Premise: How many kilometres do the Alps stretch?

Hypothesis: The Alps (/ælps/; Italian: Alpi [ˈalpi]; French: Alpes [alp]; German: Alpen [ˈʔalpm̩]; Slovene: Alpe [ˈáːlpɛ]) are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) across eight Alpine countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Slovenia, and Switzerland.


Premise: At what team's game was an announcement by the AFL supposed to happen on October 30?

Hypothesis: An expected "big announcement" on Friday, October 30 at a San Antonio Spurs game never came to fruition.


Premise: When was the Han Dynasty?

Hypothesis: The earliest, colloquial stratum is traced to the Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE); the second colloquial one comes from the period of the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420 - 589 CE); the third stratum of pronunciations (typically literary ones) comes from the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE) and is based on the prestige dialect of Chang'an (modern day Xi'an), its capital.


Premise: What is the name of the largest mosaics in Italy?

Hypothesis: The iconography of the mosaics in the presbytery is similar to Cefalu while the pictures in the nave are almost the same as the narrative scenes in the Cappella Palatina.


Premise: What was the secret code name for Kinect while in development?

Hypothesis: It was first announced on June 1, 2009 at the Electronic Entertainment Expo, under the codename, Project Natal.


Premise: What two levels equal a federation?

Hypothesis: Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, "free municipality") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions.


Premise: Who put together a report about the Armenian Genocide?

Hypothesis: According to the research conducted by Arnold J. Toynbee, an estimated 600,000 Armenians died during deportation from 1915–16).


Premise: Which political division does not often utilize its power, if it has any?

Hypothesis: In parliamentary systems, governments are generally required to have the confidence of the lower house of parliament (though a small minority of parliaments, by giving a right to block supply to upper houses, in effect make the cabinet responsible to both houses, though in reality upper houses, even when they have the power, rarely exercise it).


Premise: What religious festival is also known as the festival of light?

Hypothesis: Religious festivals include Diwali (the festival of light), Maha Shivaratri, Teej, Guru Nanak Jayanti, Baisakhi, Durga Puja, Holi, Lohri, Eid ul-Fitr, Eid ul-Adha, Christmas, Chhath Puja and Mahavir Jayanti.


Premise: Which official would wear a garment containing broad red striping?

Hypothesis: Senators wore tunics with broad red stripes, called tunica laticlavia.


Premise: Protestants hold that Mary had what relationship to Jesus?

Hypothesis: Within these views, Roman Catholic beliefs and practices are at times rejected, e.g., theologian Karl Barth wrote that "the heresy of the Catholic Church is its Mariology".


Premise: What demonstrated equipment controlled by computers not connected to the internet can also be vulnerable?

Hypothesis: The Internet is a potential attack vector for such machines if connected, but the Stuxnet worm demonstrated that even equipment controlled by computers not connected to the Internet can be vulnerable to physical damage caused by malicious commands sent to industrial equipment (in that case uranium enrichment centrifuges) which are infected via removable media.


Premise: How many  reduced unstressed are vowels are there in Central Catalan?

Hypothesis: The other dialects have different vowel reduction processes (see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article).


Premise: According to Einsteins two relativity theories, the concept of time depends on what?

Hypothesis: According to these theories, the concept of time depends on the spatial reference frame of the observer, and the human perception as well as the measurement by instruments such as clocks are different for observers in relative motion.


Premise: Which continent has similar plant and animal life as the British Isles?

Hypothesis: Animal and plant life is similar to that of the northwestern European continent.


Premise: The Erfurt Convention recognized the Russian takeover of which formerly Swedish possession?

Hypothesis: The two sides reached an agreement, the Erfurt Convention, that called upon Britain to cease its war against France, that recognized the Russian conquest of Finland from Sweden, and that affirmed Russian support for France in a possible war against Austria "to the best of its ability.


Premise: Who did Robert Peel want to replace the ladies of the bedchamber with, instead of wives of Whigs?

Hypothesis: Many of the Queen's ladies of the bedchamber were wives of Whigs, and Peel expected to replace them with wives of Tories.


Premise: With what channel did ITV Westcountry merge?

Hypothesis: The main local newspapers serving Plymouth are The Herald and Western Morning News with Radio Plymouth , BBC Radio Devon, Heart South West , and Pirate FM being the main local radio stations.


Premise: Who referred to acts of genocide in 1941?

Hypothesis: The word genocide was not in use before 1944.


Premise: What did Boeing separate from its headquarters facilities?

Hypothesis: Seattle remained the corporate headquarters of Boeing until 2001, when the company separated its headquarters from its major production facilities; the headquarters were moved to Chicago.


Premise: When was Thomas Jefferson's Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom enacted?

Hypothesis: In 1773, Isaac Backus, a prominent Baptist minister in New England, wrote against a state sanctioned religion, saying: "Now who can hear Christ declare, that his kingdom is, not of this world, and yet believe that this blending of church and state together can be pleasing to him?"


Premise: What institute at Notre Dame studies  the reasons for violent conflict?

Hypothesis: The institute was inspired by the vision of the Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh CSC, President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame.


Premise: What name did Paul Ehrenfest give to the proofs from Einstein and Rayleigh & Jeans?

Hypothesis: These proofs are commonly known as the "ultraviolet catastrophe", a name coined by Paul Ehrenfest in 1911.


Premise: Which two parts did Terry v. Ohio divide seizure into?

Hypothesis: In Terry v. Ohio (1968) the court divided seizure into two parts, the investigatory stop and arrest.


Premise: What is the general opinion of Whitehead in most philosophical schools?

Hypothesis: Deleuze's and Latour's opinions, however, are minority ones, as Whitehead has not been recognized as particularly influential within the most dominant philosophical schools.


Premise: Controversy regarding these accusations has caused conflict with how many presidential administrations?

Hypothesis: Controversies regarding these claims have resulted in a sometimes shaky relationship between the organization and three presidential administrations, that of Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush, withholding funding from the UNFPA.


Premise: About what percentage is New York City's population of the New York metropolitan area's population?

Hypothesis: New York City is the most-populous city in the United States, with an estimated record high of 8,491,079 residents as of 2014, incorporating more immigration into the city than outmigration since the 2010 United States Census.


Premise: Who said "then art dissapeared"?

Hypothesis: Pliny the Elder, after having described the sculpture of the classical period says: Cessavit deinde ars ("then art disappeared").


Premise: When a solution of metallic zinc is cooled in molten ZnCl2, what is formed?

Hypothesis: The [Zn2]2+ ion rapidly disproportionates into zinc metal and zinc(II), and has only been obtained as a yellow glass formed by cooling a solution of metallic zinc in molten ZnCl2.


Premise: Whom did Lee base the characters in To Kill a Mockingbird on?

Hypothesis: The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old.


Premise: In 1203, what area was a stronghold of the Cathar?

Hypothesis: In 1203, Dominic joined Prior Diego de Acebo on an embassy to Denmark for the monarchy of Spain, to arrange the marriage between the son of King Alfonso VIII of Castile and a niece of King Valdemar II of Denmark.


Premise: Who were the bushi class?

Hypothesis: Bushi was the name given to the ancient Japanese soldiers from traditional warrior families.


Premise: How are the different cells formed?

Hypothesis: A single fertilized egg cell, the zygote, gives rise to the many different plant cell types including parenchyma, xylem vessel elements, phloem sieve tubes, guard cells of the epidermis, etc.


Premise: On what day did the 1975 constitutional crisis deadlock end?

Hypothesis: The deadlock came to an end when the Whitlam government was dismissed by the Governor-General, Sir John Kerr on 11 November 1975 and Fraser was installed as caretaker Prime Minister, pending an election.


Premise: What did Humboldtian science aim to do?

Hypothesis: Humboldtian science refers to the early 19th century approach of combining scientific field work with the age of Romanticism sensitivity, ethics and aesthetic ideals.


Premise: What type of receptors does the brain lack?

Hypothesis: Recordings of brain activity can be made using electrodes, either glued to the scalp as in EEG studies, or implanted inside the brains of animals for extracellular recordings, which can detect action potentials generated by individual neurons.


Premise: When did the Seljuk Empire experience it's decline?

Hypothesis: The Seljuk Empire soon started to collapse.


Premise: By what year had the situation in Europe cool down enough so that Joao VI would have been able to safely return to Lisbon?

Hypothesis: Portuguese and their allied British troops fought against the French Invasion of Portugal and by 1815 the situation in Europe had cooled down sufficiently that João VI would have been able to return safely to Lisbon.


Premise: What elements does the structure of a gene consist of?

Hypothesis: These include DNA regions that are not transcribed as well as untranslated regions of the RNA.


Premise: What are some of the local jargon used in Greek speaking?

Hypothesis: Yevanic is the language of the Romaniotes, and survives in small communities in Greece, New York and Israel.


Premise: During the speech, Truman made the statement that each man should be guaranteed what?

Hypothesis: According to his speech, America had "reached a turning point in the long history of our country's efforts to guarantee freedom and equality to all our citizens…


Premise: What war was 'Saving Private Ryan' about?

Hypothesis: Miller (Tom Hanks) sent to bring home a paratrooper whose three older brothers were killed in the same twenty-four hours, June 5–6, of the Normandy landing.


Premise: What chemical compound comprises 5% to 15% of the dry weight of bacterial spores?

Hypothesis: It is implicated as responsible for the heat resistance of the endospore.


Premise: In what year was the "Knowledge corridor high speed intercity passenger rail" slated for construction?

Hypothesis: The vision for this corridor is to restore the alignment to its original route via the Knowledge Corridor in western Massachusetts, improving trip time and increasing the population base that can be served.


Premise: In what form is uranium most often used as fuel for nuclear reactors?

Hypothesis: Because of their stability, uranium oxides are generally considered the preferred chemical form for storage or disposal.


Premise: When did satellite test broadcasts of Hi-Vision start?

Hypothesis: Satellite test broadcasts started in 1989, with regular testing starting in 1991 and regular broadcasting of BS-9ch commencing on November 25, 1994, which featured commercial and NHK programming.


Premise: Why were these neighborhoods created?

Hypothesis: Other difficult areas are located in the Seine valley, in Évry et Corbeil-Essonnes (Essonne), in Mureaux, Mantes-la-Jolie (Yvelines), and scattered among social housing districts created by Delouvrier's 1961 "ville nouvelle" political initiative.


Premise: How many months did the songwriters work on the movie via videoconferencing?

Hypothesis: In the increasingly globalized film industry, videoconferencing has become useful as a method by which creative talent in many different locations can collaborate closely on the complex details of film production.


Premise: Is Chinese a required or non-curriculum course?

Hypothesis: From the latter part of the 19th century this curriculum has changed and broadened: for example, there are now more than 100 students of Chinese, which is a non-curriculum course.


Premise: What role did Schwarzenegger miss out on because of his height?

Hypothesis: Schwarzenegger auditioned for the title role of The Incredible Hulk, but did not win the role because of his height.


Premise: Which group consist of the most mammals?

Hypothesis: Most mammals, including the six most species-rich orders, belong to the placental group.


Premise: How many square miles are water in NYC?

Hypothesis: The highest point in the city is Todt Hill on Staten Island, which, at 409.8 feet (124.9 m) above sea level, is the highest point on the Eastern Seaboard south of Maine.


Premise: What was the ethnicity of Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling?

Hypothesis: The historical influence of this branch of idealism remains central even to the schools that rejected its metaphysical assumptions, such as Marxism, pragmatism and positivism.


Premise: What was the most important Mahayana centre of learning?

Hypothesis: Mahāyāna centres of learning were established, the most important one being the Nālandā University in north-eastern India.


Premise: What is the refraction index of typical glass?

Hypothesis: Common glass has a refraction index around 1.5.


Premise: Under who's rule did Alsace thrive under?

Hypothesis: Alsace experienced great prosperity during the 12th and 13th centuries under Hohenstaufen emperors.


Premise: Who completed the transepts and nave on Wells Cathedral in about 1230?

Hypothesis: The transepts and nave were continued by Adam Locke in the same style and completed in about 1230.


Premise: What is another term for southern Europe

Hypothesis: Some definitions of southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include the countries of the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Italian peninsula, southern France and Greece.


Premise: How many seats are there?

Hypothesis: This gives the left parties an absolute majority of 46 seats.


Premise: What film was produced by Laemmle in 1934?

Hypothesis: Other Laemmle productions of this period include Imitation of Life (1934) and My Man Godfrey (1936).


Premise: What are the low wattage lamps being replaced with in movie theaters?

Hypothesis: In a movie theater, steps in the aisles are usually marked with a row of small lights for convenience and safety, when the film has started and the other lights are off.


Premise: How many constituencies had run-off elections?

Hypothesis: While most CPSU-endorsed candidates were elected, more than 300 lost to independent candidates such as Yeltsin, physicist Andrei Sakharov and lawyer Anatoly Sobchak.


Premise: How many times has the University of Arizona men's basketball team won NCAA tournaments?

Hypothesis: The University of Arizona Wildcats sports teams, most notably the men's basketball and women's softball teams have strong local interest.


Premise: What drink company ended its relationship with American Idol during season 14?

Hypothesis: On May 11, 2015, prior to the fourteenth season finale, Fox announced that the fifteenth season of American Idol would be its last.


Premise: The policy of supplying arms and war materiel for the Vietnamese to fight their own war was called what?

Hypothesis: With President Richard M. Nixon opposed to containment and more interested in achieving détente with both the Soviet Union and China, American policy shifted to "Vietnamization," – providing very large supplies of arms and letting the Vietnamese fight it out themselves.


Premise: After dropping his mixtape, Kanye revealed the name of his debut album to be what?

Hypothesis: West added that "the album was my medicine", as working on the record distracted him from the pain. "


Premise: What was the name of the first single-chip microprocessor?

Hypothesis: While the subject of exactly which device was the first microprocessor is contentious, partly due to lack of agreement on the exact definition of the term "microprocessor", it is largely undisputed that the first single-chip microprocessor was the Intel 4004, designed and realized by Ted Hoff, Federico Faggin, and Stanley Mazor at Intel.


Premise: What is Seattle's musical genre developed in the 1990s?

Hypothesis: Another bid for worldwide attention—hosting the World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 1999—garnered visibility, but not in the way its sponsors desired, as related protest activity and police reactions to those protests overshadowed the conference itself.


Premise: In which part of Detroit is Mexicantown International Welcome Center?

Hypothesis: Southwest Detroit has experienced a thriving economy in recent years, as evidenced by new housing, increased business openings and the recently opened Mexicantown International Welcome Center.


Premise: Who succeeded Antimachus II?

Hypothesis: Apollodotus I was succeeded by or ruled alongside Antimachus II, likely the son of the Bactrian king Antimachus I.


Premise: What was spilled when the freighter ran aground?

Hypothesis: On 16 March 2011, the freighter MS Oliva ran aground on Nightingale Island, spilling tons of heavy fuel oil into the ocean, leaving an oil slick threatening the island's population of rockhopper penguins.


Premise: How many countries adopted the Sustainable Development Goals?

Hypothesis: In September 2015, the 193 member states of the United Nations unanimously adopted the Sustainable Development Goals, a set of 17 goals aiming to transform the world over the next 15 years.


Premise: Who replaced Vasquez as a finalist?

Hypothesis: Later, an employee of Freemantle Media, which produces the show, sued the company for wrongful termination, claiming that he was dismissed after complaining about lewd behavior by Vazquez toward him during the show.


Premise: According to early texts, where was Siddhārtha Gautama born?

Hypothesis: It was either a small republic, in which case his father was an elected chieftain, or an oligarchy, in which case his father was an oligarch.


Premise: What discipline concerns the way the Quran is correctly recited?

Hypothesis: The proper recitation of the Quran is the subject of a separate discipline named tajwid which determines in detail how the Quran should be recited, how each individual syllable is to be pronounced, the need to pay attention to the places where there should be a pause, to elisions, where the pronunciation should be long or short, where letters should be sounded together and where they should be kept separate, etc.


Premise: When did the Eritrean Liberation Front form?

Hypothesis: Eritrea gained independence following the 1993 referendum, and the name of the new state was defined as State of Eritrea in the 1997 constitution.[citation needed]


Premise: what did the "Jazz Age" usher in?

Hypothesis: In North America, especially the first half of this period, people experienced considerable prosperity in the Roaring Twenties.


Premise: Which President will have two coins with his portrait on it?

Hypothesis: Another unusual fact about the new $1 coin is Grover Cleveland will have two coins with his portrait issued due to the fact he was the only U.S. President to be elected to two non-consecutive terms.


Premise: What official name did the GNC give to Libya?

Hypothesis: In January 2013, the GNC officially renamed the Jamahiriyah as the "State of Libya".


Premise: When did the Trinity Church begin its posting at Bellinshausen station?

Hypothesis: An Orthodox church—Trinity Church, opened in 2004 at the Russian Bellingshausen Station—is manned year-round by one or two priests, who are similarly rotated every year.


Premise: What cut short the Sumerian Renaissance in the 21st century BC?

Hypothesis: Following the Gutian period, there is a brief Sumerian Renaissance in the 21st century BC, cut short in the 20th century BC by Semitic Amorite invasions.


Premise: On what show did Queen announce they would be touring with Adam Lambert?

Hypothesis: In an interview with Rolling Stone, May and Taylor said that although the tour with Lambert is a limited thing, they are open to him becoming an official member, and cutting new material with him.


Premise: What was the process called whereby the leader of Japan stepped down?

Hypothesis: Following its defeat, Japan's Shinto Emperor stepped down as the divine leader through the Shinto Directive, because the Allied Powers believed this was the major political cause of Japan's military aggression and deconstruction process soon took place to install a new liberal-democratic constitution to the Japanese public as the current Constitution of Japan.


Premise: What type of disc was initially used to connect access to Netflix for PS3?

Hypothesis: Initially users had to use a free Blu-ray disc to access the service; however, in October 2010 the requirement to use a disc to gain access was removed.


Premise: Investing capital can increase drug development costs by how much?

Hypothesis: Some of these estimates also take into account the opportunity cost of investing capital many years before revenues are realized (see Time-value of money).


Premise: When did Somerton take over from Ilchester as the county town

Hypothesis: The county has two cities, Bath and Wells, and 30 towns (including the county town of Taunton, which has no town council but instead is the chief settlement of the county's only borough).


Premise: What religion is an example of Protestants killing for conviction of heresy after the Reformation?

Hypothesis: Within six years of the official criminalization of heresy by the Emperor, the first Christian heretic to be executed, Priscillian, was condemned in 386 by Roman secular officials for sorcery, and put to death with four or five followers.


Premise: What is hunted from the back of an elephant?

Hypothesis: Big game, such as Bengal tigers, might be hunted from the back of an elephant.


Premise: What happens to mandolin notes when plucked?

Hypothesis: Like any plucked instrument, mandolin notes decay to silence rather than sound out continuously as with a bowed note on a violin, and mandolin notes decay faster than larger stringed instruments like the guitar.


Premise: What is the name of the deepest bay at St Barts?

Hypothesis: Grande Saline Bay provides temporary anchorage for small vessels while Colombier Bay, to the northwest, has a 4 fathoms patch near mid entrance.


Premise: What is used in infrared photography to capture the near-infrared spectrum?

Hypothesis: In infrared photography, infrared filters are used to capture the near-infrared spectrum.


Premise: What is the official name of the missile test facility?

Hypothesis: The United States Army maintains the Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site on Kwajalein Atoll.


Premise: What year is the video game Digimon Story: Cyber Sleuth set to be released?

Hypothesis: Cyber Sleuth is set for release in 2015 for PlayStation Vita.


Premise: Which direction does la Meridiana run?

Hypothesis: Meridiana on the floor, running precisely N/S.


Premise: What is the name of the modified member of the horn family appearing in several works by Strauss?

Hypothesis: Unless these instruments are played by members doubling on another instrument (for example, a trombone player changing to euphonium for a certain passage), orchestras will use freelance musicians to augment their regular rosters.


Premise: What group are many of Plymouth's marine organizations a part of?

Hypothesis: Together with the National Marine Aquarium, the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences, Plymouth University's Marine Institute and the Diving Diseases Research Centre, these marine-related organisations form the Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership.


Premise: Who banned the Azerbaijani people from Armenia?

Hypothesis: In the autumn of 1988 almost all the 200,000 Azerbaijani minority in Armenia was expelled by Armenian Nationalists, with over 100 killed in the process – this, after the Sumgait pogrom earlier that year carried out by Azerbaijanis against ethnic Armenians and subsequent expulsion of all Armenians from Azerbaijan.


Premise: Corruption raises the cost of business because of illegal payments in what sector?

Hypothesis: Where corruption inflates the cost of business, it also distorts the playing field, shielding firms with connections from competition and thereby sustaining inefficient firms.


Premise: What party regained power in Britain in 1951?

Hypothesis: In 1951, the Conservative Party returned to power in Britain, under the leadership of Winston Churchill.


Premise: When did Isaac Backus write against a state sanctioned religion?

Hypothesis: Thomas Jefferson's influential Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom was enacted in 1786, five years before the Bill of Rights.


Premise: Who wanted to know the moment an anti-german bloc was to form?

Hypothesis: Stalin's invasions were a severe irritant to Berlin, as the intent to accomplish these was not communicated to the Germans beforehand, and prompted concern that Stalin was seeking to form an anti-German bloc.


Premise: When was the digital switchover process completed in the UK?

Hypothesis: The Freeview HD service currently contains 10 HD channels (as of December 2013[update]) and was rolled out region by region across the UK in accordance with the digital switchover process, finally being completed in October 2012.


Premise: The final movement of a classical piece is usually called what?

Hypothesis: These movements can then be further broken down into a hierarchy of smaller units: first sections, then periods, and finally phrases.


Premise: What is the air mass lying above the Sahara?

Hypothesis: The prevailing air mass lying above the Sahara is the continental tropical (cT) air mass which is hot and dry.


Premise: Who claimed these reports as being inaccurate?

Hypothesis: In a BBC interview, the ambassador for Ivory Coast to the United Kingdom called these reports of widespread use of slave child labour by 700,000 cocoa farmers as absurd and inaccurate.


Premise: In what city did West finish recording his first album?

Hypothesis: Carrying a Louis Vuitton backpack filled with old disks and demos to the studio and back, West crafted much of his production for his debut album in less than fifteen minutes at a time.


Premise: How was the Enlightenment known in French?

Hypothesis: The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on reason as the primary source of authority and legitimacy, and came to advance ideals such as liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional government and ending the abuses of the church and state.


Premise: What was Queen's final album featuring Mercury vocals compiled from earlier recordings called?

Hypothesis: The album also featured the song "Mother Love", the last vocal recording Mercury made prior to his death, which he completed using a drum machine, over which


Premise: Who does the Kindlifresserbrunnen scare?

Hypothesis: One of the more interesting fountains is the Kindlifresserbrunnen (Bernese German: Child Eater Fountain but often translated Ogre Fountain) which is claimed to represent a Jew, the Greek god Chronos or a Fastnacht figure that scares disobedient children.


Premise: Where does Mac hardware boot directly to in all Intel-based Macs?

Hypothesis: Now, Mac hardware boots directly from Open Firmware in most PowerPC-based Macs or EFI in all Intel-based Macs.


Premise: What was the first public monumnet acquired in Melbourne in 1864?

Hypothesis: In 1864 Melbourne acquired its first public monument—the Burke and Wills statue.


Premise: What process is done to polish the surface of the paper?

Hypothesis: Coated or uncoated papers may have their surfaces polished by calendering.


Premise: How many citizen's were in the year 2000 census?

Hypothesis: As of the census of 2000, there are 84,084 people, 44,497 households, and 16,775 families in the city.


Premise: What term is used for the act of using Church of Scientology techniques in contrast to what Hubbard envisioned?

Hypothesis: The act of using Church of Scientology techniques in a form different than originally described by Hubbard is referred to within Scientology as "squirreling" and is said by Scientologists to be high treason.


Premise: On March 3, what festival was celebrated in ancient times?

Hypothesis: Almost none of them, however, are still celebrated by modern Nanjingese.


Premise: When did the BeiDou-2 begin operating?

Hypothesis: It became operational in China in December 2011, with 10 satellites in use, and began offering services to customers in the Asia-Pacific region in December 2012.


Premise: Of the individuals that became intimate with Frédéric during their stay at the family apartments, which two became part of Frédéric's social environment in Paris?

Hypothesis: In letters to Woyciechowski, he indicated which of his works, and even which of their passages, were influenced by his fascination with her; his letter of 15 May 1830 revealed that the slow movement (Larghetto) of his Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor) was secretly dedicated to her – "It should be like dreaming in beautiful springtime – by moonlight."


Premise: What war occurred in the 18th century?

Hypothesis: They used it as trading post of contraband and the city of Gustavia prospered but this prosperity was short lived.


Premise: What is the only remaining waterway in Palermo?

Hypothesis: In the basins there were, though, many seasonal torrents that helped formed swampy plains, reclaimed during history; a good example of which can be found in the borough of Mondello.


Premise: What shifted depending on the locus investigated?

Hypothesis: They focused on the non-recombining Y-chromosome to "circumvent some of the complications associated with selection".


Premise: 2000 of what group fought directly for Tito?

Hypothesis: It is said that Tito ordered his forces to assist escaping Jews, and that more than 2,000 Jews fought directly for Tito.


Premise: When do long distance migrants disperse?

Hypothesis: Long distance migrants are believed to disperse as young birds and form attachments to potential breeding sites and to favourite wintering sites.


Premise: Corruption in what compromises the rule of law?

Hypothesis: In politics, corruption undermines democracy and good governance by flouting or even subverting formal processes.


Premise: Which general maintained camp in El Paso Del Norte after the battle?

Hypothesis: The Mexican forces being impatient to confront the American forces passed beyond El Paso del Norte about 20 miles (32 km) north along the Rio Grande.


Premise: Does a halogen bulb operate at a higher or lower temperature than an incandescent?

Hypothesis: The halogen lamp reduces uneven evaporation of the filament and eliminates darkening of the envelope by filling the lamp with a halogen gas at low pressure, rather than an inert gas.


Premise: What characteristic of a compilation of witnesses is the most beneficial to a textual critic?

Hypothesis: For the same reasons, the most geographically diverse witnesses are preferred.


Premise: What compiles data from around 17,000 law enforcement agencies?

Hypothesis: Since about 93% of the data submitted to the FBI is in this format, the UCR stands out as the publication of choice as most states require law enforcement agencies to submit this data.


Premise: What does Neptune's wind speeds reach?

Hypothesis: Neptune's weather is characterised by extremely dynamic storm systems, with winds reaching speeds of almost 600 m/s (2,200 km/h; 1,300 mph)—nearly reaching supersonic flow.


Premise: As what did the Dvaita school view dualism?

Hypothesis: However, unlike Vishishtadvaita which envisions ultimate qualified nondualism, the dualism of Dvaita was permanent.


Premise: what types of people did the club The Warehouse attract?

Hypothesis: One of the people in the car with him joked, "you know, that's the kind of music you play down at the Warehouse!"


Premise: What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in Poland?

Hypothesis: The frequency of Haplogroup R1a ranges from 63.39% in the Sorbs, through 56.4% in Poland, 54% in Ukraine, 52% in Russia, Belarus, to 15.2% in Republic of Macedonia, 14.7% in Bulgaria and 12.1% in Herzegovina.


Premise: How many independant schools are in Lancashire?

Hypothesis: There are many Church of England and Catholic faith schools in Lancashire.


Premise: How many districts does Yerevan have?

Hypothesis: The capital, Yerevan, also has the status of a community.


Premise: How many stars did Mark Kermode of the Guardian aware Spectre prior to its release?

Hypothesis: Mark Kermode, writing in The Guardian, gave the film four out of five stars, observing that the film did not live up to the standard set by Skyfall, but was able to tap into audience expectations.


Premise: What has Catalan often been considered?

Hypothesis: During much of its history, and especially during the Francoist dictatorship (1939–1975), the Catalan language has often been degraded as a mere dialect of Spanish.


Premise: When was the Arrow War?

Hypothesis: In the Arrow War (1856–60), the Chinese had no way to prevent the Anglo-French expedition of 1860 from sailing into the Gulf of Zhili and landing as near as possible to Beijing.


Premise: With whom did Foster file his patent?

Hypothesis: On September 30, 1987, Foster filed an application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office to patent his invented sport.


Premise: How did older models convert to ASA scale?

Hypothesis: For some of the older meters with scales in "Film Speed" or "Film Value" (e.g. models DW-48, DW-49 as well as early DW-58 and GW-68 variants), replaceable hoods with ASA scales were available from the manufacturer.


Premise: What happens in the stomach after the food is chewed and mixed with starches?

Hypothesis: Mechanical and chemical digestion begin in the mouth where food is chewed, and mixed with saliva to begin enzymatic processing of starches.


Premise: Which two major Protestant denominations are based in Memphis?

Hypothesis: Publishing houses of several denominations are located in Nashville.


Premise: What stopped the widespread use of hunting and gathering?

Hypothesis: Following the invention of agriculture, hunter-gatherers have been displaced or conquered by farming or pastoralist groups in most parts of the world.


Premise: Who was the head of the school for its first few months?

Hypothesis: The suggestion received a large amount of opposition, with many members of the Board saying that the school wasn't large enough to be a university, but the decision ultimately passed.


Premise: In his book, Feynman was shown playing what instrument?

Hypothesis: After three years devoted to the task, he produced a series of lectures that eventually became The Feynman Lectures on Physics.


Premise: In what year was the first automatic revolver invented?

Hypothesis: The city struck fortune in the late 18th century with the inventions and industrial activity of Eli Whitney, a Yale graduate who remained in New Haven to develop the cotton gin and establish a gun-manufacturing factory in the northern part of the city near the Hamden town line.


Premise: Who started a forum in support of Morales' legal process of change?

Hypothesis: The forum also expressed solidarity with the Morales and his economic and social changes in the interest of historically marginalized majorities.


Premise: What does the creditworthiness of businesses depend on?

Hypothesis: While many banks are obviously at the brink, consumers and businesses would be facing a much harder time getting credit right now even if the financial system were rock solid.


Premise: In addition to dogs, what other animal is responsible for over 86,000 falls every year?

Hypothesis: It has been estimated around 2% of dog-related injuries treated in UK hospitals are domestic accidents.


Premise: In what war was the German Empire defeated?

Hypothesis: On 11 November 1918 (Armistice Day), communist insurgents proclaimed a "soviet government" in Strasbourg, following the example of Kurt Eisner in Munich as well as other German towns.


Premise: In the 20th century the Night Ferry was a boat train that provided connections between London and which cities?

Hypothesis: The opening of the Channel Tunnel in 1994 connected London directly to the continental rail network, allowing Eurostar services to begin.


Premise: Which publisher is Marvel's biggest rival?

Hypothesis: It was Kirby's artwork with its tension and psychedelia that made it perfect for the times—or was it Lee's bravado and melodrama, which was somehow insecure and brash at the same time?"


Premise: Who elects the president of Greece?

Hypothesis: The current Constitution was drawn up and adopted by the Fifth Revisionary Parliament of the Hellenes and entered into force in 1975 after the fall of the military junta of 1967–1974.


Premise: In which year was the Premier League awarded an International Trade award?

Hypothesis: The Premier League has the highest revenue of any football league in the world, with total club revenues of €2.48 billion in 2009–10.


Premise: When did the ten-year period for eligible exchange of the drachma to euro end?

Hypothesis: This was followed by a ten-year period for eligible exchange of drachma to euro, which ended on 1 March 2012.


Premise: What did the quake measure?

Hypothesis: China Standard Time at epicenter (06:28:01 UTC) on May 12 in Sichuan province, killed 69,197 people and left 18,222 missing.


Premise: Did the scientific revolution precede or follow the Age of Enlightenment?

Hypothesis: The Age of Enlightenment was preceded by and closely associated with the scientific revolution.


Premise: What 1850 document formally declared the intent to create a unified standard?

Hypothesis: During the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the language of all three nations was called "Bosnian" until the death of administrator von Kállay in 1907, at which point the name was changed to "Serbo-Croatian".


Premise: Who was the final king of the Attalid dynasty?

Hypothesis: The Attalid dynasty of Pergamum lasted little longer; a Roman ally until the end, its final king Attalus III died in 133 BC without an heir, and taking the alliance to its natural conclusion, willed Pergamum to the Roman Republic.


Premise: There are a plethora of colleges and universities within what radius of Santa Monica?

Hypothesis: Many SMC graduates transfer to the University of California system.


Premise: Why were alternative energy sources judged uneconomical in 2001?

Hypothesis: Though wind and hydroelectric power are abundant and underdeveloped, proposals for statewide energy systems (e.g. with special low-cost electric interties) were judged uneconomical (at the time of the report, 2001) due to low (less than 50¢/gal) fuel prices, long distances and low population.


Premise: What was the city attacked by in 1943?

Hypothesis: While the First World War had not notably damaged the city, Anglo-American bombing caused extensive destruction in raids of which at least one was allegedly carried out by mistake.


Premise: What did Carl von Voit and Max Rubner apply to nutrition in order to receive their results?

Hypothesis: In the early 20th century, Carl von Voit and Max Rubner independently measured caloric energy expenditure in different species of animals, applying principles of physics in nutrition.


Premise: When did Manuel Oribe pass a decree establishing the Greater University of the Republic?

Hypothesis: It called for the creation of nine academic departments; the President of the Republic would pass a decree formally creating the departments once the majority of them were in operation.


Premise: What is sometimes a prerequisite of obtaining a hunting license?

Hypothesis: Hunters of protected species require a hunting license in all states, for which completion of a hunting safety course is sometimes a prerequisite.


Premise: Do LaserDiscs or DVD use analog video?

Hypothesis: In contrast to the entirely digital DVD, LaserDiscs use only analog video.


Premise: What are the saved versions of a site called?

Hypothesis: The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked web site updates are recorded.


Premise: What species are usually hunted?

Hypothesis: The species that are hunted are referred to as game or prey and are usually mammals and birds.


Premise: Which organization did Michael Rostovtzeff flee from?

Hypothesis: Michael Rostovtzeff, who fled the Russian Revolution, concentrated predominantly on the rise of the capitalist bourgeoisie in areas of Greek rule.


Premise: How many tenants are expected to set up shop in the Mall of San Juan?

Hypothesis: The mall is set to open in March 2015.


Premise: Because of the EPA, how many Marines would the United States be able to send to Guam to live?

Hypothesis: In a February 2010 letter, the United States Environmental Protection Agency sharply criticized these plans because of a water shortfall, sewage problems and the impact on coral reefs.


Premise: Who has offered arguments that Lee and Guenther disliked?

Hypothesis: Doron Shultziner and others have argued that we can learn a lot about the life-styles of prehistoric hunter-gatherers from studies of contemporary hunter-gatherers—especially their impressive levels of egalitarianism.


Premise: How old was the village site found near the Santa Cruz River?

Hypothesis: The floodplain of the Santa Cruz River was extensively farmed during the Early Agricultural period, circa 1200 BC to AD 150.


Premise: What did Catholic cantons attempt to set up which caused a civil war in 1839?

Hypothesis: Yet however minor the Sonderbundskrieg appears compared with other European riots and wars in the 19th century, it nevertheless had a major impact on both the psychology and the society of the Swiss and of Switzerland.


Premise: what year was the history of Ming produced?

Hypothesis: The Mingshi states that administrative offices were set up under these high commanderies, including one Itinerant Commandery, three Pacification Commissioner's Offices, six Expedition Commissioner's Offices, four Wanhu offices (myriarchies, in command of 10,000 households each) and seventeen Qianhu offices (chiliarchies, each in command of 1,000 households).


Premise: What denomination do these small groups belong to?

Hypothesis: There are many other Protestant denominations that do not fit neatly into the mentioned branches, and are far smaller in membership.


Premise: What is another name for an elevator shaft?

Hypothesis: A modern-day elevator consists of a cab (also called a "cage", "carriage" or "car") mounted on a platform within an enclosed space called a shaft or sometimes a "hoistway".


Premise: The Xbox 360 Elite eventually launched at what price point?

Hypothesis: At launch, the Xbox 360 was available in two configurations: the "Xbox 360" package (unofficially known as the 20 GB Pro or Premium), priced at US$399 or GB£279.99, and the "Xbox 360 Core", priced at US$299 and GB£209.99.


Premise: What organizations provide hunter education and help protect the future of the sport?

Hypothesis: Many hunting groups also participate in lobbying the federal government and state government.


Premise: What activities was the FBI concerned with during the Vietnam war?

Hypothesis: Some of the subjects were investigated for alleged ties to the Communist party (Charlie Chaplin and Groucho Marx), or in connection with antiwar activities during the Vietnam War (John Denver, John Lennon, and Jane Fonda).


Premise: How did the "Classic Period" end?

Hypothesis: During this period, the Empire was marked by a highly centralized administration connecting the different regions.


Premise: When did the Houston area rank first in Texas for business?

Hypothesis: In 2006, the Houston metropolitan area ranked first in Texas and third in the U.S. within the Category of "Best Places for Business and Careers" by Forbes magazine.


Premise: Who is the president of HHC?

Hypothesis: Bellevue is the designated hospital for treatment of the President of the United States and other world leaders if they become sick or injured while in New York City.


Premise: What are the beliefs of Jehovah Witnesses distinct from?

Hypothesis: Jehovah's Witnesses are directed by the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses, a group of elders in Brooklyn, New York, which establishes all doctrines based on its interpretations of the Bible.


Premise: What discussion proved an example of the difficulty of explaining what foods were and were not included in the Goods and Services Tax?

Hypothesis: Hewson's difficulty in explaining this to the electorate was exemplified in the infamous birthday cake interview, considered by some as a turning point in the election campaign.


Premise: What religion was Avicenna?

Hypothesis: Avicenna was a devout Muslim and sought to reconcile rational philosophy with Islamic theology.


Premise: In what district of London is The Angel located?

Hypothesis: The Angel, Islington was formerly a coaching inn, the first on the route northwards out of London, where Thomas Paine is believed to have written much of The Rights of Man.


Premise: Along with rap/hip-hop, what genre of music were aging listeners not as interested in?

Hypothesis: On April 7, 1979, the Easy Listening chart officially became known as Adult Contemporary, and those two words have remained consistent in the name of the chart ever since.


Premise: How did Wever die?

Hypothesis: These men were long-time professional airmen involved in German air services since early in their careers.


Premise: On which street is the A.C. Goode House located?

Hypothesis: The city is recognised for its mix of modern architecture which intersects with an extensive range of nineteenth and early twentieth century buildings.


Premise: What kind of vehicle offers basic transportation to people in Saint Helena?

Hypothesis: A minibus offers a basic service to carry people around Saint Helena, with most services designed to take people into Jamestown for a few hours on weekdays to conduct their business.


Premise: What measurement can aid in the identification of a human body?

Hypothesis: In a 1992 article, anthropologist Norman Sauer noted that anthropologists had generally abandoned the concept of race as a valid representation of human biological diversity, except for forensic anthropologists.


Premise: Who does the Governing Body direct?

Hypothesis: The Governing Body directs several committees that are responsible for administrative functions, including publishing, assembly programs and evangelizing activities.


Premise: What year did the Rus raid Baku, Gilan,Mazandaran, and Caucasus?

Hypothesis: The expansion of the Rus' put further military and economic pressure on the Khazars, depriving them of territory, tributaries, and trade.


Premise: How long was the war?

Hypothesis: Mexico's independence from Spain was effectively declared in the Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire on September 27, 1821, after a decade of war.


Premise: What type of instruments were prominent in soft rock?

Hypothesis: From the end of the 1960s, it became common to divide mainstream rock music into soft and hard rock, with both emerging as major radio formats in the US.


Premise: When did the torch arrive in Pyongyang?

Hypothesis: It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea.


Premise: When was the first constitutional convention held in Montana?

Hypothesis: Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood.


Premise: If removing an introduced species entirely isn't a posibility, what is the next best outcome?

Hypothesis: Predators from its natural range may be introduced to control populations, though in some cases this has little effect, and may even cause unforeseen problems.


Premise: What was "Black by definition"?

Hypothesis: In Isidore’s day, Moors were black by definition…"


Premise: What feature was found on more home stereos that allowed continuous play between records?

Hypothesis: The adapter could be a small solid circle that fit onto the bottom of the spindle (meaning only one 45 could be played at a time) or a larger adaptor that fit over the entire spindle, permitting a stack of 45s to be played.


Premise: Name a peasant rebel leader?

Hypothesis: Rather than serve them, Ming general Wu Sangui made an alliance with the Manchus and opened the Shanhai Pass to the Banner Armies led by Prince Dorgon, who defeated the rebels and seized Beijing.


Premise: What is the purpose of a pub name?

Hypothesis: Pub names are used to identify and differentiate each pub.


Premise: Which race was considered living "in a state of nature" by the Europeans?

Hypothesis: Just as some critics have argued that the distinction between high and low cultures is really an expression of the conflict between European elites and non-elites, some critics have argued that the distinction between civilized and uncivilized people is really an expression of the conflict between European colonial powers and their colonial subjects.


Premise: What does not allow windows to pop up without consent?

Hypothesis: All major web browsers allow the user to open multiple information resources at the same time, either in different browser windows or in different tabs of the same window.


Premise: How long were Sasanin Persians ruling Egypt?

Hypothesis: Sasanian War of 602–628 during which they established a new short-lived province for ten years known as Sasanian Egypt, until 639–42, when Egypt was invaded and conquered by the Islamic Empire by the Muslim Arabs.


Premise: As the French were hard-hit by the Prussian artillery, what continued to show up to the battlefield?

Hypothesis: But by 11:00, Prussian artillery took a toll on the French while more Prussian troops arrived on the battlefield.


Premise: What is considered to be the finest building?

Hypothesis: As for modern and contemporary architecture, Strasbourg possesses some fine Art Nouveau buildings (such as the huge Palais des Fêtes and houses and villas like Villa Schutzenberger and Hôtel Brion), good examples of post-World War II functional architecture (the Cité Rotterdam, for which Le Corbusier did not succeed in the architectural contest) and, in the very extended Quartier Européen, some spectacular administrative buildings of sometimes utterly large size, among which the European Court of Human Rights building by Richard Rogers is arguably the finest.


Premise: The first third of what was translated at the abbey?

Hypothesis: It was here that the first third of the King James Bible Old Testament and the last half of the New Testament were translated.


Premise: Paul claims the Resurrection was needed for what reason?

Hypothesis: In the Pauline view, Jesus, obedient to the point of death (Philippians 2:8) died "at the right time" (Romans 4:25) based on the plan of God.


Premise: What does "having a gene" or a "good gene" typically refer to?

Hypothesis: Colloquial usage of the term "having a gene" (e.g., "good genes," "hair colour gene") typically refers to having a different allele of the gene.


Premise: The Allies suggested peace terms in which set of proposals?

Hypothesis: Metternich told Napoleon these were the best terms the Allies were likely to offer; after further victories, the terms would be harsher and harsher.


Premise: How many destinations does George Bush Intercontinental Airport serve?

Hypothesis: Bush Intercontinental currently ranks fourth in the United States for non-stop domestic and international service with 182 destinations.


Premise: Who said that the state would consider a referendum to end the monopoly that Atlantic City holds on casino gambling?

Hypothesis: With casino revenue declining from $5.2 billion in 2006 to $2.9 billion in 2013, the state saw a drop in money from its 8% tax on those earnings, which is used to fund programs for senior citizens and the disabled.


Premise: In 2007, what was the reported resolution of the BeiDou system?

Hypothesis: In 2007, the official Xinhua News Agency reported that the resolution of the BeiDou system was as high as 0.5 metres.


Premise: What topic did Hayek never write a book about as he said he would?

Hypothesis: I think Prices and Production is a very flawed book.


Premise: How do plants contribute to terrestrial ecosystems?

Hypothesis: Most land plants and land ecosystems rely on mutualisms between the plants, which fix carbon from the air, and mycorrhyzal fungi, which help in extracting water and minerals from the ground.


Premise: In which other country is the UK thinking about installing a military base?

Hypothesis: The MoD has since been regarded as a leader in elaborating the post-Cold War organising concept of "defence diplomacy".


Premise: In regards to the word "cardinal" being used in cities other than Rome, who sent a letter to Pippin III?

Hypothesis: The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Zacharias applied the title to the priests of Paris to distinguish them from country clergy.


Premise: The Canadian Armed Forces were initially organized under what department?

Hypothesis: These forces were organised under the Department of Militia and Defence, and split into the Permanent and Non-Permanent Active Militias—frequently shortened to simply The Militia.


Premise: Who was one of the key members that Humphrey managed to convince to support the bill?

Hypothesis: Doing so, he convinced many pro-business Republicans, including Senate Minority Leader Everett Dirksen (IL) to support Title VII.:78–80


Premise: What concept is sexual orientation argued as?

Hypothesis: The validity of the notion of sexual orientation as defined in the West, as a biological phenomenon rather than a social construction specific to a region and period, has also been questioned within the industrialized Western society).


Premise: What was the name of the show that introduced Cubism to the USA?

Hypothesis: Cubism and modern European art was introduced into the United States at the now legendary 1913 Armory Show in New York City, which then traveled to Chicago and Boston.


Premise: How does the ECB plan to increase the available credit for businesses?

Hypothesis: The duration of the previous SMP was temporary, while the Outright Monetary Transactions (OMT) programme has no ex-ante time or size limit.


Premise: How many communities does the CMA include?

Hypothesis: As of the 2006 Census, there were 100,646 inhabitants in St. John's itself, 151,322 in the urban area and 181,113 in the St. John's Census Metropolitan Area (CMA).


Premise: What disease did his two brothers die of?

Hypothesis: Born as just "Alexander Bell", at age 10 he made a plea to his father to have a middle name like his two brothers.[N 6]


Premise: The affective-motivational dimension of pain is characterized by what urge?

Hypothesis: They theorized that pain intensity (the sensory discriminative dimension) and unpleasantness (the affective-motivational dimension) are not simply determined by the magnitude of the painful stimulus, but "higher" cognitive activities can influence perceived intensity and unpleasantness.


Premise: What does WHO recommend?

Hypothesis: WHO recommends a child with diarrhea continue to be fed.


Premise: What did The Sun reporters make Contostavlos believe?

Hypothesis: The subterfuge involved conning the singer into believing that she was being considered for a role in an £8 million Bollywood film.


Premise: What term is used to describe the Early Neolithic era in American education?

Hypothesis: The Formative stage is equivalent to the Neolithic Revolution period in Europe, Asia, and Africa.


Premise: What kind of role do insects play in their ecosystem?

Hypothesis: Insect ecology is the scientific study of how insects, individually or as a community, interact with the surrounding environment or ecosystem.:3 Insects play one of the most important roles in their ecosystems, which includes many roles, such as soil turning and aeration, dung burial, pest control, pollination and wildlife nutrition.


Premise: In what year did the New York Times review the Salon d'Automne?

Hypothesis: The exhibition was reviewed in the October 8, 1911 issue of The New York Times.


Premise: What si Tuvalu's tv domain?

Hypothesis: Internet domain name, which is now managed by Verisign until 2021.


Premise: What did Charles V combine

Hypothesis: and Oversticht – which included the city of Utrecht – to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.


Premise: What Japanese group opposed an invasion of Australia?

Hypothesis: In early 1942 elements of the Imperial Japanese Navy proposed an invasion of Australia.


Premise: On what day would AFL games be shown on NFL Network?

Hypothesis: After its return in 2010, the AFL had its national television deal with the NFL Network for a weekly Friday night game.


Premise: What was included in the reform?

Hypothesis: In the course of the Prussian restoration by the 1815 Congress of Vienna, the East Prussian territories were re-arranged in the Regierungsbezirke of Gumbinnen and Königsberg.


Premise: What often changes along with the rhyming of Quranic verses?

Hypothesis: Frequently a change of rhyme from one set of verses to another signals a change in the subject of discussion.


Premise: How did Old English strong verbs express the past tense?

Hypothesis: Old English verbs include strong verbs, which form the past tense by altering the root vowel, and weak verbs, which use a suffix such as -de.


Premise: How many allies were lost during the battle?

Hypothesis: Failing to pursue the retreating forces was one of many strategic errors made during the war, and the Russians themselves noted that had they pressed south that day they would have easily captured Sevastopol.


Premise: Since 1990, how much did Madonna make in her concerts?

Hypothesis: She was ranked at number two, behind only The Beatles, on the Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists, making her the most successful solo artist in the history of American singles chart.


Premise: What are Kanye's religious beliefs?

Hypothesis: The College Dropout, West was questioned on his beliefs and said, "I will say that I'm spiritual.


Premise: What specific form of bullying did the survey show was most common?

Hypothesis: Over 40 per cent of school pupils in the city that responded to a survey claimed to have been the victim of bullying.


Premise: Near what major line of latitutde are the Marshall Islands located?

Hypothesis: The islands share maritime boundaries with the Federated States of Micronesia to the west, Wake Island to the north,[note 2] Kiribati to the south-east, and Nauru to the south.


Premise: Who inspires Beyoncé because "she does it all?"

Hypothesis: Beyoncé has stated that she is personally inspired by US First Lady Michelle Obama, saying "She proves you can do it all" and she has described Oprah Winfrey as "the definition of inspiration and a strong woman".


Premise: Which street runs from Broadway to West Street?

Hypothesis: East 11th streets runs from Fourth Avenue to Avenue C and runs past Webster Hall.


Premise: What is the cup called now?

Hypothesis: The FA Cup winners qualify for the following season's UEFA Europa League (formerly named the UEFA Cup; until 1998 they entered the Cup Winners' Cup instead).


Premise: What is another use of VoIP?

Hypothesis: The technology is also used for telecommuting, in which employees work from home.


Premise: What else happened in the northern part of East Prussia in the now Russian area?

Hypothesis: In the Soviet part of the region, a policy of eliminating all remnants of German history was pursued.


Premise: How long do women serve in the military?

Hypothesis: Following mandatory service, Israeli men join the reserve forces and usually do up to several weeks of reserve duty every year until their forties.


Premise: The more humanistic conception of Christ appeared when?

Hypothesis: The miniature mosaic of Christ in the Museo Nazionale at Florence illustrates the more gentle, humanistic conception of Christ which appeared in the 12th century.


Premise: What do some people contend racial categories are obviously correlated with?

Hypothesis: There is a wide consensus that the racial categories that are common in everyday usage are socially constructed, and that racial groups cannot be biologically defined.


Premise: What city did Hadik occupy?

Hypothesis: When the Prussian King Frederick was marching south with his powerful armies, the Hungarian general unexpectedly swung his force of 5,000, mostly hussars, around the Prussians and occupied part of their capital, Berlin, for one night.


Premise: What other leaders believed this?

Hypothesis: Support for Arius from powerful bishops like Eusebius of Caesarea and Eusebius of Nicomedia, further illustrate how Arius's subordinationist Christology was shared by other Christians in the Empire.


Premise: "Charleston's Provincialisms" was published in what year?

Hypothesis: Sylvester Primer of the College of Charleston wrote about aspects of the local dialect in his late 19th-century works: "Charleston Provincialisms" (1887)  and "The Huguenot Element in Charleston's Provincialisms", published in a German journal.


Premise: What type of text is the Samaveda?

Hypothesis: During this time, the prestige of the language, its use for sacred purposes, and the importance attached to its correct enunciation all served as powerful conservative forces resisting the normal processes of linguistic change.


Premise: What percent of normal matter is hydrogen?

Hypothesis: Hydrogen, as atomic H, is the most abundant chemical element in the universe, making up 75% of normal matter by mass and over 90% by number of atoms (most of the mass of the universe, however, is not in the form of chemical-element type matter, but rather is postulated to occur as yet-undetected forms of mass such as dark matter and dark energy).


Premise: What is the term used to describe the attacks on Plymouth during the Second World War?

Hypothesis: After the war the city centre was completely rebuilt and subsequent expansion led to the incorporation of Plympton and Plymstock along with other outlying suburbs in 1967.


Premise: How long is the typical punishment for being tardy?

Hypothesis: A boy who is late for any division or other appointment may be required to sign "Tardy Book", a register kept in the School Office, between 7.35am and 7.45am, every morning for the duration of his sentence (typically three days).


Premise: In 1936, what place did Bell receive on a list of best inventors?

Hypothesis: In 1936 the US Patent Office declared Bell first on its list of the country's greatest inventors, leading to the US Post Office issuing a commemorative stamp honoring Bell in 1940 as part of its 'Famous Americans Series'.


Premise: What is BYU working to increase by installing various speed drives on all pumps and fans?

Hypothesis: The university has stated that "we have a responsibility to be wise stewards of the earth and its resources.


Premise: Did the CIA confirm knowledge of Gaddafi's upcoming coup?:

Hypothesis: By 1969, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency was expecting segments of Libya's armed forces to launch a coup.


Premise: Who passed symbolic resolutions against the Patriot Act?

Hypothesis: On 30 July 2003, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) filed the first legal challenge against Section 215 of the Patriot Act, claiming that it allows the FBI to violate a citizen's First Amendment rights, Fourth Amendment rights, and right to due process, by granting the government the right to search a person's business, bookstore, and library records in a terrorist investigation, without disclosing to the individual that records were being searched.


Premise: What was the edict approved by the Board of Regents that provided for the fixed tuition program?

Hypothesis: For transfer students, who do not take part in the compact, 2014–15 per-credit-hour tuition was $295 for in-state undergraduates and $785 for out-of-state undergraduates; subject to annual increases.


Premise: What stations comprise Houston Public Radio?

Hypothesis: The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area is served by one public television station and two public radio stations.


Premise: What did Chopin create for Grand Duke Constantine?

Hypothesis: During this period, Fryderyk was sometimes invited to the Belweder Palace as playmate to the son of the ruler of Russian Poland, Grand Duke Constantine; he played the piano for the Duke and composed a march for him.


Premise: What is the nationally set limit for exposure of asphalt in a 15 minute period?

Hypothesis: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a Recommended exposure limit (REL) of 5 mg/m3 over a 15-minute period.


Premise: In what year did the New Haven Black Panther trials take place in New Haven?

Hypothesis: Beginning on May Day, the city became a center of protest for 12,000 Panther supporters, college students, and New Left activists (including Jean Genet, Benjamin Spock, Abbie Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, and John Froines), who amassed on the New Haven Green, across the street from where the trials were being held.


Premise: How many regiments were in the Northern Army?

Hypothesis: The volunteer army comprised the Southern Army (Nanjun 南軍), while the standing army stationed in and near the capital was the Northern Army (Beijun 北軍).


Premise: Why was South Korea important to the US?

Hypothesis: The essential point... is that the American response to the North Korean attack stemmed from considerations of US policy toward Japan."


Premise: How many number one Billboard singles were released by American Idol contestants in the shows first decade?

Hypothesis: According to Fred Bronson, author of books on the Billboard charts, no other entity has ever created as many hit-making artists and best-selling albums and singles.


Premise: What are examples of different types of theism?

Hypothesis: Theism is sometimes used to refer in general to any belief in a god or gods, i.e., monotheism or polytheism.


Premise: Who initially rejected the Japanese laws mandating military service?

Hypothesis: The Japanese government began modelling their ground forces after the French military.


Premise: What did King George IV originally want the structure to be?

Hypothesis: On the death of George IV in 1830, his younger brother King William IV hired Edward Blore to finish the work.


Premise: Who led the 93rd Highlanders?

Hypothesis: At the start of the battle, a large body of Russian cavalry charged the 93rd Highlanders, who were posted north of the village of Kadikoi.


Premise: Spiderman's fictional city is based off what real American location?

Hypothesis: Characters such as Spider-Man, the Fantastic Four, the Avengers, Daredevil and Doctor Strange are based in New York City, whereas the X-Men have historically been based in Salem Center, New York and Hulk's stories often have been set in the American Southwest.


Premise: In how many nations are Muslims in the majority of people?

Hypothesis: Muslims are the majority in 49 countries, they speak hundreds of languages and come from diverse ethnic backgrounds.


Premise: What is the children's agency of the United Nations Organization?

Hypothesis: The United Nations Organization and its children's agency UNICEF withdrew their staff, saying that it wasn't sure the event would help its mission of raising awareness of conditions for children and amid concerns that the relay would be used as a propaganda stunt.


Premise: What may share a radical without being meaningful?

Hypothesis: In other cases a compound word may coincidentally share a radical without this being meaningful.


Premise: When was 'Bridge of Spies' released?

Hypothesis: Spielberg directed 2015's Bridge of Spies, a Cold War thriller based on the 1960 U-2 incident, and focusing on James B. Donovan's negotiations with the Soviets for the release of pilot Gary Powers after his aircraft was shot down over Soviet territory.


Premise: What is the Catholic cathedral of Cork?

Hypothesis: St Mary's Cathedral, often referred to as the North Cathedral, is the Catholic cathedral of the city and was begun in 1808.


Premise: The forces of what countries did people serve before the unification?

Hypothesis: Consequently, the lineages of some Canadian army units stretch back to the early 19th century, when militia units were formed to assist in the defence of British North America against invasion by the United States.


Premise: How many of a 25-member Premier League squad must be from the UK or Ireland?

Hypothesis: This was to enable the 'home grown' rule to be enacted, whereby the League would also from 2010 require at least 8 of the named 25 man squad to be made up of 'home-grown players'.


Premise: What range of years are the oldest ruins from?

Hypothesis: Clovis points have been found in northeastern Chihuahua that have been dated from 12,000 BC to 7000 BC.


Premise: If load increases, what happens to current drawn?

Hypothesis: If the mechanical load increases, the motor slows down; a lower back emf results, and more current is drawn from the supply.


Premise: Who was the family member that Emperor Shao escaped with?

Hypothesis: Zhang Rang had previously fled with Emperor Shao (r. 189 AD) and his brother Liu Xie—the future Emperor Xian of Han (r. 189–220 AD).


Premise: How many companies developed USB's?

Hypothesis: The goal was to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs by replacing the multitude of connectors at the back of PCs, addressing the usability issues of existing interfaces, and simplifying software configuration of all devices connected to USB, as well as permitting greater data rates for external devices.


Premise: Whose efforts did Gaddafi see himself as continuing?

Hypothesis: She was told by Gaddafi's father that even as a child he had been "always serious, even taciturn", a trait he also exhibited in adulthood.


Premise: What is Melbourne's main metropolitan train terminus called?

Hypothesis: The main metropolitan train terminus is Flinders Street Station, and the main regional train and coach terminus is Southern Cross Station.


Premise: What did Berkeley consider things like matter to be?

Hypothesis: Proponents include Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne, an Anglo-Irish philosopher who advanced a theory he called immaterialism, later referred to as "subjective idealism", contending that individuals can only know sensations and ideas of objects directly, not abstractions such as "matter", and that ideas also depend upon being perceived for their very existence - esse est percipi; "to be is to be perceived".


Premise: When was the draft passed to have MPEG-1 Audio approved as a standard?

Hypothesis: MPEG-1 Audio (MPEG-1 Part 3), which included MPEG-1 Audio Layer I, II and III was approved as a committee draft of ISO/IEC standard in 1991, finalised in 1992 and published in 1993 (ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993).


Premise: Which area contains the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field?

Hypothesis: The North Slope is mostly tundra peppered with small villages.


Premise: What does Florida have the largest collection of

Hypothesis: A unique architectural design found only in Florida is the post-World War II Miami Modern, which can be seen in areas such as Miami's MiMo Historic District.


Premise: When was Madonna's third album released?

Hypothesis: In June 1986, Madonna released her third studio album, True Blue, which was inspired by and dedicated to Sean Penn.


Premise: What sets the Cork accent apart from other Irish accents?

Hypothesis: The Cork accent, part of the Southwest dialect of Hiberno-English, displays various features which set it apart from other accents in Ireland.


Premise: What is one of the five functions of NDO support?

Hypothesis: Positive nuclear command, control, communications; effective nuclear weapons security; and robust combat support are essential to the overall NDO function.


Premise: What is another term for voice-aspirated?

Hypothesis: Many Indo-Aryan languages have aspirated stops.


Premise: What type of sugar composes part of the DNA molecule?

Hypothesis: DNA consists of a chain made from four types of nucleotide subunits, each composed of: a five-carbon sugar (2'-deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and one of the four bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine.:2.1


Premise: What percentage of HIV/AIDS infected in Swaziland are believed to be treated?

Hypothesis: In 2004, the Swaziland government acknowledged for the first time that it suffered an AIDS crisis, with 38.8% of tested pregnant women infected with HIV (see AIDS in Africa).


Premise: How many years was Ye Zhiping involved in the school overhaul?

Hypothesis: Ye Zhiping, the principal of Sangzao Middle School in Sangzao, one of the largest in An County, has been credited with proactive action that spared the lives of all 2,323 pupils in attendance when the earthquake happened.


Premise: When did Kublai Khan conquer the song dynasty?

Hypothesis: Kublai Khan did not conquer the Song dynasty in South China until 1279, so Tibet was a component of the early Mongol Empire before it was combined into one of its descendant empires with the whole of China under the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368).


Premise: What the the goal of the operation that followed Operation Roundup?

Hypothesis: In the last two weeks of February 1951, Operation Roundup was followed by Operation Killer, carried out by the revitalized Eighth Army.


Premise: What are organizations targeting with the aim of improving nutritional content or resources?

Hypothesis: Health and nutrition have been proven to have close links with overall educational success.


Premise: How much data can a DBMS store?

Hypothesis: The DBMS provides various functions that allow entry, storage and retrieval of large quantities of information and provides ways to manage how that information is organized.


Premise: What make up the largest portion of Divan poetry?

Hypothesis: There were, however, other common genres, most particularly the mesnevî, a kind of verse romance and thus a variety of narrative poetry; the two most notable examples of this form are the Leyli and Majnun of Fuzûlî and the Hüsn ü


Premise: Which Eton society is dedicated to philosophy?

Hypothesis: Societies tend to come and go, of course, depending on the special enthusiasms of the masters and boys in the school at the time, but some have been in existence many years.


Premise: What railways lines are still in use today

Hypothesis: The usefulness of the canals was short-lived, though some have now been restored for recreation.


Premise: Who nominates justices for the U.S. Supreme Court?

Hypothesis: Judicial power—the power to decide cases and controversies—is vested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress.


Premise: Why was "An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School" proposed?

Hypothesis: Yale traces its beginnings to "An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School," passed by the General Court of the Colony of Connecticut on October 9, 1701, while meeting in New Haven.


Premise: How many units of the Famicom were sold in Japan by the beginning of 1985?

Hypothesis: The American video game press was skeptical that the console could have any success in the region, with the March 1985 issue of Electronic Games magazine stating that "the videogame market in America has virtually disappeared" and that "this could be a miscalculation on Nintendo's part."


Premise: Voter demographics of florida in the 1950's

Hypothesis: From 1952 to 1964, most voters were registered Democrats, but the state voted for the Republican presidential candidate in every election except for 1964.


Premise: Where did Freemasonry first spread?

Hypothesis: Freemasonry as a systematic creed with its own myths, values and set of rituals originated in Scotland around 1600 and spread first to England and then across the Continent in the eighteenth century.


Premise: What is another name for Universal Studios Inc.?

Hypothesis: Universal Studios is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA).


Premise: Were the Spanish able to police the backwoods settlements

Hypothesis: These migrants, mixing with the already present British settlers who had remained in Florida since the British period, would be the progenitors of the population known as Florida Crackers.


Premise: What is the official journal of New York City?

Hypothesis: The New York City Administrative Code, the New York City Rules, and the City Record are the code of local laws, compilation of regulations, and official journal, respectively.


Premise: What is a type of case heard by the Supreme Administrative Court?

Hypothesis: The Supreme Administrative Court considers cases concerning disputes between individuals and administrative organs, as well as disputes among administrative organs, while the Supreme Court considers all other cases.


Premise: What is the name of the formal prayer proscribed by the Quran?

Hypothesis: Some formal religious practices receive significant attention in the Quran including the formal prayers (salat) and fasting in the month of Ramadan.


Premise: What does the term Dariajs refer to?

Hypothesis: Officially, North African countries prefer to give preference to the Literary Arabic and conduct much of their political and religious life in it (adherence to Islam), and refrain from declaring each country's specific variety to be a separate language, because Literary Arabic is the liturgical language of Islam and the language of the Islamic sacred book, the Qur'an.


Premise: In what geographical portion of Somalia is the tomb of the founder of the Dir clan located?

Hypothesis: The tombs of the founders of the Darod, Dir and Isaaq major clans as well as the Abgaal sub-clan of the Hawiye are all located in northern Somalia.


Premise: Which network company opened up in 2008 providing security, storage & networking?

Hypothesis: Current firms include Arbor Networks (provider of Internet traffic engineering and security systems), Arbortext (provider of XML-based publishing software), JSTOR (the digital scholarly journal archive), MediaSpan (provider of software and online services for the media industries), Truven Health Analytics, and ProQuest, which includes UMI.


Premise: What did Synods at Milan, Avignon, Liege, Cologne, and elsewhere do?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, although a distinction between lawful and unlawful hunting is undoubtedly permissible, it is certain that a bishop can absolutely prohibit all hunting to the clerics of his diocese, as was done by synods at Milan, Avignon, Liège, Cologne, and elsewhere.


Premise: Koch's conviction that human and bovine strains of TB were unrelated meant more people were exposed by drinking what?

Hypothesis: While it was not effective, it was later successfully adapted as a screening test for the presence of pre-symptomatic tuberculosis.


Premise: Along with Castile and Poland, what country developed a law code in the Later Middle Ages?

Hypothesis: The lone exception to this trend was in England, where the common law remained pre-eminent.


Premise: What do the images at synagogue in Khirbet Susiya suggest about the communities views?

Hypothesis: It includes the names of the signs of the zodiac and important figures from the Jewish past but not their images suggesting that it served a rather conservative community.


Premise: Who performed a study that showed the similarirty of imaginging doing something and then later remembering actually doing that task?

Hypothesis: For instance, Goff and Roediger (1998) asked participants to imagine that they performed an act (e.g., break a toothpick) and then later asked them whether they had done such a thing.


Premise: This group was often exploited and had no legal protection or recourse.

Hypothesis: The proletariat was often exploited, and found no legal protection or political recourse to redress injustices.


Premise: Which century did the Old Confederacy of the eight states exist until?

Hypothesis: By 1353, the three original cantons had joined with the cantons of Glarus and Zug and the Lucerne, Zürich and Bern city states to form the "Old Confederacy" of eight states that existed until the end of the 15th century.


Premise: The mosaics in churches of Ravello prove what?

Hypothesis: Southern Italy was also part of the Norman kingdom but great mosaics did not survive in this area except the fine mosaic pavement of the Otranto Cathedral from 1166, with mosaics tied into a tree of life, mostly still preserved.


Premise: What actually ended up happening after Norfolk Island asked Australia for help?

Hypothesis: A majority of Norfolk Islanders have objected to the Australian plan to make changes to Norfolk Island without first consulting them and allowing their say with 68% of voters against forced changes.


Premise: Who was last in population strength?

Hypothesis: Kangra district was top ranked with a population strength of 1,507,223 (21.98%), Mandi district 999,518 (14.58%), Shimla district 813,384 (11.86%), Solan district 576,670 (8.41%), Sirmaur district 530,164 (7.73%), Una district 521,057 (7.60%), Chamba district 518,844 (7.57%), Hamirpur district 454,293 (6.63%), Kullu district 437,474 (6.38%), Bilaspur district 382,056 (5.57%), Kinnaur district 84,298 (1.23%) and Lahaul Spiti 31,528 (0.46%).


Premise: When is it warm, yet does not rain?

Hypothesis: The dry season runs from November to May, when the air is relatively drier.


Premise: When a new apex predator moves into an area this changes.

Hypothesis: An apex predator in one environment may not retain this position as a top predator if introduced to another habitat, such as a dog among alligators, a skunk in the presence of the great horned owl immune to skunk spray, or a snapping turtle among jaguars; a predatory species introduced into an area where it faces no predators, such as a domestic cat or a dog in some insular environments, can become an apex predator by default.


Premise: The moving of which continent contributed to the decrease in size of the Paleo-Tethys?

Hypothesis: A new ocean was growing on its southern end, the Tethys Ocean, an ocean that would dominate much of the Mesozoic Era.


Premise: What mutation did Takahashi discover in 1994?

Hypothesis: Ron Konopka and Seymour Benzer isolated the first clock mutant in Drosophila in the early 1970s and mapped the "period" gene, the first discovered genetic determinant of behavioral rhythmicity.


Premise: In what year did IBM add sexual orientation to their nondiscrimination policy?

Hypothesis: He also publicized the policy so that in his negotiations to build new manufacturing plants with the governors of two states in the U.S. South, he could be clear that IBM would not build "separate-but-equal" workplaces.


Premise: What color is the exterior of Schwarzenegger's Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse?

Hypothesis: He was in the news in 2014 for buying a rare Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse.


Premise: What is the Library of Congress?

Hypothesis: The Library of Congress (LoC) is an institution established by Congress to provide a research library for the government of the United States and serve as a national library.


Premise: Who did Chopin go to Berlin with?

Hypothesis: On an 1829 return trip to Berlin, he was a guest of Prince Antoni Radziwiłł, governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen—himself an accomplished composer and aspiring cellist.


Premise: Tito's marriage to what person was later erased in records?

Hypothesis: They married in October 1936, but the records of this marriage were later erased.


Premise: What specifically was misrepresented on game products?

Hypothesis: Prior to the NES, the packaging of many video games presented bombastic artwork which exaggerated the graphics of the actual game.


Premise: How many bombers hit Birmingham?

Hypothesis: By the end of November, 1,100 bombers were available for night raids.


Premise: What helps define the work of the Dominican Order?

Hypothesis: In Dominic's thinking, it was impossible for men to preach what they did not or could not understand.


Premise: How many successive civil wars occurred between Greek clans?

Hypothesis: Tensions soon developed among different Greek factions, leading to two consecutive civil wars.


Premise: What is the name of the newspaper that was banished from Burma?

Hypothesis: The Irrawaddy, this new "freedom" has caused some Burmese journalists to simply see the new law as an attempt to create an environment of self-censorship as journalists "are required to follow 16 guidelines towards protecting the three national causes — non-disintegration of the Union, non-disintegration of national solidarity, perpetuation of sovereignty — and "journalistic ethics" to ensure their stories are accurate and do not jeopardise national security."


Premise: Which musician attended Cass Tech?

Hypothesis: In the 1940s, Detroit blues artist John Lee Hooker became a long-term resident in the city's southwest Delray neighborhood.


Premise: Which parts of Tennessee are most threatened by tornadoes?

Hypothesis: Tornadoes in Tennessee can be severe, and Tennessee leads the nation in the percentage of total tornadoes which have fatalities.


Premise: Who was responsible for bringing on Hayek at the LSE?

Hypothesis: Eager to promote alternatives to what he regarded as the narrow approach of the school of economic thought that then dominated the English-speaking academic world (centred at the University of Cambridge and deriving largely from the work of Alfred Marshall), Robbins invited Hayek to join the faculty at LSE, which he did in 1931.


Premise: What were the the only land mammal in New Zealand?

Hypothesis: Government agencies view the animals as pests due to their effects on the natural environment and on agricultural production, but hunters view them as a resource.


Premise: What is the only way that Y-DNA and mtDNA change?

Hypothesis: Autosomal "atDNA" markers are also used, but differ from mtDNA or Y-DNA in that they overlap significantly.


Premise: On which coast of Florida is Miami located?

Hypothesis: Miami (/maɪˈæmi/; Spanish pronunciation: [maiˈami]) is a city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the seat of Miami-Dade County.


Premise: What is one of the most important qualifications for a communications professional to have?

Hypothesis: By far, the most important qualifications communications professionals can possess are excellent writing ability, good 'people' skills, and the capacity to think critically and strategically.


Premise: When do alleles assort independently?

Hypothesis: Alleles at a locus may be dominant or recessive; dominant alleles give rise to their corresponding phenotypes when paired with any other allele for the same trait, whereas recessive alleles give rise to their corresponding phenotype only when paired with another copy of the same allele.


Premise: Where were the nails placed?

Hypothesis: Some theories suggest that the Greek word cheir (χειρ) for hand includes the wrist and that the Romans were generally trained to place nails through Destot's space (between the capitate and lunate bones) without fracturing any bones.


Premise: Who approved the miracle of Paul VI?

Hypothesis: It was expected that Pope Francis would approve the miracle in the near future, thus, warranting the beatification of the late pontiff.


Premise: How much money did Comcast offer for this company?

Hypothesis: On February 11, 2004, Comcast announced a $54 billion bid for The Walt Disney Company, as well as taking on $12 billion of Disney's debt.


Premise: When was this style of lamp developed?

Hypothesis: Developed around 1915, these lamps were displaced by mercury and xenon arc lamps.


Premise: What are the names of two researchers who divided neolithic chronology into ten periods?

Hypothesis: They also advanced the idea of a transitional stage between the PPNA and PPNB between 8,800 and 8,600 BC at sites like Jerf el Ahmar and Tell Aswad.


Premise: What is one cause for Melbourne's fluctuating weather patterns?

Hypothesis: This temperature differential is most pronounced in the spring and summer months and can cause very strong cold fronts to form.


Premise: What Off-Broadway theater did Perfect Harmony open at?

Hypothesis: Perfect Harmony features the hit music of The Jackson 5, Pat Benatar, Billy Idol, Marvin Gaye, Scandal, Tiffany, The Romantics, The Pretenders, The Temptations, The Contours, The Commodores, Tommy James & the Shondells and The Partridge Family, and has been compared to a cross between Altar Boyz and The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee.


Premise: What is the main source of income for Paris?

Hypothesis: The main source of income for the city is direct taxes (35 percent), supplemented by a 13-percent real estate tax; 19 percent of the budget comes in a transfer from the national government.


Premise: When did the battle take place?

Hypothesis: Together, the two former enemies met and defeated Li Zicheng's rebel forces in battle on May 27, 1644.


Premise: What percent of 5 year olds or older speak Spanish?

Hypothesis: As of 2010[update], 79.12% (1,112,441) of Philadelphia residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language, while 9.72% (136,688) spoke Spanish, 1.64% (23,075) Chinese, 0.89% (12,499) Vietnamese, 0.77% (10,885) Russian, 0.66% (9,240) French, 0.61% (8,639) other Asian languages, 0.58% (8,217)


Premise: What Desert is shared between South Africa and Botswana?

Hypothesis: The Kalahari Desert, an arid region shared with South Africa and Botswana, is one of Namibia's well-known geographical features.


Premise: What type of vehicles do Troopers operate?

Hypothesis: Due to the varied terrain and wide scope of the Troopers' duties, they employ a wide variety of land, air, and water patrol vehicles.


Premise: LED brake lights are how many times faster than incandescent ones?

Hypothesis: The use in brakes improves safety, due to a great reduction in the time needed to light fully, or faster rise time, up to 0.5 second faster[citation needed] than an incandescent bulb.


Premise: What has a different significance in various languages?

Hypothesis: Aspiration has varying significance in different languages.


Premise: How are non-federal government activities that might impact critical habitat often subject to the Endangered Species Act?

Hypothesis: Outside or in parallel with regulatory processes, critical habitats also focus and encourage voluntary actions such as land purchases, grant making, restoration, and establishment of reserves.


Premise: Often, how large a part of the structure of a gene is the protein coding sequence?

Hypothesis: These include DNA regions that are not transcribed as well as untranslated regions of the RNA.


Premise: What parts of the US are covered by the 'Bible Belt'?

Hypothesis: Spanning the southern and eastern parts of the United States, the area is known for politically and socially conservative views, even though Oklahoma has more voters registered with the Democratic Party than with any other party.


Premise: How many people are in the vehicle for the AG2R Race?

Hypothesis: Each boat is navigated by two sailors.


Premise: Mount Damavand is located in what range?

Hypothesis: It is one of the world's most mountainous countries, its landscape dominated by rugged mountain ranges that separate various basins or plateaux from one another.


Premise: Did natural history in particular become increasingly popular amoung the upper or lower classes?

Hypothesis: As shown by M D Eddy, natural history in this context was a very middle class pursuit and operated as a fertile trading zone for the interdisciplinary exchange of diverse scientific ideas.


Premise: What was more than 50% used on?

Hypothesis: More than 50% of this expenditure was incurred on road construction since it was felt that without proper transport facilities, the process of planning and development could not be carried to the people, who mostly lived an isolated existence in far away areas.


Premise: Two bodies of the United Nations agreed with what restricted provision in defining genocide?

Hypothesis: The ECHR also noted that at the time of its judgement, apart from courts in Germany which had taken a broad view, that there had been few cases of genocide under other Convention States municipal laws and that "There are no reported cases in which the courts of these States have defined the type of group destruction the perpetrator must have intended in order to be found guilty of genocide".


Premise: What does the music playing indicate?

Hypothesis: The music played during the ring entrance will usually mirror the wrestler's personality.


Premise: What is an example of an event organized religious celebration?

Hypothesis: That the spectacles retained something of their sacral aura even in late antiquity is indicated by the admonitions of the Church Fathers that Christians should not take part.


Premise: In 1763 what was the status of Austria?

Hypothesis: Austria, however, like most participants, was facing a severe financial crisis and had to decrease the size of its army, something which greatly affected its offensive power.


Premise: How much more dense is Neptune compared to Earth?

Hypothesis: Neptune is 17 times the mass of Earth and is slightly more massive than its near-twin Uranus, which is 15 times the mass of Earth and slightly larger than Neptune.[c]


Premise: What type of machines normall have a firewall?

Hypothesis: Firewalls are common amongst machines that are permanently connected to the Internet.


Premise: Who designed a new wing for Queen Victoria and Prince Albert when they felt they needed more space?

Hypothesis: The ballroom wing and a further suite of state rooms were also built in this period, designed by Nash's student Sir James Pennethorne.


Premise: How many main governing bodies are on the federal level in Switzerland?

Hypothesis: It outlines basic and political rights of individuals and citizen participation in public affairs, divides the powers between the Confederation and the cantons and defines federal jurisdiction and authority.


Premise: What is Familial advanced sleep phase syndrome?

Hypothesis: Their interactions result in an interlocked feedback loop of gene products resulting in periodic fluctuations that the cells of the body interpret as a specific time of the day.[citation needed]


Premise: What are Oklahoma's Native American ballerinas called?

Hypothesis: These were Yvonne Chouteau, sisters Marjorie and Maria Tallchief, Rosella Hightower and Moscelyne Larkin, known collectively as the Five Moons.


Premise: Who remembered Dominic as a cheerful fellow?

Hypothesis: St. Cecilia remembered him as cheerful, charitable and full of unceasing vigor.


Premise: What is the largest extinction of species in Earth's history known as?

Hypothesis: It is also known as the "Great Dying" because it is considered the largest mass extinction in the Earth's history.


Premise: How many troops did the US send to the Philippines?

Hypothesis: The Army sent in 100,000 soldiers (mostly from the National Guard) under General Elwell Otis.


Premise: What word is used in Samoa to mean "respect"?

Hypothesis: These relationships are based on respect, or fa'aaloalo.


Premise: What is a retified versionof ASCII?

Hypothesis: Although these encodings are sometimes referred to as ASCII, true ASCII is defined strictly only by the ANSI standard.


Premise: Which English term is derived from the same root as the Greek, Arabic and Hebrew words for canon?

Hypothesis: Ancient Greek: κανών, Arabic Qanun / قانون, Hebrew kaneh / קנה, "straight"; a rule, code, standard, or measure; the root meaning in all these languages is "reed"


Premise: What is Neptune's equatorial radius?

Hypothesis: Neptune's equatorial radius of 24,764 km is nearly four times that of Earth.


Premise: What did China and Russia both do in 2008 ?

Hypothesis: Until 2005, the United Nations General Assembly annually adopted a detailed resolution about the situation in Myanmar by consensus.


Premise: What is the Latin word for federalism?

Hypothesis: The terms 'federalism' and 'confederalism' both have a root in the Latin word foedus, meaning treaty, pact or covenant.


Premise: What regulatory change did the hearing about video game violence in 1993 lead to?

Hypothesis: While Nintendo took the high ground with moderate success, the hearings led to the creation of the Interactive Digital Software Association and the Entertainment Software Rating Board, and the inclusion of ratings on all video games.


Premise: Which mayor influenced the Chicago Star Partnership?

Hypothesis: In April 2016, Northwestern announced that it signed on to the Chicago Star Partnership, a City Colleges initiative.


Premise: On what street is the highest concentration of international banks in the US?

Hypothesis: Downtown has the largest concentration of international banks in the U.S. along Brickell Avenue.


Premise: What condition along with complications for the plastic surgery caused the death of Donda West?

Hypothesis: Beverly Hills plastic surgeon Andre Aboolian had refused to do the surgery because West had a health condition that placed her at risk for a heart attack.


Premise: Of the fourteen tallest skyscrapers in Florida, how many are in Miami?

Hypothesis: Miami's skyline is ranked third-most impressive in the U.S., behind New York City and Chicago, and 19th in the world according to the Almanac of Architecture and Design.