Premise: To which states' election laws are Seattle's law and ballots similar?

Hypothesis: Like most parts of the United States, government and laws are also run by a series of ballot initiatives (allowing citizens to pass or reject laws), referenda (allowing citizens to approve or reject legislation already passed), and propositions (allowing specific government agencies to propose new laws/tax increases directly to the people).


Premise: What did Eannatum use to keep the people of the time in line?

Hypothesis: Although short-lived, one of the first empires known to history was that of Eannatum of Lagash, who annexed practically all of Sumer, including Kish, Uruk, Ur, and Larsa, and reduced to tribute the city-state of Umma, arch-rival of Lagash.


Premise: On what street is the highest concentration of international banks in the US?

Hypothesis: The heart of the city is Downtown Miami and is technically on the eastern side of the city.


Premise: How many people attacked the Yeongcheon police station?

Hypothesis: On 1 October 1946, Korean police killed three students in the Daegu Uprising; protesters counter-attacked, killing 38 policemen.


Premise: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did McCain get?

Hypothesis: On the same day, John McCain won 54.4% of the borough's 5,643 Republican votes, Mitt Romney 20.8%, Mike Huckabee 8.2%, Ron Paul 7.4%, Rudy Giuliani 5.6%, and the other candidates (Fred Thompson, Duncan Hunter and Alan Keyes) 3.6% between them.


Premise: In what year did it became recognize as a landmark?

Hypothesis: It was named a National Historic Landmark in 1970.


Premise: What negative effects can antibiotics have on the vaginal area?

Hypothesis: Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area.


Premise: What were some of the opinions foreign advisers stated about the Burma 2010 elections ?

Hypothesis: Various foreign observers questioned the fairness of the elections.


Premise: What is the federal funds rate?

Hypothesis: In other instances, monetary policy might instead entail the targeting of a specific exchange rate relative to some foreign currency or else relative to gold.


Premise: In what month of 1644 did the Royalists fail to take Redbridge?

Hypothesis: The Royalists advanced as far as Redbridge, Southampton, in March 1644 but were prevented from taking the town.


Premise: Who rejected attempts to introduce the Carnival in Bogotá?

Hypothesis: In the early 20th century, attempts to introduce Carnival in Bogotá were rejected by the government.


Premise: What were the Remonstrance opposed to?

Hypothesis: The signers indicated their "desire therefore in this case not to judge lest we be judged, neither to condemn least we be condemned, but rather let every man stand or fall to his own Master."


Premise: What types of ice storms sometimes hit Richmond?

Hypothesis: Ice storms (freezing rain or glaze) are not uncommon, but they are seldom severe enough to do any considerable damage.


Premise: What can be absent from the bacterial genome?

Hypothesis: For instance, antibacterial resistance genes can be exchanged between different bacterial strains or species via plasmids that carry these resistance genes.


Premise: When was the construction of Wells Cathedral in England begun?

Hypothesis: Wells Cathedral in England, commenced at the eastern end in 1175, was the first building in which the designer broke free from Romanesque forms.


Premise: What is in position to gain control over the rule of law in Thailand?

Hypothesis: Although the Constitution of India may have been intended to provide details that would limit the opportunity for judicial discretion, the more text there is in a constitution the greater opportunity the judiciary may have to exercise judicial review.


Premise: What is on the former site of the Moltacqua track now?

Hypothesis: This historic track held the first organized quarter horse races in the world, and they are still racing there.


Premise: What lubricates the pericardial sac?

Hypothesis: The avian circulatory system is driven by a four-chambered, myogenic heart contained in a fibrous pericardial sac.


Premise: Which two-time Super Bowl winner graduated from BYU?

Hypothesis: Steve Young '84 & J.D. '96, Heisman Trophy winner Ty Detmer '90, and two-time Super Bowl winner Jim McMahon.


Premise: What year did the United States finally adopt Daylight Saving Time?

Hypothesis: The US's 1917 entry to the war overcame objections, and DST was established in 1918.


Premise: Why was Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo imprisoned on the island?

Hypothesis: Napoleon was imprisoned there in exile by the British, as were Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo (for leading a Zulu army against British rule) and more than 5,000 Boers taken prisoner during the Second Boer War.


Premise: What type of yeast is used to make stout and porter beers?

Hypothesis: There are a number of variations including Baltic porter, dry stout, and Imperial stout.


Premise: What military entity did Nasser create in 1961?

Hypothesis: In late 1961, Nasser established the Presidential Council and decreed it the authority to approve all senior military appointments, instead of leaving this responsibility solely to Amer.


Premise: Where is the monastic vinaya displaced and clergy is allowed to marry?

Hypothesis: In Eastern Buddhism, there is also a distinctive Vinaya and ethics contained within the Mahayana Brahmajala Sutra (not to be confused with the Pali text of that name) for Bodhisattvas, where, for example, the eating of meat is frowned upon and vegetarianism is actively encouraged (see vegetarianism in Buddhism).


Premise: What resource is the North Slope known for?

Hypothesis: However, the respective Inupiat of the North Slope and of the Northwest Arctic seldom consider themselves to be one people.


Premise: In the top five largest urban areas in California, where does San Diego rank?

Hypothesis: The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area.


Premise: What is the current international unit of time?

Hypothesis: Currently, the international unit of time, the second, is defined by measuring the electronic transition frequency of caesium atoms (see below).


Premise: What language did 12th century scholars studying Aristotle speak in?

Hypothesis: Some scholars believe that these works represented one of the most important document discoveries in Western intellectual history.


Premise: What was the Gelug not mentioned in?

Hypothesis: On this, historian Li Tieh-tseng says of Tsongkhapa's refusal of Ming invitations to visit the Yongle Emperor's court:


Premise: How many people were injured in Beichuan County?

Hypothesis: 3,000 to 5,000 people were killed in Beichuan County, Sichuan alone; in the same location, 10,000 people were injured and 80% of the buildings were destroyed.


Premise: What is the most famous immune system disease?

Hypothesis: T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).


Premise: When did Hu Yaobang visit Tibet?

Hypothesis: In 1980, General Secretary and reformist Hu Yaobang visited Tibet and ushered in a period of social, political, and economic liberalization.


Premise: What did Wendell B. Blancke investigate at the end of the war?

Hypothesis: Both documents were discovered as part of the microfilmed records in August 1945 by the State Department employee Wendell B. Blancke, head of a special unit called "Exploitation German Archives" (EGA).


Premise: What will Open Client Offering run on?

Hypothesis: This means that "Open Client Offering" is to cut costs of managing whether to use Linux or Apple relative to Windows.


Premise: When did Doordarshan begin broadcasting in Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: Television broadcasting in Hyderabad began in 1974 with the launch of Doordarshan, the Government of India's public service broadcaster, which transmits two free-to-air terrestrial television channels and one satellite channel.


Premise: When did the Chinese economy finally recover after the wars with the Mings?

Hypothesis: In the following century, markets continued to expand as in the late Ming period, but with more trade between regions, a greater dependence on overseas markets and a greatly increased population.


Premise: When was The Sun printed on the Wapping presses for the last time?

Hypothesis: In January 2008 the Wapping presses printed The Sun for the last time and London printing was transferred to Waltham Cross in the Borough of Broxbourne in Hertfordshire, where News International had built what is claimed to be the largest printing centre in Europe with 12 presses.


Premise: Traditionally, what political spectrum did The Times support?

Hypothesis: Though traditionally a moderate newspaper and sometimes a supporter of the Conservative Party, it supported the Labour Party in the 2001 and 2005 general elections.


Premise: What is the rate of interreligious marriage in France?

Hypothesis: Rates of interreligious marriage vary widely: In the United States, it is just under 50%, in the United Kingdom, around 53%; in France; around 30%, and in Australia and Mexico, as low as 10%.


Premise: How many units are in the Nehemiah Homes?

Hypothesis: Groups affiliated with churches in the South Bronx erected the Nehemiah Homes with about 1,000 units.


Premise: What's the abbreviation for a printed wiring board?

Hypothesis: When the board has no embedded components it is more correctly called a printed wiring board (PWB) or etched wiring board.


Premise: Who wrote The Travels of Marco Polo?

Hypothesis: In the late 13th century new land and sea routes to the Far East were pioneered, famously described in The Travels of Marco Polo written by one of the traders, Marco Polo (d. 1324).


Premise: Which diminutive of "bloem" means a "bouquet"?

Hypothesis: "small flower"), but bloemetje (lit. also "small flower", meaning bouquet).


Premise: By which language was the Astur-Leonese replaced?

Hypothesis: This began occurring when the Kingdom of Leon and the Kingdom of Castile united and the Castilian Language (known as Spanish) slowly over the centuries began influencing the Galician Language and then trying to replace it.


Premise: Which old english word does the word "green" originate from?

Hypothesis: It is the color of living grass and leaves and as a result is the color most associated with springtime, growth and nature.


Premise: What two fields remained largely positivist?

Hypothesis: During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed]


Premise: The majority of Chopin's compositions were for what instrument?

Hypothesis: He gained and has maintained renown worldwide as one of the leading musicians of his era, whose "poetic genius was based on a professional technique that was without equal in his generation.


Premise: The royal courts sponsored both Buddhism and what?

Hypothesis: The Mañjusrimulakalpa, which later came to classified under Kriyatantra, states that mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda and Vaisnava tantras will be effective if applied by Buddhists since they were all taught originally by Manjushri.


Premise: After what movie portraying Etta James, did Beyonce create Sasha Fierce?

Hypothesis: Her marriage to rapper Jay Z and portrayal of Etta James in Cadillac Records (2008) influenced her third album, I Am...


Premise: Who created the first rabies vaccine?

Hypothesis: The first diphtheria vaccines were produced in 1914 from a mixture of diphtheria toxin and antitoxin (produced from the serum of an inoculated animal), but the safety of the inoculation was marginal and it was not widely used.


Premise: What was the annual rate of decrease for the output of goods and services produced by labor and property in 4Q 2008 and 1Q 2009?

Hypothesis: The output of goods and services produced by labor and property located in the United States—decreased at an annual rate of approximately 6% in the fourth quarter of 2008 and first quarter of 2009, versus activity in the year-ago periods.


Premise: What German war policy precipitated US involvement in WWI?

Hypothesis: In 1917 the Germans resumed submarine attacks, knowing that it would lead to American entry.


Premise: Is a species always the antagonist in a mobbing attack, or can it play roles on both sides?

Hypothesis: Mobbing can be an interspecies activity: it is common for birds to respond to mobbing calls of a different species.


Premise: What does émouvoir mean in English?

Hypothesis: The word "emotion" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means "to stir up".


Premise: What branch of the Uralic language family does Estonian belong to?

Hypothesis: Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities.


Premise: What are some examples of Armenian folk music instruments?

Hypothesis: Instruments like the duduk, the dhol, the zurna, and the kanun are commonly found in Armenian folk music.


Premise: What does the tragic octoroon point out?

Hypothesis: This character allowed abolitionists to draw attention to the sexual exploitation in slavery and, unlike portrayals of the suffering of the field hands, did not allow slaveholders to retort that the sufferings of Northern mill hands were no easier.


Premise: Did all the people want him as Patriarch?

Hypothesis: In consequence of his recommendation, the bishops of all Egypt assembled at Alexandria, and finding the people and clergy unanimous in their choice of Athanasius for patriarch, they confirmed the election about the middle of year 326.


Premise: What company made the U-2?

Hypothesis: With Eisenhower's leadership and Dulles' direction, CIA activities increased under the pretense of resisting the spread of communism in poorer countries; the CIA in part deposed the leaders of Iran in Operation Ajax, of Guatemala through Operation Pbsuccess, and possibly the newly independent Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville).


Premise: Along with sociology and behavioral sciences, what discipline informs the field of criminology?

Hypothesis: In criminology, a social science approach to the study of crime, scholars often draw on behavioral sciences, sociology, and psychology; emotions are examined in criminology issues such as anomie theory and studies of "toughness," aggressive behavior, and hooliganism.


Premise: Which protestants were the first to reach out to the Catholic church in 1964 in Iceland?

Hypothesis: The Reformed Churches entered four years later into a dialogue with the Catholic Church.


Premise: Neo-Georgain style was common in Britain until the end of which decade?

Hypothesis: The revived Georgian style that emerged in Britain at the beginning of the 20th century is usually referred to as Neo-Georgian; the work of Edwin Lutyens includes many examples.


Premise: How many bombs had been dropped?

Hypothesis: Most people aged 35 or over remembered the threat and greeted the bombings with great trepidation.


Premise: What is the population of New York City as of 2014?

Hypothesis: With a census-estimated 2014 population of 8,491,079 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2)


Premise: What was the expression of Nasser's reforms on the street?

Hypothesis: Nasser also attempted to maintain oversight of the country's civil service to prevent it from inflating and consequently becoming a burden to the state.


Premise: What did Lodygin use as a burner in his lamp?

Hypothesis: He used as a burner two carbon rods of diminished section in a glass receiver, hermetically sealed, and filled with nitrogen, electrically arranged so that the current could be passed to the second carbon when the first had been consumed.


Premise: What type of bacteria-attacking medicine will treat tuberculosis?

Hypothesis: Treatment with appropriate antibiotics kills bacteria and allows healing to take place.


Premise: What type of musician is Sahan Arzruni?

Hypothesis: Certain Armenians settled to sing non-Armenian tunes such as the heavy metal band System of a Down (which nonetheless often incorporates traditional Armenian instrumentals and styling into their songs) or pop star Cher.


Premise: What does Tajikistan mean?

Hypothesis: Tajikistan means the "Land of the Tajiks".


Premise: When did Greece adopt the Euro as its currency?

Hypothesis: In 2001 Greece adopted the euro as its currency, replacing the Greek drachma at an exchange rate of 340.75 drachmae per euro.


Premise: What country paid for the stadium through aid money?

Hypothesis: The relay began at the grand terminal of the TAZARA Railway, which was China's largest foreign aid project of the 1970s, and continued for 5 km through the old city to the Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium in Temeke, which was built with Chinese aid in 2005.


Premise: What is a huge concern for SASO?

Hypothesis: Of all the questions on the scale, Sell considered those assessing sexual attraction to be the most important as sexual attraction is a better reflection of the concept of sexual orientation which he defined as "extent of sexual attractions toward members of the other, same, both sexes or neither" than either sexual identity or sexual behavior.


Premise: Who is the Brown School's current Dean?

Hypothesis: The school's current dean is Edward F. Lawlor.


Premise: When is the double indirect method of mosaic useful?

Hypothesis: The double indirect method can be used when it is important to see the work during the creation process as it will appear when completed.


Premise: Along with Coconut Grove and Coral Way, what is notably present in southern Miami?

Hypothesis: The southern side of Miami includes Coral Way, The Roads and Coconut Grove.


Premise: What convention recognizes Russian in Georgia?

Hypothesis: In Georgia Russian has no official status, but it's recognised as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities.


Premise: What was Northwestern's founding purpose in 1851?

Hypothesis: Northwestern was founded in 1851 by John Evans, for whom the City of Evanston is named, and eight other lawyers, businessmen and Methodist leaders.


Premise: What alcohol was regarded as evil when compared to beer?

Hypothesis: Young children were often given what was described as small beer, which was brewed to have a low alcohol content, as the local water was often unsafe.


Premise: What apps can one expect the Photos app to match with?

Hypothesis: Apps can also provide integration with other services; for example, the People app can connect to a variety of different social networks and services (such as Facebook, Skype, and People service), while the Photos app can aggregate photos from services such as Facebook and Flickr.


Premise: Who played Mary Todd Lincoln in 'Lincoln'?

Hypothesis: Spielberg next directed the historical drama film Lincoln, starring Daniel Day-Lewis as United States President Abraham Lincoln and Sally Field as Mary Todd Lincoln.


Premise: Where did Liszt and Chopin last perform together?

Hypothesis: Their last appearance together in public was for a charity concert conducted for the Beethoven Memorial in Bonn, held at the Salle Pleyel and the Paris Conservatory on 25 and 26 April 1841.


Premise: When did the U.S. Senate first pass a financial reform bill?

Hypothesis: The U.S. Senate passed a reform bill in May 2010, following the House which passed a bill in December 2009.


Premise: What modern language does not have a T-Y distinction?

Hypothesis: This feature implies the use of a different set of second person pronouns for formality.


Premise: Does the scientific community agree that earthquake prediction is possible?

Hypothesis: Following the quake, experts and the general public sought information on whether or not the earthquake could have been predicted in advance, and whether or not studying statistics related to the quake could result in better prediction of earthquakes in the future.


Premise: As of 2011, how many members were in The Renewed Presbyterian Church in Brazil?

Hypothesis: The Renewed Presbyterian Church in Brazil was influenced by the charismatic movement and has about 131 000 members as of 2011.


Premise: Who said "Connectedness begets vulnerability?"

Hypothesis: More and more critical infrastructure is being controlled via computer programs that, while increasing efficiency, exposes new vulnerabilities.


Premise: Beyonce's first world tour was when?

Hypothesis: In April 2007, Beyoncé embarked on The Beyoncé Experience, her first worldwide concert tour, visiting 97 venues and grossed over $24 million.[note 1]


Premise: Since when has Montana been a destination for trout fisheries?

Hypothesis: Montana has been a destination for its world-class trout fisheries since the 1930s.


Premise: What is the name of Everton's official supporters club?

Hypothesis: The official supporters club is FOREVERTON, and there are also several fanzines including When Skies are Grey and Speke from the Harbour, which are sold around Goodison Park on match days.


Premise: Which shuttle disintegrated in 1986 to cause a decline in the space industry?

Hypothesis: In the late 1980s, the city's economy suffered from the nationwide recession.


Premise: What was home to the warlord Yan Baihu?

Hypothesis: At the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era (220–280 CE), Zhejiang was home to the warlords Yan Baihu and Wang Lang prior to their defeat by Sun Ce and Sun Quan, who eventually established the Kingdom of Wu.


Premise: How much does the Swiss autoroute network charge for a toll sticker to use Swiss roadways for a year?

Hypothesis: The Swiss autobahn/autoroute system requires the purchase of a vignette (toll sticker)—which costs 40 Swiss francs—for one calendar year in order to use its roadways, for both passenger cars and trucks.


Premise: What is federalist paper no. 39?

Hypothesis: 39 that the US Constitution "is in strictness neither a national nor a federal constitution; but a composition of both.


Premise: When were the Marshal Islands first settled?

Hypothesis: Micronesians settled the Marshall Islands in the 2nd millennium BC, but there are no historical or oral records of that period.


Premise: What law was signed on Sep 14, 2001?

Hypothesis: The Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists or "AUMF" was made law on 14 September 2001, to authorize the use of United States Armed Forces against those responsible for the attacks on 11 September 2001.


Premise: What is one reason the world population of Jews difficult to determine?

Hypothesis: The exact world Jewish population, however, is difficult to measure.


Premise: How many border crossings does San Diego share with Mexico?

Hypothesis: A second, primarily commercial border crossing operates in the Otay Mesa area; it is the largest commercial crossing on the California-Baja California border and handles the third-highest volume of trucks and dollar value of trade among all United States-Mexico land crossings.


Premise: When did the Valencia metro derail?

Hypothesis: The Valencia Metro derailment occurred on 3 July 2006 at 1 pm.


Premise: In what country did the Cathars grow to represent a popular movement?

Hypothesis: Heresy was a major justification for the Inquisition (Inquisitio Haereticae Pravitatis, Inquiry on Heretical Perversity) and for the European wars of religion associated with the Protestant Reformation.


Premise: What is one of the activities Telugu Academy is credited with encouraging?

Hypothesis: Organisations engaged in the advancement of literature include the Sahitya Akademi, the Urdu Academy, the Telugu Academy, the National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language, the Comparative Literature Association of India, and the Andhra Saraswata Parishad.


Premise: What do crickets do in order to attract or repel a mate?

Hypothesis: Insects can communicate with each other in a variety of ways.


Premise: What fruits are commonly used in foods?

Hypothesis: Pourgouri (bulgur, cracked wheat) is the traditional source of carbohydrate other than bread, and is used to make the delicacy koubes.


Premise: How many hours of bright sunshine does Nanjing get each year?

Hypothesis: However, the time from mid-June to the end of July is the plum blossom blooming season in which the meiyu (rainy season of East Asia; literally "plum rain") occurs, during which the city experiences a period of mild rain as well as dampness.


Premise: What is Detroit's charter called?

Hypothesis: The city is governed pursuant to the Home Rule Charter of the City of Detroit.


Premise: in British indian a jugde had to come from where to oversee the  legal system?

Hypothesis: The company was allowed to maintain its virtual monopoly over trade in exchange for the biennial sum and was obligated to export a minimum quantity of goods yearly to Britain.


Premise: What was the name of the Shell Group's new parent company?

Hypothesis: The shares of the company were issued at a 60/40 advantage for the shareholders of Royal Dutch in line with the original ownership of the Shell Group.


Premise: When did construction finish on Devonport Leat?

Hypothesis: It seems to have been carrying water since 1797, but it was officially completed in 1801.


Premise: What is an example of a Dutch word that has double vowels or consonants five times in a row?

Hypothesis: An example of five consecutive doubled letters is the word voorraaddoos (food storage container).


Premise: What are the main focus?

Hypothesis: Male athletes are judged on some of the same physical abilities and skills as their female counterparts, such as hand/body-eye co-ordination, but tumbling, strength, power, and martial arts skills are the main focus, as opposed to flexibility and dance in women's rhythmic gymnastics.


Premise: What is the largest residential college?

Hypothesis: Several are associated with members of the Vanderbilt family, including Vanderbilt Hall, Phelps Hall, St. Anthony Hall (a commission for member Frederick William Vanderbilt), the Mason, Sloane and Osborn laboratories, dormitories for the Sheffield Scientific School (the engineering and sciences school at Yale until 1956) and elements of Silliman College, the largest residential college.


Premise: Where does the Jordan Rift Valley lie?

Hypothesis: However Israel is so narrow that the exclusive economic zone in the Mediterranean is double the land area of the country.


Premise: What was Spielberg's future wife's career?

Hypothesis: It was on this project that Spielberg also met his future wife, actress Kate Capshaw.


Premise: When did Donna Summer help the contestants during the final rounds?

Hypothesis: Guest judges were used in the audition rounds for seasons four, six, nine, and fourteen such as Gene Simmons and LL Cool J in season four, Jewel and Olivia Newton-John in season six, Shania Twain in season eight, Neil Patrick Harris, Avril Lavigne and Katy Perry in season nine, and season eight runner-up, Adam Lambert, in season fourteen.


Premise: What was the name of the blockade and bombing of Japan planed to make them surrender?

Hypothesis: Another argument in favor of the atomic bombs is that they helped avoid Operation Downfall, or a prolonged blockade and bombing campaign, any of which would have exacted much higher casualties among Japanese civilians.


Premise: What other famous landmark in Ravenna was established by Galla Placidia?

Hypothesis: Another great building established by Galla Placidia was the church of San Giovanni Evangelista.


Premise: Who's attack resulted in victory at Hoengseong?

Hypothesis: In mid-February, the PVA counterattacked with the Fourth Phase Offensive and achieved initial victory at Hoengseong.


Premise: What can early childhood malnutrition cause?

Hypothesis: Further, evidence suggests that diarrheal disease has significant impacts on mental development and health; it has been shown that, even when controlling for helminth infection and early breastfeeding, children who had experienced severe diarrhea had significantly lower scores on a series of tests of intelligence.


Premise: In what year did Wigner win Nobel Prize?

Hypothesis: When asked why the Hungary of his generation had produced so many geniuses, Wigner, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963, replied that von Neumann was the only genius.


Premise: What can garments made with kevlar resist?

Hypothesis: Some practical advances already available to consumers are bullet-resistant garments made with kevlar and stain-resistant fabrics that are coated with chemical mixtures that reduce the absorption of liquids.


Premise: What is the name of the region that surrounds Boston?

Hypothesis: The Neponset River forms the boundary between Boston's southern neighborhoods and the city of Quincy and the town of Milton.


Premise: When did Nigeria get independence?

Hypothesis: Ethnocentrism, tribalism, religious persecution, and prebendalism have affected Nigerian politics both prior and subsequent to independence in 1960.


Premise: Who told the media that Chinese diplomats were arranging a "peaceful show of strength"?

Hypothesis: Zhang Rongan, a Chinese Australian student organising pro-Beijing demonstrations, told the press that Chinese diplomats were assisting with the organization of buses, meals and accommodation for pro-Beijing demonstrators, and helping them organise a "peaceful show of strength".


Premise: What does "Meija era"

Hypothesis: This era name means "Enlightened Rule".


Premise: Un what decade did Clark develop the hot water removal process?

Hypothesis: The process used to extract the bitumen from the sand is a hot water process originally developed by Dr. Karl Clark of the University of Alberta during the 1920s.


Premise: International Radio introduced which mass produced product from the city of Ann Arbor?

Hypothesis: The Argus camera company, originally a subsidiary of International Radio, manufactured cameras in Ann Arbor from 1936 to the 1960s.


Premise: What was the earliest year in recorded history that uranium oxide was used?

Hypothesis: The use of uranium in its natural oxide form dates back to at least the year 79 CE, when it was used to add a yellow color to ceramic glazes.


Premise: The remains of an unknown ancient structure found on the River Thames foreshore dated back to approximately what year?

Hypothesis: In 1999, the remains of a Bronze Age bridge were found on the foreshore north of Vauxhall Bridge.


Premise: What kind of giant insect form had wingspans?

Hypothesis: The lack of flying vertebrates could have been another factor.


Premise: How many homes were destroyed in the Cedar Fire?

Hypothesis: In October 2003, San Diego was the site of the Cedar Fire, which has been called the largest wildfire in California over the past century.


Premise: What denominations are considered to be better educated than most other groups?

Hypothesis: Numbers of the most wealthy and affluent American families as the Vanderbilts and the Astors, Rockefeller, Du Pont, Roosevelt, Forbes, Whitneys, the Morgans and Harrimans are Mainline Protestant families.


Premise: In what year were twice as many glacial earthquakes seen than in any other year in Greenland?

Hypothesis: The number of glacial earthquakes in Greenland peaks every year in July, August and September and is increasing over time.


Premise: What was South Vietnam called in 1955?

Hypothesis: In late 1954, Gen. J. Lawton Collins was made ambassador to "Free Vietnam" (the term South Vietnam came into use in 1955), effectively elevating the country to sovereign status.


Premise: What percentage of the Nicaraguan population are indigenous?

Hypothesis: About 5% of the Nicaraguan population are indigenous.


Premise: What did radical adaptations seem to have required?

Hypothesis: Flowering plants may have evolved in an isolated setting like an island or island chain, where the plants bearing them were able to develop a highly specialized relationship with some specific animal (a wasp, for example).


Premise: What type of federal assistance depends on Census data?

Hypothesis: The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity.


Premise: Until what year did the Ottomans retain a band of territory including Albania, Macedonia and Thrace?

Hypothesis: Up until 1912 the Ottomans retained a band of territory including Albania, Macedonia and Thrace, which were lost in the two Balkan Wars of 1912–13.


Premise: When were the last of the six great north faces of the Alps climbed?

Hypothesis: By the mid-1850s Swiss mountaineers had ascended most of the peaks and were eagerly sought as mountain guides.


Premise: What are the devotional practices?

Hypothesis: Devotion is an important part of the practice of most Buddhists.


Premise: What is the Muslim population in Himachal Pradesh?

Hypothesis: The Muslims constitute slightly 2.18% of the population of Himachal Pradesh.


Premise: Who was the founder of Hasidic Judaism?

Hypothesis: It is also the view of the Liberal Catholic Church; Theosophy; some views of Hinduism except Vaishnavism, which believes in panentheism; Sikhism; some divisions of Neopaganism and Taoism, along with many varying denominations and individuals within denominations.


Premise: What does Iglesia Punta Carretas mean?

Hypothesis: It has a nave and aisles.


Premise: What year did New Haven became a host for the Specials Olympics?

Hypothesis: New Haven was the host of the 1995 Special Olympics World Summer Games; then-President Bill Clinton spoke at the opening ceremonies.


Premise: Why did the Soviet government fear the governments of France and Britain?

Hypothesis: Britain and France believed that war could still be avoided, and that the Soviet Union, weakened by the Great Purge, could not be a main military participant, a point that many military sources were at variance with, especially Soviet victories over the Japanese Kwantung army on the Manchurian frontier.


Premise: Besides being club president, what was Sunyol involved in to have caused his murder?

Hypothesis: On 6 August, Falangist soldiers near Guadarrama murdered club president Josep Sunyol, a representative of the pro-independence political party.


Premise: What sort  of practices did the Greeks offer to Rome's culture?

Hypothesis: The Romans are known for the great number of deities they honored, a capacity that earned the mockery of early Christian polemicists.


Premise: What code eventually became neglected?

Hypothesis: Because the keytop for the O key also showed a left-arrow symbol (from ASCII-1963, which had this character instead of underscore), a noncompliant use of code 15 (Control-O, Shift In) interpreted as "delete previous character" was also adopted by many early timesharing systems but eventually became neglected.


Premise: Which Southampton theatre won The Stage Award for Best Regional Theatre for 2015?

Hypothesis: It was awarded The Stage Award for Best Regional Theatre in 2015.


Premise: Where is Hokkien spoken?

Hypothesis: ; simplified Chinese: 福建话; pinyin: Fújiànhuà; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hok-kiàn oē) or Quanzhang (Quanzhou–Zhangzhou / Chinchew–Changchew; BP: Zuánziū–Ziāngziū) is a group of mutually intelligible Min Nan Chinese dialects spoken throughout Southeast Asia, Taiwan, and by many other overseas Chinese.


Premise: What was Kanye second arrest for?

Hypothesis: West was arrested again on November 14, 2008 at the Hilton hotel near Gateshead after another scuffle involving a photographer outside the famous Tup Tup Palace nightclub in Newcastle upon Tyne.


Premise: What was the name of the poem by Goethe?

Hypothesis: A poignant retelling of this event based on what Goethe had personally witnessed can be found in his long poem Hermann and Dorothea.


Premise: What was the BCCI report called?

Hypothesis: In December 1992, Kerry and Senator Hank Brown, a Republican from Colorado, released The BCCI Affair, a report on the BCCI scandal.


Premise: Use of cotton in Iran dates back to what period?

Hypothesis: The planting of cotton was common in Merv, Ray and Pars of Iran.


Premise: What was the league renamed after the title sponsorship deal?

Hypothesis: It was announced on December 12, 2012, that the AFL reached a partnership agreement with NET10 Wireless to be the first non-motorsports-related professional sports league in the United States to have a title sponsor, renaming it the NET10 Wireless Arena Football League.


Premise: What act alone had power in Roman thought?

Hypothesis: Prayer by itself, however, had independent power.


Premise: Who was against all of the celebrations of Mary 's her birth ?

Hypothesis: Critics included Saints Bernard of Clairvaux, Albertus Magnus and Thomas Aquinas.


Premise: What is the name of one interstitial alloy?

Hypothesis: With the interstitial mechanism, one atom is usually much smaller than the other, so cannot successfully replace an atom in the crystals of the base metal.


Premise: When were albums as we currently know them widely released?

Hypothesis: When the 12-inch vinyl LP era began in 1949, the single record often had the same or similar number of tunes as a typical album of 78s, and was still often referred to as an "album".


Premise: Which countries worked together to bomb ISIS on Sep 21-22, 2014?

Hypothesis: On the night of 21/22 September the United States, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the UAE, Jordan and Qatar started air attacks against ISIS in Syria.[citation needed]


Premise: In what years did Peruvian ships seek laborers in the Polynesian islands?

Hypothesis: For less than a year between 1862–63, Peruvian ships, engaged in what became to be called the "blackbirding" trade, combed the smaller islands of Polynesia from Easter Island in the eastern Pacific to Tuvalu and the southern atolls of the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati), seeking recruits to fill the extreme labour shortage in Peru.


Premise: What group polled the 27 EU member states in 2010?

Hypothesis: In 2010, Eurobarometer polled the twenty-seven EU member states about the target "to increase the share of renewable energy in the EU by 20 percent by 2020".


Premise: How many polarizations will a antenna have when mounted vertically?

Hypothesis: Thus, a simple straight wire antenna will have one polarization when mounted vertically, and a different polarization when mounted horizontally.


Premise: What was the month and year when England banned public smoking?

Hypothesis: In March 2006, a law was introduced to forbid smoking in all enclosed public places in Scotland.


Premise: The first Home Rule bill would have given Ireland less self-control than what other territory?

Hypothesis: Although the bill, if passed, would have granted Ireland less autonomy within the UK than the Canadian provinces had within their own federation, many MPs feared that a partially independent Ireland might pose a security threat to Great Britain or mark the beginning of the break-up of the empire.


Premise: Who released the audio player?

Hypothesis: The popularity of MP3s began to rise rapidly with the advent of Nullsoft's audio player Winamp, released in 1997.


Premise: What did Eisenhower have in common with presidents Taylor, Grant, Taft and Hoover?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower was the only general to serve as President in the 20th century and the most recent President to have never held elected office prior to the Presidency (The other Presidents who did not have prior elected office were Zachary Taylor, Ulysses S. Grant, William Howard Taft and Herbert Hoover).


Premise: What was done to the Quranic text early in its history leaving few markedly different variants?

Hypothesis: After the creation of this standardized canonical text, earlier authoritative texts were suppressed, and all extant manuscripts—despite their numerous variants—seem to date to a time after this standard consonantal text was established."


Premise: Which church in the state has the largest amount of members?

Hypothesis: The Protestant Evangelical Church in Germany has had the largest number of members in the state, adhered to by 24.0% of the population in 2009.


Premise: Who are the Quechua and Chorote?

Hypothesis: The languages of the Diaguita, Tehuelche, and Selknam nations have become extinct or virtually extinct: the Cacán language (spoken by Diaguitas) in the 18th century and the Selknam language in the 20th century; one Tehuelche language (Southern Tehuelche) is still spoken by a handful of elderly people.


Premise: When was Clinton v. City of New York decided by the Supreme Court?

Hypothesis: Congress has the sole power to legislate for the United States.


Premise: According to Norbu who failed to realize the significance of the religious aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship?

Hypothesis: With the example of the Ming court's relationship with the fifth Karmapa and other Tibetan leaders, Norbu states that Chinese Communist historians have failed to realize the significance of the religious aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship.


Premise: What was the name of the famous telelgram?

Hypothesis: The immediate cause of the war resided in the candidacy of a Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, a Prussian prince, to the throne of Spain.


Premise: What does the World Health Organization say about Solar water disinfection?

Hypothesis: It is recommended by the World Health Organization as a viable method for household water treatment and safe storage.


Premise: Which two residences did Albert buy from Edward?

Hypothesis: George VI was also forced to buy from Edward the royal residences of Balmoral Castle and Sandringham House, as these were private properties and did not pass to George VI automatically.


Premise: In what year was the foundation stone of New Delhi laid?

Hypothesis: The foundation stone of the city was laid by George V, Emperor of India during the Delhi Durbar of 1911.


Premise: What kind of appearance did Sumerian houses have?

Hypothesis: According to Archibald Sayce, the primitive pictograms of the early Sumerian (i.e. Uruk) era suggest that "Stone was scarce, but was already cut into blocks and seals.


Premise: What do the dialects of Catalan feature?

Hypothesis: The dialects of the Catalan language feature a relative uniformity, especially when compared to other Romance languages; both in terms of vocabulary, semantics, syntax, morphology, and phonology.


Premise: When was the first overseas deployment of the Canadian Military?

Hypothesis: The Canadian Crown-in-Council then decided to send its forces into the Second World War, as well as the Korean War.


Premise: Did number of cat of arms in the late middle ages fall?

Hypothesis: Logically, the number of coats of arms in this system was rather low and did not exceed 200 in late Middle Ages (40,000 in the late 18th century).


Premise: When was the time limit on video length first enacted on youtube?

Hypothesis: Users who have a good track record of complying with the site's Community Guidelines may be offered the ability to upload videos up to 12 hours in length, which requires verifying the account, normally through a mobile phone.


Premise: Why should noise-based speed be rounded down to a lower standard?

Hypothesis: If the noise-based speed (40:1) is lower than the saturation-based speed, or undefined because of high noise, the saturation-based speed is specified, rounded upwards to a standard value, because using the noise-based speed would lead to overexposed images.


Premise: Who did The Times support in 2012 for the election of the U.S. president?

Hypothesis: In November 2012, it endorsed a second term for Barack Obama although it also expressed reservations about his foreign policy.


Premise: What was on HD1 for 4 or 5 hours per day?

Hypothesis: Euro1080, a division of the former and now bankrupt Belgian TV services company Alfacam, broadcast HDTV channels to break the pan-European stalemate of "no HD broadcasts mean no HD TVs bought means no HD broadcasts ..." and kick-start HDTV interest in Europe.


Premise: What kind of an oath do Masons take when they join?

Hypothesis: Alluding to the membership of a lodge of operative masons, they relate a mythologised history of the craft, the duties of its grades, and the manner in which oaths of fidelity are to be taken on joining.


Premise: how did producers sometimes make edits of house music?

Hypothesis: Some made and played their own edits of their favorite songs on reel-to-reel tape, and sometimes mixed in effects, drum machines, and other rhythmic electronic instrumentation.


Premise: What does the Dutch word "vertaling" roughly translate to?

Hypothesis: The modern Romance languages use equivalents of the English term "translation" that are derived from that same Latin source or from the alternative Latin traducere ("to lead across" or "to bring across").


Premise: Where was Saint Denis beheaded?

Hypothesis: According to tradition, it was brought by Saint Denis, the first Bishop of Paris.


Premise: Where does the annual "Brotherhood and Unity" relay race end?

Hypothesis: The relay is a left-over from Yugoslav times, when young people made a similar yearly trek on foot through Yugoslavia that ended in Belgrade with a massive celebration.


Premise: How many books are housed at the Theodore Hesburgh Library?

Hypothesis: The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people.


Premise: What lab association did Bell and Tainter both eventually join?

Hypothesis: Both men later became full associates in the Volta Laboratory Association.


Premise: Does IRENE require the  ability to touch the media?

Hypothesis: IRENE will retrieve the information from a laterally modulated monaural grooved sound source without touching the medium itself, but cannot read vertically modulated information.


Premise: When was the great battle of Raphia?

Hypothesis: Ptolemy IV won the great battle of Raphia (217 BCE) against the Seleucids, using native Egyptians trained as phalangites.


Premise: Who was the first torchbearer in Macao?

Hypothesis: It was the first time that the Olympic torch had traveled to Macau.


Premise: What year did Hurrican Hazel hit North Carolina?

Hypothesis: Destructive hurricanes that have struck the state include Hurricane Fran, Hurricane Floyd, and Hurricane Hazel, the strongest storm to make landfall in the state, as a Category 4 in 1954.


Premise: When did the US control Greenland?

Hypothesis: During World War II, when Denmark was occupied by Nazi Germany, the United States briefly controlled Greenland for battlefields and protection.


Premise: Who was responsible for yet another definition of the philosophy in 1856?

Hypothesis: In 1808 Bavarian educational commissioner Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer coined the term Humanismus to describe the new classical curriculum he planned to offer in German secondary schools, and by 1836 the word "humanism" had been absorbed into the English language in this sense.


Premise: What company took over as American Idols music label in 2010?

Hypothesis: Sony Music was partnered with American Idol and distribute its music, and In 2010, Sony was replaced by as the music label for American Idol by UMG's Interscope-Geffen-A&M Records.


Premise: What is the Latin form of Chopin's name?

Hypothesis: The parish baptismal record gives his birthday as 22 February 1810, and cites his given names in the Latin form Fridericus Franciscus (in Polish, he was Fryderyk Franciszek).


Premise: Who released the prisoners in the 1950s?

Hypothesis: On July 25, 1987, 300 Crimean Tatars staged a noisy demonstration near the Kremlin Wall for several hours, calling for the right to return to their homeland, from which they were deported in 1944; police and soldiers merely looked on.


Premise: Where was Tharapita born in his legend story?

Hypothesis: The story of Tharapita's or Taara's flight from Vironia to Saaremaa has been associated with a major meteor disaster estimated to have happened in 660 ± 85 BC that formed Kaali crater in Saaremaa.


Premise: Why does geography have an effect of the amount of solar energy available?

Hypothesis: This limits the amount of energy that solar panels can absorb in one day.


Premise: In what year was Tony Chebatoris killed?

Hypothesis: (However, the United States government executed Tony Chebatoris at the Federal Correctional Institution in Milan, Michigan in 1938.)


Premise: What three treaties exist for unclaimed lands?

Hypothesis: There are four categories of terra nullius, land that is unclaimed by any state: the small unclaimed territory of Bir Tawil between Egypt and Sudan, Antarctica, the oceans, and celestial bodies such as the Moon or Mars.


Premise: What was the name of the manservent that Victoria had in the 1860's?

Hypothesis: The story of their relationship was the subject of the 1997 movie Mrs. Brown.


Premise: what did the voting rights act provide for

Hypothesis: The following year, Congress passed and President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965, providing for oversight of state practices and enforcement of constitutional voting rights for African Americans and other minorities in order to prevent the discrimination and disenfranchisement that had excluded most of them for decades from the political process.


Premise: What have differences among groups not typically been perceived as being?

Hypothesis: In this way the idea of race as we understand it today came about during the historical process of exploration and conquest which brought Europeans into contact with groups from different continents, and of the ideology of classification and typology found in the natural sciences.


Premise: What supply port was opened late in 1944?

Hypothesis: However, due to Eisenhower's persistence, the pivotal supply port at Antwerp was successfully, albeit belatedly, opened in late 1944, and victory became a more distinct probability.


Premise: Which company moved it's world headquarters to Detroit in 2010?

Hypothesis: A number of the city's downtown employers are relatively new, as there has been a marked trend of companies moving from satellite suburbs around Metropolitan Detroit into the downtown core.[citation needed]


Premise: What was the Earl of Cambridge's first name?

Hypothesis: They were found guilty and summarily executed outside the Bargate.


Premise: What was it's total population back in 1900?

Hypothesis: The population of the city of A Coruña in 1900 was 43,971.


Premise: Pectoralis account for what percentage of total mass of a bird?

Hypothesis: Birds have various adaptations for flight, including a lightweight skeleton, two large flight muscles, the pectoralis (which accounts for 15% of the total mass of the bird) and the supracoracoideus, as well as a modified forelimb (wing) that serves as an aerofoil.


Premise: How many militia reservists joined in on rescue efforts?

Hypothesis: At the start of rescue operations on May 12, 20 helicopters were deployed for the delivery of food, water, and emergency aid, and also the evacuation of the injured and reconnaissance of quake-stricken areas.


Premise: How many homeless shelters are in Paris?

Hypothesis: The city of Paris has sixty homeless shelters, called Centres d'hébergement et de réinsertion sociale or CHRS, which are funded by the city and operated by private charities and associations.


Premise: What breed of chicken is named after a town in Java ?

Hypothesis: The name derives from the town of Bantam in Java where European sailors bought the local small chickens for their shipboard supplies.


Premise: When did Madonna embark on the Rebel Heart Tour?

Hypothesis: The dispute started when Rocco decided to continue living at England with Ritchie when the Rebel Heart Tour had visited there, while Madonna wanted him to return with her.


Premise: What year did Chopin return to Berlin?

Hypothesis: In September 1828 Chopin, while still a student, visited Berlin with a family friend, zoologist Feliks Jarocki, enjoying operas directed by Gaspare Spontini and attending concerts by Carl Friedrich Zelter, Felix Mendelssohn and other celebrities.


Premise: Why is a BeiDou-1 ground terminal so expensive?

Hypothesis: In 2008, a BeiDou-1 ground terminal cost around CN¥20,000RMB (US$2,929), almost 10 times the price of a contemporary GPS terminal.


Premise: Napoleon accompanied Victoria and Alber to what city diring the visit?

Hypothesis: Napoleon III, since the Crimean War Britain's closest ally, visited London in April 1855, and from 17 to 28 August the same year Victoria and Albert returned the visit.


Premise: What is phenomenalism?

Hypothesis: Phenomenalism is the view that physical objects, properties, events (whatever is physical) are reducible to mental objects, properties, events.


Premise: What system delegates military and foreign affairs to the central government and local affairs to the city states?

Hypothesis: These federations involved a central government which controlled foreign policy and military affairs, while leaving most of the local governing to the city states, a system termed sympoliteia.


Premise: Who wrote critically in The Independent about Hopkins?

Hypothesis: Simon Usborne, writing in The Independent, compared her use of the word "cockroach" to previous uses by the Nazis and just before the Rwandan Genocide by its perpetrators.


Premise: Who used arquebuses a lot?

Hypothesis: Oda Nobunaga made innovations in the fields of organization and war tactics, heavily used arquebuses, developed commerce and industry and treasured innovation.


Premise: When did Lancashire emerge as a major commercialand industrial region?

Hypothesis: Blackpool was a centre for tourism for the inhabitants of Lancashire's mill towns, particularly during wakes week.


Premise: Who did Rome fight in the Fourth Macedonian War?

Hypothesis: The Fourth Macedonian War, 150 to 148 BC, was fought against a Macedonian pretender to the throne who was again destabilizing Greece by trying to re-establish the old kingdom.


Premise: Who offered Revel $261 million in state tax credits?

Hypothesis: Ten months later, in February 2013, after serious losses and a write-down in the value of the resort from $2.4 billion to $450 million, Revel filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.


Premise: In 1169, Ireland was invaded by which people?

Hypothesis: At the invitation of a provincial king and under the authority of Pope Adrian IV (the only Englishman to be elected pope), the Angevins invaded Ireland in 1169.


Premise: What was the name of the Spanish man that met the people in Joara?

Hypothesis: Although the Spanish never returned to the interior, this effort marked the first European attempt at colonization of the interior of what became the United States.


Premise: What is the RNA molecule produced by the polymerase known as?

Hypothesis: The RNA molecule produced by the polymerase is known as the primary transcript and undergoes post-transcriptional modifications before being exported to the cytoplasm for translation.


Premise: Is active TB difficult or easy to diagnose by patients' symptoms alone?

Hypothesis: A diagnosis of TB should, however, be considered in those with signs of lung disease or constitutional symptoms lasting longer than two weeks.


Premise: Where could contestants submit a video audition?

Hypothesis: Season ten is the first to include online auditions where contestants could submit a 40-second video audition via Myspace.


Premise: What is the most famous statue built for Bell and his creation?

Hypothesis: These included statuary monuments to both him and the new form of communication his telephone created, notably the Bell Telephone Memorial erected in his honor in Alexander Graham Bell Gardens in Brantford, Ontario, in 1917.


Premise: What influenced Greek modern song considerably?

Hypothesis: The Heptanesean kantádhes (καντάδες 'serenades'; sing.


Premise: What are literary and colloquial readings called?

Hypothesis: The existence of literary and colloquial readings (文白異讀), called tha̍k-im (讀音), is a prominent feature of some Hokkien dialects and indeed in many Sinitic varieties in the south.


Premise: Hispanics account for what percentage of Monatanas population?

Hypothesis: According to the 2010 Census, 89.4 percent of the population was White (87.8 percent Non-Hispanic White), 6.3 percent American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.9 percent Hispanics and Latinos of any race, 0.6 percent Asian, 0.4 percent Black or African American, 0.1 percent Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 0.6 percent from Some Other Race, and 2.5 percent from two or more races.


Premise: Why was this plant chosen for sequencing?

Hypothesis: The genome or hereditary information contained in the genes of this species is encoded by about 135 million base pairs of DNA, forming one of the smallest genomes among flowering plants.


Premise: What were the Manchus originally named?

Hypothesis: Schoppa, the editor of The Columbia Guide to Modern Chinese History argues, "A date around 1780 as the beginning of modern China is thus closer to what we know today as historical 'reality'.


Premise: Prior to 1948, how many Jews were living in lands which now make up the Arab world (excluding Israel)?

Hypothesis: Prior to 1948, approximately 800,000 Jews were living in lands which now make up the Arab world (excluding Israel).


Premise: When was the last expansion of Les Corts?

Hypothesis: After the last expansion, Les Corts could hold 60,000 spectators.


Premise: What form of government do the Puerto Ricans have?

Hypothesis: Puerto Rico has been under U.S. sovereignty for over a century when it was ceded to the U.S. by Spain following the end of the Spanish–American War, and Puerto Ricans have been U.S. citizens since 1917.


Premise: Why do hydraulic elevators use more energy?

Hypothesis: They are less energy efficient as the pump works against gravity to push the car and its passengers upwards; this energy is lost when the car descends on its own weight.


Premise: Who prevented slaveholders from being appointed missionaries?

Hypothesis: The Home Mission Society prevented slaveholders from being appointed as missionaries.


Premise: Four-fifths of the ZIP codes that provide the highest amount of political contributions in the United States are located in what borough?

Hypothesis: New York is the most important source of political fundraising in the United States, as four of the top five ZIP codes in the nation for political contributions are in Manhattan.


Premise: What year did Portugal invade the recently liberated territory?

Hypothesis: In 1816, Portugal invaded the recently liberated territory and in 1821, it was annexed to the Banda Oriental of Brazil.


Premise: To where are the loyal sons in "Notre Dame Fight Song" marching?

Hypothesis: The "Notre Dame Victory March" is the fight song for the University of Notre Dame.


Premise: The violence beginning in 1963 resulted in the deaths of many Turks?

Hypothesis: The crisis resulted in the end of the Turkish Cypriot involvement in the administration and their claiming that it had lost its legitimacy; the nature of this event is still controversial.


Premise: Testing revealed today's dogs trace back by how many years?

Hypothesis: Although initially thought to have originated as a manmade variant of an extant canid species (variously supposed as being the dhole, golden jackal, or gray wolf), extensive genetic studies undertaken during the 2010s indicate that dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia 40,000 years ago.


Premise: What institution did Roy Lowry work for?

Hypothesis: In August 2006 the world record for the most amount of simultaneous fireworks was surpassed, by Roy Lowry of the University of Plymouth, over Plymouth Sound.


Premise: When was the Synod of Dort?

Hypothesis: Their beliefs, however, were transported by the emigration of congregations to the Netherlands (and later to New England), and by evangelical clergy to Ireland (and later into Wales), and were spread into lay society and parts of the educational system, particularly certain colleges of the University of Cambridge.


Premise: Who ended up with the 200 letters from Sand to Chopin?

Hypothesis: She also took a collection of two hundred letters from Sand to Chopin; after 1851 these were returned to Sand, who seems to have destroyed them.


Premise: What contains discourses ascribed to Gautama Buddha?

Hypothesis: The Sutta Pitaka contains discourses ascribed to Gautama Buddha.


Premise: Does apomixis only occur in the parent?

Hypothesis: This is one of several types of apomixis that occur in plants.


Premise: When were the Constantinian basilicas built?

Hypothesis: Few large stone buildings were constructed between the Constantinian basilicas of the 4th century and the 8th century, although many smaller ones were built during the 6th and 7th centuries.


Premise: When was the Taiping rebellion?

Hypothesis: New Armies were organized, but the ambitious Hundred Days' Reform of 1898 was turned back by Empress Dowager Cixi, a ruthless but capable leader.


Premise: What period in Europe was full of an appreciation for earlier cultures ?

Hypothesis: Well into the 19th century, the classical tradition derived from Greece played an important role in the art of the western world.


Premise: Who receives retroviral coverage?

Hypothesis: Only 20% of infected pregnant women receive anti retroviral coverage to prevent transmission to newborns.


Premise: Until when did the Portuguese government resist decolonization of their overseas territories?

Hypothesis: The Portuguese government and army successfully resisted the decolonization of its overseas territories until April 1974, when a bloodless left-wing military coup in Lisbon, known as the Carnation Revolution, led the way for the independence of the overseas territories in Africa and Asia, as well as for the restoration of democracy after two years of a transitional period known as PREC (Processo Revolucionário Em Curso).


Premise: What is the second most common minority group in Nanjing?

Hypothesis: The second and third largest minority groups were Manchu (2,311) and Zhuang (533) nationalities.


Premise: When did Tito implement a self-management system that differentiated Yugoslavia from other socialist coutnries?

Hypothesis: Despite being one of the founders of Cominform, soon he became the first Cominform member to defy Soviet hegemony and the only one to manage to leave Cominform and begin with its own socialist program.


Premise: What percent of non-Hispanic whites vote Republican?

Hypothesis: About 62 percent Hispanics (of any race) in the area are declared or favor Democrats.


Premise: Where were the first pipe organs confined to?

Hypothesis: Simple pipe organs existed, but were largely confined to churches, although there were portable varieties.


Premise: What role did the fishing village play in Santa Monica?

Hypothesis: A Japanese fishing village was located near the Long Wharf while small numbers of Chinese lived or worked in both Santa Monica and Venice.


Premise: What was the Northfield Center renamed after it's purchase by another company?

Hypothesis: After World War II Hudson's realized that the limited parking space at its downtown skyscraper would increasingly be a problem for its customers.


Premise: What is the location of the Gwamile Vocational and Commercial Training Institute?

Hypothesis: The main centre for technical training in Swaziland is the Swaziland College of Technology which is slated to become a full university.


Premise: Who initially protested the adoption?

Hypothesis: Mercy's grandmother had initially protested the adoption, but later gave in, saying "At first I didn't want her to go but as a family we had to sit down and reach an agreement and we agreed that Mercy should go.


Premise: What major conflict occurred in Europe during the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages?

Hypothesis: France and England experienced serious peasant uprisings, such as the Jacquerie and the Peasants' Revolt, as well as over a century of intermittent conflict in the Hundred Years' War.


Premise: In 1982, what is the name of the editor who replaced the previous editor of The Times?

Hypothesis: Murdoch began to make his mark on the paper by appointing Harold Evans as his replacement.


Premise: How is hydrogen used in oxide materials?

Hypothesis: It is also a potential electron donor in various oxide materials, including ZnO, SnO2, CdO, MgO, ZrO2, HfO2, La2O3, Y2O3, TiO2, SrTiO3, LaAlO3, SiO2, Al2O3, ZrSiO4, HfSiO4, and SrZrO3.


Premise: What brought African Americans together?

Hypothesis: For African Americans, the one-drop rule was a significant factor in ethnic solidarity.


Premise: What is the main distinction of side lobes?

Hypothesis: In a directional antenna designed to project radio waves in a particular direction, the lobe in that direction is designed larger than the others and is called the "main lobe".


Premise: What position did Lord Palmerston hold?

Hypothesis: She found particularly offensive the Foreign Secretary, Lord Palmerston, who often acted without consulting the Cabinet, the Prime Minister, or the Queen.


Premise: What teams previous record was 178 goals in a year?

Hypothesis: By scoring 180 goals in 2015 in all competitions, Barcelona set the record for most goals scored in a calendar year, breaking Real Madrid's record of 178 goals scored in 2014.


Premise: Where do the Zoras come from?

Hypothesis: Midna is moved by Zelda's sacrifice, and begins to care more about Link and the fate of the light world.


Premise: What was placed on Jesus' head?

Hypothesis: After being flogged, Jesus was mocked by Roman soldiers as the "King of the Jews", clothed in a purple robe, crowned with thorns, beaten and spat on.


Premise: Who reported the major schools of Shaivism?

Hypothesis: Early history of Shaivism is difficult to determine.


Premise: What does EPA stand for?

Hypothesis: The omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which can be made in the human body from the omega-3 essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), or taken in through marine food sources, serves as a building block for series 3 prostaglandins (e.g., weakly inflammatory PGE3).


Premise: When did population growth in Thuringia peak?

Hypothesis: Since the beginning of Urbanisation around 1840, the Thuringian cities have higher growth rates resp.


Premise: Who adopted Hrothgar's ancestor?

Hypothesis: This passage describes how Hrothgar's legendary ancestor Scyld was found as a baby, washed ashore, and adopted by a noble family.


Premise: There were how many wholesale companies in Istanbul in 1911?

Hypothesis: In 1911, of the 654 wholesale companies in Istanbul, 528 were owned by ethnic Greeks.


Premise: When did the movement that considered the use of peaceful means to solve the plight of lesser classes begin?

Hypothesis: Around 66 BC, a movement to use constitutional, or at least peaceful, means to address the plight of various classes began.


Premise: What does 'tabula rasa' mean?

Hypothesis: Without specific primary qualities, an object would not be what it is.


Premise: The release of Internet Explorer started the first what?

Hypothesis: Microsoft responded with its Internet Explorer in 1995, also heavily influenced by Mosaic, initiating the industry's first browser war.


Premise: Approval under what law will not make an act or lack thereof legal if condemned under international law?

Hypothesis: If an act or lack thereof is condemned under international law, the act will not assume international legality even if approved by internal law.


Premise: How many collegiate churches existed in Utecht besides the cathedral

Hypothesis: Besides the cathedral there were four collegiate churches in Utrecht: St. Salvator's Church (demolished in the 16th century), on the Dom square, dating back to the early 8th century.


Premise: Who was president of Yale during the rebellion?

Hypothesis: There was a mood of alarm and mistrust, and, while the crisis was developing, the presidents of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton developed a project to reform the sport and forestall possible radical changes forced by government upon the sport.


Premise: Interplay between pathogens and defenses of hosts results in what?

Hypothesis: The appearance and severity of disease resulting from any pathogen, depends upon the ability of that pathogen to damage the host as well as the ability of the host to resist the pathogen.


Premise: Which friend took on the role of several jobs to help Chopin including copyist?

Hypothesis: His fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory, Julian Fontana, had originally tried unsuccessfully to establish himself in England; Albert Grzymała, who in Paris became a wealthy financier and society figure, often acted as Chopin's adviser and "gradually began to fill the role of elder brother in [his] life."


Premise: What field did Bell later work in, apart from optical telecommunications and aeronautics?

Hypothesis: Although Bell was not one of the 33 founders of the National Geographic Society, he had a strong influence on the magazine while serving as the second president from January 7, 1898 until 1903.


Premise: What types of discrimination are common in Nigeria?

Hypothesis: Nigeria's human rights record remains poor;


Premise: What percentage of the City of Boston's population is 20 to 24?

Hypothesis: In the city, the population was spread out with 21.9% at age 19 and under, 14.3% from 20 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% who were 65 years of age or older.


Premise: When did the third Digimon series begin?

Hypothesis: The third Digimon series, which began airing on April 1, 2001, is set largely in a "real world" where the Adventure and Adventure 02 series are television shows, and where Digimon game merchandise (based on actual items) become key to providing power boosts to real Digimon which appear in that world.


Premise: What percentage of the Miami population in 1970 was black?

Hypothesis: The overall culture of Miami is heavily influenced by its large population of Hispanics and blacks mainly from the Caribbean islands.


Premise: How many Oklahomans speak Vietnamese?

Hypothesis: Fifth is Vietnamese, spoken by 11,330 people, or about 0.4% of the population, many of whom live in the Asia District of Oklahoma City.


Premise: What can save storage space?

Hypothesis: Dropping nonessential detail from the data source can save storage space.


Premise: In what type of decorative blind arcading are pointed arches common?

Hypothesis: Pointed arches also occur extensively in Romanesque decorative blind arcading, where semi-circular arches overlap each other in a simple decorative pattern, and the points are accidental to the design.


Premise: Who ruled as the the Hongwu Emperor?

Hypothesis: Zhu Yuanzhang then established the Ming dynasty, ruling as the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398).


Premise: What does 'yoh-hu' mean?

Hypothesis: "In 1727 the to-min or 'idle people' of Cheh Kiang province (a Ningpo name still existing), the yoh-hu or 'music people' of Shanxi province, the si-min or 'small people' of Kiang Su (Jiangsu) province, and the Tanka people or 'egg-people' of Canton (to this day the boat population there), were all freed from their social disabilities, and allowed to count as free men."


Premise: What is the Premier League commonly referred to outside the UK?

Hypothesis: The Premier League is a corporation in which the 20 member clubs act as shareholders.


Premise: Who in turn did Salisbury and Kilmuir consult?

Hypothesis: The absence of a formal mechanism within the Conservative Party for choosing a leader meant that, following Eden's resignation, it fell to the Queen to decide whom to commission to form a government.


Premise: What part of the leaf in a plant takes in carbon dioxide and releases oxygen?

Hypothesis: Green plants obtain their carbohydrate supply from the carbon dioxide in the air by the process of photosynthesis.


Premise: During hockey season, when does the late night news update occur?

Hypothesis: There is also a short news update, at most, on late Saturday evenings.


Premise: Roughly 90% of what group were pushed from their homes or ethnically cleansed during the Caucasian Wars?

Hypothesis: Toward the end of the Caucasian Wars, 90% of the Circassians were ethnically cleansed and exiled from their homelands in the Caucasus and fled to the Ottoman Empire, resulting in the settlement of 500,000 to 700,000 Circassians in Turkey.[page needed]


Premise: What was the Prussian Army composed of, instead of regulars?

Hypothesis: Service was compulsory for all of men of military age, and thus Prussia and its North and South German allies could mobilise and field some 1,000,000 soldiers in time of war.


Premise: What county is home to The Crow and Gate?

Hypothesis: For example, a pub in Crowborough, East Sussex called The Crow and Gate has an image of a crow with gates as wings.


Premise: UNFPA's work concerns what general area?

Hypothesis: The UNFPA says it "is the lead UN agency for delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe and every young person's potential is fulfilled."


Premise: What religion besides Hinduism became well established in the Malay Peninsula?

Hypothesis: The history of the Malay-speaking world began with the advent of Indian influence, which dates back to at least the 3rd century BCE.


Premise: Who is one of the most famous people to graduate from the large art school of Mexico City?

Hypothesis: One of the students, José María Velasco, is considered one of the greatest Mexican landscape painters of the 19th century.


Premise: In what year did NHK first develop consumer HD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?

Hypothesis: The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided about four times the resolution (1080i/1125 lines).


Premise: What was the average age of American Idols viewers in its tenth season?

Hypothesis: was 47.2 compared to a median age of 32.1 in its first season.


Premise: What did Nasser's allies receive in the new arrangement?

Hypothesis: Nasser's nomination for the post and the new constitution were put to public referendum on 23 June and each was approved by an overwhelming majority.


Premise: In which year were minor amendments made to the Crown Office Order?

Hypothesis: Order 1992, with minor amendments in 2000.


Premise: What one criteria was used in early times to judge a great power's status?

Hypothesis: Later writers have expanded this test, attempting to define power in terms of overall military, economic, and political capacity.


Premise: The restoration of what happened in 1876?

Hypothesis: It restored the Ottoman constitution of 1876 and brought in multi-party politics with a two-stage electoral system (electoral law) under the Ottoman parliament.


Premise: What developer tools did the build have?

Hypothesis: The Windows Store was announced during the presentation, but was not available in this build.


Premise: At the Concordat of 1801, Napoleon restored the religious privileges of what entity?

Hypothesis: He extended his political control over France until the Senate declared him Emperor of the French in 1804, launching the French Empire.


Premise: The tribunal denied responsibility for what concerning Harry's recording in the Forsyth case?

Hypothesis: It criticised Forsyth's decision to record a conversation with Harry as an abuse of teacher–student confidentiality and said "It is clear whichever version of the evidence is accepted that Mr Burke did ask the claimant to assist Prince Harry with text for his expressive art project ...


Premise: What was Vitruvius' profession?

Hypothesis: The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD.


Premise: What is the "quantum of action" called?

Hypothesis: Instead, it must be some multiple of a very small quantity, the "quantum of action", now called the Planck constant.


Premise: What church did Eisenhower join in 1953?

Hypothesis: He was baptized in the Presbyterian Church in 1953.


Premise: How many construction workers were employed in the metropolitan area?

Hypothesis: The Paris region's manufacturing decline is quickly being replaced by eco-industries: these employ about 100,000 workers.


Premise: Which police force monitored Karl Marx?

Hypothesis: A notable example of this was the occasional surveillance by Prussian police of Karl Marx during the years he remained resident in London.


Premise: What kind of company does ANCAP run?

Hypothesis: The government also owns part of other companies operating under private law, such as those owned wholly or partially by the CND (National Development Corporation).


Premise: What do scholars believe is missing from madaris that prevent them from being considered universities?

Hypothesis: In a sense, the madrasa resembles a university college in that it has most of the features of a university, but lacks the corporate element.


Premise: What accusations does the Watch Tower Society reject?

Hypothesis: Chryssides further states, "it is therefore simplistic and naïve to view the Witnesses as a group that continues to set a single end-date that fails and then devise a new one, as many counter-cultists do."


Premise: Who was appointed "keeper of the galleys?"

Hypothesis: By the end of 1204 he had around 50 large galleys available; another 54 vessels were built between 1209 and 1212.


Premise: What is another for which  organisms have been modified for?

Hypothesis: Many organisms have been genetically modified for applications in agriculture, industrial biotechnology, and medicine.


Premise: What can forged meteoric iron make?

Hypothesis: The use of alloys by humans started with the use of meteoric iron, a naturally occurring alloy of nickel and iron.


Premise: In what year did Mstislavich defeat the Kiev?

Hypothesis: Cyprian, a candidate pushed by the Lithuanian rulers, became Metropolitan of Kiev in 1375 and metropolitan of Moscow in 1382; this way the church in the Russian countries was reunited for some time.


Premise: How much was Turkey ordered to pay in compensation to Cyprus?

Hypothesis: Over the preceding ten years, civilian transfer by Turkey had "reached new heights", in the words of one US ambassador.[f]


Premise: How many metals have a natural color that isn't gray?

Hypothesis: Together with caesium and gold (both yellow), and osmium (bluish), copper is one of only four elemental metals with a natural color other than gray or silver.


Premise: Insect's wings fold flat over their what?

Hypothesis: Paleoptera and Neoptera are the winged orders of insects differentiated by the presence of hardened body parts called sclerites, and in the Neoptera, muscles that allow their wings to fold flatly over the abdomen.


Premise: How many Protestants are there in the world?

Hypothesis: There are more than 900 million Protestants worldwide,[ad] among approximately 2.4 billion Christians.[ae]


Premise: When did Bush say 'major combat operations' were complete in Iraq?

Hypothesis: On 1 May 2003, Bush announced that major combat operations in Iraq had ended.


Premise: What had the Aztec civilization constructed?

Hypothesis: According to both indigenous American and European accounts and documents, American civilizations at the time of European encounter had achieved many accomplishments.


Premise: What do the decorative friezes on the buildings show?

Hypothesis: Similarly, the decorative friezes on the buildings depict contemporary scenes such as policemen chasing a robber and arresting a prostitute (on the wall of the Law School), or a student relaxing with a mug of beer and a cigarette.


Premise: About how many performances are there in the Spoleto Festival USA?

Hypothesis: Charleston annually hosts Spoleto Festival USA founded by Gian Carlo Menotti, a 17-day art festival featuring over 100 performances by individual artists in a variety of disciplines.


Premise: After the Dawlish sea wall was damaged, on what date did the line reopen?

Hypothesis: Network Rail began repair work  and the line reopened on 4 April 2014.


Premise: About how many villas are available for rent in St. Barts?

Hypothesis: Most places of accommodation are in the form of private villas, of which there are some 400 available to rent on the island.


Premise: Who purchased the rights to the tantalum light filament from Siemens?

Hypothesis: Metal filaments had the property of breaking and re-welding, though this would usually decrease resistance and shorten the life of the filament.


Premise: How many tourists are expected annually thanks to the airport?

Hypothesis: Expected to be fully operational early 2016, it is expected to help the island towards self-sufficiency and encourage economic development, reducing dependence on British government aid.


Premise: How many possible codons are there?

Hypothesis: There are 64 possible codons (four possible nucleotides at each of three positions, hence 43 possible codons) and only 20 standard amino acids; hence the code is redundant and multiple codons can specify the same amino acid.


Premise: What is Liberia's education system hampered by?

Hypothesis: The country's education sector is hampered by inadequate schools and supplies, as well as a lack of qualified teachers.


Premise: What frequencies is associated with shorter wavelengths?

Hypothesis: With shorter wavelengths (higher frequencies), this is generally the case.


Premise: What group was Nigeria a founding member of?

Hypothesis: Nigeria's foreign policy was tested in the 1970s after the country emerged united from its own civil war.


Premise: What did German officials seize from SanDisk on September 2006?

Hypothesis: In September 2006, German officials seized MP3 players from SanDisk's booth at the IFA show in Berlin after an Italian patents firm won an injunction on behalf of Sisvel against SanDisk in a dispute over licensing rights.


Premise: What problem did the Iraqi forces have?

Hypothesis: Iraqi forces were battle-hardened after 8 years of war with Iran, and they were well equipped with late model Soviet tanks and jet fighters, but the antiaircraft weapons were crippled; in comparison, the US had no large-scale combat experience since its withdrawal from Vietnam nearly 20 years earlier, and major changes in US doctrine, equipment and technology since then had never been tested under fire.


Premise: What did Louisiana initiate to control the varmint population?

Hypothesis: In the US state of Louisiana, a non-native rodent known as a nutria has become so destructive to the local ecosystem that the state has initiated a bounty program to help control the population.


Premise: What event did Beyoncé perform at one month after Obama's inauguration?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé performed the American national anthem singing along with a pre-recorded track at President Obama's second inauguration in Washington, D.C.


Premise: Whose suggestion prompted the development of peripheral pattern theory?

Hypothesis: In 1955, DC Sinclair and G Weddell developed peripheral pattern theory, based on a 1934 suggestion by John Paul Nafe.


Premise: During what 32-month later period was the 360 the best selling console?

Hypothesis: Between January 2011 and October 2013, the Xbox 360 was the best-selling console in the United States for these 32 consecutive months.


Premise: What was the name of the 1st company Sega permitted?

Hypothesis: Nintendo was not as restrictive as Sega, which did not permit third-party publishing until Mediagenic in late summer 1988.


Premise: How do Jehovah's Witnesses see themselves in regards to the power structure of the church?

Hypothesis: Sociologist Rodney Stark states that Jehovah's Witness leaders are "not always very democratic" and that members "are expected to conform to rather strict standards," but adds that "enforcement tends to be very informal, sustained by the close bonds of friendship within the group", and that Jehovah's Witnesses see themselves as "part of the power structure rather than subject to it."


Premise: When did Philadelphia host the Constitutional Convention?

Hypothesis: Philadelphia's importance and central location in the colonies made it a natural center for America's revolutionaries.


Premise: What 1850 document formally declared the intent to create a unified standard?

Hypothesis: In 1850 Serbian and Croatian writers and linguists signed the Vienna Literary Agreement, declaring their intention to create a unified standard.


Premise: What part of the airway does emphysema affect?

Hypothesis: Unlike these diseases, the airway obstruction in asthma is usually reversible; however, if left untreated, the chronic inflammation from asthma can lead the lungs to become irreversibly obstructed due to airway remodeling.


Premise: What do Orthodox jewish groups characterize non-orthodox form of Judiasm as?

Hypothesis: The Orthodox Jewish movements consider all non-Orthodox Jewish movements to be unacceptable deviations from authentic Judaism; both because of other denominations' doubt concerning the verbal revelation of Written and Oral Torah, and because of their rejection of Halakhic precedent as binding.


Premise: When did Egypt regain formal independence from Britain?

Hypothesis: Iraq, a British mandate since 1920, also gained membership of the League in its own right after achieving independence from Britain in 1932.


Premise: Are there any groups who are able to effectively operate in Burma ?

Hypothesis: At the same time, international NGOs are mindful of the ethical quandary of how to work with the government without bolstering or appeasing it.


Premise: What company produces the show?

Hypothesis: Later, an employee of Freemantle Media, which produces the show, sued the company for wrongful termination, claiming that he was dismissed after complaining about lewd behavior by Vazquez toward him during the show.


Premise: Who did Chopin know that became rich in Paris?

Hypothesis: His fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory, Julian Fontana, had originally tried unsuccessfully to establish himself in England; Albert Grzymała, who in Paris became a wealthy financier and society figure, often acted as Chopin's adviser and "gradually began to fill the role of elder brother in [his] life."


Premise: When did Eisenhower vacation for two months outside New York?

Hypothesis: He returned to his post in New York in mid-May, and in July 1949 took a two-month vacation out-of-state.


Premise: What event does the Chamber of commerce host in the fall?

Hypothesis: Every fall the Santa Monica Chamber of Commerce hosts The Taste of Santa Monica on the Santa Monica Pier.


Premise: What program debuted on November 23, 1963?

Hypothesis: The BBC Television Service (renamed "BBC tv" in 1960) showed popular programming, including drama, comedies, documentaries, game shows, and soap operas, covering a wide range of genres and regularly competed with ITV to become the channel with the highest ratings for that week.


Premise: Her second movie Beyonce did was what film?

Hypothesis: Her first acting role of 2006 was in the comedy film The Pink Panther starring opposite Steve Martin, grossing $158.8 million at the box office worldwide.


Premise: In 1838, who was not pleased of their lack of power in Syria?

Hypothesis: Muhammad Ali of Egypt was not happy about lack of his control and power in Syria, he resumed military actions.


Premise: The British Government agrree to extend the licensed for the company in India until 1793 for how much money

Hypothesis: In 1742, fearing the monetary consequences of a war, the British government agreed to extend the deadline for the licensed exclusive trade by the company in India until 1783, in return for a further loan of £1 million.


Premise: What prize was awarded to the winning amateur dirctor film at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival?

Hypothesis: Each of the 30 films received world premiere screenings at a major international film festival, including the Sundance Film Festival and the Tribeca Film Festival.


Premise: What method was introduced in December 2015 to reduce New Delhi's air pollution?

Hypothesis: In an attempt to curb air pollution in New Delhi, which gets worst during the winter, a temporary alternate-day travel scheme for cars using the odd- and even-numbered license plates system was announced by Delhi government in December 2015.


Premise: What literary genre were the majority of female winning contest entries?

Hypothesis: Of a total of 2300 prize competitions offered in France, women won 49 – perhaps a small number by modern standards, but very significant in an age in which most women did not have any academic training.


Premise: Which writers helped to influence the post-punk movement?

Hypothesis: Many post-punk artists maintained an anti-corporatist approach to recording and instead seized on alternate means of producing and releasing music.


Premise: What two Marvel characters were part of that campus heroes section?

Hypothesis: All of these elements struck a chord with the older readers, such as college-aged adults, and they successfully gained in a way not seen before.


Premise: How do minority leaders keep party priorities publicized?

Hypothesis: Minority leaders may engage in numerous activities to publicize their party's priorities and to criticize the opposition's.


Premise: What rule against proprietary trading was not part of legislation passed by either the Senate or House?

Hypothesis: The New York Times provided a comparative summary of the features of the two bills, which address to varying extent the principles enumerated by the Obama administration.


Premise: How many dungeon instances are provided in Twilight Princess?

Hypothesis: The game features nine dungeons—large, contained areas where Link battles enemies, collects items, and solves puzzles.


Premise: In what year was it revealed that Everton had entered talks to build a new 55,000 seat stadium in Kirkby?

Hypothesis: On 16 June 2006, it was announced that Everton had entered into talks with Knowsley Council and Tesco over the possibility of building a new 55,000 seat stadium, expandable to over 60,000, in Kirkby.


Premise: How fast did Sturgeon and Davenport's motors run?

Hypothesis: The motors ran at up to 600 revolutions per minute, and powered machine tools and a printing press.


Premise: Which prime minister was appointed only one time?

Hypothesis: She remained continuously in power until 1990, though she used the assembly of each House of Commons after a general election to reshuffle her cabinet.


Premise: Who performed crucifixion experiments in the 20th century to test theories?

Hypothesis: In the 17th century Rasmus Bartholin considered a number of analytical scenarios of that topic.


Premise: Besides France, which other team is tied with England for number of appearances in the FIFA World Cup?

Hypothesis: England first appeared at the 1950 FIFA World Cup and have appeared in 14 FIFA World Cups, they are tied for sixth-best in terms of number of wins alongside France and Spain.


Premise: Whose ideas were summarized by Aristotle in the work Darwin studied?

Hypothesis: In later editions of the book, Darwin traced evolutionary ideas as far back as Aristotle; the text he cites is a summary by Aristotle of the ideas of the earlier Greek philosopher Empedocles.


Premise: What led to the rebellion in 1810

Hypothesis: After meetings beginning in June, rebels overcame the Spanish garrison at Baton Rouge (now in Louisiana), and unfurled the flag of the new republic: a single white star on a blue field.


Premise: When was the Baird system discontinued?

Hypothesis: The Baird system was discontinued in February 1937.


Premise: Which was the last city through which Juarez evacuated?

Hypothesis: On October 15, 1864 the city of Chihuahua was declared the temporary capital of Mexico.


Premise: What does the YAG phosphor coating produce?

Hypothesis: However using different phosphors (fluorescent materials) it also became possible to instead produce green and red light through fluorescence.


Premise: What Spanish Priest founded the Order of Preachers?

Hypothesis: The Order of Preachers (Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum, hence the abbreviation OP used by members), more commonly known after the 15th century as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is a Roman Catholic religious order founded by the Spanish priest Saint Dominic de Guzman in France and approved by Pope Honorius III (1216–27) on 22 December 1216.


Premise: In what decades did class distinctions break down in Britain?

Hypothesis: With the blurring of class divisions in the 1960s and 1970s,[citation needed] the distinction between the saloon and the public bar was often seen as archaic,[citation needed] and was frequently abolished, usually by the removal of the dividing wall or partition.[citation needed]


Premise: what is the acronym for the East india company?

Hypothesis: In its first century and half, the EIC used a few hundred soldiers as guards.


Premise: What  is asthma usually classified based on?

Hypothesis: Finding ways to identify subgroups that respond well to different types of treatments is a current critical goal of asthma research.


Premise: Why did some Chinese citizens qualify for benefits?

Hypothesis: In 2008, the High Court in South Africa ruled that Chinese South Africans who were residents during the apartheid era (and their descendants) are to be reclassified as "Black people," solely for the purposes of accessing affirmative action benefits, because they were also "disadvantaged" by racial discrimination.


Premise: By which decade had the KKK become very active in Detroit?

Hypothesis: The Black Legion, a secret vigilante group, was active in the Detroit area in the 1930s, when one-third of its estimated 20,000 to 30,000 members in Michigan were based in the city.


Premise: Along with Kenny G and Dave Koz, what artist was featured on smooth jazz stations?

Hypothesis: For many years, artists like George Benson, Kenny G and Dave Koz had crossover hits that were played on both smooth jazz and soft AC stations.


Premise: In what year was the median age of residents in San Diego 35.6?

Hypothesis: Millennials (ages 18 through 34) constitute 27.1% of San Diego's population, the second-highest percentage in a major U.S. city.


Premise: When did the European Commission say they would investigate the bundling?

Hypothesis: Microsoft Corp v Commission


Premise: How many forms of personal pronouns are there in Catalan?

Hypothesis: Features include the gender-neutral ho and the great degree of freedom when combining different unstressed pronouns (65 combinations).


Premise: What is the first question to ask in order to define the two classes?

Hypothesis: Despite the large number of philosophical schools and subtle nuances between many, all philosophies are said to fall into one of two primary categories, which are defined in contrast to each other: Idealism, and materialism.[a]


Premise: In what year was Royal Prussia annexed?

Hypothesis: The territory of Warmia was incorporated into the lands of former Ducal Prussia, which, by administrative deed of 31 January 1773 were named East Prussia.


Premise: What Rajasthani national park is known for its tigers?

Hypothesis: Ranthambore National Park is known worldwide for its tiger population and is considered by both wilderness lovers and photographers as one of the best place in India to spot tigers.


Premise: Which organization did a study on cancer in developing countries?

Hypothesis: According to a study by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, "In the developing world, cancers of the liver, stomach and esophagus were more common, often linked to consumption of carcinogenic preserved foods, such as smoked or salted food, and parasitic infections that attack organs.


Premise: According to the 2000 United States Census, how many housing units were there in Atlantic City?

Hypothesis: There were 20,219 housing units at an average density of 1,781.4 per square mile (687.8/km2).


Premise: What chained actions resulted from the alleged violation of the Constitution of Medina by the Banu Qaynuqa Jews?

Hypothesis: This escalated to a chain of revenge killings, and enmity grew between Muslims and the Banu Qaynuqa, leading to the siege of their fortress.:122


Premise: How many Indian-descended families lived in or around Richmond in 2011?

Hypothesis: The two most familiar are the Cultural Center of India (CCI) located off of Iron Bridge Road in Chesterfield County and the Hindu Center of Virginia in Henrico County which has garnered national fame and awards for being the first LEED certified religious facility in the commonwealth.


Premise: After a leaf-spring was moved from jack to the plug, the most stressed part was found where?

Hypothesis: This change was made so that the connector on the less expensive cable would bear the most wear instead of the more expensive micro-USB device.


Premise: What did Kaypro CP/M computers use?

Hypothesis: Kaypro CP/M computers used the "upper" 128 characters for the Greek alphabet.


Premise: Destabilization of what regime was the main goal of Napoleon's followers?

Hypothesis: There were also subversive activities celebrating anniversaries of Napoleon's life and reign and disrupting royal celebrations—they demonstrated the prevailing and successful goal of the varied supporters of Napoleon to constantly destabilize the Bourbon regime.


Premise: What type of service did Paul Vi announce reformed in 1969?

Hypothesis: The Second Vatican Council made no changes to the Roman Missal, but in the document Sacrosanctum Concilium mandated that a general revision of it take place.


Premise: How many octaves does Beyonce have?

Hypothesis: While another critic says she is a "Vocal acrobat, being able to sing long and complex melismas and vocal runs effortlessly, and in key.


Premise: What year was the first youtube question asked to a presidential nominee?

Hypothesis: YouTube has enabled people to more directly engage with government, such as in the CNN/YouTube presidential debates (2007) in which ordinary people submitted questions to U.S. presidential candidates via YouTube video, with a techPresident co-founder saying that Internet video was changing the political landscape.


Premise: Where was the torch ceremony held in Macao?

Hypothesis: A ceremony was held at Macau Fisherman's Wharf.