Premise: What is Europe's largest university for degrees in communication and performing arts?

Hypothesis: In addition there are three international universities in London – Regent's University London, Richmond, The American International University in London and Schiller International University.


Premise: Who did Paul VI feel was most important in the Catholic Hierarchy?

Hypothesis: As the Council discussed the role of bishops in the papacy, Paul VI issued an explanatory note confirming the primacy of the papacy, a step which was viewed by some as meddling in the affairs of the Council American bishops pushed for a speedy resolution on religious freedom, but Paul VI insisted this to be approved together with related texts such as ecumenism.


Premise: Who rejected the peace gesture?

Hypothesis: On 11 June, the North sent three diplomats to the South, as a peace overture that Rhee rejected.


Premise: What Hungarian general humiliated the Prussians?

Hypothesis: Between 10 and 17 October 1757, a Hungarian general, Count András Hadik, serving in the Austrian army, executed what may be the most famous hussar action in history.


Premise: What is another name for the BeiDou Satellite Navigation Experimental System?

Hypothesis: It has been offering navigation services, mainly for customers in China and neighboring regions, since 2000.


Premise: What did On Origin of Species avoid in order to raise its chance of being taken seriously?

Hypothesis: Unlike the still-popular Vestiges, it avoided the narrative style of the historical novel and cosmological speculation, though the closing sentence clearly hinted at cosmic progression.


Premise: What was the term used to describe supervisors of estates?

Hypothesis: He appointed military governors, or daimyos, to rule over the provinces, and stewards, or jito to supervise public and private estates.


Premise: When was Phil Skinner awarded an MBE?

Hypothesis: He was born Harry Skinner in Sydney in 1903 and started learning music at age 10 when his uncle tutored him on the banjo.


Premise: What was Hick's debut single?

Hypothesis: was "My Destiny".


Premise: In the fall of 2014, which school did 5.7% of undergraduates enroll in?

Hypothesis: In the fall of 2014, among the six undergraduate schools, 40.6% of undergraduate students are enrolled in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, 21.3% in the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, 14.3% in the School of Communication, 11.7% in the Medill School of Journalism, 5.7% in the Bienen School of Music, and 6.4% in the School of Education and Social Policy.


Premise: How concerned was France with Greek architecture?

Hypothesis: It would take until Laboustre's Neo-Grec of the second Empire for the Greek revival to flower briefly in France.


Premise: Billions of dollars have been paid by which companies?

Hypothesis: AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson and Eli Lilly have paid billions of dollars in federal settlements over allegations that they paid doctors to promote drugs for unapproved uses.


Premise: Signatories to the CPPC are required to prevent and punish what?

Hypothesis: All signatories to the CPPCG are required to prevent and punish acts of genocide, both in peace and wartime, though some barriers make this enforcement difficult.


Premise: Who allegedly hit a home run to the Center?

Hypothesis: On October 1, 1932, in game three of the World Series between the Cubs and the New York Yankees, Babe Ruth allegedly stepped to the plate, pointed his finger to Wrigley Field's center field bleachers and hit a long home run to center.


Premise: Did Liberius sympathize with Athanasius?

Hypothesis: With his friends scattered, the saintly Hosius in exile, and Pope Liberius denounced as acquiescing in Arian formularies, Athanasius could hardly hope to escape.


Premise: Who nicknamed the franchise the Cubs in 1902?

Hypothesis: The franchise was nicknamed the Cubs by the Chicago Daily News in 1902, although not officially becoming the Chicago Cubs until the 1907 season.


Premise: What can be done to copper to give it a certain look?

Hypothesis: Architectural copper and its alloys can also be 'finished' to embark a particular look, feel, and/or color.


Premise: How many families were recorded in the 2010 census?

Hypothesis: As of the 2010 census, there were 579,999 people, 230,233 households, and 144,120 families residing in the city.


Premise: What is in saliva that starts to digest the starches?

Hypothesis: This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.


Premise: What was the former name of Fort Oscar?

Hypothesis: One of these forts, known as Fort Oscar (formerly Gustav Adolph), which overlooks the sea is located on the far side of La Pointe.


Premise: Which house impeached Hastings?

Hypothesis: On 4 April 1786, Burke presented the Commons with the Article of Charge of High Crimes and Misdemeanors against Hastings.


Premise: How many destinations does George Bush Intercontinental Airport serve?

Hypothesis: The Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center stands on the George Bush Intercontinental Airport grounds.


Premise: The foreign correspondent who resigned from The Times in 1988 won how many major journalism awards?

Hypothesis: Robert Fisk, seven times British International Journalist of the Year, resigned as foreign correspondent in 1988 over what he saw as "political censorship" of his article on the shooting-down of Iran Air Flight 655 in July 1988.


Premise: Along with "Don't Know Much," what single won a Grammy?

Hypothesis: The Grammy Award-winning singles, "Don't Know Much" and "All My Life", were both long-running #1 Adult Contemporary hits.


Premise: What country was made a full partner in NATO as the result of the failure of EDC?

Hypothesis: As he had threatened the French in their rejection of EDC, he afterwards moved to restore West Germany, as a full NATO partner.


Premise: What was outstanding about Frederick's victory in the Battle of Liegnitz?

Hypothesis: In the Battle of Liegnitz Frederick scored a strong victory despite being outnumbered three to one.


Premise: How is color perceived to be for lisle in comparison to softer yarns?

Hypothesis: Colors applied to this yarn are noted for being more brilliant than colors applied to softer yarn.


Premise: What type of encoding do CDs implement?

Hypothesis: These encoding techniques (defined in the Red Book) were originally designed for CD Digital Audio, but they later became a standard for almost all CD formats (such as CD-ROM).


Premise: How many years ago was Plymouth College of Art founded?

Hypothesis: It was started 153 years ago and is now one of only four independent colleges of art and design in the UK.


Premise: What year was the first full season with night baseball at Wrigley Field?

Hypothesis: After splitting the first two games at home, the Cubs headed to the Bay Area, where despite holding a lead at some point in each of the next three games, bullpen meltdowns and managerial blunders ultimately led to three straight losses.


Premise: What year was the county of Hampshire officially named?

Hypothesis: This was officially changed to Hampshire in 1959 although the county had been commonly known as Hampshire or Hantscire for centuries.


Premise: Who commissioned the biodiversity research paper?

Hypothesis: An explicit definition consistent with this interpretation was first given in a paper by Bruce A. Wilcox commissioned by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) for the 1982 World National Parks Conference.


Premise: What type of glass products can be used for sending information?

Hypothesis: Some objects historically were so commonly made of silicate glass that they are simply called by the name of the material, such as drinking glasses and reading glasses.


Premise: in the interstellar medium, what state is hydrogen in?

Hypothesis: Hydrogen is found in the neutral atomic state in the interstellar medium.


Premise: In what field did Montini obtain a doctorate in?

Hypothesis: In 1925 he helped found the publishing house Morcelliana in Brescia, focused on promoting a 'Christian inspired culture'.


Premise: What document did this group create once it was convened ?

Hypothesis: The report "Mary: Faith and Hope in Christ", by the Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission, concluded that the teaching about Mary in the two definitions of the Assumption and the Immaculate Conception can be said to be consonant with the teaching of the Scriptures and the ancient common traditions.


Premise: In what year did TCM receive a Peabody Award?

Hypothesis: In April 2010, Turner Classic Movies held the first TCM Classic Film Festival, an event – now held annually – at the Grauman's Chinese Theater and the Grauman's Egyptian Theater in Hollywood.


Premise: Who was the first confederate soldier to be killed in the civil war?

Hypothesis: At Appomattox Court House in Virginia in April 1865, the 75th North Carolina Regiment, a cavalry unit, fired the last shots of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the Civil War.


Premise: Since when can most computers boot from USB mass storage devices?

Hypothesis: However, USB has one important advantage, in that it is possible to install and remove devices without rebooting the computer (hot-swapping), making it useful for mobile peripherals, including drives of various kinds (given SATA or SCSI devices may or may not support hot-swapping).


Premise: What are visitors of Norfolk Island recommended to purchase?

Hypothesis: All visitors to Norfolk Island, including Australians, are recommended to purchase travel insurance.


Premise: Which technique was once used to boot an alternate operating system than Mac OS?

Hypothesis: The most common workaround, is to boot into Mac OS and then to hand over control to a Mac OS-based bootloader application.


Premise: Insects have what kind of skeleton?

Hypothesis: Insects (from Latin insectum, a calque of Greek ἔντομον [éntomon], "cut into sections") are a class of invertebrates within the arthropod phylum that have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae.


Premise: How much more did Spectre earn compared with Skyfall in the Indian market?

Hypothesis: In India, it opened at No. 1 with $4.8 million which is 4% above the opening of Skyfall.


Premise: Sebastian Ingrosso, Axwell, and Steve Angello formed what successful trio?

Hypothesis: Sweden knew a prominence of snare-less "Swedish progressive house" with the emergence of Sebastian Ingrosso, Axwell, Steve Angello


Premise: In which year did Mercury begin 3 channel stereo recording?

Hypothesis: In 1961, Mercury enhanced this technique with three-microphone stereo recordings using 35 mm magnetic film instead of half-inch tape for recording.


Premise: what was the name of the company that traded with East Indies?

Hypothesis: For a period of fifteen years the charter awarded the newly formed company a monopoly on trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan.


Premise: What was the time span of the Mauryan Empire?

Hypothesis: At its greatest extent, the Mauryan Empire stretched to the north up to the natural boundaries of the Himalayas and to the east into what is now Assam.


Premise: What rank did Bloomberg name Namibia's economy?

Hypothesis: The data came from Bloomberg's own financial-market statistics, IMF forecasts and the World Bank.


Premise: What had Oklahoma's WNBA team been?

Hypothesis: The Oklahoma Defenders replaced the Talons as Tulsa's only professional arena football team, playing the CPIFL.


Premise: Who was made a cardinal by Paul VI on June 27 1977?

Hypothesis: His immediate successor, Albino Luciani, who took the name John Paul I, was created a cardinal in the consistory of 5 March 1973.


Premise: What is Silver Samurai's weapon?

Hypothesis: Not only does the Silver Samurai make over 350 comic book appearances, the character is playable in several video games, such as Marvel Vs.


Premise: Which type of birds are among the most intelligent animals?

Hypothesis: Some birds, especially corvids and parrots, are among the most intelligent animals; several bird species make and use tools, and many social species pass on knowledge across generations, which is considered a form of culture.


Premise: Where do dunlin Calidris alpina migrate to?

Hypothesis: Many species, such as dunlin Calidris alpina and western sandpiper Calidris mauri, undertake long movements from their Arctic breeding grounds to warmer locations in the same hemisphere, but others such as semipalmated sandpiper C. pusilla travel longer distances to the tropics in the Southern Hemisphere.


Premise: Who tried to revive the Delphic oracle?

Hypothesis: Julian the Apostate (359 - 61) tried to revive the Delphic oracle, but failed."


Premise: What do death penalty opponents argue that capital punishment isn't effective at doing?

Hypothesis: Opponents argue that the death penalty is not an effective means of deterring crime, risks the execution of the innocent, is unnecessarily barbaric in nature, cheapens human life, and puts a government on the same base moral level as those criminals involved in murder.


Premise: What category of race do Italian Americans normally fall under?

Hypothesis: Italian Americans are usually considered white in the US and would not be covered under affirmative action policies, but the professors believed they were underrepresented.


Premise: What is the schedule of time called when it is not daylight savings time?

Hypothesis: However, they will have one less hour of daylight at the start of each day, making the policy less practical during winter.


Premise: Where were Chopin and Fontana students together?

Hypothesis: Two Polish friends in Paris were also to play important roles in Chopin's life there.


Premise: What has recently become a growing industry in Tibet?

Hypothesis: Tibetan Buddhism is a primary influence on the art, music, and festivals of the region.


Premise: With Madonna's new video, Like A Prayer, the blasphemy that she portrayed in the video led to what consequences?

Hypothesis: The corresponding music video featured many Catholic symbols such as stigmata and cross burning, and a dream of making love to a saint, leading the Vatican to condemn the video.


Premise: What story was written by Child in 1842?

Hypothesis: The first character of this type was the heroine of Lydia Maria Child's "The Quadroons" (1842), a short story.


Premise: What other event supposedly took place that shook people?

Hypothesis: Christian traveller and historian Sextus Julius Africanus and Christian theologian Origen refer to Greek historian Phlegon, who lived in the 2nd century AD, as having written "with regard to the eclipse in the time of Tiberius Caesar, in whose reign Jesus appears to have been crucified, and the great earthquakes which then took place"


Premise: Which Primate can be found in the national park?

Hypothesis: The parks have been seriously affected by the activities of poachers, particularly those from Sudan, over the past two decades.[citation needed]


Premise: The demise of what left considerable confusion as to what was to be meant by "Near East"

Hypothesis: There is, in short, no universally understood fixed inventory of nations, languages or historical assets defined to be in it.


Premise: What was the initial difference between majuscule and minuscule letters?

Hypothesis: Both majuscule and minuscule letters existed, but the difference between the two variants was initially stylistic rather than orthographic and the writing system was still basically unicameral: a given handwritten document could use either one style or the other but these were not mixed.


Premise: In what organisms is oxygen used as eelectron acceptor?

Hypothesis: In anaerobic organisms other inorganic compounds, such as nitrate, sulfate or carbon dioxide are used as electron acceptors.


Premise: What are the two national Islamic holidays?

Hypothesis: A great majority of Muslims fast during Ramadan, although only about one third in the countryside and 10% in the cities observe daily prayer and dietary restrictions.


Premise: What is a brief description of Calvinism?

Hypothesis: Broadly speaking, Calvinism stresses the sovereignty or rule of God in all things — in salvation but also in all of life.


Premise: What happened to many of the structures developed for the World Fairs?

Hypothesis: Both expositions were held in Balboa Park, and many of the Spanish/Baroque-style buildings that were built for those expositions remain to this day as central features of the park.


Premise: What is the name of the LLC sister company of Eon Productions?

Hypothesis: With the acquisition of the film rights and the organisation's re-introduction to the series' continuity, the SPECTRE acronym was discarded and the organisation reimagined as "Spectre".


Premise: Where did the language of Min and Wu dialects originate?

Hypothesis: Quite a few words from the variety of Old Chinese spoken in the state of Wu (where the ancestral language of Min and Wu dialect families originated and which was likely influenced by the Chinese spoken in the state of Chu which itself was not founded by Chinese speakers),[citation needed] and later words from Middle Chinese as well, have retained the original meanings in Hokkien, while many of their counterparts in Mandarin Chinese have either fallen out of daily use, have been substituted with other words (some of which are borrowed from other languages while others are new developments), or have developed newer meanings.


Premise: What aircraft carrier received maintenance at Devonport Dockyard?

Hypothesis: The army had substantially left the city by 1971, with barracks pulled down in the 1960s, however the city remains home to the 42 Commando of the Royal Marines.


Premise: Which unit is a part of the Co-Curricular Studies that offers master's degrees?

Hypothesis: The Centre For Co-Curricular Studies provides elective subjects and language courses outside the field of science for students in the other faculties and departments.


Premise: What is the capacity for Gibson Ampitheatre?

Hypothesis: The finale for season two took place at the Gibson Amphitheatre, which has an audience capacity of over 6,000.


Premise: When did the Suntrust Indy Challenge stop being run at RIR?

Hypothesis: RIR also hosted IndyCar's Suntrust Indy Challenge from 2001 − 2009.


Premise: How often are elections held for the City Parliament?

Hypothesis: The City Parliament decrees regulations and by-laws that are executed by the City Council and the administration.


Premise: Which Tennessee city contains the headquarters of the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy?

Hypothesis: Tennessee is home to several Protestant denominations, such as the National Baptist Convention (headquartered in Nashville); the Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (both headquartered in Memphis); the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy (both headquartered in Cleveland).


Premise: A 4.7 magnitude earthquake that affected New Delhi occurred on what date?

Hypothesis: New Delhi lies on several fault lines and thus experiences frequent earthquakes, most of them of mild intensity.


Premise: What does a "strong" promoter sequence do?

Hypothesis: A gene can have more than one promoter, resulting in messenger RNAs (mRNA) that differ in how far they extend in the 5' end.


Premise: Which three names did MCA use for LaserDisc technology during its development?

Hypothesis: During its development, MCA, which co-owned the technology, referred to it as the Optical Videodisc System, "Reflective Optical Videodisc" or "Laser Optical Videodisc", depending on the document; changing the name once in 1969 to Disco-Vision and then again in 1978 to DiscoVision (without the hyphen), which became the official spelling.


Premise: What legislative body confirms FBI directors?

Hypothesis: FBI Directors are appointed by the President of the United States.


Premise: What animal was greatly hunted during the 18th and 19th centuries?

Hypothesis: Antarctic krill, which congregate in large schools, is the keystone species of the ecosystem of the Southern Ocean, and is an important food organism for whales, seals, leopard seals, fur seals, squid, icefish, penguins, albatrosses and many other birds.


Premise: What does Microsoft Windows use internally for its real-time clock?

Hypothesis: This approach is a problem even in Windows-only systems: there is no support for per-user timezone settings, only a single system-wide setting.


Premise: About how many of Gregory's letters were concerned with Constantinople or Italy?

Hypothesis: The only part of Western Europe where the papacy had influence was Britain, where Gregory had sent the Gregorian mission in 597 to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity.


Premise: How many years may the isolation of the peoples in Beringia lasted?

Hypothesis: Indigenous genetic studies suggest that the first inhabitants of the Americas share a single ancestral population, one that developed in isolation, conjectured to be Beringia.


Premise: What is the A38 called inside the city of Plymouth?

Hypothesis: Within the city it is designated as 'The Parkway' and represents the boundary between the urban parts of the city and the generally more recent suburban areas.


Premise: How many people ride the Mexico city subway system each day?

Hypothesis: Today it has over 201 km (125 mi) of track and carries over 5 million people every day.


Premise: What two formats pioneered the Christmas music tradition in the 1960s?

Hypothesis: The roots of this tradition can be traced back to the beautiful music and easy listening stations of the 1960s and 1970s.


Premise: Who are modern mandolinists and composers?

Hypothesis: Prominent modern mandolinists and composers for mandolin in the classical music tradition include Samuel Firstman, Howard Fry, Rudy Cipolla, Dave Apollon, Neil Gladd, Evan Marshall, Marilynn Mair and Mark Davis (the Mair-Davis Duo), Brian Israel, David Evans, Emanuil Shynkman, Radim Zenkl, David Del Tredici and Ernst Krenek.


Premise: When did the role of dogs change to be more than guardians or walking companions?

Hypothesis: In the 1950s and 1960s, dogs were kept outside more often than they tend to be today (using the expression "in the doghouse" to describe exclusion from the group signifies the distance between the doghouse and the home) and were still primarily functional, acting as a guard, children's playmate, or walking companion.


Premise: How much farther is Neptune from the Sun than Uranus?

Hypothesis: Although Neptune lies over 50% further from the Sun than Uranus, and receives only 40% its amount of sunlight, the two planets' surface temperatures are roughly equal.


Premise: How many different ways can a species be added to the endangered list?

Hypothesis: A "species" under the act can be a true taxonomic species, a subspecies, or in the case of vertebrates, a "distinct population segment.


Premise: When was IBM's system released?

Hypothesis: The first version was ready in 1974/5, and work then started on multi-table systems in which the data could be split so that all of the data for a record (some of which is optional) did not have to be stored in a single large "chunk".


Premise: When was brass first used?

Hypothesis: Zinc metal was not produced on a large scale until the 12th century in India and was unknown to Europe until the end of the 16th century.


Premise: What is Neptune's planet center temperature?

Hypothesis: Because of its great distance from the Sun, Neptune's outer atmosphere is one of the coldest places in the Solar System, with temperatures at its cloud tops approaching 55 K (−218 °C).


Premise: Which Referendum allowed Indigenous Australians to be counted in the Census?

Hypothesis: Holt's government introduced the Migration Act 1966, which effectively dismantled the White Australia Policy and increased access to non-European migrants, including refugees fleeing the Vietnam War.


Premise: What is the difficulty with expanding the gem business in Burma ?

Hypothesis: Many US and European jewellery companies, including Bulgari, Tiffany, and Cartier, refuse to import these stones based on reports of deplorable working conditions in the mines.


Premise: How many bits of control flags did USB 2.0 add?

Hypothesis: Rather than tie up the high-bandwidth USB bus sending data to a slower USB device, the nearest high-bandwidth capable hub receives a SPLIT token followed by one or two USB packets at high bandwidth, performs the data transfer at full or low bandwidth, and provides the response at high bandwidth when prompted by a second SPLIT token.


Premise: Why may older adults quit doing activities the love?

Hypothesis: The older adult may refrain from reporting pain because they are afraid they will have to have surgery or will be put on a drug they might become addicted to.


Premise: What two subjects of Avicenna's have been reprinted extensively?

Hypothesis: The Logic and Metaphysics have been extensively reprinted, the latter, e.g., at Venice in 1493, 1495, and 1546.


Premise: What did ancient Romans use to gild their armor?

Hypothesis: The ancient Romans often used mercury-tin amalgams for gilding their armor.


Premise: What are teeth made out of?

Hypothesis: Teeth are not made of bone, but rather of tissues of varying density and hardness, such as enamel, dentine and cementum.


Premise: What was the nobilities commonwealth?

Hypothesis: Despite having a king, Poland was called the nobility's Commonwealth because the king was elected by all interested members of hereditary nobility and Poland was considered to be the property of this class, not of the king or the ruling dynasty.


Premise: When were the aftershocks recorded?

Hypothesis: Between 64 and 104 major aftershocks, ranging in magnitude from 4.0 to 6.1, were recorded within 72 hours of the main quake.


Premise: What country produced 5.5% of the world's concentrated uranium oxide in 2005?

Hypothesis: The find was the largest of its kind, with industry experts estimating the deposits at over 25% of the world's then known uranium reserves of 800,000 tons.


Premise: When was Yitzhak Rabin assassinated?

Hypothesis: In 1992, Yitzhak Rabin became Prime Minister following an election in which his party called for compromise with Israel's neighbors.


Premise: What tiny object's source plays a role in determining wood density?

Hypothesis: Within an individual tree, the variation in wood density is often as great as or even greater than that between different trees (Timell 1986).


Premise: What are the QF-4 aircraft being replaced by the US Air Force?

Hypothesis: The F-16 is currently used by the USAF Air Demonstration squadron, the Thunderbirds, while a small number of both man-rated and non-man-rated F-4 Phantom II are retained as QF-4 aircraft for use as Full Scale Aerial Targets (FSAT) or as part of the USAF Heritage Flight program.


Premise: What do the Monroeville townspeople call tourists to their town?

Hypothesis: Local residents call them "Mockingbird groupies", and although Lee was not reclusive, she refused publicity and interviews with an emphatic "Hell, no!"


Premise: How many people worldwide were associated with Russell's movement by 1910?

Hypothesis: He identified the religious movement as "Bible Students," and more formally as the International Bible Students Association.


Premise: What did Russell combine at the headquarters?

Hypothesis: Russell moved the Watch Tower Society's headquarters to Brooklyn, New York, in 1909, combining printing and corporate offices with a house of worship; volunteers were housed in a nearby residence he named Bethel.


Premise: What noted religious building was destroyed in the Great Fire?

Hypothesis: Shortly after the British occupation began, the Great Fire of New York occurred, a large conflagration on the West Side of Lower Manhattan, which destroyed about a quarter of the buildings in the city, including Trinity Church.


Premise: What nation lies to the west of the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: The islands are located about halfway between Hawaii and Australia, north of Nauru and Kiribati, east of the Federated States of Micronesia, and south of the U.S. territory of Wake Island, to which it lays claim.


Premise: Along with Libya, Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria, who was a founding member of the Arab Maghreb Union?

Hypothesis: Many African states opposed the UN sanctions, with Mandela criticising them on a visit to Gaddafi in October 1997, when he praised Libya for its work in fighting apartheid and awarded Gaddafi the Order of Good Hope.


Premise: Which group members of The High Llamas are from Cork?

Hypothesis: Singer songwriter Cathal Coughlan and Sean O'Hagan of The High Llamas also hail from Cork.


Premise: What does 'soo and maal' mean in English?

Hypothesis: Another plausible etymology proposes that the term Somali is derived from the Arabic for "wealthy" (dhawamaal), again referring to Somali riches in livestock.


Premise: Carranza met with his opposition at a meeting called what?

Hypothesis: Even though Villa's forces were badly depleted by his loss at Celaya, he continued his fight against the Carranza government.


Premise: Approximately how many troops were in the army Napoleon led into Damascus?

Hypothesis: Bonaparte led these 13,000 French soldiers in the conquest of the coastal towns of Arish, Gaza, Jaffa, and Haifa.


Premise: On what island is the capital of the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: About 27,797 of the islanders (at the 2011 Census) live on Majuro, which contains the capital.


Premise: What was Samuel Crompton's invention of 1775?

Hypothesis: Later, the invention of the James Hargreaves' spinning jenny in 1764, Richard Arkwright's spinning frame in 1769 and Samuel Crompton's spinning mule in 1775 enabled British spinners to produce cotton yarn at much higher rates.


Premise: Tufts- new England medical Center was renamed what?

Hypothesis: Boston Medical Center, located in the South End neighborhood, is the primary teaching facility for the Boston University School of Medicine as well as the largest trauma center in the Boston area; it was formed by the merger of Boston University Hospital and Boston City Hospital, which was the first municipal hospital in the United States.


Premise: What mistake led to the Dust Bowl?

Hypothesis: Over a twenty-year period ending in 1950, the state saw its only historical decline in population, dropping 6.9 percent as impoverished families migrated out of the state after the Dust Bowl.


Premise: Which publication did Tucker work for?

Hypothesis: Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly considered that "As TV, American Idol is crazily entertaining; as music, it's dust-mote inconsequential".


Premise: What are the practices of Buddhism based on?

Hypothesis: Buddhists believe that this is accomplished through the direct understanding and perception of dependent origination and the Four Noble Truths.


Premise: Out of the precipitation that falls, how much of it is snow?

Hypothesis: Temperatures reach 100 °F (38 °C) on 10.4 days of the year, 90 °F (32 °C) on nearly 70 days, and fail to rise above freezing on 8.3 days.


Premise: When did Windows 8 surpass Windows Vistas market share?

Hypothesis: However, intake of Windows 8 still lags behind that of Windows Vista and Windows 7 at the same point in their release cycles.


Premise: What gemstone comes from the CAR?

Hypothesis: For most Central Africans, the informal economy of the CAR is more important than the formal economy.[citation needed]


Premise: In what year was Diana  brought into the pomerium?

Hypothesis: In 206 BC the Sibylline books commended the introduction of cult to the aniconic Magna Mater (Great Mother) from Pessinus, installed on the Palatine in 191 BC.


Premise: What country invaded Panama to capture Noriega?

Hypothesis: Later the U.S. invaded Panama and captured Noriega.


Premise: What is the average maximum daytime temperature in August in Valencia?

Hypothesis: In the warmest month – August, the maximum temperature during the day typically ranges from 28–34 °C (82–93 °F), about 23 °C (73 °F) at night.


Premise: What program can be used to modify files based on ReplayGain measurements?

Hypothesis: MP3Gain may be used to reversibly modify files based on ReplayGain measurements so that adjusted playback can be achieved on players without ReplayGain capability.


Premise: What did the Russians consider Curonians?

Hypothesis: Because of this discrimination, many immigrated to West Germany in 1958, where the majority of Curonians now live.


Premise: What country did Hayek arrive in where he provided his disctinction between totalitarianism and authoritarianism?

Hypothesis: For example, when Hayek visited Venezuela in May 1981, he was asked to comment on the prevalence of totalitarian regimes in Latin America.


Premise: What type of cuisine related events does the island host each year?

Hypothesis: The island hosts gastronomic events throughout the year, with dishes such as spring roll of shrimp and bacon, fresh grilled lobster, Chinese noodle salad with coconut milk, and grilled beef fillet etc.


Premise: What does the Empress give to Christ as depicted by the mosaic?

Hypothesis: The emperor gives a bulging money sack to Christ as a donation for the church.


Premise: How do a person's heart and lungs change during puberty?

Hypothesis: Pubertal development also affects circulatory and respiratory systems as an adolescents' heart and lungs increase in both size and capacity.


Premise: When will the Supreme Court likely hear the case for the second time?

Hypothesis: It will likely be decided by June 2016.


Premise: What observations in astronomy did China record?

Hypothesis: By the 12th century, they could reasonably accurately make predictions of eclipses, but the knowledge of this was lost during the Ming dynasty, so that the Jesuit Matteo Ricci gained much favour in 1601 by his predictions.


Premise: In what was the first Catalan book printed on the Iberian Peninsula?

Hypothesis: The first book produced with movable type in the Iberian Peninsula was printed in Catalan.


Premise: What does the United Network for Organ Sharing do?

Hypothesis: The United Network for Organ Sharing, which maintains the nation's organ transplant waiting list, occupies one building in the park.


Premise: By what percentage has viewership in the US risen from 2012 to 2015?

Hypothesis: NBC Sports reached a six-year extension with the Premier League in 2015 to broadcast the league through the 2021–22 season in a deal valued at $1 billion (£640 million).


Premise: In what ways are madaris similar to western colleges?

Hypothesis: The madaris also resemble colleges, where people take evening classes and reside in dormitories.


Premise: What language is papyrus derived from?

Hypothesis: The word "paper" is etymologically derived from Latin papyrus, which comes from the Greek πάπυρος (papuros), the word for the Cyperus papyrus plant.


Premise: Countries which are established use what amount of pesticides?

Hypothesis: Seventy-five percent of all pesticides in the world are used in developed countries, but use in developing countries is increasing.


Premise: What was Samoa's major production product before the Germans arrived?

Hypothesis: In the period before German colonisation, Samoa produced mostly copra.


Premise: What area of science did Al-Razi contribute to?

Hypothesis: Sabian mathematician Al-Battani (850-929) contributed to astronomy and mathematics, while Persian scholar Al-Razi contributed to chemistry and medicine.


Premise: What does a researcher have to identify to carry out empirical research?

Hypothesis: Anthropologists have contributed to the debate by shifting the focus of research: One of the first challenges for the researcher wishing to carry out empirical research in this area is to identify an appropriate analytical tool.


Premise: What view did the Qua-ran take on the sinful ways in which Mary could have been conceived ?

Hypothesis: Moreover, Hannah's prayer in the Quran for her child to remain protected from Satan (Shayṭān) was said after it had already been born, not before and expresses a natural concern any righteous parent would have.


Premise: In pre-buddhist early Brahminic texts there is no evidence for what?

Hypothesis: Having argued that the cosmological statements in the Upanishads also reflect a contemplative tradition, he argues that the Nasadiya Sukta contains evidence for a contemplative tradition, even as early as the late Rig Vedic period.


Premise: In reference to education in Swaziland, hat is an NCP otherwise known as?

Hypothesis: In Swaziland early childhood care and education (ECCE) centres are in the form of preschools or neighbourhood care points (NCPs).


Premise: How many code points are tamil and Devanagari allocated?

Hypothesis: Some local scholars argued in favor of assignments of Unicode code points to these ligatures, going against the practice for other writing systems, though Unicode contains some Arabic and other ligatures for backward compatibility purposes only.


Premise: What was Captain Byron doing when he visited Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: Captain John Byron passed through the islands of Tuvalu in 1764 during his circumnavigation of the globe as captain of the Dolphin (1751).


Premise: Where were the two major surrenders of British forces in the war?

Hypothesis: Washington's strategy forced the first army out of Boston in 1776, and was responsible for the surrender of the second and third armies at Saratoga (1777) and Yorktown (1781).


Premise: What is a commonly seen example?

Hypothesis: Another common abbreviation is 门 with a "T" written inside it, for 問題, 问题, wèntí ("question; problem"), where the "T" is from pinyin for the second syllable tí 题.


Premise: When was the new idea for the purchasing of eurozone bonds announced?

Hypothesis: On 6 September 2012, the ECB announced a new plan for buying bonds from eurozone countries.


Premise: From whom did Catherine the Great receive assistance in her Enlightenment ideals via correspondence?

Hypothesis: The Russian enlightenment centered on the individual instead of societal enlightenment and encouraged the living of an enlightened life.


Premise: Who beat out Beyonce for Best Female Video ?

Hypothesis: Its failure to win the Best Female Video category, which went to American country


Premise: What was the second american territory the English attempted to colonize?

Hypothesis: It was the second American territory which the English attempted to colonize.


Premise: Who used the figure of the tragic octoroon?

Hypothesis: This character allowed abolitionists to draw attention to the sexual exploitation in slavery and, unlike portrayals of the suffering of the field hands, did not allow slaveholders to retort that the sufferings of Northern mill hands were no easier.


Premise: What are SNES game cartridges officially called in Japan?

Hypothesis: The largest games released (Tales of Phantasia and Star Ocean) contain 48 Mbit of ROM data, while the smallest games contain only 2 Mbit.


Premise: How much in stimulus money was announced in 2008?

Hypothesis: In April 2008, the city announced a $300-million stimulus plan to create jobs and revitalize neighborhoods, financed by city bonds and paid for by earmarking about 15% of the wagering tax.


Premise: The first generation nano suffered from which component getting damaged easily?

Hypothesis: In late 2005, many users complained that the surface of the first generation iPod Nano can become scratched easily, rendering the screen unusable.


Premise: What theism is practice of putting your self on the level of gods?

Hypothesis: These cults were usually associated with a specific temple in honor of the ruler such as the Ptolemaieia at Alexandria and had their own festivals and theatrical performances.


Premise: Half the population of Jews live in what borough of New York City?

Hypothesis: Christianity (59%), particularly Catholicism (33%), was the most prevalently practiced religion in New York as of 2014, followed by Judaism, with approximately 1.1 million Jews in New York City, over half living in Brooklyn.


Premise: Sasha Fierce was created during the making of what song?

Hypothesis: Sasha was conceived during the making of "Crazy in Love", and Beyoncé introduced her with the release of her 2008 album I Am...


Premise: what is a key aspect of the gates foundation in the US

Hypothesis: The foundation was the biggest early backer of the Common Core State Standards Initiative.


Premise: Input and output devices are known as what term?

Hypothesis: A general purpose computer has four main components: the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the input and output devices (collectively termed I/O).


Premise: Where are most of Europe's highest railways located?

Hypothesis: Train travel is well established in the Alps, with, for instance 120 km (75 mi) of track for every 1,000 km2 (390 sq mi) in a country such as Switzerland.


Premise: What is the formal name of Westminster Abbey?

Hypothesis: Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster.


Premise: What is the advantage of using inert gas in a light bulb?

Hypothesis: While inert gas reduces filament evaporation, it also conducts heat from the filament, thereby cooling the filament and reducing efficiency.


Premise: What else would the post-punk bands record under?

Hypothesis: In the United States, driven by MTV and modern rock radio stations, a number of post-punk acts had an influence on or became part of the Second British Invasion of "New Music" there.


Premise: What is the old Quantum  theory?

Hypothesis: The old quantum theory was a collection of results which predate modern quantum mechanics, but were never complete or self-consistent.


Premise: What is used in Catalan as word endings that is different from other similar Romance languages?

Hypothesis: In terms of pronunciation, Catalan has many words ending in a wide variety of consonants and some consonant clusters, in contrast with many other Romance languages.


Premise: Where where the yellow?

Hypothesis: The color issue was not settled until Kenya became independent in 1963, ending the last vestige of the British Empire.


Premise: How many circuit courts of appeal are there in the United States?

Hypothesis: Dominion Resources and MeadWestvaco, Fortune 500 companies, are headquartered in the city, with others in the metropolitan area.


Premise: Who wrote a more professional version of History of the Inductive Sciences?

Hypothesis: The history of science was not a recognized subfield of American history in this period, and most of the work was carried out by interested scientists and physicians rather than professional historians.


Premise: Which prophet cared for Mary?

Hypothesis: Accepted into service by God; cared for by (one of the prophets as per Islam)


Premise: What year did William R. Brody join the IBM Board of Directors?

Hypothesis: The company's 14 member Board of Directors is responsible for overall corporate management.


Premise: What team failed to make it to the playoffs in 2015?

Hypothesis: The 1989 film Back to the Future Part II depicts the Chicago Cubs defeating a baseball team from Miami in the 2015 World Series, ending the longest championship drought in all four of the major North American professional sports leagues.


Premise: What technology is used by night-vision devices?

Hypothesis: Night-vision devices using active near-infrared illumination allow people or animals to be observed without the observer being detected.


Premise: How old are rock drawings in Valcamonica?

Hypothesis: Evidence of human habitation has been found in caves near Vercors, close to Grenoble; in Austria the Mondsee culture shows evidence of houses built on piles to keep them dry.


Premise: Where did a cargo train derail?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, a cargo train carrying 13 petrol tanks derailed in Hui County, Gansu, and caught on fire after the rail was distorted.


Premise: Who's judicial power does congress have the right to limit?

Hypothesis: The power to review the constitutionality of laws may be limited by Congress, which has the power to set the jurisdiction of the courts.


Premise: How many tourists come to Miami each year?

Hypothesis: Along with finance and business, the beaches, conventions, festivals and events draw over 38 million visitors annually into the city, from across the country and around the world, spending $17.1 billion.


Premise: What did the RAF conclude?

Hypothesis: The relieved British began to assess the impact of the Blitz in August 1941, and the RAF Air Staff used the German experience to improve Bomber Command's offensives.


Premise: What date did the cargo flight leave?

Hypothesis: A rescue team from the Red Cross in Taiwan was also scheduled to depart Taipei on a Mandarin Airlines direct chartered flight to Chengdu at 15:00 CST on May 16.


Premise: Adolescene is viewed as what?

Hypothesis: Within all of these perspectives, adolescence is viewed as a transitional period between childhood and adulthood, whose cultural purpose is the preparation of children for adult roles.


Premise: What was the Australian unemployment rate in 1992?

Hypothesis: Unemployment reached 11.4% in 1992.


Premise: Where is Bond brought after he is kidnapped?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, Bond is taken to the old MI6 building, which is scheduled for demolition, and frees himself.


Premise: What is the rate that is used in most of the evidence?

Hypothesis: Other supportive evidence includes: a ≥20% difference in peak expiratory flow rate on at least three days in a week for at least two weeks, a ≥20% improvement of peak flow following treatment with either salbutamol, inhaled corticosteroids or prednisone, or a ≥20% decrease in peak flow following exposure to a trigger.


Premise: In Byzantine Gaza, Jews were relaxed on what ban?

Hypothesis: It is very similar to that of the synagogue at Maon (Menois) and the Christian church at Shellal, suggesting that the same artist most probably worked at all three places.


Premise: Which department did Popper found at the London School of Economics?

Hypothesis: (Lakatos significantly modified Popper's position,:1 and Feyerabend repudiated it entirely, but the work of both is deeply influenced by Popper and engaged with many of the problems that Popper set.)


Premise: Which company continued to use gas-lasers in industrial models of LD players although they were no longer used in consumer models?

Hypothesis: One year earlier Hitachi introduced an expensive industrial player with a laser diode, but the player, which had poor picture quality due to an inadequate dropout compensator, was made only in limited quantities.


Premise: When did Madonna enter mainstream films?

Hypothesis: Madonna entered mainstream films in February 1985, beginning with a brief appearance as a club singer in Vision Quest, a romantic drama film.


Premise: What is the maximum uranium-235 isotope concentration for uranium to be considered depleted?

Hypothesis: To be considered 'depleted', the uranium-235 isotope concentration should be no more than 0.3%.


Premise: Who performs research for Bond?

Hypothesis: Moneypenny informs Bond that the information he collected leads to Mr. White, former member of Quantum, a subsidiary of Spectre.


Premise: What was Van Halen's last album with Sammy Hagar?

Hypothesis: In 1995 Van Halen released Balance, a multi-platinum seller that would be the band's last with Sammy Hagar on vocals.


Premise: How much did the MoD spend on Chinook helicopters?

Hypothesis: The MoD has been criticised for an ongoing fiasco, having spent £240m on eight Chinook HC3 helicopters which only started to enter service in 2010, years after they were ordered in 1995 and delivered in 2001.


Premise: What has caused the mortality rate to decrease?

Hypothesis: Mortality has decreased over the last few decades due to better recognition and improvement in care.


Premise: Where was the Galilean village?

Hypothesis: The term for a Christian in Hebrew is נוּצְרי (Notzri—"Nazarene"), a Talmudic term originally derived from the fact that Jesus came from the Galilean village of Nazareth, today in northern Israel.


Premise: As god of archery, Apollo was known by what name?

Hypothesis: Apollo was called Ismenius (/ɪzˈmiːniəs/ iz-MEE-nee-əs; Ἰσμηνιός, Ismēnios, literally "of Ismenus") after Ismenus, the son of Amphion and Niobe, whom he struck with an arrow.


Premise: Where is Saraiki usually spoken?

Hypothesis: Saraiki is mostly spoken in south Punjab, and Pashto, spoken in some parts of north west Punjab, especially in Attock District and Mianwali District.


Premise: Who must sign a comitment to live by the honor code as part of the application process?

Hypothesis: All students and faculty, regardless of religion, are required to agree to adhere to an honor code.


Premise: When was the word 'samurahi' used?

Hypothesis: By the Heian period, this word had developed into the verb saburahu (さぶらふ, "to serve, to attend"), from which a deverbal noun saburahi (さぶらひ, "servant, attendant") was later derived, and this noun then yielded samurahi (さむらひ) in the Edo period.


Premise: What was another title for the 2009 Human Development Report?

Hypothesis: It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development".


Premise: What properties of graphite improved the filament?

Hypothesis: This transformed the carbon into graphite which further strengthened and smoothed the filament.


Premise: In a realistic model of a capacitor, where else besides between the dielectric between the conductors might an electric field be found?

Hypothesis: In reality there are fringing fields outside the dielectric, for example between the sides of the capacitor plates, which will increase the effective capacitance of the capacitor.


Premise: What sector of Kathmandu doesn't have the word 'sector' in its name?

Hypothesis: Metropolitan Kathmandu is divided into five sectors: the Central Sector, the East Sector, the North Sector, the City Core and the West Sector.


Premise: What church do 90% of Christian minority in Egypt belong?

Hypothesis: Of the Christian minority in Egypt over 90% belong to the native Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, an Oriental Orthodox Christian Church.


Premise: What does the ASPCA recommend for dogs who are not used for breeding purposes?

Hypothesis: Because of the overpopulation of dogs in some countries, many animal control agencies, such as the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), advise that dogs not intended for further breeding should be neutered, so that they do not have undesired puppies that may have to later be euthanized.


Premise: What was the estimated value of CDO issuance at it's peak in Q1 2007?

Hypothesis: CDO issuance grew from an estimated $20 billion in Q1 2004 to its peak of over $180 billion by Q1 2007, then declined back under $20 billion by Q1 2008.


Premise: What's the name of the 578th sheriff of Southampton?

Hypothesis: Catherine McEwing is the current and 578th sherriff.


Premise: Who ranked Houston the 23rd most walkable of the 50 largest cities in the US?

Hypothesis: Of the 10 most populous U.S. cities, Houston has the most total area of parks and green space, 56,405 acres (228 km2).


Premise: What did Paul Feyerabend ultimate do to Popper's philosophy of science?

Hypothesis: (Lakatos significantly modified Popper's position,:1 and Feyerabend repudiated it entirely, but the work of both is deeply influenced by Popper and engaged with many of the problems that Popper set.)


Premise: Why did the Qing Qianlong Emperor send a large Chinese army into Tibet?

Hypothesis: Tibet was dominated by the Manchus in various stages in the 18th century, and the years immediately following the 1792 regulations were the peak of the Qing imperial commissioners' authority; but there was no attempt to make Tibet a Chinese province.


Premise: Which German politician defended comprehensive schools?

Hypothesis: As a reaction, Sigrid Beer (Alliance '90/The Greens) stated that comprehensives were structurally discriminated against by the government, which favoured the Gymnasiums.


Premise: What country outside Ireland is known for having Irish pubs?

Hypothesis: In Ireland, pubs are known for their atmosphere or "craic".


Premise: What religion was Al Farabi?

Hypothesis: Aristotle's theory of tabula rasa was developed by Islamic philosophers starting with Al Farabi, developing into an elaborate theory by Avicenna and demonstrated as a thought experiment by Ibn Tufail.


Premise: Big pop artists account for how what percentage of the views on youtube?

Hypothesis: By early 2013 Billboard had announced that it was factoring YouTube streaming data into calculation of the Billboard Hot 100 and related genre charts.


Premise: How many missions are carried out internally in Canada?

Hypothesis: Specifically, the Canadian Armed Forces are tasked with having the capacity to:


Premise: Where is the mosaic "Ascension of Christ" located?

Hypothesis: The program of redecoration of the church was completed in 1169 as a unique collaboration of the Byzantine emperor, the king of Jerusalem and the Latin Church.


Premise: What is concentrated in the small area called an island?

Hypothesis: The superstructure of a carrier (such as the bridge, flight control tower) are concentrated in a relatively small area called an island, a feature pioneered on the HMS Hermes in 1923.


Premise: What voltage was used in the two lines opened in 1925 of Southern Railway?

Hypothesis: It was announced in 1926 that all lines were to be converted to DC third rail and the last overhead electric service ran in September 1929.


Premise: What was Nasser's position on executing the rioter's leaders?

Hypothesis: While most of the RCC insisted on executing the riot's two ringleaders, Nasser opposed this.


Premise: When was Madonna inducted into the UK Hall of Fame?

Hypothesis: In January 2005, Madonna performed a cover version of the John Lennon song "Imagine" at Tsunami Aid.


Premise: According to the census of 2000, what percentage of Swiss are Buddhists?

Hypothesis: 21.4% in 2012 declared themselves as unchurched i.e. not affiliated with any church or other religious body (Agnostic, Atheist, or just not related to any official religion).


Premise: What do coral and algae produce together?

Hypothesis: A large percentage of herbivores have mutualistic gut flora that help them digest plant matter, which is more difficult to digest than animal prey.


Premise: What artist made portraits of the Chopin family in 1829?

Hypothesis: Here his parents continued running their boarding house for male students; the Chopin Family Parlour (Salonik Chopinów) became a museum in the 20th century.


Premise: How was the ASA scale shown on models built after 1946?

Hypothesis: General Electric switched to use the ASA scale in 1946.


Premise: In what year did Einstein create E = mc2?

Hypothesis: Energy gives rise to weight when it is trapped in a system with zero momentum, where it can be weighed.


Premise: What is the forecast plateau that the population will reach during the 21st century?

Hypothesis: From 1950 to 2011, world population increased from 2.5 billion to 7 billion and is forecast to reach a plateau of more than 9 billion during the 21st century.


Premise: In the 21st Century what has happen to most of Downtown New Haven in terms of retail?

Hypothesis: In recent years, downtown retail options have increased with the opening of new stores such as Urban Oufitters, J Crew, Origins, American Apparel, Gant Clothing, and an Apple Store, joining older stores such as Barnes & Noble, Cutlers Records, and Raggs Clothing.


Premise: What else was housed in the city

Hypothesis: By that time, however, the age of the great cathedrals had come to an end and declining finances prevented the ambitious project from being finished, the construction of the central nave being suspended before the planned flying buttresses could be finished.


Premise: In what year did Lobund at Notre Dame become an Institute?

Hypothesis: In the 1940s Lobund achieved independent status as a purely research organization and in 1950 was raised to the status of an Institute.


Premise: What caused the change of the Institute's name?

Hypothesis: After the grant of the royal charter it had become known as the Royal Institute of British Architects in London, eventually dropping the reference to London in 1892.


Premise: Where does Oklahoma receive hot dry air from?

Hypothesis: Most of the state lies in an area known as Tornado Alley characterized by frequent interaction between cold, dry air from Canada, warm to hot, dry air from Mexico and the Southwestern U.S., and warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico.


Premise: When did the theater in the Plymouth Athenaeum close?

Hypothesis: From 1961 to 2009 it also housed a theatre.


Premise: Which Southern writer deemed it a child's book?

Hypothesis: It's interesting that all the folks that are buying it don't know they're reading a child's book.


Premise: What was canceled for this year of Idol?

Hypothesis: This was also the first season without executive producer Nigel Lythgoe who left to focus on the international versions of his show


Premise: What increased the power in the House of Commons?

Hypothesis: As Victoria's monarchy became more symbolic than political, it placed a strong emphasis on morality and family values, in contrast to the sexual, financial and personal scandals that had been associated with previous members of the House of Hanover and which had discredited the monarchy.


Premise: What did Laird refuse to court-martial Kerry for?

Hypothesis: Kerry participated in the "Winter Soldier Investigation" conducted by VVAW of U.S. atrocities in Vietnam, and he appears in a film by that name that documents the investigation.


Premise: What styles of cooking has Israeli cuisine adopted?

Hypothesis: Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic, and Ashkenazi styles of cooking, along with Moroccan Jewish, Iraqi Jewish, Ethiopian Jewish, Indian Jewish, Iranian Jewish and Yemeni Jewish influences.


Premise: Who also began an inquiry into the question of being?

Hypothesis: He argued that the fact of existence can not be inferred from or accounted for by the essence of existing things, and that form and matter by themselves cannot interact and originate the movement of the universe or the progressive actualization of existing things.


Premise: Dogs exhibit carnivore as well as what other type of dietary behavior?

Hypothesis: Unlike obligate carnivores, such as the cat family with its shorter small intestine, dogs can adapt to a wide-ranging diet, and are not dependent on meat-specific protein nor a very high level of protein in order to fulfill their basic dietary requirements.


Premise: In what year did the Slavic and Finnic tribes rebel againts the Varangians?

Hypothesis: The Varangians are first mentioned imposing tribute from Slavic and Finnic tribes in 859.


Premise: How do Hokkien vowels compare to Standard Mandarin vowels?

Hypothesis: Hokkien has one of the most diverse phoneme inventories among Chinese varieties, with more consonants than Standard Mandarin or Cantonese.


Premise: What two elements have reduced the literary nature of scientific journals?

Hypothesis: Scientific works of Aristotle, Copernicus, and Newton still exhibit great value, but since the science in them has largely become outdated, they no longer serve for scientific instruction.


Premise: What is the only team that has a higher attendance rate than Club Barcelona?

Hypothesis: FC Barcelona has the second highest average attendance of European football clubs only behind Borussia Dortmund.


Premise: What property of treaties must often be interpreted when it's not clear?

Hypothesis: The Vienna Convention states that treaties are to be interpreted "in good faith" according to the "ordinary meaning given to the terms of the treaty in their context and in the light of its object and purpose."


Premise: How many iPods did Apple reveal it sold in April of 2007?

Hypothesis: On April 9, 2007, it was announced that Apple had sold its one-hundred millionth iPod, making it the biggest selling digital music player of all time.


Premise: Why did Frederick reduce his manpower at Prague?

Hypothesis: The Prussian army was too weak to simultaneously besiege Prague and keep Daun away, and Frederick was forced to attack prepared positions.


Premise: What was the most prominent religion in New York as of 2014?

Hypothesis: Christianity (59%), particularly Catholicism (33%), was the most prevalently practiced religion in New York as of 2014, followed by Judaism, with approximately 1.1 million Jews in New York City, over half living in Brooklyn.


Premise: What feeds all the fixtures in low voltage tracks instead of each light having a line-to-low voltage transformer.

Hypothesis: A master transformer feeds all of the fixtures on the track or rod with 12 or 24 volts, instead of each light fixture having its own line-to-low voltage transformer.


Premise: Who was the PM of Britain in 2010?

Hypothesis: As a result of the Strategic Defence and Security Review 2010, Prime Minister David Cameron signed a 50-year treaty with French President Nicolas Sarkozy that would have the two countries co-operate intensively in military matters.


Premise: Where was the Secretary-General of the CPY murdered?

Hypothesis: In 1937, Stalin had the Secretary-General of the CPY, Milan Gorkić, murdered in Moscow.


Premise: What was the name of Kanye's first child with Kim Kardashian?

Hypothesis: November 2013, West stated that he was beginning work on his next studio album, hoping to release it by mid-2014, with production by Rick Rubin and Q-Tip.


Premise: What sport do the Washington Redskins play?

Hypothesis: Richmond is not home to any major league professional sports teams, but since 2013, the Washington Redskins of the National Football League have held their summer training camp in the city.


Premise: Some of these companies include what type of businesses?

Hypothesis: Most of these companies, many of which are internationally known brands, are located within the departure areas.


Premise: When did patents required to implement MP3 expire in most countries?

Hypothesis: As a result, patents required to implement MP3 expired in most countries by December 2012, 21 years after the publication of ISO CD 11172.


Premise: On what geographic feature was KU built?

Hypothesis: Work on the first college building began later that year.


Premise: What is the necessary according to Avicenna?

Hypothesis: The necessary is the source of its own being without borrowed existence.


Premise: What historic era did the Fantastic Four initially inhabit?

Hypothesis: Eschewing such comic-book tropes as secret identities and even costumes at first, having a monster as one of the heroes, and having its characters bicker and complain in what was later called a "superheroes in the real world" approach, the series represented a change that proved to be a great success.


Premise: What is a notable company based in Plymouth?

Hypothesis: Several employers have chosen to locate their headquarters in Plymouth, including Hemsley Fraser.


Premise: How many noble truths are there?

Hypothesis: According to Buddhist tradition, the Buddha lived and taught in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, present-day Nepal sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries


Premise: What percentage of voters preferred statehood?

Hypothesis: In November 2012, a referendum resulted in 54 percent of respondents voting to reject the current status under the territorial clause of the U.S. Constitution, while a second question resulted in 61 percent of voters identifying statehood as the preferred alternative to the current territorial status.


Premise: What property does the final patina on cooper have?

Hypothesis: Architectural copper and its alloys can also be 'finished' to embark a particular look, feel, and/or color.


Premise: Which former enemy wanted an alliance with the Romans?

Hypothesis: Now not only Rome's allies against Philip, but even Philip himself, sought a Roman alliance against the Seleucids.


Premise: Byzantium, Chalcedon, Heraclea Pontica and Tium formed what league?

Hypothesis: In states such as the Achaean league, this also involved the admission of other ethnic groups into the federation with equal rights, in this case, non-Achaeans.


Premise: How many members did the original Houston city council have?

Hypothesis: The original city council line-up of 14 members (nine district-based and five at-large positions) was based on a U.S. Justice Department mandate which took effect in 1979.


Premise: What were the main types of loans in Sumerian society?

Hypothesis: Commercial credit and agricultural consumer loans were the main types of loans.


Premise: Where was Feyman sent after his work at Los Alamos?

Hypothesis: On completing this work he was transferred to the Oak Ridge facility, where he aided engineers in devising safety procedures for material storage so that criticality accidents (for example, due to sub-critical amounts of fissile material inadvertently stored in proximity on opposite sides of a wall) could be avoided.


Premise: What type of vessels were part of a major role in defeating Japan?

Hypothesis: By early 1945 Japanese oil supplies were so limited that its fleet was virtually stranded.


Premise: What language does Czech form a dialect continuum with?

Hypothesis: The languages have not undergone the deliberate highlighting of minor linguistic differences in the name of nationalism as has occurred in the Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian standards of Serbo-Croatian.


Premise: when did the DJ International Tour take place?

Hypothesis: (Heard) and Adonis as the DJ International Tour boosted house in the UK.


Premise: What kind of strategy did the Luftwaffe use to give their bombers better protection?

Hypothesis: To reduce losses further, a change in strategy was also favoured to take place at night, to give the bombers greater protection under cover of darkness.[b]


Premise: What are a couple other ways to write countout?

Hypothesis: Heels often use this tactic in order to buy themselves more time to catch their breath, or to attempt to frustrate their babyface opponents.


Premise: What have been mined in the Alps for thousands of years?

Hypothesis: The Alps are a source of minerals that have been mined for thousands of years.


Premise: Where had Napoleon advanced to when he received word that Paris was lost?

Hypothesis: Alexander told the Sénat that the Allies were fighting against Napoleon, not France, and they were prepared to offer honorable peace terms if Napoleon were removed from power.


Premise: When does energy give rise to weight?

Hypothesis: Mass is also equivalent to a certain amount of energy, and likewise always appears associated with it, as described in mass-energy equivalence.


Premise: How many rounds of anti-defense were fired?

Hypothesis: On 15 October, the bombers returned and about 900 fires were started by the mix of 415 short tons (376 t) of high explosive and 11 short tons (10.0 t) of incendiaries dropped.


Premise: What office publishes the Federal Register?

Hypothesis: It also administers the Electoral College.


Premise: On what day in 2008 did the Marshall Island government declare a state of emergency?

Hypothesis: In 2013, heavy waves once again breached the city walls of Majuro.


Premise: Athanasius began his leading role at what age?

Hypothesis: In 325, at the age of 27, Athanasius began his leading role against the Arians as his bishop's assistant during the First Council of Nicaea.


Premise: How many multiracial people live in the Bronx?

Hypothesis: People of multiracial heritage number over 41,800 individuals and represent 3.0% of the population.


Premise: How many national wildlife refuges are in Oklahoma?

Hypothesis: The Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge is the oldest and largest of nine national wildlife refuges in the state and was founded in 1901, encompassing 59,020 acres (238.8 km2).


Premise: "Near East" applied to this mainly known area

Hypothesis: In about the middle of the 19th century "Near East" came into use to describe that part of the east closest to Europe.


Premise: When was Adventures of Tintin released in the US?

Hypothesis: The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn, was not released until October 2011, due to the complexity of the computer animation involved.


Premise: What is the other term for "pure sense perception"?

Hypothesis: In other words, it is pure appearance, which may or may not be delusive (e.g. mistaking an image in a mirror for "the real thing").


Premise: What was manufactured that helped the Valencian economy improve?

Hypothesis: The 18th century was the age of the Enlightenment in Europe, and its humanistic ideals influenced such men as Gregory Maians and Perez Bayer in Valencia, who maintained correspondence with the leading French and German thinkers of the time.


Premise: What year could be marked as year when electric railways more efficient than diesel ones?

Hypothesis: But as efficiency of electricity generation (and thus of electric traction) improved, by about 1965 electric railways became more efficient than diesel.


Premise: What are the goals of the Building Partnership interactions?

Hypothesis: Through both words and deeds, the majority of interaction is devoted to building trust-based relationships for mutual benefit.


Premise: Where are tornadoes most common on Earth?

Hypothesis: In central portions of the U.S., tornadoes are more common than anywhere else on Earth and touch down most commonly in the spring and summer.


Premise: Who became speakers of Balto-Slavic?

Hypothesis: Proto-Slavic, the supposed ancestor language of all Slavic languages, is a descendant of common Proto-Indo-European, via a Balto-Slavic stage in which it developed numerous lexical and morphophonological isoglosses with the Baltic languages.


Premise: What was the final number of performances in Avenue X's original run?

Hypothesis: The first was Avenue X which opened on 28 January 1994 and ran for 77 performances.


Premise: Catholic people identified with Notre Dame, what religious group did people feel Yale represented?

Hypothesis: Nativism and anti-Catholicism, especially when directed towards immigrants, were cornerstones of the KKK's rhetoric, and Notre Dame was seen as a symbol of the threat posed by the Catholic Church.


Premise: What sea was the Anglo-French naval squadron sent to?

Hypothesis: In spring 1855, the allied British-French commanders decided to send an Anglo-French naval squadron into the Azov Sea to undermine Russian communications and supplies to besieged Sevastopol.


Premise: Why are some leeches endangered?

Hypothesis: Earthworms are Oligochaetes that support terrestrial food chains both as prey and in some regions are important in aeration and enriching of soil.


Premise: What subject did Gaddafi study at the University of LIbya?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi briefly studied History at the University of Libya in Benghazi, before dropping out to join the military.


Premise: What type of structure is the Cathedral of Brasília?

Hypothesis: This concrete-framed hyperboloid structure, seems with its glass roof reaching up, open, to the heavens.


Premise: Who approved the miracle of Paul VI?

Hypothesis: In December 2013, Vatican officials approved a supposed miracle that was attributed to the intercession of the late pontiff which was the curing of an unborn child in California, U.S.A in the 1990s.


Premise: Who made the film O Tamaiti?

Hypothesis: Urale's short film O Tamaiti won the prestigious Best Short Film at the Venice Film Festival in 1996.


Premise: What cross do Jehovah Witnesses claim Jesus was crucified on?

Hypothesis: The Latin word crux was also applied to objects other than a cross.


Premise: Backwoods settlers of Northern Florida are known as

Hypothesis: Americans of English descent and Americans of Scots-Irish descent began moving into northern Florida from the backwoods of Georgia and South Carolina.


Premise: Based on the presence of the M78 subclade, where do some researchers think Somalis originated?

Hypothesis: (2007), the presence of this subhaplogroup in the Horn region may represent the traces of an ancient migration from Egypt/Libya.


Premise: What are the widths of the cloud bands on Neptune?

Hypothesis: These circumferential bands have widths of 50–150 km and lie about 50–110 km above the cloud deck.


Premise: How can you identify a drake from a the female of the species?

Hypothesis: Males, known as drakes, are often larger than females (simply known as ducks) and are differently coloured in some breeds.


Premise: Who put down the rebellions?

Hypothesis: Chinese generals and officials such as Zuo Zongtang led the suppression of rebellions and stood behind the Manchus.


Premise: In what year did Chopin become a French citizen?

Hypothesis: In France he used the French versions of his given names, and after receiving French citizenship in 1835, he travelled on a French passport.


Premise: What ancient civilization utilized neoclassicism in city planning?

Hypothesis: Neoclassicism also influenced city planning; the ancient Romans had used a consolidated scheme for city planning for both defence and civil convenience, however, the roots of this scheme go back to even older civilizations.


Premise: When did mosaic fall out of fashion?

Hypothesis: Mosaic has a long history, starting in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC.


Premise: About how many structures were built in Richmond during the downtown boom?

Hypothesis: After several years of court cases in which Chesterfield County fought annexation, more than 47,000 people who once were Chesterfield County residents found themselves within the city's perimeters on January 1, 1970.


Premise: How many barrels of oil does Prudhoe Bay produce per day?

Hypothesis: Prudhoe Bay on Alaska's North Slope is still the second highest-yielding oil field in the United States, typically producing about 400,000 barrels per day (64,000 m3/d), although by early 2014 North Dakota's Bakken Formation was producing over 900,000 barrels per day (140,000 m3/d).


Premise: What company did critics suggest pressured Everton FC to change their crest?

Hypothesis: Nike, Inc. that evoked the redesign as the number of colours has been reduced and the radial effect have been removed, making the kit more cost efficient to reproduce.[citation needed]


Premise: What was Libya's socialist government called?

Hypothesis: In 1977, Gaddafi dissolved the Republic and created a new socialist state, the Jamahiriya ("state of the masses").


Premise: Why did Blair side with Bush?

Hypothesis: The decisions that led up to the Iraq war and its subsequent conduct are currently the subject of Sir John Chilcot's Iraq Inquiry.


Premise: What country other than Russia declared they'd stay in DST all year?

Hypothesis: The country changed its clocks to Standard Time on 26 October 2014 - and intends to stay there permanently.


Premise: How large was the typical television recommended for the device?

Hypothesis: The NES Test Station's front features a Game Pak slot and connectors for testing various components (AC adapter, RF switch, Audio/Video cable, NES Control Deck, accessories and games), with a centrally-located selector knob to chose which component to test.


Premise: What was ClarisWorks renamed beginning with version 5.0?

Hypothesis: In 1991, Claris released ClarisWorks, which soon became their second best-selling application.


Premise: Which year was the Laetare Medal first given out at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: He wrote, "Notre Dame football is a spiritual service because it is played for the honor and glory of God and of his Blessed Mother.


Premise: What does Oleg do to his horse?

Hypothesis: Oleg goes to visit the horse and stands over the carcass, gloating that he had outlived the threat, when a snake strikes him from among the bones, and he soon becomes ill and dies.


Premise: What is required for the electromagnetic field to come to thermal equilibrium?

Hypothesis: The electromagnetic field obeys laws of motion similarly to a mass on a spring, and can come to thermal equilibrium with hot atoms.


Premise: What film did Jennifer Hudson win an Academy Award for?

Hypothesis: The impact of American Idol is also strongly felt in musical theatre, where many of Idol alumni have forged successful careers.


Premise: What type of lighting can be mounted in the ceiling to appear flush?

Hypothesis: Recessed lighting (often called "pot lights" in Canada, "can lights" or 'high hats" in the US) is popular, with fixtures mounted into the ceiling structure so as to appear flush with it.


Premise: What type of cell travels down the pollen tube while it's growing?

Hypothesis: As the pollen tube grows, it makes its way from the stigma, down the style and into the ovary.


Premise: What was the high end of the estimated death rate of the Black Plague?

Hypothesis: By around 1420, the accumulated effect of recurring plagues and famines had reduced the population of Europe to perhaps no more than a third of what it was a century earlier.


Premise: What was Queen Victoria called after Lady Flora's death due?

Hypothesis: At public appearances, Victoria was hissed and jeered as "Mrs. Melbourne".


Premise: What two countries divvied up the Middle East's countries after WWI?

Hypothesis: " As often happens in countries undergoing social crisis, the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators and modernizers, such as Muhammad Abduh, largely had to yield to retrograde currents.


Premise: In 2007 which Japenese Prime Minister said there was no proof of coercion of women to be sexual slaves?

Hypothesis: A widely publicised example of institutionalised sexual slavery are "comfort women", a euphemism for the 200,000 women, mostly from Korea and China, who served in the Japanese army's camps during World War II.


Premise: What transformed business organization in 1890?

Hypothesis: The creation of a modern industrial economy took place.


Premise: What floor of the Chrysler Building has sculptures of eagles at its corners?

Hypothesis: The buildings have distinctive ornamentation, such as the eagles at the corners of the 61st floor on the Chrysler Building, and are considered some of the finest examples of the Art Deco style.


Premise: Norfolk Island inhabitants and visitors don't pay what?

Hypothesis: Prior to these reforms residents of Norfolk Island were not entitled to social services.


Premise: What was the mass of the wuzhu coin?

Hypothesis: Its use was interrupted briefly by several new currencies introduced during Wang Mang's regime until it was reinstated in 40 AD by Emperor Guangwu.


Premise: What can be considered as set phrases?

Hypothesis: Some of these can be considered logograms, where characters represent whole words rather than syllable-morphemes, though these are generally instead considered ligatures or abbreviations (similar to scribal abbreviations, such as & for "et"), and as non-standard.


Premise: Where did the mass majority stand in relation to having or not having the Mary inception festivals ?

Hypothesis: Popular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception.


Premise: During what years was Cao Xueqin alive?

Hypothesis: One of the most famous works of Chinese literature, A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin (1715–1763), was about the lives of noble women who passed their lives out of public sight within the walls of such mansions.


Premise: Who wrote Touched by the Spirit?

Hypothesis: A very large annual conference regarding that matter was held in Minneapolis.


Premise: The differential analyzer by H.L. Hazen and Vannevar Bush was first being built in what year?

Hypothesis: The art of mechanical analog computing reached its zenith with the differential analyzer, built by H. L. Hazen and Vannevar Bush at MIT starting in 1927.


Premise: What airport is Miami Intermodal Center next to?

Hypothesis: Completion of the Miami Intermodal Center is expected to be completed by winter 2011, and will serve over 150,000 commuters and travelers in the Miami area.


Premise: Electricity production is expected to increase by what percentage each year for the next 25 years?

Hypothesis: It is the most widely used form of renewable energy, accounting for 16 percent of global electricity generation – 3,427 terawatt-hours of electricity production in 2010, and is expected to increase about 3.1% each year for the next 25 years.


Premise: What increased in the 1980s?

Hypothesis: Elizabeth's popularity sank to a low point in the 1990s.


Premise: What did northern leaders agree on about slavery?

Hypothesis: Secession and Confederate nationalism had to be totally repudiated and all forms of slavery or quasi-slavery had to be eliminated.


Premise: How many versions of the iPod currently exist?

Hypothesis: There are three current versions of the iPod: the ultra-compact iPod Shuffle, the compact iPod Nano and the touchscreen iPod Touch.


Premise: What was the final goal of the state economic system?

Hypothesis: The Ottoman economic mind was closely related to the basic concepts of state and society in the Middle East in which the ultimate goal of a state was consolidation and extension of the ruler's power, and the way to reach it


Premise: Who does Melissa Checker have a relationship with?

Hypothesis: Such is the case with environmental justice advocate Melissa Checker and her relationship with the people of Hyde Park.


Premise: In what year was the first black Baptist minister elected to the city council?

Hypothesis: In 1990 religion and politics intersected to impact the outcome of the Eighth District election in South Richmond.


Premise: What body carried out on-site inspection of member schools of the RIBA Board?

Hypothesis: The Guide's section on "Education" records the setting up in 1904 of the RIBA Board of Architectural Education, and the system by which any school which applied for recognition, whose syllabus was approved by the Board and whose examinations were conducted by an approved external examiner, and whose standard of attainment was guaranteed by periodical inspections by a "Visiting Board" from the BAE, could be placed on the list of "recognized schools" and its successful students could qualify for exemption from RIBA examinations.


Premise: In what did Emperor Augustus order the conquest of the Germans?

Hypothesis: Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany.


Premise: How many officers are in the Prefecture of Police of Paris?

Hypothesis: There are 30,200 officers under the prefecture, and a fleet of more than 6,000 vehicles, including police cars, motorcycles, fire trucks, boats and helicopters.


Premise: What leader was victorious at the Battle of Poitiers?

Hypothesis: Such warfare was exploited by Pippin (d. 640), the Mayor of the Palace for Austrasia who became the power behind the Austrasian throne.


Premise: After it became known that Sands and Chopin were unmarried where did they end up taking up shelter?

Hypothesis: Sand, who was six years older than the composer, and who had had a series of lovers, wrote at this time: "I must say I was confused and amazed at the effect this little creature had on me ...


Premise: How have the friar organizations contributed to the struggle in Burma?

Hypothesis: A number of monks' organisations that played a vital role in Myanmar's struggle for democracy have taken measures to block any humanitarian assistance to the Rohingya community.


Premise: What were provinces broken up into?

Hypothesis: Below the province were prefectures (府, fu) operating under a prefect (知府, zhīfǔ), followed by subprefectures under a subprefect.


Premise: What farms use biologically destructive pesticides

Hypothesis: On monoculture farms, the approach is generally to eradicate associated diversity using a suite of biologically destructive pesticides, mechanized tools and transgenic engineering techniques, then to rotate crops.


Premise: What wholly-owned affiliate of this company did Marvel operate within?

Hypothesis: In 1968, while selling 50 million comic books a year, company founder Goodman revised the constraining distribution arrangement with Independent News he had reached under duress during the Atlas years, allowing him now to release as many titles as demand warranted.


Premise: What is the name of the process by which pests are attracted and repelled using IPM.

Hypothesis: "Push" means the insects are repelled or deterred away from whatever resource that is being protected.


Premise: What was the lowest class of Roman citizens?

Hypothesis: "In a very real sense the senate was the caretaker of the Romans’ relationship with the divine, just as it was the caretaker of their relationship with other humans".


Premise: How does the Faraday constant relate to the Planck constant?

Hypothesis: Substituting the definitions of NA and e, and converting from conventional electrical units to SI units, gives the relation to the Planck constant.


Premise: Who visited the scouts on their return from the tour of Africa in 1937?

Hypothesis: The visit is described in Lord Baden-Powell's book entitled African Adventures.


Premise: What general crossed across the Danube at Vidin?

Hypothesis: Simultaneously, in the east, the Ottomans crossed the Danube at Silistra and attacked the Russians at Oltenița.


Premise: What program saw more viewers than American Idol this season?

Hypothesis: Season eleven, however, suffered a steep drop in ratings, a drop attributed by some to the arrival of new shows such as The Voice and The X-Factor.


Premise: What was the Act of Mediation responsible for restoring?

Hypothesis: Henceforth, much of Swiss politics would concern balancing the cantons' tradition of self-rule with the need for a central government.


Premise: What did Gregor Mendel explain his results in terms of?

Hypothesis: He described these mathematically as 2n combinations where n is the number of differing characteristics in the original peas.


Premise: What race did the Omaha view a multiracial child with a white father to be?

Hypothesis: By contrast, among the patrilineal Omaha, for example, the child of a white man and Omaha woman was considered "white"; such mixed-race children and their mothers would be protected, but the children could formally belong to the tribe as members only if adopted by a man.


Premise: Philip II used a dense military formation called what?

Hypothesis: The use of war elephants also became common.


Premise: What was uplifted from extreme compressive stresses and pressure?

Hypothesis: Under extreme compressive stresses and pressure, marine sedimentary rocks were uplifted, creating characteristic recumbent folds, or nappes, and thrust faults.


Premise: Which network was used to exchange goods with Rome?

Hypothesis: These connections marked the beginning of the Silk Road trade network that extended to the Roman Empire, bringing Han items like silk to Rome and Roman goods such as glasswares to China.


Premise: The conquest of the territory lasted nearly how long?

Hypothesis: Around 1528, a group of Spaniard explorers, led by Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, first entered the actual territory of what is now Chihuahua.


Premise: Who wrote War on the Floor: An Average Guy Plays in the Arena Football League and Lives to Write About It?


Premise: What do dogs represent to Christians?

Hypothesis: In Christianity, dogs represent faithfulness.


Premise: Which empire did Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu rebel against?

Hypothesis: Kuaiji Commandery was the initial power base for Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu's rebellion against the Qin Empire which initially succeeded in restoring the kingdom of Chu but eventually fell to the Han.


Premise: When did Philip form and alliance with Hannibal of Carthage?

Hypothesis: In 198 BC, during the Second Macedonian War Philip was decisively defeated at Cynoscephalae by the Roman proconsul Titus Quinctius Flamininus and Macedon lost all its territories in Greece proper.


Premise: What is the STA?

Hypothesis: There were also 22 established ISPs and 234 cyber cafes, with an annual growth rate of 15.6%.


Premise: Who was a god of plague?

Hypothesis: Homer interprets Apollo as a terrible god (δεινὸς θεός) who brings death and disease with his arrows, but who can also heal, possessing a magic art that separates him from the other Greek gods.


Premise: What was Turkey red called in France?

Hypothesis: One popular color imported into Europe from Turkey and India in the 18th and early 19th century was Turkey red, known in France as rouge d'Adrinople.


Premise: Where is the Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit based?

Hypothesis: The command includes Joint Task Force 2 (JTF2), the Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit (CJIRU) based at CFB Trenton, as well as the Canadian Special Operations Regiment (CSOR) and 427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron (SOAS) based at CFB Petawawa.


Premise: When was the slide rule first invented?

Hypothesis: The slide rule was invented around 1620–1630, shortly after the publication of the concept of the logarithm.


Premise: During what stage of development is there increased parent-child conflict and a less cohesive familial bond?

Hypothesis: When children go through puberty, there is often a significant increase in parent–child conflict and a less cohesive familial bond.


Premise: What two letters can be replaced with each other a lot of the time in Estonian?

Hypothesis: Often 'b' & 'p' are interchangeable, for example 'baggage' becomes 'pagas', 'lob' (to throw) becomes 'loopima'.


Premise: What is the typical diet consist of for qails ?

Hypothesis: Being a largely ground-dwelling, gregarious bird, domestication of the quail was not difficult, although many of its wild instincts are retained in captivity.


Premise: What golf course hosts the Farmers Insurance Open?

Hypothesis: The annual Farmers Insurance Open golf tournament (formerly the Buick Invitational) on the PGA Tour occurs at Torrey Pines Golf Course.


Premise: In what year did the Melbourne Cricket Club secure possession of its now famous ground, the MCG?

Hypothesis: In 1855 the Melbourne Cricket Club secured possession of its now famous ground, the MCG.


Premise: The vast majority of the Jewish victims of the Holocaust spoke which language?

Hypothesis: Of the estimated 8.8 million Jews living in Europe at the beginning of World War II, the majority of whom were Ashkenazi, about 6 million –


Premise: Who attacked Valencia with French soldiers but failed to capture it?

Hypothesis: The mutineers seized the Citadel, a Supreme Junta government took over, and on 26–28 June, Napoleon's Marshal Moncey attacked the city with a column of 9,000 French imperial troops in the First Battle of Valencia.


Premise: How is childcare viewed in a hunter-gatherer society?

Hypothesis: Since childcare is collective, with every baby having multiple mothers and male carers, the domestic sphere is not atomised or privatised but an empowering place to be.[citation needed]


Premise: Around 1528, a group of Spaniards entered the territory that now makes up what state?

Hypothesis: The conquest of the territory lasted nearly one century, and encountered fierce resistance from the Conchos tribe, but the desire of the Spanish Crown to transform the region into a bustling mining center led to a strong strategy to control the area.


Premise: What shops were catered to the Tibetan market?

Hypothesis: Silk workshops during the Ming also catered specifically to the Tibetan market with silk clothes and furnishings featuring Tibetan Buddhist iconography.


Premise: Where did the Roman Empire move to in 330 AD?

Hypothesis: The Hellenistic period may be seen to end either with the final conquest of the Greek heartlands by Rome in 146 BC following the Achean War, with the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, or even the move by Roman emperor Constantine the Great of the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in 330 AD.


Premise: How many republics were in the USSR?

Hypothesis: By that time, Soviet Russia had gained roughly the same borders of the old Tsardom of Russia before the Great Northern War of 1700.


Premise: Was there anything good that could be found from the divergence into exchange ?

Hypothesis: The Diafotismos is credited with revitalizing Greek culture and giving birth to the synthesis of ancient and medieval elements that characterize it today.


Premise: What do Astrophysicists use to describe outer space beyond the karman line?

Hypothesis: Beyond this line, isotropic gas pressure rapidly becomes insignificant when compared to radiation pressure from the Sun and the dynamic pressure of the solar winds, so the definition of pressure becomes difficult to interpret.


Premise: Which design feature did Smith eventually use to make production of a newly designed board more cost-efficient?

Hypothesis: Smith's design used fewer RAM chips than the Lisa, which made production of the board significantly more cost-efficient.


Premise: How many major mountain ranges are in Oklahoma?

Hypothesis: A portion of the Flint Hills stretches into north-central Oklahoma, and near the state's eastern border, Cavanal Hill is regarded by the Oklahoma Tourism & Recreation Department as the world's tallest hill;


Premise: What has the study of fungi in Antarctica shown about these organisms?

Hypothesis: Those features can also be observed in algae and cyanobacteria, suggesting that these are adaptations to the conditions prevailing in Antarctica.


Premise: What was Makdisi accused of doing when evaluating the parallels between European and Islamic schools?

Hypothesis: Generally, some reviewers have pointed out the strong inclination of Makdisi of overstating his case by simply resting on "the accumulation of close parallels", but all the while failing to point to convincing channels of transmission between the Muslim and Christian world.


Premise: What other specific types of food does the city offer?

Hypothesis: Restaurants specializing in the regional cuisines of Mexico's 31 states are available in the city.


Premise: What was the name of the corporation that looked over common task?

Hypothesis: The provincial diet of East Prussia elected a provincial executive body (government), the provincial committee (Provinzialausschuss), and a head of province, the Landeshauptmann ("Land Captain"; till the 1880s titled Landdirektor, land director).


Premise: What feature begins on the centre spread of The Times?

Hypothesis: The Times features news for the first half of the paper, the Opinion/Comment section begins after the first news section with world news normally following this.


Premise: When could record album covers first be found?

Hypothesis: By about 1910,[note 1] bound collections of empty sleeves with a paperboard or leather cover, similar to a photograph album, were sold as record albums that customers could use to store their records (the term "record album" was printed on some covers).


Premise: Why is xenon gas not more widely used?

Hypothesis: Xenon gas improves efficiency because of its high molecular weight, but is also more expensive, so its use is limited to smaller lamps.


Premise: When did the Zahringer ruling family rise to power?

Hypothesis: According to 14th century historiography (Cronica de Berno, 1309), Bern was founded in 1191 by Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen.


Premise: Where was the iHeartRadio Music Festival held in 2013?

Hypothesis: On 20 September 2013, Queen + Adam Lambert performed at the iHeartRadio Music Festival at the MGM Grand Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas.


Premise: What sensations did Mill differentiate?

Hypothesis: Secondly, Mill's formulation leaves open the unsettling possibility that the "gap-filling entities are purely possibilities and not actualities at all".


Premise: In what year was the Nanjing Railway Station re-built?

Hypothesis: Reconstruction of the station was finished on September 1, 2005.


Premise: When were the Serranos Towers constructed?

Hypothesis: Some of the most emblematic buildings of the city were built during this period, including the Serranos Towers (1392), the Lonja (1482), the Miguelete and the Chapel of the Kings of the Convent of Santo Domingo.


Premise: Why did rulers and governments in Europe form universities?

Hypothesis: Princes and leaders of city governments perceived the potential benefits of having a scholarly expertise develop with the ability to address difficult problems and achieve desired ends.


Premise: What is Albert Einstein known for?

Hypothesis: Albert Einstein is known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity.


Premise: What is a benefit of using equalization devices?

Hypothesis: With low frequencies, the stylus must swing a long way from side to side, requiring the groove to be wide, taking up more space and limiting the playing time of the record.


Premise: When did Valencian regain its offical status?

Hypothesis: Spanish is official in all of Spain, whereas Valencian is official in the Valencian Country, as well as in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands, where it receives the name of Catalan.


Premise: In 1806, what Ottoman ruler recognized Napoleon as Emperor?

Hypothesis: In February 1806, Ottoman Emperor Selim III finally recognized Napoleon as Emperor.


Premise: What part of London constitutes the bulk of the city?

Hypothesis: The bulk of this conurbation forms Greater London,[note 1] a region of England governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.[note 2]


Premise: When did the Royal Naval Engineering College shut its doors in Plymouth?

Hypothesis: The college closed in 1910, but in 1940 a new college opened at Manadon.


Premise: What country provides the highest rate of support for cotton growers?

Hypothesis: The 25,000 cotton growers in the United States of America are heavily subsidized at the rate of $2 billion per year although China now provides the highest overall level of cotton sector support.