Premise: What factors deplete Melbourne water supplies?

Hypothesis: In response to low water supplies and low rainfall due to drought, the government implemented water restrictions and a range of other options including: water recycling schemes for the city, incentives for household water tanks, greywater systems, water consumption awareness initiatives, and other water saving and reuse initiatives; also, in June 2007, the Bracks Government announced that a $3.1 billion Wonthaggi desalination plant would be built on Victoria's south-east coast, capable of treating 150 billion litres of water per year, as well as a 70 km (43 mi) pipeline from the Goulburn area in Victoria's north to Melbourne and a new water pipeline linking Melbourne and Geelong.


Premise: Who was the leading naturalist in Britain?

Hypothesis: Owen's review of the Origin in the April 1860 Edinburgh Review bitterly attacked Huxley, Hooker and Darwin, but also signalled acceptance of a kind of evolution as a teleological plan in a continuous "ordained becoming", with new species appearing by natural birth.


Premise: Who is interested in the degrees of phonemic length?

Hypothesis: One distinctive feature that has caused a great amount of interest among linguists is what is traditionally seen as three degrees of phonemic length: short, long, and "overlong", such that /sɑdɑ/, /sɑˑdɑ/ and /sɑːdɑ/ are distinct.


Premise: What are two purposes for which iPods are used in business?

Hypothesis: Government departments, major institutions and international organisations have turned to the iPod line as a delivery mechanism for business communication and training, such as the Royal and Western Infirmaries in Glasgow, Scotland, where iPods are used to train new staff.


Premise: What are the 4 main rivers in Sichuan?

Hypothesis: The Yangtze River and its tributaries flows through the mountains of western Sichuan and the Sichuan Basin; thus, the province is upstream of the great cities that stand along the Yangtze River further to the east, such as Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanjing and Shanghai.


Premise: How does Houston's George Bush Intercontinental Airport rank for number of passengers?

Hypothesis: The primary city airport is George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH), the tenth-busiest in the United States for total passengers, and twenty eighth-busiest worldwide.


Premise: How does heterotrophic carbon metabolism occur?

Hypothesis: Energy metabolism of bacteria is either based on phototrophy, the use of light through photosynthesis, or based on chemotrophy, the use of chemical substances for energy, which are mostly oxidised at the expense of oxygen or alternative electron acceptors (aerobic/anaerobic respiration).


Premise: What does Rías Altas mean?

Hypothesis: The Rías Altas can sometimes refer only to those east of Estaca de Bares, with the others being called Rías Medias ("Intermediate Rías").


Premise: PlayStation has safeguards in place to prevent illegal use of what type of movies or video?

Hypothesis: PlayStation 3 also limits the transfer of copy protected videos downloaded from its store to other machines and states that copy protected video "may not restore correctly" following certain actions after making a backup such as downloading a new copy protected movie.


Premise: What percentage of homeless people are women?

Hypothesis: In 2012 the Paris agglomeration (urban area) counted 28,800 people without a fixed residence, an increase of 84 percent since 2001; it represents 43 percent of the homeless in all of France.


Premise: How many points did the National Conference score in the first All-Star Game?

Hypothesis: In 1993, the league staged its first All-Star Game in Des Moines, Iowa, the future home of the long-running Iowa Barnstormers, as a fundraiser for flood victims in the area.


Premise: What is worshipped during Tibet's various festibals?

Hypothesis: Tibet has various festivals that are commonly performed to worship the Buddha[citation needed] throughout the year.


Premise: When was the Antikythera mechanism used?

Hypothesis: The astronomer Aristarchus of Samos was the first known person to propose a heliocentric model of the solar system, while the geographer Eratosthenes accurately calculated the circumference of the Earth.


Premise: Of the population of individuals 55 and older, what percentage were non-Hispanic whites in 2008?

Hypothesis: Median age of Hispanics was 27.5 years, compared to 35.1 years overall and 41.6 years among non-Hispanic whites; Hispanics were the largest group in all ages under 18, and non-Hispanic whites constituted 63.1% of population 55 and older.


Premise: What year was the Great White Sioux War?

Hypothesis: However, the railroad played a major role in sparking tensions with Native American tribes in the 1870s.


Premise: Which of Popper's works responds to critiques of naive falsificationism?

Hypothesis: The Quine-Duhem thesis argues that it's impossible to test a single hypothesis on its own, since each one comes as part of an environment of theories.


Premise: What geographical location in Eritrea has largely shaped the culture of Eritrea?

Hypothesis: One of the most recognizable parts of Eritrean culture is the coffee ceremony.


Premise: How many soldiers did Lee have remaining when he surrendered?

Hypothesis: Davis was captured on May 10 near Irwinville, Georgia and taken back to Virginia, where he was charged with treason and imprisoned for two years at Fort Monroe until freed on bail.


Premise: What is the Köppen abbreviation for a humid subtropical climate?

Hypothesis: Under Köppen's climate classification, portions of the city with lower elevations have a humid subtropical climate (Cwa), while portions of the city with higher elevations generally have a subtropical highland climate.


Premise: What does the religious rites performed before battle suggest that the camp has become?

Hypothesis: The most important camp-offering appears to have been the suovetaurilia performed before a major, set battle.


Premise: What can skew due to hubs add?

Hypothesis: Sometimes skew due to hubs can add as much as one bit time before the SE0 of the end of packet.


Premise: Who is considered the most famous basketball alumnus of KU?

Hypothesis: Perhaps its best recognized player was Wilt Chamberlain, who played in the 1950s.


Premise: What is another name for Anglo-Frisian?

Hypothesis: As the Anglo-Saxons became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language, and Latin, brought to Britain by Roman invasion.


Premise: What branch of idealism believes that we can only know the real world via ideas?

Hypothesis: Beyond this, idealists disagree on which aspects of the mental are more basic.


Premise: After the Franco-Spanish loss at Trafalgar, John VI resumed relations with what nation?

Hypothesis: The situation changed dramatically after the Franco-Spanish defeat at Trafalgar; John grew bolder and officially resumed diplomatic and trade relations with Britain.


Premise: Character is called what in Hellenistic art?

Hypothesis: Hellenistic art saw a turn from the idealistic, perfected, calm and composed figures of classical Greek art to a style dominated by realism and the depiction of emotion (pathos) and character (ethos).


Premise: Who did Eisenhower tell DC officials to integrate?

Hypothesis: The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil rights office inside the Justice Department and a Civil Rights Commission to hear testimony about abuses of voting rights.


Premise: Along with Downtown, in what neighborhood of Miami does Bike Miami take place?

Hypothesis: In recent years the city government, under Mayor Manny Diaz, has taken an ambitious stance in support of bicycling in Miami for both recreation and commuting.


Premise: Who holds Guiness record for Deepest salt water scuba dive?

Hypothesis: On Friday 19 September of the year 2014, Guinness World Records has announced that Egyptian scuba diver Ahmed Gabr is the new title holder for deepest salt water scuba dive, at 332.35 metres.


Premise: What did nationalism in music sometime echo?

Hypothesis: European cultural ideas and institutions began to follow colonial expansion into other parts of the world.


Premise: What is the difficulty with expanding the gem business in Burma ?

Hypothesis: Human Rights Watch has encouraged a complete ban on the purchase of Burmese gems based on these reports and because nearly all profits go to the ruling junta, as the majority of mining activity in the country is government-run.


Premise: What was Jesus a ransom sacrifice to pay for?

Hypothesis: Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus is God's only direct creation, that everything else was created by means of Christ, and that the initial unassisted act of creation uniquely identifies Jesus as God's "only-begotten Son".


Premise: What is obscure until the Early Dynastic III period around the 23rd century BC?

Hypothesis: Following the Gutian period, there is a brief Sumerian Renaissance in the 21st century BC, cut short in the 20th century BC by Semitic Amorite invasions.


Premise: Did Lisbon suffer any epidemics from the calamity?

Hypothesis: Despite the calamity and huge death toll, Lisbon suffered no epidemics and within less than one year was already being rebuilt.


Premise: Who gave money to Bell and Watson?

Hypothesis: On June 2, 1875, Watson accidentally plucked one of the reeds and Bell, at the receiving end of the wire, heard the overtones of the reed; overtones that would be necessary for transmitting speech.


Premise: When were users able to discard the disc and access Netflix directly through their PS3s?

Hypothesis: Initially users had to use a free Blu-ray disc to access the service; however, in October 2010 the requirement to use a disc to gain access was removed.


Premise: What percentage of Charleston's population was black in 1875?

Hypothesis: In the 1876 election cycle, two major riots between black Republicans and white Democrats occurred in the city, in September and the day after the election in November, as well as a violent incident in Cainhoy at an October joint discussion meeting.


Premise: What did Spain trade Florida for

Hypothesis: The British soon constructed the King's Road connecting St. Augustine to Georgia.


Premise: What 3 mountain sports are among the most popular in Switzerland?

Hypothesis: Skiing, snowboarding and mountaineering are among the most popular sports in Switzerland, the nature of the country being particularly suited for such activities.


Premise: What has been a traditional occupation for centuries?

Hypothesis: The Alpanschluss or Désalpes ("coming down from the alps") is celebrated by decorating the cows with garlands and enormous cowbells while the farmers dress in traditional costumes.


Premise: Why did archaeologists count Iran as "The Near East"?

Hypothesis: The East Indies, or "Far East," derived ultimately from Ptolemy's "India Beyond the Ganges.


Premise: When did Vitruvius create these plans?

Hypothesis: According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, commonly known by the original translation – firmness, commodity and delight.


Premise: What group believes the terms Near East and Middle East denote the same territories?

Hypothesis: The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations defines the region similarly, but also includes Afghanistan while excluding the countries of North Africa and the Palestinian territories.


Premise: What east-west artery in New Haven serves Union Station?

Hypothesis: To the northeast are Middletown Avenue (Route 17), which leads to the Montowese section of North Haven, and Foxon Boulevard (Route 80), which leads to the Foxon section of East Haven and to the town of North Branford.


Premise: what amendment did the chairman of the FCC compare this ruling to?

Hypothesis: The FCC Chairman, Tom Wheeler, commented, "This is no more a plan to regulate the Internet than the First Amendment is a plan to regulate free speech.


Premise: What followed cuneiform in writing?

Hypothesis: Although pictures — that is, hieroglyphs — were first used, cuneiform and then Ideograms (where symbols were made to represent ideas) soon followed.


Premise: In what borough is the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts located?

Hypothesis: Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, anchoring Lincoln Square on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, is home to numerous influential arts organizations, including the Metropolitan Opera, New York City Opera, New York Philharmonic, and New York City Ballet, as well as the Vivian Beaumont Theater, the Juilliard School, Jazz at Lincoln Center, and Alice Tully Hall.


Premise: What did George Sarton write?

Hypothesis: His medical texts were unusual in that where controversy existed between Galen and Aristotle's views on medical matters (such as anatomy), he preferred to side with Aristotle, where necessary updating Aristotle's position to take into account post-Aristotelian advances in anatomical knowledge.


Premise: Why have perks like relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges been allowed for churches?

Hypothesis: A circuit court ruling affirmed Ohio's right to use as its motto a passage from the Bible, "With God, all things are possible", because it displayed no preference for a particular religion.


Premise: When did the Duke of Kent die?

Hypothesis: Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III.


Premise: Where did Nasser attend law school?

Hypothesis: Disappointed, he enrolled in the law school at King Fuad University, but quit after one semester to reapply to the Military Academy.


Premise: What was ceded to Namibia in 1994?

Hypothesis: Sam Nujoma was sworn in as the first President of Namibia watched by Nelson Mandela (who had been released from prison the previous month) and representatives from 147 countries, including 20 heads of state.


Premise: What was the name of extinction level event that ended the dominance of the carnivores among therapsids?

Hypothesis: The Permian–Triassic extinction event, which was a prolonged event due to the accumulation of several extinction pulses, ended the dominance of the carnivores among the therapsids.


Premise: How many muscians, at most, could make up a chamber ensemble during the classical period?

Hypothesis: Chamber music grew to include ensembles with as many as 8 to 10 performers for serenades.


Premise: What type of action was attempted on the eunuchs?

Hypothesis: He and his troops confronted Dou Wu and his retainers at the palace gate where each side shouted accusations of treason against the other.


Premise: Was Texas a primarily a Spanish speaking state?

Hypothesis: In 1846, the Republic dissolved when Texas entered the United States of America as a state.


Premise: How many instances has Estonia appeared in the EuroBasket tournament?

Hypothesis: Estonia national basketball team previously participated in 1936 Summer Olympics, appeared in EuroBasket four times.


Premise: What safety mechanisms are still required, despite lower design costs?

Hypothesis: Construction may be less robust than in commercial designs with shorter maintenance periods, but safety systems such as locks on shaft access doors, fall arrestors, and emergency phones must still be present in the event of malfunction.


Premise: What does the Inner City Press now focus on?

Hypothesis: Four non-profit news outlets, Norwood News, Mount Hope Monitor, Mott Haven Herald and The Hunts Point Express serve the borough's poorer communities.


Premise: How many people were killed in Liverpool?

Hypothesis: The main Atlantic sea port of Liverpool was bombed, causing nearly 4,000 deaths within the Merseyside area during the war.


Premise: When were Switzerland women granted the right to vote on a federal level?

Hypothesis: Switzerland was the last Western republic to grant women the right to vote.


Premise: How is it determined, which cells will be formed?

Hypothesis: as it continues to divide.


Premise: Why were sports important in these schools?

Hypothesis: These schools produced the civil servants and military and naval officers required to build and maintain the British empire, and team sports were considered a vital tool for training their students to think and act as part of a team.


Premise: Which area of the brain is important for controlling impulses and planning ahead?

Hypothesis: The first areas of the brain to be pruned are those involving primary functions, such as motor and sensory areas.


Premise: What percentage of Notre Dame students decide to study abroad?

Hypothesis: According to payscale.com, undergraduate alumni of University of Notre Dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making it the 24th highest among colleges and universities in the United States.


Premise: Who is responsible for the first fictionalized account of Chopin's life?

Hypothesis: Chopin was written by Giacomo Orefice and produced in Milan in 1901.


Premise: What is the decolonization of the Americas?

Hypothesis: The Spanish American wars of independence were the numerous wars against Spanish rule in Spanish America that took place during the early 19th century, from 1808 until 1829, directly related to the Napoleonic French invasion of Spain.


Premise: WHat percentage of people suffer from atypical symptoms?

Hypothesis: About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically.


Premise: When was Richmond first settled?

Hypothesis: During the Revolutionary War period, several notable events occurred in the city, including Patrick Henry's "Give me liberty or give me death" speech in 1775 at St. John's Church, and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson.


Premise: How much did the population increase since 2010?

Hypothesis: The 2010 census put Montana's population at 989,415 which is an increase of 43,534 people, or 4.40 percent, since 2010.


Premise: What did Paul Vi's reforms reduce in the Curia?

Hypothesis: Pope Paul VI knew the Roman Curia well, having worked there for a generation from 1922 to 1954.


Premise: The Supreme Court of India Museum is located in what major city?

Hypothesis: and Supreme Court of India Museum.


Premise: What previous disadvantage of Norfolk Island was seen as an advantage for holding male convicts?

Hypothesis: However, a recent study has demonstrated, utilising a database of 6,458 Norfolk Island convicts, that the reality was somewhat different: more than half were detained at Norfolk Island without ever receiving a colonial conviction, and only 15% had been reprieved from a death sentence.


Premise: Who runs Paris' oldest theater today?

Hypothesis: The oldest and most famous Paris theatre is the Comédie-Française, founded in 1680.


Premise: What system were institutes of technology a part of during the seventies, eighties, and early nineties?

Hypothesis: They were part of the College of Advanced Education system.


Premise: What is a sounds commonly heard when listening to a vinyl that is unintentional.

Hypothesis: Tonearm skating forces and other perturbations are also picked up by the stylus.


Premise: What term describes the vibrational lattice mode that turns to 0 frequency at the change?

Hypothesis: Likewise, group theory helps predict the changes in physical properties that occur when a material undergoes a phase transition, for example, from a cubic to a tetrahedral crystalline form.


Premise: What federal district court has jurisdiction over Staten Island?

Hypothesis: Uniquely among major American cities, New York is divided between, and is host to the main branches of, two different US district courts: the District Court for the Southern District of New York, whose main courthouse is on Foley Square near City Hall in Manhattan and whose jurisdiction includes Manhattan and the Bronx, and the District Court for the Eastern District of New York, whose main courthouse is in Brooklyn and whose jurisdiction includes Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island.


Premise: How did Burke say we look towards magistrates?

Hypothesis: Burke put forward that "We fear God, we look up with awe to kings; with affection to parliaments; with duty to magistrates; with reverence to priests; and with respect to nobility.


Premise: What did Christopher Green say of the difference between traditional cubist and Salon Cubists?

Hypothesis: "It is by no means clear, in any case," wrote Christopher Green, "to what extent these other Cubists depended on Picasso and Braque for their development of such techniques as faceting, 'passage' and multiple perspective; they could well have arrived at such practices with little knowledge of 'true' Cubism in its early stages, guided above all by their own understanding of Cézanne."


Premise: Nearly half of Americam high school girls hope to achieve what goal with their diet?

Hypothesis: Nearly half of all American high school girls' diets are to lose weight.


Premise: Who criticized The Sun for its reporting on AIDS and HIV?

Hypothesis: Critics stated that both The Sun and Lord Kilbracken cherry-picked the results from one specific study while ignoring other data reports on HIV infection and not just AIDS infection, which the critics viewed as unethical politicisation of a medical issue.


Premise: How many troops did Greece send to Cyprus?

Hypothesis: Greece dispatched 10,000 troops to Cyprus to counter a possible Turkish invasion.


Premise: Why are the use of rifles banned?

Hypothesis: The use of rifles is often banned for safety reasons in areas with high population densities or limited topographic relief.


Premise: What was the samurai's long sword called?

Hypothesis: katana and wakizashi) becoming more of a symbolic emblem of power rather than a weapon used in daily life.


Premise: Along with art, how was religious instruction commonly received in the late 6th century?

Hypothesis: By the late 6th century, the principal means of religious instruction in the Church had become music and art rather than the book.


Premise: Which company owns the rights to National Hockey League broadcasts?

Hypothesis: Under the CBC's current arrangement with Rogers Communications for National Hockey League broadcast rights, Hockey Night in Canada broadcasts on CBC-owned stations and affiliates are not technically aired over the CBC Television network, but over a separate CRTC-licensed part-time network operated by Rogers.


Premise: Jack Kerouac authored what iconic book?

Hypothesis: The artist colony attracted writers and poets including beat generation Alan Harrington and Jack Kerouac whose visit is documented in his iconic book On the Road.


Premise: Destabilization of what regime was the main goal of Napoleon's followers?

Hypothesis: Widespread rumors of Napoleon's return from St. Helena and Napoleon as an inspiration for patriotism, individual and collective liberties, and political mobilization manifested themselves in seditious materials, displaying the tricolor and rosettes.


Premise: What type of channel is WCVW 57?

Hypothesis: There are also a wide variety of radio stations in the Richmond area, catering to many different interests, including news, talk radio, and sports, as well as an eclectic mix of musical interests.


Premise: What did France sign instead of joining the Commonwealth?

Hypothesis: In 1956, the British and French prime ministers, Sir Anthony Eden and Guy Mollet, discussed the possibility of France joining the Commonwealth.


Premise: Who can determine a date of adjournment if congress cannot agree?

Hypothesis: The Vice President serves as president of the Senate, but he may only vote to break a tie.


Premise: What percentage of beer was sold in cans in Sweden in 2001?

Hypothesis: In Sweden in 2001, 63.9% of beer was sold in cans.


Premise: What 19th century informal political office did the modern role of White House Chief of Staff correspond to?

Hypothesis: Since the 19th century, many if not all presidents were assisted by a central figure or "gatekeeper", sometimes described as the President's Private Secretary, sometimes with no official title at all.


Premise: Is QUEL still used to access data in INGRES?

Hypothesis: INGRES was similar to System R in a number of ways, including the use of a "language" for data access, known as QUEL.


Premise: What helped with better fuse setting?

Hypothesis: The HRF was soon joined by the Height/Fuse Indicator (HFI), this was marked with elevation angles and height lines overlaid with fuse length curves, using the height reported by the HRF operator, the necessary fuse length could be read off.


Premise: In what year did the Greeks take Tripolitsa?

Hypothesis: This had the effect of galvanizing public opinion in western Europe in favor of the Greek rebels.[page needed]


Premise: What network broadcast ArenaBowl XXI?

Hypothesis: This deal included television rights for the ESPN family of networks.


Premise: Russians are generally similar to populations in what region?

Hypothesis: Autosomally, Russians are generally similar to populations in central-eastern Europe but some northern Russians are intermediate to Finno-Ugric groups.


Premise: The two subdivisions of what group include Palaeognathae and Neognathae?

Hypothesis: All modern birds lie within the crown group Aves (alternately Neornithes), which has two subdivisions: the Palaeognathae, which includes the flightless ratites (such as the ostriches) and the weak-flying tinamous, and the extremely diverse Neognathae, containing all other birds.


Premise: When did the Swaziland constitution come to be?

Hypothesis: Changes to the original constitution proposed by the Legislative Council were accepted by Britain and a new constitution providing for a House of Assembly and Senate was drawn up.


Premise: Where is the earliest mention of Magadha people?

Hypothesis: The Magadha kingdom included republican communities such as the community of Rajakumara.


Premise: What year did the intercommunal violence between Greek and Cypriots occur?

Hypothesis: In 1963, the 11-year intercommunal violence between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots started, which displaced more than 25,000 Turkish Cypriots and brought the end of Turkish Cypriot representation in the republic.


Premise: Who was the son of Murad II?

Hypothesis: Because of bad relations between the states of western Europe and the later Byzantine Empire, the majority of the Orthodox population accepted Ottoman rule as preferable to Venetian rule.


Premise: Who reported the complete decoding of the “I” signals components?

Hypothesis: A month later, researchers from Stanford University reported the complete decoding of the “


Premise: How deep is Suez canal?

Hypothesis: It contains no locks; seawater flows freely through the canal.


Premise: When did the Papal States exist?

Hypothesis: In the 19th and (before the end of World War II) 20th centuries, the Roman Catholic Church adhered to a distinction between "good antisemitism" and "bad antisemitism".


Premise: What is the name of Comcast's channel available to subscribers in east coast markets?

Hypothesis: Comcast also has a variety network known as Comcast Network, available exclusively to Comcast and Cablevision subscribers.


Premise: How is the transept positioned in relation to the nave?

Hypothesis: Other new features of religious architecture include the crossing tower and a monumental entrance to the church, usually at the west end of the building.


Premise: Which founding members were responsible for the red shirts?

Hypothesis: For much of Arsenal's history, their home colours have been bright red shirts with white sleeves and white shorts, though this has not always been the case.


Premise: What did Vogue request?

Hypothesis: Emmett Price, a professor of music at Northeastern University, wrote in 2007, that he thinks race plays a role in many of these criticisms, saying white celebrities who dress similarly do not attract as many comments.


Premise: What may be doubled to indicate a long aspiration?

Hypothesis: The aspiration modifier letter may be doubled to indicate especially strong or long aspiration.


Premise: What historic hotel is downtown?

Hypothesis: In the 2000s, an effort by the Downtown Raleigh Alliance was made to separate this area of the city into five smaller districts: Fayetteville Street, Moore Square, Glenwood South, Warehouse (Raleigh), and Capital District (Raleigh).


Premise: What do modern hunters see themselves as?

Hypothesis: Some modern hunters see themselves as conservationists and sportsmen in the mode of Theodore Roosevelt and the Boone and Crockett Club.


Premise: How does water vapor inside a light bulb affect lamp darkening?

Hypothesis: The equivalent of a drop of water distributed over 500,000 lamps will significantly increase darkening.


Premise: On what day were King Dom Carlos I and and his heir, Prince Royal Dom Luis Filipe, Duke of Braganza, murdered?

Hypothesis: Manuel II of Portugal became the new king, but was eventually overthrown by the 5 October 1910 revolution, which abolished the regime and instated republicanism in Portugal.


Premise: An agreement was finally signed in Canberra on March 12, 2015, to do what for Norfolk Island?

Hypothesis: However, by May 2013 agreement had not been reached and islanders were having to leave to find work and welfare.


Premise: The first feature of Coordinative definition involves what?

Hypothesis: The first has to do with coordinating units of length with certain physical objects.


Premise: Schwarzenegger underwent heart valve replacement in what year?

Hypothesis: Schwarzenegger opted in 1997 for a replacement heart valve made of his own transplanted tissue; medical experts predicted he would require heart valve replacement surgery in the following two to eight years as his valve would progressively degrade.


Premise: What type of document could be produced to distribute some of an inheritance?

Hypothesis: A different distribution of the remainder could be specified in a will, but it is unclear how common this was.


Premise: When was Tibet dominated by the Manchus?

Hypothesis: For several decades, peace reigned in Tibet, but in 1792 the Qing Qianlong Emperor sent a large Chinese army into Tibet to push the invading Nepalese out.


Premise: Who created and popularized many of the sports that we love today?

Hypothesis: Today's association of football with the working classes began in 1885 when the FA changed its rules to allow professional players.


Premise: Are tidewater glaciers more or less affected by climate change than other glaciers?

Hypothesis: Tidewater glaciers undergo centuries-long cycles of advance and retreat that are much less affected by the climate change than those of other glaciers.


Premise: What species declined due to hunting in Afghanistand and Asia?

Hypothesis: For example, in the East Asian–Australasian Flyway, up to 65% of key intertidal habitat at the Yellow Sea migration bottleneck has been destroyed since the 1950s.


Premise: What did white fathers do after the American Revolution to provide for mixed children?

Hypothesis: In some cases, white fathers provided for their multiracial children, paying or arranging for education or apprenticeships and freeing them, particularly during the two decades following the American Revolution.


Premise: Who said Beyoncé is the heir-apparent diva of the United States?

Hypothesis: Right now, she is the heir-apparent diva of the USA — the reigning national voice."


Premise: Which pope proclaimed the Immaculate Conception of Mary?

Hypothesis: Orthodox Christians reject the Immaculate Conception dogma principally because their understanding of ancestral sin (the Greek term corresponding to the Latin "original sin") differs from the Augustinian interpretation and that of the Roman Catholic Church.


Premise: What type of language study involves trying to deduce underlying phonomes?

Hypothesis: Part of the phonological study of a language therefore involves looking at data (phonetic transcriptions of the speech of native speakers) and trying to deduce what the underlying phonemes are and what the sound inventory of the language is.


Premise: The Swiss has viewed themselves as their own country since what year?

Hypothesis: The Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler, attempted to unite all the people they claimed were "Germans" (Volksdeutsche) into one realm, including ethnic Germans in eastern Europe, many of whom had emigrated more than one hundred fifty years before and developed separate cultures in their new lands.


Premise: Which record labels really supported the British post-punk movement?

Hypothesis: The network of supportive record labels that included Industrial, Fast, E.G., Mute, Axis/4AD and Glass continued to facilitate a large output of music, by artists such as the Raincoats, Essential Logic, Killing Joke, the Teardrop Explodes, and the Psychedelic Furs.


Premise: What is the name of the color pigment on building structures that are made using copper.

Hypothesis: Decorative art prominently features copper, both by itself and in the form of pigments.


Premise: What is first copied into RNA as an intermediate in the manufacture of the final protein product?

Hypothesis: A typical protein-coding gene is first copied into RNA as an intermediate in the manufacture of the final protein product.:6.1


Premise: What plumbing component was once made out of elm?

Hypothesis: Nearly all boats were made out of wood until the late 19th century, and wood remains in common use today in boat construction.


Premise: Where is 'Discoveryland!'?

Hypothesis: In Sand Springs, an outdoor amphitheater called "Discoveryland!" is the official performance headquarters for the musical Oklahoma!


Premise: Haredi and Hasidic Jewry have an attachment to what movement?

Hypothesis: Modern Orthodox Jews, compared to both the non-Orthodox American Jewry and the Haredi and Hasidic Jewry, also tend to have a stronger connection to Israel due to their attachment to Zionism.


Premise: In 1860, what fraction of the city population was composed of Irish immigrants?

Hypothesis: Over 200,000 were living in New York by 1860, upwards of a quarter of the city's population.


Premise: What did Baldwin liken the hydrofoil boat to?

Hypothesis: Baldwin described it as being as smooth as flying.


Premise: What did they collect to use in this method?

Hypothesis: Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje in Macedonia and Strachimir Mavrodiev from the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences attempted to establish a "time prediction method" through collecting statistics on geomagnetism with tidal gravitational potential.


Premise: Why was Neuman rejected from joining US Army?

Hypothesis: He passed the exams easily, but was ultimately rejected because of his age.


Premise: When was Suez canal completed?

Hypothesis: The Suez Canal, built in partnership with the French, was completed in 1869.


Premise: How many scholars outside of linguistics agree with the Royal Academy?

Hypothesis: A minority of Valencian scholars active in fields other than linguistics defends the position of the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV), which uses for Valencian a standard independent from Catalan.


Premise: What caused  the Hindenburg to explode?

Hypothesis: Pure hydrogen-oxygen flames emit ultraviolet light and with high oxygen mix are nearly invisible to the naked eye, as illustrated by the faint plume of the Space Shuttle Main Engine compared to the highly visible plume of a Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster.


Premise: Boston was the location of many important events of what war?

Hypothesis: Many of the crucial events of the American Revolution—the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, Paul Revere's midnight ride, the battles of Lexington and Concord and Bunker Hill, the Siege of Boston, and many others—occurred in or near Boston.


Premise: How many tons of waste are recycled at Northwestern yearly?

Hypothesis: Additionally, all landscape waste at the university is composted.


Premise: What is the bus system called in Mexico City?

Hypothesis: The introduction of Metrobús bus rapid transit and the Ecobici bike-sharing were among efforts to encourage alternate, greener forms of transportation.


Premise: What is the French term for Sassou's political party?

Hypothesis: Congo-Brazzaville has had a multi-party political system since the early 1990s, although the system is heavily dominated by President Denis Sassou Nguesso; he has lacked serious competition in the presidential elections held under his rule.


Premise: What has the 'war on terror' been used as an excuse for?

Hypothesis: The notion of a "war" against "terrorism" has proven highly contentious, with critics charging that it has been exploited by participating governments to pursue long-standing policy/military objectives, reduce civil liberties, and infringe upon human rights.


Premise: What were the two earliest know cultural tribes in Switerland?

Hypothesis: One of the most important tribal groups in the Swiss region was the Helvetii.


Premise: When did these communities begin?

Hypothesis: Others are descendants of the historical Trans-Saharan trade in peoples and/or, and after the Arab invasions of North Africa in the 7th century, descendants of slaves from the Arab Slave Trade in North Africa.


Premise: How many uninsured New Yorkers take advantage of HHC?

Hypothesis: A public benefit corporation with $6.7 billion in annual revenues, HHC is the largest municipal healthcare system in the United States serving 1.4 million patients, including more than 475,000 uninsured city residents.


Premise: Representatives from where were present in the Anthropological Society of London?

Hypothesis: Representatives from the French Société were present, though not Broca.


Premise: Who did he introduce Bulgarian pilgrims to?

Hypothesis: In October 1935, he led Bulgarian pilgrims to Rome and introduced them to Pope Pius XI on 14 October.


Premise: When was the wedding of Rolfe and Pocahontas?

Hypothesis: Their son Thomas Rolfe was an ancestor to many descendants in First Families of Virginia.


Premise: In which year did a constitutional convention meet to form a new state out of the unincorporated territory that would become Tennessee?

Hypothesis: When a constitutional convention met in 1796 to organize a new state out of the Southwest Territory, it adopted "Tennessee" as the name of the state.


Premise: How is the entire connecting assembly of a USB connector protected?

Hypothesis: Many previous connector designs were fragile, specifying embedded component pins or other delicate parts that were vulnerable to bending or breaking.


Premise: Who stated that Church law can be seen in the growth of civil law institutions?

Hypothesis: Edson Luiz Sampel, a Brazilian expert in canon law, says that canon law is contained in the genesis of various institutes of civil law, such as the law in continental Europe and Latin American countries.


Premise: When did Ross Sackett study time and energy for hunter-gartherer groups?

Hypothesis: According to Sahlins, ethnographic data indicated that hunter-gatherers worked far fewer hours and enjoyed more leisure than typical members of industrial society, and they still ate well.


Premise: What country was the Armée d'Angleterre intended to strike at?

Hypothesis: A single corps properly situated in a strong defensive position could survive at least a day without support, giving the Grande Armée countless strategic and tactical options on every campaign.


Premise: What document was signed in 1999?

Hypothesis: In 1999, the representatives of Lutheran World Federation and Catholic Church signed the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification, apparently resolving the conflict over the nature of justification which was at the root of the Protestant Reformation, although Confessional Lutherans reject this statement.


Premise: The Erector Square complex is a gallery that is located where?

Hypothesis: Others include City Gallery and A. Leaf Gallery in the downtown area.


Premise: What was the third largest denomination in North carolina in 2010?

Hypothesis: The third was the Roman Catholic Church, with 428,000 members in 190 congregations.


Premise: What year was Qiantang raised in status and renamed Hangzhou?

Hypothesis: Despite the continuing prominence of Nanjing (then known as Jiankang), the settlement of Qiantang, the former name of Hangzhou, remained one of the three major metropolitan centers in the south to provide major tax revenue to the imperial centers in the north China.


Premise: With whom did Hayek more frequently converse?

Hypothesis: He preferred to associate with adults.


Premise: When was a ruling handed down on the Mount Soledad cross controversy?

Hypothesis: On December 20, 2005, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ruled in the case of ACLU v. Mercer County that the continued display of the Ten Commandments as part of a larger display on American legal traditions in a Kentucky courthouse was allowed, because the purpose of the display (educating the public on American legal traditions) was secular in nature.


Premise: When did the Kuomintang (KMT; Nationalist Party) defeat and take over Beijing?

Hypothesis: The following decade is known as the Nanking decade.


Premise: What did Charles Darwin do to address Mivart's arguments?

Hypothesis: In January 1871, George Jackson Mivart's On the Genesis of Species listed detailed arguments against natural selection, and claimed it included false metaphysics.


Premise: When was the beta version of Windows 8 made available to the public?

Hypothesis: Alongside other changes, the build removed the Start button from the taskbar for the first time since its debut on Windows 95; according to Windows manager Chaitanya Sareen, the Start button was removed to reflect their view that on Windows 8, the desktop was an "app" itself, and not the primary interface of the operating system.


Premise: Hipparchus' star may be depicted in a statue called what?

Hypothesis: It has recently been claimed that a celestial globe based on Hipparchus's star catalog sits atop the broad shoulders of a large 2nd-century Roman statue known as the Farnese Atlas.


Premise: What was Humphrey Gilbert's second destination?

Hypothesis: Gilbert did not survive the return journey to England, and was succeeded by his half-brother, Walter Raleigh, who was granted his own patent by Elizabeth in 1584.


Premise: When was William of Orange assassinated?

Hypothesis: In 1582 the United Provinces invited Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take Antwerp in 1583, the duke left the Netherlands again.


Premise: When could white women and black men be in a union?

Hypothesis: In the colonial years, while conditions were more fluid, white women, indentured servant or free, and African men, servant, slave or free, made unions.


Premise: How much land did the Native Americans own in 1934?

Hypothesis: During the U.S. government's westward expansion, Native Americans were displaced from their land which had been their home for centuries.


Premise: What surrounds the mid-evil inner city

Hypothesis: Another landmark is the old centre and the canal structure in the inner city.


Premise: Which document, granted by Edward VII, was officially signed on the 8th of July 1907?

Hypothesis: In 1907, the newly established Board of Education found that greater capacity for higher technical education was needed and a proposal to merge the City and Guilds College, the Royal School of Mines and the Royal College of Science was approved and passed, creating The Imperial College of Science and Technology as a constituent college of the University of London.


Premise: What were the angiosperms up to by the late Cretaceous?

Hypothesis: By the late Cretaceous, angiosperms appear to have dominated environments formerly occupied by ferns and cycadophytes, but large canopy-forming trees replaced conifers as the dominant trees only close to the end of the Cretaceous 66 million years ago or even later, at the beginning of the Tertiary.


Premise: What year did Joseph Dobrovský release a German-language grammar of Old Czech?

Hypothesis: During the revival, in 1809 linguist and historian Josef Dobrovský released a German-language grammar of Old Czech entitled Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache (Comprehensive Doctrine of the Bohemian Language).


Premise: When a comic panel has events that are not at the same time the panel is considered to be what?

Hypothesis: The reader puts the pieces together via the process of closure by using background knowledge and an understanding of panel relations to combine panels mentally into events.


Premise: What year did Dean Amadon make his proposal?

Hypothesis: The seventy-five percent rule still has defenders but other scholars argue that it should be replaced with ninety or ninety-five percent rule.


Premise: On what date did the German army declare Paris as an open city?

Hypothesis: On 16–17 July 1942, following German orders, the French police and gendarmes arrested 12,884 Jews, including 4,115 children, and confined them during five days at the Vel d'Hiv (Vélodrome d'Hiver), from which they were transported by train to the extermination camp at Auschwitz.


Premise: What does Neptune's wind speeds reach?

Hypothesis: Most of the winds on Neptune move in a direction opposite the planet's rotation.


Premise: When did Agence open in Paris?

Hypothesis: AFP, as it is colloquially abbreviated, maintains its headquarters in Paris, as it has since 1835.


Premise: How do most animals use the energy of sunlight?

Hypothesis: Most animals indirectly use the energy of sunlight by eating plants or plant-eating animals.


Premise: Where was the FA cup held while this stadium was built?

Hypothesis: The rebuilding process meant that between 2001 and 2006 they were hosted at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff in Wales.


Premise: Who is seeking minority status from the government?

Hypothesis: African-Iraquis have sought minority status from the government, which would reserve some seats in Parliament for representatives of their population.


Premise: What languages strongly influenced Czech?

Hypothesis: Although most Czech vocabulary is based on shared roots with Slavic, Romance, and Germanic languages, many loanwords (most associated with high culture) have been adopted in recent years.


Premise: According to the 2000 United States Census, what percentage of the population of Atlantic City were white?

Hypothesis: The racial makeup of the city was 44.16% black or African American, 26.68% White, 0.48% Native American, 10.40% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 13.76% other races, and 4.47% from two or more races.


Premise: In what year was ARFORGEN approved?

Hypothesis: Collective training at the unit level takes place at the unit's assigned station, but the most intensive training at higher echelons is conducted at the three combat training centers (CTC); the National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California, the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) at Fort Polk, Louisiana, and the Joint Multinational Training Center (JMRC) at the Hohenfels Training Area in Hohenfels, Germany.


Premise: What is a moer low-key way that NPOs can get access to marketing and word of mouth?

Hypothesis: There are strategic ways in which nonprofits can leverage their access to various community stakeholders to get their name and cause recognized by the public, but it is imperative to have an outreach strategy which includes a financial plan to execute that outreach/marketing strategy, particularly if the organization has plans to rebrand or expand their initiaives.


Premise: How high could the homeless number possibly go?

Hypothesis: On November 6, 2008, the central government announced that it would spend 1 trillion RMB (about US $146.5 billion) over the next three years to rebuild areas ravaged by the earthquake, as part of the Chinese economic stimulus program.


Premise: Why did Squeeze LDs have a very limited market?

Hypothesis: Since very few people owned 16:9 displays, the marketability of these special discs was very limited.


Premise: Who does the evaluations for drugs in the United Kingdom?

Hypothesis: In the UK, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency approves drugs for use, though the evaluation is done by the European Medicines Agency, an agency of the European Union based in London.


Premise: What made a strong economic case for investing in low carbon technologies?

Hypothesis: Also in 2006, the Stern Review made a strong economic case for investing in low carbon technologies now, and argued that economic growth need not be incompatible with cutting energy consumption.


Premise: Where are glucose and galactose absorbed?

Hypothesis: Glucose and galactose can be absorbed by the small intestine.


Premise: To what profession do both Leonard Lieberman and Fatimah Linda Jackson belong?

Hypothesis: As the anthropologists Leonard Lieberman and Fatimah Linda Jackson observed, "Discordant patterns of heterogeneity falsify any description of a population as if it were genotypically or even phenotypically homogeneous".


Premise: By which year had most of the Native Americans been forced out of the Tennessee region?

Hypothesis: As European colonists spread into the area, the Indian populations were forcibly displaced to the south and west, including all Muscogee and Yuchi peoples, the Chickasaw and Choctaw, and ultimately, the Cherokee in 1838.


Premise: What act has rules and regulations for bilingual election?

Hypothesis: "Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes (i.e., enforcing bilingual election rules under the Voting Rights Act; monitoring and enforcing equal employment opportunities under the Civil Rights Act).


Premise: Why did it receive this award?

Hypothesis: In 2013–14, due to improved television revenues and cost controls, the Premier League had net profits in excess of £78 million, exceeding all other football leagues.


Premise: In 2014, what did the census estimate the population of New York City to be?

Hypothesis: By 2014 census estimates, the New York City metropolitan region remains by a significant margin the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.1 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.6 million residents).


Premise: Along with Roosevelt and Churchill, what political leader decided upon the division of Germany?

Hypothesis: The British backed down, but then wanted Eisenhower to move into Czechoslovakia for political reasons.


Premise: What is the meaning of the later-believed pre-Celtic Old European origin of London's name?

Hypothesis: Richard Coates put forward an explanation in 1998 that it is derived from the pre-Celtic Old European


Premise: When did Japan begin invading Korea?

Hypothesis: He commanded most of Japan's major clans during the invasion of Korea (1592–1598).


Premise: What did Beyoncé and Jay Z name their daughter?

Hypothesis: On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York under heavy security.


Premise: How many public schools are regulated by the 1868 Public Schools Act?

Hypothesis: Following the public school tradition, Eton is a full boarding school, which means all pupils live at the school, and it is one of four such remaining single-sex boys' public schools in the United Kingdom (the others being Harrow, Radley, and Winchester) to continue this practice.


Premise: Where is North Carolina State University?

Hypothesis: North Carolina State University is located in southwest Raleigh where the Wolfpack competes nationally in 24 intercollegiate varsity sports as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference.


Premise: Who commanded the armies across the Pruth River?

Hypothesis: Shortly after he learned of the failure of Menshikov's diplomacy toward the end of June 1853, the Tsar sent armies under the commands of Field Marshal Ivan Paskevich and General Mikhail Gorchakov across the Pruth River into the Ottoman-controlled Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia.


Premise: What is the type of symbiotic relationship where the symbionts can live together but can also survive alone?

Hypothesis: Some symbiotic relationships are obligate, meaning that both symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival.


Premise: Who wrote "Poem to the Memory of Newton?"

Hypothesis: James Thomson (1700–1748) penned his "Poem to the Memory of Newton," which mourned the loss of Newton, but also praised his science and legacy.


Premise: What is the river that the 40th, 3rd, and 6th Japanese divisions tried crossing to reach Changsha?

Hypothesis: In mainland China, the Japanese 3rd, 6th, and 40th Divisions massed at Yueyang and advanced southward in three columns and crossed the Xinqiang River, and tried again to cross the Miluo River to reach Changsha.


Premise: Autosomal DNA is what?

Hypothesis: Currently, there are three types of genetic origin testing, autosomal DNA (atDNA), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA).


Premise: What types of dancing are performed by BYU's The Living Legends?

Hypothesis: The Living Legends perform Latin, Native American, and Polynesian dancing.


Premise: When did Suzanne Shell's suit against Internet Archive come to an end?

Hypothesis: The Internet Archive said it "...has no interest in including materials in the Wayback Machine of persons who do not wish to have their Web content archived.


Premise: Who said that thousands of pro-Beijing supporters would be bused in?

Hypothesis: Tony Goh, chairman of the Australian Council of Chinese Organisations, has said the ACCO would be taking "thousands" of pro-Beijing demonstrators to Canberra by bus, to support the torch relay.


Premise: What are cladding layers?

Hypothesis: They have an active region consisting of one or more InGaN quantum wells sandwiched between thicker layers of GaN, called cladding layers.


Premise: What monuments were the some of most visible of Roman culture?

Hypothesis: The Latin word templum originally referred not to the temple building itself, but to a sacred space surveyed and plotted ritually through augury: "The architecture of the ancient Romans was, from first to last, an art of shaping space around ritual."


Premise: How was Homo sapiens europaeus described as?

Hypothesis: The 1735 classification of Carl Linnaeus, inventor of zoological taxonomy, divided the human race Homo sapiens into continental varieties of europaeus, asiaticus, americanus, and afer, each associated with a different humour: sanguine, melancholic, choleric, and phlegmatic, respectively.


Premise: How many of Detroit's residential lots are are underdeveloped?

Hypothesis: These neighborhoods are concentrated in the northeast and on the city's fringes.


Premise: What began replacing hunting-gathering at the end of the Mesolithic period?

Hypothesis: Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens.


Premise: When was copper thought to have been discovered in China?

Hypothesis: It has a history of use that is at least 10,000 years old, and estimates of its discovery place it at 9000 BC in the Middle East; a copper pendant was found in northern Iraq that dates to 8700 BC.


Premise: Who caused the Census Burea to drop the terms free people of color and mulatto?

Hypothesis: When those terms were dropped, as a result of the lobbying by the Southern Congressional bloc, the Census Bureau used only the binary classifications of black or white, as was typical in segregated southern states.


Premise: What is the largest bank in Uruguay?

Hypothesis: Banking has traditionally been one of the strongest service export sectors in Uruguay: the country was once dubbed "the Switzerland of America", mainly for its banking sector and stability, although that stability has been threatened in the 21st century by the recent global economic climate.


Premise: Which university is the second oldest in Australia?

Hypothesis: The University of Melbourne, the second oldest university in Australia, was ranked first among Australian universities in the 2010 THES international rankings.


Premise: Who renamed the Qing dynasty in 1363?

Hypothesis: Nurhaci declared himself the "Bright Khan" of the Later Jin (lit. "gold") state in honor both of the 12–13th century Jurchen Jin dynasty and of his Aisin Gioro clan (Aisin being Manchu for the Chinese 金 (jīn, "gold")).


Premise: What was the war often referred to in France as?

Hypothesis: Some historians argue that the Prussian chancellor Otto von Bismarck planned to provoke a French attack in order to draw the southern German states—Baden, Württemberg, Bavaria and Hesse-Darmstadt—into an alliance with the North German Confederation dominated by Prussia, while others contend that Bismarck did not plan anything and merely exploited the circumstances as they unfolded.


Premise: Who was the first contestant to benefit from the Judges Save?

Hypothesis: A new feature introduced was the "Judges' Save", and Matt Giraud was saved from elimination at the top seven by the judges when he received the fewest votes.


Premise: What is Ciudad Satelite?

Hypothesis: Northwest of Mexico City itself is Ciudad Satélite, a vast middle to upper-middle-class residential and business area.


Premise: For how long has the National Archives prohibited flash photography?

Hypothesis: Once inside the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom, there are no lines to see the individual documents and visitors are allowed to walk from document to document as they wish.


Premise: Predator and prey relationships that improve fitness for both species are classified as this type of relationship.

Hypothesis: Their feeding behavior is similar in many ways, however they are noted for their close association with their host species.


Premise: Strepsiptera and Diptera grouped together are called what?

Hypothesis: Fleas are now thought to be closely related to boreid mecopterans.


Premise: What may be the earliest vocabulary that the word "dog" came from?

Hypothesis: The term "domestic dog" is generally used for both of the domesticated and feral varieties.


Premise: In what year was John Locke born?

Hypothesis: For Locke, this created a natural right in the liberty of conscience, which he said must therefore remain protected from any government authority.


Premise: In whose depictions can the evolution of Greek sculpture be observed?

Hypothesis: Finally Praxiteles seems to be released from any art and religious conformities, and his masterpieces are a mixture of naturalism with stylization.


Premise: Students in Hyderabad may be required to acquire one of two different certificates, one is  the Secondary School Certificate, what is the other?

Hypothesis: Public and private schools in Hyderabad are governed by the Central Board of Secondary Education and follow a "10+2+3" plan.


Premise: Konrad Zuse was an engineer with what nationality?

Hypothesis: The Z2, created by German engineer Konrad Zuse in 1939, was one of the earliest examples of an electromechanical relay computer.


Premise: What is an example of an unstressed possessive?

Hypothesis: in favour of constructions of article + stressed forms (el meu, etc.), a feature shared with Italian.


Premise: When did conditions become difficult for mosaic art in Rome?

Hypothesis: The 27 surviving panels of the nave are the most important mosaic cycle in Rome of this period.


Premise: Who is an example of a major anti-piracy organization?

Hypothesis: Major anti-piracy organizations, like the BSA, conduct software licensing audits regularly to ensure full compliance.


Premise: What are the two reserve components of the U.S. Army?

Hypothesis: The United States Army is made up of three components: the active component, the Regular Army; and two reserve components, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve.


Premise: Who was Turnbull elected to replace?

Hypothesis: The pair were elected to their positions at the September 2015 Liberal leadership ballot, Bishop as the incumbent deputy leader and Turnbull as a replacement for Tony Abbott, whom he consequently succeeded as Prime Minister of Australia.


Premise: Which portions of the immune system can be safely removed in these emergency cases?

Hypothesis: When health conditions worsen to emergency status, portions of immune system organs including the thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissues can be surgically excised for examination while patients are still alive.


Premise: What is the name of Howard Dean's class at Yale?

Hypothesis: As of 2009, former presidential candidate and DNC chair Howard Dean teaches a residential college seminar, "Understanding Politics and Politicians."


Premise: How could Sarton's ideas be described?

Hypothesis: The history of science was not a recognized subfield of American history in this period, and most of the work was carried out by interested scientists and physicians rather than professional historians.


Premise: What part of Houston does San Jacinto College serve?

Hypothesis: The Houston Community College System serves most of Houston.


Premise: The invention of elevators brought with it questions of social etiquette and formalities, generally referred to as what?

Hypothesis: Elevators necessitated new social protocols.


Premise: How many pages was Principia Mathematica?

Hypothesis: To add insult to injury, when it came time for publication, the three-volume work was so massive (more than 2,000 pages) and its audience so narrow (professional mathematicians) that it was initially published at a loss of 600 pounds, 300 of which was paid by Cambridge University Press, 200 by the Royal Society of London, and 50 apiece by Whitehead and Russell themselves.


Premise: What does the AAPF believe the goal of affirmative action should be?

Hypothesis: The groups goes on to say that affirmative action is responsible for creating the African American middle class, so it does not make sense to say that the system only benefits the middle and upper classes.


Premise: Who did Kerry start a bakery with?

Hypothesis: Kerry also worked as a commentator for WCVB-TV and co-founded a bakery, Kilvert & Forbes Ltd., with businessman and former Kennedy aide K. Dun Gifford.


Premise: Which specific fear was a factor in causing World War I?

Hypothesis: French determination to regain Alsace-Lorraine and fear of another Franco-German war, along with British apprehension about the balance of power, became factors in the causes of World War I.


Premise: What Royal Navy base is present in Plymouth?

Hypothesis: Plymouth has the largest cluster of marine and maritime businesses in the south west with 270 firms operating within the sector.


Premise: What days are most games played?

Hypothesis: Most games are played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons; others during weekday evenings.


Premise: How is an active list of apps accessed?

Hypothesis: Pointing the cursor in the top-left corner of the screen and moving down reveals a thumbnail list of active apps.


Premise: When did Armenia adopt Christianity?

Hypothesis: Later the region saw the first states to adopt Christianity officially - initially in Armenia (301 AD) and in Georgia (337 AD), later in the Great Russian Principality (Kyivan Rus, Russian: Великое княжество Русское, ca 988 AD).


Premise: Fishing, hunting, and birdwatching are what kind of activities that are provided in North Carolina?

Hypothesis: North Carolina provides a large range of recreational activities, from swimming at the beach to skiing in the mountains.


Premise: What was the city's unemployment rate in May 2011?

Hypothesis: In May 2011, the city's unemployment rate fell to 5.6 per cent, the second lowest unemployment rate for a major city in Canada.


Premise: When were DBMSs first used commercially?

Hypothesis: In 1971 the Database Task Group delivered their standard, which generally became known as the "CODASYL approach", and soon a number of commercial products based on this approach entered the market.


Premise: A memorial service for the nine victims was held on which college's campus?

Hypothesis: A memorial service on the campus of the College of Charleston was attended by President Barack Obama, Michelle Obama, Vice President Joe Biden, Jill Biden, and Speaker of the House John Boehner.


Premise: What new positions did Nasser give himself ?

Hypothesis: Nasser responded to the demonstrations, the most significant public challenge to his rule since workers' protests in March 1954, by removing most military figures from his cabinet and appointing eight civilians in place of several high-ranking members of the Arab Socialist Union (ASU).


Premise: Who is the first official Burmese delegate to visit the white house following the 2010 elections in Burma ?

Hypothesis: In May 2013, Thein Sein became the first Myanmar president to visit the White House in 47 years; the last Burmese leader to visit the White House was Ne Win in September 1966.


Premise: What ruler opposed the British use of permits and ended up at war?

Hypothesis: This was combined with British victories over the French at Madras, Wandiwash and Pondichéry that, along with wider British successes during the Seven Years' War, reduced French influence in India.


Premise: What Israel-Arab satirist is internationally known?

Hypothesis: The Israeli-Arab satirist Sayed Kashua (who writes in Hebrew) is also internationally known.[citation needed]


Premise: How many students are composed in Blocs?

Hypothesis: The Village is a group of residences where students who have similar interests or academic goals apply as small groups of 4 to 24, known as BLOCs, to live together in clustered suites along with non-BLOCs.


Premise: What religion was Burke's mother?

Hypothesis: Born in Ireland to a Catholic mother and a Protestant father, Burke vigorously defended the Anglican Church, but also demonstrated sensitivity to Catholic concerns.


Premise: About how many people work in the New York fashion industry?

Hypothesis: The city's fashion industry provides approximately 180,000 employees with $11 billion in annual wages.


Premise: The use of lasers in anti-aircraft warfare is currently considered what?

Hypothesis: Although air planners have imagined lasers in combat since the late 1960s, only the most modern laser systems are currently reaching what could be considered "experimental usefulness".


Premise: What did name did Claudius Ptolemy (Greco-Egyptian scientist) use for Ireland?

Hypothesis: The name Albion appears to have fallen out of use sometime after the Roman conquest of Great Britain, after which Britain became the more commonplace name for the island called Great Britain.


Premise: What effect did the raid have strategically?

Hypothesis: No follow up raids were made, as OKL underestimated the British power of recovery (as Bomber Command would do over Germany from 1943–1945).


Premise: What is the purpose of NCAZ?

Hypothesis: According to the Minister the primary task of the new organisation founded on February 23, 2011, is to detect and prevent attacks against the national infrastructure and mentioned incidents like Stuxnet.


Premise: How do most elevator doors work?

Hypothesis: Some buildings have elevators with the single door on the shaft way, and double cascading doors on the cab.


Premise: Was the landing successful?

Hypothesis: Pitt now prepared to send troops into Germany; and both Marlborough and Sackville, disgusted by what they perceived as the futility of the "descents", obtained commissions in that army.


Premise: What pop singer was an original judge on American Idol?

Hypothesis: The judging panel for the most recent season consisted of country singer Keith Urban, singer and actress Jennifer Lopez, and


Premise: What Country borders CAR in the South?

Hypothesis: It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the east, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo to the south and Cameroon to the west.


Premise: What is the name of the college a capella event that's been held since 1975?

Hypothesis: Groups often join one another in on-campus concerts, such as the Georgetown Chimes' Cherry Tree Massacre, a 3-weekend a cappella festival held each February since 1975, where over a hundred collegiate groups have appeared, as well as International Quartet Champions


Premise: How tall is Mount Damavand?

Hypothesis: The populous western part is the most mountainous, with ranges such as the Caucasus, Zagros and Alborz Mountains; the last contains Iran's highest point, Mount Damavand at 5,610 m (18,406 ft), which is also the highest mountain on the Eurasian landmass west of the Hindu Kush.


Premise: What does the Centre For Addiction and Mental heal along with the American Psychiatric association state about sexual orientation?

Hypothesis: While the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and American Psychiatric Association state that sexual orientation is innate, continuous or fixed throughout their lives for some people, but is fluid or changes over time for others, the American Psychological Association distinguishes between sexual orientation (an innate attraction) and sexual orientation identity (which may change at any point in a person's life).


Premise: Artifacts from which era suggest that the moon was used to reckon time around 6,000 years ago?

Hypothesis: The numbers twelve and thirteen came to feature prominently in many cultures, at least partly due to this relationship of months to years.


Premise: Where was one of earliest farming sites in Europe found?

Hypothesis: In southeast Europe agrarian societies first appeared in the 7th millennium BC, attested by one of the earliest farming sites of Europe, discovered in Vashtëmi, southeastern Albania and dating back to 6,500 BC.


Premise: Which countries' colonies were given to the Allied powers in 1919?

Hypothesis: The colonies of Germany and the Ottoman Empire were distributed to the Allied powers as League of Nations mandates.


Premise: What was Bell's favorite subject?

Hypothesis: The elder Bell took great efforts to have his young pupil learn to speak clearly and with conviction, the attributes that his pupil would need to become a teacher himself.


Premise: What was Darwin's process on writing his books?

Hypothesis: Darwin always finished one book before starting another.


Premise: What was the first group from outside China to join in the relief operation?

Hypothesis: Beijing accepted the aid of the Tzu Chi Foundation from Taiwan late on May 13.


Premise: How many openings in the digestive chamber do animals in the Bilateria group have?

Hypothesis: The digestive chamber has two openings, a mouth and an anus, and there is also an internal body cavity called a coelom or pseudocoelom.


Premise: What do reception statutes state is the law of the state?

Hypothesis: The actual substance of English law was formally "received" into the United States in several ways.


Premise: When did the Seljuk Turks beat the Byzantines?

Hypothesis: The Byzantine governor of the palace gave them shelter where the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia was eventually established on 6 January 1198 under King Leo


Premise: In turn, Chinese supporters have accused Western media of being what in their coverage?

Hypothesis: Chinese media coverage of the torch relay has been distinct in a number of ways from coverage elsewhere.


Premise: When did the United Kingdom colonized the Australian continent?

Hypothesis: The Australian continent was colonised by the United Kingdom in 1788, which subsequently established six, eventually self-governing, colonies there.


Premise: How many construction workers were employed in the metropolitan area?

Hypothesis: In 2011, while only 56,927 construction workers worked in Paris itself, its metropolitan area employed 246,639, in an activity centred largely around the Seine-Saint-Denis (41,378) and


Premise: Who did the protesters want to resign?

Hypothesis: In late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Scherbytsky, lampooned as "the mastodon of stagnation.


Premise: What color is hotter than "red hot"?

Hypothesis: It still was not clear why the spectrum of a hot object had the form that it has (see diagram).


Premise: How much of the Bronx was non-Hispanic white as of 2009?

Hypothesis: However, non-Hispanic whites formed under one-eighth (12.1%) of the population, down from 34.4% in 1980.


Premise: What type of herbicide selectively kills broad leef weeds?

Hypothesis: Phenoxy compounds tend to selectively kill broad-leaf weeds rather than grasses.


Premise: How are the plants classified?

Hypothesis: During the 18th century, systems of plant identification were developed comparable to dichotomous keys, where unidentified plants are placed into taxonomic groups (e.g. family, genus and species) by making a series of choices between pairs of characters.


Premise: Drama is sometimes blended with what other elements?

Hypothesis: A play is a subset of this form, referring to the written dramatic work of a playwright that is intended for performance in a theatre; it comprises chiefly dialogue between characters, and usually aims at dramatic or theatrical performance rather than at reading.


Premise: Where does Link depart from at the end of the game?

Hypothesis: After bidding farewell to Link and Zelda, Midna returns home before destroying the Mirror of Twilight with a tear to maintain balance between Hyrule and the Twilight Realm.


Premise: Which union did Russia belong to after 1922?

Hypothesis: To the west it bordered Finland, Norway and Poland; and to the south, China, Mongolia and North Korea whilst bordering the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Black sea and Caspian Sea to the south.


Premise: Which Hollywood actress first began in Cork at the Corcadorca Theatre Company?

Hypothesis: Highlights include: Corcadorca Theatre Company, of which Cillian Murphy was a troupe member prior to Hollywood fame; the Institute for Choreography and Dance, a national contemporary dance resource;[citation needed] the Triskel Arts Centre (capacity c.90), which includes the Triskel Christchurch independent cinema; dance venue the Firkin Crane (capacity c.240); the Cork Academy of Dramatic Art (CADA) and Graffiti Theatre Company; and the Cork Jazz Festival, Cork Film Festival, and Live at the Marquee events.


Premise: When is control turned back over to ground control?

Hypothesis: When a plane is ready to takeoff it will stop short of the runway, at which point it will be turned over to Tower Control.


Premise: Who created a vaccine to treat Japanese Encephalitis?

Hypothesis: Hilleman would later move to Merck where he would play a key role in the development of vaccines against measles, mumps, chickenpox, rubella, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and meningitis.


Premise: How often did Greek population and natives mix?

Hypothesis: The Greek population and the native population did not always mix; the Greeks moved and brought their own culture, but interaction did not always occur.


Premise: Of the eight precepts which one is on sexual misconduct?

Hypothesis: The three additional precepts are:


Premise: Along with nightclubs, beaches and shopping, what notable attraction exists in the Art Deco District?

Hypothesis: Annual events such as the Sony Ericsson Open, Art Basel, Winter Music Conference, South Beach Wine & Food Festival, and Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Miami attract millions to the metropolis every year.


Premise: How many countries does Shell operate in?

Hypothesis: It has operations in over 90 countries, produces around 3.1 million barrels of oil equivalent per day and has 44,000 service stations worldwide.


Premise: What usually played a larger role than laws regarding a person's race?

Hypothesis: More importantly, social acceptance often played a bigger role in how a person was perceived and how identity was construed than any law.


Premise: What was Victoria's dog's name?

Hypothesis: Her mother was extremely protective, and Victoria was raised largely isolated from other children under the so-called "Kensington System", an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess and her ambitious and domineering comptroller, Sir John Conroy, who was rumoured to be the Duchess's lover.


Premise: When did Ruik past away?

Hypothesis: In 880-82, Oleg led a military force south along the Dnieper river, capturing Smolensk and Lyubech before reaching Kiev, where he deposed and killed Askold and Dir, proclaimed himself prince, and declared Kiev the "mother of Rus' cities."


Premise: Where in Eritrea are marine species such as dolphin, turtles and manta ray found?

Hypothesis: The endangered African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) was previously found in Eritrea, but is now deemed extirpated from the entire country.


Premise: What year did Estonia host the Eurovision Song Contest?

Hypothesis: Estonia won the Eurovision Song Contest in 2001 with the song "Everybody" performed by Tanel Padar and Dave Benton.


Premise: When was Hipparchus born?

Hypothesis: Pliny reports that Hipparchus produced the first systematic star catalog after he observed a new star (it is uncertain whether this was a nova or a comet) and wished to preserve astronomical record of the stars, so that other new stars could be discovered.


Premise: What could you call someone who lives in Southampton?

Hypothesis: The city's name is sometimes abbreviated in writing to "So'ton" or "Soton", and a resident of Southampton is called a Sotonian.


Premise: who was the resident DJ at The Warehouse in Chicago?

Hypothesis: Farley Jackmaster Funk was quoted as saying "In 1982, I was DJing at a club called The Playground and there was this kid named Leonard 'Remix' Roy who was a DJ at a rival club called The Rink.


Premise: Precursors of what subset of Scythian are theorized to have existed?

Hypothesis: Good candidates are the hypothethical ancestor languages of Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian subgroup of Scythian in the far northwest; and the hypothetical "Old Parthian" (the Old Iranian ancestor of Parthian) in the near northwest, where original


Premise: Did the French take Quebec back?

Hypothesis: The French staged a counteroffensive in the spring of 1760, with initial success at the Battle of Sainte-Foy, but they were unable to retake Quebec, due to British naval superiority following the battle of Neuville.


Premise: Who was the author of these tales ?

Hypothesis: The Homeric Epics (i.e. Iliad and Odyssey) were especially and generally accepted as part of the Greek past and it was not until the 19th century that scholars began to question Homer's historicity.


Premise: What does "ROIC" stand for?

Hypothesis: In an interview with The Times Kotick stated "I'm getting concerned about Sony; the PlayStation 3 is losing a bit of momentum and they don't make it easy for me to support the platform."


Premise: What still remains much shorter than intraframe compression?

Hypothesis: Interframe compression works well for programs that will simply be played back by the viewer, but can cause problems if the video sequence needs to be edited.


Premise: What can be seen in the newly electrified lines?

Hypothesis: Whatever the causes of the sparks effect, it is well established for numerous routes that have electrified over decades.


Premise: What is the proper term for circumcision?

Hypothesis: Ethical commitments in anthropology include noticing and documenting genocide, infanticide, racism, mutilation (including circumcision and subincision), and torture.


Premise: In addition to private equity and industry sources, what's a third source of research funding for institutions of higher learning in Canada?

Hypothesis: Canadian higher education institutions, at all levels, undertake directed and applied research with financing allocated through public funding, private equity, or industry sources.


Premise: Which governing body controls the England national football team?

Hypothesis: England are one of the two oldest national teams in football; alongside Scotland, whom they played in the world's first international football match in 1872.


Premise: Who developed a heat-treating method that allowed carbon filaments to be molded into shapes?

Hypothesis: Latimer patented other improvements such as a better way of attaching filaments to their wire supports.


Premise: Which two towns have Presbyterian people, but no churches?

Hypothesis: The church is strong in the rural villages.


Premise: When did it get its modern spelling?

Hypothesis: In the 13th century, with the written emergence of the Galician language, Galiza became the most usual written form of the name of the country, being replaced during the 15th and 16th centuries by the current form, Galicia, which coincides with the Castilian Spanish name.


Premise: How many Sustainable Development Goals are there?

Hypothesis: In September 2015, the 193 member states of the United Nations unanimously adopted the Sustainable Development Goals, a set of 17 goals aiming to transform the world over the next 15 years.


Premise: When did missionary work begin in Canada?

Hypothesis: Baptist missionary work in Canada began in the British colony of Nova Scotia (present day Nova Scotia and New Brunswick) in the 1760s.


Premise: What religions were practiced in the region from first centry CE to 4th centry CE?

Hypothesis: The Kushan Empire, a collection of Yuezhi tribes, took control of the region in the first century CE and ruled until the 4th century CE during which time Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism were all practiced in the region.


Premise: What is an easy way to produce hydrogen?

Hypothesis: The electrolysis of water is a simple method of producing hydrogen.


Premise: Who was allowed to leave the village?

Hypothesis: On April 26, 1496 King John I Albert granted the Privilege of Piotrków (Polish: "Przywilej piotrkowski", "konstytucja piotrkowska" or "statuty piotrkowskie"), increasing the nobility's feudal power over serfs.


Premise: What usually changes when a place observes DST?

Hypothesis: The name of local time typically changes when DST is observed.


Premise: What province is Zeelandic Flanders in?

Hypothesis: West Flemish is also spoken in Zeelandic Flanders (part of the Dutch province of Zeeland), and by older people in French Flanders (a small area that borders Belgium).


Premise: Who were the designers of the Virginia State Capitol?

Hypothesis: It is the second-oldest US statehouse in continuous use (after Maryland's) and was the first US government building built in the neo-classical style of architecture, setting the trend for other state houses and the federal government buildings (including the White House and The Capitol) in Washington, D.C.


Premise: What is indicated by the factor √2?

Hypothesis: where  is the maximum possible exposure that does not lead to a clipped or bloomed camera output.


Premise: What did the Aristotelians call emotions?

Hypothesis: In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue.


Premise: Who was the successor to Dominic?

Hypothesis: In July 1215, with the approbation of Bishop Foulques of Toulouse, Dominic ordered his followers into an institutional life.


Premise: What New Haven mayor is responsible for projects that placed the city among the forefront of urban renewal in the U.S. circa 1954?

Hypothesis: In 1954, then-mayor Richard C. Lee began some of the earliest major urban renewal projects in the United States.


Premise: What is Doordarshan?

Hypothesis: Hyderabad's first dial-up internet access became available in the early 1990s and was limited to software development companies.


Premise: From whom did Britain retake the Falkland Islands?

Hypothesis: The events at Suez wounded British national pride, leading one MP to describe it as "Britain's Waterloo" and another to suggest that the country had become an "American satellite".


Premise: Ai-Khanoum was situated on what kind of routes?

Hypothesis: Settlements such as Ai-Khanoum, situated on trade routes, allowed Greek culture to mix and spread.


Premise: When was the Tang Dynasty?

Hypothesis: The pronounced divergence between literary and colloquial pronunciations found in Hokkien dialects is attributed to the presence of several strata in the Min lexicon.


Premise: When was the British North America Act passed?

Hypothesis: With the passage of the British North America Act, 1867 by the British Parliament, Upper and Lower Canada, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia were formed into the Dominion of Canada, a confederation enjoying full self-government with the exception of international relations.


Premise: What did Victoria's isolation give way to?

Hypothesis: Victoria's self-imposed isolation from the public diminished the popularity of the monarchy, and encouraged the growth of the republican movement.


Premise: Who wrote the first 12 chapters of the Siddhanta Shiromani?

Hypothesis: According to Sarma (2008): "One finds in the Rigveda intelligent speculations about the genesis of the universe from nonexistence, the configuration of the universe, the spherical self-supporting earth, and the year of 360 days divided into 12 equal parts of 30 days each with a periodical intercalary month.".


Premise: How many people can be in a routine?

Hypothesis: Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills.


Premise: What was later realized that caused naturalistic mechanisms such as neo-Lamarckism to be embraced?

Hypothesis: In America, Asa Gray argued that evolution is the secondary effect, or modus operandi, of the first cause, design, and published a pamphlet defending the book in terms of theistic evolution, Natural Selection is not inconsistent with Natural Theology.


Premise: What website gave critical acclaim to New Haven for the city's food?

Hypothesis: Livability.com named New Haven as the Best Foodie City in the country in 2014.


Premise: How did America try to make Puerto Rico's language English?

Hypothesis: For decades, the U.S. federal government strenuously tried to force Puerto Ricans to adopt English, to the extent of making them use English as the primary language of instruction in their high schools.


Premise: What part of the Pacific Ocean is Norfolk Island located?

Hypothesis: The island's highest point is Mount Bates (319 metres (1,047 feet) above sea level), located in the northwest quadrant of the island.


Premise: How much money was allocated to advertise Windows 95?

Hypothesis: In an effort to make retail displays of Windows 8 devices more "personal", Microsoft also developed a character known in English-speaking markets as "Allison Brown", whose fictional profile (including personal photos, contacts, and emails) is also featured on demonstration units of Windows 8 devices.


Premise: Where did this lobbying budget place the company among all entities in the country?

Hypothesis: With $18.8 million spent in 2013, Comcast has the seventh largest lobbying budget of any individual company or organization in the United States.


Premise: What region was fought for during the Syrian wars?

Hypothesis: He and his successors also fought a series of wars with the Seleucids, known as the Syrian wars, over the region of Coele-Syria.


Premise: When was Suez canal completed?

Hypothesis: In 1875 Ismail was forced to sell Egypt's share in the canal to the British Government.


Premise: Who did the East India Company appoint as Governor of Bengal?

Hypothesis: This led to the Battle of Plassey on 23 June 1757, in which the Bengal Army of the East India Company, led by Robert Clive, defeated the French-supported Nawab's forces.


Premise: What international body did the new government join?

Hypothesis: In addition to a nationalization program of industry and land, the new regime's foreign policy placed an emphasis on Somalia's traditional and religious links with the Arab world, eventually joining the Arab League (AL) in 1974.


Premise: What is the vital nutriment for Myxobacteria?

Hypothesis: For example, when starved of amino acids, Myxobacteria detect surrounding cells in a process known as quorum sensing, migrate toward each other, and aggregate to form fruiting bodies up to 500 micrometres long and containing approximately 100,000 bacterial cells.


Premise: Royal Academy of Music and Royal College of Music are examples of what?

Hypothesis: Several conservatoires are within the city: Royal Academy of Music, Royal College of Music, Guildhall School of Music and Drama and Trinity Laban.


Premise: In the 19th century, what term was used in English-speaking Canada to describe a drinking establishment?

Hypothesis: The most popular term in English-speaking Canada used for a drinking establishment was "tavern", until the 1970s when the term "bar" became widespread as in the United States.


Premise: Whose death in 1779 led to a civil war in Iran?

Hypothesis: In 1795, following the disobedience of the Georgian subjects and their alliance with the Russians, the Qajars captured Tblisi by the Battle of Krtsanisi, and drove the Russians out of the entire Caucasus, reestablishing a short-lived Iranian suzerainty over the region.


Premise: What was the name of Beyoncé's European start that started in November 2003?

Hypothesis: Destiny's Child embarked on a worldwide concert tour, Destiny Fulfilled... and Lovin' It and during the last stop of their European tour, in Barcelona on June 11, 2005, Rowland announced that Destiny's Child would disband following the North American leg of the tour.


Premise: What system did Rutherford eliminate in 1932?

Hypothesis: On July 26, 1931, at a convention in Columbus, Ohio, Rutherford introduced the new name—Jehovah's witnesses—based on Isaiah 43:10: "Ye are my witnesses, saith Jehovah, and my servant whom I have chosen"—which was adopted by resolution.


Premise: In what SI unit is the capacitance reported on smaller capacitors?

Hypothesis: Larger capacitors like electrolytics usually display the actual capacitance together with the unit (for example, 220 μF).


Premise: In what year was the Pure Food and Drugs Act passed?

Hypothesis: A drug was considered misbranded if it contained alcohol, morphine, opium, cocaine, or any of several other potentially dangerous or addictive drugs, and if its label failed to indicate the quantity or proportion of such drugs.


Premise: Who said the term 'intellectual property' "operates as a catch-all"?

Hypothesis: He claims that the term "operates as a catch-all to lump together disparate laws [which] originated separately, evolved differently, cover different activities, have different rules, and raise different public policy issues" and that it creates a "bias" by confusing these monopolies with ownership of limited physical things, likening them to "property rights".


Premise: What did critics believe about The Sun and Lord Kilbracken's ideas on AIDS?

Hypothesis: Critics stated that both The Sun and Lord Kilbracken cherry-picked the results from one specific study while ignoring other data reports on HIV infection and not just AIDS infection, which the critics viewed as unethical politicisation of a medical issue.


Premise: What does the transcription factor wrap around?

Hypothesis: Zinc fingers form parts of some transcription factors, which are proteins that recognize DNA base sequences during the replication and transcription of DNA.


Premise: What cult appeared from Pessinus in 206 BC?

Hypothesis: In 206 BC the Sibylline books commended the introduction of cult to the aniconic Magna Mater (Great Mother) from Pessinus, installed on the Palatine in 191 BC.


Premise: What is one reason the art of Islam may be abstract?

Hypothesis: Despite this, there is a presence of depictional art in some Muslim societies, notably the miniature style made famous in Persia and under the Ottoman Empire which featured paintings of people and animals, and also depictions of Quranic stories and Islamic traditional narratives.


Premise: When was the Yale School of Medicine established?

Hypothesis: Yale expanded gradually, establishing the Yale School of Medicine (1810), Yale Divinity School (1822), Yale Law School (1843), Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1847), the Sheffield Scientific School (1847), and the Yale School of Fine Arts (1869).


Premise: What provides power assistance for auto brakes?

Hypothesis: The best-known application is the vacuum servo, used to provide power assistance for the brakes.


Premise: How was the Planck constant calculated in the early 20th century?

Hypothesis: In principle, the Planck constant could be determined by examining the spectrum of a black-body radiator or the kinetic energy of photoelectrons, and this is how its value was first calculated in the early twentieth century.


Premise: What language did French borrow the word 'police' from?

Hypothesis: The word "police" was borrowed from French into the English language in the 18th century, but for a long time it applied only to French and continental European police forces.


Premise: Around what time were the knights and szlachta very similiar?

Hypothesis: Around the 14th century, there was little difference between knights and the szlachta in Poland.


Premise: Other than Texas and Florida, which other state replaced racial quotas?

Hypothesis: To accommodate the ruling in Hopwood v. Texas banning any use of race in school admissions, the State of Texas passed a law guaranteeing entry to any state university if a student finished in the top 10% of their graduating class.


Premise: How much of a non-vascular plant is involved in photosynthesis?

Hypothesis: The sporophyte generation is nonphotosynthetic in liverworts but may be able to contribute part of its energy needs by photosynthesis in mosses and hornworts.


Premise: What do Somalis call their ancient pyramids?

Hypothesis: In ancient Somalia, pyramidical structures known in Somali as taalo were a popular burial style, with hundreds of these dry stone monuments scattered around the country today.


Premise: Is active TB difficult or easy to diagnose by patients' symptoms alone?

Hypothesis: Diagnosing active tuberculosis based only on signs and symptoms is difficult, as is diagnosing the disease in those who are immunosuppressed.


Premise: What is it called when someone uploads a video to YouTube without the creators permission?

Hypothesis: Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement.


Premise: When did the Germans invade the Soviet Union?

Hypothesis: After Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, the Wehrmacht crossed the Estonian southern border on 7 July.


Premise: Which year was royal assent last withheld in the UK?

Hypothesis: While royal assent has not been withheld in the United Kingdom since 1708, it has often been withheld in British colonies and former colonies by governors acting on royal instructions.


Premise: What did the Hyderabad Stock Exchange come to be known as?

Hypothesis: The city is home to Hyderabad Securities formerly known as Hyderabad Stock Exchange (HSE), and houses the regional office of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).


Premise: What had previously kept prices stable?

Hypothesis: The Federal Reserve, which was established in 1913, was designed to furnish an "elastic" currency subject to "substantial changes of quantity over short periods", which differed significantly from previous forms of high-powered money such as gold, national bank notes, and silver coins.


Premise: Are transpired collectors more or less cost-effective than glazed collection systems?

Hypothesis: The first commercial system was the Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA where a field of 114 parabolic dishes provided 50% of the process heating, air conditioning and electrical requirements for a clothing factory.


Premise: What happened to Britain during the 17th century?

Hypothesis: When the monarchy was restored in England, the king found it politically impossible to restore all the lands of former land-owners in Ireland.


Premise: Hemlock Semiconductor produces electronic components in which Tennessee city?

Hypothesis: Major corporations with headquarters in Tennessee include FedEx, AutoZone and International Paper, all based in Memphis; Pilot Corporation and Regal Entertainment Group, based in Knoxville; Eastman Chemical Company, based in Kingsport; the North American headquarters of Nissan Motor Company, based in Franklin; Hospital Corporation of America and Caterpillar Financial, based in Nashville; and Unum, based in Chattanooga.


Premise: Where did the last Resistance from the White movement occur?

Hypothesis: The principal fighting occurred between the Bolshevik Red Army and the forces of the White Army.


Premise: In what type of sea did typical Proterozoic geology come to be?

Hypothesis: Study of these rocks show that the eon featured massive, rapid continental accretion (unique to the Proterozoic), supercontinent cycles, and wholly modern orogenic activity.


Premise: What is the nickname given to New York City Police Department officers?

Hypothesis: Members of the NYPD are frequently referred to by politicians, the media, and their own police cars by the nickname, New York's Finest.


Premise: Where is the highest point in the British Isles?

Hypothesis: The Scottish Highlands in the northern part of Great Britain are mountainous, with Ben Nevis being the highest point on the islands at 1,343 m (4,406 ft).


Premise: Did the patients with natural scenes have longer postoperative hospital stays?

Hypothesis: The study concluded that patients assigned to rooms with windows allowing lots of natural light had shorter postoperative hospital stays, received fewer negative evaluative comments in nurses’ notes, and took fewer potent analegesics than 23 matched patients in similar rooms with windows facing a brick wall.


Premise: How did sarmatism effect szlachta culture?

Hypothesis: This belief system became an important part of szlachta culture and affected all aspects of their lives.