14th century, he had no Cārvāka/Lokāyata text to quote from, or even refer to.


Premise: What type of music did critics associate with corrupt high culture?

Hypothesis: Other 19th-century critics, following Rousseau have accepted this differentiation between higher and lower culture, but have seen the refinement and sophistication of high culture as corrupting and unnatural developments that obscure and distort people's essential nature.


Premise: What is an effect of using worn molds when casting records?

Hypothesis: As this "orange peel" originates in the master rather than being introduced in the pressing stage, there is no ill effect as there is no physical distortion of the groove.


Premise: Which fan club is closely allied to the Arsenal club?

Hypothesis: The Arsenal Supporters' Trust promotes greater participation in ownership of the club by fans.


Premise: What year was the University of Southampton founded?

Hypothesis: The University of Southampton, which was founded in 1862 and received its Royal Charter as a university in 1952, has over 22,000 students.


Premise: What better offer came for Von Neumann in 1930?

Hypothesis: Von Neumann's habilitation was completed on December 13, 1927, and he started his lectures as a privatdozent at the University of Berlin in 1928.


Premise: Who had bought the now bankrupt farms?

Hypothesis: The long military campaigns had forced citizens to leave their farms to fight, while their farms fell into disrepair.


Premise: What was released on March 17, 1969?

Hypothesis: The engagement was documented in an after-action report, a press release written on March 1, 1969, and a historical summary dated March 17, 1969.


Premise: What year did the Cubs hire GM Dallas Green?

Hypothesis: Jim Frey was hired to manage the 1984 Cubs, with Don Zimmer coaching 3rd base and Billy Connors serving as pitching coach.


Premise: When was Elizabeth's Diamond Jubilee?

Hypothesis: Moments of sadness for her include the death of her father, aged 56; the assassination of Prince Philip's uncle, Lord Mountbatten; the breakdown of her children's marriages in 1992 (her annus horribilis); the death in 1997 of her son's former wife, Diana, Princess of Wales; and the deaths of her mother and sister in 2002.


Premise: Baroque or Classical era influence can be seen in what modern musical style?

Hypothesis: Numerous examples show influence in the opposite direction, including popular songs based on classical music, the use to which Pachelbel's Canon has been put since the 1970s, and the musical crossover phenomenon, where classical musicians have achieved success in the popular music arena.


Premise: What is the public house where the men from Southampton Plot were tried called now?

Hypothesis: Prior to King Henry's departure for the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, the ringleaders of the "Southampton Plot"—Richard, Earl of Cambridge, Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham, and Sir Thomas Grey of Heton—were accused of high treason and tried at what is now the Red Lion public house in the High Street.


Premise: What denomination do these small groups belong to?

Hypothesis: They typically distance themselves from the confessionalism and/or creedalism of other Christian communities by calling themselves "non-denominational" or "evangelical".


Premise: What benefit were residents of Norfolk Island told they would receive as a result of Australia's assistance?

Hypothesis: In return, the islanders were to pay income tax for the first time but would be eligible for greater welfare benefits.


Premise: where was jesse saunders from?

Hypothesis: The hypnotic electronic dance song "On and On", produced in 1984 by Chicago DJ Jesse Saunders and co-written by Vince Lawrence, had elements that became staples of the early house sound, such as the Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer and minimal vocals as well as a Roland (specifically TR-808) drum machine and Korg (specifically Poly-61) synthesizer.


Premise: What percentage of familes were below the poverty line in 2005?

Hypothesis: According to Forbes in 2005, San Diego was the fifth wealthiest U.S. city but about 10.6% of families and 14.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over.


Premise: Who died before the palace was completed?

Hypothesis: It was also said that staff were lax and lazy and the palace was dirty.


Premise: What funny name is used for the etching process where air is blown through the etching solution to get it moving around?

Hypothesis: Splash etching uses a motor-driven paddle to splash boards with etchant; the process has become commercially obsolete since it is not as fast as spray etching.


Premise: How did Irving describe Spielberg's house?

Hypothesis: Although she was too young for the role, she and Spielberg began dating and she eventually moved in to what she described as his "bachelor funky" house.:294 They lived together for four years, but the stresses of their professional careers took a toll on their relationship.


Premise: What was the demonstrators' nationality?

Hypothesis: On October 17, 1987, about 3,000 Armenians demonstrated in Yerevan complaining about the condition of Lake Sevan, the Nairit chemicals plant, and the Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant, and air pollution in Yerevan.


Premise: How many businesses are there in the primary sector?

Hypothesis: As of 2008[update], there were 259 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 59 businesses involved in this sector.


Premise: The Dutch influence on Afrikaans was seasoned with languages from what country?

Hypothesis: Many native speakers of Dutch, both in Belgium and the Netherlands, assume that Afrikaans and West Frisian are dialects of Dutch but are considered separate and distinct from Dutch: a daughter language and a sister language, respectively.


Premise: ASCII specifies correspondence between what?

Hypothesis: Like other character encodings, ASCII specifies a correspondence between digital bit patterns and character symbols (i.e. graphemes and control characters).


Premise: Where are opto-isolators found?

Hypothesis: Opto-isolators use an LED combined with a photodiode or phototransistor to provide a signal path with electrical isolation between two circuits.


Premise: How was Luoyang destroyed?

Hypothesis: After Dong Zhuo demoted Emperor Shao and promoted his brother Liu Xie as Emperor Xian, Yuan Shao led a coalition of former officials and officers against Dong, who burned Luoyang to the ground and resettled the court at Chang'an in May 191 AD.


Premise: What Elevator Safety Code change required a second dished bulkhead?

Hypothesis: This creates two significant hazards: being subject to an impact at the bottom when the elevator stops suddenly and being in the entrance for a potential shear if the rider is partly in the elevator.


Premise: Laws about antennas keep home owners' associations and city government from banning what?

Hypothesis: These new laws prohibit home owners' associations and city government from banning the installation of antennas.


Premise: Along with Donald O'Connor and Bing Crosby, with whom did Gloria Jean star?

Hypothesis: When Pasternak stopped producing Durbin's pictures, and she outgrew her screen persona and pursued more dramatic roles, the studio signed 13-year-old Gloria Jean for her own series of Pasternak musicals from 1939; she went on to star with Bing Crosby, W. C. Fields, and Donald O'Connor.


Premise: How many overseas territories does Britain still have?

Hypothesis: Britain retains sovereignty over 14 territories outside the British Isles, which were renamed the British Overseas Territories in 2002.


Premise: How long could a recording be on a 10 inch disc in the 1903?

Hypothesis: Eight-inch discs with a 2-inch-diameter (51 mm) label became popular for about a decade in Britain, but they cannot be played in full on most modern record players because the tone arm cannot play far enough in toward the center without modification of the equipment.


Premise: What is the name of the lifestyle magazine?

Hypothesis: In addition, there is a magazine published by Back40 Design Group called The Edmond Outlook.


Premise: In what city did Sony hold their 2006 PlayStation Business Briefing?

Hypothesis: PlayStation Network uses real currency and PlayStation Network Cards as seen with the PlayStation Store and PlayStation Home.


Premise: What does the abbreviation CHOP stand for?

Hypothesis: When required to support operational missions, the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) directs the Secretary of the Air Force (SECAF) to execute a Change in Operational Control (CHOP) of these units from their administrative alignment to the operational command of a Regional Combatant Commander (CCDR).


Premise: How much of Nigeria's population in 2009 was rural?

Hypothesis: The results of the most recent census were released in December 2006 and gave a population of 140,003,542.


Premise: What is the large island park in Detroit?

Hypothesis: The riverfront includes Tri-Centennial State Park and Harbor, Michigan's first urban state park.


Premise: Before landing at Alexandria, Napoleon succeeded in evading what military entity?

Hypothesis: General Bonaparte and his expedition eluded pursuit by the Royal Navy and landed at Alexandria on 1 July.


Premise: How many international universities operate in London?

Hypothesis: A number of universities in London are outside the University of London system, including Brunel University, City University London, Imperial College London, Kingston University, London Metropolitan University, Middlesex University, University of East London, University of West London and University of Westminster, (with over 34,000 students, the largest unitary university in London), London South Bank University, Middlesex University, University of the Arts London (the largest university of art, design, fashion, communication and the performing arts in Europe), University of East London, the University of West London and the University of Westminster.


Premise: Why did the British and Americans want to cede most of Eritrea to the Ethiopians?

Hypothesis: The Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties consistently requested from the UN General Assembly that a referendum be held immediately to settle the Eritrean question of sovereignty.


Premise: By what year was AMC showing commercials?

Hypothesis: AMC had broadened its film content to feature colorized and more recent films by 2002 and abandoned its commercial-free format, leaving TCM as the only movie-oriented cable channel to devote its programming entirely to classic films without commercial interruption.


Premise: How many teams in each season do the Fighting Irish commit to play against ACC opponents?

Hypothesis: In ice hockey, the Irish were forced to find a new conference home after the Big Ten Conference's decision to add the sport in 2013–14 led to a cascade of conference moves that culminated in the dissolution of the school's former hockey home, the Central Collegiate Hockey Association, after the 2012–13 season.


Premise: Who designed the new location of  the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum?

Hypothesis: In October 2006, the Kemper Art Museum moved from its previous location, Steinberg Hall, into a new facility designed by former faculty member Fumihiko Maki.


Premise: How many drugs were approved in 2007?

Hypothesis: Drug discovery and development is very expensive; of all compounds investigated for use in humans only a small fraction are eventually approved in most nations by government appointed medical institutions or boards, who have to approve new drugs before they can be marketed in those countries.


Premise: What helped insure the safety of crops from wind?

Hypothesis: Han farmers also used the pit field system (aotian 凹田) for growing crops, which involved heavily fertilized pits that did not require plows or oxen and could be placed on sloping terrain.


Premise: What is the rate of mortality for those with tuberculosis in Swaziland?

Hypothesis: Tuberculosis is also a significant problem, with an 18% mortality rate.


Premise: What can make a person believe they know someone elses sexual orientation?

Hypothesis: The attempt to detect sexual orientation in social situations is known as gaydar; some studies have found that guesses based on face photos perform better than chance.


Premise: Are predator's effects on prey easiest to see in the short-term or long-term?

Hypothesis: A predator's effect on its prey species is hard to see in the short-term.


Premise: Part of the scribal bureaucracy were trained what?

Hypothesis: This organization developed a scribal bureaucracy (known as "men of the pen") as a distinct group, partly highly trained ulama, which developed into a professional body.


Premise: What does OFUNAM stand for?

Hypothesis: Mexico City is home to a number of orchestras offering season programs.


Premise: What was not well taught that led to the founding of the Royal College of Chemistry?

Hypothesis: The Royal College of Chemistry was established by private subscription in 1845 as there was a growing awareness that practical aspects of the experimental sciences were not well taught and that in the United Kingdom the teaching of chemistry in particular had fallen behind that in Germany.


Premise: What language did most of Lower Canada speak?

Hypothesis: The 14,000 Loyalists who went to the Saint John and Saint Croix river valleys, then part of Nova Scotia, felt too far removed from the provincial government in Halifax, so London split off New Brunswick as a separate colony in 1784.


Premise: What model type do all of the lossy formats roughly depend on?

Hypothesis: The Fraunhofer Gesellschaft owns many of the basic patents underlying these formats as well, with others held by Dolby Labs, Sony, Thomson Consumer Electronics, and AT&T.


Premise: What is the total area of the levels

Hypothesis: The Somerset Levels (or Somerset Levels and Moors as they are less commonly but more correctly known) are a sparsely populated wetland area of central Somerset, between the Quantock and Mendip hills.


Premise: Does a person have to show their sexual oreintation in their personal acts?

Hypothesis: People who have a homosexual sexual orientation that does not align with their sexual identity are sometimes referred to as 'closeted'.


Premise: What disappeared during the Archaic period?

Hypothesis: The majority of population groups at this time were still highly mobile hunter-gatherers; but now individual groups started to focus on resources available to them locally, thus with the passage of time there is a pattern of increasing regional generalization like, the Southwest, Arctic, Poverty, Dalton and Plano traditions.


Premise: How much does it cost to transport a gallon of milk in some rural areas of Alaska?

Hypothesis: Most food in Alaska is transported into the state from "Outside", and shipping costs make food in the cities relatively expensive.


Premise: In what century did the Roman Empire achieve its greatest extent?

Hypothesis: The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories.


Premise: On what was the Philip Glass opera based?

Hypothesis: The lyrics of "The Child In Us" by Enigma also contains Sanskrit verses.[better source needed].


Premise: What percentage of buildings were destroyed?

Hypothesis: The earthquake had a magnitude of 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw.


Premise: Who founded Selfridges in 1909?

Hypothesis: Selfridges was established in 1909 by American-born Harry Gordon Selfridge on Oxford Street.


Premise: Besides installation cost, why are private flush toilets too expensive for most residents in Namibia?

Hypothesis: Many of Namibia's inhabitants have to resort to "flying toilets", plastic bags to defecate which after use are flung into the bush.


Premise: What is the second most populas city in Australia?

Hypothesis: It has a population of 4,347,955 as of 2013, and its inhabitants are called Melburnians.


Premise: The Cubs had a Class A minor league affiliation on two occasions with who?

Hypothesis: Two days later, on the 18th, the Cubs signed a 4-year player development contract with the South Bend Silver Hawks of the Midwest League, ending their brief relationship with the Kane County Cougars and shortly thereafter renaming the Silver Hawks the South Bend Cubs.


Premise: What is used to discern the change of intensity in light on a CD?

Hypothesis: By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc.


Premise: What did Wire do with sounds, lyrics and aesthetics which different a lot from their peers?

Hypothesis: In January 1978, singer John Lydon (then known as Johnny Rotten) announced the break-up of his pioneering punk band the Sex Pistols, citing his disillusionment with punk's musical predictability and cooption by commercial interests, as well as his desire to explore more diverse interests.


Premise: What abolished the British slave trade?

Hypothesis: The Slavery Abolition Act passed in 1833 abolished slavery in the British Empire on 1 August 1834 (with the exception of St. Helena, Ceylon and the territories administered by the East India Company, though these exclusions were later repealed).


Premise: What was the 2004-05 State Domestic Product of Delhi?

Hypothesis: According to the Economic Survey of Delhi, the metropolis has a net State Domestic Product (SDP) of Rs.


Premise: What benefit is offered by solid state paper capacitors?

Hypothesis: Paper was used extensively in older devices and offers relatively high voltage performance.


Premise: How big is the sovereign territory of Israel?

Hypothesis: The sovereign territory of Israel (according to the demarcation lines of the 1949 Armistice Agreements and excluding all territories captured by Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War) is approximately 20,770 square kilometers (8,019 sq mi) in area, of which two percent is water.


Premise: PlayStation has safeguards in place to prevent illegal use of what type of movies or video?

Hypothesis: PlayStation 3 console protects certain types of data and uses digital rights management to limit the data's use.


Premise: In what year did Hayek come to London?

Hypothesis: Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognised as one of the leading economic theorists in the world, and his development of the economics of processes in time and the co-ordination function of prices inspired the ground-breaking work of John Hicks, Abba Lerner, and many others in the development of modern microeconomics.


Premise: What was the span of time fro the Ahom Kingdom?

Hypothesis: They ruled much of Assam from the 13th century until the establishment of British rule in 1838.


Premise: John Locke, Francis Bacon, and Isaac Newton where considered the the greatest men who ever lived by which American colonist?

Hypothesis: Jefferson's political ideals were greatly influenced by the writings of John Locke, Francis Bacon, and Isaac Newton whom he considered the three greatest men that ever lived.


Premise: What were the intentions of executionists movement?

Hypothesis: Its members would seek to curb the power of the magnates at the Sejm and to strengthen the power of king and country.


Premise: Who discovered Triton?

Hypothesis: Unlike all other large planetary moons in the Solar System, Triton has a retrograde orbit, indicating that it was captured rather than forming in place; it was probably once a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt.


Premise: Who introduced educative gymnastics in France?

Hypothesis: Don Francisco Amorós y Ondeano, was born on February 19, 1770 in Valence and died on August 8, 1848 in Paris.


Premise: How much does a safari hunter spend compared to an average ecotourist?

Hypothesis: In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist.


Premise: What type of private  individual had several generals and politicians used to validate their actions?

Hypothesis: The motives of private haruspices – especially females – and their clients were officially suspect: none of this seems to have troubled Marius, who employed a Syrian prophetess.


Premise: What area holds the largest collection of plum blossoms in all of China?

Hypothesis: The annual International Plum Blossom Festival held in Plum Blossom Hill, the largest plum collection in China, attracts thousands of tourists both domestically and internationally.


Premise: Where was the first Yankee Stadium?

Hypothesis: The Bronx is the home of the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball.


Premise: What extra features do Xbox Live Gold members get?

Hypothesis: Xbox Live Gold includes the same features as Free and includes integrated online game playing capabilities outside of third-party subscriptions.


Premise: When did aircraft carriers begin being know as the capital ship of the fleet?

Hypothesis: Modern navies that operate such aircraft carriers treat them as the capital ship of the fleet, a role previously held by the battleship.


Premise: What sort of touch do the vedettes provide to the parades?

Hypothesis: Women wearing elegant, bright dresses are called vedettes and provide a sensual touch to parades.


Premise: Iranians usually eat what diet staple with lunch and dinner?

Hypothesis: Onions and garlic are normally used in the preparation of the accompanying course, but are also served separately during meals, either in raw or pickled form.


Premise: Haredi Jews do not share what with other jewish sects?

Hypothesis: In practice, the emphasis on strictness has resulted in the rise of "homogeneous enclaves" with other haredi Jews that are less likely to be threatened by assimilation and intermarriage, or even to interact with other Jews who do not share their doctrines.


Premise: How many women live in Southampton?

Hypothesis: There are 119,500 males within the city and 117,400 females.


Premise: What period in history do we see the emergence of German culture?

Hypothesis: A German ethnicity emerged in the course of the Middle Ages, ultimately as a result of the formation of the kingdom of Germany within East Francia and later the Holy Roman Empire, beginning in the 9th century.


Premise: Where did this pattern come from?

Hypothesis: This reduction pattern, inherited from Proto-Romance, is also found in Italian and Portuguese.


Premise: What year did that take place?

Hypothesis: In 1998–99, Manchester United added the 1999 Champions League title to their league and cup double to complete a unique Treble.


Premise: How did both gay and straight men react to pictures of both naked men and women?

Hypothesis: A study on how heterosexual and homosexual men's brains react to seeing pictures of naked men and women has found that both hetero- and homosexual men react positively to seeing their preferred sex, using the same brain regions.


Premise: What was the starting price of the Macintosh llfx when it was unveiled?

Hypothesis: The following year, the Macintosh IIfx, starting at US$9,900, was unveiled.


Premise: What year did Nintendo announce a new Legend of Zelda was in the works for Gamecube?

Hypothesis: In 2003, Nintendo announced that a new The Legend of Zelda game was in the works for the GameCube by the same team that had created the cel-shaded The Wind Waker.


Premise: How many other towns share a border with Atlantic City?

Hypothesis: Atlantic City was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township.


Premise: What was the court case that struck down the line item veto?

Hypothesis: In this vein, the Supreme Court held in the 1998 case Clinton v. City of New York that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the President, by powers vested in the government by the Constitution.


Premise: What compliments the challenge

Hypothesis: The Reinvent the Toilet Challenge is a long-term research and development effort to develop a hygienic, stand-alone toilet.


Premise: What major typeface font was started by The Times?

Hypothesis: The Times is the originator of the widely used Times Roman typeface, originally developed by Stanley Morison of The Times in collaboration with the Monotype Corporation for its legibility in low-tech printing.


Premise: When did the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources  come into force?

Hypothesis: The passing of the Antarctic Conservation Act (1978) in the U.S. brought several restrictions to U.S. activity on Antarctica.


Premise: How many credits were needed for an M.Sc. (Tech.) degree before the Bologna Process?

Hypothesis: from a normal university required 160 credits.


Premise: What was the estimated net State Domestic Product of New Delhi for 2010?

Hypothesis: It has an estimated net State Domestic Product (FY 2010) of ₹1595 billion (US$23 billion) in nominal terms and ~₹6800 billion (US$100 billion) in PPP terms.


Premise: Along with Linda Ronstadt, Elton John, Rod Stewart and Elvis Presley, what rock musician sometimes had songs featured on adult contemporary radio?

Hypothesis: Also, some of these stations even played softer songs by Elvis Presley, Linda Ronstadt, Elton John, Rod Stewart, Billy Joel, and other rock-based artists.


Premise: Although withdrawal from a treaty may not be possible in theory, when might it be possible anyway?

Hypothesis: The question of whether this is permitted is really a question of how other states will react to the withdrawal; for instance, another state might impose sanctions or go to war over a treaty violation.


Premise: Who founded the Southern Nazarene University

Hypothesis: Southern Nazarene University, which was founded by the Church of the Nazarene, is a university located in suburban Bethany, which is surrounded by the Oklahoma City city limits.


Premise: What is Zhejiang's own development model dubbed?

Hypothesis: In recent years Zhejiang has followed its own development model, dubbed the "Zhejiang model", which is based on prioritizing and encouraging entrepreneurship, an emphasis on small businesses responsive to the whims of the market, large public investments into infrastructure, and the production of low-cost goods in bulk for both domestic consumption and export.


Premise: Who gave the first live war report?

Hypothesis: The Crimean War also saw the first tactical use of railways and other modern inventions, such as the electric telegraph, with the first "live" war reporting to The Times by William Howard Russell.


Premise: What is involved in drug discovery?

Hypothesis: In the past most drugs have been discovered either by isolating the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery.


Premise: How similar is Western Armenian to Eastern Armenian dialect?

Hypothesis: Armenians of the Diaspora are the primary speakers of the Western dialect of the Armenian language.


Premise: When was green associated with the romantic movement in literature and art?

Hypothesis: The French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau celebrated the virtues of nature, The German poet and philosopher Goethe declared that green was the most restful color, suitable for decorating bedrooms.


Premise: What can be used to evaluate new approval processes?

Hypothesis: A 2012 report by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology made several key recommendations to reduce regulatory burdens to new drug development, including 1) expanding the FDA's use of accelerated approval processes, 2) creating an expedited approval pathway for drugs intended for use in narrowly defined populations, and 3) undertaking pilot projects designed to evaluate the feasibility of a new, adaptive drug approval process.


Premise: Why have some species spread naturally far beyond their original ranges?

Hypothesis: Some species, including cattle egret, yellow-headed caracara and galah, have spread naturally far beyond their original ranges as agricultural practices created suitable new habitat.


Premise: In what Italian city were Kim Kardashian and Kanye West wed?

Hypothesis: In June 2013, West and television personality Kim Kardashian announced the birth of their first child, North.


Premise: Are transpired collectors more or less cost-effective than glazed collection systems?

Hypothesis: The short payback period of transpired collectors (3 to 12 years) makes them a more cost-effective alternative than glazed collection systems.


Premise: Which dynasty outlawed opium trade?

Hypothesis: This trade, illegal since it was outlawed by the Qing dynasty in 1729, helped reverse the trade imbalances resulting from the British imports of tea, which saw large outflows of silver from Britain to China.


Premise: How much energy does the incandescent light ban in Europe save each year?

Hypothesis: Since incandescent light bulbs use more energy than alternatives such as CFLs and LED lamps, many governments have introduced measures to ban their use, by setting minimum efficacy standards higher than can be achieved by incandescent lamps.


Premise: Which Estonian football club competes in the EuroCup?

Hypothesis: Six Estonian basketball clubs participates in Baltic Basketball League.


Premise: What is the Holy Writ?

Hypothesis: Although Albertus Magnus did much to instill mysticism in the Order of Preachers, it is a concept that reaches back to the Hebrew Bible.


Premise: John Locke, Francis Bacon, and Isaac Newton where considered the the greatest men who ever lived by which American colonist?

Hypothesis: Thomas Jefferson called for a "wall of separation between church and state" at the federal level.


Premise: What was the De Materia Medica written about?

Hypothesis: De Materia Medica was widely read for more than 1,500 years.


Premise: What do Estonian public universities have more of than higher education institutions?

Hypothesis: Estonian public universities have significantly more autonomy than applied higher education institutions.


Premise: When did the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission report its findings?

Hypothesis: It concluded that "the crisis was avoidable and was caused by: widespread failures in financial regulation, including the Federal Reserve’s failure to stem the tide of toxic mortgages; dramatic breakdowns in corporate governance including too many financial firms acting recklessly and taking on too much risk; an explosive mix of excessive borrowing and risk by households and Wall Street that put the financial system on a collision course with crisis; key policy makers ill prepared for the crisis, lacking a full understanding of the financial system they oversaw; and systemic breaches in accountability and ethics at all levels".


Premise: How many of Chopin's works still exist?

Hypothesis: Over 230 works of Chopin survive; some compositions from early childhood have been lost.


Premise: When was Mont Blanc first climbed?

Hypothesis: Karl Blodig (1859–1956) was among the first to successfully climb all the major 4,000 m peaks.


Premise: What concept took shape during Walpole's tenure as prime minister?

Hypothesis: Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed.


Premise: What gods were in the Capitoline triad?

Hypothesis: These are supposedly the first Roman deities whose images were adorned, as if noble guests, at their own inaugural banquet.


Premise: Prior to 1997, where were racial categories declared for the U.S. Census?

Hypothesis: The Interagency Committee agreed, stating that "race" and "ethnicity" were not sufficiently defined and "that many respondents conceptualize 'race' and 'ethnicity' as one in the same  [sic] underscor[ing] the need to consolidate these terms into one category, using a term that is more meaningful to the American people."


Premise: How large was the number of injured in Beichuan County?

Hypothesis: One rescue team reported only 2,300 survivors from the town of Yingxiu in Wenchuan County, out of a total population of about 9,000.


Premise: What group has shifted the focus of research in identity?

Hypothesis: In the same way as Barth, in his approach to ethnicity, advocated the critical focus for investigation as being "the ethnic boundary that defines the group rather than the cultural stuff that it encloses" (1969:15), social anthropologists such as Cohen and Bray have shifted the focus of analytical study from identity to the boundaries that are used for purposes of identification.


Premise: Where would gravity waves in Neptune's interior dissipate?

Hypothesis: Other candidates are gravity waves from the interior that dissipate in the atmosphere.


Premise: What family of languages is the M1 haplogroup associated with?

Hypothesis: M1 is believed to have originated in Asia, where its parent M clade represents the majority of mtDNA lineages.


Premise: What terms are used for recording with more than one track?

Hypothesis: EP discs were generally used to make available tracks not on singles including tracks on LPs albums in a smaller, less expensive format for those who had only 45 rpm players.


Premise: The first post- reconstruction era republican elected to florida

Hypothesis: The first post-Reconstruction era Republican elected to Congress from Florida was William C. Cramer in 1954 from Pinellas County on the Gulf Coast, where demographic changes were underway.


Premise: Along with Donald O'Connor and Bing Crosby, with whom did Gloria Jean star?

Hypothesis: Again (1939), starring James Stewart as Destry and Marlene Dietrich in her comeback role after leaving Paramount Studios.


Premise: Who declared him "blessed?"

Hypothesis: On 3 September 2000, John XXIII was declared "Blessed" alongside Pope Pius IX by Pope John Paul II, the penultimate step on the road to sainthood after a miracle of curing an ill woman was discovered.


Premise: Who was responsible for disbanding the Sex Pistols?

Hypothesis: Weeks after ending the Sex Pistols, Lydon formed the experimental group Public Image Ltd and declared the project to be "anti music of any kind".


Premise: What was one of the festivals sanctioned by the church?

Hypothesis: As with many other Christian festivals such as Christmas which was originally a pagan midwinter festival, the Christian church has found it easier to turn the pagan Carnaval in a catholic tradition than to eliminate it.


Premise: For how many years was Cruyff manager for Barcelona?

Hypothesis: He also became the club's longest consecutive serving manager, serving eight years.


Premise: What was one of the defining ideological movements of the Twentieth Century?

Hypothesis: was, alongside liberalism and fascism, one of the defining ideological movements of the Twentieth Century.


Premise: In what year did the Sweet Adelines become an international group?

Hypothesis: In 1953 Sweet Adelines became an international organization, although it didn't change its name to Sweet Adelines International until 1991.


Premise: What was the outcome of the jury's deliberation in the trial?

Hypothesis: On 21 January 2015, the jury told the court that it was unable to reach unanimous verdicts on any of the outstanding charges and was told by the judge, Richard Marks, that he would accept majority verdicts.


Premise: What does stupas mean in English?

Hypothesis: The support of Aśoka and his descendants led to the construction of more stūpas (Buddhist religious memorials) and to efforts to spread Buddhism throughout the enlarged Maurya empire and even into neighboring lands—particularly to the Iranian-speaking regions of Afghanistan and Central Asia, beyond the Mauryas' northwest border, and to the island of Sri Lanka south of India.


Premise: In what negotiation did France offer to establish the independent Saarland?

Hypothesis: The rejection of the plan by the Saarlanders was interpreted as support for the Saar to join the Federal Republic of Germany.


Premise: Who is the second largest business district employer?

Hypothesis: In 2010 it was the workplace of 144,600 employees, of whom 38 percent worked in finance and insurance, 16 percent in business support services.


Premise: What monuments were the some of most visible of Roman culture?

Hypothesis: The ruins of temples are among the most visible monuments of ancient Roman culture.


Premise: In what Italian province was Giovanni Battista Montini born?

Hypothesis: Giovanni Battista Montini was born in the village of Concesio, in the province of Brescia, Lombardy in 1897.


Premise: What is the location of the Gwamile Vocational and Commercial Training Institute?

Hypothesis: Other technical and vocational institutions are the Gwamile Vocational and Commercial Training Institute located in Matsapha and the Manzini Industrial and Training Centre (MITC) in Manzini.


Premise: How was a barrage balloon tethered to the ground?

Hypothesis: The balloon, a simple blimp tethered to the ground, worked in two ways.


Premise: After whom are the Marshall Islands named?

Hypothesis: The islands were historically known by the inhabitants as "jolet jen Anij" (Gifts from God).


Premise: What is religious conduct protected from the interference of?

Hypothesis: Among the rights strengthened by Witness court victories in the United States are the protection of religious conduct from federal and state interference, the right to abstain from patriotic rituals and military service, the right of patients to refuse medical treatment, and the right to engage in public discourse.


Premise: Which mammal is the smallest?

Hypothesis: Mammals range in size from the 30–40 mm (1.2–1.6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale.


Premise: What's the name of the UK's national mapping agency?

Hypothesis: The Lloyd's Register Group has announced plans to move its London marine operations to a specially developed site at the University of Southampton.


Premise: To what word does the Anglo Saxon translate?

Hypothesis: The expression "bitumen" originated in the Sanskrit, where we find the words jatu, meaning "pitch," and jatu-krit, meaning "pitch creating", "pitch producing" (referring to coniferous or resinous trees).


Premise: What was the name of Victoria's King Charles Spaniel?

Hypothesis: Victoria shared a bedroom with her mother every night, studied with private tutors to a regular timetable, and spent her play-hours with her dolls and her King Charles spaniel, Dash.


Premise: Which year did Hernando de Soto explore Tennessee?

Hypothesis: The first recorded European excursions into what is now called Tennessee were three expeditions led by Spanish explorers, namely Hernando de Soto in 1540, Tristan de Luna in 1559, and Juan Pardo in 1567.


Premise: When did John begin a fresh, vigorous attack?

Hypothesis: Tensions between Louis and the English barons began to increase, prompting a wave of desertions, including William Marshal's son William and William Longespée, who both returned to John's faction.


Premise: When did Victoria's coronation take place at Westminster Abbey?

Hypothesis: Her coronation took place on 28 June 1838 at Westminster Abbey.


Premise: What was most of Nigeria's federal income being spent on?

Hypothesis: Babangida's tenure was marked by a flurry of political activity: he instituted the International Monetary Fund's Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) to aid in the repayment of the country's crushing international debt, which most federal revenue was dedicated to servicing.


Premise: At what date was Seattle incorporated as a town?

Hypothesis: On January 14, 1865, the Legislature of Territorial Washington incorporated the Town of Seattle with a board of trustees managing the city.


Premise: How many members were in the National Assembly?

Hypothesis: A day after announcing the attempt on his life, Nasser established a new provisional constitution proclaiming a 600-member National Assembly (400 from Egypt and 200 from Syria) and the dissolution of all political parties.


Premise: What three things were combined to develop desktop publishing?

Hypothesis: Initially, desktop publishing was unique to the Macintosh, but eventually became available for other platforms.


Premise: In 2013, how many people of Puerto Rican ancestry lived in New York City?

Hypothesis: Amidst a resurgence of Puerto Rican migration to New York City, this population had increased to approximately 1.3 million in the metropolitan area as of 2013.


Premise: What is the cornerstone of Portugal's national identity?

Hypothesis: Portugal's colonial history has long since been a cornerstone of its national identity, as has its geographic position at the south-western corner of Europe, looking out into the Atlantic Ocean.


Premise: What was Buckingham Palace orginally known as?

Hypothesis: It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte and became known as "The Queen's House".


Premise: Why do some police acts limit when police can interfere without court orders?

Hypothesis: To ensure that the police would not interfere in the regular competencies of the courts of law, some police acts require that the police may only interfere in such cases where protection from courts cannot be obtained in time, and where, without interference of the police, the realization of the private right would be impeded.


Premise: Which diplomat leaked information about the secret agreements?

Hypothesis: So, that day, German diplomat Hans von Herwarth, whose grandmother was Jewish, informed Guido Relli, an Italian diplomat, and American chargé d'affaires Charles Bohlen on the secret protocol regarding vital interests in the countries' allotted "spheres of influence", without revealing the annexation rights for "territorial and political rearrangement".


Premise: The protest of trial result in what specifically?

Hypothesis: Violent confrontations between the demonstrators and the New Haven police occurred, and several bombs were set off in the area by radicals.


Premise: Which one of Gregory Peck's relatives was named after Harper Lee?

Hypothesis: Peck's grandson was named "Harper" in her honor.


Premise: The first astrolabe with a mechanical calendar was invented where?

Hypothesis: The astrolabe was invented in the Hellenistic world in either the 1st or 2nd centuries BC and is often attributed to Hipparchus.


Premise: Canis latrans is what animal?

Hypothesis: lupus baileyi, and coyote Canis latrans.


Premise: How much coal is mine yearly in northeast Sinai?

Hypothesis: Substantial coal deposits in the northeast Sinai are mined at the rate of about 600,000 tonnes (590,000 long tons; 660,000 short tons) per year.


Premise: What did UN Security Council Resolution 1564 authorize in 2004?

Hypothesis: In fact, in January 2005, an International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur, authorized by UN Security Council Resolution 1564 of 2004, issued a report to the Secretary-General stating that "the Government of the Sudan has not pursued a policy of genocide."


Premise: In 2007, what kind of contest was Jennifer Strange participating in upon her death?

Hypothesis: A well-publicized case occurred in 2007, when Jennifer Strange died while participating in a water-drinking contest.


Premise: When did the torch arrive in Nagano?

Hypothesis: Japan: The event was held in Nagano, which hosted the 1998 Winter Olympics, on April 26.


Premise: Who is trying to attract investments for hydropower in Tajikistan?

Hypothesis: Tajikistan is home to the Nurek Dam, the highest dam in the world.


Premise: What is the first Nidana?

Hypothesis: Then the absence of the first Nidāna—ignorance—leads to the absence of the others.


Premise: What phrase did Popper use to describe Darwinism's relation to proper falsifiable theories?

Hypothesis: For example, he famously stated "Darwinism is not a testable scientific theory, but a metaphysical research program—a possible framework for testable scientific theories."


Premise: How are voice-onset time details usually presented?

Hypothesis: The aspiration modifier letter may be doubled to indicate especially strong or long aspiration.


Premise: What type of vehicles are the passenger cabs?

Hypothesis: The passenger cabs, which are automated guided vehicles or AGVs, move into the vertical motion shaft and lock themselves in before the elevator starts moving vertically.


Premise: How long did the AC system last in northern Italy?

Hypothesis: Italy was the major user, for lines in the mountainous regions of northern Italy from 1901 until 1976.


Premise: Which borough had the highest HDI score?

Hypothesis: Benito Juárez borough had the highest HDI of the country (.9510) followed by Miguel Hidalgo which came up 4th nationally with a HDI of (.9189)


Premise: What was the name of the Windows 8 advertising campaign?

Hypothesis: On June 12, 2013 during game 1 of the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals, Microsoft premiered the first ad in its "Windows Everywhere" campaign, which promoted Windows 8, Windows Phone 8, and the company's suite of online services as an interconnected platform.


Premise: What operator drops off and picks up passengers at West Quay?

Hypothesis: Certain Bluestar services also do this, while others stop at Bargate and some loop round West Quay, stopping at Hanover Buildings.


Premise: These theorems have to assume what theory is correct?

Hypothesis: While the Big Bang model is well established in cosmology, it is likely to be refined in the future.


Premise: When did Hojo Shigetoki die?

Hypothesis: He should not scandalize his name forever by holding his one and only life too dear....


Premise: The terms and travaux preparatoire of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights were both factors in determining what aspect of the treaty as it relates to North Korea's stated intentions?

Hypothesis: When North Korea declared its intention to do this the Secretary-General of the United Nations, acting as registrar, said that original signatories of the ICCPR had not overlooked the possibility of explicitly providing for withdrawal, but rather had deliberately intended not to provide for it.


Premise: How much more gin than beer was made in England in 1740?

Hypothesis: Gin was brought to England by the Dutch after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and became very popular after the government created a market for "cuckoo grain" or "cuckoo malt" that was unfit to be used in brewing and distilling by allowing unlicensed gin and beer production, while imposing a heavy duty on all imported spirits.


Premise: Currently, contestants can not have a recording track by what stage of the competition?

Hypothesis: The contestants must be legal U.S. residents, cannot have advanced to particular stages of the competition in previous seasons (varies depending on the season, currently by the semi-final stage until season thirteen), and must not hold any current recording or talent representation contract by the semi-final stage (in previous years by the audition stage).


Premise: Greece is ranked as what member of ESA?

Hypothesis: Having formally applied for full membership in 2003, Greece became the ESA's sixteenth member on 16 March 2005.


Premise: In the 1970 s what developer built high rises in downtown Houston?

Hypothesis: In the 1960s, Downtown Houston consisted of a collection of mid-rise office structures.


Premise: What is 187th Street interrupted by?

Hypothesis: West of there, it is mostly lined with store fronts and serves as a main shopping district for the Hudson Heights neighborhood.


Premise: In 1938 what was von Neumann awarded?

Hypothesis: In a number of von Neumann's papers, the methods of argument he employed are considered even more significant than the results.


Premise: ABout how many people in the state of Montana speak Cheyenne?

Hypothesis: The United States Department of Education estimated in 2009 that 5,274 students in Montana spoke a language at home other than English.


Premise: Where do many rodents live?

Hypothesis: Many rodents such as voles live underground.


Premise: When was antibacterial-resistance demonstrated?

Hypothesis: Antibiotics such as penicillin and erythromycin, which used to have a high efficacy against many bacterial species and strains, have become less effective, due to the increased resistance of many bacterial strains.


Premise: What epidemic resulted in numerous deaths between the 1830s and 1860s?

Hypothesis: All three of these peoples, as well as other indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, experienced smallpox outbreaks from the late 18th through the mid-19th century, with the most devastating epidemics occurring in the 1830s and 1860s, resulting in high fatalities and social disruption.


Premise: What was the latest a town was established in Thuringia?

Hypothesis: The first towns emerged during the 12th century, whereas the latest ones received town status only in the 20th century.


Premise: How much of the person is needed to fully engage in a ecumenical dialogue according to Paul VI?

Hypothesis: Ecumenical dialogue, in the view of Paul VI, requires from a Catholic the whole person: one's entire reason, will, and heart.


Premise: What time period is known at the common practice period?

Hypothesis: The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common practice period.


Premise: Decision changes at organizational levels led to what type of attacks?

Hypothesis: These decisions, apparently taken at the Luftflotte or Fliegerkorps level (see Organisation of the Luftwaffe (1933–1945)), meant attacks on individual targets were gradually replaced by what was, for all intents and purposes, an unrestricted area attack or Terrorangriff (Terror Attack).


Premise: Name one reason the ancient and distinct Jewish languages have largely fallen out of use?

Hypothesis: For centuries, Jews worldwide have spoken the local or dominant languages of the regions they migrated to, often developing distinctive dialectal forms or branches that became independent languages.


Premise: What happens with an illegal pinning move when it is seen by a referee?

Hypothesis: Such pins as these are rarely seen by the referee (as they have to see if their shoulders are down) and are subsequently often used by heels and on occasion by cheating faces to win matches.


Premise: How many kingdoms have buildings present in the Durbar Square of Kathmandu?

Hypothesis: The Durbar Square of Kathmandu is located in the old city and has heritage buildings representing four kingdoms (Kantipur, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, Kirtipur); the earliest is the Licchavi dynasty.


Premise: Where were loud instruments best placed for good sound quality?

Hypothesis: Contrary to popular belief, if placed properly and prepared-for, drums could be effectively used and heard on even the earliest jazz and military band recordings.


Premise: Who produced the compilation "No New York"?

Hypothesis: The no wave-affiliated label ZE Records was founded in 1978, and would also produce acclaimed and influential compilations in subsequent years.


Premise: What type of property are trademarks and copyrights?

Hypothesis: In areas like antitrust, trademark, and employment law, there are powerful laws at both the federal and state levels that coexist with each other.


Premise: The army in this war was primarily made up of what sort of units?

Hypothesis: However, it was too oriented to small posts in the West and not as well-prepared for an overseas conflict.


Premise: What were people allowed to do to bricks for a fee to support the stadium redesign?

Hypothesis: The idea was popular with supporters, and thousands of people paid the fee.


Premise: What descriptive name was Op. 64, No. 1 given?

Hypothesis: The Funeral March, the third movement of his Sonata No. 2 (Op. 35), the one case where he did give a title, was written before the rest of the sonata, but no specific event or death is known to have inspired it.


Premise: How economically forward has this area been?

Hypothesis: Experts point out that the earthquake hit an area that has been largely neglected and untouched by China's economic rise.


Premise: What did Burke think had disgraced Britain in India?

Hypothesis: The historian Piers Brendon asserts that Burke laid the moral foundations for the British Empire, epitomised in the trial of Warren Hastings, that was ultimately to be its undoing: when Burke stated that "The British Empire must be governed on a plan of freedom, for it will be governed by no other", this was "...an ideological bacillus that would prove fatal.


Premise: What is the cause of neuron loss due to stress?

Hypothesis: This high level of extracellular glutamate allow calcium to enter NMDA receptors which in return kills neurons.


Premise: What did Carl von Voit and Max Rubner apply to nutrition in order to receive their results?

Hypothesis: In the middle of twelve years of attempts to isolate them, Hopkins said in a 1906 lecture that "unsuspected dietetic factors," other than calories, protein, and minerals, are needed to prevent deficiency diseases.


Premise: What is a second recording that is of note?

Hypothesis: Notable interviews include Thomas Alderson, the first recipient of the George Cross, John Cormack, who survived eight days trapped beneath rubble on Clydeside, and Herbert Morrison's famous "Britain shall not burn" appeal for more fireguards in December 1940.


Premise: What was Notre Dame's first college?

Hypothesis: The College of Arts and Letters was established as the university's first college in 1842 with the first degrees given in 1849.


Premise: What animal does buff come from?

Hypothesis: Buff (meat of water buffalo) is very common.


Premise: What worsened the situation at the end of 2012?

Hypothesis: Further problems hampered the Arctic project after the commencement of drilling in 2012, as Shell dealt with a series of issues that involved air permits, Coast Guard certification of a marine vessel and severe damage to essential oil-spill equipment.


Premise: Where does Catalan get a lot of its learned words?

Hypothesis: On the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries Catalan had a number of Greco-Latin learned words much superior to other Romance languages, as it can be attested for example in Roís de Corella's writings.


Premise: What did Sadat and Begin sign?

Hypothesis: In the two years that followed, Sadat and Begin signed the Camp David Accords (1978) and the Israel–Egypt Peace Treaty (1979).


Premise: Within what distance from the line of scrimmage can offensive players who do not have the ball be legally contacted by defensive players?

Hypothesis: unless he is within one yard of the line of scrimmage (instead of 5 yards (4.6 m) in American football).


Premise: What were biologists trying to avoid discussing the political implications of?

Hypothesis: Physical anthropology texts argued that biological races exist until the 1970s, when they began to argue that races do not exist.


Premise: When was Louise Weiss inaugurated?

Hypothesis: Those sessions take place in the Immeuble Louise Weiss, inaugurated in 1999, which houses the largest parliamentary assembly room in Europe and of any democratic institution in the world.


Premise: From where did pubs without written names derive their names?

Hypothesis: Another important factor was that during the Middle Ages a large proportion of the population would have been illiterate and so pictures on a sign were more useful than words as a means of identifying a public house.


Premise: What was Detroit ranked as in a 2010 study on segregated cities?

Hypothesis: The city has also moved down the ranking, from number one most segregated to number four.


Premise: Who holds TV distribution rights to Paramount's post-1949 releases?

Hypothesis: Most Paramount sound releases made prior to 1950 are owned by EMKA, Ltd./NBCUniversal Television Distribution, while Paramount (currently owned by Viacom) holds on to most of its post-1949 releases, which are distributed for television by Trifecta Entertainment & Media.


Premise: What two things did the operators of the gun have to do?

Hypothesis: The gun operators simply followed the pointer and loaded the shells.


Premise: How many miles long is NH-7?

Hypothesis: Five state highways, SH-1, SH-2, SH-4, SH-5 and SH-6, either start from, or pass through, Hyderabad.:58


Premise: Which three Atlantic archipelagos did Portugal discover?

Hypothesis: During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde, explored the African coast, colonized selected areas of Africa, discovered an eastern route to India via the Cape of Good Hope, discovered Brazil, explored the Indian Ocean, established trading routes throughout most of southern Asia, and sent the first direct European maritime trade and diplomatic missions to China and Japan.


Premise: What happens to zinc when it is manipulated to the temperatures between 100 and 150 Celsius?

Hypothesis: The metal is hard and brittle at most temperatures but becomes malleable between 100 and 150 °C.


Premise: Who separated them?

Hypothesis: There are seven suburbicarian sees: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri.


Premise: How can additional points be earned?

Hypothesis: Additional points (with no maximum at the highest levels of competition) can be earned depending on the difficulty of the moves and the length of time taken to complete the ten skills which is an indication of the average height of the jumps.


Premise: What possible predecessor of Pathian is thought to have existed?

Hypothesis: It is possible that other distinct dialect groups were already in existence during this period.


Premise: For about how long does full immunity from the TB vaccine last?

Hypothesis: Part of the reasoning against the use of the vaccine is that it makes the tuberculin skin test falsely positive, reducing the test's use in screening.


Premise: What modern building material did Viollet-le-Duc teach reform Gothic designers to work with?

Hypothesis: He taught a generation of reform-Gothic designers and showed how to apply Gothic style to modern structural materials, especially cast iron.


Premise: What was the name of the database product created by IBM?

Hypothesis: The first version was ready in 1974/5, and work then started on multi-table systems in which the data could be split so that all of the data for a record (some of which is optional) did not have to be stored in a single large "chunk".


Premise: What people were a menace to the coastal areas of the Province of carolina?

Hypothesis: North Carolina became one of the English Thirteen Colonies and with the territory of South Carolina was originally known as the Province of Carolina.


Premise: What do deuterostome embryos undergo during cell division?

Hypothesis: In most protostomes, cells simply fill in the interior of the gastrula to form the mesoderm, called schizocoelous development, but in deuterostomes, it forms through invagination of the endoderm, called enterocoelic pouching.


Premise: What did Kim Il-Sung do after the peace overture was rejected?

Hypothesis: On 21 June, Kim Il-Sung revised his war plan to involve general attack across the 38th parallel, rather than a limited operation in the Ongjin peninsula.


Premise: Where do you find silicate?

Hypothesis: The corresponding reaction leading to the formation of magnetite (Fe_3O_4), quartz (SiO_2) and hydrogen (H_2) is the following:


Premise: What percentage of Egyptians polled support death penalty for those leaving Islam?

Hypothesis: According to a 2010 Pew Global Attitudes survey, 84% of Egyptians polled supported the death penalty for those who leave Islam; 77% supported whippings and cutting off of hands for theft and robbery; and 82% support stoning a person who commits adultery.


Premise: Where was the Mielnik Polish–Lithuanian union refromed?

Hypothesis: On 23 October 1501, at Mielnik Polish–Lithuanian union was reformed at the Union of Mielnik (Polish: unia mielnicka, unia piotrkowsko-mielnicka).


Premise: What is the purpose of adolescence?

Hypothesis: Within all of these perspectives, adolescence is viewed as a transitional period between childhood and adulthood, whose cultural purpose is the preparation of children for adult roles.


Premise: In what county is the Bingley Arms located?

Hypothesis: Ye Olde Man & Scythe in Bolton, Lancashire, is mentioned by name in a charter of 1251, but the current building is dated 1631.


Premise: What do the Chamorro believe in according to Historian Lawrence Cinningham

Hypothesis: Historian Lawrence Cunningham in 1992 wrote, "In a Chamorro sense, the land and its produce belong to everyone.


Premise: How many Grammies has Kanye won as of 2013?

Hypothesis: On May 16, 2008, Kanye West was crowned by MTV as the year's No. 1 "Hottest MC in the Game."


Premise: Who used tuple calculus to show the functionality of databases?

Hypothesis: Using a branch of mathematics known as tuple calculus, he demonstrated that such a system could support all the operations of normal databases (inserting, updating etc.) as well as providing a simple system for finding and returning sets of data in a single operation.


Premise: Near the end of the war, where the did some of the german command flee to?

Hypothesis: The German original of the secret protocols was presumably destroyed in the bombing of Germany, but in late 1943, Ribbentrop had ordered that the most secret records of the German Foreign Office from 1933 on, amounting to some 9,800 pages, be microfilmed.


Premise: Which generation of PowerBooks introduced trackpads?

Hypothesis: Although due to considerable design issues, it was soon replaced in 1991 with the first of the PowerBook line: the PowerBook 100, a miniaturized portable; the 16 MHz 68030 PowerBook 140; and the 25 MHz 68030 PowerBook 170.


Premise: What were the Japanese originally going to drop on San Diego from their kamikaze planes?

Hypothesis: The plan was called "Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night" and called for kamikaze planes filled with fleas infected with plague (Yersinia pestis) to crash into civilian population centers in the city, hoping to spread plague in the city and effectively kill tens of thousands of civilians.


Premise: How many homes were rebuilt?

Hypothesis: 1,300 schools had been reconstructed, with initial relocation of 25 townships, including Beichuan and Wenchuan, two of the most devastated areas.


Premise: Slavs that remained in the Carpathian basin were assimilated into who?

Hypothesis: Although the majority continued south, attracted by the riches of the territory which would become Bulgaria, a few remained in the Carpathian basin and were ultimately assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population.


Premise: How many shipping containers did the Port of Melbourne handle during a 12-month period in 2007, making it one of the top five ports in the Southern Hemisphere?

Hypothesis: The Port of Melbourne is Australia's largest container and general cargo port and also its busiest.


Premise: What year did Georgian architecture begin to be abandoned?

Hypothesis: Neoclassical architecture remained popular, and was the opponent of Gothic in the Battle of the Styles of the early Victorian period.


Premise: What method did Archimedes employ to determine the area under a parabola?

Hypothesis: He is also known in physics for laying the foundations of hydrostatics, statics, and the explanation of the principle of the lever.


Premise: What publishing company bought To Kill a Mockingbird?

Hypothesis: An editor at J. B. Lippincott , who bought the manuscript, advised her to quit the airline and concentrate on writing.


Premise: In what era was Frédéric active in?

Hypothesis: Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the solo piano.


Premise: In Theravada Buddhism, what is the cause of human existence and suffering?

Hypothesis: In Theravāda Buddhism, the cause of human existence and suffering is identified as craving, which carries with it the various defilements.


Premise: Meninges separate what structure from the brain?

Hypothesis: Vertebrate brains are surrounded by a system of connective tissue membranes called meninges that separate the skull from the brain.


Premise: Where was a conference held in 1884 to regulate European competition for Africa?

Hypothesis: The scramble continued into the 1890s, and caused Britain to reconsider its decision in 1885 to withdraw from Sudan.


Premise: Who was the Admiral of the German pocket ship?

Hypothesis: After the Battle of the River Plate with the Royal Navy and Royal New Zealand Navy on 13 December 1939, the Graf Spee retreated to Montevideo's port, which was considered neutral at the time.


Premise: What happened with people with Shigella were treated with anti-diarrheal medication?

Hypothesis: The researchers indeed themselves observed that: "Lomotil may be contraindicated in shigellosis.


Premise: Which government lost $422 million in potential tax money?

Hypothesis: The U.S. government was also reported to suffer from music piracy, losing $422 million in tax revenue.


Premise: Who did a recording where Étude Op. 10 No. 5. follows relude Op. 28 No. 7?

Hypothesis: The preludes were perhaps not intended to be played as a group, and may even have been used by him and later pianists as generic preludes to others of his pieces, or even to music by other composers, as Kenneth Hamilton suggests: he has noted a recording by Ferruccio Busoni of 1922, in which the Prelude Op.


Premise: What did a visitor give to Nistor?

Hypothesis: A visitor from the west gave her bootlegged copies of American movies, which she dubbed for secret viewings through Romania.


Premise: Do a teen's friends have a large or small impact on their social development?

Hypothesis: Research shows that relationships have the largest affect over the social development of an individual.


Premise: When was Fort Hamilton built?

Hypothesis: Established in 1825 in Brooklyn on the site of a small battery utilized during the American Revolution, it is one of America's longest serving military forts.


Premise: How many royal parks are located in the center of London?

Hypothesis: Primrose Hill in the northern part of Regent's Park at 256 feet (78 m) is a popular spot to view the city skyline.


Premise: What TV station is the main public service broadcaster in Somalia?

Hypothesis: The Mogadishu-based Somali National Television is the principal national public service broadcaster.


Premise: What are solar cookers used for?

Hypothesis: Solar cookers use sunlight for cooking, drying and pasteurization.


Premise: What did Professor Grimm's last email accuse Imperial College of before his death?

Hypothesis: Grimm's last email accused his employers of bullying by demanding that he should get grants worth at least £200,000 per year.


Premise: What is the NAB?

Hypothesis: A number of 78 rpm record producers as well as early LP makers also cut their records to the NAB/NARTB lateral standard.


Premise: Calculating molar volume requires knowledge of what two factors?

Hypothesis: The molar volume Vm(Si) requires a knowledge of the density of the crystal and the atomic weight of the silicon used.


Premise: How many speakers of Sanskrit were there by the 1991 census?

Hypothesis: The 1991 Indian census reported 49,736 fluent speakers of Sanskrit.


Premise: Where did Naguib end up after the turmoil?

Hypothesis: Naguib was removed from the presidency and put under house arrest, but was never tried or sentenced, and no one in the army rose to defend him.


Premise: In what year was the last known person sentenced to death in England for heresy?

Hypothesis: " The last execution of a "heretic" in England occurred under James VI and I in 1612.


Premise: How many portals are typically found on the west front of French cathedrals?

Hypothesis: In the south of France, many of the major churches are without transepts and some are without aisles.


Premise: What agency manages Tucson's water?

Hypothesis: The state manages all water in Arizona through its Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR).


Premise: How close was the race betwen Turnbull and Abbott in 2009?

Hypothesis: On 1 December 2009, a subsequent leadership election saw Turnbull lose the leadership to Tony Abbott by 42 votes to 41 on the second ballot.


Premise: What percentage of female matais are there in Samoa?

Hypothesis: Universal suffrage was adopted in 1990, but only chiefs (matai) may stand for election to the Samoan seats.


Premise: What ultimately determined nobility?

Hypothesis: In doing so, however, these szlachta retained all their constitutional prerogatives, as it was not wealth or lifestyle (obtainable by the gentry), but hereditary juridical status, that determined nobility.


Premise: Which medal did Greece's women's water polo team win at the 2004 Summer Olympics?

Hypothesis: They have also won the silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics, the gold medal at the 2005 World League and the silver medals at the 2010 and 2012 European Championships.


Premise: When did London most recently host the Summer Olympics?

Hypothesis: In 2012, London became the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.


Premise: In what part of Kathmandu is the Institute of Medicine found?

Hypothesis: Institute of Medicine, the central college of Tribhuwan University is the first medical college of Nepal and is located in Maharajgunj, Kathmandu.


Premise: Where are the quartiers sensibles located?

Hypothesis: These areas, quartiers sensibles ("sensitive quarters"), are in northern and eastern Paris, namely around its Goutte d'Or and Belleville neighbourhoods.


Premise: What institution holds a heel bone with a spike inserted?

Hypothesis: Although almost all ancient sources relating to crucifixion are literary, the 1968 archeological discovery just northeast of Jerusalem of the body of a crucified man dated to the 1st century provided good confirmatory evidence that crucifixions occurred during the Roman period roughly according to the manner in which the crucifixion of Jesus is described in the gospels.


Premise: Who published the Twilight Princess comic book series?

Hypothesis: A Japan-exclusive manga series based on Twilight Princess, penned and illustrated by Akira Himekawa, was first released on February 8, 2016.


Premise: To what did the journals shift attention of the cultivated public away from and towards novelty and innovation?

Hypothesis: They shifted the attention of the "cultivated public" away from established authorities to novelty and innovation, and promoted the "enlightened" ideals of toleration and intellectual objectivity.


Premise: What does selling unlicensed products mean that the seller is doing?

Hypothesis: To make, sell and/or distribute products using the [MPEG Layer-3] standard and thus our patents, you need to obtain a license under these patents from us."


Premise: Insects are the only invertebrates that have evolved into what?

Hypothesis: Some entomologists suggest that the wings are from paranotal lobes, or extensions from the insect's exoskeleton called the nota, called the paranotal theory.


Premise: What parties is the color black associated with?

Hypothesis: Black is generally associated with fascist parties, going back to Benito Mussolini's blackshirts, but also with Anarchism.


Premise: Do athletes use apparatuses in the international AGG competitions?

Hypothesis: Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbon, hoop and clubs are used on the floor area.


Premise: The first woman that went into space was whom?

Hypothesis: Tereshkova was one of a small corps of female cosmonauts who were amateur parachutists, but Tereshkova was the only one to fly.


Premise: In what year was Wayman v. Southard tried by the U.S. Supreme Court?

Hypothesis: Where Congress does not make great and sweeping delegations of its authority, the Supreme Court has been less stringent.


Premise: What year was The National Historical Publications and Records Commission established?

Hypothesis: Since 1964, the NHPRC has awarded some 4,500 grants.


Premise: What region was seized

Hypothesis: The prince-bishopric was involved in almost continuous conflicts with the Counts of Holland and the Dukes of Guelders.


Premise: What song did Kanye end up writing that referenced his outburst against Taylor Swift?

Hypothesis: He also revealed he had written a song for Swift and if she did not accept the song, he would perform it himself.


Premise: What comprises the standard pronunciation of Catalan?

Hypothesis: Central Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language and has the highest number of speakers.


Premise: What newspaper reported Kotick's concerns and his threat to stop supporting the PlayStation platform?

Hypothesis: Kotick received heavy criticism for the statement, notably from developer Bioware who questioned the wisdom of the threatened move, and referred to the statement as "silly."


Premise: Which month is the driest?

Hypothesis: The average window for freezing temperatures is November 6 thru April 2, allowing a growing season of 217 days.


Premise: Who wrote the music for 'Into the West'?

Hypothesis: For his 2010 miniseries The Pacific he teamed up once again with co-producer Tom Hanks, with Gary Goetzman also co-producing'.


Premise: What are Jehovah Witnesses allowed to accept at their discretion?

Hypothesis: Though Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions of whole blood, they may accept some blood plasma fractions at their own discretion.


Premise: Who was among the first to successfully climb all the major 4,000m peaks?

Hypothesis: Karl Blodig (1859–1956) was among the first to successfully climb all the major 4,000 m peaks.


Premise: What political position did Bentham think police should have?

Hypothesis: Peel decided to standardise the police force as an official paid profession, to organise it in a civilian fashion, and to make it answerable to the public.


Premise: What is the name of the beautiful woman who Virgil enamoured?

Hypothesis: In this story Virgil became enamoured of a beautiful woman, sometimes described as the emperor's daughter or mistress and called Lucretia.


Premise: What church uses wine to celebrate the Eucharist?

Hypothesis: Wine is used (not grape juice) both due to its strong Scriptural roots, and also to follow the tradition set by the early Christian Church.


Premise: What was the professions of Joseph Dobrovský?

Hypothesis: During the revival, in 1809 linguist and historian Josef Dobrovský released a German-language grammar of Old Czech entitled Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache (Comprehensive Doctrine of the Bohemian Language).


Premise: What Arab State lied between the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula?

Hypothesis: The Nabatean Kingdom was an Arab state located between the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula.


Premise: When was "post-punk" first used to start describing artists?

Hypothesis: These artists instead defined punk as "an imperative to constant change", believing that "radical content demands radical form".


Premise: When did 'Temple of Doom' debut?

Hypothesis: His next directorial feature was the Raiders prequel Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom.


Premise: In some political models like semi-presidential systems, what does the prime minister manage?

Hypothesis: In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential systems of government, a prime minister is the official who is appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state.


Premise: What do many residents combine with Islamic and Christian practices?

Hypothesis: These statistics can be misleading, however, as many residents practice syncretic forms of Islamic and Christian faiths, combining their practices with traditional African beliefs.


Premise: To be shown on SDTV in PAL-system countries, at what rate is cinema film scanned?

Hypothesis: In NTSC-system countries, the TV scan rate of 30 frame/s would cause a perceptible speedup if the same were attempted, and the necessary correction is performed by a technique called 3:2 Pulldown:


Premise: What was Sega's competitor to the NES called in Japan?

Hypothesis: However, it took several years for Sega's system to become successful.


Premise: A large part of Boston's economy is made up of what?

Hypothesis: Tourism also composes a large part of Boston's economy, with 21.2 million domestic and international visitors spending $8.3 billion in 2011; excluding visitors from Canada and Mexico, over 1.4 million international tourists visited Boston in 2014, with those from China and the United Kingdom leading the list.


Premise: How many magnet schools are there in Raleigh?

Hypothesis: There are four early college high schools in Raleigh.


Premise: What became cheap enough for the middle class to buy?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, the Industrial Revolution laid open the door for mass production and consumption.


Premise: To what profession do both Leonard Lieberman and Fatimah Linda Jackson belong?

Hypothesis: In 1964, the biologists Paul Ehrlich and Holm pointed out cases where two or more clines are distributed discordantly—for example, melanin is distributed in a decreasing pattern from the equator north and south; frequencies for the haplotype for beta-S hemoglobin, on the other hand, radiate out of specific geographical points in Africa.


Premise: Where are the Saores based?

Hypothesis: One of the organization's founders, Les Costello, was a onetime NHL player who was ordained as a priest after retiring from professional hockey.


Premise: What aerospace companies exist in Portugal?

Hypothesis: Modern non-traditional technology-based industries, such as aerospace, biotechnology and information technology, have been developed in several locations across the country.


Premise: Who called Madonna a dynamic entrepreneur?

Hypothesis: Professor Colin Barrow from Cranfield School of Management described Madonna as "America's smartest businesswoman ... who has moved to the top of her industry and stayed there by constantly reinventing herself."


Premise: Who ordered the cease-fire that effectively ended hostilities?

Hypothesis: Some US politicians were disappointed by this move, believing Bush should have pressed on to Baghdad and removed Hussein from power; there is little doubt that coalition forces could have accomplished this if they had desired.


Premise: Why is calculating the days of the Gregorian calendar not simple?

Hypothesis: Calculating the day of the week is not very simple, because of the irregularities in the Gregorian system.


Premise: What is the goal of protecting National Parks from damage?

Hypothesis: A limit is placed on the number of visitors permitted to enter certain fragile areas.


Premise: When was the last time the climate plan was modified?

Hypothesis: This legislature includes the Building Energy Reporting and Disclosure Ordinance, which requires the city's larger buildings to disclose their yearly energy and water use statistics and partake in an energy assessment every five years.


Premise: What was the event that ended religious unity in the Western Church?

Hypothesis: The Catholic Church had long fought against heretic movements, but during the Late Middle Ages, it started to experience demands for reform from within.


Premise: Where did Igor get warriors from after returning to Kiev after being drivin out by the Byzatines?

Hypothesis: In 944 the Rus' force advanced again on the Greeks, by land and sea, and a Byzantine force from Cherson responded.


Premise: Where did David Jones and Charles Appleton meet?

Hypothesis: Appleton established a store in Sydney in 1825 and Jones subsequently established a partnership with Appleton, moved to Australia in 1835, and the Sydney store became known as Appleton & Jones.


Premise: What type of region is somerset

Hypothesis: The city of Bath is famous for its substantial Georgian architecture and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.


Premise: Whos flag officially is a red rose on a white field?

Hypothesis: Lancashire's official flag is registered as a red rose on a gold field.


Premise: What causes the decrease of capacitance in ceramic capacitors as they age?

Hypothesis: The capacitance of certain capacitors decreases as the component ages.


Premise: Prose literature can be sub-divided into what formats?

Hypothesis: Literature consists of written productions, often restricted to those deemed to have artistic or intellectual value.


Premise: What does 'yoh-hu' mean?

Hypothesis: The Duomin (Chinese: 惰民; pinyin: duò mín; Wade–Giles: to-min) are a caste of outcasts in this province.


Premise: About what percentage of Old English words are not present in Modern English?

Hypothesis: Perhaps around 85 per cent of Old English words are no longer in use, but those that survived, to be sure, are basic elements of Modern English vocabulary.


Premise: How much of Pakistan's small-scale manufacturing is in Punjab?

Hypothesis: It counts for 39.2% of large scale manufacturing and 70% of small scale manufacturing in the country.


Premise: What was the Bronx called in the mid-19th century?

Hypothesis: Much of the West Bronx's street numbering carries over from upper Manhattan, but does not match it exactly; East 132nd Street is the lowest numbered street in the Bronx.


Premise: What policy made the Mughals a successful dynasty?

Hypothesis: The Mughals, while often employing brutal tactics to subjugate their empire, had a policy of integration with Indian culture, which is what made them successful where the short-lived Sultanates of Delhi had failed.


Premise: What were ANSI values often called in the beginning?

Hypothesis: Originally, ASA values were frequently referred to as American standard speed numbers or ASA exposure-index numbers.


Premise: What is anting?

Hypothesis: Many species will spread out their wings and expose them to direct sunlight and this too is thought to help in reducing fungal and ectoparasitic activity that may lead to feather damage.


Premise: What does MOCAD stand for?

Hypothesis: Other cultural highlights include Motown Historical Museum, the Ford Piquette Avenue Plant museum (birthplace of the Ford Model T and the world's oldest car factory building open to the public), the Pewabic Pottery studio and school, the Tuskegee Airmen Museum, Fort Wayne, the Dossin Great Lakes Museum, the Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit (MOCAD), the Contemporary Art Institute of Detroit (CAID), and the Belle Isle Conservatory.


Premise: In which year was the Kingdom of Castile formed?

Hypothesis: A year before Alfonso III "the Great" of Asturias death, three of Alfonso's sons rose in rebellion and forced him to abdicate, partitioning the kingdom among them.


Premise: What type of Spanish clothings were worn for the video La Ista Bonita?

Hypothesis: The imagery and incorporation of Hispanic culture and Catholic symbolism continued with the music videos from the True Blue era.


Premise: Along with Chabad of Virginia, what is the other Orthodox synagogue in Richmond?

Hypothesis: There are two Orthodox Synagogues, Keneseth Beth Israel and Chabad of Virginia.


Premise: Who was the Duke of Bavaria in 1516?

Hypothesis: In 1516, William IV, Duke of Bavaria, adopted the Reinheitsgebot (purity law), perhaps the oldest food-quality regulation still in use in the 21st century, according to which the only allowed ingredients of beer are water, hops and barley-malt.


Premise: Which religious group holds the Eid ul-Fitr festival in Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: This migration resulted in a mingling of North and South Indian languages, cultures and religions, which has since led to a co-existence of Hindu and Muslim traditions, for which the city has become noted.:viii A further consequence of this north–south mix is that both Telugu and Urdu are official languages of Telangana.


Premise: How many copies has To Kill a Mockingbird sold since it first came out?

Hypothesis: One year after its publication To Kill a Mockingbird had been translated into ten languages.


Premise: What was the dominant form of written communication?

Hypothesis: Chinese characters are sometimes used to this day for either clarification in a practical manner, or to give a distinguished appearance, as knowledge of Chinese characters is considered a high class attribute and an indispensable part of a classical education.[citation needed]


Premise: Can Npos match the wages of public and private sector employers?

Hypothesis: It has been mentioned that most nonprofits will never be able to match the pay of the private sector and therefore should focus their attention on benefits packages, incentives and implementing pleasurable work environments.


Premise: What's another name for Old Frisian?

Hypothesis: At more or less the same time the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law led to the development of Old Saxon, Old Frisian (Anglo-Frisian) and Old English (Anglo-Saxon).


Premise: What does symbolic reference link appearance with?

Hypothesis: In this way symbolic reference is a fusion of pure sense perceptions on the one hand and causal relations on the other, and that it is in fact the causal relationships that dominate the more basic mentality (as the dog illustrates), while it is the sense perceptions which indicate a higher grade mentality (as the artist illustrates).


Premise: How much of Pakistan's GDP came from Punjab in 2000?

Hypothesis: Its share of Pakistan's GDP was 54.7% in 2000 and 59% as of 2010.


Premise: What name is the Premier League known as outside of the United Kingdom?

Hypothesis: It is currently sponsored by Barclays Bank and thus officially known as the Barclays Premier League and is colloquially known as the Premiership.


Premise: What can one not mark between the variety of mankind?

Hypothesis: Blumenbach also noted the graded transition in appearances from one group to adjacent groups and suggested that "one variety of mankind does so sensibly pass into the other, that you cannot mark out the limits between them".


Premise: On what date was Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed released?

Hypothesis: On May 18, 2000, Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed was released by Midway Games for the PlayStation game console.


Premise: When was vaccination used to prevent the spread of the foot-and-mouth virus?

Hypothesis: Another example is the use of ring culling or vaccination of potentially susceptible livestock in adjacent farms to prevent the spread of the foot-and-mouth virus in 2001.


Premise: Jews from what nation chartered the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi was infuriated that Egypt had not done more to prevent the incident, and in retaliation planned to destroy the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2, a British ship chartered by American Jews to sail to Haifa for Israel's 25th anniversary.


Premise: A North German Federation under Prussian hegemony replaced what confederation?

Hypothesis: The Confederation was dissolved after the Austro-Prussian War and replaced by a North German Federation under Prussian hegemony; this war left Prussia dominant in Germany, and German nationalism would compel the remaining independent states to ally with Prussia in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, and then to accede to the crowning of King Wilhelm of Prussia as German Emperor.


Premise: Social turmoil led to conflict?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, the lack of an effective royal justice system in the Kingdom led to the social conflict known as the Guerras Irmandiñas ('Wars of the brotherhoods'), when leagues of peasants and burghers, with the support of a number of knights, noblemen, and under legal protection offered by the remote king, toppled many of the castles of the Kingdom and briefly drove the noblemen into Portugal and Castile.


Premise: The second largest city in the US is what?

Hypothesis: More than twice as many people live in New York City as in the second-most populous U.S. city (Los Angeles), and within a smaller area.


Premise: In what century did the Nationalistic revolutions occur?

Hypothesis: Ultimately, World War I created a decisive break with the old world order that had emerged after the Napoleonic Wars, which was modified by the mid-19th century's nationalistic revolutions.


Premise: What part of the Arsenal crest is sometimes mistaken for chimneys?

Hypothesis: Unveiled in 1888, Royal Arsenal's first crest featured three cannon viewed from above, pointing northwards, similar to the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich (nowadays transferred to the coat of arms of the Royal Borough of Greenwich).


Premise: What was the legal status of the U-2 flyovers?

Hypothesis: On the whole, Eisenhower's support of the nation's fledgling space program was officially modest until the Soviet launch of Sputnik in 1957, gaining the Cold War enemy enormous prestige around the world.


Premise: How many casualties did the French suffer at the Battle of Ulm?

Hypothesis: For just 2000 French casualties, Napoleon had managed to capture a total of 60,000 Austrian soldiers through his army's rapid marching.


Premise: When did Spielberg give an interview saying he had 'felt like an alien'?

Hypothesis: Spielberg described himself as feeling like an alien during childhood, and his interest came from his father, a science fiction fan, and his opinion that aliens would not travel light years for conquest, but instead curiosity and sharing of knowledge.


Premise: Who did not capture the city of Namchonjam?

Hypothesis: Kim Il Sung and his government temporarily moved its capital to Sinuiju – although as UNC forces approached, the government again moved – this time to Kanggye.


Premise: What things come with each new degree in Freemasonry?

Hypothesis: In all of these ceremonies, the candidate is entrusted with passwords, signs and grips peculiar to his new rank.


Premise: What happened to Bishop leaders who did not agree with the doctrine?

Hypothesis: Athanasius appealed for unity among all those who had faith in Christianity, even if they differed on matters of terminology.


Premise: In what geographic region of Somalia are ancient rock paintings located?

Hypothesis: However, there have been cases in the past of artistic depictions representing living creatures, such as certain ancient rock paintings in northern Somalia, the golden birds on the Mogadishan canopies, and the plant decorations on religious tombs in southern Somalia.


Premise: Why does BYU's Winter semester end earlier than most colleges?

Hypothesis: BYU's Winter semester ends earlier than most universities in April since there is no Spring break, thus allowing students to pursue internships and other summer activities earlier.


Premise: What is the natural gas condensate used to dilute bitumen?

Hypothesis: However, to meet international competition, much non-upgraded bitumen is now sold as a blend of multiple grades of bitumen, conventional crude oil, synthetic crude oil, and condensate in a standardized benchmark product such as Western Canadian Select.


Premise: What other European war were the Canadian Forces involved in?

Hypothesis: The Canadian Crown-in-Council then decided to send its forces into the Second World War, as well as the Korean War.


Premise: Who holds the record for the most goals in the Premier League?

Hypothesis: The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season.


Premise: Who has a more difficult time understanding the other's language: Dutch speakers or Afrikaans speakers?

Hypothesis: Elsewhere in the world, the number of people learning Dutch is relatively small.


Premise: What was the most common type of match before the fatal four-way?

Hypothesis: One of the most mainstream examples of this is the four-corner match, the most common type of match in the WWE before it was replaced with its equivalent fatal four-way; four wrestlers, each for themselves, fight in a match, but only two wrestlers can be in the match at any given time.


Premise: What was established to control the Indigenous Australians?

Hypothesis: Aborigines were not allowed to vote and were often confined to reserves and forced into low paid or effectively slave labour.