Premise: What Roman construction material has continued to be a mystery to this day?

Hypothesis: The Roman concrete has remained a riddle, and even after more than 2,000 years some Roman structures still stand magnificently.


Premise: What did CDs retail for in 1995?

Hypothesis: In 1995, material costs were 30 cents for the jewel case and 10 to 15 cents for the CD.


Premise: When were full-length moved added to the iTunes store?

Hypothesis: Full-length movies became available on September 12, 2006.


Premise: What is the main element for aerobic photorophy?

Hypothesis: In both aerobic phototrophy and chemolithotrophy, oxygen is used as a terminal electron acceptor, whereas under anaerobic conditions inorganic compounds are used instead.


Premise: Precipitation hardening alloys are sometimes also?

Hypothesis: These intermetallic alloys appear homogeneous in crystal structure, but tend to behave heterogeneous, becoming hard and somewhat brittle.


Premise: Where is the Augmented Programme required for further education?

Hypothesis: This program is required for tertiary education programmes outside of Tuvalu and is available at the University of the South Pacific (USP) Extension Centre in Funafuti.


Premise: What were the key white hate groups targeted?

Hypothesis: FBI records show that 85% of COINTELPRO resources targeted groups and individuals that the FBI deemed "subversive", including communist and socialist organizations; organizations and individuals associated with the Civil Rights Movement, including Martin Luther King, Jr. and others associated with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the Congress of Racial Equality and other civil rights organizations; black nationalist groups; the American Indian Movement; a broad range of organizations labeled "New Left", including Students for a Democratic Society and the Weathermen; almost all groups protesting the Vietnam War, as well as individual student demonstrators with no group affiliation; the National Lawyers Guild; organizations and individuals associated with the women's rights movement; nationalist groups such as those seeking independence for Puerto Rico, United Ireland, and Cuban exile movements including Orlando Bosch's Cuban Power and the Cuban Nationalist Movement.


Premise: When did Sparks release her version of the song?

Hypothesis: This season also saw the launch of the American Idol Songwriter contest which allows fans to vote for the "coronation song".


Premise: What percentage of BYU students are members of the LDS Church?

Hypothesis: It is owned and operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), and, excluding online students, is the largest of any religious university and the third largest private university in the United States, with 29,672 on-campus students.


Premise: How does one determine ethnicity in Brazil?

Hypothesis: Between an individual of unmixed West African descent and a very light mulatto individual, more than a dozen racial categories were acknowledged, based on various combinations of hair color, hair texture, eye color, and skin color.


Premise: What countries do most of the South American immigrants come from?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, Mexico City is also home to large communities of expatriates and immigrants, most notably from the rest of North America (U.S. and Canada), from South America (mainly from Argentina and Colombia, but also from Brazil, Chile, Uruguay and Venezuela), from Central America and the Caribbean (mainly from Cuba, Guatemala, El Salvador, Haiti and Honduras); from Europe (mainly from Spain, Germany and Switzerland, but also from Czech Republic, Hungary, France, Italy, Ireland, the Netherlands, Poland and Romania), from the Middle East (mainly from Egypt, Lebanon and Syria); and recently from Asia-Pacific (mainly from China and South Korea).


Premise: In what year did Pope Sixtus V put a cap on the number of cardinals in the College of Cardinals?

Hypothesis: While the number of cardinals was small from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance, and frequently smaller than the number of recognized churches entitled to a cardinal priest, in the 16th century the College expanded markedly.


Premise: What is Seattle's ranking for same sex households as compared with the rest of the US?

Hypothesis: This was the second-highest proportion of any major U.S. city, behind San Francisco Greater Seattle also ranked second among major U.S. metropolitan areas, with 6.5% of the population identifying as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.


Premise: What did Elizabeth join in 1946?

Hypothesis: Home Secretary, Herbert Morrison supported the idea, but the King rejected it because he felt such a title belonged solely to the wife of a Prince of Wales and the Prince of Wales had always been the heir apparent.


Premise: What can the Western Han dynasty also be called?

Hypothesis: The period between the foundation of the Han dynasty and Wang Mang's reign is known as the Western Han dynasty (simplified Chinese: 西汉; traditional Chinese: 西漢; pinyin: Xī Hàn) or Former Han dynasty (simplified Chinese: 前汉; traditional Chinese: 前漢; pinyin: Qiánhàn) (206 BC – 9 AD).


Premise: Where did the Cubs easily win the first two games of the NLCS?

Hypothesis: In the NLCS, the Cubs easily won the first two games at Wrigley Field against the San Diego Padres.


Premise: What is Link's main weapon?

Hypothesis: It uses the basic control scheme introduced in Ocarina of Time, including context-sensitive action buttons and L-targeting (Z-targeting on the Wii), a system that allows the player to keep Link's view focused on an enemy or important object while moving and attacking.


Premise: The first road connected Atlantic City to which mainland town?

Hypothesis: Albany Avenue was the first road to the mainland that was available without a toll.


Premise: How amny FIFA World Player of the Year have members of FC Barcelona won?

Hypothesis: Barcelona's players have won a record number of Ballon d'Or awards (11), as well as a record number of FIFA World Player of the Year awards (7).


Premise: What did Deists and skeptics join together to fight for?

Hypothesis: Steven Waldman notes that; "The evangelicals provided the political muscle for the efforts of Madison and Jefferson, not merely because they wanted to block official churches but because they wanted to keep the spiritual and secular worlds apart."


Premise: During which time period did Virgil's reputation inspire legends associating him with magic and prophecy?

Hypothesis: As such, Virgil came to be seen on a similar level as the Hebrew prophets of the Bible as one who had heralded Christianity.


Premise: How many UEFA Super Cup wins does the Barcelona team have?

Hypothesis: In international club football, Barcelona has won five UEFA Champions League titles, a record four UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, a shared record five UEFA Super Cup, a record three Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and a record three FIFA Club World Cup trophies.


Premise: How long do members of the supreme court serve?

Hypothesis: Liberia's highest judicial authority is the Supreme Court, made up of five members and headed by the Chief Justice of Liberia.


Premise: When was the 50th anniversary of his death?

Hypothesis: The 50th anniversary of his death was celebrated on 3 June 2013 by Pope Francis, who visited his tomb and prayed there, then addressing the gathered crowd and spoke about the late pope.


Premise: When was the mandolin considered a fad?

Hypothesis: Travelling mandolin virtuosi like Giuseppe Pettine, Raffaele Calace and Silvio Ranieri contributed to the mandolin becoming a "fad" instrument in the early 20th century.


Premise: Carranza threatened war with what country in order to maintain credibility nationally?

Hypothesis: In April 1914 U.S. opposition to Huerta had reached its peak, blockading the regime's ability to resupply from abroad.


Premise: Where do thousands of early tombs still exist?

Hypothesis: Elaborate tombs were built for the dead.


Premise: What other leaders believed this?

Hypothesis: Arius was subsequently excommunicated by Alexander, and he would begin to elicit the support of many bishops who agreed with his position.


Premise: Tourism supports how many people in the County

Hypothesis: Attractions include the coastal towns, part of the Exmoor National Park, the West Somerset Railway (a heritage railway), and the museum of the Fleet Air Arm at RNAS Yeovilton.


Premise: What professions has the highest rate of Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction?

Hypothesis: The highest rates are among cyclists (up to 45%), swimmers, and cross-country skiers.


Premise: Which department's faculty can be associated with university hospitals?

Hypothesis: Technische Universitäten normally have faculties or departements of natural sciences and often of economics but can also have units of cultural and social sciences and arts.


Premise: What does SPAAG stand for?

Hypothesis: These may be deployed at regiment-level and consist of platoons of self-propelled anti-aircraft platforms, whether they are self-propelled anti-aircraft guns (SPAAGs), integrated air-defence systems like Tunguska or all-in-one surface-to-air missile platforms like Roland or SA-8 Gecko.


Premise: How are the Santa Monica per-capita crime rates calculated?

Hypothesis: However, the Santa Monica Police Department has suggested the actual per-capita crime rate is much lower, as tourists, workers, and beachgoers can increase the city's daytime population to between 250,000 and 450,000 people.


Premise: Who was working on the same type of large-scale application of printed circuits as the U.S. in Britain in the mid-1950s?

Hypothesis: Around 1943 the USA began to use the technology on a large scale to make proximity fuses for use in World War II.


Premise: What do most other systmes use the DEL to mean?

Hypothesis: Most other systems used BS for that meaning and used DEL to mean "remove the character at the cursor".[citation needed]


Premise: Are there any bridges located in London?

Hypothesis: London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory, Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT).


Premise: What was the name given to the slaughter of the Armenians between 1894-1896?

Hypothesis: When they began pushing for more rights within the Ottoman Empire, Sultan ‘Abdu’l-Hamid II, in response, organized state-sponsored massacres against the Armenians between 1894 and 1896, resulting in an estimated death toll of 80,000 to 300,000 people.


Premise: When were the Byzantine mosaics of the Hagia Sophia created?

Hypothesis: The 9th- and 10th-century mosaics of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople are truly classical Byzantine artworks.


Premise: Compared to the rates of cell division in eukaryotes, with what speed does binary fission occur?

Hypothesis: Eukaryotic cell division is a more complex process known as the cell cycle; DNA replication occurs during a phase of this cycle known as S phase, whereas the process of segregating chromosomes and splitting the cytoplasm occurs during M phase.:18.1


Premise: Critics don't like the foundations use of media why

Hypothesis: While some critics have feared the foundation for directing the conversation on education or pushing its point of view through news coverage, the foundation has said it lists all its grants publicly and does not enforce any rules for content among its grantees, who have editorial independence.


Premise: What was Chopin's full name?

Hypothesis: Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the solo piano.


Premise: Who provides the guests with these samples at the event?

Hypothesis: Visitors can sample food and drinks from Santa Monica restaurants.


Premise: What label did Kanye create following the success of his first album's release?

Hypothesis: During this period, West also founded GOOD Music, a record label and management company that would go on to house affiliate artists and producers, such as No I.D. and John Legend.


Premise: How long after the earthquake were aftershocks felt?

Hypothesis: Strong aftershocks, some exceeding magnitude 6, continued to hit the area even months after the main quake, causing new casualties and damage.


Premise: Which group of Quran copyists produced the most in-demand manuscripts?

Hypothesis: Since it would have been too costly for most Muslims to purchase a manuscript, copies of the Quran were held in mosques in order to make them accessible to people.


Premise: What institution has prosecuted groups that practice outside the official Church without permission?

Hypothesis: The Religious Technology Center has prosecuted breakaway groups that have practiced Scientology outside the official Church without authorization.


Premise: What is the east-west waterway near Nanjing?

Hypothesis: door of the east and west, throat of the south and north”.


Premise: What bacteria did he treat first?

Hypothesis: In 1910, Paul Ehrlich developed the first antibiotic, by changing dyes that selectively stained Treponema pallidum — the spirochaete that causes syphilis — into compounds that selectively killed the pathogen.


Premise: Who defeated Philip?

Hypothesis: The end of Antigonid Macedon came when Philip V's son, Perseus, was defeated and captured by the Romans in the Third Macedonian War (171–168 BCE).


Premise: What ruler decreed the change to the Gregorian calendar?

Hypothesis: Philip II of Spain decreed the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, which affected much of Roman Catholic Europe, as Philip was at the time ruler over Spain and Portugal as well as much of Italy.


Premise: Where are major touring acts hosted in the city?

Hypothesis: The Time Warner Cable Music Pavilion at Walnut Creek hosts major international touring acts.


Premise: How many Egyptians died in the battle for Port Said?

Hypothesis: It was at Port Said that Nasser saw a confrontation with the invading forces as being the strategic and psychological focal point of Egypt's defense.


Premise: How many months are in the Shamsi Hijri calendar?

Hypothesis: Each of the twelve months corresponds with a zodiac sign.


Premise: What kind of building holds incunabula's today?

Hypothesis: As one of the earliest centers of book-printing in Europe (see above: History), Strasbourg for a long time held a large number of incunabula—documents printed before 1500—in her library as one of her most precious heritages.


Premise: What type of surfaces can clothing protect from?

Hypothesis: Physically, clothing serves many purposes: it can serve as protection from the elements, and can enhance safety during hazardous activities such as hiking and cooking.


Premise: What transportation products does Punjab manufacture?

Hypothesis: Despite the lack of a coastline, Punjab is the most industrialised province of Pakistan; its manufacturing industries produce textiles, sports goods, heavy machinery, electrical appliances, surgical instruments, vehicles, auto parts, metals, sugar mill plants, aircraft, cement, agricultural machinery, bicycles and rickshaws, floor coverings, and processed foods.


Premise: Farm laborers traded titles to shoen holders in exchange for what?

Hypothesis: Those people who worked the land found it advantageous to transfer title to shōen holders in return for a share of the harvest.


Premise: Who first sold a million copies on CD?

Hypothesis: The first artist to sell a million copies on CD was Dire Straits, with their 1985 album Brothers in Arms.


Premise: What was de Beauvoir's career?

Hypothesis: As the city has matured, some of these have gained adornments, and many have been improved by landscaping, giving some observers a sense of "humanized" spaciousness.


Premise: Which 1980 movie contained song contributions from Queen?

Hypothesis: In the United States, "Bohemian Rhapsody" was re-released as a single in 1992 after appearing in the comedy film Wayne's World.


Premise: What is another program that allows officers to become commissioned in the USAF?

Hypothesis: (The term "line officer" derives from the concept of the line of battle and refers to an officer whose role falls somewhere within the "Line of the Air", meaning combat or combat-support operations within the scope of legitimate combatants as defined by the Geneva Conventions.)


Premise: Who created an office to study these effects?

Hypothesis: On 5 February 1987, the Minister of National Defence created an office to study the impact of employing men and women in combat units.


Premise: What revolutionary organization was led by Abdul Aziz Shalhi?

Hypothesis: Although claims have been made that they knew of Gaddafi's Free Officers Movement, they have since claimed ignorance, stating that they were monitoring Abdul Aziz Shalhi's Black Boots revolutionary group.


Premise: What countries surround the border that is opposite the southwest border of Burma?

Hypothesis: It is bounded by Laos and Thailand to the southeast.


Premise: The team which has the highest ranking in the Fair Play standings is guaranteed qualification for which qualifying round in the Europa League?

Hypothesis: Two Europa League places are reserved for the winners of each tournament; if the winner of either the FA Cup or League Cup qualifies for the Champions League, then that place will go to the next-best placed finisher in the Premier League.


Premise: What movie sci-fi franchise returned to Marvel in 2015?

Hypothesis: On January 3, 2014, fellow Disney subsidiary Lucasfilm Limited, LLC announced that as of 2015, Star Wars comics would once again be published by Marvel.


Premise: What area was Roman Tarraconensis language different from?

Hypothesis: There is evidence that, at least from the a.d.


Premise: Of what state was Toney Anaya governor?

Hypothesis: Previous post-Furman mass clemencies took place in 1986 in New Mexico, when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty.


Premise: On which border of Tibet is Mount Everest located?

Hypothesis: Tibet has some of the world's tallest mountains, with several of them making the top ten list.


Premise: Who was Allan Loren?

Hypothesis: In 1989, Jean-Louis Gassée had steadfastly refused to lower the profit margins on Mac computers, then there was a component shortage that rocked the exponentially-expanding PC industry that year, forcing Apple USA head Allan Loren to cut prices which dropped Apple's margins.


Premise: Who speculates that *slava derives from a reconstructed Proto-Indo-European *(s)lawos?

Hypothesis: Lozinski argues that the word *slava once had the meaning of worshipper, in this context meaning "practicer of a common Slavic religion," and from that evolved into an ethnonym.


Premise: In what year did the new government enter the Arab League?

Hypothesis: In addition to a nationalization program of industry and land, the new regime's foreign policy placed an emphasis on Somalia's traditional and religious links with the Arab world, eventually joining the Arab League (AL) in 1974.


Premise: How many tons of marble does Greece produce?

Hypothesis: Between 2005 and 2011, Greece has had the highest percentage increase in industrial output compared to 2005 levels out of all European Union members, with an increase of 6%.


Premise: In what year did Louis' Lunch begin serving fast food in New Haven?

Hypothesis: A second New Haven gastronomical claim to fame is Louis' Lunch, which is located in a small brick building on Crown Street and has been serving fast food since 1895.


Premise: The Galician coast is estimated to have about how many archipelagos, islets, and freestanding rocks?

Hypothesis: A 2007 inventory estimates that the Galician coast has 316 archipelagos, islets, and freestanding rocks.


Premise: How many base stations did China Mobile have suspended?

Hypothesis: China Mobile had more than 2,300 base stations suspended due to power disruption or severe telecommunication traffic congestion.


Premise: How many people did Wei Hong say were dead or missing?

Hypothesis: He stated that 200,000 homes had been rebuilt, and 685,000 were under reconstruction, but 1.94 million households were still without permanent shelter.


Premise: What year was the beginning of the transition from mandolino to mandolin?

Hypothesis: The export market for mandolins from Italy dried up around 1815, and when Carmine de Laurentiis wrote a mandolin method in 1874, the Music World magazine wrote that the mandolin was "out of date."


Premise: A colonist far from the Mediterranean and low in social rank would be more likely to do what?

Hypothesis: The trends of Hellenization were therefore accompanied by Greeks adopting native ways over time, but this was widely varied by place and by social class.


Premise: When did the modern usage of prime minister come into being?

Hypothesis: Over time, the title became honorific and remains so in the 21st century.


Premise: What grants all indigenous languages spoken in Mexico validity?

Hypothesis: The law includes all indigenous languages of the Americas regardless of origin; that is, it includes the indigenous languages of ethnic groups non-native to the territory.


Premise: Which two seas have been most central to Greek history?

Hypothesis: Many of these regions coincided to a large extent with the borders of the Byzantine Empire of the late 11th century and the Eastern Mediterranean areas of ancient Greek colonization.


Premise: How much money did the Idol Gives Back event raise in 2007?

Hypothesis: No contestant was eliminated that week, but two (Phil Stacey and Chris Richardson) were eliminated the next.


Premise: What is a notable legal case involving open source and IBM?

Hypothesis: IBM's open source involvement has not been trouble-free, however (see SCO v. IBM).


Premise: What country did the King and Queen visit in July 1944?

Hypothesis: The King visited military forces abroad in France in December 1939, North Africa and Malta in June 1943, Normandy in June 1944, southern Italy in July 1944, and the Low Countries in October 1944.


Premise: What episode of South Park dealt with wrestling?

Hypothesis: The 2009 South Park episode "W.T.F." played on the soap operatic elements of professional wrestling.


Premise: What genre was 'True Love'?

Hypothesis: Bronx native Nancy Savoca's 1989 comedy, True Love, explores two Italian-American Bronx sweethearts in the days before their wedding.


Premise: What did James Madison referred to the new United States as?

Hypothesis: It was in this sense that James Madison in Federalist 39 had referred to the new United States as 'neither a national nor a federal Constitution, but a composition of both' (ie.


Premise: What does Link say when attacking?

Hypothesis: Link remains silent in conversation, but grunts when attacking or injured and gasps when surprised.


Premise: How many species of plants have been identified in the Alpine regions?

Hypothesis: Thirteen thousand species of plants have been identified in the Alpine regions.


Premise: When would white men marry the paler and thinner Hawaiian ladies?

Hypothesis: " By the last half of the 19th century, some Hawaiian women began marrying European men who found them exotic.


Premise: Where was a makeshift closing ceremony held for the torch relay in San Francisco?

Hypothesis: The torch run ended with a final stretch through San Francisco's Marina district and was then moved by bus to San Francisco International Airport for a makeshift closing ceremony at the terminal, from which the free media was excluded.


Premise: What type of rocket was first researched by the Air Force?

Hypothesis: In 1951, the Air Force began a new ICBM program called MX-1593, and by 1955 this program was receiving top-priority funding.


Premise: What investiture featuring Prince Charles was televised in the late 1960s?

Hypothesis: In the 1950s, as a young woman at the start of her reign, Elizabeth was depicted as a glamorous "fairytale Queen".


Premise: What did Mao's assistance allow North Korea to accelerate?

Hypothesis: Mao was concerned that the Americans would intervene but agreed to support the North Korean invasion.


Premise: What other parish besides St. John's Parish is  mostly an incorporated rural parish?

Hypothesis: The traditional parish system persisted until the Reconstruction Era, when counties were imposed.[citation needed]


Premise: What was the name of Pu Songling's collection of short stories?

Hypothesis: The art of the novel reached a pinnacle in Cao Xueqin's Dream of the Red Chamber, but its combination of social commentary and psychological insight were echoed in highly skilled novels such as Wu Jingzi's The Scholars (1750) and Li Ruzhen's Flowers in the Mirror (1827).


Premise: When did the US officially enter World War II?

Hypothesis: American involvement in World War II in 1940–41 was limited to providing war material and financial support to Britain, the Soviet Union, and the Republic of China.


Premise: When is it thought that early speakers of Sanskrit came to India?

Hypothesis: Evidence for such a theory includes the close relationship between the Indo-Iranian tongues and the Baltic and Slavic languages, vocabulary exchange with the non-Indo-European Uralic languages, and the nature of the attested Indo-European words for flora and fauna.


Premise: Who wrote the novel The Secret Life of Saeed the Pessoptimist?

Hypothesis: Emile Habibi, whose novel The Secret Life of Saeed the Pessoptimist, and other writings, won him the Israel prize for Arabic literature; and Mahmoud Darwish, considered by many to be "the Palestinian national poet.


Premise: What is one example of a state-managed autonomous research institution?

Hypothesis: The funding and management of this research system is mainly conducted under the authority of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (MCTES) itself and the MCTES's Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT).


Premise: Who was the Guinness record attributed to?

Hypothesis: After wrapping up in England, production travelled to Morocco in June, with filming taking place in Oujda, Tangier and Erfoud, after preliminary work was completed by the production's second unit.


Premise: How many students out of the 900 in the school, survived the collapse?

Hypothesis: In the city of Dujiangyan, south-east of the epicenter, a whole school collapsed with 900 students buried and fewer than 60 survived.


Premise: What happened to Powers in the Soviet Union?

Hypothesis: As a result, the Eisenhower Administration, thinking the pilot had died in the crash, authorized the release of a cover story claiming that the plane was a "weather research aircraft" which had unintentionally strayed into Soviet airspace after the pilot had radioed "difficulties with his oxygen equipment" while flying over Turkey.


Premise: What Proto-Indo-European word is hound from?

Hypothesis: The word "hound" is ultimately derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *kwon- "dog".


Premise: Without Whitehead's proposed purpose, life would be what?

Hypothesis: " If humans can only exist for about a hundred years, and rocks for eight hundred million, then one is forced to ask why complex organisms ever evolved in the first place; as Whitehead humorously notes, "they certainly did not appear because they were better at that game than the rocks around them."


Premise: What was his reasoning in helping make the atomic bomb?

Hypothesis: He felt the possibility of Nazi Germany developing the bomb before the Allies was a compelling reason to help with its development for the U.S.


Premise: How much money in trade does Australia's largest and busiest seaport handle?

Hypothesis: Melbourne houses the headquarters for many of Australia's largest corporations, including five of the ten largest in the country (based on revenue), and four of the largest six in the country (based on market capitalisation) (ANZ, BHP Billiton (the world's largest mining company), the National Australia Bank and Telstra), as well as such representative bodies and think tanks as the Business Council of Australia and the Australian Council of Trade Unions.


Premise: Who is building The Califoria Valley Solar Ranch?

Hypothesis: The 230 MW Antelope Valley Solar Ranch is a First Solar photovoltaic project which is under construction in the Antelope Valley area of the Western Mojave Desert, and due to be completed in 2013.


Premise: Where is the Lancashire Coalfield located?

Hypothesis: The Lancashire Coalfield, largely in modern-day Greater Manchester, extended into Merseyside and to Ormskirk, Chorley, Burnley and Colne in Lancashire.


Premise: What did the rebels overthrow during the rebellion

Hypothesis: After meetings beginning in June, rebels overcame the Spanish garrison at Baton Rouge (now in Louisiana), and unfurled the flag of the new republic: a single white star on a blue field.


Premise: What is another name for a laggar falcon?

Hypothesis: Short-toed eagles (Circaetus gallicus), tawny eagles (Aquila rapax), spotted eagles (Aquila clanga), laggar falcons (Falco jugger) and kestrels are the commonest of these.


Premise: What was used to determine the position of planets within the solar system?

Hypothesis: The level of achievement in Hellenistic astronomy and engineering is impressively shown by the Antikythera mechanism (150-100 BC), an analog computer for calculating the position of planets.


Premise: When did Milans del Bosch surrender?

Hypothesis: Despite this lack of support, Milans del Bosch only surrendered at 5 a.m. on the next day, 24 February.


Premise: What did Myanmar block after Cyclone Nargis?

Hypothesis: Rescue efforts performed by the Chinese government were praised by western media, especially in comparison with Myanmar's blockage of foreign aid during Cyclone Nargis, as well as China's previous performance during the 1976 Tangshan earthquake.


Premise: What was one of the festivals sanctioned by the church?

Hypothesis: While christian festivals such as corpus christi were church-sanctioned celebrations, Carnival was also a manifestation of European folk culture.


Premise: How does one determine ethnicity in Brazil?

Hypothesis: A Brazilian child was never automatically identified with the racial type of one or both of his or her parents, nor were there only two categories to choose from.


Premise: What name did de Peyster give the Tuvalu islands?

Hypothesis: Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an English Politician, Edward Ellice, the Member of Parliament for Coventry and the owner of the Rebecca's cargo.


Premise: What was Wright's method known as?

Hypothesis: It is often stated that the fixation index for humans is about 0.15.


Premise: What percentage of Valencia's workers are employed in industry?

Hypothesis: However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector.


Premise: About how many grants has the NHPRC awarded?

Hypothesis: The National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)—the agency's grant-making arm—awards funds to state and local governments, public and private archives, colleges and universities, and other nonprofit organizations to preserve and publish historical records.


Premise: What nicknames was Sultan 'Abdu'l-Hamid II given?

Hypothesis: When they began pushing for more rights within the Ottoman Empire, Sultan ‘Abdu’l-Hamid II, in response, organized state-sponsored massacres against the Armenians between 1894 and 1896, resulting in an estimated death toll of 80,000 to 300,000 people.


Premise: What 2 Gulf monarchies have pledged billions of dollars to help Egypt overcome recent economic difficulties?

Hypothesis: Gulf monarchies, including the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia, have pledged billions of dollars to help Egypt overcome its economic difficulties since the July 2013 coup.


Premise: Who did the Bronx vote against for mayor in 1997?

Hypothesis: The anti-war Socialist campaign of Morris Hillquit in the 1917 mayoral election won over 31% of the Bronx's vote, putting him second and well ahead of the 20% won by the incumbent pro-war Fusion Mayor John P. Mitchel, who came in second (ahead of Hillquit) everywhere else and outpolled Hillquit city-wide by 23.2% to 21.7%.


Premise: What two major cities are Inland Empire connected to via Interstate 15?

Hypothesis: With the automobile being the primary means of transportation for over 80 percent of its residents, San Diego is served by a network of freeways and highways.


Premise: What did the revelations about Bulger cause?

Hypothesis: The revelation caused great embarrassment to the FBI.


Premise: Why couldn't Petrovich persuade Austria to invade Prussia?

Hypothesis: Aleksey Petrovich, Graf (count) Bestuzhev-Ryumin, grand chancellor of Russia under Empress Elizabeth, was hostile to both France and Prussia, but he could not persuade Austrian statesman Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz to commit to offensive designs against Prussia so long as Prussia was able to rely on French support.


Premise: What has been part of the celebrations for many years?

Hypothesis: Carnival celebrations, usually referred to as Mardi Gras (Fat Tuesday in French), were first celebrated in the Gulf Coast area, but now occur in many states.


Premise: What deteriorated between India and China?

Hypothesis: The combined effect is a "rapid deterioration" of relations between India and China.


Premise: Who was an engineering professor at the University of Buenos Aires?

Hypothesis: The world's first commercial broadcast automation audio compression system was developed by Oscar Bonello, an engineering professor at the University of Buenos Aires.


Premise: When was the first Marvel-sponsored comics convention?

Hypothesis: Marvel held its own comic book convention, Marvelcon '75, in spring 1975, and promised a Marvelcon '76.


Premise: What is the coastal plains of Iran's annual precipitation ranges?

Hypothesis: The annual precipitation ranges from 135 to 355 mm (5.3 to 14.0 in).


Premise: Why were plant populations affected after wolves were eliminated from Yellowstone?

Hypothesis: The removal of wolves had a direct effect on beaver populations, as their habitat became territory for grazing.


Premise: How else to migrating birds navigate?

Hypothesis: Migrating birds navigate using celestial cues from the sun and stars, the earth's magnetic field, and probably also mental maps.


Premise: Which agreement was signed in 1954 by writers, linguists, and literary critics?

Hypothesis: In 1954, major Serbian and Croatian writers, linguists and literary critics, backed by Matica srpska and Matica hrvatska signed the Novi Sad Agreement, which in its first conclusion stated: "Serbs, Croats and Montenegrins share a single language with two equal variants that have developed around Zagreb (western) and Belgrade (eastern)".


Premise: What kind of metal has Queen been associated with?

Hypothesis: Queen composed music that drew inspiration from many different genres of music, often with a tongue-in-cheek attitude.


Premise: What kind of system is a dominant-party system?

Hypothesis: Tajikistan is officially a republic, and holds elections for the presidency and parliament, operating under a presidential system.


Premise: What University gave an iPod to first year students in 2004?

Hypothesis: Duke University provided iPods to all incoming freshmen in the fall of 2004, and the iPod program continues today with modifications.


Premise: What could no longer be associated with debt after laws were passed preventing it?

Hypothesis: Plebiscites of 342 BC placed limits on political offices; an individual could hold only one office at a time, and ten years must elapse between the end of his official term and his re-election.


Premise: Along with Electro and disco, what genre of music influenced Freestyle?

Hypothesis: Miami is also considered a "hot spot" for dance music, Freestyle, a style of dance music popular in the 80's and 90's heavily influenced by Electro, hip-hop, and disco.


Premise: At what age did schooling begin in Hungary?

Hypothesis: By the age of 8, von Neumann was familiar with differential and integral calculus, but he was particularly interested in history, reading his way through Wilhelm Oncken's Allgemeine Geschichte in Einzeldarstellungen.


Premise: What company used to make radios with additive boards in the mid-20th century?

Hypothesis: General Electric made consumer radio sets in the late 1960s using additive boards.


Premise: When was the earliest writing in Old East Slavonic?

Hypothesis: Written examples of Old East Slavonic are attested from the 10th century onwards.


Premise: Affirmative action does not only attempt to remove disadvantages, but also to ensure what about the number of people in a field?

Hypothesis: Further impetus is a desire to ensure public institutions, such as universities, hospitals, and police forces, are more representative of the populations they serve.


Premise: On what date was af2 regarded as disbanded?

Hypothesis: Following the suspension of the AFL's 2009 season, league officials and owners of af2 (which had played its season as scheduled) began discussing the future of arena football and the two leagues.


Premise: Which of Popper's works criticized the idea that history has an inexorable developmental path?

Hypothesis: Since the growth of human knowledge is a causal factor in the evolution of human history, and since "no society can predict, scientifically, its own future states of knowledge", it follows, he argued, that there can be no predictive science of human history.


Premise: When were the Southern and Northern Dynasties?

Hypothesis: The pronounced divergence between literary and colloquial pronunciations found in Hokkien dialects is attributed to the presence of several strata in the Min lexicon.


Premise: What measures might the user "ISO" setting correspond to?

Hypothesis: Despite these detailed standard definitions, cameras typically do not clearly indicate whether the user "ISO" setting refers to the noise-based speed, saturation-based speed, or the specified output sensitivity, or even some made-up number for marketing purposes.


Premise: What was formed as the new secret police?

Hypothesis: Draža Mihailović was found guilty of collaboration, high treason and war crimes and was subsequently executed by firing squad in July 1946.


Premise: What is the Tolderable Upper intake of zinc?

Hypothesis: However, harmful excessive supplementation is a problem among the relatively affluent, and should probably not exceed 20 mg/day in healthy people, although the U.S. National Research Council set a Tolerable Upper Intake of 40 mg/day.


Premise: Where was this Gospel said?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, the practice of saying it at the altar grew; eventually Pius V made this practice universal for the Roman Rite in his edition of the Missal (1570).


Premise: How does the Cambridge English Dictionary define "Culture" in short?

Hypothesis: Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is, "the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time."


Premise: How many generations of European Ancestors does Sandra Laing have?

Hypothesis: The officials' decisions based on her anomalous appearance disrupted her family and adult life.


Premise: Who talked Rupert Murdoch into buying American Idol for FOX?

Hypothesis: However, Rupert Murdoch, head of Fox's parent company, was persuaded to buy the show by his daughter Elisabeth, who was a fan of the British show.


Premise: What event marked the beginning of the Middle Ages?

Hypothesis: It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery.


Premise: What does Link transform into when he enters the Twilight Realm?

Hypothesis: When Link enters the Twilight Realm, the void that corrupts parts of Hyrule, he transforms into a wolf.[h]


Premise: A discussion regarding wing pairs is not supported by what community?

Hypothesis: Fleas are now thought to be closely related to boreid mecopterans.


Premise: What did the political parties request a brief stop in?

Hypothesis: UMP, Socialists, New Centre, Communists, Democratic Movement (centre) and Greens—jointly requested a pause in the National Assembly's session, which was granted, so that MPs could step outside and unfurl a banner which read "Respect for Human Rights in China".


Premise: What occupation were Daniel and his friends originally meant to have?

Hypothesis: Daniel and his friends received their diet for 10 days and were then compared to the king's men.


Premise: Who makes most of the decisions for an NPO?

Hypothesis: In some countries, where there is a token fee, in general it is used to meet legal requirements for establishing a contract between the executive and the organization.


Premise: What was the name of Shen Fu's memoir?

Hypothesis: Pu Songling brought the short story form to a new level in his Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, published in the mid-18th century, and Shen Fu demonstrated the charm of the informal memoir in Six Chapters of a Floating Life, written in the early 19th century but published only in 1877.


Premise: What was something used to minimize the impact of the soverign-debt crisis?

Hypothesis: Purchases of Italian bonds by the central bank, for example, were intended to dampen international speculation and strengthen portfolios in the private sector and also the central bank.


Premise: What precious metals and minerals have yet to be utilized in the Republic of the Congo?

Hypothesis: The country is a member of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA).


Premise: What does compiling components as Windows Runtime make possible?

Hypothesis: If written in some "high-level" languages, apps written for Windows Runtime can be compatible with both Intel and ARM versions of Windows, otherwise they are not binary code compatible.


Premise: In what year were the French defeated in Southern Germany by the Archduke Charles?

Hypothesis: French forces in Southern Germany had been defeated by the Archduke Charles in 1796, but the Archduke withdrew his forces to protect Vienna after learning about Napoleon's assault.


Premise: What can only Superintendent-ranked UK officers do?

Hypothesis: All police officers in the United Kingdom, whatever their actual rank, are 'constables' in terms of their legal position.


Premise: How much of Nigeria has HIV as of 2012?

Hypothesis: As of 2012[update], the HIV prevalence rate among adults ages 15–49 was just 3.1 percent.


Premise: How many tonnes of uranium was Australia expected to produce in 2009?

Hypothesis: The find was the largest of its kind, with industry experts estimating the deposits at over 25% of the world's then known uranium reserves of 800,000 tons.


Premise: What form of tax were Christians required to pay?

Hypothesis: Muhammad had stated explicitly during his lifetime that abrahamic religious groups (still a majority in times of the Umayyad Caliphate), should be allowed to practice their own religion, provided that they paid the jizya taxation.


Premise: How many households were in Oklahoma city?

Hypothesis: There were 230,233 households, 29.4% of which had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.4% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.4% were non-families.


Premise: Where is the Kuiper belt relative to Neptune?

Hypothesis: Much in the same way that Jupiter's gravity dominates the asteroid belt, shaping its structure, so Neptune's gravity dominates the Kuiper belt.


Premise: What have the trio of players , Messi, Suarez, and Neymar been called?

Hypothesis: Barcelona won the treble in the 2014–2015 season, winning La Liga, Copa del Rey and UEFA Champions League titles, and became the first European team to have won the treble twice.


Premise: What are common things like furniture and stationary objects actually made of?

Hypothesis: Equivalently, the smallness of the Planck constant reflects the fact that everyday objects and systems are made of a large number of particles.


Premise: What is Namibian's unemployment rate?

Hypothesis: This estimate considers people in the informal economy as employed.


Premise: Soldiers from which country were brought to the Congo?

Hypothesis: Massamba-Débat's regime also invited several hundred Cuban army troops into the country to train his party's militia units and these troops helped his government survive a coup in 1966 led by paratroopers loyal to future President Marien Ngouabi.


Premise: Why did many software developers choose not to redesign the Mac operating system and rewrite the programming code?

Hypothesis: This was a time-consuming task that many software developers chose not to undertake, and could be regarded as a reason for an initial lack of software for the new system.


Premise: Why can American tort law not be easily summarized?

Hypothesis: Thus, because of its immense size and diversity, American tort law cannot be easily summarized.


Premise: The Church of England's reforms put it in the middle of what two traditions?

Hypothesis: These reforms were understood by one of those most responsible for them, the then Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer, as navigating a middle way between two of the emerging Protestant traditions, namely Lutheranism and Calvinism.


Premise: What areas were the first places colonized by the Portuguese?

Hypothesis: The local African rulers in Guinea, some of whom prospered greatly from the slave trade, controlled the inland trade and did not allow the Europeans into the interior.


Premise: What was Jayapala's response to the indemnity payment?

Hypothesis: Sebuk Tigin, however, defeated him, and he was forced to pay an indemnity.


Premise: Which country probably coined the term air defence?

Hypothesis: However, arrangements in the UK were also called 'anti-aircraft', abbreviated as AA, a term that remained in general use into the 1950s.


Premise: How many German bombs hit their target?

Hypothesis: The defences failed to prevent widespread damage but on some occasions did prevent German bombers concentrating on their targets.


Premise: What are many mutualistic relationships, thus failing to survive competition?

Hypothesis: Although many such mutualistic relationships remain too fragile to survive competition and to spread widely, flowering proved to be an unusually effective means of reproduction, spreading (whatever its origin) to become the dominant form of land plant life.


Premise: What famous stuntman sued Kanye for purported use of his likeness in 2006?

Hypothesis: In December 2006, Robert "Evel" Knievel sued West for trademark infringement in West's video for "Touch the Sky".


Premise: What year did Bill Clinton lose North Carolina?

Hypothesis: In the 1990s, Democrat Bill Clinton came within a point of winning the state in 1992 and also only narrowly lost the state in 1996.


Premise: What year did Kinnock call for a general election?

Hypothesis: Major resisted Kinnock's calls for a general election throughout 1991.


Premise: How many med schools are there?

Hypothesis: Along with the University of Pennsylvania, Temple University and Drexel University make up the city's major research universities.


Premise: What kind of hardware support does Dell provide?

Hypothesis: Dell also provide on-line support by using the computer's service-tag that provides full list of the hardware elements installed originally, purchase date and provides the latest upgrades for the original hardware drivers.


Premise: What is the abbreviated alphabet called?

Hypothesis: This abbreviation is called the Pratyāhara.


Premise: What type of trib were the Hephthalites?

Hypothesis: The Hephthalites (or Ephthalites), also known as the White Huns, were a nomadic confederation in Central Asia during the late antiquity period.


Premise: How many games will each team play in the 2016 regular season?

Hypothesis: The practice of playing one or two preseason exhibition games by each team before the start of the regular season was discontinued when the NBC contract was initiated, and the regular season was extended from 14 games, the length that it had been since 1996, to 16 from 2001 to 2010, and since 2016.


Premise: Which group officially chose the name "Laservision"?

Hypothesis: Until early 1980, the format had no "official" name.


Premise: In 1919 what school opened in Weimar, Germany?

Hypothesis: Notable among these is the Deutscher Werkbund, formed in 1907 to produce better quality machine made objects.


Premise: What did Baldwin liken the hydrofoil boat to?

Hypothesis: They had rides in the Forlanini hydrofoil boat over Lake Maggiore.


Premise: How was Neptune found?

Hypothesis: Neptune was visited by Voyager 2, when it flew by the planet on 25 August 1989.


Premise: How does Einstein advocate Mach's principle?

Hypothesis: Einstein partially advocates Mach's principle in that distant stars explain inertia because they provide the gravitational field against which acceleration and inertia occur.


Premise: Where does Cirque du Soleil go in Mexico City?

Hypothesis: Recent additions include the 20,000-seat Arena Ciudad de México, the 3,000-seat Pepsi Center World Trade Center, and the 2,500-seat Auditorio Blackberry.


Premise: What was the chivalric order established by Edward III in 1348?

Hypothesis: The spirit of chivalry was given expression through the new (secular) type of chivalric orders; the first of these was the Order of St. George, founded by Charles I of Hungary in 1325, while the best known was probably the English Order of the Garter, founded by Edward III in 1348.


Premise: What did the English settlers get in return for their labor?

Hypothesis: Some Africans were allowed to earn their freedom before slavery became a lifelong status.


Premise: What was another name for the later Puritan movement?

Hypothesis: The later Puritan movement, often referred to as dissenters and nonconformists, eventually led to the formation of various Reformed denominations.


Premise: Which of  France's universities was the exception and was hospitable to the Enlightenment?

Hypothesis: In France, the major exception was the medical university at Montpellier.


Premise: Who made up a majority of the people on the frontier?

Hypothesis: The majority of people on the frontier were soldiers.


Premise: What province is Zeelandic Flanders in?

Hypothesis: The Brabantian dialect group, for instance, also extends to much of the south of the Netherlands, and so does Limburgish.


Premise: What aided in the relaxation of immigration protocols to Norfolk Island?

Hypothesis: In 2012, immigration controls were relaxed with the introduction of an Unrestricted Entry Permit for all Australian and New Zealand citizens upon arrival and the option to apply for residency; the only criteria are to pass a police check and be able to pay into the local health scheme.


Premise: What was previously used to group plants?

Hypothesis: From the 1990s onwards, the predominant approach to constructing phylogenies for living plants has been molecular phylogenetics, which uses molecular characters, particularly DNA sequences, rather than morphological characters like the presence or absence of spines and areoles.


Premise: Which president ended the draft?

Hypothesis: The draft became extremely unpopular, and President Nixon ended it in 1973, forcing the military (the Army especially) to rely entirely upon volunteers.


Premise: What are the two type of ta'wil?

Hypothesis: According to Tabatabaei, there are acceptable and unacceptable esoteric interpretations.


Premise: Which battle left parts of Tibet under Chinese rule?

Hypothesis: The eastern regions of Kham and Amdo often maintained a more decentralized indigenous political structure, being divided among a number of small principalities and tribal groups, while also often falling more directly under Chinese rule after the Battle of Chamdo; most of this area was eventually incorporated into the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Qinghai.


Premise: When are nouns in Czech inflected?

Hypothesis: In Czech, nouns and adjectives are declined into one of seven grammatical cases.


Premise: What did the interrogation provoke Nasser to do?

Hypothesis: Abdel Hadi was also hesitant to take drastic measures against the army, especially in front of its chief of staff, who was present during the interrogation, and subsequently released Nasser.


Premise: What mountain Range splits the wind stream in the west of Seattle?

Hypothesis: In the convergence zone, air arriving from the north meets air flowing in from the south.


Premise: What was a feminine word in Old English?

Hypothesis: Old English nouns had grammatical gender, a feature absent in modern English, which uses only natural gender.


Premise: How many baby's were there in 2013?

Hypothesis: The city had 22,018 births in 2013, down from a peak 23,689 births in 2008.


Premise: The 2008 study related to Napoleon's death found that hair collected from Napoleon's hair as well as that of his family and contemporaries, had arsenic levels approximately how many times higher than current averages?

Hypothesis: All samples had high levels of arsenic, approximately 100 times higher than the current average.


Premise: Where is it estimated that a hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist?

Hypothesis: Safari hunters are also more likely to use remote areas, uninviting to the typical ecotourist.


Premise: The new roadway prompted a partnership between which two companies?

Hypothesis: Although Wynn's plans for development in the city were scrapped in 2002, the tunnel opened in 2001.


Premise: How many planes did the U.S. lose?

Hypothesis: Overall, the U.S. lost 130 planes and 76 aircrew; however, Japan lost 450 planes, three carriers, and 445 aircrew.


Premise: Who is the founder of Dell?

Hypothesis: Michael Dell, the founder of the company, serves as chairman of the board and chief executive officer.


Premise: What cults weakened Buddhism in India?

Hypothesis: Ronald Inden writes that by the 8th century CE symbols of Hindu gods "replaced the Buddha at the imperial centre and pinnacle of the cosmo-political system, the image or symbol of the Hindu god comes to be housed in a monumental temple and given increasingly elaborate imperial-style puja worship".


Premise: What did John do during the truce of 1206-1208?

Hypothesis: John hoped to exploit this advantage by invading himself late in 1213, but baronial discontent again delayed his invasion plans until early 1214, in what would prove to be his final Continental campaign.


Premise: What is the syrinx?

Hypothesis: Sound production is achieved using the syrinx, a muscular chamber incorporating multiple tympanic membranes which diverges from the lower end of the trachea; the trachea being elongated in some species, increasing the volume of vocalizations and the perception of the bird's size.


Premise: How many nurses are provided to the outer islands?

Hypothesis: The Princess Margaret Hospital on Funafuti is the only hospital in Tuvalu.


Premise: What historical period gave the Dominican Order a challenge?

Hypothesis: At the same time the order found itself face to face with the Renaissance.


Premise: What university is in Raleigh?

Hypothesis: Raleigh is home to North Carolina State University and is part of the Research Triangle area, together with Durham (home of Duke University) and Chapel Hill (home of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill).


Premise: In terms of religious affiliation, what is the most prevalent religion in the city?

Hypothesis: New Haven is a predominantly Roman Catholic city, as the city's Dominican, Irish, Italian, Mexican, Ecuadorian, and Puerto Rican populations are overwhelmingly Catholic.


Premise: In which year was the last electric streetcar line removed?

Hypothesis: It was the last line of what had once been a 534-mile network of electric streetcars.


Premise: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Huckabee get?

Hypothesis: In the Presidential primary elections of February 5, 2008, Sen. Clinton won 61.2% of the Bronx's 148,636 Democratic votes against 37.8% for Barack Obama and 1.0% for the other four candidates combined (John Edwards, Dennis Kucinich, Bill Richardson and Joe Biden).


Premise: What year was  La valse de l'adieu released?

Hypothesis: The 1945 biographical film A Song to Remember earned Cornel Wilde an Academy Award nomination as Best Actor for his portrayal of the composer.


Premise: Who is the city Manager?

Hypothesis: The City of Oklahoma City has operated under a council-manager form of city government since 1927.


Premise: Who intends to reopen the Plymouth City Airport?

Hypothesis: However, FlyPlymouth plans to reopen the city airport by 2018, which will provide daily services to various destinations including London.


Premise: What is another country with which the Gothic style is distinctly connected with?

Hypothesis: These range from tiny chapels to large cathedrals, and although many have been extended and altered in different styles, a large number remain either substantially intact or sympathetically restored, demonstrating the form, character and decoration of Gothic architecture.


Premise: When did LF Gary Matthews and CF Bobby Dernier come from Philadelphia to the Cubs?

Hypothesis: In December, 1983 Scott Sanderson was acquired from Montreal in a three-team deal with San Diego for Carmelo Martínez.


Premise: Who led the Melrose Commons project?

Hypothesis: The grass roots organization Nos Quedamos' endeavor known as Melrose Commons began to rebuild areas in the South Bronx.


Premise: Which police officer does a section of 21st Street refer to?

Hypothesis: Along the northern perimeter of Gramercy Park, between Gramercy Park East and Gramercy Park West, 21st Street is known as Gramercy Park North.


Premise: When did the 19th century workers of Paris construct barricades and hoist red flags to protest their new government?

Hypothesis: In June 1848, Paris workers, disenchanted with the new government, built barricades and raised red flags.


Premise: What was the Biblical sea monster that Neptune is named in Hebrew?

Hypothesis: In Māori, the planet is called Tangaroa, named after the Māori god of the sea.


Premise: In what year was the Premier League created?

Hypothesis: Arsenal had never progressed beyond the quarter-finals of the Champions League until 2005–06; in that season they became the first club from London in the competition's fifty-year history to reach the final, in which they were beaten 2–1 by Barcelona.


Premise: Where were the first followers mainly found?

Hypothesis: Early followers of Whitehead were found primarily at the University of Chicago's Divinity School, where Henry Nelson Wieman initiated an interest in Whitehead's work that would last for about thirty years.


Premise: What does the acroynm ELF stand for?

Hypothesis: When Emperor Haile Selassie unilaterally dissolved the Eritrean parliament and annexed the country in 1962, the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) waged an armed struggle for independence.


Premise: If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present?

Hypothesis: Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study.


Premise: When was the Arsenal stadium bombed?

Hypothesis: The entire stadium was given a massive overhaul in the 1930s: new Art Deco West and East stands were constructed, opening in 1932 and 1936 respectively, and a roof was added to the North Bank terrace, which was bombed during the Second World War and not restored until 1954.


Premise: How many journals did Queen Victoria write in her lifetime?

Hypothesis: According to one of her biographers, Giles St Aubyn, Victoria wrote an average of 2,500 words a day during her adult life.


Premise: What 'age' is the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven referred to as?

Hypothesis: The earliest reference to "classical music" recorded by the Oxford English Dictionary is from about 1836.


Premise: What does hunting create economic incentives for?

Hypothesis: A scientific study in the journal, Biological Conservation, states that trophy hunting is of "major importance to conservation in Africa by creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas, including areas which may be unsuitable for alternative wildlife-based land uses such as photographic ecotourism."


Premise: In what forms of government are leaders not held to the same laws as ordinary citizens?

Hypothesis: Rule of law implies that every citizen is subject to the law, including law makers themselves.


Premise: What is Bermuda officially classified as?

Hypothesis: Bermuda is classified as a British Overseas Territory, but it is the oldest British colony.


Premise: What is the most narrow grouping of a plant?

Hypothesis: The order is: Kingdom; Phylum (or Division); Class; Order; Family; Genus (plural genera); Species.


Premise: How many days does the Carnival in Uruguay last for?

Hypothesis: The festival is performed in the European parade style with elements from Bantu and Angolan Benguela cultures imported with slaves in colonial times.


Premise: Who composed the Concerto in C Major Op 3 6?

Hypothesis: Antonio Vivaldi composed a mandolin concerto (Concerto in C major Op.3 6) and two concertos for two mandolins and orchestra.


Premise: In order to understand the tetraploid forms, what must be used as a comparison in cotton gene sequencing?

Hypothesis: Then there would be no way to untangle the mess of AD sequences without comparing them to their diploid counterparts.


Premise: What sensations did Mill differentiate?

Hypothesis: The problems other philosophers have had with Mill's position center around the following issues: Firstly, Mill's formulation encounters difficulty when it describes what direct experience is by differentiating only between actual and possible sensations.


Premise: What major film production company calls London home?

Hypothesis: London has played a significant role in the film industry, and has major studios at Ealing and a special effects and post-production community centred in Soho.


Premise: What lake reulted from completion of Aswan High Dam?

Hypothesis: A rapidly growing population, limited arable land, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress the economy.


Premise: Who first settled the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: Micronesians settled the Marshall Islands in the 2nd millennium BC, but there are no historical or oral records of that period.


Premise: When did figure wall mosaics become the highest form of artistic expression?

Hypothesis: However it seems that it was not until the Christian era that figural wall mosaics became a major form of artistic expression.


Premise: Which Germanic dialect was spoken in the eastern region?

Hypothesis: Frisian in the north and along the western coast; Saxon in the east (contiguous with the Low German area); and Franconian in the centre and south.


Premise: The Laccifer lacca was crucial to making what pigment?

Hypothesis: Unlike vermilion or red ochre, made from minerals, red lake pigments are made by mixing organic dyes, made from insects or plants, with white chalk or alum.


Premise: When was the Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace signed?

Hypothesis: In 1994, the Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace was signed, making Jordan the second Arab country to normalize relations with Israel.


Premise: What did the English Order not care about?

Hypothesis: They neither expected nor sought the appearance of the stigmata or any other physical manifestation.


Premise: What are two things that anit-masonry usually associated with?

Hypothesis: Professor Andrew Prescott of the University of Sheffield writes: "Since at least the time of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, antisemitism has gone hand in hand with anti-masonry, so it is not surprising that allegations that 11 September was a Zionist plot have been accompanied by suggestions that the attacks were inspired by a masonic world order".


Premise: What nationality was the band Nazareth?

Hypothesis: Scottish band Nazareth released their self-titled début album in 1971, producing a blend of hard rock and pop that would culminate in their best selling, Hair of the Dog (1975), which contained the proto-power ballad "Love Hurts".


Premise: When were the mosaics at the Great Palace of Constantinople commissioned?

Hypothesis: Important fragments survived from the mosaic floor of the Great Palace of Constantinople which was commissioned during Justinian's reign.


Premise: Besides entertainment or informational value, classic literature also possessed what quality?

Hypothesis: Many works of earlier periods, even in narrative form, had a covert moral or didactic purpose, such as the Sanskrit Panchatantra or the Metamorphoses of Ovid.


Premise: What is a re-introduction scheme?

Hypothesis: It has been possible to teach a migration route to a flock of birds, for example in re-introduction schemes.


Premise: In what year was the Estado Novo established?

Hypothesis: These actions were used to affirm Portugal's status as a transcontinental nation and not as a colonial empire.


Premise: Who joined him when he formed a council to encourage unity among Christians?

Hypothesis: The following year he convened a council at Alexandria, and presided over it with Eusebius of Vercelli.


Premise: What can be said of these works compared to his work in other years even though the quantity was less?

Hypothesis: Chopin's output as a composer throughout this period declined in quantity year by year.


Premise: What early civilization made cameo glass?

Hypothesis: From the 19th century, there was a revival in many ancient glass-making techniques including cameo glass, achieved for the first time since the Roman Empire and initially mostly used for pieces in a neo-classical style.


Premise: What do East Asians have to thank for their relatively light skin?

Hypothesis: Scientists discovered a skin-lighting mutation that partially accounts for the appearance of Light skin in humans (people who migrated out of Africa northward into what is now Europe) which they estimate occurred 20,000 to 50,000 years ago.


Premise: How many years did the Liberals stay in office after the 1949 election?

Hypothesis: After an initial loss to Labor at the 1946 election, Menzies led the Liberals to victory at the 1949 election, and the party stayed in office for a record 23 years—still the longest unbroken run in government at the federal level.


Premise: What does Link fight in dungeons?

Hypothesis: Link navigates these dungeons and fights a boss at the end in order to obtain an item or otherwise advance the plot.


Premise: What are some countries that have multiple powerful political parties?

Hypothesis: Many political parties have an ideological core, but some do not, and many represent very different ideologies than they did when first founded.


Premise: What type of birth complications did Madonna suffer at birth?

Hypothesis: Rocco and Madonna suffered complications from the birth due to her experiencing placenta praevia.


Premise: What does a Dai-al-Mutlaq do?

Hypothesis: In the absence of an imam they are led by a Dai-al-Mutlaq (absolute missionary) who manages the affairs of the Imam-in-Concealment until re-emergence of the Imam from concealment.


Premise: What was Brian May's zodiac sign?

Hypothesis: There is also a crown inside the Q and the whole logo is over-shadowed by an enormous phoenix.


Premise: What is the percentage of non-repetitive DNA in some plant and amphibian genomes?

Hypothesis: In some plants and amphibians, the proportion of non-repetitive DNA is no more than 20%, becoming a minority component.


Premise: What is the name of the big rowing races?

Hypothesis: Philadelphia hosts numerous local and collegiate rowing clubs and competitions, including the annual Dad Vail Regatta, the largest intercollegiate rowing event in the U.S, the Stotesbury Cup Regatta, and the Head of the Schuylkill Regatta, all of which are held on the Schuylkill River.


Premise: What movement did the division of Bengal start?

Hypothesis: The British goal was said to be for efficient administration but the people of Bengal were outraged at the apparent "divide and rule" strategy.


Premise: Where does the rugby team play

Hypothesis: The county gained its first Football League club in 2003, when Yeovil Town won promotion to Division Three as Football Conference champions.


Premise: Why do phloem sieve tubes stop forming?

Hypothesis: Unlike animals, many plant cells, particularly those of the parenchyma, do not terminally differentiate, remaining totipotent with the ability to give rise to a new individual plant.


Premise: What class were Africans and Mixed Race children considered?

Hypothesis: In South Africa, the period of colonization resulted in many unions and marriages between European men and African women from various tribes, resulting in mixed-race children.


Premise: What other religious communities exist in Portugal?

Hypothesis: The country has small Protestant, Latter-day Saint, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Eastern Orthodox Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baha'i, Buddhist, Jewish and Spiritist communities.


Premise: How are Mexican wrestlers different?

Hypothesis: Wrestlers in Mexico are traditionally more agile and perform more aerial maneuvers than professional wrestlers in the U.S. who, more often, rely on power moves and strikes to subdue their opponents.


Premise: What type of school was the Avery Normal Institute?

Hypothesis: In 1865, the Avery Normal Institute was established by the American Missionary Association as the first free secondary school for Charleston's African American population.


Premise: In Hindu mythology, what do the two dogs who are owned by the god of death watch over?

Hypothesis: They are said to watch over the gates of Naraka.


Premise: What VIP segment of the population in Dutch colonies learned Dutch to participate in business and government?

Hypothesis: In the last quarter of the 19th century, however, a local elite gained proficiency in Dutch so as to meet the needs of expanding bureaucracy and business.


Premise: A monsoon can last into what month?

Hypothesis: The monsoon can begin any time from mid-June to late July, with an average start date around July 3.


Premise: What is the name of the second Digimon series?

Hypothesis: The first two series take place in the same fictional universe, but the third, fourth, fifth and sixth each occupy their own unique world.


Premise: What did Whitehead believe was one of the biggest reasons materialistic thinking endured?

Hypothesis: No one questions that a ten-year-old person is quite different by the time he or she turns thirty years old, and in many ways is not the same person at all; Whitehead points out that it is not philosophically or ontologically sound to think that a person is the same from one second to the next.


Premise: GABA is the abbreviation for what?

Hypothesis: Because of their ubiquity, drugs that act on glutamate or GABA tend to have broad and powerful effects.


Premise: How does the molecular weight of a gas relate to thermal conductivity?

Hypothesis: At constant pressure and temperature, the thermal conductivity of a gas depends upon the molecular weight of the gas and the cross sectional area of the gas molecules.


Premise: Who appealed to Elizabeth to reverse the dismissal of Whitlam?

Hypothesis: A year later, at the height of the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, the Australian Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam, was dismissed from his post by Governor-General Sir John Kerr, after the Opposition-controlled Senate rejected Whitlam's budget proposals.


Premise: What are the constituents of Class 1 transposable elements?

Hypothesis: It is believed that TEs are an important driving force on genome evolution of higher eukaryotes.


Premise: Masons swear to protect their brethren unless they what?

Hypothesis: Accordingly, Masons swear at each degree to keep the contents of that degree secret, and to support and protect their brethren unless they have broken the law.


Premise: How many Chopin pieces are known to have survived?

Hypothesis: All his known works involve the piano, and only a few range beyond solo piano music, as either piano concertos, songs or chamber music.


Premise: How far is Tucson from Phoenix?

Hypothesis: Tucson is the second-largest populated city in Arizona behind Phoenix, both of which anchor the Arizona Sun Corridor.


Premise: The removal of whom marked the beginning of the Roman Republic?

Hypothesis: Servius Tullius was murdered and succeeded by the arrogant Tarquinius Superbus, whose expulsion marked the beginning of Rome as a republic with annually elected magistrates.


Premise: How does the cold resistance of tungsten filament lamps compare to the hot resistance?

Hypothesis: The actual resistance of the filament is temperature dependent.


Premise: What did Utrecht's location allow

Hypothesis: This threatened shipping for the city and led the city of Utrecht to commission a canal to ensure access to the town for shipping trade: the Vaartse Rijn, connecting Utrecht to the Hollandse IJssel at IJsselstein.


Premise: Which Apple technology did Pat-rights complain breached their patent in a lawsuit?

Hypothesis: The latter case also includes the online music stores of Sony, RealNetworks, Napster, and Musicmatch as defendants.


Premise: What happened to Austrian prestige due to the war?

Hypothesis: More significantly, its military performance proved far better than during the War of the Austrian Succession and seemed to vindicate Maria Theresa's administrative and military reforms.


Premise: What microorganisms are naturally found on a grapes skin?

Hypothesis: Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the innovation of alcoholic drinks such as wine.


Premise: What foundation had already begun relief work in the area?

Hypothesis: The Sichuan Ministry of Civil Affairs said that they have provided 30,000 tents for those left homeless.


Premise: What did a visitor give to Nistor?

Hypothesis: According to the article, she dubbed more than 3,000 movies and became the country's second-most famous voice after Ceauşescu, even though no one knew her name until many years later.


Premise: In which direction would you travel from Portsmouth to reach Southampton?

Hypothesis: Southampton (i/saʊθˈæmptən, -hæmptən/) is the largest city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire on the south coast of England, and is situated 75 miles (121 km) south-west of London and 19 miles (31 km) north-west of Portsmouth.


Premise: What groups beliefs does the Charismatic Movement seek to add to branches of Christianity?

Hypothesis: Transdenominational movements are sometimes capable of affecting parts of the Roman Catholic Church, such as does it the Charismatic Movement, which aims to incorporate beliefs and practices similar to Pentecostals into the various branches of Christianity.


Premise: How far did a Manx shearwater fly over it's lifespan?

Hypothesis: As they are long-lived birds, they may cover enormous distances during their lives; one record-breaking Manx shearwater is calculated to have flown 8 million km (5 million miles) during its over-50 year lifespan.


Premise: What is the major goal of Building Partnerships in these deeds and actions?

Hypothesis: Building Partnerships is about interacting with others and is therefore an inherently inter-personal and cross-cultural undertaking.


Premise: What was explained by the man  Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti who later became leader of the Holy Roman Church ?

Hypothesis: Since the Second Council of Orange against semi-pelagianism, the Catholic Church has taught that even had man never sinned in the Garden of Eden and was sinless, he would still require God's grace to remain sinless.


Premise: How many people lived in Moncks Corner in 2000?

Hypothesis: As of the 2013 U.S. Census, the metropolitan statistical area had a total population of 712,239 people.


Premise: How much money was donated for a new Biochemistry Department?

Hypothesis: In 1959 the Wolfson Foundation donated £350,000 for the establishment of a new Biochemistry Department.[citation needed]


Premise: What did logical empiricism try to combine with mathematical logic?

Hypothesis: Logical empiricism (also logical positivism or neopositivism) was an early 20th-century attempt to synthesize the essential ideas of British empiricism (e.g. a strong emphasis on sensory experience as the basis for knowledge) with certain insights from mathematical logic that had been developed by Gottlob Frege and Ludwig Wittgenstein.


Premise: What do people who eat dog meat consider Western culture, since people there do eat many different animals?

Hypothesis: In some places, however, such as in rural areas of Poland, dog fat is believed to have medicinal properties—being good for the lungs for instance.


Premise: Did any other ancient cultures also leave behind evidence of existence in Myanmar?

Hypothesis: Evidence of neolithic age domestication of plants and animals and the use of polished stone tools dating to sometime between 10,000 and 6,000 BC has been discovered in the form of cave paintings near the city of Taunggyi.


Premise: Which company first used the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept?

Hypothesis: The launch of the Macintosh pioneered many different tactics that are used today in launching technology products, including the "multiple exclusive," event marketing (credited to John Sculley, who brought the concept over from Pepsi), creating a mystique around a product and giving an inside look into a product's creation.


Premise: What law was passed in 1966 to aid cotton producers?

Hypothesis: Beginning as a self-help program in the mid-1960s, the Cotton Research and Promotion Program (CRPP) was organized by U.S. cotton producers in response to cotton's steady decline in market share.


Premise: What does UNAIDS consider universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment?

Hypothesis: According to the 2011 UNAIDS Report, Swaziland is close to achieving universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment, defined as 80% coverage or greater.


Premise: Who was the UN under-secretary in 2011?

Hypothesis: During the five-years from the end of 2004 through 2009, worldwide renewable energy capacity grew at rates of 10–60 percent annually for many technologies.


Premise: Which year did Orozco revolt?

Hypothesis: By June, Villa notified Huerta that the Orozco revolt had been put down and that the militia would consider themselves no longer under Huerta's command and would depart.


Premise: What are dimethylzinc, dietylzinc and diphenylzinc?

Hypothesis: On the downside organozincs are much less nucleophilic than Grignards, are expensive and difficult to handle.


Premise: When did Edmund Burke start a debate club?

Hypothesis: In 1747, he set up a debating society


Premise: What state is American Idol contestant Clay Aiken from?

Hypothesis: A large number of other notable finalists during the series' run have also hailed from the American South, including Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, and Chris Daughtry, who are all from North Carolina.


Premise: When was the first American edition of On the Origin of Species published?

Hypothesis: Gray managed to negotiate a 5% royalty with Appleton's of New York, who got their edition out in mid January 1860, and the other two withdrew.


Premise: When was the Zinoviev letter published?

Hypothesis: The ensuing 1924 general election saw the publication, four days before polling day, of the Zinoviev letter, in which Moscow talked about a Communist revolution in Britain.


Premise: What is another name for the UBDA?

Hypothesis: In other words, Aleksandar Ranković and the State Security Service (UBDA) employed the same inhumane methods against their opponents as Stalin did in the Soviet Union against his.


Premise: Britain believe German bombers would be unable to reach and identify what?

Hypothesis: The difficulty RAF bombers had navigating in darkness, led the British to believe German bombers would suffer the same problems and would be unable to reach and identify their targets.


Premise: What is the only other sacrament of the Protestants that the Catholic Church recognizes?

Hypothesis: A Protestant baptism is held to be valid by the Catholic Church if given with the trinitarian formula and with the intent to baptize.


Premise: How many cancer patients has Daisy detected?

Hypothesis: A Labrador Retriever called Daisy has detected 551 cancer patients with an accuracy of 93 percent and received the Blue Cross (for pets)


Premise: Which city in Greece is Melbourne's sister city?

Hypothesis: Melbourne has the largest Greek-speaking population outside of Europe, a population comparable to some larger Greek cities like Larissa and Volos.


Premise: Which torchbearer sent a letter of protest to the president of the International Olympic Committee?

Hypothesis: Lê Minh Phiếu, a torchbearer who is a Vietnamese law student studying in France, wrote a letter to the president of the International Olympic Committee protesting China's "politicisation of the Olympics", citing maps of the torch relay at the official Beijing Olympic website depicting the disputed islands as Chinese territory and posted it on his blog.


Premise: Which agencies control this task force?

Hypothesis: The issues of misuse and overuse of antibiotics have been addressed by the formation of the US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance.


Premise: In comparison to Massachusetts what where settlers hoping to establish in New Haven Harbor?

Hypothesis: These settlers were hoping to establish a (in their mind) better theological community, with the government more closely linked to the church than the one they left in Massachusetts and sought to take advantage of the excellent port capabilities of the harbor.


Premise: What caused Quaker and Methodist preachers to want to free slaves?

Hypothesis: In connection with the Second Great Awakening, Quaker and Methodist preachers in the South urged slaveholders to free their slaves.


Premise: What happened at the start of John's reign?

Hypothesis: This inflationary pressure was to continue for the rest of the 13th century and had long-term economic consequences for England.


Premise: Where did it open?

Hypothesis: There were several preliminary-round shows during the day that culminated in a "finals" show in the evening where one of the winners of the previous rounds that day was selected as the overall winner.


Premise: What city is now located where Fort Duquesne was built?

Hypothesis: Peaceful British attempts to halt this fort construction were unsuccessful, and the French proceeded to build the fort they named Fort Duquesne.


Premise: In what century did the Winchester standard arise?

Hypothesis: This form of the language is known as the "Winchester standard", or more commonly as Late West Saxon.


Premise: In what year did a research study find that the use of Bt toxin plants failed to be effective after 7 years?

Hypothesis: A 2006 study done by Cornell researchers, the Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy and the Chinese Academy of Science on Bt


Premise: How long ago did "Nanjing Man" live?

Hypothesis: Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago.


Premise: Whose performance in Anne of the Thousand Days garnered a Best Actor nod?

Hypothesis: At this time, Hal B. Wallis, who had latterly worked as a major producer at Paramount, moved over to Universal, where he produced several films, among them a lavish version of Maxwell Anderson's Anne of the Thousand Days (1969), and the equally lavish Mary, Queen of Scots (1971).


Premise: What happened between 1938 to 1995?

Hypothesis: In 1995 the Supreme Court rejected the Gun-Free School Zones Act in the Lopez decision, and also rejected the civil remedy portion of the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 in the United States v. Morrison decision.


Premise: How are dogs viewed in Islam?

Hypothesis: In Islam, dogs are viewed as unclean because they are viewed as scavengers.


Premise: When did approach lighting come into use?

Hypothesis: In the 1940s, the slope-line approach system was introduced.


Premise: What can the Eastern Han dynasty also be called?

Hypothesis: The era from his reign until the fall of Han is known as the Eastern Han dynasty (simplified Chinese: 东汉; traditional Chinese: 東漢;


Premise: At what point can a critic using the stemmatic become less concerned with critical analysis?

Hypothesis: " But in fact, the critic employs conjecture at every step of the process.


Premise: What is included in the list of organizations allowed to use .org?

Hypothesis: In the traditional domain noted in RFC 1591, .org is for "organizations that didn't fit anywhere else" in the naming system, which implies that it is the proper category for non-commercial organizations if they are not governmental, educational, or one of the other types with a specific TLD.


Premise: Other than rice, what would be another example of an incomplete protein source?

Hypothesis: It is possible with protein combinations of two incomplete protein sources (e.g., rice and beans) to make a complete protein source, and characteristic combinations are the basis of distinct cultural cooking traditions.


Premise: What was the term used to describe military governors?

Hypothesis: He appointed military governors, or daimyos, to rule over the provinces, and stewards, or jito to supervise public and private estates.


Premise: What did some commentators think about Darwin changing the phrasing in his book?

Hypothesis: While some commentators have taken this as a concession to religion that Darwin later regretted, Darwin's view at the time was of God creating life through the laws of nature, and even in the first edition there are several references to "creation".


Premise: How many square miles of water is Boston?

Hypothesis: The highest point in Boston is Bellevue Hill at 330 feet (100 m) above sea level, and the lowest point is at sea level.


Premise: Who fought over the movie rights for Thunderball?

Hypothesis: This enabled him to become a producer for the 1965 film Thunderball—with Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman as executive producers—and the non-Eon film Never Say Never Again, an updated remake of Thunderball, in 1983.[N 3] A second remake, entitled Warhead 2000 A.D., was planned for production and release in the 1990s before being abandoned.


Premise: What did the Constitution of Massachusetts express no one would be restrained from doing?

Hypothesis: Similarly, the Constitution of Massachusetts originally provided that "no subject shall be hurt, molested, or restrained, in his person, liberty, or estate, for worshipping God in the manner and season most agreeable to the dictates of his own conscience... provided he doth not disturb the public peace, or obstruct others in their religious worship," (Article II) but also that:


Premise: What language was in use in the Neo-Sumerian Empire?

Hypothesis: (Sumerian Renaissance) approximately 2100-2000 BC, but the Akkadian language also remained in use.


Premise: On what day did airborne radar help intercept and destroy enemy aircraft for the first time?

Hypothesis: On the night of 22/23 July 1940, Flying Officer Cyril Ashfield (pilot), Pilot Officer Geoffrey Morris (Observer) and Flight Sergeant Reginald Leyland


Premise: What is the total coverage of the city with roads, in miles?

Hypothesis: The two roads cross in the city centre, Xinjiekou.


Premise: What type of charges do conductors hold on their facing surfaces?

Hypothesis: A capacitor is assumed to be self-contained and isolated, with no net electric charge and no influence from any external electric field.


Premise: Who is Irene?

Hypothesis: IRENE will retrieve the information from a laterally modulated monaural grooved sound source without touching the medium itself, but cannot read vertically modulated information.


Premise: In what year was the iTunes store established?

Hypothesis: The iTunes Store (introduced April 29, 2003) is an online media store run by Apple and accessed through iTunes.


Premise: Why is the black population in Bermuda different from that in the British West Indies and the United States?

Hypothesis: Genetic studies have consequently shown that the African ancestry of black Bermudians (other than those resulting from recent immigration from the British West Indian islands) is largely from the a band across southern Africa, from Angola to Mozambique, which is similar to what is revealed in Latin America, but distinctly different from the blacks of the West Indies and the United States.


Premise: What type of update was released on December 18, 2008?

Hypothesis: A new index was released on December 18, 2008.


Premise: What year was Joseph Stalin’s version of the pact published?

Hypothesis: In response to the publication of the secret protocols and other secret German–Soviet relations documents in the State Department edition Nazi–Soviet Relations (1948), Stalin published Falsifiers of History, which included the claim that, during the Pact's operation, Stalin rejected Hitler's claim to share in a division of the world, without mentioning the Soviet offer to join the Axis.


Premise: What is the range of power ratings for incandescent bulbs?

Hypothesis: Contacts in the lamp socket allow the electric current to pass through the base to the filament.


Premise: On which date did Detroit file bankruptcy?

Hypothesis: On July 18, 2013, Detroit filed the largest municipal bankruptcy case in U.S. history.


Premise: Which phone manufacturers adopted the AAC file format to become better iPod-compatible?

Hypothesis: Examples include CD copy-protection schemes, and mobile phones, such as phones from Sony Ericsson and Nokia, which play AAC files rather than WMA.


Premise: Which is one of the tribes that spoke Insular Celtic?

Hypothesis: Hiberni (Ireland), Pictish (northern Britain) and Britons (southern Britain) tribes, all speaking Insular Celtic, inhabited the islands at the beginning of the 1st millennium AD.


Premise: Where did the Lombardic family of bowlback mandolins come from?

Hypothesis: Another family of bowlback mandolins came from Milan and Lombardy.


Premise: In what year was Issaac Newton's Principia Mathematica published?

Hypothesis: If taken back to the mid-17th century, the Enlightenment would trace its origins to Descartes' Discourse on Method, published in 1637.


Premise: What sort of DNA repair is created by modern genetic engineering techniques?

Hypothesis: Recently developed genome engineering techniques use engineered nuclease enzymes to create targeted DNA repair in a chromosome to either disrupt or edit a gene when the break is repaired.


Premise: Who invented the first permanent photograph?

Hypothesis: The inventor Nicéphore Niépce produced the first permanent photograph on a polished pewter plate in Paris in 1825, and then developed the process with Louis Daguerre.


Premise: How was Victoria notified of her youngest son leopolds death?

Hypothesis: After a year, she was won around to the marriage by Henry and Beatrice's promise to remain living with and attending her.


Premise: Where is the memorial chapel of the airmen of the RAF?

Hypothesis: It incorporates a memorial window to the Battle of Britain, which replaces an earlier Tudor stained glass window destroyed in the war.


Premise: What is the name of the item used as a primitive type of map for navigation by early settlers of the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: Over time, the Marshall Island people learned to navigate over long ocean distances by canoe using traditional stick charts.


Premise: Who are the theoretical allies of the Thuringians?

Hypothesis: Other historians argue that the Thuringians were allies of the Huns, came to central Europe together with them, and lived before in what is Galicia today.


Premise: Who bought 80% of Vivendi Universal Entertainment in 2004?

Hypothesis: After that deal, GE owned 80% of NBC Universal; Vivendi held the remaining 20%, with an option to sell its share in 2006.


Premise: Werner Heisenberg suggested that atoms are not what?

Hypothesis: For instance Werner Heisenberg said "The ontology of materialism rested upon the illusion that the kind of existence, the direct 'actuality' of the world around us, can be extrapolated into the atomic range.


Premise: How many areas in Rome could be called hills?

Hypothesis: Throughout the territory under Rome's control, residential architecture ranged from very modest houses to country villas, and in the capital city of Rome, to the residences on the elegant Palatine Hill, from which the word "palace" is derived.


Premise: How many black students were escorted by the 101st Airborne to Little Rock Central High School?

Hypothesis: They escorted and protected nine black students' entry to Little Rock Central High School, an all-white public school, for the first time since the Reconstruction Era.


Premise: Who created a pathway for education for women in the Islamic world?

Hypothesis: Female education in the Islamic world was inspired by Muhammad's wives, such as Khadijah, a successful businesswoman.


Premise: Who has the power to destroy bad karma?

Hypothesis: The Japanese Pure Land teacher Genshin taught that Amitābha has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in saṃsāra.


Premise: Who led the Confederate forces defending Richmond throughout the war?

Hypothesis: The American Civil War caught both sides unprepared.


Premise: What type of aircraft was the German Plane?

Hypothesis: On 15 September 1940, known as the Battle of Britain Day, an RAF pilot, Ray Holmes of No. 504 Squadron RAF rammed a German bomber he believed was going to bomb the Palace.


Premise: Which band was he largest benefit concert in history about?

Hypothesis: The concert is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as "The largest rock star benefit concert", as it was televised to over 1.2 billion viewers worldwide, and raised over £20,000,000 for AIDS charities.


Premise: What is the only other state with two courts of last resort?

Hypothesis: Judges of those two courts, as well as the Court of Civil Appeals are appointed by the Governor upon the recommendation of the state Judicial Nominating Commission, and are subject to a non-partisan retention vote on a six-year rotating schedule.


Premise: Which products created more complexity in the financial markets?

Hypothesis: This boom in innovative financial products went hand in hand with more complexity.


Premise: Who was Melvin Laird?

Hypothesis: Kerry participated in the "Winter Soldier Investigation" conducted by VVAW of U.S. atrocities in Vietnam, and he appears in a film by that name that documents the investigation.


Premise: Where is the JCPC located?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, the power of interpretation of the Basic Law itself is vested in the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC) in Beijing (without retroactive effect), and the courts are authorised to interpret the Basic Law when trying cases, in accordance with Article 158 of the Basic Law.


Premise: Whad did Nasser's enemies call him?

Hypothesis: Liberal writer Tawfiq al-Hakim described Nasser as a "confused Sultan" who employed stirring rhetoric, but had no actual plan to achieve his stated goals.


Premise: What singer came in third on the sixth season of American Idol?

Hypothesis: Melinda Doolittle was eliminated in the final three.


Premise: How did they manage the tensions in the present of Spanish Transition to democracy?

Hypothesis: However, in order to manage the tensions present in the Spanish transition to democracy, the drafters of the current Spanish constitution avoided giving labels such as 'federal' to the territorial arrangements.


Premise: Who met in peace talks with France at Geneva?

Hypothesis: Ambrose argues that Eisenhower, by not participating in the Geneva agreement, had kept the U.S out of Vietnam; nevertheless, with the formation of SEATO, he had in the end put the U.S. back into the conflict.


Premise: When did Sony release it's AES technical paper?

Hypothesis: After this, in 1974 the leap to storing digital audio on an optical disc was easily made.


Premise: The EIC made what available to the government of the island between 1815 and 1830?

Hypothesis: Between 1815 and 1830, the EIC made available to the government of the island the packet schooner St Helena, which made multiple trips per year between the island and the Cape carrying passengers both ways, and supplies of wine and provisions back to the island.


Premise: When did Constantinople fall to the Turks?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, in Renaissance Italy, a new period in the history of translation had opened in Florence with the arrival, at the court of Cosimo de' Medici, of the Byzantine scholar Georgius Gemistus Pletho shortly before the fall of Constantinople to the Turks (1453).


Premise: What did the sisters not have?

Hypothesis: The sisters had no government of their own, but lived under the authority of the general and provincial chapters of the order.


Premise: Which man's works were mostly the cause of the ''narrow approach''?

Hypothesis: According to Nicholas Kaldor, Hayek's theory of the time-structure of capital and of the business cycle initially "fascinated the academic world" and appeared to offer a less "facile and superficial" understanding of macroeconomics than the Cambridge school's.


Premise: Charities of which nation benefit from the IBM partnership with Pennies?

Hypothesis: Since July 2011, IBM has partnered with Pennies, the electronic charity box, and produced a software solution for IBM retail customers that provides an easy way to donate money when paying in-store by credit or debit card.