Premise: What was the name of the new anesthetic given to Victoria for the birth of Leopold?

Hypothesis: Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child, Beatrice, despite opposition from members of the clergy, who considered it against biblical teaching, and members of the medical profession, who thought it dangerous.


Premise: who is Lewis Carroll's youngest brother?

Hypothesis: In 1867, Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and second son of Queen Victoria, visited the islands.


Premise: Which of Homer's works did the first six books of the Aeneid model after?

Hypothesis: Virgil made use of several models in the composition of his epic; Homer, the preeminent author of classical epic, is everywhere present, but Virgil also makes special use of the Latin poet Ennius and the Hellenistic poet Apollonius of Rhodes among the various other writers to which he alludes.


Premise: During daytime how high can the temperatures reach?

Hypothesis: During daytime, the sand temperature is extremely high as it can easily reach 80 °C (176 °F) or more.


Premise: Name the 8 peopl who began the movement

Hypothesis: A primary influence that led to Cubism was the representation of three-dimensional form in the late works of Paul Cézanne.


Premise: When was Leibniz an active philosopher?

Hypothesis: The University of Berlin founded in 1810 by linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt served as an influential model for a number of modern western universities.


Premise: How do hydraulic elevators work in emergencies?

Hypothesis: Typically, due to the high current draw when starting the pump motor, hydraulic elevators are not run using standard emergency power systems.


Premise: Previous to 1725, what subject matter was focused on by the concours academiques?

Hypothesis: By roughly 1725, however, this subject matter had radically expanded and diversified, including "royal propaganda, philosophical battles, and critical ruminations on the social and political institutions of the Old Regime.


Premise: Do they speak Spanish fluently?

Hypothesis: In Hawaii, where Puerto Rican farm laborers and Mexican ranchers have settled since the late 19th century, 7.0 per cent of the islands' people are either Hispanic or Hispanophone or both.


Premise: Where did Portuguese originate?

Hypothesis: Particularly in the North of Portugal, there are still many similarities between the Galician culture and the Portuguese culture.


Premise: How many consecutive La Liga titles did Barcelona win from 1991-94?

Hypothesis: Under Cruyff's guidance, Barcelona won four consecutive La Liga titles from 1991 to 1994.


Premise: Ann Arbor ranks 1st among what goods sold?

Hypothesis: Aside from a large restaurant scene in the Main Street, South State Street, and South University Avenue areas, Ann Arbor ranks first among U.S. cities in the number of booksellers and books sold per capita.


Premise: What did Feynman investigate while working on quantum gravity?

Hypothesis: By analogy with the photon, which has spin 1, he investigated the consequences of a free massless spin 2 field, and derived the Einstein field equation of general relativity, but little more.


Premise: What is crucial for biochemical reactions?

Hypothesis: The general lack of internal membranes in bacteria means reactions such as electron transport occur across the cell membrane between the cytoplasm and the periplasmic space.


Premise: Who created the automaton Bell saw?

Hypothesis: His father encouraged Bell's interest in speech and, in 1863, took his sons to see a unique automaton, developed by Sir Charles Wheatstone based on the earlier work of Baron Wolfgang von Kempelen.


Premise: When wood dries and shrinks, what happens to its density?

Hypothesis: The single most revealing property of wood as an indicator of wood quality is specific gravity (Timell 1986), as both pulp yield and lumber strength are determined by it.


Premise: What is the tallest mountain in Greece?

Hypothesis: Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous, with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres (9,573 ft).


Premise: What oath did the Bishops have to take at the trial?

Hypothesis: The Pope refused to accept their decision, and requested the Emperor to hold another Council, in which the charges against Athanasius could be freely investigated.


Premise: How many people in total lived in Yingxiu?

Hypothesis: 3,000 to 5,000 people were killed in Beichuan County, Sichuan alone; in the same location, 10,000 people were injured and 80% of the buildings were destroyed.


Premise: How many deaths did the Soviet Union suffer in the war?

Hypothesis: Estimates place deaths in the Soviet Union at around 23 million, while China suffered about 10 million.


Premise: What is a notable form uranium ore is converted into after extraction?

Hypothesis: When finely divided, it can react with cold water; in air, uranium metal becomes coated with a dark layer of uranium oxide.


Premise: What was one of the earliest presentations of this vocabulary?

Hypothesis: If not the first use of the terms, the letter to the Times was certainly one of the earliest presentations of this vocabulary to the general public.


Premise: How far was the party in debt for the same time period?

Hypothesis: Finance proved a major problem for the Labour Party during this period; a "cash for peerages" scandal under Blair resulted in the drying up of many major sources of donations.


Premise: In all of the western canon, what is Whitehead's work considered?

Hypothesis: His philosophical work is generally considered to be among the most difficult to understand in all of the western canon.


Premise: In what buddhism is the goal a state of nirvana?

Hypothesis: In Theravada Buddhism, the ultimate goal is the attainment of the sublime state of Nirvana, achieved by practicing the Noble Eightfold Path (also known as the Middle Way), thus escaping what is seen as a cycle of suffering and rebirth.


Premise: When was the KU Endowment founded?

Hypothesis: Its mission is to partner with donors in providing philanthropic support to build a greater University of Kansas.


Premise: What century was Bella Vista Palace built?

Hypothesis: The other palaces include Falaknuma Palace (inspired by the style of Andrea Palladio), Purani Haveli, King Kothi and Bella Vista Palace all of which were built at the peak of Nizam rule in the 19th century.


Premise: Who was the artist that painted the fresco that replaced the mosaic at Santa Sobina?

Hypothesis: The original 5th-century apse mosaic of the Santa Sabina was replaced by a very similar fresco by Taddeo Zuccari in 1559.


Premise: What two elements have reduced the literary nature of scientific journals?

Hypothesis: As advances and specialization have made new scientific research inaccessible to most audiences, the "literary" nature of science writing has become less pronounced over the last two centuries.


Premise: What did Valery Giscard d'Estaing have erected?

Hypothesis: Most of the postwar's presidents of the Fifth Republic wanted to leave their own monuments in Paris; President Georges Pompidou started the Centre Georges Pompidou (1977),


Premise: Which of Hayek's books had an impact on those against postmodernism?

Hypothesis: For example, Hayek's discussion in The Road to Serfdom (1944) about truth, falsehood and the use of language influenced some later opponents of postmodernism.


Premise: What was the former imperial palace called?

Hypothesis: Strasbourg also offers high-class eclecticist buildings in its very extended German district, the Neustadt, being the main memory of Wilhelmian architecture since most of the major cities in Germany proper suffered intensive damage during World War II.


Premise: A lens with a setting of f/1.4 lets how much to hit the focal plane compared with a setting of f/2?

Hypothesis: The effective f-number is proportional to the ratio between the lens focal length and aperture diameter, the diameter itself being proportional to the square root of the aperture area.


Premise: Why was the English order of the Dominicans so successful in England?

Hypothesis: The English Province was a component of the international order from which it obtained its laws, direction, and instructions.


Premise: What is lowered in children who have pets?

Hypothesis: In one study, new guardians reported a highly significant reduction in minor health problems during the first month following pet acquisition, and this effect was sustained in those with dogs through to the end of the study.


Premise: What was Prince Albert's commitment?

Hypothesis: His commitment was to find practical solutions to today's social challenges.


Premise: Beyoncé's Pepsi commercial inspired which star to join Pepsi's global campaign in 2012?

Hypothesis: American indie rock band White Rabbits also cited her an inspiration for their third album Milk Famous (2012), friend Gwyneth Paltrow studied Beyoncé at her live concerts while learning to become a musical performer for the 2010 film Country Strong.


Premise: What was the effect of Laurussia impacting Gondwana in North America?

Hypothesis: This continental collision resulted in the Hercynian orogeny in Europe, and the Alleghenian orogeny in North America; it also extended the newly uplifted Appalachians southwestward as the Ouachita Mountains.


Premise: Who created the song "Charleston Rag"?

Hypothesis: "Ballin' the Jack", which was a popular dance in the years before "The Charleston", was written by native Charlestonian Chris Smith.


Premise: When did Madonna adopt David Banda?

Hypothesis: They want me to support their court case, a thing I cannot do for I know what I agreed with Madonna and her husband."


Premise: What is a common opinion of metaphysics?

Hypothesis: It is impossible to say exactly why Whitehead's influence has not been more widespread, but it may be partly due to his metaphysical ideas seeming somewhat counter-intuitive (such as his assertion that matter is an abstraction), or his inclusion of theistic elements in his philosophy, or the perception of metaphysics itself as passé, or simply the sheer difficulty and density of his prose.


Premise: How do we deny things of God?

Hypothesis: Thus, it is easier to state what God is not, than to state what God is: "... we affirm things of God only relatively, that is, casually, whereas we deny things of God absolutely, that is, with reference to what He is in Himself.


Premise: What group is opening a research center in Armenia?

Hypothesis: Recently, the Intel Corporation agreed to open a research center in Armenia, in addition to other technology companies, signalling the growth of the technology industry in Armenia.


Premise: What has been a subject of speculation concerning Elizabeth's wealth?

Hypothesis: The Sunday Times Rich List 2015 estimated her private wealth at £340 million, making her the 302nd richest person in the UK.


Premise: What was Scherbytsky's nickname?

Hypothesis: " The demonstrations coincided with a visit to Ukraine by Soviet President Gorbachev.


Premise: What caused the Winter Storm of 2000?

Hypothesis: Winter storms have caused traffic problems in the past as well.


Premise: Which affiliate left CBC due to an agreement with CHBC?

Hypothesis: When a private CBC affiliate reaffiliates with another network, the CBC has normally added a retransmitter of its nearest O&O station to ensure that CBC service is continued.


Premise: Who, along with members of the South Korean government, fled South Korea?

Hypothesis: On 28 June, at 2 am, the South Korean Army blew up the highway bridge across the Han River in an attempt to stop the North Korean army.


Premise: When did the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA)  phase start?

Hypothesis: Around 10,200 BC the first fully developed Neolithic cultures belonging to the phase Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) appeared in the fertile crescent.


Premise: Which museum houses the USS Midway aircraft carrier?

Hypothesis: Many popular museums, such as the San Diego Museum of Art, the San Diego Natural History Museum, the San Diego Museum of Man, the Museum of Photographic Arts, and the San Diego Air & Space Museum are located in Balboa Park, which is also the location of the San Diego Zoo.


Premise: How is color perceived to be for lisle in comparison to softer yarns?

Hypothesis: Lisle is composed of two strands that have each been twisted an extra twist per inch than ordinary yarns and combined to create a single thread.


Premise: What vitamin does sunlight help the human body absorb?

Hypothesis: It alters sunlight exposure; whether this is beneficial depends on one's location and daily schedule, as sunlight triggers vitamin D synthesis in the skin, but overexposure can lead to skin cancer.


Premise: How many sq ft of showroom space is included in the Atlantic City Convention Center?

Hypothesis: The Atlantic City Convention Center includes 500,000 sq ft (46,000 m2) of showroom space, 5 exhibit halls, 45 meeting rooms with 109,000 sq ft (10,100 m2) of space, a garage with 1,400 parking spaces, and an adjacent Sheraton hotel.


Premise: When did iron making technology begin in Japan?

Hypothesis: Pig iron, a very hard but brittle alloy of iron and carbon, was being produced in China as early as 1200 BC, but did not arrive in Europe until the Middle Ages.


Premise: What president announced the new CIA director?

Hypothesis: On 21 August 1950, shortly after the invasion of South Korea, Truman announced Walter Bedell Smith as the new Director of the CIA to correct what was seen as a grave failure of Intelligence.[clarification needed]


Premise: What is the largest employer of child labour?

Hypothesis: Worldwide agriculture is the largest employer of child labour.


Premise: What is another word for express powers?

Hypothesis: In addition, the Necessary and Proper Clause gives the federal government the implied power to pass any law "necessary and proper" for the execution of its express powers.


Premise: When did German cinema come back internationally?

Hypothesis: German cinema dates back to the very early years of the medium with the work of Max Skladanowsky.


Premise: How many doctorate and masters programs are available at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States  and as a major global university.


Premise: How far was the Conservative party in debt?

Hypothesis: Between January and March 2008, the Labour Party received just over £3 million in donations and were £17 million in debt; compared to the Conservatives' £6 million in donations and £12 million in debt.


Premise: What is the Mayan writing system the only known pre-Columbian one to completely represent this?

Hypothesis: It is the only pre-Columbian writing system known to represent completely the spoken language of its community.


Premise: Who convinced Eisenhower not to intervene in Vietnam?

Hypothesis: Early in 1953, the French asked Eisenhower for help in French Indochina against the Communists, supplied from China, who were fighting the First Indochina War.


Premise: Who nominates justices for the U.S. Supreme Court?

Hypothesis: The judges must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, hold office during good behavior and receive compensations that may not be diminished during their continuance in office.


Premise: How long did Cerón spend on Los Jardines?

Hypothesis: These islands, which he named "Los Jardines", may have been Enewetak or Bikini Atoll.


Premise: What Nobel Prize did Nakamura, Amano, and Akasaki receive in 2014?

Hypothesis: Nakamura, Hiroshi Amano and Isamu Akasaki were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2014 for the invention of the blue LED.


Premise: What was Antoine Lavoisier's nickname?

Hypothesis: A decisive moment came when 'chymistry' was distinguished from alchemy by Robert Boyle in his work The Sceptical Chymist, in 1661; although the alchemical tradition continued for some time after his work.


Premise: I2a1b1 is typical of what populations?

Hypothesis: He recalculated the age of I2a2 to be ~ 2550 years and proposed that the current distribution is explained by a Slavic expansion from the area north-east of the Carpathians.


Premise: What has the grant enabled

Hypothesis: Helping provide access and training for these resources, this foundation helps move public libraries into the digital age.


Premise: What was the shortest of the major battles fought during the stalemate?

Hypothesis: October–25 November 1952), the Battle of Hill Eerie (21 March–21 June 1952), the sieges of Outpost Harry (10–18 June 1953), the Battle of the Hook (28–29 May 1953), the Battle of Pork Chop Hill (23 March–16 July 1953), and the Battle of Kumsong (13–27 July 1953).


Premise: In 1908 what percent of the city's population was foreign-born?

Hypothesis: In the early 20th century, many Europeans (particularly Spaniards and Italians but also thousands from Central Europe) immigrated to the city.


Premise: What was suspended during the period of mourning?

Hypothesis: The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay announced that the relay, scheduled to take place in Ningbo during national morning, would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period.


Premise: Along with k and z, what Latin letter was not used in Old English?

Hypothesis: Macrons over vowels were originally used not to mark long vowels (as in modern editions), but to indicate stress, or as abbreviations for a following m or n.


Premise: In what year was thiazide antihypertensive drugs shown to help those with heart problems?

Hypothesis: ACE inhibitors reduce the risk of new onset kidney disease [RR 0.71] and death [RR 0.84] in diabetic patients, irrespective of whether they have hypertension.


Premise: According to Hodgson, how long ago did the Ethio-Somalis diverge from other non-African ancestries?

Hypothesis: The Ethio-Somali component is most closely related to the Maghrebi non-African genetic component, and is believed to have diverged from all other non-African ancestries at least 23,000 years ago.


Premise: How many watts is in one official horsepower?

Hypothesis: For an activity that must be sustained for an hour, output drops to around 300; for an activity kept up all day, 150 watts is about the maximum.


Premise: What scientific theory was created by the Greeks?

Hypothesis: In the Hellenistic age scholars frequently employed the principles developed in earlier Greek thought: the application of mathematics and deliberate empirical research, in their scientific investigations.


Premise: What is the grand prize in the Young Composers Film Competition?

Hypothesis: In 2000, TCM started the annual Young Composers Film Competition, inviting aspiring composers to participate in a judged competition that offers the winner of each year's competition the opportunity to score a restored, feature-length silent film as a grand prize, mentored by a well-known composer, with the new work subsequently premiering on the network.


Premise: What gives another symmetry function?

Hypothesis: Each of these functions sends a point in the square to the corresponding point under the symmetry.


Premise: What private boys' school shares in London shares its name with a famous cathedral?

Hypothesis: The majority of primary and secondary schools and further-education colleges in London are controlled by the London boroughs or otherwise state-funded; leading examples include City and Islington College, Ealing, Hammersmith and West London College, Leyton Sixth Form College, Tower Hamlets College and Bethnal Green Academy.


Premise: Which house acquitted Hastings?

Hypothesis: The House of Commons eventually impeached Hastings, but subsequently, the House of Lords acquitted him of all charges.


Premise: What was built to help Bern grow bigger than the peninula?

Hypothesis: A number of bridges have been built to allow the city to expand beyond the Aare.


Premise: How much monetary value does a dime hold?

Hypothesis: When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion).


Premise: What does the USAAF stand for?

Hypothesis: In practice, the U.S. Army Air Forces (USAAF) was virtually independent of the Army during World War II, but officials wanted formal independence.


Premise: Was child labour common in European colonies?

Hypothesis: Britain for example passed a law, the so-called Masters and Servants Act of 1899, followed by Tax and Pass Law, to encourage child labour in colonies particularly in Africa.


Premise: Where is the headquarters for the Rainbow Times?

Hypothesis: Founded in 2006, The Rainbow Times is now based out of Boston, but serves all of New England.


Premise: What style of speech did linguist Madhav Deshpande say Sanskrit started out as?

Hypothesis: Sanskrit, as the learned language of Ancient India, thus existed alongside the vernacular Prakrits, which were Middle Indo-Aryan languages.


Premise: What happened to Buckingham after Queen Victoria left?

Hypothesis: Widowed in 1861, the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at Windsor Castle, Balmoral Castle and Osborne House.


Premise: In what year did UHF channels beging being licensed by the FCC?

Hypothesis: In 1952, however, the FCC began licensing UHF channels, making it possible for cities such as San Diego to acquire more stations.


Premise: What were theorists in diverse fields beginning to notice between animals and languages?

Hypothesis: Anthropology and many other current fields are the intellectual results of the comparative methods developed in the earlier 19th century.


Premise: How was sensitivity expressed at first in the DIN system?

Hypothesis: This revision also saw significant changes in the definition of film speeds in order to accommodate then-recent changes in the American ASA PH2.5-1960 standard, so that film speeds of black-and-white negative film effectively would become doubled, that is, a film previously marked as "18° DIN" would now be labeled as "21 DIN" without emulsion changes.


Premise: Who is credited with discovering Bermuda?

Hypothesis: It is mentioned in Legatio Babylonica, published in 1511 by historian Pedro Mártir de Anglería, and was also included on Spanish charts of that year.


Premise: Which individual had a duty to maintain the imperial stables?

Hypothesis: The Minister Coachman was responsible for the maintenance of imperial stables, horses, carriages and coach-houses for the emperor and his palace attendants, as well as the supply of horses for the armed forces.


Premise: What book discusses bardo?

Hypothesis: The orthodox Theravada position rejects this; however there are passages in the Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon that seem to lend support to the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between one life and the next.[page needed]


Premise: Where did the Celts who settled in Galatia pass through?

Hypothesis: They were defeated by Seleucus I in the 'battle of the Elephants', but were still able to establish a Celtic territory in central Anatolia.


Premise: Kosher restaurants make up what percent of total restaurants?

Hypothesis: Hotel restaurants are much more likely to serve kosher food.


Premise: What did the European Commission review

Hypothesis: On 8 October 2014 it was announced that the European Commission has approved the project, with an overwhelming majority and only four commissioners voting against the decision.


Premise: What year was the Dawes act passed?

Hypothesis: Stemming from multiple treaties and federal legislation, including the Indian Appropriations Act (1851), the Dawes Act (1887), and the Indian Reorganization Act (1934), seven Indian reservations, encompassing eleven tribal nations, were created in Montana.


Premise: What mission did Kino found?

Hypothesis: Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino visited the Santa Cruz River valley in 1692, and founded the Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1700 about 7 mi (11 km)


Premise: Who coordinated the efforts of the ROK Army, Marine Corps and the US Army to stage a successful battle?

Hypothesis: When authorized, he activated a combined U.S. Army and Marine Corps, and ROK Army force.


Premise: What is an example of an early form of digital video and audio communication?

Hypothesis: Many of these technologies, such as the Media space, are not as widely used today as videoconferencing but were still an important area of research.


Premise: How many years are removed from an alcoholic's life expectancy?

Hypothesis: Alcoholism often reduces a person's life expectancy by around ten years.


Premise: What do the stamps give the purchaser a license to do?

Hypothesis: The stamps serve as a license to hunt migratory birds, an entrance pass for all National Wildlife Refuge areas, and are also considered collectors items often purchased for aesthetic reasons outside of the hunting and birding communities.


Premise: What characteristics did samurais want their wives to have?

Hypothesis: Traits valued in women of the samurai class were humility, obedience, self-control, strength, and loyalty.


Premise: At which point in a game is the time the offence takes to put the ball in play measured?

Hypothesis: During the last three minutes of a half, the penalty for failure to place the ball in play within the 20-second play clock, known as "time count" (this foul is known as "delay of game" in American football), is dramatically different from during the first 27 minutes.


Premise: What was NEC's competitor to the NES called in the US?

Hypothesis: Nintendo executives were in no rush to design a new system, but they reconsidered when they began to see their dominance in the market slipping.


Premise: On what date did Bismarkck receive the disturbing report on the Posen situation?

Hypothesis: An alarming report on the Posen situation, sent to Bismarck on 16 August 1870, led to the quartering of reserve troop contingents in the restive province.


Premise: What does the angled deck separate the recovery operation area from?

Hypothesis: It also has the advantage of separating the recovery operation area from the launch area.


Premise: What was the verdict in Maclean's trial?

Hypothesis: On 2 March 1882, Roderick Maclean, a disgruntled poet apparently offended by Victoria's refusal to accept one of his poems, shot at the Queen as her carriage left Windsor railway station.


Premise: What was a major issue in the USS Langley?

Hypothesis: Fumes coming across the deck were a major issue in USS Langley.


Premise: At what New Haven establishment did "apizza" make it's inaugural appearance in 1925?

Hypothesis: New Haven-style pizza, called "apizza" (pronounced ah-BEETS, [aˈpitts] in the original Italian dialect), made its debut at the iconic Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana (known as Pepe's) in 1925.


Premise: Who did colonists ask for help in returning runaway slaves?

Hypothesis: For example, in 1726, the British governor of New York exacted a promise from the Iroquois to return all runaway slaves who had joined them.


Premise: In the Rupublic of Hellenic who is the ethnic majority and what percentage of the populace do they represent ?

Hypothesis: A large percentage of the population growth since the state's foundation has resulted from annexation of new territories and the influx of 1.5 million Greek refugees after the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey.


Premise: When did William Graham Sumner teach?

Hypothesis: Porter objected to Sumner's use of a textbook by Herbert Spencer that espoused agnostic materialism because it might harm students.


Premise: Between what years was the Montevideo Cabildo built?

Hypothesis: The Montevideo Cabildo was the seat of government during the colonial times of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata.


Premise: How many times were Yale alumni on a presidential ticket between 1972 and 2004

Hypothesis: The Boston Globe wrote that "if there's one school that can lay claim to educating the nation's top national leaders over the past three decades, it's Yale."


Premise: What types of deer does Oklahoma have a lot of?

Hypothesis: In prairie ecosystems, American bison, greater prairie chickens, badgers, and armadillo are common, and some of the nation's largest prairie dog towns inhabit shortgrass prairie in the state's panhandle.


Premise: How many people were killed in the violence?

Hypothesis: Despite public outrage, Israel heeded US calls to refrain from hitting back and did not participate in that war.


Premise: Which 2 album show Madonna's artistic statement?

Hypothesis: Both albums explored element of new jack swing, with Jim Farber from Entertainment Weekly saying that "she could actually be viewed as new jack swing's godmother.


Premise: What does affect recent identification in many cases?

Hypothesis: The American people are mostly multi-ethnic descendants of various culturally distinct immigrant groups, many of which have now developed nations.


Premise: Near what river were the Avars originally based?

Hypothesis: It began gradually, but by the late 540s Slavic tribes were in Thrace and Illyrium, and had defeated an imperial army near Adrianople in 551.


Premise: Safety reasons may be why someone wears this type of clothing.

Hypothesis: Also, spandex materials are often used as base layers to soak up sweat.


Premise: Recent systems can record a broadcast HD program in what format?

Hypothesis: More recent systems are able to record a broadcast high definition program in its 'as broadcast' format or transcode to a format more compatible with Blu-ray.


Premise: The Tagalog, Cebuano,Ilocano & Hiligaynon groups are significant within which country in Southeast Asia?

Hypothesis: Within the Philippines, the Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, and Hiligaynon groups are significant.


Premise: What was the title chopin gave of some spoof letters he wrote?

Hypothesis: Here for the first time he encountered Polish rural folk music.


Premise: During what period were the Little Tough Guys films produced?

Hypothesis: The studio fostered many series: The Dead End Kids and Little Tough Guys action features and serials (1938–43); the comic adventures of infant Baby Sandy (1938–41); comedies with Hugh Herbert (1938–42) and The Ritz Brothers (1940–43); musicals with Robert Paige, Jane Frazee, The Andrews Sisters, and The Merry Macs (1938–45); and westerns with Tom Mix (1932–33), Buck Jones (1933–36), Bob Baker (1938–39), Johnny Mack Brown (1938–43); Rod Cameron (1944–45), and Kirby Grant (1946–47).


Premise: Who believes that the Soviet Unions was afraid of Germany?

Hypothesis: According to Carr, an important advantage was that "if Soviet Russia had eventually to fight Hitler, the Western Powers would already be involved."[page needed]


Premise: What shapes processes of human cognition?

Hypothesis: This subfield tends to focus on ways in which humans' development and enculturation within a particular cultural group—with its own history, language, practices, and conceptual categories—shape processes of human cognition, emotion, perception, motivation, and mental health.


Premise: What did a similar study done by Garry find?

Hypothesis: Interestingly, research has revealed that asking individuals to repeatedly imagine actions that they have never performed or events that they have never experienced could result in false memories.


Premise: What is the average rainfall in the City of Boston per year?

Hypothesis: There is also high year-to-year variability in snowfall; for instance, the winter of 2011–12 saw only 9.3 in (23.6 cm) of accumulating snow, but the previous winter, the corresponding figure was 81.0 in (2.06 m).[d]


Premise: In what year was Eisenhower involved in an incident while flying?

Hypothesis: Columbine II is the only presidential aircraft to have ever been sold to the public and is the only remaining presidential aircraft left unrestored and not on public display.


Premise: Why would they leave agricultural lifestyle?

Hypothesis: In the Brazilian rainforest, those groups that recently did, or even continue to, rely on hunting and gathering techniques seem to have adopted this lifestyle, abandoning most agriculture, as a way to escape colonial control and as a result of the introduction of European diseases reducing their populations to levels where agriculture became difficult.[citation needed][dubious – discuss]


Premise: What has stimulated IT sector?

Hypothesis: The information technology (IT) sector has expanded rapidly in the past few years, with many start-ups selling outsourcing services to North America and Europe, operating with companies such as Microsoft, Oracle and other major corporations, as well as many small and medium size enterprises.


Premise: What used to be the main party district of Mexico City?

Hypothesis: Other well-known central neighborhoods include Condesa, known for its Art Deco architecture and its restaurant scene; Colonia Roma, a beaux arts neighborhood and artistic and culinary hot-spot, the Zona Rosa, formerly the center of nightlife and restaurants, now reborn as the center of the LGBT and Korean-Mexican communities; and Tepito and La Lagunilla, known for their local working-class foklore and large flea markets.


Premise: What type of climate does this area have?

Hypothesis: This led to a landscape which was long dominated by temperate rainforest, although human activity has since cleared the vast majority of forest cover.


Premise: Who used a sample of Czech individuals to determine the frequency of "Monigoloid" "mtDNA lineages"?

Hypothesis: In 2008, biochemist Boris Arkadievich Malyarchuk (Russian: Борис Аркадьевич Малярчук) et al. of the Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia, used a sample (n=279) of Czech individuals to determine the frequency of "Mongoloid" "mtDNA lineages".


Premise: Which professor from Northeastern University wrote about how race correlates with these criticisms of Beyonce?

Hypothesis: Emmett Price, a professor of music at Northeastern University, wrote in 2007, that he thinks race plays a role in many of these criticisms, saying white celebrities who dress similarly do not attract as many comments.


Premise: Whose principles did Burke imitate?

Hypothesis: Richard Hurd believed that Burke's imitation was near-perfect and that this defeated his purpose: an ironist "should take care by a constant exaggeration to make the ridicule shine through the Imitation.


Premise: An equal-tempered semitone is subdivided into how many cents?

Hypothesis: This creates a linear pitch space in which octaves have size 12, semitones (the distance between adjacent keys on the piano keyboard) have size 1, and A440 is assigned the number 69.


Premise: Along with Nepali, what is Kathmandu's main language?

Hypothesis: The major languages are Nepali and Nepal Bhasa, while English is understood by many, particularly in the service industry.


Premise: What plan launched a Bicycle sharing system?

Hypothesis: Santa Monica is thought to be one of the leaders for bicycle infrastructure and programming in Los Angeles County.[citation needed]


Premise: What happened to loyal Roman Catholicism priests?

Hypothesis: Thuringia generally accepted the Protestant Reformation, and Roman Catholicism was suppressed as early as 1520[citation needed]; priests who remained loyal to it were driven away and churches and monasteries were largely destroyed, especially during the German Peasants' War of 1525.


Premise: What's the common name of polytetrafluoroethylene?

Hypothesis: Some of these dielectrics are polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon), FR-4, FR-1, CEM-1 or CEM-3.


Premise: Who was the first painter to King Louis XIV?

Hypothesis: Pierre Mignard became the first painter to King Louis XIV during this period.


Premise: What type of Chopin's music had the most disregard for strict timing according to Charles Rosen?

Hypothesis: Charles Rosen comments that "most of the written-out indications of rubato in Chopin are to be found in his mazurkas ...


Premise: Who can usually be found watching supply ships unload at Norfolk Island?

Hypothesis: Loading jetties are located at Kingston and Cascade, but ships cannot get close to either of them.


Premise: When were the Anglo-Maratha Wars fought?

Hypothesis: The Company soon expanded its territories around its bases in Bombay and Madras; the Anglo-Mysore Wars (1766–1799) and later the Anglo-Maratha Wars (1772–1818) led to control of the vast regions of India.


Premise: What century did Nasser rule in?

Hypothesis: Historians describe Nasser as a towering political figure of the Middle East in the 20th century.


Premise: What competition did Barcelona win in 1966?

Hypothesis: The 1960s saw the emergence of Josep Maria Fusté and Carles Rexach, and the club won the Copa del Generalísimo in 1963 and the Fairs Cup in 1966.


Premise: High-rise buildings may be restricted to prevent obstruction of what views?

Hypothesis: High-rise development is restricted at certain sites if it would obstruct protected views of St Paul's Cathedral and other historic buildings.


Premise: What other international laws deal with child labour?

Hypothesis: This international law prohibits worst forms of child labour, defined as all forms of slavery and slavery-like practices, such as child trafficking, debt bondage, and forced labour, including forced recruitment of children into armed conflict.


Premise: How many aftershocks were there within 72 hours?

Hypothesis: Between 64 and 104 major aftershocks, ranging in magnitude from 4.0 to 6.1, were recorded within 72 hours of the main quake.


Premise: On May 3, 1856, how many Pitcairners left for Norfolk Island?

Hypothesis: On 8 June 1856, the next settlement began on Norfolk Island.


Premise: What charter is said to be the first establishing academic freedom in a university?

Hypothesis: An important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom.


Premise: What people live in the southeast area of the country?

Hypothesis: Isolated in the highest parts of the Pamir Mountains, they have preserved many ancient cultural traditions and folk arts that have been largely lost elsewhere in the country.


Premise: Which microphone hold the most importance in 3 microphone recording?

Hypothesis: In 1955, Mercury began three-channel stereo recordings, still based on the principle of the single microphone.


Premise: According to a poll, what percentage of New Jersey voters opposed the takeover of Atlantic City by the state?

Hypothesis: Interestingly, the poll also found that even South Jersey voters expressed opposition to the plan; 40% reported they opposed the measure and 37% reported they were in favor of it.


Premise: Where were most of the authors in the JSAC edition?

Hypothesis: While there were some papers from before that time, this collection documented an entire variety of finished, working audio coders, nearly all of them using perceptual (i.e. masking) techniques and some kind of frequency analysis and back-end noiseless coding.


Premise: Who did Vladimir marry that was the sister of the Byzantine emperor?

Hypothesis: He was forced to flee to Scandinavia in 976 after his half-brother Yaropolk had murdered his other brother Oleg and taken control of Rus.


Premise: What was the response of Empress Elizabeth of Russia to the English-Prussian agreement?

Hypothesis: Empress Elizabeth of Russia was outraged at the duplicity of Britain's position.


Premise: What has their been a prominent supply of in the 20th century?

Hypothesis: While new characters can be easily coined by writing on paper, they are difficult to represent on a computer – they must generally be represented as a picture, rather than as text – which presents a significant barrier to their use or widespread adoption.


Premise: Whos is a former editor with The Delka Broadsheet?

Hypothesis: A number of the broadsheets in circulation subsequently closed down operations, as they were no longer able to cover printing costs in the face of the electronic revolution.


Premise: When was Tiberius Gracchus murdered?

Hypothesis: His law was enacted, but Tiberius was murdered with 300 of his associates when he stood for reelection to the tribunate.


Premise: When would you have first found the moving coil microphone?

Hypothesis: The dynamic or moving coil microphone was introduced around 1930 and the velocity or ribbon microphone in 1932.


Premise: Which ancient text provides an example of the humanist way of thinking?

Hypothesis: Grand Architect of the universe tied with a unique eschatology and ethical system implying that each person is held morally responsible for their choices, made freely in this present life, in the afterlife.


Premise: Who conceived of "The Third Force Psychology Theory?"

Hypothesis: Maslow’s ‘‘Third Force Psychology Theory’’ even allows literary analysts to critically understand how characters reflect the culture and the history in which they are contextualized.


Premise: Madonna signed a three album deal with which record company?

Hypothesis: It was also revealed that the singer had signed a three-album deal with Interscope Records, who would act as the distributor in partnership with her 360 deal with Live Nation.


Premise: What were the 2 types of migration during the 18th century?

Hypothesis: People in this period were also remarkably on the move.


Premise: Along with the James and the Chickahominy, what is a notable river in the area near Richmond?

Hypothesis: The city is located in the Piedmont region of Virginia, at the highest navigable point of the James River.


Premise: What German war policy precipitated US involvement in WWI?

Hypothesis: When the U.S declared war, the U.S. army was still small by European standards and mobilization would take a year.


Premise: What language did Muslim philosophers speak?

Hypothesis: The use of a single language, Arabic, allowed communication without need of a translator.


Premise: What molecular form is found in the interstellar medium?

Hypothesis: A molecular form called protonated molecular hydrogen (H+_3) is found in the interstellar medium, where it is generated by ionization of molecular hydrogen from cosmic rays.


Premise: Gotamas teachings may have been personal and adjusted to the need of each what?

Hypothesis: Gotama's teachings may have been personal, "adjusted to the need of each person."


Premise: How many Italians lived in Libya prior to October of 1970?

Hypothesis: Aiming to reduce NATO power in the Mediterranean, in 1971 Libya requested that Malta cease to allow NATO to use its land for a military base, in turn offering them foreign aid.


Premise: What often caused strife between Greek states?

Hypothesis: Both Athens and Sparta were later overshadowed by Thebes and eventually Macedon, with the latter uniting the Greek world in the League of Corinth (also known as the Hellenic League or Greek League) under the guidance of Phillip II, who was elected leader of the first unified Greek state in history.


Premise: Who believed that the same forces that controlled the universe also controlled the human body?

Hypothesis: Han-era medical physicians believed that the human body was subject to the same forces of nature that governed the greater universe, namely the cosmological cycles of yin and yang and the five phases.


Premise: Who was Unicode developed in conjunction with?

Hypothesis: Unicode is developed in conjunction with the International Organization for Standardization and shares the character repertoire with ISO/IEC 10646: the Universal Character Set.


Premise: How many coconuts are required to produce 1 liter of coconut oil?

Hypothesis: Copra, the meat of the coconut, yields coconut oil (1 liter for every 6 to 10 coconuts).


Premise: What do the 'Optics Valley' companies do?

Hypothesis: The City of Tucson, Pima County, the State of Arizona, and the private sector have all made commitments to create a growing, healthy economy[citation needed] with advanced technology industry sectors as its foundation.


Premise: Which traders came to the archipelago for trade?

Hypothesis: Indian traders came to the archipelago both for its abundant forest and maritime products and to trade with merchants from China, who also discovered the Malay world at an early date.


Premise: What was included in the Post-agrarian diet?

Hypothesis: Post-agrarian diet was restricted to a limited package of successfully cultivated cereal grains, plants and to a variable extent domesticated animals and animal products.


Premise: Was Duchamp's work considered controversial when displayed in 1912?

Hypothesis: The subsequent 1912 Salon des Indépendants was marked by the presentation of Marcel Duchamp's Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2, which itself caused a scandal, even amongst the Cubists.


Premise: Who was de Oliveira?

Hypothesis: It is named after Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira, former president of Brazil.


Premise: What was the sale price of Marvel?

Hypothesis: On August 31, 2009, The Walt Disney Company announced a deal to acquire Marvel Comics' parent corporation, Marvel Entertainment, for $4 billion or $4.2 billion, with Marvel shareholders to receive $30 and 0.745 Disney shares for each share of Marvel they own.


Premise: At this time, what type of players were added to Barcelona?

Hypothesis: On the field, an influx of international players, including Ronaldinho, Deco, Henrik Larsson, Ludovic Giuly, Samuel Eto'o, and Rafael Márquez, combined with home grown Spanish players, such as Carles Puyol, Andrés Iniesta, Xavi and Víctor Valdés, led to the club's return to success.


Premise: Which Van Halen instrumental showcased the guitar mastery of Eddie Van Halen?

Hypothesis: In 1978, Van Halen emerged from the Los Angeles music scene with a sound based around the skills of lead guitarist Eddie Van Halen.


Premise: Where are Popper's manuscripts kept now?

Hypothesis: He had been working continuously on his philosophy until two weeks before, when he suddenly fell terminally ill.


Premise: What is a significant early architectural canonical type?

Hypothesis: Texts on architecture have been written since ancient time.


Premise: How many underwriters was Richard M. Bowen III responsible for at Citigroup?

Hypothesis: His testimony stated that by 2006, 60% of mortgages purchased by Citi from some 1,600 mortgage companies were "defective" (were not underwritten to policy, or did not contain all policy-required documents) – this, despite the fact that each of these 1,600 originators was contractually responsible (certified via representations and warrantees) that its mortgage originations met Citi's standards.


Premise: How many auditions are there before contestants audition for the judges?

Hypothesis: Contestants go through at least three sets of cuts.


Premise: What is the highest bit rate the LAME encoder allows?

Hypothesis: Non-standard bit rates up to 640 kbit/s can be achieved with the LAME encoder and the freeformat option, although few MP3 players can play those files.


Premise: On what date was the 12 inch LP released?

Hypothesis: It took about eight years of study, except when it was suspended because of World War II.


Premise: In what month and year did Gaddafi begin Third International Theory?

Hypothesis: In June 1973, Gaddafi created a political ideology as a basis for the Popular Revolution.


Premise: How many immigrants in Paris in 2012 were from sub-Saharan Africa and Egypt?

Hypothesis: According to the 2012 census, 135,853 residents of the city of Paris were immigrants from Europe, 112,369 were immigrants from the Maghreb, 70,852 from sub-Saharan Africa and Egypt, 5,059 from Turkey, 91,297 from Asia (outside Turkey), 38,858 from the Americas, and 1,365 from the South Pacific.


Premise: On what date did Timur beat the Delhi Sultan?

Hypothesis: A Turco-Mongol conqueror in Central Asia, Timur (Tamerlane), attacked the reigning Sultan Nasir-u Din Mehmud of the Tughlaq Dynasty in the north Indian city of Delhi.


Premise: .What was the title of Silius Italicus' epic in which Virgil was referenced in almost every line?

Hypothesis: With almost every line of his epic Punica Silius references Virgil.


Premise: How many civilians died in the attack?

Hypothesis: On the night of July 31, 1991, Russian OMON from Riga, the Soviet military headquarters in the Baltics, assaulted the Lithuanian border post in Medininkai and killed seven Lithuanian servicemen.


Premise: What can be absent from the bacterial genome?

Hypothesis: For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome.


Premise: Why did Nasser abandon the Presidential Council?

Hypothesis: In late 1961, Nasser established the Presidential Council and decreed it the authority to approve all senior military appointments, instead of leaving this responsibility solely to Amer.


Premise: What religion is predominant in the West and western South Slavs?

Hypothesis: Orthodox Christianity is predominant in the East and South Slavs, while Roman Catholicism is predominant in West Slavs and the western South Slavs.


Premise: Who provides the city services?

Hypothesis: Given that Mexico City is organized entirely as a Federal District, most of the city services are provided or organized by the Government of the Federal District and not by the boroughs themselves, while in the constituent states these services would be provided by the municipalities.


Premise: How many local subway stations are on 23rd Street?

Hypothesis: Street there are five local subway stations:


Premise: The leading author and solicitor of the letters page in The Times had how many articles published?

Hypothesis: Author/solicitor David Green of Castle Morris Pembrokeshire has had more letters published on the main letters page than any other known contributor – 158 by 31 January 2008.


Premise: In what year were department store sales beaten by larger stores?

Hypothesis: Since then, they have suffered from strong competition from specialist stores.


Premise: What greatly eased the cultural pressure towards Catholicism.

Hypothesis: See for example careers of Senator Adam Kisiel and Jerzy Franciszek Kulczycki.


Premise: What is not the same between hand made and robotic amde mosaics?

Hypothesis: With robotic production, colored tiles are loaded into buffers, and then the robot picks and places tiles individually according to a command file from the design software.


Premise: The historical record attests to Jewish communities in southern Europe since what time?

Hypothesis: The historical record attests to Jewish communities in southern Europe since pre-Christian times.


Premise: What percentage of Estonia exports are sent to Nordic countries?

Hypothesis: Whereas in 1992 Russia accounted for 92% of Estonia's international trade, today there is extensive economic interdependence between Estonia and its Nordic neighbours: three quarters of foreign investment in Estonia originates in the Nordic countries (principally Finland and Sweden), to which Estonia sends 42% of its exports (as compared to 6.5% going to Russia, 8.8% to Latvia, and 4.7% to Lithuania).


Premise: When was oil discovered in the city limits?

Hypothesis: Post-war growth accompanied the construction of the Interstate Highway System, which made Oklahoma City a major interchange as the convergence of I-35, I-40 and I-44.


Premise: How many native speakers are in each apartment building in the Foreign Language Student Residence program?

Hypothesis: Each apartment has at least one native speaker to ensure correct language usage.


Premise: What is the median level for measuring atmospheric noise?

Hypothesis: The loss within the antenna will affect the intended signal and the noise/interference identically, leading to no reduction in signal to noise ratio (SNR).


Premise: Do LEGAT offices conduct unilateral operations in host countries?

Hypothesis: Despite its domestic focus, the FBI also maintains a significant international footprint, operating 60 Legal Attache (LEGAT) offices and 15 sub-offices in U.S. embassies and consulates across the globe.


Premise: What does apatheia mean?

Hypothesis: However Athens had now lost her political freedom and Hellenistic philosophy is a reflection of this new difficult period.


Premise: What South Korean city did the US and ROK forces defend while building reinforcements?

Hypothesis: North Korean forces struck massively in the summer of 1950 and nearly drove the outnumbered US and ROK defenders into the sea.


Premise: What is the average amount of time men serve as missionaries?

Hypothesis: Many students (88 percent of men, 33 percent of women) either delay enrollment or take a hiatus from their studies to serve as Mormon missionaries.


Premise: What is Operational Acceptance limited to while testing?

Hypothesis: Functional testing within OAT is limited to those tests which are required to verify the non-functional aspects of the system.


Premise: Who wrote 'The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara'?

Hypothesis: After completing filming on Ready Player One, while it is in its lengthy, effects-heavy post-production, he will film his long-planned adaptation of David Kertzer's acclaimed The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara.


Premise: What option besides removing the video does youtube grant copyright holders?

Hypothesis: YouTube gives an option for copyright holders to locate and remove their videos or to have them continue running for revenue.


Premise: What happened to Frederick's army at the Battle at Kunersdorf?

Hypothesis: Though the Hanoverians defeated an army of 60,000 French at Minden, Austrian general Daun forced the surrender of an entire Prussian corps of 13,000 in the Battle of Maxen.


Premise: Do adolescents with a less privileged upbringing have a more or less difficult time developing their identity?

Hypothesis: Studies done by the American Psychological Association have shown that adolescents with a less privileged upbringing have a more difficult time developing their identity.


Premise: How many players on the Barelona team have scored over 100 goals?

Hypothesis: He is the record goalscorer for Barcelona in European (82 goals) and international club competitions (90 goals), and the record league scorer with 305 goals in La Liga.


Premise: What are some of the process type groups Windows 8 implemented?

Hypothesis: Task Manager has been redesigned, including a new processes tab with the option to display fewer or more details of running applications and background processes, a heat map using different colors indicating the level of resource usage, network and disk counters, grouping by process type (e.g. applications, background processes and Windows processes), friendly names for processes and a new option which allows users to search the web to find information about obscure processes.


Premise: What was charted in 1939?

Hypothesis: During the difficult 1930s of the Great Depression, government at all levels was integral to creating jobs.


Premise: In the western US, who were not allowed to have relationships with whites?

Hypothesis: In California and the western US, there were greater numbers of Latino and Asian residents.


Premise: What is added to the glass of jars to improve water resistance?

Hypothesis: The top surface of the glass is subjected to nitrogen under pressure to obtain a polished finish.


Premise: What did the pope suffer on 25 May 1963?

Hypothesis: By 31 May, it had become clear that the cancer had overcome the resistance of John XXIII – it had left him confined to his bed.


Premise: What language does phonology as a word come from?

Hypothesis: More recently, Lass (1998) writes that phonology refers broadly to the subdiscipline of linguistics concerned with the sounds of language, while in more narrow terms, "phonology proper is concerned with the function, behavior and organization of sounds as linguistic items."


Premise: Which two national basketball teams play in NYC?

Hypothesis: The city's National Basketball Association teams are the Brooklyn Nets and the New York Knicks, while the New York Liberty is the city's Women's National Basketball Association.


Premise: What are the phyla that have a ring of ciliated tentacles around the mouth called?

Hypothesis: These two groups have long been considered close relatives because of the common presence of trochophore larvae, but the annelids were considered closer to the arthropods because they are both segmented.


Premise: What ethnicity made up the Upper Three Banners?

Hypothesis: The remaining Banners were known as the "Lower Five Banners.


Premise: What is considered a measurement of a state's support to liberal democracy?

Hypothesis: The freedom to form, declare membership in, or campaign for candidates from a political party is considered a measurement of a state's adherence to liberal democracy as a political value.


Premise: When did Victoria ask Palmerston to resume his office?

Hypothesis: On her return Victoria wrote to Derby reprimanding him for the poor state of the Royal Navy in comparison to the French one.


Premise: What is the name of the municipal government by which New Delhi is governed?

Hypothesis: However, the entire metropolis of Delhi is commonly known as New Delhi in contrast to Old Delhi.


Premise: Which old, traditional sport is considered to be the national sport by some Swiss?

Hypothesis: Traditional sports include Swiss wrestling or "Schwingen".


Premise: What does this Gospel show that Athanasius also believed?

Hypothesis: This Gospel in itself is the greatest support of Athanasius's stand.


Premise: Why do many Somalis live in South Asia and Europe?

Hypothesis: They are traditionally nomads, but since the late 20th century, many have moved to urban areas.


Premise: What was the central point of the rulings of the Supreme Court's rulings?

Hypothesis: The central point, they argue, was a constitutional ban against aid to religious schools, followed by a later ban on religious observance in public education.


Premise: What does the term LDL stand for?

Hypothesis: Elevated amounts of Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, is the primary factor in heart disease.


Premise: Which airline's CEO can be called a non - academic alumni of Imperial?

Hypothesis: Non-academic alumni:


Premise: Who did Kexi thing should take over for him?

Hypothesis: In reaction, the two other generals decided to petition for their own retirements to test Kangxi's resolve, thinking that he would not risk offending them.


Premise: What is important to note about where the tags are stored?

Hypothesis: These tags are normally embedded at the beginning or end of MP3 files, separate from the actual MP3 frame data.


Premise: How many evacuees were there?

Hypothesis: The lack of bombing in the Phoney War contributed significantly to the return of people to the cities, but class conflict was not eased a year later when evacuation operations had to be put into effect again.


Premise: A list of websites a user can click to get back to easy have been what by the user?

Hypothesis: Most web browsers can display a list of web pages that the user has bookmarked so that the user can quickly return to them.


Premise: What percentage of New Haven's population is comprised by individuals identifying as White?

Hypothesis: The city's demography is shifting rapidly: New Haven has always been a city of immigrants and currently the Latino population is growing rapidly.


Premise: What were the names of some of the figures for the established religion that are based on ancestral ties ?

Hypothesis: As part of the Mycenaean heritage that survived, the names of the gods and goddesses of Mycenaean Greece (e.g. Zeus, Poseidon and Hades) became major figures of the Olympian Pantheon of later antiquity.


Premise: What allowed the expansion of Arabic translations during the 5th century?

Hypothesis: Translation of material into Arabic expanded after the creation of Arabic script in the 5th century, and gained great importance with the rise of Islam and Islamic empires.


Premise: the neo-orthodox movement holds that who's views are not accurately followed by the mordern orthodoxy?

Hypothesis: The neo-Orthodox movement holds that Hirsch's views are not accurately followed by Modern Orthodoxy.


Premise: How many pilots did Fighter Command lose?

Hypothesis: Fighter Command lost 17 fighters and six pilots.


Premise: What did the Mesopotamian use to record data about the world around them?

Hypothesis: But their observations and measurements were seemingly taken for purposes other than for elucidating scientific laws.


Premise: What cable network did the AFL sign a regional contract with?

Hypothesis: The AFL also had a regional-cable deal with FSN, where FSN regional affiliates in AFL markets carried local team games.


Premise: How does an NPO have to handle surplus money?

Hypothesis: In some countries, where there is a token fee, in general it is used to meet legal requirements for establishing a contract between the executive and the organization.


Premise: When did John Brown give Victoria his mother's wedding ring?

Hypothesis: She was dressed in a white dress and her wedding veil.


Premise: What would some people in Spain go out disguised as?

Hypothesis: Confession books from around 800 contain more information about how people would dress as an animal or old woman during the festivities in January and February, even though this was a sin with no small penance.


Premise: What percentage of primary students study Catalan as a foreign language?

Hypothesis: Catalan is studied as a foreign language by 30% of the primary education students, and by 15% of the secondary.


Premise: By how many attendees did the average Premier League attendance increase between 1992 and 2009?

Hypothesis: This represents an increase of 13,089 from the average attendance of 21,126 recorded in the league's first season (1992–93).


Premise: What was the  "Overseas Contingency Operations" renamed to in 2010?

Hypothesis: In May 2013, Obama stated that the goal is "to dismantle specific networks of violent extremists that threaten America"; which coincided with the U.S. Office of Management and Budget having changed the wording from "Overseas Contingency Operations" to "Countering Violent Extremism" in 2010.


Premise: The various sizes as well as how panels are arranged help with what aspect of comics?

Hypothesis: Comics are a medium used to express ideas by images, often combined with text or other visual information.


Premise: As of October 2011, how many subscribers does The Times' digital product currently have?

Hypothesis: As of October 2011, there were around 111,000 subscribers to The Times' digital products.


Premise: How many languages are spoken by Muslims?

Hypothesis: Muslims are the majority in 49 countries, they speak hundreds of languages and come from diverse ethnic backgrounds.


Premise: How many tourists come to Miami each year?

Hypothesis: Annual events such as the Sony Ericsson Open, Art Basel, Winter Music Conference, South Beach Wine & Food Festival, and Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Miami attract millions to the metropolis every year.


Premise: What are most prokaryotic genes organized into?

Hypothesis: Many prokaryotic genes are organized into operons, with multiple protein-coding sequences that are transcribed as a unit.


Premise: The often unclear division between a self-executing treaty and a non-self-executing treaty can lead to a treaty being what if disagreements exist within a party?

Hypothesis: If a treaty requires implementing legislation, a state may be in default of its obligations by the failure of its legislature to pass the necessary domestic laws.


Premise: Does it matter at which speed a disc is spun?

Hypothesis: The normal commercial disc is engraved with two sound-bearing concentric spiral grooves, one on each side, running from the outside edge towards the center.


Premise: The Buddhism practiced in Tibet, the Himalayan regions and Mongolia are often referred to as?

Hypothesis: The Buddhism practiced in Tibet, the Himalayan regions, and Mongolia is also Mahayana in origin, but is discussed below under the heading of Vajrayana (also commonly referred to as "Northern Buddhism").


Premise: What contains material ofen described as systematic expositions of the Gautama Buddha teachings?

Hypothesis: The Pāli Tipitaka, which means "three baskets", refers to the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka.


Premise: Time has personal value due to awareness of it's limited nature in what?

Hypothesis: Time is also of significant social importance, having economic value ("time is money") as well as personal value, due to an awareness of the limited time in each day and in human life spans.


Premise: Does a high ranking on the HDI indicate shorter or longer life expectancy?

Hypothesis: The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.


Premise: Bilingual computer processing uses what characters?

Hypothesis: Unicode has the explicit aim of transcending the limitations of traditional character encodings, such as those defined by the ISO 8859 standard, which find wide usage in various countries of the world but remain largely incompatible with each other.


Premise: What company was led by Sir George Taubman Goldie?

Hypothesis: The following year, it chartered the Royal Niger Company under the leadership of Sir George Taubman Goldie.


Premise: When did cooperation between communist and nationalist forces end?

Hypothesis: Conflicts between Chinese communist and nationalist forces vying for territory control behind enemy lines culminated in a major armed clash in January 1941, effectively ending their co-operation.


Premise: What groups are relatives of the arthropods?

Hypothesis: Two smaller phyla, the Onychophora and Tardigrada, are close relatives of the arthropods and share these traits.


Premise: What does the climate of Antarctica inhibit?

Hypothesis: A combination of freezing temperatures, poor soil quality, lack of moisture, and lack of sunlight inhibit plant growth.


Premise: What limitation is only embodied in case law, rather than statues?

Hypothesis: That is, a copy of someone else's original idea is not infringing unless it copies that person's unique, tangible expression of the idea.


Premise: This species relies on other species to provide a reproductive host for their offspring.

Hypothesis: A well-known example of a parasitoids are the ichneumon wasps, solitary insects living a free life as an adult, then laying eggs on or in another species such as a caterpillar.


Premise: What effects can wrestling have on the wrestlers?

Hypothesis: Some veterans speak of a "sickness" among wrestling performers, an inexplicable pull to remain active in the wrestling world despite the devastating effects the job can have on one's life and health.


Premise: What is the Glasgow Tower?

Hypothesis: An example would be the Moonlight towers in Austin, Texas, where the elevator holds only one person and equipment for maintenance.


Premise: What mentions taking refuge on behalf of young or unborn children?

Hypothesis: The practice of taking refuge on behalf of young or even unborn children is mentioned in the Majjhima Nikaya, recognized by most scholars as an early text (cf.


Premise: What format dominated the market in the late 1980s?

Hypothesis: Despite these improvements, during the 1910s discs decisively won this early format war, although Edison continued to produce new Blue Amberol cylinders for an ever-dwindling customer base until late in 1929.


Premise: What is a major factor whn it comes to electrification?

Hypothesis: Network effects are a large factor with electrification.


Premise: What was the initial launch window of the 360 console?

Hypothesis: Launched worldwide across 2005–2006, the Xbox 360 was initially in short supply in many regions, including North America and Europe.


Premise: Which specific party has the most members in the City Parliament?

Hypothesis: Currently the City Parliament consist of 23 members of the Social Democratic Party (SP/PS), 11 Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC), 8 Green Alliance of Berne (GB), 8 Grüne Freie Liste (GFL)


Premise: What was the name of the 360's video store service?

Hypothesis: On November 6, 2006, Microsoft announced the Xbox Video Marketplace, an exclusive video store accessible through the console.


Premise: What date did Tennessee become one of the United States of America?

Hypothesis: Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1, 1796.


Premise: Which President made their stance on affirmative action clear in 1995?

Hypothesis: Many presidents throughout the last century have failed to take a very firm stance on the policy, and the public has had to discern the president's opinion for themselves.


Premise: What does OCF stand for?

Hypothesis: These two codecs, along with block-switching contributions from Thomson-Brandt, were merged into a codec called ASPEC, which was submitted to MPEG, and which won the quality competition, but that was mistakenly rejected as too complex to implement.


Premise: Which official had supremacy in both civil and military matters?

Hypothesis: Aediles were officers elected to conduct domestic affairs in Rome, such as managing public games and shows.


Premise: How much did Comcast pay for this cable tv provider?

Hypothesis: On October 31, 2005, Comcast officially announced that it had acquired Susquehanna Communications a South Central Pennsylvania, -based cable television and broadband services provider and unit of the former Susquehanna Pfaltzgraff company, for $775 million cash.


Premise: What's Sony's budget line of PS3 games called in Japan?

Hypothesis: Cry 4, Army of Two, Battlefield: Bad Company and Midnight Club: Los Angeles have also joined the list.


Premise: Wind turbines in the USA can now compete with what type of fuel?

Hypothesis: This has opened up new opportunities and in Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio, the price of power from wind turbines built 300 feet to 400 feet above the ground can now compete with conventional fossil fuels like coal.


Premise: Who suggested that the Free Trade Agreement amounted to an American takeover of Canada?

Hypothesis: In the 1988 federal election, the Liberals asserted that the proposed Free Trade Agreement amounted to an American takeover of Canada—notably, the party ran an ad in which Progressive Conservative (PC) strategists, upon the adoption of the agreement, slowly erased the Canada-U.S. border from a desktop map of North America.


Premise: Where was Spielberg an Olympic flagbearer?

Hypothesis: In 2009, Boston University presented him an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree.


Premise: What's another word for glued laminated timber?

Hypothesis: The trends suggest that particle board and fiber board will overtake plywood.


Premise: What type of support does The Health Services Group provide?

Hypothesis: The Health Services Group is a joint formation that includes over 120 general or specialized units and detachments providing health services to the Canadian Armed Forces.


Premise: Which company is the world's oldest canned fish producer?

Hypothesis: Traditionally a sea-power, Portugal has had a strong tradition in the Portuguese fishing sector and is one of the countries with the highest fish consumption per capita.


Premise: Who designed the Edificio Panamericano?

Hypothesis: Other landmarks in Pocitos are the "Edificio Panamericano" designed by Raul Sichero, and the "Positano" and "El Pilar" designed by Adolfo Sommer Smith and Luis García Pardo in the 1950s and 1960s.


Premise: When did John Von Neuman die?

Hypothesis: John von Neumann (/vɒn


Premise: What was special about St Mark's Basilica in Venice?

Hypothesis: The Cathedral of Spoleto is also decorated on the upper façade with a huge mosaic portraying the Blessing Christ (signed by one Solsternus from 1207).


Premise: Von Neumann's modern definition of ordinal numbers superseded whose definition?

Hypothesis: Some of von Neumann's instant solutions to the problems in calculus posed by Szegő, sketched out on his father's stationery, are still on display at the von Neumann archive in Budapest.


Premise: Who is a director at the Pew Charitable Trusts?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, appropriate economic incentives could persuade pharmaceutical companies to invest in this endeavor.


Premise: When was INS v Chadha tried before the Supreme Court?

Hypothesis: In INS v. Chadha (1983), the Supreme Court decided (a)


Premise: What did Omar Pasha finally reach on December 2nd 1855?

Hypothesis: By 2 December he had reached the Tskhenis-dzqali, the rainy season had started, his camps were submerged in mud and there was no bread.


Premise: How many volumes was Queen Victorias journal?

Hypothesis: According to one of her biographers, Giles St Aubyn, Victoria wrote an average of 2,500 words a day during her adult life.


Premise: Who was Aaron's wife?

Hypothesis: (Aaron's wife Elisheba was of the tribe of Judah, so all their descendants are from both Levi and Judah.)[Num.1:7 & Ex.6:23]


Premise: What is one explanation for the rise of retail stores in earlier history?

Hypothesis: This urbanized social group, sharing a culture of consumption and changing fashion, was the catalyst for the retail revolution.


Premise: What is St. Patrick's Street curved?

Hypothesis: The reason for its curved shape is that it originally was a channel of the River Lee that was built over on arches.


Premise: What medical group is present at all Brigades but not part of it?

Hypothesis: Each contains one regiment each of artillery, armour, and combat engineers, three battalions of infantry (all scaled in the British fashion), one battalion for logistics, a squadron for headquarters/signals, and several smaller support organizations.


Premise: Most insects have what kind of vision?

Hypothesis: Most insects, except some species of cave crickets, are able to perceive light and dark.


Premise: What is the highest pay grade in the USAF?

Hypothesis: While all USAF military personnel are referred to as Airmen, the term also refers to the pay grades of E-1 through E-4, which are below the level of non-commissioned officers (NCOs).


Premise: What did the battle of Port Arthur establish?

Hypothesis: Four years into the 20th century saw the Russo-Japanese War with the Battle of Port Arthur establishing the Empire of Japan as a world power.


Premise: As relationships between people and dogs got closer, what happened to the art that had dogs in it?

Hypothesis: Representations of dogs became more elaborate as individual breeds evolved and the relationships between human and canine developed.


Premise: Where does water splitting occur?

Hypothesis: Some such organisms, including the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and cyanobacteria, have evolved a second step in the dark reactions in which protons and electrons are reduced to form H2 gas by specialized hydrogenases in the chloroplast.


Premise: By what method was Gary Gilmore executed?

Hypothesis: Executions resumed on January 17, 1977, when Gary Gilmore went before a firing squad in Utah.


Premise: What year did Walker retire?

Hypothesis: Walker retired in 1990 due to health, and Michael Dell hired Morton Meyerson, former CEO and president of Electronic Data Systems to transform the company from a fast-growing medium-sized firm into a billion-dollar enterprise.


Premise: What geologic climate was found in the Early Triassic?

Hypothesis: Temnospondyli evolved during this time and would be the dominant predator for much of the Triassic.


Premise: How many attended the trials of the Black Panther in 1970?

Hypothesis: Beginning on May Day, the city became a center of protest for 12,000 Panther supporters, college students, and New Left activists (including Jean Genet, Benjamin Spock, Abbie Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, and John Froines), who amassed on the New Haven Green, across the street from where the trials were being held.


Premise: What do researchers think transposable elements are key factors in when considering higher eukaryotes?

Hypothesis: It is believed that TEs are an important driving force on genome evolution of higher eukaryotes.


Premise: What do students finishing senior secondary school get?

Hypothesis: At the end of the senior secondary level, learners sit for a public examination, the Swaziland General Certificate of Secondary Education (SGCSE) and International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) which is accredited by the Cambridge International Examination (CIE).


Premise: How did the Egyptian people react to Nasser after the conference?

Hypothesis: Nasser was welcomed by large crowds of people lining the streets of Cairo on his return to Egypt on 2 May and was widely heralded in the press for his achievements and leadership in the conference.


Premise: What type of work is the word novel generally geared towards?

Hypothesis: Book-length comics take different forms in different cultures.


Premise: What title change will be happening to reduce racial tensions?

Hypothesis: One change that will be issued is the title of “master” for faculty members who serve as residential college leaders will be renamed to “head of college” due to its connotation of slavery.


Premise: Who controlled the country prior to 1984?

Hypothesis: The country was controlled by a revolutionary council until 1984.


Premise: What Chinese leader traveled to Yugoslavia in 1979?

Hypothesis: In turn, Chairman Hua Guofeng visited Yugoslavia in 1979.


Premise: When did Kant publish one of the most influential works in the history of the philosophy of space and time.

Hypothesis: In 1781, Immanuel Kant published the Critique of Pure Reason, one of the most influential works in the history of the philosophy of space and time.


Premise: What agricultural crop was farmed in the rich soils on the outlying areas of Houston?

Hypothesis: These sediments consist of a series of sands and clays deposited on decaying organic marine matter, that over time, transformed into oil and natural gas.


Premise: When did Madonna marry Guy Ritchie?

Hypothesis: She met director Guy Ritchie, who would become her second husband, in November 1998 and gave birth to their son Rocco John Ritchie on August 11, 2000 in Los Angeles.


Premise: According to the 2011 World Health Report, where does New Delhi rank in terms of economic activity?

Hypothesis: The 2011 World Wealth Report ranks economic activity in New Delhi at 39, but overall the capital is ranked at 37, above cities like Jakarta and Johannesburg.


Premise: What is the name of BYU's fight song?

Hypothesis: The school's fight song is the Cougar Fight Song.


Premise: What is the exact date on which the Concordat of 1801 was signed?

Hypothesis: Seeking national reconciliation between revolutionaries and Catholics, the Concordat of 1801 was signed on 15 July 1801 between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII.


Premise: What is horizontal gene transfer?

Hypothesis: In such cases, gene acquisition from other bacteria or the environment is called horizontal gene transfer and may be common under natural conditions.


Premise: Which organizations list Hirudo medicinalis as endangered?

Hypothesis: In the 19th century medical demand for leeches was so high that some areas' stocks were exhausted and other regions imposed restrictions or bans on exports, and Hirudo medicinalis is treated as an endangered species by both IUCN and CITES.


Premise: What is the highest point in Eritrea?

Hypothesis: The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression of Eritrea is the probable location of a triple junction where three tectonic plates are pulling away from one another.


Premise: What did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben teach the Continental Army?

Hypothesis: A number of European soldiers came on their own to help, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, who taught the army Prussian tactics and organizational skills.


Premise: During what time was the cold war close to happening?

Hypothesis: The Cold War drew to a close in the late 1980s and the early 1990s.


Premise: When was CBC's anologue upgrade extension set to expire?

Hypothesis: In mid-August 2011, the CRTC granted the CBC an extension, until August 31, 2012, to continue operating its analogue transmitters in markets subject to the August 31, 2011 transition deadline.


Premise: Where is a post-Vedic form of Sanskrit found?

Hypothesis: A significant form of post-Vedic Sanskrit is found in the Sanskrit of Indian epic poetry—the Ramayana and Mahabharata.


Premise: In what decade did Europeans first visit the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: Islands in the archipelago were first explored by Europeans in the 1520s, with Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar sighting an atoll in August 1526.


Premise: In what decade did the LEAA conduct their investigation of crime and DST?

Hypothesis: In the 1970s the US Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) found a reduction of 10% to 13% in Washington, D.C.'s violent crime rate during DST.


Premise: What can a portable device recognize?

Hypothesis: Two types of charging port exist: the charging downstream port (CDP), supporting data transfers as well, and the dedicated charging port (DCP), without data support.


Premise: What was GE's new revenue target for its Ecoimagination program in 2010?

Hypothesis: In 2007, GE raised the annual revenue target for its Ecomagination initiative from $20 billion in 2010 to $25 billion following positive market response to its new product lines.


Premise: What form are atoms in Vaisesika?

Hypothesis: A composite, in this philosophy, is defined to be anything which is divisible into atoms.


Premise: What is a WISP?

Hypothesis: Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequencies such as 2.5 GHz (EBS/BRS), 3.65 GHz (NN) and in the UHF band (including the MMDS frequency band) and LMDS.[citation needed]


Premise: What is a promising cellulose source that can be sustainably produced in many regions?

Hypothesis: According to the International Energy Agency, cellulosic ethanol biorefineries could allow biofuels to play a much bigger role in the future than organizations such as the IEA previously thought.


Premise: When did the second line of Metrobus open?

Hypothesis: Line 2 opened in December 2008, serving Eje 4 Sur, line 3 opened in February 2011, serving Eje 1 Poniente, and line 4 opened in April 2012 connecting the airport with San Lázaro and Buenavista Station at Insurgentes.


Premise: How much did it cost each company in season 7?

Hypothesis: The sponsorship deal cost around $10 million in season one, rising to $35 million by season 7, and between $50 to $60 million in season 10.


Premise: Where were records made with raised label areas?

Hypothesis: When auto-changing turntables were commonplace, records were typically pressed with a raised (or ridged) outer edge and a raised label area, allowing records to be stacked onto each other without the delicate grooves coming into contact, reducing the risk of damage.


Premise: What city did William Eaton capture to end the first Barbary War?

Hypothesis: The U.S. paid protection money until 1801, when President Thomas Jefferson refused to pay and sent in the Navy to challenge the Barbary States, the First Barbary War followed.


Premise: How many Jews live in Brazil?

Hypothesis: Demographers disagree on whether the United States has a larger Jewish population than Israel, with many maintaining that Israel surpassed the United States in Jewish population during the 2000s, while others maintain that the United States still has the largest Jewish population in the world.


Premise: What is the name of the woman who lit the torch for the new games?

Hypothesis: The People's Republic of China called this a "disgraceful" attempt to sabotage the Olympics.


Premise: In what year was Mubariz Khan defeated by Asif Jah I?

Hypothesis: In 1724, Asif Jah I defeated Mubariz Khan to establish autonomy over the Deccan Suba, named the region Hyderabad Deccan, and started what came to be known as the Asif Jahi dynasty.


Premise: At what landmark did the funeral procession begin?

Hypothesis: The 10-kilometer (6.2 mi) procession to his burial site began at the old RCC headquarters with a flyover by MiG-21 jets.


Premise: Most U.S law, the kind of law we live everyday, consists of what kind of law?

Hypothesis: Thus, most U.S. law (especially the actual "living law" of contract, tort, property, criminal, and family law experienced by the majority of citizens on a day-to-day basis) consists primarily of state law, which can and does vary greatly from one state to the next.


Premise: The annexation of what two regions resulted in large groups of Muslim refugees coming into the empire?

Hypothesis: For example, the Russian and Austria-Habsburg annexation of the Crimean and Balkan regions respectively saw large influxes of Muslim refugees – 200,000 Crimean Tartars fleeing to Dobruja.


Premise: What do you click on in the PS3 interface to get to the PlayStation Store?

Hypothesis: The service is accessible through an icon on the XMB on PS3 and PSP.


Premise: What year did Dr. Rowan Williams apologize to the Freemasons?

Hypothesis: In 2003 he felt it necessary to apologise to British Freemasons after he said that their beliefs were incompatible with Christianity and that he had barred the appointment of Freemasons to senior posts in his diocese when he was Bishop of Monmouth.


Premise: How many companies developed USB's?

Hypothesis: A group of seven companies began the development of USB in 1994: Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, and Nortel.


Premise: What were the main types of loans in Sumerian society?

Hypothesis: They were denominated in barley or other crops and the interest rate was typically much higher than for commercial loans and could amount to 1/3 to 1/2 of the loan principal.


Premise: Where are cases usually argued?

Hypothesis: By way of comparison, all federal district courts in 2010 together received only about 282,000 new civil cases, 77,000 new criminal cases, and 1.5 million bankruptcy cases, while federal appellate courts received 56,000 new cases.


Premise: What is Geimsa stain?

Hypothesis: Two methods, the Gram stain and the acid-fast stain, are the standard approaches used to classify bacteria and to diagnosis of disease.


Premise: Name the renewal movements which could be considered overemotional.

Hypothesis: Reformed charismatic denominations are the Sovereign Grace Churches and the Every Nation Churches in the USA, in Great Britain there is the Newfrontiers churches and movement, which leading figure is Terry Virgo.


Premise: What platform was The Life of Pablo officially released on?

Hypothesis: Several days ahead of the album's release, West again changed the title, this time to The Life of Pablo.


Premise: In what year did the league have two divisions?

Hypothesis: In 1984, each league had two divisions, East and West.


Premise: How large is the Marshall Islands shark sanctuary in square miles?

Hypothesis: In October 2011, the government declared that an area covering nearly 2,000,000 square kilometres (772,000 sq mi) of ocean shall be reserved as a shark sanctuary.


Premise: Who was the Mayor of Detroit in 2011?

Hypothesis: In 2011, Mayor Bing announced a plan to categorize neighborhoods by their needs and prioritize the most needed services for those neighborhoods.


Premise: Who coined the term cells?

Hypothesis: Naturalist Ulisse Aldrovandi (1522–1605) was considered the father of natural history, which included the study of plants.


Premise: How can the location and amount of insects be changed?

Hypothesis: This strategy uses a mixture of behavior-modifying stimuli to manipulate the distribution and abundance of insects.


Premise: What else can Badges be used to designate in the USAF?

Hypothesis: Badges can also be used as merit-based or service-based awards.


Premise: How much of the Bronx is white (including Hispanic) as of 2009?

Hypothesis: According to the 2009 American Community Survey, White Americans of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin represented over one-fifth (22.9%) of the Bronx's population.


Premise: What was Europe competing for?

Hypothesis: Finally, for King Leopold (ruled from 1865–1909), there was the large “piece of that great African cake” known as the Congo, which, unfortunately for the native Congolese, became his personal fiefdom to do with as he pleased in Central Africa.


Premise: When did the Soviet Union gain political-military influence and control over most Slavic-majority nations?

Hypothesis: The Russian Empire used Pan-Slavism as a political tool; as did the Soviet Union, which gained political-military influence and control over most Slavic-majority nations between 1945 and 1948 and retained a hegemonic role until the period 1989–1991.


Premise: How long are each of the subway systems?

Hypothesis: All major cities and towns have their own local urban transport network, as well as taxi services.


Premise: Along with valence, what is the other of the two dimensions used to map emotional experiences?

Hypothesis: A further step can be taken by looking at the map's dimensions of the emotional experiences.


Premise: What was Everton Football Club called after winning the 1995 FA Cup?

Hypothesis: The battling 1995 FA Cup winning side were known as "The Dogs of War".


Premise: What language is spoken in most rule of law countries?

Hypothesis: A common language between lawyers of common law and civil law countries as well as between legal communities of developed and developing countries is critically important for research of links between the rule of law and real economy.


Premise: When are some essential genes expressed?

Hypothesis: Not all essential genes are housekeeping genes since some essential genes are developmentally regulated or expressed at certain times during the organism's life cycle.


Premise: What is the only hospital in Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: The Department of Health also employs nine or ten nurses on the outer islands to provide general nursing and midwifery services.


Premise: Which entity oversees the Judicial Police?

Hypothesis: Portuguese law applied in the former colonies and territories and continues to be the major influence for those countries.


Premise: Where were aristocrats buried from the Middle Ages?

Hypothesis: Other poets, writers and musicians were buried or memorialised around Chaucer in what became known as Poets' Corner.


Premise: To whom did Barcelona appeal to lift the transfer bad?

Hypothesis: The next month, Barcelona announced the formation of a new Football Area Technical Commission, made up of vice-president Jordi Mestre, board member Javier Bordas, Carles Rexach and Ariedo Braida.


Premise: When did the slave trade begin?

Hypothesis: Beginning several centuries ago, during the period of the Ottoman Empire, tens of thousands of Black Africans were brought by slave traders to plantations and agricultural areas situated between Antalya and Istanbul in present-day Turkey.


Premise: Who beat Li Zicheng's army?

Hypothesis: Wu and Dorgon allied in the name of avenging the death of the Chongzhen Emperor.


Premise: Totaling worldwide, how many records as Beyonce sold?

Hypothesis: As a solo artist she has sold over 15 million albums in the US, and over 118 million records worldwide (a further 60 million additionally with Destiny's Child), making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time.


Premise: To what language family does Arabic belong?

Hypothesis: In addition to Somali, Arabic, which is also an Afro-Asiatic tongue, is an official national language in both Somalia and Djibouti.


Premise: The second truth is?

Hypothesis: The second truth is that the origin of dukkha can be known.


Premise: What are risks called that generate severe adverse consequences with small probability but generous compensation the rest of the time?

Hypothesis: These risks are known as tail risks.


Premise: How many patients were diagnosed with tuberculosis in 2010?

Hypothesis: However, most infections with M. tuberculosis do not cause TB disease, and 90–95% of infections remain asymptomatic.


Premise: What flag is on the team crest?

Hypothesis: The crest consists of the St George Cross in the upper-left corner with the Catalan flag beside it, and the team colours at the bottom.


Premise: What is important to note about where the tags are stored?

Hypothesis: MP3 decoders either extract information from the tags, or just treat them as ignorable, non-MP3 junk data.


Premise: What nationality was Remedios Varas?

Hypothesis: José Luis Cuevas opted for a modernist style in contrast to the muralist movement associated with social politics.


Premise: Who is responsible for Defence and Foreign Affairs?

Hypothesis: Defence and Foreign Affairs remain the responsibility of the United Kingdom.


Premise: What is the name of the solar energy research facility in the US?

Hypothesis: Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US (SERI, now NREL), Japan (NEDO), and Germany (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE).


Premise: How may state prisoners seek to have a death sentence overturned in federal court?

Hypothesis: After a death sentence is affirmed in state collateral review, the prisoner may file for federal habeas corpus, which is a unique type of lawsuit that can be brought in federal courts.


Premise: What is the largest fertile area of Thuringia?

Hypothesis: The fertile basins such as the large Thuringian Basin or the smaller Goldene Aue, Orlasenke and Osterland are in intensive use for growing cereals, vegetables, fruits and energy crops.


Premise: Who was the first leader of a unified Greece?

Hypothesis: The most devastating intra-Greek war was the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), won by Sparta and marking the demise of the Athenian Empire as the leading power in ancient Greece.


Premise: The SAC is an abbreviation for what US force?

Hypothesis: Part of the American reaction to the Soviet atomic and hydrogen bomb tests included maintaining a large Air Force, under the control of the Strategic Air Command (SAC).


Premise: What day was he buried?

Hypothesis: After he died, his brow was ritually tapped to see if he was dead, and those with him in the room said prayers.


Premise: Where were the modest boarding houses located before they were replaced by large hotels?

Hypothesis: Many of the modest boarding houses that dotted the boardwalk were replaced with large hotels.


Premise: who did the Mughal emperor extend hospitality to?

Hypothesis: In 1634, the Mughal emperor extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for the trade.


Premise: Who first trademarked the iPod name?

Hypothesis: The name iPod was proposed by Vinnie Chieco, a freelance copywriter, who (with others) was called by Apple to figure out how to introduce the new player to the public.


Premise: In what settlement were the dockyards located?

Hypothesis: Some of the greatest imports to Plymouth from the Americas and Europe during the latter half of the 19th century included maize, wheat, barley, sugar cane, guano, sodium nitrate and phosphate


Premise: When did the Umayyads begin to occupy Iberia?

Hypothesis: From the caliphate's north-western African bases, a series of raids on coastal areas of the Visigothic Kingdom paved the way to the permanent occupation of most of Iberia by the Umayyads (starting in 711), and on into south-eastern Gaul (last stronghold at Narbonne in 759).


Premise: Where is the memorial chapel of the airmen of the RAF?

Hypothesis: At the east end of the Lady Chapel is a memorial chapel to the airmen of the RAF who were killed in the Second World War.


Premise: How did the Sumerians build their strong domes?

Hypothesis: They built this by constructing and linking several arches.


Premise: Which tactics were the Luftwaffe excepted to use against Britain?

Hypothesis: Destroying RAF Fighter Command would allow the Germans to gain control of the skies over the invasion area.


Premise: What is the name of this theory that culture is a series of activities and world views?

Hypothesis: Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is, "the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time."


Premise: When were the Roman cardinals perceived as a privleged class among the Roman clergy?

Hypothesis: For a time this power was assigned exclusively to the cardinal bishops, but the Third Lateran Council in 1179 gave back the right to the whole body of cardinals.


Premise: Were Christian prized among the Ottomans ?

Hypothesis: There were, however, many Greeks who escaped the second-class status of Christians inherent in the Ottoman millet system, according to which Muslims were explicitly awarded senior status and preferential treatment.


Premise: What happened to some expressions in Pushkin's writing?

Hypothesis: Even modern readers of younger age may only experience slight difficulties understanding some words in Pushkin's texts, since relatively few words used by Pushkin have become archaic or changed meaning.


Premise: How many applications were widely available during Macintosh's introduction?

Hypothesis: After one year, it had less than one quarter of the software selection available compared to the IBM PC—including only one word processor, two databases, and one spreadsheet—although Apple had sold 280,000 Macintoshes compared to IBM's first year sales of fewer than 100,000 PCs.


Premise: When was Spielberg named the 'most influential celebrity in America'?

Hypothesis: Gerry Philpott, president of E-Poll Market Research, supported Spielberg's score by stating, "If anyone doubts that Steven Spielberg has greatly influenced the public, think about how many will think for a second before going into the water this summer."


Premise: What is the basic, primitive part of the immune system known as?

Hypothesis: The immune system has been divided into a more primitive innate immune system and, in vertebrates, an acquired or adaptive immune system.


Premise: What is concentrated in the small area called an island?

Hypothesis: Very few carriers have been designed or built without an island.