Premise: From what Old English dialect did Scots derive?

Hypothesis: In fact, what would become the standard forms of Middle English and of Modern English are descended from Mercian rather than West Saxon, while Scots developed from the Northumbrian dialect.


Premise: By when did the Portuguese unemployment rate pass the 10% mark?

Hypothesis: By December 2009, unemployment had surpassed the 10% mark nationwide in the wake of worldwide events, by 2010, the rate was around 11% and in 2011 it was above 12%.[citation needed]


Premise: What did the study reveal after 5 years?

Hypothesis: After five years, the study concluded the patients saw a 35% reduction in their cholesterol, and their chances of dying of a heart attack were reduced by 42%.


Premise: Which Democratic candidate was the first to win 40% of the vote in Alaska since 1964?

Hypothesis: Obama lost Alaska again in 2012, but he captured 40% of the state's vote in that election, making him the first Democrat to do so since 1968.


Premise: What happened to Buckingham after Queen Victoria left?

Hypothesis: For many years the palace was seldom used, even neglected.


Premise: What is the Royal Institute of British Architects' street address?

Hypothesis: RIBA is based at 66 Portland Place, London—a 1930s Grade II


Premise: What Morrison song pays homage to his New Haven arrest while mentioning the town by name?

Hypothesis: The near-riotous concert and arrest in 1967 at the New Haven Arena was commemorated by Morrison in the lyrics to "Peace Frog" which include the line "...


Premise: What is the least-accountable IGO?

Hypothesis: At a more practical level, the question translates into one about how to make transnational policing institutions democratically accountable (Sheptycki, 2004).


Premise: Farming and Forestry continue to be a mainstay of what?

Hypothesis: Farming and forestry continue to be mainstays of Alpine culture, industries that provide for export to the cities and maintain the mountain ecology.


Premise: Which magazine did Beyoncé pose for the cover, making her the first black female artist to do so?

Hypothesis: She was nominated for Album of the Year but the award was won by Beck for his Morning Phase album.


Premise: What is the RNA molecule produced by the polymerase known as?

Hypothesis: One of the modifications performed is the splicing of introns which are sequences in the transcribed region that do not encode protein.


Premise: What do some people think Cloudina should be called instead of an annelid?

Hypothesis: The small shelly fossil Cloudina, from 549 to 542 million years ago, has been classified by some authors as an annelid, but by others as a cnidarian (i.e. in the phylum to which jellyfish and sea anemones belong).


Premise: What country no longer celebrates Carnival?

Hypothesis: This dates back to celebrations before the Advent season or with harvest celebrations of St. Martin's Day.


Premise: Where is the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College located?

Hypothesis: The school's headmaster, history professor Juan Pedro Toni, is a member of the Stella Maris Board of Governors and the school is a member of the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO).


Premise: What is the closest international airport to Saint Helena called?

Hypothesis: Located in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, more than 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) from the nearest major landmass, Saint Helena is one of the most remote places in the world.


Premise: What is the term for a situation in which the president and prime minister come from different political parties?

Hypothesis: In these systems, it is possible for the president and the prime minister to be from different political parties if the legislature is controlled by a party different from that of the president.


Premise: The first Lunar Module was delayed to what date?

Hypothesis: During the summer of 1968, the Apollo program hit another snag: the first pilot-rated Lunar Module (LM) was not ready for orbital tests in time for a December 1968 launch.


Premise: Who was appointed Supreme Commander of the SEAC in October, 1943?

Hypothesis: In October 1943 Winston Churchill appointed Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten as its Supreme Commander.


Premise: How many catholic schools are in Paris?

Hypothesis: In addition there are eighty male religious orders and 140 female religious orders in the city, as well as 110 Catholic schools with 75,000 students.


Premise: What was created when the interest charged was greater than the amount of interest paid?

Hypothesis: This created negative amortization, which the credit consumer might not notice until long after the loan transaction had been consummated.


Premise: With what value is a resistor in parallel with a capacitor equal to?

Hypothesis: A leaky capacitor can cause the grid circuit voltage to be raised from its normal bias setting, causing excessive current or signal distortion in the downstream tube.


Premise: What conclusion did Darwin come to after realizing that some diverse species were able to create variations easily, while other species thought to be closely related had difficulty?

Hypothesis: Sometimes what were widely considered to be separate species produced fertile hybrid offspring freely, and in other cases what were considered to be mere varieties of the same species could only be crossed with difficulty.


Premise: Which one of Madonna's movie is a box office bomb?

Hypothesis: Stephanie Zacharek, critic for Time magazine, stated that, "[Madonna] seems wooden and unnatural as an actress, and it's tough to watch, because she's clearly trying her damnedest."


Premise: What is the rank of Egypt popultaion among African nations?

Hypothesis: The large regions of the Sahara desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited.


Premise: How much value has Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone  output since inception?

Hypothesis: Since its establishment, the zone accumulated 177.4 billion yuan of industrial output, 46.2 billion yuan of gross domestic product, fiscal revenue 6.768 billion yuan.


Premise: What is the age of US children allowed to work outside of the home?

Hypothesis: The amendment allows certain children aged 14–18 to work in or outside a business where machinery is used to process wood.


Premise: What static inverter plant lies near New Haven?

Hypothesis: There are three PureCell Model 400 fuel cells placed in the city of New Haven—one at the New Haven Public Schools and newly constructed Roberto Clemente School, one at the mixed-use 360 State Street building, and one at City Hall.


Premise: In what year did New York become the United States capital?

Hypothesis: By 1790, New York had surpassed Philadelphia as the largest city in the United States.


Premise: What re-emerged during the Katarista movement in the 1970s?

Hypothesis: While the National Revolutionary Movement government begun in 1952 discouraged self-identification as indigenous (reclassifying rural people as campesinos, or peasants), renewed ethnic and class militancy re-emerged in the Katarista movement beginning in the 1970s.


Premise: What percentage of Imperial's staff was classified as world leading in 2008?

Hypothesis: The 2008 Research Assessment Exercise returned 26% of the 1225 staff submitted as being world-leading (4*) and a further 47% as being internationally excellent (3*).


Premise: Rosemary  Goring connected Lee to whom?

Hypothesis: Eric Zorn of the Chicago Tribune praises Lee's "rich use of language" but writes that the central lesson is that "courage isn't always flashy, isn't always enough, but is always in style".


Premise: Nagarjuna said that sentient beings are empty of what?

Hypothesis: In the eyes of Nagarjuna the Buddha was not merely a forerunner, but the very founder of the Mādhyamaka system.


Premise: What three departments of the inner suburbs are included in the metropole?

Hypothesis: It includes the City of Paris, plus the communes, or towns of the three departments of the inner suburbs; Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne; plus seven communes in the outer suburbs, including Argenteuil in Val d'Oise and Paray-Vieille-Poste in Essonne, which were added to include the major airports of Paris.


Premise: How long was the city completely empty?

Hypothesis: Until the arrival of the Wehrmacht troops mid-June 1940, the city was, for ten months, completely empty, with the exception of the garrisoned soldiers.


Premise: Which street begins just North of East Houston Street at Avenue A?

Hypothesis: Peretz Square, a small triangular sliver park where Houston Street, First Street and First Avenue meet marks the spot where the grid takes hold.


Premise: What present-day country was Avicenna born in?

Hypothesis: Avicenna first began to learn the Quran and literature in such a way that when he was ten years old he had essentially learned all of them.


Premise: What do the Lombardic mandolins resemble more than modern mandolins?

Hypothesis: These mandolins are closer to the mandolino or mandore than other modern mandolins.


Premise: When did season seven premiere?

Hypothesis: The media focused on the professional status of the season seven contestants, the so-called 'ringers', many of whom, including Kristy Lee Cook, Brooke White, Michael Johns, and in particular Carly Smithson, had prior recording contracts.


Premise: What does Desfile de las Llamadas mean?

Hypothesis: Notable displays include "Desfile de las Llamadas" ("Parade of the Calls"), which is a grand united parade held on the south part of downtown, where it used to be a common ritual back in the early 20th century.


Premise: What year was the brewing Company SABMiller founded?

Hypothesis: In 2004 the Belgian Interbrew was the third largest brewery by volume and the Brazilian AmBev was the fifth largest.


Premise: What company was previously headquartered in the Downtown Macy's?

Hypothesis: The corner of Flagler Street and Miami Avenue is in the middle of Downtown in front of the Downtown Macy's (formerly the Burdine's headquarters).


Premise: What prize did Domagk get for his work?

Hypothesis: Prontosil had a relatively broad effect against Gram-positive cocci, but not against enterobacteria.


Premise: Who created the population factor e-E/kT?

Hypothesis: The speed of a chemical reaction (at given temperature T) is related to the activation energy E, by the Boltzmann's population factor e−E/kT – that is the probability of molecule to have energy greater than or equal to E at the given temperature


Premise: What is thought to be the modern name of the island Legazpi called Los Barbudos?

Hypothesis: On January 10, the Spaniards sighted another island that they named "Placeres", perhaps Ailuk; ten leagues away, they sighted another island that they called "Pajares" (perhaps Jemo).


Premise: How does bacteria help to sustain life in hydrothermal vents and cold seeps?

Hypothesis: In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy.


Premise: How does Madonna influence her?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé has stated that she is personally inspired by US First Lady Michelle Obama, saying "She proves you can do it all" and she has described Oprah Winfrey as "the definition of inspiration and a strong woman".


Premise: What was the aim of the partnership with Fold3.com?

Hypothesis: On January 10, 2007, the National Archives and Fold3.com (formerly Footnote) launched a pilot project to digitize historic documents from the National Archives holdings.


Premise: What design element allowed the use of large clerestory windows?

Hypothesis: He designed a choir that would be suffused with light.


Premise: How much can a motorist be charged for needing to be rescued after ignoring safety precautions?

Hypothesis: If the road is flooded and a barricade is in place, motorists who drive around the barricade can be charged up to $2000 for costs involved in rescuing them.


Premise: What percent of the Staten Island population has a high school diploma, as of 2000?

Hypothesis: In 2000, according to the U.S. Census, out of the nearly 800,000 people in the Bronx who were then at least 25 years old, 62.3% had graduated from high school and 14.6% held a bachelor's or higher college degree.


Premise: Corruption in what compromises the rule of law?

Hypothesis: Corruption in elections and in the legislature reduces accountability and distorts representation in policymaking; corruption in the judiciary compromises the rule of law; and corruption in public administration results in the inefficient provision of services.


Premise: Mimicry is another type of what kid of strategy?

Hypothesis: Later research has discovered that the Viceroy is, in fact more toxic than the Monarch and this resemblance should be considered as a case of Müllerian mimicry.


Premise: At what temperature will grains of uranium metal spontaneously ignite in air?

Hypothesis: Normal functioning of the kidney, brain, liver, heart, and other systems can be affected by uranium exposure, because, besides being weakly radioactive, uranium is a toxic metal.


Premise: What is one feature of 360 photo slide shows?

Hypothesis: The console can also display pictures and perform slideshows of photo collections with various transition effects, and supports audio playback, with music player controls accessible through the Xbox 360 Guide button.


Premise: What market did Dell begin to compete in in 2009?

Hypothesis: Dell was a pure hardware vendor for much of its existence, but with the acquisition in 2009 of Perot Systems, Dell entered the market for IT services.


Premise: What general commanded the 12th US Army Group?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower worked tirelessly to address the demands of the rival commanders to optimize Allied forces, often by giving them tactical, though sometimes ineffective, latitude; many historians conclude this delayed the Allied victory in Europe.


Premise: What is the range for the length for international matches in meters?

Hypothesis: In 2008, the IFAB initially approved a fixed size of 105 m (344 ft) long and 68 m (223 ft) wide as a standard pitch dimension for international matches; however, this decision was later put on hold and was never actually implemented.


Premise: Where do artists who feature in the Kleines Fest im Großen Garten come from?

Hypothesis: It features artists from around the world.


Premise: What do the external ectoderm and an internal endoderm layers develop into?

Hypothesis: These germ layers then differentiate to form tissues and organs.


Premise: Who starred in Spielberg's TV debut?

Hypothesis: The segment, "Eyes," starred Joan Crawford; she and Spielberg were reportedly close friends until her death.


Premise: What was the 19th century revival of Georgian architecture in the United States referred to as?

Hypothesis: Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830.


Premise: What is it sometimes necessary to reinterpret when translating?

Hypothesis: The particular syntax (sentence-structure) characteristics of a text's source language are adjusted to the syntactic requirements of the target language.


Premise: Which well known gas did Jan Baptist van Helmont discover?

Hypothesis: Jan Baptist van Helmont, who discovered several gases such as carbon dioxide, performed the first quantitative experiment.


Premise: Under what Prussian king did the German empire unite as a nation-state?

Hypothesis: French determination to regain Alsace-Lorraine and fear of another Franco-German war, along with British apprehension about the balance of power, became factors in the causes of World War I.


Premise: When was the Bronx added to NYC?

Hypothesis: Much of the West Bronx's street numbering carries over from upper Manhattan, but does not match it exactly; East 132nd Street is the lowest numbered street in the Bronx.


Premise: The active seeking of new ideas rather than the unquestioning acceptance of adult authority is known as what stage of development?

Hypothesis: Adolescence is frequently characterized by a transformation of an adolescent's understanding of the world, the rational direction towards a life course, and the active seeking of new ideas rather than the unquestioning acceptance of adult authority.


Premise: Which genre of comic books had parents concerned?

Hypothesis: Following a sales peak in the early 1950s, the content of comic books (particularly crime and horror) was subjected to scrutiny from parent groups and government agencies, which culminated in Senate hearings that led to the establishment of the Comics Code Authority self-censoring body.


Premise: Which region contains Desert National Park?

Hypothesis: The region is a haven for migratory and resident birds of the desert.


Premise: On what date did Japan surrender?

Hypothesis: Following its defeat, Japan's Shinto Emperor stepped down as the divine leader through the Shinto Directive, because the Allied Powers believed this was the major political cause of Japan's military aggression and deconstruction process soon took place to install a new liberal-democratic constitution to the Japanese public as the current Constitution of Japan.


Premise: Who was well known for important works of traditional blugrass?

Hypothesis: Most commonly associated with bluegrass, mandolin has been used a lot in country music over the years.


Premise: Where are the French Prealps located?

Hypothesis: Upon reaching the Swiss border, the line of the main chain heads approximately east-northeast, a heading it follows until its end near Vienna.


Premise: What Tory did Victoria commision after Melbourne resigned his postion?

Hypothesis: The Queen commissioned a Tory, Sir Robert Peel, to form a new ministry.


Premise: Who was minister of foreign affairs prior to Shevardnadze?

Hypothesis: The latter, disparaged as "Mr Nyet" in the West, had served for 28 years as Minister of Foreign Affairs.


Premise: What did French law enforcement take from protesters?

Hypothesis: Minister of the Interior Michèle Alliot-Marie later stated that the police had not been ordered to do so, and that they had acted on their own initiative.


Premise: How long did the anti-Nazi propaganda machine run before the pact-signing?

Hypothesis: Soviet propaganda and representatives went to great lengths to minimize the importance of the fact that they had opposed and fought against the Nazis in various ways for a decade prior to signing the Pact.


Premise: How long was it after the birth of her child before she performed again?

Hypothesis: Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy.


Premise: How many Chinese civilians were estimated to have died during the Japanese Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign?

Hypothesis: After the Doolittle Raid, the Japanese army conducted a massive sweep through Zhejiang and Jiangxi of China, now known as the Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign, with the goal of searching out the surviving American airmen, applying retribution on the Chinese who aided them and destroying air bases.


Premise: What is Roberts power on the Comcast board?

Hypothesis: Roberts owns or controls just over 1% of all Comcast shares but all of the Class B supervoting shares, which gives him an "undilutable 33% voting power over the company".


Premise: What did the Patriot Act make it easier to do to immigrants?

Hypothesis: The Patriot Act is still in effect.


Premise: What does SECARMY stand for?

Hypothesis: As a branch of the armed forces, the mission of the U.S. Army is "to fight and win our Nation's wars, by providing prompt, sustained, land dominance, across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict, in support of combatant commanders."


Premise: Who co-hosts CERN along with the French department of Ain?

Hypothesis: Geneva and the nearby French department of Ain co-host the world's largest laboratory, CERN, dedicated to particle physics research.


Premise: Posting a video without consent of the copyright holder is what according to youtube?

Hypothesis: Despite this advice, there are still many unauthorized clips of copyrighted material on YouTube.


Premise: Who was Speaker of the House between 1953 and 1955?

Hypothesis: Joe Martin, the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955, wrote that Eisenhower "never surrounded himself with assistants who could solve political problems with professional skill.


Premise: Why did Professor Skousen gather fragments and have them analyzed?

Hypothesis: Critical Text of the Book of Mormon Project and proceeded to gather still scattered fragments of the Original Manuscript of the Book of Mormon and to have advanced photographic techniques applied to obtain fine readings from otherwise unreadable pages and fragments.


Premise: Who united the 5 tribes?

Hypothesis: By the 9th century, the large tribes which lived on the territory of modern Germany had been united under the rule of the Frankish king Charlemagne, known in German as Karl der Große.


Premise: How much is Israel's water technology industry worth?

Hypothesis: Israel is one of the world's technological leaders in water technology.


Premise: What god was introduced in Rome in 138 BC?

Hypothesis: In 206 BC the Sibylline books commended the introduction of cult to the aniconic Magna Mater (Great Mother) from Pessinus, installed on the Palatine in 191 BC.


Premise: Where was a center for tourist for the people of Lancashire's mill towns?

Hypothesis: The county contained several mill towns and the collieries of the Lancashire Coalfield.


Premise: In 2010 what were the estimates for the amount of videos with advertisements uploaded without the copywriter's consent?

Hypothesis: In 2010 it was reported that nearly a third of the videos with advertisements were uploaded without permission of the copyright holders.


Premise: Why is fluid in a manual pump pushed into the pumps cavity when a small sealed cavity is expanded?

Hypothesis: Because of the pressure differential, some fluid from the chamber (or the well, in our example) is pushed into the pump's small cavity.


Premise: How old was Victoria when she died?

Hypothesis: Her favourite pet Pomeranian, Turri, was laid upon her deathbed as a last request.


Premise: What contains material ofen described as systematic expositions of the Gautama Buddha teachings?

Hypothesis: Pitaka contains material often described as systematic expositions of the Gautama Buddha's teachings.


Premise: Who was the general who spoke out against the USSR joining NATO?

Hypothesis: He opposed the request to join NATO made by the USSR in 1954 saying that "the Soviet request to join NATO is like an unrepentant burglar requesting to join the police force".


Premise: How does the pain signal travel from the periphery to the spinal cord?

Hypothesis: These first order neurons enter the spinal cord via Lissauer's tract.


Premise: What department was formed to help raise the living standards of the citizens in Saint Helena?

Hypothesis: The Development and Economic Planning Department, which still operates, was formed in 1988 to contribute to raising the living standards of the people of Saint Helena.


Premise: The words from which the name "Quran" might be described are related to which act?

Hypothesis: The word qurʼān appears about 70 times in the Quran itself, assuming various meanings.


Premise: Which group of animal has a lower body temperature that marsupials and placentals?

Hypothesis: For small animals, an insulative covering like fur is necessary for the maintenance of a high and stable body temperature.


Premise: The balcony in which palace is famous for being where the royal family makes appearances?

Hypothesis: This public association of the monarchy with a politician was exceptional, as balcony appearances were traditionally restricted to the royal family.


Premise: What went into effect on January 1, 2011?

Hypothesis: Since the Kallikratis programme reform entered into effect on 1 January 2011, Greece has consisted of thirteen regions subdivided into a total of 325 municipalities.


Premise: what was the name of the ship that was a temporary fishing facility?

Hypothesis: While a new factory was being planned and built, M/V Kelso came to the island and acted as a factory ship, with island fishermen based on board for stints normally of one week.


Premise: What is it sometimes necessary to reinterpret when translating?

Hypothesis: In general, translators have sought to preserve the context itself by reproducing the original order of sememes, and hence word order — when necessary, reinterpreting the actual grammatical structure, for example, by shifting from active to passive voice, or vice versa.


Premise: Which BYU building is one of the most attended art museus in the Mountain West?

Hypothesis: BYU's Museum of Art, for example, is one of the largest and most attended art museums in the Mountain West.


Premise: Who made the original print of Los Caprichos?

Hypothesis: The collection also includes original prints of Los Caprichos by Francisco Goya, and many others.


Premise: What invading marauders caused havoc in the Balkans during the 4th century.

Hypothesis: The raids and devastation of the Goths and Huns in the 4th and 5th centuries and the Slavic invasion of Greece in the 7th century resulted in a dramatic collapse in imperial authority in the Greek peninsula.


Premise: What term does Diamond use to refer to Hayek?

Hypothesis: Diamond argued that: “The human mind, Hayek says, is not just limited in its ability to synthesize a vast array of concrete facts, it is also limited in its ability to give a deductively sound ground to ethics.


Premise: What is the name given to Victoria on official documents?

Hypothesis: Official documents prepared on the first day of her reign described her as Alexandrina Victoria, but the first name was withdrawn at her own wish and not used again.


Premise: What id Multics use to simplify plain text data?

Hypothesis: To simplify matters plain text data streams, including files, on Multics used line feed (LF) alone as a line terminator.


Premise: What is an example of an iPod accessory made work exercise?

Hypothesis: Other accessories offer unique features like the Nike+iPod pedometer and the iPod Camera Connector.


Premise: What is Berns most famous site?

Hypothesis: The structure of Bern's city centre is largely medieval and has been recognised by UNESCO as a Cultural World Heritage Site.


Premise: On what date did the Battle of Worth begin?

Hypothesis: The Battle of Wörth (also known as Fröschwiller or Reichshoffen) began when the two armies clashed again on 6 August near Wörth in the town of Fröschwiller, about 10 miles (16 km) from Wissembourg.


Premise: Who signs a bill into a law?

Hypothesis: After the President signs a bill into law (or Congress enacts it over his veto), it is delivered to the Office of the Federal Register (OFR) of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) where it is assigned a law number, and prepared for publication as a slip law.


Premise: How many baby's were there in 2013?

Hypothesis: Philadelphia's death rate was at its lowest in at least a half-century, 13,691 deaths in 2013.


Premise: When did the US control Greenland?

Hypothesis: One of the actual reasons behind US interest in Greenland could be the vast natural resources of the island.


Premise: What percentage of electricity was produced with local oil shale in 2011?

Hypothesis: In 2011 about 85% of it was generated with locally mined oil shale.


Premise: How many classes of chronic pain patients are there?

Hypothesis: Analysis of MPI results by Turk and Rudy (1988) found three classes of chronic pain patient: "(a) dysfunctional, people who perceived the severity of their pain to be high, reported that pain interfered with much of their lives, reported a higher degree of psychological distress caused by pain, and reported low levels of activity; (b) interpersonally distressed, people with a common perception that significant others were not very supportive of their pain problems; and (c) adaptive copers, patients who reported high levels of social support, relatively low levels of pain and perceived interference, and relatively high levels of activity."


Premise: According to Friederike Müller, Chopin insisted his students have the strictest adherence to what?

Hypothesis: He also demanded the strictest adherence to rhythm.


Premise: How many world headquarters of the 31 Fortune Global 500 companies are located in Paris?

Hypothesis: In 2011, its GDP ranked second among the regions of Europe and


Premise: What city was conquered on 29 May 1453?

Hypothesis: Because of bad relations between the states of western Europe and the later Byzantine Empire, the majority of the Orthodox population accepted Ottoman rule as preferable to Venetian rule.


Premise: What football league team is located in Plymouth?

Hypothesis: All four clubs play in the South West Peninsula League.


Premise: Which Yale staffed labor historian advised other younger labor historians?

Hypothesis: Yale's history department has also originated important intellectual trends.


Premise: Which country besides Brazil does St. Barts import its labor force from?

Hypothesis: It also attracts a labour force from Brazil and Portugal to meet the industry needs.


Premise: In what environment were many of the first human settlements?

Hypothesis: What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world.


Premise: What is a less systematic example?

Hypothesis: However, in the 19th century these were often written via compound characters, pronounced disyllabically, such as 瓩 for 千瓦 or 糎 for 厘米 – some of these characters were also used in Japan, where they were pronounced with borrowed European readings instead.


Premise: What did the resulting violence perpetrated by the extremists produce?

Hypothesis: The skinheads slowly transferred the Boixos Nois' ideology from liberalism to fascism, which caused division within the group and a sudden support for Núñez's presidency.


Premise: Inscriptions from what language were sometimes present on pub signs?

Hypothesis: The earliest signs were often not painted but consisted, for example, of paraphernalia connected with the brewing process such as bunches of hops or brewing implements, which were suspended above the door of the pub.


Premise: What stock character lived with her white father until he left the picture?

Hypothesis: The figure of the "tragic octoroon" was a stock character of abolitionist literature: a mixed-race woman raised as if a white woman in her white father's household, until his bankruptcy or death has her reduced to a menial position She may even be unaware of her status before being reduced to victimization.


Premise: Adult Top 40 represented a midpoint between what two radio formats?

Hypothesis: Although they are sometimes mistaken for each other, the Adult Contemporary chart and the Adult Top 40 chart are separate charts, and songs reaching one chart might not reach the other.


Premise: What type of relationship do the clownfish and anemone have?

Hypothesis: The territorial fish protects the anemone from anemone-eating fish, and in turn the stinging tentacles of the anemone protect the clownfish from its predators.


Premise: What was used because of night attacks?

Hypothesis: German air attacks on the British Isles increased in 1915 and the AA efforts were deemed somewhat ineffective, so a Royal Navy gunnery expert, Admiral Sir Percy Scott, was appointed to make improvements, particularly an integrated AA defence for London.


Premise: What do all Protestantism denominations reject?

Hypothesis: All Protestant denominations reject the notion of papal supremacy over the Church universal and generally deny the Roman Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation, but they disagree among themselves regarding the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist.


Premise: What percentage of students at Notre Dame are the children of former Notre Dame students?

Hypothesis: Around 21–24% of students are children of alumni, and although 37% of students come from the Midwestern United States, the student body represents all 50 states and 100 countries.


Premise: This language is the official dialect of worship for the traditional sect for church worshipers of Greece ?

Hypothesis: During the first centuries after Jesus Christ, the New Testament was originally written in Koine Greek, which remains the liturgical language of the Greek Orthodox Church, and most of the early Christians and Church Fathers were Greek-speaking.


Premise: What can Philosophy education be when we talk about the process?

Hypothesis: "The philosophy of education may be either the philosophy of the process of education or the philosophy of the discipline of education.


Premise: Where do western sandpiper Calidris migrate from?

Hypothesis: A similar situation occurs with waders (called shorebirds in North America).


Premise: How often does the British-Irish Council meet?

Hypothesis: Irish Inter-Parliamentary Assembly, Niall Blaney, has suggested that the body should shadow the British–Irish Council's work.


Premise: What are "bookmarks" called in Internet Explorer?

Hypothesis: In Firefox, web feeds are formatted as "live bookmarks" and behave like a folder of bookmarks corresponding to recent entries in the feed.


Premise: From which language does the word "adolescence" originate?

Hypothesis: The period of adolescence is most closely associated with the teenage years, though its physical, psychological and cultural expressions may begin earlier and end later.


Premise: Shiraz is the capital of what Province?

Hypothesis: It is the capital of Fars Province, and was also a former capital of Iran.


Premise: Why did Henry VIII wish to execute his fifth wife?

Hypothesis: In 1542, Henry sought to execute his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, whom he accused of committing adultery; the execution was to be authorised not after a trial but by a bill of attainder, to which he would have to personally assent after listening to the entire text.


Premise: What building did Julian want to rebuild?

Hypothesis: He proposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem's temple as an Imperial project and argued against the "irrational impieties" of Christian doctrine.


Premise: What was one factor behind the inefficiency of the French railway system?

Hypothesis: The French railway system, with multiple competing companies, had developed purely from commercial pressures and many journeys to the front in Alsace and Lorraine involved long diversions and frequent changes between trains.


Premise: Who took over from Tongzhi?

Hypothesis: She entered the imperial palace in the 1850s as a concubine to the Xianfeng Emperor (r. 1850–1861) and came to power in 1861 after her five-year-old son, the Tongzhi Emperor ascended the throne.


Premise: When did the Soviet Union gain political-military influence and control over most Slavic-majority nations?

Hypothesis: Pan-Slavism, a movement which came into prominence in the mid-19th century, emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples.


Premise: How much revenue for companies is generated by the BDS system?

Hypothesis: Fifteen years after the satellite system was launched, it is now generating $31.5 billion for major companies such as China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd, and China North Industries Group Corp.


Premise: By what age had many small states covered the subcontinent?

Hypothesis: This period saw the second major rise of urbanism in India after the Indus Valley Civilisation.


Premise: In what year did Greece's women's water polo team win the World Championship?

Hypothesis: The Greece women's national water polo team have emerged as one of the leading powers in the world, becoming World Champions after their gold medal win against the hosts China at the 2011 World Championship.


Premise: What role did women fill in the Church?

Hypothesis: Women in the Middle Ages were officially required to be subordinate to some male, whether their father, husband, or other kinsman.


Premise: What did this charter give them?

Hypothesis: For a period of fifteen years the charter awarded the newly formed company a monopoly on trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan.


Premise: Which assets did the corporation begin to sell in 2013?

Hypothesis: Over the course of 2013, the corporation began the sale of its US shale gas assets and cancelled a US$20 billion gas project that was to be constructed in the US state of Louisiana.


Premise: The children's non-judgmental attitude gave them a greater understanding of what?

Hypothesis: Sharing Scout and Jem's perspective, the reader is allowed to engage in relationships with the conservative antebellum Mrs. Dubose; the lower-class Ewells, and the Cunninghams who are equally poor but behave in vastly different ways; the wealthy but ostracized Mr. Dolphus Raymond; and Calpurnia and other members of the black community.


Premise: Which Catholic practices did Wycliffe speak out against?

Hypothesis: The Catholic Church had long fought against heretic movements, but during the Late Middle Ages, it started to experience demands for reform from within.


Premise: What was the rule used in law in the 1900s called?

Hypothesis: This was a stricter interpretation than what had prevailed in the 19th century; it ignored the many mixed families in the state and went against commonly accepted social rules of judging a person by appearance and association.


Premise: Mahayana aspires to Buddhahood through what path?

Hypothesis: Tibetan Buddhism aspires to Buddhahood or rainbow body.


Premise: What year did Oleg conquer the Drevlians?

Hypothesis: In 883, he conquered the Drevlians, imposing a fur tribute on them.


Premise: Who refuted the statement that the Queen was critical of the European Union?

Hypothesis: It claimed that in 2011 at Windsor Castle, while having lunch with Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg, the monarch criticised the union.


Premise: Where was Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch from?

Hypothesis: Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch commented in 1854:


Premise: What year did an accident occur at a German facility with molten steel because of the change to DST?

Hypothesis: Damage to a German steel facility occurred during a DST transition in 1993, when a computer timing system linked to a radio time synchronization signal allowed molten steel to cool for one hour less than the required duration, resulting in spattering of molten steel when it was poured.


Premise: What professions made up the buld on middle class under Nasser?

Hypothesis: At the time of the fall of the Egyptian monarchy in the early 1950s, less than half a million Egyptians were considered upper class and rich, four million middle class and 17 million lower class and poor.


Premise: Where is the term Hokkien mainly used?

Hypothesis: The term Hokkien (福建; hɔk˥˥kɪɛn˨˩) is itself a term not used in Chinese to refer to the dialect, as it simply means Fujian province.


Premise: What was Zhu's job?

Hypothesis: Later the Qianlong Emperor bestowed the title Marquis of Extended Grace posthumously on Zhu Zhuliang in 1750, and the title passed on through twelve generations of Ming descendants until the end of the Qing dynasty.


Premise: What did the organizers of the torch relay call it?

Hypothesis: ) – the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics.


Premise: When was Mario born?

Hypothesis: At this point, Madonna started to resent him for decades, and developed a rebellious attitude.


Premise: Which actor portrayed Marco Sciarra?

Hypothesis: In addition to the principal cast, Alessandro Cremona was cast as Marco Sciarra, Stephanie Sigman was cast as Estrella, and Detlef Bothe was cast as a villain for scenes shot in Austria.


Premise: How many private businesses employee people on Saint Helena?

Hypothesis: Employment is dominated by the public sector, the number of government positions has fallen from 1,142 in 2006 to just over 800 in 2013.


Premise: What type of music comes from the popular Gelugpa school?

Hypothesis: Tibetan music often involves chanting in Tibetan or Sanskrit, as an integral part of the religion.


Premise: What helps Mycobacteria be resistant to decolorization?

Hypothesis: The high mycolic acid content of Mycobacteria, is responsible for the staining pattern of poor absorption followed by high retention.


Premise: On what date did Montini publicly address charges of homosexuality?

Hypothesis: Published by his order in January 1976 was a homily Persona Humana: Declaration on Certain Questions concerning Sexual Ethics, which outlawed pre or extra-marital sex, condemned homosexuality, and forbade masturbation.


Premise: What became an issue for the working child?

Hypothesis: Due to this problematic trend, many parents developed a change of opinion when deciding whether or not to send their children to work.


Premise: Who previously applied for a patent for an iPod-like device?

Hypothesis: In September 2007, during a lawsuit with patent holding company Burst.com, Apple drew attention to a patent for a similar device that was developed in 1979.


Premise: What is the biggest known dog?

Hypothesis: The largest known dog was an English Mastiff which weighed 155.6 kg (343 lb) and was 250 cm (98 in) from the snout to the tail.


Premise: In which region of land was the Serbo-Croat language referred to as "Bosnian"?

Hypothesis: Croatian linguist Dalibor Brozović advocated the term Serbo-Croatian as late as 1988, claiming that in an analogy with Indo-European, Serbo-Croatian does not only name the two components of the same language, but simply charts the limits of the region in which it is spoken and includes everything between the limits (‘Bosnian’ and ‘Montenegrin’).


Premise: What serves as the collective Head of State?

Hypothesis: The President of the Confederation is elected by the Assembly from among the seven members, traditionally in rotation and for a one-year term; the President chairs the government and assumes representative functions.


Premise: Kosher restaurants make up what percent of total restaurants?

Hypothesis: Kosher restaurants, though rare in the 1960s, make up around 25% of the total as of 2015[update], perhaps reflecting the largely secular values of those who dine out.


Premise: Which contestant was removed from the competition for not revealing his police record?

Hypothesis: Clark also claimed that Abdul gave him preferential treatment on the show due to their affair.


Premise: Where was Chopin's initial performance?

Hypothesis: The Prince, who was himself a talented musician, moved close to the keyboard to view Chopin's technique.


Premise: How many cities or towns are there in all of England and Wales with a ceremonial sheriff acting as the Mayor's deputy?

Hypothesis: The town crier from 2004 until his death in 2014 was John Melody, who acted as master of ceremonies in the city and who possessed a cry of 104 decibels.


Premise: How long is the solar powered plane Solar Impulse able to remain in the air?

Hypothesis: It is a single-seat plane powered by solar cells and capable of taking off under its own power.


Premise: In what country is "The Welcome Inn" frequently used as a name for pubs?

Hypothesis: There is however no longer a formal distinction between an inn and other kinds of establishment.


Premise: Who is Eiji Yoshikawa?

Hypothesis: Examples are Samurai Champloo, Requiem from the Darkness, Muramasa: The Demon Blade, and Afro Samurai.


Premise: What was the first state in this region to adopt Christianity?

Hypothesis: In ancient times, in the first centuries after the birth of Christ, when this region was called[by whom?]


Premise: Tengen got a description of Nintendo's chip from whom?

Hypothesis: However, Tengen also obtained a description of the lockout chip from the United States Patent and Trademark Office by falsely claiming that it was required to defend against present infringement claims in a legal case.


Premise: What is one reason the art of Islam may be abstract?

Hypothesis: Another reason why Islamic art is usually abstract is to symbolize the transcendence, indivisible and infinite nature of God, an objective achieved by arabesque.


Premise: What war was being fought by France in 1953?

Hypothesis: Early in 1953, the French asked Eisenhower for help in French Indochina against the Communists, supplied from China, who were fighting the First Indochina War.


Premise: Traits and gene frequencies do not always correspond to what type of location?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, the greater the number of traits (or alleles) considered, the more subdivisions of humanity are detected, since traits and gene frequencies do not always correspond to the same geographical location.


Premise: In what month did the AFL season originally begin?

Hypothesis: In conjunction with this, the league moved the beginning of the season from May to February (the week after the NFL's Super Bowl) and scheduled most of its games on Sunday instead of Friday or Saturday as it had in the past.


Premise: What has been part of the celebrations for many years?

Hypothesis: Customs originated in the onetime French colonial capitals of Mobile (now in Alabama), New Orleans (Louisiana) and Biloxi (Mississippi), all of which have celebrated for many years with street parades and masked balls.


Premise: In which type of organism do the smallest genomes occur?

Hypothesis: The genome size, and the number of genes it encodes varies widely between organisms.


Premise: What did Gaddafi do in 1973?

Hypothesis: In February 1973, he resigned again, once more returning the following month.


Premise: What did the 2012 study say was doubled by the use of GM cotton?

Hypothesis: cotton farming in China found that after seven years these secondary pests that were normally controlled by pesticide had increased, necessitating the use of pesticides at similar levels to non-Bt cotton and causing less profit for farmers because of the extra expense of GM seeds.


Premise: Before he began studying economics, what concept did Hayek come up with that was later featured in his 1952 book?

Hypothesis: In The Sensory Order: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Theoretical Psychology (1952), Hayek independently developed a "Hebbian learning" model of learning and memory – an idea which he first conceived in 1920, prior to his study of economics.


Premise: In what settlement is the pub known as The Old Forge located?

Hypothesis: The remotest pub on the British mainland is The Old Forge in the village of Inverie, Lochaber, Scotland.


Premise: What type of ship was the liburna?

Hypothesis: The Livonian Chronicle describes the Oeselians as using two kinds of ships, the piratica and the liburna.


Premise: Southern Italy and south-eastern Sicily were colonized by the Greeks in what century?

Hypothesis: Southern Italy (Magna Graecia) and south-eastern Sicily had been colonized by the Greeks during the 8th century.


Premise: The 1855 Room is name for which European emperor?

Hypothesis: At the centre of this suite is the Bow Room, through which thousands of guests pass annually to the Queen's Garden Parties in the Gardens.


Premise: What is different in a shifted code?

Hypothesis: The committee debated the possibility of a shift function (like in ITA2), which would allow more than 64 codes to be represented by a six-bit code.


Premise: What is Sumerian writing considered to be in the development of man's ability to create literature?

Hypothesis: Sumerian writing, while proven to be not the oldest example of writing on earth, is considered to be a great milestone in the development of man's ability to not only create historical records but also in creating pieces of literature both in the form of poetic epics and stories as well as prayers and laws.


Premise: The 19th century marks the foundation of many what?

Hypothesis: Many symphony orchestras date their founding to this era.


Premise: What is a second recording that is of note?

Hypothesis: In recent years a large number of wartime recordings relating to the Blitz have been made available on audiobooks such as The Blitz, The Home Front and British War Broadcasting.


Premise: Why did demonstrators attack Russian soldiers in Khujand?

Hypothesis: Although the Jadidists were pro-modernization and not necessarily anti-Russian the Russians viewed the movement as a threat.[citation needed]


Premise: What did the FlaK 39 have?

Hypothesis: Some World War I guns were retained and some covert AA training started in the late 1920s.


Premise: What force devastated resupply attempts by the Japanese?

Hypothesis: On 7 December U.S. Army units landed at Ormoc Bay and, after a major land and air battle, cut off the Japanese ability to reinforce and supply Leyte.


Premise: In what year were LD jukeboxes created?

Hypothesis: In 1985, Jasmine Multimedia created LaserDisc Juke Boxes featuring music videos from Michael Jackson, Duran Duran, and Cyndi Lauper.


Premise: What video game features Santa Monica in 2003?

Hypothesis: Santa Monica is featured in the video games True Crime: Streets of LA (2003), Vampire:


Premise: Where does JAmes find Dr. Swann?

Hypothesis: Bond locates Swann at the Hoffler Klinik, but she is abducted by Hinx.


Premise: Over what numerical scale is color measured on a computer screen?

Hypothesis: The intensity of each component is measured on a scale of zero to 255, which means the complete list includes 16,777,216 distinct colors and shades.


Premise: During what time period did the Albigensian Crusade occur?

Hypothesis: Dominic was fired by a reforming zeal after they encountered Albigensian Christians at Toulouse.


Premise: Are standard traffic patterns right-handed or left-handed?

Hypothesis: Right-handed patterns do exist, usually because of obstacles such as a mountain, or to reduce noise for local residents.


Premise: What did the MLB All-Star winning team gain in the World Series?

Hypothesis: Exhibitions between inter-city teams in different leagues, like Chicago's Crosstown Classic and New York's Subway Series which used to be played solely as exhibitions for bragging rights are now blended into interleague play.


Premise: What British architect was responsible for designing much of New Delhi?

Hypothesis: New Delhi is structured around two central promenades called the Rajpath and the Janpath.


Premise: What is one type of capacitor that has a specified rating value for maximum ripple current?

Hypothesis: The equivalent series resistance (ESR) is the amount of internal series resistance one would add to a perfect capacitor to model this.


Premise: Where have flax fibers which may have been used in clothing found?

Hypothesis: Dyed flax fibers that could have been used in clothing have been found in a prehistoric cave in the Republic of Georgia that date back to 36,000 BP.


Premise: What was the cause of Publius's failures according to Roman feeling?

Hypothesis: In the early days of Rome's war against Carthage, the commander Publius Claudius Pulcher (consul 249 BC) launched a sea campaign "though the sacred chickens would not eat when he took the auspices."


Premise: Which class of people founded the madaris during the medieval period?

Hypothesis: During the rule of the Fatimid and Mamluk dynasties and their successor states in the medieval Middle East, many of the ruling elite founded madaris through a religious endowment known as the waqf.


Premise: How many IMAX screens was Spectre shown on in North America?

Hypothesis: In the United States and Canada, the film opened on 6 November 2015, and in its opening weekend, was originally projected to gross $70–75 million from 3,927 screens, the widest release for a Bond film.


Premise: What other genres of music are enjoyed in Cyprus?

Hypothesis: Hip Hop, R&B and reggae have been supported by the emergence of Cypriot rap and the urban music scene at Ayia Napa.


Premise: NICE decides the availability of drugs in which two countries?

Hypothesis: In England and Wales NICE decides whether and in what circumstances drugs and technologies will be made available by the NHS, whilst similar arrangements exist with the Scottish Medicines Consortium in Scotland, and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee in Australia.


Premise: About what percentage is New York City's population of the New York metropolitan area's population?

Hypothesis: New York City's population amounts to about 40% of New York State's population and a similar percentage of the New York metropolitan area population.


Premise: Who is the current rector of The University of the Republic?

Hypothesis: Its current Rector is Dr. Rodrigo Arocena.


Premise: What is the state called between lives?

Hypothesis: According to East Asian and Tibetan Buddhism, there is an intermediate state (Tibetan "bardo") between one life and the next.


Premise: How is the presence of sugar shown by using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution?

Hypothesis: Specifically, using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution the presence of the sugar is signaled by a color change from blue Cu(II) to reddish copper(I) oxide.


Premise: How many finalists were there on season eight of American Idol?

Hypothesis: A new feature introduced was the "Judges' Save", and Matt Giraud was saved from elimination at the top seven by the judges when he received the fewest votes.


Premise: When FIFA ban Barcelona from buying players?

Hypothesis: " FIFA rejected an appeal in August but the pending appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport allowed Barcelona to sign players during the summer of 2014.


Premise: What family of languages is the M1 haplogroup associated with?

Hypothesis: This haplogroup is also thought to possibly correlate with the Afro-Asiatic language family:


Premise: One company that IBM acquired in 2002 is?

Hypothesis: In 2002, IBM acquired PwC consulting.


Premise: When did the Russian Parliament ratify the Belavezha Accords?

Hypothesis: On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty.


Premise: From what part of England did Bede come?

Hypothesis: Monks were also the authors of new works, including history, theology, and other subjects, written by authors such as Bede (d. 735), a native of northern England who wrote in the late 7th and early 8th centuries.


Premise: Where was the VIII International Congress of Photography held?

Hypothesis: It grew out of drafts for a standardized method of sensitometry put forward by Deutscher Normenausschuß für Phototechnik as proposed by the committee for sensitometry of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für photographische Forschung since 1930 and presented by Robert Luther (de) (1868–1945) and Emanuel Goldberg (1881–1970) at the influential VIII.


Premise: When was the University of Kansas School of Business established?

Hypothesis: The KU School of Business was founded in 1924 and currently has more than 80 faculty members and approximately 1500 students.


Premise: Who, at the start of the primaries, had the most single campaign contributors?

Hypothesis: According to the Federal Election Commission statistics, LaRouche had more individual contributors to his 2004 presidential campaign than any other candidate, until the final quarter of the primary season, when John Kerry surpassed him.


Premise: What style of singing is absent from R&B played on urban adult contemporary format stations?

Hypothesis: In response to the pressure on Hot AC, a new kind of AC format cropped up among American radio recently.


Premise: What government office found high levels of formaldehyde in non-wrinkle clothing in 2008?

Hypothesis: A resin used for making non-wrinkle shirts releases formaldehyde, which could cause contact dermatitis for some people; no disclosure requirements exist, and in 2008 the U.S. Government Accountability Office tested formaldehyde in clothing and found that generally the highest levels were in non-wrinkle shirts and pants.


Premise: What did  Chancellor Wrighton state as one of the reasons for hosting another debate at Washington University?

Hypothesis: Although Chancellor Wrighton had noted after the 2004 debate that it would be "improbable" that the university will host another debate and was not eager to commit to the possibility, he subsequently changed his view and the university submitted a bid for the 2008 debates.


Premise: What was Olympic Airways known as after 2003?

Hypothesis: Between 1975 and 2009, Olympic Airways (known after 2003 as Olympic Airlines) was the country’s state-owned flag carrier, but financial problems led to its privatization and relaunch as Olympic Air in 2009.


Premise: How old is the Spanish language in the United States?

Hypothesis: The Spanish language has been present in what is now the United States since the 16th and 17th centuries, with the arrival of Spanish colonization in North America that would later become the states of Florida, Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and California.


Premise: Who said that Chopin set out "into the wide world, with no very clearly defined aim, forever?"

Hypothesis: Chopin's successes as a composer and performer opened the door to western Europe for him, and on 2 November 1830, he set out, in the words of Zdzisław Jachimecki, "into the wide world, with no very clearly defined aim, forever."


Premise: Where can Adobe Flash now be used?

Hypothesis: The Internet Explorer app does not support plugins or ActiveX components, but includes a version of Adobe Flash Player that is optimized for touch and low power usage.


Premise: What was Lord Goring's garden known as?

Hypothesis: The next owner was Lord Goring, who from 1633 extended Blake's house and developed much of today's garden, then known as Goring Great Garden.


Premise: How many people were killed in the explosions at the Boston marathon?

Hypothesis: On April 15, 2013, two explosions killed three people and injured hundreds at the marathon.


Premise: How many polytechnics are there in Singapore?

Hypothesis: Polytechnics offer three-year diploma courses in fields such as information technology, engineering subjects and other vocational fields, like psychology and nursing.


Premise: When did the Russian Caucasus Army advance into eastern Anatolia?

Hypothesis: The genocide was carried out during and after World War I and implemented in two phases: the wholesale killing of the able-bodied male population through massacre and subjection of army conscripts to forced labour, followed by the deportation of women, children, the elderly and infirm on death marches leading to the Syrian desert.


Premise: What percentage of the French vote approved Napoleon's new constitution?

Hypothesis: In a new plebiscite during the spring of 1802, the French public came out in huge numbers to approve a constitution that made the Consulate permanent, essentially elevating Napoleon to dictator for life.


Premise: What was one of the most important ways that post-punk artists created their new sound?

Hypothesis: Throbbing Gristle's independent label Industrial Records would become a hub for this scene and provide it with its namesake.


Premise: Is adolescence usually accompanied by increased parental supervision or increased independence?

Hypothesis: Adolescence is usually accompanied by an increased independence allowed by the parents or legal guardians, including less supervision as compared to preadolescence.


Premise: Von Neumann's study of what preceded the discovery of DNA?

Hypothesis: Von Neumann's mathematical analysis of the structure of self-replication preceded the discovery of the structure of DNA.


Premise: What is the effect of there no longer being a stigma on interracial marriage?

Hypothesis: After a lengthy period of formal racial segregation in the former Confederacy following the Reconstruction Era, and bans on interracial marriage in various parts of the country, more people are openly forming interracial unions.


Premise: What types of programs provide traditional Islamic teaching?

Hypothesis: Today, the system of Arabic and Islamic education has grown and further integrated with Kerala government administration.


Premise: Which borough of New York was the Battle of Long Island fought?

Hypothesis: After the battle, in which the Americans were defeated, leaving subsequent smaller armed engagements following in its wake, the city became the British military and political base of operations in North America.


Premise: How much does a Samba costume typically run an average tourist to buy?

Hypothesis: Blocos are small informal groups with a definite theme in their samba, usually satirizing the political situation.


Premise: Employment on the island is dominated by what sector?

Hypothesis: St Helena’s private sector employs approximately 45% of the employed labour force and is largely dominated by small and micro businesses with 218 private businesses employing 886 in 2004.


Premise: What category does the major farming production crop in Burma fall into ?

Hypothesis: Rice accounts for 97% of total food grain production by weight.


Premise: What is given to the host cell?

Hypothesis: As a result, the host favors endosymbiont's growth processes within itself by producing some specialized cells.


Premise: By which name is the country called by most English speaking countries?

Hypothesis: Official United States policy retains Burma as the country's name, although the State Department's website lists the country as "Burma (Myanmar)" and Barack Obama has referred to the country by both names.


Premise: What Chinese leader traveled to Yugoslavia in 1979?

Hypothesis: In 1978, Tito traveled to the U.S.


Premise: How long did the store operate for?

Hypothesis: Serving Manchester's upmarket clientele for over 200 years, it was taken over by House of Fraser and recently rebranded as House of Fraser Manchester – although most Mancunians still refer to it as Kendals.


Premise: In what city was the Bell Telephone Memorial constructed?

Hypothesis: These included statuary monuments to both him and the new form of communication his telephone created, notably the Bell Telephone Memorial erected in his honor in Alexander Graham Bell Gardens in Brantford, Ontario, in 1917.


Premise: Who took Urban's spot at the New York auditions?

Hypothesis: Randy Jackson did not return as the in-house mentor for this season.


Premise: What kind of tube are the movie theaters lights enclosed in?

Hypothesis: In a movie theater, steps in the aisles are usually marked with a row of small lights for convenience and safety, when the film has started and the other lights are off.


Premise: What was formed on the 1st October 2007?

Hypothesis: The Trust is currently the largest in the UK and has an annual turnover of £800 million, treating more than a million patients a year.[citation needed]


Premise: Under which President was the Tenure of Office Act repealed?

Hypothesis: Grover Cleveland, the first Democratic President following Johnson, attempted to restore the power of his office.


Premise: During what notable Middle East conflict is it believed by some that Universities received influence from madrasas?

Hypothesis: Many scholars (including Makdisi) have argued that early medieval universities were influenced by the religious madrasahs in Al-Andalus, the Emirate of Sicily, and the Middle East (during the Crusades).


Premise: What causes increased pollution and levels of bacteria such as E. coli to rise in the Yarra River and its tributaries?

Hypothesis: Other major pollution problems in Melbourne include levels of bacteria including E. coli in the Yarra River and its tributaries caused by septic systems, as well as litter.


Premise: St. Barts is one of the what group of islands?

Hypothesis: A much bigger islet, Île Fourchue, lies on the north of the island, in the Saint-Barthélemy Channel.


Premise: When would other targets be considered available?

Hypothesis: Other targets would be considered if the primary ones could not be attacked because of weather conditions.


Premise: What kind of losses take place in transformers and inductors during conversion/transmission process?

Hypothesis: Both the transmission and conversion of electric energy involve losses: ohmic losses in wires and power electronics, magnetic field losses in transformers and smoothing reactors (inductors).


Premise: Bell used his own design in all public demonstrations and what?

Hypothesis: After March 1876, Bell focused on improving the electromagnetic telephone and never used Gray's liquid transmitter in public demonstrations or commercial use.


Premise: Where was Madame Satã?

Hypothesis: Members of that group would later go on to collaborate with members of the Birthday Party.


Premise: Where does the name theravada come from?

Hypothesis: The name Theravāda comes from the ancestral Sthāvirīya, one of the early Buddhist schools, from which the Theravadins claim descent.


Premise: Where did the fighting begin?

Hypothesis: There were initial South Korean claims that they had captured the city of Haeju, and this sequence of events has led some scholars to argue that the South Koreans actually fired first.


Premise: An idealist considers what as the most important?

Hypothesis: The basic proposition of these two categories pertains to the nature of reality, and the primary distinction between them is the way they answer two fundamental questions: "what does reality consist of?"


Premise: In what year did Liverpool announce that they would build their own Stanley Park Stadium?

Hypothesis: There have been indications since 1996 that Everton will move to a new stadium.


Premise: What body of water provided a natural border to the UN command-controlled Pusan perimeter?

Hypothesis: By September, the UN Command controlled the Pusan perimeter, enclosing about 10% of Korea, in a line partially defined by the Nakdong River.


Premise: How far below the national average is the average annual salary in Southampton?

Hypothesis: In January 2007, the average annual salary in the city was £22,267.


Premise: Why is Isaac Hunter's Tavern popular?

Hypothesis: No known city or town existed previously on the chosen city site.


Premise: How many listed buildings are present in the Barbican area?

Hypothesis: The early port settlement of Plymouth, called "Sutton", approximates to the area now referred to as the Barbican and has 100 listed buildings and the largest concentration of cobbled streets in Britain.


Premise: What nation's cameras does the CIPA DC-004 apply to?

Hypothesis: As those earlier techniques did not allow for measurement from images produced with lossy compression, they cannot be used at all on cameras that produce images only in JPEG format.


Premise: Where is Youtube headquartered?

Hypothesis: YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries.


Premise: The seven years' war  changed the British state focus from trade to protecting  europe and defending  which colonies?

Hypothesis: Between 1756 and 1763, the Seven Years' War diverted the state's attention towards consolidation and defence of its territorial possessions in Europe and its colonies in North America.


Premise: What is the pramanas for perception?

Hypothesis: Ancient and medieval Hindu texts identify six pramāṇas as correct means of accurate knowledge and truths: pratyakṣa (perception), anumāṇa (inference), upamāṇa (comparison and analogy), arthāpatti (postulation, derivation from circumstances), anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof) and śabda (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts)


Premise: What was President Arnold R. Weber able to do with Northwestern's finances as the government's support of universities declined in the 70's and 80's?

Hypothesis: Though government support for universities declined in the 1970s and 1980s, President Arnold R. Weber was able to stabilize university finances, leading to a revitalization of the campuses.


Premise: What did Galvani name the effect he created of causing the frogs legs to twitch?

Hypothesis: Italian doctor Luigi Galvani discovered in 1780 that connecting the spinal cord of a freshly dissected frog to an iron rail attached by a brass hook caused the frog's leg to twitch.


Premise: How much did the Skylab 1 weigh?

Hypothesis: It weighed 169,950 pounds (77,090 kg), was 58 feet (18 m) long by 21.7 feet (6.6 m) in diameter, with a habitable volume of 10,000 cubic feet (280 m3).


Premise: What was the name of the last residential area built by the British Raj?

Hypothesis: Built in the 1940s, to house government employees, with bungalows for senior officials in the nearby Lodhi Estate area, Lodhi colony near historic Lodhi Gardens, was the last residential areas built by the British Raj.


Premise: Where in Southeast Asia has early use of cotton been discovered?

Hypothesis: The earliest evidence of cotton use in South Asia has been found at the site of Mehrgarh, Pakistan, where cotton threads have been found preserved in copper beads; these finds have been dated to Neolithic (between 6000 and 5000 BCE).


Premise: When did the single tectonic plate break into separate plates?

Hypothesis: The Tethys was later squeezed between colliding plates causing the formation of mountain ranges called the Alpide belt, from Gibraltar through the Himalayas to Indonesia—a process that began at the end of the Mesozoic and continues into the present.


Premise: How many times was London attacked?

Hypothesis: Over a period of 267 days, London was attacked 71 times, Birmingham, Liverpool and Plymouth eight times, Bristol six, Glasgow five, Southampton four, Portsmouth and Hull three and a minimum of one large raid on eight other cities.


Premise: Which non-profit non-governmental organization is located in Ann Arbor?

Hypothesis: Pfizer, once the city's second largest employer, operated a large pharmaceutical research facility on the northeast side of Ann Arbor.


Premise: What includes such languages as Sumerian and Akkadian?

Hypothesis: For example, "Near Eastern Languages" in the ancient sense includes such languages as Sumerian and Akkadian.


Premise: What is something that can be accomplished by a thermal mass system?

Hypothesis: Well-designed systems can lower peak demand, shift time-of-use to off-peak hours and reduce overall heating and cooling requirements.


Premise: According to the 2000 United States Census, what percentage of the population of Atlantic City were white?

Hypothesis: As of the 2000 United States Census there were 40,517 people, 15,848 households, and 8,700 families residing in the city.


Premise: Who prompted Eritrea to be federated with Ethiopia in 1950?

Hypothesis: The resolution called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to be linked through a loose federal structure under the sovereignty of the Emperor.


Premise: Roger Bacon,Walter Burley and Blasius of Parma were from what century?

Hypothesis: Although Lucretius argued for the existence of vacuum in the first century BC and Hero of Alexandria tried unsuccessfully to create an artificial vacuum in the first century AD, it was European scholars such as Roger Bacon, Blasius of Parma and Walter Burley in the 13th and 14th century who focused considerable attention on these issues.


Premise: What book could be found in The Dartford sister's library?

Hypothesis: Sections of translations of spiritual writings in Dartford's library, such as Suso's Little Book of Eternal Wisdom and Laurent du Bois' Somme le Roi, show that the "ghoostli" link to Europe was not lost in the crossing of the Channel.


Premise: Which view treats intellectual property as another type of "real" property?

Hypothesis: The stated objective of most intellectual property law (with the exception of trademarks) is to "Promote progress."


Premise: When was Saint Valentine martyred?

Hypothesis: Saint Valentine, a Roman Catholic Bishop or priest who was martyred in about 296 AD, seems to have had no known connection with romantic love, but the day of his martyrdom on the Roman Catholic calendar, Saint Valentine's Day (February 14), became, in the 14th century, an occasion for lovers to send messages to each other.


Premise: What were the trigonometric functions that Aryabhata discovered?

Hypothesis: He also lucidly explained the use of zero as both a placeholder and a decimal digit, along with the Hindu-Arabic numeral system now used universally throughout the world.


Premise: What are two ways to reverse an asthma attack?

Hypothesis: It is defined by the Global Initiative for Asthma as "a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role.


Premise: What is the name of major road race that places within the city?

Hypothesis: The city is home to the Pilot Pen International tennis event, which takes place every August at the Connecticut Tennis Center, one of the largest tennis venues in the world.


Premise: What was the first monotheistic religion?

Hypothesis: In Judaism, it is common to refer to God by the titular names Elohim or Adonai, the latter of which is believed by some scholars to descend from the Egyptian Aten.


Premise: What was Nicholas Lezard's description of post-punk?

Hypothesis: Nicholas Lezard described post-punk as "a fusion of art and music".


Premise: How long is Greece's coastline?

Hypothesis: Located in Southern Europe, Greece consists of a mountainous, peninsular mainland jutting out into the sea at the southern end of the Balkans, ending at the Peloponnese peninsula (separated from the mainland by the canal of the Isthmus of Corinth) and strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa.


Premise: Which development in 1915 played a key role in developing Alaska?

Hypothesis: Built around 1915, the Alaska Railroad (ARR) played a key role in the development of Alaska through the 20th century.


Premise: When did Burke sign a contract for a history of England?

Hypothesis: On 25 February 1757, Burke signed a contract with Robert Dodsley to write a "history of England from the time of Julius Caesar to the end of the reign of Queen Anne", its length being eighty quarto sheets (640 pages), nearly 400,000 words.


Premise: IBM sold its personal computer business to what company?

Hypothesis: A year later IBM launched Secure Blue, a low-cost hardware design for data encryption that can be built into a microprocessor.


Premise: On what is agriculture almost completely dependent?

Hypothesis: The Fabaceae, or legume family, comes in second place.


Premise: What was Gaddafi's coup called?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi's Free Officers recognized this as their chance to overthrow the monarchy, initiating "Operation Jerusalem".


Premise: What idea did Tanselle champion?

Hypothesis: In his writings, Tanselle refers to "unconstrained authorial intention" or "an author's uninfluenced intentions."


Premise: What was the former name of the Comcast Building, location of GE's main offices?

Hypothesis: It was formerly known as the GE Building for the prominent GE logo on the roof; NBC's headquarters and main studios are also located in the building.


Premise: What season is black bear hunting allowed?

Hypothesis: Montana is home to the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation and has a historic big game hunting tradition.


Premise: Through what period did Peter I rule?

Hypothesis: Ruling from 1682 to 1725, Peter defeated Sweden in the Great Northern War, forcing it to cede West Karelia and Ingria (two regions lost by Russia in the Time of Troubles), as well as Estland and Livland, securing Russia's access to the sea and sea trade.


Premise: What are editors trying to ultimately accomplish?

Hypothesis: McKerrow had articulated textual criticism's goal in terms of "our ideal of an author's fair copy of his work in its final state".


Premise: How fast did Sturgeon and Davenport's motors run?

Hypothesis: Like Sturgeon's motor, there was no practical commercial market for these motors.


Premise: Puberty causes what to happen in boys?

Hypothesis: Some boys may develop gynecomastia due to an imbalance of sex hormones, tissue responsiveness or obesity.


Premise: How much of the Nigerian population has access to clean water?

Hypothesis: As of 2014[update], Life expectancy in Nigeria is 52.62 years on average according to CIA, and just over half the population have access to potable water and appropriate sanitation; As of 2010[update], the Infant mortality is 8.4 deaths per 1000 live births.


Premise: The Greek and Ottoman Navy fought in which waters?

Hypothesis: By the end of the month, the Peloponnese was in open revolt against the Ottomans and by October 1821 the Greeks under Theodoros Kolokotronis had captured Tripolitsa.


Premise: What form of attack was an effective measure of slowing Korean armor?

Hypothesis: These drove against a ROK Army with few anti-tank weapons adequate to deal with the Soviet T-34s.


Premise: What peace keeping effort is the Canadian Military part of?

Hypothesis: Canadian soldiers, sailors, and aviators came to be considered world-class professionals through conspicuous service during these conflicts and the country's integral participation in NATO during the Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War, and in United Nations Peacekeeping operations, such as the Suez Crisis, Golan Heights, Cyprus, Croatia, Bosnia, Afghanistan, and Libya.


Premise: Which government built the island's airport?

Hypothesis: The airport is also expected to kick start the tourism industry, with up to 30,000 visitors expected annually.


Premise: What two companies use the AAC format for music files?

Hypothesis: Examples include CD copy-protection schemes, and mobile phones, such as phones from Sony Ericsson and Nokia, which play AAC files rather than WMA.


Premise: What flame did Theodosius extinguish to remove the Vestals from power?

Hypothesis: He not only refused to restore Victory to the senate-house, but extinguished the Sacred fire of the Vestals and vacated their temple: the senatorial protest was expressed in a letter by Quintus Aurelius Symmachus to the Western and Eastern emperors.


Premise: Who studies the accent at the University of Pennsylvania?

Hypothesis: Thanks to over a century of linguistics data collected by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania, the Philadelphia dialect under sociolinguist William Labov has been one of the best-studied forms of American English.[f]


Premise: What is the term for the gait of an insect characterized by walking in alternating triangles?

Hypothesis: Insects can communicate with each other in a variety of ways.


Premise: What is the 3rd mark of existence?

Hypothesis: Upon careful examination, one finds that no phenomenon is really "I" or "mine"; these concepts are in fact constructed by the mind.


Premise: Who wrote an article in the New York Dail News about Obama?

Hypothesis: During the 2008 campaign, the African-American columnist David Ehrenstein of the LA Times accused white liberals of flocking to Obama because he was a "Magic Negro", a term that refers to a black person with no past who simply appears to assist the mainstream white (as cultural protagonists/drivers) agenda.


Premise: According to Clayton Holdings, how many mortgages issued from January 2006 to June 2007 met underwriting standards?

Hypothesis: In separate testimony to Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, officers of Clayton Holdings—the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company in the United States and Europe—testified that Clayton's review of over 900,000 mortgages issued from January 2006 to June 2007 revealed that scarcely 54% of the loans met their originators’ underwriting standards.


Premise: What religion was Burke's mother?

Hypothesis: Burke's religious thought was grounded in the belief that religion is the foundation of civil society.


Premise: Her video of "Material Girl" was an imitation of which singer's song, "Diamonds are a girl's best friend?"

Hypothesis: The next hit was "Material Girl" promoted by her video, a mimicry of Marilyn Monroe's performance of the song "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend" from the 1953 film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes.


Premise: According to Locke, the revolutions of the late 1700s and early 1800s were caused when what could not be resolved peacefully?

Hypothesis: Clearly a governance philosophy where the king was never wrong was in direct conflict with one whereby citizens by natural law had to consent to the acts and rulings of their government.


Premise: Which two contestants were eliminated the following week?

Hypothesis: This season saw the first Idol Gives Back telethon-inspired event, which raised more than $76 million in corporate and viewer donations.


Premise: What percentage of the entire EU's dwt does Greece alone represent?

Hypothesis: Additionally, Greece represents 39.52% of all of the European Union's dwt.


Premise: What year did Pilote begin?

Hypothesis: A group including René Goscinny and Albert Uderzo founded the magazine Pilote in 1959 to give artists greater freedom over their work.


Premise: What group condemned mixed faith marriages?

Hypothesis: Unmoved by a harsh condemnation by the Congregation of Faith on mixed marriages precisely at this time of the visit, Paul VI and Ramsey appointed a preparatory commission which was to put the common agenda into practice on such issues as mixed marriages.


Premise: In what building is the current School of Architecture housed at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: The university is globally recognized for its Notre Dame School of Architecture, a faculty that teaches (pre-modernist) traditional and classical architecture and urban planning (e.g. following the principles of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture).


Premise: Which nicknames were used to form the conservative and liberal elements?

Hypothesis: In the constituent legislature or convention, the conservative and liberal elements formed using the nicknames of Chirrines and Cuchas.


Premise: What act showed that Kerry's fight for the White House was in trouble?

Hypothesis: Heading into the primaries, Kerry's campaign was largely seen as in trouble, particularly after he fired campaign manager Jim Jordan.


Premise: How many British and Australian prisoners survived out of about 2500 around Sandakan?

Hypothesis: Although the campaign was criticized in Australia at the time, and in subsequent years, as pointless or a "waste" of the lives of soldiers, it did achieve a number of objectives, such as increasing the isolation of significant Japanese forces occupying the main part of the Dutch East Indies, capturing major oil supplies and freeing Allied prisoners of war, who were being held in deteriorating conditions.


Premise: Who invented low voltage electrolytic capacitors with porous carbon electrodes?

Hypothesis: In 1957 H. Becker developed a "Low voltage electrolytic capacitor with porous carbon electrodes".


Premise: What signals plants to synchronize their internal clocks?

Hypothesis: The cryptochrome (cry) gene is also a light-sensitive component of the circadian clock and is thought to be involved both as a photoreceptor and as part of the clock's endogenous pacemaker mechanism.


Premise: What was the focus of the Northern Renaissance?

Hypothesis: The Northern Renaissance, on the other hand, showed a decisive shift in focus from Aristoteleian natural philosophy to chemistry and the biological sciences (botany, anatomy, and medicine).


Premise: In 1830, what part of England did Victoria travel to with Dutchess of Kent and Conroy?

Hypothesis: Similar journeys to other parts of England and Wales were taken in 1832, 1833, 1834 and 1835.


Premise: What was the job of the person who lived at 327 East 17th Street?

Hypothesis: Composer Antonín Dvořák's New York home was located at 327 East 17th Street, near Perlman Place.


Premise: What date did North Carolina ratify the constitution?

Hypothesis: On November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the twelfth state to ratify the Constitution.


Premise: About how many people are likely to live in Kathmandu in 2021?

Hypothesis: The population was projected to reach 915,071 in 2011 and 1,319,597 by 2021.


Premise: In what year did the Fourth Crusade occur?

Hypothesis: During the 12th and 13th centuries, there were a series of conflicts between those states and the surrounding Islamic states.


Premise: How does the APG system of 1998, with its 2003 and 2009 revisions, treat flowering plants?

Hypothesis: The Reveal system treated flowering plants as subdivision Magnoliophytina (Frohne & U. Jensen ex Reveal, Phytologia 79: 70 1996), but later split it to Magnoliopsida, Liliopsida, and Rosopsida.


Premise: Since what year has there been a daily broadcast on All India Radio?

Hypothesis: Since 1974, there has been a short daily news broadcast on state-run All India Radio.


Premise: The importance of what military arm increased during the Carolingian era?

Hypothesis: The importance of infantry and light cavalry began to decline during the early Carolingian period, with a growing dominance of elite heavy cavalry.


Premise: What did Dewey think about reality?

Hypothesis: The role of sense experience in Dewey's theory is crucial, in that he saw experience as unified totality of things through which everything else is interrelated.


Premise: What is the total complement of genes in an organism or cell known as?

Hypothesis: The total complement of genes in an organism or cell is known as its genome, which may be stored on one or more chromosomes.


Premise: What do the people each club elect oversee?

Hypothesis: The clubs elect a chairman, chief executive, and board of directors to oversee the daily operations of the league.


Premise: In what manner did hydraulic cranes employ Pascal's law?

Hypothesis: These quickly supplanted the earlier steam driven elevators: exploiting Pascal's law, they provided a much greater force.


Premise: Why was the case of Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow overturned?

Hypothesis: In reaction to the case, Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow, both houses of Congress passed measures reaffirming their support for the pledge, and condemning the panel's ruling.


Premise: How many times did Barcelona win the Copa del Rey?

Hypothesis: Barça beat Athletic Bilbao 4–1 in the 2009 Copa del Rey Final, winning the competition for a record-breaking 25th time.


Premise: Beyonce was listed in 2011 as the highest paid performer per what?

Hypothesis: Later that year she became the first solo female artist to headline the main Pyramid stage at the 2011 Glastonbury Festival in over twenty years, and was named the highest-paid performer in the world per minute.


Premise: How did Nasser's government deal with human rights?

Hypothesis: Nasser remains an iconic figure in the Arab world, particularly for his strides towards social justice and Arab unity, modernization policies, and anti-imperialist efforts.


Premise: What can reduce the negative effects of inbreeding?

Hypothesis: Females paired with related males may undertake extra pair matings (see Promiscuity#Other animals for 90% frequency in avian species) that can reduce the negative effects of inbreeding.


Premise: What did the Arkansas law violate the constitutional prohibition of state laws in respect to?

Hypothesis: The court's opinion, written by Justice Abe Fortas, ruled that the Arkansas law violated "the constitutional prohibition of state laws respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.


Premise: How many commanly cited estimates did the body report on?

Hypothesis: The GAO report explained that the sources – a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) estimate, a Customs and Border Protection (CBP) press release and a Motor and Equipment Manufacturers Association estimate – "cannot be substantiated or traced back to an underlying data source or methodology."


Premise: In what year was Roberts ranked as the country's highest-paid executive?

Hypothesis: Roberts owns or controls just over 1% of all Comcast shares but all of the Class B supervoting shares, which gives him an "undilutable 33% voting power over the company".


Premise: A door in the vestible dates back to when?

Hypothesis: A door within the vestibule dates from around 1050 and is believed to be the oldest in England.[citation needed]


Premise: How did Peel standardize police?

Hypothesis: Peel, widely regarded as the father of modern policing, was heavily influenced by the social and legal philosophy of Jeremy Bentham, who called for a strong and centralized, but politically neutral, police force for the maintenance of social order, for the protection of people from crime and to act as a visible deterrent to urban crime and disorder.


Premise: In what year were Isabel I and Ferdinand II married?

Hypothesis: The 1469 marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon and the 1479 death of John II of Aragon led to the creation of modern-day Spain.


Premise: How much of the budget was allocated for city administration?

Hypothesis: The budget of the city for 2013 was €7.6 billion, of which 5.4 billion went for city administration, while €2.2 billion went for investment.


Premise: What causes fermentation during the brewing process when making a beer?

Hypothesis: The basic ingredients of beer are water; a starch source, such as malted barley, able to be saccharified (converted to sugars) then fermented (converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide); a brewer's yeast to produce the fermentation; and a flavouring such as hops.


Premise: What is a convertible form factor?

Hypothesis: A convertible can be transformed into a tablet where the attached input devices are hidden or removed leaving the display as the only input mechanism.


Premise: When did Kerry and Teresa meet?

Hypothesis: Teresa has three sons from her previous marriage to Heinz, Henry John Heinz IV, André Thierstein Heinz, and Christopher Drake Heinz.


Premise: What new phase of matter can be considered with a focus on elementary particles?

Hypothesis: A focus on an elementary-particle view of matter also leads to new phases of matter, such as the quark–gluon plasma.


Premise: Exposure to what natural element was necessary for early photographic plates?

Hypothesis: Many hours of exposure in the camera were required, making bitumen impractical for ordinary photography, but from the 1850s to the 1920s it was in common use as a photoresist in the production of printing plates for various photomechanical printing processes.[not in citation given]


Premise: When were the Baltic states asked to join NORDEFCO?

Hypothesis: Future co-operation will include sharing of national infrastructures for training purposes and specialisation of training areas (BALTTRAIN) and collective formation of battalion-sized contingents for use in the NATO rapid-response force.


Premise: Who did CinemaScore ask for input on the film?

Hypothesis: Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.


Premise: A 35 row theater at the edge of Bactria was found in what region?

Hypothesis: Theaters have also been found: for example, in Ai-Khanoum on the edge of Bactria, the theater has 35 rows – larger than the theater in Babylon.


Premise: When were the Waldensians created?

Hypothesis: In the early 1170s, Peter Waldo founded the Waldensians.


Premise: Why did Bell labs create their new type of capacitor?

Hypothesis: " Solid electrolyte tantalum capacitors were invented by Bell Laboratories in the early 1950s as a miniaturized and more reliable low-voltage support capacitor to complement their newly invented transistor.


Premise: What is the name of the book Friedman released in 1980?

Hypothesis: The "informal" economics presented in Milton Friedman's massively influential popular work Free to Choose (1980), is explicitly Hayekian in its account of the price system as a system for transmitting and co-ordinating knowledge.


Premise: On what date was the encirclement of Paris complete?

Hypothesis: The Germans expected to negotiate an end to the war but immediately ordered an advance on Paris; by 15 September Moltke issued the orders for an investment of Paris and on 20 September the encirclement was complete.


Premise: In which video did Madonna wear a rosary?

Hypothesis: Madonna's Italian-Catholic background and her relationship with her parents are reflected in the album Like a Prayer.


Premise: Programs that convert assembly language into machine language are called what?

Hypothesis: These mnemonics are collectively known as a computer's assembly language.


Premise: How many leader terrorists of Al Quada were involved with the 9/11 attacks directly that day?

Hypothesis: The city and surrounding area suffered the bulk of the economic damage and largest loss of human life in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks when 10 of the 19 terrorists associated with Al-Qaeda piloted American Airlines Flight 11 into the North Tower of the World Trade Center and United Airlines Flight 175 into the South Tower of the World Trade Center, and later destroyed them, killing 2,192 civilians, 343 firefighters, and 71 law enforcement officers who were in the towers and in the surrounding area.


Premise: What religion was suppressed in Libya?

Hypothesis: In doing so, they greatly expanded the public sector, providing employment for thousands.


Premise: Along with provinces what type of states did the Ottoman empire have control over?

Hypothesis: At the beginning of the 17th century the empire contained 32 provinces and numerous vassal states.


Premise: What cable news channel is based in New York?

Hypothesis: The television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy.


Premise: Who were the curia regis?

Hypothesis: One group was the familiares regis, John's immediate friends and knights who travelled around the country with him.


Premise: What can antibodies with artificial fluorescence be directed to do?

Hypothesis: For example, the use of antibodies made artificially fluorescent (fluorescently labeled antibodies) can be directed to bind to and identify a specific antigens present on a pathogen.


Premise: At what point could Athanasius return to Alexandria?

Hypothesis: Athanasius did, however, remain in contact with his people through his annual Festal Letters, in which he also announced on which date Easter would be celebrated that year.


Premise: What format is used for iPod game files?

Hypothesis: The games are in the form of .ipg files, which are actually .zip


Premise: How many times were Yale alumni on a presidential ticket between 1972 and 2004

Hypothesis: Yale alumni were represented on the Democratic or Republican ticket in every U.S. Presidential election between 1972 and 2004.


Premise: When was the Montevideo Crandon Institute founded?

Hypothesis: The Montevideo Crandon Institute boasts of being the first academic institution in South America where a home economics course was taught.


Premise: How long in total was the "blood of her purifying" for Mary?

Hypothesis: After Mary continued in the "blood of her purifying" another 33 days for a total of 40 days, she brought her burnt offering and sin offering to the Temple in Jerusalem,[Luke 2:22]


Premise: Noble Slavs pledged allegiance to whom?

Hypothesis: When their migratory movements ended, there appeared among the Slavs the first rudiments of state organizations, each headed by a prince with a treasury and a defense force.


Premise: Are there breed standards used for the competitions?

Hypothesis: Breed standards were drawn up for egg-laying, meat-type, and purely ornamental birds, aiming for uniformity.


Premise: What does the term "prehension" signify regarding an entities perceptions and relations?

Hypothesis: For Whitehead, the term "prehension" indicates that the perceiver actually incorporates aspects of the perceived thing into itself.


Premise: Who would get to attack Israel from Lebanon?

Hypothesis: In November, Nasser brokered an agreement between the PLO and the Lebanese military that granted Palestinian guerrillas the right to use Lebanese territory to attack Israel.


Premise: In classical times, what was Apollo's strong function in popular religion?

Hypothesis: In classical times, his strong function in popular religion was to keep away evil, and was therefore called "apotropaios" (ἀποτρέπω, "divert", "deter", "avert") and "alexikakos" (from v. ἀλέξω + n. κακόν, "defend from evil").


Premise: The ⟨bʰ⟩ in the Indo-Aryan languages is better transcribed how for breathy voice?

Hypothesis: This consonant is therefore more accurately transcribed as ⟨b̤⟩, with the diacritic for breathy voice, or with the modifier letter ⟨bʱ⟩, a superscript form of the symbol for the voiced glottal fricative ⟨ɦ⟩.


Premise: What instrument does the mandolin share the same tuning of?

Hypothesis: This is especially true of violin music, since the mandolin has the same tuning of the violin.


Premise: As a result, demonstrations were held in what two cities in December 2007?

Hypothesis: following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories, resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.


Premise: What was proposed for the abbey in June 2009?

Hypothesis: This was part of a wider £23m development of the abbey expected to be completed in 2013.


Premise: What does this group believe of the story of a Virgin mother for Mary and those who follow its teaching ?

Hypothesis: Contemporary Eastern Orthodox Christians often object to the dogmatic declaration of her immaculate conception as an "over-elaboration" of the faith and because they see it as too closely connected with a particular interpretation of the doctrine of ancestral sin.


Premise: On what side of the river is Begum Bazaar?

Hypothesis: Many historic and tourist sites lie in south central Hyderabad, such as the Charminar, the Mecca Masjid, the Salar Jung Museum, the Nizam's Museum, the Falaknuma Palace, and the traditional retail corridor comprising the Pearl Market, Laad Bazaar and Madina Circle.


Premise: Whose duties are defined as "support on Middle Eastern and North African countries?"

Hypothesis: Its duties are defined as "support on Middle Eastern and North African countries, as well as on the South Asian nations of India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan."