Premise: What has been formed to protect the fish stocks in Tuvalu Lagoon?

Hypothesis: In Tuvalu plastic waste is a problem as much imported food and other commodities are supplied in plastic containers or packaging.


Premise: What can be done when small amounts of lead are added to alloys?

Hypothesis: An alloy of 96% zinc and 4% aluminium is used to make stamping dies for low production run applications for which ferrous metal dies would be too expensive.


Premise: What is a solution to preventing an LED failure?

Hypothesis: This means that a small change in voltage can cause a large change in current.


Premise: What is Estonia's highest mountain point?

Hypothesis: Estonia lies on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea immediately across the Gulf of Finland from Finland on the level northwestern part of the rising East European platform between 57.3° and 59.5° N and 21.5° and 28.1° E. Average elevation reaches only 50 metres (164 ft) and the country's highest point is the Suur Munamägi in the southeast at 318 metres (1,043 ft).


Premise: What museum is next to the Science Museum of Virginia?

Hypothesis: Immediately adjacent is the Children's Museum of Richmond, and two blocks away, the Virginia Center for Architecture.


Premise: What is one country that contained considerable and prosperous towns during this time?

Hypothesis: Germany and the Lowlands had large flourishing towns that grew in comparative peace, in trade and competition with each other, or united for mutual weal, as in the Hanseatic League.


Premise: Where did the Zahringer ruling family rise to power?

Hypothesis: The medieval city is a foundation of the Zähringer ruling family, which rose to power in Upper Burgundy in the 12th century.


Premise: What configurations can bacteria can bacteria take?

Hypothesis: Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals.


Premise: What are the only forms of public transport to and from the city's main airports?

Hypothesis: Melbourne also has a significant general aviation airport, Moorabbin Airport in the city's south east that also handles a small number of passenger flights.


Premise: Where was Thomas R. Steels a member?

Hypothesis: In 1899, a Doncaster member of the Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants, Thomas R. Steels, proposed in his union branch that the Trade Union Congress call a special conference to bring together all left-wing organisations and form them into a single body that would sponsor Parliamentary candidates.


Premise: Colombier Bay has what type of helpful structures placed in the water?

Hypothesis: Saint-Barthélemy has a marine nature reserve, known as the Reserve Naturelle that covers 1.200 ha, and is divided into 5 zones all around the island to form a network of protected areas.


Premise: How many species of birds are there?

Hypothesis: Approximately 1800 of the world's 10,000 bird species are long-distance migrants.


Premise: What did Murdoch and Mackenzie say in defense of The Sun?

Hypothesis: Both have pointed to the huge commercial success of the Sun in this period and its establishment as Britain's top-selling newspaper, claiming that they are "giving the public what they want".


Premise: In what season did Everton win their fourth League title?

Hypothesis: Everton also won their second FA Cup in 1933 with a 3–0 win against Manchester City in the final.


Premise: What do the vibrational frequencies of molecules usually correspond to?

Hypothesis: If an oscillation leads to a change in dipole in the molecule then it will absorb a photon that has the same frequency.


Premise: The process of faith leads one to what?

Hypothesis: They experienced a mystical process that allowed them, in the end, to experience what they had already gained knowledge of through their faith only.


Premise: There were four corps of the Ottoman Army, what were they?

Hypothesis: The main corps of the Ottoman Army included Janissary, Sipahi, Akıncı and Mehterân.


Premise: In Czech, what are loanwords from other languages associated with?

Hypothesis: Although older German loanwords were colloquial, recent borrowings from other languages are associated with high culture.


Premise: On which river is the Three Gorges Dam built?

Hypothesis: The plan is hailed by some as China's efforts to shift towards alternative energy sources and to further develop its industrial and commercial bases, but others have criticised it for its potentially harmful effects, such as massive resettlement of residents in the reservoir areas, loss of archeological sites, and ecological damages.


Premise: What is one of the first known instances of translation in the West?

Hypothesis: The translation is known as the "Septuagint", a name that refers to the seventy translators (seventy-two, in some versions) who were commissioned to translate the Bible at Alexandria, Egypt.


Premise: Who are the cellular phone operators available?

Hypothesis: BSNL, Reliance Infocomm, Tata Indicom, Tata Docomo, Aircel, Vodafone, Idea Cellular and Airtel are available cellular phone operators.


Premise: When was the Assumption dogmatically define by the Catholic Church?

Hypothesis: In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Assumption of the Virgin Mary is believed, and celebrated with her Dormition, where they believe she died.


Premise: What is driving increasing rates of investment in the renewable energy industry?

Hypothesis: According to a trend analysis from the United Nations Environment Programme, climate change concerns coupled with recent high oil prices and increasing government support are driving increasing rates of investment in the renewable energy and energy efficiency industries.


Premise: In what year was the Community Party of China created?

Hypothesis: Today the Communist Party of China claims to be the largest political party in the world, with eighty million members.


Premise: What animal has shown extreme inventiveness in the clothing it has devised?

Hypothesis: Humans have shown extreme inventiveness in devising clothing solutions to environmental hazards.


Premise: In what country did the US maintain air forces and garrisons?

Hypothesis: There were no large foreign military garrisons in Korea at the time of the invasion, but there were large U.S. garrisons and air forces in Japan.


Premise: Ultimately what started the Social War?

Hypothesis: The third and final uprising was the most serious, involving ultimately between 120,000 and 150,000 slaves under the command of the gladiator Spartacus.


Premise: What type of feeling is pain?

Hypothesis: Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli, such as stubbing a toe, burning a finger, putting alcohol on a cut, and bumping the "funny bone".


Premise: What is Tungi Spirit made out of?

Hypothesis: It also produces and exports Tungi Spirit, made from the fruit of the prickly or cactus pears, Opuntia ficus-indica ("Tungi" is the local St Helenian name for the plant).


Premise: What year did Sony first exhibit the use of an optical digital audio disc?

Hypothesis: Sony first publicly demonstrated an optical digital audio disc in September 1976.


Premise: Along with Free Vietnam, what was another term for South Vietnam?

Hypothesis: In late 1954, Gen. J. Lawton Collins was made ambassador to "Free Vietnam" (the term South Vietnam came into use in 1955), effectively elevating the country to sovereign status.


Premise: What aspect of buildings became very rare?

Hypothesis: Internal courtyards became more rare, except beside the stables, and the functional parts of the building were placed at the sides, or in separate buildings nearby hidden by trees.


Premise: What should the government of China be responsible for providing to earthquake survivors?

Hypothesis: The Vice Minister of Health also suggested that the government would pick up the costs of care to earthquake victims, many of whom have little or no insurance: "The government should be responsible for providing medical treatment to them," he said.


Premise: Which organization provided water for weather effects?

Hypothesis: The crew returned to the river less than a week later to film scenes solely set on Westminster Bridge.


Premise: Which vowel remains distinct?

Hypothesis: ; /i/ remains distinct.


Premise: What two groups were excluded from the South Korean political process?

Hypothesis: Disenfranchised, they headed for the hills, to prepare for guerrilla war against the US-sponsored ROK Government.


Premise: Name the three writers who were in part resonsible for the reemergence of Cubism between 1917 and 1924.

Hypothesis: The occasional return to classicism—figurative work either exclusively or alongside Cubist work—experienced by many artists during this period (called Neoclassicism) has been linked to the tendency to evade the realities of the war and also to the cultural dominance of a classical or Latin image of France during and immediately following the war.


Premise: He is still known today as what?

Hypothesis: On 5 July 2013, Pope Francis – bypassing the traditionally required second miracle – declared John XXIII a saint, after unanimous agreement by a consistory, or meeting, of the College of Cardinals, based on the fact that he was considered to have lived a virtuous, model lifestyle, and because of the good for the Church which had come from his having opened the Second Vatican Council.


Premise: About how many people get a Toxocara infection each year?

Hypothesis: In Great Britain, 24% of soil samples taken from public parks contained T. canis eggs.


Premise: What did the court rule outlawing polygamy was?

Hypothesis: Considering this, the court ruled that outlawing polygamy was constitutional.


Premise: What happens if all wrestlers are down?

Hypothesis: In a Last Man Standing match, this form of a knockout is the only way that the match can end, so the referee will count when one or more wrestlers are down, and one wrestler standing up before the 10-count doesn't stop the count for another wrestler who is still down.


Premise: Who adopted the Byzantine mosaic tradition?

Hypothesis: Greek masters working in Sicily developed their own style, that shows the influence of Western European and Islamic artistic tendencies.


Premise: Other than trade, what was the traditional basis of Kathmandu's economy?

Hypothesis: This geography helped form a society based on agriculture.


Premise: What did Brigham Young instruct Karl G. Maeser to not teach even the alphabet without?

Hypothesis: BYU's stated mission "is to assist individuals in their quest for perfection and eternal life.


Premise: What is the name of a song that references the state that KU serves?

Hypothesis: Notable among a number of songs commonly played and sung at various events such as commencement and convocation, and athletic games are: "I’m a Jayhawk", "Fighting Jayhawk"


Premise: Where was the torch event started in Hong Kong?

Hypothesis: In the ceremony held at the Hong Kong Cultural Centre in Tsim Sha Tsui, Chief Executive Donald Tsang handed the torch to the first torchbearer, Olympic medalist Lee Lai Shan.


Premise: If a distinct trait in edible pea plants is mathematically described as a 2n combination, what does n represent?

Hypothesis: Although he did not use the term gene, he explained his results in terms of discrete inherited units that give rise to observable physical characteristics.


Premise: How many deaths are believed to have been caused by alcohol?

Hypothesis: A total of 3.3 million deaths (5.9% of all deaths) are believed to be due to alcohol.


Premise: When did the Arabian oryx become extinct in the wild due to sport hunting?

Hypothesis: The use of automobiles and high-powered rifles destroyed their only advantage: speed, and they became extinct in the wild exclusively due to sport hunting in 1972.


Premise: In which region of the world were the Spanish pesos minted?

Hypothesis: The sign was the result of a late 18th-century evolution of the scribal abbreviation "ps" for the peso, the common name for the Spanish dollars that were in wide circulation in the New World from the 16th to the 19th centuries.


Premise: Who did Beyonce donate the money to earned from her shows?

Hypothesis: Later that year she became the first solo female artist to headline the main Pyramid stage at the 2011 Glastonbury Festival in over twenty years, and was named the highest-paid performer in the world per minute.


Premise: The per capita income of New Delhi was second only to what Indian municipality?

Hypothesis: 230000, second highest in India after Goa.


Premise: They introduced it in response to what?

Hypothesis: Psychologists Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow introduced a positive, humanistic psychology in response to what they viewed as the overly pessimistic view of psychoanalysis in the early 1960s.


Premise: Who was the new chairman of the State Planning Committee in 1985?

Hypothesis: At the next Central Committee meeting on October 15, Tikhonov retired from the Politburo and Talyzin became a candidate.


Premise: Along with the ESPN networks, on what network were 2014 AFL games broadcast?

Hypothesis: Starting in 2014, ESPN returned to the AFL as broadcast partners, with weekly games being shown on CBS Sports Network, ESPN, ESPN2, ESPNEWS along with all games being broadcast on ESPN3 for free live on WatchESPN.


Premise: What does having sense perceptions conclude about a person?

Hypothesis: In this way symbolic reference is a fusion of pure sense perceptions on the one hand and causal relations on the other, and that it is in fact the causal relationships that dominate the more basic mentality (as the dog illustrates), while it is the sense perceptions which indicate a higher grade mentality (as the artist illustrates).


Premise: What positive integer is used to divide the sum of two positive integers in modular mathematics?

Hypothesis: In modular arithmetic, two integers are added and then the sum is divided by a positive integer called the modulus.


Premise: Did 9/11 lead to more FBI oversight?

Hypothesis: The 9/11 Commission's final report on July 22, 2004 stated that the FBI and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) were both partially to blame for not pursuing intelligence reports that could have prevented the September 11, 2001 attacks.


Premise: To what does the term "Sack of Palermo" refer?

Hypothesis: The so-called "Sack of Palermo" is one of the major visible faces of the problem.


Premise: In what year did American Idol first air its eleventh season?

Hypothesis: Season 11 premiered on January 18, 2012.


Premise: What can be done when small amounts of lead are added to alloys?

Hypothesis: Similar alloys with the addition of a small amount of lead can be cold-rolled into sheets.


Premise: What year did a Parliamentary garrison enter Southampton?

Hypothesis: The Royalists advanced as far as Redbridge, Southampton, in March 1644 but were prevented from taking the town.


Premise: Who catalyzed the conversion of Tajik script into Cyrillic?

Hypothesis: The Islamic conquest also brought with it the adoption of Arabic script for writing Persian and much later, Kurdish, Pashto and Balochi.


Premise: Where did bin Laden escape to in Dec 2001?

Hypothesis: On 7 October 2001, the official invasion began with British and U.S. forces conducting airstrike campaigns over enemy targets.


Premise: In which battle was Hannibal clearly defeated at?

Hypothesis: The Romans held off Hannibal in three battles, but then Hannibal smashed a succession of Roman consular armies.


Premise: What year did Chopin compose his first work?

Hypothesis: Fryderyk may have had some piano instruction from his mother, but his first professional music tutor, from 1816 to 1821, was the Czech pianist Wojciech Żywny.


Premise: Where would the Bizere Monastery be located today?

Hypothesis: Other experts claim that it was part of the later Catholic monastery on the site because it shows the signs of strong Italianate influence.


Premise: What size orchestras have performed Gustav Mahler's 1906 Symphony No. 8?

Hypothesis: The size of the orchestra (typically around 40 in the Classical era) grew to be over 100.


Premise: What area of the hippocampus plays a role in storing new memories?

Hypothesis: With these exceptions, however, the set of neurons that is present in early childhood is the set that is present for life.


Premise: Around when were humans able to understand to some degree what culture really meant?

Hypothesis: This ability arose with the evolution of behavioral modernity in humans around 50,000 years ago.[citation needed]


Premise: When was Munammad Huayn Haykal's first modern novel published?

Hypothesis: The first modern Egyptian novel Zaynab by Muhammad Husayn Haykal was published in 1913 in the Egyptian vernacular.


Premise: What area is usually grouped with the Appalachians?

Hypothesis: This same plateau is known as the Cumberland Plateau in southern West Virginia, eastern Kentucky, western Virginia, eastern Tennessee, and northern Alabama.


Premise: How far did crop prices fall?

Hypothesis: Cities all around the world were hit hard, especially those dependent on heavy industry.


Premise: When did Aspar die?

Hypothesis: Although the movements of peoples during this period are usually described as "invasions", they were not just military expeditions but migrations of entire peoples into the empire.


Premise: An axon can connect to how many other cells?

Hypothesis: A single axon may make as many as several thousand synaptic connections with other cells.


Premise: Who wrote the book The Story of Tibet?

Hypothesis: Journalist and author Thomas Laird, in his book The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama, writes that Wang and Nyima present the government viewpoint of the People's Republic of China in their Historical Status of China's Tibet, and fail to realize that China was "absorbed into a larger, non-Chinese political unit" during the Mongol Yuan dynasty, which Wang and Nyima paint as a characteristic Chinese dynasty succeeded by the Ming.


Premise: What techniques can be used to alter the genomes of an adult organism to treat genetic disease?

Hypothesis: However, the genomes of cells in an adult organism can be edited using gene therapy techniques to treat genetic diseases.


Premise: What has been the focus since 2011

Hypothesis: In mid 2011, the Foundation announced in its new "Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Strategy Overview" that its funding now focuses primarily on sanitation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, because access to improved sanitation is lowest in those regions.


Premise: What institute provides education in art, design, and media?

Hypothesis: The Estonian Academy of Arts (Estonian: Eesti Kunstiakadeemia, EKA) is providing higher education in art, design, architecture, media, art history and conservation while Viljandi Culture Academy of University of Tartu has an approach to popularise native culture through such curricula as native construction, native blacksmithing, native textile design, traditional handicraft and traditional music, but also jazz and church music.


Premise: According to doctrine, because all thing don't last, attachment can lead to what?

Hypothesis: Since nothing lasts, there is no inherent or fixed nature to any object or experience.


Premise: Where did we find proof of his existence?

Hypothesis: The evidence of the early texts suggests that Siddhārtha Gautama was born in a community that was on the periphery, both geographically and culturally, of the northeastern Indian subcontinent in the fifth century BCE.


Premise: What sort of relationship did Gaddafi have with Halyna Kolotnytska?

Hypothesis: Kolotnytska's daughter denied the suggestion that the relationship was anything but professional.


Premise: What are kings often depicted as on ancient reliefs?

Hypothesis: The cultural and psychological importance of hunting in ancient societies is represented by deities such as the horned god Cernunnos and lunar goddesses of classical antiquity, the Greek Artemis or Roman Diana.


Premise: Which Iranian scientist discovered HbA1c to further treatment and research of diabetes?

Hypothesis: Iranian scientists outside Iran have also made some major contributions to science.


Premise: What category is defined to contain pleasure, pain, motivation, moods and dispositions?

Hypothesis: Finally, some theorists place emotions within a more general category of "affective states" where affective states can also include emotion-related phenomena such as pleasure and pain, motivational states (for example, hunger or curiosity), moods, dispositions and traits.


Premise: What university did Sir Samuel Curran contribute to the creation of?

Hypothesis: Until the 19th century, religion played a significant role in university curriculum; however, the role of religion in research universities decreased in the 19th century, and by the end of the 19th century, the German university model had spread around the world.


Premise: What did the Fliegerkorps X concentrate on?

Hypothesis: The mines' ability to destroy entire streets earned them respect in Britain, but several fell unexploded into British hands allowing counter-measures to be developed which damaged the German anti-shipping campaign.


Premise: For whom was the revolution named?

Hypothesis: Although unable to resist the popular demand for the expulsion of the Spaniards, he soon quarreled with the legislature, which declared itself firmly for Guerrero, and announcing his support of Bustamante's revolution, he suspended, in March 1830, eight members of that body, the vice-governor, and several other officials, and expelled them from the state.


Premise: How many U.S. Marines were killed by the time thhey reached the west coast of the island?

Hypothesis: As soon as the Marines pushed inland to a line of enemy bunkers, they came under devastating machine gun and artillery fire which cut down many of the men.


Premise: where was house music from chicago-based labels considered a must-play?

Hypothesis: By this time, house music released by Chicago-based labels was considered a must-play in clubs.


Premise: What types of organizations are NPOs usually associated with?

Hypothesis: The nonprofit landscape is highly varied, although many people have come to associate NPOs with charitable organizations.


Premise: Where was the Indo-Aryan culture located?

Hypothesis: The Vedic culture is described in the texts of Vedas, still sacred to Hindus, which were orally composed in Vedic Sanskrit.


Premise: The fifteenth century also shows evidence of what in Masonic history?

Hypothesis: Since the middle of the 19th century, Masonic historians have sought the origins of the movement in a series of similar documents known as the Old Charges, dating from the Regius Poem in about 1425 to the beginning of the 18th century.


Premise: What usage that causes worker damage have some countries been reported doing?

Hypothesis: The Environmental Justice Foundation has campaigned against the prevalent use of forced child and adult labor in cotton production in Uzbekistan, the world's third largest cotton exporter.


Premise: Besides the rough terrain, why was it difficult to get to the area?

Hypothesis: Just 90 minutes after the earthquake, Premier Wen Jiabao, who has an academic background in geomechanics, flew to the earthquake area to oversee the rescue work.


Premise: How much was the royalties paid to Madonna for the music proceedings?

Hypothesis: It gave her 20% royalties from the music proceedings, one of the highest rates in the industry, equaled at that time only by Michael Jackson's royalty rate established a year earlier with Sony.


Premise: Which French leader ruled when the Suez Canal opened?

Hypothesis: The French were still majority shareholders and attempted to weaken the British position, but a compromise was reached with the 1888 Convention of Constantinople, which made the Canal officially neutral territory.


Premise: Which Parks make up the Chengdu Hi-tech Development Zone?

Hypothesis: Chengdu Hi-tech Development Zone covers an area of 82.5 km2 (31.9 sq mi), consisting of the South Park and the West Park.


Premise: What year was the Federal Civil Rights Act?

Hypothesis: It was not until 1992 that another African American was elected as a US Representative from North Carolina.


Premise: Candidates are never what to a Masonic lodge?

Hypothesis: Candidates for Freemasonry will have met most active members of the Lodge they are joining before they are initiated.


Premise: Who founded Electro-Dynamic Light Company?

Hypothesis: Albon Man, a New York lawyer, started Electro-Dynamic Light Company in 1878 to exploit his patents and those of William Sawyer.


Premise: In what year was the book Gut Reactions by Jesse Prinz published?

Hypothesis: Schachter did agree that physiological reactions played a big role in emotions.


Premise: What color bush did an Anglo-Saxon woman raise to indicate that her ale was done brewing?

Hypothesis: After the departure of Roman authority in the 5th Century and the fall of the Romano-British kingdoms, the Anglo-Saxons established alehouses that grew out of domestic dwellings, the Anglo-Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole to let people know her brew was ready.


Premise: What are some companies that profit from the BDS system?

Hypothesis: According to China daily.


Premise: In 2012, solar electricity consumption increased by what percentage?

Hypothesis: Use of wind power in 2012 increased by 18.1 percent, to 521.3 TWh.


Premise: What happened in India during the Neolithic period?

Hypothesis: The first confirmed semipermanent settlements appeared 9,000 years ago in the Bhimbetka rock shelters in modern Madhya Pradesh, India.


Premise: How long has the International System of Measurements based the second on caesium?

Hypothesis: SI defines the second as 9,192,631,770 cycles of the radiation that corresponds to the transition between two electron spin energy levels of the ground state of the 133Cs atom.


Premise: Sumerians used number systems which included what alternating bases?

Hypothesis: They invented and developed arithmetic by using several different number systems including a mixed radix system with an alternating base 10 and base 6.


Premise: What is the name for the concerts held on New Haven Green throughout the month of July?

Hypothesis: The New Haven Green is the site of many free music concerts, especially during the summer months.


Premise: What powers of a new UK police officer are the same as a Commissioner's?

Hypothesis: This means that a newly appointed constable has the same arrest powers as a Chief Constable or Commissioner.


Premise: Why did the Old Guard say Eisenhower should void the Yalta Agreements?

Hypothesis: In 1953, the Republican Party's Old Guard presented Eisenhower with a dilemma by insisting he disavow the Yalta Agreements as beyond the constitutional authority of the Executive Branch; however, the death of Joseph Stalin in March 1953 made the matter a practical moot point.


Premise: Along with fishermen, what sort of Japanese people visited the Marshalls?

Hypothesis: Under German control, and even before then, Japanese traders and fishermen from time to time visited the Marshall Islands, although contact with the islanders was irregular.


Premise: What was the plan to settle and develop the Province of Carolina?

Hypothesis: After Charles II of England (1630–1685) was restored to the English throne in 1660 following Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate, he granted the chartered Province of Carolina to eight of his loyal friends, known as the Lords Proprietors, on March 24, 1663.


Premise: How many awards was Beyonce nominated for at the 52nd Grammy Awards?

Hypothesis: She tied with Lauryn Hill for most Grammy nominations in a single year by a female artist.


Premise: Why did the state House think they could change Oklahoma's motto?

Hypothesis: The author of the resolution stated that a constituent researched the Oklahoma Constitution and found no "official" vote regarding "Labor Omnia Vincit", therefore opening the door for an entirely new motto.


Premise: What is the smalled nation in the Central Asia area?

Hypothesis: Tajikistan is landlocked, and is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area.


Premise: Chopin is closely associated with what era?

Hypothesis: In his native Poland, in France, where he composed most of his works, and beyond, Chopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest superstars, his association (if only indirect) with political insurrection, his love life and his early death have made him, in the public consciousness, a leading symbol of the Romantic era.


Premise: How fast was the processor on the new Macintosh llfx?

Hypothesis: Apart from its fast 40 MHz 68030 processor, it had significant internal architectural improvements, including faster memory and two Apple II CPUs (6502s) dedicated to I/O processing.


Premise: What did King charles levy on river boats

Hypothesis: In the north of the county the River Chew flows into the Bristol Avon.


Premise: What were PVA troops told to do when planes flew by?

Hypothesis: Such battlefield discipline allowed a three-division army to march the 286 miles (460 km) from An-tung, Manchuria, to the combat zone in some 19 days.


Premise: What is the name of the software sometimes used to help calculate lighting needs in a built environment?

Hypothesis: More critical or optimized designs now routinely use mathematical modeling on a computer using software such as Radiance which can allow an Architect to quickly undertake complex calculations to review the benefit of a particular design.


Premise: What is there no official provision for?

Hypothesis: However, some encoders such as LAME can attach additional metadata that will allow players that can handle it to deliver seamless playback.


Premise: When is the perspective aspect of a verb used?

Hypothesis: The imperfective aspect typically indicates that the action is unfinished, in progress, or repetitive; while the perfective aspect typically denotes that the action was completed, instantaneous, or of limited duration.


Premise: Which college where the Cambridge Rules written at?

Hypothesis: The Cambridge Rules, first drawn up at Cambridge University in 1848, were particularly influential in the development of subsequent codes, including association football.


Premise: What is the last step in the stemmatic method?

Hypothesis: The stemmatic method's final step is emendatio, also sometimes referred to as "conjectural emendation.


Premise: What magazines provided reviews for audio equipment?

Hypothesis: High Fidelity and Audio were two magazines that hi-fi consumers and engineers could read for reviews of playback equipment and recordings.


Premise: What was the gross median estimate of household income in Switzerland in 2007?

Hypothesis: In 2007 the gross median household income in Switzerland was an estimated 137,094 USD at Purchasing power parity while the median income was 95,824 USD.


Premise: Upon dealing with leakage current and parasitic effects in a realistic model of a capacitor, what sort of methods can then be applied?

Hypothesis: Some of these, such as leakage current and parasitic effects are linear, or can be assumed to be linear, and can be dealt with by adding virtual components to the equivalent circuit of the capacitor.


Premise: What value did Forbes place on Arsenal in 2015?

Hypothesis: Research by the Henley Business School modelled the club's value at £1.118 billion in 2015, the second highest in the Premier League.


Premise: How is it postulated that Mars life might have evolved?

Hypothesis: This has led to speculation that, if life ever occurred on Mars, it might have looked similar to Antarctic fungi such as Cryomyces minteri.


Premise: In the Unites States what sets out the boundaries of federal law?

Hypothesis: The law of the United States comprises many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law, of which the most important is the United States Constitution, the foundation of the federal government of the United States.


Premise: What is the court case that ruled that schools were subject to local control?

Hypothesis: The subsequent Milliken v. Bradley decision had wide national influence.


Premise: What is another name for a fission/fusion bomb?

Hypothesis: Such bombs are jacketed in a non-fissile (unenriched) uranium case, and they derive more than half their power from the fission of this material by fast neutrons from the nuclear fusion process.


Premise: When does the temperature of morning type young adults reach its lowest?

Hypothesis: Though variation is great among normal chronotypes, the average human adult's temperature reaches its minimum at about 05:00 (5 a.m.), about two hours before habitual wake time.


Premise: Who was exiled when he lost the favor of the monarch?

Hypothesis: When the monarch grew tired of a first minister, he or she could be dismissed, or worse: Cromwell was executed and Clarendon driven into exile when they lost favour.


Premise: Which Armenian football team was the most successful?

Hypothesis: In football, their most successful team was Yerevan's FC Ararat, which had claimed most of the Soviet championships in the 70s and had also gone to post victories against professional clubs like FC Bayern Munich in the Euro cup.


Premise: The lead single from the album was which song?

Hypothesis: It sold 541,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200, becoming Beyoncé's second consecutive number-one album in the United States.


Premise: What was Eisenhower's date of death?

Hypothesis: On March 31, Eisenhower's body was returned to the National Cathedral, where he was given an Episcopal Church funeral service.


Premise: What sports activity is featured in The Times on Mondays?

Hypothesis: The Game is included in the newspaper on Mondays, and details all the weekend's football activity (Premier League and Football League Championship, League One and League Two.)


Premise: What United States city has the most cast iron architecture?

Hypothesis: Among Richmond's most interesting architectural features is its Cast-iron architecture.


Premise: How many of RIBA Enterprises' staff are located at the Newcastle office?

Hypothesis: RIBA Enterprises is the commercial arm of RIBA, with a registered office in Newcastle upon Tyne, a base at 15 Bonhill Street in London, and an office in Newark.


Premise: Along with Josh Groban, what notable pop artist started out his career on adult contemporary radio?

Hypothesis: Much as some hot AC and modern rock artists have crossed over into each other, so too has soft AC crossed with country music in this decade.


Premise: What portion of Rajasthan is east and south of the Aravalli Range?

Hypothesis: Mount Abu lies at the southwestern end of the range, separated from the main ranges by the West Banas River, although a series of broken ridges continues into Haryana in the direction of Delhi where it can be seen as outcrops in the form of the Raisina Hill and the ridges farther north.


Premise: Piracy has been more recently described online in relation to what?

Hypothesis: Piracy traditionally refers to acts of copyright infringement intentionally committed for financial gain, though more recently, copyright holders have described online copyright infringement, particularly in relation to peer-to-peer file sharing networks, as "piracy."


Premise: Recent discoveries in what country demonstrate many small theropod feathered dinosaurs.

Hypothesis: As scientists have discovered more theropods closely related to birds, the previously clear distinction between non-birds and birds has become blurred.


Premise: Who designed the Palacio Salvo?

Hypothesis: Palacio Salvo, at the intersection of 18 de Julio Avenue and Plaza Independencia, was designed by the architect Mario Palanti and completed in 1925.


Premise: What is used in some of the festive fights?

Hypothesis: Other popular activities include body painting and flour fighting.


Premise: How many did snow fall in Palermo between 1940and the 2000s?

Hypothesis: Between the 1940s and the 2000s there have been eleven times when considerable snowfall has occurred:


Premise: Who did the migrating Shakyas pretend to be?

Hypothesis: With their migration, Yambu was called Koligram and Yengal was called Dakshin Koligram during most of the Licchavi era.


Premise: What caused most of the missionaries to leave the country?

Hypothesis: While these missionaries are predominantly from the United States, France, Italy, and Spain, many are also from Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and other African countries.


Premise: In what month and year did the United States remove its military bases from Libya?

Hypothesis: His administration insisted that the U.S. and U.K. remove their military bases from Libya, with Gaddafi proclaiming that "the armed forces which rose to express the people's revolution [will not] tolerate living in their shacks while the bases of imperialism exist in Libyan territory.


Premise: What philosophies were the samurai influenced by?

Hypothesis: The philosophies of Buddhism and Zen, and to a lesser extent Confucianism and Shinto, influenced the samurai culture.


Premise: In what year did World War I begin?

Hypothesis: During the Paris Peace Conference the Big Four imposed their terms in a series of treaties, especially the Treaty of Versailles.


Premise: What pope was the Fourth Council of the Lateran held under?

Hypothesis: The decree of the Council of Trent is worded more mildly: "Let clerics abstain from illicit hunting and hawking" (Sess.


Premise: How many preseason games does each MLB team play?

Hypothesis: Some days feature the team playing two games with two different rosters evenly divided up, which are known as "split-squad" games.


Premise: Which conflict was the impetus for the formation of the Pact?

Hypothesis: The Warsaw Pact was created in reaction to the integration of West Germany into NATO in 1955 per the Paris Pacts of 1954, but it is also considered to have been motivated by Soviet desires to maintain control over military forces in Central and Eastern Europe.


Premise: Portugal modernized its public cultural facilities during what two decades?

Hypothesis: In the 1990s and 2000s (decade), Portugal modernized its public cultural facilities, in addition to the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established in 1956 in Lisbon.


Premise: Laws were formulated in what country?

Hypothesis: The Laws now express dimensions with approximate metric equivalents (followed by traditional units in brackets), though use of imperial units remains popular in English-speaking countries with a relatively recent history of metrication (or only partial metrication), such as Britain.


Premise: What event caused major changes in Bermuda?

Hypothesis: Even after tourism began later in the 19th century, Bermuda remained, in the eyes of London, a base more than a colony.


Premise: As it pertains to violent crimes against targeted groups, what is the ultimate motivation within the actions of genocide?

Hypothesis: In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, described the policies of systematic murder founded by the Nazis as genocide.


Premise: When did New York City annex part of Pelham?

Hypothesis: The consolidation of the Bronx into New York City proceeded in two stages.


Premise: What would be required for the human body to potentially have a chance to create a complete protein source?

Hypothesis: However, complementary sources of protein do not need to be eaten at the same meal to be used together by the body.


Premise: Who publishes Tucson Weekly?

Hypothesis: Wick Communications publishes the daily legal paper The Daily Territorial, while Boulder, Colo.-based 10/13 Communications publishes Tucson Weekly (an "alternative" publication), Inside Tucson Business and the Explorer.


Premise: What was the value of the cancelled gas project that was to be contstructed in Louisiana?

Hypothesis: Over the course of 2013, the corporation began the sale of its US shale gas assets and cancelled a US$20 billion gas project that was to be constructed in the US state of Louisiana.


Premise: What did the Nieszawa statues clarify?

Hypothesis: In 1454 King Casimir IV granted the Nieszawa Statutes (Polish: "statuty cerkwicko-nieszawskie"), clarifying the legal basis of voivodship sejmiks (local parliaments).


Premise: How much did Avicenna pay for the book that helped him understand the Aristotle text?

Hypothesis: As a teenager, he was greatly troubled by the Metaphysics of Aristotle, which he could not understand until he read al-Farabi's commentary on the work.


Premise: Why have humans had a relationship with birds since the dawn of man?

Hypothesis: Other times, they may be commensal, as when species such as the house sparrow have benefited from human activities.


Premise: What is a name for the genetic makeup of mitochondria?

Hypothesis: So although these organisms contain chloroplasts or mitochondria that have their own DNA, the genetic information contained by DNA within these organelles is not considered part of the genome.


Premise: What problem did the Iraqi forces have?

Hypothesis: After nearly 50 years of proxy wars, and constant fears of another war in Europe between NATO and the Warsaw Pact, some thought the Persian Gulf War might finally answer the question of which military philosophy would have reigned supreme.


Premise: When was the Phagmodrupa Dynasty founded?

Hypothesis: In 1565 they were overthrown by the Tsangpa Dynasty of Shigatse which expanded its power in different directions of Tibet in the following decades and favoured the Karma Kagyu sect.


Premise: What happened to the Bishops who did not take the oath?

Hypothesis: The Pope refused to accept their decision, and requested the Emperor to hold another Council, in which the charges against Athanasius could be freely investigated.


Premise: In what city was Tony Chebatoris executed?

Hypothesis: Several states have never had capital punishment, the first being Michigan, which abolished it shortly after entering the Union.


Premise: Who declared the Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism?

Hypothesis: On 22 November 2002, the member states of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) decided on a Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism, which explicitly states, "EAPC States are committed to the protection and promotion of fundamental freedoms and human rights, as well as the rule of law, in combating terrorism.


Premise: How many clubs where in the first football league?

Hypothesis: The original format contained 12 clubs from the Midlands and Northern England.


Premise: Western North carolina is also known as what?

Hypothesis: Differences in the settlement patterns of eastern and western North Carolina, or the Low Country and uplands, affected the political, economic, and social life of the state from the 18th until the 20th century.


Premise: In the Swazi Parliament, what is the Bucopho?

Hypothesis: The nominations are for the position of Member of Parliament, Constituency Headman (Indvuna) and the Constituency Executive Committee (Bucopho).


Premise: What religion did the black community found?

Hypothesis: The free black community also established many schools for its children, with the help of Quakers.


Premise: Which mountains associated with the USA were formed near the equator on  Pangaea during the Devonian?

Hypothesis: The continent Euramerica (or Laurussia) was created in the early Devonian by the collision of Laurentia and Baltica, which rotated into the natural dry zone along the Tropic of Capricorn.


Premise: How many CDs had been distrubuted around the world by 2007?

Hypothesis: CDs are increasingly being replaced by other forms of digital storage and distribution, with the result that audio CD sales rates in the U.S. have dropped about 50% from their peak; however, they remain one of the primary distribution methods for the music industry.


Premise: What government body is responsible for releasing the annual official economic report for Delhi?

Hypothesis: According to the Economic Survey of Delhi, the metropolis has a net State Domestic Product (SDP) of Rs.


Premise: What substance used in Napoleon's treatment is it suggested prevented his stomach from expelling arsenic compounds?

Hypothesis: Their hypothesis was that the calomel given to Napoleon became an overdose, which killed him and left extensive tissue damage behind.


Premise: What does each congregation have?

Hypothesis: Witnesses do not use elder as a title to signify a formal clergy-laity division, though elders may employ ecclesiastical privilege such as confession of sins.


Premise: From which country did the Presbyterian Church of Vanuatu originate from?

Hypothesis: The PCV was taken to Vanuatu by missionaries from Scotland.


Premise: How long is Portugal's total road network?

Hypothesis: Opened in 1944, the first motorway (which linked Lisbon to the National Stadium) was an innovative project that made Portugal among one of the first countries in the world to establish a motorway (this roadway eventually became the Lisbon-Cascais highway, or A5).


Premise: Who was the founder of the Martorana church?

Hypothesis: The mosaic depicting Roger II of Sicily, dressed in Byzantine imperial robes and receiving the crown by Christ, was originally in the demolished narthex together with another panel, the Theotokos with Georgios of Antiochia, the founder of the church.


Premise: what was the name of Blake Baxter's 1987 hit recording?

Hypothesis: In 1989, KMS had another hit release of "Rock to the Beat" which was a theme in Chicago dance clubs.[citation needed]


Premise: What is the Muslim population in Himachal Pradesh?

Hypothesis: For example, they form 10% of the population in Una District adjoining the state of Punjab and 17% in Shimla, the state capital.


Premise: Whee these new inhabitants welcomed ?

Hypothesis: Waves of emigration followed the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, while the population decreased between mid-1974 and 1977 as a result of emigration, war losses, and a temporary decline in fertility.


Premise: How many natioanl female outdoor track and field championships have been won by the University of Kansas?

Hypothesis: KU has won thirteen National Championships: five in men's basketball (two Helms Foundation championships and three NCAA championships), three in men's indoor track and field, three in men's outdoor track and field, one in men's cross country and one in women's outdoor track and field.


Premise: How many lines does the Melbourne rail network have?

Hypothesis: The city has rail connections with regional Victorian cities, as well as direct interstate rail services to Sydney and Adelaide and beyond which depart from Melbourne's other major rail terminus, Southern Cross Station in Spencer Street.


Premise: What does the China Seismic Intensity Scale call the earthquake?

Hypothesis: The map of earthquake intensity published by CEA after surveying 500,000 km2 of the affected area shows a maximum liedu of XI on the China Seismic Intensity Scale (CSIS), described as "very destructive" on the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) from which CSIS drew reference.


Premise: When was the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre?

Hypothesis: Atrocity and outrage became the defining characteristics of the time, illustrated at their most intense in the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre of August 1572, when the Roman Catholic party annihilated between 30,000 and 100,000 Huguenots across France.


Premise: In the United States, how many murders are there for each execution?

Hypothesis: However, 32 of the 50 states still execute people.


Premise: There was a need to separate what from the terrain of the Ottoman Empire?

Hypothesis: " They undoubtedly saw a need to separate the Biblical lands from the terrain of the Ottoman Empire.


Premise: What industries accounted for most of the city's job gains?

Hypothesis: Sectors with the largest number of jobs added were in education and health services, leisure and hospitality, and professional and business services.


Premise: What is the name of the system that automatically detects copyright violations?

Hypothesis: When a video is uploaded, it is checked against the database, and flags the video as a copyright violation if a match is found.


Premise: The M18 is a type of what kind of grenade?

Hypothesis: Soldiers are also equiped with various hand grenades, such as the M67 fragmentation grenade and M18 smoke grenade.


Premise: Aside from general advice what did the texts contain?

Hypothesis: Texts on architecture have been written since ancient time.


Premise: What does SCMS stand for?

Hypothesis: These consumer audio CD recorders use the Serial Copy Management System (SCMS), an early form of digital rights management (DRM), to conform to the United States' Audio Home Recording Act (AHRA).


Premise: I what year was the The Theological Declaration of Barmen document created?

Hypothesis: The Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) has adopted the Book of Confessions, which reflects the inclusion of other Reformed confessions in addition to the Westminster Standards.


Premise: In a tape drive, what is not needed if a torque motor is used?

Hypothesis: Driven from a higher voltage, (and so delivering a higher torque), the torque motors can also achieve fast-forward and rewind operation without requiring any additional mechanics such as gears or clutches.


Premise: What kind of geologic activity occurred during the Mesozoic?

Hypothesis: Overall, however, the Earth was hotter than it is today. Non-avian dinosaurs appeared in the Late Triassic and became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates early in the Jurassic, occupying this position for about 135 million years until their demise at the end of the Cretaceous.


Premise: Tito joined which unit in Omsk?

Hypothesis: Upon his return home, Broz found himself in the newly established Kingdom of Yugoslavia, where he joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ).


Premise: What did Popper think psychoanalytic theory shared more feature with than real science ?

Hypothesis: He thus came to the conclusion that psychoanalytic theories had more in common with primitive myths than with genuine science.


Premise: Who began the Protestant movement in Switzerland?

Hypothesis: A long-standing resentment between the German states and the Swiss Confederation led to heated debate over how much Zwingli owed his ideas to Lutheranism.


Premise: Who can veto Parliament?

Hypothesis: The Council interprets the constitution and may veto Parliament.


Premise: What park hosts Quarter horse racing?

Hypothesis: There are numerous golf courses and country clubs spread around the city.


Premise: The Slavs were under what name in the early 6th century?

Hypothesis: The Slavs under name of the Antes and the Sclaveni make their first appearance in Byzantine records in the early 6th century.


Premise: Who wrote the story of Crassus?

Hypothesis: Theaters have also been found: for example, in Ai-Khanoum on the edge of Bactria, the theater has 35 rows – larger than the theater in Babylon.


Premise: Who recognizes the utility of music, folkore and language?

Hypothesis: It is also the study of the history of various ethnic groups that may or may not exist today.


Premise: Where does a bill go after it is signed?

Hypothesis: The Statutes at Large present a chronological arrangement of the laws in the exact order that they have been enacted.


Premise: How much does the NES unit weigh in pounds?

Hypothesis: The unit itself weighs approximately 11.7 pounds without a TV.


Premise: Which ruling allowed indigenous Australians the right to vote?

Hypothesis: In 1958 the government replaced the Immigration Act's arbitrarily applied European language dictation test with an entry permit system, that reflected economic and skills criteria.


Premise: What song did Beyonce record for the film Epic?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé voiced Queen Tara in the 3D CGI animated film, Epic, released by 20th Century Fox on May 24, and recorded an original song for the film, "Rise Up", co-written with Sia.


Premise: How many towns have populations greater than 30,000?

Hypothesis: Today, all municipalities within districts are equal in law, whether they are towns or villages.


Premise: How many students regularly attend schools in NYC?

Hypothesis: The city's public school system includes nine specialized high schools to serve academically and artistically gifted students.


Premise: Where did Nigeria's 2012 GDP rank?

Hypothesis: Nigeria was ranked 30th in the world in terms of GDP (PPP) in 2012.


Premise: What agricultural crop was farmed in the rich soils on the outlying areas of Houston?

Hypothesis: The thick, rich, sometimes black, surface soil is suitable for rice farming in suburban outskirts where the city continues to grow.


Premise: When was the German Mediatisation?

Hypothesis: The coat of arms of this new state was simpler than they had been previously.


Premise: What was the term for the letter ƿ?

Hypothesis: Also used was the Tironian note ⟨⁊⟩ (a character similar to the digit 7) for the conjunction and, and a thorn with a crossbar through the ascender for the pronoun þæt.


Premise: In what period did Islamic armies conquer Syria?

Hypothesis: After his death, Islamic forces conquered much of the Eastern Empire and Persia, starting with Syria in 634–635 and reaching Egypt in 640–641, Persia between 637 and 642, North Africa in the later 7th century, and the Iberian Peninsula in 711.


Premise: Who provided incentives for Israelis to settle in the occupied West Bank?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, Begin's government provided incentives for Israelis to settle in the occupied West Bank, increasing friction with the Palestinians in that area.


Premise: What sits on top of the Main Building at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: Atop the Main Building's gold dome is a golden statue of the Virgin Mary.


Premise: How much did Barcelona pay to sign  David Villa?

Hypothesis: Rosell signed David Villa from Valencia for €40 million and Javier Mascherano from Liverpool for €19 million.


Premise: What is the nickname of Miami's NFL team?

Hypothesis: Miami's main four sports teams are the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League, the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association, the Miami Marlins of Major League Baseball, and the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League.


Premise: When did US Senate vote against treaty of versailles ratification?

Hypothesis: However, the Council began with only four permanent members—the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Japan—because the United States, meant to be the fifth permanent member, left because the US Senate voted on 19 March 1920 against the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles, thus preventing American participation in the League.


Premise: What caused the British East India Company to lose control of India?

Hypothesis: She wrote of "her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state "should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration".


Premise: what is the name of the natural reserve area

Hypothesis: The coastal area between Minehead and the eastern extreme of the administrative county's coastline at Brean Down is known as Bridgwater Bay, and is a National Nature Reserve.


Premise: What regions is Nigerian English commonly spoken in?

Hypothesis: Nigerian Pidgin English, often known simply as 'Pidgin' or 'Broken' (Broken English), is also a popular lingua franca, though with varying regional influences on dialect and slang.


Premise: Who was governor of Maryland in January 2015?

Hypothesis: While the bill repealing capital punishment in Connecticut was not retroactive, the Connecticut Supreme Court ruled in 2015 in State v. Santiago that the legislature's decision to prospectively abolish capital punishment rendered it an offense to "evolving standards of decency," thus commuting the sentences of the 11 men remaining on death row to life in prison without parole.


Premise: Some people consider physicalism to be synonymous with what?

Hypothesis: Materialism is closely related to physicalism, the view that all that exists is ultimately physical.


Premise: The College's restricted equity holdings would be considered a part of which portion of the portfolio?

Hypothesis: Unitised Scheme – a unit trust vehicle for College, Faculties and Departments to invest endowments and unfettered income to produce returns for the long term; (ii) Non-Core Property – a portfolio containing around 120 operational and developmental properties which College has determined are not core to the academic mission; and (iii) Strategic Asset Investments – containing College’s shareholding in Imperial Innovations and other restricted equity holdings.


Premise: What do jurisdictions sometimes change that mixes up DST dates and times?

Hypothesis: Computer software can often adjust clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of the dates and timings of DST may be confusing.


Premise: What did Hurricane Andrew cause Florida to do

Hypothesis: After the watershed events of Hurricane Andrew in 1992, the state of Florida began investing in economic development through the Office of Trade, Tourism, and Economic Development.


Premise: What is the typical diet consist of for qails ?

Hypothesis: It feeds on seeds, insects, and other small invertebrates.


Premise: Where did Eric Scott Raymond fly using a solar powered plane in 1990?

Hypothesis: In 1974, the unmanned AstroFlight Sunrise plane made the first solar flight.


Premise: What do groups in Mindelo challenge each other for?

Hypothesis: The celebration in SãoNicolau is more traditional, where established groups parade through the Ribeira Brava, gathering in the town square, although it has adopted drums, floats and costumes from Brazil.


Premise: What is the July average temp?

Hypothesis: The average window for freezing temperatures is November 6 thru April 2, allowing a growing season of 217 days.


Premise: What was the speed difference with new ENIAC?

Hypothesis: The electronics of the new ENIAC ran at one-sixth the speed, but this in no way degraded the ENIAC's performance, since it was still entirely I/O bound.


Premise: How many green products did GE bring to market via its Ecoimagination program as of October 2008?

Hypothesis: GE has said that it will invest $1.4 billion in clean technology research and development in 2008 as part of its Ecomagination initiative.


Premise: With what aspect ratio did Squeeze LDs operate?

Hypothesis: With the release of 16:9 televisions in the mid-1990s, Pioneer and Toshiba decided that it was time to take advantage of this aspect ratio.


Premise: What provides a degree of protection from interference with the USB signal?

Hypothesis: This enclosure design also provides a degree of protection from electromagnetic interference to the USB signal while it travels through the mated connector pair (the only location when the otherwise twisted data pair travels in parallel).


Premise: What type of birds specialise in hunting mammals or other birds?

Hypothesis: While some birds are generalists, others are highly specialised in their habitat or food requirements.


Premise: What did many people in Germany still want to do?

Hypothesis: Integrating the Austrians nevertheless remained a strong desire for many people of Germany and Austria, especially among the liberals, the social democrats and also the Catholics who were a minority within the Protestant Germany.


Premise: How much funding was blocked?

Hypothesis: Over the course of the Bush Administration, a total of $244 million in Congressionally approved funding was blocked by the Executive Branch.


Premise: Of what does the NTSB want to find a means of doing?

Hypothesis: and has conducted several research studies in order to find methods of combating fatigue in pilots.


Premise: What percent of household have children under 18?

Hypothesis: 22,716 households (48.4%) were made up of individuals and 5,551 (11.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.


Premise: What are two major sections of Freemasonry?

Hypothesis: Included in the list of over 70 Grand Lodges and Grand Orients are representatives of all three of the above categories, including mixed and women's organisations.


Premise: What is the tuition per academic year at Memorial University of Newfoundland?

Hypothesis: The Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland (MI) or simply Marine Institute, is a post-secondary ocean and marine polytechnic located in St. John's and is affiliated with Memorial University of Newfoundland.


Premise: When was the battle of Gettysburg?

Hypothesis: At the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863, the 26th North Carolina Regiment participated in Pickett/Pettigrew's Charge and advanced the farthest into the Northern lines of any Confederate regiment.


Premise: What was Dan DeCarlo's spooky but humorous comic aimed at kids called?

Hypothesis: Atlas, rather than innovate, took a proven route of following popular trends in television and movies—Westerns and war dramas prevailing for a time, drive-in movie monsters another time—and even other comic books, particularly the EC horror line.


Premise: What should you check storage spaces in your home for twice-yearly?

Hypothesis: Locations without DST can instead use the first days of spring and autumn as reminders.


Premise: How common are variations in text that alter the meaning of the Urtext of the Hebrew Bible?

Hypothesis: As far as the Hebrew Bible referenced by Old Testament is concerned, almost all of the textual variants are fairly insignificant and hardly affect any doctrine.


Premise: From what region of Italy did Florentine Tuscan derive?

Hypothesis: Dante's Florentine-Tuscan literary Italian thus became the language of the literate and upper class in Italy, and it spread throughout the peninsula as the lingua franca among the Italian educated class as well as Italian traveling merchants.


Premise: What Russian institutions were removed in the decade following Estonia's reclaim of independence?

Hypothesis: In the decade following the reconstitution of independence, large-scale emigration by ethnic Russians and the removal of the Russian military bases in 1994 caused the proportion of ethnic Estonians in Estonia to increase from 61% to 69% in 2006.


Premise: What was the sun's circulation per day in March 2014?

Hypothesis: It had an average daily circulation of 2.2 million copies in March 2014.


Premise: Where are narrative biblical scenes painted in the church at Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe?

Hypothesis: Romanesque art, especially metalwork, was at its most sophisticated in Mosan art, in which distinct artistic personalities including Nicholas of Verdun (d. 1205) become apparent, and an almost classical style is seen in works such as a font at Liège, contrasting with the writhing animals of the exactly contemporary Gloucester Candlestick.


Premise: Why did demonstrators attack Russian soldiers in Khujand?

Hypothesis: Further violence occurred in July 1916 when demonstrators attacked Russian soldiers in Khujand over the threat of forced conscription during World War I.


Premise: What is a word that could describe a lot of the Asian people who work or live in downtown Detroit?

Hypothesis: Many of those residents own small businesses or work in blue collar jobs, and the population in that area is mostly Muslim.


Premise: What year was Watchman completed?

Hypothesis: The Watchman manuscript was believed to have been lost until Lee's lawyer Tonja Carter discovered it; although this claim has been widely disputed.


Premise: What did children roll in a factory?

Hypothesis: In 1910, over 2 million children in the same age group were employed in the United States.


Premise: What was Darwin's original estimate for the amount of time his book would take to write?

Hypothesis: His estimate that writing his "big book" would take five years was optimistic.


Premise: How many days long is the growing season?

Hypothesis: The average window for freezing temperatures is November 20 to March 25, allowing a growing season of 239 days.


Premise: What does Chhauni Silkhana mean?

Hypothesis: It is the most important museum in the country, housing an extensive collection of weapons, art and antiquities of historic and cultural importance.


Premise: What Foundation wanted to aid Beijing?

Hypothesis: China stated it would gratefully accept international help to cope with the quake.


Premise: Which municipality is this in?

Hypothesis: The oldest attestation of human presence in Galicia has been found in the Eirós Cave, in the municipality of Triacastela, which has preserved animal remains and Neanderthal stone objects from the Middle Paleolithic.


Premise: How many Czechs spoke both Moravian and standard Czech as first languages in 2011?

Hypothesis: As of 2011, 62,908 Czech citizens spoke Moravian as their first language and 45,561 were diglossal (speaking Moravian and standard Czech as first languages).


Premise: What is created when the vocal folds are spread and do not vibrate?

Hypothesis: Voiceless consonants are produced with the vocal folds open (spread) and not vibrating, and voiced consonants are produced when the vocal folds are fractionally closed and vibrating (modal voice).


Premise: What company owns XHDTV-TV and XHAS-TV?

Hypothesis: As a whole, the Mexico side of the San Diego-Tijuana market has two duopolies and one triopoly (Entravision Communications owns both XHAS-TV and XHDTV-TV, Azteca owns XHJK-TV and XHTIT-TV, and Grupo Televisa owns XHUAA-TV and XHWT-TV along with being the license holder for XETV-TV, which is run by California-based subsidiary Bay City Television).


Premise: Who was injured during Everton's record attendance match against Liverpool in 1948?

Hypothesis: Amazingly, there was only 1 injury at this game-Tom Fleetwood was hit on the head by a coin thrown from the crowd whilst he marched around the perimeter with St Edward's Orphanage Band, playing the cornet.


Premise: What is the source of the theme song of Battlestar Galactica?

Hypothesis: The theme song of Battlestar Galactica 2004 is the Gayatri Mantra, taken from the Rigveda.


Premise: What Dominican Friar inugurated the conferences of Notre Dame of Paris?

Hypothesis: The conferences of Notre-Dame-de-Paris were inaugurated by Père Lacordaire.


Premise: When did Pan-Slavism develop as a movement?

Hypothesis: Pan-Slavism became compromised when the Russian Empire started to use it as an ideology justifying its territorial conquests in Central Europe as well as subjugation of other ethnic groups of Slavic origins such as Poles and Ukrainians, and the ideology became associated with Russian imperialism.


Premise: Who are both LDS and Non-LDS students required to provide an endorsement from upon submitting their application?

Hypothesis: Both LDS and Non-LDS students are required to provide an endorsement from an ecclesiastic leader with their application for admittance.


Premise: Why did Roncalli leave Venice?

Hypothesis: Following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October.


Premise: Rather than being carried by an athlete, how did the torch end its route in Paris?

Hypothesis: French judoka and torchbearer David Douillet expressed his annoyance at the Chinese flame attendants who extinguished the torch which he was about to hand over to Teddy Riner: "I understand they're afraid of everything, but this is just annoying.


Premise: What is the alternate name of Chuck Ford Park?

Hypothesis: It is the home of Santa Rita High School, Chuck Ford Park (Lakeside Park), Lakeside Lake, Lincoln Park (upper and lower), The Lakecrest Neighborhoods, and Pima Community College East Campus.


Premise: What division is used for a week-long recital of the Quran?

Hypothesis: The 30 juz' (plural ajzāʼ) can be used to read through the entire Quran in a month.


Premise: What book did Ibn al-Haytham write?

Hypothesis: Some have also described Ibn al-Haytham as the "first scientist" for his development of the modern scientific method.


Premise: Who was in charge of the ship named Florida?

Hypothesis: On October 1, he found another group of islands where he went ashore for eight days, exchanged gifts with the local inhabitants and took on water.


Premise: What does the SCRA require?

Hypothesis: There are reports that registration on the local level is sometimes difficult to obtain.


Premise: How many seasons were the CityHawks in New York?

Hypothesis: There are a number of franchises which existed in the form of a number of largely-unrelated teams under numerous management groups until they folded (an example is the New York CityHawks whose owners transferred the team from New York to Hartford to become the New England Sea Wolves after two seasons, then after another two seasons were sold and became the Toronto Phantoms, who lasted another two seasons until folding).


Premise: What does Zhejiang consist mostly of?

Hypothesis: Zhejiang consists mostly of hills, which account for about 70% of its total area.


Premise: What has happened when other countries condemned Armenian genocide?

Hypothesis: Passage of legislation in various foreign countries condemning the persecution of the Armenians as genocide has often provoked diplomatic conflict.


Premise: How many movements are symphonies written in the Classical period usually divided into?

Hypothesis: Longer works are often divided into self-contained pieces, called movements, often with contrasting characters or moods.


Premise: What are the thermochemical cycyles in a testing phase for?

Hypothesis: ) oxide cycle, zinc zinc-oxide cycle, sulfur-iodine cycle, copper-chlorine cycle and hybrid sulfur cycle are under research and in testing phase to produce hydrogen and oxygen from water and heat without using electricity.


Premise: Where is Glatz

Hypothesis: Despite this, the Austrians, under the command of General Laudon, captured Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) in Silesia.


Premise: What was Irina Margareta Nistor's job in Romania?

Hypothesis: Romanian-born documentary maker Ilinca Calugareanu wrote a New York Times article telling the story of Irina Margareta Nistor, a narrator for state TV under Nicolae Ceauşescu's regime.


Premise: What is a Polistes versicolor?

Hypothesis: There is a pronounced tendency for there to be a trade-off between visual acuity and chemical or tactile acuity, such that most insects with well-developed eyes have reduced or simple antennae, and vice versa.


Premise: How does the cost of attending BYU compare to the cost of attending similar universities?

Hypothesis: Students attending BYU are required to follow an honor code, which mandates behavior in line with LDS teachings such as academic honesty, adherence to dress and grooming standards, and abstinence from extramarital sex and from the consumption of drugs and alcohol.


Premise: In the modern day, what broad religious group is most known to implement a cappella?

Hypothesis: Certain high church services and other musical events in liturgical churches (such as the Roman Catholic Mass and the Lutheran Divine Service) may be a cappella, a practice remaining from apostolic times.


Premise: What are examples of Ibero-Romance languages?

Hypothesis: Catalan shares many traits with the other neighboring Romance languages (Italian, Sardinian, Occitan, and Spanish).


Premise: Tamudic schools are known as what?

Hypothesis: In practice, the emphasis on strictness has resulted in the rise of "homogeneous enclaves" with other haredi Jews that are less likely to be threatened by assimilation and intermarriage, or even to interact with other Jews who do not share their doctrines.


Premise: Who asked Burke for more "very refreshing mental food"?

Hypothesis: Burke said Rousseau "entertained no principle either to influence of his heart, or to guide his understanding—but vanity"—which he "was possessed to a degree little short of madness".


Premise: Which species of seabirds are more likely to migrate?

Hypothesis: In contrast, among (pelagic) seabirds, species of the Southern Hemisphere are more likely to migrate.


Premise: Other than the Nouveau Jardin, what is the other popular part of The Great Garden?

Hypothesis: The Great Garden consists of several parts.


Premise: People with dogs do what more than people who have cats or no pets?

Hypothesis: In addition, people with pet dogs took considerably more physical exercise than those with cats and those without pets.


Premise: What was the primary focus of Bush's campaign?

Hypothesis: " This strategy was designed to convey to American voters the idea that Bush could be trusted to be tough on terrorism while Kerry would be "uncertain in the face of danger.


Premise: When does 'The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara' take place?

Hypothesis: The book follows the true story of a young Jewish boy in 1858 Italy who was secretly baptized by a family servant and then kidnapped from his family by the Papal States, where he was raised and trained as a priest, causing international outrage and becoming a media sensation.


Premise: What did Eritrea do when it was accused of planting bombs at the African Union summit?

Hypothesis: In 2011, Ethiopia accused Eritrea of planting bombs at an African Union summit in Addis Ababa, which was later supported by a UN report.


Premise: When was the Taj Mahal constructed?

Hypothesis: Its usage spans centuries, first appearing in 691 with the construction of the Dome of the Rock mosque, and recurring even up until the 17th century with the Taj Mahal.


Premise: What problems lead to a suggesting to relocate the population?

Hypothesis: Ecological problems, including deforestation, soil erosion, vermin and drought, led Governor Isaac Pyke to suggest in 1715 that the population be moved to Mauritius, but this was not acted upon and the company continued to subsidise the community because of the island's strategic location.


Premise: What does the smallness of the Planck constant show?

Hypothesis: An amount of light compatible with everyday experience is the energy of one mole of photons; its energy can be computed by multiplying the photon energy by the Avogadro constant, NA ≈ 7023602200000000000♠6.022×1023 mol−1.


Premise: Dog fat in some parts of Poland is thought to have what?

Hypothesis: In some places, however, such as in rural areas of Poland, dog fat is believed to have medicinal properties—being good for the lungs for instance.


Premise: What does slahta mean?

Hypothesis: The term szlachta is derived from the Old High German word slahta (modern German Geschlecht), which means "(noble) family", much as many other Polish words pertaining to the nobility derive from German words—e.g.


Premise: How many citizens were origionally in Cork?

Hypothesis: The then mayor of Cork and several important citizens went with Warbeck to England but when the rebellion collapsed they were all captured and executed.


Premise: What was built near Morovic for Tito to use in the event of his recovery?

Hypothesis: Based on the number of attending politicians and state delegations, at the time it was the largest state funeral in history; this concentration of dignitaries would be unmatched until the funeral of Pope John Paul II in 2005 and the memorial service of Nelson Mandela in 2013.


Premise: Which war had the most U.S. casualties associated with it?

Hypothesis: After most slave states, located in the southern U.S., formed the Confederate States, C.S. troops led by former U.S. Army officers, mobilized a very large fraction of Southern white manpower.


Premise: How many murders occurred in 2013?

Hypothesis: And in 2014, there were 248 homicides, up by one since 2013.


Premise: What was the goal of this operation?

Hypothesis: Throughout the conflict however, the U.S. maintained it was playing a supporting role only and was following the UN mandate to protect civilians, while the real conflict was between Gaddafi's loyalists and Libyan rebels fighting to depose him.


Premise: How may records were commonly found in an album?

Hypothesis: When the 12-inch vinyl LP era began in 1949, the single record often had the same or similar number of tunes as a typical album of 78s, and was still often referred to as an "album".


Premise: What type of science are making a calendar and finding cures for diseases a part of?

Hypothesis: In Classical Antiquity, the inquiry into the workings of the universe took place both in investigations aimed at such practical goals as establishing a reliable calendar or determining how to cure a variety of illnesses and in those abstract investigations known as natural philosophy.


Premise: What private estate did Victoria aquire with Albert in 1847?

Hypothesis: She agreed to visit the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at Kensington and take a drive through London in an open carriage.


Premise: Whos is the late Mayor of Boston?

Hypothesis: The ultimate goal of this initiative is to enlist 500 Bostonians to participate in a free, in-home energy assessment.


Premise: The elevator located at the Casco Viejo station in the Bilbao Metro is also used for what?

Hypothesis: At Casco Viejo station in the Bilbao Metro, the elevator that provides access to the station from a hilltop neighborhood doubles as city transportation: the station's ticket barriers are set up in such a way that passengers can pay to reach the elevator from the entrance in the lower city, or vice versa.


Premise: Which province is Zhejiang bordered by to the west?

Hypothesis: Zhejiang is bordered by Jiangsu province and Shanghai municipality to the north, Anhui province to the northwest, Jiangxi province to the west, and Fujian province to the south; to the east is the East China Sea, beyond which lie the Ryukyu Islands of Japan.


Premise: In what year was the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation founded?

Hypothesis: HHC was created in 1969 by the New York State Legislature as a public benefit corporation (Chapter 1016 of the Laws 1969).


Premise: Why the commuter lines built to different standards can cause be complicated?

Hypothesis: Many lines have come to be overlaid with multiple electrification standards for different trains to avoid having to replace the existing rolling stock on those lines.


Premise: What award did Rubinstein win in 1984 for his contributions?

Hypothesis: As well, Mr. Rubinstein was honored in 1984 by his alma mater, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, for his innovations in the technology of printed electronic circuits and the fabrication of capacitors.


Premise: The remains of an ancient bridge found on the shore of the River Thames was dated back to what archaeological period?

Hypothesis: In 1999, the remains of a Bronze Age bridge were found on the foreshore north of Vauxhall Bridge.


Premise: Where do the terms "Middle Ages" and "Modern Ages" originate from?

Hypothesis: to distinguish the time between what we call Middle Ages and time of the late Enlightenment (1800) (when the meaning of the term Modern Ages was developing its contemporary form).


Premise: How did military families gain prestige?

Hypothesis: These military families gained prestige from connections to the imperial court and court-granted military titles and access to manpower.


Premise: What do anitibiotics mostly target?

Hypothesis: Further categorization is based on their target specificity.


Premise: Low insect sounds can be heard through what?

Hypothesis: These low sounds are simply the sounds made by the insect's movement.


Premise: Who convinced Paley to buy ARC?

Hypothesis: RCA Victor Records executive Ted Wallerstein convinced CBS head William S. Paley to buy ARC and Paley made Wallerstein head of the newly acquired record company.


Premise: How long is the NU-Q branch of Northwestern scheduled to operate through an agreement in 2016?

Hypothesis: The Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development provided funding for construction and administrative costs as well as support to hire 50 to 60 faculty and staff, some of whom rotate between the Evanston and Qatar campuses.


Premise: Which species in Java face extinction?

Hypothesis: Even so, such species as the Javan rhinoceros face extinction, with only a handful of the animals remaining in western Java.


Premise: What is the Bourbon Restoration?

Hypothesis: The ensuing period is called the Restoration, following French usage, and is characterized by a sharp conservative reaction and the re-establishment of the Roman Catholic Church as a power in French politics.


Premise: What years are termed the Baroque period?

Hypothesis: While a similar term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 (the Classical period), this article is about the broad span of time from roughly the 11th century to the present day, which includes the Classical period and various other periods.


Premise: When was KU's engineering school established?

Hypothesis: The School of Engineering was officially founded in 1891, although engineering degrees were awarded as early as 1873.


Premise: From what Old English dialect did Scots derive?

Hypothesis: It was once claimed that, owing to its position at the heart of the Kingdom of Wessex, the relics of Anglo-Saxon accent, idiom and vocabulary were best preserved in the dialect of Somerset.


Premise: What is given to the host cell?

Hypothesis: During mutualistic symbioses, the host cell lacks some of the nutrients, which are provided by the endosymbiont.


Premise: What was the stage name of Larry Heard?

Hypothesis: Larry Heard, a.k.a. "Mr. Fingers", claims that the term "house" became popular due to many of the early DJs creating music in their own homes using synthesizers and drum machines such as the Roland TR-808, TR-909, and the TB 303.[citation needed]


Premise: A Maavanem holds what position in Estonia?

Hypothesis: Governors are appointed by the Government of Estonia for a term of five years.


Premise: In what year did Greece rejoin NATO?

Hypothesis: Traditionally strained relations with neighbouring Turkey improved when successive earthquakes hit both nations in 1999, leading to the lifting of the Greek veto against Turkey's bid for EU membership.


Premise: What was the first federal law that regulated wildlife commerce?

Hypothesis: The Lacey Act of 1900 was the first federal law that regulated commercial animal markets.


Premise: Who was president of the Miners' union?

Hypothesis: On 23 May 1984, The Sun prepared a front page with the headline "Mine Führer" and a photograph of Scargill with his arm in the air, a pose which made him look as though he was giving a Nazi salute.


Premise: What area of Southampton did Mitchell hail from?

Hypothesis: World War II hit Southampton particularly hard because of its strategic importance as a major commercial port and industrial area.


Premise: Slow wave sleep is also known as what?

Hypothesis: Until the 1950s it was generally believed that the brain essentially shuts off during sleep, but this is now known to be far from true; activity continues, but patterns become very different.


Premise: Treaties between indigenous peoples and what other groups formed an important part of political discourse in the late 20th and early 21st century?

Hypothesis: Such treaties between colonizers and indigenous peoples are an important part of political discourse in the late 20th and early 21st century, the treaties being discussed have international standing as has been stated in a treaty study by the UN.


Premise: When was Mavericks introduced?

Hypothesis: Apple introduced Mavericks at WWDC 2013 in June, and released it on October 15 of that year.


Premise: In what stage of processing does knot primer need to be applied for maximum effectiveness?

Hypothesis: In some decorative applications, wood with knots may be desirable to add visual interest.


Premise: How many works of a cappella in musical theater have been successful in Off-Broadway productions?

Hypothesis: The musical style of the show's score was primarily Doo-Wop as the plot revolved around Doo-Wop group singers of the 1960s.


Premise: Where did Popper establish a university department for the philosophy of science in 1946?

Hypothesis: Popper played a vital role in establishing the philosophy of science as a vigorous, autonomous discipline within philosophy, through his own prolific and influential works, and also through his influence on his own contemporaries and students.


Premise: When does Raleigh experience hurricanes?

Hypothesis: During the late summer and early fall, Raleigh can experience hurricanes.


Premise: What Era began following the defeat of the confederacy?

Hypothesis: Republicans were elected to the governorship until 1876, when the Red Shirts, a paramilitary organization that arose in 1874 and was allied with the Democratic Party, helped suppress black voting.


Premise: When did Tongzhi Emperor die?

Hypothesis: She, the Empress Dowager Ci'an (who had been Xianfeng's empress), and Prince Gong (a son of the Daoguang Emperor), staged a coup that ousted several regents for the boy emperor.


Premise: Einstein and what other two individuals revisited the black-body problem in 1905?

Hypothesis: The black-body problem was revisited in 1905, when Rayleigh and Jeans (on the one hand) and Einstein (on the other hand) independently proved that classical electromagnetism could never account for the observed spectrum.


Premise: What is it called when pesticides are caught in the wind and carried to unintended areas?

Hypothesis: Pesticides are one of the causes of water pollution, and some pesticides are persistent organic pollutants and contribute to soil contamination.


Premise: What do most eukaryotic open reading frames contain?

Hypothesis: The sequences at the ends of the introns, dictate the splice sites to generate the final mature mRNA which encodes the protein or RNA product.


Premise: What aided in records sales in the 1950s?

Hypothesis: The complete technical disclosure of the Columbia LP by Peter C. Goldmark, Rene' Snepvangers and William S. Bachman in 1949 made it possible for a great variety of record companies to get into the business of making long playing records.


Premise: Where do Jem, Scout, and Dill observe the trial of Tom Robinson?

Hypothesis: Atticus does not want Jem and Scout to be present at Tom Robinson's trial.


Premise: In what year did the Tito-Stalin split occur?

Hypothesis: After the Tito–Stalin split of 1948 and his inauguration as president in 1953, Tito rarely wore his uniform except when present in a military function, and then (with rare exception) only wore his Yugoslav ribbons for obvious practical reasons.


Premise: The ideals of Hellenistic art are sensuality and what?

Hypothesis: Hellenistic art saw a turn from the idealistic, perfected, calm and composed figures of classical Greek art to a style dominated by realism and the depiction of emotion (pathos) and character (ethos).


Premise: What year introduced the free substitution rule?

Hypothesis: There were also several rule changes in this period.


Premise: When will work being on the follow-up to Spectre?

Hypothesis: Christoph Waltz has signed on for two more films in the series, but his return depends on whether or not Craig will again portray Bond.


Premise: What analogies did Feynman use to teach Carl?

Hypothesis: He was surprised to learn that the same teaching devices were not useful with Michelle.


Premise: What school does John Mogk teach at?

Hypothesis: "Milliken was perhaps the greatest missed opportunity of that period," said Myron Orfield, professor of law at the University of Minnesota.


Premise: Around when were the first opaque glazes developed?

Hypothesis: Between the 8th and 18th centuries, the use of glazed ceramics was prevalent in Islamic art, usually assuming the form of elaborate pottery.


Premise: Whan was NCAZ founded?

Hypothesis: Berlin starts National Cyber Defense Initiative: On June 16, 2011, the German Minister for Home Affairs, officially opened the new German NCAZ (National Center for Cyber Defense)


Premise: What colony was placed under martial law?

Hypothesis: He drove the British out of Boston but in late summer 1776 they returned to New York and nearly captured Washington's army.


Premise: Work and school holidays are determined by what?

Hypothesis: Israel is the only country in the world where life revolves around the Hebrew calendar.


Premise: what famous speech did Patrick Henry give in Richmond?

Hypothesis: During the American Civil War, Richmond served as the capital of the Confederate States of America.


Premise: What award did the Tucson Festival of Books give to R. L. Stine?

Hypothesis: Since 2009, the Tucson Festival of Books has been held annually over a two-day period in March at the University of Arizona.


Premise: Who was the hospital's patroness?

Hypothesis: King Philip IV of Spain and the Duke of Arcos suggested the building of the new chapel, and in 1647 the Viceroy, Conde de Oropesa, who had been preserved from the bubonic plague, insisted on carrying out their project.


Premise: How is assent granted under the Royal Assent Act 1967?

Hypothesis: Thus, unlike the granting of royal assent by the monarch in person or by Royal Commissioners, the method created by the Royal Assent Act 1967 does not require both houses to meet jointly for the purpose of receiving the notice of royal assent.


Premise: What was the solution for the return current problem in Paris Metro?

Hypothesis: Since the tyres do not conduct the return current, the two guide rails provided outside the running 'roadways' double up as conductor rails, so at least electrically it is a four-rail scheme.


Premise: What Act did Congress pass to outlaw non-consensual phone tapping?

Hypothesis: After Prohibition's repeal, Congress passed the Communications Act of 1934, which outlawed non-consensual phone tapping, but allowed bugging.


Premise: Along with the British, who occupied Libya at the end of the Second World War?

Hypothesis: From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops.


Premise: What is the Zhejiang Communist Party of China (CPC) Provincial Committee Secretary provincially known as?

Hypothesis: However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor is subordinate to the Zhejiang Communist Party of China (CPC) Provincial Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Zhejiang CPC Party Chief".


Premise: What dynasty ruled Egypt in this period?

Hypothesis: The defeat of Muslim forces at the Battle of Poitiers in 732 led to the reconquest of southern France by the Franks, but the main reason for the halt of Islamic growth in Europe was the overthrow of the Umayyad dynasty and its replacement by the Abbasid dynasty.


Premise: Which of Calatrava's creations contains an IMAX theater?

Hypothesis: architect Santiago Calatrava produced the futuristic City of Arts and Sciences (Ciutat de les Arts


Premise: What was the term used to describe supervisors of estates?

Hypothesis: With Yoritomo firmly established, the bakufu system that would govern Japan for the next seven centuries was in place.


Premise: In 1874 the telegraph was known as the what of commerce?

Hypothesis: When Bell mentioned to Gardiner Hubbard and Thomas Sanders that he was working on a method of sending multiple tones on a telegraph wire using a multi-reed device, the two wealthy patrons began to financially support Bell's experiments.


Premise: What stopped the planned siege at St. Malo?

Hypothesis: The troops were reembarked and moved to the Bay of St. Lunaire in Brittany where, on 3 September, they were landed to operate against St. Malo; however, this action proved impractical.


Premise: What was the title of Hyder Ali?

Hypothesis: In 1769 Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Nizams.


Premise: What is the name of the section that features columns touching on subjects such as celebrities, fashion and beauty, food and drink, homes and garden or simply writers' anecdotes?

Hypothesis: The Times Magazine features columns touching on various subjects such as celebrities, fashion and beauty, food and drink, homes and gardens or simply writers' anecdotes.


Premise: What became the main source of law with increasing Islamic influence in Egypt?

Hypothesis: Under Anwar Sadat, Islam became the official state religion and Sharia the main source of law.


Premise: The journey for answers to polynomial equations of degree higher than 4 was the original motivation for what theory?

Hypothesis: The 19th-century French mathematician Évariste Galois, extending prior work of Paolo Ruffini and Joseph-Louis Lagrange, gave a criterion for the solvability of a particular polynomial equation in terms of the symmetry group of its roots (solutions).


Premise: What publication originally reported a potential deal between Comcast and Time Warner?

Hypothesis: On February 13, it was reported that Time Warner Cable agreed to the acquisition.


Premise: Where is the Art Institute of Charleston located?

Hypothesis: Charleston is also the location for the only college in the country that offers bachelor's degrees in the building arts, The American College of the Building Arts.


Premise: Who prevented the Almohads from entering Valencia?

Hypothesis: The city remained in the hands of Christian troops until 1102, when the Almoravids retook the city and restored the Muslim religion.


Premise: What year in the 1990s did an unusual blizzard visit Tennessee?

Hypothesis: While the state is far enough from the coast to avoid any direct impact from a hurricane, the location of the state makes it likely to be impacted from the remnants of tropical cyclones which weaken over land and can cause significant rainfall, such as Tropical Storm Chris in 1982 and Hurricane Opal in 1995.


Premise: What is the legislative branch called?

Hypothesis: The city uses the strong-mayor version of the mayor-council form of government, which is headed by one mayor, in whom executive authority is vested.


Premise: Who was the first to liquidize hydrogen?

Hypothesis: Hydrogen was liquefied for the first time by James Dewar in 1898 by using regenerative cooling and his invention, the vacuum flask.


Premise: When was the first Papal prounouncement against Freemasonry made?

Hypothesis: A number of Papal pronouncements have been issued against Freemasonry.


Premise: What has been maintained by the Greeks throughout their extended history ?

Hypothesis: Greeks have a long tradition of valuing and investing in paideia (education).


Premise: What was Gaddafi's first position in government?

Hypothesis: Becoming Chairman of the governing Revolutionary Command Council (RCC), Gaddafi abolished the monarchy and proclaimed the Republic.


Premise: Napoleon was elected Emperor of the French by more than what percentage of voters?

Hypothesis: Launching yet another referendum, Napoleon was elected as Emperor of the French by a tally exceeding 99%.


Premise: What plant did Mendel use to demonstrate inheritance?

Hypothesis: Gregor Mendel discovered the genetic laws of inheritance by studying inherited traits such as shape in Pisum sativum (peas).


Premise: What other Apple product was unveiled on September 12, 2012?

Hypothesis: Apple Lightning cables have pins on both sides of the plug so it can be inserted with either side facing up.


Premise: What were the findings of the OSCE team?

Hypothesis: It was the first time the OSCE had sent observers to a U.S. presidential election, although they had been invited in the past.


Premise: What entity oversees both Hampstead Heath of North London and Epping Forest?

Hypothesis: Both are controlled by the City of London Corporation.


Premise: In which year did Popper write Hayek a letter expressing his intellectual debt to him?

Hypothesis: In a letter to Hayek in 1944, Popper stated, "I think I have learnt more from you than from any other living thinker, except perhaps Alfred Tarski."


Premise: What was the namee of the plan where Ozawa's force would lure the U.S. 3rd Fleet away from Leyte?

Hypothesis: Sho-1 called for V. Adm. Jisaburo Ozawa's force to use an apparently vulnerable carrier force to lure the U.S. 3rd Fleet away from Leyte and remove air cover from the Allied landing forces, which would then be attacked from the west by three Japanese forces: V. Adm. Takeo Kurita's force would enter Leyte Gulf and attack the landing forces; R. Adm. Shoji Nishimura's force and V. Adm. Kiyohide Shima's force would act as mobile strike forces.


Premise: During what era was the Hanumandhoka Palace constructed?

Hypothesis: The Hanumandhoka Palace, a lavish medieval palace complex in the Durbar, contains three separate museums of historic importance.


Premise: What percent of the Bronx is Cuban?

Hypothesis: At the 2010 Census, 53.5% of Bronx's population was of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (they may be of any race).


Premise: How many institutes of technology are there in Germany?

Hypothesis: Saxony and Lower Saxony have the highest counts of TUs, while in Saxony three out of four universities are universities of technology.


Premise: In what densely populated area is it spoken?

Hypothesis: Central Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language and has the highest number of speakers.


Premise: Who is the main character of the book?

Hypothesis: It focuses on six-year-old Jean Louise Finch (Scout), who lives with her older brother, Jem, and their widowed father, Atticus, a middle-aged lawyer.


Premise: On which anniversary of his Humanae Vitae did Paul VI reconfirm the beliefs set forth by the Humanae Vitae?

Hypothesis: On the tenth anniversary of Humanae vitae, he reconfirmed this teaching.


Premise: What is the association a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland typically grouped into?

Hypothesis: Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art.


Premise: What was the budget of the film Love Actually?

Hypothesis: Afterward, Universal Pictures acquired the United States distribution rights of several of StudioCanal's films, such as Mulholland Drive (which received an Oscar nomination) and Brotherhood of the Wolf (which became the second-highest-grossing French-language film in the United States since 1980).