Premise: How can two different plants acquire the same traits?

Hypothesis: Judging relationships based on shared characters requires care, since plants may resemble one another through convergent evolution in which characters have arisen independently.


Premise: What clothing was Queen Victoria laid to rest in?

Hypothesis: She was dressed in a white dress and her wedding veil.


Premise: What was established after negotiations over San Diego between the Mexcians and Americans?

Hypothesis: The Mexican negotiators of that treaty tried to retain San Diego as part of Mexico, but the Americans insisted that San Diego was "for every commercial purpose of nearly equal importance to us with that of San Francisco," and the Mexican-American border was eventually established to be one league south of the southernmost point of San Diego Bay, so as to include the entire bay within the United States.


Premise: Where was Representative Roger Sherman from?

Hypothesis: Others, such as Rep. Roger Sherman of Connecticut, believed the clause was unnecessary because the original Constitution only gave Congress stated powers, which did not include establishing a national religion.


Premise: In 1893 Greece announced what?

Hypothesis: Corruption and Trikoupis' increased spending to create necessary infrastructure like the Corinth Canal overtaxed the weak Greek economy, forcing the declaration of public insolvency in 1893 and to accept the imposition of an International Financial Control authority to pay off the country's debtors.


Premise: Who runs the Tucson Folk Festival?

Hypothesis: For the past 25 years, the Tucson Folk Festival has taken place the first Saturday and Sunday of May in downtown Tucson's El Presidio Park.


Premise: Along with loyalty and honor, what virtue did the elite value?

Hypothesis: Lords and kings supported entourages of fighters who formed the backbone of the military forces.[I] Family ties within the elites were important, as were the virtues of loyalty, courage, and honour.


Premise: What was the catch phrase Lawrence Toppman of the Charlotte Observer used for the film?

Hypothesis: Lawrence Toppman of The Charlotte Observer called Craig's performance "Bored, James Bored."


Premise: Who was the Secretary of Defense in 1967?

Hypothesis: In 1967 Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara decided that 15 combat divisions in the Army National Guard were unnecessary and cut the number to 8 divisions (1 mechanized infantry, 2 armored, and 5 infantry), but increased the number of brigades from 7 to 18 (1 airborne, 1 armored, 2 mechanized infantry, and 14 infantry).


Premise: How much did George III pay for Buckingham House?

Hypothesis: Buckingham House was eventually sold by Buckingham's descendant, Sir Charles Sheffield, in 1761 to George III for £21,000.


Premise: What is Melbourne's highest temperature recorded?

Hypothesis: The highest temperature recorded in Melbourne city was 46.4 °C (115.5 °F), on 7 February 2009.


Premise: In 2009, who named Northwestern as one of the top 10 universities in the country in purchasing renewable energy?

Hypothesis: This green power commitment represents 30 percent of the university's total annual electricity use and places Northwestern in the EPA's Green Power Leadership Club.


Premise: What confirms the dimeric structure of the compound?

Hypothesis: The diamagnetic nature of the ion confirms its dimeric structure.


Premise: What is an action committed through the body and involves intentional effort?

Hypothesis: It is an action committed through the body, speech, or mind, and involves an intentional effort.


Premise: What was the first generation of iPod Classic on which games like Mahjong and Tetris could be played?

Hypothesis: These games work on the 6th and 5th generation iPod Classic and the 5th and 4th generation iPod Nano.


Premise: What type of radiation can clothing provide some protection from?

Hypothesis: Clothing also provides protection from harmful UV radiation.


Premise: During what time is there no record of Christians using instruments for worship?

Hypothesis: The use of instruments for Christian worship during this period is also undocumented.


Premise: What does land has Federal Duck Stamp money helped purchase?

Hypothesis: Each year, nearly $200 million in hunters' federal excise taxes are distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs, the purchase of lands open to hunters, and hunter education and safety classes.


Premise: Which act got rid of the NIA and the CIG?

Hypothesis: " It created the program "PL-110", to handle defectors and other "essential aliens" who fell outside normal immigration procedures.


Premise: How many people were arrested with Kerry?

Hypothesis: At 2:30 a.m., local and state police arrested 441 demonstrators, including Kerry, for trespassing.


Premise: What name did the Anglo-Saxons give their settlement first?

Hypothesis: The Anglo-Saxons formed a new, larger, settlement across the Itchen centred on what is now the St Mary's area of the city.


Premise: About what percentage of European men were literate in 1500?

Hypothesis: The basic learning of the letters and numbers remained the province of the family or a village priest, but the secondary subjects of the trivium—grammar, rhetoric, logic—were studied in cathedral schools or in schools provided by cities.


Premise: What famous writers have lived in Tucson?

Hypothesis: Some were associated with the University of Arizona, but many were independent writers who chose to make Tucson their home.


Premise: What league did the Spokane Shock join after the 2015 season?

Hypothesis: Starting 2016, each conference will have only four teams as the champion San Jose SaberCats announced in November 2015 that they were ceasing activity for "reasons not associated with League operations."


Premise: Ultimately Feynman decided to take a job at which college?

Hypothesis: Feynman instead accepted an offer from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)—and as he says in his book


Premise: North carolina state law allowed a jump in alcohol volume from 6% to what percent?

Hypothesis: Asheville boasts the largest breweries per capita of any city in the United States.


Premise: What was Hayek's statement regarding conservatism?

Hypothesis: Hayek wrote an essay, "Why I Am Not a Conservative" (included as an appendix to The Constitution of Liberty), in which he disparaged conservatism for its inability to adapt to changing human realities or to offer a positive political program, remarking, "Conservatism is only as good as what it conserves."


Premise: What si the teacher-student ratio for Tuvalu schools?

Hypothesis: The pupil-teacher ratio for Tuvalu is low compared to the Pacific region (ratio of 1:29).


Premise: What year did Ray Holmes die?

Hypothesis: The British pilot became a King's Messenger after the war, and died at the age of 90 in 2005.


Premise: At what rough time did the Cambrian era start?

Hypothesis: The waters of the Cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shallow.


Premise: When do long distance migrants disperse?

Hypothesis: Once the site attachment is made they show high site-fidelity, visiting the same wintering sites year after year.


Premise: What country served as an American forward base to wage war with Japan?

Hypothesis: Japanese forces soon seized American, Dutch, and British possessions across the Pacific and Southeast Asia, except for Australia, which became a main American forward base along with Hawaii.


Premise: What is the current area of Mexico City?

Hypothesis: The last changes to the limits of the Federal District were made between 1898 and 1902, reducing the area to the current 1,479 km2 (571 sq mi) by adjusting the southern border with the state of Morelos.


Premise: Other than the United States, where in North America are pubs located?

Hypothesis: In many places, especially in villages, a pub can be the focal point of the community.


Premise: How many high-tech enterprises are present in the Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone ?

Hypothesis: There are more than 136 high-tech enterprises in the zone and they accounted for more than 90% of the total industrial output.


Premise: As one of the oldest and largest traditions, how long have the city been celebrating Saint Patrick's Day?

Hypothesis: In addition to the Jazz Festival (described above), New Haven serves as the home city of the annual International Festival of Arts and Ideas.


Premise: When Israel was in its infancy as a state, the Ashkenazi Jews involved in conflicts with Sephardic Jews were mainly what type of Jews?

Hypothesis: That is to say, all Jewish immigrants who arrived in Israel were strongly encouraged to "melt down" their own particular exilic identities within the general social "pot" in order to become Israeli.


Premise: What script is the oldest and still in use today?

Hypothesis: Few people are still able to read it effortlessly today, although the art of carving a traditional seal in the script remains alive; some calligraphers also work in this style.


Premise: Who, along with members of the South Korean government, fled South Korea?

Hypothesis: On 27 June, Rhee evacuated from Seoul with some of the government.


Premise: Who was possibly the first to use the term "energy" instead of vis viva?

Hypothesis: In 1807, Thomas Young was possibly the first to use the term "energy" instead of vis viva, in its modern sense.


Premise: What is one of the primary purposes of the Jantar Mantar observatory?

Hypothesis: It consists of 13 architectural astronomy instruments.


Premise: What term describes the literally translated Indonesian versions of Dutch terms that have become standard?

Hypothesis: In addition, many Indonesian words are calques on Dutch, for example, rumah sakit (Indonesian for "hospital") is calqued on the Dutch ziekenhuis (literally "house of the sick"), kebun binatang ("zoo") on dierentuin (literally "animal garden"), undang-undang dasar ("constitution") from grondwet (literally "ground law").


Premise: Included in applied anthropology is researcher involvement as well as activism in what communities?

Hypothesis: It is closely related to Development anthropology (distinct from the more critical Anthropology of development).


Premise: The only surviving mosaic from the Komnenos dynasty outside Constantinople is in what church?

Hypothesis: There is only a "Communion of the Apostles" in the apse of the cathedral of Serres.


Premise: What are two examples of Portuguese pastries?

Hypothesis: The Portuguese have a culture of good food, and throughout the country there are myriads of good restaurants and typical small tasquinhas.


Premise: What does God use Jehovah's Witnesses for?

Hypothesis: Some publications also claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses and the International Bible Students as a modern-day prophet.[note 5] Jehovah's Witnesses' publications have made various predictions about world events they believe were prophesied in the Bible.


Premise: What year was the Republic of Ireland formed?

Hypothesis: Other countries left the Commonwealth, such as Burma in January 1948, Palestine (divided between Israel and the Arab states) in May 1948 and the Republic of Ireland in 1949.


Premise: Where is Tlatelolco located?

Hypothesis: A branch of the National University's CCU cultural center was inaugurated in 2007 in the facilities of the former Ministry of Foreign Affairs, known as Tlatelolco, in north-central Mexico City.


Premise: When was the Potsdam Declaration issued?

Hypothesis: This ultimatum stated that, if Japan did not surrender, it would face "prompt and utter destruction."


Premise: What city is Nigeria's secondary industrial area?

Hypothesis: In this regard, some foreign vehicle manufacturing companies like Nissan have made known their plans to have manufacturing plants in Nigeria.


Premise: What language did Catalan descend from?

Hypothesis: By the 9th century, Catalan had evolved from Vulgar Latin on both sides of the eastern end of the Pyrenees, as well as the territories of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis to the south.


Premise: What does IALD stand for?

Hypothesis: Those fully independent designers who meet the requirements for professional membership in the association typically append the abbreviation IALD to their name.


Premise: What's the process by which macrophages try to get rid of the TB bacterium?

Hypothesis: Macrophages identify the bacterium as foreign and attempt to eliminate it by phagocytosis.


Premise: What is resistance to antibiotics a cause of?

Hypothesis: Emergence of resistance often reflects evolutionary processes that take place during antibiotic therapy.


Premise: How many people can Nanjing Olympic Sports Center's stadium hold?

Hypothesis: Compared to Wutaishan Sports Center, which the major stadium's capacity is 18,500, Nanjing Olympic Sports Center has a more advanced stadium which is big enough to seat 60,000 spectators.


Premise: What was used in final recordings of vinyl records?

Hypothesis: Early versions of these master discs were soft wax, and later a harder lacquer was used.


Premise: What developed from the mammalian odor pathways?

Hypothesis: These odor pathways gradually formed the neural blueprint for what was later to become our limbic brain.


Premise: The retired police officer said she would not run as what?

Hypothesis: The noted Indian social activist and a retired Indian Police Service (IPS) officer Kiran Bedi refused to participate saying "she doesn’t want to run in the event as ‘caged woman’.


Premise: What sort of television was BSkyB that made it such a radical broadcaster to choose for the Premier League?

Hypothesis: At the time pay television was an almost untested proposition in the UK market, as was charging fans to watch live televised football.


Premise: What were the two turbo controllers Nintendo made for the NES?

Hypothesis: Turbo features were also featured on the NES Satellite, the NES Four Score, and the U-Force.


Premise: Which British venue did Queen sell out in 1977?

Hypothesis: During the A Day at the Races Tour in 1977, Queen performed sold-out shows at Madison Square Garden, New York, in February, and Earls Court, London, in June.


Premise: Why are dogs seen as unclean in Islam?

Hypothesis: In Islam, dogs are viewed as unclean because they are viewed as scavengers.


Premise: How do linguists view Catalan and Valencian?

Hypothesis: The official regulating body of the language of the Valencian Community, the Valencian Academy of Language (Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua, AVL) declares the linguistic unity between Valencian and Catalan varieties.


Premise: What year and where was the first perfect score given?

Hypothesis: Even with Nadia's perfect scores, the Romanians lost the gold medal to the Soviet Union.


Premise: Who set fire to Plymouth in 1403?

Hypothesis: During the Hundred Years' War a French attack (1340) burned a manor house and took some prisoners, but failed to get into the town.


Premise: Who manages the TV distribution of Walt Disney Studios?

Hypothesis: Columbia's film output is owned by Sony (through Sony Pictures Television); distribution of 20th Century Fox's film library is handled for television by its 21st Century Fox subsidiary 20th Television, and the Walt Disney Studios (owned by The Walt Disney Company) has its library film output handled for television by Disney-ABC Domestic Television.


Premise: Who was a leading advocate of dividing government into different branches?

Hypothesis: During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it.


Premise: What kind of scores did Twilight Princess receive from many video game review sources?

Hypothesis: It received perfect scores from major publications such as 1UP.com, Computer and Video Games, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, GamesRadar, and GameSpy.


Premise: Who is the current mayor of Houston?

Hypothesis: The city of Houston has a strong mayoral form of municipal government.


Premise: Which missionary came to the Santa Cruz River area in 1692?

Hypothesis: A separate Convento settlement was founded downstream along the Santa Cruz River, near the base of what is now "A" mountain.


Premise: Who said "The Yavanas, O king, are all-knowing; the Suras are particularly so."?

Hypothesis: The "Brihat-Samhita" of the mathematician Varahamihira says: "The Greeks, though impure, must be honored since they were trained in sciences and therein, excelled others....." .


Premise: What venue was the American Idol season seven finale held at?

Hypothesis: The finale for season two took place at the Gibson Amphitheatre, which has an audience capacity of over 6,000.


Premise: What did some US Politicians think Coalition forces should have been allowed to have done?

Hypothesis: Some US politicians were disappointed by this move, believing Bush should have pressed on to Baghdad and removed Hussein from power; there is little doubt that coalition forces could have accomplished this if they had desired.


Premise: Who did Everton enter talks with to build a new 55,000 seat stadium in Kirkby?

Hypothesis: Opponents to the plan included other local councils concerned by the effect of a large Tesco store being built as part of the development, and a group of fans demanding that Everton should remain within the city boundaries of Liverpool.


Premise: What did a picture of Scargill have him appear to be doing?

Hypothesis: That year, Labour MP Clare Short attempted in vain to persuade Parliament to outlaw the pictures on Page Three and gained opprobrium from the newspaper for her stand.


Premise: What Negotiates power draw with the host interface?

Hypothesis: Some non-standard USB devices use the 5 V power supply without participating in a proper USB network, which negotiates power draw with the host interface.


Premise: What was the average family size in Atlantic City?

Hypothesis: 37.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.


Premise: The China National Space Administration said the satellite navigation system would be developed in how many steps?

Hypothesis: The original idea of a Chinese satellite navigation system was conceived by Chen Fangyun and his colleagues in the 1980s.


Premise: Justify My Love reached which number in the US charts?

Hypothesis: Justify My Love" reached number one in the U.S. and top ten worldwide.


Premise: What can a lack of zinc cause in children?

Hypothesis: Zinc deficiency affects about two billion people in the developing world and is associated with many diseases.


Premise: How much monetary value does a dime hold?

Hypothesis: In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol ₥), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol ¢), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each.


Premise: What is another name for ennoblement?

Hypothesis: Any individual could attain ennoblement (nobilitacja) for special services to the state.


Premise: What percentage of Kathmandu's economy is trade?

Hypothesis: Kathmandu exports handicrafts, artworks, garments, carpets, pashmina, paper; trade accounts for 21% of its finances.[which?]


Premise: What do most eukaryotic open reading frames contain?

Hypothesis: In addition, most eukaryotic open reading frames contain untranslated introns which are removed before the exons are translated.


Premise: How long did British military presence remain in Egypt?

Hypothesis: British military presence in Egypt lasted until 1954.


Premise: In February 2013, Shell Corporation announced that it would pause what?

Hypothesis: It was unclear if Shell would recommence drilling in mid-2013, following the "Kulluk" incident and, in February 2013, the corporation stated that it would "pause" its closely watched drilling project off the Alaskan coast in 2013, and will instead prepare for future exploration.


Premise: What is the political capital city?

Hypothesis: As an example, Santiago de Compostela, the political capital city, has an average of 129 rainy days and 1,362 millimetres (53.6 in) per year (with just 17 rainy days in the three summer months) and 2,101 sunlight hours per year, with just 6 days with frosts per year.


Premise: What is notable about the city forest Eilenriede?

Hypothesis: With around 40 parks, forests and gardens, a couple of lakes, two rivers and one canal, Hanover offers a large variety of leisure activities.


Premise: As of right now, who uses the licensed military service?

Hypothesis: There are two levels of service provided — a free service to civilians and licensed service to the Chinese government and military.


Premise: Who was the chief forensic pathologist of Libya?

Hypothesis: Libya's chief forensic pathologist, Dr. Othman al-Zintani, carried out the autopsies of Gaddafi, his son and Jabr in the days following their deaths; although the pathologist initially told the press that Gaddafi had died from a gunshot wound to the head, the autopsy report was not made public.


Premise: The first Europen immigrants arrival changed what in Boston?

Hypothesis: Irish immigrants dominated the first wave of newcomers during this period, especially following the Irish Potato Famine; by 1850, about 35,000 Irish lived in Boston.


Premise: What was the source of color in Red lac?

Hypothesis: Red lac was made from the gum lac, the dark red resinous substance secreted by various scale insects, particularly the Laccifer lacca from India.


Premise: What company was distributing Marvel's titles at that point?

Hypothesis: Late that year he sold Marvel Comics and his other publishing businesses to the Perfect Film and Chemical Corporation, which continued to group them as the subsidiary Magazine Management Company, with Goodman remaining as publisher.


Premise: How many people live in Nigeria?

Hypothesis: Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Christians, who live mostly in the southern part of the country, and Muslims in the northern part.


Premise: Which organism looks like a bee but cannot sting?

Hypothesis: Mimicry is a related phenomenon where an organism has a similar appearance to another species.


Premise: What year did the first of the two heads of state die?

Hypothesis: Tupua Tamasese Mea'ole died in 1963, leaving Malietoa Tanumafili II sole head of state until his death on 11 May 2007, upon which Samoa changed from a constitutional monarchy to a parliamentary republic de facto.


Premise: What writing system combined phonetic symbols and logograms?

Hypothesis: It is most often classified as a logographic or (more properly) a logosyllabic writing system, in which syllabic signs play a significant role.


Premise: What type of alcohol is found in wine and distilled spirits?

Hypothesis: Beer contains ethyl alcohol, the same chemical that is present in wine and distilled spirits and as such, beer consumption has short-term psychological and physiological effects on the user.


Premise: Bell was gifted at art, poetry, and what?

Hypothesis: From his early years, Bell showed a sensitive nature and a talent for art, poetry, and music that was encouraged by his mother.


Premise: Which event on the Orthodox calendar is related to Mary and icon veneration?

Hypothesis: One of the most loved Orthodox Akathists (i.e. standing hymns) is devoted to Mary and it is often simply called the Akathist Hymn.


Premise: What kind of attitude did Burma display in response to a cyclone a few days earlier?

Hypothesis: The Economist noted that China reacted to the disaster "rapidly and with uncharacteristic openness", contrasting it with Burma's secretive response to Cyclone Nargis, which devastated that country 10 days before the earthquake.


Premise: What is the nickname given to the first listing of endangered species?

Hypothesis: However, with time, researchers noticed that the animals on the endangered species list still were not getting enough protection, thus further threatening their extinction.


Premise: How do 15% of male Tuvaluans earn their income?

Hypothesis: Approximately 15% of adult males work as seamen on foreign-flagged merchant ships.


Premise: What causes the ice to break and crack loudly?

Hypothesis: The stress of the movement causes the ice to break and crack loudly, perhaps explaining why the mountains were believed to be home to dragons in the medieval period.


Premise: James Bennett Pritchard wrote what?

Hypothesis: The last great book written by Leonard Woolley, British archaeologist, excavator of ancient Ur and associate of T.E. Lawrence and Arthur Evans, was The Art of the Middle East, Including Persia, Mesopotamia and Palestine, published in 1961.


Premise: What type of area did early humans avoid?

Hypothesis: Archaeological and genetic data suggest that the source populations of Paleolithic hunter-gatherers survived in sparsely wooded areas and dispersed through areas of high primary productivity while avoiding dense forest cover.


Premise: What sometimes happens with managers?

Hypothesis: Managers have sometimes become major personalities, including Bobby Heenan, Paul Heyman, Ernie Roth, and Paul Bearer.


Premise: What system did Arthur Cronquist put forth in 1968, but not publish in full form until 1981?

Hypothesis: A consensus about how the flowering plants should be arranged has recently begun to emerge through the work of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG), which published an influential reclassification of the angiosperms in 1998.


Premise: Portuguese law continues to be a major influence for what?

Hypothesis: Portugal's main police organizations are the Guarda Nacional Republicana – GNR (National Republican Guard), a gendarmerie; the Polícia de Segurança Pública – PSP (Public Security Police), a civilian police force who work in urban areas; and the Polícia Judiciária – PJ (Judicial Police), a highly specialized criminal investigation police that is overseen by the Public Ministry.


Premise: What internet standards were also unlear as of December, 2012?

Hypothesis: The application of content standards online was also unclear.


Premise: What became the new targets for the Kriegsmarine?

Hypothesis: This meant that British coastal centres and shipping at sea west of Ireland were the prime targets.


Premise: How many executive orders were issued to help prevent discrimination?

Hypothesis: He issued two executive orders on July 26, 1948:


Premise: To where did Saint Athanasius withdraw?

Hypothesis: Athanasius, after remaining some days in the neighbourhood of the city, finally withdrew into the desert of Upper Egypt, where he remained for a period of six years, living the life of the monks, devoting himself to the composition of a group of writings; "Apology to Constantius", the "Apology for his Flight", the "Letter to the Monks", and the "History of the Arians".


Premise: Where is the highest place in Seattle?

Hypothesis: The highest point within city limits is at High Point in West Seattle, which is roughly located near 35th Ave SW and SW Myrtle St.


Premise: What did the National Guard refuse to obey?

Hypothesis: During the war, the Paris National Guard, particularly in the working-class neighbourhoods of Paris, had become highly politicised and units elected officers; many refused to wear uniforms or obey commands from the national government.


Premise: In order to merge, what must the database maintain?

Hypothesis: However, in some situations it is desirable to move, migrate a database from one DBMS to another.


Premise: To hounour the armistice, Bismarck allowed train loads of what into Paris?

Hypothesis: Bismarck honoured the armistice, by allowing train loads of food into Paris and withdrawing Prussian forces to the east of the city, prior to a full withdrawal once France agreed to pay a five billion franc war indemnity.


Premise: How many reporters did Lamb hire for the Mirror's initial staff?

Hypothesis: Murdoch found he had such a rapport with Larry Lamb over lunch that other potential recruits as editor were not interviewed and Lamb was appointed as the first editor of the new Sun.


Premise: How will solar energy increase energy security?

Hypothesis: In 2011, the International Energy Agency said that "the development of affordable, inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer-term benefits.


Premise: How many rail lines are there on New York City's commuter rail network?

Hypothesis: The rail network, connecting New York City to its suburbs, consists of the Long Island Rail Road, Metro-North Railroad, and New Jersey Transit.


Premise: Name a reason to take a database backward in time?

Hypothesis: Sometimes it is desired to bring a database back to a previous state (for many reasons, e.g., cases when the database is found corrupted due to a software error, or if it has been updated with erroneous data).


Premise: What virgin site did the torch visit on April 2?

Hypothesis: There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.


Premise: What is the average snowfall per year in Charlotte?

Hypothesis: Annual precipitation and humidity are lower in the Piedmont than in the mountains or the coast, but even at its lowest, the average is 40 in (1,020 mm) per year.


Premise: The Church of England uses what term that is held by two senior members of the College of Minor Canons of St. Pauls Catherdral?

Hypothesis: The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the tituli (parishes) of the diocese of Rome.


Premise: What philosophies were the samurai influenced by?

Hypothesis: The most defining role that Confucianism played in samurai philosophy was to stress the importance of the lord-retainer relationship—the loyalty that a samurai was required to show his lord.


Premise: What fortified position was captured by the Chinese Expeditionary Force?

Hypothesis: They captured a fortified position at Mount Song.


Premise: Where did they spend most summers until 1846?

Hypothesis: In May 1839 they headed for the summer to Sand's estate at Nohant, where they spent most summers until 1846.


Premise: Was his classification scheme meant for males or females?

Hypothesis: These categories directly correspond with the categories of sexual orientation used today: heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual.


Premise: What type of ink is often used in making comics?

Hypothesis: Cartooning techniques such as motion lines and abstract symbols are often employed.


Premise: What was the death sentence reduced to?

Hypothesis: Three of the men were sentenced to death (which was later reduced to life in prison), and the fourth defendant was sentenced to life in prison.


Premise: What range of prices were high-end LaserDisc players in the 1990s?

Hypothesis: In the 1990s, notable players sold for anywhere from US$200 to well over $1,000, while older and less desirable players could be purchased in working condition for as little as $25.


Premise: When did Cook visit New Zealand and claim the North Island?

Hypothesis: During his voyage, Cook also visited New Zealand, first discovered by Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1642, and claimed the North and South islands for the British crown in 1769 and 1770 respectively.


Premise: Which country marketed a clone called "Family Game?"

Hypothesis: A Famicom clone was marketed in Argentina under the name of "Family Game", resembling the original hardware design.


Premise: When was it suggested that foramina premaxillae could contain the first know hairs?

Hypothesis: The earliest clear evidence of hair or fur is in fossils of Castorocauda, from 164 million years ago in the Middle Jurassic.


Premise: When was ORT Uruguay officially certified as a private university?

Hypothesis: It is a member of World ORT, an international educational network founded in 1880 by the Jewish community in Saint Petersburg, Russia.


Premise: When did the torch arrive in Canberra?

Hypothesis: Upon its arrival in Canberra, the Olympic flame was presented by Chinese officials to local Aboriginal elder Agnes Shea, of the Ngunnawal people.


Premise: Which three states in the United Kingdom have devolved governements?

Hypothesis: Of these, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have "devolved" governments meaning that they have their own parliaments/assemblies and are self-governing with respect to certain areas set down by law.


Premise: What is another name for the French Navy?

Hypothesis: It is a CATOBAR-type carrier that uses two 75 m C13‑3 steam catapults of a shorter version of the catapult system installed on the U.S. Nimitz-class carriers, one catapult at the bow and one across the front of the landing area.


Premise: Where in Galicia has the oldest evidence of humans been found?

Hypothesis: The oldest attestation of human presence in Galicia has been found in the Eirós Cave, in the municipality of Triacastela, which has preserved animal remains and Neanderthal stone objects from the Middle Paleolithic.


Premise: What does Ghode mean?

Hypothesis: In recent years, these festivals have found wider participation from other Kathmanduites as well.


Premise: What even occured during Bush's presidency that made him become a wartime president?

Hypothesis: Just eight months into his presidency, the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 suddenly transformed Bush into a wartime president.


Premise: When was the very first Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge finished?

Hypothesis: Going in the downstream direction, the Yangtze crossings in Nanjing are: Dashengguan Bridge, Line 10 Metro Tunnel, Third Bridge, Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel, First Bridge, Second Bridge and Fourth Bridge.


Premise: What has happened to some who refuse to agree to not protest?

Hypothesis: " To limit protests, officials pushed parents to sign a document, which forbade them from holding protests, in exchange of money, but some who refused to sign were threatened.


Premise: What is an example of a traditional language that derives much of its vocabulary from Sanskrit?

Hypothesis: Other Austronesian languages, such as traditional Malay and modern Indonesian, also derive much of their vocabulary from Sanskrit, albeit to a lesser extent, with a larger proportion derived from Arabic.


Premise: Who was Beijing captured by in 1644?

Hypothesis: The Qing dynasty (1644–1911) was founded after the fall of the Ming, the last Han Chinese dynasty, by the Manchus.


Premise: What was said to be the  Yongle Emperor plans?

Hypothesis: Thinley writes that before the Karmapa returned to Tibet, the Yongle Emperor began planning to send a military force into Tibet to forcibly give the Karmapa authority over all the Tibetan Buddhist schools but Deshin Shekpa dissuaded him.


Premise: Which country was Alsace merged into during  1871-1918

Hypothesis: In the 1830-1870 era most Jews moved to the cities, where they integrated and acculturated, as antisemitism sharply declined.


Premise: When did Derby resign?

Hypothesis: Victoria found Gladstone's demeanour far less appealing; he spoke to her, she is thought to have complained, as though she were "a public meeting rather than a woman".


Premise: What determines how fast a tungsten filament evaporates?

Hypothesis: During ordinary operation, the tungsten of the filament evaporates; hotter, more-efficient filaments evaporate faster.


Premise: What was the name of the mechanical computer that used automation?

Hypothesis: The Kerrison was fairly simple, but it pointed the way to future generations that incorporated radar, first for ranging and later for tracking.


Premise: What did John Locke base his governance philosophy on?

Hypothesis: The English philosopher Thomas Hobbes ushered in this new debate with his work Leviathan in 1651.


Premise: What was the former girls college called?

Hypothesis: Strasbourg also offers high-class eclecticist buildings in its very extended German district, the Neustadt, being the main memory of Wilhelmian architecture since most of the major cities in Germany proper suffered intensive damage during World War II.


Premise: Who donated land to Everton FC in 1882?

Hypothesis: In 1882, a man named J. Cruitt donated land at Priory Road which became the club's home before they moved to Anfield, which was Everton's home until 1892.


Premise: What were Kupka's two entries at the Salon d'Automne?

Hypothesis: Orphism these works were so different that they defy attempts to place them in a single category.


Premise: What was used to get the torch across the Shing Mun River?

Hypothesis: It was estimated that more than 200,000 spectators came out and watched the relay.


Premise: How many songs does Madonna have on the Hot Dance Club Songs Chart?

Hypothesis: Madonna holds the record for the most number-ones on all combined Billboard charts, including twelve number-one songs on the Billboard Hot 100 and eight number-one albums on the Billboard 200.


Premise: What is the refractive index of the ground?

Hypothesis: Given the larger refractive index of the ground (typically n=2) compared to air (n=1), the phase of horizontally polarized radiation is reversed upon reflection (a phase shift of  radians or 180°).


Premise: What did the marchers wish to commemorate?

Hypothesis: On April 26, 1988, about 500 people participated in a march organized by the Ukrainian Cultural Club on Kiev's Khreschatyk Street to mark the second anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, carrying placards with slogans like "Openness and Democracy to the End."


Premise: How do creators of content protect their work from infringement?

Hypothesis: Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works.


Premise: When did the Computer Emergency Readiness Team investigate 79 hacking incidents at energy companies?

Hypothesis: In 2014, the Computer Emergency Readiness Team, a division of the Department of Homeland Security, investigated 79 hacking incidents at energy companies.


Premise: Where did the children mainly come from?

Hypothesis: Parents were told the children would find work and send money home, but once the children left home, they often worked in conditions resembling slavery.


Premise: When would American law be more likely to follow English law?

Hypothesis: The reason is that although the courts of the various Commonwealth nations are often influenced by each other's rulings, American courts rarely follow post-Revolution Commonwealth rulings unless there is no American ruling on point, the facts and law at issue are nearly identical, and the reasoning is strongly persuasive.


Premise: How do asset prices generally move in relation to interest rates?

Hypothesis: This may have also contributed to the deflating of the housing bubble, as asset prices generally move inversely to interest rates, and it became riskier to speculate in housing.


Premise: Corruption in what creates weak provision of services?

Hypothesis: Corruption in elections and in the legislature reduces accountability and distorts representation in policymaking; corruption in the judiciary compromises the rule of law; and corruption in public administration results in the inefficient provision of services.


Premise: Where did the Stonewall riots happen?

Hypothesis: They are widely considered to constitute the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBT rights in the United States.


Premise: In 1946, the Greeks made up what percent of Cyprus' population?

Hypothesis: T.M.T. The Secretary of State for the Colonies in a letter dated 15 July 1958 had advised the Governor of Cyprus not to act against T.M.T despite its illegal actions so as not to harm British relations with the Turkish government.


Premise: What is the head of Iran's government called?

Hypothesis: A stand-out case is the President of Iran, who is not actually a head of state, but the head of the government of Iran.


Premise: How much debt did the top five U.S. investment banks report in fiscal year 2007?

Hypothesis: From 2004 to 2007, the top five U.S. investment banks each significantly increased their financial leverage (see diagram), which increased their vulnerability to a financial shock.


Premise: In what year was the Tibetan government abolished?

Hypothesis: The region maintained its autonomy until 1951 when, following the Battle of Chamdo, Tibet became incorporated into the People's Republic of China, and the previous Tibetan government was abolished in 1959 after a failed uprising.


Premise: What is the official name of code 127?

Hypothesis: Code 127 is officially named "delete" but the Teletype label was "rubout".


Premise: How old are the ore deposits in the Oklo mine?

Hypothesis: The ore deposit is 1.7 billion years old; then, uranium-235 constituted about 3% of the total uranium on Earth.


Premise: Who wrote the paper "Whos Gay? Does It Matter?

Hypothesis: In the paper "Who's Gay?


Premise: Which term is indicative of people who place their faith in Jesus?

Hypothesis: In some countries Nasrani tends to be used generically for non-Muslim Western foreigners, e.g. "blond people."


Premise: In what format were the BBC's first new bulletins shown?

Hypothesis: On 5 July 2004, the BBC celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of its television news bulletins (although it had produced the Television Newsreel for several years before 1954).


Premise: How many members of the Swazi House of Assembly are chosen by the king?

Hypothesis: The elections are held every five years after dissolution of parliament by the king.


Premise: Who swore in the first President of Namibia?

Hypothesis: Sam Nujoma was sworn in as the first President of Namibia watched by Nelson Mandela (who had been released from prison the previous month) and representatives from 147 countries, including 20 heads of state.


Premise: What does mapping clusters disentangle ancestry from?

Hypothesis: Abu el-Haj argues that genomics and the mapping of lineages and clusters liberates "the new racial science from the older one by disentangling ancestry from culture and capacity."[citation needed]


Premise: What did Bell's cord-free phone use to transmit messages?

Hypothesis: Both men later became full associates in the Volta Laboratory Association.


Premise: What did the strongest aftershock measure?

Hypothesis: According to Chinese official counts, "by 12:00 CST, November 6, 2008 there had been 42,719 total aftershocks, of which 246 ranged from 4.0 MS to 4.9 MS, 34 from 5.0 MS to 5.9 MS, and 8 from 6.0 Ms to 6.4 MS; the strongest aftershock measured 6.4 MS.


Premise: Along with Lucius Clay, who advised Eisenhower on cabinet appointments?

Hypothesis: After selecting his budget director, Joseph M. Dodge, Eisenhower asked Herbert Brownell and Lucius Clay to make recommendations for his cabinet appointments.


Premise: The Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa is located where?

Hypothesis: A large undulating plain extending south into the Altar Valley, rural residential development predominates, but here you will also find major attractions including Saguaro National Park West, the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, and the Old Tucson Studios movie set/theme park.


Premise: What effect did Mac's decision to brand the Mac OS8 have on companies such as Motorola?

Hypothesis: Apple bought out Power Computing's license, but allowed Umax to continue selling Mac clones until their license expired, as they had a sizeable presence in the lower-end segment that Apple did not.


Premise: What does Upa-Mahanagar mean in English?

Hypothesis: Kathmandu is also known informally as "KTM" or the "tri-city".


Premise: How did World War I directly impact Gaddafi's family?

Hypothesis: From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops.


Premise: Who maintains an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor?

Hypothesis: The Information Office of the State Council of the PRC preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor (r. 1435–1449) addressed to the Karmapa in 1445, written after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court.


Premise: What is a definition of reverse discrimination?

Hypothesis: Some commentators have defined reverse discrimination as a policy or practice in which members of a majority are discriminated against in favor of a historically disadvantaged group or minority.[non-primary source needed]


Premise: Who bought land along Buffalo Bayou to build a city?

Hypothesis: The Allen brothers decided to name the city after Sam Houston, the popular general at the Battle of San Jacinto, who was elected President of Texas in September 1836.


Premise: How are people in Brazil classified?

Hypothesis: In Brazil, people are classified by appearance, not heredity.


Premise: How many doctors are there per 100,000 people?

Hypothesis: There are 347 physicians for every 100,000 people in the city.


Premise: What was the population of Plymouth unitary authority circa 2001?

Hypothesis: The Plymouth urban area had a population of 260,203 in 2011 (the urban sprawl which extends outside the authority's boundaries).


Premise: What size of weapon calibers are better hitting at short range fast targets?

Hypothesis: For shorter-range work, a lighter weapon with a higher rate of fire is required, to increase a hit probability on a fast airborne target.


Premise: What are shooters responsible for?

Hypothesis: Shooters are naval aviators or Naval Flight Officers and are responsible for launching aircraft.


Premise: What did some militia members in Somalia weld in the exhaust of the RPG tube to protect the shooter?

Hypothesis: In Somalia, militia members sometimes welded a steel plate in the exhaust end of an RPG's tube to deflect pressure away from the shooter when shooting up at US helicopters.


Premise: With what other difference did the Gregorian calendar concern itself?

Hypothesis: In addition to the change in the mean length of the calendar year from 365.25 days (365 days 6 hours) to 365.2425 days (365 days 5 hours 49 minutes 12 seconds), a reduction of 10 minutes 48 seconds per year, the Gregorian calendar reform also dealt with the accumulated difference between these lengths.


Premise: As early as what year was a spy ring set up in the Yugoslav party?

Hypothesis: Tito's leading role in liberating Yugoslavia not only greatly strengthened his position in his party and among the Yugoslav people, but also caused him to be more insistent that Yugoslavia had more room to follow its own interests than other Bloc leaders who had more reasons (and pressures) to recognize Soviet efforts in helping them liberate their own countries from Axis control.


Premise: How many users were affected by the increase in malware?

Hypothesis: Initially, Apple support staff were instructed not to assist in the removal of the malware or admit the existence of the malware issue, but as the malware spread, a support document was issued.


Premise: The square contains a sculpture by what renowned Uruguayan sculptor?

Hypothesis: The square contains various works of art, notably a sculpture by renowned Uruguayan sculptor Pablo Atchugarry.


Premise: What type of deviations are there from the single phoneme to each grapheme general principle?

Hypothesis: Where it is very impractical or impossible to type š and ž, they are substituted with sh and zh in some written texts, although this is considered incorrect.


Premise: How many institutes of technology are there in Germany?

Hypothesis: There are 17 universities of technology in Germany with about 290,000 students enrolled.


Premise: Who said "The Greeks, though impure, must be honored since they were trained in sciences and therein, excelled others...."

Hypothesis: The Mahabharata compliments them as "the all-knowing Yavanas" (sarvajnaa yavanaa) i.e. "The Yavanas, O king, are all-knowing; the Suras are particularly so.


Premise: During which month is the complex particularly active?

Hypothesis: The Erector Square complex in the Fair Haven neighborhood houses the Parachute Factory gallery along with numerous artist studios, and the complex serves as an active destination during City-Wide Open Studios held yearly in October.


Premise: When did Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur rule?

Hypothesis: Some succeeded their fathers as rulers, such as Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur, who ruled Morocco from 1578 to 1608.


Premise: Why is the use of rifles often banned?

Hypothesis: Regulations may also limit or ban the use of lead in ammunition because of environmental concerns.


Premise: What is the more common term in Israel for many of those broadly called Sephardim?

Hypothesis: Jews are often identified as belonging to one of two major groups: the Ashkenazim and the Sephardim.


Premise: Who provided financial backing for the Edison Lighting Company?

Hypothesis: The new company also acquired Sprague Electric Railway & Motor Company in the same year.


Premise: Who, in 1979, was discovered to be a communist spy?

Hypothesis: In 1978, the Queen endured a state visit to the United Kingdom by Romania's communist dictator, Nicolae Ceaușescu, and his wife, Elena, though privately she thought they had "blood on their hands".


Premise: In what type of relationship does an organism travel by means of another?

Hypothesis: Examples of metabiosis are hermit crabs using gastropod shells to protect their bodies and spiders building their webs on plants.


Premise: What years was the first ISP established in Somalia?

Hypothesis: Somalia established its first ISP in 1999, one of the last countries in Africa to get connected to the Internet.


Premise: Domestic visitors spend about how much money in the city of Melbourne annually?

Hypothesis: In 2008, Melbourne overtook Sydney with the amount of money that domestic tourists spent in the city, accounting for around $15.8 billion annually.


Premise: What year was the Rotovirus vaccine used?

Hypothesis: In the case of Rotavirus, which was responsible for around 6% of diarrheal episodes and 20% of diarrheal disease deaths in the children of developing countries, use of a Rotavirus vaccine in trials in 1985 yielded a slight (2-3%) decrease in total diarrheal disease incidence, while reducing overall mortality by 6-10%.


Premise: Along with parts of Ethiopia and Somalia, in what modern-day country was the Sultanate of Ifat located?

Hypothesis: The Sultanate of Ifat, led by the Walashma dynasty with its capital at Zeila, ruled over parts of what is now eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northern Somalia.


Premise: What myth did Bruce Voeller preserve in the 1970s?

Hypothesis: For this reason, in the 1970s Bruce Voeller, the chair of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force perpetuated a common myth that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population by averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women.


Premise: How are batteries typically grouped?

Hypothesis: Heavier guns and long-range missiles may be in air-defence brigades and come under corps or higher command.


Premise: In what year did the Rus attack Constantinople?

Hypothesis: After the Rus' attack on Constantinople in 860, the Byzantine Patriarch Photius sent missionaries north to convert the Rus' and the Slavs.


Premise: How many comarcas does Galicia consist of?

Hypothesis: This traditional breakdown into such small areas is unusual when compared to the rest of Spain.


Premise: Etch-back removes glass fibers and what other material?

Hypothesis: The etch-back removes resin and the glass fibers so that the copper layers extend into the hole and as the hole is plated


Premise: What laws created in 1990s impacted culture?

Hypothesis: It passed the 1993 Syndicates Law, 1995 Press Law, and 1999 Nongovernmental Associations Law which hampered freedoms of association and expression by imposing new regulations and draconian penalties on violations.[citation needed]


Premise: When was the centenari of Barcelona celebrated?

Hypothesis: In 1999, the club celebrated its centenari, winning the Primera División title, and Rivaldo became the fourth Barcelona player to be awarded European Footballer of the Year.


Premise: Who was the garrison commander that died on June 30th 1855?

Hypothesis: During this time the garrison commander, Admiral Nakhimov fell on 30 June 1855.:378 Raglan having also died on 28 June.:460


Premise: What is the micro connector designed for?

Hypothesis: The micro plug design is rated for at least 10,000 connect-disconnect cycles, which is more than the mini plug design.


Premise: What fictional New Haven resident is featured in the novella, The Odd Saga of the American and a Curious Iceland Flock?

Hypothesis: A fictional native of New Haven is Alex Welch from the novella, The Odd Saga of the American and a Curious Icelandic Flock.


Premise: What ranking in the world does greater Boston metro hold as far as economy?

Hypothesis: Encompassing $363 billion, the Greater Boston metropolitan area has the sixth-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in the world.


Premise: The Redstone Arsenal became the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center when?

Hypothesis: On July 1, 1960, the Redstone Arsenal became NASA's George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, with von Braun as its first director.


Premise: What type of scholars have provided proof that mechanical engineering was prominent during the Han period?

Hypothesis: Han scholars, who often had little or no expertise in mechanical engineering, sometimes provided insufficient information on the various technologies they described.


Premise: Zener diodes below what voltage are not widely available?

Hypothesis: The forward voltage drop (e.g. about 1.7 V for a normal red LED) can be used instead of a Zener diode in low-voltage regulators.


Premise: What part of Oklahoma has oak savannahs?

Hypothesis: The semi-arid high plains in the state's northwestern corner harbor few natural forests; the region has a rolling to flat landscape with intermittent canyons and mesa ranges like the Glass Mountains.


Premise: Who wrote that Baptists referred to themselves as "the Christians commonly—though falsely—called Anabaptists?"

Hypothesis: McBeth writes that as late as the 18th century, many Baptists referred to themselves as "the Christians commonly—though falsely—called Anabaptists."


Premise: In what century did the English East India Company form?

Hypothesis: This period, until the loss of the Thirteen Colonies after the American War of Independence towards the end of the 18th century, has subsequently been referred to by some historians as the "First British Empire".


Premise: Critics argue that Basel III doesn't address which problem?

Hypothesis: Critics argue that Basel III doesn’t address the problem of faulty risk-weightings.


Premise: What type of lighting was powered by electricity?

Hypothesis: Gas lighting was economical enough to power street lights in major cities starting in the early 1800s, and was also used in some commercial buildings and in the homes of wealthy people.


Premise: What movement influenced the Puritans?

Hypothesis: They largely adopted Sabbatarianism in the 17th century, and were influenced by millennialism.


Premise: Reforms in the Ottoman court system were based on what model?

Hypothesis: These reforms were based heavily on French models, as indicated by the adoption of a three-tiered court system.


Premise: What statement addressed the relationship of Italy to Greece in the Catholic church?

Hypothesis: A common declaration and a joint Creed issued after the visit demonstrated that there are virtually no more[additional citation needed] theological discrepancies between the Coptic and Roman Catholic Churches.


Premise: What sort of touch do the vedettes provide to the parades?

Hypothesis: Traditionally formed by men and now starting to be open to women, the different Carnival groups (Murgas, Lubolos or Parodistas) perform a kind of popular opera at the tablados, singing and dancing songs that generally relate to the social and political situation.


Premise: How many child slaves were reported in cocoa, coffee and cotton farms?

Hypothesis: In 2001, the US State Department estimated there were 15,000 child slaves cocoa, cotton and coffee farms in the Ivory Coast, and the Chocolate Manufacturers Association acknowledged that child slavery is used in the cocoa harvest.[not in citation given][better source needed]


Premise: What was the result of the Battle of Maxen?

Hypothesis: Frederick himself lost half his army in the Battle of Kunersdorf (now Kunowice Poland), the worst defeat in his military career and one that drove him to the brink of abdication and thoughts of suicide.


Premise: Approximately how many Israeli Jews are born in Israel?

Hypothesis: Approximately 75% of Israeli Jews are born in Israel, 17% are immigrants from Europe and the Americas, and 8% are immigrants from Asia and Africa (including the Arab World).


Premise: Where did Patrick Henry deliver his memorable speech?

Hypothesis: The John Marshall House, the home of the former Chief Justice of the United States, is also located downtown and features many of his writings and objects from his life.


Premise: Manuel Oribe and Fructuoso Rivera fought against what empire?

Hypothesis: Uruguay's 1830s were dominated by the confrontation between Manuel Oribe and Fructuoso Rivera, the two revolutionary leaders who had fought against the Empire of Brazil under the command of Lavalleja, each of whom had become the caudillo of their respective faction.


Premise: In what European school does Avicenna's portrait hang in their hall of medicine?

Hypothesis: In modern Iran, he is considered a national icon, and is often regarded as one of the greatest Persians to have ever lived.


Premise: What is a kabob?

Hypothesis: Lavash is a very popular Armenian flat bread, and Armenian paklava is a popular dessert made from filo dough.


Premise: What organization runs the largest line of ferries in the US?

Hypothesis: Sound Transit currently provides an express bus service within the metropolitan area; two Sounder commuter rail lines between the suburbs and downtown; its Central Link light rail line, which opened in 2009, between downtown and Sea-Tac Airport gives the city its first rapid transit line that has intermediate stops within the city limits.


Premise: Where did Tito travel in 1977 to reconcile with Chinese leadership?

Hypothesis: He continued to travel abroad and receive foreign visitors, going to Beijing in 1977 and reconciling with a Chinese leadership that had once branded him a revisionist.


Premise: Why are uppercase letters preferred often times when space is restricted?

Hypothesis: In mathematics, letter case may indicate the relationship between objects with uppercase letters often representing "superior" objects (e.g. X could be a set containing the generic member x).


Premise: When was American Life released?

Hypothesis: Another Day, Madonna collaborated with fashion photographer Steven Klein in 2003 for an exhibition installation named X-STaTIC Pro=CeSS.


Premise: In what year did the Turks conquer Constantinople?

Hypothesis: For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date.


Premise: For how long has the Libon tram service existed?

Hypothesis: In Porto, a tram network, of which only a tourist line on the shores of the Douro remain, began construction on 12 September 1895 (a first for the Iberian Peninsula).


Premise: What things show Corks diverse culural background?

Hypothesis: This is reflected in the multi-cultural restaurants and shops, including specialist shops for East-European or Middle-Eastern food, Chinese and Thai restaurants, French patisseries, Indian buffets, and Middle Eastern kebab houses.


Premise: Where is the Royal Basilica of the Hungarian kings?

Hypothesis: The Golden Gate of the St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague got its name from the golden 14th-century mosaic of the Last Judgement above the portal.


Premise: Along with Denmark and Sweden, what country was part of the Union of Kalmar?

Hypothesis: The major power around the Baltic Sea was the Hanseatic League, a commercial confederation of city states that traded from Western Europe to Russia.


Premise: What was Israel's Global Peace Index rank in 2015?

Hypothesis: Israel is one of the world's largest arms exporters, and was ranked fourth in the world for weapons exports in 2007.


Premise: What time period was marked by the spreading of Islam?

Hypothesis: With the spread of Islam in the 7th and 8th centuries, a period of Muslim scholarship, known as the Islamic Golden Age, lasted until the 13th century.


Premise: Which work by Henry Timberlake made the current spelling of Tennessee widely popular?

Hypothesis: The spelling was popularized by the publication of Henry Timberlake's "Draught of the Cherokee Country" in 1765.


Premise: By what means does Arsenal operate as a company?

Hypothesis: Arsenal's parent company, Arsenal Holdings plc, operates as a non-quoted public limited company, whose ownership is considerably different from that of other football clubs.


Premise: Supreme Courts in New York serve what function?

Hypothesis: In New York, Maryland, and the District of Columbia the highest court is called the Court of Appeals, a name used by many states for their intermediate appellate courts.


Premise: What is the readership market share enjoyed by Marvel and DC comics?

Hypothesis: As of 2008, Marvel and its major, longtime competitor DC Comics shared over 80% of the American comic-book market.


Premise: What month did France sue for peace?

Hypothesis: The Hertza region was initially not requested by the USSR but was later occupied by force after the Romanians agreed to the initial Soviet demands.


Premise: What percentage of marine life died during the extinction?

Hypothesis: It is also known as the "Great Dying" because it is considered the largest mass extinction in the Earth's history.


Premise: What is the name of the company that managed the colony from 1615-1684?

Hypothesis: Its spin-off, the Somers Isles Company, took over in 1615 and managed the colony until 1684.


Premise: How many households were recorded in the 2010 census

Hypothesis: As of the 2010 census, there were 579,999 people, 230,233 households, and 144,120 families residing in the city.


Premise: What did Abdullah have built outside Valencia?

Hypothesis: Among his administrative acts he ordered the building of a luxurious palace, the Russafa, on the outskirts of the city in the neighbourhood of the same name.


Premise: The gene differences indicate what two things done by selection in dogs during breeding for domestication?

Hypothesis: Some of these genes have been associated with aggression in some dog breeds, indicating their importance in both the initial domestication and then later in breed formation.


Premise: How are people evaluated in Brazil?

Hypothesis: These types grade into each other like the colors of the spectrum, and no one category stands significantly isolated from the rest.


Premise: Where was the cup held in 2005?

Hypothesis: The semi-finals have been played exclusively at the rebuilt Wembley Stadium since 2008, one year after it opened and after it had already hosted a final (in 2007).


Premise: Why did the Soviet Union complain about the action of the US to the UN Security Council?

Hypothesis: The US proposed that a commission of India and Sweden determine what the US should pay in compensation but the Soviets vetoed the US proposal.


Premise: How many executions occurred in 1999?

Hypothesis: Possibly in part due to expedited federal habeas corpus procedures embodied in the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, the pace of executions picked up, reaching a peak of 98 in 1999 and then they declined gradually to 28 in 2015.


Premise: Which universal encyclopedia began publication in 1751 and was composed of 35 volumes and over 71,000 seperate entries?

Hypothesis: The work, which began publication in 1751, was composed of thirty-five volumes and over 71 000 separate entries.


Premise: When did John have conjugal relationships with Isabella?

Hypothesis: John did not provide a great deal of money for his wife's household and did not pass on much of the revenue from her lands, to the extent that historian Nicholas Vincent has described him as being "downright mean" towards Isabella.


Premise: Which area is called the heart of the world's Coral reef biodiversity?

Hypothesis: The shallow waters of the Southeast Asian coral reefs have the highest levels of biodiversity for the world's marine ecosystems, where coral, fish and molluscs abound.


Premise: At what point does psychological construction theory believe the components of an emotion are put together?

Hypothesis: The idea that core affect is but one component of the emotion led to a theory called “psychological construction.


Premise: Which The Times editor was closely allied with the government who practised German appeasement?

Hypothesis: In 1922, John Jacob Astor, son of the 1st Viscount Astor, bought The Times from the Northcliffe estate.


Premise: How tall is the peak at Mont Blanc?

Hypothesis: The second-highest major peaks are Monte Rosa at 4,634 m (15,200 ft) and Ortler at 3,905 m (12,810 ft), respectively


Premise: Which country was conquered by the Ottomans in 1479?

Hypothesis: Yet Serbian dominance was short-lived; the Serbian army led by the Lazar Hrebljevanovic was defeated by the Ottomans at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, where most of the Serbian nobility was killed and the south of the country came under Ottoman occupation, as much of southern Bulgaria had become Ottoman territory in 1371.


Premise: How is Catalan different from other Romance languages?

Hypothesis: Also, Catalan has final obstruent devoicing, thus featuring many couplets like amic "(male friend") vs. amiga ("female friend").


Premise: Peter J. Wallison believes that the one of the roots of the financial crisis can be traced to affordable housing policies by which agency in the 1990s?

Hypothesis: In his dissent to the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, American Enterprise Institute fellow Peter J. Wallison stated his belief that the roots of the financial crisis can be traced directly and primarily to affordable housing policies initiated by HUD in the 1990s and to massive risky loan purchases by government-sponsored entities Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.


Premise: In combination with skin tests, are IGRAs associated with an increase or decrease in sensitivity?

Hypothesis: The Mantoux tuberculin skin test is often used to screen people at high risk for TB.


Premise: What was Montini accused of being by the Italian government?

Hypothesis: At the request of the pope, he created an information office for prisoners of war and refugees, which in the years of its existence from 1939 until 1947 received almost ten million (9 891 497) information requests and produced over eleven million (11.293.511) answers about missing persons.


Premise: Which view of evolution emphasizing large changes in organisms' phenotypes does Popper oppose to his own?

Hypothesis: Popper contrasted this view as "evolution from within" or "active Darwinism" (the organism actively trying to discover new ways of life and being on a quest for conquering new ecological niches), with the naturalistic "evolution from without" (which has the picture of a hostile environment only trying to kill the mostly passive organism, or perhaps segregate some of its groups).


Premise: At at time was radio gaining popularity?

Hypothesis: This was in spite of some carbon microphones used, which had resonances that colored the recorded tone.


Premise: When did the Seljuk Empire experience it's decline?

Hypothesis: In the early 12th century, Armenian princes of the Zakarid noble family drove out the Seljuk Turks and established a semi-independent Armenian principality in Northern and Eastern Armenia, known as Zakarid Armenia, which lasted under the patronage of the Georgian Kingdom.


Premise: What is the permutation when a person has not chosen goals in the past but is willing to in the future?

Hypothesis: When assigned categories, four possible permutations result: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement.


Premise: Which school did opponents to Darwin's method support?

Hypothesis: His strategy established that evolution through natural laws was worthy of scientific study, and by 1875, most scientists accepted that evolution occurred but few thought natural selection was significant.


Premise: What did the Royal colleges and Imperial Institute form when they merged?

Hypothesis: Albert insisted the Great Exhibition surplus should be used as a home for culture and education for everyone.


Premise: Who was the target of the filing?

Hypothesis: In May 2015, a coalition of more than 60 Asian-American organizations filed federal complaints with the Education and Justice Departments against Harvard University.


Premise: Along with Hungary, where did many expelled French Jews relocate to?

Hypothesis: The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland.


Premise: Why is the translation of the Old Testament into Greek known as the Septuagint?

Hypothesis: One of the first recorded instances of translation in the West was the rendering of the Old Testament into Greek in the 3rd century BCE.


Premise: how many meters from the goalpost does a penalty area extend?

Hypothesis: This area is marked by the goal line, two lines starting on the goal line 16.5 m (18 yd) from the goalposts and extending 16.5 m (18 yd) into the pitch perpendicular to the goal line, and a line joining them.


Premise: What was the foremost dynasty of the the Golden Age period?

Hypothesis: Various parts of India were ruled by numerous dynasties for the next 1,500 years, among which the Gupta Empire stands out.


Premise: The matrix and the solvent are other names for what?

Hypothesis: The primary metal is called the base, the matrix, or the solvent.


Premise: What hapend when Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism

Hypothesis: When the Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism, the Bishops of Utrecht came to exercise worldly power as prince-bishops.


Premise: What was used as a model for the church Yaroslav commissioned?

Hypothesis: In the dome we can see the traditional stern Pantokrator supported by angels.


Premise: Name a Jewish community that disappeared entirely?

Hypothesis: The result has been a growing trend of assimilation, as Jews marry non-Jewish spouses and stop participating in the Jewish community.


Premise: From where did Eisenhower get the idea of a White House Chief of Staff?

Hypothesis: Since the 19th century, many if not all presidents were assisted by a central figure or "gatekeeper", sometimes described as the President's Private Secretary, sometimes with no official title at all.


Premise: In what year did the shift in gold standard occur?

Hypothesis: 1834 saw a shift in the gold standard to 23.2 grains (1.50 g), followed by a slight adjustment to 23.22 grains (1.505 g) in 1837 (16:1 ratio).[citation needed]


Premise: What company confirmed that an early version of the Spectre script had been leaked?

Hypothesis: Eon Productions later issued a statement confirming the leak of what they called "an early version of the screenplay".


Premise: What researcher posited that the lowering of diphthongs is "natural"?

Hypothesis: Stroop theorizes that the lowering of open-mid to open diphthongs is a phonetically "natural" and inevitable development and that Dutch, after having diphthongised the long high vowels like German and English, "should" have lowered the diphthongs like German and English as well.


Premise: What main road leads to the airport?

Hypothesis: The Viaducto Miguel Alemán crosses the city east-west from Observatorio to the airport.


Premise: Of the 16 satellites launched for the BeiDou-2 system, how many are operational?

Hypothesis: The system will provide test-run services of positioning, navigation and time for China and the neighboring areas before the end of this year, according to the authorities.


Premise: How much the the President of Western Union want to pay for the patent later on?

Hypothesis: Two years later, he told colleagues that if he could get the patent for $25 million he would consider it a bargain.


Premise: What is the population of New York's Combined Statistical Area?

Hypothesis: Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.


Premise: What year did Dell announce its plans to sublease its building?

Hypothesis: After a slowdown in business required reducing employees and production capacity, Dell decided to sublease its offices in two buildings in the Las Cimas office complex.


Premise: What was the original name of today's Marine Corps Air Station Miramar?

Hypothesis: The city was also an early center for aviation: as early as World War I, San Diego was proclaiming itself "The Air Capital of the West".


Premise: At what point does the public begin voting for contestants?

Hypothesis: Viewers are allowed to vote as many times as they can within the two-hour voting window.


Premise: When was the Federal District formed?

Hypothesis: After independence from Spain was achieved, the Federal District was created in 1824.


Premise: What team did Barcelona beat to win La Liga for the 2008-09 season?

Hypothesis: Barça beat Athletic Bilbao 4–1 in the 2009 Copa del Rey Final, winning the competition for a record-breaking 25th time.


Premise: Why are plants able to stop and start dividing cells?

Hypothesis: While plants use many of the same epigenetic mechanisms as animals, such as chromatin remodeling, an alternative hypothesis is that plants set their gene expression patterns using positional information from the environment and surrounding cells to determine their developmental fate.


Premise: When did the liberation of Strasbourg take place?

Hypothesis: Liberation of Strasbourg took place on 23 November 1944.


Premise: How are allopatric populations separated?

Hypothesis: The smooth gradation of human genetic variation in general tends to rule out any idea that human population groups can be considered monophyletic (cleanly divided), as there appears to always have been considerable gene flow between human populations.


Premise: Back-to-school shopping was introduced in what year of Beyonce's clothing line?

Hypothesis: In July 2009, Beyoncé and her mother launched a new junior apparel label, Sasha Fierce for Deréon, for back-to-school selling.


Premise: What picture books from the 17th century show manga origins?

Hypothesis: The kibyōshi contained examples of sequential images, movement lines, and sound effects.


Premise: How many continents did Paul Vi visit as pope?

Hypothesis: Pope Paul VI became the first pope to visit six continents, and was the most travelled pope in history to that time, earning the nickname "the Pilgrim Pope".


Premise: What became the largest player in the British global market according to William Henry Pyne?

Hypothesis: As home to the revolution, Britain experienced higher standards of living.


Premise: When was Fort Gustav built?

Hypothesis: The fort built in 1787 over a hill slope has ruins of ramparts, guardhouse, munitions depot, wood-burning oven and so forth.


Premise: Which new BYU school was added under Pres. Dallin H. Oaks in 1971?

Hypothesis: Dallin H. Oaks replaced Wilkinson as president in 1971.


Premise: What are a few examples of social and religious transition ceremonies?

Hypothesis: This illuminates the extent to which adolescence is, at least in part, a social construction; it takes shape differently depending on the cultural context, and may be enforced more by cultural practices or transitions than by universal chemical or biological physical changes.


Premise: Who stated that energy costs with a wind, solar, water system should be similar to today's energy costs?

Hypothesis: Jacobson says that energy costs with a wind, solar, water system should be similar to today's energy costs.


Premise: What are some of the target countries?

Hypothesis: Amongst the key initiative is the so-called time-bounded programme countries, where child labour is most prevalent and schooling opportunities lacking.


Premise: Why did Chopin want his body opened when he died?

Hypothesis: Chopin requested that his body be opened after death (for fear of being buried alive) and his heart returned to Warsaw where it rests at the Church of the Holy Cross.


Premise: What is also a fruit?

Hypothesis: – originally written as 批把 with the hand radical, referring to the down and up strokes when playing this instrument, which was then changed to 枇杷 (tree radical), which is still used for the fruit, while the character was changed to 琵琶 when referring to the instrument.


Premise: Disk encryption and Trusted Platform Module are designed to prevent what?

Hypothesis: Even when the system is protected by standard security measures, these may be able to be by passed by booting another operating system or tool from a CD-ROM or other bootable media.


Premise: What did churches do to settle the date if there was a difference?

Hypothesis: Where the two systems produced different dates there was generally a compromise so that both churches were able to celebrate on the same day.


Premise: What percentage of Charleston's population were free people of color?

Hypothesis: Free people of color were far more likely to be of mixed racial background than slaves.


Premise: What was commerce raiding refered to as?

Hypothesis: However, Imperial Japanese Navy (and pre-war U.S.) doctrine stipulated that only fleet battles, not guerre de course (commerce raiding) could win naval campaigns.


Premise: How long is the tunnel connecting Lotschberg and Gotthard planned to be?

Hypothesis: Most of Europe's highest railways are located there.


Premise: What day of the week was Spectre released in North America?

Hypothesis: However, after grossing $5.25 million from its early Thursday night showings and $28 million on its opening day, weekend projections were increased to $75–80 million.


Premise: How many videos per day were streamed as of January 2012?

Hypothesis: In May 2011, YouTube reported in its company blog that the site was receiving more than three billion views per day.


Premise: What does IFI stand for?

Hypothesis: The International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), and other international financial institutions (IFIs) and foreign countries are extending considerable grants and loans.


Premise: What kind of forces can Special Operations missions employ?

Hypothesis: They can be conducted independently or in conjunction with operations of conventional forces or other government agencies and may include operations through, with, or by indigenous or surrogate forces.


Premise: When were the 3 new cemeteries open?

Hypothesis: Some of the most famous people in the world are buried in Parisian cemeteries.


Premise: What was the average for viewership by finale night?

Hypothesis: The first show drew 9.9 million viewers, giving Fox the best viewing figure for the 8.30 pm spot in over a year.


Premise: What did Elizabeth celebrate in 2002?

Hypothesis: In 2002, Elizabeth marked her Golden Jubilee.


Premise: What award did the Bronx receive in 1997?

Hypothesis: In 2006, The New York Times reported that "construction cranes have become the borough's new visual metaphor, replacing the window decals of the 1980s in which pictures of potted plants and drawn curtains were placed in the windows of abandoned buildings."


Premise: What measurement is deemed most important to redefine in terms of physical constants?

Hypothesis: There are a number of proposals to redefine certain of the SI base units in terms of fundamental physical constants.


Premise: What was the cost of the damage of the 1886 earthquake to the city of Charleston?

Hypothesis: It was felt as far away as Boston to the north, Chicago and Milwaukee to the northwest, as far west as New Orleans, as far south as Cuba, and as far east as Bermuda.


Premise: When was the law of conservation of energy first postulated?

Hypothesis: The law of conservation of energy was also first postulated in the early 19th century, and applies to any isolated system.


Premise: How long was he in prison at Lepoglava for?

Hypothesis: In the same year he was arrested, tried in court for his illegal communist activities, and sent to jail.


Premise: Was the Latin word for poultry also used to decribe other small animals as opposed to any poulty?

Hypothesis: The word "poultry" comes from the French/Norman word poule, itself derived from the Latin word pullus, which means small animal.


Premise: When it comes to translation, what is less commonly used today?

Hypothesis: Though earlier approaches to translation are less commonly used today, they retain importance when dealing with their products, as when historians view ancient or medieval records to piece together events which took place in non-Western or pre-Western environments.


Premise: How many cricket squares does Eton have?

Hypothesis: The UK Sports Council defended the deal on the grounds that the whole community would benefit, while the bursar claimed that Windsor, Slough and Eton Athletic Club was "deprived" because local people (who were not pupils at the College) did not have a world-class running track and facilities to train with.


Premise: How many people lived in Kathmandu in 2011?

Hypothesis: According to the 2011 census, Kathmandu Metropolitan City has a population of 975,453 and measures 49.45 km2 (19.09 sq mi).


Premise: When was the London Baptist Confession of Faith created?

Hypothesis: Some historically significant Baptist doctrinal documents include the 1689 London Baptist Confession of Faith, 1742 Philadelphia Baptist Confession, the 1833 New Hampshire Baptist Confession of Faith, the Southern Baptist Convention's Baptist Faith and Message, and written church covenants which some individual Baptist churches adopt as a statement of their faith and beliefs.


Premise: What was the last coin to be converted to the modern day style of having historic Americans on the face?

Hypothesis: The last coins to be converted to profiles of historic Americans were the dime (1946) and the Dollar (1971).


Premise: On what date did New York record its highest temperature ever?

Hypothesis: Winters are cold and damp, and prevailing wind patterns that blow offshore minimize the moderating effects of the Atlantic Ocean; yet the Atlantic and the partial shielding from colder air by the Appalachians keep the city warmer in the winter than inland North American cities at similar or lesser latitudes such as Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis.


Premise: During independant service mode how is a single cab in a hall kept from being used?

Hypothesis: When an elevator is placed on independent service, it will no longer respond to hall calls.


Premise: During what historical period was the Toledot Yeshu written?

Hypothesis: The story about Panthera is also found in the Toledot Yeshu, the literary origins of which can not be traced with any certainty and given that it is unlikely to go before the 4th century, it is far too late to include authentic remembrances of Jesus.


Premise: A coreless DC motor is distinguished by what?

Hypothesis: Taking advantage of this fact is the coreless or ironless DC motor, a specialized form of a PM DC motor.


Premise: What writer joined Jonassohn in the study of the whole of human history?

Hypothesis: Jonassohn and Björnson are critical of some of these studies, arguing that they are too expansive, and conclude that the academic discipline of genocide studies is too young to have a canon of work on which to build an academic paradigm.


Premise: What construction project suffered from foreign political retaliation against Nasser?

Hypothesis: The latter condemned his strong support for Algerian independence, and the UK's Eden government was agitated by Nasser's campaign against the Baghdad Pact.


Premise: In what decade did sociologists focus on the social relevance of emotion?

Hypothesis: In the 1990s, sociologists focused on different aspects of specific emotions and how these emotions were socially relevant.


Premise: Who noted in a 1992 article that anthropologists had generally abandoned the concept of race as valid?

Hypothesis: Similarly, forensic anthropologists draw on highly heritable morphological features of human remains (e.g. cranial measurements) to aid in the identification of the body, including in terms of race.


Premise: How are allopatric populations separated?

Hypothesis: Phylogenetic analysis relies on the concept of derived characteristics that are not shared between groups, usually applying to populations that are allopatric (geographically separated) and therefore discretely bounded.


Premise: In what year was the Education Reform Act made into law?

Hypothesis: The concept of "school choice" introduces the idea of competition between state schools, a fundamental change to the original "neighbourhood comprehensive" model, and is partly intended as a means by which schools that are perceived to be inferior are forced either to improve or, if hardly anyone wants to go there, to close down.


Premise: What kind of climate does the Sahel have?

Hypothesis: To the south, the Sahara is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of dry tropical savanna with a summer rainy season that extends across Africa from east to west.


Premise: How high did the 1992 Bohemian Rhapsody chart?

Hypothesis: In the United States, "Bohemian Rhapsody" was re-released as a single in 1992 after appearing in the comedy film Wayne's World.


Premise: How are Pacific Islands Americans distinct from the indigenous peoples of the Americas?

Hypothesis: In Alaska, indigenous peoples belong to 11 cultures with 11 languages.


Premise: When was Citizen Kane released?

Hypothesis: He bought Orson Welles's own directorial copy of the script for the radio broadcast The War of the Worlds (1938) in 1994.


Premise: What groups was Mysore fighting in the later half of the 18th century?

Hypothesis: The rule of Wodeyar dynasty which established the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India in around 1400 CE by was interrupted by Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan in the later half of the 18th century.


Premise: How many Buddists are outside of Asia?

Hypothesis: Seven million additional Buddhists are found outside of Asia.


Premise: What dynasty kept a Central-local government relation with the Yuan imperial court?

Hypothesis: Wang and Nyima take this to mean that "even in the later period of the Yuan dynasty, the Yuan imperial court and the Phagmodrupa Dynasty maintained a Central-local government relation."


Premise: Who signed multiple peace treaties with the Tang?

Hypothesis: The Yarlung rulers of Tibet also signed various peace treaties with the Tang, culminating in a treaty in 821 that fixed the borders between Tibet and China.


Premise: What stopped work in 9 factories in Coventry?

Hypothesis: In particular, the West Midlands were targeted.


Premise: Which 1986 movie contained a Queen theme song?

Hypothesis: Queen contributed music directly to the films Flash Gordon (1980), with "Flash" as the theme song, and Highlander (the original 1986 film), with "A Kind of Magic", "One Year of Love", "Who Wants to Live Forever", "Hammer to Fall", and the theme "Princes of the Universe", which was also used as the theme of the Highlander TV series (1992–1998).


Premise: To whom does the KU Endowment seek to connect with?

Hypothesis: Its mission is to partner with donors in providing philanthropic support to build a greater University of Kansas.


Premise: What methodology allowed the production of new agricultural tools?

Hypothesis: The Han-era Chinese used bronze and iron to make a range of weapons, culinary tools, carpenters' tools and domestic wares.


Premise: who commanded the factories owned by the East India company?

Hypothesis: The East India Company also launched a joint attack with the Dutch United East India Company on Portuguese and Spanish ships off the coast of China, which helped secure their ports in China.


Premise: What is the main component of drying the paper?

Hypothesis: On the paper machine the most common is the steam heated can dryer.


Premise: How were original settlers of the area able to move between islands?

Hypothesis: Micronesian colonists gradually settled the Marshall Islands during the 2nd millennium BC, with inter-island navigation made possible using traditional stick charts.


Premise: How did Frederick respond to the defeat at Hanover?

Hypothesis: This problem was compounded when the main Hanoverian army under Cumberland was defeated at the Battle of Hastenbeck and forced to surrender entirely at the Convention of Klosterzeven following a French Invasion of Hanover.


Premise: What plant grows in the rocky areas of the range?

Hypothesis: Wildlife such as ibex live in the higher peaks to elevations of 3,400 m (11,155 ft), and plants such as Edelweiss grow in rocky areas in lower elevations as well as in higher elevations.


Premise: What group of people may apply to join the FBI after age 37?

Hypothesis: To apply to become an FBI agent, one must be between the ages of 23 and 37.


Premise: In what year did Christian troops lose control of Valencia?

Hypothesis: The declining power of the Almoravids coincided with the rise of a new dynasty in North Africa, the Almohads, who seized control of the peninsula from the year 1145, although their entry into Valencia was deterred by Ibn Mardanis, King of Valencia and Murcia until 1171, at which time the city finally fell to the North Africans.


Premise: What did Lewis Paul invent?

Hypothesis: Matthew Boulton and James Watt's improvements to the steam engine were fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both the Kingdom of Great Britain and the world.


Premise: What notable political union of the 20th century covered most South Slavs?

Hypothesis: In the 19th century, Pan-Slavism developed as a movement among intellectuals, scholars, and poets, but it rarely influenced practical politics and did not find support in some nations that had Slavic origins.


Premise: What does the first truth cover?

Hypothesis: The first truth explains the nature of dukkha.


Premise: In what did Emperor Augustus order the conquest of the Germans?

Hypothesis: Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans.


Premise: What program aired on PBS about Neptune?

Hypothesis: The images relayed back to Earth from Voyager 2 became the basis of a 1989 PBS all-night program, Neptune All Night.


Premise: What area was the site of the first action in the Seven Years' War

Hypothesis: Realizing that war was imminent, Prussia preemptively struck Saxony and quickly overran it.


Premise: Constitutional Court also serves as what type of arbiter?

Hypothesis: Mali's highest courts are the Supreme Court, which has both judicial and administrative powers, and a separate Constitutional Court that provides judicial review of legislative acts and serves as an election arbiter.


Premise: How did his upbringing impact his later life preferences?

Hypothesis: He repeatedly expressed a preference for the desert over the city and retreated to the desert to meditate.


Premise: Where did the Hornets play after Hurricane Katrina?

Hypothesis: The team was known as the New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets while playing in Oklahoma City.


Premise: What is Nigerian Pidgin English often called?

Hypothesis: The pidgin English or Nigerian English is widely spoken within the Niger Delta Regions, predominately in Warri, Sapele, Port Harcourt, Agenebode, Ewu, and Benin City.


Premise: How many non-jewish African immigrants live in Israel?

Hypothesis: Additionally, there are around 60,000 non-Jewish African immigrants in Israel, some of whom have sought asylum.


Premise: What was the name of the room that the first exhibition of Cubists took place?

Hypothesis: Georges Braque's 1908 Houses at L’Estaque (and related works) prompted the critic Louis Vauxcelles to refer to bizarreries cubiques (cubic oddities).


Premise: How many murders occurred in 1990?

Hypothesis: A few years later, Philadelphia began to see a rapid drop in homicides and violent crime.


Premise: What do Newar speakers call Kasthamandap temple?

Hypothesis: This temple, also known as Maru Satal in the Newar language, was built in 1596 by King Laxmi Narsingh Malla.


Premise: What kind of companies have had a more important role in drug development?

Hypothesis: A direct consequence within the pharmaceutical industry value chain is that major pharmaceutical multinationals tend to increasingly outsource risks related to fundamental research, which somewhat reshapes the industry ecosystem with biotechnology companies playing an increasingly important role, and overall strategies being redefined accordingly.


Premise: Which newspaper is the sister company of Saint FM radio?

Hypothesis: It broadcast news, features and music in collaboration with its sister newspaper, the St Helena Independent (which continues).


Premise: What type of system used ceramic water pipes?

Hypothesis: The ruins of rammed-earth walls that once surrounded the capitals Chang'an and Luoyang still stand, along with their drainage systems of brick arches, ditches, and ceramic water pipes.


Premise: What are patients carrying certain genetic variant alleles near the IL28B gene more likely to achieve?

Hypothesis: Later report from Nature demonstrated that the same genetic variants are also associated with the natural clearance of the genotype 1 hepatitis C virus.


Premise: How were the moral standards of ancient cultures enforced?

Hypothesis: Tradition was sacred to ancient cultures and was unchanging and the social order of ceremony and morals in a culture could be strictly enforced.


Premise: How many UNESCO sites does the U.S. have?

Hypothesis: Philadelphia is home to many national historical sites that relate to the founding of the United States.


Premise: What influenced Greek modern song considerably?

Hypothesis: : καντάδα) became the forerunners of the Greek modern song, influencing its development to a considerable degree.


Premise: In 1806 who did Gorkas defeat with the help of provincial chiefs?

Hypothesis: They managed to defeat Sansar Chand Katoch, the ruler of Kangra, in 1806 with the help of many provincial chiefs.


Premise: When was the bronze age?

Hypothesis: In later times bronze has been used for ornaments, bells, statues, and bearings.


Premise: Whose responsibility is it to conduct meetings and decide action for cases involving sexual misconduct?

Hypothesis: Elders maintain general responsibility for congregational governance, setting meeting times, selecting speakers and conducting meetings, directing the public preaching work, and creating "judicial committees" to investigate and decide disciplinary action for cases involving sexual misconduct or doctrinal breaches.


Premise: Which contestant had to go to the hospital during the week of the top 20?

Hypothesis: Crystal Bowersox, who has Type-I diabetes, fell ill due to diabetic ketoacidosis on the morning of the girls performance night for the top 20 week and was hospitalized.


Premise: When was Ezra Stiles president of Yale?

Hypothesis: The Reverend Ezra Stiles, president of the College from 1778 to 1795, brought with him his interest in the Hebrew language as a vehicle for studying ancient Biblical texts in their original language (as was common in other schools), requiring all freshmen to study Hebrew (in contrast to Harvard, where only upperclassmen were required to study the language) and is responsible for the Hebrew phrase אורים ותמים (Urim and Thummim) on the Yale seal.


Premise: What companies built their first overseas research and development centers in Israel?

Hypothesis: Intel and Microsoft built their first overseas research and development centers in Israel, and other high-tech multi-national corporations, such as IBM, Google, Apple, HP, Cisco Systems, and Motorola, have opened R&D facilities in the country.


Premise: What phrases did Nasser use in many of his speeches?

Hypothesis: Arab nationalist terms such "Arab homeland" and "Arab nation" frequently began appearing in his speeches in 1954–55, whereas prior he would refer to the Arab "peoples" or the "Arab region".


Premise: What ranked San Diego as having the country's best summer climate?

Hypothesis: San Diego is one of the top-ten best climates in the Farmers' Almanac and is one of the two best summer climates in America as scored by The Weather Channel.


Premise: How many of the M2HB guns were mounted together on the M45 Quadmount weapons system?

Hypothesis: Their needs could cogently be met with smaller-calibre ordnance beyond using the usual singly-mounted M2 .50 caliber machine gun atop a tank's turret, as four of the ground-used "heavy barrel" (M2HB) guns were mounted together on the American Maxson firm's M45 Quadmount weapons system (as a direct answer to the Flakvierling),which were often mounted on the back of a half-track to form the Half Track, M16 GMC, Anti-Aircraft.


Premise: How many students regularly attend schools in NYC?

Hypothesis: The New York City Public Schools system, managed by the New York City Department of Education, is the largest public school system in the United States, serving about 1.1 million students in more than 1,700 separate primary and secondary schools.


Premise: In what yer was the Battle of Manzikert fought?

Hypothesis: In 1071, the Turkish army defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert and captured the Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV (r. 1068–71).


Premise: Members of what family were sometimes used as pub names?

Hypothesis: Other subjects that lent themselves to visual depiction included the name of battles (e.g. Trafalgar), explorers, local notables, discoveries, sporting heroes and members of the royal family.