Premise: How many seats does the  All Progressives Congress have in the House?

Hypothesis: The major political parties at that time included the then ruling People's Democratic Party of Nigeria, which maintains 223 seats in the House and 76 in the Senate (61.9% and 69.7% respectively); the opposition formerly All Nigeria People's Party now


Premise: Beyond getting money, bribes are also used to cause what to others?

Hypothesis: In addition to their role in private financial gain, bribes are also used to intentionally and maliciously cause harm to another (i.e. no financial incentive).[citation needed]


Premise: What does an OTG device default to with no plug inserted?

Hypothesis: An OTG device with no plug inserted defaults to acting as a B-device.


Premise: What was the final number of performances in Avenue X's original run?

Hypothesis: A cappella has been used as the sole orchestration for original works of musical theater that have had commercial runs Off-Broadway (theaters in New York City with 99 to 500 seats) only four times.


Premise: At serfdom's greatest extent, what percentage of Western Europeans were serfs?

Hypothesis: The percentage of serfs amongst the peasantry declined from a high of 90 to closer to 50 per cent by the end of the period.


Premise: Does the loser of the cup gain anything?

Hypothesis: In the past, if the FA Cup winning team also qualified for the following season's Champions League or Europa League through their league position, then the losing FA Cup finalist was given the Europa League place instead.


Premise: What happened to the Jews during the crusades?

Hypothesis: By the Middle Ages, large numbers of Jews lived in the Holy Roman Empire and had assimilated into German culture, including many Jews who had previously assimilated into French culture and had spoken a mixed Judeo-French language.


Premise: How does Pascal Boyer believe that gods and other supernatural beings behave?

Hypothesis: Anthropologist Stewart Guthrie contends that people project human features onto non-human aspects of the world because it makes those aspects more familiar.


Premise: Who did the Oeselian pirates atack?

Hypothesis: Among the casualties of this raid was the Swedish archbishop Johannes.


Premise: What are the most common nonliving compositions in bacteria?

Hypothesis: Inclusions are considered to be nonliving components of the cell that do not possess metabolic activity and are not bounded by membranes.


Premise: What is a big factor on whether or not an offspring will spontaneously develop haemophilia?

Hypothesis: It is more likely that the mutation arose spontaneously because Victoria's father was over 50 at the time of her conception and haemophilia arises more frequently in the children of older fathers.


Premise: What guidelines for the Royal Institute are updated most often?

Hypothesis: Any revisions to the Charter or Byelaws require the Privy Council's approval.


Premise: In what years did Arsenal get into the FA Cup finals?

Hypothesis: With new signings like Malcolm Macdonald and Pat Jennings, and a crop of talent in the side such as Liam Brady and Frank Stapleton, the club enjoyed their best form since the 1971 double, reaching a trio of FA Cup finals (1978, 1979 and 1980), and losing the 1980 European Cup Winners' Cup Final on penalties.


Premise: What can also be provided by foreign aid?

Hypothesis: In fledgling democracies funding can also be provided by foreign aid.


Premise: What city is Dell's Florida facility in?

Hypothesis: Facilities located abroad include Penang, Malaysia; Xiamen, China; Bracknell, UK; Manila, Philippines Chennai, India; Hyderabad, India; Noida, India; Hortolandia and Porto Alegre, Brazil; Bratislava, Slovakia; Łódź, Poland; Panama City, Panama; Dublin and Limerick, Ireland; and Casablanca, Morocco.


Premise: Who oversaw the redecoration that used a Belle Époque cream and gold colour scheme?

Hypothesis: King Edward VII oversaw a partial redecoration in a Belle Époque cream and gold colour scheme.


Premise: What did McKerrow concede about his new copy-text method?

Hypothesis: But, fearing the arbitrary exercise of editorial judgment, McKerrow stated that, having concluded that a later edition had substantive revisions attributable to the author, "we must accept all the alterations of that edition, saving any which seem obvious blunders or misprints."


Premise: What has the U.S Department of Agriculture done to help watch for the snakes?

Hypothesis: Believed to be a stowaway on a U.S. military transport near the end of World War II, the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) was accidentally introduced to Guam, that previously had no native species of snake.


Premise: What do they call the bike paths in Mexico City?

Hypothesis: The city's initiative is inspired by forward thinking examples, such as Denmark's Copenhagenization.


Premise: What is the name of the empire for which Delhi served as the political and financial capital from 1649 to 1857?

Hypothesis: During the early 1900s, a proposal was made to the British administration to shift the capital of the British Indian Empire (as it was officially called) from Calcutta to Delhi.


Premise: In what year was a Gothic hammerbeam roof installed on the Archbishop of Canterbury's residence?

Hypothesis: Also in the late 17th century, some discrete Gothic details appeared on new construction at Oxford University and Cambridge University, notably on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, by Christopher Wren.


Premise: In 2012 what percentage of Hyderabad freight was moved by road?

Hypothesis: As of 2012[update], there are over 3.5 million vehicles operating in the city, of which 74% are two-wheelers, 15% cars and 3% three-wheelers.


Premise: When did Chaucer die?

Hypothesis: This was fed by the growth of the Devotio Moderna movement, most prominently in the formation of the Brethren of the Common Life, but also in the works of German mystics such as Meister Eckhart and Johannes Tauler (d. 1361).


Premise: Who said that all of the tussles in the Premier League made it interesting, even if only four teams dominated?

Hypothesis: Premier League chief executive Richard Scudamore said in defence: "There are a lot of different tussles that go on in the Premier League depending on whether you're at the top, in the middle or at the bottom that make it interesting."


Premise: Which measurement did Al-Battani improve upon?

Hypothesis: In astronomy, Al-Battani improved the measurements of Hipparchus, preserved in the translation of Ptolemy's Hè Megalè Syntaxis (The great treatise) translated as Almagest.


Premise: What is regularly moulted?

Hypothesis: Plumage is regularly moulted; the standard plumage of a bird that has moulted after breeding is known as the "non-breeding" plumage, or—in the Humphrey-Parkes terminology—"basic" plumage; breeding plumages or variations of the basic plumage are known under the Humphrey-Parkes system as "alternate" plumages.


Premise: In what year did Martin Luther challenge the Catholic Church?

Hypothesis: Roman Catholicism was the sole established religion in the Holy Roman Empire until the Reformation changed this drastically.


Premise: What purpose did Philadelphia serve while D.C. was under construction?

Hypothesis: Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States, who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the Constitution in 1787.


Premise: Who is the most popular Eritrean singing artist?

Hypothesis: Amongst the Tigrinya, the best known traditional musical genre is the guaila.


Premise: George Washington once paid visit to Sherman's house, what year was this?

Hypothesis: Grove Street Cemetery, a National Historic Landmark which lies adjacent to Yale's campus, contains the graves of Roger Sherman, Eli Whitney, Noah Webster, Josiah Willard Gibbs, Charles Goodyear and Walter Camp, among other notable burials.


Premise: What year was the Boston Public Library founded?

Hypothesis: Boston's literary culture continues today thanks to the city's many universities and the Boston Book Festival.


Premise: Who is the star of Spectre?

Hypothesis: It features Daniel Craig in his fourth performance as James Bond, and Christoph Waltz as Ernst Stavro Blofeld, with the film marking the character's re-introduction into the series.


Premise: Which university magazine reports local, state & regional issues in addition to campus news?

Hypothesis: The University of Michigan is served by many student publications, including the independent Michigan Daily student newspaper, which reports on local, state, and regional issues in addition to campus news.


Premise: In what Orthagraphy does Modern Estonian orthography have its basis?

Hypothesis: Earlier writing in Estonian had by and large used an ad hoc orthography based on Latin and Middle Low German orthography.


Premise: Underground officials were ordered to lock the stations during raids but opened how long after the orders?

Hypothesis: Underground officials were ordered to lock station entrances during raids; but by the second week of heavy bombing the government relented and ordered the stations to be opened.


Premise: What concept investigates geometric elements that stay stable under group action?

Hypothesis: Finite symmetry groups such as the Mathieu groups are used in coding theory, which is in turn applied in error correction of transmitted data, and in CD players.


Premise: How many people attended the Lviv pre-election meetings?

Hypothesis: From April 20–23, 1989, pre-election meetings were held in Lviv for four consecutive days, drawing crowds of up to 25,000.


Premise: What shape do grapes usually resemble?

Hypothesis: White" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape.


Premise: Who was the Vice Minister of Health?

Hypothesis: The Vice Minister of Health also suggested that the government would pick up the costs of care to earthquake victims, many of whom have little or no insurance: "The government should be responsible for providing medical treatment to them," he said.


Hypothesis: Philadelphia was one of the nation's capitals in the Revolutionary War, and served as temporary U.S. capital while Washington, D.C., was under construction.


Premise: How many Americans spoke Czech as their first language as of 2009?

Hypothesis: With the exception of Spanish (the non-English language most commonly spoken at home nationwide), Czech was the most-common home language in over a dozen additional counties in Nebraska, Kansas, Texas, North Dakota and Minnesota.


Premise: what did the voting rights act provide for

Hypothesis: From 1952 to 1964, most voters were registered Democrats, but the state voted for the Republican presidential candidate in every election except for 1964.


Premise: What is West Raleigh the home of?

Hypothesis: It is home to North Carolina State University, Meredith College, Pullen Park, Pullen Memorial Baptist Church, Cameron Village, Lake Johnson, the North Carolina Museum of Art and historic Saint Mary's School.


Premise: In what country is the beer Tella produced?

Hypothesis: In Africa, there are various ethnic beers made from sorghum or millet, such as Oshikundu in Namibia and Tella in Ethiopia.


Premise: What document was signed in 1999?

Hypothesis: This is understandable, since there is no compelling authority within them.


Premise: What country would refuse support if Frederick wen to war for Saxony and west Prussia?

Hypothesis: If he joined the French against the British in the hope of annexing Hanover, he might fall victim to an Austro-Russian attack.


Premise: How many bus lines does the Optile Consortium manage?

Hypothesis: Paris is a major rail, highway, and air transport hub.


Premise: Of pregnant women, how many are believed to be infected with HIV?

Hypothesis: Many patients have a multi-drug resistant strain, and 83% are co-infected with HIV.


Premise: Who wrote Works and Days and Theogony?

Hypothesis: In ancient Greece, the epics of Homer, who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey, and Hesiod, who wrote Works and Days and Theogony, are some of the earliest, and most influential, of Ancient Greek literature.


Premise: What is the name of the football club in Paris?

Hypothesis: The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis.


Premise: What opened the door to plant genetic engineering?

Hypothesis: These technologies enable the biotechnological use of whole plants or plant cell cultures grown in bioreactors to synthesise pesticides, antibiotics or other pharmaceuticals, as well as the practical application of genetically modified crops designed for traits such as improved yield.


Premise: What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in Russia?

Hypothesis: The correlation between R1a1a [M17] and the speakers of Indo-European languages, particularly those of Eastern Europe (Russian) and Central and Southern Asia, was noticed in the late 1990s.


Premise: Who was the last known person to be sentenced to death for the crime of heresy by the Roman Catholic Church?

Hypothesis: The last known heretic executed by sentence of the Roman Catholic Church was Spanish schoolmaster Cayetano Ripoll in 1826.


Premise: What is the child of Mary known to be famous for according to  Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti ?

Hypothesis: He stated that Mary, rather than being cleansed after sin, was completely prevented from contracting Original Sin in view of the foreseen merits of Jesus Christ, the Savior of the human race.


Premise: How much were the grants for

Hypothesis: Since the launch of the "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge", more than a dozen research teams, mainly at universities in the U.S., Europe, India, China and South Africa, have received grants to develop innovative on-site and off-site waste treatment solutions for the urban poor.


Premise: People who study the anatomy of the central nervous system are known as what?

Hypothesis: Thousands of distinguishable areas can be identified within the vertebrate brain based on fine distinctions of neural structure, chemistry, and connectivity.


Premise: What did the Americans use at the beginning of the war?

Hypothesis: Also available to the Americans at the start of the war was the 120 mm M1 gun stratosphere gun, which was the most powerful AA gun with an impressive 60,000 ft (18 km) altitude capability.


Premise: What memorial commemorates the naval victory over the Spanish Armada?

Hypothesis: After the English Civil War the Royal Citadel was built in 1666 on the east end of Plymouth Hoe, to defend the port from naval attacks, suppress Plymothian Parliamentary leanings and to train the armed forces.


Premise: Who proposed a merger of many colleges in 1907?

Hypothesis: The main campus of Imperial College was constructed beside the buildings of the Imperial Institute in South Kensington.


Premise: Between what years was Jose batlle y Ordonez president of Uruguay?

Hypothesis: Parque Batlle is named in honour of José Batlle y Ordóñez, President of Uruguay from 1911 to 1915.


Premise: When is the rainiest season in Namibia?

Hypothesis: The last[update] bad rainy season with rainfall far below the annual average occurred in summer 2006/07.


Premise: What do some people want to do with the people of Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: While some commentators have called for the relocation of Tuvalu's population to Australia, New Zealand or Kioa in Fiji, in 2006 Maatia Toafa (Prime Minister from 2004–2006) said his government did not regard rising sea levels as such a threat that the entire population would need to be evacuated.


Premise: Which metal has the highest melting point?

Hypothesis: Tungsten is the metal with the highest melting point, 3,695 K (6,191 °F).


Premise: According to Hegel, what form does thought necessarily take?

Hypothesis: In addition, Hegel does believe we can know the structure of God's mind, or ultimate reality.


Premise: What is the negative effect of "hot spots" forming on the filament?

Hypothesis: Small variations in resistivity along the filament cause "hot spots" to form at points of higher resistivity; a variation of diameter of only 1% will cause a 25% reduction in service life.


Premise: What was the pier on Burnham -on-sea used for

Hypothesis: The pier at Burnham-on-Sea is the shortest pier in the UK.


Premise: What team did Arsenal play at the time of the radio broadcast in 1927?

Hypothesis: On 22 January 1927, their match at Highbury against Sheffield United was the first English League match to be broadcast live on radio.


Premise: What team did Barcelona defeat to win their 23rd La Liga title?

Hypothesis: La Liga title after defeating Atlético Madrid.


Premise: Through what renewable resource had Portugal generated electricity before the solar/wind revolution?

Hypothesis: Instead of just delivering electricity, it draws electricity from even the smallest generators, like rooftop solar panels.


Premise: How does Oklahoma rank among US states for agriculture?

Hypothesis: Four Fortune 500 companies and six Fortune 1000 companies are headquartered in Oklahoma, and it has been rated one of the most business-friendly states in the nation, with the 7th-lowest tax burden in 2007.


Premise: How long has Firestone tire and rubber company ran a rubber plantation in Liberia?

Hypothesis: The Firestone Tire and Rubber Company has operated the world's largest rubber plantation in Liberia since 1926.


Premise: What portion of the world is considered to be most at risk for the rapid spread of the avian flu?

Hypothesis: The virus possibly could mutate to become highly virulent and infectious in humans and cause an influenza pandemic.


Premise: In what year did the Slavic and Finnic tribes rebel againts the Varangians?

Hypothesis: In 862, the Finnic and Slavic tribes in the area of Novgorod rebelled against the Varangians, driving them "back beyond the sea and, refusing them further tribute, set out to govern themselves.


Premise: Between 1973 and 2015, how amny prisoners were acquitted or received pardons or commutations of their death sentences due to possible innocence?

Hypothesis: In total, 156 prisoners have been either acquitted, or received pardons or commutations on the basis of possible innocence, between 1973 to 2015.


Premise: What is one who replaces a player during a game called?

Hypothesis: In standard adult matches, a player who has been substituted may not take further part in a match.


Premise: When was the Mexico City metro system first opened?

Hypothesis: The first portions were opened in 1969 and it has expanded to 12 lines with 195 stations.


Premise: During The Early MIng Dynasty Chinese merchants explored all of what?

Hypothesis: Despite the xenophobia and intellectual introspection characteristic of the increasingly popular new school of neo-Confucianism, China under the early Ming dynasty was not isolated.


Premise: What use of higher value bills prompted Nixon to halt the use of said bills?

Hypothesis: These notes were used primarily in inter-bank transactions or by organized crime; it was the latter usage that prompted President Richard Nixon to issue an executive order in 1969 halting their use.


Premise: What is the only technique that can be used when multi-zone metering is used?

Hypothesis: The Recommended Exposure Index (REI) technique, new in the 2006 version of the standard, allows the manufacturer to specify a camera model’s EI choices arbitrarily.


Premise: What does the sensor usually determine?

Hypothesis: where  is the maximum possible exposure that does not lead to a clipped or bloomed camera output.


Premise: What Persian scholar noted the 10th century calculator similar to the Antikythera mechanism?

Hypothesis: Devices of this sort are not found again until the 10th century, when a simpler eight-geared luni-solar calculator incorporated into an astrolabe was described by the Persian scholar, Al-Biruni.[not in citation given]


Premise: Which season eight contestant was a guest judge in season fourteen?

Hypothesis: Guest judges were used in the audition rounds for seasons four, six, nine, and fourteen such as Gene Simmons and LL Cool J in season four, Jewel and Olivia Newton-John in season six, Shania Twain in season eight, Neil Patrick Harris, Avril Lavigne and Katy Perry in season nine, and season eight runner-up, Adam Lambert, in season fourteen.


Premise: Who does Scout think could be lonelier than Boo Radley?

Hypothesis: When Mayella reacts with confusion to Atticus' question if she has any friends, Scout offers that she must be lonelier than Boo Radley.


Premise: Who discovered a reaction that induced sleep in dogs?

Hypothesis: In 1903 Hermann Emil Fischer and Joseph von Mering disclosed their discovery that diethylbarbituric acid, formed from the reaction of diethylmalonic acid, phosphorus oxychloride and urea, induces sleep in dogs.


Premise: What happens if an NPO does not abide by the tax laws?

Hypothesis: The exemption does not apply to other Federal taxes such as employment taxes.


Premise: Who surpassed ASCII?

Hypothesis: Most modern character-encoding schemes are based on ASCII, though they support many additional characters.


Premise: Which distinguished academic of genocide highlighted several other countries opposed to including political genocide in the Convention?

Hypothesis: However leading genocide scholar William Schabas states: “Rigorous examination of the travaux fails to confirm a popular impression in the literature that the opposition to inclusion of political genocide was some Soviet machination.


Premise: What was Darwin originally studying at university?

Hypothesis: Starting in 1827, at Cambridge University, Darwin learnt science as natural theology from botanist John Stevens Henslow, and read Paley, John Herschel and Alexander von Humboldt.


Premise: What ocean is Miami adjacent to?

Hypothesis: Miami is also the home of restaurant chains such as Burger King, Tony Roma's and Benihana.


Premise: Who does Vasari believe destroyed ancient buildings after they conquered Rome?

Hypothesis: Giorgio Vasari used the term "barbarous German style" in his Lives of the Artists to describe what is now considered the Gothic style, and in the introduction to the Lives he attributes various architectural features to "the Goths" whom he holds responsible for destroying the ancient buildings after they conquered Rome, and erecting new ones in this style.


Premise: What was extensively used to pass information to aid rescue and recovery efforts?

Hypothesis: The Internet was extensively used for passing information to aid rescue and recovery efforts.


Premise: According to QS World University Rankings and Al-Azhar University, Alexandria University and Ain Shams University are all ranked where?

Hypothesis: Cairo University is ranked as 401-500 according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities (Shanghai Ranking) and 551-600 according to QS World University Rankings.


Premise: How many different countries air American Idol on television?

Hypothesis: American Idol is broadcast to over 100 nations outside of the United States.


Premise: When was the Airline Deregulation act?

Hypothesis: A nationwide strike by the air traffic controllers union in 1981 forced temporary flight restrictions but failed to shut down the airspace system.


Premise: What is the literal meaning of Theotokos?

Hypothesis: Mary (Maryam) also has a revered position in Islam, where a whole chapter of the Qur'an is devoted to her, also describing the birth of Jesus.


Premise: What percentage of tuberculosis infections don't ever manifest in symptoms of the disease?

Hypothesis: If a tuberculosis infection does become active, it most commonly involves the lungs (in about 90% of cases).


Premise: What sort of theme pub would be likely to feature strippers?

Hypothesis: Pubs that cater for a niche clientele, such as sports fans or people of certain nationalities are known as theme pubs.


Premise: What is the most common element used to create a single in phase signal?

Hypothesis: The antenna array and very similar reflective array antenna consist of multiple elements, often half-wave dipoles, spaced out on a plane and wired together with transmission lines with specific phase lengths to produce a single in-phase signal at the output.


Premise: Who published a Seismic Risk Analysis Study?

Hypothesis: He based his study on statistical correlation.


Premise: Along with Djibouti and Ethiopia, in what African country outside Somalia can Somalis be found?

Hypothesis: While most Somalis can be found in Somalia proper, large numbers also live in Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, Yemen, the Middle East, South Asia and Europe due to their seafaring tradition.


Premise: What was first proposed in 1979?

Hypothesis: The psychoacoustic masking codec was first proposed in 1979, apparently independently, by Manfred R. Schroeder, et al.


Premise: What are usually Universities made up of?

Hypothesis: Universities are generally composed of several colleges.


Premise: The Commission felt that the bundling undermined what?

Hypothesis: In January 2009, the European Commission announced it would investigate the bundling of Internet Explorer with Windows operating systems from Microsoft, saying "Microsoft's tying of Internet Explorer to the Windows operating system harms competition between web browsers, undermines product innovation and ultimately reduces consumer choice."


Premise: What group presented the opening ceremonies of the Parentalia festival?

Hypothesis: The public Vestals prepared ritual substances for use in public and private cults, and held the state-funded (thus public) opening ceremony for the Parentalia festival, which was otherwise a private rite to household ancestors.


Premise: Fictional placements within this setting are modeled off what?

Hypothesis: Characters such as Spider-Man, the Fantastic Four, the Avengers, Daredevil and Doctor Strange are based in New York City, whereas the X-Men have historically been based in Salem Center, New York and Hulk's stories often have been set in the American Southwest.


Premise: What type of aircraft carriers did these ship conversions give rise to in 1927?

Hypothesis: These conversions gave rise to the Lexington-class aircraft carriers (1927), Akagi and Courageous class.


Premise: What piece of Bach's did Chopin take inspiration for his preludes?

Hypothesis: Inspired by J.S. Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier, Chopin's preludes move up the circle of fifths (rather than Bach's chromatic scale sequence) to create a prelude in each major and minor tonality.


Premise: What happened when regions underwent desertification?

Hypothesis: Additionally, as inland regions underwent desertification, inhabitants moved to the wetter coast.


Premise: Why are there differences in ancient copies of the same text?

Hypothesis: Given a manuscript copy, several or many copies, but not the original document, the textual critic might seek to reconstruct the original text (the archetype or autograph) as closely as possible.


Premise: What age attends pre-school in Swaziland?

Hypothesis: Education in Swaziland begins with pre-school education for infants, primary, secondary and high school education for general education and training (GET), and universities and colleges at tertiary level.


Premise: What two-word phrase is used for the main part of the lungs infected by TB?

Hypothesis: This is known as a Simon focus and is typically found in the top of the lung.


Premise: What did the Pecheneg frequesntly do over the span of two centuries?

Hypothesis: Some speculation exists that the Pechenegs drove off the Tivertsi and the Ulichs to the regions of the upper Dniester river in Bukovina.


Premise: When did Le Corbusier live and write?

Hypothesis: On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction.


Premise: How many titles does the library have?

Hypothesis: The Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire (BNU) is, with its collection of more than 3,000,000 titles, the second largest library in France after the Bibliothèque nationale de France.


Premise: From the 2011 census, London is second in population in the EU to which city?

Hypothesis: The city's metropolitan area is one of the most populous in Europe with 13,879,757 inhabitants,[note 4] while the Greater London Authority states the population of the city-region (covering a large part of the south east) as 22.7 million.


Premise: What organization is Stephen Thomas Erlewine associated with?

Hypothesis: Music journalist and post-punk scholar Simon Reynolds has advocated that post-punk be conceived as "less a genre of music than a space of possibility", suggesting that "what unites all this activity is a set of open-ended imperatives: innovation; willful oddness; the willful jettisoning of all things precedented or 'rock'n'roll'".


Premise: Which president called for constitutional changes?

Hypothesis: Tensions were heightened when Cypriot President Archbishop Makarios III called for constitutional changes, which were rejected by Turkey and opposed by Turkish Cypriots.


Premise: Buddhist temples in which two cities made use of the shoen system?

Hypothesis: The major Buddhist temples in Heian-kyō and Nara also made use of the shōen.


Premise: In a 2006 study, how many autosomal SNPs were used?

Hypothesis: A 2006 study by Seldin et al. used over five thousand autosomal SNPs to demonstrate European genetic substructure.


Premise: Whose signatures appear at the very end of a treaty?

Hypothesis: When the text of a treaty is later reprinted, such as in a collection of treaties currently in effect, an editor will often append the dates on which the respective parties ratified the treaty and on which it came into effect for each party.


Premise: How long does Aruba's biggest celebration last?

Hypothesis: Music and flamboyant costumes play a central role, from the Queen elections to the Grand Parade.


Hypothesis: Pre-school education is usually for children 5-year or younger after that the students can enroll in a primary school anywhere in the country.


Premise: What is the minimum bit rate for compressed video and audio transmission?

Hypothesis: It was only in the 1980s that digital telephony transmission networks became possible, such as with ISDN networks, assuring a minimum bit rate (usually 128 kilobits/s) for compressed video and audio transmission.


Premise: On September 15 the Luftwaffe made daylight raids on what target in London?

Hypothesis: The Luftwaffe lost 18 percent of the bombers sent on the operations that day, and failed to gain air superiority.


Premise: How much area was planted in India in GM cotton in 2011?

Hypothesis: The total cotton area in India was 12.1 million hectares in 2011, so GM cotton was grown on 88% of the cotton area.


Premise: A reversible process is one in which this does not happen.

Hypothesis: In this case, the energy must partly stay as heat, and cannot be completely recovered as usable energy, except at the price of an increase in some other kind of heat-like increase in disorder in quantum states, in the universe (such as an expansion of matter, or a randomisation in a crystal).


Premise: Although the schedule in Israel became predictable after 2005, there were still problems in Windows until Israel adjusted DST to what calendar in 2013?

Hypothesis: In 2013, Israel standardized its daylight saving time according to the Gregorian calendar.


Premise: Where was the original end of the line?

Hypothesis: Now a through station, the line through Kent connects the towns of Cobh and Midleton east of the city.


Premise: Where in Eritrea can puff adder and red spitting cobra be found?

Hypothesis: In Gash Barka, deadly snakes like saw-scaled viper are common.


Premise: What is the Judaeo-Spanish language developed by Sephardic Jews who migrated to the Iberian peninsula?

Hypothesis: Ladino is the Judæo-Spanish language developed by Sephardic Jews who migrated to the Iberian peninsula.


Premise: What is an alternative name for Sixth Avenue?

Hypothesis: west from the intersection of Mount Morris Park West at Marcus Garvey Memorial Park and terminates at the intersection of Morningside Avenue at Morningside Park.


Premise: in British indian a jugde had to come from where to oversee the  legal system?

Hypothesis: British judges and magistrates would also be sent to India to administer the legal system.


Premise: Who invented the first permanent photograph?

Hypothesis: Photography came to occupy a central role in Parisian Surrealist activity, in the works of Man Ray and Maurice Tabard.


Premise: What categories is the masculine gender in Czech divided into?

Hypothesis: Czech distinguishes three genders—masculine, feminine, and neuter—and the masculine gender is subdivided into animate and inanimate.


Premise: What mausoleum is in Nanjing?

Hypothesis: The city also served as the seat of the rebel Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1851–64) and the Japanese puppet regime of Wang Jingwei (1940–45) during the Second Sino-Japanese War, and suffered appalling atrocities in both conflicts, including the Nanjing Massacre.


Premise: What was the design for low cost data encryption named?

Hypothesis: In 2005, the company sold its personal computer business to Chinese technology company Lenovo, and in the same year it agreed to acquire Micromuse.


Premise: What despcription was assigned to minority leader in part?

Hypothesis: The roles and responsibilities of the minority leader are not well-defined.


Premise: What do modern hunters see themselves as?

Hypothesis: Local hunting clubs and national organizations provide hunter education and help protect the future of the sport by buying land for future hunting use.


Premise: What can refer to the study of patterns in human cultures?

Hypothesis: Kinship can refer both to the study of the patterns of social relationships in one or more human cultures, or it can refer to the patterns of social relationships themselves.


Premise: After reaching the FIFA World Cup quarter-finals for the first time, to whom did England lose with a final score of 4-2?

Hypothesis: Their first ever defeat on home soil to a foreign team was an 0–2 loss to the Republic of Ireland, on 21 September 1949 at Goodison Park.


Premise: What kind of movement does the electron not have in ground state?

Hypothesis: In the quantum mechanical treatment, the electron in a ground state hydrogen atom has no angular momentum at all—an illustration of how the "planetary orbit" conception of electron motion differs from reality.


Premise: In later writings, what did Claudius Ptolemy called the British Isles?

Hypothesis: The name Albion appears to have fallen out of use sometime after the Roman conquest of Great Britain, after which Britain became the more commonplace name for the island called Great Britain.


Premise: In what year did Chopin become a French citizen?

Hypothesis: After a failed engagement to Maria Wodzińska, from 1837 to 1847 he maintained an often troubled relationship with the French writer George Sand.


Premise: When had samurai last been used in battle?

Hypothesis: With no warfare since the early 17th century, samurai gradually lost their military function during the Tokugawa era (also called the Edo period).


Premise: What is something that causes a huge problem with employment in NPOs?

Hypothesis: Compounding the issue is that some NPOs do not operate in a manner similar to most businesses, or only seasonally.


Premise: What percentage of Plymouth residents in 2011 were of Chinese ancestry?

Hypothesis: At the time of the 2011 UK census, the ethnic composition of Plymouth's population was 96.2% White (of 92.9% was White British), with the largest minority ethnic group being Chinese at 0.5%.


Premise: How many barracks guarded ancient Kathmandu?

Hypothesis: The artistry of the Newar people—the indigenous inhabitants of the Kathmandu Valley—became highly sought after during this era, both within the Valley and throughout the greater Himalayas.


Premise: What professors established the importance of Whitehead's work?

Hypothesis: Early followers of Whitehead were found primarily at the University of Chicago's Divinity School, where Henry Nelson Wieman initiated an interest in Whitehead's work that would last for about thirty years.


Premise: From what country was Enlightenment leader Catherine the Great?

Hypothesis: In Poland, the model constitution of 1791 expressed Enlightenment ideals, but was in effect for only one year as the nation was partitioned among its neighbors.


Premise: where does the great plains lie?

Hypothesis: The region is known for supporting extensive cattle ranching and dry farming.


Premise: What does Ghode mean?

Hypothesis: The festivities such as the Ghode (horse) Jatra, Indra Jatra, Dashain Durga Puja festivals, Shivratri and many more are observed by all Hindu and Buddhist communities of Kathmandu with devotional fervor and enthusiasm.


Premise: Who produced Rabbit of Seville?

Hypothesis: Several works from the Golden Age of Animation matched the action to classical music.


Premise: What caused BPN and BPP to accumulate losses?

Hypothesis: In the grounds of avoiding a potentially serious financial crisis in the Portuguese economy, the Portuguese government decided to give them a bailout, eventually at a future loss to taxpayers and to the Portuguese people in general.


Premise: In what year did The Times resume printing news on the front page instead of small advertisements?

Hypothesis: His Thomson Corporation brought it under the same ownership as The Sunday Times to form Times Newspapers Limited.


Premise: What quip was used to describe Eisenhower's cabinet?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower's cabinet, consisting of several corporate executives and one labor leader, was dubbed by one journalist, "Eight millionaires and a plumber.


Premise: Who was the first black mayor of Detroit?

Hypothesis: Young also worked to improve Detroit's transportation system, but tension between Young and his suburban counterparts over regional matters was problematic throughout his mayoral term.


Premise: Why was there concerns in 2010?

Hypothesis: However, fighting erupted again in July 2012.


Premise: In what year was Columbus' expedition to the Americas?

Hypothesis: Europeans were forced to seek new trading routes, leading to the expedition of Columbus to the Americas in 1492, and Vasco da Gama’s circumnavigation of India and Africa in 1498.


Premise: How much in yen did the Super Famicom cost in Japan?

Hypothesis: It was an instant success; Nintendo's initial shipment of 300,000 units sold out within hours, and the resulting social disturbance led the Japanese government to ask video game manufacturers to schedule future console releases on weekends.


Premise: What metatextual character does Stefan Wild focus on in his discussion of the Quran?

Hypothesis: Self-referentiality is evident in those passages where the Quran refers to itself as revelation (tanzil), remembrance (dhikr), news (naba'), criterion (furqan) in a self-designating manner (explicitly asserting its Divinity, "And this is a blessed Remembrance that We have sent down; so are you now denying it?"), or in the frequent appearance of the "Say" tags, when Muhammad is commanded to speak (e.g., "Say: 'God's guidance is the true guidance' ", "Say: 'Would you then dispute with us concerning God?' ").


Premise: What is said to have turned into the river Marsyas?

Hypothesis: Marsyas' blood turned into the river Marsyas.


Premise: How many elders did John Batman claim to have negotiated with?

Hypothesis: Batman and his group arrived on 2 September 1835 and the two groups ultimately agreed to share the settlement.


Premise: De L'Annapurna is an example of what sort of hotel?

Hypothesis: With the opening of the tourist industry after the change in the political scenario of Nepal in 1950, the hotel industry drastically improved.


Premise: What is All India Radio?

Hypothesis: All India Radio is a public radio station.


Premise: What does caboclos mean?

Hypothesis: It seems a one-drop rule in reverse.


Premise: How many soldiers defended Torii's last stand?

Hypothesis: As was custom, Torii vowed that he would not be taken alive.


Premise: Who was the target of the filing?

Hypothesis: The coalition asked for a civil rights investigation into what they described as Harvard's discriminatory admission practices against Asian-American applicants.


Premise: What was the price for early HDTVs?

Hypothesis: Equipment prices were high, especially for early HDTVs which generally eclipsed US$10,000, and even in Japan the market for MUSE was tiny.


Premise: What magazine did Kanye West pose for in 2006 that caused another controversy?

Hypothesis: While West had encountered controversy a year prior when he stormed out of the American Music Awards of 2004 after losing Best New Artist, the rapper's first large-scale controversy came just days following Late Registration's release, during a benefit concert for Hurricane Katrina victims.


Premise: Besides films and other non-static media, what type of media is classified into a group?

Hypothesis: Records include paper documents, microfilm, still pictures, motion pictures, and electronic media.


Premise: What contest shift the Cubs' Fortunes?

Hypothesis: No one would catch them, except the Padres in the playoffs.


Premise: How many millions of years old were the plants that were discovered in New Brunswick?

Hypothesis: Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology to make inferences about when a wooden object was created.


Premise: When did a rescue team depart?

Hypothesis: A direct chartered cargo flight was made by China Airlines from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport to Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport sending some 100 tons of relief supplies donated by the Tzu Chi Foundation and the Red Cross Society of Taiwan to the affected areas.


Premise: About how much of UK's passenger traffic did Southampton handle during the inter-war period?

Hypothesis: In particular, it is a port for cruise ships; its heyday was the first half of the 20th century, and in particular the inter-war years, when it handled almost half the passenger traffic of the UK.


Premise: What was the first cyclone to strike Tuvalu during the 1996-97 season?

Hypothesis: Cyclone Gavin was first identified during 2 March 1997, and was the first of three tropical cyclones to affect Tuvalu during the 1996–97 cyclone season with Cyclones Hina and Keli following later in the season.


Premise: What was responsible for maintaining the separation between the gorillas and humans?

Hypothesis: In 2006–07, researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society studied gorillas in heavily forested regions centered on the Ouesso district of the Sangha Region.


Premise: Who was the leader of Pontus in the year 85 BC?

Hypothesis: In 88 BC, Mithridates ordered the killing of a majority of the 80,000 Romans living in his kingdom.


Premise: What type of audition are expected to eliminator gender or racial prejudice?

Hypothesis: In 2013, an article in Mother Jones stated that while "[m]any prestigious orchestras have significant female membership—women outnumber men in the New York Philharmonic's violin section—and several renowned ensembles, including the National Symphony Orchestra, the Detroit Symphony, and the Minnesota Symphony, are led by women violinists", the double bass, brass, and percussion sections of major orchestras "...are still predominantly male."


Premise: When did the issuance of CDO peak?

Hypothesis: For example, buying a CDS to insure a CDO ended up giving the seller the same risk as if they owned the CDO, when those CDO's became worthless.


Premise: By what year was demand so great that one railroad line could no longer keep up with the demand?

Hypothesis: At this point massive hotels like The United States and Surf House, as well as smaller rooming houses, had sprung up all over town.


Premise: What, in contrast to glass, doesn't let light pass through?

Hypothesis: These properties, which give glass its clearness, can be retained even if glass is partially light-absorbing


Premise: What events of significance to human development occurred during the Bronze Age ?

Hypothesis: Human remains and artifacts from this era were discovered in Monywa District in the Sagaing Division.


Premise: What is the area served by the Lord-Lieutenant called now?

Hypothesis: The area served by the Lord-Lieutenant (termed now a ceremonial county) covered the entirety of the administrative county and the county boroughs, and was expanded whenever boroughs annexed areas in neighbouring counties such as Wythenshawe in Manchester south of the River Mersey and historically in Cheshire, and southern Warrington.


Premise: What year was the Sanat Monica Pier buildt?

Hypothesis: It sits on the Santa Monica Pier, which was built in 1909.


Premise: What do water birds avoid while migrating?

Hypothesis: Detours avoiding such barriers are observed: for example, brent geese Branta bernicla migrating from the Taymyr Peninsula to the Wadden Sea travel via the White Sea coast and the Baltic Sea rather than directly across the Arctic Ocean and northern Scandinavia.


Premise: Pollen transferred in the reproduction of plants is called?

Hypothesis: Because insects usually receive benefit for the pollination in the form of energy rich nectar it is a grand example of mutualism.


Premise: Along with Faith Hill, Shania Twain and LeAnn Rimes, what country artist has had adult contemporary hits?

Hypothesis: While most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists.


Premise: Who massacred many Assyrian Iranians around Urmia during World War 1?

Hypothesis: The Persian Campaign commenced furthermore during World War I in Northwestern Iran after an Ottoman invasion, as part of the Middle Eastern Theatre of World War I.


Premise: Prior to what century had there been little contact between western europe and greek civilization?

Hypothesis: There was little to no direct knowledge of Greek civilization before the middle of the 18th century in Western Europe, when an expedition funded by the Society of Dilettanti in 1751 and led by James Stuart and Nicholas Revett began serious archaeological enquiry.


Premise: The difference in percentages of the levels of Eu 19 (R1a) chromosomes between Central and Eastern Europeans and the Ashkenazi population would indicate what?

Hypothesis: In comparison with data available from other relevant populations in the region, Jews were found to be more closely related to groups in the north of the Fertile Crescent.


Premise: What is the University of Arizona's student newspaper?

Hypothesis: The New Vision is the newspaper for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson, and the Arizona Jewish Post is the newspaper of the Jewish Federation of Southern Arizona.


Premise: Who won the 2015 Nigerian presidential election?

Hypothesis: The president presides as both Head of State and head of the national executive; the leader is elected by popular vote to a maximum of two 4-year terms.


Premise: What method, derived from the Romans, was traditionally used to build ships?

Hypothesis: Shipbuilding improved with the use of the rib and plank method rather than the old Roman system of mortise and tenon.


Premise: Why were the lands in the region the Sumerian people settled fertile?

Hypothesis: The Sumerians were a non-Semitic caucasoid people, and spoke a language isolate; a number of linguists believed they could detect a substrate language beneath Sumerian, because names of some of Sumer's major cities are not Sumerian, revealing influences of earlier inhabitants.


Premise: What company did Comcast sell their telecommunications company to?

Hypothesis: Comcast sold Comcast Cellular to SBC Communications in 1999 for $400 million, releasing them from $1.27 billion in debt.


Premise: It has been known to snow even in what Southern city?

Hypothesis: Snowfalls occur every year in the mountains and northern areas, and brief snowfalls are not unknown even in low-lying southern areas, such as Athens.


Premise: What does copper wires along with zinc on roofs help to prevent?

Hypothesis: Copper compounds in liquid form are used as a wood preservative, particularly in treating original portion of structures during restoration of damage due to dry rot.


Premise: How many casualties did Moltke suffer at Beaumont?

Hypothesis: With the defeat of Marshal Bazaine's Army of the Rhine at Gravelotte, the French were forced to retire to Metz, where they were besieged by over 150,000 Prussian troops of the First and Second Armies.


Premise: When did parliamentary politics become irrelevant in Egypt?

Hypothesis: During Mubarak's reign, the political scene was dominated by the National Democratic Party, which was created by Sadat in 1978.


Premise: How tall is the statue in Tito Square?

Hypothesis: The court, however, explicitly made it clear that the purpose of the review was "not a verdict on Tito as a figure or on his concrete actions, as well as not a historical weighing of facts and circumstances".


Premise: Who did Aksum conquer in order to extend its rule over the Arabian peninsula?

Hypothesis: The kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world.


Premise: Denmark and Norway remained in the Kalmar Union until what year?

Hypothesis: Norway, on the other hand, became an inferior party of the union and remained united with Denmark until 1814.


Premise: What is the definition of the concept of the gene as a unit of natural selection?

Hypothesis: He proposed an evolutionary concept of the gene as a unit of natural selection with the definition: "that which segregates and recombines with appreciable frequency.":24


Premise: IS there evidence that parenting and/or childhood play a role in determining sexual orientation?

Hypothesis: There is no substantive evidence which suggests parenting or early childhood experiences play a role when it comes to sexual orientation.


Premise: Which chromosome is responsible for produlcing male differentiation on defect female development?

Hypothesis: As female fetuses have two X chromosomes and male ones a XY pair, the chromosome Y is the responsible for producing male differentiation on the defect female development.


Premise: What emissions did Dell strive to reduce?

Hypothesis: Dell committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from its global activities by 40% by 2015, with 2008 fiscal year as the baseline year.


Premise: In what year did Kanye West's mother pass away?

Hypothesis: West had previously experimented with the technology on his debut album The College Dropout for the background vocals of "Jesus Walks" and "Never Let Me Down."


Premise: What demographic was the most percentage of the households in total?

Hypothesis: One person households account for 30.5% of all households and 8.7% of all households had someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older.


Premise: What type of anthropology is used to solve specific problems?

Hypothesis: This meagre statistic expanded in the 20th century to comprise anthropology departments in the majority of the world's higher educational institutions, many thousands in number.


Premise: What is the biggest school in Thuringia?

Hypothesis: The University of Jena is the biggest amongst Thuringia's four universities and offers nearly every discipline.


Premise: Who helped Albert improve in public speaking?

Hypothesis: Because of his stammer, Albert dreaded public speaking.


Premise: When was a dam built for the river?

Hypothesis: In the 1990s, as part of the citywide revitalization project known as MAPS, the city built a series of low-water dams, returning water to the portion of the river flowing near downtown.


Premise: Where do Marmots live?

Hypothesis: Many rodents such as voles live underground.


Premise: His advocacy from human rights included whom?

Hypothesis: John XXIII was an advocate for human rights which included the unborn and the elderly.


Premise: Where is the Göbekli Tepe temple located?

Hypothesis: A temple area in southeastern Turkey at Göbekli Tepe dated around 9,500 BC may be regarded as the beginning of the period.


Premise: Which river landform partly in Tennessee provided the most fertile land for cotton production?

Hypothesis: The upper wedge of the Mississippi Delta extends into southwestern Tennessee, and it was in this fertile section that cotton took hold.


Premise: Who was the first to design architecture environmentally?

Hypothesis: There has been an acceleration in the number of buildings which seek to meet green building sustainable design principles.


Premise: When were the mosaics at the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare created?

Hypothesis: The mosaics of the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe were made around 549.


Premise: According to one consultant, which group found the book demoralizing?

Hypothesis: A teaching guide for the novel published by The English Journal cautions, "what seems wonderful or powerful to one group of students may seem degrading to another".


Premise: As opposed to personal loyalty, what basis should military promotions be given, according to Nasser?

Hypothesis: In late 1961, Nasser established the Presidential Council and decreed it the authority to approve all senior military appointments, instead of leaving this responsibility solely to Amer.


Premise: New Delhi shares the position as the most targeted retail destination in Asia-Pacific markets with what other city?

Hypothesis: New Delhi with Beijing shares the top position as the most targeted emerging markets retail destination among Asia-Pacific markets.


Premise: What branch of the military began to have a strong presence in San Diego in 1901?

Hypothesis: The city was also an early center for aviation: as early as World War I, San Diego was proclaiming itself "The Air Capital of the West".


Premise: In what city is the École Polytechnique de Montréal located?

Hypothesis: Canadian higher education institutions, at all levels, undertake directed and applied research with financing allocated through public funding, private equity, or industry sources.


Premise: What honorary degree did Spielberg receive from Boston University?

Hypothesis: In 2009, Boston University presented him an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree.


Premise: Who could be expected to obtain guidance in the art of weaving?

Hypothesis: Girls generally received instruction from their mothers in the art of spinning, weaving, and sewing.


Premise: Who is mercilessly slaughtered by Aeneas?

Hypothesis: The Aeneid is full of prophecies about the future of Rome, the deeds of Augustus, his ancestors, and famous Romans, and the Carthaginian Wars; the shield of Aeneas even depicts Augustus' victory at Actium against Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII in 31 BC.


Premise: What device is used to transform infrared radiation into an electric current?

Hypothesis: The receiver uses a silicon photodiode to convert the infrared radiation to an electric current.


Premise: What do floor indicaters often consist of?

Hypothesis: Floor indicators can consist of a dial with a rotating needle, but the most common types are those with successively illuminated floor indications or LCDs.


Premise: What is a hard to pronounce and remember term meaning primarily auxiliary verbs and pronouns?

Hypothesis: Enclitics (primarily auxiliary verbs and pronouns) must appear in the second syntactic slot of a sentence, after the first stressed unit.


Premise: When was a compromise reached over administrative procedures for law determination?

Hypothesis: That is, individuals should be able to challenge an administrative order by bringing suit in a court of general jurisdiction.


Premise: What were the windows in the snug made out of?

Hypothesis: A higher price was paid for beer in the snug and nobody could look in and see the drinkers.


Premise: What is the name of the ABC Family show whose theme is entirely a capella?

Hypothesis: Another famous example of emulating instrumentation instead of singing the words is the theme song for The New Addams Family series on Fox Family Channel (now ABC Family).


Premise: What is thought that circadian rhythm evolved to protect?

Hypothesis: Previous hypotheses emphasized that photosensitive proteins and circadian rhythms may have originated together in the earliest cells, with the purpose of protecting replicating DNA from high levels of damaging ultraviolet radiation during the daytime.


Premise: Which country has Nigerians sending the second-most money home?

Hypothesis: The United States accounts for the largest portion of official remittances, followed by the United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, Spain and France.


Premise: What does a court need to imprison a member of the nobility?

Hypothesis: King Władysław's quid pro quo for this boon was the nobles' guarantee that his throne would be inherited by one of his sons (who would be bound to honour the privileges theretofore granted to the nobility).


Premise: How much of the Nigerian population has access to clean water?

Hypothesis: HIV/AIDS rate in Nigeria is much lower compared to the other African nations such as Kenya or South Africa whose prevalence (percentage) rates are in the double digits.


Premise: In 1989, what did the Pentagon plan to reduce the army end strength to?

Hypothesis: Army leadership reacted by starting to plan for a reduction in strength.


Premise: What did the Taínos represent in the Greater Antilles and Bahamas?

Hypothesis: The first indigenous group encountered by Columbus were the 250,000 Taínos of Hispaniola who represented the dominant culture in the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas.


Premise: What age are most Israelis drafted into the military?

Hypothesis: Arab citizens of Israel (except the Druze) and those engaged in full-time religious studies are exempt from military service, although the exemption of yeshiva students has been a source of contention in Israeli society for many years.


Premise: When was the first Port of Plymouth Regatta?

Hypothesis: In September 2011, Plymouth hosted the America's Cup World Series for nine days.


Premise: What was the name of the a cappella musical that first opened 28 January 1994?

Hypothesis: The first was Avenue X which opened on 28 January 1994 and ran for 77 performances.


Premise: Why, in developting countries, do children often attend fewer years of formal schooling?

Hypothesis: In addition to the sharing of household chores, certain cultures expect adolescents to share in their family's financial responsibilities.


Premise: As what can divergence in the groups be shown?

Hypothesis: Any lexical divergence within any of the two groups can be explained as an archaism.


Premise: Whose ship was named Florida?

Hypothesis: On September 21, 1529, Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón commanded the Spanish ship Florida, on his second attempt to recross the Pacific from the Maluku Islands.


Premise: Who shot Queen Victoria?

Hypothesis: Victoria was outraged when he was found not guilty by reason of insanity, but was so pleased by the many expressions of loyalty after the attack that she said it was "worth being shot at—to see how much one is loved".


Premise: How many children are disabled?

Hypothesis: In the aftermath of the earthquake, the Chinese government declared that parents who had lost their only children would get free treatment from fertility clinics to reverse vasectomies and tubal ligations conducted by family planning authorities.


Premise: What did Quasm do to anger Nasser?

Hypothesis: Nasser had considered dispatching troops to aid his Iraqi sympathizers, but decided against it.


Premise: What act calls for 7.5 billion US gallons of biofuels to be used annually by 2012?

Hypothesis: The Energy Policy Act of 2005, which calls for 7.5 billion US gallons (28,000,000 m3) of biofuels to be used annually by 2012, will also help to expand the market.


Premise: What is another name for multi-zone metering?

Hypothesis: This is also the only technique available under the standard when multi-zone metering (also called pattern metering) is used.


Premise: What are The New York Times' views on Yale's labor tension?

Hypothesis: Professor David Graeber was 'retired' after he came to the defense of a student who was involved in campus labor issues.


Premise: What measurement can aid in the identification of a human body?

Hypothesis: Similarly, forensic anthropologists draw on highly heritable morphological features of human remains (e.g. cranial measurements) to aid in the identification of the body, including in terms of race.


Premise: Along with Marshallese, what is the official language of the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: The two official languages are Marshallese, which is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, and English.


Premise: In what year was Studio Misr founded?

Hypothesis: Egypt is considered the leading country in the field of cinema in the Middle East.


Premise: What is one of Boccaccio's works that helped promote the Italian language?

Hypothesis: Another promoter of the Italian language was Boccaccio with his Decameron.


Premise: Who will not reveal full ancestral data to mixed race people?

Hypothesis: Sometimes people of mixed African-American and Native American descent report having had elder family members withholding pertinent genealogical information.


Premise: Along with uranium monocarbide and uranium dicarbide, what is a notable carbide of uranium?

Hypothesis: Uranium carbides and uranium nitrides are both relatively inert semimetallic compounds that are minimally soluble in acids, react with water, and can ignite in air to form U_3O_8.


Premise: On what date did French troops begin to cross the Rhine?

Hypothesis: On 25 September, after great secrecy and feverish marching, 200,000 French troops began to cross the Rhine on a front of 260 km (160 mi).


Premise: What do government agencies view the animals as?

Hypothesis: Government agencies view the animals as pests due to their effects on the natural environment and on agricultural production, but hunters view them as a resource.


Premise: What year did the Chicago Cubs' name become official?

Hypothesis: Officially, the Cubs are tied for the distinction of being the oldest currently active U.S. professional sports club, along with the Atlanta Braves, which also began play in the NL in 1876 as the Boston Red Stockings (Major League Baseball does not officially recognize the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players as a major league.)


Premise: What year did Jodocus Hondius make his world map?

Hypothesis: By the time of John Seller's Atlas Maritima of 1670, "India Beyond the Ganges" had become "the East Indies" including China, Korea, southeast Asia and the islands of the Pacific in a map that was every bit as distorted as Ptolemy's, despite the lapse of approximately 1500 years.


Premise: In what year did the network end American programming?

Hypothesis: Until 1998, the network carried a variety of American programs in addition to its core Canadian programming, directly competing with private Canadian broadcasters such as CTV and Global.


Premise: Why were women eventually allowed to serve at sea in the CAF?

Hypothesis: The roles of women in the CAF began to expand in 1971, after the Department reviewed the recommendations of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women, at which time it lifted the ceiling of 1,500 women personnel, and gradually expanded employment opportunities into the non-traditional areas—vehicle drivers and mechanics, aircraft mechanics, air-traffic controllers, military police, and firefighters.


Premise: What Xbox apps were bundled together?

Hypothesis: Bundled multimedia apps are provided under the Xbox brand, including Xbox Music, Xbox Video, and the Xbox SmartGlass companion for use with an Xbox 360 console.


Premise: What state was the Dell plant that received $280 million in incentives in?

Hypothesis: The plant in Winston-Salem, North Carolina received $280 million USD in incentives from the state and opened in 2005, but ceased operations in November 2010, and Dell's contract with the state requires them to repay the incentives for failing to meet the conditions.


Premise: What year did the Island's flax mills close?

Hypothesis: During this period, the island enjoyed increased revenues through the sale of flax, with prices peaking in 1951.


Premise: Who started producing comic strips and theories about them in 1827?

Hypothesis: The success of Zig et Puce in 1925 popularized the use of speech balloons in European comics, after which Franco-Belgian comics began to dominate.


Premise: In a study performed with 17 subjects, what relationship did healthy changes and brain efficiency have?

Hypothesis: After 14 days, they showed greater word fluency (not memory) compared to their baseline performance.


Premise: How are words ordered in Estonian canonically?

Hypothesis: The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object).


Premise: Since what date has asphalt been used for road paving in the US?

Hypothesis: Roads in the US have been paved with materials that include asphalt/bitumen since at least 1870, when a street in front of the Newark, NJ City Hall was paved.


Premise: What collapsed during the tornado

Hypothesis: In 1674, only two years after the French left, the centre of Utrecht was struck by a tornado.


Premise: What do critics usually call these lawyers?

Hypothesis: When this outsourced litigator appears to have no intention of taking any copyright infringement cases to trial, but rather only takes them just far enough through the legal system to identify and exact settlements from suspected infringers, critics commonly refer to the party as a "copyright troll.


Premise: How did George W. Bush describe Kanye's controversial statement?

Hypothesis: Bush stated in an interview that the comment was "one of the most disgusting moments" of his presidency.


Premise: What capabilities were cut to the entire Sichuan area?

Hypothesis: Immediately after the earthquake event, mobile and terrestrial telecommunications were cut to the affected and surrounding area, with all internet capabilities cut to the Sichuan area too.


Premise: The Dominican Order in England was controlled by who?

Hypothesis: The English Province was a component of the international order from which it obtained its laws, direction, and instructions.


Premise: What is the name of the standard related to the materials used in solar water heaters?

Hypothesis: For example, ISO 9050 relates to glass in building while ISO 10217 relates to the materials used in solar water heaters.


Premise: What type of devotee was Pope Paul VI?

Hypothesis: Paul VI was a Marian devotee, speaking repeatedly to Marian congresses and mariological meetings, visiting Marian shrines and issuing three Marian encyclicals.


Premise: What does he call the merging of economic, political and technological forces that drove the music industry?

Hypothesis: He argues that the industry at the time was undergoing artificial expansion, what he describes as a "'perfect bubble'—a confluence of economic, political, and technological forces that drove the aggregate value of music sales to unprecedented heights at the end of the twentieth century".


Premise: What significantly increased the magnates wealth?

Hypothesis: Often, those gifts were only temporary leases, which the magnates never returned (in the 16th century, the anti-magnate opposition among szlachta was known as the ruch egzekucji praw—movement for execution of the laws—which demanded that all such possessions are returned to their proper owner, the king).


Premise: What lab association did Bell and Tainter both eventually join?

Hypothesis: Bell and his assistant Charles Sumner Tainter jointly invented a wireless telephone, named a photophone, which allowed for the transmission of both sounds and normal human conversations on a beam of light.


Premise: WHat does NSTEMI stand for?

Hypothesis: Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes.


Premise: Which contestant was surprisingly eliminated during the week of the top four?

Hypothesis: He was eliminated at the top four in a shocking result.


Premise: In which year did Hungary attempt to leave the Warsaw Pact?

Hypothesis: Soviet forces crushed the nationwide revolt, leading to the death of an estimated 2,500 Hungarian citizens.


Premise: When did Madonna and Beatty's relationship end?

Hypothesis: In response, Madonna said, "The tour in no way hurts anybody's sentiments.


Premise: In October 2010, who was the Nobel laureate that explained how the U.S. Federal Reserve was creating currency to combat the liquidity trap?

Hypothesis: In October 2010, Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz explained how the U.S. Federal Reserve was implementing another monetary policy —creating currency— as a method to combat the liquidity trap.


Premise: Which region of Iraq do the Shi'a live in?

Hypothesis: Following the ceasefire agreement that suspended hostilities (but not officially ended) in the 1991 Gulf War, the United States and its allies instituted and began patrolling Iraqi no-fly zones, to protect Iraq's Kurdish and Shi'a Arab population—both of which suffered attacks from the Hussein regime before and after the Gulf War—in Iraq's northern and southern regions, respectively.


Premise: What is the study of the chemicals that plants produce?

Hypothesis: Phytochemistry is a branch of plant biochemistry primarily concerned with the chemical substances produced by plants during secondary metabolism.


Premise: Which government awards the Legion of Honour and the National Order of Merit?

Hypothesis: 21 decorations were from Yugoslavia itself, 18 having been awarded once, and the Order of the National Hero on three occasions.


Premise: What percentage of people executed in the United States since 1976 have been African American?

Hypothesis: (They have made up 34 percent of those actually executed since 1976.)


Premise: Who filled the judges spot vacated by Paula Abdul on season nine of American Idol?

Hypothesis: Ellen DeGeneres joined as a judge to replace Paula Abdul at the start of Hollywood Week.


Premise: Which green food coloring is known to cause hyperactivity, asthma, urticaria, and insomnia?

Hypothesis: Green S (E142) is prohibited in many countries, for it is known to cause hyperactivity, asthma, urticaria, and insomnia.


Premise: What man was Gladstone blamed for after his death at Khartoum?

Hypothesis: She thought his government was "the worst I have ever had", and blamed him for the death of General Gordon at Khartoum.


Premise: What department stores merged to form Macy's?

Hypothesis: Boston is an intellectual, technological, and political center but has lost some important regional institutions, including the acquisition of The Boston Globe by The New York Times, and the loss to mergers and acquisitions of local financial institutions such as FleetBoston Financial, which was acquired by Charlotte-based Bank of America in 2004.


Premise: What dynasty ruled Neustria?

Hypothesis: The Frankish kingdom in northern Gaul split into kingdoms called Austrasia, Neustria, and Burgundy during the 6th and 7th centuries, all of them ruled by the Merovingian dynasty, who were descended from Clovis.


Premise: What is the population of the city?

Hypothesis: It is also one of the fastest-growing cities in the country.


Premise: Who was the ruler of Ghazni?

Hypothesis: After the Battle of Peshawar, he committed suicide because his subjects thought he had brought disaster and disgrace to the Shahi dynasty.


Premise: What person was the Director of the Science Museum at Notre Dame in the late 19th century?

Hypothesis: Father Joseph Carrier, C.S.C. was Director of the Science Museum and the Library and Professor of Chemistry and Physics until 1874.


Premise: What year did the Haddon House open?

Hypothesis: By this time, they were under the same ownership and merged into the Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel, becoming the city's largest hotel with nearly 1,000 rooms.


Premise: What shifted depending on the locus investigated?

Hypothesis: Hammer et al. found that the degree of genetic similarity among Jews shifted depending on the locus investigated, and suggested that this was the result of natural selection acting on particular loci.


Premise: What did the United States of Venezuela incorporate?

Hypothesis: In this Federation, each State had a "President" of its own that controlled almost every issue, even the creation of "State Armies," while the Federal Army was required to obtain presidential permission to enter any given state.


Premise: How have many historians described Napoleon's foreign policy ambitions?

Hypothesis: Many historians have concluded that he had grandiose foreign policy ambitions.


Premise: What were non-Muslims also known as in the Islamic Ottoman State?

Hypothesis: Also, as the largest group of non-Muslim subjects (or zimmi) of the Islamic Ottoman state, the Orthodox millet was granted a number of special privileges in the fields of politics and commerce, and had to pay higher taxes than Muslim subjects.


Premise: What influence does Egypt have?

Hypothesis: Later elections saw the rise of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was ousted by the army a year later amid mass protests.


Premise: Reservations are generally permitted so long as they are not what?

Hypothesis: While some treaties still expressly forbid any reservations, they are now generally permitted to the extent that they are not inconsistent with the goals and purposes of the treaty.


Premise: Who designed the house for the Duke of Buckingham?

Hypothesis: Sheffield's leasehold on the mulberry garden site, the freehold of which was still owned by the royal family, was due to expire in 1774.


Premise: Which century was the first writing from?

Hypothesis: Davies identifies Paine's The Age of Reason as "the link between the two major narratives of what Jean-François Lyotard calls the narrative of legitimation": the rationalism of the 18th-century Philosophes and the radical, historically based German 19th-century Biblical criticism of the Hegelians David Friedrich Strauss and Ludwig Feuerbach.


Premise: Where does RAdio Gaalkacyo operate from?

Hypothesis: Additionally, the Somaliland region in the northwest has one government-operated radio station.


Premise: In what year did Kanye West's mother pass away?

Hypothesis: West's life took a different direction when his mother, Donda West, died of complications from cosmetic surgery involving abdominoplasty and breast reduction in November 2007.


Premise: The book's availablity increased through inclusion in what book service?

Hypothesis: Despite her editors' warnings that the book might not sell well, it quickly became a sensation, bringing acclaim to Lee in literary circles, in her hometown of Monroeville, and throughout Alabama.


Premise: Chopin's polonaise often have what kind of rhythm in their melodies?

Hypothesis: As with the traditional polonaise, Chopin's works are in triple time and typically display a martial rhythm in their melodies, accompaniments and cadences.


Premise: Lee's notes to whom help disclaim this rumor?

Hypothesis: Extensive notes between Lee and her editor at Lippincott also refute the rumor of Capote's authorship.


Premise: What does midho mean in English?

Hypothesis: Somali songs are usually the product of collaboration between lyricists (midho), songwriters (lahan) and singers ('odka or "voice").


Premise: What USB version is Windows 8 compatible with?

Hypothesis: Windows 8 added support for USB 3.0, Advanced Format hard drives, near field communications, and cloud computing.


Premise: Who executed a massive offensive and succeeded in breaking through German lines?

Hypothesis: On 12 September 1944, King Peter II called on all Yugoslavs to come together under Tito's leadership and stated that those who did not were "traitors", by which time Tito was recognized by all Allied authorities (including the government-in-exile) as the Prime Minister of Yugoslavia, in addition to commander-in-chief of the Yugoslav forces.


Premise: Who manufactured Nigeria's second satellite?

Hypothesis: NigeriaSat-2, Nigeria's second satellite, was built as a high-resolution earth satellite by Surrey Space Technology Limited, a United Kingdom-based satellite technology company.


Premise: What book specifically for the use of priests was printed in Estonian?

Hypothesis: An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637.


Premise: When did anthropologists stop looking for cultures far away and instead began to "look across the tracks"?

Hypothesis: For example, the classic of urban anthropology, Ulf Hannerz in the introduction to his seminal Exploring the City: Inquiries Toward an Urban Anthropology mentions that the "Third World" had habitually received most of attention; anthropologists who traditionally specialized in "other cultures" looked for them far away and started to look "across the tracks" only in late 1960s.


Premise: From what country did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben come from?

Hypothesis: A number of European soldiers came on their own to help, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, who taught the army Prussian tactics and organizational skills.


Premise: When did Bernard of Clairvaux die?

Hypothesis: These new orders were formed in response to the feeling of the laity that Benedictine monasticism no longer met the needs of the laymen, who along with those wishing to enter the religious life wanted a return to the simpler hermetical monasticism of early Christianity, or to live an Apostolic life.


Premise: Why couldn't each moment of each person's life be given a different proper name?

Hypothesis: After all, each moment of each person's life can hardly be given a different proper name, and it is easy and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things, rather than constantly keeping in mind that each thing is a different thing from what it was a moment ago.


Premise: Which parts of a plant do systemic pesticides generally attack?

Hypothesis: A systemic pesticide moves inside a plant following absorption by the plant.


Premise: What are ogives?

Hypothesis: Ogives are alternating wave crests and valleys that appear as dark and light bands of ice on glacier surfaces.


Premise: Which station is ran by Bay City Television?

Hypothesis: Due to the ratio of U.S. and Mexican-licensed stations, San Diego is the largest media market in the United States that is legally unable to support a television station duopoly between two full-power stations under FCC regulations, which disallow duopolies in metropolitan areas with fewer than nine full-power television stations and require that there must be eight unique station owners that remain once a duopoly is formed (there are only seven full-power stations on the California side of the San Diego-Tijuana market).[citation needed]


Premise: When did Austria and Prussia go to war?

Hypothesis: In 1866, the feud between Austria and Prussia finally came to a head.


Premise: How long was Lord Sailsbury Prime Minister?

Hypothesis: Salisbury remained prime minister for the remainder of Victoria's reign.


Premise: Who dominated politics after 1435?

Hypothesis: The minister family Rinpungpa, based in Tsang (West Central Tibet), dominated politics after 1435.


Premise: What does 'everted' mean?

Hypothesis: Many polychaetes have a muscular pharynx that can be everted (turned inside out to extend it).


Premise: What year is considered to be the beginning of the Scientific Revolution?

Hypothesis: The Scientific Revolution is traditionally held by most historians to have begun in 1543, when the books De humani corporis fabrica (On the Workings of the Human Body) by Andreas Vesalius, and also De Revolutionibus, by the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus, were first printed.


Premise: How many rooms were in the merged Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel?

Hypothesis: By this time, they were under the same ownership and merged into the Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel, becoming the city's largest hotel with nearly 1,000 rooms.


Premise: What is the average snowfall in Oklahoma near the Colorado border?

Hypothesis: Snowfall ranges from an average of less than 4 inches (10 cm) in the south to just over 20 inches (51 cm) on the border of Colorado in the panhandle.


Premise: How much money did the US loan to Britain after WW2?

Hypothesis: Britain was left essentially bankrupt, with insolvency only averted in 1946 after the negotiation of a $US 4.33 billion loan (US$56 billion in 2012) from the United States, the last instalment of which was repaid in 2006.


Premise: When was the Pashupatinath Temple built?

Hypothesis: The Pashupatinath Temple is a famous 5th century Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva (Pashupati).


Premise: How much had Spectre made in its first month in China?

Hypothesis: It grossed a total of $84.7 million there after four weekends.


Premise: What denomination of Christianity is common in the western part of southern Europe?

Hypothesis: Due to the historical break of the Christian Church into the western half based in Rome and the eastern half based in Constantinople, different branches of Christianity are prodominent in different parts of Europe.


Premise: What is the old royal sports hall now called?

Hypothesis: Nearby is the old royal sports hall, now called the Ballhof theatre.


Premise: When was Kerry's appointment confirmed?

Hypothesis: The committee unanimously voted to approve him on January 29, 2013, and the same day the full Senate confirmed him on a vote of 94–3.


Premise: Who is the chief vote counter for party?

Hypothesis: The Chief Deputy Whip is the primary assistant to the whip, who is the chief vote counter for his or her party.


Premise: Which of Apple's programming languages allowed users to ceatively manipulate LaserDiscs?

Hypothesis: Apple's HyperCard scripting language provided Macintosh computer users with a means to design databases of slides, animation, video and sounds from LaserDiscs and then to create interfaces for users to play specific content from the disc through software called LaserStacks.


Premise: What Spartan mercenary helped reform Carthage's military?

Hypothesis: After their defeat in the first Punic war, Carthage hired a Spartan mercenary captain, Xanthippus of Carthage to reform their military forces.


Premise: In what ceremonial county is Southampton located?

Hypothesis: Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest.


Premise: What happens when the site attachment is made?

Hypothesis: Once the site attachment is made they show high site-fidelity, visiting the same wintering sites year after year.


Premise: How many enumeration areas are there in Namibia?

Hypothesis: For enumeration purposes the country is demarcated into 4,042 enumeration areas.


Premise: What is La Encantada?

Hypothesis: La Encantada, an upscale outdoor shopping mall, is also in the Foothills.


Premise: What caused Victoria's rheumatism?

Hypothesis: On 17 March 1883, she fell down some stairs at Windsor, which left her lame until July; she never fully recovered and was plagued with rheumatism thereafter.


Premise: What Richmond street art gathering has brought mural artists to the city?

Hypothesis: Both festivals are expected to continue this year with artists such as Ron English slated to produce work.


Premise: What year saw the death of Gundobad?

Hypothesis: When the line of western emperors ceased, many of the kings who replaced them were from the same background.


Premise: What type financial instruments are off-balance sheet securitization and derivatives?

Hypothesis: These instruments also made it virtually impossible to reorganize financial institutions in bankruptcy, and contributed to the need for government bailouts.


Premise: What kind of sound did students seem to prefer?

Hypothesis: Berger said the students seem to prefer the 'sizzle' sounds that MP3s bring to music.


Premise: What made digimon different from similar digital pets?

Hypothesis: Digimon started out as digital pets called "Digital Monsters", similar in style and concept to the Tamagotchi.


Premise: How do burrowing marine annelids help ocean ecosystems?

Hypothesis: The burrowing of marine polychaetes, which may constitute up to a third of all species in near-shore environments, encourages the development of ecosystems by enabling water and oxygen to penetrate the sea floor.


Premise: What nations are sometimes included in the scope of southern Europe?

Hypothesis: Some definitions of southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include the countries of the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Italian peninsula, southern France and Greece.


Premise: Are public displays allowed for the celebration of religion in Myanmar ?

Hypothesis: Festivals can be held on a grand scale.


Premise: What is the name of the kingdom that became dominant along the coastline of Myanmar?

Hypothesis: In the west, a politically fragmented Arakan was under competing influences of its stronger neighbours until the Kingdom of Mrauk U unified the Arakan coastline for the first time in 1437.


Premise: Which singer did Beyoncé portray in Cadillac Records?

Hypothesis: She played Sharon Charles, a mother and wife who learns of a woman's obsessive behavior over her husband.


Premise: Which city in Sichuan is known for its metallurgical industries?

Hypothesis: Deyang, Panzhihua, and Yibin are the production centers for machinery, metallurgical industries, and wine, respectively.


Premise: What groups are called Vlachs?

Hypothesis: Members of these groups ethnically identify as Greeks and are today all at least bilingual in Greek.


Premise: What is the IrDA?

Hypothesis: IR does not penetrate walls and so does not interfere with other devices in adjoining rooms.


Premise: Which two groups are examples of Muslims who advocate a very literal reading of the Quran?

Hypothesis: Commentators with an esoteric slant believe that the ultimate meaning of the Quran is known only to God.


Premise: What were the nobles named in lithuanian?

Hypothesis: In the Lithuanian language nobles were named ponai.


Premise: Glial cells are also referred to as what?

Hypothesis: Glial cells (also known as glia or neuroglia) come in several types, and perform a number of critical functions, including structural support, metabolic support, insulation, and guidance of development.


Premise: How does flagellum function within the cell?

Hypothesis: The bacterial flagella is the best-understood motility structure in any organism and is made of about 20 proteins, with approximately another 30 proteins required for its regulation and assembly.


Premise: In what year did the Congress of Erfurt take place?

Hypothesis: In 1808, Napoleon and Czar Alexander met at the Congress of Erfurt to preserve the Russo-French alliance.


Premise: What year was the Jenkins Orphanage created?

Hypothesis: William "Cat" Anderson, Jabbo Smith, and Freddie Green are but a few of the alumni from the Jenkins Orphanage band who became professional musicians in some of the best bands of the day.


Premise: What happened to Georgian politics as a result of the attack?

Hypothesis: This event radicalized Georgian politics, prompting many to conclude that independence was preferable to continued Soviet rule.


Premise: What is the focus of the Nauru Agreement?

Hypothesis: The treaty is an extension of the Nauru Agreement and provides for US flagged purse seine vessels to fish 8,300 days in the region in return for a payment of US$90 million made up by tuna fishing industry and US-Government contributions.


Premise: Hyderabadi is a type of what langauge?

Hypothesis: Hadhrami Arabs, African Arabs, Armenians, Abyssinians, Iranians, Pathans and Turkish people are also present; these communities, of which the Hadhrami are the largest, declined after Hyderabad State became part of the Indian Union, as they lost the patronage of the Nizams.


Premise: What group gave Paul VI his Papal tiara?

Hypothesis: He was the last pope to date to be crowned; his successor Pope John Paul I replaced the Papal Coronation (which Paul had already substantially modified, but which he left mandatory in his 1975 apostolic constitution Romano Pontifici Eligendo) with a Papal Inauguration.


Premise: During what years was the Russo-Turkish war?

Hypothesis: This action provoked the Ottoman Empire into the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774.


Premise: Who appointed Washington to serve as commander in chief?

Hypothesis: The Continental Congress appointed George Washington as commander-in-chief of the newly created Continental Army, which was augmented throughout the war by colonial militia.


Premise: Who were considered more reliable witnesses than the Oxfordshire peasants?

Hypothesis: However, not just any witness was considered to be credible; "Oxford professors were accounted more reliable witnesses than Oxfordshire peasants.


Premise: What are the three constituents of the medical center at KU?

Hypothesis: The Medical Center also offers four year instruction at the Wichita campus, and features a medical school campus in Salina, Kansas that is devoted to rural health care.


Premise: Who was now able to join military service in 107 BC?

Hypothesis: In 107 BC, all citizens, regardless of their wealth or social class, were made eligible for entry into the Roman army.


Premise: When did Barcelona win a Copa del Rey and La Liga double?

Hypothesis: Like Maradona, Ronaldo only stayed a short time before he left for Internazionale.


Premise: What type of detector did H.J. Round use to help him in his discovery?

Hypothesis: Electroluminescence as a phenomenon was discovered in 1907 by the British experimenter H. J. Round of Marconi Labs, using a crystal of silicon carbide and a cat's-whisker detector.


Premise: What natural features compose Bermuda?

Hypothesis: Bermuda is a group of low-forming volcanoes located in the Atlantic Ocean, near the western edge of the Sargasso Sea, roughly 578 nautical miles (1,070 km (665 mi))


Premise: What polymer is a major part of wood?

Hypothesis: Lignin is also used in other cell types like sclerenchyma fibers that provide structural support for a plant and is a major constituent of wood.


Premise: What aspect or type of identity does Weinreich single out?

Hypothesis: A psychological identity relates to self-image (one's mental model of oneself), self-esteem, and individuality.


Premise: What sorts of telescopes completely avoid water vapor in Earth's atmosphere?

Hypothesis: Space telescopes do not suffer from this handicap, and so outer space is considered the ideal location for infrared astronomy.


Premise: Who wrote that Moses had lost the Moses in himself along the way to his encounter with God?

Hypothesis: Moses, in 7:143, comes the way of those who are in love, he asks for a vision but his desire is denied, he is made to suffer by being commanded to look at other than the Beloved while the mountain is able to see God.


Premise: What parts of the Bronx have more hills?

Hypothesis: The West Bronx has older apartment buildings, low income public housing complexes, multifamily homes in its lower income areas as well as larger single family homes in more affluent areas such as Riverdale and Fieldston.


Premise: Article 23, before it was rephrased allowed what?

Hypothesis: Article 23, which had allowed "any other parts of Germany" to join, was rephrased.


Premise: What were landowners also known as that had a right to decide which religion was allowed on their property?

Hypothesis: Landowners, who as "local lords" had the right to decide which religion was allowed on their land, were eager to entice populations from the more attractive lowlands to settle and develop their property.


Premise: Valencia has the largest port on which coast?

Hypothesis: Small and medium-sized industries are an important part of the local economy, and before the current crisis unemployment was lower than the Spanish average.


Premise: In what year was construction on the Flinders Street Station completed?

Hypothesis: The city is recognised for its mix of modern architecture which intersects with an extensive range of nineteenth and early twentieth century buildings.


Premise: Where does snow fall in Egypt?

Hypothesis: Most of Egypt's rain falls in the winter months.


Premise: What date did Saint FM Community Radio launch?

Hypothesis: Membership is open to everyone, and grants access to a live audio stream.


Premise: In the 1997-98 season how many new teams had to go back to the Football League?

Hypothesis: In every season except 2001–02 and 2011–12, at least one Premier League newcomer has been relegated back to the Football League.


Premise: In what year did Everton take 7,000 travelling fans with them to an away game?

Hypothesis: The club implements a loyalty points scheme offering the first opportunity to purchase away tickets to season ticket holders who have attended the most away matches.


Premise: What year saw a rules change that had an impact on the role of the "jack" linebacker?

Hypothesis: And in 2008, the "jack" linebacker was allowed to go sideboard to sideboard without being penalized for "illegal defense".


Premise: Which district surrounds Columbia University?

Hypothesis: Seminary row runs in Morningside Heights, the district surrounding Columbia University, and crosses portions of Broadway and Claremont Avenue.


Premise: What is the most current HDTV system development?

Hypothesis: The ongoing competition between companies and nations to create true "HDTV" spanned the entire 20th century, as each new system became more HD than the last.


Premise: In addition to calendaring programs, what kind of programs were most impacted by the changes?

Hypothesis: For example, the 2007 change to DST rules in North America required many computer systems to be upgraded, with the greatest impact on email and calendaring programs; the upgrades consumed a significant effort by corporate information technologists.


Premise: Why did Zeus strike down Asclepius with a lightning bolt?

Hypothesis: When Zeus struck down Apollo's son Asclepius with a lightning bolt for resurrecting Hippolytus from the dead (transgressing Themis by stealing Hades's subjects), Apollo in revenge killed the Cyclopes, who had fashioned the bolt for Zeus.


Premise: Which form of government did Galicia start using in 1975

Hypothesis: The Bloque Nacionalista Galego or BNG, is a conglomerate of left-wing parties and individuals that claims Galician political status as a nation.


Premise: Who shared the first homosexual kiss on EastEnders?

Hypothesis: Television personality Piers Morgan, a former editor of the Daily Mirror and of The Sun's Bizarre pop column, has said that during the late 1980s, at Kelvin MacKenzie's behest, he was ordered to speculate on the sexuality of male pop stars for a feature headlined "The Poofs of Pop".


Premise: How large is the Alexandria Center for Life Science in square meters?

Hypothesis: On December 19, 2011, then Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced his choice of Cornell University and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology to build a US$2 billion graduate school of applied sciences called Cornell Tech on Roosevelt Island with the goal of transforming New York City into the world's premier technology capital.


Premise: In what century did Hegel write?

Hypothesis: Beginning with Immanuel Kant, German idealists such as G. W. F. Hegel, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, and Arthur Schopenhauer dominated 19th-century philosophy.


Premise: Where was a cable link located that connected the Southside Halls of residence?

Hypothesis: The department had bought an early AMPEX Type A 1-inch videotape recorder and this was used to produce an occasional short news programme which was then played to students by simply moving the VTR and a monitor into a common room.


Premise: What area is given to be the nesting point of a small group of pagans by a infamous philosopher from Greek ?

Hypothesis: Homer refers to the "Hellenes" (/ˈhɛliːnz/) as a relatively small tribe settled in Thessalic Phthia, with its warriors under the command of Achilleus.


Premise: What two levels equal a federation?

Hypothesis: Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities.


Premise: Lord Macaulay thought Burke was the best author since whom?

Hypothesis: The greatest man since Milton".


Premise: When did this earthquake occur?

Hypothesis: (The Ms 6.1 earthquake on August 30, 2008 in southern Sichuan was not part of this series because it was caused by a different fault.


Premise: What Caridinal had powers so great that he basically ran France?

Hypothesis: In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government.


Premise: Although two men developed the Auto-Sembly process, to whom was the patent officially granted?

Hypothesis: With the development of board lamination and etching techniques, this concept evolved into the standard printed circuit board fabrication process in use today.


Premise: What are some controversies that have shaped Baptists?

Hypothesis: In his opinion crises among Baptists each have become decision-moments that shaped their future.


Premise: To what age did Passos Coelho increase the retirement age?

Hypothesis: Passos Coelho also announced that the retirement age will be increased from 65 to 66, announced cuts in the pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses, abolished the English obligatory classes in Basic Education, but kept the pensions of the judges, diplomats untouched and didn't raise the retirement age of the military and police forces.


Premise: POJ alphabet has been used since late in what century?

Hypothesis: The use of a mixed script of Han characters and Latin letters is also seen, though remains uncommon.


Premise: Where are regulations published?

Hypothesis: Many statutes give executive branch agencies the power to create regulations, which are published in the Federal Register and codified into the Code of Federal Regulations.


Premise: How many government-owned public institutes of technology does Indonesia have?

Hypothesis: There are four public institutes of technology in Indonesia that owned by the government of Indonesia.