Premise: What was the name of the city previously located on the site of Constantinople?

Hypothesis: For much of the 4th century, Roman society stabilised in a new form that differed from the earlier classical period, with a widening gulf between the rich and poor, and a decline in the vitality of the smaller towns.


Premise: Relative to the human genome, how many more genes does trichomoniasis have?

Hypothesis: Both the number of base pairs and the number of genes vary widely from one species to another, and there is only a rough correlation between the two (an observation known as the C-value paradox).


Premise: What 2003 movie featuring Julia Roberts was filmed in New Haven?

Hypothesis: Several recent movies have been filmed in New Haven, including Mona Lisa Smile (2003), with Julia Roberts, The Life


Premise: Where are the suites located that the Queen and Prince Phillip use?

Hypothesis: The Queen and Prince Philip use a smaller suite of rooms in the north wing.


Premise: In 2009, who named Northwestern as one of the top 10 universities in the country in purchasing renewable energy?

Hypothesis: In January 2009, the Green Power Partnership (GPP, sponsored by the EPA) listed Northwestern as one of the top 10 universities in the country in purchasing energy from renewable sources.


Premise: What is the usual form for Neiserria bacteria?

Hypothesis: Many bacterial species exist simply as single cells, others associate in characteristic patterns: Neisseria form diploids (pairs), Streptococcus form chains, and Staphylococcus group together in "bunch of grapes" clusters.


Premise: Who was it that in 1063 gave rule over Galicia to his son?

Hypothesis: In 1072, it was forcibly annexed by Garcia's brother Alfonso VI of León; from that time Galicia was united with the Kingdom of León under the same monarchs.


Premise: Who was an important Uruguayan writer that is commemorated by Parque Rodo?

Hypothesis: The name "Rodó" commemorates José Enrique Rodó, an important Uruguayan writer whose monument is in the southern side of the main park.


Premise: Charleston cuisine is influenced by what two cultures?

Hypothesis: Rice is the staple in many dishes, reflecting the rice culture of the Low Country.


Premise: The Noble Eightfold Path is which of Buddha's Truths?

Hypothesis: Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration.


Premise: Who did Dominic pray for?

Hypothesis: Dominic's search for a close relationship with God was determined and unceasing.


Premise: What term was inspired by the attacks on Kerry?

Hypothesis: The campaign inspired the widely used political pejorative 'swiftboating', to describe an unfair or untrue political attack.


Premise: How long has the Czech Republic been a member of the European Union?

Hypothesis: Economist Jonathan van Parys collected data on language knowledge in Europe for the 2012 European Day of Languages.


Premise: How many years was Francois Mitterrand in power?

Hypothesis: Most of the postwar's presidents of the Fifth Republic wanted to leave their own monuments in Paris; President Georges Pompidou started the Centre Georges Pompidou (1977),


Premise: The prosecutorial efforts of the ICTR focused on genocidal acts that took place during which time period?

Hypothesis: The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide which occurred there during April 1994, commencing on 6 April.


Premise: What was the time span of the Gupta Empire?

Hypothesis: Classical India refers to the period when much of the Indian subcontinent was reunited under the Gupta Empire (c. 320–550 CE).


Premise: What clan was given the privileged of enoblement?

Hypothesis: Initially, this privilege could be granted by monarch, but from the 1641 onward, this right was reserved for the sejm.


Premise: In cars with built-in voice recognition features, what can the onboard microphones be used for?

Hypothesis: Connected cars may use wifi and bluetooth to communicate with onboard consumer devices, and the cell phone network to contact concierge and emergency assistance services or get navigational or entertainment information; each of these networks is a potential entry point for malware or an attacker.


Premise: In what year did Eisenhower matriculate to West Point?

Hypothesis: He then accepted an appointment to West Point in 1911.


Premise: Religious tolerance and the importance of individual conscience was particularly influential in the drafting of which American document?

Hypothesis: He previously had supported successful efforts to disestablish the Church of England in Virginia, and authored the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom.


Premise: Chorion is another word for what?

Hypothesis: In Schizophora however the serosa does not develop, but these flies lay their eggs in damp places, such as rotting matter.


Premise: What kind of story is told in Shahnameh?

Hypothesis: Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, the national epic of Iran, is a mythical and heroic retelling of Persian history.


Premise: How deep does Neptune's water-ammonia ocean go?

Hypothesis: At a depth of 7000 km, the conditions may be such that methane decomposes into diamond crystals that rain downwards like hailstones.


Premise: How long does it take to register a business in Guinea-Bissau?

Hypothesis: It takes longer on average to register a new business in Guinea-Bissau (233 days or about 33 weeks) than in any other country in the world except Suriname.


Premise: How many alcohol involved hospital admissions were there in 2006/7?

Hypothesis: In practice, alcohol-related hospital admissions rose following the change in the law, with alcohol involved in 207,800 admissions in 2006/7.


Premise: What type of religious participants were available for consultation?

Hypothesis: Flamines were constrained by the requirements of ritual purity; Jupiter's flamen in particular had virtually no simultaneous capacity for a political or military career.


Premise: Several border territories were designated to the United Provinces after what?

Hypothesis: After the Peace of Westphalia, several border territories were assigned to the United Provinces.


Premise: What have these immigrants sought?

Hypothesis: Most of the migrants are from communities in Sudan and Eritrea, particularly the Niger-Congo-speaking Nuba groups of the southern Nuba Mountains; some are illegal immigrants.


Premise: Who was Mehmed's successor?

Hypothesis: To this end, Mehmed and his successor Bayezid, also encouraged and welcomed migration of the Jews from different parts of Europe, who were settled in Istanbul and other port cities like Salonica.


Premise: What kind of topics began appearing more commonly in poetry and literature during the Enlightenment?

Hypothesis: The influence of science also began appearing more commonly in poetry and literature during the Enlightenment.


Premise: How big was Live Aid's TV audience?

Hypothesis: The show's organisers, Bob Geldof and Midge Ure, other musicians such as Elton John, Cliff Richard and Dave Grohl, and music journalists writing for the BBC, CNN, Rolling Stone, MTV, The Telegraph among others, stated that Queen stole the show.


Premise: What important networks is it the function of Cyberspace support to protect?

Hypothesis: This includes protection measures against supply chain components plus critical C2 networks/communications links and nuclear C2 networks.


Premise: For how many years was the 1988 television rights contract?

Hypothesis: The 1988 negotiations were the first signs of a breakaway league; ten clubs threatened to leave and form a "super league", but were eventually persuaded to stay.


Premise: Which park has a multi-use path?

Hypothesis: To the east of the University of Arizona, Third Street is bike-only except for local traffic and passes by the historic homes of the Sam Hughes neighborhood.


Premise: How many years after the First Council of Nicaea did Athanasius become archbishop?

Hypothesis: Three years after that council, Athanasius succeeded his mentor as archbishop of Alexandria.


Premise: Who was the Holy Roman Church leader that authorized the change ?

Hypothesis: On 4 September 1483, referring to the feast as that of "the Conception of Immaculate Mary ever Virgin", he condemned both those who called it mortally sinful and heretical to hold that the "glorious and immaculate mother of God was conceived without the stain of original sin" and those who called it mortally sinful and heretical to hold that "the glorious Virgin Mary was conceived with original sin", since, he said, "up to this time there has been no decision made by the Roman Church and the Apostolic See.


Premise: Which studios produced Spielberg's 'War of the Worlds'?

Hypothesis: Unlike E.T. and Close Encounters of the Third Kind, which depicted friendly alien visitors, War of the Worlds featured violent invaders.


Premise: How many years were the Sumerian city-states at war?

Hypothesis: The first war recorded in any detail was between Lagash and Umma in c. 2525 BC on a stele called the Stele of the Vultures.


Premise: When was the Serbian Revolution?

Hypothesis: Serbia was created by the Serbian Revolution, 1815–1833.


Premise: Who performed a study that showed the similarirty of imaginging doing something and then later remembering actually doing that task?

Hypothesis: Findings revealed that those participants who repeatedly imagined performing such an act were more likely to think that they had actually performed that act during the first session of the experiment.


Premise: Did Bortolazzi like playing the new wire strung mandolins?

Hypothesis: Bortolazzi said in this book that the new wire strung mandolins were uncomfortable to play, when compared with the gut-string instruments.


Premise: What is Tucson's PBS station?

Hypothesis: KUAT-TV 6 is a PBS affiliate run by the University of Arizona (as is sister station KUAS 27).


Premise: The bombing of the Thames Estuary cause how many civilian casualties?

Hypothesis: Initially the change in strategy caught the RAF off-guard, and caused extensive damage and civilian casualties.


Premise: What was Jama Korshel's title?

Hypothesis: Alongside Barre, the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) that assumed power after President Sharmarke's assassination was led by Lieutenant Colonel Salaad Gabeyre Kediye and Chief of Police Jama Korshel.


Premise: What type of eggs may some viruses be grown in?

Hypothesis: Viruses are also usually identified using alternatives to growth in culture or animals.


Premise: Who's work undermined Douglass  Coopers terms describing Cubism?

Hypothesis: More fundamentally, Christopher Green argues that Douglas Cooper's terms were "later undermined by interpretations of the work of Picasso, Braque, Gris and Léger that stress iconographic and ideological questions rather than methods of representation."


Premise: What first introduced Neptune and Uranus's names?

Hypothesis: Claiming the right to name his discovery, Le Verrier quickly proposed the name Neptune for this new planet, though falsely stating that this had been officially approved by the French Bureau des Longitudes.


Premise: Who was Foot replaced by?

Hypothesis: The miners strike of 1984–85 over coal mine closures, for which miners' leader Arthur Scargill was blamed, and the Wapping dispute led to clashes with the left of the party, and negative coverage in most of the press.


Premise: Where was the street named after Tito that was found unconstitutional located?

Hypothesis: While several public areas in Slovenia (named during the Yugoslav period) do already bear Tito's name, on the issue of renaming an additional street the court ruled that:


Premise: What is the south branch of the tree Gautama sat under called?

Hypothesis: At the age of 35, he famously sat in meditation under a Ficus religiosa tree now called the Bodhi Tree in the town of Bodh Gaya and vowed not to rise before achieving enlightenment.


Premise: For what department does the north campus location of Washington University provide off-site storage?

Hypothesis: Washington University's North Campus and West Campus principally house administrative functions that are not student focused.


Premise: How is the entire name usually presented in scientific texts?

Hypothesis: When writing the scientific name of an organism, it is proper to capitalise the first letter in the genus and put all of the specific epithet in lowercase.


Premise: What two ships were used by the Oeselian pirates?

Hypothesis: Perhaps the most famous raid by Oeselian pirates occurred in 1187, with the attack on the Swedish town of Sigtuna by Finnic raiders from Couronia and Oesel.


Premise: What is Montana's motto?

Hypothesis: Montana's motto, Oro y Plata, Spanish for "Gold and Silver", recognizing the significant role of mining, was first adopted in 1865, when Montana was still a territory.


Premise: Which green food coloring is known to cause hyperactivity, asthma, urticaria, and insomnia?

Hypothesis: Chlorophyll, the E numbers E140 and E141, is the most common green chemical found in nature, and only allowed in certain medicines and cosmetic materials.


Premise: What were the generals sent to North Korea collectively called?

Hypothesis: Soviet generals with extensive combat experience from the Second World War were sent to North Korea as the Soviet Advisory Group.


Premise: How much energy is contained in the light to which human eyes are most sensitive?

Hypothesis: The result is that green light of wavelength 555 nm has an energy of 7005216000000000000♠216 kJ/mol, a typical energy of everyday life.


Premise: What number of cup finals did Arsenal reach in

Hypothesis: With new signings like Malcolm Macdonald and Pat Jennings, and a crop of talent in the side such as Liam Brady and Frank Stapleton, the club enjoyed their best form since the 1971 double, reaching a trio of FA Cup finals (1978, 1979 and 1980), and losing the 1980 European Cup Winners' Cup Final on penalties.


Premise: For what publisher to Debussy edit Chopin's music for?

Hypothesis: Debussy dedicated his own 1915 piano Études to the memory of Chopin; he frequently played Chopin's music during his studies at the Paris Conservatoire, and undertook the editing of Chopin's piano music for the publisher Jacques Durand.


Premise: What year did the Gorton Government stop replacing troups in Vietnam?

Hypothesis: Gorton's government kept Australia in the Vietnam War but stopped replacing troops at the end of 1970.


Premise: When did the sale of Weather Company assets close?

Hypothesis: The sale closed on January 29, 2016


Premise: What is the percentage range of Iran's total population is seemingly comprised of Azerbaijanis?

Hypothesis: In any case, the largest population of Azerbaijanis in the world live in Iran.


Premise: What is the annual Montevideo Carnaval part of?

Hypothesis: The major annual festival is the annual Montevideo Carnaval which is part of the national festival of Carnival Week, celebrated throughout Uruguay, with central activities in the capital, Montevideo.


Premise: When did construction commence on Plymouth Sound Breakwater?

Hypothesis: The 1-mile-long (2 km) Breakwater in Plymouth Sound was designed by John Rennie in order to protect the fleet moving in and out of Devonport; work started in 1812.


Premise: Where was Kerry reassigned in April 1969?

Hypothesis: On April 11, 1969, he reported to the Brooklyn-based Atlantic Military Sea Transportation Service, where he would remain on active duty for the following year as a personal aide to an officer, Rear Admiral Walter Schlech.


Premise: When did the Great Famine happen?

Hypothesis: During the British Raj, famines in India, often attributed to failed government policies, were some of the worst ever recorded, including the Great Famine of 1876–78 in which 6.1 million to 10.3 million people died and the Indian famine of 1899–1900 in which 1.25 to 10 million people died.


Premise: Which cathedral was first to be rebuilt in the new style from 1150 to 1231?

Hypothesis: While using all those features that came to be known as Gothic, including pointed arches, flying buttresses and ribbed vaulting, the builders continued to employ many of the features and much of the character of Romanesque architecture including round-headed arch throughout the building, varying the shape to pointed where it was functionally practical to do so.


Premise: What is the cause of diagreements in child labour numbers for present day?

Hypothesis: For example, the overall extent of child labour in China is unclear due to the government categorizing child labour data as “highly secret”.


Premise: Which parts of the ball carrier's body do not cause play to stop when they touch the ground?

Hypothesis: If no score has been made, the next play starts from scrimmage.


Premise: Where do NASCAR races in Miami take place?

Hypothesis: The Homestead-Miami Speedway oval hosts NASCAR national races.


Premise: Who defended fifty schools accused of price-sharing, stating they were unaware the laws had changed?

Hypothesis: However, Jean Scott, the head of the Independent Schools Council, said that independent schools had always been exempt from anti-cartel rules applied to business, were following a long-established procedure in sharing the information with each other, and that they were unaware of the change to the law (on which they had not been consulted).


Premise: When did Lieutenant-Governor of New South Wales Francis Grose start suggesting Norfolk Island be closed as a penal settlement?

Hypothesis: A small party remained to slaughter stock and destroy all buildings, so that there would be no inducement for anyone, especially from other European powers, to visit and lay claim to the place.


Premise: What religion do most Turkish Cypriots identify with?

Hypothesis: According to Eurobarometer 2005, Cyprus was the second most religious state in the European Union at that time, after Malta (although in 2005 Romania wasn't in the European Union, currently Romania is the most religious state in the European Union) (see Religion in the European Union).


Premise: What features of an infectious organism does a culture allow examining?

Hypothesis: Culture allows identification of infectious organisms by examining their microscopic features, by detecting the presence of substances produced by pathogens, and by directly identifying an organism by its genotype.


Premise: In what year was Paul Vi's final counsel session?

Hypothesis: He opened the final session of the council, concelebrating with bishops from countries where the Church was persecuted.


Premise: Which scientist was able to create a model for the digestive process?

Hypothesis: Leonardo did not publish his works on this subject, but he was not afraid of thinking for himself and he definitely disagreed with Galen.


Premise: John lost the duchy of Normandy to who?

Hypothesis: John lost the duchy of Normandy to King Philip II of France, which resulted in the collapse of most of the Angevin Empire and contributed to the subsequent growth in power of the Capetian dynasty during the 13th century.


Premise: How long did the Majapahit Empire last?

Hypothesis: The Majapahit Empire was an Indianised kingdom based in eastern Java from 1293 to around 1500.


Premise: What else does this law provide to service providers?

Hypothesis: The DMCA also provides safe harbor for digital service providers whose users are suspected of copyright infringement, thus reducing the likelihood that the providers themselves will be considered directly infringing.


Premise: What is the abbreviation for a tactical operations center?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, most of these tents are set up and operated through the support of Natick Soldier Systems Center.


Premise: What time of day do opponents of daylight savings believe is disrupted the most by the time shift?

Hypothesis: Opponents argue that actual energy savings are inconclusive, that DST increases health risks such as heart attack, that DST can disrupt morning activities, and that the act of changing clocks twice a year is economically and socially disruptive and cancels out any benefit.


Premise: Who runs the Tucson Folk Festival?

Hypothesis: Organized by the Tucson Kitchen Musicians Association, volunteers make this festival possible.


Premise: What is the maximum amount of load a USB 1. and 2.0 device may draw?

Hypothesis: A device may draw a maximum of five unit loads from a port in USB 1.x and 2.0 (500 mA), or six unit loads in USB 3.0 (900 mA).


Premise: What did Myanmar block after Cyclone Nargis?

Hypothesis: China's openness during the media coverage of the Sichuan earthquake led a professor at the Peking University to say, “


Premise: What singer criticized Carrie Underwood for winning a Country Music Award?

Hypothesis: Musician Michael Feinstein, while acknowledging that the show had uncovered promising performers, said that American Idol "isn't really about music.


Premise: What must voters do on the ballot when Parliament adds a supplement?

Hypothesis: Parliament can supplement the proposed amendment with a counter-proposal, and then voters must indicate a preference on the ballot in case both proposals are accepted.


Premise: What is  the first step in destructive testing?

Hypothesis: The report is then analyzed to determine whether or not the entire rail is safe to use.


Premise: What type of order was the Dominican Order?

Hypothesis: Dominic's new order was to be a preaching order, trained to preach in the vernacular languages.


Premise: What common ingredients are in Israeli cuisine?

Hypothesis: It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in the Arab, Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, such as falafel, hummus, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar, which have become common ingredients in Israeli cuisine.


Premise: Which company first used the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept?

Hypothesis: In 1982, Regis McKenna was brought in to shape the marketing and launch of the Macintosh.


Premise: What bus service did the University of Southampton commission to carry people between the city and the university?

Hypothesis: There is also a door-to-door minibus service called Southampton Dial a Ride, for residents who cannot access public transport.


Premise: What purpose did Eton Dorney have to the London Olympic games?

Hypothesis: Access to the 400-acre parkland around the Lake is provided to members of the public, free of charge, almost all the year round.


Premise: FighterCommand lost how many fighters?

Hypothesis: Fighter Command lost 17 fighters and six pilots.


Premise: What was the name of the ship that was attacked outside of the Odessa harbor?

Hypothesis: To show support for Turkey after the battle of Sinop, on the 22th of December 1853, the Anglo-French squadron entered the Black Sea and the steamship HMS Retribution approached the Port of Sevastopol, the commander of which received an ultimatum not to allow any ships in the Black Sea.


Premise: An otherwise valid and agreed upon treaty may be rejected as what for several reasons most of which involve problems created at the formation of a treaty?

Hypothesis: There are several reasons an otherwise valid and agreed upon treaty may be rejected as a binding international agreement, most of which involve problems created at the formation of the treaty.[citation needed]


Premise: What usually happens with misdemeanors?

Hypothesis: Generally, most felony convictions result in lengthy prison sentences as well as subsequent probation, large fines, and orders to pay restitution directly to victims; while misdemeanors may lead to a year or less in jail and a substantial fine.


Premise: In which year did the CFL begin requiring teams to attempt 2-point conversions after scoring in a tie-breaking situation?

Hypothesis: In a playoff or championship game, the teams continue to attempt to score from alternating 35-yard lines, until one team is leading after both have had an equal number of possessions.


Premise: What channel did Marvel buy to self-distribute its own comics in the 1990s?

Hypothesis: In early 1997, when Marvel's Heroes World endeavor failed, Diamond also forged an exclusive deal with Marvel—giving the company its own section of its comics catalog Previews.


Premise: Who increased the spread of religious reforms in Myanmar?

Hypothesis: Burmese literature "grew more confident, popular, and stylistically diverse", and the second generation of Burmese law codes as well as the earliest pan-Burma chronicles emerged.


Premise: What did Yongle want to trade with Tibet?

Hypothesis: Tsai writes that shortly after the visit by Deshin Shekpa, the Yongle Emperor ordered the construction of a road and of trading posts in the upper reaches of the Yangzi and Mekong Rivers in order to facilitate trade with Tibet in tea, horses, and salt.


Premise: Until 342 when did the Church of Rome think the vernal equinox fell?

Hypothesis: The Church of Alexandria celebrated Easter on the Sunday after the 14th day of the moon (computed using the Metonic cycle) that falls on or after the vernal equinox, which they placed on 21 March.


Premise: What allows users to easily sync data between an iPhone and a Mac?

Hypothesis: This has been attributed, in part, to the success of the iPod and the iPhone, a halo effect whereby satisfied iPod or iPhone owners purchase more Apple products, and Apple has since capitalized on that with the iCloud cloud service that allows users to seamlessly sync data between these devices and Macs.


Premise: Who cast the two service bells?

Hypothesis: The two service bells and the 1320 bell, along with a fourth small silver "dish bell", kept in the refectory, have been noted as being of historical importance by the Church Buildings Council of the Church of England.


Premise: After what war did the states economy improve?

Hypothesis: North Carolina was hard hit by the Great Depression, but the New Deal programs of Franklin D. Roosevelt for cotton and tobacco significantly helped the farmers.


Premise: What occurred in the United Nations general convening in 2006 ?

Hypothesis: Until 2005, the United Nations General Assembly annually adopted a detailed resolution about the situation in Myanmar by consensus.


Premise: How did the Nazis conjure up anti-Semitic feelings in civilians?

Hypothesis: The Holocaust (which roughly means "burnt whole") was the deliberate and systematic murder of millions of Jews and other "unwanted" during World War II by the Nazi regime in Germany.


Premise: Why did the Radicals and Tories oppose the bill about the constitution of Jamaica?

Hypothesis: The bill removed political power from plantation owners who were resisting measures associated with the abolition of slavery.


Premise: What is Hokkien?

Hypothesis: ; simplified Chinese: 福建话; pinyin: Fújiànhuà; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hok-kiàn oē) or Quanzhang (Quanzhou–Zhangzhou / Chinchew–Changchew; BP: Zuánziū–Ziāngziū) is a group of mutually intelligible Min Nan Chinese dialects spoken throughout Southeast Asia, Taiwan, and by many other overseas Chinese.


Premise: Which group uses TDM as a metric?

Hypothesis: European Travel Commission divides the European region on the basis of Tourism Decision Metrics (TDM) model.


Premise: What were the three major things that the district would include?

Hypothesis: The district would include heavier police presence, as well as beautification and infrastructure improvements.


Premise: What did the USAF use the WC-130H aircraft for before they converted them for transport missions?

Hypothesis: Cargo and transport aircraft are typically used to deliver troops, weapons and other military equipment by a variety of methods to any area of military operations around the world, usually outside of the commercial flight routes in uncontrolled airspace.


Premise: What is common prevention method of infections in medicine?

Hypothesis: Antibiotics are used both in treating human disease and in intensive farming to promote animal growth, where they may be contributing to the rapid development of antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations.


Premise: What makes RGB LEDs different?

Hypothesis: They are used where a combination of maximum control and minimum visible electronics are needed such as strings for Christmas and LED matrices.


Premise: What were the two Japanese sects of Buddhism?

Hypothesis: Buddhism began to spread throughout Japan during the Heian period, primarily through two major esoteric sects, Tendai and Shingon.


Premise: What articles are similar to Bulgarian?

Hypothesis: An interesting morphological feature is a post-posed definite article -to, -ta, -te similarly to that existing in Bulgarian and Macedonian.


Premise: Are minority leaders usually experienced?

Hypothesis: When Nancy Pelosi, D-CA, became Minority Leader in the 108th Congress, she had served in the House nearly 20 years and had served as minority whip in the 107th Congress.


Premise: In Vitruvius's mind, whose responsibility was it to see the principles carried out?

Hypothesis: According to Vitruvius, the architect should strive to fulfill each of these three attributes as well as possible.


Premise: Which author voiced his displeasure of the morality of Darwin's views in a novel?

Hypothesis: The political economy of struggle was criticised as a British stereotype by Karl Marx and by Leo Tolstoy, who had the character Levin in his novel Anna Karenina voice sharp criticism of the morality of Darwin's views.


Premise: How many miles was the village Frédéric born in located to the west of Warsaw?

Hypothesis: The parish baptismal record gives his birthday as 22 February 1810, and cites his given names in the Latin form Fridericus Franciscus (in Polish, he was Fryderyk Franciszek).


Premise: Where did polish knightshood originate?

Hypothesis: Coats of arms were very important to the Polish nobility.


Premise: What were the last days of the Qing dynasty marked by?

Hypothesis: However, many of these measures were opposed by the conservatives of the Qing Court, and many reformers were either imprisoned or executed outright.


Premise: Which country had Hidalgo attempted to reach to gain support?

Hypothesis: Hidalgo attempted to reach the United States and gain American support for Mexican independence.


Premise: What does DRM stand for?

Hypothesis: MIDI files also cannot be played, but can be converted to audio files using the "Advanced" menu in iTunes.


Premise: Which of Hayek's works does Samuelson cite as being incorrect regarding macroeconomics?

Hypothesis: Hayek's influence on the development of economics is widely acknowledged.


Premise: What is another name for Ārūpyadhātu?

Hypothesis: Rebirths in the Ārūpyadhātu (formless realms) can be attained by only those who can meditate on the arūpajhānas, the highest object of meditation.


Premise: Where is the GDP of Thuringia?

Hypothesis: The GDP of Thuringia is below the national average, in line with the other former East German Lands.


Premise: What do Orthodox Jews turn to for guidance and practical application of jewish law?

Hypothesis: For guidance in practical application of Jewish law, the majority of Orthodox Jews appeal to the Shulchan Aruch ("Code of Jewish Law" composed in the 16th century by Rabbi Joseph Caro) together with its surrounding commentaries.


Premise: On what aspect did Black Enterprise Magazine name Comcast a top 15 employer?

Hypothesis: Comcast was also named a "Top 2014 Workplace" by the Washington Post in their annual feature.


Premise: By 2004-05, what percentage of players in the Premier League were from outside the UK and Ireland?

Hypothesis: In the 2004–05 season the figure had increased to 45 per cent.


Premise: Which Oxford professor believed that the Bible should be the sole authority in religious questions?

Hypothesis: Wycliffe held that the Bible should be the only authority in religious questions, and he spoke out against transubstantiation, celibacy and indulgences.


Premise: In 1961, who suggested the possibility that Napoleon died from ingestion of arsenic?

Hypothesis: His description of Napoleon in the months before his death led Sten Forshufvud in a 1961 paper in Nature to put forward other causes for his death, including deliberate arsenic poisoning.


Premise: What is the population growth rate of Somerset county

Hypothesis: The percentage of the population who are economically active is higher than the regional and national average, and the unemployment rate is lower than the regional and national average.


Premise: Who was the winner of American Idols twelfth season?

Hypothesis: 23-year-old Candice Glover won the season with Kree Harrison taking the runner-up spot.


Premise: Who owns the rights to all phonographic material done by the contestants?

Hypothesis: 19 Recordings, a recording label owned by 19 Entertainment, currently hold the rights to phonographic material recorded by all the contestants.


Premise: What does the term 'intellectual property' disallow intelligent discussion about?

Hypothesis: Criticism of the term intellectual property ranges from discussing its vagueness and abstract overreach to direct contention to the semantic validity of using words like property and rights in fashions that contradict practice and law.


Premise: Who approved the supplementary negative budget drafted by the Estonian government?

Hypothesis: In the fourth quarter of 2010, Estonian industrial output increased by 23% compared to the year before.


Premise: What do annelids use to move?

Hypothesis: They also have parapodia for locomotion.


Premise: In order for the body to function normally, what must be used to neutralize free radicals?

Hypothesis: Having a variety of antioxidants allows any byproducts to be safely dealt with by more efficient antioxidants in neutralizing a free radical's butterfly effect.


Premise: Who reclaimed the Seoul?

Hypothesis: North Korean troops in the south, instead of effectively withdrawing north, rapidly disintegrated, leaving Pyongyang vulnerable.


Premise: Bugs are usually the fault of whom or what?

Hypothesis: Since computers merely execute the instructions they are given, bugs are nearly always the result of programmer error or an oversight made in the program's design.


Premise: What act finally broke the power of the aristocracy?

Hypothesis: Sebastião de Melo prosecuted every person involved, even women and children.


Premise: Whose independent label became a hub for the industrial scene?

Hypothesis: The innovative production techniques devised by post-punk producers such as Martin Hannett and Dennis Bovell during this period would become an important element of the emerging music, with studio experimentation taking a central role.


Premise: In what way is Selenizza bitumen geologically different than bitumen found in sands?

Hypothesis: The rock asphalt is found in the form of veins, filling cracks in a more or less horizontal direction.


Premise: What was made illegal in 1792?

Hypothesis: The importation of slaves was made illegal in 1792.


Premise: What language does the term Negrito come from?

Hypothesis: The term Negrito itself has come under criticism in countries like Malaysia, where it is now interchangeable with the more acceptable Semang, although this term actually refers to a specific group.


Premise: What percent of people in Bolivia grew up with an indigenous mother tongue yet don't call themselves indigenous?

Hypothesis: In Bolivia, a 62% majority of residents over the age of 15 self-identify as belonging to an indigenous people, while another 3.7% grew up with an indigenous mother tongue yet do not self-identify as indigenous.


Premise: What year did Chinese astronomers start to observe comets?

Hypothesis: By the 12th century, they could reasonably accurately make predictions of eclipses, but the knowledge of this was lost during the Ming dynasty, so that the Jesuit Matteo Ricci gained much favour in 1601 by his predictions.


Premise: Where has a non-native rodent known as a nutria become very destructive?

Hypothesis: In the US state of Louisiana, a non-native rodent known as a nutria has become so destructive to the local ecosystem that the state has initiated a bounty program to help control the population.


Premise: What styles of music did post-punk pave the way for?

Hypothesis: Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music.


Premise: What do the fans have?

Hypothesis: Those who are interested in the backstage occurrences, future storylines, and reasonings behind company decisions read newsletters written by journalists with inside ties to the wrestling industry.


Premise: What did the rules of sec require?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, there was a tradition of prose in the literature of the time, though exclusively non-fictional in nature.


Premise: What network aired the first season of American Idol?

Hypothesis: It was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman.


Premise: What was the alternative to prevention?

Hypothesis: Edwin Chadwick's 1829 article, "Preventive police" in the London Review, argued that prevention ought to be the primary concern of a police body, which was not the case in practice.


Premise: How many stories tall will each of the three proposed towers be?

Hypothesis: There are also plans for a 15-storey hotel at the Ocean Village marina, and a 21-storey hotel on the north eastern corner of the city centre, as part of a £100m development.


Premise: Which book was Darwin working on when he received a package from Wallace?

Hypothesis: Darwin was hard at work on his "big book" on Natural Selection, when on 18 June 1858 he received a parcel from Wallace, who stayed on the Maluku Islands (Ternate and Gilolo).


Premise: What position did Conroy try and fail to get Victoria to appoint him to during her illness and later?

Hypothesis: While Victoria was ill, Conroy and the Duchess unsuccessfully badgered her to make Conroy her private secretary.


Premise: What began at the same time Scholasticism ended?

Hypothesis: Thus, a suitable environment was created in which it became possible to question scientific doctrine, in much the same way that Martin Luther and John Calvin questioned religious doctrine.


Premise: Who produced Fantasia?

Hypothesis: Several works from the Golden Age of Animation matched the action to classical music.


Premise: How were taxes charged during the Tukugawa period?

Hypothesis: As a result, the tax revenues collected by the samurai landowners were worth less and less over time.


Premise: When was the Chiefs of Staff Committee formed?

Hypothesis: The formation of a united ministry of defence was rejected by David Lloyd George's coalition government in 1921; but the Chiefs of Staff Committee was formed in 1923, for the purposes of inter-Service co-ordination.


Premise: Outside of what structure did the execution of the Southampton Plot leaders take place?

Hypothesis: They were found guilty and summarily executed outside the Bargate.


Premise: Cultural dissemination has continued over the what?

Hypothesis: The process of cultural dissemination has perpetuated over the centuries as Western media corporations have penetrated markets throughout the world, spreading Western culture and styles.


Premise: What represent words of the language using several strategies?

Hypothesis: Chinese characters represent words of the language using several strategies.


Premise: When did the FCC rule on net neturality?

Hypothesis: The FCC Chairman, Tom Wheeler, commented, "This is no more a plan to regulate the Internet than the First Amendment is a plan to regulate free speech.


Premise: What did Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad rule?

Hypothesis: When the news reached Yazid I, he sent Ubayd-Allah bin Ziyad, ruler of Basrah, with the instruction to prevent the people of Kufa rallying behind Al-Husayn.


Premise: What did the ascent of the Matterhorn mark?

Hypothesis: While Mont Blanc was first climbed in 1786, most of the Alpine four-thousanders were climbed during the first half of the 19th century; the ascent of the Matterhorn in 1865 marked the end of the golden age of alpinism.


Premise: Which business sector contributed to the financial crisis by acting recklessly and taking on too much risk?

Hypothesis: It concluded that "the crisis was avoidable and was caused by: widespread failures in financial regulation, including the Federal Reserve’s failure to stem the tide of toxic mortgages; dramatic breakdowns in corporate governance including too many financial firms acting recklessly and taking on too much risk; an explosive mix of excessive borrowing and risk by households and Wall Street that put the financial system on a collision course with crisis; key policy makers ill prepared for the crisis, lacking a full understanding of the financial system they oversaw; and systemic breaches in accountability and ethics at all levels".


Premise: What category did the NC Constitution broaden the people allowed to hold public office to from 1835 to 1876?

Hypothesis: : The North Carolina Constitution of 1776 disestablished the Anglican church, but until 1835 the NC Constitution allowed only Protestants to hold public office.


Premise: What date did Estonia join the League of Nations?

Hypothesis: As an OSCE participating State, Estonia's international commitments are subject to monitoring under the mandate of the U.S. Helsinki Commission.


Premise: Who built the first electric elevator?

Hypothesis: The first electric elevator was built by Werner von Siemens in 1880 in Germany.


Premise: How much did oil and gas exploration and production make up Houston's gross product?

Hypothesis: In 2010, mining (which consists almost entirely of exploration and production of oil and gas in Houston) accounted for 26.3% of Houston's GAP up sharply in response to high energy prices and a decreased worldwide surplus of oil production capacity, followed by engineering services, health services, and manufacturing.


Premise: Are modern day teenagers exposed to more or less media than other generations?

Hypothesis: Modern day teenagers are exposed to more media on a daily basis than any generation before them.


Premise: During what action is asphalt often reclaimed?

Hypothesis: With some 95% of paved roads being constructed of or surfaced with asphalt, a substantial amount of asphalt pavement material is reclaimed each year.


Premise: When was Nanjing conquered by the Communist People's Liberation Army (PLA)?

Hypothesis: By late 1949, the PLA was pursuing remnants of KMT forces southwards in southern China, and only Tibet was left.


Premise: What NATO force are the Canadians part of?

Hypothesis: A Canadian component of the NATO Airborne Early Warning Force is also based at NATO Air Base Geilenkirchen near Geilenkirchen, Germany.


Premise: What type of process theology does C. Robert Mesle promote?

Hypothesis: Process theology typically stresses God's relational nature.


Premise: Along with replacement via inpainting, what procedure is used in infrared cleaning to remove the effect of scratches and dust?

Hypothesis: Once located, those defects can be corrected by scaling or replaced by inpainting.


Premise: The flute, oboe and bassoon are all what type of instrument?

Hypothesis: Woodwinds included the basset clarinet, basset horn, clarinette d'amour, the Classical clarinet, the chalumeau, the flute, oboe and bassoon.


Premise: How many seats are in Notre Dame Stadium?

Hypothesis: It was in 1928 that famed coach Knute Rockne used his final conversation with the dying Gipp to inspire the Notre Dame team to beat the Army team and "win one for the Gipper."


Premise: Who made large contributions in the sciences in latter centuries?

Hypothesis: There were also reformational efforts throughout continental Europe known as the Radical Reformation—a response to perceived corruption in both the Roman Catholic Church and the expanding Magisterial Reformation led by Luther and various other reformers—which gave rise to Anabaptist, Moravian, and other Pietistic movements.


Premise: What are waders called in North America?

Hypothesis: A similar situation occurs with waders (called shorebirds in North America).


Premise: What action did the movements combine to produce?

Hypothesis: However, revolutionary activities against the British rule took place throughout the Indian subcontinent and some others adopted a militant approach like the Indian National Army that sought to overthrow British rule by armed struggle.


Premise: What type of bacteria-attacking medicine will treat tuberculosis?

Hypothesis: It contains living bacteria, so can spread the infection.


Premise: What type of treaty is a mutual guarantee?

Hypothesis: The agreement establishes rights and obligations between each party and every other party.


Premise: What health events had Nasser suffered in 1966 and 1969?

Hypothesis: He had previously suffered heart attacks in 1966 and September 1969.


Premise: What is caused by using or selling a patented invention without permission?

Hypothesis: There is safe harbor in many jurisdictions to use a patented invention for research.


Premise: What was the grad rate in 2005?

Hypothesis: Scores on the state's standardized test, the Pennsylvania System of School Assessment (PSSA) have trended upward from 2005 to 2011 but have decreased since.


Premise: What happened to Atlantic City in the early part of the 20th century?

Hypothesis: In the early part of the 20th century, Atlantic City went through a radical building boom.


Premise: What is El Colegio Nacional modeled after?

Hypothesis: A special case is that of El Colegio Nacional, created during the district's governmental period of Miguel Alemán Valdés to have, in Mexico, an institution similar to the College of France.


Premise: What did the donations total for the program?

Hypothesis: Of the donations, CCTV gave the biggest corporate contribution at ¥50 million.


Premise: What object sources the data in of the first LED of a digital rgb LED?

Hypothesis: These are connected in a daisy chain, with the data in of the first LED sourced by a microprocessor, which can control the brightness and color of each LED independently of the others.


Premise: What was a way musicians got sounds such short recording times?

Hypothesis: In popular music, this time limitation of about 3:30 on a 10-inch 78 rpm record meant that singers usually did not release long pieces on record.


Premise: When did Bern regain control of Bernese Oberland?

Hypothesis: Bern was occupied by French troops in 1798 during the French Revolutionary Wars, when it was stripped of parts of its territories.


Premise: Who governs the church?

Hypothesis: Westminster Abbey is a collegiate church governed by the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, as established by Royal charter of Queen Elizabeth I in 1560, which created it as the Collegiate Church of St Peter Westminster and a Royal Peculiar under the personal jurisdiction of the Sovereign.


Premise: What is the total area of New York City in square miles?

Hypothesis: The highest point in the city is Todt Hill on Staten Island, which, at 409.8 feet (124.9 m) above sea level, is the highest point on the Eastern Seaboard south of Maine.


Premise: What is the name of the antimatter counterpart of electrons?

Hypothesis: It was not until decades later that physicists thought of analyzing the nodes of the Feynman diagrams more closely.


Premise: Which English monarch knighted Popper?

Hypothesis: He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1965, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1976.


Premise: How are the leads of an axially configured capacitor arranged?

Hypothesis: "Axial" means that the leads are on a common axis, typically the axis of the capacitor's cylindrical body – the leads extend from opposite ends.


Premise: What was the index published on December 18, 2008 lacking?

Hypothesis: This so-called "statistical update" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report.


Premise: What does the area experience?

Hypothesis: The most recent hurricane to have a considerable effect on the area was Isabel in 2003.


Premise: What does Aquinas define as the aim toward which law is working?

Hypothesis: While the term "law" is never explicitly defined in the Code, the Catechism of the Catholic Church cites Aquinas in defining law as "...an ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgated by the one who is in charge of the community" and reformulates it as "...a rule of conduct enacted by competent authority for the sake of the common good."


Premise: Where does most of In Transit take place?

Hypothesis: Set primarily in the New York City subway system its score features an eclectic mix of musical genres (including jazz, hip hop, Latin, rock, and country).


Premise: What type of nut is poisonous to dogs?

Hypothesis: A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials.


Premise: What was the normal per game attendance of AFL games in the 1990s?

Hypothesis: Average attendance for AFL games were around 10,000–11,000 per game in the 1990s, though during the recession connected to the dot-com bubble and the September 11, 2001 attacks average attendance dropped below 10,000 for several years.


Premise: What nation formed a protectorate over the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: Britain also raised no objection to a German protectorate over the Marshalls in exchange for German recognition of Britain's rights in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands.


Premise: What was the name of the second hotel built by Josiah White III?

Hypothesis: White named the new hotel the Blenheim and merged the two hotels into the Marlborough-Blenheim.


Premise: What are the two types of group boundaries?

Hypothesis: Boundaries can be inclusive or exclusive depending on how they are perceived by other people.


Premise: Where had Paymasters been able to get money from directly until 1782?

Hypothesis: Previously, Paymasters had been able to draw on money from HM Treasury at their discretion.


Premise: Who confirmed the elevation of the Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1708?

Hypothesis: The Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg were elevated by the Holy Roman Emperor to the rank of Prince-Elector in 1692, and this elevation was confirmed by the Imperial Diet in 1708.


Premise: When did India and Pakistan begin serious peace talks?

Hypothesis: The peace process between India and Pakistan, which began in earnest in 2004, has helped pacify the situation.


Premise: Why were the windows of town pubs made of smoked or frosted glass traditionally?

Hypothesis: , there has been a move towards clear glass, in keeping with brighter interiors.


Premise: In therapy, what does the antibacterial interact with?

Hypothesis: In cases where antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency of birth control pills, such as for the broad-spectrum antibacterial rifampicin, these cases may be due to an increase in the activities of hepatic liver enzymes' causing increased breakdown of the pill's active ingredients.


Premise: How many member clubs are shareholders in the Premier League?

Hypothesis: It is currently sponsored by Barclays Bank and thus officially known as the Barclays Premier League and is colloquially known as the Premiership.


Premise: What defines a large part of minority leader role?

Hypothesis: To a large extent, the functions of the minority leader are defined by tradition and custom.


Premise: Where is Velenje located?

Hypothesis: The court, however, explicitly made it clear that the purpose of the review was "not a verdict on Tito as a figure or on his concrete actions, as well as not a historical weighing of facts and circumstances".


Premise: Together how records have they sold ?

Hypothesis: As of April 2014, the couple have sold a combined 300 million records together.


Premise: What did Whitehead ask people to reimagine in order for philosophy to make progress?

Hypothesis: In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics.


Premise: What kind of money is the U.S. dollar?

Hypothesis: A few countries use only the U.S. Dollar for paper money, while the country mints its own coins, or also accepts U.S. coins that can be used as payment in U.S. dollars, such as the Susan B. Anthony dollar.


Premise: Between what species do usually transduction, conjugation and transformation take place?

Hypothesis: In ordinary circumstances, transduction, conjugation, and transformation involve transfer of DNA between individual bacteria of the same species, but occasionally transfer may occur between individuals of different bacterial species and this may have significant consequences, such as the transfer of antibiotic resistance.


Premise: What controversial religious group did Nigeria join?

Hypothesis: He enrolled Nigeria in the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, which aggravated religious tensions in the country.


Premise: When did Natural bronze start to be used by the general public?

Hypothesis: Natural bronze, a type of copper made from ores rich in silicon, arsenic, and (rarely) tin, came into general use in the Balkans around 5500 BC.[citation needed]


Premise: There is an intermediate state between one life and the next according to what Buddism?

Hypothesis: The orthodox Theravada position rejects this; however there are passages in the Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon that seem to lend support to the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between one life and the next.[page needed]


Premise: How many murders occurred in 1990?

Hypothesis: There were 525 murders in 1990, a rate of 31.5 per 100,000.


Premise: What was Whitehead's criticism of the use of inert ideas in education?

Hypothesis: He opined that "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful."


Premise: Who led the Spanish Inquisition?

Hypothesis: According to a 2008 study published in the American Journal of Human Genetics, 19.8% of the modern Iberian population has Sephardic Jewish ancestry, indicating that the number of conversos may have been much higher than originally thought.


Premise: What military tactic proved to be unsuccessful on the 1914 battlefields?

Hypothesis: Use of traditional cavalry on the battlefields of 1914 proved to be disastrous, due to accurate, long-range rifle fire, machine-guns and artillery.


Premise: How many were killed at the Juyuan Elementary School?

Hypothesis: Up to 1,300 children and teachers died at Beichuan Middle School.


Premise: What was removed from the Freemasonry constitution?

Hypothesis: A dispute during the Lausanne Congress of Supreme Councils of 1875 prompted the Grand Orient de France to commission a report by a Protestant pastor which concluded that, as Freemasonry was not a religion, it should not require a religious belief.


Premise: Who did Yaroslav's sons marry?

Hypothesis: His daughters became queens of Hungary, France and Norway, his sons married the daughters of a Polish king and a Byzantine emperor (not to mention a niece of the Pope), while his granddaughters were a German Empress and (according to one theory) the queen of Scotland.


Premise: What are the top two computing devices consumers are choosing?

Hypothesis: This has been attributed, in part, to the success of the iPod and the iPhone, a halo effect whereby satisfied iPod or iPhone owners purchase more Apple products, and Apple has since capitalized on that with the iCloud cloud service that allows users to seamlessly sync data between these devices and Macs.


Premise: What material was used in Brutalist structures?

Hypothesis: But an even new younger postwar generation critiqued modernism and Brutalism for being too austere, standardized, monotone, and not taking into account the richness of human experience offered in historical buildings across time and in different places and cultures.


Premise: How many counties does Oklahoma Cities Networks cover?

Hypothesis: The major U.S. broadcast television networks have affiliates in the Oklahoma City market (ranked 41st for television by Nielsen and 48th for radio by Arbitron, covering a 34-county area serving the central, northern-central and west-central sections Oklahoma); including NBC affiliate KFOR-TV (channel 4), ABC affiliate KOCO-TV (channel 5), CBS affiliate KWTV-DT (channel 9, the flagship of locally based Griffin Communications), PBS station KETA-TV (channel 13, the flagship of the state-run OETA member network), Fox affiliate KOKH-TV (channel 25), CW affiliate KOCB (channel 34)


Premise: When did Stein win a Pulitzer?

Hypothesis: Four non-profit news outlets, Norwood News, Mount Hope Monitor, Mott Haven Herald and The Hunts Point Express serve the borough's poorer communities.


Premise: Who reported that piracy took $12.5 billion from the U.S. economy?

Hypothesis: The U.S. government was also reported to suffer from music piracy, losing $422 million in tax revenue.


Premise: How does grain become malted?

Hypothesis: The most common starch source used in beer is malted grain.


Premise: What was considered a threat to Western civilization?

Hypothesis: A concern for Western world, if not the whole world, was the late modern form of terrorism and the warfare that has resulted from the contemporary terrorist acts.


Premise: What was the Suiyaun Shidan about?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, culinary traditionalists such as Yuan Mei lambasted the opulent culinary rituals of the Manchu Han Imperial Feast, saying that it is cause in part by "...the vulgar habits of bad chefs" and that "Display this trite are useful only for welcoming new relations through one’s gates or when the boss comes to visit."


Premise: On the campus of what educational institution was Chicago Pile-1 created?

Hypothesis: Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed for such a reaction by piling together 400 short tons (360 metric tons) of graphite, 58 short tons (53 metric tons) of uranium oxide, and six short tons (5.5 metric tons) of uranium metal, a majority of which was supplied by Westinghouse Lamp Plant in a makeshift production process.


Premise: what type of land is much of the great plans?

Hypothesis: In the spring and fall, ranchers held roundups where their cowboys branded new calves, treated animals and sorted the cattle for sale.


Premise: What is the western part of the Tennessee Valley called?

Hypothesis: In this valley are numerous towns and two of the region's three urban areas, Knoxville, the 3rd largest city in the state, and Chattanooga, the 4th largest city in the state.


Premise: What is the lowest error rate that occurs in eukaryotic cells?

Hypothesis: Small mutations can be caused by DNA replication and the aftermath of DNA damage and include point mutations in which a single base is altered and frameshift mutations in which a single base is inserted or deleted.


Premise: What mode of government does the anarchists prefer?

Hypothesis: The mode of political organization preferred by anarchists, in general, is federalism or confederalism.[citation needed]


Premise: What is the king offering Theotokos in the Monreale mosaics?

Hypothesis: Another panel shows the king offering the model of the cathedral to the Theotokos.


Premise: Where did Kangxi lead an army?

Hypothesis: To extend and consolidate the dynasty's control in Central Asia, the Kangxi Emperor personally led a series of military campaigns against the Dzungars in Outer Mongolia.


Premise: Along with :45, :30 and :15 past the hour, at what time do TCM features begin?

Hypothesis: Partly to allow these interstitials, Turner Classic Movies schedules its feature films either at the top of the hour or at :15, :30 or :45 minutes past the hour, instead of in timeslots of varying five-minute increments.


Premise: How many days is the incubation period for kiwis?

Hypothesis: Incubation periods range from 10 days (in woodpeckers, cuckoos and passerine birds) to over 80 days (in albatrosses and kiwis).


Premise: What is the other superphylum besides protostomes?

Hypothesis: Annelids are members of the protostomes, one of the two major superphyla of bilaterian animals – the other is the deuterostomes, which includes vertebrates.


Premise: How many has she sold worldwide?

Hypothesis: As a solo artist she has sold over 15 million albums in the US, and over 118 million records worldwide (a further 60 million additionally with Destiny's Child), making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time.


Premise: What part of Lincoln's life did the film cover?

Hypothesis: It won the award for Best Production Design and Day-Lewis won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Lincoln, becoming the first three time winner in that category as well as the first to win for a performance directed by Spielberg.


Premise: What time period did the Garamantes arrive in?

Hypothesis: The Garamantes civilization eventually collapsed after they had depleted available water in the aquifers and could no longer sustain the effort to extend the tunnels further into the mountains.


Premise: Why is spirometry so commonly used to diagnose asthma?

Hypothesis: It is the single best test for asthma.


Premise: Which two of Chopin's friends became part of his Paris milieu?

Hypothesis: In letters to Woyciechowski, he indicated which of his works, and even which of their passages, were influenced by his fascination with her; his letter of 15 May 1830 revealed that the slow movement (Larghetto) of his Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor) was secretly dedicated to her – "It should be like dreaming in beautiful springtime – by moonlight."


Premise: Which church in the United States is associated with the Angican Communion?

Hypothesis: Thus unlike the Protestant churches at large, the Anglican Communion (which includes the Episcopal Church in the United States) includes segments which still retain some veneration of Mary.


Premise: What regulatory change did the hearing about video game violence in 1993 lead to?

Hypothesis: Game players were not the only ones to notice the violence in this game; US Senators Herb Kohl and Joe Lieberman convened a Congressional hearing on December 9, 1993 to investigate the marketing of violent video games to children.[e]


Premise: How did Valens get him to return?

Hypothesis: Valens, who seems to have sincerely dreaded the possible consequences of another popular outbreak, within a few weeks issued orders allowing Athanasius to return to his episcopal see.


Premise: When did the Everton Tigers win the BBL Cup?

Hypothesis: The team quickly became one of the most successful in the league winning the BBL Cup in 2009 and the play-offs in 2010.


Premise: What was it once considered socially advantageous to do?

Hypothesis: In addition, social conditions have changed and many multiracial people do not believe it is socially advantageous to try to "pass" as white.


Premise: How much money did the US loan to Britain after WW2?

Hypothesis: The "wind of change" ultimately meant that the British Empire's days were numbered, and on the whole, Britain adopted a policy of peaceful disengagement from its colonies once stable, non-Communist governments were available to transfer power to.


Premise: Who argues that the fundamental laws of physics are laws of temporal evolution?

Hypothesis: One recent proponent of the laws solution is Tim Maudlin who argues that the fundamental laws of physics are laws of temporal evolution (see Maudlin ).


Premise: Who coined the word "scientist"?

Hypothesis: The English word scientist is relatively recent—first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century.


Premise: How many stations are there on the Delhi Metro?

Hypothesis: Delhi Metro is the world's 12th largest metro system in terms of length.


Premise: What does the increasing demand for container traffic make companies use more often?

Hypothesis: The increasing demand for container traffic which is more efficient when utilizing the double-stack car also has network effect issues with existing electrifications due to insufficient clearance of overhead electrical lines for these trains, but electrification can be built or modified to have sufficient clearance, at additional cost.


Premise: What is the second empires?

Hypothesis: The ensuing period is called the Restoration, following French usage, and is characterized by a sharp conservative reaction and the re-establishment of the Roman Catholic Church as a power in French politics.


Premise: What illness was Nasser diagnosed with in 1960?

Hypothesis: He was diagnosed with diabetes in the early 1960s and by the time of his death in 1970, he also had arteriosclerosis, heart disease, and high blood pressure.


Premise: Does Florida benefit from taxes

Hypothesis: They gained federal money from national programs; like other southern states, Florida residents have received more federal monies than they pay in taxes: the state is a net beneficiary.


Premise: How many children did she have?

Hypothesis: As a result of her seclusion, republicanism temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign her popularity recovered.


Premise: What does using natural illumination instead of artificial lighting help with?

Hypothesis: This can save energy in place of using artificial lighting, which represents a major component of energy consumption in buildings.


Premise: What is the rule called that causes a father's race to not matter?

Hypothesis: This overturned the principle in English common law by which a man gave his status to his children – this had enabled communities to demand that fathers support their children, whether legitimate or not.


Premise: How many European countries remained neutral throughout World War II?

Hypothesis: Portugal was one of only five European countries to remain neutral in World War II.


Premise: Are any other birds considered common in the world of poultry?

Hypothesis: These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails and turkeys) and the family Anatidae, in order Anseriformes, commonly known as "waterfowl" and including domestic ducks and domestic geese.


Premise: How long was the mural discovered in Libya?

Hypothesis: In 1913 the Zliten mosaic, a Roman mosaic famous for its many scenes from gladiatorial contests, hunting and everyday life, was discovered in the Libyan town of Zliten.


Premise: What was Beyoncé's first acting job, in 2006?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé also ventured into acting, with a Golden Globe-nominated performance in Dreamgirls (2006), and starring roles in The Pink Panther (2006) and Obsessed (2009).


Premise: Where does London rank in the world in terms of Metropolitan GDP?

Hypothesis: It is one of the world's leading financial centres and has the fifth-or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world depending on measurement.[note 3]


Premise: At what age were bishops required to retire by Paul VI?

Hypothesis: In Ecclesiae Sanctae, his motu proprio of 6 August 1966, he further invited all bishops to offer their retirement to the pontiff no later than the completion of their 75th year of age.


Premise: Why did he receive criticism for I Walk the Line

Hypothesis: His performance of Live's version of "I Walk the Line" was well received by the judges but later criticized in some quarters for not crediting the arrangement to Live.


Premise: When did the Werhmacht cross the south border of Estonia?

Hypothesis: At the end of July the Germans resumed their advance in Estonia working in tandem with the Estonian Forest Brothers.


Premise: What is an example of a book of medicine from the Malla period?

Hypothesis: Books have been found from this era that describe their tantric tradition (e.g. Tantrakhyan), medicine (e.g. Haramekhala), religion (e.g. Mooldevshashidev), law, morals, and history.


Premise: How many of the big four banks are headquartered in Melbourne?

Hypothesis: Two of the big four banks, NAB and ANZ, are headquartered in Melbourne.


Premise: The control of universities by the state can be attributed to the advancement in the development of what?

Hypothesis: This era was also affected by the rise of the nation-state.


Premise: Who discovered mevastatin?

Hypothesis: Animal trials showed very good inhibitory effect as in clinical trials, however a long term study in dogs found toxic effects at higher doses and as a result mevastatin was believed to be too toxic for human use.


Premise: What name did Armenia gain it's name from?

Hypothesis: According to the histories of both Moses of Chorene and Michael Chamchian, Armenia derives from the name of Aram, a lineal descendant of Hayk.


Premise: What can be deployed in fixed launchers but re-deploy at will?

Hypothesis: Larger SAMs may be deployed in fixed launchers, but can be towed/re-deployed at will.


Premise: What were the Turks waiting for when positioned near Akhaltsike?

Hypothesis: In the center the Turks moved north from Ardahan to within cannon-shot of Akhaltsike and awaited reinforcements (13 November).


Premise: During which years did the conscious begin to look for a new style in Germany, Italy, Russia, and Holland?

Hypothesis: " Between 1905 and 1908, a conscious search for a new style caused rapid changes in art across France, Germany, Holland, Italy, and Russia.


Premise: Which motivation for drinking alcohol results in low conscientiousness, lowered inhibition, and greater tendency towards aggression?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, drinking to cope with negative emotional states correlates strongly with high neuroticism and low agreeableness.


Premise: What was done on the 150th anniversary of the publication of On the Origin of Species?

Hypothesis: On the Origin of Species and the bicentenary of Darwin's birth were scheduled for 2009.


Premise: What group did Otto I defeat?

Hypothesis: By the late 10th century Italy had been drawn into the Ottonian sphere after a period of instability; Otto III (r. 996–1002) spent much of his later reign in the kingdom.


Premise: What has been found in caves near Vercors?

Hypothesis: About 10,000 years ago, when the ice melted after the last glacial period, late Paleolithic communities were established along the lake shores and in cave systems.


Premise: What did the Greek minister of finance clarify the 1999 budget was below when calculated with the ESA79 methodology?

Hypothesis: The above led the Greek minister of finance to clarify that the 1999 budget deficit was below the prescribed 3% limit when calculated with the ESA79 methodology in force at the time of Greece's application, and thus the criteria had been met.


Premise: When does the final take place?

Hypothesis: The final is normally held the Saturday after the Premier League season finishes in May.


Premise: What non-bird animals caused the bird populations of Norfolk Island to suffer?

Hypothesis: The birds have also suffered from the introduction of mammals such as rats, cats, pigs and goats, as well as from introduced competitors such as common blackbirds and crimson rosellas.


Premise: In which year did the Carnation Revolution take place?

Hypothesis: This allowed considerable slippage in state-managed public works and inflated top management and head officer bonuses and wages.


Premise: What two major department stores are located at the Third Street Promenade?

Hypothesis: Santa Monica Place, featuring Bloomingdale's and Nordstrom in a three-level outdoor environment, is located at the south end of the Promenade.


Premise: Which style guide recommends using Vergilius to avoid confusion with Virgilius Maro Grammaticus?

Hypothesis: Modern usage permits both, though the Oxford guide to style recommends Vergilius to avoid confusion with the 8th-century grammarian Virgilius Maro Grammaticus.


Premise: Where is information provided to designate which character form to select?

Hypothesis: For example, the Advanced Typographic tables of OpenType permit one of a number of alternative glyph representations to be selected when performing the character to glyph mapping process.


Premise: What ruler decreed the change to the Gregorian calendar?

Hypothesis: In these territories, as well as in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (ruled by Anna Jagiellon) and in the Papal States, the new calendar was implemented on the date specified by the bull, with Julian Thursday, 4 October 1582, being followed by Gregorian Friday, 15 October 1582.


Premise: When did the KMT government head to Taiwan?

Hypothesis: After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in October 1949, Nanjing was initially a province-level municipality, but it was soon merged into Jiangsu province and again became the provincial capital by replacing Zhenjiang which was transferred in 1928, and retains that status to this day.


Premise: At the end of what decade did the Hot 100 and Easy Listening charts begin to converge?

Hypothesis: The Hot 100 and Easy Listening charts became more similar again toward the end of the 1960s and into the early and mid-1970s, when the texture of much of the music played on Top 40 radio once more began to soften.


Premise: What year's poll of supporters said that the Tottenham rivalry was greatest?

Hypothesis: A 2008 poll listed the Tottenham rivalry as more important.


Premise: What is the name of the local government?

Hypothesis: The Royal Galician Academy, the institution responsible for regulating the Galician language, whilst recognizing it as a legitimate current denomination, has stated that the only official name of the country is Galicia.


Premise: When did the King and Queen visit North Africa and Malta?

Hypothesis: The King visited military forces abroad in France in December 1939, North Africa and Malta in June 1943, Normandy in June 1944, southern Italy in July 1944, and the Low Countries in October 1944.


Premise: What label did ABC sell in 1979?

Hypothesis: By 1987, CBS was the only "big three" American TV network to have a co-owned record company.


Premise: What direction is the economic heart of Zhejiang moving toward?

Hypothesis: As a result, Zhejiang has made itself one of the richest provinces, and the "Zhejiang spirit" has become something of a legend within China.


Premise: What are areas of bare skin on the abdomen or breast of incubating birds?

Hypothesis: The warmth for the incubation of the eggs of megapodes comes from the sun, decaying vegetation or volcanic sources.


Premise: Why do hydraulic elevators use more energy?

Hypothesis: The low mechanical complexity of hydraulic elevators in comparison to traction elevators makes them ideal for low rise, low traffic installations.


Premise: Scotty's first album reached the top Billboard spot, the first time for an Idol winner since when?

Hypothesis: . 1 on the US Billboard 200 since Ruben Studdard's Soulful in 2003, and he became the youngest male artist to reach No


Premise: What types of services will be offered by the BeiDou system?

Hypothesis: The restricted military service has a location accuracy of 10 centimetres, can be used for communication, and will supply information about the system status to the user.


Premise: What's the name of Schwarzenegger's film production company?

Hypothesis: Schwarzenegger is also the owner of Arnold's Sports Festival, which he started in 1989 and is held annually in Columbus, Ohio.


Premise: Who do engravers use diamond dust for?

Hypothesis: For example, he accurately describes the octahedral shape of the diamond, and proceeds to mention that diamond dust is used by engravers to cut and polish other gems owing to its great hardness.


Premise: When did Congress pass the Espionage Act?

Hypothesis: In February 1918, the Montana legislature had passed the Montana Sedition Act, which was a model for the federal version.


Premise: How many times has the Greek national basketball team won the European championship?

Hypothesis: They have won the European Championship twice in 1987 and 2005, and have reached the final four in two of the last four FIBA World Championships, taking the second place in the world in 2006 FIBA World Championship, after a spectacular 101–95 win against Team USA in the tournament's semifinal.


Premise: What three countries sent their Navy to Greece?

Hypothesis: After years of negotiation, three Great Powers, Russia, the United Kingdom and France, decided to intervene in the conflict and each nation sent a navy to Greece.


Premise: How is graphics information read from a CD+ Graphics?

Hypothesis: These six bits store the graphics information.


Premise: How many lines are in the rail network?

Hypothesis: In addition, the Paris region is served by a light rail network of nine lines, the tramway: Line T1 runs from Asnières-Gennevilliers to Noisy-le-Sec, line T2 runs from Pont de Bezons to Porte de Versailles, line T3a runs from Pont du Garigliano to Porte de Vincennes, line T3b runs from Porte de Vincennes to Porte de la Chapelle, line T5 runs from Saint-Denis to Garges-Sarcelles, line T6 runs from Châtillon to Velizy, line T7 runs from Villejuif to Athis-Mons, line T8 runs from Saint-Denis to Épinay-sur-Seine and Villetaneuse, all of which are operated by the Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens, and line T4 runs from Bondy RER to Aulnay-sous-Bois, which is operated by the state rail carrier SNCF.


Premise: Who chose to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis in about 1137?

Hypothesis: Suger, friend and confidant of the French Kings, Louis VI and Louis VII, decided in about 1137, to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis, attached to an abbey which was also a royal residence.


Premise: Who co-hosted American Idol?

Hypothesis: The first season of American Idol debuted as a summer replacement show in June 2002 on the Fox network.


Premise: In what form is 1/4 of zinc used in the US?

Hypothesis: Zinc oxide is widely used as a white pigment in paints, and as a catalyst in the manufacture of rubber.


Premise: How many Aboriginal nations evolved trade, as well as spiritual and social hierarchies?

Hypothesis: Hundreds of Aboriginal nations evolved trade, spiritual and social hierarchies.


Premise: How is Victoria related to Elizabeth?

Hypothesis: Elizabeth's many historic visits and meetings include a state visit to the Republic of Ireland and reciprocal visits to and from the Pope.


Premise: In the Treaty of Schönbrunn, what territory was given to the Poles?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, while most of the hereditary lands remained a part of the Habsburg realm, France received Carinthia, Carniola, and the Adriatic ports, while Galicia was given to the Poles and the Salzburg area of the Tyrol went to the Bavarians.


Premise: What can be found in the streams up to the snow line?

Hypothesis: Brown trout can be found in the streams up to the snow line.


Premise: How long was Guinea-Bissau under colonial rule?

Hypothesis: 44% speak Kriol, a Portuguese-based creole language, which is effectively a national language of communication among groups.


Premise: After the limitations placed on critical habitat were lifted by the courts, where were critical habitats established primarily?

Hypothesis: In the late 1990s and early 2000s, a series of court orders invalidated the Reagan regulations and forced the FWS and NMFS to designate several hundred critical habitats, especially in Hawaii, California and other western states.


Premise: What are the two biggest reasons for resistance?

Hypothesis: Widespread usage of antibiotics in hospitals has also been associated with increases in bacterial strains and species that no longer respond to treatment with the most common antibiotics.


Premise: What is race a factor of for the ethnically diverse people of China?

Hypothesis: In a 2007 review paper, Štrkalj suggested that the stark contrast of the racial approach between the United States and China was due to the fact that race is a factor for social cohesion among the ethnically diverse people of China, whereas "race" is a very sensitive issue in America and the racial approach is considered to undermine social cohesion - with the result that in the socio-political context of US academics scientists are encouraged not to use racial categories, whereas in China they are encouraged to use them.


Premise: What is a narcokleptocracy?

Hypothesis: The United States accused Manuel Noriega's government in Panama of being a "narcokleptocracy", a corrupt government profiting on illegal drug trade.


Premise: Where does the montane zone extend from?

Hypothesis: The Alpine zone, extending from tree line to snow line, is followed by the glacial zone, which covers the glaciated areas of the mountain.


Premise: Along with the affluent, what is the socioeconomic class of the inhabitants of the Southside?

Hypothesis: Neighborhoods in the city's Southside area range from affluent and middle class suburban neighborhoods Westover Hills, Forest Hill, Southampton, Stratford Hills, Oxford, Huguenot Hills, Hobby Hill, and Woodland Heights to the impoverished Manchester and Blackwell areas, the Hillside Court housing projects, and the ailing Jefferson Davis Highway commercial corridor.


Premise: What attractions are present at Hotel Yak & Yeti and the Hyatt Regency?

Hypothesis: Now Kathmandu boasts several luxury such as the Hyatt Regency, Dwarika's, theYak & Yeti, The Everest Hotel, Hotel Radisson, Hotel De L'Annapurna, The Malla Hotel, Shangri-La Hotel (which is not operated by the Shangri-La Hotel Group) and The Shanker Hotel.


Premise: Shiraz is the capital of what Province?

Hypothesis: The ruins of Persepolis and Pasargadae, two of the four capitals of the Achaemenid Empire, are located around the modern-day city of Shiraz.


Premise: What family do potatoes, tomatoes and peppers belong to?

Hypothesis: Many of our fruits come from the Rutaceae, or rue family (including oranges, lemons, grapefruits, etc.), and the Rosaceae, or rose family (including apples, pears, cherries, apricots, plums, etc.).


Premise: Many Jews have aspired to return to where?

Hypothesis: Since the existence of the earliest Jewish diaspora, many Jews have aspired to return to "Zion" and the "Land of Israel", though the amount of effort that should be spent towards such an aim was a matter of dispute.


Premise: When was the next session scheduled?

Hypothesis: In his journal in 1959 during a spiritual retreat, John XXIII made this remark: "I always think of Pius IX of holy and glorious memory, and by imitating him in his sacrifices, I would like to be worthy to celebrate his canonization".


Premise: Who was elected as the Mission's first municipal magistrate?

Hypothesis: The 432 residents of the town petitioned the governor to form a pueblo, and Juan María Osuna was elected the first alcalde ("municipal magistrate"), defeating Pío Pico in the vote.


Premise: If each house of parliament is notified seperately, what regulation applies?

Hypothesis: Two methods are available: the sovereign's representatives may grant assent in the presence of both houses of parliament; alternatively, each house may be notified separately, usually by the speaker of that house.


Premise: When did women join the Protestant ministry?

Hypothesis: Protestant churches reject the idea of a celibate priesthood and thus allow their clergy to marry.


Premise: How did Victoria realize that her mother deeply loved her?

Hypothesis: Through reading her mother's papers, Victoria discovered that her mother had loved her deeply; she was heart-broken, and blamed Conroy and Lehzen for "wickedly" estranging her from her mother.


Premise: What kind of terrain is found in the southwest part of the Congo?

Hypothesis: The southwest of the country is a coastal plain for which the primary drainage is the Kouilou-Niari River; the interior of the country consists of a central plateau between two basins to the south and north.


Premise: Who was charged with brining to trial large numbers of Nazi collaborators?

Hypothesis: Draža Mihailović was found guilty of collaboration, high treason and war crimes and was subsequently executed by firing squad in July 1946.


Premise: What caused the death of Julius Caesar's female offspring?

Hypothesis: Finally, Pompey's wife, Julia, who was Caesar's daughter, died in childbirth.


Premise: What can coelomocyte cells defend against?

Hypothesis: Species with well-developed septa generally also have blood vessels running all long their bodies above and below the gut, the upper one carrying blood forwards while the lower one carries it backwards.


Premise: What is the highest tax bracket in Montana?

Hypothesis: Montana's personal income tax contains 7 brackets, with rates ranging from 1 percent to 6.9 percent.


Premise: Which season of American Idol stands out for having the highest ratings?

Hypothesis: Season five began on January 17, 2006.


Premise: In what year did New York City adopt the mayor-council form of government?

Hypothesis: New York City has been a metropolitan municipality with a mayor-council form of government since its consolidation in 1898.


Premise: When did stations previously sign off the air?

Hypothesis: Most CBC-owned stations previously signed off the air during the early morning hours (typically from 1:00 a.m. to 6:00 a.m.).


Premise: Where is the air the strongest?

Hypothesis: The lowering of air is the strongest and the most effective over the eastern part of the Great Desert, in the Libyan Desert which is the sunniest, the driest and the most nearly rainless place on the planet rivaling the Atacama Desert, lying in Chile and Peru.


Premise: Where was Johann Tillmann from?

Hypothesis: The wars launched a new movement that was born in France itself during the French Revolution.


Premise: Girls ages 15 to 19 have higher rates of what STD than any other age group?

Hypothesis: One-quarter of all new HIV cases occur in those under the age of 21.


Premise: What company bought RapidMind in 2009?

Hypothesis: Fixstars Solutions sells a version of Yellow Dog Linux for PlayStation 3 (originally sold by Terra Soft Solutions).


Premise: What percentage of Somalians are ethnic Somalis?

Hypothesis: While most Somalis can be found in Somalia proper, large numbers also live in Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, Yemen, the Middle East, South Asia and Europe due to their seafaring tradition.


Premise: Greece became a full ESA member when?

Hypothesis: Greece has been a member of the European Space Agency (ESA) since 2005.


Premise: What KU department was rated second in its field?

Hypothesis: USN&WR also ranked several programs in the top 25 among U.S. universities.


Premise: What type of view is that classical music is primarily written musical tradition?

Hypothesis: While there are differences between particular performances of a classical work, a piece of classical music is generally held to transcend any interpretation of it.


Premise: Who was the doctor related to?

Hypothesis: he was a doctor for the reservations.


Premise: What city is the Harlem River Speedway in?

Hypothesis: Speedway Boulevard, a major east-west arterial road in central Tucson, was named the "ugliest street in America" by Life magazine in the early 1970s, quoting Tucson Mayor James Corbett.


Premise: What was the name of Pu Songling's collection of short stories?

Hypothesis: Pu Songling brought the short story form to a new level in his Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, published in the mid-18th century, and Shen Fu demonstrated the charm of the informal memoir in Six Chapters of a Floating Life, written in the early 19th century but published only in 1877.


Premise: In 1836, who invented the automatic revolver in Eli Whitney's gun manufacturing plant?

Hypothesis: The city struck fortune in the late 18th century with the inventions and industrial activity of Eli Whitney, a Yale graduate who remained in New Haven to develop the cotton gin and establish a gun-manufacturing factory in the northern part of the city near the Hamden town line.


Premise: How did Tom Robinson die in the novel?

Hypothesis: Scholar Patrick Chura, who suggests Emmett Till was a model for Tom Robinson, enumerates the injustices endured by the fictional Tom that Till also faced.


Premise: What may be represented as a series of still image frames?

Hypothesis: For example, small differences in color are more difficult to perceive than are changes in brightness.


Premise: In which season did Ford Motor Company become a sponsor of American Idol?

Hypothesis: The sponsorship deal cost around $10 million in season one, rising to $35 million by season 7, and between $50 to $60 million in season 10.


Premise: What effect did the  undermining of The league of Nations have on the people?

Hypothesis: The League was undermined by the bellicosity of Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, the Soviet Union, and Mussolini's Italy, and by the non-participation of the United States, leading many to question its effectiveness and legitimacy.


Premise: Mixing organic chemistry with living organisms created what early form of biochemistry?

Hypothesis: The synthesis of urea by Friedrich Wöhler opened a new research field, organic chemistry, and by the end of the 19th century, scientists were able to synthesize hundreds of organic compounds.


Premise: Through what act would Roman and German customs become intertwine?

Hypothesis: Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans.


Premise: Where do the Seattle Opera and Pacific Northwest Ballet perform?

Hypothesis: The century-old Seattle Symphony Orchestra is among the world's most recorded and performs primarily at Benaroya Hall.


Premise: When is the term 'German dialects' used in regard to the German language?

Hypothesis: That allows them to be distinguished from the regional varieties of modern standard German.


Premise: Avani Hotels and resorts is a chain resort in Windhoek, what is another?

Hypothesis: The capital city of Windhoek plays a very important role in Namibia's tourism due to its central location and close proximity to Hosea Kutako International Airport.


Premise: What relationship led the Soviets to invite Gaddafi to Moscow?

Hypothesis: In July, a border war broke out with Egypt, in which the Egyptians defeated Libya despite their technological inferiority.


Premise: What is George Ayittey's profession?

Hypothesis: According to Ayittey, "In Sudan... the Arabs monopolized power and excluded blacks – Arab apartheid.


Premise: What industries do Jehovah Witnesses avoid working in?

Hypothesis: Jehovah's Witnesses see themselves as a worldwide brotherhood that transcends national boundaries and ethnic loyalties.


Premise: How many miles east of Richmond is Williamsburg?

Hypothesis: Major suburbs include Midlothian to the southwest, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast.


Premise: Which Protestant denomination has its headquarters in Nashville, TN?

Hypothesis: Tennessee is home to several Protestant denominations, such as the National Baptist Convention (headquartered in Nashville); the Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (both headquartered in Memphis); the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy (both headquartered in Cleveland).


Premise: What year did Terminator Genisys debut?

Hypothesis: On July 11, 2011, it was announced that Schwarzenegger was considering a comeback film despite his legal problems.


Premise: What does PLDA stand for?

Hypothesis: The Professional Lighting Designers Association (PLDA), formerly known as ELDA is an organisation focusing on the promotion of the profession of Architectural Lighting Design.


Premise: Who owns the KUHT, KUHF, and KUHA stations?

Hypothesis: The University of Houston System owns and holds broadcasting licenses to KUHT, KUHF, and KUHA.


Premise: The protest also initiate the start of criticizing what presidential administration?

Hypothesis: The event became a rallying point for the New Left and critics of the Nixon Administration.


Premise: What Arabic word describes the aspects of Quranic verses that Sufism tries to push beyond?

Hypothesis: Sufism moves beyond the apparent (zahir) point of the verses and instead relates Quranic verses to the inner or esoteric (batin) and metaphysical dimensions of consciousness and existence.


Premise: Along with the Prospect of Whitby and the Cheshire Cheese, what pub did Dickens visit?

Hypothesis: However, Charles Dickens is known to have visited the Cheshire Cheese, the Prospect of Whitby, Ye Olde Cock Tavern and many others.


Premise: Who came up with the name for Apple's portable mp3 player?

Hypothesis: Chieco saw an analogy to the relationship between the spaceship and the smaller independent pods in the relationship between a personal computer and the music player.


Premise: How prevalent is Principia Mathematica today?

Hypothesis: Whitehead and Russell had thought originally that Principia Mathematica would take a year to complete; it ended up taking them ten years.


Premise: The Enlightenment is frequently linked to the French Revolution of what year?

Hypothesis: In this view, the revolutions of the late 1700s and early 1800s were caused by the fact that this governance paradigm shift often could not be resolved peacefully, and therefore violent revolution was the result.


Premise: Who was blamed for the week long rebellion of 1866?

Hypothesis: The majority of Sicilians preferred independence to the Savoia kingdom; in 1866, Palermo became the seat of a week-long popular rebellion, which was finally crushed after Martial law was declared.


Premise: What was  Athanasius doing when he was arrested?

Hypothesis: For two years Liberius had been favourable to the cause of Athanasius; but driven at last into exile, he was induced to sign an ambiguous formula, from which the great Nicene text, the "homoousion", had been studiously omitted.


Premise: How much many did the Premier League make from selling its internation rights during 2004-07?

Hypothesis: Sky's monopoly was broken from August 2006 when Setanta Sports was awarded rights to show two out of the six packages of matches available.


Premise: Greece has been a member of what agency since 2005?

Hypothesis: Greece has been a member of the European Space Agency (ESA) since 2005.


Premise: What is the flight range of landbirds?

Hypothesis: Seabirds also undertake long migrations, the longest annual migration being those of sooty shearwaters, which nest in New Zealand and Chile and spend the northern summer feeding in the North Pacific off Japan, Alaska and California, an annual round trip of 64,000 km (39,800 mi).


Premise: What is  the first step in destructive testing?

Hypothesis: The ends of the segment are frayed, then set in conical zinc molds.


Premise: On what date were the members of the RCC announced?

Hypothesis: Although theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building, Gaddafi dominated the RCC, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses.


Premise: Where did the semi finals take place before then?

Hypothesis: In the period between this first decade and the reopening of Wembley, semi-finals were played at high-capacity neutral venues around England; usually the home grounds of teams not involved in that semi-final, chosen to be roughly equidistant between the two teams for fairness of travel.


Premise: The new Statement on Academic Freedom allows students to analyze and discuss Church doctrine but does not allow student expressions that do what?

Hypothesis: " The new rules have not affected BYU's accreditation, as the university's chosen accrediting body allows "religious colleges and universities to place limitations on academic freedom so long as they publish those limitations candidly", according to associate academic vice president Jim Gordon.


Premise: Who is the commander and chief of the Army?

Hypothesis: Congress also has the duty and authority to prescribe the laws and regulations under which the armed forces operate, such as the Uniform Code of Military Justice, and requires that all Generals and Admirals appointed by the president be confirmed by a majority vote of the Senate before they can assume their office.


Premise: How many firestations are there?

Hypothesis: Each engine is staffed with a driver, an officer, and one to two firefighters, while each ladder company is staffed with a driver, an officer, and one firefighter.


Premise: Who removed the cap on cardinals in the College of the Cardinals?

Hypothesis: While the number of cardinals was small from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance, and frequently smaller than the number of recognized churches entitled to a cardinal priest, in the 16th century the College expanded markedly.


Premise: What is a ribosome responsible for?

Hypothesis: Each tRNA has three unpaired bases known as the anticodon that are complementary to the codon it reads on the mRNA.


Premise: China has how much wind power installed?

Hypothesis: China now has 42,300 MW of wind power installed.


Premise: The Crimean war marked the end of what dominant European power?

Hypothesis: The Crimean War marked the ascendancy of France to the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent,:411 the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the beginning of a decline for Tsarist Russia.


Premise: What are the devices called that are from an external source?

Hypothesis: Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved.


Premise: How many soldiers did Charles initially lead against the French at the Battle of Aspern-Essling?

Hypothesis: The Austrians enjoyed a comfortable numerical superiority over the French throughout the battle; on the first day, Charles disposed of 110,000 soldiers against only 31,000 commanded by Napoleon.


Premise: When did the torch visit Malaysia?

Hypothesis: The event was held in the capital city, Kuala Lumpur, on April 21.