Premise: Which alumni was a co-creator of "The Young and the Restless", and "The Bold and the Beautiful"?

Hypothesis: The Young and the Restless in 1973 and The Bold and the Beautiful in 1987.


Premise: On what date were CBC's remaining analogue transmitters shut down?

Hypothesis: On July 17, 2012, the CRTC approved the shut down of CBC's analogue transmitters, noting that "while the Commission has the discretion to refuse to revoke broadcasting licences, even on application from a licensee, it cannot direct the CBC or any other broadcaster to continue to operate its stations and transmitters."


Premise: What did Madonna give to Letterman to smell in his late night show that created an uproar?

Hypothesis: In March 1994, she appeared as a guest on the Late Show with David Letterman, using profanity that required censorship on television, and handing Letterman a pair of her panties and asking him to smell it.


Premise: In what periodical was the new sovereign status of the Russian Federation first published?

Hypothesis: On December 24, Yeltsin informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations that by agreement of the member states of the CIS Russian Federation would assume the membership of the Soviet Union in all UN organs (including permanent membership in the UN Security Council).


Premise: The grid covers the length of the island from what starting point?

Hypothesis: The grid covers the length of the island from 14th Street north.


Premise: What are the first names of the men that invented youtube?

Hypothesis: Karim did not attend the party and denied that it had occurred, but Chen commented that the idea that YouTube was founded after a dinner party "was probably very strengthened by marketing ideas around creating a story that was very digestible".


Premise: In what body of water do the rivers Plym and Tamar meet?

Hypothesis: Since 1967, the unitary authority of Plymouth has included the, once independent, towns of Plympton and Plymstock which lie along the east of the River Plym.


Premise: How many people work for RIBA Enterprises?

Hypothesis: It employs over 250 staff, approximately 180 of whom are based in Newcastle.


Premise: What century did Ralph Waldo Emerson write in?

Hypothesis: Some consider the Old Corner Bookstore, where these writers met and where The Atlantic Monthly was first published, to be "cradle of American literature.


Premise: When did Tito die?

Hypothesis: His left leg was amputated soon afterward due to arterial blockages and he died of gangrene at the Medical Centre Ljubljana on 4 May 1980 at 15:05, three days short of his 88th birthday.


Premise: Who was the new lead singer for Van Halen on 5150?

Hypothesis: When Wet (1986), mixed hard rock with a pop sensitivity and spent a total of 8 weeks at the top of the Billboard 200 album chart, selling 12 million copies in the US while becoming the first hard rock album to spawn three top 10 singles — two of which reached number one.


Premise: How many slave uprisings were there between the years of 135 BC and 71 BC?

Hypothesis: In 91 BC the Social War broke out between Rome and its former allies in Italy when the allies complained that they shared the risk of Rome's military campaigns, but not its rewards.


Premise: The Western Armenian voiced /d/ compares to the Eastern Armenian voiceless what?

Hypothesis: Western Armenian has a two-way distinction between aspirated and voiced: /tʰ


Premise: Who was the Malbork Castle built for?

Hypothesis: The Palais des Papes in Avignon is the best complete large royal palace, alongside the Royal palace of Olite, built during the 13th and 14th centuries for the kings of Navarre.


Premise: When did Lee die?

Hypothesis: To Kill a Mockingbird was Lee's only published book until Go


Premise: What basic concepts did Whitehead believe were questionable?

Hypothesis: In Whitehead's view, then, concepts such as "quality", "matter", and "form" are problematic.


Premise: What are the common characteristics of the Alpine Orogenic Belt?

Hypothesis: Peaks such as Mont Blanc, the Matterhorn, and high peaks in the Pennine Alps, the Briançonnais, and Hohe Tauern consist of layers of rock from the various orogenies including exposures of basement rock.


Premise: What muscle movements are used for digestion?

Hypothesis: Underlying the process is muscle movement throughout the system through swallowing and peristalsis.


Premise: Coat of arms would be shared with who else?

Hypothesis: They would also share arms with families adopted into the clan (these would often have their arms officially altered upon ennoblement).


Premise: La Salle Street runs between Amsterdam Avenue and which other Avenue?

Hypothesis: -73.9575 La Salle Street is a street in West Harlem that runs just two blocks between Amsterdam Avenue and Claremont Avenue.


Premise: Where is the National Museum of Visual Arts located?

Hypothesis: The National Museum of Visual Arts in Parque Rodó has Uruguay's largest collection of paintings.


Premise: What silent movie film star who made movies such as The Little Tramp hailed from London?

Hypothesis: Notable actors and filmmakers from London include; Charlie Chaplin, Alfred Hitchcock, Michael Caine, Helen Mirren, Gary Oldman, Christopher Nolan, Jude Law, Tom Hardy, Keira Knightley and Daniel Day-Lewis.


Premise: Up to what wavelength does the human eye perceive IR LED sources as red?

Hypothesis: The human eye is markedly less sensitive to light above 700 nm wavelength, so longer wavelengths make insignificant contributions to scenes illuminated by common light sources.


Premise: Who initially held a strong position during the battle at the border?

Hypothesis: This battle saw the unsupported division of General Douay of I Corps, with some attached cavalry, which was posted to watch the border, attacked in overwhelming but uncoordinated fashion by the German 3rd Army.


Premise: What percent of Boston's population commutes by walking?

Hypothesis: As of 2015[update], Walk Score still ranks Boston as the third most walkable US city, with a Walk Score of 80, a Transit Score of 75, and a Bike Score of 70.


Premise: If you needed to place an antenna somewhere with a large amount of interference, which type would be best?

Hypothesis: They interact with the magnetic field of the radio wave instead of the electric field as other antennas do, and so are relatively insensitive to nearby electrical noise.


Premise: When did Burke decide Indianism was the worst threat?

Hypothesis: But of this I am sure; that the first is the worst by far, and the hardest to deal with; and for this amongst other reasons, that it weakens discredits, and ruins that force, which ought to be employed with the greatest Credit and Energy against the other; and that it furnishes Jacobinism with its strongest arms against all formal Government".


Premise: In Swaziland, what is kwetfwasa?

Hypothesis: The training of the Sangoma is called "kwetfwasa".


Premise: What is specified in big-game hunting?

Hypothesis: Regulations for big-game hunting often specify a minimum caliber or muzzle energy for firearms.


Premise: The mercenary leaders became infamous in England for what?

Hypothesis: These men included soldiers who would become infamous in England for their uncivilised behaviour, including Falkes de Breauté, Geard d'Athies, Engelard de Cigongé and Philip Marc.


Premise: What kind of turnout did the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights experience in the 2009 elections?

Hypothesis: Sassou also won the following presidential election in July 2009.


Premise: What Nigerian state is trying to make Sharia law part of its constitution?

Hypothesis: Some northern states have incorporated Sharia law into their previously secular legal systems, which has brought about some controversy.


Premise: What kept Captain Cook from getting too close to Antarctica?

Hypothesis: This happened three days before Bransfield sighted land, and ten months before Palmer did so in November 1820.


Premise: How many dates did Beyonce's "The Mrs. Carter Show" entail?

Hypothesis: In May, Beyoncé's cover of Amy Winehouse's "Back to Black" with André 3000 on The Great Gatsby soundtrack was released.


Premise: What did the Destroyers for Bases Agreement do?

Hypothesis: One of the terms of the agreement was that the airfield the US Army built would be used jointly by the US and the UK (which it was for the duration of the war, with RAF Transport Command relocating there from Darrell's Island in 1943).


Premise: What branch of the Department for Transport has its headquarters in Southampton?

Hypothesis: Southampton is home to the headquarters of both the Maritime and Coastguard Agency and the Marine Accident Investigation Branch of the Department for Transport in addition to cruise operator Carnival UK.


Premise: Who represents the congress in Ann Arbor?

Hypothesis: On the state level, the city is part of the 18th district in the Michigan Senate, represented by Democrat Rebekah Warren.


Premise: Is there a final endpoint in identity development?

Hypothesis: Studies also confirm the impermanence of the stages; there is no final endpoint in identity development.


Premise: Who was responsible for the 2011 Norway attacks?

Hypothesis: Later the perpetrator was revealed to be Anders Behring Breivik, a Norwegian nationalist.


Premise: Along with Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton, Montreal, Winnipeg, Hamilton and Vancouver, what Canadian city has a significant Somali population?

Hypothesis: In Canada, the cities of Toronto, Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton, Montreal, Vancouver, Winnipeg and Hamilton all harbor Somali populations.


Premise: The Byzantine term Sklavinoi was loaned into Arabic as Saqaliba by who?

Hypothesis: The Byzantine term Sklavinoi was loaned into Arabic as Saqaliba صقالبة (sing.


Premise: Greece and ESA signed their first agreement in what year?

Hypothesis: In 1994 Greece and ESA signed their first cooperation agreement.


Premise: What non winning major party nominees studied at Yale?

Hypothesis: Yale alumni were represented on the Democratic or Republican ticket in every U.S. Presidential election between 1972 and 2004.


Premise: When did the Solar Challenger cross the English Channel?

Hypothesis: It is a single-seat plane powered by solar cells and capable of taking off under its own power.


Premise: When was Rocco John Ritchie born?

Hypothesis: Madonna married Ritchie the following day at nearby Skibo Castle.


Premise: The Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge crosses what river?

Hypothesis: The Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge across the Cooper River opened on July 16, 2005, and was the second-longest cable-stayed bridge in the Americas at the time of its construction.[citation needed]


Premise: Diseases with vector transmission or sexual transmission don't often require what type of isolation?

Hypothesis: Other types of infectious/transmissible/communicable diseases with more specialized routes of infection, such as vector transmission or sexual transmission, are usually not regarded as "contagious", and often do not require medical isolation (sometimes loosely called quarantine) of victims.


Premise: Who was the Battle of Hakusukinoe against?

Hypothesis: One of the most important was that of the Taika Reform, issued by Prince Naka


Premise: The Nazi Hunger Plan and Generalplan Ost resulted in the death and imprisonment of how many people?

Hypothesis: The Nazi Hunger Plan and Generalplan Ost would have led to the starvation of 80 million people in the Soviet Union.


Premise: Who's equations  helped to imply vanishing of the Ricci tensor?

Hypothesis: Vacuum does not mean that the curvature of space-time is necessarily flat: the gravitational field can still produce curvature in a vacuum in the form of tidal forces and gravitational waves (technically, these phenomena are the components of the Weyl tensor).


Premise: What is the name of the largest zoo in Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: Nehru Zoological Park, the city's one large zoo, is the first in India to have a lion and tiger safari park.


Premise: What branch of government can determine what acts it writes?

Hypothesis: These oaths affirm that the rule of law is superior to the rule of any human leader.


Premise: In what year was the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established?

Hypothesis: In the 1990s and 2000s (decade), Portugal modernized its public cultural facilities, in addition to the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established in 1956 in Lisbon.


Premise: Until when did Henry III continue his attempts to reclaim Normandy?

Hypothesis: Louis gave up his claim to the English throne and signed the Treaty of Lambeth.


Premise: In 2007 the University of the Republic had a student body of how many people?

Hypothesis: It was founded on 18 July 1849 in Montevideo, where most of its buildings and facilities are still located.


Premise: The first woman to launch into space was on what date?

Hypothesis: The Soviet Union duplicated its dual-launch feat with Vostok 5 and Vostok 6 (June 16, 1963).


Premise: What percentage of shares in Arsenal did Kroenke own by 2011?

Hypothesis: Kroenke first launched a bid for the club in April 2007, and faced competition for shares from Red and White Securities, which acquired its first shares off David Dein in August 2007.


Premise: Outside of North America, if someone said "lumber," to what would they be referring?

Hypothesis: Elsewhere, lumber usually refers to felled trees, and the word for sawn planks ready for use is timber.


Premise: What is the original cell of the plant?

Hypothesis: A single fertilized egg cell, the zygote, gives rise to the many different plant cell types including parenchyma, xylem vessel elements, phloem sieve tubes, guard cells of the epidermis, etc.


Premise: Where are pointed arches and vaulted ceilings found on most secular Gothic structures?

Hypothesis: Most surviving small secular buildings are relatively plain and straightforward; most windows are flat-topped with mullions, with pointed arches and vaulted ceilings often only found at a few focal points.


Premise: What iPod feature allowed for USB connections with the device?

Hypothesis: As of the first-generation iPod Nano and the fifth-generation iPod Classic, Apple discontinued using FireWire for data transfer (while still allowing for use of FireWire to charge the device) in an attempt to reduce cost and form factor.


Premise: When was the first slow-scan video systems researched?

Hypothesis: Attempts at using normal telephony networks to transmit slow-scan video, such as the first systems developed by AT&T Corporation, first researched in the 1950s, failed mostly due to the poor picture quality and the lack of efficient video compression techniques.


Premise: What is palatalization?

Hypothesis: Palatalization means that the center of the tongue is raised during and after the articulation of the consonant.


Premise: What was the name of the 83.5 kg stone that symbolized the Unspunnenfest, first held in 1805?

Hypothesis: It is also central to the Unspunnenfest, first held in 1805, with its symbol the 83.5 kg stone named Unspunnenstein.


Premise: What is kleptoparasitism?

Hypothesis: Kleptoparasitism is thought to be a supplement to food obtained by hunting, rather than a significant part of any species' diet; a study of great frigatebirds stealing from masked boobies estimated that the frigatebirds stole at most 40% of their food and on average stole only 5%.


Premise: When did Pope Saint XXIII die?

Hypothesis: In a consistory on 12 January 1953 Pope Pius XII made Roncalli a cardinal as the Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prisca in addition to naming him as the Patriarch of Venice.


Premise: Who was the President of France in 1953?

Hypothesis: As a sign of his esteem, the President of France, Vincent Auriol, claimed the ancient privilege possessed by French monarchs and bestowed the red biretta on Roncalli at a ceremony in the Élysée Palace.


Premise: What protects the polymers in rubber from ultraviolet radiation?

Hypothesis: Zinc oxide is widely used as a white pigment in paints, and as a catalyst in the manufacture of rubber.


Premise: How was Sanskrit originally used?

Hypothesis: Knowledge of Sanskrit was a marker of social class and educational attainment in ancient India, and the language was taught mainly to members of the higher castes through the close analysis of Vyākaraṇins such as Pāṇini and Patanjali, who exhorted proper Sanskrit at all times, especially during ritual.


Premise: Because of the EPA, how many Marines would the United States be able to send to Guam to live?

Hypothesis: By 2012, these plans had been cut to only have a maximum of 4,800 Marines stationed on the island, two thirds of which would be there on a rotational basis without their dependents.


Premise: Beyonce's younger sibling also sang with her in what band?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé's name is a tribute to her mother's maiden name.


Premise: After 2009, who began fighting in Waziristan?

Hypothesis: Waziristan had now become the new battlefield for Kashmiri militants, who were now fighting NATO in support of Al-Qaeda.


Premise: What is required by the second stage in the education provisions set out by RIBA?

Hypothesis: Part I which is generally a three-year first degree, a year-out of at least one year work experience in an architectural practice precedes the Part II which is generally a two-year post graduate diploma or masters.


Premise: What Security Council Resolution ended UN Trusteeship over the Marshalls?

Hypothesis: The independence procedure was formally completed under international law in 1990, when the UN officially ended the Trusteeship status pursuant to Security Council Resolution 683.


Premise: In which direction would you travel from Portsmouth to reach Southampton?

Hypothesis: Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest.


Premise: What is the estimated population of Greater Boston?

Hypothesis: Greater Boston as a commuting region is home to 8.1 million people, making it the sixth-largest combined statistical area in the United States.


Premise: Who adopted Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr?

Hypothesis: Later the Egyptians ended up killing Uthman ibn al-Affan.


Premise: What's the name of the wall tower that was the first of its kind in England built for artillery purposes?

Hypothesis: Over the years it has been used as home to the city's gunner, the Town Gaol and even as storage for the Southampton Harbour Board.


Premise: What country promised aid to Mysore to fight the British?

Hypothesis: However, most of them were bound to pay regular tribute to the Marathas.


Premise: What is the amount of bacteria in human intestines?

Hypothesis: The presence of this gut flora also inhibits the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria (usually through competitive exclusion) and these beneficial bacteria are consequently sold as probiotic dietary supplements.


Premise: How many American service personnel died in World War II?

Hypothesis: Over 16 million served (about 11% of the population), and over 400,000 died during the war.


Premise: How many methods of judiciary corruption are there?

Hypothesis: Judicial corruption can be difficult to completely eradicate, even in developed countries.


Premise: What did Nicholas Leonard say united post-punk?

Hypothesis: Nicholas Lezard wrote that the music of the period "was avant-garde, open to any musical possibilities that suggested themselves, united only in the sense that it was very often cerebral, concocted by brainy young men and women interested as much in disturbing the audience, or making them think, as in making a pop song".


Premise: What were the reasons for people to begin leaving Alsace?

Hypothesis: Thus, it is not surprising that people left Alsace, not only for Paris – where the Alsatian community grew in numbers, with famous members such as Baron Haussmann – but also for more distant places like Russia and the Austrian Empire, to take advantage of the new opportunities offered there: Austria had conquered lands in Eastern Europe from the Ottoman Empire and offered generous terms to colonists as a way of consolidating its hold on the new territories.


Premise: What was the lifespan of Theodore Hesburgh?

Hypothesis: In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million.


Premise: Who designed the pavilion at the State Summer Residence?

Hypothesis: The Brijuni islands were the site of the State Summer Residence from 1949 on.


Premise: What are forensic anthropologists very good at identifying?

Hypothesis: He asked, "If races don't exist, why are forensic anthropologists so good at identifying them?"


Premise: In what treatise did negative numbers first appear?

Hypothesis: Negative numbers were also used by the Greek mathematician Diophantus in about 275 AD, but were not widely accepted in Europe until the 16th century AD.


Premise: How has "Process and Reality" been described?

Hypothesis: Whitehead questioned western philosophy's most dearly held assumptions about how the universe works, but in doing so he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions.


Premise: When was the first madolin made in the US?

Hypothesis: Mandolin awareness in the United States blossomed in the 1880s, as the instrument became part of a fad that continued into the mid-1920s.


Premise: What is Europe's largest university for degrees in communication and performing arts?

Hypothesis: A number of universities in London are outside the University of London system, including Brunel University, City University London, Imperial College London, Kingston University, London Metropolitan University, Middlesex University, University of East London, University of West London and University of Westminster, (with over 34,000 students, the largest unitary university in London), London South Bank University, Middlesex University, University of the Arts London (the largest university of art, design, fashion, communication and the performing arts in Europe), University of East London, the University of West London and the University of Westminster.


Premise: What is Oklahoma's record low temperature for Nov 11?

Hypothesis: Because of Oklahoma's position between zones of differing prevailing temperature and winds, weather patterns within the state can vary widely over relatively short distances and can change drastically in a short time.


Premise: From what did Chinese characters derive?

Hypothesis: Unlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation.


Premise: When was the draft passed to have MPEG-1 Audio approved as a standard?

Hypothesis: MP3 was designed by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) as part of its MPEG-1 standard and later extended in the MPEG-2 standard.


Premise: Where did Churchill want the Australian divisions bound for Singapore to be diverted to?

Hypothesis: The Japanese Army opposed the plan and it was rejected in favour of a policy of isolating Australia from the United States via blockade by advancing through the South Pacific.


Premise: When did Richards publish his mtDNA research?

Hypothesis: This haplogroup is also thought to possibly correlate with the Afro-Asiatic language family:


Premise: Toward what area did the New Haven militia march for three days following the powder house incident?

Hypothesis: Under Captain Benedict Arnold, they broke into the powder house to arm themselves and began a three-day march to Cambridge, Massachusetts.


Premise: When was the Japanese submarine offensive against Australia?

Hypothesis: The Japanese submarine offensive against Australia in 1942 and 1943 also achieved little.


Premise: How many species of game fish have hunting seasons?

Hypothesis: The Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks manages fishing and hunting seasons for at least 17 species of game fish including seven species of trout, walleye and smallmouth bass and at least 29 species of game birds and animals including ring-neck pheasant, grey partridge, elk, pronghorn antelope, mule deer, whitetail deer, gray wolf and bighorn sheep.


Premise: What did the expiation of a prodigy impose?

Hypothesis: The Senate decided whether a reported prodigy was false, or genuine and in the public interest, in which case it was referred to the public priests, augurs and haruspices for ritual expiation.


Premise: What was introduced that made using Mac OS alternative operating systems easier?

Hypothesis: Originally, the hardware architecture was so closely tied to the Mac OS operating system that it was impossible to boot an alternative operating system.


Premise: When was the Commonwealth of Australia created?

Hypothesis: Since Norfolk Island fell within New Zealand's area of responsibility it was garrisoned by a New Zealand Army unit known as N Force at a large Army camp which had the capacity to house a 1,500 strong force.


Premise: Brown is associated with what parties?

Hypothesis: Purple Party" is also used as an academic hypothetical of an undefined party, as a Centrist party in the United States (because purple is created from mixing the main parties' colors of red and blue) and as a highly idealistic "peace and love" party—in a similar vein to a Green Party, perhaps.


Premise: What did Intel unsuccessfully try to push Apple to migrate to?

Hypothesis: Apple's product design and engineering didn't help matters as they restricted the use of the '040 to their expensive Quadras for a time while the 486 was readily available to OEMs as well as enthusiasts who put together their own machines.


Premise: What beans are used to make falafel?

Hypothesis: Fava bean is also used in making falafel (also known as "ta'meyya"), which may have originated in Egypt and spread to other parts of the Middle East.


Premise: In Eastern Armenian, aspirated consonants occur in what?

Hypothesis: In Wahgi, consonants are aspirated only in final position.


Premise: What occupation did Hayek's grandfather's have?

Hypothesis: His father's career as a university professor influenced Friedrich's goals later in life.


Premise: Why were experiments done on luminiferous aether in the 19 Century?

Hypothesis: 19th century experiments into this luminiferous aether attempted to detect a minute drag on the Earth's orbit.


Premise: How many years was Saint Athanasius of Alexandria in exile?

Hypothesis: His episcopate lasted 45 years (c. 8 June 328 – 2 May 373), of which over 17 were spent in five exiles ordered by four different Roman emperors.


Premise: Who did the network of fortifications on the island favor?

Hypothesis: The network of bunkers and pillboxes greatly favored the defender.


Premise: Who was Mania in Roman religion?

Hypothesis: Political or military executions were sometimes conducted in such a way that they evoked human sacrifice, whether deliberately or in the perception of witnesses; Marcus Marius Gratidianus was a gruesome example.


Premise: What nation lost the Battle of Yarmouk?

Hypothesis: The defeat of the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius at the Battle of Yarmouk opened the way for the Muslim expansion into Jerusalem and Syria.


Premise: What followed the collapse of imperial Tibet?

Hypothesis: Tibet continued as a Central Asian empire until the mid-9th century, when a civil war over succession led to the collapse of imperial Tibet.


Premise: What was the design for low cost data encryption named?

Hypothesis: A year later IBM launched Secure Blue, a low-cost hardware design for data encryption that can be built into a microprocessor.


Premise: How does the magnetic field help the bird at different latitudes?

Hypothesis: A young bird on its first migration flies in the correct direction according to the Earth's magnetic field, but does not know how far the journey will be.


Premise: What group took issue with the Roman canons?

Hypothesis: The protest centered on the standard defense that canon law could be retained so long as it did not contradict the civil law.


Premise: What year was the first full season with night baseball at Wrigley Field?

Hypothesis: In 1989, the first full season with night baseball at Wrigley Field, Don Zimmer's Cubs were led by a core group of veterans in Ryne Sandberg, Rick Sutcliffe and Andre Dawson, who were boosted by a crop of youngsters such as Mark Grace, Shawon Dunston, Greg Maddux, Rookie of the Year Jerome Walton, and Rookie of the Year Runner-Up Dwight Smith.


Premise: Politicians who were at the end of their political careers were offered what kind of position with companies they were involved with politically?

Hypothesis: Gombeenism refers to an individual who is dishonest and corrupt for the purpose of personal gain, more often through monetary, while, parochialism which is also known as parish pump politics relates to placing local or vanity projects ahead of the national interest.


Premise: When did the US begin to take census?

Hypothesis: " Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850.


Premise: Who is in charge of the Command and Control operations?

Hypothesis: Command and control is "the exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission.


Premise: Who was the author of the epic poem Aeneid?

Hypothesis: Virgil represents the pinnacle of Roman epic poetry.


Premise: What was the date of Anthonio Colve's capture of New York?

Hypothesis: On August 24, 1673, Dutch captain Anthonio Colve took over the colony of New York from England and rechristened it "New Orange" to honor the Prince of Orange, King William III.


Premise: Which type of vault can be used for rectangular and trapezoidal shaped roofs?

Hypothesis: The Gothic vault, unlike the semi-circular vault of Roman and Romanesque buildings, can be used to roof rectangular and irregularly shaped plans such as trapezoids.


Premise: On what day and month did Bell die?

Hypothesis: By way of reply, Bell traced the sign for "no" in the air


Premise: When hydrogen oxidates, what is it removing?

Hypothesis: Oxidation of hydrogen removes its electron and gives H+, which contains no electrons and a nucleus which is usually composed of one proton.


Premise: Which German chancellor was criticized by The Sun?

Hypothesis: An unflattering picture of German chancellor Angela Merkel, taken from the rear, bore the headline "I'm Big in the Bumdestag" (17 April 2006).


Premise: Who came in second place in election for Egypt president to es-Sisi?

Hypothesis: Originally, the parliament was to be formed before the president was elected, but interim president Adly Mansour pushed the date.


Premise: What was the affect of the dam on the stresses in that area?

Hypothesis: An article in Science suggested that the construction and filling of the Zipingpu Dam may have triggered the earthquake.


Premise: Who made up most of the primary labor force of cotton plantations?

Hypothesis: Slaves were also the primary labor force within the city, working as domestics, artisans, market workers, and laborers.


Premise: What year did the King's brother die in service?

Hypothesis: It makes me feel we can look the East End in the face".


Premise: How many pieces did Chopin compose in 1842?

Hypothesis: Whereas in 1841 he had written a dozen works, only six were written in 1842 and six shorter pieces in 1843.


Premise: When was the most recent constitution of the Marshall Islands adopted?

Hypothesis: The government of the Marshall Islands operates under a mixed parliamentary-presidential system as set forth in its Constitution.


Premise: Where is East Cooper Regional Medical Center?

Hypothesis: The Trident Regional Medical Center located in the City of North Charleston and East Cooper Regional Medical Center located in Mount Pleasant also serve the needs of residents of the city of Charleston.


Premise: Where did NATO begin naval operations after 2002?

Hypothesis: " NATO started naval operations in the Mediterranean Sea designed to prevent the movement of terrorists or weapons of mass destruction as well as to enhance the security of shipping in general called Operation Active Endeavour.


Premise: Where was Horace-Benedict de Saussure born?

Hypothesis: Two men who first explored the regions of ice and snow were Horace-Bénédict de Saussure (1740–1799) in the Pennine Alps, and the Benedictine monk of Disentis Placidus a Spescha (1752–1833).


Premise: Who created the CTAG?

Hypothesis: Helsinki-86 was the first openly anti-Communist organization in the U.S.S.R., and the first openly organized opposition to the Soviet regime, setting an example for other ethnic minorities' pro-independence movements.[citation needed]


Premise: After what language evolved was writing introduced?

Hypothesis: Sanskrit originated in an oral society, and the oral tradition was maintained through the development of early classical Sanskrit literature.


Premise: Who created the song "Charleston Rag"?

Hypothesis: The geechee dances that accompanied the music of the dock workers in Charleston followed a rhythm that inspired Eubie Blake's "Charleston Rag" and later James P. Johnson's "The Charleston", as well as the dance craze that defined a nation in the 1920s.


Premise: When did Richard Tappin Claridge patent asphalt for use in pavement?

Hypothesis: Then on 25 November 1837, Richard Tappin Claridge patented the use of Seyssel asphalt (patent #7849), for use in asphalte pavement, having seen it employed in France and Belgium when visiting with Frederick Walter Simms, who worked with him on the introduction of asphalt to Britain.


Premise: Who was the JK Bridge named for?

Hypothesis: It is named after Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira, former president of Brazil.


Premise: What are some bands that Wi-Fi can operate over?

Hypothesis: Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequencies such as 2.5 GHz (EBS/BRS), 3.65 GHz (NN) and in the UHF band (including the MMDS frequency band) and LMDS.[citation needed]


Premise: What did a 4 July 2003 front page story claim?

Hypothesis: Subsequently The Sun published a follow-up headlined "Now they're after our fish!".


Premise: What muscle movements are used for digestion?

Hypothesis: Examples may be seen in humans, who differ considerably from other hominids (lack of hair, smaller jaws and musculature, different dentition, length of intestines, cooking, etc.).


Premise: What language do most historians agree upon where the Greek names for the British Isles came from?

Hypothesis: Historians today, though not in absolute agreement, largely agree that these Greek and Latin names were probably drawn from native Celtic-language names for the archipelago.


Premise: What notable shop is located in a grade II listed building?

Hypothesis: At the west end of the zone inside a grade II listed building is the Pannier Market that was completed in 1959 – pannier meaning "basket" from French, so it translates as "basket market".


Premise: When did Burke charge Hastings for impeachment?

Hypothesis: On 4 April 1786, Burke presented the Commons with the Article of Charge of High Crimes and Misdemeanors against Hastings.


Premise: Which three religious groups lived in Valencia?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, Muslims who remained in the city after the conquest were entrenched in a Moorish neighbourhood next to the present-day market Mosen Sorel.


Premise: Who hosts shows on BBC broadcasts outside of England?

Hypothesis: The other nations of the United Kingdom (Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland) have been granted more autonomy from the English network; for example, programmes are mostly introduced by local announcers, rather than by those in London.


Premise: When was Australian's megafauna widespread?

Hypothesis: However, in other locations such as Australia, humans are thought to have played a very significant role in the extinction of the Australian megafauna that was widespread prior to human occupation.


Premise: What factors can affect the classification of "blackness"?

Hypothesis: In a number of countries, societal variables affect classification as much as skin color, and the social criteria for "blackness" vary.


Premise: Due to being a coastal city, how much snow does the city gets?

Hypothesis: Winters are cold with moderate snowfall interspersed with rainfall and occasionally mixed precipitation.


Premise: What happens when the private banking system is weakened?

Hypothesis: However, if the debt rescheduling causes losses on loans held by European banks, it weakens the private banking system, which then puts pressure on the central bank to come to the aid of those banks.


Premise: Russia has a military base in which city in Armenia?

Hypothesis: At the request of the Armenian government, Russia maintains a military base in the northwestern Armenian city of Gyumri as a deterrent against Turkey.[citation needed]


Premise: On what date did the NTC government enter the Arab League?

Hypothesis: On 25 August, the Arab League recognised the NTC to be "the legitimate representative of the Libyan state", on which basis Libya would resume its membership in the League.


Premise: What type of operations were mainly done by Canadian forces?

Hypothesis: Land Forces during this period also deployed in support of peacekeeping operations within United Nations sanctioned conflicts.


Premise: What are some animals native to Antarctica?

Hypothesis: There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent.


Premise: What did Nasser do to Sarraj to try and help the political situation?

Hypothesis: Aburish states that Nasser was not fully capable of addressing Syrian problems because they were "foreign to him".


Premise: What does the Centre For Addiction and Mental heal along with the American Psychiatric association state about sexual orientation?

Hypothesis: Often, sexual orientation and sexual orientation identity are not distinguished, which can impact accurately assessing sexual identity and whether or not sexual orientation is able to change; sexual orientation identity can change throughout an individual's life, and may or may not align with biological sex, sexual behavior or actual sexual orientation.


Premise: The imperial family of Rome used the church of Santa Costanza as what?

Hypothesis: The Roman church of Santa Costanza, which served as a mausoleum for one or more of the Imperial family, has both religious mosaic and decorative secular ceiling mosaics on a round vault, which probably represent the style of contemporary palace decoration.


Premise: What's the common language that around 20% of Suriname's people speak?

Hypothesis: The lingua franca of Suriname, however, is Sranan Tongo, spoken natively by about a fifth of the population.


Premise: When was Sharif re-elected CM?

Hypothesis: The current Chief Minister is Shahbaz Sharif, who became the Chief Minister of Punjab as being restored after Governor's rule starting from 25 February 2009 to 30 March 2009.


Premise: Where does 24th street start?

Hypothesis: 24th Street starts at First Avenue and it ends at Madison Avenue, because of Madison Square Park.


Premise: What is one way to abbreviate the Solar Hiljri calender?

Hypothesis: The year of Prophet Muhammad's migration to Medina (622 CE) is fixed as the first year of the calendar, and the New Year's Day always falls on the March equinox.


Premise: Where have many birds established breeding populations?

Hypothesis: Many bird species have established breeding populations in areas to which they have been introduced by humans.


Premise: Who commanded the U.S. Army in the battle against Mexico City?

Hypothesis: After defeating the Saint Patrick's Battalion, the Mexican–American War came to a close after the United States deployed combat units deep into Mexico resulting in the capture of Mexico City and Veracruz by the U.S. Army's 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Divisions.


Premise: What consumed the Near East as far as the Red Sea?

Hypothesis: Their original Middle East consumed the Near East as far as the Red Sea, ceded India to the Asia and Oceania region, and went into partnership with North Africa as far as the Atlantic.


Premise: How far do glaciers generally move per day?

Hypothesis: There may be no motion in stagnant areas; for example, in parts of Alaska, trees can establish themselves on surface sediment deposits.


Premise: What year was Prohibition enacted nationally?

Hypothesis: Nucky Johnson's income, which reached as much as $500,000 annually, came from the kickbacks he took on illegal liquor, gambling and prostitution operating in the city, as well as from kickbacks on construction projects.


Premise: What is the basis of capitalization standards for the sentence-style capitalization?

Hypothesis: The convention followed by many British publishers (including scientific publishers, like Nature, magazines, like The Economist and New Scientist, and newspapers, like The Guardian and The Times) and U.S. newspapers is to use sentence-style capitalisation in headlines, where capitalisation follows the same rules that apply for sentences.


Premise: When did the Andronovo culture exist?

Hypothesis: The Andronovo culture is the suggested candidate for the common Indo-Iranian culture ca.


Premise: Where does phosphate within a leaf move in the fall?

Hypothesis: But in the fall, phosphate, along with the other chemicals and nutrients, moves out of the leaf into the stem of the plant.


Premise: How many broadcasters did Japan have sharing a single channel?

Hypothesis: In addition, recording and reproducing an HDTV signal was a significant technical challenge in the early years of HDTV (Sony HDVS).


Premise: Laws were formulated in what country?

Hypothesis: As the Laws were formulated in England, and were initially administered solely by the four British football associations within IFAB, the standard dimensions of a football pitch were originally expressed in imperial units.


Premise: Who stated that Madonna's voice are key to her rock roots?

Hypothesis: Of this experience she commented, "I studied with a vocal coach for Evita and I realized there was a whole piece of my voice I wasn't using.


Premise: What year was Whitehead born?

Hypothesis: Alfred North Whitehead was born in Ramsgate, Kent, England, in 1861.


Premise: What year did he gain citizenship in France?

Hypothesis: In his last years, he was financially supported by his admirer Jane Stirling, who also arranged for him to visit Scotland in 1848.


Premise: Why did the US impose an arms embargo on Turkey?

Hypothesis: International pressure led to a ceasefire, and by then 37% of the island had been taken over by the Turks and 180,000 Greek Cypriots had been evicted from their homes in the north.


Premise: Where do flying toilets end up after use?

Hypothesis: Many of Namibia's inhabitants have to resort to "flying toilets", plastic bags to defecate which after use are flung into the bush.


Premise: What was Sergey Lavrov's position?

Hypothesis: Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said Russia would work "immediately" to convince Syria relinquish and destroy its large chemical weapons arsenal.


Premise: Along with psychology, neuroscience, endocrinology, medicine, history and sociology, what field has engaged in research on emotion?

Hypothesis: Research on emotion has increased significantly over the past two decades with many fields contributing including psychology, neuroscience, endocrinology, medicine, history, sociology, and even computer science.


Premise: How much had the book earned Darwin by the time he died?

Hypothesis: (eventually Murray paid £180 to Darwin for the 1st edition and by Darwin's death in 1882 the book was in its 6th edition, earning Darwin nearly £3000.)


Premise: what was the policy that Universal followed in its early years?

Hypothesis: However, by April 1927, Carl Laemmle considered this to be a mistake as "unclean pictures" from other studios were generating more profit while Universal was losing money.


Premise: What is an often used term for British withdrawal from the European Union?

Hypothesis: Clegg denied that the Queen made such a statement, and a Buckingham Palace spokesperson confirmed that a complaint had been made to the Independent Press Standards Organisation over a breach of guidelines relating to accuracy.


Premise: What type of estates did Hellenistic monarchs run their kingdoms?

Hypothesis: Hellenistic monarchs ran their kingdoms as royal estates and most of the heavy tax revenues went into the military and paramilitary forces which preserved their rule from any kind of revolution.


Premise: Is I-91 similar to I-95 in terms of bad traffic?

Hypothesis: I-95 is infamous for traffic jams increasing with proximity to New York City; on the east side of New Haven it passes over the Quinnipiac River via the Pearl Harbor Memorial, or "Q Bridge", which often presents a major bottleneck to traffic. I-91, however, is relatively less congested, except at the intersection with I-95 during peak travel times.


Premise: When did Belon make his shipbuilding observations?

Hypothesis: One hundred years after the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Pierre Belon described in his work Observations in 1553 that pissasphalto, a mixture of pitch and bitumen, was used in Dubrovnik for tarring of ships from where it was exported to a market place in Venice where it could be bought by anyone.


Premise: In what part of Manhattan is the Museum Mile located?

Hypothesis: Museum Mile is the name for a section of Fifth Avenue running from 82nd to 105th streets on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, in an area sometimes called Upper Carnegie Hill.


Premise: When was the Canadian Joint Operations Command established?

Hypothesis: The new command, created as a response to the cost-cutting measures in the 2012 federal budget, combines the resources, roles and responsibilities of the three former commands under a single headquarters.


Premise: How many people watched American Idols finale in season 14?

Hypothesis: The fourteenth season finale was the lowest-rated finale ever, with an average of only 8.03 million viewers watching the finale.


Premise: What organization ranked New Delhi 39th in economic activity in 2011?

Hypothesis: The 2011 World Wealth Report ranks economic activity in New Delhi at 39, but overall the capital is ranked at 37, above cities like Jakarta and Johannesburg.


Premise: What gives way to the growth of plant species with secondary metabolites important for medicinal purposes?

Hypothesis: Origanum vulgare, Prunella vulgaris, Solanum nigrum and Urtica dioica are some of the more useful medicinal species found in the Alps.


Premise: Following Alberts death, what was the first year that Victoria attended the State opening of Parliment?

Hypothesis: The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electorate by extending the franchise to many urban working men, though she was not in favour of votes for women.


Premise: What were three sites used for filming Spectre?

Hypothesis: Mendes revealed that production would begin on 8 December 2014 at Pinewood Studios, with filming taking seven months.


Premise: As what can divergence in the groups be shown?

Hypothesis: Despite its relative lexical unity, the two dialectal blocks of Catalan (Eastern and Western) show some differences in word choices.


Premise: In what year was the Community Party of China created?

Hypothesis: The Communist Party of China, founded in 1920, adopted the red flag and hammer and sickle emblem of the Soviet Union, which became the national symbols when the Party took power in China in 1949.


Premise: In what form does half of Charleston's annual rainfall occur?

Hypothesis: Summer is the wettest season; almost half of the annual rainfall occurs from June to September in the form of thundershowers.


Premise: What caused a Tetanus outbreak?

Hypothesis: A drug was considered misbranded if it contained alcohol, morphine, opium, cocaine, or any of several other potentially dangerous or addictive drugs, and if its label failed to indicate the quantity or proportion of such drugs.


Premise: Who defined god as "that than which nothing greater can be conceived"?

Hypothesis: Famed pantheist philosopher Baruch Spinoza would later carry this idea to its extreme: "By God I understand a being absolutely infinite, i.e., a substance consisting of infinite attributes, of which each one expresses an eternal and infinite essence."


Premise: What is the busiest highway in Oklahoma?

Hypothesis: In 2008, Interstate 44 in Oklahoma City was Oklahoma's busiest highway, with a daily traffic volume of 123,300 cars.


Premise: How many of the lakes were a danger to people?

Hypothesis: As a result of the magnitude 7.9 earthquake and the many strong aftershocks, many rivers became blocked by large landslides, which resulted in the formation of "quake lakes" behind the blockages; these massive amounts of water were pooling up at a very high rate behind the natural landslide dams and it was feared that the blockages would eventually crumble under the weight of the ever-increasing water mass, potentially endangering the lives of millions of people living downstream.


Premise: What was the biggest factor in the decline in Atlantic City's popularity?

Hypothesis: Like many older east coast cities after World War II, Atlantic City became plagued with poverty, crime, corruption, and general economic decline in the mid-to-late 20th century.


Premise: What period was the Jin kingdom in?

Hypothesis: Law enforcement in Ancient China was carried out by "prefects" for thousands of years since it developed in both the Chu and Jin kingdoms of the Spring and Autumn period.


Premise: What is the reason the Sahara lacks moisture?

Hypothesis: The primary source of rain in the Sahara is the equatorial low a continuous belt of low-pressure systems near the equator which bring the brief, short and irregular rainy season to the Sahel and the southern Sahara.


Premise: Sheryl Crow felt the show undermined art and promoted what?

Hypothesis: Singer Sheryl Crow, who was later to act as a mentor on the show, however took the view that the show "undermines art in every way and promotes commercialism".


Premise: Near what river were the Avars originally based?

Hypothesis: In the 560s the Avars began to expand from their base on the north bank of the Danube; by the end of the 6th century they were the dominant power in Central Europe and routinely able to force the eastern emperors to pay tribute.


Premise: Along with "daylight saving" and "daylight savings," what alternate form does Merriam-Webster's include?

Hypothesis: ("Although daylight saving time is considered correct, daylight savings time (with an "s") is commonly used.")


Premise: New Haven has a large immigrant population, what seems to be one of the main cause of it throughout the last century?

Hypothesis: Previous influxes among ethnic groups have been African-Americans in the postwar era, and Irish, Italian and (to a lesser degree)


Premise: What type of fixtures do you use for indoor lighting?

Hypothesis: Indoor lighting is usually accomplished using light fixtures, and is a key part of interior design.


Premise: In what borough did the Stonewall riots happen?

Hypothesis: They are widely considered to constitute the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBT rights in the United States.


Premise: When did Serbian troops notice enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac?

Hypothesis: On 30 September 1915, troops of the Serbian Army observed three enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac.


Premise: What is the adult literacy rate in Portugal?

Hypothesis: According to the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2009, the average Portuguese 15-year-old student, when rated in terms of reading literacy, mathematics and science knowledge, is placed at the same level as those students from the United States, Sweden, Germany, Ireland, France, Denmark, United Kingdom, Hungary and Taipei, with 489 points (493 is the average).


Premise: What do many Ashkenazi Jews study outside of the Yeshiva framework?

Hypothesis: In recent years, there has been increased interest in Kabbalah, which many Ashkenazi Jews study outside of the Yeshiva framework.


Premise: Which act created the kingdom of Great Britain?

Hypothesis: Presbyterian church government was ensured in Scotland by the Acts of Union in 1707 which created the kingdom of Great Britain.


Premise: As an inhaler, what was epinephrine used to treat?

Hypothesis: Injected epinephrine proved to be especially efficacious for the acute treatment of asthma attacks, and an inhaled version was sold in the United States until 2011 (Primatene Mist).


Premise: What school in New Haven is known for it's theater being used by both students and church?

Hypothesis: Cooperative Arts and Humanities High School also boasts a state-of-the-art theatre on College Street.


Premise: What did many Romans claim in the Republican era?

Hypothesis: In the mid-to-late Republican era, and probably much earlier, many of Rome's leading clans acknowledged a divine or semi-divine ancestor and laid personal claim to their favour and cult, along with a share of their divinity.


Premise: What building did Julian want to rebuild?

Hypothesis: The empire once again fell under Christian control, this time permanently.


Premise: Which composer featured Sanskrit music in his movies?

Hypothesis: Composer John Williams featured choirs singing in Sanskrit for Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom and in Star Wars:


Premise: How many soldiers were there in the entire U.S. Army at the end of 2016?

Hypothesis: In the fiscal year 2016, the projected end strength for the Regular Army (USA) was 475,000 soldiers; the Army National Guard (ARNG) had 342,000 soldiers, and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) had 198,000 soldiers; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,015,000 soldiers.


Premise: In square kilometers, how large was the lot Universal sold to MCA?

Hypothesis: After a period of complete shutdown, a moribund Universal agreed to sell its 360-acre (1.5 km²) studio lot to MCA in 1958, for $11 million, renamed Revue Studios.


Premise: When did California's largest wildfire of the century take place?

Hypothesis: In October 2003, San Diego was the site of the Cedar Fire, which has been called the largest wildfire in California over the past century.


Premise: What is the goal of protecting National Parks from damage?

Hypothesis: National park and nature reserve is the area selected by governments or private organizations for special protection against damage or degradation with the objective of biodiversity and landscape conservation.


Premise: What is the name of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community's published Quran commentary?

Hypothesis: Because the Quran is spoken in classical Arabic, many of the later converts to Islam (mostly non-Arabs) did not always understand the Quranic Arabic, they did not catch allusions that were clear to early Muslims fluent in Arabic and they were concerned with reconciling apparent conflict of themes in the Quran.


Premise: How many major department stores did Baltimore have at the time?

Hypothesis: All major cities have their distinctive local department stores, which anchored the downtown shopping district until the arrival of the malls in the 1960s.


Premise: Where was Jim Foster when he came up with the idea for arena football?

Hypothesis: He presented the idea to a few friends at the NFL offices, where he received praise and encouragement for his concept.


Premise: What is the most current HDTV system development?

Hypothesis: In the beginning of the 21st century, this race has continued with 4k, 5k and current 8K systems.


Premise: How many newborn American babies were affected by thalidomide?

Hypothesis: Several thousand newborns in Europe and elsewhere suffered the teratogenic effects of thalidomide.


Premise: How many fleet carriers were lost by the Japanese in the Battle of Midway?

Hypothesis: For the second time, Japanese expansion had been checked and its formidable Combined Fleet was significantly weakened by the loss of four fleet carriers and many highly trained, virtually irreplaceable, personnel.


Premise: How many albums did "Music" sell in the first 10 days?

Hypothesis: " The album took the number-one position in more than 20 countries worldwide and sold four million copies in the first ten days.


Premise: What is a "C-note" a reference to?

Hypothesis: The $100 note is nicknamed "Benjamin", "Benji", "Ben", or "Franklin" (after Benjamin Franklin), "C-note" (C being the Roman numeral for 100), "Century note" or "bill" (e.g. "two bills" being $200).


Premise: When did Greece join the Eurozone?

Hypothesis: A founding member of the United Nations, Greece was the tenth member to join the European Communities (precursor to the European Union) and has been part of the Eurozone since 2001.


Premise: Who was the Foreign Minister who indicated Chinese officials wanted supporting demonstrators to show up and show their point of view?

Hypothesis: Following the events in Olympia, there were reports that China requested permission to deploy People's Liberation Army personnel along the relay route to protect the flame in Canberra.


Premise: How many Americans served in the military in World War II?

Hypothesis: Over 16 million served (about 11% of the population), and over 400,000 died during the war.


Premise: What companies received the money?

Hypothesis: Following the earthquake, donations were made by people from all over mainland China, with booths set up in schools, at banks, and around gas stations.


Premise: What did Whitehead believe about the concept of relations in the context of defining an entity?

Hypothesis: Relations are not secondary to what a thing is, they are what the thing is.


Premise: How many different types of iPod are currently available?

Hypothesis: There are three current versions of the iPod: the ultra-compact iPod Shuffle, the compact iPod Nano and the touchscreen iPod Touch.


Premise: How is production in the category tallied ?

Hypothesis: The major agricultural product is rice, which covers about 60% of the country's total cultivated land area.


Premise: In 2007, what was the reported resolution of the BeiDou system?

Hypothesis: With the existing user terminals it appears that the calibrated accuracy is 20m (100m, uncalibrated).


Premise: When was the Armenian Mosaic re-discovered?

Hypothesis: Jerusalem with its many holy places probably had the highest concentration of mosaic-covered churches but very few of them survived the subsequent waves of destructions.


Premise: What does Neptune's thermosphere containers traces of?

Hypothesis: For reasons that remain obscure, the planet's thermosphere is at an anomalously high temperature of about 750 K.


Premise: In what settlement is the pub known as The Old Forge located?

Hypothesis: It may be reached by foot or by boat, and by train as it is served by the nearby Berney Arms railway station, which likewise has no road access and serves no other settlement.


Premise: What inventions advanced the study of cognitive science?

Hypothesis: The final decades of the 20th century have seen the rise of a new interdisciplinary approach to studying human psychology, known collectively as cognitive science.


Premise: When did Pierre Jaquet-Droz build a mechanical doll that could hold a pen?

Hypothesis: In effect, it could be mechanically "programmed" to read instructions.


Premise: Who was the Republican leader after the granting of male suffrage?

Hypothesis: It did not have the revolutionary fervor of the movement in cities like Alcoy, as it was initiated by the bourgeoisie, but the Madrid government sent General Martinez-Campos to stifle the rebellion by force of arms and subjected Valencia to an intense bombardment.


Premise: What positive effects does a slower-evaporating filament enable?

Hypothesis: As a result, the filament can then run hotter, which results in a more efficient light source, while reducing the evaporation so that the filament will last longer than a straight filament at the same temperature.


Premise: What was the MoD accused of doing to the public?

Hypothesis: A government report covered by the Guardian in 2002 indicates that between 1940 and 1979, the Ministry of Defence "turned large parts of the country into a giant laboratory to conduct a series of secret germ warfare tests on the public" and many of these tests "involved releasing potentially dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms over vast swaths of the population without the public being told.


Premise: What action was not to be sought by state diviners?

Hypothesis: The state-sanctioned taking of auspices was a form of public divination with the intent of ascertaining the will of the gods, not foretelling the future.


Premise: Where in Brazil is most of the German descendants located?

Hypothesis: Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.).


Premise: Aside from Switzerland, what country speaks a dialect related to Swiss German?

Hypothesis: The situation in Switzerland and Liechtenstein is different from the rest of the German-speaking countries.


Premise: What is the new name of University College at Highfield?

Hypothesis: Southampton acquired city status, becoming the City of Southampton in 1964.


Premise: What are some ways to prevent diarrhea?

Hypothesis: Antibiotics, while rarely used, may be recommended in a few cases such as those who have bloody diarrhea and a high fever, those with severe diarrhea following travelling, and those who grow specific bacteria or parasites in their stool.


Premise: Why are some people hesitant to use LED lighting?

Hypothesis: Recent developments in LEDs permit them to be used in environmental and task lighting.


Premise: Who should accept the annexation of Poland?

Hypothesis: On August 25, Voroshilov told them "[i]n view of the changed political situation, no useful purpose can be served in continuing the conversation."


Premise: On what date did the Dean and Chapter announce that work would not be continued?

Hypothesis: In June 2009 the first major building work at the abbey for 250 years was proposed.


Premise: What effect does bronchial thermoplasty have?

Hypothesis: While it may increase exacerbation frequency in the first few months it appears to decrease the subsequent rate.


Premise: Who established The Museo Torres Garcia?

Hypothesis: The museum was established by Manolita Piña Torres, the widow of Torres Garcia, after his death in 1949.


Premise: When did England colonize the Bahamas?

Hypothesis: The Caribbean initially provided England's most important and lucrative colonies, but not before several attempts at colonisation failed.


Premise: What do groups in Mindelo challenge each other for?

Hypothesis: In Mindelo, São Vicente groups challenge each other for a yearly prize.


Premise: How many FIFA Club World Cup trophies does football club Barcelona have?

Hypothesis: The club has a long-standing rivalry with Real Madrid; matches between the two teams are referred to as El Clásico.


Premise: How long had it been since an earthquake of similar magnitude?

Hypothesis: Following the quake, experts and the general public sought information on whether or not the earthquake could have been predicted in advance, and whether or not studying statistics related to the quake could result in better prediction of earthquakes in the future.


Premise: How many government TV stations exist?

Hypothesis: There is one government-owned television station and around 10 small private television channels.


Premise: In 1925, what rule did Estonia create that was unique in Europe?

Hypothesis: The Estonian Cultural Autonomy law that was passed in 1925 was unique in Europe at that time.


Premise: In what year did the Bee Gees relocate to Miami?

Hypothesis: The Bee Gees moved to Miami in 1975 and have lived here ever since then.


Premise: What are the minorities that live in eastern deserts of Egypt?

Hypothesis: Ethnic minorities include the Abazas, Turks, Greeks, Bedouin Arab tribes living in the eastern deserts and the Sinai Peninsula, the Berber-speaking Siwis (Amazigh) of the Siwa Oasis, and the Nubian communities clustered along the Nile.


Premise: How much does Vanguard plan to invest in DMC?

Hypothesis: Detroit Medical Center formally became a part of Vanguard Health Systems on December 30, 2010, as a for profit corporation.


Premise: Who designed the 40 mm autocannon?

Hypothesis: Classic examples of autocannons and large caliber guns are the 40 mm autocannon and the 8.8 cm FlaK 18, 36 gun, both designed by Bofors of Sweden.


Premise: What type of laser is used in a LaserDisc player?

Hypothesis: The use of red laser diodes became widespread with the commercial success of modern DVD players, which use a 660 nm laser diode technology.


Premise: What was the date on the attack of Pearl Harbor?

Hypothesis: On December 7, 1941, hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Guam was captured by the Japanese, and was occupied for thirty months.


Premise: When did BBC Japan begin broadcasting?

Hypothesis: BBC Japan was a general entertainment channel, which operated between December 2004 and April 2006.


Premise: When did the Gempei War begin?

Hypothesis: "Bakufu" means "tent government", taken from the encampments the soldiers would live in, in accordance with the Bakufu's status as a military government.


Premise: On what street in Southampton is the police headquarters for the city?

Hypothesis: Previously, the central Southampton operation was located within the west wing of the Civic Centre, however the ageing facilities and the plans of constructing a new museum in the old police station and magistrates court necessitated the move.


Premise: What individual first used cotton wool medically?

Hypothesis: The first medical use of cotton wool was by Sampson Gamgee at the Queen's Hospital (later the General Hospital) in Birmingham, England.


Premise: What event happened in October of 1917?

Hypothesis: The Russian Revolution is the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union.


Premise: What is reinvent the toilet trying to develop

Hypothesis: The Reinvent the Toilet Challenge is a long-term research and development effort to develop a hygienic, stand-alone toilet.


Premise: by 1647 how many factories did the company have?

Hypothesis: The company, which benefited from the imperial patronage, soon expanded its commercial trading operations, eclipsing the Portuguese Estado da Índia, which had established bases in Goa, Chittagong, and Bombay, which Portugal later ceded to England as part of the dowry of Catherine de Braganza.


Premise: Which church was established in Kodiak in 1795?

Hypothesis: In 1795, the First Russian Orthodox Church was established in Kodiak.


Premise: How many movements are No. 2, Op. 35 and No. 3, Op 58 in?

Hypothesis: 58, written in 1844) are in four movements.


Premise: Who supported van Praag's beliefs?

Hypothesis: However, Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain state that these assertions by van Praag and Shakabpa are "fallacies".


Premise: What borough was the second highest HDI score?

Hypothesis: The Human Development Index report of 2005  shows that there were three boroughs with a very high Human Development Index, 12 with a high HDI value (9 above .85) and one with a medium HDI value (almost high).


Premise: How is Switzerland ranked of 189 countries in the Ease of Doing Business Index?

Hypothesis: Switzerland has an overwhelmingly private sector economy and low tax rates by Western World standards; overall taxation is one of the smallest of developed countries.


Premise: What percentage of Iran speaks any type of Iranian language?

Hypothesis: As with the spoken languages, the ethnic group composition also remains a point of debate, mainly regarding the largest and second largest ethnic groups, the Persians and Azerbaijanis, due to the lack of Iranian state censuses based on ethnicity.


Premise: The founder lineages were likely from what type of mtDNA pool?

Hypothesis: In reference specifically to Haplogroup K, they suggested that although it is common throughout western Eurasia, "the observed global pattern of distribution renders very unlikely the possibility that the four aforementioned founder lineages entered the Ashkenazi mtDNA pool via gene flow from a European host population".


Premise: Hg I2a2 was believed to have arisen where?

Hypothesis: According to original studies, Hg I2a2 was believed to have arisen in the west Balkans sometime after the LGM, subsequently spreading from the Balkans through Central Russian Plain.


Premise: How did Wallace claim that patterns in the distribution of species could be explained?

Hypothesis: An 1855 paper on the "introduction" of species, written by Alfred Russel Wallace, claimed that patterns in the geographical distribution of living and fossil species could be explained if every new species always came into existence near an already existing, closely related species.


Premise: When was the Wu state created?

Hypothesis: In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the State of Chu built Jinling Yi (金陵邑) in the western part of present-day Nanjing.


Premise: What is the number range of living bird species?

Hypothesis: All modern birds lie within the crown group Aves (alternately Neornithes), which has two subdivisions: the Palaeognathae, which includes the flightless ratites (such as the ostriches) and the weak-flying tinamous, and the extremely diverse Neognathae, containing all other birds.


Premise: Who did the site of KU's construction originally belong to?

Hypothesis: The site selected for the university was a hill known as Mount Oread, which was owned by former Kansas Governor Charles L. Robinson.


Premise: When was the main theme of Spectre made available in digital format?

Hypothesis: It became the first Bond theme to reach number one in the UK Singles Chart.


Premise: When did Augustus' victory at Actium against Mark Antony and Ceopatra VII occur?

Hypothesis: Virgil makes use of the symbolism of the Augustan regime, and some scholars see strong associations between Augustus and Aeneas, the one as founder and the other as re-founder of Rome.


Premise: What is the name of the Archbishop of Canterbury's residence?

Hypothesis: It is not easy to decide whether these instances were Gothic survival or early appearances of Gothic revival.


Premise: Reticular neurons transfer signals to what part of the brain?

Hypothesis: Reticular neurons send signals to the thalamus, which in turn sends activity-level-controlling signals to every part of the cortex.


Premise: Which wood has lignin that comes primarily from one type of alcohol?

Hypothesis: Hardwood lignin is primarily derived from sinapyl alcohol and coniferyl alcohol.


Premise: In what time period did the Devangari script become prevalent?

Hypothesis: Around the eighth century, the Śāradā script evolved out of the Gupta script.


Premise: What can improve the efficiency of LED-based white light?

Hypothesis: Currently, in the area of phosphor LED development, much effort is being spent on optimizing these devices to higher light output and higher operation temperatures.


Premise: When was the soundtrack of Twilight Princess made available?

Hypothesis: Kondo later cited the lack of interactivity that comes with orchestral music as one of the main reasons for the decision.


Premise: What is a major benefit to rabbits having a higher concentration of copper in their diet?

Hypothesis: However, higher concentrations of copper (100 ppm, 200 ppm, or 500 ppm) in the diet of rabbits may favorably influence feed conversion efficiency, growth rates, and carcass dressing percentages.


Premise: What is the name of Israel's intelligence agency?

Hypothesis: While the preceding agencies both collect and analyze information, some like the U.S. State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research are purely analytical agencies.[citation needed]


Premise: What methods make up Education?

Hypothesis: Education can take place in formal or informal settings and any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational.


Premise: Who all was identified by name in the house holds?

Hypothesis: " Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850.


Premise: What is the length of 14th Street in miles?

Hypothesis: Its length is 3.4 km (2.1 mi).


Premise: How many players on the Barelona team have scored over 100 goals?

Hypothesis: Four players have managed to score over 100 league goals at Barcelona: Lionel Messi (305), César Rodríguez (192), László Kubala (131) and Samuel


Premise: Which notable astronaut is known to have attended Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: Other notable alumni include prominent businessman Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr. and astronaut Jim Wetherbee.


Premise: What did Hutchinson's group research?

Hypothesis: Harrison's group is shown to have been a classic research school; Pickford's and Hutchinson's were not.


Premise: Which religion came to Zhejiang 400 years ago?

Hypothesis: Catholicism arrived 400 years ago in the province and Protestantism 150 years ago.


Premise: After being interrupted, where do 24th and 25th Streets continue from?

Hypothesis: Then West 24th and 25th Streets continue from Fifth Avenue to Eleventh Avenue (25th) or Twelfth Avenue (24th).


Premise: Adolescene is viewed as what?

Hypothesis: It is a period of multiple transitions involving education, training, employment and unemployment, as well as transitions from one living circumstance to another.


Premise: What does the term "Moors" refer to?

Hypothesis: Moors were not a distinct or self-defined people.


Premise: How long is the Greek railway system?

Hypothesis: International railway lines connect Greek cities with the rest of Europe, the Balkans and Turkey.


Premise: What was McTaggart's first series called?

Hypothesis: The problem of the flow of time, as it has been treated in analytic philosophy, owes its beginning to a paper written by J. M. E. McTaggart.


Premise: What do scholars believe is the reason for similarities between Islamic and European schools?

Hypothesis: In fact, there is no Latin translation of the taliqa and, most importantly, no evidence of Latin scholars ever showing awareness of Arab influence on the Latin method of disputation, something they would have certainly found noteworthy.


Premise: Do grazing organisms often kill their prey?

Hypothesis: While some herbivores like zooplankton live on unicellular phytoplankton and therefore, by the individualized nature of the organism, kill their prey, many only eat a small part of the plant.


Premise: What is the aim of new research institutes?

Hypothesis: Egypt is currently opening new research institutes for the aim of modernising research in the nation, the most recent example of which is Zewail City of Science and Technology.


Premise: What sub-genre of hard rock does Def Leppard belong to?

Hypothesis: Often categorised with the New Wave of British Heavy Metal, in 1981 Def Leppard released their second album High 'n' Dry, mixing glam-rock with heavy metal, and helping to define the sound of hard rock for the decade.


Premise: Who replaced Lord Rosebery the year following his appointment?

Hypothesis: Gladstone returned to power after the 1892 general election; he was 82 years old.


Premise: How large are the Bronx Museum of the Arts' galleries?

Hypothesis: The Bronx Museum of the Arts, founded in 1971, exhibits 20th century and contemporary art through its central museum space and 11,000 square feet (1,000 m2) of galleries.


Premise: Who's equations  helped to imply vanishing of the Ricci tensor?

Hypothesis: In general relativity, a vanishing stress-energy tensor implies, through Einstein field equations, the vanishing of all the components of the Ricci tensor.


Premise: What neighborhoods does Cottman Avenue serve?

Hypothesis: U.S. 30, extending east-west from West Philadelphia to Lancaster, is known as Lancaster Avenue throughout most of the city and through the adjacent Main Line suburbs.


Premise: When was Diego Maradona signed by Barcelona?

Hypothesis: In June 1982, Diego Maradona was signed for a world record fee of £5 million from Boca Juniors.


Premise: Who designed the two organ cases?

Hypothesis: The two organ cases, designed in the late 19th century by John Loughborough Pearson, were re-instated and coloured in 1959.


Premise: What type of powers were granted to Pompey by the senate?

Hypothesis: The ultimatum was rejected, and the senate then passed a resolution which declared that if Caesar did not lay down his arms by July of that year, he would be considered an enemy of the Republic.


Premise: What does GRECO stand for?

Hypothesis: whether they had a strictly domestic or also a transnational dimension.


Premise: When was the DHS created?

Hypothesis: In addition to military efforts abroad, in the aftermath of 9/11 the Bush Administration increased domestic efforts to prevent future attacks.


Premise: What was the name of the Channel the Luftwaffe bomb to try to gain air superiority?

Hypothesis: Destroying RAF Fighter Command would allow the Germans to gain control of the skies over the invasion area.


Premise: Bermuda is closest (in nautical miles) to which US state?

Hypothesis: east-southeast of Cape Hatteras on the Outer Banks of North Carolina and about 594 nautical miles (1,100 km (684 mi))


Premise: What did the Pechenges trade with the Rus?

Hypothesis: The lucrative Rus' trade with the Byzantine Empire had to pass through Pecheneg-controlled territory, so the need for generally peaceful relations was essential.


Premise: IndyMac gave loans to borrower's with what type credit histories?

Hypothesis: As an Alt-A lender, IndyMac’s business model was to offer loan products to fit the borrower’s needs, using an extensive array of risky option-adjustable-rate-mortgages (option ARMs), subprime loans, 80/20 loans, and other nontraditional products.


Premise: When was Alam Lohar an important Punjabi folk singer?

Hypothesis: In the composition of classical ragas, there are such masters as Malika-i-Mauseequi (Queen of Music)


Premise: What type of climate does Cyprus have?

Hypothesis: Cyprus has one of the warmest climates in the Mediterranean part of the European Union.[citation needed]


Premise: What did the component shortage of 1989 force Allan Loren to do with Macs?

Hypothesis: In 1989, Jean-Louis Gassée had steadfastly refused to lower the profit margins on Mac computers, then there was a component shortage that rocked the exponentially-expanding PC industry that year, forcing Apple USA head Allan Loren to cut prices which dropped Apple's margins.


Premise: What department initiated the emergency contingency plan?

Hypothesis: The plan rose to Level I at 22:15 CST, May 12.


Premise: With which group was Lord Kilbracken associated?

Hypothesis: Lord Kilbracken said that only one person out of the 2,372 individuals with HIV/AIDS mentioned in a specific Department of Health report was not a member of a "high risk group", such as homosexuals and recreational drug users.


Premise: Which friend learned from Beyonce while preparing for the film, "Country Strong?"

Hypothesis: American indie rock band White Rabbits also cited her an inspiration for their third album Milk Famous (2012), friend Gwyneth Paltrow studied Beyoncé at her live concerts while learning to become a musical performer for the 2010 film Country Strong.


Premise: What calendar do Punjab's farmers use?

Hypothesis: Despite past animosities, the rural masses in Punjab's farms continue to use the Hindu calendar for planting and harvesting.


Premise: From where did the Arab traders come in order to trade on the west coast of India?

Hypothesis: Mahmud of Ghazni in the early 11th century raided mainly the north-western parts of the Indian sub-continent 17 times, but he did not seek to establish "permanent dominion" in those areas.


Premise: What part of 2015 did the government of Zhejiang recognise folk religion as 'civil religion'?

Hypothesis: In mid-2015 the government of Zhejiang recognised folk religion as "civil religion" beginning the registration of more than twenty thousand folk religious associations.


Premise: What it located through Canada's Northern Regions?

Hypothesis: The RCAF and Joint Task Force (North) (JTFN) also maintain at various points throughout Canada's northern region a chain of forward operating locations, each capable of supporting fighter operations.


Premise: Where is a sizeable and rapidly growing Orthodox community currently located besides New York State?

Hypothesis: There are also sizable and rapidly growing Orthodox communities throughout New Jersey, particularly in Lakewood, Teaneck, Englewood, Passaic, and Fair Lawn.


Premise: When did John Lennon return his MBE insignia?

Hypothesis: John Lennon justified the comparative merits of his investiture by comparing military membership in the Order: "Lots of people who complained about us receiving the MBE [status] received theirs for heroism in the war – for killing people…


Premise: How many Catholic churches were in the Boston area in 2010?

Hypothesis: As of 2010 the Catholic Church had the highest number of adherents as a single denomination in the Boston-Cambridge-Newton Metro area, with more than two million members and 339 churches, followed by the Episcopal Church with 58,000 adherents in 160 churches.


Premise: What decoy city was hit

Hypothesis: The following night the Uphill decoy town, protecting Weston-super-Mare's airfield, was bombed; a herd of dairy cows was hit, killing some and severely injuring others.


Premise: What is New York City's Gini Coefficient?

Hypothesis: In 2013, New York City had the highest number of billionaires of any city in the world, higher than the next five U.S. cities combined, including former Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg.


Premise: What was the most notable accomplishment of the Gurjara Pratihara Empire?

Hypothesis: The chief accomplishment of the Gurjara Pratihara empire lies in its successful resistance to foreign invasions from the west, starting in the days of Junaid.


Premise: What type of exercise can provide small improvements?

Hypothesis: Overall, exercise is beneficial in people with stable asthma.


Premise: What is the Arabic term for existence?

Hypothesis: Following al-Farabi's lead, Avicenna initiated a full-fledged inquiry into the question of being, in which he distinguished between essence (Mahiat) and existence (Wujud).


Premise: Who wrote The Sensations of Tone as a Physiological Basis for the Theory of Music?

Hypothesis: At the age of 19, he wrote a report on his work and sent it to philologist Alexander Ellis, a colleague of his father (who would later be portrayed as Professor Henry Higgins in Pygmalion).


Premise: What was the name of William Paley's book claiming divine beneficial design?

Hypothesis: Some anatomists such as Robert Grant were influenced by Lamarck and Geoffroy, but most naturalists regarded their ideas of transmutation as a threat to divinely appointed social order.


Premise: On November 3, 2008, who predicted extremely weak GDP growth for the Eurozone in 2009?

Hypothesis: On November 3, 2008, the European Commission at Brussels predicted for 2009 an extremely weak growth of GDP, by 0.1%, for the countries of the Eurozone (France, Germany, Italy, Belgium etc.) and even negative number for the UK (−1.0%), Ireland and Spain.


Premise: What are suggested, rather than explicitly realized?

Hypothesis: Despite being cursive to the point where individual strokes are no longer differentiable and the characters often illegible to the untrained eye, this script (also known as draft) is highly revered for the beauty and freedom that it embodies.


Premise: How many murders did Detroit have in 2014?

Hypothesis: At year-end 2015, Detroit had 295 criminal homicides, down slightly from 299 in 2014.


Premise: What good traits is the color red associated with in China?

Hypothesis: Red is the color most commonly associated with joy and well being.


Premise: To whom do Bucopho take the decisions and concerns?

Hypothesis: Bucopho bring to the inkhundla all matters of interest and concern to their various chiefdoms, and take back to the chiefdoms the decisions of the inkhundla.


Premise: Who ranked BYU's Marriott School of Mangement as No. 5 for it's undergrad programs in 2009?

Hypothesis: For 2009, the university's School of Accountancy, which is housed within the Marriott School, received two No. 3 rankings for its undergraduate program—one by Public Accounting Report and the other by U.S. News & World Report.


Premise: What is the name of the six bus companies?

Hypothesis: Bieber Tourways, Capitol Trailways, Martz Trailways, Peter Pan Bus Lines, Susquehanna Trailways, and the bus division for New Jersey Transit.


Premise: The army in this war was primarily made up of what sort of units?

Hypothesis: It relied on volunteers and state militia units, which faced logistical, training and food problems in the staging areas in Florida.


Premise: Why did Dominic sell his books?

Hypothesis: During his studies in Palencia, Spain, he experienced a dreadful famine, prompting Dominic to sell all of his beloved books and other equipment to help his neighbors.


Premise: What is created by the many canyons and hills throughout San Diego?

Hypothesis: The city lies on approximately 200 deep canyons and hills separating its mesas, creating small pockets of natural open space scattered throughout the city and giving it a hilly geography.


Premise: What did the person who Chopin went with to Berlin do for his work?

Hypothesis: On an 1829 return trip to Berlin, he was a guest of Prince Antoni Radziwiłł, governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen—himself an accomplished composer and aspiring cellist.


Premise: What percentage of undergrads live on the Notre Dame campus?

Hypothesis: About 80% of undergraduates and 20% of graduate students live on campus.


Premise: What did the government do in 1997 to increase monetary stability?

Hypothesis: The civil war that took place in 1998 and 1999, and a military coup in September 2003 again disrupted economic activity, leaving a substantial part of the economic and social infrastructure in ruins and intensifying the already widespread poverty.


Premise: What dialects does Hokkien refer to?

Hypothesis: The term Hokkien (福建; hɔk˥˥kɪɛn˨˩) is itself a term not used in Chinese to refer to the dialect, as it simply means Fujian province.


Premise: Where was the season one finale broadcast from?

Hypothesis: The finale is the two-hour last episode of the season, culminating in revealing the winner.


Premise: What has replaced the term Near East?

Hypothesis: The term has fallen into disuse in English, and has been replaced by the term Middle East.


Premise: What was ASCII based on?

Hypothesis: Before ASCII was developed, the encodings in use included 26 alphabetic characters, 10 numerical digits, and from 11 to 25 special graphic symbols.


Premise: What kind of organization did the Mature Indus have?

Hypothesis: The Mature Indus civilisation flourished from about 2600 to 1900 BCE, marking the beginning of urban civilisation on the subcontinent.


Premise: What helped Avicenna understand the Metaphysics of Aristotle?

Hypothesis: Forty times, it is said, he read through the Metaphysics of Aristotle, till the words were imprinted on his memory; but their meaning was hopelessly obscure, until one day they found illumination, from the little commentary by Farabi, which he bought at a bookstall for the small sum of three dirhams.


Premise: What year was the case Greenman v. Yuba Power products?

Hypothesis: In 1963, Roger J. Traynor of the Supreme Court of California threw away legal fictions based on warranties and imposed strict liability for defective products as a matter of public policy in the landmark case of Greenman v. Yuba Power Products.


Premise: What helps reduce resource usage?

Hypothesis: Compression is useful because it helps reduce resource usage, such as data storage space or transmission capacity.


Premise: Where is the Washington University School of Law ranked in the 2015 US News & World Report America's Best Graduate Schools?

Hypothesis: National Jurist ranked Washington University 4th among the "25 Most Wired Law Schools."


Premise: What do some people feel the IASP's system is inadequate for?

Hypothesis: However, this system has been criticized by Clifford J. Woolf and others as inadequate for guiding research and treatment.


Premise: What divides Florida two climates

Hypothesis: The climate of Florida is tempered somewhat by the fact that no part of the state is distant from the ocean.


Premise: How many hispanics live in the City of Boston?

Hypothesis: When including all Hispanic national origins, they number 107,917.


Premise: How many households were there in Atlantic City during the 2010 United States Census?

Hypothesis: There were 15,504 households, of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 25.9% were married couples living together, 22.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.8% were non-families.


Premise: What religion is the Flying Fathers team?

Hypothesis: Another prominent exhibition hockey team is the Buffalo Sabres Alumni Hockey Team, which is composed almost entirely of retired NHL players, the majority of whom (as the name suggests) played at least a portion of their career for the Buffalo Sabres.


Premise: What reduced the independence of British overseas possessions from their commanders in London?

Hypothesis: Additionally, the telegraph reduced the independence of British overseas possessions from their commanders in London due to such rapid communications.


Premise: In what year did Robert Louis Stevenson die?

Hypothesis: However, Robert Louis Stevenson, who lived in Samoa from 1889 until his death in 1894, wrote in A Footnote to History:


Premise: What did heknow his readers were already familiar with from Vestiges?

Hypothesis: Darwin's aims were twofold: to show that species had not been separately created, and to show that natural selection had been the chief agent of change.


Premise: What does Preto mean?

Hypothesis: Some scholars disagree, arguing that "whitening" of one's social status may be open to people of mixed race, a large part of the population known as pardo, but a person perceived as preto (black) will continue to be classified as black regardless of wealth or social status.


Premise: At what location did the hearse carrying Napoleon's remains begin its procession?

Hypothesis: In 1861, Napoleon's remains were entombed in a porphyry sarcophagus in the crypt under the dome at Les Invalides.


Premise: What is used in some of the festive fights?

Hypothesis: This simply means that a mixture of water paint and water or raw eggs is used to paint people on the streets, the goal being to paint as many people as you can".


Premise: About what did the Council of the Church question Athanasius?

Hypothesis: At this great gathering of prelates, leaders of the Church, the case of Athanasius was taken up once more, that is, Athanasius was formally questioned over misdemeanours and even murder, (a man called Arsenius and using his body for magic, – an absurd charge.).


Premise: Was agriculture more important before or after Armenia left the Soviet Union?

Hypothesis: Agriculture accounted for less than 20% of both net material product and total employment before the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.


Premise: What plant was used to make the most used red dye in Venice?

Hypothesis: The pigment and dye merchants of Venice imported and sold all of these products and also manufactured their own color, called Venetian red, which was considered the most expensive and finest red in Europe.


Premise: Technology that is used to implement secure operating systems is one use of what term?

Hypothesis: One use of the term "computer security" refers to technology that is used to implement secure operating systems.


Premise: What type of occupation were Neolithic people considered to be proficient at?

Hypothesis: But what allowed forest clearance on a large scale was the polished stone axe above all other tools.


Premise: An invention is a solution to what type of problem?

Hypothesis: An invention is a solution to a specific technological problem, which may be a product or a process and generally has to fulfil three main requirements: it has to be new, not obvious and there needs to be an industrial applicability.:17


Premise: What shape was newly discovered bacteria from deep under Earth?

Hypothesis: More recently, some bacteria were discovered deep under Earth's crust that grow as branching filamentous types with a star-shaped cross-section.


Premise: What did members of the debate team get for their service?

Hypothesis: Debates were covered on front pages of college newspapers and emphasized in yearbooks, and team members even received the equivalent of athletic letters for their jackets.


Premise: Toxocariasis can lead to what in humans?

Hypothesis: In the United States, about 10,000 cases of Toxocara infection are reported in humans each year, and almost 14% of the U.S. population is infected.


Premise: What is the average number of pups per litter?

Hypothesis: In general, toy dogs produce from one to four puppies in each litter, while much larger breeds may average as many as twelve.


Premise: What do physicians recommend to counteract this potential issue?

Hypothesis: The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%).


Premise: By what nickname is Tennessee officially known?

Hypothesis: This explanation is more likely, because President Polk's call for 2,600 nationwide volunteers at the beginning of the Mexican-American War resulted in 30,000 volunteers from Tennessee alone, largely in response to the death of Davy Crockett and appeals by former Tennessee Governor and now Texas politician, Sam Houston.


Premise: What piece of information is almost always listed on a pub sign?

Hypothesis: Most British pubs still have decorated signs hanging over their doors, and these retain their original function of enabling the identification of the pub.


Premise: When was KU's first student union constructed?

Hypothesis: The KU Bookstore and KU Dining Services are not-for-profit, with proceeds going back to support student programs, such as Student Union Activities.


Premise: The armed forces has approximately how many members?

Hypothesis: The Armed Forces' 115,349 personnel are divided into a hierarchy of numerous ranks of officers and non-commissioned members.


Premise: Where did department stores begin to advertise after the large influx of new shoppers?

Hypothesis: In the 1840s, with the arrival of the railroads in Paris and the increased number of shoppers they brought, they grew in size, and began to have large plate glass display windows, fixed prices and price tags, and advertising in newspapers.


Premise: What was disbanded in 1958?

Hypothesis: Following the revision of the French constitution that established the Fifth Republic in 1958, the AEF dissolved into its constituent parts, each of which became an autonomous colony within the French Community.


Premise: What city did Bell arrive at by train?

Hypothesis: After landing at Quebec City the Bells transferred to another steamer to Montreal and then boarded a train to Paris, Ontario, to stay with the Reverend Thomas Henderson, a family friend.


Premise: Who sponsors Fashion Week Miami?

Hypothesis: Tourism is also an important industry in Miami.


Premise: What is one thing that can be used to pull pests?

Hypothesis: "Push" means the insects are repelled or deterred away from whatever resource that is being protected.


Premise: What id Multics use to simplify plain text data?

Hypothesis: Unfortunately, requiring two characters to mark the end of a line introduces unnecessary complexity and questions as to how to interpret each character when encountered alone.


Premise: Most of the processes of the autonomic nervous system are called what?

Hypothesis: In addition to all of the above, the brain and spinal cord contain extensive circuitry to control the autonomic nervous system, which works by secreting hormones and by modulating the "smooth" muscles of the gut.


Premise: What did Whitehead believe was the fundamental purpose of life?

Hypothesis: In other words, Whitehead sees life as directed toward the purpose of increasing its own satisfaction.


Premise: When did this precipitating event take place?

Hypothesis: Despite the low death toll, over 180,000 US veterans would later be classified as "permanently disabled" according to the US Department of Veterans Affairs (see Gulf War Syndrome).


Premise: What are some major cities occupied by the Chinese during the Second Sino-Japanese War?

Hypothesis: The difficulty of accessing the region overland from the eastern part of China and the foggy climate hindering the accuracy of Japanese bombing of the Sichuan Basin, made the region the stronghold of Chiang Kai-Shek's Kuomintang government during 1938-45, and led to the Bombing of Chongqing.


Premise: How did Gaddafi view the influence of the military?

Hypothesis: The armed forces offered the only opportunity for upward social mobility for underprivileged Libyans, and Gaddafi recognised it as a potential instrument of political change.


Premise: What did the Ministry of Home Security fail to discover?

Hypothesis: But the great bulk of the traffic went on; and Londoners—though they glanced apprehensively each morning at the list of closed stretches of line displayed at their local station, or made strange detours round back streets in the buses—still got to work.


Premise: In reference to education in Swaziland, hat is an NCP otherwise known as?

Hypothesis: Pre-school education is usually for children 5-year or younger after that the students can enroll in a primary school anywhere in the country.