Premise: What is used to light the flame on the Olympic Torch?

Hypothesis: An ignition key is used to ignite and extinguish the flame.


Premise: Some of the county attractions are

Hypothesis: Attractions include the coastal towns, part of the Exmoor National Park, the West Somerset Railway (a heritage railway), and the museum of the Fleet Air Arm at RNAS Yeovilton.


Premise: What was the full title for Shogun?

Hypothesis: Though this is the first known use of the "Shogun" title, it was a temporary title, and was not imbued with political power until the 13th century.


Premise: What percentage of sexually active teenagers will contract an STI?

Hypothesis: One in four sexually active teenagers will contract an STI.


Premise: In what year was a tuna loining plant constructed?

Hypothesis: But the plant closed in 2005 after a failed attempt to convert it to produce tuna steaks, a process that requires half as many employees.


Premise: What party did Durkin run as?

Hypothesis: In the general election, Kerry was initially favored to defeat the Republican candidate, former State Representative Paul W. Cronin, and conservative Democrat Roger P. Durkin, who ran as an Independent.


Premise: Whose residence was attacked by members of the armed forces?

Hypothesis: In November 2008, President Vieira's official residence was attacked by members of the armed forces, killing a guard but leaving the president unharmed.


Premise: When speaking of religion, what does Ummah refer to?

Hypothesis: In a religious sense, the Islamic Ummah refers to those who adhere to the teachings of Islam, referred to as Muslims.


Premise: How are the plant roots able to communicate with rhizome bacteria, fungi, and insects within the soil?

Hypothesis: Plant roots communicate with rhizome bacteria, fungi, and insects within the soil.


Premise: What does PCEEO stand for?

Hypothesis: The administration was "not demanding any special preference or treatment or quotas for minorities" but was rather "advocating racially neutral hiring to end job discrimination".:61 Turning to issues of women's rights, Kennedy initiated a Commission on the Status of Women in December 1961.


Premise: By when did the Portuguese unemployment rate pass the 10% mark?

Hypothesis: In the second quarter of 2008 the unemployment rate was 7.3%, but the rate immediately rose the following period.


Premise: What verb form is found in Czech dictionaries?

Hypothesis: It is the form found in dictionaries and the form that follows auxiliary verbs (for example, můžu tě slyšet—"I can hear you").


Premise: The agreement Hayek criticized was between the British Labour government and which political party?

Hypothesis: In 1977, Hayek was critical of the Lib-Lab pact, in which the British Liberal Party agreed to keep the British Labour government in office.


Premise: What do members of the Bahá'í Faith call God?

Hypothesis: There are many names for God, and different names are attached to different cultural ideas about God's identity and attributes.


Premise: What kinds of courses does RIBA conduct accreditation services for apart from the Architects Registration Board?

Hypothesis: It also provides validation to international courses without input from the ARB.


Premise: What award did Game Critics Awards and GameSpy give Twilight Princess?

Hypothesis: Both IGN and Nintendo Power gave Twilight Princess the awards for Best Graphics and Best Story.


Premise: Where did Benjamin Franklin believe the charge was stored in Leyden jars?

Hypothesis: Benjamin Franklin investigated the Leyden jar and came to the conclusion that the charge was stored on the glass, not in the water as others had assumed.


Premise: Where are Mesopotamian astronomical periods still used?

Hypothesis: Even today, astronomical periods identified by Mesopotamian proto-scientists are still widely used in Western calendars such as the solar year and the lunar month.


Premise: Who dismissed the allegations?

Hypothesis: Later the industry acknowledged the working conditions for children were unsatisfactory and children's rights were sometimes violated and acknowledged the claims could not be ignored.


Premise: How many watts is in one official horsepower?

Hypothesis: For a difficult task of only a few seconds' duration, a person can put out thousands of watts, many times the 746 watts in one official horsepower.


Premise: What is the understanding of the scales used?

Hypothesis: It is assumed that these scales will be able to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation.


Premise: What does the abbreviation OCA stand for?

Hypothesis: OCA is the preferred method of countering air and missile threats, since it attempts to defeat the enemy closer to its source and typically enjoys the initiative.


Premise: What percentage of all African-Americans identify with Baptist denominations?

Hypothesis: In 2007, the Pew Research Center's Religious Landscape Survey found that 45% of all African-Americans identify with Baptist denominations, with the vast majority of those being within the historically black tradition.


Premise: Who lead the rebellion against the 1211 settlement?

Hypothesis: John put off dealing with the badly deteriorating situation in North Wales, where Llywelyn the Great was leading a rebellion against the 1211 settlement.


Premise: When did Neptune complete it's first barycentric orbit since it's discovery?

Hypothesis: On 11 July 2011, Neptune completed its first full barycentric orbit since its discovery in 1846, although it did not appear at its exact discovery position in the sky, because Earth was in a different location in its 365.26-day orbit.


Premise: When was Archives II opened?

Hypothesis: Because of space constraints, NARA opened a second facility, known informally as Archives II, in 1994 near the University of Maryland, College Park campus (8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD, 20740-6001).


Premise: Attempting to use Gregorian dates for earlier events  on the Julian calendar should be used with what action?

Hypothesis: Extending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction produces a proleptic calendar, which should be used with some caution.


Premise: What countries found their economic growth in early 20th century?

Hypothesis: At the same time, other states were emerging and expanding in power, largely through the process of industrialization.


Premise: How was BYU ranked by The Princeton Review for having the happiest students and highest quality of life in 2008?

Hypothesis: However, the quirkiness and sometimes "too nice" culture is often caricatured, for example, in terms of marrying early and being very conservative.


Premise: What organization did Libya join in 1999?

Hypothesis: He became one of the founders of the African Union (AU), initiated in July 2002 to replace the OAU; at the opening ceremonies, he proclaimed that African states should reject conditional aid from the developed world, a direct contrast to the message of South African President Thabo Mbeki.


Premise: Who was the Papal Sacristan for John XXIII?

Hypothesis: "At 11 am Petrus Canisius Van Lierde as Papal Sacristan was at the bedside of the dying pope, ready to anoint him.


Premise: Who is Aeneas' enemy throughout the Aeneid?

Hypothesis: On reaching Cumae, in Italy in Book 6, Aeneas consults the Cumaean Sibyl, who conducts him through the Underworld where Aeneas meets the dead Anchises who reveals Rome's destiny to his son.


Premise: In what film did Donald Moffat play President Bennett?

Hypothesis: America based actor Donald Moffat, whose roles include American Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson in the film


Premise: What makes up the smallest portion of the defence estate?

Hypothesis: These are largely managed by the Defence Infrastructure Organisation.


Premise: Who helped with the Free Elections?

Hypothesis: Pressure from the United States, France, and from a group of locally represented countries and agencies called GIBAFOR (France, the USA, Germany, Japan, the EU, the World Bank, and the UN) finally led Kolingba to agree, in principle, to hold free elections in October 1992 with help from the UN Office of Electoral Affairs.


Premise: What's might a new TZ value mishandle when it changes with new DST rules?

Hypothesis: Older or stripped-down systems may support only the TZ values required by POSIX, which specify at most one start and end rule explicitly in the value.


Premise: What has an important presence in Zhejiang since its arrival 1,800 years ago?

Hypothesis: In mid-2015 the government of Zhejiang recognised folk religion as "civil religion" beginning the registration of more than twenty thousand folk religious associations.


Premise: What has disappeared, then been recreated in order to perform music of the period?

Hypothesis: Some have survived to the present day; others have disappeared, only to be recreated in order to perform music of the period on authentic instruments.


Premise: Along with urban and rhythmic dance tracks, what genre is featured on hot AC stations with a younger audience?

Hypothesis: Some Hot AC stations concentrate slightly more on pop music and alternative rock to target the Generation Z audience, though they include the more youth-oriented teen pop, urban and rhythmic dance tracks.


Premise: Who was Home Secretary in 1938?

Hypothesis: The WVS (Women's Voluntary Services for Civil Defence) was set up under the direction of Samuel Hoare, Home Secretary in 1938 specifically in the event of air raids.


Premise: What does the word "races" mean as referenced in Darwin's book?

Hypothesis: Here the term "races" is used as an alternative for "varieties" and does not carry the modern connotation of human races—the first use in the book refers to "the several races, for instance, of the cabbage" and proceeds to a discussion of "the hereditary varieties or races of our domestic animals and plants".


Premise: What is the official name for the Minister in charge of tourism on Norfolk Island?

Hypothesis: Other ministers included: Minister for Tourism, Industry and Development; Minister for Finance; Minister for Cultural Heritage and Community Services; and Minister for Environment.


Premise: What language form differs in the amount of vowel reduction?

Hypothesis: Dialects differ in the different degrees of vowel reduction, and the incidence of the pair /ɛ e/.


Premise: How many peole work in the La Defense district?

Hypothesis: Nineteen percent of Paris employees work for the State in either in administration or education.


Premise: What can schools do to help children led to better work lives?

Hypothesis: Children who are not doing well at school sometimes seek more satisfactory experience in work.


Premise: What are these districts known as?

Hypothesis: Districts are further divided into fifteen sub-districts known as nafot (נפות; singular: nafa), which are themselves partitioned into fifty natural regions.


Premise: How many Nazis were arrested?

Hypothesis: Eight Nazi agents who had planned sabotage operations against American targets were arrested, and six were executed (Ex parte Quirin) under their sentences.


Premise: How many miles long is Antarctica's coast line?

Hypothesis: Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, or by the southern waters of the World Ocean.


Premise: How many non-Germans lived in Thuringia in 2013?

Hypothesis: The amount of foreigners varies between regions: the college towns Erfurt, Jena, Weimar and Ilmenau have the highest rates, whereas there are almost no migrants living in the most rural smaller municipalities.


Premise: What was the name of the law that enacted this?

Hypothesis: Spanish was nonetheless the only official language in Galicia for more than four centuries.


Premise: Name two works that are often the subject of a variorum.

Hypothesis: The Bible and the works of William Shakespeare have often been the subjects of variorum editions, although the same techniques have been applied with less frequency to many other works, such as Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass, and the prose writings of Edward Fitzgerald.


Premise: How many official Greek mandatory public holidays are there?

Hypothesis: In addition, there are four mandatory official public holidays: 25 March (Greek Independence Day), Easter Monday, 15 August (Assumption or Dormition of the Holy Virgin), and 25 December (Christmas).


Premise: Approximately how many extant bird species are flightless?

Hypothesis: About 60 extant bird species are flightless, as were many extinct birds.


Premise: Why were the clean slate decrees useful to the rulers of Sumer?

Hypothesis: According to Hudson, the purpose of these decrees was to prevent debts mounting to a degree that they threatened fighting force which could happen if peasants lost the subsistence land or became bondservants due to the inability to repay the debt.


Premise: What religious movement affected education, politics, the economy, and marriage?

Hypothesis: Since about 1950, women have entered the ministry, and some have assumed leading positions (e.g. bishops), in most Protestant churches.


Premise: By what route did Babur enter India?

Hypothesis: After Sher Shah's death, his son Islam Shah Suri and the Hindu emperor Hemu Vikramaditya, who had won 22 battles against Afghan rebels and forces of Akbar, from Punjab to Bengal and had established a secular rule in North India from Delhi till 1556 after winning Battle of Delhi.


Premise: Where did the US defeat occupying Spanish forces prior to the Philippine American War?

Hypothesis: Defeated in the field and losing its capital in March 1899, the poorly armed and poorly led rebels broke into armed bands.


Premise: What must voters do on the ballot when Parliament adds a supplement?

Hypothesis: Similarly, the federal constitutional initiative allows citizens to put a constitutional amendment to a national vote, if 100,000 voters sign the proposed amendment within 18 months.[note 8]


Premise: In the US, the style during this time of Neoclassical Empire was known as what?

Hypothesis: According to the art historian Hugh Honour "so far from being, as is sometimes supposed, the culmination of the Neo-classical movement, the Empire marks its rapid decline and transformation back once more into a mere antique revival, drained of all the high-minded ideas and force of conviction that had inspired its masterpieces".


Premise: Which wheelchair-bound torchbearer was ejected from the relay for showing a Tibetan flag?

Hypothesis: The relay descended into confusion as the first runner in the elaborately planned relay disappeared into a warehouse on a waterfront pier where it stayed for a half-an-hour.


Premise: Who conquered the Eastern Provinces of the Byzantine empire?

Hypothesis: Islamic architecture used mosaic technique to decorate religious buildings and palaces after the Muslim conquests of the eastern provinces of the Byzantine Empire.


Premise: When did recovery of these diverse animals begin?

Hypothesis: Recent research indicates that the specialized animals that formed complex ecosystems, with high biodiversity, complex food webs and a variety of niches, took much longer to reestablish, recovery did not begin until the start of the mid-Triassic, 4M to 6M years after the extinction and was not complete until 30M years after the Permian–Triassic extinction event.


Premise: Besides parking requirements, what land use regulations does Houston have?

Hypothesis: Though Houston is the largest city in the United States without formal zoning regulations, it has developed similarly to other Sun Belt cities because the city's land use regulations and legal covenants have played a similar role.


Premise: What was Sweden's motivation to join the war?

Hypothesis: Sweden, fearing Prussia's expansionist tendencies, went to war in 1757 to protect its Baltic dominions, seeing its chance when virtually all of Europe opposed Prussia.


Premise: Who commanded the defense of an area?

Hypothesis: Nearly all provinces had at least one fortress.


Premise: When did this revival period begin?

Hypothesis: This period starts with Aribau's Ode to the Homeland (1833); followed in the second half of the 19th century, and the early 20th by the work of Verdaguer (poetry), Oller (realist novel), and Guimerà (drama).


Premise: Is maple wood diffuse-porous or ring-porous?

Hypothesis: Some species, such as walnut and cherry, are on the border between the two classes, forming an intermediate group.[citation needed]


Premise: How many students are studying at the University of Plymouth?

Hypothesis: The University of Plymouth enrolls 25,895 total students as of 2014/15 (22nd largest in the UK out of 165).


Premise: What is another term for the Umayyads?

Hypothesis: The two families are therefore considered to be different clans (those of Hashim and of Umayya, respectively) of the same tribe (that of the Quraish).


Premise: According to democratic rules of the 106th congress what committee does minority leader head?

Hypothesis: He or she is a member of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee; names the members of the Democratic Leadership Council; chairs the Policy Committee; and heads the Steering Committee.


Premise: When was the Juan Manuel Blanes Museum founded?

Hypothesis: The Juan Manuel Blanes Museum was founded in 1930, the 100th anniversary of the first Constitution of Uruguay, significant with regard to the fact that Juan Manuel Blanes painted Uruguayan patriotic themes.


Premise: How many Americans were given the drug Kevadon?

Hypothesis: Over 20,000 Americans received thalidomide in this "study," including 624 pregnant patients, and about 17 known newborns suffered the effects of the drug.[citation needed]


Premise: What did Romans use as money in the 6th through 3rd centuriesBC?

Hypothesis: Romans in the 6th through 3rd centuries BC used copper lumps as money.


Premise: What was the impact of incorporating the sharia into the legal system?

Hypothesis: In May 1970, the Revolutionary Intellectuals Seminar was held to bring intellectuals in line with the revolution, while that year's Legislative Review and Amendment united secular and religious law codes, introducing sharia into the legal system.


Premise: Until 2010, which airline made Houston its headquarters?

Hypothesis: In early 2007, Bush Intercontinental Airport was named a model "port of entry" for international travelers by U.S. Customs and Border Protection.


Premise: What did Songtsan Gampo unite?

Hypothesis: The history of a unified Tibet begins with the rule of Songtsän Gampo (604–650 CE), who united parts of the Yarlung River Valley and founded the Tibetan Empire.


Premise: In what country does Hospira manufacture sodium thiopental today?

Hypothesis: Pharmaceutical companies whose products are used in the three-drug cocktails for lethal injections are predominantly European, and they have strenuously objected to the use of their drugs for executions and taken steps to prevent their use.


Premise: What type of law locked down the Catholic church's stance on celibacy in the priesthood?

Hypothesis: In response to these questions, the Pope reaffirms the discipline as a long-held practice with special importance in the Catholic Church.


Premise: What type of island grouping is Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: Funafuti is the largest atoll of the nine low reef islands and atolls that form the Tuvalu volcanic island chain.


Premise: What accords possibly contributed to or reinforced the financial crisis?

Hypothesis: Critics such as economist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner have argued that the regulatory framework did not keep pace with financial innovation, such as the increasing importance of the shadow banking system, derivatives and off-balance sheet financing.


Premise: How many members are in the Grand Lodge of England?

Hypothesis: Freemasonry, as it exists in various forms all over the world, has a membership estimated by the United Grand Lodge of England at around six million worldwide.


Premise: How much did the market value of the college's endowment increase between 2014 and 2015?

Hypothesis: Unitised Scheme – a unit trust vehicle for College, Faculties and Departments to invest endowments and unfettered income to produce returns for the long term; (ii) Non-Core Property – a portfolio containing around 120 operational and developmental properties which College has determined are not core to the academic mission; and (iii) Strategic Asset Investments – containing College’s shareholding in Imperial Innovations and other restricted equity holdings.


Premise: What is the Fiesta de los Vaqueros?

Hypothesis: The Fiesta de los Vaqueros marks the beginning of the rodeo season in the United States.


Premise: How many pages are printed by the average office worker in the US each day?

Hypothesis: Paper waste accounts for up to 40% of total waste produced in the United States each year, which adds up to 71.6 million tons of paper waste per year in the United States alone.


Premise: When was Uesugi born?

Hypothesis: The rival of Takeda Shingen (1521–1573) was Uesugi Kenshin (1530–1578), a legendary Sengoku warlord well-versed in the Chinese military classics


Premise: The Demand a Plan video campaign followed what tragic event?

Hypothesis: In December, Beyoncé along with a variety of other celebrities teamed up and produced a video campaign for "Demand A Plan", a bipartisan effort by a group of 950 US mayors and others designed to influence the federal government into rethinking its gun control laws, following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting.


Premise: Who criticized President Eisenhower during the 1960 presidential election?

Hypothesis: The order also established the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity (PCEEO), chaired by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson.


Premise: What was the government being accused of?

Hypothesis: The government was accused of "deftly manipulat(ing) Arab solidarity" to carry out policies of apartheid and ethnic cleansing.


Premise: What are racial and colonial definitions of the Middle East considered?

Hypothesis: Although racial and colonial definitions of the Middle East are no longer considered ideologically sound, the sentiment of unity persists.


Premise: What is Stefan Schmid's profession?

Hypothesis: According to geologist Stefan Schmid, because the Western Alps underwent a metamorphic event in the Cenozoic Era while the Austroalpine peaks underwent an event in the Cretaceous Period, the two areas show distinct differences in nappe formations.


Premise: What is the total length of the Detroit International Riverfront?

Hypothesis: The Detroit International Riverfront includes a partially completed three-and-one-half mile riverfront promenade with a combination of parks, residential buildings, and commercial areas.


Premise: In what year was the Sixth Coalition formed?

Hypothesis: The Allies responded by forming a Seventh Coalition, which ultimately defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in June.


Premise: How many species of animals were recorded in Egypt?

Hypothesis: Apart from small and well-studied groups like amphibians, birds, fish, mammals and reptiles, the many of those numbers are likely to increase as further species are recorded from Egypt.


Premise: What might cause Neptune's extreme orientation?

Hypothesis: In comparing the magnetic fields of the two planets, scientists now think the extreme orientation may be characteristic of flows in the planets' interiors.


Premise: In trials of genocidal crimes, what responsibly party is difficult to prosecute?

Hypothesis: By formally recognizing the act of genocide as a crime, involves the undergoing prosecution that begins with not only seeing genocide as outrageous past any moral standpoint but also may be a legal liability within international relations.


Premise: How many records has Beyonce sold in her 19 year career?

Hypothesis: Throughout a career spanning 19 years, she has sold over 118 million records as a solo artist, and a further 60 million with Destiny's Child, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time.


Premise: What are the whimsical alternatives of Palladian architecture?

Hypothesis: John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of the late Georgian era known as The Regency style, he was responsible for designing large areas of London.


Premise: When does the dry season in Guam typical run?

Hypothesis: The weather is generally very warm and humid with little seasonal temperature variation.


Premise: Annealling softens metals by achieving what?

Hypothesis: Nearly all metals can be softened by annealing, which recrystallizes the alloy and repairs the defects, but not as many can be hardened by controlled heating and cooling.


Premise: What increased society's autonomy, self-awareness, and need for exchange of information?

Hypothesis: The modern nation state, in its consolidation of public power, created by counterpoint a private realm of society independent of the state, which allowed for the public sphere.


Premise: What do contemporary scholars feel the post-punk period contributed in hindsight?

Hypothesis: Nicholas Lezard wrote that the music of the period "was avant-garde, open to any musical possibilities that suggested themselves, united only in the sense that it was very often cerebral, concocted by brainy young men and women interested as much in disturbing the audience, or making them think, as in making a pop song".


Premise: What was the tag line requirement before?

Hypothesis: Advertisements produced by political campaigns usually included the statement, "I'm [candidate's name], and I approve this message.


Premise: What is the name of the Chinese social network?

Hypothesis: Yang Min, a computer scientist at Fudan University, also stated that "the security features of Windows 8 are basically to the benefit of Microsoft, allowing them control of the users' data, and that poses a big challenge to the national strategy for information security."


Premise: 54 vessels were built between what years?

Hypothesis: Most of these ships were placed along the Cinque Ports, but Portsmouth was also enlarged.


Premise: In what year did Dominic order his followers into an institutional life?

Hypothesis: The Rule of St. Augustine was an obvious choice for the Dominican Order, according to Dominic's successor, Jordan of Saxony, because it lent itself to the "salvation of souls through preaching".


Premise: What isotope of uranium has the most stability?

Hypothesis: When the Earth was young, probably about one-fifth of its uranium was uranium-235, but the percentage of 234U was probably much lower than this.


Premise: What happened to China after the 20th century revolutions?

Hypothesis: After the early 20th century revolutions, shifting alliances of China's regional warlords waged war for control of the Beijing government.


Premise: How much of South Tucson is Mexican-American?

Hypothesis: South Tucson has a colorful, dynamic history.


Premise: Which two influential periodicals  were closely associated with London coffee house culture and were sold from 1909 to 1714?

Hypothesis: The Tatler and The Spectator, two influential periodicals sold from 1709 to 1714, were closely associated with coffee house culture in London, being both read and produced in various establishments in the city.


Premise: What was Donaldson's role within the Royal Institute?

Hypothesis: The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (Angela Mace,1986) records that the first official version of this badge was used as a bookplate for the Institute's library and publications from 1835 to 1891, when it was redesigned by J.H.Metcalfe.


Premise: What drugs were involved in cases of the largest criminal fines?

Hypothesis: One involved Eli Lilly's antipsychotic Zyprexa, and the other involved Bextra.


Premise: Who rejected the idea of sending the princesses away?

Hypothesis: She stated: "We are trying to do all we can to help our gallant sailors, soldiers and airmen, and we are trying, too, to bear our share of the danger and sadness of war.


Premise: Where will God resurrected the "other sheep" after Armageddon?

Hypothesis: Witnesses believe that a "little flock" go to heaven, but that the hope for life after death for the majority of "other sheep" involves being resurrected by God to a cleansed earth after Armageddon.


Premise: Michigan uses what letter to designate roads that connect major highways?

Hypothesis: I-375 is a short spur route in downtown Detroit, an extension of the Chrysler Freeway.


Premise: What institution is in charge of Samoa's currency?

Hypothesis: The country currency is the Samoan tālā, issued and regulated by the Central Bank of Samoa.


Premise: What type of law handles patent infringement cases in the US?

Hypothesis: In general, patent infringement cases are handled under civil law (e.g., in the United States) but several jurisdictions incorporate infringement in criminal law also (for example, Argentina, China, France, Japan, Russia, South Korea).


Premise: When did the population increases begin in Oklahoma city?

Hypothesis: Oklahoma City has experienced significant population increases since the late 1990s.


Premise: What city is Nigeria's main industrial area?

Hypothesis: Ogun is considered to be the current Nigeria's industrial hub, as most factories are located in Ogun and more companies are moving there, followed by Lagos.


Premise: What was Schwarzenegger's first film role?

Hypothesis: Schwarzenegger wanted to move from bodybuilding into acting, finally achieving it when he was chosen to play the role of Hercules in 1970's Hercules in New York.


Premise: NYC has the highest quantity of skyscrapers after which other world city?

Hypothesis: As of 2011, New York City had 5,937 high-rise buildings, of which 550 completed structures were at least 330 feet (100 m) high, both second in the world after Hong Kong, with over 50 completed skyscrapers taller than 656 feet (200 m).


Premise: When was the 2nd edition of Burke's book published?

Hypothesis: All the reviews of the work were positive, with critics especially appreciative of Burke's quality of writing.


Premise: In what year did Notre Dame have its earliest undergraduate that was female?

Hypothesis: In 1971 Mary Ann Proctor became the first female undergraduate; she transferred from St. Mary's College.


Premise: What did developments in quadraphonic recordings inspire?

Hypothesis: The development of quadraphonic records was announced in 1971.


Premise: In what year did Hudson's address the issue of parking within cities?

Hypothesis: The solution in 1954 was to open the Northland Center in nearby Southfield, just beyond the city limits.


Premise: The conversion of omega-6 DGLA to AA is able to help regulate which process?

Hypothesis: The amount and type of carbohydrates consumed, along with some types of amino acid, can influence processes involving insulin, glucagon, and other hormones; therefore, the ratio of omega-3 versus omega-6 has wide effects on general health, and specific effects on immune function and inflammation, and mitosis (i.e., cell division).


Premise: When did Elizabeth acquire her father's arms?

Hypothesis: Upon her accession, she inherited the various arms her father held as sovereign.


Premise: Who was his deputy?

Hypothesis: At a convention of citizens called to select a new provisional ruler, Gutierrez obtained the vote, with P. J. Escalante for his deputy, and a council to guide the administration.


Premise: When did the palace become the London residence for the monarchs?

Hypothesis: Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837.


Premise: What type of elevator is better suited for carrying freight?

Hypothesis: Freight elevators are generally required to display a written notice in the car that the use by passengers is prohibited (though not necessarily illegal), though certain freight elevators allow dual use through the use of an inconspicuous riser.


Premise: What did the FBI's new director want?

Hypothesis: Within months after the attacks, FBI Director Robert Mueller, who had been sworn in a week before the attacks, called for a re-engineering of FBI structure and operations.


Premise: What made Anglicanism into a more distinct tradition?

Hypothesis: Reformers in the Church of England alternated between sympathies for ancient Catholic tradition and more Reformed principles, gradually developing into a tradition considered a middle way (via media) between the Roman Catholic and Protestant traditions.


Premise: Alexander the Great was the emperor of what?

Hypothesis: Those new cities were composed of Greek colonists who came from different parts of the Greek world, and not, as before, from a specific "mother city".


Premise: Who cast the abbey bells?

Hypothesis: The ring is now made up of ten bells, hung for change ringing, cast in 1971, by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry, tuned to the notes: F#, E, D, C#, B, A, G, F#, E and D.


Premise: In what century did Leibniz propose the idea of Latin: vis viva?

Hypothesis: To account for slowing due to friction, Leibniz theorized that thermal energy consisted of the random motion of the constituent parts of matter, a view shared by Isaac Newton, although it would be more than a century until this was generally accepted.


Premise: When were periods of numerous interracial relationships in the U.S.?

Hypothesis: For example, in the United States, colonial and early federal history were periods of numerous interracial relationships, both outside and inside slavery.


Premise: Who elects the president of Greece?

Hypothesis: The nominal head of state is the President of the Republic, who is elected by the Parliament for a five-year term.


Premise: Why would Italian Americans want to get themselves designated as members of a preferred group?

Hypothesis: An Empirical Study, that affirmative action policies encourage non-preferred groups to designate themselves as members of preferred groups [i.e., primary beneficiaries of affirmative action] to take advantage of group preference policies.


Premise: What island is included in the range?

Hypothesis: The highest of the group is Mount Mitchell in North Carolina at 6,684 feet (2,037 m), which is the highest point in the United States east of the Mississippi River.


Premise: Who did Nasser claim would still be paid despite nationalization of the canal?

Hypothesis: In the speech, he denounced British imperialism in Egypt and British control over the canal company's profits, and upheld that the Egyptian people had a right to sovereignty over the waterway, especially since "120,000 Egyptians had died (sic)" building it.


Premise: What were direct to disc recordings expected to product?

Hypothesis: The appearance of these records is similar to an LP, but they only contain one track each side.


Premise: How many US citizens were killed in the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan?

Hypothesis: At the time of the attack, the U.S. was not officially at war anywhere in the world, which means that the people killed or property destroyed at Pearl Harbor by the Japanese attack had a non-combatant status.[nb 11]


Premise: What is the number of missing persons?

Hypothesis: According to Chinese state officials, the quake caused 69,180 known deaths including 68,636 in Sichuan province; 18,498 people are listed as missing, and 374,176 injured, but these figures may further increase as more reports come in.[dated info]


Premise: Who co-wrote the coronation song?

Hypothesis: Both Allen and Lambert released the coronation song, "No Boundaries" which was co-written by DioGuardi.


Premise: Avoiding the strength of Ottoman trade was accomplished with the discovery of what?

Hypothesis: The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese.


Premise: When did the Act of "Nihil novi nisi commune consensu" happen?

Hypothesis: On 3 May 1505 King Alexander I Jagiellon granted the Act of "Nihil novi nisi commune consensu" (Latin: "I accept nothing new except by common consent").


Premise: What genre of game is Twilight Princess?

Hypothesis: Twilight Princess is an action-adventure game focused on combat, exploration, and item collection.


Premise: Where in Eritrea are marine species such as dolphin, turtles and manta ray found?

Hypothesis: In the coastal areas marine species that are common include dolphin, dugong, whale shark, turtles, marlin/swordfish, and manta ray.


Premise: How many cheetahs remain in the Northwest Africa area?

Hypothesis: There remain fewer than 250 mature cheetahs, which are very cautious, fleeing any human presence.


Premise: In the Marvel Universe, the public treated conferred what response on the Fantastic Four?

Hypothesis: Modern Marvel's first superhero team, the titular stars of The Fantastic Four #1 (Nov. 1961), broke convention with other comic book archetypes of the time by squabbling, holding grudges both deep and petty, and eschewing anonymity or secret identities in favor of celebrity status.


Premise: Name some adverse effects?

Hypothesis: However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects.


Premise: With whom did von Neumann work on the philosophy of artificial intelligence?

Hypothesis: Von Neumann wrote the sorting program for the EDVAC in ink, being 23 pages long; traces can still be seen on the first page of the phrase "TOP SECRET", which was written in pencil and later erased.


Premise: Who was able to secure and stabilize the state eventually and gain the support of the people?

Hypothesis: Despite the difficulties at the beginning, Díaz was able to secure and stabilize the state, which earned the confidence and support of the people.


Premise: Where was the 'Continental model' of police from?

Hypothesis: The 1829 Metropolitan Police Act created a modern police force by limiting the purview of the force and its powers, and envisioning it as merely an organ of the judicial system.


Premise: What road connects Hyderabad to Bhopalpatnam?

Hypothesis: Five state highways, SH-1, SH-2, SH-4, SH-5 and SH-6, either start from, or pass through, Hyderabad.:58


Premise: How long did it take for his discovery to be taken seriously?

Hypothesis: He then published his observations in a series of letters to the Royal Society of London.


Premise: What instruments did Chopin's father play?

Hypothesis: The father played the flute and violin; the mother played the piano and gave lessons to boys in the boarding house that the Chopins kept.


Premise: The abhidharma texts do not contain treatises, but what?

Hypothesis: Every school had its own version of the Abhidharma, with different theories and different texts.


Premise: What was the response of the Argentine response to the British land claim?

Hypothesis: On 22 December 2012, the UK ambassador to Argentina, John Freeman, was summoned to the Argentine government as protest against the claim.


Premise: What did South Korea do to cause members of the South Korean military unit to become trapped near the Han River?

Hypothesis: On 28 June, at 2 am, the South Korean Army blew up the highway bridge across the Han River in an attempt to stop the North Korean army.


Premise: The Times used contributions from significant figures to build what?

Hypothesis: For much of its early life, the profits of The Times were very large and the competition minimal, so it could pay far better than its rivals for information or writers.


Premise: What is the name of the protester who said they would not try to extinguish the torch?

Hypothesis: Argentine activists told a news conference that they would not try to snuff out the torch's flame as demonstrators had in Paris and London.


Premise: Who did Brandenburg work with in music compression?

Hypothesis: As a doctoral student at Germany's University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Karlheinz Brandenburg began working on digital music compression in the early 1980s, focusing on how people perceive music.


Premise: What form of chocolate is especially toxic to dogs?

Hypothesis: Theobromine is toxic to dogs because, although the dog's metabolism is capable of breaking down the chemical, the process is so slow that even small amounts of chocolate can be fatal, especially dark chocolate.


Premise: What is another way in which animals are distinguished from plants and algae?

Hypothesis: They are heterotrophic, generally digesting food in an internal chamber, which separates them from plants and algae.


Premise: Which livestock is the major focus of Tennessee agriculture?

Hypothesis: Although cotton was an early crop in Tennessee, large-scale cultivation of the fiber did not begin until the 1820s with the opening of the land between the Tennessee and Mississippi Rivers.


Premise: What was the 2008-09 Per Capita income of New Delhi?

Hypothesis: In the year 2008–09 New Delhi had a Per Capita Income of Rs.1,16,886 ($2,595).It grew by 16.2% to reach Rs.1,35,814 ($3,018) in 2009–10 fiscal.


Premise: The terms uppercase and lowercase originated from the common layout which type of drawers?

Hypothesis: These terms originated from the common layouts of the shallow drawers called type cases used to hold the movable type for letterpress printing.


Premise: What format dominated the market in the late 1980s?

Hypothesis: Analog disc records would dominate the home entertainment market until they were outsold by the digital compact disc in the late 1980s (which was in turn supplanted by digital audio recordings distributed via online music stores and Internet file sharing).


Premise: When was the Ann Arbor civic Ballet established?

Hypothesis: Another unique piece of artistic expression in Ann Arbor is the fairy doors.


Premise: How did Archaic Indians use fire?

Hypothesis: Intentional burning of vegetation was used to mimic the effects of natural fires that tended to clear forest understories.


Premise: Who blamed John's family background for his cruel personality?

Hypothesis: These historians were often inclined to see John's reign, and his signing of Magna Carta in particular, as a positive step in the constitutional development of England, despite the flaws of the king himself.


Premise: What can this extra bit result in?

Hypothesis: This extra bit can also result in a "bit stuff violation" if the six bits before it in the CRC are 1s.


Premise: Which groups do Orthodox scholars point to when defending their way of interpreting canon?

Hypothesis: Some Orthodox canon scholars point out that, had the Ecumenical Councils (which deliberated in Greek) meant for the canons to be used as laws, they would have called them nómoi/νόμοι (laws) rather than kanónes/κανόνες (rules), but almost all Orthodox conform to them.


Premise: Whose return to Apple resulted in the company's reorganization?

Hypothesis: Industry pundits have often called attention to the Mac's relatively small market share to predict Apple's impending doom, particularly in the early and mid-1990s when the company's future seemed bleakest.


Premise: In what century did the term polytechnic first show up?

Hypothesis: The English term polytechnic appeared in the early 19th century, from the French École Polytechnique, an engineering school founded in 1794 in Paris.


Premise: Which four people usually met at Fauconnier's studio in 1910?

Hypothesis: Already in 1910 a group began to form which included Metzinger, Gleizes, Delaunay and Léger.


Premise: Who was acquired in a trade with Florida for Hee-seop Choi?

Hypothesis: They led the Wild Card by 1.5 games over San Francisco and Houston on September 25, and both of those teams lost that day, giving the Cubs a chance at increasing the lead to a commanding 2.5 games with only eight games remaining in the season, but reliever LaTroy Hawkins blew a save to the Mets, and the Cubs lost the game in extra innings, a defeat that seemingly deflated the team, as they proceeded to drop 6 of their last 8 games as the Astros won the Wild Card.


Premise: What is the official name of the curricula that promotes nutritional education in schools?

Hypothesis: In England and Wales, the Personal and Social Education and Food Technology curricula include nutrition, stressing the importance of a balanced diet and teaching how to read nutrition labels on packaging.


Premise: How many people ride the Metrobus every day?

Hypothesis: As the microbuses were removed from its route, it was hoped that the Metrobús could reduce pollution and decrease transit time for passengers.


Premise: What was the source of the misinformation concerning damage to the city's boardwalk?

Hypothesis: The source of the misinformation was a widely circulated photograph of a damaged section of the Boardwalk that was slated for repairs, prior to the storm, and incorrect news reports at the time of the disaster.


Premise: How many people were executed by the People's Courts?

Hypothesis: People's Courts" were founded to try various monarchist politicians and journalists, and though many were imprisoned, none were executed.


Premise: On what date was Beyonce born?

Hypothesis: Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child, and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group Destiny's Child.


Premise: What term is used to refer to the majority of black people in Bermuda?

Hypothesis: The majority of blacks in Bermuda can be termed "Bermudian blacks", whose ancestry dates back centuries between the 17th century and the end of slavery in 1834, Bermuda's black population was self-sustaining, with its growth resulting largely from natural expansion.


Premise: When was the name Oklahoma made official?

Hypothesis: Oklahoma later became the de facto name for Oklahoma Territory, and it was officially approved in 1890, two years after the area was opened to white settlers.


Premise: What happens when a cold is treated with antibiotics?

Hypothesis: Inappropriate antibiotic treatment, for example, is their prescription to treat viral infections such as the common cold.


Premise: Why did San Diego lose its pueblo status in 1838?

Hypothesis: However, San Diego had been losing population throughout the 1830s and in 1838 the town lost its pueblo status because its size dropped to an estimated 100 to 150 residents.


Premise: Who made a secret agreement to remain neutral?

Hypothesis: About this time the Persians made a semi-secret agreement to remain neutral in exchange for the cancellation of the indemnity from the previous war.


Premise: What was the mid 1980s Queen boxed set called?

Hypothesis: The band, now revitalised by the response to Live Aid – a "shot in the arm" Roger Taylor called it, — and the ensuing increase in record sales, ended 1985 by releasing the single "One Vision", which was the third time after "Stone Cold Crazy" and "Under Pressure (with David Bowie)" that all four bandmembers received a writing credit for the one song.


Premise: What is Pazniak's occupation?

Hypothesis: The discovery of mass graves in Kurapaty outside Minsk by historian Zianon Pazniak, the Belarusian Popular Front’s first leader, gave additional momentum to the pro-democracy and pro-independence movement in Belarus.


Premise: Where does London rank in the world in terms of Metropolitan GDP?

Hypothesis: London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe, and a 2014 report placed it first in the world university rankings.


Premise: How many national parks does Hyderabad have?

Hypothesis: Organisations engaged in environmental and wildlife preservation include the Telangana Forest Department, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), the Animal Welfare Board of India, the Blue Cross of Hyderabad and the University of Hyderabad.


Premise: Is the procuticle thinner or thicker than the epicuticle?

Hypothesis: The insect outer skeleton, the cuticle, is made up of two layers: the epicuticle, which is a thin and waxy water resistant outer layer and contains no chitin, and a lower layer called the procuticle.


Premise: What was Jesus a ransom sacrifice to pay for?

Hypothesis: Jesus served as a redeemer and a ransom sacrifice to pay for the sins of humanity.


Premise: What happened between 1938 to 1995?

Hypothesis: From 1938 until 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court did not invalidate any federal statute as exceeding Congress' power under the Commerce Clause.


Premise: Who was defeated by Henry Vll at the battle of Bosworth?

Hypothesis: Many major events caused Europe to change around the start of the 16th century, starting with the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, the fall of Muslim Spain and the discovery of the Americas in 1492, and Martin Luther's Protestant Reformation in 1517.


Premise: The technology sector of work in NYC has how many employees in its service?

Hypothesis: As of 2014, New York City hosted 300,000 employees in the tech sector.


Premise: In what country did the revolutions begin?

Hypothesis: The European Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution, were a series of political upheavals throughout the European continent.


Premise: What narrative technique does Lee use to combine the adult's perspective with the child's observations??

Hypothesis: This narrative method allows Lee to tell a "delightfully deceptive" story that mixes the simplicity of childhood observation with adult situations complicated by hidden motivations and unquestioned tradition.


Premise: Which month and year did GQ feature Beyonce on its cover?

Hypothesis: In January 2013, GQ placed her on its cover, featuring her atop its "100 Sexiest Women of the 21st Century" list.


Premise: From the '50s to the '80s, was the field's focus devoted to describing patterns of behavior or explaining them?

Hypothesis: He believed that adolescence was a representation of our human ancestors' phylogenetic shift from being primitive to being civilized.


Premise: Who were the leaders of the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties?

Hypothesis: the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party, which were championed by Framers Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, respectively.


Premise: Where did the torch start in Instanbul?

Hypothesis: Several protesters who tried to disrupt the relay were promptly arrested by the police.


Premise: Other than Florida, which other state got send error coins?

Hypothesis: As most vending machines are incapable of making change in banknotes, they commonly accept only $1 bills, though a few will give change in dollar coins.


Premise: How many corps was the UK's Anti-Aircraft Command?

Hypothesis: At its peak in 1941–42 it comprised three AA corps with 12 AA divisions between them.


Premise: What are the FBI and ICE-HSI both members of?

Hypothesis: ICE-HSI and the FBI are both integral members of the Joint Terrorism Task Force.


Premise: Which state is the largest in the country by land?

Hypothesis: The state of Chihuahua is the largest state in the country and is known as El Estado Grande (The Big State); it accounts for 12.6% of the land of Mexico.


Premise: The Suns' exhibition game in Indian Wells, CA is the only time an NBA game is played in what setting?

Hypothesis: National Basketball Association teams play eight preseason games per year.


Premise: For whom was the garden Elizabeth opened a memorial?

Hypothesis: During her visit to New York, which followed a tour of Canada, she officially opened a memorial garden for the British victims of the September 11 attacks.


Premise: What was inflicting heavy losses and increasing the air war designed to do?

Hypothesis: However, meteorological conditions over Britain were not favourable for flying and prevented an escalation in air operations.


Premise: What was used to power chain pumps to raise water to irrigation ditches?

Hypothesis: As mentioned by Huan Tan in about 20 AD, they were used to turn gears that lifted iron trip hammers, and were used in pounding, threshing and polishing grain.


Premise: When was the mosaic floor constructed?

Hypothesis: Its mosaic floor depicts King David as Orpheus, identified by his name in Hebrew letters.


Premise: Who did not approve of the first name for Neptune?

Hypothesis: In October, he sought to name the planet Le Verrier, after himself, and he had loyal support in this from the observatory director, François Arago.


Premise: What eventually happened to the rebels?

Hypothesis: A peace deal between warring parties was reached in 1995, leading to Taylor's election as president in 1997.


Premise: Who was the ruling monarchy when Taungoo, was vassal?

Hypothesis: Taungoo's young, ambitious king Tabinshwehti defeated the more powerful Hanthawaddy in the Toungoo–Hanthawaddy War (1534–41).


Premise: Which English band also composed a song for the film?

Hypothesis: It became the first Bond theme to reach number one in the UK Singles Chart.


Premise: In which battle was Hannibal clearly defeated at?

Hypothesis: Hannibal was recalled to Africa, and defeated at the Battle of Zama.


Premise: there is a large degree of what amongst all orthodox jews?

Hypothesis: For guidance in practical application of Jewish law, the majority of Orthodox Jews appeal to the Shulchan Aruch ("Code of Jewish Law" composed in the 16th century by Rabbi Joseph Caro) together with its surrounding commentaries.


Premise: What 3 types of philosophies attempt to correct the problem with matter and energy without removing every belief about materialism?

Hypothesis: Emergence, holism, and process philosophy seek to ameliorate the perceived shortcomings of traditional (especially mechanistic) materialism without abandoning materialism entirely.


Premise: How would Prussia's outcome affect Austria in the long run?

Hypothesis: More significantly, its military performance proved far better than during the War of the Austrian Succession and seemed to vindicate Maria Theresa's administrative and military reforms.


Premise: How many games did Jeff Foley play in?

Hypothesis: An Average Guy Plays in the Arena Football League and Lives


Premise: Who was the leader of French forces in this period?

Hypothesis: His first struggles, however, were with Allied leaders and officers on matters vital to the success of the Normandy invasion; he argued with Roosevelt over an essential agreement with De Gaulle to use French resistance forces in covert and sabotage operations against the Germans in advance of Overlord.


Premise: Which ingredient gives beer its flavor?

Hypothesis: The amount of each starch source in a beer recipe is collectively called the grain bill.


Premise: Which rooms are used for less formal entertaining such as luncheons or private audiences?

Hypothesis: Opening from the Marble Hall, these rooms are used for less formal entertaining, such as luncheon parties and private audiences.


Premise: How many jobs are in the tertiary secotr?

Hypothesis: The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 109,358.


Premise: Which place hosts racetracks and is a casino?

Hypothesis: Oklahoma City also has a combination racetrack and casino open year-round, Remington Park, which hosts both Quarter horse (March – June) and Thoroughbred (August – December) seasons.


Premise: How many parishes?

Hypothesis: It is estimated that Galicia has over a million named places, over 40,000 of them being communities.


Premise: Where did the tribes that were almost annihilated in the Battle of Vercellae hail from?

Hypothesis: At the Battle of Aquae Sextiae and the Battle of Vercellae both tribes were virtually annihilated, which ended the threat.


Premise: Who was the founder of Philadelphia sports corporation Spectator?

Hypothesis: Over a number of years, Comcast became majority owner of Comcast SportsNet, as well as Golf Channel and NBCSN (formerly the Outdoor Life Network, then Versus).


Premise: What department located at the West Campus provides IT services?

Hypothesis: The West Campus is also home to the Center for the Application of Information Technologies (CAIT), which provides IT training services.


Premise: In the later Abbasid era, what branch of Islam did Iran adhere to?

Hypothesis: The books written later in the Abbasid period in Iran are more anti Umayyad.


Premise: What clan was given the privileged of enoblement?

Hypothesis: Most often the individual being ennobled would join an existing noble szlachta clan and assume the undifferentiated coat of arms of that clan.


Premise: What is the main crop of the delta of the Irrawaddy section of Burma?

Hypothesis: Humanitarian aid was requested but concerns about foreign military or intelligence presence in the country delayed the entry of United States military planes delivering medicine, food, and other supplies.


Premise: What year were bushranger films banned by Victorian politicians?

Hypothesis: Melbourne filmmakers continued to produce bushranger films until they were banned by Victorian politicians in 1912 for the perceived promotion of crime, thus contributing to the decline of one of the silent film era's most productive industries.


Premise: How many presidents, excluding interrims, has Northwestern had?

Hypothesis: The president has a staff of vice presidents, directors, and other assistants for administrative, financial, faculty, and student matters.


Premise: What was the fault not considered in the early theories of day length?

Hypothesis: However, this research was faulty because it failed to shield the participants from artificial light.


Premise: By 2005-06 public expenditure had risen to what?

Hypothesis: The contribution of UK budgetary aid to total SHG government expenditure rose from £4.6 million in to £6.4 million to £12.1 million over the same period.


Premise: What describes meditative states exising before the Buddha?

Hypothesis: They describe meditative practices and states that existed before the Buddha as well as those first developed within Buddhism.


Premise: What type of climate does Nanjing enjoy?

Hypothesis: Along with Chongqing and Wuhan, Nanjing is traditionally referred to as one of the "Three Furnacelike Cities" along the Yangtze River (长江流域三大火炉) for the perennially high temperatures in the summertime.


Premise: On what ship did German ambassadors arrive in the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: On October 13, 1885, SMS Nautilus under Captain Rötger brought German emissaries to Jaluit.


Premise: What is the states largest railway?

Hypothesis: Today, the BNSF Railway is the state's largest railroad, its main transcontinental route incorporating the former Great Northern main line across the state.


Premise: What musical family does the mandolin come from?

Hypothesis: It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.


Premise: Who are some well-known Punjab poets?

Hypothesis: Among the Punjabi poets, the names of Sultan Bahu, Bulleh Shah, Mian Muhammad Baksh, and Waris Shah and folk singers like Inayat Hussain Bhatti and Tufail Niazi, Alam Lohar, Sain Marna, Mansoor Malangi, Allah Ditta Lona wala, Talib Hussain Dard, Attaullah Khan Essa Khailwi, Gamoo Tahliwala, Mamzoo Gha-lla, Akbar Jat, Arif Lohar, Ahmad Nawaz Cheena and Hamid Ali Bela are well-known.


Premise: Who said many African Americans have NAtive American heritage?

Hypothesis: The TV series on African-American ancestry, hosted by the scholar Henry Louis Gates, Jr., had genetics scholars who discussed in detail the variety of ancestries among African Americans.


Premise: Who developed chain termination DNA sequencing in 1977?

Hypothesis: The subsequent development of chain-termination DNA sequencing in 1977 by Frederick Sanger improved the efficiency of sequencing and turned it into a routine laboratory tool.


Premise: How many people died over the course of four days?

Hypothesis: From 22 March through 26 March 1991, mass pro-democracy rallies and a nationwide strike was held in both urban and rural communities, which became known as les evenements ("the events") or the March Revolution.


Premise: What does a uranium(VI) cation form when it binds to two terminal oxides and three or more carbonates?

Hypothesis: The interactions of carbonate anions with uranium(VI) cause the Pourbaix diagram to change greatly when the medium is changed from water to a carbonate containing solution.


Premise: When was the Mongol-Tibetan alliance started?

Hypothesis: The Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620) made attempts to reestablish Sino-Tibetan relations after the Mongol-Tibetan alliance initiated in 1578, which affected the foreign policy of the subsequent Qing dynasty (1644–1912) of China in their support for the Dalai Lama of the Gelug school.


Premise: How many Finnish people lost their homes?

Hypothesis: After the Baltic states were forced to accept treaties, Stalin turned his sights on Finland, confident that Finnish capitulation could be attained without great effort.


Premise: What is the earliest known angiosperm?

Hypothesis: The earliest known macrofossil confidently identified as an angiosperm, Archaefructus liaoningensis, is dated to about 125 million years BP (the Cretaceous period), whereas pollen considered to be of angiosperm origin takes the fossil record back to about 130 million years BP.


Premise: What genre was 'LA 2017'?

Hypothesis: After this, and an episode of Marcus Welby, M.D., Spielberg got his first feature-length assignment: an episode of The Name of the Game called "L.A. 2017".


Premise: Who partially funds Politics and Policy?

Hypothesis: Politics & Policy was founded at Northwestern and is dedicated to the analysis of current events and public policy.


Premise: What would be required for the human body to potentially have a chance to create a complete protein source?

Hypothesis: It is possible with protein combinations of two incomplete protein sources (e.g., rice and beans) to make a complete protein source, and characteristic combinations are the basis of distinct cultural cooking traditions.


Premise: Which monarch required landlords to post a sign if they wanted to sell ale?

Hypothesis: " This was to make alehouses easily visible to passing inspectors, borough ale tasters, who would decide the quality of the ale they provided.


Premise: Due to this, the overall traffic planning tend to assure landing queues are avoided.

Hypothesis: And due to the so-called SLOT-times, the overall traffic planning tend to assure landing queues are avoided.


Premise: What forced resettlement throughout Tajikistan?

Hypothesis: In 1924, the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created as a part of Uzbekistan, but in 1929 the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik SSR) was made a separate constituent republic, however the predominantly ethnic Tajik cities of Samarkand and Bukhara remained in the Uzbek SSR.


Premise: Who created the Ming Dynasty?

Hypothesis: Zhu Yuanzhang then established the Ming dynasty, ruling as the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398).


Premise: What area uses traditional Chinese characters?

Hypothesis: The Chinese Standard Interchange Code (CNS11643)—the official national encoding standard—supports 48,027 characters, while the most widely used encoding scheme, BIG-5, supports only 13,053.


Premise: Some of the free people of color migrated from what state during the 18th century?

Hypothesis: Most were descended from free African Americans who had migrated along with neighbors from Virginia during the 18th century.


Premise: Whose recording of Hallelujah became successful again after being performed on American Idol?

Hypothesis: Jason Castro's semi-final performance of "Hallelujah" also received considerable attention, and it propelled Jeff Buckley's version of the song to the top of the Billboard digital song chart.


Premise: When did the United States Navy test a railgun?

Hypothesis: Currently tests are underway on developing systems that could create as much damage as a Tomahawk (missile), but at a fraction of the cost.


Premise: What appointment did Eisenhower receive on June 23, 1942?

Hypothesis: He was promoted to lieutenant general on July 7.


Premise: In what year did Southampton Container Terminals open?

Hypothesis: In 1938, Southampton docks also became home to the flying boats of Imperial Airways.


Premise: What fraction of land was under cultivation using the two-field system?

Hypothesis: Horses are faster than oxen and require less pasture, factors that aided the implementation of the three-field system.


Premise: Which Queen members were appearing on American Idol in the late 2000s?

Hypothesis: Queen expressed disappointment at the cancellation and released a statement to the effect that they were looking to find another venue.


Premise: The Footlight Players  started creating theatrical productions in what year?

Hypothesis: The annual Charleston Fashion Week held each spring in Marion Square brings in designers, journalists, and clients from across the nation.


Premise: Who wrote 'The Color Purple'?

Hypothesis: In 1985, Spielberg released The Color Purple, an adaptation of Alice Walker's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name, about a generation of empowered African-American women during depression-era America.


Premise: Which section of Eat 58th Street features high end interior design and decoration establishments?

Hypothesis: A section of East 58th Street 40°45′40.3″N 73°57′56.9″W / 40.761194°N 73.965806°


Premise: What do you call paying government officials to use their position in their office?

Hypothesis: In the context of political corruption, a bribe may involve a payment given to a government official in exchange of his use of official powers.


Premise: What increased society's autonomy, self-awareness, and need for exchange of information?

Hypothesis: Capitalism also increased society's autonomy and self-awareness, and an increasing need for the exchange of information.


Premise: What was the population of the state in 2015?

Hypothesis: The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Montana was 1,032,949 on July 1, 2015, a 4.40% increase since the 2010 United States Census.


Premise: Because word order is flexible in Czech, what does it tend to actually be used for?

Hypothesis: In practice, however, word order is flexible and used for topicalization and focus.


Premise: What permission allowed trade between Japan and Indo-China?

Hypothesis: Also in common with Adam's, Joostens was given a Red Seal Ship (朱印船) allowing him to trade between Japan and Indo-China.


Premise: How many planes did Nagumo have for the Midway invasion?

Hypothesis: Nagumo was again in tactical command but was focused on the invasion of Midway; Yamamoto's complex plan had no provision for intervention by Nimitz before the Japanese expected him.


Premise: Where was Calvin criticized?

Hypothesis: Puritans adopted a Reformed theology, but they also took note of radical criticisms of Zwingli in Zurich and Calvin in Geneva.


Premise: What are labs trying to produce hydrogen from?

Hypothesis: A number of laboratories (including in France, Germany, Greece, Japan, and the USA) are developing thermochemical methods to produce hydrogen from solar energy and water.


Premise: In what century did the Caliphate conquer North Africa?

Hypothesis: It covered much of Western Europe, but later succumbed to the pressures of internal civil wars combined with external invasions—Vikings from the north, Magyars from the east, and Saracens from the south.


Premise: What was the goal of Cobb's second book on economics?

Hypothesis: A Christian Perspective on the Global Economy (1994), which aimed to challenge "economists' zealous faith in the great god of growth."


Premise: How many members are in the Knesset?

Hypothesis: Membership of the Knesset is based on proportional representation of political parties, with a 3.25% electoral threshold, which in practice has resulted in coalition governments.


Premise: Who is a notable exponent of pluralistic idealism?

Hypothesis: Unlike absolute idealism, pluralistic idealism does not assume the existence of a single ultimate mental reality or "Absolute".


Premise: How many people visit Faneuil Hall annually?

Hypothesis: Upon American independence from Great Britain, the city continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub, as well as a center for education and culture.


Premise: What song did Beyoncé release as the lead single from The Fighting Tempations?

Hypothesis: In 2003, Beyoncé starred opposite Cuba Gooding, Jr., in the musical comedy The Fighting Temptations as Lilly, a single mother whom Gooding's character falls in love with.


Premise: What form of Buddhism has declined to the point where few are capable of following the path?

Hypothesis: Pure Land Buddhism holds that it has declined to the point where few are capable of following the path, so it may be best to rely on the power of Amitābha.


Premise: What was the value of mortgage lending made by Community Reinvestment Act covered lenders to low and mid level income borrowers and neighborhoods from 1993-1998?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, most sub-prime loans were not made to the LMI borrowers targeted by the CRA, especially in the years 2005–2006 leading up to the crisis.


Premise: What was the plane named that crashed into the World Trade Center?

Hypothesis: The World Trade Center PATH station, which opened on July 19, 1909 as the Hudson Terminal, was also destroyed in the attack.


Premise: What is the accusative used for?

Hypothesis: The direct object of the verb appears either in the accusative (for total objects) or in the partitive (for partial objects).


Premise: What year did Chopin become a citizen of France?

Hypothesis: After a failed engagement to Maria Wodzińska, from 1837 to 1847 he maintained an often troubled relationship with the French writer George Sand.


Premise: Who said the term 'intellectual property' "operates as a catch-all"?

Hypothesis: Free Software Foundation founder Richard Stallman argues that, although the term intellectual property is in wide use, it should be rejected altogether, because it "systematically distorts and confuses these issues, and its use was and is promoted by those who gain from this confusion".


Premise: What drugs were used for off-label uses?

Hypothesis: The settlement is related to the company's illegal promotion of prescription drugs, its failure to report safety data, bribing doctors, and promoting medicines for uses for which they were not licensed.


Premise: When had the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church been broken up by the Soviets?

Hypothesis: On January 23, 1990, the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church held its first synod since its liquidation by the Soviets in 1946 (an act which the gathering declared invalid).


Premise: Who introduced Nasser and his wife?

Hypothesis: In 1944, Nasser married Tahia Kazem, the 22-year-old daughter of a wealthy Iranian father and an Egyptian mother, both of whom died when she was young.


Premise: In what year did Bob Graham become Governor of Florida?

Hypothesis: And during his two terms (1979–1987) as Florida's Governor, Bob Graham, although a strong death penalty supporter who had overseen the first post-Furman involuntary execution as well as 15 others, agreed to commute the sentences of six people on the grounds of "possible innocence" or "disproportionality."


Premise: What is the current area of Mexico City?

Hypothesis: In 1854 president Antonio López de Santa Anna enlarged the area of the Federal District almost eightfold from the original 220 to 1,700 km2 (80 to 660 sq mi), annexing the rural and mountainous areas to secure the strategic mountain passes to the south and southwest to protect the city in event of a foreign invasion.


Premise: What type of theology did Puritans accept?

Hypothesis: In church polity, some advocated for separation from all other Christians, in favor of autonomous gathered churches.


Premise: Into what body of water does the Hudson River terminate?

Hypothesis: The Hudson River flows through the Hudson Valley into New York Bay.


Premise: Why is the term saturation named as such?

Hypothesis: When saturated, the switch is said to be on.


Premise: On what day did the final coroner's report show that Donda died from heart disease and complications from surgery?

Hypothesis: The final coroner's report January 10, 2008, concluded that Donda West died of "coronary artery disease and multiple post-operative factors due to or as a consequence of liposuction and mammoplasty".


Premise: Min and Hakka dialects are found where?

Hypothesis: It is closely related to the Teochew, though mutual comprehension is difficult, and is somewhat more distantly related to Hainanese.


Premise: Who was Saint George believed to be?

Hypothesis: According to Christian tradition, Saint George was a Roman soldier who was a member of the guards of the Emperor Diocletian, who refused to renounce his Christian faith and was martyred.


Premise: What contributed to the long standing traditions?

Hypothesis: The election privilege was usually limited to elites.


Premise: Where was Nanak born?

Hypothesis: Several important Sikh shrines are in the province, including the birthplace of the first Guru, Guru Nanak.


Premise: How else can they serve the U.S.?

Hypothesis: Puerto Ricans may enlist in the U.S. military.


Premise: What was the GDP of the state as of 2011?

Hypothesis: As of 2011[update], the state had an estimated 396 billion pesos (31.1 billion dollars) of annual GDP.


Premise: What year did the boards chairman become the Chief Executive officer of public schools?

Hypothesis: The North Carolina Superintendent of Public Instruction is the secretary of the North Carolina State Board of Education, but the board, rather than the superintendent, holds most of the legal authority for making public education policy.


Premise: What is the former Cameroon pavilion?

Hypothesis: It hosts several different schools of Buddhism, and does not have a single leader.


Premise: When did the Jaluit Gesellschaft's administration of the islands end?

Hypothesis: After the German–Spanish Treaty of 1899, in which Germany acquired the Carolines, Palau, and the Marianas from Spain, Germany placed all of its Micronesian islands, including the Marshalls, under the governor of German New Guinea.


Premise: Houston Public Radio us comprised of how many stations?

Hypothesis: The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area is served by one public television station and two public radio stations.


Premise: Which abbreviation can you append to your name after becoming Lighting Certified?

Hypothesis: Individuals who pass this exam become ‘Lighting Certified’ and may append the abbreviation LC to their name.


Premise: Which platform did Apple choose to use?

Hypothesis: Apple's product design and engineering didn't help matters as they restricted the use of the '040 to their expensive Quadras for a time while the 486 was readily available to OEMs as well as enthusiasts who put together their own machines.


Premise: What does the word botany mean?

Hypothesis: Botany, also called plant science(s) or plant biology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology.


Premise: Along with the period 6:30 pm–9:30 pm, what opening hours were acceptable under the Defence of the Realm Act?

Hypothesis: Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and closing time was equally firmly enforced by the police; a landlord might lose his licence for infractions.


Premise: What kind of governmental boundary does dialect distribution transcend, reflecting medieval divisions?

Hypothesis: Dialect borders of these dialects do not correspond to present political boundaries, but reflect older, medieval divisions.


Premise: Which arrangement was used for Cook's version of Billie Jean?

Hypothesis: David Cook's performance of "Billie Jean" on top-ten night was lauded by the judges, but provoked controversy when they apparently mistook the Chris Cornell arrangement to be David Cook's own even though the performance was introduced as Cornell's version.


Premise: Who was the US Secretary of State in 2001?

Hypothesis: In 2006, Musharraf testified that this stance was pressured by threats from the U.S., and revealed in his memoirs that he had "war-gamed" the United States as an adversary and decided that it would end in a loss for Pakistan.


Premise: Who began studying the rock formations of the Alps

Hypothesis: In the mid-19th century the now defunct theory of geosynclines was used to explain the presence of "folded" mountain chains but by the mid-20th century the theory of plate tectonics became widely accepted.


Premise: Who helped build infrastructure around the lake?

Hypothesis: A major labor draft, the desagüe, compelled thousands of Indians over the colonial period to work on infrastructure to prevent flooding.


Premise: When did rituals become similar between different Masonic Lodges?

Hypothesis: It is reputed to be the oldest Masonic Lodge in the world.


Premise: How many lichen forming fungi have been recorded on the island?

Hypothesis: St Helena's biodiversity, however, also includes marine vertebrates, invertebrates (freshwater, terrestrial and marine), fungi (including lichen-forming species), non-vascular plants, seaweeds and other biological groups.


Premise: What era was Chopin active during?

Hypothesis: " Chopin was born in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw, and grew up in Warsaw, which after 1815 became part of Congress Poland.


Premise: Who temporarily replaced Larry Lamb?

Hypothesis: An extensive advertising campaign on the ITV network in this period, voiced by actor Christopher Timothy, may have helped The Sun to overtake the Daily Mirror's circulation in 1978.


Premise: On what day was Alaska officially named a state?

Hypothesis: Alaska was officially proclaimed a state on January 3, 1959.


Premise: When did Britain transfer Hong Kong to China?

Hypothesis: Fourteen overseas territories remain under British sovereignty.


Premise: What aspect of buildings became very rare?

Hypothesis: The roof was typically invisible from the ground, though domes were sometimes visible in grander buildings.


Premise: Artist of the Decade was bestowed upon Beyonce from which magazine?

Hypothesis: When The Guardian named her Artist of the Decade, Llewyn-Smith wrote, "Why Beyoncé?


Premise: What is Neptune's clouds competition variants dependent on?

Hypothesis: Models suggest that Neptune's troposphere is banded by clouds of varying compositions depending on altitude.


Premise: Where does the Saskatchewan River empty into?

Hypothesis: It causes the Waterton River, Belly, and Saint Mary rivers to flow north into Alberta, Canada.


Premise: Who led the party to first climb Mount Erebus?

Hypothesis: Douglas Mawson, who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return, went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in 1931.


Premise: In what century did Saxons and Normans separate?

Hypothesis: Their separate status dates back to the 12th century when the Normans split them off from the mixed secular/religious county and local courts used by the Saxons.


Premise: What type of Buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth?

Hypothesis: Laypersons can perform good actions, producing merit.


Premise: How many songs has Kanye had that have exceeded 3 million digital sales?

Hypothesis: He has sold over 30 million digital songs in the United States making him one of the best-selling digital artists of all-time.


Premise: When is the Houston Pride Parade held?

Hypothesis: Another large celebration is the annual night-time Houston Pride Parade, held at the end of June.


Premise: Who had their final season in the show in season nine?

Hypothesis: Many figures from the show's past, including Paula Abdul, made an appearance.


Premise: What is percentage of Puerto Ricans in Florida

Hypothesis: Florida's Hispanic population includes large communities of Cuban Americans in Miami and Tampa, Puerto Ricans in Orlando and Tampa, and Mexican/Central American migrant workers.


Premise: What was one retailer that were going to sell Dell PCs?

Hypothesis: In 1993, to complement its own direct sales channel, Dell planned to sell PCs at big-box retail outlets such as Wal-Mart, which would have brought in an additional $125 million in annual revenue.


Premise: Aside from Walpole, who else denied that there was no such thing as the prime minister?

Hypothesis: George II and George III made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch, but the increasing complexity and expense of government meant that a minister who could command the loyalty of the Commons was increasingly necessary.


Premise: The inability to compete with multinational firms led to what for workers?

Hypothesis: After the Reform and Opening recovering market economy, the state-owned enterprises found themselves incapable of competing with efficient multinational firms and local private firms, hence were either mired in heavy debt or forced into bankruptcy or privatization and this resulted in large numbers of layoff workers who were technically not unemployed but effectively jobless.


Premise: What part of the Swaziland parliament is appointed by the King?

Hypothesis: The king appoints the prime minister from the legislature and also appoints a minority of legislators to both chambers of the Libandla (parliament) with help from an advisory council.


Premise: What role did Montini fill for Pius XII?

Hypothesis: In the afternoon he moved to the third floor into the Office of the Private Secretary of the Pontiff.


Premise: What is the population of the smallest canton?

Hypothesis: However, there are considerable differences between the individual cantons, most particularly in terms of population and geographical area.


Premise: Who wrote the novel To Kill a Mockingbird?

Hypothesis: The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old.


Premise: Keyboard music became popular during what era?

Hypothesis: Opera as a staged musical drama began to differentiate itself from earlier musical and dramatic forms, and vocal forms like the cantata and oratorio became more common.


Premise: How many months are in the Shamsi Hijri calendar?

Hypothesis: The Solar Hijri calendar, also called the Shamsi Hijri calendar, and abbreviated as SH, is the official calendar of Iran and Afghanistan.


Premise: What are steamed dumplings called?

Hypothesis: This is either rolled into noodles or made into steamed dumplings called momos.


Premise: Who started producing comic strips and theories about them in 1827?

Hypothesis: The francophone Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer produced comic strips beginning in 1827, and published theories behind the form.


Premise: The Fujiwara and other noble families became richer during which century?

Hypothesis: Central control of Japan had continued to decline, and the Fujiwara, along with other great families and religious foundations, acquired ever larger shōen and greater wealth during the early tenth century.


Premise: In what geographic part of Somalia were important paleolithic stone tools found?

Hypothesis: The oldest evidence of burial customs in the Horn of Africa comes from cemeteries in Somalia dating back to 4th millennium BC.


Premise: What types of rocks sometimes contain uranium?

Hypothesis: Uranium is found in hundreds of minerals, including uraninite (the most common uranium ore), carnotite, autunite, uranophane, torbernite, and coffinite.


Premise: What future pope was made a cardinal by Paul VI on June 26, 1967?

Hypothesis: His immediate successor, Albino Luciani, who took the name John Paul I, was created a cardinal in the consistory of 5 March 1973.


Premise: Cyberabad contains a national park, what is it?

Hypothesis: The "Cyberabad" area in the southwest and west of the city has grown rapidly since the 1990s.


Premise: What did Eisenhower reduce as he increased nuclear weapons stockpiles?

Hypothesis: The U.N. speech was well received but the Soviets never acted upon it, due to an overarching concern for the greater stockpiles of nuclear weapons in the U.S. arsenal.


Premise: What battle did Napoleon fight against the Mamluks?

Hypothesis: This helped the French practice their defensive tactic for the Battle of the Pyramids, fought on 21 July, about 24 km (15 mi) from the pyramids.


Premise: What displaced this style of lamp?

Hypothesis: Developed around 1915, these lamps were displaced by mercury and xenon arc lamps.


Premise: By which path did Portugal discover a route to India?

Hypothesis: During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde, explored the African coast, colonized selected areas of Africa, discovered an eastern route to India via the Cape of Good Hope, discovered Brazil, explored the Indian Ocean, established trading routes throughout most of southern Asia, and sent the first direct European maritime trade and diplomatic missions to China and Japan.


Premise: Why were the controllers hard-wired to the console with no connectors?

Hypothesis: Ultimately though, they did install a 15-pin expansion port on the front of the console so that an arcade-style joystick could be used optionally.


Premise: Along with soft rock, what type of music made up mainstream rock music in the late 1960s?

Hypothesis: From the end of the 1960s, it became common to divide mainstream rock music into soft and hard rock, with both emerging as major radio formats in the US.


Premise: What did the Rule of St. Augustine believe in?

Hypothesis: The Rule of St. Augustine was an obvious choice for the Dominican Order, according to Dominic's successor, Jordan of Saxony, because it lent itself to the "salvation of souls through preaching".


Premise: What were Indians categorized as after they were included as others?

Hypothesis: Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or "other.


Premise: What neighborhoods does Southeast Raleigh have?

Hypothesis: Southeast Raleigh is bounded by downtown on the west, Garner on the southwest, and rural Wake County to the southeast.


Premise: How did The Sun feel about the American bombing of Libya in 1986?

Hypothesis: The Sun strongly supported the April 1986 bombing of Libya by the US, which was launched from British bases.


Premise: In what year was the seismometer first invented?

Hypothesis: The armillary sphere, a three-dimensional representation of the movements in the celestial sphere, was invented in Han China by the 1st century BC.


Premise: What was triggered by the radio broadcast of the deaths?

Hypothesis: These deaths, announced on state radio, led to the Sumgait Pogrom.


Premise: Many texts had explicit instructive purposes as Naturalists catered to polite society's desire for what?

Hypothesis: Naturalists catered to polite society's desire for erudition – many texts had an explicit instructive purpose.


Premise: Where does the Bayou City Art Festival rank in U.S. art festivals?

Hypothesis: Many annual events celebrate the diverse cultures of Houston.


Premise: Which view of evolution emphasizing large changes in organisms' phenotypes does Popper oppose to his own?

Hypothesis: Popper contrasts his views with the notion of the "hopeful monster" that has large phenotype mutations and calls it the "hopeful behavioural monster".


Premise: Who tells us that the Sclaveni had swamps and forests for their cities?

Hypothesis: Another 6th-century source refers to them living among nearly impenetrable forests, rivers, lakes, and marshes.


Premise: Where would legionaries in the Roman army likely to be sourced from?

Hypothesis: The heavy infantry legionaries were drawn from citizen stock, while non-citizens came to dominate the ranks of the light infantry.


Premise: What did their findings show?

Hypothesis: Their findings show a variety of reasons why many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake.


Premise: What wind speed will the torch flame still stay lit in MPH?

Hypothesis: The torch is designed to remain lit in 65 kilometre per hour (37 mile per hour) winds, and in rain of up to 50 millimetres (2 inches) per hour.


Premise: In what techniques would a DJ require a vinyl record?

Hypothesis: This is because for disc jockeys ("DJs"), vinyl has an advantage over the CD: direct manipulation of the medium.


Premise: What is the largest denomination church in Vanuatu?

Hypothesis: The Presbyterian Church in Vanuatu is the largest denomination in the country, with approximately one-third of the population of Vanuatu members of the church.


Premise: Why is zinc oxide useful in photocopying products?

Hypothesis: The semiconductor properties of zinc oxide make it useful in varistors and photocopying products.


Premise: In what year was Queen's first album released?

Hypothesis: In July 1973, Queen finally under a Trident/EMI deal released their eponymous debut album, an effort influenced by the heavy metal and progressive rock of the day.


Premise: "Scythia beyond the Himalayas" is located where?

Hypothesis: In the north is "Scythia this side of the Himalayas" and "Scythia beyond the Himalayas."


Premise: What is the second busiest airport in Australia?

Hypothesis: Melbourne is also home to Australia's most extensive freeway network and has the world's largest urban tram network.


Premise: How many people work for RIBA Enterprises?

Hypothesis: RIBA Enterprises is the commercial arm of RIBA, with a registered office in Newcastle upon Tyne, a base at 15 Bonhill Street in London, and an office in Newark.


Premise: Which which kingdoms did the taifas establish diplomatic relations?

Hypothesis: The governors of the taifas each proclaimed themselves Emir of their provinces and established diplomatic relations with the Christian kingdoms of the north.


Premise: How old was the young boy's remains?

Hypothesis: "We estimate that 14 to 38 percent of Native American ancestry may originate through gene flow from this ancient population," the authors wrote.


Premise: What Holy Roman Emperor expedited the growth of Bohemia in the 14th century?

Hypothesis: This growth was expedited during the fourteenth century by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV, who founded Charles University in Prague in 1348.


Premise: How long is the typical punishment for being tardy?

Hypothesis: Conversely, should a master be more than 15 minutes late for a class, traditionally the pupils might claim it as a "run" and absent themselves for the rest of its duration.


Premise: What is the name of Greece's top domestic basketball league?

Hypothesis: The Greek national basketball team has a decades-long tradition of excellence in the sport, being considered among the world's top basketball powers.


Premise: Ascension Island, Tristan da Cunha and Saint Helena all issue their own what?

Hypothesis: Ascension Island, Tristan da Cunha and Saint Helena all issue their own postage stamps which provide a significant income.


Premise: How many goals did Laszlo Kubala score in 256 matches?

Hypothesis: Back-to-back La Liga titles in 1948 and 1949 and the signing of László Kubala in June 1950, who would later go on to score 196 goals in 256 matches, drew larger crowds to the games.


Premise: What do monetary savings in crops from the use of pesticide amount to?

Hypothesis: In general, farmers benefit from having an increase in crop yield and from being able to grow a variety of crops throughout the year.


Premise: For what reason is Plymouth Sound a Site of Special Scientific Interest?

Hypothesis: Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs is a Site of Special Scientific Interest, because of its geology.


Premise: What year did the Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge open?

Hypothesis: The Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge across the Cooper River opened on July 16, 2005, and was the second-longest cable-stayed bridge in the Americas at the time of its construction.[citation needed]


Premise: What date was the first official use of the term United Nations?

Hypothesis: This gave Wavell nominal control of a huge force, albeit thinly spread over an area from Burma to the Philippines to northern Australia.


Premise: How much of the Bronx speaks African languages at home?

Hypothesis: As of 2010, 46.29% (584,463) of Bronx residents aged five and older spoke Spanish at home, while 44.02% (555,767) spoke English, 2.48% (31,361) African languages, 0.91% (11,455) French, 0.90% (11,355) Italian, 0.87% (10,946) various Indic languages, 0.70% (8,836) other Indo-European languages, and Chinese was spoken at home by 0.50% (6,610) of the population over the age of five.


Premise: What were the January incidents called?

Hypothesis: Gorbachev resolved to regain control of Azerbaijan; the events that ensued are known as "Black January."


Premise: What percentage of Chinese Filipino are reportedly native Hokkien speakers?

Hypothesis: There are many Hokkien speakers among overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia as well as in the United States.


Premise: What sort of therapy might examine emotions based on components of facial expressions?

Hypothesis: Depending on the particular school's general emphasis on either cognitive components of emotion, physical energy discharging, or on symbolic movement and facial expression components of emotion, different schools of psychotherapy approach the regulation of emotion differently.


Premise: The difference in percentages of the levels of Eu 19 (R1a) chromosomes between Central and Eastern Europeans and the Ashkenazi population would indicate what?

Hypothesis: They hypothesized that the differences among Ashkenazim Jews could reflect low-level gene flow from surrounding European populations and/or genetic drift during isolation.


Premise: What is the object of study for linguistic anthropology?

Hypothesis: The study of kinship and social organization is a central focus of sociocultural anthropology, as kinship is a human universal.


Premise: Why did the oversea nominations discontinue?

Hypothesis: These overseas nominations have been discontinued in realms that have established their own Orders—such as the Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit—but members of the Order are still appointed in the British Overseas Territories.


Premise: When has anthropology developed related terms?

Hypothesis: Over its history, anthropology has developed a number of related concepts and terms, such as "descent", "descent groups", "lineages", "affines", "cognates", and even "fictive kinship".


Premise: What headdress does the Canadian Army wear?

Hypothesis: The Canadian Army wears the CG634 helmet.


Premise: What was the title of Pliny's work on magic?

Hypothesis: Pliny the Elder offers a thoroughly skeptical "History of magical arts" from their supposed Persian origins to Nero's vast and futile expenditure on research into magical practices in an attempt to control the gods.


Premise: Which US President oversaw the forced westward relocation of Cherokees beginning in 1838?

Hypothesis: —were uprooted from their homes between 1838 and 1839 and were forced by the U.S. military to march from "emigration depots" in Eastern Tennessee (such as Fort Cass) toward the more distant Indian Territory west of Arkansas.


Premise: Decoders are usually compared by examining which factor?

Hypothesis: Most decoders are "bitstream compliant", which means that the decompressed output that they produce from a given MP3 file will be the same, within a specified degree of rounding tolerance, as the output specified mathematically in the ISO/IEC high standard document (ISO/IEC 11172-3).


Premise: What kinds of adjustments would a governor make?

Hypothesis: The latter monitors engine speed by counting electrical pulses from the ignition system or from a magnetic pickup and, depending on the speed, makes small adjustments to the amount of current applied to the motor.


Premise: Basso continuo and complex tonal counterpoint characterize what type of music?

Hypothesis: Baroque music is characterized by the use of complex tonal counterpoint and the use of a basso continuo, a continuous bass line.


Premise: How many species are listed as threatened by BirdLife International and the IUCN?

Hypothesis: Though human activities have allowed the expansion of a few species, such as the barn swallow and European starling, they have caused population decreases or extinction in many other species.


Premise: Many insects are what to the environment?

Hypothesis: As insects gather nectar from different plants of the same species, they also spread pollen from plants on which they have previously fed.


Premise: What position did the poet who Chopin knew in Paris hold?

Hypothesis: Chopin was also acquainted with the poet Adam Mickiewicz, principal of the Polish Literary Society, some of whose verses he set as songs.


Premise: What do people with less than 60-65% of European descent usually cluster with?

Hypothesis: While assimilated Amerindians and people with very high quantities of Amerindian ancestry are usually grouped as caboclos, a subgroup of pardos which roughly translates as both mestizo and hillbilly, for those of lower quantity of Amerindian descent a higher European genetic contribution is expected to be grouped as a pardo.


Premise: What type of plant is depicted in the Armenian Mosaic?

Hypothesis: The most important is the so-called "Armenian Mosaic" which was discovered in 1894 on the Street of the Prophets near Damascus Gate.


Premise: Which continent was India colliding with in the Miocene?

Hypothesis: Subsequent uplift of mountains in the western Mediterranean region and a global fall in sea levels combined to cause a temporary drying up of the Mediterranean Sea resulting in the Messinian salinity crisis near the end of the Miocene.


Premise: What type of drugs reduced the risk of strokes and heart disease for people with high blood pressure?

Hypothesis: A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that thiazide antihypertensive drugs reduce the risk of death (RR 0.89), stroke


Premise: In 2011 rankings, how bad was Nigeria's corruption ranking?

Hypothesis: It was ranked 143 out of 182 countries in Transparency International's 2011 Corruption Perceptions Index; however, it improved to 136th position in 2014.