Premise: What belief was considered sacred by ancient civilizations?

Hypothesis: In the Pre-Modern era, many people's sense of self and purpose was often expressed via a faith in some form of deity, be that in a single God or in many gods.


Premise: How did Hadik respond to the Frederick force?

Hypothesis: Hadik, however, left the city with his Hussars and safely reached the Austrian lines.


Premise: Which three planets have small quadrupole moments compared to Neptune?

Hypothesis: Neptune's magnetic field has a complex geometry that includes relatively large contributions from non-dipolar components, including a strong quadrupole moment that may exceed the dipole moment in strength.


Premise: Who was the first torchbearer in Macao?

Hypothesis: Leong Hong Man and Leong Heng Teng were the first and last torchbearer in the relay respectively.


Premise: How many Major League baseball league pennants have New York teams won?

Hypothesis: There have been 35 Major League Baseball World Series and 73 pennants won by New York teams.


Premise: At that time, who helped develop materialism?

Hypothesis: The Nyaya–Vaisesika school (600 BC - 100 BC) developed one of the earliest forms of atomism, though their proofs of God and their positing that the consciousness was not material precludes labelling them as materialists.


Premise: In what year did an act establish the Hampshire County Council?

Hypothesis: This was officially changed to Hampshire in 1959 although the county had been commonly known as Hampshire or Hantscire for centuries.


Premise: What are some examples of philosophical physicalism?

Hypothesis: Philosophical physicalism has evolved from materialism with the discoveries of the physical sciences to incorporate more sophisticated notions of physicality than mere ordinary matter, such as: spacetime, physical energies and forces, dark matter, and so on.


Premise: What was tossed at the torch trying to put it out?

Hypothesis: Overall, the protests were peaceful in nature, although there were a few incidents such as the throwing of several water balloons in an attempt to extinguish the Olympic flame, and minor scuffles between Olympic protesters and supporters from Chinese immigrant communities.


Premise: In what year was the Brown Fellowship Society created?

Hypothesis: The city also had a large class of free people of color.


Premise: Above which amount is inheritance tax applied in Tennessee?

Hypothesis: The Tennessee income tax does not apply to salaries and wages, but most income from stock, bonds and notes receivable is taxable.


Premise: When was the Lodge of Edinburgh started?

Hypothesis: It is reputed to be the oldest Masonic Lodge in the world.


Premise: What is an example of a lesser-known instrument taught at Eton?

Hypothesis: Many instruments are taught, including obscure ones such as the didgeridoo.


Premise: The Qajars drove the Russians out of what entire region?

Hypothesis: In 1795, following the disobedience of the Georgian subjects and their alliance with the Russians, the Qajars captured Tblisi by the Battle of Krtsanisi, and drove the Russians out of the entire Caucasus, reestablishing a short-lived Iranian suzerainty over the region.


Premise: What did Eisenhower want to be done to the Eisenhower Pine?

Hypothesis: Not wanting to offend the president, the club's chairman, Clifford Roberts, immediately adjourned the meeting rather than reject the request.


Premise: What static inverter plant lies near New Haven?

Hypothesis: Near New Haven there is the static inverter plant of the HVDC Cross Sound Cable.


Premise: What is the name of the first film Madonna directed?

Hypothesis: She also directed her first film Filth and Wisdom.


Premise: Is mahogany a hardwood or a softwood?

Hypothesis: For example, mahogany is a medium-dense hardwood that is excellent for fine furniture crafting, whereas balsa is light, making it useful for model building.


Premise: What is an example of secular Northern Brick Gothic architecture from the 14th century?

Hypothesis: This kind of expressions of secular and economic power are also found in other late mediaeval commercial cities, including the Llotja de la Seda of Valencia, Spain, a purpose built silk exchange dating from the 15th century, in the partial remains of Westminster Hall in the Houses of Parliament in London, or the Palazzo Pubblico in Siena, Italy, a 13th-century town hall built to host the offices of the then prosperous republic of Siena.


Premise: What is the highest point on the island of Cyprus?

Hypothesis: The Troodos Mountains cover most of the southern and western portions of the island and account for roughly half its area.


Premise: In how many births do spontaneous cases of haemophilia arise?

Hypothesis: It is more likely that the mutation arose spontaneously because Victoria's father was over 50 at the time of her conception and haemophilia arises more frequently in the children of older fathers.


Premise: Who is blamed for all the strife of the previous year?

Hypothesis: Many towns in Croatia's Kvarner region (and in other parts of the country) observe the Carnival period, incorporating local traditions and celebrating local culture.


Premise: What was the Latin term for the Roman inns?

Hypothesis: After the departure of Roman authority in the 5th Century and the fall of the Romano-British kingdoms, the Anglo-Saxons established alehouses that grew out of domestic dwellings, the Anglo-Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole to let people know her brew was ready.


Premise: What kind of structure does a filter bank have?

Hypothesis: Due to the tree structure of the filter bank, pre-echo problems are made worse, as the combined impulse response of the two filter banks does not, and cannot, provide an optimum solution in time/frequency resolution.


Premise: Pitch perception  has inherent octave what?

Hypothesis: At least one model shows that a temporal delay is unnecessary to produce an autocorrelation model of pitch perception, appealing to phase shifts between cochlear filters; however, earlier work has shown that certain sounds with a prominent peak in their autocorrelation function do not elicit a corresponding pitch percept, and that certain sounds without a peak in their autocorrelation function nevertheless elicit a pitch.


Premise: Where was an experimental 6kV DC railway built?

Hypothesis: An experimental 6 kV DC railway was built in the Soviet Union.


Premise: What year did Estonia's War of Independence take place?

Hypothesis: In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language.


Premise: The necessary exists due to what?

Hypothesis: The Necessary exists 'due-to-Its-Self', and has no quiddity/essence (mahiyya) other than existence (wujud).


Premise: When was the Armistice Agreement signed?

Hypothesis: The United Nations Command, supported by the United States, the North Korean People's Army, and the Chinese People's Volunteers, signed the Armistice Agreement on 27 July 1953 to end the fighting.


Premise: What writer's entry in "The English Journal" was concerned with young adult fiction?

Hypothesis: An entry written by D. Mitchell featured in ‘‘The English Journal’’ explains how the author utilized young adult literature in order to re-experience the emotional psychology she experienced as a child which she describes as a state of “wonder”.


Premise: What three protien subunites are in the chennel transupport system?

Hypothesis: It is a simple system, which consists of only three protein subunits: the ABC protein, membrane fusion protein (MFP), and outer membrane protein (OMP)[specify].


Premise: What short story inspired the name Hildebrand Rarities and Antiques?

Hypothesis: Further references to Fleming's material can be found throughout the film; an MI6 safehouse is called "Hildebrand Rarities and Antiques", a reference to the short story "The Hildebrand Rarity" from the For Your Eyes Only short story collection.[citation needed]


Premise: What shape do glacial valleys have after being widened by glacation?

Hypothesis: Before glaciation, mountain valleys have a characteristic "V" shape, produced by eroding water.


Premise: In which city was evidence of pre-Uthmanic Quranic writing discovered in 1972?

Hypothesis: —a practice which was common in ancient times due to scarcity of writing material.


Premise: What artistic accomplishments can earn students a prize?

Hypothesis: Also of note are the Gladstone Memorial Prize and the Coutts Prize, awarded on the results of trials and AS-level examinations in C; and the Huxley Prize, awarded for a project on a scientific subject.


Premise: After the second delay, when was the dispersal draft schedule to occur?

Hypothesis: Shortly thereafter, another press release announced that the draft would be held on December 9 and free agency would commence on December 11.


Premise: Why were decoy towns used in WW2

Hypothesis: A number of decoy towns were constructed in Somerset in World War II to protect Bristol and other towns, at night.


Premise: What institution of a party to a treaty must act to fulfill the party's obligations under a non-self-executing treaty?

Hypothesis: If a treaty requires implementing legislation, a state may be in default of its obligations by the failure of its legislature to pass the necessary domestic laws.


Premise: How many warships does the Royal Canadian Navy have?

Hypothesis: The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), headed by the Commander of the Royal Canadian Navy, includes 33 warships and submarines deployed in two fleets: Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) at CFB Esquimalt on the west coast, and Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) at Her Majesty's Canadian Dockyard in Halifax on the east coast, as well as one formation: the Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ) at Quebec City, Quebec.


Premise: Who coined the term "Hellenistic?"

Hypothesis: "Hellenistic" is a modern word and a 19th-century concept; the idea of a Hellenistic period did not exist in Ancient Greece.


Premise: When did Deshin Shekpa travels start?

Hypothesis: Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would "sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric" when receiving religious instructions from him.


Premise: Who took over directing 'Interstellar'?

Hypothesis: In June 2006, Steven Spielberg announced he would direct a scientifically accurate film about "a group of explorers who travel through a worm hole and into another dimension", from a treatment by Kip Thorne and producer Lynda Obst.


Premise: What would be the most fit creature?

Hypothesis: This resemblance will not be perfect, however, because natural selection can be a poor designer.


Premise: What Congress members agreed with the Hill's assesment?

Hypothesis: and U.S. Congressman Luis Gutiérrez U.S. Congresswoman Nydia Velázquez, both of Puerto Rican ancestry, agreed with the The Hill 's statements.


Premise: How does Florida vote in presidential elections

Hypothesis: It has continued to support Republican presidential candidates through the 20th century, except in 1976 and 1996, when the Democratic nominee was from the South.


Premise: What major impact did the falling of the Songhai Empire have?

Hypothesis: The fall of the Songhai Empire marked the end of the region's role as a trading crossroads.


Premise: Where were Frédéric's parents located at when he saw them for the final time in 1835?

Hypothesis: He had made the acquaintance of their daughter Maria in Poland five years earlier, when she was eleven.


Premise: Did those in attendance at Dean's speech know about the "Dean Scream"?

Hypothesis: Besides the impact of coming in third, Dean was further hurt by a speech he gave at a post-caucus rally.


Premise: What was the name of Takakura's successor?

Hypothesis: Taira Kiyomori emerged as the real power in Japan following the Minamoto's destruction, and he would remain in command for the next 20 years.


Premise: What percentage of 14 year olds in 2009 said they would choose German for their nationality if they got to choose?

Hypothesis: And 78%, if free to choose their nation, would opt for German nationality with "near or absolute certainty".


Premise: What does Mary stand upon in this symbol?

Hypothesis: The moon is under her feet and a halo of twelve stars surround her head, possibly a reference to "a woman clothed with the sun" from Revelation 12:1-2.


Premise: How often is a leap day added to the Julian calendar year?

Hypothesis: In the Julian calendar a leap year occurs every 4 years, but the Gregorian calendar omits 3 leap days every 400 years.


Premise: Who was responsible for seeking justice in the Roman courts?

Hypothesis: All actions were treated as "torts," which were brought by an accuser who was forced to prove the entire case himself.


Premise: What fruit juice is a major Samoan export?

Hypothesis: The economy of Samoa has traditionally been dependent on agriculture and fishing at the local level.


Premise: What creature is swimming in the Dutch phrase "Visc flot aftar themo uuatare"?

Hypothesis: Another old fragment of Dutch is Visc flot aftar themo uuatare (A fish was swimming in the water).


Premise: Which speech did Bill Clinton's speech draw parallels to?

Hypothesis: Clinton also mentioned a point similar to President Lyndon B. Johnson's "Freedom is not Enough" speech, and declared that just outlawing discrimination in the country would not be enough to give everyone in America equality.


Premise: What group of buildings opened in 1977?

Hypothesis: The Renaissance Center, a mixed-use office and retail complex, opened in 1977.


Premise: What research was Egypt known for?

Hypothesis: The Edwin Smith papyrus is one of the first medical documents still extant, and perhaps the earliest document that attempts to describe and analyse the brain: it might be seen as the very beginnings of modern neuroscience.


Premise: What Democracy Score does Armenia have?

Hypothesis: International observers of Council of Europe and US Department of State have questioned the fairness of Armenia's parliamentary and presidential elections and constitutional referendum since 1995, citing polling deficiencies, lack of cooperation by the Electoral Commission, and poor maintenance of electoral lists and polling places.


Premise: What did palagi traders act as for the trading companies?

Hypothesis: Some islands would have competing traders while dryer islands might only have a single trader.


Premise: What component was to blame for the weak bass of the 3rd generation iPod?

Hypothesis: The combination of the undersized DC-blocking capacitors and the typical low-impedance of most consumer headphones form a high-pass filter, which attenuates the low-frequency bass output.


Premise: What year did South Carolina pass a law allowing them to repeal Federal Law?

Hypothesis: In 1832, South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, a procedure by which a state could, in effect, repeal a federal law; it was directed against the most recent tariff acts.


Premise: An ensuing mass exodus from Paris saw how many people head for the countryside?

Hypothesis: Bismarck honoured the armistice, by allowing train loads of food into Paris and withdrawing Prussian forces to the east of the city, prior to a full withdrawal once France agreed to pay a five billion franc war indemnity.


Premise: What other patterns are consistent with unequal living standards?

Hypothesis: Other social factors, such as illiteracy and education levels, show the same patterns of disadvantage for people of color.


Premise: When was the Museo Tamayo opened?

Hypothesis: The Museo Tamayo was opened in the mid-1980s to house the collection of international contemporary art donated by famed Mexican (born in the state of Oaxaca) painter Rufino Tamayo.


Premise: What is the term for Russian-speaking people?

Hypothesis: Before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the overwhelming majority of Russophones in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn in New York City were Russian-speaking Jews.


Premise: What were the two main principles informing the government of the UK?

Hypothesis: The King's Ministers were in most cases members of one of the two Houses of Parliament, and the Government needed to sustain the support of a majority in the House of Commons.


Premise: How much did Verizon spend on fiber optic upgrades in New York City?

Hypothesis: High technology startup companies and employment are growing in New York City and the region, bolstered by the city's position in North America as the leading Internet hub and telecommunications center, including its vicinity to several transatlantic fiber optic trunk lines, New York's intellectual capital, and its extensive outdoor wireless connectivity.


Premise: Where was the final battle between the French and British in North America?

Hypothesis: This was the final battle of the war in North America, and it forced the French to surrender to Lieutenant Colonel William Amherst.


Premise: What conquered large areas of northern India?

Hypothesis: It is surmised that the language of Urdu (literally meaning "horde" or "camp" in various Turkic dialects) was born during the Delhi Sultanate period as a result of the intermingling of the local speakers of Sanskritic Prakrits with immigrants speaking Persian, Turkic, and Arabic under the Muslim rulers.


Premise: Notre Dame has a center in Beijing, what is it referred to as?

Hypothesis: Other Global Gateways are located in Beijing, Chicago, Dublin, Jerusalem and Rome.


Premise: Who called Somalia a "Nation of Bards"?

Hypothesis: The textile-making communities in Somalia are a continuation of an ancient textile industry, as is the culture of wood carving, pottery and monumental architecture that dominates Somali interiors and landscapes.


Premise: Who told Hayek he should begin reading Hugo de Vries works?

Hypothesis: He read fluently and frequently before going to school.


Premise: Nicosulfuron, triflusulfuron methyl and chlorsulfuron can be classified as what type of pesticides?

Hypothesis: Nicosulfuron, triflusulfuron methyl, and chlorsulfuron are broad-spectrum herbicides that kill plants by inhibiting the enzyme acetolactate synthase.


Premise: Who did Pinochet overthrow?

Hypothesis: For example, Yugoslavia was the only communist country allowed to have an embassy in Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay.


Premise: What cellular company is headquartered in San Diego that uses the AT&T network?

Hypothesis: Qualcomm was founded and is headquartered in San Diego, and is one of the largest private-sector employers in San Diego.


Premise: Where is the North Carolina State Fair?

Hypothesis: During the North Carolina State Fair, Dorton Arena hosts headline acts.


Premise: What country had the most conflicts from 1500s through mid 20th century?

Hypothesis: In fact, Joshua Baron points out that, in terms of militarized conflicts or confrontations, the UK led the way in this period with nineteen such instances against; Russia (8), France (5), Germany/Prussia (5) and Italy (1).


Premise: In what year was the Woolworth Building completed?

Hypothesis: Manhattan's skyline, with its many skyscrapers, is universally recognized, and the city has been home to several of the tallest buildings in the world.


Premise: Who was the executive head of the Zionist Organization?

Hypothesis: This UN plan specified borders for new Arab and Jewish states and also specified an area of Jerusalem and its environs which was to be administered by the UN under an international regime.


Premise: Who wrote and directed The Orator?

Hypothesis: Written and directed by Tusi Tamasese, it received much critical acclaim and attention at film festivals throughout the world.


Premise: Which resonances are less populated in the Kuiper belt?

Hypothesis: The 3:4, 3:5, 4:7 and 2:5 resonances are less populated.


Premise: The Buddha Jayanti Park is located in which Indian city?

Hypothesis: New Delhi is particularly renowned for its beautifully landscaped gardens that can look quite stunning in spring.


Premise: Who was co-author with von Neman on the Theory of Games and Economic Behavior?

Hypothesis: Von Neumann improved and extended the minimax theorem to include games involving imperfect information and games with more than two players, publishing this result in his 1944 Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (written with Oskar Morgenstern).


Premise: Which scribe led the production of the first written Quran?

Hypothesis: Based on earlier transmitted reports, in the year 632, after the demise of Muhammad a number of his companions who knew the Quran by heart were killed in a battle by Musaylimah, the first caliph Abu Bakr (d. 634) decided to collect the book in one volume so that it could be preserved.


Premise: Along with León, Portugal, Aragon and Castile, what major Christian kingdom existed in Iberia around 1150?

Hypothesis: By about 1150, the Christian north had coalesced into the five major kingdoms of León, Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and Portugal.


Premise: When did King Edward VII take the throne?

Hypothesis: The new King and his wife Queen Alexandra had always been at the forefront of London high society, and their friends, known as "the Marlborough House Set", were considered to be the most eminent and fashionable of the age.


Premise: What type of wood is preferred as fuel?

Hypothesis: Wood has a long history of being used as fuel, which continues to this day, mostly in rural areas of the world.


Premise: What is the result of bacterial adaptation of E.coli bacteria host and plasmid of another bacteria?

Hypothesis: It is seldom that a conjugative plasmid integrates into the host bacterial chromosome, and subsequently transfers part of the host bacterial DNA to another bacterium.


Premise: What console was home to the sequel for The Wind Waker?

Hypothesis: The game runs on a modified The Wind Waker engine.


Premise: What did Greeks do that caused a later deal to be made with the Italians ?

Hypothesis: Notable Greek seafarers include people such as Pytheas of Marseilles, Scylax of Caryanda who sailed to Iberia and beyond, Nearchus, the 6th century merchant and later monk Cosmas Indicopleustes (Cosmas who sailed to India) and the explorer of the Northwestern passage Juan de Fuca.


Premise: What size orchestras have performed Gustav Mahler's 1906 Symphony No. 8?

Hypothesis: Gustav Mahler's 1906 Symphony No. 8, for example, has been performed with over 150 instrumentalists and choirs of over 400.


Premise: What are hydrogen and carbon monoxide for Lithotrophic bacteria?

Hypothesis: In unusual circumstances, the gas methane can be used by methanotrophic bacteria as both a source of electrons and a substrate for carbon anabolism.


Premise: Was Russia or Belarus first in their declaration?

Hypothesis: The 2011 declaration by Russia that it would not turn its clocks back and stay in DST all year long was subsequently followed by a similar declaration from Belarus.


Premise: Why can outgassing products ruin a space mission?

Hypothesis: This is of great concern to space missions, where an obscured telescope or solar cell can ruin an expensive mission.


Premise: What did silt and marine fossils teach Shen Kuo?

Hypothesis: After observing the natural process of the inundation of silt and the find of marine fossils in the Taihang Mountains (hundreds of miles from the Pacific Ocean), Shen Kuo devised a theory of land formation, or geomorphology.


Premise: What was removed from the website that Lê Minh Phiếu had written about?

Hypothesis: Lê Minh Phiếu, a torchbearer who is a Vietnamese law student studying in France, wrote a letter to the president of the International Olympic Committee protesting China's "politicisation of the Olympics", citing maps of the torch relay at the official Beijing Olympic website depicting the disputed islands as Chinese territory and posted it on his blog.


Premise: What was abolished with the introduction of the unified constitution in Switzerland?

Hypothesis: In 1798, the revolutionary French government conquered Switzerland and imposed a new unified constitution.


Premise: By what age had Avicenna learned the entire Quran?

Hypothesis: His mother, named Setareh, was from Bukhara; his father, Abdullah, was a respected Ismaili scholar from Balkh, an important town of the Samanid Empire, in what is today Balkh Province, Afghanistan, although this is not universally agreed upon.


Premise: How severe is Florida's Disenfranchisement law

Hypothesis: Florida's felony disenfranchisement law is more severe than most European nations or other American states.


Premise: What broad range of backgrounds do today's hunters come from?

Hypothesis: Many different technologies have been created to assist hunters, even including iPhone applications.


Premise: When was the building consecrated?

Hypothesis: It was the first church in England built in the Romanesque style.


Premise: What happened to the scope of France's colonies as a result of the war?

Hypothesis: The Native American tribes were excluded from the settlement; a subsequent conflict, known as Pontiac's War, was also unsuccessful in returning them to their pre-war status.


Premise: What two notable guests were present during his premiere performance at Stafford House?

Hypothesis: At a concert on 7 July he shared the platform with Viardot, who sang arrangements of some of his mazurkas to Spanish texts.


Premise: What document declared the upgrade of University College at Highfield?

Hypothesis: A Royal Charter in 1952 upgraded University College at Highfield to the University of Southampton.


Premise: How many classes of pain does the IASP system note?

Hypothesis: In 1994, responding to the need for a more useful system for describing chronic pain, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) classified pain according to specific characteristics: (1) region of the body involved (e.g. abdomen, lower limbs), (2) system whose dysfunction may be causing the pain (e.g., nervous, gastrointestinal), (3) duration and pattern of occurrence, (4) intensity and time since onset, and (5) etiology.


Premise: What's the most commonly spoken regional language in the Netherlands?

Hypothesis: Recent research by Geert Driessen shows that the use of dialects and regional languages among both Dutch adults and youth is in heavy decline.


Premise: How many votes did Cronin get against Kerry?

Hypothesis: In the final days of the campaign, Kerry sensed that it was "slipping away" and Cronin emerged victorious by 110,970 votes (53.45%) to Kerry's 92,847 (44.72%).


Premise: What amount of the student body of Notre Dame identifies as Catholic?

Hypothesis: There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher.


Premise: Who invented the early years education in Thuringia?

Hypothesis: Early-years education is quite common in Thuringia.


Premise: What fraction of the population of North Carolina was enslaved in 1860?

Hypothesis: In 1860, North Carolina was a slave state, in which one-third of the population was enslaved.


Premise: When was Electroluminescence discovered?

Hypothesis: Electroluminescence as a phenomenon was discovered in 1907 by the British experimenter H. J. Round of Marconi Labs, using a crystal of silicon carbide and a cat's-whisker detector.


Premise: Who was the subject of an early June 2013 front page story?

Hypothesis: On 2 June 2013, The Sun on Sunday ran a front page story on singer-songwriter Tulisa Contostavlos.


Premise: When was Detroit's charter approved?

Hypothesis: The city is governed pursuant to the Home Rule Charter of the City of Detroit.


Premise: What percentage of the population of the Congo is Boulangui?

Hypothesis: Boulangui (M’Boshi) live in the northwest and in Brazzaville and form 12% of the population.


Premise: Which group did Louis XIV tried push out of Alsace?

Hypothesis: The schism of the Amish under the lead of Jacob Amman from the Mennonites occurred in 1693 in Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines.


Premise: The west end of these streets is Third Avenue and where?

Hypothesis: The west end of these streets is Bowery and Third Avenue, except for 3rd Street (formerly Amity Place; to Sixth Avenue) and 4th Street (to 13th Street), which extend west and north, respectively, into Greenwich Village.


Premise: What was the benefit of using small pieces to create a mosaic?

Hypothesis: The tiny tesserae allowed very fine detail, and an approach to the illusionism of painting.


Premise: How many cultures may have fused together in Eridu?

Hypothesis: Native Sumerian rule re-emerged for about a century in the Neo-Sumerian Empire or Third Dynasty of Ur


Premise: What types of livestock products does Portugal produce?

Hypothesis: The country produces a wide variety of crops and livestock products, including tomatoes, citrus, green vegetables, rice, corn, barley, olives, oilseeds, nuts, cherries, bilberry, table grapes, edible mushrooms, dairy products, poultry and beef.


Premise: Who started the construction of the main chapel?

Hypothesis: Archbishop Luis Alfonso de los Cameros began the building of the main chapel in 1674; the walls were decorated with marbles and bronzes in the Baroque style of that period.


Premise: From what language did Catalan come?

Hypothesis: During the Low Middle Ages it saw a golden age as the literary and dominant language of the Crown of Aragon, and was widely used all over the Mediterranean.


Premise: What happens to a molecule if an oscillation results in a dipole being changed?

Hypothesis: Each chemical bond in a molecule vibrates at a frequency characteristic of that bond.


Premise: What influenced Nicki Minaj to join the Pepsi global campaign?

Hypothesis: American indie rock band White Rabbits also cited her an inspiration for their third album Milk Famous (2012), friend Gwyneth Paltrow studied Beyoncé at her live concerts while learning to become a musical performer for the 2010 film Country Strong.


Premise: How many policemen does the French government pay for on St. Barts?

Hypothesis: France is responsible for the defence of the island and as such has stationed a security force on the island comprising six policemen and thirteen gendarmes (posted on two-year term).


Premise: In what provinces is the Carnival mainly celebrated in the Netherlands?

Hypothesis: Carnival in the Netherlands is called Carnaval, Vastenavond or Vastelaovend(j), and is most celebrated in traditionally Catholic regions, mainly the southern provinces North Brabant and Limburg.


Premise: When did the 2 worst haze pollution occur in Southeast Asia?

Hypothesis: In reaction, several countries in Southeast Asia signed the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution to combat haze pollution.


Premise: What was the football club known as Ülküspor formerly known as?

Hypothesis: Football clubs were formed in other provinces too, such as Karşıyaka Sports Club (1912), Altay Sports Club (1914) and Turkish Fatherland Football Club (later Ülküspor) (1914) of İzmir.


Premise: What happened to Russia's subdivision of government?

Hypothesis: The post-Imperial nature of Russian subdivision of government changed towards a generally autonomous model which began with the establishment of the USSR (of which Russia was governed as part).


Premise: Who did Frick replace republican police with?

Hypothesis: In this position he removed from the Thuringia police force anyone he suspected of being a republican and replaced them with men who were favourable towards the Nazi Party.


Premise: What percentage of kids in the whole world get the BCG vaccine?

Hypothesis: It is the most widely used vaccine worldwide, with more than 90% of all children being vaccinated.


Premise: When was ZE's Mutant Disco released?

Hypothesis: Other no wave-indebted groups such as Swans, Glenn Branca, the Lounge Lizards, Bush Tetras and Sonic Youth instead continued exploring the early scene's forays into noise and more abrasive territory.


Premise: What was Hayek gathering during his time as a research assistant?

Hypothesis: During Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him.


Premise: How did Whitehead define religion?

Hypothesis: Whitehead saw religion as a system of general truths that transformed a person's character.


Premise: The ease of collecting singles with the iPod and iTunes is credited with ending what "era" in pop music?

Hypothesis: The iPod's popularization of digital music storage allows users to abandon listening to entire albums and instead be able to choose specific singles which hastened the end of the Album Era in popular music.


Premise: Around what year did the great wave of church-building in stone occur?

Hypothesis: According to art historian C. R. Dodwell, "virtually all the churches in the West were decorated with wall-paintings", of which few survive.


Premise: What are among the most complex characters in modern dictionaries?

Hypothesis: Among the most complex characters in modern dictionaries and also in frequent modern use are 籲 (yù, "to implore"), with 32 strokes; 鬱 (yù, "luxuriant, lush; gloomy"), with 29 strokes, as in 憂鬱 (yōuyù, "depressed"); 豔 (yàn, "colorful"), with 28 strokes; and 釁 (xìn, "quarrel"), with 25 strokes, as in 挑釁 (tiǎoxìn, "to pick a fight").


Premise: How does the crew on board the spaceship perceive the stationary observer?

Hypothesis: This is reconciled by the fact that the crew's perception of time is different from the stationary observer's; what seems like seconds to the crew might be hundreds of years to the stationary observer.


Premise: Because of the number of tech companies, the city is a hub for what?

Hypothesis: The city is home to a number of technology companies and is a hub for biotechnology, with the Milken Institute rating Boston as the top life sciences cluster in the country.


Premise: Why is Beyoncé known as the centerpiece of Destiny's Child?

Hypothesis: Jon Pareles of The New York Times commented that her voice is "velvety yet tart, with an insistent flutter and reserves of soul belting".


Premise: Who is credited as giving zinc its name?

Hypothesis: The element was probably named by the alchemist Paracelsus after the German word Zinke (prong, tooth).


Premise: The  philosophy of space and time focuses what kind of flow within time?

Hypothesis: The subject focuses on a number of basic issues, including whether or not time and space exist independently of the mind, whether they exist independently of one another, what accounts for time's apparently unidirectional flow, whether times other than the present moment exist, and questions about the nature of identity (particularly the nature of identity over time).


Premise: What preys on nocturnal passerine migrants?

Hypothesis: Predation can be heightened during migration: Eleonora's falcon Falco eleonorae, which breeds on Mediterranean islands, has a very late breeding season, coordinated with the autumn passage of southbound passerine migrants, which it feeds to its young.


Premise: What state employed Robert Patton in May 2014?

Hypothesis: In 2015, the state approved nitrogen asphyxiation as a method of execution.


Premise: The nation of Ghana shortens university to what?

Hypothesis: Colloquially, the term university may be used to describe a phase in one's life: "When I was at university..." (in the United States and Ireland, college is often used instead: "When I was in college...").


Premise: When did more people begin to keep dogs as pets?

Hypothesis: People and dogs have become increasingly integrated and implicated in each other's lives, to the point where pet dogs actively shape the way a family and home are experienced.


Premise: When was Elizabeth's coronation?

Hypothesis: Times of personal significance have included the births and marriages of her children, grandchildren and great grandchildren, her coronation in 1953, and the celebration of milestones such as her Silver, Golden and Diamond Jubilees in 1977, 2002, and 2012, respectively.


Premise: What is the term for a culture that discourages sexual activity in unmarried adolescents?

Hypothesis: In addition to biological factors, an adolescent's sexual socialization is highly dependent upon whether their culture takes a restrictive or permissive attitude toward teen or premarital sexual activity.


Premise: At at time was radio gaining popularity?

Hypothesis: Electric recording which developed during the time that early radio was becoming popular (1925) benefited from the microphones and amplifiers used in radio studios.


Premise: What term is used to describe the type of definition that matter would have if all scientists could agree on its definition?

Hypothesis: Thus, matter does not have a universal definition, nor is it a fundamental concept in physics today.


Premise: What previous disadvantage of Norfolk Island was seen as an advantage for holding male convicts?

Hypothesis: Its remoteness, previously seen as a disadvantage, was now viewed as an asset for the detention of recalcitrant male prisoners.


Premise: Where did systhpop, industrial and neo-psychedelia music derive from?

Hypothesis: Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music.


Premise: The New Delhi town plan was chosen primarily to symbolize what?

Hypothesis: The New Delhi town plan, like its architecture, was chosen with one single chief consideration: to be a symbol of British power and supremacy.


Premise: What is another name for Tamiami Trail?

Hypothesis: The Miami grid is primarily numerical so that, for example, all street addresses north of Flagler Street and west of Miami Avenue have "NW" in their address.


Premise: What is Charity to a Christian?

Hypothesis: Charity is the manifestation of the pure love of Christ, both for and by His follower.


Premise: What percentage of New Haven's population is comprised by individuals identifying as African American?

Hypothesis: The racial makeup of the city is 42.6% White, 35.4% African American, 0.5% Native American, 4.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 12.9% from other races, and 3.9% from two or more races.


Premise: On which university did Notre Dame base its curriculum on?

Hypothesis: The College of Arts and Letters was established as the university's first college in 1842 with the first degrees given in 1849.


Premise: What hapend when Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism

Hypothesis: The feudal conflict of the Middle Ages heavily affected Utrecht.


Premise: What minimizes the influence of the Atlantic ocean on Bostons weather?

Hypothesis: Boston has a continental climate with some maritime influence, and using the −3 °C (27 °F) coldest month (January) isotherm, the city lies within the transition zone from a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) to a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa), although the suburbs north and west of the city are significantly colder in winter and solidly fall under the latter categorization; the city lies at the transition between USDA plant hardiness zones 6b (most of the city) and 7a (Downtown, South Boston, and East Boston neighborhoods).


Premise: Why did so many schools collapse during the earthquake?

Hypothesis: The central government estimates that over 7,000 inadequately engineered schoolrooms collapsed in the earthquake.


Premise: Who discovered carbon dioxide or fixed air?

Hypothesis: The experiments of Lavoisier were used to create the first modern chemical plants in Paris, and the experiments of the Montgolfier Brothers enabled them to launch the first manned flight in a hot-air balloon on 21 November 1783, from the Château de la Muette, near the Bois de Boulogne.


Premise: According to Kierkegaard, why can't reality be a system for human beings?

Hypothesis: Where Hegel argues that an ultimate understanding of the logical structure of the world is an understanding of the logical structure of God's mind, Kierkegaard asserting that for God reality can be a system but it cannot be so for any human individual because both reality and humans are incomplete and all philosophical systems imply completeness.


Premise: What mathematician was Von Nemann's closest friend?

Hypothesis: When von Neumann was dying in hospital, every time Ulam would visit he would come prepared with a new collection of jokes to cheer up his friend.


Premise: Along with the Vice President and NCS head, who urged Eisenhower to intervene after the fall of Dien Bien Phu?

Hypothesis: Further requests for assistance from the French were agreed to but only on conditions Eisenhower knew were impossible to meet – allied participation and congressional approval.


Premise: What year did the Grand contournement ouest project open?

Hypothesis: This routes well to the west of the city and is meant to divest a significant portion of motorized traffic from the unité urbaine.


Premise: What bicycles did Kerry use while campaigning?

Hypothesis: His staff requested recumbent stationary bikes for his hotel rooms.


Premise: When the eight factors are developed together, is leads to the cessation of what?

Hypothesis: The Noble Eightfold Path—the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths—consists of a set of eight interconnected factors or conditions, that when developed together, lead to the cessation of dukkha.


Premise: Reviewer R. A. Dave classified the novel how?

Hypothesis: The novel exposes the loss of innocence so frequently that reviewer R. A. Dave claims that because every character has to face, or even suffer defeat, the book takes on elements of a classical tragedy.


Premise: What are the four branches of the Armenian Armed Forces?

Hypothesis: The Armenian Army, Air Force, Air Defence, and Border Guard comprise the four branches of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Armenia.


Premise: During what period did soft AC stations attempt to reinvent themselves?

Hypothesis: The "soft" AC format has reinvented in the late 2000s/early 2010s as a result of its declining relevance, adopting a more upmarket, middle-of-the-road approach, with a selection of "oldies" (usually from the 1960s/70s onwards), primarily rock, jazz, R&B and pop music.


Premise: What was the name of the first vehicle to reach outer space?

Hypothesis: They would lead the team that built the Aggregate-4 (A-4) rocket, which became the first vehicle to reach outer space during its test flight program in 1942 and 1943.


Premise: What was the name of the first single-chip microprocessor?

Hypothesis: This new development heralded an explosion in the commercial and personal use of computers and led to the invention of the microprocessor.


Premise: How many people were killed in the Twelfth Street riots?

Hypothesis: It was the most costly riot in the United States.


Premise: Who was the Queen's first grandchild?

Hypothesis: They had been betrothed since September 1855, when Princess Victoria was 14 years old; the marriage was delayed by the Queen and Prince Albert until the bride was 17.


Premise: The French Marines and naval infantry were dispatched to reinforce what?

Hypothesis: A shortage of officers, following the capture of most of the professional French army at the Siege of Metz and at the Battle of Sedan, led naval officers to be sent from their ships to command hastily assembled reservists of the Garde Mobile.


Premise: What is the largest employer of child labour?

Hypothesis: Poverty and lack of schools are considered as the primary cause of child labour.


Premise: How much money was spent on enhancing Notre Dame Stadium under John Jenkins?

Hypothesis: Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university.


Premise: From the 11th century until 1931, the population of Ashkenazi Jews grew by what percent?

Hypothesis: It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews.


Premise: What type of rechargeable battery does Apple use in its iPods?

Hypothesis: All lithium-ion batteries lose capacity during their lifetime even when not in use (guidelines are available for prolonging life-span) and this situation led to a market for third-party battery replacement kits.


Premise: What was Boucicaut most widely known for?

Hypothesis: Boucicaut was famous for his marketing innovations; a reading room for husbands while their wives shopped; extensive newspaper advertising; entertainment for children; and six million catalogs sent out to customers.


Premise: When year did the Battle of the River Plate take place?

Hypothesis: After the Battle of the River Plate with the Royal Navy and Royal New Zealand Navy on 13 December 1939, the Graf Spee retreated to Montevideo's port, which was considered neutral at the time.


Premise: What is the oldest city of the United States territory?

Hypothesis: In 1565, the Spaniards, by way of Juan Ponce de León, founded St. Augustine, Florida, and as of the early 1800s, it became the oldest continuously occupied European settlement in the continental United States.


Premise: Who was with Nasser when he died?

Hypothesis: He was immediately transported to his house, where his physicians tended to him.


Premise: Who is the current CEO of the Premier League?

Hypothesis: The current chairman is Sir Dave Richards, who was appointed in April 1999, and the chief executive is Richard Scudamore, appointed in November 1999.


Premise: What part of Jesus' life is detailed in these gospels?

Hypothesis: In each Gospel these five events in the life of Jesus are treated with more intense detail than any other portion of that Gospel's narrative.


Premise: How many people carried the torch in England for the 2008 Olympics?

Hypothesis: In an effort to counter the pro-Tibet protesters and show their support for the 2008 Beijing Olympics, more than 2,000 Chinese also gathered on the torch route and demonstrated with signs, banners and Chinese flags.


Premise: What was redefined in the 5th century about the people of these names?

Hypothesis: In the 5th century BC, they were redefined as contemporary speakers of Aeolic Greek which was spoken mainly in Thessaly, Boeotia and Lesbos.


Premise: What prize did the film Mortu Nega win?

Hypothesis: Gomes's Mortu Nega (Death Denied) (1988) was the first fiction film and the second feature film ever made in Guinea-Bissau.


Premise: What length of time do the 200,000 works of art in the National Museum encompass?

Hypothesis: On 15 August 1949, the National Museum was formally inaugurated and currently has 200,000 works of art, both of Indian and foreign origin, covering over 5,000 years.


Premise: Who was Napoleon's mother?

Hypothesis: Napoleon was born on 15 August 1769, to Carlo Maria di Buonaparte and Maria Letizia Ramolino, in his family's ancestral home Casa Buonaparte in Ajaccio, the capital of the island of Corsica.


Premise: Paul Rodgers joined Queen in what year?

Hypothesis: At the end of 2004, May and Taylor announced that they would reunite and return to touring in 2005 with Paul Rodgers (founder and former lead singer of Free and Bad Company).


Premise: What company was sued for promoting medicines for unlicensed uses and bribing doctors?

Hypothesis: The settlement is related to the company's illegal promotion of prescription drugs, its failure to report safety data, bribing doctors, and promoting medicines for uses for which they were not licensed.


Premise: dd

Hypothesis: The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, Alexandrian poetry, the Septuagint and the philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism.


Premise: What is generating high demand for housing in Melbourne?

Hypothesis: Melbourne is experiencing high population growth, generating high demand for housing.


Premise: In what year did Egypt sell its portion of Suez Canal?

Hypothesis: The Suez Canal, built in partnership with the French, was completed in 1869.


Premise: What standard did Unicode inherit involving a Thai language?

Hypothesis: This complication is due to Unicode inheriting the Thai Industrial Standard 620, which worked in the same way, and was the way in which Thai had always been written on keyboards.


Premise: When was the first large solar distillation plant created?

Hypothesis: Double-slope stills are the most economical for decentralized domestic purposes, while active multiple effect units are more suitable for large-scale applications.


Premise: What was the price tag for the private jet Schwarzenegger bought in 1997?

Hypothesis: In June 1997, Schwarzenegger spent $38 million of his own money on a private Gulfstream jet.


Premise: What are the nuchal organs thought to do?

Hypothesis: A few polychaete genera have on the undersides of their heads palps that are used both in feeding and as "feelers", and some of these also have antennae that are structurally similar but probably are used mainly as "feelers".


Premise: What has caused Stokavian to become more widely spoken?

Hypothesis: In the past, Chakavian and Kajkavian dialects were spoken on a much larger territory, but have been replaced by Štokavian during the period of migrations caused by Ottoman Turkish conquest of the Balkans in the 15th and the 16th centuries.


Premise: What unique dairy cheese is produced in the Swiss valleys of Gruyeres?

Hypothesis: Traditional Swiss cuisine uses ingredients similar to those in other European countries, as well as unique dairy products and cheeses such as Gruyère or Emmental, produced in the valleys of Gruyères and Emmental.


Premise: What does the acronym COMESA represent?

Hypothesis: As a member of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) and Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), its main local trading partner is South Africa.


Premise: In what year did The Greek Uprising take place?

Hypothesis: The Greek Uprising (began in the spring of 1821) evidenced internal and military weakness of Ottoman Empire and caused severe atrocities by Ottoman military forces (see Chios massacre).


Premise: What was the only archosaur to survive the fourth mass extinction?

Hypothesis: The recent warming led to a boom of reptilian evolution on land as the first true dinosaurs evolve, as well as pterosaurs.


Premise: What belief was considered sacred by ancient civilizations?

Hypothesis: Tradition was sacred to ancient cultures and was unchanging and the social order of ceremony and morals in a culture could be strictly enforced.


Premise: Who was the creator of typeface font used by The Times?

Hypothesis: The Times is the originator of the widely used Times Roman typeface, originally developed by Stanley Morison of The Times in collaboration with the Monotype Corporation for its legibility in low-tech printing.


Premise: What French newspaper did the Chinese media accuse of bias?

Hypothesis: Some Western media have reported on Chinese accusations of Western media bias.


Premise: Why did the city turn down the chance to host the 2024 Olympic games?

Hypothesis: It has been suggested that Boston is the new "TitleTown, USA", as the city's professional sports teams have won nine championships since 2001:


Premise: How is PlayStation Plus often abbreviated?

Hypothesis: PlayStation Plus (commonly abbreviated PS+ and occasionally referred to as PSN Plus) is a premium PlayStation Network subscription service that was officially unveiled at E3 2010 by Jack Tretton, President and CEO of SCEA.


Premise: To what does the concept of atman refer?

Hypothesis: The concept of ātman is of soul, self within each person, each living being.


Premise: What does WHO recommend to do?

Hypothesis: To the contrary, WHO recommends that children with diarrhea continue to eat as sufficient nutrients are usually still absorbed to support continued growth and weight gain, and that continuing to eat also speeds up recovery of normal intestinal functioning.


Premise: Who were the first monarchs crowned at Westminster Abbey?

Hypothesis: There have been at least 16 royal weddings at the abbey since 1100.


Premise: When was the Trieno Liberal?

Hypothesis: Here, on 17 April, General Elio invited the King to reclaim his absolute rights and put his troops at the King's disposition.


Premise: What governmental reorganization lapsed during the period of shoen development?

Hypothesis: The Taihō Code lapsed, its institutions relegated to ceremonial functions.


Premise: How many litres of water will the Wonthaggi desalination plant be capbale of treating per year?

Hypothesis: Both projects are being conducted under controversial Public-Private Partnerships and a multitude of independent reports have found that neither project is required to supply water to the city and that Sustainable Water Management is the best solution.


Premise: Who is most associated with the emergence of the word antenna?

Hypothesis: The origin of the word antenna relative to wireless apparatus is attributed to Italian radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi.


Premise: What was the Jewish elite class called?

Hypothesis: Whatever the case, tensions between pro and anti-Seleucid Jewish factions led to the 174–135 BCE Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus (whose victory is celebrated in the Jewish festival of Hanukkah).


Premise: Which company moved it's world headquarters to Detroit in 2010?

Hypothesis: Perhaps most prominently, in 2010, Quicken Loans, one of the largest mortgage lenders, relocated its world headquarters and 4,000 employees to downtown Detroit, consolidating its suburban offices.


Premise: What chemical treatment will prevent bare copper from oxidizing?

Hypothesis: The HASL finish prevents oxidation from the underlying copper, thereby guaranteeing a solderable surface.


Premise: MP3Gain is important because it allows players without what capability to have adjusted playback?

Hypothesis: MP3Gain may be used to reversibly modify files based on ReplayGain measurements so that adjusted playback can be achieved on players without ReplayGain capability.


Premise: What is a gene?

Hypothesis: Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as the gene–environment interactions.


Premise: By which year, did New York City become the largest city in the United States?

Hypothesis: In 1789, the first President of the United States, George Washington, was inaugurated; the first United States Congress and the Supreme Court of the United States each assembled for the first time, and the United States Bill of Rights was drafted, all at Federal Hall on Wall Street.


Premise: At what age were cardinals restricted by Paul Vi from participating in conclaves?

Hypothesis: This requirement was extended to all Cardinals of the Catholic Church on 21 November 1970.


Premise: What will happen to the components when the temperature of resin goes above that of glass transition?

Hypothesis: At the glass transition temperature the resin in the composite softens and significantly increases thermal expansion; exceeding Tg then exerts mechanical overload on the board components - e.g. the joints and the vias.


Premise: For countries that use the dollar as their paper currency, what other currency do they make?

Hypothesis: A few countries use only the U.S. Dollar for paper money, while the country mints its own coins, or also accepts U.S. coins that can be used as payment in U.S. dollars, such as the Susan B. Anthony dollar.


Premise: What is another name for PM fields?

Hypothesis: Because this field is fixed, it cannot be adjusted for speed control.


Premise: Armenian students attend YMSU with foreign students from where?

Hypothesis: A great number of foreign students from India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, the USA and Russian Federation study together with Armenian students.


Premise: How many students are enrolled in boston and Cambridge?

Hypothesis: Boston's only public university is the University of Massachusetts Boston, on Columbia Point in Dorchester.


Premise: How many evacuees were there?

Hypothesis: The total number of evacuees numbered 1.4 million, including a high proportion from the poorest inner-city families.


Premise: What year did the United States finally adopt Daylight Saving Time?

Hypothesis: After Germany led the way with starting DST (German: Sommerzeit) during World War I on 30 April 1916 together with its allies to alleviate hardships from wartime coal shortages and air raid blackouts, the political equation changed in other countries; the United Kingdom used DST first on 21 May 1916.


Premise: What five seperate apparatuses are used in the five separate routines?

Hypothesis: There are also group routines consisting of 5 gymnasts and 5 apparatuses of their choice.


Premise: What trial took place on August 10 1939?

Hypothesis: A trial blackout was held on 10 August 1939, and when Germany invaded Poland on 1 September a blackout began at sunset.


Premise: What are the barracks used for?

Hypothesis: The most common tent uses for the military are as temporary barracks (sleeping quarters), DFAC buildings (dining facilities), forward operating bases (FOBs), after action review (AAR), tactical operations center (TOC), morale, welfare, and recreation (MWR) facilities, and security checkpoints.


Premise: Along with Duccio, what Italian artist was a noted innovator in this period?

Hypothesis: In Italy the innovations of Cimabue and Duccio, followed by the Trecento master Giotto (d. 1337), greatly increased the sophistication and status of panel painting and fresco.


Premise: Who were Laemmle's business partners in the Yankee Film Company?

Hypothesis: That company quickly evolved into the Independent Moving Pictures Company (IMP), with studios in Fort Lee, New Jersey, where many early films in America's first motion picture industry were produced in the early 20th century.


Premise: Why have aircraft carriers increased in size since World War II?

Hypothesis: Since World War II, aircraft carrier designs have increased in size to accommodate a steady increase in aircraft size.


Premise: Who learned from Napoleon's innovations?

Hypothesis: His opponents learned from Napoleon's innovations.


Premise: What age range contains the most people from Southampton?

Hypothesis: Next largest is the 25–29 range with 24,700 people and then 30–34 years with 17,800.


Premise: What do most Kathmandu residents speak?

Hypothesis: English is understood by Kathmandu's educated residents.


Premise: What did the Chinese media focus on as far as human rights protesters?

Hypothesis: However, the Chinese media published articles about crowds supporting the torch relay.


Premise: New Delhi first hosted the Asian Games in what year?

Hypothesis: The city has previously hosted the 1951 Asian Games and the 1982 Asian Games.


Premise: Which Pakistan president supported the US attacking the Taliban?

Hypothesis: On 19 September 2001, Musharraf addressed the people of Pakistan and stated that, while he opposed military tactics against the Taliban, Pakistan risked being endangered by an alliance of India and the U.S. if it did not cooperate.


Premise: When did the civil was begin?

Hypothesis: The Antebellum Period is often considered to have begun with the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854,[citation needed] although it may have begun as early as 1812.


Premise: Who is one of the scholars that fled Cyprus during troubled times?

Hypothesis: Many Cypriot scholars fled Cyprus at troubled times such as Ioannis Kigalas (c. 1622–1687) who migrated from Cyprus to Italy in the 17th century, several of his works have survived in books of other scholars.


Premise: What plant associated with kissing during the holidays is also parasitic?

Hypothesis: Parasitic organisms range from the macroscopic mistletoe, a parasitic plant, to microscopic internal parasites such as cholera.


Premise: How much energy does an HVAC system use in residential locations?

Hypothesis: Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies can be used to offset a portion of this energy.


Premise: What year did the Everton FC release their UK pop song "The Boys in Blue"?

Hypothesis: The Boys in Blue", released in 1984, peaked at number 82.


Premise: What has happened to debt external onus  in Swaziland in the past two decades?

Hypothesis: On the positive side, the external debt burden has declined markedly over the last 20 years, and domestic debt is almost negligible; external debt as a percent of GDP was less than 20% in 2006.


Premise: Where did Liberius go?

Hypothesis: The Emperor knew what he wanted people to believe.


Premise: In what year did the Korean church celebrate the 100th class?

Hypothesis: All major seminaries associated with each denomination claim heritage from the Pyung Yang Theological Seminary, therefore, not only Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary and Chongsin University which are related to PCK but also Hanshin University of PROK all celebrated the 100th class in 2007, 100 years from the first graduates of Pyung Yang Theological Seminary.


Premise: Who founded the Flying Fathers?

Hypothesis: The Flying Fathers, a Canadian group of Catholic priests, regularly toured North America playing exhibition hockey games for charity.


Premise: The Stonewall riots are named after what building?

Hypothesis: The Stonewall riots were a series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations by members of the gay community against a police raid that took place in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan.


Premise: What interface type did the original Macintosh include?

Hypothesis: This was the first mass-market personal computer featuring an integral graphical user interface and mouse.


Premise: What hardware defect code plagued the 360?

Hypothesis: A "General Hardware Failure" is recognized on all models released before the Xbox 360 S by three quadrants of the ring around the power button flashing red.


Premise: What are the two large movie companies in Mexico?

Hypothesis: Cinépolis and Cinemex, the two biggest film business chains, also have several film festivals throughout the year, with both national and international movies.


Premise: In the Marvel Universe, the public treated conferred what response on the Fantastic Four?

Hypothesis: This applied to The Amazing Spider-Man title in particular, which turned out to be Marvel's most successful book.


Premise: How are plants different from animals?

Hypothesis: The characteristic features of plant cells that distinguish them from those of animals and fungi include a primary cell wall composed of the polysaccharides cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin,  larger vacuoles than in animal cells and the presence of plastids with unique photosynthetic and biosynthetic functions as in the chloroplasts.


Premise: Who did Keynes turn to for assistance in arguing his point to Hayek?

Hypothesis: Others who responded negatively to Hayek's work on the business cycle included John Hicks, Frank Knight, and Gunnar Myrdal.


Premise: What initially moved King James 1 to grant subsidiary licences to other trading companies in England?

Hypothesis: The high profits reported by the company after landing in India initially prompted King James I to grant subsidiary licences to other trading companies in England.


Premise: According to the Association of Religion Data in 2010, what percentage of Alaskans are members of a relgious congregation?

Hypothesis: According to statistics collected by the Association of Religion Data Archives from 2010, about 34% of Alaska residents were members of religious congregations.


Premise: What organization is trying to revive Sanskrit?

Hypothesis: Samskrita Bharati is an organisation working for Sanskrit revival.


Premise: What famous cleric was a supporter of Barcelona?

Hypothesis: The club has had many prominent people among its supporters, including Pope John Paul II, who was an honorary member, and former prime minister of Spain José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero.


Premise: What name was Victoria referred to as on only the first day of her reign?

Hypothesis: Official documents prepared on the first day of her reign described her as Alexandrina Victoria, but the first name was withdrawn at her own wish and not used again.


Premise: Under what category does oil and gas exploration fall?

Hypothesis: In 2010, mining (which consists almost entirely of exploration and production of oil and gas in Houston) accounted for 26.3% of Houston's GAP up sharply in response to high energy prices and a decreased worldwide surplus of oil production capacity, followed by engineering services, health services, and manufacturing.


Premise: What sort of capacitors have traditionally been used in radio tuning circuits?

Hypothesis: Variable capacitors with their plates open to the atmosphere were commonly used in radio tuning circuits.


Premise: Who was Genghis Khan's successor?

Hypothesis: In 1207, the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan (r. 1206–1227) conquered and subjugated the ethnic Tangut state of the Western Xia (1038–1227).


Premise: Who was Eisenhower's favorite author?

Hypothesis: Angels in the Outfield was Eisenhower's favorite movie.


Premise: What group spends money to promote the language?

Hypothesis: The Generalitat of Catalunya spends part of its annual budget on the promotion of the use of Catalan in Catalonia and in other territories.


Premise: Who does Scout think could be lonelier than Boo Radley?

Hypothesis: She ponders the comment when listening to Mayella Ewell's testimony.


Premise: What do some historians think made Wallace's concept of natural selection different from Darwin's?

Hypothesis: Some historians have suggested that Wallace was actually discussing group selection rather than selection acting on individual variation.


Premise: How long was Kangxi Emperor in power?

Hypothesis: Kangxi's long reign started when he was eight years old upon the untimely demise of his father.


Premise: What type of model does the mouse play a role for?

Hypothesis: Symbols are preferably kept consistent with other members of a gene family and with homologs in other species, particularly the mouse due to its role as a common model organism.


Premise: What is the Russian Revolution?

Hypothesis: The Russian Revolution is the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union.


Premise: Who did Harper Lee become childhood friends with?

Hypothesis: In 1950, Lee moved to New York City, where she worked as a reservation clerk for British Overseas Airways Corporation; there, she began writing a collection of essays and short stories about people in Monroeville.


Premise: What is the per person per day targeted use of water for Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: Government water planning has established a target of between 50 and 100L of water per person per day accounting for drinking water, cleaning, community and cultural activities.


Premise: The Seleucids invaded Mesopotamia under whose guidance?

Hypothesis: Their rulers established ruler cults in the manner of Hellenistic kings and often used Hellenistic royal epithets.


Premise: What title does the country have?

Hypothesis: This act would provide for referendums to be held in Puerto Rico to determine the island's ultimate political status.


Premise: What improvements were made to Internet Explorer?

Hypothesis: Internet Explorer 10 is included as both a desktop program and a touch-optimized app, and includes increased support for HTML5, CSS3, and hardware acceleration.


Premise: When did Watch Tower supporters gather as autonomous congregations to study the Bible?

Hypothesis: As congregations continued to form during Russell's ministry, they each remained self-administrative, functioning under the congregationalist style of church governance.


Premise: Who made an effort to organize a strong defense against the French?

Hypothesis: The liberal political forces maintained strong control over the state government until shortly after the French Intervention which turned the tables in favor to the conservative forces once again.


Premise: Are all domesticated and wild birds classified as poultry  ?

Hypothesis: Poultry (/ˌpoʊltriː/) are domesticated birds kept by humans for the eggs they produce, their meat, their feathers, or sometimes as pets.


Premise: In what year did William IV adopt a purity law pertaining to beer?

Hypothesis: In 1516, William IV, Duke of Bavaria, adopted the Reinheitsgebot (purity law), perhaps the oldest food-quality regulation still in use in the 21st century, according to which the only allowed ingredients of beer are water, hops and barley-malt.


Premise: What was Schleiden's profession?

Hypothesis: Schleiden was a microscopist and an early plant anatomist who co-founded the cell theory with Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow and was among the first to grasp the significance of the cell nucleus that had been described by Robert Brown in 1831.


Premise: Which founding members were responsible for the red shirts?

Hypothesis: Two of Dial Square's founding members, Fred Beardsley and Morris Bates, were former Forest players who had moved to Woolwich for work.


Premise: what was the main settlement named?

Hypothesis: The main settlement, Edinburgh of the Seven Seas, was named in honour of his visit.


Premise: What did Jefferson refuse to issue, when it was sent to him by Congress during his presidency?

Hypothesis: Years before the ratification of the Constitution, Madison contended "Because if Religion be exempt from the authority of the Society at large, still less can it be subject to that of the Legislative Body."


Premise: What item did Apollo create and name after his lover?

Hypothesis: The pair was practicing throwing the discus when a discus thrown by Apollo was blown off course by the jealous Zephyrus and struck Hyacinthus in the head, killing him instantly.


Premise: What is the fertility rate among orthodox Jewish families?

Hypothesis: In contrast to the general American Jewish community, which is dwindling due to low fertility and high intermarriage and assimilation rates, the Orthodox Jewish community of the United States is growing rapidly.


Premise: In what country does Hospira manufacture sodium thiopental today?

Hypothesis: For example, Hospira, the sole American manufacturer of sodium thiopental, the critical anesthetic in the three-drug cocktail, announced in 2011 that it would no longer manufacture the drug for the American market, in part for ethical reasons and in part because its transfer of sodium thiopental manufacturing to Italy would subject it to the European Union's Torture Regulation, which forbids the use of any product manufactured within the Union for torture (as execution by lethal injection is considered by the Regulation).


Premise: What is the downside of using a lossless format?

Hypothesis: Besides lossy compression methods, lossless formats are a significant alternative to MP3 because they provide unaltered audio content, though with an increased file size compared to lossy compression.


Premise: When did the torch go through Bankok?

Hypothesis: In Bangkok, students told the media that the Chinese Embassy provided them with transportation and gave them shirts to wear.


Premise: What is the source of the theme song of Battlestar Galactica?

Hypothesis: The lyrics of "The Child In Us" by Enigma also contains Sanskrit verses.[better source needed].


Premise: Why is Bermuda a great place for snorkellers?

Hypothesis: In addition to its beaches, there are a number of sightseeing attractions.


Premise: What does the abbreviation PR stand for in terms of the US military?

Hypothesis: Personnel Recovery (PR) is defined as "the sum of military, diplomatic, and civil efforts to prepare for and execute the recovery and reintegration of isolated personnel" (JP 1-02).


Premise: What is the biological basis for Cladistics?

Hypothesis: In biology, the technique is used to determine the evolutionary relationships between different species.


Premise: What is the acronym used to describe resistant TB?

Hypothesis: Every year, nearly half a million new cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are estimated to occur worldwide.


Premise: At what prison did extrajudicial executions occur according to HRW?

Hypothesis: According to critics, the Libyan people lived in a climate of fear under Gaddafi's administration, due to his government's pervasive surveillance of civilians.


Premise: Instead of Anglican, what were the churches most often supported in New York and New Jersey?

Hypothesis: The first Anglican minister in New Jersey arrived in 1698, though Anglicanism was more popular in New York.


Premise: What kind of lights are being designed for energy efficiency?

Hypothesis: Some manufacturers are designing LED and photovoltaic luminaires to provide an energy-efficient alternative to traditional street light fixtures.


Premise: What was the price of the small force along the border?

Hypothesis: Later, the Regimen for the Defenders of the Border were organized by the state which were made up of: light cavalry, four squads of two brigades, and a small force of 14 men and 42 officials at the price of 160,603 pesos per year.


Premise: What keeps the electricity running in the plane when it stands at the terminal?

Hypothesis: A tow tractor pulls the aircraft to one of the airbridges, The ground power unit is plugged in.


Premise: What happened in 1878 that played a role in San Diego's economic growth?

Hypothesis: Still, San Diego remained a relative backwater town until the arrival of a railroad connection in 1878.


Premise: What is The Deccan Chronicle?

Hypothesis: One of Hyderabad's earliest newspapers, The Deccan Times, was established in the 1780s.


Premise: Who said Columbia did not want American aid if it required changing the Catholic church's stance on birth control?

Hypothesis: In Colombia, Cardinal archbishop Aníbal Muñoz Duque declared, if American conditionality undermines Papal teachings, we prefer not to receive one cent.


Premise: Presbyterians had to distinguished between "Church" and "Meeting house" What was "Church" referring too?

Hypothesis: Until the late 19th century, very few Presbyterians ever referred to their buildings as "churches."


Premise: What was the correction due to?

Hypothesis: The calendar was a refinement to the Julian calendar amounting to a 0.002% correction in the length of the year.


Premise: Who are the Echo Boys?

Hypothesis: Today, the shouts of the vendors selling the Echo can still be heard in various parts of the city centre.


Premise: What is the name given to the celebrated date of 23 April 1775 in New Haven?

Hypothesis: On 23 April 1775, which is still celebrated in New Haven as Powder House Day, the Second Company, Governor's Foot Guard, of New Haven entered the struggle against the governing British parliament.


Premise: The architecture of New Delhi borrows from indigenous sources but fits into what tradition?

Hypothesis: The fact that there were any indigenous features in the design were due to the persistence and urging of both the Viceroy Lord Hardinge and historians like E.B. Havell.


Premise: What was Baden Powell's opinion of On the Origin of Species?

Hypothesis: Baden Powell praised "Mr Darwin's masterly volume [supporting] the grand principle of the self-evolving powers of nature".


Premise: In what year did Napoleon say that skilled rulers were able to both control and use priests?

Hypothesis: Now, Napoleon could win favor with the Catholics while also controlling Rome in a political sense.


Premise: How many people did Wei Hong say were dead or missing?

Hypothesis: Executive vice governor Wei Hong confirmed on November 21, 2008 that more than 90,000 people in total were dead or missing in the earthquake.


Premise: In what century was Harsha's rule?

Hypothesis: Emperor Harsha of Kannauj succeeded in reuniting northern India during his reign in the 7th century, after the collapse of the Gupta dynasty.


Premise: What did Nasser work to put into place in Egypt?

Hypothesis: Nasser made Egypt fully independent of British influence, and the country became a major power in the developing world under his leadership.


Premise: Approximately how many people visited New Jersey's casinos in 2011?

Hypothesis: Atlantic City is considered as the "Gambling Capital of the East Coast," and currently has eight large casinos and several smaller ones.


Premise: About how many hotels does St. Barts have?

Hypothesis: Most places of accommodation are in the form of private villas, of which there are some 400 available to rent on the island.


Premise: What work by Avicenna is thought to be a fake?

Hypothesis: Liber Aboali Abincine de Anima in arte Alchemiae was the most influential, having influenced later medieval chemists and alchemists such as Vincent of Beauvais.


Premise: What percentage of out-of-state tourists stayed in Tennessee for four or more nights?

Hypothesis: In 2013 tourism within the state from local citizens accounted for 39.9% of tourists, the second highest originating location for tourists to Tennessee is the state of Georgia, accounting for 8.4% of tourists.:17 Forty-four percent of stays in the state


Premise: The lower regions and larger towns of the Alps are well-served by what?

Hypothesis: The lower regions and larger towns of the Alps are well-served by motorways and main roads, but higher mountain passes and byroads, which are amongst the highest in Europe, can be treacherous even in summer due to steep slopes.


Premise: In what month and year did Gaddafi make a speech promoting economic privatization?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi welcomed these reforms, calling for wide-scale privatization in a March 2003 speech.


Premise: Ash and hickory are often used for baseball bats to comply with the rules of what organization?

Hypothesis: The baseball bats which are legal for use in Major League Baseball are frequently made of ash wood or hickory, and in recent years have been constructed from maple even though that wood is somewhat more fragile.


Premise: How much did Melbourne's population increase within months of the gold rush?

Hypothesis: Within months, the city's population had increased by nearly three-quarters, from 25,000 to 40,000 inhabitants.


Premise: Who would raid the desert leaving the people in constant   fear?

Hypothesis: Raids from the nomadic Berber people of the desert were a constant concern of those living on the edge of the desert.


Premise: What is the lowest point in Detroit along side?

Hypothesis: Detroit's lowest elevation is along the Detroit River, at a surface height of 572 feet (174 m).


Premise: What three things are Pentecostals committed to?

Hypothesis: For this reason, some Pentecostals also use the term Apostolic or Full Gospel to describe their movement.


Premise: Where do Sikhs mostly live?

Hypothesis: Sikhs mostly live in towns and cities and constitute 1.16% of the state population.


Premise: Has the demand increased inside or outside the country?

Hypothesis: These aesthetic and tasteful handicrafts declined under competition from machine made goods and also because of lack of marketing facilities.


Premise: What 3 religions does Egypt recognise?

Hypothesis: Other faiths and minority Muslim sects practised by Egyptians, such as the small Bahá'í and Ahmadi community, are not recognised by the state and face persecution since they are labelled as far right groups that threaten Egypt's national security.


Premise: What type of architecture did Georgian replace?

Hypothesis: The style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture.


Premise: Where is the world's oldest yahct club?

Hypothesis: The Royal Cork Yacht Club located in Crosshaven (outside the city) is the world's oldest yacht club, and "Cork Week" is a notable sailing event.


Premise: In what year did Gabe Newell call the PS3 "a total disaster"?

Hypothesis: Just say, 'This was a horrible disaster and we're sorry


Premise: How many towers were planned to be built?

Hypothesis: They were scheduled for completion in 2019 or 2020, but as of January 2015 construction had not yet begun, and there were questions in the press about the future of the project.


Premise: Who founded the Mission San Xavier del Bac?

Hypothesis: Hugo O'Conor, the founding father of the city of Tucson, Arizona authorized the construction of a military fort in that location, Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón, on August 20, 1775 (near the present downtown Pima County Courthouse).


Premise: What do some cultures have formal ceremonies for?

Hypothesis: For example, in many English-speaking nations, it is assumed that same-sex kissing, particularly between men, is a sign of homosexuality, whereas various types of same-sex kissing are common expressions of friendship in other nations.


Premise: How are Freemasons invited to join a lodge?

Hypothesis: The onus is on candidates to ask to join; while candidates may be encouraged to ask, they are never invited.


Premise: What three services make up the armed forces of the UK?

Hypothesis: During the 1920s and 1930s, British civil servants and politicians, looking back at the performance of the state during World War I, concluded that there was a need for greater co-ordination between the three Services that made up the armed forces of the United Kingdom—the British Army, the Royal Navy, and the Royal Air Force.


Premise: Who called postmodern architecture a "decorated shed"?

Hypothesis: Postmodernism produced a style that combined contemporary building technology and cheap materials, with the aesthetics of older pre-modern and non-modern styles, from high classical architecture to popular or vernacular regional building styles.


Premise: In the Rupublic of Hellenic who is the ethnic majority and what percentage of the populace do they represent ?

Hypothesis: Today, Greeks are the majority ethnic group in the Hellenic Republic, where they constitute 93% of the country's population, and the Republic of Cyprus where they make up 78% of the island's population (excluding Turkish settlers in the occupied part of the country).


Premise: What city saw the largest growth?

Hypothesis: The city seeing the largest percentage growth was Kalispell with 40.1 percent, and the city with the largest increase in actual residents was Billings with an increase in population of 14,323 from 2000-2010.


Premise: What is a chemical that can cause green hue in birds?

Hypothesis: Turacoverdin is one chemical which can cause a green hue in birds, especially.


Premise: What philosphy in education was sanctioned by the Chinese court?

Hypothesis: He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class.


Premise: What is unique about the LaserDisc release of E.T.?

Hypothesis: the Extra-Terrestrial is the only format to include the cut scene of Harrison Ford playing the part of the school headmaster telling off Elliott for letting the frogs free in the biology class.


Premise: What did Uesugi encourage?

Hypothesis: You may not be in the wrong to think that the world is always subject to change, but the warrior must not entertain this way of thinking, for his fate is always determined."


Premise: Which piece of legislation was begun in 1969?

Hypothesis: Philadelphia was selected as the test case because, as Assistant Secretary of Labor Arthur Fletcher explained, "The craft unions and the construction industry are among the most egregious offenders against equal opportunity laws . . .


Premise: How many kilometers does the administrative region cover?

Hypothesis: Since the 19th century, the built-up area of Paris has grown far beyond its administrative borders; together with its suburbs, the whole agglomeration has a population of 10,550,350 (Jan. 2012 census).


Premise: Who appealed to Elizabeth to reverse the dismissal of Whitlam?

Hypothesis: As Whitlam had a majority in the House of Representatives, Speaker Gordon Scholes appealed to the Queen to reverse Kerr's decision.


Premise: Where was the first military academy Napoleon attended located?

Hypothesis: In May, he was admitted to a military academy at Brienne-le-Château.


Premise: In which of Nepal's art galleries can one take an art class?

Hypothesis: The Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery, located inside the Bhrikutimandap Exhibition grounds, hosts the work of contemporary painters and sculptors, and regularly organizes exhibitions.


Premise: Has any club won both in a same season?

Hypothesis: In 1998–99, Manchester United added the 1999 Champions League title to their league and cup double to complete a unique Treble.


Premise: Who is one of Bermuda's most famous watercolourists?

Hypothesis: Local artwork may also be viewed at several galleries around the island.


Premise: An important guiding priciple of Buddhist practice is what?

Hypothesis: An important guiding principle of Buddhist practice is the Middle Way (or Middle Path), which is said to have been discovered by Gautama Buddha prior to his enlightenment.


Premise: What denomination are the majority of Guinea-Bissau's muslims?

Hypothesis: In the early 21st century, many have adopted Islam, which is now practiced by 50% of the country's population.


Premise: How many hectares in size is Kathmandu's ward 26?

Hypothesis: Ward 16 is the largest, with an area of 437.4 ha; ward 26 is the smallest, with an area of 4 ha.


Premise: In what year did the city vote to change to a strong mayor government?

Hypothesis: The change was brought about by a citywide vote in 2004.


Premise: Which bowl game is held in Detroit?

Hypothesis: In college sports, Detroit's central location within the Mid-American Conference has made it a frequent site for the league's championship events.


Premise: What document was meant to resolve lingering issues of colonialism?

Hypothesis: He succeeded in lobbying the attendees to pass resolutions on each of these issues, notably securing the strong support of China and India.


Premise: Who was the rebel baron leader?

Hypothesis: They congregated at Northampton in May and renounced their feudal ties to John, appointing Robert fitz Walter as their military leader.


Premise: What are the names of the two Achievement First charter schools located in New Haven?

Hypothesis: New Haven is home to a number of other private schools as well as public magnet schools, including Metropolitan Business Academy, High School in the Community, Hill Regional Career High School, Co-op High School, New Haven Academy, ACES Educational Center for the Arts, the Foote School and the Sound School, all of which draw students from New Haven and suburban towns.


Premise: Who are examples of Sir of Dame?

Hypothesis: Occasionally honorary appointees are, incorrectly, referred to as Sir or Dame - Bill Gates or Bob Geldof, for example.


Premise: Did Eton's official statement say that they took the matter seriously or frivilously?

Hypothesis: A spokesman representing Eton College released the following statement: "Eton College takes its legal responsibilities extremely seriously and expects all school activities to comply with the law.


Premise: Which psychiatrist said that when a parent dies when the child is young, it leaves a lasting impact?

Hypothesis: Psychiatrist Keith Ablow suggests her mother's death would have had an immeasurable impact on the young Madonna at a time when her personality was still forming.


Premise: What type of processing is used in enterprise database software?

Hypothesis: XML databases are mostly used in enterprise database management, where XML is being used as the machine-to-machine data interoperability standard.


Premise: What prize did TR2 almost win?

Hypothesis: It received negative feedback before opening when David Mackay said it was already "ten years out of date".


Premise: If bob remembered how to bake a cake after seeing this on television what memory is he using?

Hypothesis: In contrast, procedural memory (or implicit memory) is not based on the conscious recall of information, but on implicit learning.


Premise: In what city did Japan set up a provisional capital?

Hypothesis: In addition, Japanese control of northern and central China was somewhat tenuous, in that Japan was usually able to control railroads and the major cities ("points and lines"), but did not have a major military or administrative presence in the vast Chinese countryside.


Premise: In the United States, what is the ratio of executive agreements to treaties?

Hypothesis: Currently, international agreements are executed by executive agreement rather than treaties at a rate of 10:1.


Premise: How many murder convictions occur in the US per execution?

Hypothesis: Within the context of the overall murder rate, the death penalty cannot be said to be widely or routinely used in the United States; in recent years the average has been about one execution for about every 700 murders committed, or 1 execution for about every 325 murder convictions.


Premise: Which BYU student produced algorithm is found in Adobe Photoshop?

Hypothesis: Harvey Fletcher, also an alumnus of BYU, inventor of stereophonic sound, went on to carry out the now famous oil-drop experiment with Robert Millikan, and was later Founding Dean of the BYU College of Engineering.


Premise: During what period were oil-funded programs for social welfare created?

Hypothesis: From 1969 to 1973, the RCC introduced social welfare programs funded with oil money, which led to house-building projects and improved healthcare and education.


Premise: What notable quality made Burma stand out from other South East Asian countries ?

Hypothesis: It produced 75% of the world's teak and had a highly literate population.


Premise: In which year did Gonzalez become commander of Chihuahua?

Hypothesis: In 1829, González became general commander of Chihuahua, when his term of office on the west coast expired.


Premise: Even if a harvest is good, food security can be crippled when a government has tendencies toward what?

Hypothesis: The 20th century is full of many examples of governments undermining the food security of their own nations – sometimes intentionally.


Premise: Who took over for Howard Kendall after his third attempt at managing the Everton FC was unsuccessful?

Hypothesis: Former Rangers manager Walter Smith then took over from Kendall in the summer of 1998 but only managed three successive finishes in the bottom half of the table.


Premise: In what year did Lionel Richie record "You Are"?

Hypothesis: No song spent more than six weeks at #1 on this chart during the 1980s, with nine songs accomplishing that feat.


Premise: What is the nationality of the company that makes pentobarbital?

Hypothesis: The European Union has outlawed the export of any product that could be used in an execution; this has prevented executioners from using EU-manufactured anesthetics like propofol which are needed for general medical purposes.


Premise: Standard connectors were designed to be what?

Hypothesis: The standard connectors were designed to be robust.


Premise: Zinc, copper and aluminum alloys have use in what part of machinery?

Hypothesis: Other widely used alloys that contain zinc include nickel silver, typewriter metal, soft and aluminium solder, and commercial bronze.


Premise: Lee modeled the character Atticus after what laywer?

Hypothesis: Lee had lost her mother, who suffered from mental illness, six years before she met Hohoff at Lippincott’s offices.


Premise: Who grants royal assent in Canada?

Hypothesis: For Canada, this is the lieutenant governors of the provinces.


Premise: According to the Declaration of Delhi, what type of conditions are needed for human dignity?

Hypothesis: The Declaration of Delhi did not, however, suggest that the rule of law requires legislative power to be subject to judicial review.


Premise: In Alsatian, what does Sauerkraut mean?

Hypothesis: The word Sauerkraut in Alsatian has the form sûrkrût, same as in other southwestern German dialects, and means "sour cabbage" as its Standard German equivalent.


Premise: In the 20th century the Night Ferry was a boat train that provided connections between London and which cities?

Hypothesis: Some international railway services to Continental Europe were operated during the 20th century as boat trains, such as the Admiraal de Ruijter to Amsterdam and the Night Ferry to Paris and Brussels.


Premise: Where did parents go to mourn their children?

Hypothesis: The surviving children, who were mostly living in relief centres, performed ceremonies marking the special day, but also acknowledging the earthquake.


Premise: What was the Libyan coup later called, when it was renamed for the day it took place?

Hypothesis: He proclaimed that the revolution meant "freedom, socialism, and unity", and over the coming years implemented measures to achieve this.


Premise: What is the most common surname in Melbourne's phone book?

Hypothesis: Nguyen is the second most common in Melbourne's phone book after Smith.


Premise: Which half of the island is usually greener due to more rainfall?

Hypothesis: During the rainy season the area turns green with vegetation and grass.


Premise: What year was Seleucus killed?

Hypothesis: After initial successes, he was forced to surrender to Seleucus in 285 and later died in captivity.


Premise: Who do the bears fight?

Hypothesis: Though they have wrestled around the world and continue to do so, wrestling bears enjoyed their greatest popularity in the Southern United States, during the 1960s and 1970s.


Premise: What group does Bobby Kotick think is being discouraged from working on the PS3?

Hypothesis: In an interview with The Times Kotick stated "I'm getting concerned about Sony; the PlayStation 3 is losing a bit of momentum and they don't make it easy for me to support the platform."


Premise: Who attacked the protest?

Hypothesis: On October 1, 1989, a peaceful demonstration of 10,000 to 15,000 people was violently dispersed by the militia in front of Lviv's Druzhba Stadium, where a concert celebrating the Soviet "reunification" of Ukrainian lands was being held.


Premise: In what borough is Godiva based?

Hypothesis: Entrepreneurs were forming a "Chocolate District" in Brooklyn as of 2014, while Godiva, one of the world's largest chocolatiers, continues to be headquartered in Manhattan.


Premise: What are some applications of discrete MOSFETs?

Hypothesis: Discrete MOSFETs can be applied in transistor applications, including analog circuits, voltage regulators, amplifiers, power transmitters and motor drivers.


Premise: What was Tuscon known as 12,000 years ago?

Hypothesis: The floodplain of the Santa Cruz River was extensively farmed during the Early Agricultural period, circa 1200 BC to AD 150.


Premise: Whom wrote the publication outlining the New Orthophonic curve?

Hypothesis: It eventually became the technical predecessor to the RIAA curve.


Premise: Which party was Winston Churchill in?

Hypothesis: In 1951, the Conservative Party returned to power in Britain, under the leadership of Winston Churchill.


Premise: In the last 40 years, how much has worldwide paper consumption risen?

Hypothesis: Logging of old growth forests accounts for less than 10% of wood pulp, but is one of the most controversial issues.


Premise: During what century did carmine start to see use?

Hypothesis: It was used by almost all the great painters of the 15th and 16th centuries, including Rembrandt, Vermeer, Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Diego Velázquez and Tintoretto.


Premise: What did Mill say might not actually exist?

Hypothesis: Berkeley put God in that gap; the phenomenalists, including Mill, essentially left the question unanswered.


Premise: Fachhochschulen favor an education in what, as opposed to research?

Hypothesis: They do not focus exclusively on technology, but may also offer courses in social science, medicine, business and design.


Premise: Why did the FCC reject systems such as MUSE?

Hypothesis: At this time, the number of television channels was growing rapidly and bandwidth was already a problem.


Premise: What is the range of green wavelengths available when using DPSS technology?

Hypothesis: Other green wavelengths are also available using DPSS technology ranging from 501 nm to 543 nm.


Premise: After his return from where did Tito remove many restrictions on churches in Yugoslavia?

Hypothesis: Tito visited India from December 22, 1954 through January 8, 1955.


Premise: At its founding. what was the official language of the Republic of China?

Hypothesis: From the Ming dynasty onward, Beijing has been the capital of China and the dialect spoken in Beijing has had the most prestige among other varieties.


Premise: What process occurred around the 12th century?

Hypothesis: The Rasaratna Samuccaya, written in approximately the 13th century AD, mentions two types of zinc-containing ores: one used for metal extraction and another used for medicinal purposes.


Premise: Without what are organic plants meant to be grown ?

Hypothesis: This institution determines the allowed practices for pest control, growing, fertilizing, and handling of organic crops.


Premise: When did the first Page 3 model appear topless?

Hypothesis: A topless Page 3 model gradually became a regular fixture, and with increasingly risqué poses.


Premise: Where did Feyman accept a job after the war?

Hypothesis: His work during this period, which used equations of rotation to express various spinning speeds, proved important to his Nobel Prize–winning work, yet because he felt burned out and had turned his attention to less immediately practical problems, he was surprised by the offers of professorships from other renowned universities.


Premise: Who requested that Burke support the French Revolution?

Hypothesis: Initially, Burke did not condemn the French Revolution.


Premise: Who was the Foreign Secretary of Russell's ministry?

Hypothesis: She found particularly offensive the Foreign Secretary, Lord Palmerston, who often acted without consulting the Cabinet, the Prime Minister, or the Queen.


Premise: What is the UK's central bank known as?

Hypothesis: The City of London is home to the Bank of England, London Stock Exchange, and Lloyd's of London insurance market.


Premise: What is current GDP estimated at?

Hypothesis: As per the current prices, the total GDP was estimated at ₹ 254 billion as against ₹ 230 billion in the year 2004–05, showing an increase of 10.5%.