Premise: In what Scottish Hall of Fame is Bell listed?

Hypothesis: Bell's name is still widely known and used as part of the names of dozens of educational institutes, corporate namesakes, street and place names around the world.


Premise: In the Swazi Parliament, what is the Bucopho?

Hypothesis: On the day of nomination, the name of the nominee is raised by a show of hand and the nominee is given an opportunity to indicate whether he or she accepts the nomination.


Premise: Where did the Red Line rail track terminate?

Hypothesis: and expand the current Red Line.


Premise: What is the average January temp?

Hypothesis: The January daily average is 33.0 °F (0.6 °C), though, in a normal winter, the temperature frequently rises to 50 °F (10 °C) during thaws and dips to 10 °F (−12 °C) for 2 or 3 nights.


Premise: How much of South Tucson is Native American?

Hypothesis: The population consists of about 83% Mexican-American and 10% Native American residents.


Premise: What often happens to regional breweries after they sell their pubs?

Hypothesis: Pubs for use in a chain are bought and sold in large units, often from regional breweries which are then closed down.


Premise: What was the name of the room that the first exhibition of Cubists took place?

Hypothesis: The first organized group exhibition by Cubists took place at the Salon des Indépendants in Paris during the spring of 1911 in a room called 'Salle 41'; it included works by Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Fernand Léger, Robert Delaunay and Henri Le Fauconnier, yet no works by Picasso or Braque were exhibited.


Premise: In what year was the New Haven Promise scholarship initiated?

Hypothesis: The city is home to New Haven Promise, a scholarship funded by Yale University for students who meet the requirements.


Premise: How much did the population grow during the 18th century?

Hypothesis: The population doubled during the 18th century.


Premise: What is the half life of the copper isotope 68mCu?

Hypothesis: The other isotopes are radioactive, with the most stable being 67Cu with a half-life of 61.83 hours.


Premise: Where was Charles VII from?

Hypothesis: Leonardo da Vinci was fascinated by variations of light in the higher altitudes, and climbed a mountain—scholars are uncertain which one; some believe it may have been Monte Rosa.


Premise: What was the amount of additional money requested by Cyprus?

Hypothesis: In June 2012, the Cypriot government announced it would need €1.8 billion in foreign aid to support the Cyprus Popular Bank, and this was followed by Fitch downgrading Cyprus's credit rating to junk status.


Premise: What is the favored influence as to the cause of sexual orientation?

Hypothesis: Scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation, but they believe that it is caused by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences.


Premise: What resulted in effective and long-term isolation of Jewish communities?

Hypothesis: An array of Jewish communities was established by Jewish settlers in various places around the Old World, often at great distances from one another, resulting in effective and often long-term isolation.


Premise: About how many people live in New York City's metropolitan area?

Hypothesis: It is home to the largest Jewish as well as Israeli communities outside Israel, with the Jewish population in the region numbering over 1.5 million in 2012 and including many diverse Jewish sects from around the Middle East and Eastern Europe.


Premise: Beyonce voiced a character in which animated film?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé voiced Queen Tara in the 3D CGI animated film, Epic, released by 20th Century Fox on May 24, and recorded an original song for the film, "Rise Up", co-written with Sia.


Premise: What was Def Leppard's second album called?

Hypothesis: Often categorised with the New Wave of British Heavy Metal, in 1981 Def Leppard released their second album High 'n' Dry, mixing glam-rock with heavy metal, and helping to define the sound of hard rock for the decade.


Premise: How many people in total lived in Yingxiu?

Hypothesis: One rescue team reported only 2,300 survivors from the town of Yingxiu in Wenchuan County, out of a total population of about 9,000.


Premise: Where do migrating birds visit?

Hypothesis: Long distance migrants are believed to disperse as young birds and form attachments to potential breeding sites and to favourite wintering sites.


Premise: HOw much did the tour earn?

Hypothesis: It became the highest-grossing tour of 2004, earning around $120 million and became the subject of her documentary


Premise: What is the somerset climate like

Hypothesis: Most of the rainfall in autumn and winter is caused by the Atlantic depressions, which is when they are most active.


Premise: How much money was spent on the Portuguese armed forced in 2009?

Hypothesis: They serve primarily as a self-defense force whose mission is to protect the territorial integrity of the country and provide humanitarian assistance and security at home and abroad.


Premise: Who elects the President of the Confederation from its 7 members?

Hypothesis: It is a collegial body of seven members, elected for a four-year mandate by the Federal Assembly which also exercises oversight over the Council.


Premise: How many of West's six albums have gone platinum?

Hypothesis: West has had six songs exceed 3 million in digital sales as of December 2012, with "Gold Digger" selling 3,086,000, "Stronger" selling 4,402,000, "Heartless" selling 3,742,000, "E.T." selling over 4,000,000, "Love Lockdown" selling over 3,000,000, and "Niggas in Paris" selling over 3,000,000, placing him third in overall digital sales of the past decade.


Premise: Where does the foundation list grants

Hypothesis: While some critics have feared the foundation for directing the conversation on education or pushing its point of view through news coverage, the foundation has said it lists all its grants publicly and does not enforce any rules for content among its grantees, who have editorial independence.


Premise: What was the name of the singing student Chopin was attracted to?

Hypothesis: He was also attracted to the singing student Konstancja Gładkowska.


Premise: What does the Xeer system call attorneys?

Hypothesis: Thus, one can find odayal (judges), xeer boggeyaal (jurists), guurtiyaal (detectives), garxajiyaal (attorneys), murkhaatiyal (witnesses) and waranle (police officers) to enforce the law.


Premise: Where did the British Royal Navy defeat the French and Spanish in 1805?

Hypothesis: French ports were blockaded by the Royal Navy, which won a decisive victory over a Franco-Spanish fleet at Trafalgar in 1805.


Premise: What events ended the war with Japan?

Hypothesis: Following its defeat, Japan's Shinto Emperor stepped down as the divine leader through the Shinto Directive, because the Allied Powers believed this was the major political cause of Japan's military aggression and deconstruction process soon took place to install a new liberal-democratic constitution to the Japanese public as the current Constitution of Japan.


Premise: What was the London hub of the British press?

Hypothesis: The coffeehouse became a popular place to debate ideas, with growing literacy and the development of the printing press making news widely available; and Fleet Street became the centre of the British press.


Premise: How deep does Neptune's water-ammonia ocean go?

Hypothesis: The mantle is equivalent to 10 to 15 Earth masses and is rich in water, ammonia and methane.


Premise: What is the minimum attendance rate for a student to be eligible for the New Haven Promise Scholarship?

Hypothesis: Students must be enrolled in a public high school (charters included) for four years, be a resident of the city during that time, carry a 3.0 cumulative grade-point average, have a 90-percent attendance rate and perform 40 hours of service to the city.


Premise: Typically, what is the capital ship of any fleet?

Hypothesis: Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases for staging aircraft operations.


Premise: How many books are included in The Aeneid?

Hypothesis: The epic poem consists of 12 books in dactylic hexameter verse which describe the journey of Aeneas, a warrior fleeing the sack of Troy, to Italy, his battle with the Italian prince Turnus, and the foundation of a city from which Rome would emerge.


Premise: In what century did Saxons and Normans separate?

Hypothesis: Such lawyers (called "doctors" and "civilians") were centered at "Doctors Commons", a few streets south of St Paul's Cathedral in London, where they monopolized probate, matrimonial, and admiralty cases until their jurisdiction was removed to the common law courts in the mid-19th century.


Premise: What name did the record companies associate with MP3 file sharing?

Hypothesis: Major record companies argued that this free sharing of music reduced sales, and called it "music piracy".


Premise: When was Elizabeth's Diamond Jubilee?

Hypothesis: Times of personal significance have included the births and marriages of her children, grandchildren and great grandchildren, her coronation in 1953, and the celebration of milestones such as her Silver, Golden and Diamond Jubilees in 1977, 2002, and 2012, respectively.


Premise: What type of soil does Alpenrose prefer?

Hypothesis: Above the tree line is the area defined as "alpine" where in the alpine meadow plants are found that have adapted well to harsh conditions of cold temperatures, aridity, and high altitudes.


Premise: How much did Seattle's foreign born population expand between 1990-2000?

Hypothesis: Additionally, the Seattle area had the highest percentage of self-identified mixed-race people of any large metropolitan area in the United States, according to the 2000 United States Census Bureau.


Premise: Who developed the spice trade initially?

Hypothesis: The spice trade initially was developed by Indian and Arab merchants, but it also brought Europeans to the region.


Premise: What file format is not supported by Sony Ericsson and Nokia?

Hypothesis: PC World says that iPod line has "altered the landscape for portable audio players".


Premise: Since what year has women's football been an Olympic event?

Hypothesis: The FIFA Women's World Cup was inaugurated in 1991 and has been held every four years since, while women's football has been an Olympic event since 1996.


Premise: Fighting continued on Leyte for how long?

Hypothesis: On 7 December U.S. Army units landed at Ormoc Bay and, after a major land and air battle, cut off the Japanese ability to reinforce and supply Leyte.


Premise: What types of trees grow near rivers in western Oklahoma?

Hypothesis: Where rainfall is sparse in the western regions of the state, shortgrass prairie and shrublands are the most prominent ecosystems, though pinyon pines, red cedar (junipers), and ponderosa pines grow near rivers and creek beds in the far western reaches of the panhandle.


Premise: During what Age was Iran the site of several of these ancient civilizations?

Hypothesis: During the Bronze Age, Iran was home to several civilizations including Elam, Jiroft, and Zayande River.


Premise: The cuisine of what territories are descended from Ottoman cuisine?

Hypothesis: Many common dishes in the region, descendants of the once-common Ottoman cuisine, include yogurt, döner kebab/gyro/shawarma, cacık/tzatziki, ayran, pita bread, feta cheese, baklava, lahmacun, moussaka, yuvarlak, köfte/keftés/kofta, börek/boureki, rakı/rakia/tsipouro/tsikoudia, meze, dolma, sarma, rice pilaf, Turkish coffee, sujuk, kashk, keşkek, manti, lavash, kanafeh, and more.


Premise: Do antibiotics mess with birth control pills?

Hypothesis: In cases where antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency of birth control pills, such as for the broad-spectrum antibacterial rifampicin, these cases may be due to an increase in the activities of hepatic liver enzymes' causing increased breakdown of the pill's active ingredients.


Premise: When did Nigeria have a fair presidential election?

Hypothesis: Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960, and plunged into a civil war from 1967 to 1970.


Premise: Why did Houston's economy have problems in the late 1980's?

Hypothesis: In the late 1980s, the city's economy suffered from the nationwide recession.


Premise: The Weather Channel entered into what with IBM?

Hypothesis: On October 28, 2015, IBM announced its acquisition of digital assets from The Weather Company—a holding company of Bain Capital, The Blackstone Group and NBCUniversal which owns The Weather Channel, including its weather data platforms (such as Weather Services International), websites (Weather.com and Weather Underground) and mobile apps.


Premise: What percent of the Bronx is Puerto Rican?

Hypothesis: In 2009, Hispanic and Latino Americans represented 52.0% of the Bronx's population.


Premise: What quality made LDs a consideration for videogames in the 1980s and 1990s?

Hypothesis: Similarly, the Pioneer Laseractive and Halcyon were introduced as home video game consoles that used LaserDisc media for their software.


Premise: How many square feet does Fitch Park provide?

Hypothesis: the Cubs also have another Mesa training facility called Fitch Park, this complex provides 25,000 square feet (2,300 m2) of team facilities, including major league clubhouse, four practice fields, one practice infield, enclosed batting tunnels, batting cages, a maintenance facility, and administrative offices for the Cubs.


Premise: How many Revolutionary War battles were fought around Philadelphia?

Hypothesis: Several battles were fought in and near Philadelphia as well.


Premise: In which year did the garden receive a makover with a water distribution system?

Hypothesis: The spirit of the neighborhood lives in gardens like this one, planted and tended by local residents.


Premise: What consequence of war were Parisians suffering?

Hypothesis: Bismarck agreed to end the siege and allow food convoys to immediately enter Paris (including trains carrying millions of German army rations), on condition that the Government of National Defence surrender several key fortresses outside Paris to the Prussians.


Premise: What was the state of Utrecht

Hypothesis: The Union of Utrecht is seen as the beginning of the Dutch Republic.


Premise: The packet schooner St Helena brought supplies of what to the island?

Hypothesis: Between 1815 and 1830, the EIC made available to the government of the island the packet schooner St Helena, which made multiple trips per year between the island and the Cape carrying passengers both ways, and supplies of wine and provisions back to the island.


Premise: What position was held by General MacArthur at this point in time?

Hypothesis: He then was posted as chief military aide to General MacArthur, Army Chief of Staff.


Premise: When was the bronze age?

Hypothesis: Bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, was the first alloy discovered, during the prehistoric period now known as the bronze age; it was harder than pure copper and originally used to make tools and weapons, but was later superseded by metals and alloys with better properties.


Premise: Which year is the earliest dated Greek lower-case text?

Hypothesis: The modern practice of capitalising the first letter of every sentence seems to be imported (and is rarely used when printing Ancient Greek materials even today).


Premise: Where did John march from?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, Alexander II invaded northern England again, taking Carlisle in August and then marching south to give homage to Prince Louis for his English possessions; John narrowly missed intercepting Alexander along the way.


Premise: What is an effect of using worn molds when casting records?

Hypothesis: The "orange peel" effect on vinyl records is caused by worn molds.


Premise: When did Europe abandon standard transmission?

Hypothesis: The first HDTV transmissions in Europe, albeit not direct-to-home, began in 1990, when the Italian broadcaster RAI used the HD-MAC and MUSE HDTV technologies to broadcast the 1990 FIFA World Cup.


Premise: What do the race categories in the US Census include in addition to race?

Hypothesis: The racial categories represent a social-political construct for the race or races that respondents consider themselves to be and "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country.


Premise: Who is responsible for day-to-day FBI operations?

Hypothesis: The FBI director is responsible for the day-to-day operations at the FBI.


Premise: What is happened in the US that did not happen in Brazil when slavery ended?

Hypothesis: The bitter and sometimes violent racial tensions that have divided the US are notably absent in Brazil.


Premise: When did Zhang Qian end his travels?

Hypothesis: These connections marked the beginning of the Silk Road trade network that extended to the Roman Empire, bringing Han items like silk to Rome and Roman goods such as glasswares to China.


Premise: What type of military vehicle was maintained almost 15 years but never saw any action during the Cuban crisis?

Hypothesis: Canadian soldiers, sailors, and aviators came to be considered world-class professionals through conspicuous service during these conflicts and the country's integral participation in NATO during the Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War, and in United Nations Peacekeeping operations, such as the Suez Crisis, Golan Heights, Cyprus, Croatia, Bosnia, Afghanistan, and Libya.


Premise: What method did Tennessee use for capital punishment before 1913?

Hypothesis: Before 1913 the method of execution was hanging.


Premise: How much did the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market cost?

Hypothesis: The Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market, in the West Bronx, is a shopping center that encompasses less than one million square feet of retail space, built on a 17 acres (7 ha) site that formerly held the Bronx Terminal Market, a wholesale fruit and vegetable market as well as the former Bronx House of Detention, south of Yankee Stadium.


Premise: When did modernism take place?

Hypothesis: A few authorities have claimed high-modernism as the beginning of postmodern music from about 1930.


Premise: In what year did the U.S. Congress afford Connecticut the deed to the site at Fort Hale in New Haven?

Hypothesis: After the American Revolutionary War broke out in 1776, the Connecticut colonial government ordered the construction of Black Rock Fort (to be built on top of an older 17th-century fort) to protect the port of New Haven.


Premise: 2013's The Last Stand marked Schwarzenegger's first starring role in how long?

Hypothesis: On July 11, 2011, it was announced that Schwarzenegger was considering a comeback film despite his legal problems.


Premise: What aren't considered valid when performed by other denominations?

Hypothesis: Jehovah's Witnesses do not practice infant baptism, and previous baptisms performed by other denominations are not considered valid.


Premise: Where did McCoy get lost?

Hypothesis: By contrast, Tom Wolfe's Bonfire of the Vanities (1987) portrays a wealthy, white protagonist, Sherman McCoy, getting lost off the Major Deegan Expressway in the South Bronx and having an altercation with locals.


Premise: When was this writing penned?

Hypothesis: Another instance of ancient humanism as an organised system of thought is found in the Gathas of Zarathustra, composed between 1,000 BCE – 600 BCE in Greater Iran.


Premise: The first feature of Coordinative definition involves what?

Hypothesis: Although we can, presumably, directly test the equality of length of two measuring rods when they are next to one another, we can not find out as much for two rods distant from one another.


Premise: When does the wet season in the Marshalls begin?

Hypothesis: Many Pacific typhoons begin as tropical storms in the Marshall Islands region, and grow stronger as they move west toward the Mariana Islands and the Philippines.


Premise: In what year was Apple sued for issues relating to its battery life?

Hypothesis: In 2003, class action lawsuits were brought against Apple complaining that the battery charges lasted for shorter lengths of time than stated and that the battery degraded over time.


Premise: What were the characteristics of state religious observances?

Hypothesis: The impressive, costly, and centralised rites to the deities of the Roman state were vastly outnumbered in everyday life by commonplace religious observances pertaining to an individual's domestic and personal deities, the patron divinities of Rome's various neighborhoods and communities, and the often idiosyncratic blends of official, unofficial, local and personal cults that characterised lawful Roman religion.


Premise: What sort of function are ribozymes capable of?

Hypothesis: The DNA sequences from which such RNAs are transcribed are known as non-coding RNA genes.


Premise: How many things did Microsoft alter after Release Preview?

Hypothesis: Relatively few changes were made from the Release Preview to the final version; these included updated versions of its pre-loaded apps, the renaming of Windows Explorer to File Explorer, the replacement of the Aero Glass theme from Windows Vista and 7 with a new flat and solid-colored theme, and the addition of new background options for the Start screen, lock screen, and desktop.


Premise: What general was fired for defying President Truman's containment strategy?

Hypothesis: However the United Nations intervened, naming Douglas MacArthur commander of its forces, and UN-US-ROK forces held a perimeter around Pusan, gaining time for reinforcement.


Premise: Which party does Barbara Sommer belong to?

Hypothesis: [...] it is difficult to understand why the Social Democratic Party of Germany wants to do away with the Gymnasium.


Premise: How many main viewpoints divide many philosophers?

Hypothesis: This second view, in the tradition of Gottfried Leibniz and Immanuel Kant, holds that space and time "do not exist in and of themselves, but ... are the product of the way we represent things", because we can know objects only as they appear to us.


Premise: What does the Catholic church considered "mixed" in a "mixed marriage"?

Hypothesis: Between the third and fourth sessions the pope announced reforms in the areas of Roman Curia, revision of Canon Law, regulations for mixed marriages involving several faiths, and birth control issues.


Premise: What does KSOG stand for?

Hypothesis: In response to the criticism of the Kinsey scale only measuring two dimensions of sexual orientation, Fritz Klein developed the Klein sexual orientation grid (KSOG), a multidimensional scale for describing sexual orientation.


Premise: Which record label was the soundtrack album released on?

Hypothesis: The soundtrack album was released on 23 October 2015 in the UK and 6 November 2015 in the USA on the Decca Records label.


Premise: When did the Iranian army push the Iraqis back into Iraq?

Hypothesis: Although the forces of Saddam Hussein made several early advances, by mid 1982, the Iranian forces successfully managed to drive the Iraqi army back into Iraq.


Premise: What country was Burma at war with with until 1855 ?

Hypothesis: Faced with a powerful China and a resurgent Ayutthaya in the east, King Bodawpaya turned west, acquiring Arakan (1785), Manipur (1814) and Assam (1817).


Premise: What are bhattis?

Hypothesis: Drinking and driving is illegal, and authorities have a zero tolerance policy.


Premise: What granted Holland and Zeeland the right to accept only one religion?

Hypothesis: Every other province had the freedom to regulate the religious question as it wished, although the Union stated every person should be free in the choice of personal religion and that no person should be prosecuted based on religious choice.


Premise: How many citizens in Israel are Jewish?

Hypothesis: The great majority of Israeli Arabs are Sunni Muslims, with smaller but significant numbers of semi-settled Negev Bedouins; the rest are Christians and Druze.


Premise: Who was the winner of American Idols sixth season?

Hypothesis: In the May 23 season finale, Jordin Sparks was declared the winner with the runner-up being Blake Lewis.


Premise: What is of the factors the capital cost of electrification system depends on?

Hypothesis: Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure.


Premise: How is lacquer distrubted on a CD?

Hypothesis: Edge protection lacquer is applied before the disc is finished.


Premise: What type of clay improves the characteristics of the pulps used in papermaking?

Hypothesis: Additives for sizing purposes may be mixed with it and/or applied to the paper web later in the manufacturing process; the purpose of such sizing is to establish the correct level of surface absorbency to suit ink or paint.


Premise: How long was the duration of the Securities Markets Programme to last?

Hypothesis: On 4 September 2014, the bank went further by announcing it would buy bonds and other debt instruments primarily from banks in a bid to boost the availability of credit for businesses.


Premise: When did Kanye take back his apology to Taylor Swift, saying that he was being "selfless"?

Hypothesis: He also revealed he had written a song for Swift and if she did not accept the song, he would perform it himself.


Premise: How much is being spent on a water purification plant at the Croton Watershed?

Hypothesis: As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbed natural water filtration system, New York is one of only four major cities in the United States the majority of whose drinking water is pure enough not to require purification by water treatment plants.


Premise: When did Garfinckel's begin operating in Washington?

Hypothesis: Washington, for example, after 1887 had Woodward & Lothrop and Garfinckel's starting in 1905.


Premise: What series of books does Gray say Bell would go to sleep reading?

Hypothesis: According to one of his biographers, Charlotte Gray, Bell's work ranged "unfettered across the scientific landscape" and he often went to bed voraciously reading the Encyclopædia Britannica, scouring it for new areas of interest.


Premise: Along with loyalty and honor, what virtue did the elite value?

Hypothesis: Only in Italy does it appear that women were always considered under the protection and control of a male relative.


Premise: Photo Gallery includes the ability to sort by age, color, or what other unusual criteria for photo software?

Hypothesis: The key feature of this application is that it can organize photos into groups according to various criteria.


Premise: What was Iran known as to the west?

Hypothesis: The use of the term Middle East as a region of international affairs apparently began in British and American diplomatic circles quite independently of each other over concern for the security of the same country: Iran, then known to the west as Persia.


Premise: Who was the commander of the American forces defending South Carolina?

Hypothesis: Col. Moultrie's men returned fire and inflicted heavy damage on several of the British ships.


Premise: Along with Jama Korshel, who led the Supreme Revolutionary Council?

Hypothesis: The SRC subsequently renamed the country the Somali Democratic Republic, dissolved the parliament and the Supreme Court, and suspended the constitution.


Premise: what type of dance music was later introduced alongside American house music?

Hypothesis: The earliest and influential UK house and techno record labels such as Warp Records and Network Records (otherwise known as Kool Kat records) helped introduce American and later Italian dance music to Britain as well as promoting select UK dance music acts.


Premise: In what year was Plymstock incorporated?

Hypothesis: After the war the city centre was completely rebuilt and subsequent expansion led to the incorporation of Plympton and Plymstock along with other outlying suburbs in 1967.


Premise: Along with the RSFSR, what republic received territory from the former Chechen-Ingush ASSR?

Hypothesis: The territory of the ASSR was divided between other administrative unit of Russian SFSR and the Georgian SSR.


Premise: Which emperor allowed Han migration to Dzungaria?

Hypothesis: Manchuria was originally separated from China proper by the Inner Willow Palisade, a ditch and embankment planted with willows intended to restrict the movement of the Han Chinese, as the area was off-limits to civilian Han Chinese until the government started colonizing the area, especially since the 1860s.


Premise: In what city are the New Jersey Devils located?

Hypothesis: The New York Islanders and the New York Rangers represent the city in the National Hockey League.


Premise: What has increased tourism to Tibet in recent years?

Hypothesis: In recent years, due to increased interest in Tibetan Buddhism, tourism has become an increasingly important sector, and is actively promoted by the authorities.


Premise: Hellenized Scythians were known as?

Hypothesis: These Hellenized Scythians were known as the "young Scythians".


Premise: What species saw its numbers rising while elephant numbers remained stable?

Hypothesis: Uganda recently did the same, arguing that "the share of benefits of sport hunting were lopsided and unlikely to deter poaching or improve [Uganda's] capacity to manage the wildlife reserves."


Premise: Who pioneered research that led to the new ANSI values?

Hypothesis: Originally, ASA values were frequently referred to as American standard speed numbers or ASA exposure-index numbers.


Premise: Where did Feynman work on the "Wateer Boiler"?

Hypothesis: He also did theoretical work and calculations on the proposed uranium hydride bomb, which later proved not to be feasible.


Premise: Which film had a wider release in the UK, Skyfall or Spectre?

Hypothesis: Following the announcement of the start of filming, Paramount Pictures brought forward the release of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation to avoid competing with Spectre.


Premise: Do I need a stadium to compete?

Hypothesis: Clubs in the next six levels (non-league football) are also eligible provided they have played in either the FA Cup, FA Trophy or FA Vase competitions in the previous season.


Premise: How many inventors came up with electric lamps before Thomas Edison?

Hypothesis: In addressing the question of who invented the incandescent lamp, historians Robert Friedel and Paul Israel list 22 inventors of incandescent lamps prior to Joseph Swan and Thomas Edison.


Premise: When does most of Egypts rain fall?

Hypothesis: A very small amount of snow fell on Cairo on 13 December 2013, the first time Cairo received snowfall in many decades.


Premise: A newspaper article criticized that there were not enough of what kind of person among the torchbearers?

Hypothesis: An article published on Macao Daily News criticized that the list of the torchbearers could not fully represent the Macanese and that there were too many non-athletes among the torchbearers.


Premise: Who was Seattle's , and the nation's, first female mayor?

Hypothesis: Seattle is considered the first major American city to elect a female mayor, Bertha Knight Landes.


Premise: What did Kaypro CP/M computers use?

Hypothesis: Operating systems such as DOS supported these code pages, and manufacturers of IBM PCs supported them in hardware.


Premise: What are the 2 main germ systems in the Ctenophora and the Cnidaria called?

Hypothesis: There are only two main germ layers, the ectoderm and endoderm, with only scattered cells between them.


Premise: When did France expel its original Jewish population?

Hypothesis: France's blended Jewish community is typical of the cultural recombination that is going on among Jews throughout the world.


Premise: Which group uses TDM as a metric?

Hypothesis: Countries which belong to the Southern/Mediterranean Europe are:


Premise: What does McTaggart believe space and time to be?

Hypothesis: Space, time and material objects are unreal.


Premise: What part in the paintings of Matisse did color play?

Hypothesis: I just try to find a color which corresponds to my feelings."


Premise: What is horizontal gene transfer?

Hypothesis: Gene transfer is particularly important in antibiotic resistance as it allows the rapid transfer of resistance genes between different pathogens.


Premise: Which movie previously had the highest earnings for its first seven days?

Hypothesis: In the film's first seven days it grossed £41.7 million ($63.8 million), breaking the UK record for highest first-week opening, set by Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban's £23.88 million ($36.9 million) in 2004.


Premise: What other divisions can be made of dialects?

Hypothesis: Western Catalan comprises the two dialects of Northwestern Catalan and Valencian; the Eastern block comprises four dialects: Central Catalan, Balearic, Rossellonese, and Alguerese.


Premise: What is Romanesque architecture known as in England?

Hypothesis: By the 12th century, Romanesque architecture (termed Norman architecture in England because of its association with the Norman invasion), was established throughout Europe and provided the basic architectural forms and units that were to remain in evolution throughout the Medieval period.


Premise: What have central banks around the world done to avoid the risk of a deflationary spiral?

Hypothesis: The U.S. Federal Reserve and central banks around the world have taken steps to expand money supplies to avoid the risk of a deflationary spiral, in which lower wages and higher unemployment lead to a self-reinforcing decline in global consumption.


Premise: Which three processes does phychology recognize as memory?

Hypothesis: In the first stage the information must be changed so that it may be put into the encoding process.


Premise: Rather than a definition, the text of the treaty is considered as what type of tool?

Hypothesis: As such the wording of the treaty is not intended to be a definition suitable as a research tool, and although it is used for this purpose, as it has an international legal credibility that others lack, other definitions have also been postulated.


Premise: Who is the ruler of the Congo?

Hypothesis: Multi-party elections have been held since 1992, although a democratically elected government was ousted in the 1997 Republic of the Congo Civil War and President Denis Sassou Nguesso has ruled for 26 of the past 36 years.


Premise: eSATA does not supply power to what?

Hypothesis: eSATA does not supply power to external devices.


Premise: What unit is used to measure current?

Hypothesis: This could be addressed by changing the matching system between the antenna and transmission line, but that solution only works well at the new design frequency.


Premise: What attracts planets and celestial items?

Hypothesis: However, the electromagnetic force attracts electrons and protons to one another, while planets and celestial objects are attracted to each other by gravity.


Premise: In what decade was Arsenal Stadium overhauled?

Hypothesis: The entire stadium was given a massive overhaul in the 1930s: new Art Deco West and East stands were constructed, opening in 1932 and 1936 respectively, and a roof was added to the North Bank terrace, which was bombed during the Second World War and not restored until 1954.


Premise: When was the Prussian language extinct?

Hypothesis: The former German state of Prussia took its name from the Baltic Prussians, although it was led by Germans who had assimilated the Old Prussians; the old Prussian language was extinct by the 17th or early 18th century.


Premise: From whom did the rulers of the Merovingian dynasty trace their ancestry?

Hypothesis: The Frankish kingdom in northern Gaul split into kingdoms called Austrasia, Neustria, and Burgundy during the 6th and 7th centuries, all of them ruled by the Merovingian dynasty, who were descended from Clovis.


Premise: When did Digimon first appear?

Hypothesis: The franchise gained momentum with its first anime incarnation, Digimon Adventure, and an early video game, Digimon World, both released in 1999.


Premise: How many cyclones effected Tuvalu during the 1996-97  cyclone season?

Hypothesis: Cyclone Gavin was first identified during 2 March 1997, and was the first of three tropical cyclones to affect Tuvalu during the 1996–97 cyclone season with Cyclones Hina and Keli following later in the season.


Premise: What new security features does Windows 8 have?

Hypothesis: Windows 8 introduced major changes to the operating system's platform and user interface to improve its user experience on tablets, where Windows was now competing with mobile operating systems, including Android and iOS.


Premise: What is inserted in software as audio codecs?

Hypothesis: Lossy audio compression algorithms provide higher compression at the cost of fidelity and are used in numerous audio applications.


Premise: What lacquer is bitumen used to make for iron and steel production?

Hypothesis: Asphalt/bitumen is used to make Japan black, a lacquer known especially for its use on iron and steel, and it is also used in paint and marker inks by some graffiti supply companies to increase the weather resistance and permanence of the paint or ink, and to make the color much darker.[citation needed] Asphalt/bitumen is also used to seal some alkaline batteries during the manufacturing process.


Premise: What court ruled the claim of climate change refugee to be untenable?

Hypothesis: Indeed, in 2013 a claim of a Kiribati man of being a "climate change refugee" under the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (1951) was determined by the New Zealand High Court to be untenable as there was no persecution or serious harm related to any of the five stipulated Refugee Convention grounds.


Premise: What is a name for the genetic material found within chloroplasts?

Hypothesis: So although these organisms contain chloroplasts or mitochondria that have their own DNA, the genetic information contained by DNA within these organelles is not considered part of the genome.


Premise: What precomposed character represents the small latin e with an accent?

Hypothesis: Multiple combining diacritics may be stacked over the same character.


Premise: What means "three baskets"?

Hypothesis: The Pāli Tipitaka, which means "three baskets", refers to the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka.


Premise: Why is there an East End/West End rivalry?

Hypothesis: The East End versus West End rivalry resulted from the locations of the St. George's Garrison (the original army headquarters in Bermuda) on Barrack Hill, St. George's, and the Royal Naval Dockyard at Ireland Island.


Premise: What is the most popular method for making high-intensity white LEDs?

Hypothesis: Due to the simplicity of manufacturing the phosphor method is still the most popular method for making high-intensity white LEDs.


Premise: How many closed pubs did The Lost Pubs Project catalog?

Hypothesis: In 2015 the rate of pub closures came under the scrutiny of Parliament in the UK, with a promise of legislation to improve relations between owners and tenants.


Premise: Who did he introduce Bulgarian pilgrims to?

Hypothesis: Roncalli took up this post in 1935 and used his office to help the Jewish underground in saving thousands of refugees in Europe, leading some to consider him to be a Righteous Gentile (see Pope John XXIII and Judaism).


Premise: What did Bell  instruct his dog to do?

Hypothesis: After he taught it to growl continuously, Bell would reach into its mouth and manipulate the dog's lips and vocal cords to produce a crude-sounding "Ow ah oo ga ma ma".


Premise: What fictional character was Feynman compared to by a colleague?

Hypothesis: He was surprised to learn that the same teaching devices were not useful with Michelle.


Premise: What happened to Francis after his attempt to shoot Victoria?

Hypothesis: The following day, Victoria drove the same route, though faster and with a greater escort, in a deliberate attempt to provoke Francis to take a second aim and catch him in the act.


Premise: In which region of land was the Serbo-Croat language referred to as "Bosnian"?

Hypothesis: Unofficially, Serbs and Croats typically called the language "Serbian" or "Croatian", respectively, without implying a distinction between the two, and again in independent Bosnia and Herzegovina, "Bosnian", "Croatian", and "Serbian" were considered to be three names of a single official language.


Premise: On October 16, 2008, how long did UBS predict the United States' recession would last?

Hypothesis: Investment bank UBS stated on October 6 that 2008 would see a clear global recession, with recovery unlikely for at least two years.


Premise: When did Madonna released her second clothing line?

Hypothesis: In November 2011, Madonna and MG Icon announced the release of a second fashion brand called Truth or Dare by Madonna to include footwear, underclothing, and accessories.


Premise: Where is the Valais located?

Hypothesis: Some of the valleys are quite arid such as the Aosta valley in Italy, the Maurienne in France, the Valais in Switzerland, and northern Tyrol.


Premise: What does NMEs stand for?

Hypothesis: In 2010 18 NMEs (New Molecular Entities) were approved and three biologics by the FDA, or 21 in total, which is down from 26 in 2009 and 24 in 2008.


Premise: What were the total revenues of the Premier League in the 2009-10 season?

Hypothesis: The Premier League has the highest revenue of any football league in the world, with total club revenues of €2.48 billion in 2009–10.


Premise: When was his last full day in Venice?

Hypothesis: Following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October.


Premise: Fossils found in the Tonian period indicate the presence of what creatures?

Hypothesis: Trace fossils such as tracks and burrows found in the Tonian period indicate the presence of triploblastic worms, like metazoans, roughly as large (about 5 mm wide) and complex as earthworms.


Premise: What surrounds the Sichuan basin to the South?

Hypothesis: The Sichuan basin is surrounded by the Himalayas to the west, the Qin Mountains to the north, and mountainous areas of Yunnan to the south.


Premise: Roughly how many people are part of EmoNet?

Hypothesis: The list was established in January 1997 and has over 700 members from across the globe.


Premise: How many servants did William Adams have?

Hypothesis: He finally wrote "God hath provided for me after my great misery", (Letters) by which he meant the disaster-ridden voyage that initially brought him to Japan.


Premise: Which group provides opportunities for Eastern Europe and Asia exchange students?

Hypothesis: The Soros Foundation provides many opportunities for students from central Asia and eastern Europe.


Premise: Maria Deraismes and who else started a mixed masonic lodge?

Hypothesis: Having failed to achieve acceptance from any masonic governing body, she and Georges Martin started a mixed masonic lodge that actually worked masonic ritual.


Premise: when did the DJ International Tour take place?

Hypothesis: The tour in March 1987[citation needed] of Knuckles, Jefferson, Fingers Inc.


Premise: What does VASI stand for?

Hypothesis: In poor weather, pilots will use an instrument landing system (ILS) to find the runway and fly the correct approach, even if they cannot see the ground.


Premise: What can cause symptoms and asthma serverity to change?

Hypothesis: Smoking during pregnancy and after delivery is associated with a greater risk of asthma-like symptoms.


Premise: What sought to reset the ecclesiastical separation which had characterized the old Baptist churches?

Hypothesis: Southern Baptist Landmarkism sought to reset the ecclesiastical separation which had characterized the old Baptist churches, in an era when inter-denominational union meetings were the order of the day.


Premise: What did the city hall used to be known as?

Hypothesis: As for French Neo-classicism, it is the Opera House on Place Broglie that most prestigiously represents this style.


Premise: What type of debt did "clean slate" decrees cancel?

Hypothesis: According to Hudson, the purpose of these decrees was to prevent debts mounting to a degree that they threatened fighting force which could happen if peasants lost the subsistence land or became bondservants due to the inability to repay the debt.


Premise: In what year did the Battle of Nezib take place?

Hypothesis: The Ottoman army lost to Egyptians at the Battle of Nezib on June 24, 1839.


Premise: What are the two most common reasons one Grand Lodge will withhold recognition from another?

Hypothesis: When two Grand Lodges recognise and are in Masonic communication with each other, they are said to be in amity, and the brethren of each may visit each other's Lodges and interact Masonically.


Premise: What notable document was authored by Thomas Jefferson in 1786?

Hypothesis: A permanent home for the new government, the Virginia State Capitol building, was designed by Thomas Jefferson with the assistance of Charles-Louis Clérisseau, and was completed in 1788.


Premise: When does the spread of antibacterial resistance frequently occurs/

Hypothesis: Cross-resistance to several antibacterials may also occur when a resistance mechanism encoded by a single gene conveys resistance to more than one antibacterial compound.


Premise: Neoptera can be divided into what kind of "based" group?

Hypothesis: For example, the Paraneoptera have turned out to be more closely related to the Endopterygota than to the rest of the Exopterygota.


Premise: Some of the positive aspects of youtube might be that it provides what on a scale we've never seen before?

Hypothesis: In 2006, Time praised Web 2.0 for enabling "community and collaboration on a scale never seen before", and added that YouTube "harnesses the stupidity of crowds as well as its wisdom.


Premise: Feynman visited his wife in which New Mexico city?

Hypothesis: He left a series of notes in the cabinets as a prank, which initially spooked his colleague, Frederic de Hoffmann, into thinking a spy or saboteur had gained access to atomic bomb secrets.


Premise: What kind of occupation do Hindu scriptures describe hunting as being?

Hypothesis: Even figures considered godly are described to have engaged in hunting.


Premise: Of what element of Barcelona's board did Espanyol disapprove?

Hypothesis: Blanc-i-blaus, being one of the clubs granted royal patronage, was founded exclusively by Spanish football fans, unlike the multinational nature of Barça's primary board.


Premise: What clause are both elected officials and appointed ones covered by?

Hypothesis: The "religious test" clause has been interpreted to cover both elected officials and appointed ones, career civil servants as well as political appointees.


Premise: During what period of time was Victor Hugo exiled from France?

Hypothesis: One of the most popular of all French writers, Jules Verne, worked at the Theatre Lyrique and the Paris stock exchange, while he did research for his stories at the National Library.


Premise: What is capitalization commonly use to indicate in poetry independent of any grammatical feature?

Hypothesis: In some traditional forms of poetry, capitalisation has conventionally been used as a marker to indicate the beginning of a line of verse independent of any grammatical feature.


Premise: What did Gaddafi do in 1973?

Hypothesis: In September 1971, Gaddafi resigned, claiming to be dissatisfied with the pace of reform, but returned to his position within a month.


Premise: Who translated written works into Chinese?

Hypothesis: A Roman embassy of Emperor Marcus Aurelius (r. 161–180 AD) is recorded in the Hou Hanshu to have reached the court of Emperor Huan of Han (r. AD 146–168) in AD 166, yet Rafe de Crespigny asserts that this was most likely a group of Roman merchants.


Premise: how many ghost towns are in the state of Kansas?

Hypothesis: In addition, the smaller school-age population has forced the consolidation of school districts and the closure of high schools in some communities.


Premise: What is now limited to ceremonial uses?

Hypothesis: This process resulted in a highly complex system that was never mastered by more than 5% of the population.


Premise: What new name did the Free Officers take?

Hypothesis: According to Aburish, after assuming power, Nasser and the Free Officers expected to become the "guardians of the people's interests" against the monarchy and the pasha class while leaving the day-to-day tasks of government to civilians.


Premise: Where is Ye Olde Salutation Inn located?

Hypothesis: Ye Olde Man & Scythe in Bolton, Lancashire, is mentioned by name in a charter of 1251, but the current building is dated 1631.


Premise: What does UTF-8 use in terms of bytes?

Hypothesis: UTF-8 uses one byte for any ASCII character, all of which have the same code values in


Premise: On what date was Comcast's purchase of controlling interest in NBCUniversal reported?

Hypothesis: On February 12, 2013, Comcast announced an intention to acquire the remaining 49% of General Electric's interest in NBCUniversal, which Comcast completed on March 19, 2013.


Premise: Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra at which battle?

Hypothesis: Virgil and Maecenas are said to have taken turns reading the Georgics to Octavian upon his return from defeating Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC.


Premise: When does Laulupidu occur?

Hypothesis: Since 1928, the Tallinn Song Festival Grounds (Lauluväljak) have hosted the event every five years in July.


Premise: What was the first song released by Candice Glover after winning American Idol?

Hypothesis: Glover released "I Am Beautiful" as a single while Harrison released


Premise: Hammer and others recently aimed to test what claim about how closely related present-day Jews are to what group?

Hypothesis: Hammer et al. found that the degree of genetic similarity among Jews shifted depending on the locus investigated, and suggested that this was the result of natural selection acting on particular loci.


Premise: Who taught the skills needed for the children to work?

Hypothesis: Most pre-industrial skill and knowledge were amenable to being passed down through direct mentoring or apprenticing by competent adults.


Premise: How are Christmas colored light bulbs created?

Hypothesis: Other kinds of colored bulbs are also made, including the various colors used for "party bulbs", Christmas tree lights and other decorative lighting.


Premise: How do the senses affect causal efficacy?

Hypothesis: " It is, in other words, the sense of causal relations between entities, a feeling of being influenced and affected by the surrounding environment, unmediated by the senses.


Premise: What part of Oklahoma does the Flint Hills reach into?

Hypothesis: Contained within the U.S. Interior Highlands region, the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains mark the only major mountainous region between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians.


Premise: What does the Opening of the Triodion derive from?

Hypothesis: In Greece Carnival is also known as the Apokriés (Greek: Αποκριές, "saying goodbye to meat"), or the season of the "Opening of the Triodion", so named after the liturgical book used by the church from then until Holy Week.


Premise: John felt Langton was overly influenced by what?

Hypothesis: He complained both about the choice of Langton as an individual, as John felt he was overly influenced by the Capetian court in Paris, and about the process as a whole.


Premise: Which Secretary of State attended Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: A number of university heads are alumni, including Notre Dame's current president, the Rev. John Jenkins.


Premise: Who has the only Reformed church?

Hypothesis: Tuvalu has the only established church in Reformed tradition in the world, while Tonga—in the Methodist tradition.


Premise: When John Hunyadi died, which province was left in chaos?

Hypothesis: However the premature death of the Hungarian Lord left Pannonia defenseless and in chaos.


Premise: What did Russia fail to build south?

Hypothesis: Despite its grand ambitions toward the south, it had not built its railroad network in that direction, and communications were poor.


Premise: Recipients of aid are concerned about what?

Hypothesis: Access to aid may be limited to those with connections, to those who pay bribes or are forced to give sexual favors.


Premise: How much does Hormuud Telecom gross per year?

Hypothesis: There are presently around 25 mainlines per 1,000 persons, and the local availability of telephone lines (tele-density) is higher than in neighboring countries; three times greater than in adjacent Ethiopia.


Premise: What is the 2nd-largest Oklahoma newspaper?

Hypothesis: The Tulsa World, the second most widely circulated newspaper in Oklahoma and 79th in the nation, holds a Sunday circulation of 132,969 and a weekday readership of 93,558.


Premise: How many passengers travel by Palermo ferry annually?

Hypothesis: From here ferries link Palermo to Cagliari, Genoa, Livorno, Naples, Tunis and other cities and carry a total of almost 2 million passengers annually.


Premise: The Peace Pagoda built in New Delhi by the Nipponzan Myohoji contained what type of artifacts?

Hypothesis: In 2007, the Japanese Buddhist organisation Nipponzan Myohoji decided to build a Peace Pagoda in the city containing Buddha relics.


Premise: A council of how many barons was created to monitor John's future adherence to the charter?

Hypothesis: A council of twenty-five barons would be created to monitor and ensure John's future adherence to the charter, whilst the rebel army would stand down and London would be surrendered to the king.


Premise: Who held authority over Roman Catholic holy places after Sultan Abdülmecid I agreed to the new treaty?

Hypothesis: Thus, France's show of force presented a real threat, and when combined with aggressive diplomacy and money, induced the Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid I to accept a new treaty, confirming France and the Roman Catholic Church as the supreme Christian authority with control over the Roman Catholic holy places and possession of the keys to the Church of the Nativity, previously held by the Greek Orthodox Church.:20


Premise: What is included in the elevator's design?

Hypothesis: The elevator has no ceiling and its shaft is decorated to look like walls of a mansion.


Premise: What ranking in the country does Greater Boston metro hold as far as economy?

Hypothesis: A global city, Boston is placed among the top 30 most economically powerful cities in the world.


Premise: What type of tree was the Bodhi Tree?

Hypothesis: At the age of 35, he famously sat in meditation under a Ficus religiosa tree now called the Bodhi Tree in the town of Bodh Gaya and vowed not to rise before achieving enlightenment.


Premise: Where did Europeans come into contact with other groups?

Hypothesis: In this way the idea of race as we understand it today came about during the historical process of exploration and conquest which brought Europeans into contact with groups from different continents, and of the ideology of classification and typology found in the natural sciences.


Premise: How does White deal with his condition?

Hypothesis: He admits to growing disenchanted with Quantum and tells Bond to find and protect his daughter, Dr. Madeline Swann, who will take him to L'Américain; this will in turn lead him to Spectre.


Premise: Who ranked New York as the fashion capital of the world?

Hypothesis: New York has also frequently been ranked the top fashion capital of the world on the annual list compiled by the Global Language Monitor.


Premise: When did Britain finish paying back the US loan?

Hypothesis: The "wind of change" ultimately meant that the British Empire's days were numbered, and on the whole, Britain adopted a policy of peaceful disengagement from its colonies once stable, non-Communist governments were available to transfer power to.


Premise: Increased aggresiveness and early sexual maturation in adolescent boys are due to a surge of what?

Hypothesis: Studies have shown that early maturing boys are more likely to be sexually active and are more likely to participate in risky behaviors.


Premise: What countries are recognized as Nuclear Weapons States?

Hypothesis: They are also the only recognized "Nuclear Weapons States" under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, and maintain military expenditures which are among the largest in the world.


Premise: By what year was the school in Oxford completed?

Hypothesis: The "visitation" was a section of the province through which visitors to each priory could describe the state of its religious life and its studies to the next chapter.


Premise: What causes the government to exert greater control over broadcast media than print media?

Hypothesis: The Swiss Broadcasting Corporation, whose name was recently changed to SRG SSR, is charged with the production and broadcast of radio and television programs.


Premise: when was the first beta test for the youtube site?

Hypothesis: YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005.


Premise: What are Moraines?

Hypothesis: Glaciers pick up rocks and sediment with them as they flow.


Premise: What type of system did he develop?

Hypothesis: He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy.


Premise: Who wrote the poem Baseball's Sad Lexicon?

Hypothesis: During this period, which has become known as baseball's dead-ball era, Cub infielders Joe Tinker, Johnny Evers, and Frank Chance were made famous as a double-play combination by Franklin P. Adams' poem Baseball's Sad Lexicon.


Premise: What did the ceasefire guaranteed?

Hypothesis: The ceasefire guaranteed 30% of ministerial positions would go to the opposition.


Premise: What do stone curlews use to punch and hammer opponents?

Hypothesis: Swans, for instance, may strike with the bony spurs and bite when defending eggs or young.


Premise: How did Nasser react to the news the the US and UK had blocked construction of th Aswan Dam?

Hypothesis: Nasser was informed of the British–American withdrawal via a news statement while aboard a plane returning to Cairo from Belgrade, and took great offense.


Premise: What rival league did the Spokane Shock join?

Hypothesis: On September 1, 2015, the Spokane Shock officially left the AFL and joined the IFL under the new name Spokane Empire, becoming the fifth active AFL/af2 franchise to leave for the IFL since bankruptcy (Iowa Barnstormers, Tri-Cities Fever, Green Bay Blizzard and Arkansas Twisters—now the Texas Revolution—left previously).


Premise: What year did the Kingdom of Prussia become the leading state of the German Empire?

Hypothesis: The Kingdom of Prussia became the leading state of the German Empire after its creation in 1871.


Premise: What was Athanasius accused of planning against the Arians?

Hypothesis: Athanasius's first problem lay with Meletius of Lycopolis and his followers, who had failed to abide by the First Council of Nicaea.


Premise: Which company produced the Aroctor 1254 and Aroctor 1260?

Hypothesis: Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1260, made by Monsanto was the primary contaminant of the pollution.


Premise: Who noted that Gaddafi made long speeches?

Hypothesis: Although Bianco thought he had a "gift for oratory", he was considered a poor orator by biographers Blundy and Lycett.


Premise: What 1982 publication listed regular family dogs under wolves?

Hypothesis: In 1982, the first edition of Mammal Species of the World listed Canis familiaris under Canis lupus with the comment: "Probably ancestor of and conspecific with the domestic dog, familiaris.


Premise: What region produced several writing systems independent of other areas of the world?

Hypothesis: The development of writing is counted among the many achievements and innovations of pre-Columbian American cultures.


Premise: What percentage of the population was born outside the United States?

Hypothesis: In New York, no single country or region of origin dominates.


Premise: During which seasons are Melbourne's temperature differentials most pronounced?

Hypothesis: This temperature differential is most pronounced in the spring and summer months and can cause very strong cold fronts to form.


Premise: What percentage of category 4 storms hit Florida

Hypothesis: Of the category 4 or higher storms that have struck the United States, 83% have either hit Florida or Texas.


Premise: What is deism?

Hypothesis: Deism holds that God is wholly transcendent: God exists, but does not intervene in the world beyond what was necessary to create it.


Premise: Who did Waldemar Gurian receive his tutelage under while seeking his doctorate?

Hypothesis: Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler.


Premise: What rulings do American courts rarely follow?

Hypothesis: However, it is important to understand that despite the presence of reception statutes, much of contemporary American common law has diverged significantly from English common law.


Premise: What did Watch Tower Society literature tell Jehovah's Witnesses they should never seek?

Hypothesis: Whalen, Harrison and Schnell have suggested Rutherford invited and cultivated opposition for publicity purposes in a bid to attract dispossessed members of society, and to convince members that persecution from the outside world was evidence of the truth of their struggle to serve God.


Premise: Which system of measurement was standardized?

Hypothesis: Under Governor Miguel Ahumada, the education system in the state was unified and brought under tighter control by the state government, and the metric system was standardized throughout the state to replace the colonial system of weights and measures.


Premise: Approximately how many people were executed during the Reign of Terror?

Hypothesis: The property of the aristocracy and the church was nationalised, and the city's churches were closed, sold or demolished.


Premise: What is the name of this U.S state that could possibly form a union with Guam?

Hypothesis: Other movements advocate U.S. statehood for Guam, union with the state of Hawaii, union with the Northern Mariana Islands as a single territory, or independence.


Premise: When was the emergence of the Greek spoken dialect believed to have started ?

Hypothesis: Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people have always been centered around the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age.


Premise: What body of the federal government credits New Haven resident Louis Lassen with inventing the hamburger and steak sandwich?

Hypothesis: A second New Haven gastronomical claim to fame is Louis' Lunch, which is located in a small brick building on Crown Street and has been serving fast food since 1895.


Premise: In the book Fowle wrote, what is the entire region considered?

Hypothesis: It proved to be less acceptable to a colonial point of view that saw the entire region as one.


Premise: In what year were Zucchet's seven out of nine counts acquitted?

Hypothesis: In 2005 two city council members, Ralph Inzunza and Deputy Mayor Michael Zucchet – who briefly took over as acting mayor when Murphy resigned – were convicted of extortion, wire fraud, and conspiracy to commit wire fraud for taking campaign contributions from a strip club owner and his associates, allegedly in exchange for trying to repeal the city's "no touch" laws at strip clubs.


Premise: In what year was the Greater London Council formed?

Hypothesis: Primarily starting in the mid-1960s, London became a centre for the worldwide youth culture, exemplified by the Swinging London subculture associated with the King's Road, Chelsea and Carnaby Street.


Premise: What is an ancient tradition in most Alpine countries?

Hypothesis: Cheesemaking is an ancient tradition in most Alpine countries.


Premise: How did Wallace claim that patterns in the distribution of species could be explained?

Hypothesis: Charles Lyell recognised the implications of Wallace's paper and its possible connection to Darwin's work, although Darwin did not, and in a letter written on 1–2 May 1856 Lyell urged Darwin to publish his theory to establish priority.


Premise: Who did Raskin immediately hire to help him on the Apple project in 1979?

Hypothesis: Raskin was authorized to start hiring for the project in September 1979, and he immediately asked his long-time colleague, Brian Howard, to join him.


Premise: In what year did the Ostrogoths settle in the Roman Empire?

Hypothesis: These invasions by the tribes completely changed the political and demographic nature of what had been the Western Roman Empire.


Premise: What is Maria Shriver's relation to President John F. Kennedy

Hypothesis: The Rev. John Baptist Riordan performed the ceremony at St. Francis Xavier Catholic Church.


Premise: What city did Hitler give a speech where he said he would erase British cities?

Hypothesis: Regardless of the ability of the Luftwaffe to win air superiority, Adolf Hitler was frustrated that it was not happening quickly enough.


Premise: What year was the Academy of Science in France founded?

Hypothesis: The history of Academies in France during the Enlightenment begins with the Academy of Science, founded in 1635 in Paris.


Premise: To whom is the Golden Boot award given to?

Hypothesis: Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 14 different players from 10 different clubs have won or shared the top scorers title.


Premise: What streaming service broadcast AFL games that were not on NFL Network?

Hypothesis: All AFL games not on the NFL Network could be seen for free online, provided by Ustream.


Premise: What is considered the inspired, inerrant word of God?

Hypothesis: The entire Protestant canon of scripture is considered the inspired, inerrant word of God.


Premise: Where did David Jones and Charles Appleton meet?

Hypothesis: David Jones was started by David Jones, a Welsh merchant who met Hobart businessman Charles Appleton in London.


Premise: What could be adjusted in a sample of pancreatic extract to produce purer insulin?

Hypothesis: Chemist George Walden of Eli Lilly and Company found that careful adjustment of the pH of the extract allowed a relatively pure grade of insulin to be produced.


Premise: Where is the National Training Center located?

Hypothesis: Collective training at the unit level takes place at the unit's assigned station, but the most intensive training at higher echelons is conducted at the three combat training centers (CTC); the National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California, the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) at Fort Polk, Louisiana, and the Joint Multinational Training Center (JMRC) at the Hohenfels Training Area in Hohenfels, Germany.


Premise: What years had the most intense competition between securitizers and the lowest market share for GSEs?

Hypothesis: In the view of some analysts, the relatively conservative government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) policed mortgage originators and maintained relatively high underwriting standards prior to 2003.


Premise: The imaginary audience and personal fable peak at what age?

Hypothesis: These likely peak at age fifteen, along with self-consciousness in general.


Premise: What name did Kanye's early production style coin.

Hypothesis: He has further described musician David Bowie as one of his "most important inspirations," and named producer Puff Daddy as the "most important cultural figure in my life.


Premise: How many institutes of technology in the Netherlands have converted into full-fledged universities in the past few decades?

Hypothesis: In the Netherlands, four former institutes of technology have become universities over the past decades.


Premise: renaissance humanism was antagonistic to what?

Hypothesis: Renaissance humanism took a close study of the Latin and Greek classical texts, and was antagonistic to the values of scholasticism with its emphasis on the accumulated commentaries; and humanists were involved in the sciences, philosophies, arts and poetry of classical antiquity.


Premise: If Neptune formed closer to the sun, what is the matter density?

Hypothesis: An alternative concept is that they formed closer to the Sun, where the matter density was higher, and then subsequently migrated to their current orbits after the removal of the gaseous protoplanetary disc.


Premise: What is a common problem in antibiotic use?

Hypothesis: This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country".


Premise: What are traditional sources of funding for parties?

Hypothesis: Money and gifts-in-kind to a party, or its leading members, may be offered as incentives.


Premise: What percentage of human communication occurs through nonverbal facial expressions?

Hypothesis: Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages.


Premise: When did the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources  come into force?

Hypothesis: The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), a treaty that came into force in 1980, requires that regulations managing all Southern Ocean fisheries consider potential effects on the entire Antarctic ecosystem.


Premise: What was the first compact Mac with a 20 MB internal hard drive and an expansion slot?

Hypothesis: The Macintosh SE was released at the same time as the Macintosh II for $2900 (or $3900 with hard drive), as the first compact Mac with a 20 MB internal hard drive and an expansion slot.


Premise: What is not always respected in popular use?

Hypothesis: Other types of infectious/transmissible/communicable diseases with more specialized routes of infection, such as vector transmission or sexual transmission, are usually not regarded as "contagious", and often do not require medical isolation (sometimes loosely called quarantine) of victims.


Premise: What was Issac Backus' profession?

Hypothesis: In 1773, Isaac Backus, a prominent Baptist minister in New England, wrote against a state sanctioned religion, saying: "Now who can hear Christ declare, that his kingdom is, not of this world, and yet believe that this blending of church and state together can be pleasing to him?"


Premise: What make up the oracle during testing?

Hypothesis: Although testing can determine the correctness of software under the assumption of some specific hypotheses (see hierarchy of testing difficulty below), testing cannot identify all the defects within software.


Premise: What happens when companies outsource?

Hypothesis: Some of these estimates also take into account the opportunity cost of investing capital many years before revenues are realized (see Time-value of money).


Premise: What does the term LDL stand for?

Hypothesis: In order to avoid all the dangers of sugar, moderate consumption is paramount.


Premise: What type of study uses medical imaging techniques to correlate changes in brain structure?

Hypothesis: In recent years, the development of immunostaining techniques has allowed investigation of neurons that express specific sets of genes.


Premise: What was the largest ship constructed in Antiquity?

Hypothesis: Demetrius Poliorcetes was notorious for the large siege engines employed in his campaigns, especially during the 12-month siege of Rhodes when he had Epimachos of Athens build a massive 160 ton siege tower named Helepolis, filled with artillery.


Premise: In which year did his wife die?

Hypothesis: In 1946, Feynman wrote a letter to her, expressing his deep love and heartbreak, that he kept for the rest of his life.


Premise: What percentage of copper do the deposits have that are extracted?

Hypothesis: The amount of copper in use is increasing and the quantity available is barely sufficient to allow all countries to reach developed world levels of usage.


Premise: What has been humans' best adaptation in food production?

Hypothesis: Following the invention of agriculture, hunter-gatherers have been displaced or conquered by farming or pastoralist groups in most parts of the world.


Premise: Along with criminal law, what facet of law considers evidence related to emotion?

Hypothesis: In law, which underpins civil obedience, politics, economics and society, evidence about people's emotions is often raised in tort law claims for compensation and in criminal law prosecutions against alleged lawbreakers (as evidence of the defendant's state of mind during trials, sentencing, and parole hearings).


Premise: What war led to the increased popularity of institutes of technology and polytechnics?

Hypothesis: The institutes of technology and polytechnics have been in existence since at least the 18th century, but became popular after World War II with the expansion of engineering and applied science education, associated with the new needs created by industrialization.


Premise: In what year was the Brown Fellowship Society created?

Hypothesis: In 1790, they established the Brown Fellowship Society for mutual aid, initially as a burial society.


Premise: When did France expel its original Jewish population?

Hypothesis: Although France expelled its original Jewish population in the Middle Ages, by the time of the French Revolution, there were two distinct Jewish populations.


Premise: Where was the center of the Crown of Aragon?

Hypothesis: During this period, the language was what Costa Carreras terms "one of the 'great languages' of medieval Europe".


Premise: What did the Z3 operate for a clock frequency?

Hypothesis: The Z3 was built with 2000 relays, implementing a 22 bit word length that operated at a clock frequency of about 5–10 Hz.


Premise: At around what RMP do miniature grinders operate?

Hypothesis: Whereas SCIMs cannot turn a shaft faster than allowed by the power line frequency, universal motors can run at much higher speeds.


Premise: What is the official dress code today at Buckingham Palace?

Hypothesis: Today, there is no official dress code.


Premise: What league are the Montreal Expos in?

Hypothesis: The two Canadian MLB teams, the Toronto Blue Jays of the American League and the Montreal Expos of the National League, met annually to play the Pearson Cup exhibition game; this tradition ended when the Expos moved to Washington DC for the 2005 season.


Premise: At what cross streets, marking the center of the Hospital Green of Yale - New Haven Hospital, do food carts congregate on weekdays?

Hypothesis: Popular farmers' markets, managed by the local non-profit CitySeed, set up shop weekly in several neighborhoods, including Westville/Edgewood Park, Fair Haven, Upper State Street, Wooster Square, and Downtown/New Haven Green.


Premise: What does the body interpret from the gene feedback loop?

Hypothesis: Their interactions result in an interlocked feedback loop of gene products resulting in periodic fluctuations that the cells of the body interpret as a specific time of the day.[citation needed]


Premise: What was Israel's debt surplus in December 2015?

Hypothesis: Israel has one of the lowest external debts in the developed world, and is a net lender in terms of net external debt (the total value of assets vs. liabilities in debt instruments owed abroad), which in December 2015[update] stood at a surplus of US$118 billion.


Premise: Does slow or rapid growth make relatively porous, light wood?

Hypothesis: In ring-porous woods of good growth it is usually the latewood in which the thick-walled, strength-giving fibers are most abundant.


Premise: Why had German raids decreased between 1916-1918?

Hypothesis: The attitude of the Air Ministry was in contrast to the experiences of the First World War when a few German bombers caused physical and psychological damage out of all proportion to their numbers.


Premise: What is the name of the naval base the US leased from a newly independent Cuba?

Hypothesis: However, it was too oriented to small posts in the West and not as well-prepared for an overseas conflict.


Premise: What is samsara?

Hypothesis: Within Buddhism, samsara is defined as the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death that arises from ordinary beings' grasping and fixating on a self and experiences.


Premise: Villa stepped out of whose foreign policy?

Hypothesis: Whether trying to please the U.S. government or through the diplomatic efforts of Sommerfeld and Carothers, or maybe as a result of both, Villa stepped out from under Carranza’s stated foreign policy.


Premise: What did the war result in?

Hypothesis: Israel joined a secret alliance with Great Britain and France and overran the Sinai Peninsula but was pressured to withdraw by the United Nations in return for guarantees of Israeli shipping rights in the Red Sea via the Straits of Tiran and the Canal[citation needed].


Premise: What does organozinc chemisty describe?

Hypothesis: In presence of just about any water the formation of the organomagnesium halide will fail, whereas the Barbier reaction can even take place in water.


Premise: What is souvlaki?

Hypothesis: Other traditional delicacies of are meat marinated in dried coriander seeds and wine, and eventually dried and smoked, such as lountza (smoked pork loin), charcoal-grilled lamb, souvlaki (pork and chicken cooked over charcoal), and sheftalia (minced meat wrapped in mesentery).


Premise: What do scientist call the function whereby tin changes when it's very cold?

Hypothesis: Silver also grows conducting surface paths in the presence of halide and other ions, making it a poor choice for electronics use.


Premise: What effect did the  undermining of The league of Nations have on the people?

Hypothesis: One main institution that was meant to bring stability was the League of Nations, which was created after the First World War with the intention of maintaining world security and peace and encouraging economic growth between member countries.


Premise: Over what issue did the eastern and western churches split?

Hypothesis: Christianity was a major unifying factor between Eastern and Western Europe before the Arab conquests, but the conquest of North Africa sundered maritime connections between those areas.


Premise: How is the recognized official language of Burma displayed ?

Hypothesis: It is written in a script consisting of circular and semi-circular letters, which were adapted from the Mon script, which in turn was developed from a southern Indian script in the 5th century.


Premise: Who brought the message of mixed gender, practicing masonic lodges to the English speaking?

Hypothesis: Having failed to achieve acceptance from any masonic governing body, she and Georges Martin started a mixed masonic lodge that actually worked masonic ritual.


Premise: Who first settled the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: The islands derive their name from British explorer John Marshall, who visited in 1788.


Premise: Upon launching, the Compass system, what was the location accuracy promised to users?

Hypothesis: During this trial run, Compass will offer positioning accuracy to within 25 meters, but the precision will improve as more satellites are launched.


Premise: Afraid that Tony would be taken from her, what does she do?

Hypothesis: Terrified that her father Tony could be taken from her as well, Madonna was often unable to sleep unless she was near him.


Premise: What's might a new TZ value mishandle when it changes with new DST rules?

Hypothesis: Such a TZ value must be changed whenever DST rules change, and the new value applies to all years, mishandling some older timestamps.


Premise: What white cloud group on Neptune is farther south than the dark great spot?

Hypothesis: It was initially completely dark, but as Voyager 2 approached the planet, a bright core developed and can be seen in most of the highest-resolution images.


Premise: On what date was it reported that the AFL was considering bankruptcy?

Hypothesis: On July 20, 2009, Sports Business Journal reported that the AFL owed approximately $14 million to its creditors and were considering filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.


Premise: According to a survey by the Kaiser Family Foundation, what percentage of parents want schools to discuss contraception with their children?

Hypothesis: But, although 9 in 10 sex education instructors across the country believe that students should be taught about contraceptives in school, over one quarter report receiving explicit instructions from school boards and administrators not to do so.


Premise: What was one dynasty that provided a great atmosphere for cultural development?

Hypothesis: Ibn Sina created an extensive corpus of works during what is commonly known as the Islamic Golden Age, in which the translations of Greco-Roman, Persian, and Indian texts were studied extensively.


Premise: What system of social organization was used in Japan?

Hypothesis: This policy was the government strategy not only in the Marshall Islands, but on all the other mandated territories in Micronesia.


Premise: During Richard's rule, what did John successfully do?

Hypothesis: John stopped short of trying to actively enforce this charter on the native Irish kingdoms, but historian David Carpenter suspects that he might have done so, had the baronial conflict in England not intervened.


Premise: The facade of Saint Denis combines round arches with what other style arch?

Hypothesis: The façade combines both round arches and pointed arches of the Gothic style.


Premise: When was this claim made?

Hypothesis: Indeed, by the time Isidore of Seville came to write his Etymologies, the word Maurus or "Moor" had become an adjective in Latin, "for the Greeks call black, mauron". "


Premise: What is an example of a critical habitat consideration that would apply to plant wildlife?

Hypothesis: The provision of the law in Section 4 that establishes critical habitat is a regulatory link between habitat protection and recovery goals, requiring the identification and protection of all lands, water and air necessary to recover endangered species.


Premise: Which two former rivers in Palermo are currently building sites?

Hypothesis: In the basins there were, though, many seasonal torrents that helped formed swampy plains, reclaimed during history; a good example of which can be found in the borough of Mondello.


Premise: Who was featured on the copper - nickel dollar?

Hypothesis: In 2000, a new $1 coin, featuring Sacagawea, (the Sacagawea dollar) was introduced, which corrected some of the problems of the Anthony dollar by having a smooth edge and a gold color, without requiring changes to vending machines that accept the Anthony dollar.


Premise: What year were the Cambridge Rules first drawn up?

Hypothesis: Some came up with their own distinct codes of rules, most notably the Sheffield Football Club, formed by former public school pupils in 1857, which led to formation of a Sheffield FA in 1867.


Premise: When did Ranjit Singh die?

Hypothesis: After the Second Anglo-Sikh War in 1849, the Sikh Empire became the last territory to be merged into British India.


Premise: How long is a full-time mission for males?

Hypothesis: For males, a full-time mission is two years in length, and for females it lasts 18 months.


Premise: How did Darwin justify his theory not breaking down?

Hypothesis: But I can find out no such case."


Premise: Who noticed that sleepiness increases and decreases in a 24 hour period?

Hypothesis: However, recent studies show that deletion of clock does not lead to a behavioral phenotype (the animals still have normal circadian rhythms), which questions its importance in rhythm generation.


Premise: What kind of container is partially germinated grain dried in?

Hypothesis: The most common starch source used in beer is malted grain.


Premise: Which technology is primarily responsible for helping keep food fresh?

Hypothesis: Since the Industrial Revolution some two hundred years ago, the food processing industry has invented many technologies that both help keep foods fresh longer and alter the fresh state of food as they appear in nature.


Premise: What was Mary prevented from having to endure ?

Hypothesis: The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition).


Premise: Who claimed the entire Delaware River?

Hypothesis: Europeans came to the Delaware Valley in the early 17th century, with the first settlements founded by the Dutch, who in 1623 built Fort Nassau on the Delaware River opposite the Schuylkill River in what is now Brooklawn, New Jersey.


Premise: What size of choirs have performed Gustav Mahler's 1906 Symphony No. 8?

Hypothesis: The size of the orchestra (typically around 40 in the Classical era) grew to be over 100.


Premise: When did Mulhouse join the Swiss Confederation?

Hypothesis: The town of Mulhouse joined the Swiss Confederation in 1515, where it was to remain until 1798.


Premise: When did Ali Javan, an Iranian scientist, co-invent the first gas laser?

Hypothesis: In August 2014, Maryam Mirzakhani became the first-ever woman, as well as the first-ever Iranian, to receive the Fields Medal, the highest prize in mathematics.


Premise: The tabs on the user interface were called what?

Hypothesis: A simplified version of it was also accessible at any time via the Xbox Guide button on the gamepad.


Premise: Which city in North America held the most slaves in the 1700s?

Hypothesis: It also became a center of slavery, with 42% of households holding slaves by 1730, more than any other city other than Charleston, South Carolina.


Premise: Where did MCA's Revue Productions subsidiary rent space?

Hypothesis: The Music Corporation of America (MCA), then predominately a talent agency, had also become a powerful television producer, renting space at Republic Studios for its Revue Productions subsidiary.


Premise: Why can't glaciers form in polar deserts?

Hypothesis: Areas of the Arctic, such as Banks Island, and the McMurdo Dry Valleys in Antarctica are considered polar deserts where glaciers cannot form because they receive little snowfall despite the bitter cold.


Premise: What do the frequencies for the haplotype for beta-5 hemogoblin do from specific points in Africa?

Hypothesis: In 1964, the biologists Paul Ehrlich and Holm pointed out cases where two or more clines are distributed discordantly—for example, melanin is distributed in a decreasing pattern from the equator north and south; frequencies for the haplotype for beta-S hemoglobin, on the other hand, radiate out of specific geographical points in Africa.


Premise: How many troops were dispatched by the Chengdu military?

Hypothesis: Soon afterward, the Ministry of Health said that it had sent ten emergency medical teams to Wenchuan County.


Premise: What year was Cyprus annexed by Britain?

Hypothesis: Turkish leaders for a period advocated the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as Cyprus was considered an "extension of Anatolia" by them; while since the 19th century, the majority Greek Cypriot population and its Orthodox church had been pursuing union with Greece, which became a Greek national policy in the 1950s.


Premise: What dominant hair color is to believed to be prevalent among Greeks

Hypothesis: In conclusion the hair colour of young Greeks are mostly brown, ranging from light to dark brown.


Premise: What is the time limit for completing an Endangered Species Recovery Plan?

Hypothesis: The ESA does not specify when a recovery plan must be completed.


Premise: Which two ethnicities made up each position in government?

Hypothesis: From the early Qing, the central government was characterized by a system of dual appointments by which each position in the central government had a Manchu and a Han Chinese assigned to it.


Premise: Name a Jewish community that disappeared entirely?

Hypothesis: Assimilation took place in all areas, and during all time periods, with some Jewish communities, for example the Kaifeng Jews of China, disappearing entirely.


Premise: In which centuries did a proliferation of secret treaties occur that led the United Nations Charter to include an obligation to register treaties to be invoked before it?

Hypothesis: This was done to prevent the proliferation of secret treaties that occurred in the 19th and 20th century.


Premise: Whose work most notably influenced Hayek's argument regarding resource distribution?

Hypothesis: This argument, first proposed by Max Weber, says that the efficient exchange and use of resources can be maintained only through the price mechanism in free markets (see economic calculation problem).


Premise: How big is the satellite dish at the satellite ground station in feet?

Hypothesis: Since all international telephone and internet communications are relying on this single satellite link both internet and telephone service are subject to sun outages.


Premise: How long have Christians made up nearly 1/3rd of the population?

Hypothesis: The faith represents about a third of the world's population and is the largest religion in the world.


Premise: The people in Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales begin their pilgrimage from what London establishment?

Hypothesis: The pilgrims in Geoffrey Chaucer's late 14th-century Canterbury Tales set out for Canterbury from London – specifically, from the Tabard inn, Southwark.


Premise: What date does Japan consider the end of the Pacific War?

Hypothesis: However, as Imperial Japan actually surrendered on 15 August, this day became known in the English-speaking countries as "V-J Day" (Victory in Japan).


Premise: In which century did hops become the most popular flavoring for beer?

Hypothesis: Before the thirteenth century, and until the sixteenth century, during which hops took over as the dominant flavouring, beer was flavoured with other plants; for instance, grains of paradise or alehoof.


Premise: Who were two leading exponent of the Greek Revival style?

Hypothesis: John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of the late Georgian era known as The Regency style, he was responsible for designing large areas of London.


Premise: In which neighborhood does La Salle Street run?

Hypothesis: La Salle Street is the only vestige of the original routing.


Premise: When did London see its highest population numbers?

Hypothesis: The 2011 census recorded that 2,998,264 people or 36.7% of London's population are foreign-born making London the city with the second largest immigrant population, behind New York City, in terms of absolute numbers.


Premise: Where did the quickly mobilised troops first invade in France?

Hypothesis: According to some historians, Bismarck adroitly created a diplomatic crisis over the succession to the Spanish throne, then edited a dispatch about a meeting between King William of Prussia and the French ambassador, to make it appear that the French had been insulted.


Premise: How did Nasser deal with the stress of the UAR's collapse and Amer's intransigence?

Hypothesis: Nasser ultimately backed down, wary of a possible violent confrontation between the military and his civilian government.


Premise: Why was Frederick's defeat of Daun so costly?

Hypothesis: The end of that year saw Frederick once more victorious, defeating the able Daun in the Battle of Torgau; but he suffered very heavy casualties, and the Austrians retreated in good order.


Premise: Generally how fast are these trains?

Hypothesis: Train speeds between will reportedly exceed 110 miles per hour (180 km/h) and increase both cities' rail traffic exponentially.


Premise: Which footballer was verbally attacked in Liverpool?

Hypothesis: On 7 July 2004, in response to verbal attacks in Liverpool on Wayne Rooney, just before his transfer from Everton to Manchester United, who had sold his life story to The Sun, the paper devoted a full-page editorial to an apology for the "awful error" of its Hillsborough coverage and argued that Rooney (who was still only three years old at the time of Hillsborough) should not be punished for its "past sins".


Premise: The French navy fell captive where?

Hypothesis: As the autumn storms of the North Sea forced the return of more of the French ships, the blockade of the north German ports diminished and in September 1870 the French navy abandoned the blockade for the winter.


Premise: What other religious communities exist in Portugal?

Hypothesis: Influences from African Traditional Religion and Chinese Traditional Religion are also felt among many people, particularly in fields related with Traditional Chinese Medicine and African Witch Doctors.


Premise: How many courses does a mandolin commonly have?

Hypothesis: It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist.


Premise: Who was the winner of this season?

Hypothesis: Underwood has since sold 65 million records worldwide, and become the most successful Idol contestant in the U.S., selling over 14 million albums copies in the U.S. and has more  Underwood has won seven Grammy Awards, the most Grammys by an "American Idol" alumnus.


Premise: What is copper bound with when it is sent to the liver?

Hypothesis: Copper is absorbed in the gut, then transported to the liver bound to albumin.


Premise: What did Govenor Bush Realize

Hypothesis: Governor Jeb Bush realized that watershed events such as Andrew negatively impacted Florida's backbone industry of tourism severely.


Premise: What was June 1, 2008 called?

Hypothesis: On Children's Day, June 1, 2008, many parents went to the rubble of schools to mourn for their children.


Premise: When did Bermuda have a large amount of people immigrating to it?

Hypothesis: The number of people born in the West Indies actually increased by 538.


Premise: What was Mandela's nationality?

Hypothesis: Also in 1989, the government founded the Al-Gaddafi International Prize for Human Rights, to be awarded to figures from the Third World who had struggled against colonialism and imperialism; the first year's winner was South African anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela.


Premise: What are oxidizers?

Hypothesis: Most of these are oxidizers (i.e., acceptors of electrons) and some react very strongly.


Premise: A World Property Journal report has ranked London as the most expensive office market in the world for how many consecutive years?

Hypothesis: The city has the highest property prices of any European city according to the Office for National Statistics and the European Office of Statistics.


Premise: Who earned an Academy Award for the song "Vogue" and "Sooner or Later?"

Hypothesis: It also featured the US number-one hit "Vogue" and "Sooner or Later", which earned songwriter Stephen Sondheim an Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1991.


Premise: How many black people lived in Ulcinj until 1878?

Hypothesis: As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity, it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived.


Premise: What was Detroit's rate of violent crimes in 2008?

Hypothesis: Neighborhoodscout.com reported a crime rate of 62.18 per 1,000 residents for property crimes, and 16.73 per 1,000 for violent crimes (compared to national figures of 32 per 1,000 for property crimes and 5 per 1,000 for violent crime in 2008).


Premise: The Jataka tales of the Theravada happened in what century?

Hypothesis: This narrative draws on the Nidānakathā of the Jataka tales of the Theravada, which is ascribed to Buddhaghoṣa in the 5th century CE.


Premise: What did evangelicals want to keep apart?

Hypothesis: "Religious freedom resulted from an alliance of unlikely partners," writes the historian Frank Lambert in his book The Founding Fathers and the Place of Religion in America.


Premise: What was the name of the Empire that the country is now named after?

Hypothesis: Present-day Mali was once part of three West African empires that controlled trans-Saharan trade: the Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire (for which Mali is named), and the Songhai Empire.


Premise: What is the main difference between cladistics and stemmatics?

Hypothesis: However, where there is a difference, the computer does not attempt to decide which reading is closer to the original text, and so does not indicate which branch of the tree is the "root"—which manuscript tradition is closest to the original.


Premise: When was the Canadian Armed Forces name reintroduced?

Hypothesis: After the 1980s, the use of the "Canadian Armed Forces" name gave way to "Canadian Forces";[citation needed]


Premise: What did the melting of ice on Gondwana add to?

Hypothesis: The melting of ice caps and glaciers contributed to a rise in sea levels, recognizable from the fact that Silurian sediments overlie eroded Ordovician sediments, forming an unconformity.


Premise: Which language groups lived in Dalmation city-states prior to the 19th century?

Hypothesis: The topic of language for writers from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik prior to the 19th century made a distinction only between speakers of Italian or Slavic, since those were the two main groups that inhabited Dalmatian city-states at that time.


Premise: The play was the opening act for the starting of the 2013 season at which location?

Hypothesis: The production is returning to the venue to close the 2014 season, prior to a UK Tour.


Premise: From what city did Bell send his first message?

Hypothesis: On August 3, 1876, from the telegraph office in Mount Pleasant five miles (eight km) away from Brantford, Bell sent a tentative telegram indicating that he was ready.


Premise: Elisha Gray and what other man were behind many of the court cases?

Hypothesis: Over a period of 18 years, the Bell Telephone Company faced 587 court challenges to its patents, including five that went to the U.S. Supreme Court, but none was successful in establishing priority over the original Bell patent and the Bell Telephone Company never lost a case that had proceeded to a final trial stage.