Premise: In September how many railway hits were there in Great Britain?

Hypothesis: In September, there had been no less than 667 hits on railways in Great Britain, and at one period, between 5,000 and 6,000 wagons were standing idle from the effect of delayed action bombs.


Premise: What is the name of the Spinifex people?

Hypothesis: There are nevertheless a number of contemporary hunter-gatherer peoples who, after contact with other societies, continue their ways of life with very little external influence.


Premise: What day did the torch arrive in San Francisco?

Hypothesis: The planned closing ceremony at Justin Herman Plaza was cancelled and instead, a ceremony was held at San Francisco International Airport, where the torch was to leave for Buenos Aires.


Premise: Who killed Brazelton?

Hypothesis: After killing Stilwell, Wyatt deputized others and rode on a vendetta, killing three more cowboys over the next few days before leaving the state.


Premise: In what year did the Easy Listening and Hot 100 charts begin to diverge?

Hypothesis: As rock music continued to harden, there was much less crossover between the Hot 100 and Easy Listening chart than there had been in the early half of the 1960s.


Premise: Which company worked with Apple in creating the user interface for the iPod?

Hypothesis: Apple did not develop the iPod software entirely in-house, instead using PortalPlayer's reference platform based on two ARM cores.


Premise: How much of JPMorgan's investment will go to blight removal?

Hypothesis: Of the $100 million, $50 million will go toward development projects, $25 million will go toward city blight removal, $12.5 million will go for job training, $7 million will go for small businesses in the city, and $5.5 million will go toward the M-1 light rail project.


Premise: What name have Liverpool residents given to The Sun?

Hypothesis: Liverpudlians refer to the paper as 'The Scum' with campaigners believing it handicapped their fight for justice.


Premise: Where did Washington University rank among private universities for National Merit Scholar freshman in 2006?

Hypothesis: In 2008, Washington University was ranked #1 for quality of life according to The Princeton Review, among other top rankings.


Premise: What type of Village was located on the Long Wharf?

Hypothesis: A Japanese fishing village was located near the Long Wharf while small numbers of Chinese lived or worked in both Santa Monica and Venice.


Premise: In the Non-Aligned Movement, which Indonesian leader did Tito work with?

Hypothesis: He gained further international attention as the chief leader of the Non-Aligned Movement, working with Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt and Sukarno of Indonesia.


Premise: Where was the Medieval Fair of Norman held for its first 2 years?

Hypothesis: Norman is also host to the Medieval Fair of Norman, which has been held annually since 1976 and was Oklahoma's first medieval fair.


Premise: What did Diamond find about the women?

Hypothesis: but I'm one of those people who, if the right circumstance came along, would change my viewpoint".


Premise: Public figure's impressions of the novel were formed into a book called what?

Hypothesis: Mary McDonagh Murphy interviewed celebrities including Oprah Winfrey, Rosanne Cash, Tom Brokaw, and Harper's sister Alice Lee, who read the novel and compiled their impressions of it as children and adults into a book titled Scout, Atticus, and Boo.


Premise: Which two-time Super Bowl winner graduated from BYU?

Hypothesis: A number of BYU alumni have found success in professional sports, representing the University in 7 MLB World Series, 5 NBA Finals, and 25 NFL Super Bowls.


Premise: For use with more than one channel changes are made to increase what property?

Hypothesis: It is possible to use the impedance matching concepts to construct vertical antennas substantially shorter than the 1⁄4 wavelength at which the antenna is resonant.


Premise: What does the broad operational definition of gene categorize genes by?

Hypothesis: This definition categorizes genes by their functional products (proteins or RNA) rather than their specific DNA loci, with regulatory elements classified as gene-associated regions.


Premise: What's the common name of polytetrafluoroethylene?

Hypothesis: There are quite a few different dielectrics that can be chosen to provide different insulating values depending on the requirements of the circuit.


Premise: In what village is East Houston Street located?

Hypothesis: Although the numbered streets begin just north of East Houston Street in the East Village, they generally do not extend west into Greenwich Village, which already had streets when the grid plan was laid out by the Commissioners' Plan of 1811.


Premise: How long did Avicenna study philosophy?

Hypothesis: As a teenager, he was greatly troubled by the Metaphysics of Aristotle, which he could not understand until he read al-Farabi's commentary on the work.


Premise: What is the name of the campus radio station?

Hypothesis: While students used to broadcast on AM & FM frequencies, they now have an Internet-only stream.


Premise: In what year was Queen's first album released?

Hypothesis: The album was received well by critics; Gordon Fletcher of Rolling Stone said "their debut album is superb", and Chicago's Daily Herald called it an "above average debut".


Premise: What year was Mercado del Puerto inaugurated?

Hypothesis: In the same year, the Mercado del Puerto was inaugurated.


Premise: What mode do both JFET and IGFET operate in?

Hypothesis: Unlike IGFETs, the JFET gate forms a p–n diode with the channel which lies between the source and drain.


Premise: What is the name of the first wave of neoclassicism in France?

Hypothesis: The first phase of neoclassicism in France is expressed in the "Louis XVI style" of architects like Ange-Jacques Gabriel (Petit Trianon, 1762–68); the second phase, in the styles called Directoire and "Empire", might be characterized by Jean Chalgrin's severe astylar Arc de Triomphe (designed in 1806).


Premise: What is the type of freeway system that serves Houston?

Hypothesis: A proposed highway project, State Highway 99 (Grand Parkway), will form a third loop outside of Houston, totaling 180 miles in length and making an almost-complete circumference, with the exception of crossing the ship channel.


Premise: All taxis in Delhi were ordered to switch to what type of fuel by March 1, 2016?

Hypothesis: The court also ordered all taxis in the Delhi region to switch to compressed natural gas by March 1, 2016.


Premise: What animals cause the reddish-brown streaks of color in hickory wood?

Hypothesis: The black check in western hemlock is the result of insect attacks.


Premise: During which month is the complex particularly active?

Hypothesis: Artspace on Orange Street is one of several contemporary art galleries around the city, showcasing the work of local, national, and international artists.


Premise: Who were the designers of the Virginia State Capitol?

Hypothesis: The Virginia State Capitol was designed by Thomas Jefferson and Charles-Louis Clérisseau in 1785.


Premise: How long do the routines last?

Hypothesis: From 2009, all senior trios and mixed pairs were required to be on the larger floor (10x10m), all groups also perform on this floor.


Premise: What notable historical figure was involved in the Motion Picture Trust?

Hypothesis: For Laemmle and other such entrepreneurs, the creation in 1908 of the Edison-backed Motion Picture Trust meant that exhibitors were expected to pay fees for Trust-produced films they showed.


Premise: What type of music was used in traditional mass?

Hypothesis: The Mass of Paul VI was also in Latin but approval was given for the use of vernacular languages.


Premise: What country produced 5.5% of the world's concentrated uranium oxide in 2005?

Hypothesis: In 2005, seventeen countries produced concentrated uranium oxides, with Canada (27.9% of world production) and Australia (22.8%) being the largest producers and Kazakhstan (10.5%), Russia (8.0%), Namibia (7.5%), Niger (7.4%), Uzbekistan (5.5%), the United States (2.5%), Argentina (2.1%), Ukraine (1.9%) and China (1.7%) also producing significant amounts.


Premise: What method of transportation is used to get to Oberhauser's base?

Hypothesis: They travel by train to the nearest station, but are once again confronted by Hinx; they engage in a fight throughout the train in which Mr Hinx is eventually thrown off the train by Bond with Swann's assistance.


Premise: What tool did Hoover use to find bootleggers?

Hypothesis: Hoover began using wiretapping in the 1920s during Prohibition to arrest bootleggers.


Premise: In what year did The Times resume printing news on the front page instead of small advertisements?

Hypothesis: On 3 May 1966 it resumed printing news on the front page - previously the front page featured small advertisements, usually of interest to the moneyed classes in British society.


Premise: Where do students in the Washington University School of Law place among test takers on average?

Hypothesis: In the 2015 US News & World Report America's Best Graduate Schools, the law school is ranked 18th nationally, out of over 180 law schools.


Premise: What group did the crusaders who attacked Valencia belong to?

Hypothesis: James I granted the city new charters of law, the Furs of Valencia, which later were extended to the whole kingdom of Valencia.


Premise: What policy made the Mughals a successful dynasty?

Hypothesis: The Mughals were perhaps the richest single dynasty to have ever existed.


Premise: What is the growth forecast for Cambodia in 2009?

Hypothesis: According to the research by the Overseas Development Institute, reductions in growth can be attributed to falls in trade, commodity prices, investment and remittances sent from migrant workers (which reached a record $251 billion in 2007, but have fallen in many countries since).


Premise: What is the name of the trumpet like musical instrument made of wood has become the epitome of traditional Swiss music?

Hypothesis: Alpine symbolism has played an essential role in shaping the history of the country and the Swiss national identity.


Premise: Which 1907 piece did Picasso present in the show that introduced Cubism to the USA?

Hypothesis: Cubism and modern European art was introduced into the United States at the now legendary 1913 Armory Show in New York City, which then traveled to Chicago and Boston.


Premise: When did the Council of Trent agree to the corrected calendar?

Hypothesis: Some of these experts, including Giambattista Benedetti and Giuseppe Moleto, believed Easter should be computed from the true motions of the sun and moon, rather than using a tabular method, but these recommendations were not adopted.


Premise: What happened that allowed the United States to have Guam?

Hypothesis: The United States took control of the island in the 1898 Spanish–American War, as part of the Treaty of Paris.


Premise: How many feet above sea level is Todt Hil?

Hypothesis: The summit of the ridge is mostly covered in woodlands as part of the Staten Island Greenbelt.


Premise: What social class of adolescents is most often studied?

Hypothesis: It has been recently found that demographic patterns suggest that the transition to adulthood is now occurring over a longer span of years than was the case during the middle of the 20th century.


Premise: What is the nickname of Plymouth Argyle F.C.?

Hypothesis: Plymouth is home to Plymouth Argyle F.C., who play in the fourth tier of English football league known as Football League Two.


Premise: The Romanesque style continued to affect and inspire  the basic architectural forms throughout which period?

Hypothesis: By the 12th century, Romanesque architecture (termed Norman architecture in England because of its association with the Norman invasion), was established throughout Europe and provided the basic architectural forms and units that were to remain in evolution throughout the Medieval period.


Premise: What is Catalan being supplanted by in Alicante?

Hypothesis: There are also well ingrained diglossic attitudes against Catalan in the Valencian Community, Ibiza, and to a lesser extent, in the rest of the Balearic islands.


Premise: Which two countries were the primary fighters for territory in the Korean War?

Hypothesis: The principal combatants were North and South Korea.


Premise: What Spartan mercenary helped reform Carthage's military?

Hypothesis: The core of Carthage's military was the Greek-style phalanx formed by citizen hoplite spearmen who had been conscripted into service, though their armies also included large numbers of mercenaries.


Premise: How are stage lifts powered?

Hypothesis: Stage lifts and orchestra lifts are specialized elevators, typically powered by hydraulics, that are used to raise and lower entire sections of a theater stage.


Premise: Who was the latest pope to hold the title of 'Man of the Year?'

Hypothesis: Cousins, meanwhile, travelled to New York City and ensured that John would become Time magazine's 'Man of the Year'.


Premise: Peter Fraser and Edward Sterling, two noted The Times journalists, gained what nickname for themselves?

Hypothesis: Under the editorship of Barnes and his successor in 1841, John Thadeus Delane, the influence of The Times rose to great heights, especially in politics and amongst the City of London.


Premise: Who did The Sun support in the 1984 U.S. presidential election?

Hypothesis: A year later, in 1984, The Sun made clear its enthusiastic support for the re-election of Ronald Reagan as president in the USA.


Premise: In what year did the Battle of Auerstadt take place?

Hypothesis: In terms of impact on events, it was more than Napoleon's personality that took effect.


Premise: What diseases were minimized by Gaddafi's health care policies?

Hypothesis: Supporters have also applauded achievements in medical care, praising the universal free healthcare provided under the Gaddafist administration, with diseases like cholera and typhoid being contained and life expectancy raised.


Premise: Who was the successor to Dominic?

Hypothesis: The Rule of St. Augustine was an obvious choice for the Dominican Order, according to Dominic's successor, Jordan of Saxony, because it lent itself to the "salvation of souls through preaching".


Premise: How did the FCC rule on net neutrality?

Hypothesis: The FCC Chairman, Tom Wheeler, commented, "This is no more a plan to regulate the Internet than the First Amendment is a plan to regulate free speech.


Premise: Where did the victory for Napoleon that secured his political power and increased his popularity in France occur?

Hypothesis: Napoleon's triumph at Marengo secured his political authority and boosted his popularity back home, but it did not lead to an immediate peace.


Premise: When was Russia made an official state name of the Russian Federation?

Hypothesis: On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day.


Premise: What Women's National Basketball Association team is based in New York?

Hypothesis: The city's National Basketball Association teams are the Brooklyn Nets and the New York Knicks, while the New York Liberty is the city's Women's National Basketball Association.


Premise: What gas did Oklahoma decide to use for executions in 2015?

Hypothesis: In 2015, the state approved nitrogen asphyxiation as a method of execution.


Premise: What re-emerged during the Katarista movement in the 1970s?

Hypothesis: That march successfully pressured the national government to sign the ILO Convention 169 and to begin the still-ongoing process of recognizing and titling indigenous territories.


Premise: What are the 2 narrow gauge railways in the Railway Himachal?

Hypothesis: Railway Himachal is famous for its narrow gauge tracks railways, one is UNESCO World Heritage Kalka-Shimla Railway and another one is Pathankot–Jogindernagar.


Premise: According to Shabbir Akhtar, what role does Islam believe Jesus to hold?

Hypothesis: Do not go beyond the bounds in your religion, and do not say anything of Allah but the truth.


Premise: Where does Florida's GDP rank

Hypothesis: Chief Executive Magazine name Florida the third "Best State for Business" in 2011.


Premise: What fort is located on the Rockaway Peninsula?

Hypothesis: In Staten Island, the park includes Fort Wadsworth, with historic pre-Civil War era Battery Weed and Fort Tompkins, and Great Kills Park, with beaches, trails, and a marina.


Premise: What did the Chinese Communists want?

Hypothesis: With the end of the war with Japan, the Chinese Civil War resumed between the Chinese Communists and the Chinese Nationalists.


Premise: To prevent high water pressures at lower elevations what were built on many of the city's buildings?

Hypothesis: A distinctive feature of many of the city's buildings is the wooden roof-mounted water towers.


Premise: When did Konrad Zuse create the Z3 computer?

Hypothesis: In 1941, Zuse followed his earlier machine up with the Z3, the world's first working electromechanical programmable, fully automatic digital computer.


Premise: In which year did the Warsaw Pact cease to function effectively?

Hypothesis: While the Warsaw Pact was established as a balance of power or counterweight to NATO, there was no direct confrontation between them.


Premise: Who remarked on Gaddafi's family orientation?

Hypothesis: His father said that he was courageous, intelligent, pious, and family oriented.


Premise: Because of sovereignty when may a state withdrawal from a treaty?

Hypothesis: The question of whether this is permitted is really a question of how other states will react to the withdrawal; for instance, another state might impose sanctions or go to war over a treaty violation.


Premise: What tems do House of Representatives serve?

Hypothesis: The House of Representatives, whose members are elected to serve five-year terms, specialises in legislation.


Premise: How far did Jessica Sanchez make it on American Idol?

Hypothesis: Sanchez later made the final two, the first season where a recipient of the save reached the finale.


Premise: What did Burke publish on Aug 3, 1791?

Hypothesis: Burke knew that many members of the Whig Party did not share Fox's views and he wanted to provoke them into condemning the French Revolution.


Premise: The preamble of what states that treaties are a source of international law?

Hypothesis: According to the preamble in The Law of Treaties, treaties are a source of international law.


Premise: When was Antarctica still joined to Australia?

Hypothesis: By the end of the Cretaceous, about 66 Ma, Antarctica (then connected to Australia) still had a subtropical climate and flora, complete with a marsupial fauna.


Premise: Middle Devonian limestone exists between Plymstock and what location?

Hypothesis: There is evidence that the middle Devonian limestone belt at the south edge of Plymouth and in Plymstock was quarried at West Hoe, Cattedown and Radford.


Premise: Around what time period was there an attempt made to standardize recordings?

Hypothesis: Evidence from the early technical literature concerning electrical recording suggests that it wasn't until the 1942–1949 period that there were serious efforts to standardize recording characteristics within an industry.


Premise: Who sued Schwarzenegger and two of his employees for libel, settling in 2006?

Hypothesis: British television personality Anna Richardson settled a libel lawsuit in August 2006 against Schwarzenegger, his top aide, Sean Walsh, and his publicist, Sheryl Main.


Premise: Where were the missionaries killed?

Hypothesis: On November 1, 1897, two German Roman Catholic missionaries were murdered in the southern part of Shandong Province (the Juye Incident).


Premise: Where is Galicia's warmest coastal station?

Hypothesis: The warmest coastal station of Pontevedra has a yearly mean temperature of 14.8 °C (58.6 °F).


Premise: Where did Bronck emigrate from?

Hypothesis: Jonas Bronck (c. 1600–43) was a Swedish born emigrant from Komstad, Norra Ljunga parish in Småland, Sweden who arrived in New Netherland during the spring of 1639.


Premise: What is Paris' largest cemetary?

Hypothesis: When inner-city burials were condemned from 1786, the contents of all Paris' parish cemeteries were transferred to a renovated section of Paris' stone mines outside the "Porte d'Enfer" city gate, today place Denfert-Rochereau in the 14th arrondissement.


Premise: When was Johan Cruyff crowned footballer of the year for the third time?

Hypothesis: Cruyff received this prestigious award a third time (the first player to do so) in 1974, while he was still with Barcelona.


Premise: How big is the Matthaei botanical garden?

Hypothesis: Located across the Huron River just beyond the university's North Campus is the university's Matthaei Botanical Gardens, which contains 300 acres of gardens and a large tropical conservatory.


Premise: Where is the Institute of Experimental Therapy located?

Hypothesis: In 1911 arsphenamine, the first synthetic anti-infective drug, was developed by Paul Ehrlich and chemist Alfred Bertheim of the Institute of Experimental Therapy in Berlin.


Premise: What is the typical size of a ceramic mosaic tile?

Hypothesis: These digital images are coarse in resolution and often simply express text, such as the depth of the pool in various places, but some such digital images are used to show a sunset or other beach theme.


Premise: What are alloys called when the insoluble elements don't separate until after crystallization occurs?

Hypothesis: These alloys are called intermetallic alloys because, if cooled very quickly, they first crystallize as a homogeneous phase, but they are supersaturated with the secondary constituents.


Premise: What is a symptom of both zinc deficiency and excess?

Hypothesis: Mild zinc deficiency depresses immunity, although excessive zinc does also.


Premise: When do we rely on agricultural diversity to replant the land with something new?

Hypothesis: We may forgo wheat production in that area and plant a different species altogether, relying on interspecific diversity.


Premise: What military force was brought in to calm the situation?

Hypothesis: The U.S. Eisenhower administration condemned the tripartite invasion, and supported UN resolutions demanding withdrawal and a United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) to be stationed in Sinai.


Premise: As of October 2011, how many subscribers does The Times' digital product currently have?

Hypothesis: In April 2009, the timesonline site had a readership of 750,000 readers per day.


Premise: What loss started a decline of the Seleucids Empire?

Hypothesis: The decisive engagement was fought at the Battle of Magnesia, resulting in a complete Roman victory.


Premise: What was the occupation of the African-American man killed by Quigg?

Hypothesis: Quigg, for example, "personally and publicly beat a colored bellboy to death for speaking directly to a white woman."


Premise: What year did the Kingdom of Prussia become the leading state of the German Empire?

Hypothesis: Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, war-torn East Prussia was divided at Joseph Stalin's insistence between the Soviet Union (the Kaliningrad Oblast in the Russian SFSR and the constituent counties of the Klaipėda Region in the Lithuanian SSR) and the People's Republic of Poland (the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship).


Premise: What was kermes lake made from?

Hypothesis: With the arrival of cochineal, they had a third, carmine, which made a very fine crimson, though it had a tendency to change color if not used carefully.


Premise: What is lacking in Protestant priesthood, according to the Roman Catholic Church?

Hypothesis: According to Bishop Hilarion (Alfeyev) the Eastern Orthodox Church shares the same view on the subject.


Premise: What was Tucson's population in 1900?

Hypothesis: By 1900, 7,531 people lived in the city.


Premise: Who was Alexander's sister?

Hypothesis: Antigonus fled for Greece, and then, together with Antipater and Craterus (the satrap of Cilicia who had been in Greece fighting the Lamian war) invaded Anatolia.


Premise: What facilitated the success of Operation Roundup?

Hypothesis: The PVA had outrun its logistics capability and thus were unable to press on beyond Seoul as food, ammunition, and matériel were carried nightly, on foot and bicycle, from the border at the Yalu River to the three battle lines.


Premise: How long did cultures coexist in lower Egypt?

Hypothesis: During the Neolithic era, several predynastic cultures developed independently in Upper and Lower Egypt.


Premise: What year did Vieira first assume power?

Hypothesis: Vieira returned to power in 2005 six years after being ousted from office during a civil war.


Premise: What did Egyptian artists grind to use to paint on the walls of tombs or on papyrus?

Hypothesis: In Ancient Egypt green was the symbol of regeneration and rebirth, and of the crops made possible by the annual flooding of the Nile.


Premise: Who was the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company?

Hypothesis: Clayton's analysis further showed that 39% of these loans (i.e. those not meeting any issuer's minimal underwriting standards) were subsequently securitized and sold to investors.


Premise: In 1925 the first meeting of this group occurred.

Hypothesis: In 1924 the Quarter Century Club, which recognizes employees with 25 years of service, was organized and the first issue of Business Machines, IBM's internal publication, was published.


Premise: What mall is located in midtown?

Hypothesis: The El Con Mall is also located in the eastern part of midtown.


Premise: What was the first mascot of Northwestern Athletics?

Hypothesis: The mascot of Northwestern Athletics is Willie the Wildcat.


Premise: According to who did Chopin demand strictly sticking with rhythm?

Hypothesis: He hated all lingering and dragging, misplaced rubatos, as well as exaggerated ritardandos ... and it is precisely in this respect that people make such terrible errors in playing his works."


Premise: Which frontier did the Tumed Mongols raid?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, the Tumed Mongols began moving into the Kokonor region (modern Qinghai), raiding the Ming Chinese frontier and even as far as the suburbs of Beijing under Altan Khan (1507–1582).


Premise: When was Niccolo Machiavelli's The Prince published?

Hypothesis: A minority (including Jean-Jacques Rousseau) interpreted The Prince as a satire meant to be given to the Medici after their recapture of Florence and their subsequent expulsion of Machiavelli from Florence.


Premise: Oliver Cromwell began buring national figures in the abbey starting with whom?

Hypothesis: The practice of burying national figures in the abbey began under Oliver Cromwell with the burial of Admiral Robert Blake in 1657.


Premise: Who were Frankie Knuckles and ron hardy?

Hypothesis: As most proto-house DJs were primarily stuck to playing their conventional ensemble of dance records, Frankie Knuckles and Ron Hardy, two influential pioneers of house music, were known for their out-of-bounds behavior.


Premise: What provision might a treaty include if it's meant to be only temporarily binding?

Hypothesis: Some treaties are intended by the parties to be only temporarily binding and are set to expire on a given date.


Premise: What recognition do Baha'i and Hmadi community get from Egyptian government?

Hypothesis: Individuals, particularly Baha'is and atheists, wishing to include their religion (or lack thereof) on their mandatory state issued identification cards are denied this ability (see Egyptian identification card controversy), and are put in the position of either not obtaining required identification or lying about their faith.


Premise: What leaves a pattern on the paper that has a consistent density width and lengthwise?

Hypothesis: Textured finishes, watermarks and wire patterns imitating hand-made laid paper can be created by the use of appropriate rollers in the later stages of the machine.


Premise: What is something more important to Thuringia than most areas of Germany?

Hypothesis: Agriculture and forestry have declined in importance over the decades.


Premise: Who plays female roles in Yueju?

Hypothesis: Yueju originated in Shengzhou and is traditionally performed by actresses only, in both male and female roles.


Premise: What is a feature many stereos contain to fight back against unwanted noises?

Hypothesis: For this reason, many stereo receivers contained a switchable subsonic filter.


Premise: Where was the Roman emperor's capital?

Hypothesis: The Ottoman Empire was created from the lands of the former eastern Roman Empire on the occasion of the latter's violent demise.


Premise: In what decade did New Zealand's tertiary education institutions begin consolidation?

Hypothesis: The Central Institute of Technology explored a merger with the Waikato Institute of Technology, which was abandoned, but later, after financial concerns, controversially amalgamated with Hutt Valley Polytechnic, which in turn became Wellington Institute of Technology.


Premise: In what year was the mumps vaccine made?

Hypothesis: The United States incidences of rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, measles, and mumps all fell by >95% in the immediate aftermath of widespread vaccination.


Premise: Where do The Rock play their home games at?

Hypothesis: The city hosted a Rugby World Cup qualifying match between Canada and the USA on 12 August 2006, where the Canadians heavily defeated the USA 56–7 to qualify for the 2007 Rugby World Cup finals in France.


Premise: How many U.S. mortgages were either delinquent or in foreclosure by September 2009?

Hypothesis: By August 2008, 9.2% of all U.S. mortgages outstanding were either delinquent or in foreclosure.


Premise: What is kaddu ki kheer?

Hypothesis: Hyderabadi biryani and Hyderabadi haleem, with their blend of Mughlai and Arab cuisines, have become iconic dishes of India.


Premise: What system of rules kept her isolated from other children?

Hypothesis: The system prevented the princess from meeting people whom her mother and Conroy deemed undesirable (including most of her father's family), and was designed to render her weak and dependent upon them.


Premise: Which ruler had the last, best chance of uniting Greece?

Hypothesis: Philip V, who came to power when Doson died in 221 BC, was the last Macedonian ruler with both the talent and the opportunity to unite Greece and preserve its independence against the "cloud rising in the west": the ever-increasing power of Rome.


Premise: When did war with France break out?

Hypothesis: When war with France broke out again in 1202, John achieved early victories, but shortages of military resources and his treatment of Norman, Breton and Anjou nobles resulted in the collapse of his empire in northern France in 1204.


Premise: How many natioanl female outdoor track and field championships have been won by the University of Kansas?

Hypothesis: Their most recent championship came on June 8, 2013 when the KU women's track and field team won the NCAA outdoor in Eugene, Oregon becoming the first University of Kansas women's team to win a national title.


Premise: Whose genome map greatly aided the Human Genome Project?

Hypothesis: The Human Genome Project was organized to map and to sequence the human genome.


Premise: What was the time span of the Early Modern period?

Hypothesis: During the Early Modern period (approximately late 15th century to 1800), the universities of Europe would see a tremendous amount of growth, productivity and innovative research.


Premise: When did Yeltsin acquire a seat on the Supreme Soviet?

Hypothesis: On May 29, Yeltsin managed to secure a seat on the Supreme Soviet, and in the summer he formed the first opposition, the Inter-Regional Deputies Group, composed of Russian nationalists and liberals.


Premise: To whom did Presbyterians complain in 1572?

Hypothesis: According to Polly Ha, the Reformed Church Government refuted this claiming that the bishops had been enforcing canon law for 1500 years.


Premise: What dopes a typical grey-box tester sets up?

Hypothesis: Typically, a grey-box tester will be permitted to set up an isolated testing environment with activities such as seeding a database.


Premise: When did the other two major British stations start color programming?

Hypothesis: On 1 July 1967, BBC Two became the first television channel in Europe to broadcast regularly in colour, using the West German PAL system that is still in use today although being gradually superseded by digital systems.


Premise: How long did Nasser attend law school?

Hypothesis: Disappointed, he enrolled in the law school at King Fuad University, but quit after one semester to reapply to the Military Academy.


Premise: Of what were the early cities of the Mature Indus civilization built?

Hypothesis: The civilisation is noted for its cities built of brick, roadside drainage system, and multistoreyed houses and is thought to have had some kind of municipal organization.


Premise: What does the acronym WGWG stand for?

Hypothesis: The Untold Story, said, "You have this alliance between young girls and grandmas and they see it, not necessarily as a contest to create a pop star competing on the contemporary radio, but as .... who's the nicest guy in a popularity contest," he says, "And that has led to this dynasty of four, and possibly now five, consecutive, affable, very nice, good-looking white boys."


Premise: What was Johnny Torrio's nickname?

Hypothesis: "the Fox" Torrio, with heads of the Bugs and Meyer Mob, Meyer Lansky and Benjamin Siegel, being used as muscle for the meeting.


Premise: What century did Songhai become independent from Mali?

Hypothesis: The Songhai Empire's eventual collapse was largely the result of a Moroccan invasion in 1591, under the command of Judar Pasha.


Premise: Approximately how long did it take to build New Delhi?

Hypothesis: It took about 20 years to build the city from 1911.


Premise: What did the architects of the calendar notice about the astronomical tables?

Hypothesis: Christopher Clavius, the architect of the Gregorian calendar, noted that the tables agreed neither on the time when the sun passed through the vernal equinox nor on the length of the mean tropical year.


Premise: What location was the focus of the Austrian leg of Spectre's production?

Hypothesis: Production was temporarily halted first by an injury to Craig, who sprained his knee whilst shooting a fight scene, and later by an accident involving a filming vehicle that saw three crew members injured, at least one of them seriously.


Premise: In what arrondissement is the Sorbonne library in Paris located?

Hypothesis: There are several academic libraries and archives in Paris.


Premise: Which historian claims that even the Arabs acknowledged the importance of the Gurjara Pratihara Empire in stopping invasions?

Hypothesis: Now there seems little doubt that it was the power of the Gurjara Pratihara army that effectively barred the progress of the Arabs beyond the confines of Sindh, their first conquest for nearly 300 years.


Premise: What are Maxwell's equations about?

Hypothesis: These studies led to the unification of the two phenomena into a single theory of electromagnetism, by James Clerk Maxwell (known as Maxwell's equations).


Premise: What is the term for the center hole in a CD?

Hypothesis: The time it takes to "stamp" one CD is usually two to three seconds.


Premise: what year was house music first used as a genre?

Hypothesis: By 1985, although the exact origins of the term are debated, "house music" encompassed these locally produced recordings.


Premise: Which Lagos king had supported the slave trade?

Hypothesis: Britain intervened in the Lagos Kingship power struggle by bombarding Lagos in 1851, deposing the slave trade friendly Oba Kosoko, helping to install the amenable Oba Akitoye, and signing the Treaty between Great Britain and Lagos on 1 January 1852.


Premise: What could cause the failure of a capacitor?

Hypothesis: Capacitors used within high-energy capacitor banks can violently explode when a short in one capacitor causes sudden dumping of energy stored in the rest of the bank into the failing unit.


Premise: How many inhabitants did Portugal have by 2007?

Hypothesis: By 2007, Portugal had 10,617,575 inhabitants of whom about 332,137 were legal immigrants.


Premise: What year did Ireland and the UK give up on their permanent DST experiment?

Hypothesis: The United Kingdom and Ireland experimented with year-round DST from 1968 to 1971 but abandoned it because of its unpopularity, particularly in northern regions.


Premise: When did Sybaris offer patents?

Hypothesis: Jewish law includes several considerations whose effects are similar to those of modern intellectual property laws, though the notion of intellectual creations as property does not seem to exist – notably the principle of Hasagat Ge'vul (unfair encroachment) was used to justify limited-term publisher (but not author) copyright in the 16th century.


Premise: How many children does the protagonist, Atticus Finch, have?

Hypothesis: It focuses on six-year-old Jean Louise Finch (Scout), who lives with her older brother, Jem, and their widowed father, Atticus, a middle-aged lawyer.


Premise: Where are Sanskrit Vartman Patram and Vishwasya Vrittantam published?

Hypothesis: Sudharma, a daily newspaper in Sanskrit, has been published out of Mysore, India, since 1970, while Sanskrit Vartman Patram and Vishwasya Vrittantam started in Gujarat during the last five years.


Premise: What did the FDA order removed from stores in 2009?

Hypothesis: The FDA said the loss of smell can be life-threatening because people with impaired smell cannot detect leaking gas or smoke and cannot tell if food has spoiled before they eat it.


Premise: The Free Hanseatic City of Bremen includes which two cities?

Hypothesis: With an emphasis on geographical conditions, Berlin and Hamburg are frequently called Stadtstaaten (city-states), as is the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, which in fact includes the cities of Bremen and Bremerhaven.


Premise: When did the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine run its first program?

Hypothesis: It was built at the Victoria University of Manchester by Frederic C. Williams, Tom Kilburn and Geoff Tootill, and ran its first program on 21 June 1948.


Premise: How big was the population of the Aztec cit of Tenochtitlan?

Hypothesis: According to both indigenous American and European accounts and documents, American civilizations at the time of European encounter had achieved many accomplishments.


Premise: How many ranks were there in civil service in the Qing dynasty?

Hypothesis: The Qing divided the positions into civil and military positions, each having nine grades or ranks, each subdivided into a and b categories.


Premise: Where did florida rank in population growth

Hypothesis: The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Florida was 20,271,272 on July 1, 2015, a 7.82% increase since the 2010 United States Census.


Premise: What was the Libyan coup called at first?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi insisted that the Free Officers' coup represented a revolution, marking the start of widespread change in the socio-economic and political nature of Libya.


Premise: What British university did the Dominican Friars appear in?

Hypothesis: In the 13th century the order reached all classes of Christian society, fought heresy, schism, and paganism by word and book, and by its missions to the north of Europe, to Africa, and Asia passed beyond the frontiers of Christendom.


Premise: What company said it is planning to move marine operations to the University of Southampton?

Hypothesis: The area of Swaythling is home to Ford's Southampton Assembly Plant, where the majority of their Transit models are manufactured.


Premise: What kind of bural was at Adaoutse, Bouches-du-Rhône?

Hypothesis: Jars of kermes have been found in a Neolithic cave-burial at Adaoutse, Bouches-du-Rhône.


Premise: What song by Rod Stewart used the mandolin?

Hypothesis: Led Zeppelin's bassist John Paul Jones is an accomplished mandolin player and has recorded numerous songs on mandolin including Going to California and That's the Way; the mandolin part on The Battle of Evermore is played by Jimmy Page, who composed the song.


Premise: What model did the work of Muslim World astronomers contribute to?

Hypothesis: The astrolabe, though originally developed by the Greeks, was perfected by Islamic astronomers and engineers, and was subsequently brought to Europe.


Premise: When was To Kill a Mockingbird made into a movie?

Hypothesis: In 2006, British librarians ranked the book ahead of the Bible as one "every adult should read before they die".


Premise: What is Eritrichium nanum commonly known as?

Hypothesis: The Eritrichium nanum, commonly known as the King of the Alps, is the most elusive of the alpine flowers, growing on rocky ridges at 2,600 to 3,750 m (8,530 to 12,303 ft).


Premise: What type of machines normall have a firewall?

Hypothesis: Another implementation is a so-called physical firewall which consists of a separate machine filtering network traffic.


Premise: What was the date of the battle of Cowpens?

Hypothesis: This campaign is known as "The Race to the Dan" or "The Race for the River."


Premise: What is another city with an accumulation of secular Gothic structures?

Hypothesis: Other cities with a concentration of secular Gothic include Bruges and Siena.


Premise: The foremost part of the brain in mammals is known as what?

Hypothesis: Each species has an equally long evolutionary history, but the brains of modern hagfishes, lampreys, sharks, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals show a gradient of size and complexity that roughly follows the evolutionary sequence.


Premise: Which work narrowly escaped seizure and had to be saved by Malesherbes?

Hypothesis: They would smuggle their merchandise across the border, where it would then be transported to clandestine booksellers or small-time peddlers.


Premise: What can electrification of modern trains effect?

Hypothesis: The reasons may include electric trains being seen as more modern and attractive to ride, faster and smoother service, and the fact that electrification often goes hand in hand with a general infrastructure and rolling stock overhaul / replacement, which leads to better service quality (in a way that theoretically could also be achieved by doing similar upgrades yet without electrification).


Premise: Who led the unification of Germany in 1871?

Hypothesis: The Thuringian duchies which became part of the German Empire in 1871 during the Prussian-led unification of Germany were Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and the two principalities of Reuss Elder Line and Reuss Younger Line.


Premise: What has cut the rate of diarrhea disease incidents?

Hypothesis: In fact, it has been proposed that we might expect an 88% reduction in child mortality resulting from diarrheal disease as a result of improved water sanitation and hygiene.


Premise: As of 2000, how many people lived in Richmond per square kilometer?

Hypothesis: The population density was 3,292.6 people per square mile (1,271.3/km²).


Premise: On which side is a cirque opened?

Hypothesis: Two glacial cirques may form back to back and erode their backwalls until only a narrow ridge, called an arête is left.


Premise: What could you say is the average start for a monsoon?

Hypothesis: During the monsoon, the humidity is much higher than the rest of the year.


Premise: What is the oldest football club in Canada?

Hypothesis: The first written account of a game played was on October 15, 1862, on the Montreal Cricket Grounds.


Premise: What was implemented to provide transport to East Prussia?

Hypothesis: The Seedienst Ostpreußen was established to provide an independent transport service to East Prussia.


Premise: WHat were nobles named in german language?

Hypothesis: In Lithuania Propria and in Samogitia prior to the creation of the Kingdom of Lithuania by Mindaugas, nobles were named die beste leuten in sources that were written in German language.


Premise: Who developed the reference simulation software?

Hypothesis: A reference simulation software implementation, written in the C language and later known as ISO 11172-5, was developed (in 1991–1996) by the members of the ISO MPEG Audio committee in order to produce bit compliant MPEG Audio files (Layer 1, Layer 2, Layer 3).


Premise: How old are some of Charleston's private school?

Hypothesis: Bishop England, Porter-Gaud School, and Ashley Hall are the city's oldest and most prominent private schools, and are a significant part of Charleston history, dating back some 150 years.


Premise: What was the maximum length of the CAA60 format?

Hypothesis: By 1987, Pioneer had overcome the technical challenges and was able to once again encode in CAA60, allowing a total of 60 minutes 5 seconds.


Premise: What Sea borders Egypt to the east?

Hypothesis: It is bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.


Premise: What is the hispanic make-up of the population?

Hypothesis: In comparison, the 2010 Census Redistricting Data indicated that the racial makeup of the city was 661,839 (43.4%)


Premise: Where was there a drought?

Hypothesis: Cixi declared war on all of these nations, only to lose control of Beijing after a short, but hard-fought campaign.


Premise: Besides France, which other team is tied with England for number of appearances in the FIFA World Cup?

Hypothesis: The national team is one of eight national teams to have won at least one FIFA World Cup title.


Premise: What is the scientific term for beriberi?

Hypothesis: Adding various types of vegetables and meats to the diets of Japanese sailors prevented the disease, (not because of the increased protein as Takaki supposed but because it introduced a few parts per million of thiamine to the diet, later understood as a cure).


Premise: What was one of the items important to consumers that was addressed by the new regulatory proposals introduced in June 2009?

Hypothesis: In January 2010, Obama proposed additional regulations limiting the ability of banks to engage in proprietary trading.


Premise: Who was responsible for crafting a new look for all Apple products?

Hypothesis: Also during this time, the Macintosh began to shed the "Snow White" design language, along with the expensive consulting fees they were paying to Frogdesign.


Premise: Did the Irish Parliamentary Party ever adopt the Parnellite model?

Hypothesis: The Home Rule League Party, campaigning for Home Rule for Ireland in the British Parliament was fundamentally changed by the great Irish political leader Charles Stewart Parnell in the 1880s.


Premise: Which medium allowed for multiple audio tracks, Laserdisc or VHS?

Hypothesis: It could handle analog and digital audio where VHS was mostly analog only (VHS can have PCM audio in professional applications but is uncommon), and the NTSC discs could store multiple audio tracks.


Premise: What did Mildred Burke form?

Hypothesis: She then formed the World Women's Wrestling Association in the early 1950s and recognized herself as the first champion, although the championship would be vacated upon her retirement in 1956.


Premise: In what month and year was Roper v. Simmons decided?

Hypothesis: Sixteen was held to be the minimum permissible age in the 1988 Supreme Court decision of Thompson v. Oklahoma.


Premise: According to the constructivists, what is an example of a learned meta-emotion?

Hypothesis: The history of emotions has become an increasingly popular topic recently, with some scholars arguing that it is an essential category of analysis, not unlike class, race, or gender.


Premise: Where is Raleigh-Durham International Airport?

Hypothesis: The airport also offers facilities for cargo and general aviation.


Premise: What kind of stories were being censored in the media?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, censors discouraged stories of poorly built schools from being published in the media and there was an incident where police drove the protestors away.


Premise: Have the changes in Burmese law been of benefit to the country in international views ?

Hypothesis: The impact of the post-election reforms has been observed in numerous areas, including ASEAN's approval of Myanmar's bid for the position of ASEAN chair in 2014; the visit by United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in December 2011 for the encouragement of further progress—it was the first visit by a Secretary of State in more than fifty years (Clinton met with the Burmese president and former military commander Thein Sein, as well as opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi); and the participation of Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD) party in the 2012 by-elections, facilitated by the government's abolition of the laws that previously barred the NLD.


Premise: The Peace Pagoda built in New Delhi by the Nipponzan Myohoji was inaugurated by which prominent figure?

Hypothesis: It was inaugurated by the current Dalai Lama.


Premise: What often allow users to locate entries in several ways?

Hypothesis: Chinese character dictionaries often allow users to locate entries in several ways.


Premise: How large was the ice chunk that melted and refroze?

Hypothesis: According to NASA, the most widespread Antarctic surface melting of the past 30 years occurred in 2005, when an area of ice comparable in size to California briefly melted and refroze; this may have resulted from temperatures rising to as high as 5 °C (41 °F).


Premise: What sort of machine did Bell and Gray both try to patent at the same time?

Hypothesis: There is considerable debate about who arrived first and Gray later challenged the primacy of Bell's patent.


Premise: Where was the Medieval Fair of Norman held for its first 2 years?

Hypothesis: The Fair was held first on the south oval of the University of Oklahoma campus and in the third year moved to the Duck Pond in Norman until the Fair became too big and moved to Reaves Park in 2003.


Premise: Why did the committee decide on 7bit instead?

Hypothesis: The committee voted to use a seven-bit code to minimize costs associated with data transmission.


Premise: In what did the bagpipe fill an important role?

Hypothesis: Many instruments today associated with popular music filled important roles in early classical music, such as bagpipes, vihuelas, hurdy-gurdies, and some woodwind instruments.


Premise: What planet isn't a closed system but sometimes appears to be because of the approximate conservation of matter?

Hypothesis: However, matter is not conserved in such systems, although this is not obvious in ordinary conditions on Earth, where matter is approximately conserved.


Premise: How many contestants were chosen from the 10,000 that auditioned?

Hypothesis: In the audition rounds, 121 contestants were selected from around 10,000 who attended the auditions.


Premise: What league freed Corinth?

Hypothesis: The Achean league was able to drive out the Macedonians from the Peloponnese and free Corinth, which duly joined the league.


Premise: What areas benefit especially from videoconferencing?

Hypothesis: Rural areas can use this technology for diagnostic purposes, thus saving lives and making more efficient use of health care money.


Premise: What is the name of building project is taking place in Gateway Community College downtown?

Hypothesis: Major projects include the current construction of a new campus for Gateway Community College downtown, and also a 32-story, 500-unit apartment/retail building called 360 State Street.


Premise: What did 'samorapu' mean?

Hypothesis: The term samurai originally meant "those who serve in close attendance to nobility", and was written with a Chinese character (or kanji) that had the same meaning.


Premise: What was the world's first feature film?

Hypothesis: A notable film shot and set in Melbourne during Australia's cinematic lull is On the Beach (1959).


Premise: What happened to Mutaguchi's troops?

Hypothesis: Once Mutaguchi's hopes for an early victory were thwarted, his troops, particularly those at Kohima, starved.


Premise: What caused the decrease in commerce and production in the 14th century?

Hypothesis: While the older orthodoxy held that the artistic output of the Renaissance was a result of greater opulence, more recent studies have suggested that there might have been a so-called 'depression of the Renaissance'.


Premise: What was the Duke of York's relationship to his religion described as being?

Hypothesis: An oath had also been imposed on the militia during the French and Indian War requiring them to abjure the pretensions of the Pope, which may or may not have been applied during the Revolution.


Premise: Why type of conflict is sociocultural anthropology interested in?

Hypothesis: Sociocultural anthropology also covers economic and political organization, law and conflict resolution, patterns of consumption and exchange, material culture, technology, infrastructure, gender relations, ethnicity, childrearing and socialization, religion, myth, symbols, values, etiquette, worldview, sports, music, nutrition, recreation, games, food, festivals, and language (which is also the object of study in linguistic anthropology).


Premise: Have the policies been criticized

Hypothesis: The K-12 and higher education reform programs of the Gates Foundation have been criticized by some education professionals, parents, and researchers because they have driven the conversation on education reform to such an extent that they may marginalize researchers who do not support Gates' predetermined policy preferences.


Premise: What purpose does the CJIS serve?

Hypothesis: It provides a main repository for information in various data systems.


Premise: What had Prince Rastislav requested?

Hypothesis: Prince Rastislav of Moravia had requested the Emperor to provide teachers to interpret the holy scriptures, so in 863 the brothers Cyril and Methodius were sent as missionaries, due to their knowledge of the Slavonic language.


Premise: What nationality were the rock groups that influenced Queen?

Hypothesis: May referred to the Beatles as being "our bible in the way they used the studio and they painted pictures and this wonderful instinctive use of harmonies."


Premise: In which year did Martin Luther King Jr. give a speech in Detroit?

Hypothesis: Governor George W. Romney ordered the Michigan National Guard into Detroit, and President Johnson sent in U.S. Army troops.


Premise: Who is Aeneas' enemy throughout the Aeneid?

Hypothesis: Book 1 (at the head of the Odyssean section) opens with a storm which Juno, Aeneas' enemy throughout the poem, stirs up against the fleet.


Premise: PCR can't detect the presence of any bacteria when what doesn't occur?

Hypothesis: A significant proliferation of the infectious agent does not occur, this limits the ability of PCR to detect the presence of any bacteria.


Premise: France has become a more ethnically diverse country since the end of which war?

Hypothesis: Since the end of the Second World War, France has become an ethnically diverse country.


Premise: What is the sex of the listeners modern rock radio is geared towards?

Hypothesis: Unlike modern rock, which went after 18-34 men, this format appealed to women.


Premise: In what year were hops first known to be used in beer?

Hypothesis: The first historical mention of the use of hops in beer was from 822 AD in monastery rules written by Adalhard the Elder, also known as Adalard of Corbie, though the date normally given for widespread cultivation of hops for use in beer is the thirteenth century.


Premise: When did the al-Qarawiyin officially become a university?

Hypothesis: The other, al-Azhar, did acquire this status in name and essence only in the course of numerous reforms during the 19th and 20th century, notably the one of 1961 which introduced non-religious subjects to its curriculum, such as economics, engineering, medicine, and agriculture.


Premise: How many small states covered the Ganges Plain of India?

Hypothesis: In the later Vedic Age, a number of small kingdoms or city states had covered the subcontinent, many mentioned in Vedic, early Buddhist and Jaina literature as far back as 500 BCE.


Premise: Who was the author of the epic poem Aeneid?

Hypothesis: His Aeneid tells the story of flight of Aeneas from Troy and his settlement of the city that would become Rome.[citation needed]


Premise: The area west of London's city is characterized by what type of building?

Hypothesis: Few structures in central London pre-date the Great Fire of 1666, these being a few trace Roman remains, the Tower of London and a few scattered Tudor survivors in the City.


Premise: What type of media was included with purchase of the U2 version of the iPod?

Hypothesis: The special edition entitled purchasers to an exclusive video with 33 minutes of interviews and performance by U2, downloadable from the iTunes Store.


Premise: What was the first battle of the Mexican Independence war called?

Hypothesis: The Battle of Guanajuato, the first major engagement of the insurgency, occurred four days later.


Premise: What year did this ruling happen?

Hypothesis: Chinese people who arrived in the country after the end of apartheid do not qualify for such benefits.


Premise: Who designed the new location of  the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum?

Hypothesis: The Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum, established in 1881, is one of the oldest teaching museums in the country.


Premise: What treaty marked the end of the First Opium War?

Hypothesis: The Treaty of Nanjing, the first of the unequal treaties, demanded war reparations, forced China to open up the five ports of Canton, Amoy, Fuchow, Ningpo and Shanghai to western trade and missionaries, and to cede Hong Kong Island to Britain.


Premise: Of what are deviations in the epics thought to be the influence?

Hypothesis: In some contexts, there are also more "prakritisms" (borrowings from common speech) than in Classical Sanskrit proper.


Premise: Where was Jesus Crucified?

Hypothesis: The Roman soldiers did not break Jesus' legs, as they did to the other two men crucified (breaking the legs hastened the crucifixion process), as Jesus was dead already.


Premise: What per capita index does Guinea-Bissau rank as one of the lowest in the world?

Hypothesis: Guinea-Bissau's GDP per capita is one of the lowest in the world, and its Human Development Index is one of the lowest on earth.


Premise: What broad range of backgrounds do today's hunters come from?

Hypothesis: Today's hunters come from a broad range of economic, social, and cultural backgrounds.


Premise: What does Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow pose as a better question that "Is there a God"?

Hypothesis: Stephen Hawking and co-author Leonard Mlodinow state in their book, The Grand Design, that it is reasonable to ask who or what created the universe, but if the answer is God, then the question has merely been deflected to that of who created God.


Premise: How many basic precepts are there for monastics?

Hypothesis: Novice-monks use the ten precepts, which are the basic precepts for monastics.


Premise: Who was the first emperor of the Ming dynasty?

Hypothesis: It is among the longest surviving city walls in China.


Premise: Why can't federal courts just make up law?

Hypothesis: Federal courts lack the plenary power possessed by state courts to simply make up law, which the latter are able to do in the absence of constitutional or statutory provisions replacing the common law.


Premise: How hot do newspapers say it has gotten in Punjab?

Hypothesis: The hardest part of the summer is then over, but cooler weather does not come until late October.


Premise: Who created Graphite?

Hypothesis: Many scripts, including Arabic and Devanagari, have special orthographic rules that require certain combinations of letterforms to be combined into special ligature forms.


Premise: What is Musee national des arts asiatiques famous for housing?

Hypothesis: The Guimet Museum, or Musée national des arts asiatiques, has one of the largest collections of Asian art in Europe.


Premise: In 1860, what percent of the North Carolina population were slaves?

Hypothesis: Free African Americans were allowed to vote until 1835, when the state revoked their suffrage in restrictions following the slave rebellion of 1831 led by Nat Turner.


Premise: After the battle of Sinop, what steamship approached the Port of Sevastopol to show support for Turkey?

Hypothesis: The clash came on 30 November 1853 when a Russian fleet attacked an Ottoman force in the harbour at Sinop, and destroyed it at the Battle of Sinop.


Premise: How many movies were directly connected to the anime series?

Hypothesis: There have been nine Digimon movies released in Japan.


Premise: Who created a motor similar to Pacinotti?

Hypothesis: In 1873, Gramme showed that his dynamo could be used as a motor, which he demonstrated to great effect at exhibitions in Vienna and Philadelphia by connecting two such DC motors at a distance of up to 2 km away from each other, one as a generator.


Premise: Greece's secondary education has how many school types?

Hypothesis: As they can accept both Gymnasio (lower secondary school) and Lykeio (upper secondary school) graduates, these institutes are not classified as offering a particular level of education.


Premise: John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of which style?

Hypothesis: In the mainstream of Georgian style were both Palladian architecture— and its whimsical alternatives, Gothic and Chinoiserie, which were the English-speaking world's equivalent of European Rococo.


Premise: In 1925, what rule did Estonia create that was unique in Europe?

Hypothesis: Before the Soviet occupation, the Germans and Jewish minorities managed to elect a cultural council.


Premise: Who was in charge of counties that had fewer than 10,000 people in them?

Hypothesis: He was the top civil and military leader of the commandery and handled defense, lawsuits, seasonal instructions to farmers and recommendations of nominees for office sent annually to the capital in a quota system first established by Emperor Wu.


Premise: Name one author who is less frequently the subject of a variorum.

Hypothesis: The collation of all known variants of a text is referred to as a variorum, namely a work of textual criticism whereby all variations and emendations are set side by side so that a reader can track how textual decisions have been made in the preparation of a text for publication.


Premise: Which admiral who hadn't joined the rebellion was also a victim?

Hypothesis: Victims included the civil governors of all four Galician provinces; Juana Capdevielle, the wife of the governor of A Coruña; mayors such as Ánxel Casal of Santiago de Compostela, of the Partido Galeguista; prominent socialists such as Jaime Quintanilla in Ferrol and Emilio Martínez Garrido in Vigo; Popular Front deputies Antonio Bilbatúa, José Miñones, Díaz Villamil, Ignacio Seoane, and former deputy Heraclio Botana); soldiers who had not joined the rebellion, such as Generals Rogelio Caridad Pita and Enrique Salcedo Molinuevo and Admiral Antonio Azarola; and the founders of the PG, Alexandre Bóveda and Víctor Casas, as well as other professionals akin to republicans and nationalists, as the journalist Manuel Lustres Rivas or physician Luis Poza Pastrana.


Premise: What is the name of the book Friedman released in 1980?

Hypothesis: This can be explained by the fact that Friedman taught Hayek's famous paper "The Use of Knowledge in Society" (1945) in his graduate seminars.


Premise: Who wants the border between Turkey and Armenia opened?

Hypothesis: During the Nagorno-Karabakh War and citing it as the reason, Turkey illegally closed its land border with Armenia in 1993.


Premise: Between which years did most of the MP3 patents in the US expire?

Hypothesis: The basic MP3 decoding and encoding technology is patent-free in the European Union, all patents having expired there.


Premise: What is the analysis of linguistic forms and processes linked to?

Hypothesis: It is the branch of anthropology that brings linguistic methods to bear on anthropological problems, linking the analysis of linguistic forms and processes to the interpretation of sociocultural processes.


Premise: Who owns the trademark to I ❤ NY?

Hypothesis: The trademarked logo, owned by New York State Empire State Development, appears in souvenir shops and brochures throughout the city and state, some licensed, many not.


Premise: What do some believe accounts for the small amount of Archean rocks?

Hypothesis: Some scientists think because the Earth was hotter, that plate tectonic activity was more vigorous than it is today, resulting in a much greater rate of recycling of crustal material.


Premise: What had happened to Frederick's financial help from Britain?

Hypothesis: Austria, however, like most participants, was facing a severe financial crisis and had to decrease the size of its army, something which greatly affected its offensive power.


Premise: The ECHR noted that among certain academics, what act carried out by the Serbs agains Bosnian Muslims and Croats did not constitute genocide?

Hypothesis: However, there are also a considerable number of scholars who have suggested that these acts did amount to genocide, and the ICTY has found in the Momcilo Krajisnik case that the actus reu, of genocide was met in Prijedor "


Premise: What percentage read it?

Hypothesis: According to a 2001 census, 99.16 percent of the populace of Galicia understand the language, 91.04 percent speak it, 68.65 percent read it and 57.64 percent write it.


Premise: Who is also called Kanti?

Hypothesis: Kanti" is one of the names of the Goddess Lakshmi, and "pur" means place.


Premise: How much of the population returned in four months?

Hypothesis: Within four months, 88% of evacuated mothers, 86% of small children, and 43% of school children had been returned home.


Premise: Where else is H2 applied?

Hypothesis: Because H_2 is lighter than air, having a little more than 1⁄14 of the density of air, it was once widely used as a lifting gas in balloons and airships.


Premise: Both companies no longer use what means of collecting of data?

Hypothesis: Global Integrity and the International Budget Partnership each dispense with public surveys and instead uses in-country experts to evaluate "the opposite of corruption" – which Global Integrity defines as the public policies that prevent, discourage, or expose corruption.


Premise: What is an analogous office to Chairman of the Council of Ministers?

Hypothesis: At the next Central Committee meeting on October 15, Tikhonov retired from the Politburo and Talyzin became a candidate.


Premise: Who is the owner of Columbia Pictures content?

Hypothesis: Besides its deals to broadcast film releases from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Warner Bros. Entertainment, Turner Classic Movies also maintains movie licensing rights agreements with Universal Studios, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, Walt Disney Studios (primarily film content from Walt Disney Pictures, as well as most of the Selznick International Pictures library), Sony Pictures Entertainment (primarily film content from Columbia Pictures), StudioCanal, and Janus Films.


Premise: Where did Beyoncé announce her pregnancy?

Hypothesis: In August, the couple attended the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards, at which Beyoncé performed "Love on Top" and started the performance saying "Tonight I want you to stand up on your feet, I want you to feel the love that's growing inside of me".


Premise: What word means to drink in Latin?

Hypothesis: The word beer comes from Old English bēor, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą, probably from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeusóm, originally "brewer's yeast, beer dregs", although other theories have been provided connecting the word with Old English bēow, "barley", or Latin bibere, "to drink".


Premise: What is a benefit of nocturnal migration?

Hypothesis: One cost of nocturnal migration is the loss of sleep.


Premise: What is the extinction caused by the splitting of Pangaea called?

Hypothesis: The Late Jurassic featured a massive extinction of sauropods and Ichthyosaurs due to the separation of Pangaea into Laurasia and Gondwana in an extinction known as the Jurassic-Cretaceous extinction.


Premise: Where did Sir Francis Drake attack in 1585 and again in 1589?

Hypothesis: The most famous Barbary attack was the bloody sack of the town of Cangas in 1617.


Premise: Where is the Walhalla temple located?

Hypothesis: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays, an accomplishment that made him the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.


Premise: Dragonflys shoot water from where?

Hypothesis: Dragonfly naiads use jet propulsion, forcibly expelling water out of their rectal chamber.


Premise: When was the Old Grapevine tavern demolished?

Hypothesis: 11th Street and 6th Avenue was the location of the Old Grapevine tavern from the 1700s to its demolition in the early 20th century.


Premise: What is the name of the theory Plutchik created?

Hypothesis: Robert Plutchik agreed with Ekman's biologically driven perspective but developed the "wheel of emotions", suggesting eight primary emotions grouped on a positive or negative basis: joy versus sadness; anger versus fear; trust versus disgust; and surprise versus anticipation.


Premise: In what year did the city have less than 500 homicides?

Hypothesis: In 2005 the homicide rate was at its lowest level since 1966, and in 2007 the city recorded fewer than 500 homicides for the first time ever since crime statistics were first published in 1963.


Premise: In November and December of 1940 what changed to make attacks on civilians a moot point?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, its official opposition to attacks on civilians became an increasingly moot point when large-scale raids were conducted in November and December 1940.


Premise: Who did Chandrahrasa belong to?

Hypothesis: Descriptions of buildings such as Managriha, Kailaskut Bhawan, and Bhadradiwas Bhawan have been found in the surviving journals of travelers and monks who lived during this era.


Premise: Who currently holds the record for the most league clean sheets during a season?

Hypothesis: Dean still holds the English national record of most goals in a season, with 60.


Premise: What is Greece ranked in the EU in the production of marble?

Hypothesis: Currently, Greece is ranked third in the European Union in the production of marble (over 920,000 tons), after Italy and Spain.


Premise: In the E.U., what are the governing principles for ISP's?

Hypothesis: These two principles are a barrier for certain forms of online copyright enforcement and they were the reason behind an attempt to amend the European Telecoms Package in 2009 to support new measures against copyright infringement.


Premise: In von Neumann's model what does q represent?

Hypothesis: Proving the existence of a positive growth rate and proving that the growth rate equals the interest rate were remarkable achievements, even for von Neumann.


Premise: Which disease did her mother passed away from?

Hypothesis: Months before her mother died of breast cancer, Madonna noticed changes in her behavior and personality, although she did not understand the reason.


Premise: How many credit card numbers were stole from Home Depot in 2014?

Hypothesis: In 2013 and 2014, a Russian/Ukrainian hacking ring known as "Rescator" broke into Target Corporation computers in 2013, stealing roughly 40 million credit cards, and then Home Depot computers in 2014, stealing between 53 and 56 million credit card numbers.


Premise: What were the Kazakh ASSR and Kirghiz ASSR renamed per the 1936 Soviet Constitution?

Hypothesis: With the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution on December 5, 1936, the size of the RSFSR was significantly reduced.


Premise: What do EMALS enable the launching of?

Hypothesis: The EMALS enables launching varied aircraft including unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV).


Premise: Who is in charge of policing Tennessee counties' unincorporated areas?

Hypothesis: Each Sheriff's Office is responsible for warrant service, court security, jail operations and primary law enforcement in the unincorporated areas of a county as well as providing support to the municipal police departments.


Premise: Do CDs have a two or four channel format?

Hypothesis: The format is a two-channel 16-bit PCM encoding at a 44.1 kHz sampling rate per channel.


Premise: What is 33.6% of the land in Bern?

Hypothesis: Of this area, 9.79 square kilometers (3.78 sq mi) or 19.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 17.33 square kilometers (6.69 sq mi) or 33.6% is forested.


Premise: What does this group believe of the story of a Virgin mother for Mary and those who follow its teaching ?

Hypothesis: Mary's at the Annunciation, but Theophanes of Nicaea, Joseph Bryennius, and Gennadios Scholarios all explicitly placed Mary's Conception as the first moment of her all-immaculate participation in the divine energies to such a degree that she was always completely without spot and graced.


Premise: Some bilaterians without a brain are what?

Hypothesis: It has not been definitively established whether the existence of these brainless species indicates that the earliest bilaterians lacked a brain, or whether their ancestors evolved in a way that led to the disappearance of a previously existing brain structure.


Premise: What type of charges do conductors hold on their facing surfaces?

Hypothesis: The conductors thus hold equal and opposite charges on their facing surfaces, and the dielectric develops an electric field.


Premise: pʰ represents what?

Hypothesis: For instance, ⟨p⟩ represents the voiceless bilabial stop, and ⟨pʰ⟩ represents the aspirated bilabial stop.


Premise: What were de Melo's greatest reforms?

Hypothesis: He ruled with a strong hand by imposing strict law upon all classes of Portuguese society from the high nobility to the poorest working class, along with a widespread review of the country's tax system.


Premise: Content is now protected by what encryption?

Hypothesis: This encryption can prevent duplication of content or simply limit the number of copies permitted, thus effectively denying most if not all fair use of the content.


Premise: Does physical aggression decline or increase during high-school, college, and early adulthood?

Hypothesis: Physical aggression in relationships tends to decline from high school through college and young adulthood.


Premise: What else does this law provide to service providers?

Hypothesis: Aside from upholding international copyright treaty obligations to provide general limitations and exceptions, nations have enacted compulsory licensing laws applying specifically to digital works and uses.


Premise: What type of degree can you get from a high school in Raleigh?

Hypothesis: There are four early college high schools in Raleigh.


Premise: What is the minimum amount of nominees taken on the day of nomination in the Swazi Parliament?

Hypothesis: The minimum number of nominees is four and the maximum is ten.


Premise: How much vinyl can be found at the start of an LP?

Hypothesis: At the start of a groove on an LP there are 510 mm of vinyl per second traveling past the stylus while the ending of the groove gives 200–210 mm of vinyl per second — less than half the linear resolution.


Premise: What invention led to an increase in efficiency in the farming of heavy soils?

Hypothesis: The development of the heavy plough allowed heavier soils to be farmed more efficiently, aided by the spread of the horse collar, which led to the use of draught horses in place of oxen.


Premise: What does the German spelling of Hanover have that English does not?

Hypothesis: The German spelling (with a double n) is becoming more popular in English; recent editions of encyclopedias prefer the German spelling, and the local government uses the German spelling on English websites.


Premise: Which people would Mohammad's critics have compared him to at the time?

Hypothesis: However, Muhammad's critics accused him of being a possessed man, a soothsayer or a magician since his experiences were similar to those claimed by such figures well known in ancient Arabia.


Premise: What kind of institution is KU's engineering school?

Hypothesis: The KU School of Engineering is an ABET accredited, public engineering school located on the main campus.


Premise: Who were some of the people striking in 1978-1979?

Hypothesis: Callaghan had been widely expected to call a general election in the autumn of 1978 when most opinion polls showed Labour to have a narrow lead.


Premise: What is the first feature motivated by?

Hypothesis: This is motivated by the fact that we can never directly apprehend length.


Premise: The symmetry group of the general theory of relativity includes what?

Hypothesis: The symmetry group of the general theory of relativity includes all differentiable transformations, i.e., all properties of an object are dynamical, in other words there are no absolute objects.


Premise: What is the typical thickness of the epidermis?

Hypothesis: The middle layer, the dermis, is 15 to 40 times thicker than the epidermis.


Premise: What was formed on the 1st October 2007?

Hypothesis: Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust was formed on 1 October 2007 by the merger of Hammersmith Hospitals NHS Trust (Charing Cross Hospital, Hammersmith Hospital and Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital) and St Mary's NHS Trust (St. Mary's Hospital and Western Eye Hospital) with Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine.


Premise: What has evolved over time?

Hypothesis: Based on studies of these bronze inscriptions, it is clear that, from the Shang dynasty writing to that of the Western Zhou and early Eastern Zhou, the mainstream script evolved in a slow, unbroken fashion, until assuming the form that is now known as seal script in the late Eastern Zhou in the state of Qin, without any clear line of division.


Premise: General Baptists shared similarities with who?

Hypothesis: According to this view, the General Baptists shared similarities with Dutch Waterlander Mennonites (one of many Anabaptist groups) including believer's baptism only, religious liberty, separation of church and state, and Arminian views of salvation, predestination and original sin.


Premise: What's another name for the concentric rings in trees?

Hypothesis: Owing to differences in the character of the elements produced at the beginning and end of the season, the wood is marked out in transverse section into concentric rings, one for each season of growth, called annual rings.


Premise: What did Hermann use the term angiosperm a primary division of in the plant kingdom?

Hypothesis: The botanical term "Angiosperm", from the Ancient Greek αγγείον, angeíon (bottle, vessel) and σπέρμα, (seed), was coined in the form Angiospermae by Paul Hermann in 1690, as the name of one of his primary divisions of the plant kingdom.


Premise: In order for a treaty to be valid in Brazil, a presidential decree incorporating the treaty into domestic law must be published where in order to be valid?

Hypothesis: Additionally, the Federal Supreme Court has ruled that, following ratification and entry into force, a treaty must be incorporated into domestic law by means of a presidential decree published in the federal register in order to be valid in Brazil and applicable by the Brazilian authorities.


Premise: What have been found in Alpine areas of France and Italy?

Hypothesis: Standing stones have been found in Alpine areas of France and Italy.


Premise: What is the name of a common alloy?

Hypothesis: Steel is such a common alloy that many items made from it, like wheels, barrels, or girders, are simply referred to by the name of the item, assuming it is made of steel.


Premise: What suggests that the commercialization of clean energy will hellp countries deal with economic malaise?

Hypothesis: Clean Edge suggests that the commercialization of clean energy will help countries around the world deal with the current economic malaise.


Premise: In what century did antibiotics revolutionized medicine?

Hypothesis: Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world.


Premise: What happens whenever a USB host is restarted?

Hypothesis: If the USB host is restarted, the enumeration process is repeated for all connected devices.


Premise: What action do the cabs take before the elevator begins to move?

Hypothesis: The passenger cabs are mechanically separated from the lift mechanism, thus allowing the elevator shafts to be used continuously while passengers board and embark from the cabs, as well as move through show scenes on various floors.


Premise: What does a female dog experience at sexual maturity?

Hypothesis: This is the time at which female dogs will have their first estrous cycle.


Premise: What causes electric trains to waste energy?

Hypothesis: However, electric rolling stock may run cooling blowers when stopped or coasting, thus consuming energy.


Premise: When did James I negotiate the Treaty of London?

Hypothesis: The British Empire began to take shape during the early 17th century, with the English settlement of North America and the smaller islands of the Caribbean, and the establishment of private companies, most notably the English East India Company, to administer colonies and overseas trade.


Premise: What percentage of bitumen is found in bitumen/water emulsions?

Hypothesis: Asphalt emulsions contain up to 70% asphalt/bitumen and typically less than 1.5% chemical additives.


Premise: Who invaded Britain when the Romans Left

Hypothesis: The British held back Saxon advance into the south-west for some time longer, but by the early eighth century King Ine of Wessex had pushed the boundaries of the West Saxon kingdom far enough west to include Somerset.


Premise: How long ago were Paleo-Indians known to be in the Tucson area?

Hypothesis: Tucson was probably first visited by Paleo-Indians, known to have been in southern Arizona about 12,000 years ago.


Premise: How long is the Paseo Maritimo?

Hypothesis: The Paseo Marítimo, a 4 km (2 mi) long palm tree-lined promenade was constructed along the beaches of the north side of the port (Playa Las Arenas, Playa Cabañal and Playa de la Malvarrosa).


Premise: Before agriculture advancements, what were farmers having to do?

Hypothesis: This surplus allowed a community to support individuals who did things other than work towards bare survival.


Premise: When did The Seattle Art Museum open its doors?

Hypothesis: The Henry Art Gallery opened in 1927, the first public art museum in Washington.


Premise: What work did Vesalius push the study of?

Hypothesis: For instance, Vesalius was imperative for advocating the use of Galen, but he also invigorated this text with experimentation, disagreements and further research.


Premise: In what year was the first debate between Harvard, Yale, and Princeton?

Hypothesis: In addition, with late 19th-century concerns about the impact of modern life on the human body, athletics offered hope that neither the individual nor the society was coming apart.


Premise: What is Louis Binford's profession?

Hypothesis: Robert Blumenschine proposed the idea of confrontational scavenging, which involves challenging and scaring off other predators after they have made a kill, which he suggests could have been the leading method of obtaining protein-rich meat by early humans.


Premise: In modern day what is still influenced by the  five tribes?

Hypothesis: These five tribes, sometimes with inclusion of the Frisians, are considered as the major groups to take part in the formation of the Germans.


Premise: What decade did the term "graphic novel" become well known by the public?

Hypothesis: The graphic novel—book-length comics—began to gain attention after Will Eisner popularized the term with his book A Contract with God (1978).


Premise: What species are all humans?

Hypothesis: Even though there is a broad scientific agreement that essentialist and typological conceptualizations of race are untenable, scientists around the world continue to conceptualize race in widely differing ways, some of which have essentialist implications.


Premise: List the artists who were featured in the Salon d'Automne?

Hypothesis: At the Salon d'Automne of the same year, in addition to the Indépendants group of Salle 41, were exhibited works by André Lhote, Marcel Duchamp, Jacques Villon, Roger de La Fresnaye, André Dunoyer de Segonzac and František Kupka.


Premise: For whom is the Weddell seal named ?

Hypothesis: The Weddell seal, a "true seal", is named after Sir James Weddell, commander of British sealing expeditions in the Weddell Sea.


Premise: What document was signed in 1899?

Hypothesis: A German trading company, the Jaluit Gesellschaft, administered the islands from 1887 until 1905.


Premise: Who guides Aeneas through the Underworld?

Hypothesis: Jupiter in Book 4 recalls the lingering Aeneas to his duty to found a new city, and he slips away from Carthage, leaving Dido to commit suicide, cursing Aeneas and calling down revenge in a symbolic anticipation of the fierce wars between Carthage and Rome.


Premise: Along with Eisenhower, Macmillan and de Gaulle, what leader attended the Four Powers Paris Summit?

Hypothesis: Up until this event, Eisenhower felt he had been making progress towards better relations with the Soviet Union.


Premise: According to the Eternalist theory, what must we use to describe Homer?

Hypothesis: This is the only reality we can deal with and we cannot for example say that Homer exists because at the present time he does not.


Premise: Where were ORNL's results verified?

Hypothesis: In 2012, ORNL researchers announced the successful development of a new absorbent material dubbed HiCap which performs surface retention of solid or gas molecules, atoms or ions and also effectively removes toxic metals from water, according to results verified by researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.


Premise: Germany's Joint Senate of the Supreme Courts is also known by what name?

Hypothesis: The so-called Gemeinsamer Senat der Obersten Gerichtshöfe (Joint Senate of the Supreme Courts) is not a supreme court in itself, but an ad-hoc body that is convened in only when one supreme court intends to diverge from another supreme court's legal opinion or when a certain case exceeds the authority of one court.


Premise: What act was signed in 1934?

Hypothesis: The stamps are created on behalf of the program by the US Postal Service and depict wildlife artwork chosen through an annual contest.


Premise: What did Ebert think of 'The Color Purple'?

Hypothesis: Roger Ebert proclaimed it the best film of the year and later entered it into his Great Films archive.


Premise: Who represented Princeton during the rule changing discussions?

Hypothesis: There was a mood of alarm and mistrust, and, while the crisis was developing, the presidents of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton developed a project to reform the sport and forestall possible radical changes forced by government upon the sport.


Premise: Who attacked Cangas in 1617?

Hypothesis: Galicia also suffered occasional slave raids by Barbary pirates, but not as frequently as the Mediterranean coastal areas.


Premise: What was the charity event that occurred this season?

Hypothesis: This season saw the first Idol Gives Back telethon-inspired event, which raised more than $76 million in corporate and viewer donations.


Premise: How many members are in the Metropolitan Council?

Hypothesis: The new structure is administered by a Metropolitan Council of 210 members, not directly elected, but chosen by the councils of the member Communes.


Premise: What newspapers have published opinion pieces expressing support for Puerto Rico's statehood?

Hypothesis: It will demand the attention of Congress, and a definitive answer to the Puerto Rican request for change.


Premise: Setting research in the North Atlantic region allows looking at connections between locations rather than being limited to what?

Hypothesis: Since the 1980s it has become common for social and cultural anthropologists to set ethnographic research in the North Atlantic region, frequently examining the connections between locations rather than limiting research to a single locale.


Premise: How many CDS were sold by Idol contestants up to 2010?

Hypothesis: Data from Nielsen SoundScan, a music-sales tracking service, showed that of the 47 million CDs sold by Idol contestants through January 2010, 85 percent were by contestants with ties to the American South.


Premise: A legislator said that by allowing Farrow to enter Hong Kong while denying others was a violation to what policy?

Hypothesis: Legislator Cheung Man Kwong have also said the government's decision allowing Farrow to enter while denying others is a double standard and a violation to Hong Kong's one country, two systems policy.


Premise: Where is the Chapultepec Zoo located?

Hypothesis: zoo located south of Mexico City in the Coyoacan.


Premise: What determines the properties of speed and torque?

Hypothesis: As the motor accelerates, the slip frequency becomes lower, and more current is in the interior of the winding.


Premise: What has achieved nirvana and also liberation from delusion?

Hypothesis: Therefore, according to Mahayana Buddhism, the arahant has attained only nirvana, thus still being subject to delusion, while the bodhisattva not only achieves nirvana but full liberation from delusion as well.


Premise: Greek was crowned the European champions in what event?

Hypothesis: The Greek national football team, ranking 12th in the world in 2014 (and having reached a high of 8th in the world in 2008 and 2011), were crowned European Champions in Euro 2004 in one of the biggest upsets in the history of the sport and became one of the most successful national teams in European football, being one of only nine national teams to have won the UEFA European Championship.


Premise: Who completely runs Politics and Policy?

Hypothesis: Politics & Policy was founded at Northwestern and is dedicated to the analysis of current events and public policy.


Premise: When was the Release Preview revealed to consumers?

Hypothesis: Many other builds were released until the Japan's Developers Day conference, when Steven Sinofsky announced that Windows 8 Release Preview (build 8400) would be released during the first week of June.


Premise: Who was Isabella engaged to?

Hypothesis: Unfortunately, Isabella was already engaged to Hugh of Lusignan, an important member of a key Poitou noble family and brother of Count Raoul of Eu, who possessed lands along the sensitive eastern Normandy border.


Premise: What was the range of Radio Saint Helena in miles?

Hypothesis: Radio St Helena, which started operations on Christmas Day 1967, provided a local radio service that had a range of about 100 km (62 mi) from the island, and also broadcast internationally on shortwave radio (11092.5 kHz) on one day a year.


Premise: What were the people using during the protest?

Hypothesis: When the police intervened, the snowballs were directed at them.


Premise: What states assisting Japan was Thailand a part of?

Hypothesis: Also involved were the Japanese puppet states of Manchukuo and Mengjiang (consisting of most of Manchuria and parts of Inner Mongolia respectively), and the collaborationist Wang Jingwei regime (which controlled the coastal regions of China).


Premise: Who was the first pope to visit the United States?

Hypothesis: During the pope's visit, as the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War escalated under President Johnson, Paul VI pleaded for peace before the UN:


Premise: How many tonnes of Patagonian toothfish were illegally fished in 2000?

Hypothesis: Despite these new acts, unregulated and illegal fishing, particularly of Patagonian toothfish (marketed as Chilean Sea Bass in the U.S.), remains a serious problem.


Premise: What was divided into governance, administration, defense, law and  order?

Hypothesis: The institutions of state were broadly divided into governance, administration, defense, law and order.


Premise: What Buddhist monuments are present at Boudhanath?

Hypothesis: The Seven Monument Zones (Mzs) inscribed originally in 1979 and with a minor modification in 2006 are Durbar squares of Hanuman Dhoka, Patan and Bhaktapur, Hindu temples of Pashupatinath and Changunarayan, the Buddhist stupas of Swayambhu and Boudhanath.


Premise: What is the name of the second highest level of college football?

Hypothesis: Of the four, only Boston College participates in college football at the highest level, the Football Bowl Subdivision.


Premise: What was Iran's rank in the top 10 Middle East destinations according to UNESCO?

Hypothesis: Domestic tourism in Iran is one of the largest in the world.


Premise: In breweries, what do you call a small vat that is filled with hops?

Hypothesis: In some breweries, the hopped wort may pass through a hopback, which is a small vat filled with hops, to add aromatic hop flavouring and to act as a filter; but usually the hopped wort is simply cooled for the fermenter, where the yeast is added.


Premise: What subject is seen throughout Avicenna's Book of Healing?

Hypothesis: Notably, Avicenna develops what is called the "flying man" argument in the Psychology of The Cure I.1.7 as defense of the argument that the soul is without quantitative extension, which has an affinity with Descartes's cogito argument (or what phenomenology designates as a form of an "epoche").


Premise: Until which year did his extended term last?

Hypothesis: At the same time, the state liberals and conservatives compromised to allow the popular Ángel Trías take the governorship; by this time the French forces had taken control over the central portions of the country and were making preparations to invade the northern states.


Premise: How many civilians were killed in the Allied bombing raids in World War II?

Hypothesis: Residential areas were also targeted, and more than 6,000 civilians were killed by the Allied bombing raids.


Premise: How many Anglo-Dutch Wars were there in the 17th century?

Hypothesis: Although England ultimately eclipsed the Netherlands as a colonial power, in the short term the Netherlands' more advanced financial system and the three Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th century left it with a stronger position in Asia.


Premise: Who managed to eventually control the territory of Arakan

Hypothesis: Faced with a powerful China and a resurgent Ayutthaya in the east, King Bodawpaya turned west, acquiring Arakan (1785), Manipur (1814) and Assam (1817).


Premise: What has grown significantly?

Hypothesis: Judging by the number of people writing to these media, there is a very large media-aware population in the state.


Premise: At one time, Priest permanently were assigned to a church were referred to as?

Hypothesis: The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief".


Premise: Where will the additional current be induced?

Hypothesis: This will induce an additional current in the antenna element, changing the current at the feedpoint for a given feedpoint voltage.


Premise: In which British group is Tuvalu a member?

Hypothesis: Tuvalu participates in the work of Secretariat of the Pacific Community, or SPC (sometimes Pacific Community) and is a member of the Pacific Islands Forum, the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations.


Premise: What was the 2013 annual budget for the CIA's HUMINT?

Hypothesis: CIA's HUMINT budget is $2.3 billion, the SIGINT budget is $1.7 billion, and spending for security and logistics of CIA missions is $2.5 billion.


Premise: What is Nigeria's local vehicle manufacturer?

Hypothesis: In 2013, Nigeria introduced a policy regarding import duty on vehicles to encourage local manufacturing companies in the country.


Premise: What years were the railroad challenged by Chief Sitting Bull?

Hypothesis: Jay Cooke, the NPR president launched major surveys into the Yellowstone valley in 1871, 1872 and 1873 which were challenged forcefully by the Sioux under chief Sitting Bull.


Premise: How does a person build their memories?

Hypothesis: People can construct their memories when they encode them and/or when they recall them.


Premise: What reaction describes this process?

Hypothesis: In its turn, under anaerobic conditions, the ferrous hydroxide (Fe(OH)_2 ) can be oxidized by the protons of water to form magnetite and molecular hydrogen.


Premise: What was the major cause of the separation between the Luftwaffe and the other military structure?

Hypothesis: The deliberate separation of the Luftwaffe from the rest of the military structure encouraged the emergence of a major "communications gap" between Hitler and the Luftwaffe, which other factors helped to exacerbate.


Premise: What does the NSDAP stand for?

Hypothesis: However, Poland refused to accept them, leaving them stranded at the border with thousands of other Polish-Jewish deportees, fed only intermittently by the Polish Red Cross and Jewish welfare organisations.


Premise: What percentage of Apple's manufacturing employees worked over 60 hour weeks?

Hypothesis: On June 11, 2006, the British tabloid The Mail on Sunday reported that iPods are mainly manufactured by workers who earn no more than US$50 per month and work 15-hour shifts.


Premise: How many lines are in the metro system?

Hypothesis: The first portions were opened in 1969 and it has expanded to 12 lines with 195 stations.


Premise: How many lower secondary classes were there?

Hypothesis: During the same year, there were 151 lower secondary classes with a total of 2,581 pupils.


Premise: Who's company did the Zhengde Emperor enjoy?

Hypothesis: The Zhengde Emperor (r. 1505–1521), who enjoyed the company of lamas at court despite protests from the censorate, had heard tales of a "living Buddha" which he desired to host at the Ming capital; this was none other than the Rinpung-supported Mikyö Dorje, 8th Karmapa Lama then occupying Lhasa.