Premise: What does Article 370 say?

Hypothesis: Also one more aspect of Indian federalism is system of President's Rule in which the central government (through its appointed Governor) takes control of state's administration for certain months when no party can form a government in the state or there is violent disturbance in the state.


Premise: What did Chopin have a hard time getting delivered to Majorca?

Hypothesis: On 3 December, Chopin complained about his bad health and the incompetence of the doctors in Majorca: "Three doctors have visited me ...


Premise: In France and Germany, what languages will often be substituted by native speakers of Dutch dialects?

Hypothesis: Dutch is not afforded legal status in France or Germany, either by the central or regional public authorities and knowledge of the language is declining among younger generations.


Premise: What publication promoted Pope Paul VI's views on abortion?

Hypothesis: Upon his election to the papacy, Montini took the pontifical name Paul VI (the first to take the name "Paul" since 1605) to indicate a renewed worldwide mission to spread the message of Christ, following the example of Apostle St. Paul.[citation needed]


Premise: Who is considered the founding father of Tuscan?

Hypothesis: Eventually the town came to be called "Tucson" and became a part of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821.


Premise: What did socialists believe equilibrium theory invalidated?

Hypothesis: Some socialists such as H. D. Dickinson and Oskar Lange, responded by invoking general equilibrium theory, which they argued disproved Mises's thesis.


Premise: What type of stone was supplied in the county

Hypothesis: Further south, Hamstone is the colloquial name given to stone from Ham Hill, which is also widely used in the construction industry.


Premise: NYC has the largest white population by how many people?

Hypothesis: At 2.7 million in 2012, New York's non-Hispanic white population is larger than the non-Hispanic white populations of Los Angeles (1.1 million), Chicago (865,000), and Houston (550,000) combined.


Premise: Who was Alais?

Hypothesis: Henry II wanted to secure the southern borders of Aquitaine and decided to betroth his youngest son to Alais, the daughter and heiress of Humbert III of Savoy.


Premise: How much does the city spend per year per child?

Hypothesis: This consistent drop in enrollment has led the city to close 24 of its public schools in 2013.


Premise: What can be treated using genetic engineering?

Hypothesis: For multicellular organisms, typically the embryo is engineered which grows into the adult genetically modified organism.


Premise: What percent of bird species are socially monogamous?

Hypothesis: Ninety-five percent of bird species are socially monogamous.


Premise: What year were the Magyars and Pechenges drug into the war?

Hypothesis: In 894, the Magyars and Pechenegs were drawn into the wars between the Byzantines and the Bulgarian Empire.


Premise: What was the arm that was the Air Defence of the Ground Forces?

Hypothesis: Subsequently these became part of the air force and ground forces respectively


Premise: What is Exclusive Jurisdiction?

Hypothesis: Exclusive Jurisdiction is a concept whereby only one Grand Lodge will be recognised in any geographical area.


Premise: Why did Encyclopedias and dictionaries become more popular during the Age of Reason?

Hypothesis: Encyclopedias and dictionaries also became more popular during the Age of Reason as the number of educated consumers who could afford such texts began to multiply.


Premise: In contrast to genomics, genetics usually studies what?

Hypothesis: Even in species that exist in only one sex, what is described as a "genome sequence" may be a composite read from the chromosomes of various individuals.


Premise: What score did CNET give the PS3 out of ten?

Hypothesis: CNET United Kingdom praised the system saying, "the PS3 is a versatile and impressive piece of home-entertainment equipment that lives up to the hype [...]


Premise: Where did Twilight Princess rank on Nintendo Power's list of Nintendo games in the 2000s?

Hypothesis: Nintendo Power ranked the game as the third-best game to be released on a Nintendo system in the 2000s decade.


Premise: What agency did Hoover not tell about the code break and the discoveries gained from it?

Hypothesis: Hoover was administering this project but failed to notify the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) until 1952.


Premise: What accounts for nearly half of the costs to develop drugs?

Hypothesis: Because of the very long time needed for discovery, development, and approval of pharmaceuticals, these costs can accumulate to nearly half the total expense.


Premise: Who was mayor of New York during the Great Depression?

Hypothesis: The difficult years of the Great Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello La Guardia as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance.


Premise: who provides cloud services?

Hypothesis: Internet hosting services provide email, web-hosting, or online storage services.


Premise: In addition to her light skin color, what else has made part of the African American community criticize Beyoncé?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé's lighter skin color and costuming has drawn criticism from some in the African-American community.


Premise: In what year did Emperor Ling die?

Hypothesis: Following the death of Emperor Ling (r. 168–189 AD), the palace eunuchs suffered wholesale massacre by military officers, allowing members of the aristocracy and military governors to become warlords and divide the empire.


Premise: What are castros?

Hypothesis: There are still many ruins of castros (hill forts) all over modern Portugal and remains of Castro culture.


Premise: What had Aleksei and Filaret been up to at the time of the protest?

Hypothesis: On October 28 UAOC faithful, supported by Ukrainian Catholics, demonstrated near St. Sophia’s Cathedral as newly elected Russian Orthodox Church Patriarch Aleksei and Metropolitan Filaret celebrated liturgy at the shrine.


Premise: When the UK changes their clocks forward in the spring, what do they call the time they're then observing?

Hypothesis: The name of local time typically changes when DST is observed.


Premise: What was Czech civilization called back in the day?

Hypothesis: Later in the century Jan Hus contributed significantly to the standardization of Czech orthography, advocated for widespread literacy among Czech commoners (particularly in religion) and made early efforts to model written Czech after the spoken language.


Premise: Which party came to power after the election?

Hypothesis: The election ended in the first hung parliament after an election for 36 years, with the Tories gaining the most seats and votes but being 20 seats short of an overall majority.


Premise: Where did further protests take place?

Hypothesis: On November 18, 1987, hundreds of police and civilian militiamen cordoned off the central square to prevent any demonstration at Freedom Monument, but thousands lined the streets of Riga in silent protest regardless.


Premise: Upon taking the throne of Hungary where did Sigismund establish his court?

Hypothesis: Sigismund eventually achieved total control of Hungary and established his court in Buda and Visegrád.


Premise: In what year did the Day of Thirst occur?

Hypothesis: After this defeat, al-Harith's movement seems to have been dissolved, but the problem of the rights of non-Arab Muslims would continue to plague the Umayyads.


Premise: Who was the head of the U.S. Olympic Committee?

Hypothesis: San Francisco Board of Supervisors President Aaron Peskin, a critic of Mayor Gavin Newsom, said that it was a "cynical plan to please the Bush State Department and the Chinese government because of the incredible influence of money.


Premise: Bagaru and Sanganer represent what type of art?

Hypothesis: Shopping reflects the colorful culture, Rajasthani clothes have a lot of mirror work and embroidery.


Premise: What country won the battle at Hanover?

Hypothesis: This problem was compounded when the main Hanoverian army under Cumberland was defeated at the Battle of Hastenbeck and forced to surrender entirely at the Convention of Klosterzeven following a French Invasion of Hanover.


Premise: What were his relatives known for working on?

Hypothesis: Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work.


Premise: What is shared by most treaties since the late 19th century?

Hypothesis: Since the late 19th century, most treaties have followed a fairly consistent format.


Premise: What speech did Eisenhower give after Stalin died?

Hypothesis: At this time Eisenhower gave his Chance for Peace speech in which he attempted, unsuccessfully, to forestall the nuclear arms race with the Soviet Union by suggesting multiple opportunities presented by peaceful uses of nuclear materials.


Premise: What publishing house published An Innkeeper's Diary?

Hypothesis: In the 1920s John Fothergill (1876–1957) was the innkeeper of the Spread Eagle in Thame, Berkshire, and published his autobiography: An Innkeeper's Diary (London: Chatto & Windus, 1931).


Premise: Who led the French army defending Genoa against the Austrian siege?

Hypothesis: The fierce resistance of this French army, under André Masséna, gave the northern striking force precious time to carry out their operations with little interference.


Premise: On what date was the city liberated?

Hypothesis: On 25 August 1944, the city was liberated by the French 2nd Armoured Division and the 4th Infantry Division of the United States Army.


Premise: The removal of the Queens bedchamber ladies became known as what?

Hypothesis: Many of the Queen's ladies of the bedchamber were wives of Whigs, and Peel expected to replace them with wives of Tories.


Premise: In 2001, how many Greek residents were not citizens?

Hypothesis: Of the non-citizen residents, 48,560 were EU or European Free Trade Association nationals and 17,426 were Cypriots with privileged status.


Premise: What popular RnB singer hails from Southampton?

Hypothesis: The city is home or birthplace to a number of contemporary musicians such as R'n'B singer Craig David, Coldplay drummer Will Champion, former Holloways singer Rob Skipper as well as 1980s popstar Howard Jones.


Premise: What percentage of shareholder votes was need to approve the 2014 buy-back?

Hypothesis: A statement from Shell read: "Royal Dutch Shell acknowledges the outcome of Woodside Petroleum Limited's shareholders' negative vote on the selective buy-back proposal.


Premise: What is the Greece Carnival also called?

Hypothesis: In Greece Carnival is also known as the Apokriés (Greek: Αποκριές, "saying goodbye to meat"), or the season of the "Opening of the Triodion", so named after the liturgical book used by the church from then until Holy Week.


Premise: What group condemned mixed faith marriages?

Hypothesis: Paul VI was a good friend of the Anglican Church, which he described as "our beloved sister Church".


Premise: What have human groups always considered themselves as compared to other nearby groups?

Hypothesis: In this way the idea of race as we understand it today came about during the historical process of exploration and conquest which brought Europeans into contact with groups from different continents, and of the ideology of classification and typology found in the natural sciences.


Premise: Of the huge amount of microorganisms, how many cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals?

Hypothesis: Among the vast varieties of microorganisms, relatively few cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals.


Premise: How many planes did the U.S. lose?

Hypothesis: Mitscher decided this chance to destroy the Japanese fleet was worth the risk of aircraft losses due to running out of fuel on the return flight.


Premise: What is "the american colonization society"?

Hypothesis: The American Colonization Society was founded in 1816 in Washington, DC for this purpose, by a group of prominent politicians and slaveholders.


Premise: Who was murdered on 6 August, 1936?

Hypothesis: In the summer of 1937, the squad was on tour in Mexico and the United States, where it was received as an ambassador of the Second Spanish Republic.


Premise: What Christian saint was also an Umayyad administrator?

Hypothesis: Many Muslims criticized the Umayyads for having too many non-Muslim, former Roman administrators in their government.


Premise: When did the bank move to it's new headquarters?

Hypothesis: The bank moved to new purpose-built headquarters in 2014 which were designed a Vienna-based architectural office named Coop Himmelbau.


Premise: What cause did James Wickersham focus on in his early Congressional tenure?

Hypothesis: Statehood for Alaska was an important cause of James Wickersham early in his tenure as a congressional delegate.


Premise: Where is the Uwharrie national Forest located?

Hypothesis: National Park Service units include the Appalachian National Scenic Trail, the Blue Ridge Parkway, Cape Hatteras National Seashore, Cape Lookout National Seashore, Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site at Flat Rock, Fort Raleigh National Historic Site at Manteo, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Guilford Courthouse National Military Park in Greensboro, Moores Creek National Battlefield near Currie in Pender County, the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail, Old Salem National Historic Site in Winston-Salem, the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail, and Wright Brothers National Memorial in Kill Devil Hills.


Premise: How many theaters approximately are located in Hanover?

Hypothesis: Around 40 theatres are located in Hanover.


Premise: What age group does adult contemporary radio typically focus on?

Hypothesis: AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s.


Premise: What accounts for 20.9% of Switzerland's exported goods?

Hypothesis: The largest exported goods are chemicals (34% of exported goods), machines/electronics (20.9%), and precision instruments/watches (16.9%).


Premise: What type of region does a majority of Nigerians live in?

Hypothesis: With the majority of Nigeria's populace in the rural areas, the major languages of communication in the country remain indigenous languages.


Premise: How many players did Barcelona list on the day their transfer ban ended?

Hypothesis: The same day, they registered 77 players across all categories and ages, and both last summer signings Arda Turan and Aleix Vidal became eligible to play with the first team.


Premise: How many people attended the Youth for Christ rally?

Hypothesis: On September 30, nearly 100,000 people marched in Kiev to protest against the new union treaty proposed by Gorbachev.


Premise: The Permian is an example of what?

Hypothesis: Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and at the end of a global ice age.


Premise: How did Kerry want to create jobs?

Hypothesis: His campaign called for a national health insurance system, discounted prescription drugs for the unemployed, a jobs programme to clean up the Merrimack River and rent controls in Lowell and Lawrence.


Premise: How many endemic floral species do forests harbor?

Hypothesis: The forests play a vital role in harbouring more than 45,000 floral and 81,000 faunal species of which 5150 floral and 1837 faunal species are endemic.


Premise: What is the lowest pay grade in the USAF?

Hypothesis: While all USAF military personnel are referred to as Airmen, the term also refers to the pay grades of E-1 through E-4, which are below the level of non-commissioned officers (NCOs).


Premise: Where is Croatan National Forest located?

Hypothesis: National Forests include Uwharrie National Forest in central North Carolina, Croatan National Forest in Eastern North Carolina, Pisgah National Forest in the northern mountains, and Nantahala National Forest in the southwestern part of the state.


Premise: About how long does it take to drive from Richmond International Airport to Williamsburg?

Hypothesis: The Greater Richmond area is served by the Richmond International Airport (IATA: RIC, ICAO: KRIC), located in nearby Sandston, seven miles (11 km) southeast of Richmond and within an hour drive of historic Williamsburg, Virginia.


Premise: What actually ended up happening after Norfolk Island asked Australia for help?

Hypothesis: However, by May 2013 agreement had not been reached and islanders were having to leave to find work and welfare.


Premise: The largest municipal healthcare in the US is what?

Hypothesis: HHC's MetroPlus Health Plan is one of the New York area's largest providers of government-sponsored health insurance and is the plan of choice for nearly half million New Yorkers.


Premise: What connector provides four power/ground pairs?

Hypothesis: The 24-pin double-sided connector provides four power/ground pairs, two differential pairs for USB 2.0 data bus (though only one pair is implemented in a Type-C cable), four pairs for high-speed data bus, two "sideband use" pins, and two configuration pins for cable orientation detection, dedicated biphase mark code (BMC) configuration data channel, and VCONN +5 V power for active cables.


Premise: What was expected when the divine intervention benefited the patron?

Hypothesis: Divine consideration might be sought to avoid the inconvenient delays of a journey, or encounters with banditry, piracy and shipwreck, with due gratitude to be rendered on safe arrival or return.


Premise: Who did Atari attempt to force ceasing production of games for its system?

Hypothesis: Unlike Atari, which never actively courted third-party developers (and even went to court in an attempt to force Activision to cease production of Atari 2600 games), Nintendo had anticipated and encouraged the involvement of third-party software developers; strictly, however, on Nintendo's terms.


Premise: What is another example of architectural technology that is seen in Gothic construction?

Hypothesis: It is in the architecture of these Gothic churches that a unique combination of existing technologies established the emergence of a new building style.


Premise: What is the largest private university in Uruguay?

Hypothesis: The largest private university in Uruguay, is also located in Montevideo.


Premise: Insects walk the ground in alternating what?

Hypothesis: As it allows for rapid yet stable movement, many insects adopt a tripedal gait in which they walk with their legs touching the ground in alternating triangles.


Premise: How does Scout respond to the audience?

Hypothesis: She is so distracted and embarrassed that she prefers to go home in her ham costume, which saves her life.


Premise: What research centre at the University of Southampton is abbreviated NOCS?

Hypothesis: The university considers itself one of the top 5 research universities in the UK.


Premise: What type of countries did Tito develop relations with?

Hypothesis: His public speeches often reiterated that policy of neutrality and cooperation with all countries would be natural as long as these countries did not use their influence to pressure Yugoslavia to take sides.


Premise: How can a champion lose a championship?

Hypothesis: Any wrestler who has a fall scored against them is forced out of the match, and the match continues until only one remains.


Premise: Voters in the city approve which kind of amendment?

Hypothesis: Adopted through a ballot initiative sponsored by the local Human Rights Party, which feared a splintering of the liberal vote, the process was repealed in 1976 after use in only one election.


Premise: In what year did the Varangians impose tribute from the Slavic and Finnic?

Hypothesis: The Varangians are first mentioned imposing tribute from Slavic and Finnic tribes in 859.


Premise: In what year was phenobarbital discovered?

Hypothesis: Today, amphetamine is largely restricted to use in the treatment of attention deficit disorder and phenobarbital in the treatment of epilepsy.


Premise: What were Apple support staff initially instructed not to assist with concerning malware?

Hypothesis: Initially, Apple support staff were instructed not to assist in the removal of the malware or admit the existence of the malware issue, but as the malware spread, a support document was issued.


Premise: Who did the Cubs trade to the Texas Rangers for Mike Olt, C.J. Edwards, Neil Ramirez, and Justin Grimm?

Hypothesis: Three days later, the Cubs sent Alfonso Soriano to the New York Yankees for minor leaguer Corey Black.


Premise: How do Valencian scholars view Catalan and Valencian?

Hypothesis: The official regulating body of the language of the Valencian Community, the Valencian Academy of Language (Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua, AVL) declares the linguistic unity between Valencian and Catalan varieties.


Premise: Which orthodox Hindu philosophy concerns realism?

Hypothesis: Some sub-schools share Tantric ideas with those found in some Buddhist traditions.


Premise: How many days does Malmedy's festival take place before Shrove Tuesday?

Hypothesis: The celebration takes place during 4 days before the Shrove Tuesday.


Premise: What ranking in terms of GDP is Mexico City globally?

Hypothesis: According to a study conducted by PwC, Mexico City had a GDP of $390 billion, ranking it as the eighth richest city in the world after the greater metropolitan areas of Tokyo, New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Paris, London and Osaka/Kobe (and the richest in the whole of Latin America).


Premise: Who is the main character in Taxi Driver?

Hypothesis: 122nd Street is mentioned in the movie Taxi Driver by main character Travis Bickle as the location where a fellow cab driver is assaulted with a knife.


Premise: Petrochemical refineries and manufacturing plants were built due to the demand for what items during the war?

Hypothesis: Petrochemical refineries and manufacturing plants were constructed along the ship channel because of the demand for petroleum and synthetic rubber products by the defense industry during the war.


Premise: How long ago has the term 'Armenia' been used?

Hypothesis: In Greek, Αρμένιοι "Armenians" is attested from about the same time, perhaps the earliest reference being a fragment attributed to Hecataeus of Miletus (476 BC).


Premise: What is the former name for Indonesia?

Hypothesis: Many ethnic Han Chinese emigrants to the region were Hoklo from southern Fujian, and brought the language to what is now Burma (Myanmar), Indonesia (the former Dutch East Indies) and present day Malaysia and Singapore (formerly Malaya and the British Straits Settlements).


Premise: What countries do the A12 and A2 connect

Hypothesis: Two of the most important major roads serve the city of Utrecht: the A12 and A2 motorways connect Amsterdam, Arnhem, The Hague and Maastricht, as well as Belgium and Germany.


Premise: The risk of death by malaria raises by how much with a concurrent HIV infection?

Hypothesis: The malaria problem seems to be compounded by the AIDS epidemic.


Premise: Nasser was a leader of what country?

Hypothesis: Tito met many world leaders during his rule, such as Soviet rulers Joseph Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid Brezhnev; Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, Indian politicians Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi; British Prime Ministers Winston Churchill, James Callaghan and Margaret Thatcher; U.S. Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter; other political leaders, dignitaries and heads of state that Tito met at least once in his lifetime included Che Guevara, Fidel Castro, Yasser Arafat, Willy Brandt, Helmut Schmidt, Georges Pompidou, Queen Elizabeth II, Hua Guofeng, Kim Il Sung, Sukarno, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Suharto, Idi Amin, Haile Selassie, Kenneth Kaunda, Gaddafi, Erich Honecker, Nicolae Ceaușescu, János Kádár and Urho Kekkonen.


Premise: What was the reasoning behind the proposal to merge many colleges?

Hypothesis: In 1907, the newly established Board of Education found that greater capacity for higher technical education was needed and a proposal to merge the City and Guilds College, the Royal School of Mines and the Royal College of Science was approved and passed, creating The Imperial College of Science and Technology as a constituent college of the University of London.


Premise: What movie was Spielberg working on when he first played Pong?

Hypothesis: He has also criticized the use of cut scenes in games, calling them intrusive, and feels making story flow naturally into the gameplay is a challenge for future game developers.


Premise: Where did the Gorals reside?

Hypothesis: The Gorals of southern Poland and northern Slovakia are partially descended from Romance-speaking Vlachs who migrated into the region from the 14th to 17th centuries and were absorbed into the local population.


Premise: What kind of settlement was Cork?

Hypothesis: It has been proposed that, like Dublin, Cork was an important trading centre in the global Scandinavian trade network.


Premise: How big was the French-British army?

Hypothesis: By the late 19th century, the most conservative elements within the Qing court could no longer ignore China's military weakness.


Premise: How is Puerto Rico designated in its constitution?

Hypothesis: This act would provide for referendums to be held in Puerto Rico to determine the island's ultimate political status.


Premise: What had turned England and Catholic Spain into implacable enemies?

Hypothesis: In the meantime the Protestant Reformation had turned England and Catholic Spain into implacable enemies .


Premise: What was the Seven Years' War considered as the prelude to?

Hypothesis: Considered a prelude to the two world wars and the greatest European war since the Thirty Years War of the 17th century, it once again split Europe into two coalitions, led by Great Britain on one side and France on the other.


Premise: New Haven Colony was separated from the Connecticut Colony which was located where?

Hypothesis: The settlement became the headquarters of the New Haven Colony.


Premise: What does the USAAF stand for?

Hypothesis: The National Security Act of 1947 was signed on on 26 July 1947 by President Harry S Truman, which established the Department of the Air Force, but it was not not until 18 September 1947, when the first secretary of the Air Force, W. Stuart Symington was sworn into office that the Air Force was officially formed.


Premise: How many colleges for undergraduates are at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: All of Notre Dame's undergraduate students are a part of one of the five undergraduate colleges at the school or are in the First Year of Studies program.


Premise: When was The Unknown Warrior buried?

Hypothesis: In the floor, just inside the great west door, in the centre of the nave, is the tomb of The Unknown Warrior, an unidentified British soldier killed on a European battlefield during the First World War.


Premise: Who is the current Master of the Order?

Hypothesis: Founded to preach the Gospel and to combat heresy, the teaching activity of the order and its scholastic organization placed the Preachers in the forefront of the intellectual life of the Middle Ages.


Premise: What is one way of referring to more than one antenna?

Hypothesis: The words antenna (plural: antennas in US English, although both "antennas" and "antennae" are used in International English) and aerial are used interchangeably.


Premise: Several species of which type dot the steppe and transition zone?

Hypothesis: The state has a great diversity due to the large number of microclimates found and dramatic varying terrain.


Premise: Rome dominated what peninsula?

Hypothesis: This Roman-Greek interaction began as a consequence of the Greek city-states located along the coast of southern Italy.


Premise: What company provides the city with natural gas?

Hypothesis: Eighty-two percent of the city's public works vehicles now run on alternative fuels, including nearly 100% of the municipal bus system, making it among the largest such fleets in the country.


Premise: How many buildings are on BYU's main campus?

Hypothesis: Notwithstanding, each Sunday LDS Church services for students are conducted on campus, but due to the large number of students attending these services, nearly all of the buildings and possible meeting spaces on campus are utilized (in addition, many students attend services off campus in LDS chapels in the surrounding communities).


Premise: What did Nobel Laureate Hans Bethe think of von NEumann's ability?

Hypothesis: "I have sometimes wondered whether a brain like von Neumann's does not indicate a species superior to that of man", said Nobel Laureate Hans Bethe of Cornell University.


Premise: What path is described as being built upon the motivation to liberate all living beings?

Hypothesis: The Mahayana sutras often claim to articulate the Buddha's deeper, more advanced doctrines, reserved for those who follow the bodhisattva path.


Premise: Under what condition can ferrous hydroxide be oxidized?

Hypothesis: In its turn, under anaerobic conditions, the ferrous hydroxide (Fe(OH)_2 ) can be oxidized by the protons of water to form magnetite and molecular hydrogen.


Premise: What is common apparel in lucha libre?

Hypothesis: In lucha libre, many characters wear masks, adopting a secret identity akin to a superhero, a near-sacred tradition.


Premise: According to one consultant, which group found the book demoralizing?

Hypothesis: A Canadian language arts consultant found that the novel resonated well with white students, but that black students found it "demoralizing".


Premise: Does New Mexico's language also include other dialect?

Hypothesis: Because of its relative isolation from other Spanish-speaking areas over most of its 400-year existence, New Mexico Spanish, and in particular the Spanish of northern New Mexico and Colorado has retained many elements of 16th- and 17th-century Spanish and has developed its own vocabulary.


Premise: What were the roots of the modern Pentecostal movement?

Hypothesis: Sprung from Methodist and Wesleyan roots, it arose out of meetings at an urban mission on Azusa Street in Los Angeles.


Premise: What is Nigeria's 2015 GDP?

Hypothesis: As of 2015[update], Nigeria is the world's 20th largest economy, worth more than $500 billion and $1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity respectively.


Premise: Who do Christians believe is prophesized in Isaiah 7:14?

Hypothesis: While Matthew and Luke give differing versions of the virgin birth, John quotes the uninitiated Philip and the disbelieving Jews gathered at Galilee referring to Joseph as Jesus's father.


Premise: What magazine described Portugal as "a new sick man of Europe?"

Hypothesis: The poor performance of the Portuguese economy was explored in April 2007 by The Economist, which described Portugal as "a new sick man of Europe".


Premise: What percent of the populatin of Bern resident foreigners?

Hypothesis: As of October 2015, the resident population stood at 140,634, of which 100,634 were Swiss citizens and 40,000 (30%) resident foreigners.


Premise: What is the Great Depression?

Hypothesis: It was the largest and most important economic depression in the 20th century, and is used in the 21st century as an example of how far the world's economy can fall.


Premise: In what year did Barcelona begin the construction of a new stadium?

Hypothesis: The club began to make plans for a new stadium.


Premise: When a browser includes a lot of extras, it can be referred to as what?

Hypothesis: Available web browsers range in features from minimal, text-based user interfaces with bare-bones support for HTML to rich user interfaces supporting a wide variety of file formats and protocols.


Premise: What law covers wrongs which humans can inflict upon each other?

Hypothesis: Tort law covers the entire imaginable spectrum of wrongs which humans can inflict upon each other, and of course, partially overlaps with wrongs also punishable by criminal law.


Premise: How do you avoid injuries?

Hypothesis: To avoid such injuries, and to receive a high performance score, proper technique must be used by the gymnast.


Premise: What happens to the power that is not absorbed by the antenna?

Hypothesis: Efficiency of a transmitting antenna is the ratio of power actually radiated (in all directions) to the power absorbed by the antenna terminals.


Premise: Who was dean of Yale Medical School from 1920 to 1935?

Hypothesis: Milton Winternitz led the Yale Medical School as its dean from 1920 to 1935.


Premise: What other year did Santa Monica receive the Bicycle Friendly Community award?

Hypothesis: Santa Monica has received the Bicycle Friendly Community Award (Bronze in 2009, Silver in 2013) by the League of American Bicyclists.


Premise: In which year did Abu Bakr die?

Hypothesis: The manuscript according to Zayd remained with Abu Bakr until he died.


Premise: Why did Britain not want Elizabeth to associate with conscientious objectors?

Hypothesis: Proposals, such as appointing her Constable of Caernarfon Castle or a patron of Urdd Gobaith Cymru (the Welsh League of Youth), were abandoned for various reasons, which included a fear of associating Elizabeth with conscientious objectors in the Urdd, at a time when Britain was at war.


Premise: Why did John Quinton and Peter Leaver resign as chairman and chief excutive?

Hypothesis: The current chairman is Sir Dave Richards, who was appointed in April 1999, and the chief executive is Richard Scudamore, appointed in November 1999.


Premise: When did the Nicaraguans arrive?

Hypothesis: Likewise the migration of Spanish-speaking Nicaraguans also began as a result of political instability during the end of the 1970s and the 1980s.


Premise: What is a treaty concluded among several countries?

Hypothesis: Treaties of "mutual guarantee" are international compacts, e.g., the Treaty of Locarno which guarantees each signatory against attack from another.


Premise: What percentage of the Portuguese population did not give an answer for their religion in the 2011 census?

Hypothesis: Some 6.8% of the population declared themselves to be non-religious, and 8.3% did not give any answer about their religion.


Premise: Which network broadcasts Premier League live in India?

Hypothesis: In India, the matches are broadcast live on STAR Sports.


Premise: How were the indigenous Palermo population treated under Muslim rule?

Hypothesis: The Muslims took control of the Island in 904, after decades of fierce fighting, and the Emirate of Sicily was established.


Premise: How many of the 900 students buried in a Dujiangyan school collapse survived?

Hypothesis: In the city of Dujiangyan, south-east of the epicenter, a whole school collapsed with 900 students buried and fewer than 60 survived.


Premise: Why was there not a new era of governance in Beijing?

Hypothesis: After the early 20th century revolutions, shifting alliances of China's regional warlords waged war for control of the Beijing government.


Premise: What arboretum is located in Raleigh?

Hypothesis: In Raleigh many tourists visit the Capital, African American Cultural Complex, Contemporary Art Museum of Raleigh, Gregg Museum of Art & Design at NCSU, Haywood Hall House & Gardens, Marbles Kids Museum, North Carolina Museum of Art, North Carolina Museum of History, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame, Raleigh City Museum, J. C. Raulston Arboretum, Joel Lane House, Mordecai House, Montfort Hall, and the Pope House Museum.


Premise: Who killed Yuan Chonghuan?

Hypothesis: Together these military reforms enabled Hong Taiji to resoundingly defeat Ming forces in a series of battles from 1640 to 1642 for the territories of Songshan and Jinzhou.


Premise: After an approval in the United States, when does an approval occur in the United Kingdom and other countries?

Hypothesis: In the UK, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency approves drugs for use, though the evaluation is done by the European Medicines Agency, an agency of the European Union based in London.


Premise: When did the king cross into Ireland with a large army?

Hypothesis: During Richard's rule, John had successfully increased the size of his lands in Ireland, and he continued this policy as king.


Premise: Who was James Bruce?

Hypothesis: The Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict.


Premise: Where are Istrijani located?

Hypothesis: Note: Besides ethnic groups, Slavs often identify themselves with the local geographical region in which they live.


Premise: Which pope began using creati et reservati in pectore?

Hypothesis: Beginning with the reign of Pope Martin V, cardinals were created without publishing their names until later, termed creati et reservati in pectore.


Premise: Who largely formalized the developments that led to the theory of conservation of energy?

Hypothesis: According to Noether's theorem, the conservation of energy is a consequence of the fact that the laws of physics do not change over time.


Premise: In what internal publication was Comcast's union stance formally enumerated?

Hypothesis: According to one of the company's training manuals, "Comcast does not feel union representation is in the best interest of its employees, customers, or shareholders".


Premise: What rank is NCO status achieved in the US Army?

Hypothesis: In all other branches, NCO status is generally achieved at the pay grade of E-4 (e.g., a Corporal in the Army and Marine Corps, Petty Officer Third Class in the Navy and Coast Guard).


Premise: What was the outcome of the financial crisis since risk levels were not adequately disclosed?

Hypothesis: The pricing of risk refers to the incremental compensation required by investors for taking on additional risk, which may be measured by interest rates or fees.


Premise: Was America at war when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor?

Hypothesis: In the early hours of 7 December (Hawaiian time), Japan launched a major surprise carrier-based air strike on Pearl Harbor without explicit warning, which crippled the U.S. Pacific Fleet, leaving eight American battleships out of action, 188 American aircraft destroyed, and 2,403 American citizens dead.


Premise: Who wrote 'War and Peace'?

Hypothesis: Many Russian novels of the 19th century, e.g. Leo Tolstoy's (Лев Толсто́й)


Premise: What group includes the symmetries of degree 4 and denoted D4?

Hypothesis: These symmetries determine a group called the dihedral group of degree 4 and denoted D4.


Premise: Which Arab Caliphate defeated Iran first?

Hypothesis: Initially defeated by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate, Iran came under the rule of the Arab caliphates of Umayyad and Abbasid.


Premise: What are the major agricultural outputs of Sichuan?

Hypothesis: Grain, including rice and wheat, is the major product with output that ranked first in China in 1999.


Premise: When did the French start going after overuse of antibiotics?

Hypothesis: The issues of misuse and overuse of antibiotics have been addressed by the formation of the US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance.


Premise: What is the more strict program that the USAF adopted in 2010 called?

Hypothesis: As part of the Fit to Fight program, the USAF adopted a more stringent physical fitness assessment; the new fitness program was put into effect on 1 June 2010.


Premise: Where does informal learning occur?

Hypothesis: Informal learning occurs in a variety of places, such as at home, work, and through daily interactions and shared relationships among members of society.


Premise: Where could sometimes overwhelming ornament be found?

Hypothesis: The chimneypiece continued to be the usual main focus of rooms, and was now given a classical treatment, and increasingly topped by a painting or a mirror.


Premise: Where in Pakistan is Waziristan?

Hypothesis: Supported by U.S. intelligence, Pakistan was attempting to remove the Taliban insurgency and al-Qaeda element from the northern tribal areas.


Premise: Where are young artist trained

Hypothesis: There are also several foundations to support art and artists.


Premise: Along with Hamilton Glass and El Kamino, who is a mural artist local to Richmond?

Hypothesis: Artists who have produced work in the city as a result of these festivals include ROA, Pixel Pancho, Gaia, Aryz, Alexis Diaz, Ever Siempre, Jaz, 2501, Natalia Rak, Pose MSK, Vizie, Jeff Soto, Mark Jenkins, Etam Cru- and local artists Hamilton Glass, Nils Westergard, and El Kamino.


Premise: What kinds of sea faring sports are available in Cork?

Hypothesis: There are a variety of watersports in Cork, including rowing and sailing.


Premise: In what year was Father Linckens' last visit to the Marshalls?

Hypothesis: Father H. Linckens, another missionary from the Sacred Heart of Jesu Society visited the Marshall Islands in 1904 and 1911 for several weeks.


Premise: The Portugal-English alliance served as the predecessor to what?

Hypothesis: This alliance served both nations' interests throughout history and is regarded by many as the predecessor to NATO.


Premise: What was one reason for the large amounts of immigration of religious refugees from other parts of Europe?

Hypothesis: Throughout this, however, personal freedom of religion existed and was one factor – along with economic reasons – in causing large immigration of religious refugees from other parts of Europe.


Premise: What did technology make feasible when it came to trees?

Hypothesis: Technology had advanced to the point that pottery was becoming common and the small-scale felling of trees had become feasible.


Premise: What can still be found on the mountain passes?

Hypothesis: This was one of the most celebrated achievements of any military force in ancient warfare, although no evidence exists of the actual crossing or the place of crossing.


Premise: Which alphabet is a special case because it transitioned from bicameral to unicameral?

Hypothesis: The Georgian alphabet is special since it used to be bicameral, but today is mostly used in a unicameral way.


Premise: During what years was the Portugal region incorporated in the Roman Republic?

Hypothesis: The region was settled by Pre-Celts and Celts, giving origin to peoples like the Gallaeci, Lusitanians, Celtici and Cynetes, visited by Phoenicians and Carthaginians, incorporated in the Roman Republic dominions as Lusitania and part of Gallaecia, after 45 BC until 298 AD, settled again by Suebi, Buri, and Visigoths, and conquered by Moors.


Premise: The idea that judgment can't be identified with emotion is an objection to what school of thought?

Hypothesis: He has put forward a more nuanced view which response to what he has called the ‘standard objection’ to cognitivism, the idea that a judgment that something is fearsome can occur with or without emotion, so judgment cannot be identified with emotion.


Premise: How are dogs viewed in Asian countries?

Hypothesis: The role of the dog in Chinese mythology includes a position as one of the twelve animals which cyclically represent years (the zodiacal dog).


Premise: How many different airlines operate in Oklahoma?

Hypothesis: In total, Oklahoma has over 150 public-use airports.


Premise: When was the Permian–Triassic extinction event?

Hypothesis: The most recent, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, occurred 65 million years ago and has often attracted more attention than others because it resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs.


Premise: What jurisdiction was the Prussian lands under?

Hypothesis: In return for supporting Emperor Leopold I in the War of the Spanish Succession, Elector Frederick III was allowed to crown himself "King in Prussia" in 1701.


Premise: What fraction of the Earth's uranium was uranium-235 during the Earth's youth?

Hypothesis: When the Earth was young, probably about one-fifth of its uranium was uranium-235, but the percentage of 234U was probably much lower than this.


Premise: Mass is also equivalent to what?

Hypothesis: Mass is also equivalent to a certain amount of energy, and likewise always appears associated with it, as described in mass-energy equivalence.


Premise: In what period was London a symbol of trend-setting and youth?

Hypothesis: In 1965 London's political boundaries were expanded to take into account the growth of the urban area and a new Greater London Council was created.


Premise: What was Europe competing for?

Hypothesis: From the 1880s to 1914, the European powers expanded their control across the African continent, competing with each other for Africa’s land and resources.


Premise: What method did the Chinese government use to ease the boycott situation?

Hypothesis: According to the Washington Times on April 15, however, the Chinese government was attempting to "calm the situation" through censorship: "All comments posted on popular Internet forum Sohu.com relating to a boycott of Carrefour have been deleted.


Premise: the 1277 Paris Condemnations led to what conclusion?

Hypothesis: Speculation that even God could not create a vacuum if he wanted to was shut down[clarification needed] by the 1277 Paris condemnations of Bishop Etienne Tempier, which required there to be no restrictions on the powers of God, which led to the conclusion that God could create a vacuum if he so wished.


Premise: When did Stadtrepublik become a part of Alsace?

Hypothesis: The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik Mülhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798.


Premise: In what year did iPhone sales surpass those of iPods?

Hypothesis: During the middle of 2010, iPhone sales overtook those of the iPod.


Premise: Did MUSE have a large or small target market, even in Japan?

Hypothesis: In order to view MUSE encoded discs, it was necessary to have a MUSE decoder in addition to a compatible player.


Premise: What was Greece's largest port as measured by good transported in 2010?

Hypothesis: Since then, Piraeus has grown to become the Mediterranean's third-largest port thanks to heavy investment by Chinese logistics giant COSCO.


Premise: To which Galilean city did Joseph and Mary take Jesus?

Hypothesis: They also presented Jesus –  "As it is written in the law of the Lord, Every male that openeth the womb shall be called holy to the Lord" (Luke 2:23other verses).


Premise: What was the period of European empires competing to control Africa called?

Hypothesis: The scramble continued into the 1890s, and caused Britain to reconsider its decision in 1885 to withdraw from Sudan.


Premise: Whithout rotor windings, how must a Hammond clock be started?

Hypothesis: Yet another, such as made by Hammond for its pre-World War II clocks, and in the older Hammond organs, has no rotor windings and discrete poles.


Premise: Which cities are called Stadtstaaten, other than Bremen?

Hypothesis: With an emphasis on geographical conditions, Berlin and Hamburg are frequently called Stadtstaaten (city-states), as is the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, which in fact includes the cities of Bremen and Bremerhaven.


Premise: Why did the committee debate adding a shift function?

Hypothesis: The standards committee decided against shifting, and so ASCII required at least a seven-bit code.:215, 236 § 4


Premise: What is the theory about leap year called?

Hypothesis: All values are the same to two places (14:33) and this is also the mean length of the Gregorian year.


Premise: What is the path of moderation between the extremes of self-indulgence and self-mortification called?

Hypothesis: He next attempted an extreme asceticism, which was a religious pursuit common among the śramaṇas, a religious culture distinct from the Vedic one.


Premise: What type of fuel do diesel locomotives use?

Hypothesis: In comparison to the principal alternative, the diesel engine, electric railways offer substantially better energy efficiency, lower emissions and lower operating costs.


Premise: How many songs does Madonna have on the Hot Dance Club Songs Chart?

Hypothesis: With 45 songs topping the Hot Dance Club Songs chart, Madonna became the artist with the most number-one songs on an active Billboard chart, pulling ahead of George Strait with 44 number-one songs on the Hot Country Songs chart.


Premise: What was Nanjing's GDP per person in 2013?

Hypothesis: In 2013 the city's GDP was RMB 801 billion (3rd in Jiangsu), and GDP per capita(current price) was RMB 98,174(US$16041), a 11 percent increase from 2012.


Premise: What did Hume think our beliefs are?

Hypothesis: Rather, he maintained, our beliefs are more a result of accumulated habits, developed in response to accumulated sense experiences.


Premise: What other mission besides dropout and illiteracy rates did the Kanye West Foundation seek to improve?

Hypothesis: In 2007, the West and the Foundation partnered with Strong American Schools as part of their "Ed in '08" campaign.


Premise: What are the only two oxidation states known for zinc compounds?

Hypothesis: No compounds of zinc in oxidation states other than +1 or +2 are known.


Premise: What net electric charge are capacitors assumed to have?

Hypothesis: A capacitor is assumed to be self-contained and isolated, with no net electric charge and no influence from any external electric field.


Premise: What percent of 5 year olds or older speak English?

Hypothesis: In total, 20.88% (293,544) of Philadelphia's population age 5 and older spoke a mother language other than English.


Premise: What came after the realization that physicians should was their hands before childbirth?

Hypothesis: However, Semmelweis' findings were not appreciated by his contemporaries and came into use only with discoveries by British surgeon Joseph Lister, who in 1865 proved the principles of antisepsis.


Premise: What portion of Russian-speaking Americans are ethnic Russians?

Hypothesis: Afterward, the influx from the countries of the former Soviet Union changed the statistics somewhat, with ethnic Russians and Ukrainians immigrating along with some more Russian Jews and Central Asians.


Premise: What did Cerberus guard?

Hypothesis: In Greek mythology, Cerberus is a three-headed watchdog who guards the gates of Hades.


Premise: How many of a 25-member Premier League squad must be from the UK or Ireland?

Hypothesis: As of the 2010–11 season, the Premier League introduced new rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 25-man squad of players aged over 21, with the squad list only allowed to be changed in transfer windows or in exceptional circumstances.


Premise: Anatomy, biology, geology, mineralogy, and zoology are all studies of which subject?

Hypothesis: The study of science, under the heading of natural philosophy, was divided into physics and a conglomerate grouping of chemistry and natural history, which included anatomy, biology, geology, mineralogy, and zoology.


Premise: How can the location and amount of insects be changed?

Hypothesis: "Push" means the insects are repelled or deterred away from whatever resource that is being protected.


Premise: How long was Broz in the hospital?

Hypothesis: After 13 months at the hospital, Broz was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains where prisoners selected him for their camp leader.


Premise: An MRI study on dogs proved that dogs have the same response as humans to what?

Hypothesis: The latest study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to humans and dogs together proved that dogs have same response to voices and use the same parts of the brain as humans to do so.


Premise: What is the civil disobedience caused by the railroad worker's strike called?

Hypothesis: On 3 October, some 10,000 people attacked the Yeongcheon police station, killing three policemen and injuring some 40 more; elsewhere, some 20 landlords and pro-Japanese South Korean officials were killed.


Premise: In what year did Michel Foucalt publish The History Of Sexuality?

Hypothesis: In 1976, philosopher and historian Michel Foucault argued in The History of Sexuality that homosexuality as an identity did not exist in the eighteenth century; that people instead spoke of "sodomy," which referred to sexual acts.


Premise: Dog training can be researched back to what century?

Hypothesis: There are a vast range of commodity forms available to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion.


Premise: In what area was Frédéric born in?

Hypothesis: " Chopin was born in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw, and grew up in Warsaw, which after 1815 became part of Congress Poland.


Premise: In the autumn of 2014, how many people attended the University of Kansas's Medical Center?

Hypothesis: Enrollment at the Lawrence and Edwards campuses was 23,597 students in fall 2014; an additional 3,371 students were enrolled at the KU Medical Center for a total enrollment of 26,968 students across the three campuses.


Premise: What have Postcode 3000 and Melbourne 2030 aimed to do?

Hypothesis: After a trend of declining population density since World War II, the city has seen increased density in the inner and western suburbs, aided in part by Victorian Government planning, such as Postcode 3000 and Melbourne 2030 which have aimed to curtail urban sprawl.


Premise: When was the The English Roses published?

Hypothesis: The first of these books, titled The English Roses, was published in September 2003.


Premise: On which coast of Florida is Miami located?

Hypothesis: The 44th-most populated city proper in the United States, with a population of 430,332, it is the principal, central, and most populous city of the Miami metropolitan area, and the second most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States after Washington, D.C.


Premise: What voltage does SEPTA system use?

Hypothesis: SEPTA's 25 Hz traction power system uses the same 12 kV voltage on the catenary in Northeast Philadelphia.


Premise: Who regarded Bolama as their own in the 19th century?

Hypothesis: For a brief period in the 1790s, the British tried to establish a rival foothold on an offshore island, at Bolama.


Premise: In 2013 the number of government jobs was what?

Hypothesis: St Helena’s private sector employs approximately 45% of the employed labour force and is largely dominated by small and micro businesses with 218 private businesses employing 886 in 2004.


Premise: What is the acctepted era of post-punk?

Hypothesis: Reynolds defined the post-punk era as occurring loosely between 1978 and 1984.


Premise: What is an organization that has a large presence in the city?

Hypothesis: The IMSS and other public health institutions, including the ISSSTE (Public Sector Employees' Social Security Institute) and the National Health Ministry (SSA) maintain large specialty facilities in the city.


Premise: Even though it was predicted that the Korean War would end in August, who was less than optimistic about the prediction?

Hypothesis: After conferring with Mao that this would be MacArthur's most likely strategy, Zhou briefed Soviet and North Korean advisers of Lei's findings, and issued orders to Chinese army commanders deployed on the Korean border to prepare for American naval activity in the Korea Strait.


Premise: Who did Bowersox later reveal wanted her to be disqualified?

Hypothesis: The schedule was rearranged so the boys performed first and she could perform the following night instead; she later revealed that Ken Warwick, the show producer, wanted to disqualify her but she begged to be allowed to stay on the show.


Premise: What actress portrays Dr. Madeleine Swann in Spectre?

Hypothesis: Several recurring James Bond characters, including M, Q and Eve Moneypenny return, with the new additions of Léa Seydoux as Dr. Madeleine Swann, Dave Bautista as Mr. Hinx, Andrew Scott as Max Denbigh and Monica Bellucci as Lucia Sciarra.


Premise: What is the name of England's home field in London?

Hypothesis: England's home ground is Wembley Stadium, London, and the current team manager is Roy Hodgson.


Premise: Which of Popper's notions is often invoked in creation-evolution debates?

Hypothesis: The creation–evolution controversy in the United States raises the issue of whether creationistic ideas may be legitimately called science and whether evolution itself may be legitimately called science.


Premise: How are the electrical contents of a USB connector protected?

Hypothesis: Many previous connector designs were fragile, specifying embedded component pins or other delicate parts that were vulnerable to bending or breaking.


Premise: What is there a distinction between lawful hunting and?

Hypothesis: In the 2010s, lawful hunting is distinguished from poaching, which is the illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species.


Premise: How many foreign trips did Montini make as Cardinal?

Hypothesis: After his journey, John XXIII gave him a private audience on his trip which lasted for several hours.


Premise: Why did Morris Jr make the computer worm?

Hypothesis: The software was traced back to 23-year-old Cornell University graduate student Robert Tappan Morris, Jr. who said 'he wanted to count how many machines were connected to the Internet'.


Premise: Who built the COMPASS receiver?

Hypothesis: The knowledge of the codes allowed a group of engineers at Septentrio to build the COMPASS receiver and report tracking and multipath characteristics of the “


Premise: What are the Everglades

Hypothesis: The Everglades, an enormously wide, slow-flowing river encompasses the southern tip of the peninsula.


Premise: She transmit her avant garde style to which audience?

Hypothesis: Author Douglas Kellner noted, "such 'multiculturalism' and her culturally transgressive moves turned out to be highly successful moves that endeared her to large and varied youth audiences.


Premise: What does McTaggart believe space and time to be?

Hypothesis: Why should a Hegelian citizen be surprised that his belief as to the organic nature of the Absolute does not help him in deciding how to vote?


Premise: Where did Beyonce give birth to her first child?

Hypothesis: Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy.


Premise: The terms uppercase and lowercase originated from the common layout which type of drawers?

Hypothesis: Traditionally, the capital letters were stored in a separate case that was located above the case that held the small letters, and the name proved easy to remember since capital letters are taller.


Premise: What was one of the main targets of intelligence gathering?

Hypothesis: One of the main targets for intelligence gathering was the Soviet Union, which had also been a priority of the CIA's predecessors.


Premise: What nationality was the architect of the Gehry Tower?

Hypothesis: With around 40 parks, forests and gardens, a couple of lakes, two rivers and one canal, Hanover offers a large variety of leisure activities.


Premise: How many government TV stations exist?

Hypothesis: In 2008, the main media were owned by the government, but many more privately run forms of media were being created.


Premise: How many casualties were inflicted?

Hypothesis: This raid was significant, as 63 German fighters were sent with the bombers, indicating the growing effectiveness of RAF night fighter defences.


Premise: How much was withdrawn from money markets during one week in September 2008?

Hypothesis: The TED spread, an indicator of perceived credit risk in the general economy, spiked up in July 2007, remained volatile for a year, then spiked even higher in September 2008, reaching a record 4.65% on October 10, 2008.


Premise: Ehat is the vegetation type on Antarctica?

Hypothesis: Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland.


Premise: What sort of capacitors are used on the second winding of a squirrel cage motor?

Hypothesis: In single phase squirrel cage motors, the primary winding within the motor housing is not capable of starting a rotational motion on the rotor, but is capable of sustaining one.


Premise: What ethnice groups did the Qing thin made up China?

Hypothesis: The Qing emperors proclaimed that both Han and non-Han peoples were part of "China.


Premise: Who did Spielberg collaborate with in 2006?

Hypothesis: In 2006, Spielberg co-executive produced with famed filmmaker Robert Zemeckis a CGI children's film called Monster House, marking their eighth collaboration since 1990's Back to the Future Part III.


Premise: What type of bicycle does Kerry prefer?

Hypothesis: Even during his many campaigns, he was reported to have visited bicycle stores in both his home state and elsewhere.


Premise: When was Kanye's last Fatburger restaurant closed?

Hypothesis: Later that year, the remaining Beverly location also was shuttered.


Premise: What can organisms be directly identified by?

Hypothesis: Culture allows identification of infectious organisms by examining their microscopic features, by detecting the presence of substances produced by pathogens, and by directly identifying an organism by its genotype.


Premise: Why were French troops in Bern?

Hypothesis: Bern was occupied by French troops in 1798 during the French Revolutionary Wars, when it was stripped of parts of its territories.


Premise: What is often above the forestry?

Hypothesis: Above the forestry, there is often a band of short pine trees (Pinus mugo), which is in turn superseded by Alpenrosen, dwarf shrubs, typically Rhododendron ferrugineum (on acid soils) or Rhododendron hirsutum (on alkaline soils).


Premise: What Epistle described the cross?

Hypothesis: For instance, the Epistle of Barnabas, which was certainly earlier than 135, and may have been of the 1st century AD, the time when the gospel accounts of the death of Jesus were written, likened it to the letter T (the Greek letter tau, which had the numeric value of 300), and to the position assumed by Moses in Exodus 17:11–12.


Premise: What cellular company is headquartered in San Diego that uses the AT&T network?

Hypothesis: , Cricket Communications and Novatel Wireless.


Premise: Which four countries can share communications with the U.S. IC?

Hypothesis: The closest links of the U.S. IC to other foreign intelligence agencies are to Anglophone countries: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.


Premise: How many member attended the Catholic Church in the Boston area in 2010?

Hypothesis: Old South Church in Boston is one of the oldest congregations in the United States.


Premise: Which two countries can you purchase Beyonce's clothing line?

Hypothesis: The collection features sportswear, denim offerings with fur, outerwear and accessories that include handbags and footwear, and are available at department and specialty stores across the US and Canada.


Premise: Name a museum named after a founding father?

Hypothesis: Philadelphia's major science museums include the Franklin Institute, which contains the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial; the Academy of Natural Sciences; the Mütter Museum; and the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.


Premise: What comic strip did Bud Fisher have success with?

Hypothesis: Shorter, black-and-white daily strips began to appear early in the 20th century, and became established in newspapers after the success in 1907 of Bud Fisher's Mutt and Jeff.


Premise: What results from  sequencing of DNA pairs?

Hypothesis: A considerable amount of new knowledge about plant function comes from studies of the molecular genetics of model plants such as the Thale cress, Arabidopsis thaliana, a weedy species in the mustard family (Brassicaceae).


Premise: At the high end, what percentage of Afrikaans words come from Dutch?

Hypothesis: European Dutch remained the literary language until the start of the 1920s, when under pressure of Afrikaner nationalism the local "African" Dutch was preferred over the written, European-based standard.


Premise: What are the two types of biopesticides?

Hypothesis: Biopesticides include microbial pesticides and biochemical pesticides.


Premise: What was Virgil Griffith focused on?

Hypothesis: In August 2007 Virgil Griffith, a Caltech computation and neural-systems graduate student, created a searchable database that linked changes made by anonymous Wikipedia editors to companies and organizations from which the changes were made.


Premise: What was the new name of this Live video store?

Hypothesis: This is of an impact on the Xbox Live Video Store as it was also announced that the Zune Video Marketplace and the Xbox Live Video Store will be merged to form the Zune Marketplace, which will be arriving on Xbox Live in 7 countries initially, the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Italy, Germany, Ireland and Spain.


Premise: What do they want to do with regards to schooling of young children?

Hypothesis: The initiative seeks to achieve amongst other things, universal primary school availability.


Premise: The Civil War had many effects after the war, what was the main effect for New Haven?

Hypothesis: The American Civil War boosted the local economy with wartime purchases of industrial goods, including that of the New Haven Arms Company, which would later become the Winchester Repeating Arms Company.


Premise: Of what does Dvaita Vedanta theorize the existence?

Hypothesis: The distinguishing factor of Dvaita philosophy, as opposed to monistic Advaita Vedanta, is that God takes on a personal role and is seen as a real eternal entity that governs and controls the universe.


Premise: Who ran against Philbin instead of Kerry?

Hypothesis: In February 1972, Kerry's wife bought a house in Worcester, with Kerry intending to run against the 4th district's ageing thirteen-term incumbent Democrat, Harold Donohue.


Premise: The LAME encoder allows bit rates that are what?

Hypothesis: Non-standard bit rates up to 640 kbit/s can be achieved with the LAME encoder and the freeformat option, although few MP3 players can play those files.


Premise: Political instability has resulted in what type of economic activity?

Hypothesis: A long period of political instability has resulted in depressed economic activity, deteriorating social conditions, and increased macroeconomic imbalances.


Premise: Along with exhibition and distribution, what business did the Universal Film Manufacturing Company engage in?

Hypothesis: The new Universal studio was a vertically integrated company, with movie production, distribution and exhibition venues all linked in the same corporate entity, the central element of the Studio system era.


Premise: In what year was the article describing the type of arsenic found in Napoleon's hair published?

Hypothesis: Their hypothesis was that the calomel given to Napoleon became an overdose, which killed him and left extensive tissue damage behind.


Premise: What is the name of the pact held between the United States, Micronesia, Marshal Islands, and Palau?

Hypothesis: Over the years, Congress had appropriated "Compact Impact" aids to Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and Hawaii, and eventually this appropriation was written into each renewed Compact.


Premise: How many Armenians speak Russian natively?

Hypothesis: According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 15,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 1 million active speakers.


Premise: What sutras are reserved for those who follow the bodhisattva path?

Hypothesis: That path is explained as being built upon the motivation to liberate all living beings from unhappiness.


Premise: Where are the soundholes located?

Hypothesis: These styles generally have either two f-shaped soundholes like a violin (F-5 and A-5), or an oval sound hole (F-4 and A-4 and lower models) directly under the strings.


Premise: What was the style of worship of Hindu Gods?

Hypothesis: Although Buddhism did not disappear from India for several centuries after the eighth, royal proclivities for the cults of Vishnu and Shiva weakened Buddhism's position within the sociopolitical context and helped make possible its decline.


Premise: What comedy channel on cable television is headquartered in New York?

Hypothesis: The three major American broadcast networks are all headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, and NBC.


Premise: What was the first year in which RIBA's Royal Gold Medal was given?

Hypothesis: RIBA runs many awards including the Stirling Prize for the best new building of the year, the Royal Gold Medal (first awarded in 1848), which honours a distinguished body of work, and the Stephen Lawrence Prize for projects with a construction budget of less than £500,000.


Premise: What caused a large migration of Greek refuges in the 1450s?

Hypothesis: Instead, after the fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Turks in 1453, which brought a flood of Greek Orthodox refugees to Italy, humanist scholars increasingly turned to the study of Neoplatonism and Hermeticism, hoping to bridge the differences between the Greek and Roman Churches, and even between Christianity itself and the non-Christian world.


Premise: There is another part of the face which gets its red color from the pigment pheomelanin, what is it?

Hypothesis: It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin (which also accounts for the red color of the lips) and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.


Premise: How are charity or service NPOs usually organized?

Hypothesis: Some NPOs may also be a charity or service organization; they may be organized as a profit corporation or as a trust, a cooperative, or they exist informally.


Premise: How is adolescence defined cognitively?

Hypothesis: Developmental psychologists might focus on changes in relations with parents and peers as a function of school structure and pubertal status.


Premise: What was one example of what users did to combat the blinking problem?

Hypothesis: Problems with the 10NES lockout chip frequently resulted in the console's most infamous problem: the blinking red power light, in which the system appears to turn itself on and off repeatedly because the 10NES would reset the console once per second.


Premise: How much of the population left after 1950?

Hypothesis: The population peaked at more than two million residents in 1950, then began to decline with the restructuring of industry, which led to the loss of many middle-class union jobs.


Premise: Who left the DA's office with Kerry?

Hypothesis: Droney's health was poor and Kerry had decided to run for his position in the 1978 election should Droney drop out.


Premise: In England, which arm would generally show two distinct sections, choir and presbytery?

Hypothesis: The eastern arm shows considerable diversity.


Premise: How many ships did the Yuan send to invade Japan?

Hypothesis: Japan mustered a mere 10,000 samurai to meet this threat.


Premise: who was the first king of the Merovingian dynasty?

Hypothesis: Under the rule of the Capetian kings, Paris gradually became the largest and most prosperous city in France.


Premise: Who listed her at number 17 in their list of  Top 20 hot 100 Songwriters?

Hypothesis: She was one of only three women on that list.


Premise: When did Madonna appear in MTV for the tribute to Michael Jackson?

Hypothesis: She appeared at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards on September 13, 2009, to speak in tribute to deceased pop star Michael Jackson.


Premise: How does the sentence appear to historians?

Hypothesis: Geza Vermes, however, points out that the verse is cited in Aramaic rather than the Hebrew in which it usually would have been recited, and suggests that by the time of Jesus, this phrase had become a proverbial saying in common usage.


Premise: When did the new design of the museum open?

Hypothesis: It houses a large collection of pieces by all major Mexican artists of the last 400 years and also hosts visiting exhibits.


Premise: Which Chinese suffix means "area, district, region, ward"?

Hypothesis: Tibetan people, language, and culture, regardless of where they are from, are referred to as Zang (Chinese: 藏; pinyin: Zàng) although the geographical term Xīzàng is often limited to the Tibet Autonomous Region.


Premise: What TV show lampooned one of Kanye's BBC Radio 1 interviews?

Hypothesis: ran a sketch on September 25 involving two children re-enacting West's recent interview with Zane Lowe for BBC Radio 1 in which he calls himself the biggest rock star on the planet.


Premise: What act showed that Kerry's fight for the White House was in trouble?

Hypothesis: He also brought on the "magical" Michael Whouley who would be credited with helping bring home the Iowa victory the same as he did in New Hampshire for Al Gore in 2000 against Bill Bradley.


Premise: What field of study did Anton-Hermann Chroust specialize in?

Hypothesis: From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907–1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent.


Premise: How long did Nasser attend law school?

Hypothesis: In 1937, Nasser applied to the Royal Military Academy for army officer training, but his police record of anti-government protest initially blocked his entry.


Premise: Which one of Muhammad's wives had a particular impact on his view of women and education?

Hypothesis: According to a hadith attributed to Muhammad, he praised the women of Medina because of their desire for religious knowledge:


Premise: What bus service did the University of Southampton commission to carry people between the city and the university?

Hypothesis: The other large service provider is the Uni-link bus service (running from early in the morning to midnight), which was commissioned by the University of Southampton to provide transport from the university to the town.


Premise: Who was the head of the U.S. Olympic Committee?

Hypothesis: Peter Ueberroth, head of the U.S. Olympic Committee, praised the route changes, saying, "The city of San Francisco, from a global perspective, will be applauded.


Premise: How many Muslim students are there in Kerala?

Hypothesis: Primary education in Arabic and Islamic studies is available to Kerala Muslims almost entirely in after-school madrasa programs - sharply unlike full-time madaris common in north India, which may replace formal schooling.


Premise: What were the Millennium Dome, the London Eye, and the Millennium Bridge created to honor?

Hypothesis: To celebrate the start of the 21st century, the Millennium Dome, London Eye and Millennium Bridge were constructed.


Premise: What station first introduced the tagline "everyone at work can agree on"?

Hypothesis: Many stations in the soft AC format capitalize on its appeal to office workers (many of them females aged 25–54, a key advertiser demographic), and brand themselves as stations "everyone at work can agree on" (KOST originated that phrase as a primary tagline, and other soft AC stations have followed suit).


Premise: Who ordered the King to dismiss the Prime Minister?

Hypothesis: In 1942, the British Ambassador Miles Lampson marched into King Farouk's palace and ordered him to dismiss Prime Minister Hussein Sirri Pasha for having pro-Axis sympathies.


Premise: What did Apple originally tell consumers to purchase when their iPod batteries no longer worked?

Hypothesis: The official policy was that the customer should buy a refurbished replacement iPod, at a cost almost equivalent to a brand new one.


Premise: What else is lucha libre known for?

Hypothesis: Although professional wrestling in Mexico (lucha libre) also has stories and characters, they are less emphasized.


Premise: Which singer did Beyonce honor by entertaining with her song "Deja Vu"?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé paid homage to Baker by performing "Déjà Vu" at the 2006 Fashion Rocks concert wearing Baker's trademark mini-hula skirt embellished with fake bananas.


Premise: What are two ways changes to DNA of bacteria can occur?

Hypothesis: Genetic changes in bacterial genomes come from either random mutation during replication or "stress-directed mutation", where genes involved in a particular growth-limiting process have an increased mutation rate.


Premise: What is the brand name Pegasys for?

Hypothesis: For instance, for genotype 1 hepatitis C treated with Pegylated interferon-alpha-2a or Pegylated interferon-alpha-2b (brand names Pegasys or PEG-Intron) combined with ribavirin, it has been shown that genetic polymorphisms near the human IL28B gene, encoding interferon lambda 3, are associated with significant differences in the treatment-induced clearance of the virus.


Premise: What was the tree renamed that Gautama achieved enlightenment under?

Hypothesis: At the age of 35, he famously sat in meditation under a Ficus religiosa tree now called the Bodhi Tree in the town of Bodh Gaya and vowed not to rise before achieving enlightenment.


Premise: Where was the oath of office and secrecy taken?

Hypothesis: In the assembly elections held in November 2012, the Congress secured an absolute majority.


Premise: Who were some Armenian pop artists?

Hypothesis: Later, stemming from the Middle Eastern Armenian diaspora and influenced by Continental European (especially French) pop music, the Armenian pop music genre grew to fame in the 1960s and 1970s with artists such as Adiss Harmandian and Harout Pamboukjian performing to the Armenian diaspora and Armenia; also with artists such as Sirusho, performing pop music combined with Armenian folk music in today's entertainment industry.


Premise: What is the average January low temperature in downtown San Diego?

Hypothesis: Thus, for example, downtown San Diego averages January lows of 50 °F (10 °C) and August highs of 78 °F (26 °C).


Premise: What were the last two cities to be controlled by Gaddafi's government?

Hypothesis: In August, the rebels seized Zliten and Tripoli, ending the last vestiges of Gaddafist power.


Premise: What was the historic length of the boardwalk before the Great Atlantic Hurricane?

Hypothesis: The first boardwalk was built in 1870 along a portion of the beach in an effort to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies.


Premise: Which one of Madonna's movie is a box office bomb?

Hypothesis: After the box office bomb Swept Away (2002), Madonna vowed that she would never again act in a film, hoping her repertoire as a bad actress would never be discussed again.


Premise: What areas of Spain do the teams of Barcelona and Real Madrid represent?

Hypothesis: There is often a fierce rivalry between the two strongest teams in a national league, and this is particularly the case in La Liga, where the game between Barcelona and Real Madrid is known as El Clásico.


Premise: What Kings rise did the county play part in

Hypothesis: The county played a significant part in the consolidation of power and rise of King Alfred the Great, and later in the English Civil War and the Monmouth Rebellion.


Premise: Which New York-based newspaper has won the Pulitzer Prize for journalism?

Hypothesis: Major tabloid newspapers in the city include: The New York Daily News, which was founded in 1919 by Joseph Medill Patterson and The New York Post, founded in 1801 by Alexander Hamilton.


Premise: Morphology-based and appearance-based are known as what?

Hypothesis: Traditional morphology-based or appearance-based systematics have usually given the Hexapoda the rank of superclass,:180 and identified four groups within it: insects (Ectognatha), springtails (Collembola), Protura, and Diplura, the latter three being grouped together as the Entognatha on the basis of internalized mouth parts.


Premise: How did Gaddafi manage to attend elementary school so far from home?

Hypothesis: Subsequently moving to nearby Sirte to attend elementary school, he progressed through six grades in four years.


Premise: What stadium do the patriots play in?

Hypothesis: They share Gillette Stadium with the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer.


Premise: How many stressed phonemes are there in Catalan?

Hypothesis: Dialects differ in the different degrees of vowel reduction, and the incidence of the pair /ɛ e/.


Premise: On Chopin's 200th anniversary critics of what publication made recommendations on recordings of Chopin's work?

Hypothesis: Numerous recordings of Chopin's works are available.


Premise: In what year did an important trial take place which situated New Haven among the forefront of the growing anti-slavery movement?

Hypothesis: There is a statue of Joseph Cinqué, the informal leader of the slaves, beside City Hall.


Premise: What is the permutation when a person is ready to make commitments but unable to commit?

Hypothesis: When assigned categories, four possible permutations result: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement.


Premise: In what city  is the cathedral of St Peter's  located?

Hypothesis: It is considered an important document, identifying the Catholic Church with the Body of Christ.


Premise: When did the Canadian Armed Forces name cease to be?

Hypothesis: The "Canadian Armed Forces" name returned in 2013.


Premise: Where is West Raleigh?

Hypothesis: It is home to North Carolina State University, Meredith College, Pullen Park, Pullen Memorial Baptist Church, Cameron Village, Lake Johnson, the North Carolina Museum of Art and historic Saint Mary's School.


Premise: Boston was chartered as what in 1822?

Hypothesis: In 1822, the citizens of Boston voted to change the official name from "the Town of Boston" to "the City of Boston", and on March 4, 1822, the people of Boston accepted the charter incorporating the City.


Premise: How much did the early LEDs cost?

Hypothesis: Until 1968, visible and infrared LEDs were extremely costly, in the order of US$200 per unit, and so had little practical use.


Premise: How did Frederick respond to the loss of a supply convoy?

Hypothesis: East Prussia had been occupied by Russian forces over the winter and would remain under their control until 1762, although Frederick did not see the Russians as an immediate threat and instead entertained hopes of first fighting a decisive battle against Austria that would knock them out of the war.


Premise: Under what Act was Norfolk Island accepted as a territory of Australia?

Hypothesis: Norfolk Island was originally a colony acquired by settlement but was never within the British Settlements Act.


Premise: What sea islands were declared border zones?

Hypothesis: Large parts of the country, especially the coastal areas, were closed to all but the Soviet military.


Premise: When did Creative and Apple come to an agreement over their intellectual property issues?

Hypothesis: As part of the agreement, Apple will recoup part of its payment, if Creative is successful in licensing the patent.


Premise: At what establishment did the Football Association have their first Meeting?

Hypothesis: Other English rugby clubs followed this lead and did not join the FA and instead in 1871 formed the Rugby Football Union.


Premise: What has the potential to reduce the transmission bandwidth and storage requirements of audio data?

Hypothesis: Audio data compression, not to be confused with dynamic range compression, has the potential to reduce the transmission bandwidth and storage requirements of audio data.


Premise: In which year was Vimara Peres knighted?

Hypothesis: After annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal).


Premise: When were six employees found dead in a restaurants freezer?

Hypothesis: The worst of which occurred in 1978, when six employees of a Sirloin Stockade restaurant on the city's south side were murdered execution-style in the restaurant's freezer.


Premise: When was the People's Republic of China formed?

Hypothesis: By late 1949, the PLA was pursuing remnants of KMT forces southwards in southern China, and only Tibet was left.


Premise: In addition to smoke detectors, what do fire safety officials suggest people replace batteries in when they set their clocks twice a year?

Hypothesis: In several countries, fire safety officials encourage citizens to use the two annual clock shifts as reminders to replace batteries in smoke and carbon monoxide detectors, particularly in autumn, just before the heating and candle season causes an increase in home fires.


Premise: Axons send signals to other neurons by junctions known as what?

Hypothesis: A single axon may make as many as several thousand synaptic connections with other cells.


Premise: Who created Quranic manuscripts before the 19th century?

Hypothesis: Before printing was widely adopted in the 19th century, the Quran was transmitted in manuscripts made by calligraphers and copyists.


Premise: Who is the Head of State of Portugal?

Hypothesis: with the "moderator power" that was held by the King in the Portuguese Constitutional Monarchy.[citation needed]


Premise: What are some dimensions of sexual orientation?

Hypothesis: Sexual orientation has many dimensions (attractions, behavior, identity), of which sexual arousal is the only product of sexual attractions which can be measured at present with some degree of physical precision.


Premise: What term collectively describes "Firmicutes" and "Bacteroidetes" among others?

Hypothesis: In humans, the four dominant phyla are Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria.


Premise: What environments can bacteria live?

Hypothesis: Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals.


Premise: By coping the Arsenal team kit exactly, what nickname was given to Sporting Clube de Braga?

Hypothesis: In 1920, Sporting Clube de Braga's manager returned from a game at Highbury and changed his team's green kit to a duplicate of Arsenal's red with white sleeves and shorts, giving rise to the team's nickname of Os Arsenalistas.


Premise: What content of a grapes skin can be affected by soil composition, climate, and cultivation practices?

Hypothesis: Phenolic content of grape skin varies with cultivar, soil composition, climate, geographic origin, and cultivation practices or exposure to diseases, such as fungal infections.


Premise: What navigator discovered the island?

Hypothesis: Another theory holds that the island found by da Nova was actually Tristan da Cunha, 2,430 kilometres (1,510 mi) to the south, and that Saint Helena was discovered by some of the ships attached to the squadron of Estêvão da Gama expedition on 30 July 1503 (as reported in the account of clerk Thomé Lopes).


Premise: What part of Plymouth is the Roland Levinsky building situated in?

Hypothesis: The Roland Levinsky building, the landmark building of the University of Plymouth, is located in the city's central quarter.


Premise: Who was the fitness trainer that Madonna was involved with?

Hypothesis: She made a subdued appearance with Letterman at an awards show and appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno after realizing that she needed to change her musical direction in order to sustain her popularity.


Premise: How many pavilion are part of New Haven Hospital?

Hypothesis: New Haven Hospital has four pavilions, including the Yale – New Haven Children's Hospital and the Smilow Cancer Hospital; the Hospital of Saint Raphael is several blocks north, and touts its excellent cardiac emergency care program.


Premise: How come no one knows for sure when Gaddafi was born?

Hypothesis: As such, Gaddafi's date of birth is not known with certainty, and sources have set it in 1942 or in the spring of 1943, although biographers Blundy and Lycett noted that it could have been pre-1940.


Premise: Why did Coe donate to American studies programs?

Hypothesis: Also during the 1940s and 1950s, Wyoming millionaire William Robertson Coe made large contributions to the American studies programs at Yale University and at the University of Wyoming.


Premise: What institution did Western countries refuse to recognize?

Hypothesis: In the initial period of 1987–1989, this was partially for more economic independence, but as the Soviet Union weakened and it became increasingly obvious that nothing short of full independence would do, Estonia began a course towards self-determination.


Premise: What questions came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology?

Hypothesis: Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades.


Premise: What group of participants attack bystanders with confetti and dried pig bladders?

Hypothesis: One of the best-known is Stavelot, where the Carnival de la Laetare takes place on Laetare Sunday, the fourth Sunday of Lent.


Premise: What was the largest demographic for readers of The Sun?

Hypothesis: The Sun had the largest circulation of any daily newspaper in the United Kingdom, but in late 2013 slipped to second largest Saturday newspaper behind the Daily Mail.


Premise: How many were killed in the bombing of the Thames Estuary?

Hypothesis: Some 107,400 long tons (109,100 t) of shipping was damaged in the Thames Estuary and 1,600 civilians were casualties.


Premise: Due to the heavy upkeep, DeStefano decided to close what major infrastructure in the city?

Hypothesis: Believing the upkeep on the venue to be a drain of tax dollars, the DeStefano administration closed the Coliseum in 2002; it was demolished in 2007.


Premise: Which company provides the ability to connect to iPods as a standard feature in their automobiles?

Hypothesis: BMW released the first iPod automobile interface, allowing drivers of newer BMW vehicles to control an iPod using either the built-in steering wheel controls or the radio head-unit buttons.


Premise: What kind of interface does the iPod touch use instead of the click wheel?

Hypothesis: The user interface for the iPod Touch is identical to that of the iPhone.


Premise: What place did the game take in Nintendo's Official list of 100 Greatest Nintendo Games of All Time?

Hypothesis: The game placed 16th in Official Nintendo Magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Nintendo Games of All Time.


Premise: Who does the Cumberlandsche Galerie belong to?

Hypothesis: The Opera House, the Schauspielhaus (Play House), the Ballhofeins, the Ballhofzwei and the Cumberlandsche Galerie belong to the Lower Saxony State Theatre.


Premise: What sacred texts are some of the oldest in India?

Hypothesis: The Vedas are some of the oldest extant texts in India.


Premise: What did the Constitutio Habita say students were allowed?

Hypothesis: Today this is claimed as the origin of "academic freedom".


Premise: Was it common to hear electric recordings on phonographs?

Hypothesis: It was not unusual for electric recordings to be played back on acoustic phonographs.


Premise: Were men travelling to London to become authors paid well or poorly by the publishing-bookselling guilds?

Hypothesis: These men came to London to become authors, only to discover that the literary market simply could not support large numbers of writers, who, in any case, were very poorly remunerated by the publishing-bookselling guilds.


Premise: What year was the third edition released?

Hypothesis: In December, the second generation of Digital Monster was released, followed by a third edition in 1998.


Premise: What type of laser diode is used in a DVD player?

Hypothesis: Today, red and red-orange laser diodes are widely available to the public in the form of extremely inexpensive laser pointers.


Premise: On what principle did the Novi Sad Agreement focus upon?

Hypothesis: The evidence supporting this claim is patchy: Croatian linguist Stjepan Babić complained that the television transmission from Belgrade always used the Latin alphabet— which was true, but was not proof of unequal rights, but of frequency of use and prestige.


Premise: Which dog is not able to mount a female dog?

Hypothesis: Male French Bulldogs, for instance, are incapable of mounting the female.


Premise: Who issued the Pragmatic Sanction?

Hypothesis: In 1568 the Netherlands, led by William I of Orange, revolted against Philip II because of high taxes, persecution of Protestants by the government, and Philip's efforts to modernize and centralize the devolved-medieval government structures of the provinces.


Premise: In what year was the Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy founded?

Hypothesis: In 2012, Schwarzenegger helped to found the Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy, which is a part of the USC Sol Price School of Public Policy at the University of Southern California.


Premise: While in Berlin he saw the operatic work of who?

Hypothesis: On an 1829 return trip to Berlin, he was a guest of Prince Antoni Radziwiłł, governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen—himself an accomplished composer and aspiring cellist.


Premise: What type of ground was Bern built on?

Hypothesis: There is an elevation difference of several metres between the inner city districts on the Aare (Matte, Marzili) and the higher ones (Kirchenfeld, Länggasse).


Premise: What industries are these types of elevators generally used in?

Hypothesis: Belt elevators are often used in docks for loading loose materials such as coal, iron ore and grain into the holds of bulk carriers


Premise: When did covert antiaircraft training start in Germany?

Hypothesis: The Treaty of Versailles prevented Germany having AA weapons, and for example, the Krupps designers joined Bofors in Sweden.


Premise: Where does the Italian influences on Eritrean cuisine come from?

Hypothesis: The Italian Eritrean cuisine started to be practiced during the colonial times of the Kingdom of Italy, when a large number of Italians moved to Eritrea.


Premise: What mall is Brasilia's newest bus station near?

Hypothesis: It is on Saída Sul (South Exit) near Parkshopping Mall and with its metro station, and it's also an inter-state bus station, used only to leave the Federal District.


Premise: Who controlled the media in the Congo in 2008

Hypothesis: In 2008, the main media were owned by the government, but many more privately run forms of media were being created.


Premise: What amendment to the Brazilian constitution states that human rights treaties approved by means of a special procedure by Congress enjoy the same position as a constitutional amendment?

Hypothesis: A more recent ruling by the Supreme Court in 2008 has altered that scheme somewhat, by stating that treaties containing human rights provisions enjoy a status above that of ordinary legislation, though they remain beneath the constitution itself.


Premise: What do some cultures have formal ceremonies for?

Hypothesis: Also, many modern and historic cultures have formal ceremonies expressing long-term commitment between same-sex friends, even though homosexuality itself is taboo within the cultures.


Premise: Who was Kanye's greatest cultural figure?

Hypothesis: He has further described musician David Bowie as one of his "most important inspirations," and named producer Puff Daddy as the "most important cultural figure in my life.


Premise: What occurred in February of 2016?

Hypothesis: The OBA government simultaneously introduced a bill to permit Civil Unions.


Premise: What did Hume bring to empiricism?

Hypothesis: The Scottish philosopher David Hume (1711–1776) responded to Berkeley's criticisms of Locke, as well as other differences between early modern philosophers, and moved empiricism to a new level of skepticism.


Premise: When was the Gare du Nord station finished?

Hypothesis: This production was promoted by the Ateneo Mercantil de Valencia (Mercantile Athenaeum of Valencia), especially by its chairman, Tomás Trénor y Palavicino, and had the support of the Government and the Crown; it was officially inaugurated by King Alfonso XIII himself.


Premise: Before 1641 the privileged ennoblement was granted by what?

Hypothesis: In the Kingdom of Poland and later in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, ennoblement (nobilitacja) may be equated with an individual given legal status as a szlachta (member of the Polish nobility).


Premise: What was NW Fifth Avenue previously called?

Hypothesis: Black labor played a crucial role in Miami's early development.


Premise: Which type of guna is concened with passion and activity?

Hypothesis: The interplay of these gunas defines the character of someone or something, of nature and determines the progress of life.


Premise: Who amassed a collection 8000 crystals?

Hypothesis: Alpine crystals have been studied and collected for hundreds of years, and began to be classified in the 18th century.


Premise: What was the name of the ecumenical council that made the decision ?

Hypothesis: The definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin.


Premise: What formative period  produced bitumen?

Hypothesis: This formation is from the early Cretaceous, and is composed of numerous lenses of oil-bearing sand with up to 20% oil.


Premise: The Times features a puzzles section called what?

Hypothesis: The back pages are devoted to puzzles and contain sudoku, "Killer Sudoku", "KenKen", word polygon puzzles, and a crossword simpler and more concise than the main "Times Crossword".


Premise: Who operates these lines?

Hypothesis: Five new light rail lines are currently in various stages of development.


Premise: What did Nasser wear during the coup?

Hypothesis: While many of the rebel officers were leading their units, Nasser donned civilian clothing to avoid detection by royalists and moved around Cairo monitoring the situation.


Premise: What pact contained many Russian-speaking countries?

Hypothesis: According to the Eurobarometer 2005 survey, though, fluency in Russian remains fairly high (20–40%) in some countries, in particular those where the people speak a Slavic language and thereby have an edge in learning Russian (namely, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Bulgaria).


Premise: When did John create a new tax on income and movable goods?

Hypothesis: John created a new tax on income and movable goods in 1207 – effectively a version of a modern income tax – that produced £60,000; he created a new set of import and export duties payable directly to the crown.


Premise: What new country did the Lancaster House Agreement recognize?

Hypothesis: Kenyan independence was preceded by the eight-year Mau Mau Uprising.