Premise: What factor were the French unaware of at the start of the battle?

Hypothesis: The German casualties were relatively high due to the advance and the effectiveness of the chassepot rifle.


Premise: What country has one of the largest Caribbean Carnivals?

Hypothesis: That country has one of the largest Caribbean Carnivals.


Premise: Whose philosophy heavily influenced Hayek?

Hypothesis: Although Hayek met Wittgenstein on only a few occasions, Hayek said that Wittgenstein's philosophy and methods of analysis had a profound influence on his own life and thought.


Premise: Where did she perform wearing Baker's hula skirt?

Hypothesis: The feminism and female empowerment themes on Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day were inspired by her role in Dreamgirls and by singer Josephine Baker.


Premise: What has traditionally been the strongest service export sectors in Uruguay?

Hypothesis: Almost 20 private banks, most of them branches of international banks, operate in the country (Banco Santander, ABN AMRO, Citibank, Lloyds TSB, among others).


Premise: How many copies of On the Origin of Species were created in the first printing?

Hypothesis: The third edition came out in 1861, with a number of sentences rewritten or added and an introductory appendix, An Historical Sketch of the Recent Progress of Opinion on the Origin of Species, while the fourth in 1866 had further revisions.


Premise: What adjective describes how our eyes function without a tool like a microscope to help?

Hypothesis: In the diffuse-porous woods, the demarcation between rings is not always so clear and in some cases is almost (if not entirely) invisible to the unaided eye.


Premise: In 310 Agathocles invaded Tunisia and defeated what army?

Hypothesis: Agathocles extended his power throughout most of the Greek cities in Sicily, fought a long war with the Carthaginians, at one point invading Tunisia in 310 and defeating a Carthaginian army there.


Premise: When did England and the Netherlands make peace?

Hypothesis: Peace between England and the Netherlands in 1688 meant that the two countries entered the Nine Years' War as allies, but the conflict—waged in Europe and overseas between France, Spain and the Anglo-Dutch alliance—left the English a stronger colonial power than the Dutch, who were forced to devote a larger proportion of their military budget on the costly land war in Europe.


Premise: What is the Detroit Electronic Music Festival known as?

Hypothesis: The city also lends its name to an early and pioneering genre of electronic dance music, "Detroit techno".


Premise: In addition to technology, Fachhochschulen offer courses in social science, medicine, design, and what other discipline?

Hypothesis: They do not focus exclusively on technology, but may also offer courses in social science, medicine, business and design.


Premise: What caused the transition between the middle ages and early modern times?

Hypothesis: The European Renaissance (about 1420–1630), which marked the transition between the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern times, started in Italy and was spurred in part by the rediscovery of classical art and literature, as well as the new perspectives gained from the Age of Discovery and the invention of the telescope and microscope, expanding the borders of thought and knowledge.


Premise: Which works did Virgil model the Aeneid after?

Hypothesis: Virgil's work has had wide and deep influence on Western literature, most notably Dante's Divine Comedy, in which Virgil appears as Dante's guide through hell and purgatory.


Premise: What is the economic status of the Manchester part of Richmond?

Hypothesis: The portion of the city south of the James River is known as the Southside.


Premise: What being did Ramanuja believe was the personification of Brahman

Hypothesis: Ramanuja saw Vishnu as a personification of Brahman.


Premise: What was the tolerance limit for implosion "edge effect"?

Hypothesis: His calculations showed that implosion would work if it did not depart by more than 5% from spherical symmetry.


Premise: What was one name of a power that the szlachta was dependent on.

Hypothesis: From that point until 1918, the legal status of the nobility was essentially dependent upon the policies of the three partitioning powers: the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Monarchy.


Premise: What Admiral called Nanjing his home?

Hypothesis: As the center of the empire, early-Ming Nanjing had worldwide connections.


Premise: Where was it rumored that the Cubs could home their home games?

Hypothesis: Rumor was the Cubs could hold home games across town at Comiskey Park, home of the American League's Chicago White Sox.


Premise: The Pliocene saw the end of what fauna in South America?

Hypothesis: Africa's collision with Europe formed the Mediterranean Sea, cutting off the remnants of the Tethys Ocean.


Premise: What must be welcomed in areas for the term do be perceived as complimentary?

Hypothesis: Characteristics were ascribed to both and examples of both kinds were offered.


Premise: What instrument gained prominence in the 19th and 20th century?

Hypothesis: Many instruments today associated with popular music filled important roles in early classical music, such as bagpipes, vihuelas, hurdy-gurdies, and some woodwind instruments.


Premise: What are the names of the groups of FETs

Hypothesis: Also, both devices operate in the depletion mode, they both have a high input impedance, and they both conduct current under the control of an input voltage.


Premise: What is the name of Israel's intelligence agency?

Hypothesis: The role and functions of the CIA are roughly equivalent to those of the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (the SIS or MI6), the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS), the Egyptian General Intelligence Service, the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (Sluzhba Vneshney Razvedki) (SVR), the Indian Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), the French foreign intelligence service Direction Générale de la Sécurité Extérieure (DGSE) and Israel's Mossad.


Premise: Ice from what source helped to create earths oceans?

Hypothesis: Condensing water vapor, augmented by ice delivered from comets, produced the oceans.


Premise: What are Dame Lois Browne-Evans and her husband putting an emphasis on?

Hypothesis: They have emphasised Bermuda's cultural connections with the West Indies.


Premise: Where was Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch from?

Hypothesis: In later years it was Rav Ettlinger's students Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch and Rabbi Azriel Hildesheimer of Berlin who deepened the awareness and strength of Orthodox Jewry.


Premise: Pontus was defeated in what wars?

Hypothesis: After a long struggle with Rome in the Mithridatic wars, Pontus was defeated, part of it was incorporated into the Roman Republic as the province Bithynia and Pontus and the eastern half survived as a client kingdom.


Premise: What did a study done by Elizabeth Loftus and John palmer show?

Hypothesis: To illustrate, consider a classic study conducted by Elizabeth Loftus and John Palmer (1974) in which people were instructed to watch a film of a traffic accident and then asked about what they saw.


Premise: Crassus' head is used a prop in what performance?

Hypothesis: Theaters have also been found: for example, in Ai-Khanoum on the edge of Bactria, the theater has 35 rows – larger than the theater in Babylon.


Premise: West Slavic people consist of which nationalities?

Hypothesis: Present-day Slavic people are classified into West Slavic (chiefly Poles, Czechs and Slovaks), East Slavic (chiefly Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians), and South Slavic (chiefly Serbs, Bulgarians, Croats, Bosniaks, Macedonians, Slovenes, and Montenegrins), though sometimes the West Slavs and East Slavs are combined into a single group known as North Slavs.


Premise: Who was Ibn Sina's first appontment?

Hypothesis: Ibn Sina's chief reward for this service was access to the royal library of the Samanids, well-known patrons of scholarship and scholars.


Premise: What does Orthodoxy strongly condemn?

Hypothesis: However, some Orthodox Jewish organizations do reach out to intermarried Jews.


Premise: How many asphalt short tracks are in Arizona?

Hypothesis: Tucson Raceway Park hosts NASCAR-sanctioned auto racing events and is one of only two asphalt short tracks in Arizona.


Premise: What district is Lafayette Park a part of?

Hypothesis: Immigrants have contributed to the city's neighborhood revitalization, especially in southwest Detroit.


Premise: Who ranked Houston the 23rd most walkable of the 50 largest cities in the US?

Hypothesis: A 2011 study by Walk Score ranked Houston the 23rd most walkable of the 50 largest cities in the United States.


Premise: Who was the Sao Paulo first commissioned by in 1963?

Hypothesis: São Paulo was first commissioned in 1963 by the French Navy as Foch and was transferred in 2000 to Brazil, where she became the new flagship of the Brazilian Navy.


Premise: What states that treaties are to be interpreted "in good faith" according to the "ordinary meaning given to the terms of the treaty in their context and in light of its object and purpose?"

Hypothesis: International legal experts also often invoke the 'principle of maximum effectiveness,' which interprets treaty language as having the fullest force and effect possible to establish obligations between the parties.


Premise: What was the new name of the university when it reopened in 1872?

Hypothesis: In 1871, after the end of the war, the city was annexed to the newly established German Empire as part of the Reichsland Elsass-Lothringen under the terms of the Treaty of Frankfurt.


Premise: What is transpiration?

Hypothesis: These developments, coupled with new methods for measuring the size of stomatal apertures, and the rate of photosynthesis have enabled precise description of the rates of gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere.


Premise: Where do most of the missionaries come from?

Hypothesis: While these missionaries are predominantly from the United States, France, Italy, and Spain, many are also from Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and other African countries.


Premise: What intelligence service did the Department of Defense recently create?

Hypothesis: In spite of this, the Department of Defense recently organized its own global clandestine intelligence service, the Defense Clandestine Service (DCS), under the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA).


Premise: Who co-founded Comcast?

Hypothesis: Brian L. Roberts, Chairman, President, and CEO of Comcast, is son of co-founder Ralph Roberts.


Premise: At the end of the 19th century what was the literacy rate for the public in the Empire believed to be?

Hypothesis: Because of a low literacy rate among the public (about 2–3% until the early 19th century and just about 15% at the end of 19th century),[citation needed] ordinary people had to hire scribes as "special request-writers" (arzuhâlcis) to be able to communicate with the government.


Premise: USB keyboards and mice may communicate using what?

Hypothesis: For mice and keyboards with dual-protocol support, an adaptor that contains no logic circuitry may be used: the hardware in the USB keyboard or mouse is designed to detect whether it is connected to a USB or PS/2 port, and communicate using the appropriate protocol.


Premise: Generally how fast are these trains?

Hypothesis: The vision for this corridor is to restore the alignment to its original route via the Knowledge Corridor in western Massachusetts, improving trip time and increasing the population base that can be served.


Premise: What Empire did the Orontid Dynasty belong to?

Hypothesis: The kingdom became fully sovereign from the sphere of influence of the Seleucid Empire in 190 BC under King Artaxias I and begun the rule of the Artaxiad dynasty.


Premise: What year was the extension to U.S. daylight savings proposed by the DST Coalition?

Hypothesis: In May 1965, for two weeks, St. Paul, Minnesota and Minneapolis, Minnesota were on different times, when the capital city decided to join most of the nation by starting Daylight Saving Time while Minneapolis opted to follow the later date set by state law.


Premise: Who first used the term Irano-Aryan?

Hypothesis: The use of the term for the Iranian language family was introduced in 1836 by Christian Lassen.


Premise: Who started the Fiesta de los Vaqueros?

Hypothesis: Another popular event held in February, which is early spring in Tucson, is the Fiesta de los Vaqueros, or rodeo week, founded by winter visitor, Leighton Kramer.


Premise: On what date did the Battle of Ourique take place?

Hypothesis: The story associated with this miracle tells that before the Battle of Ourique (25 July 1139), an old hermit appeared before Count Afonso Henriques (future Afonso I) as a divine messenger.


Premise: About what percentage of European men were literate in 1500?

Hypothesis: Lay literacy rates rose, but were still low; one estimate gave a literacy rate of ten per cent of males and one per cent of females in 1500.


Premise: Between 1904 and 2004, what shipbuilding company employed a large portion of Southampton?

Hypothesis: From 1904 to 2004, the Thornycroft shipbuilding yard was a major employer in Southampton, building and repairing ships used in the two World Wars.


Premise: To what rank was Eisenhower promoted on July 7, 1942?

Hypothesis: He was promoted to lieutenant general on July 7.


Premise: How many Oklahomans speak only English at home, as of 2000?

Hypothesis: In 2000, 2,977,187 Oklahomans—92.6% of the resident population five years or older—spoke only English at home, a decrease from 95% in 1990.


Premise: Nutritional deficiencies and colonialism are just two theories of the root cause of Man's inhumanity towards whom?

Hypothesis: Topics like racism, slavery, and human sacrifice attract anthropological attention and theories ranging from nutritional deficiencies to genes to acculturation have been proposed, not to mention theories of colonialism and many others as root causes of Man's inhumanity to man.


Premise: What appliance requires more energy due to the use of incandescent lighting?

Hypothesis: A comparison of incandescent lamp operating cost with other light sources must include illumination requirements, cost of the lamp and labor cost to replace lamps (taking into account effective lamp lifetime), cost of electricity used, effect of lamp operation on heating and air conditioning systems.


Premise: In which year did Benito Juarez die?

Hypothesis: During 1877 the northern parts of the state suffered through a spell of extreme drought which were responsible for many deaths in El Paso del Norte.


Premise: What was Hick's debut single?

Hypothesis: Do I Make You Proud" was released as Hicks' first single and McPhee's


Premise: What city houses the only collection of Rodin sculptures that is larger than the one in Mexico City?

Hypothesis: It houses a large collection of pieces by all major Mexican artists of the last 400 years and also hosts visiting exhibits.


Premise: About when did architecture begin specializing?

Hypothesis: Modernism and Postmodernism have been criticised by some members of the architectural profession who feel that successful architecture is not a personal, philosophical, or aesthetic pursuit by individualists; rather it has to consider everyday needs of people and use technology to create liveable environments, with the design process being informed by studies of behavioral, environmental, and social sciences.


Premise: What is the similar trait of Estonia's four seasons?

Hypothesis: Estonia is situated in the northern part of the temperate climate zone and in the transition zone between maritime and continental climate.


Premise: Missionaries from which country started The Presbyterian Church in Vanuatu?

Hypothesis: The PCV was taken to Vanuatu by missionaries from Scotland.


Premise: How far out of alignment is Oklahoma's western edge from Texas's border?

Hypothesis: The Oklahoma/New Mexico border is actually 2.1 to 2.2 miles east of the Texas line.


Premise: What Israeli company uses motion sensors to display information on a screen embedded in the wall of the cabs?

Hypothesis: Israeli startup DigiGage uses motion sensors to scroll the pre-rendered images, building and floor-specific content on a screen embedded into the wall as the cab moves up and down.


Premise: About how many counts existed in the Carolingian Empire?

Hypothesis: The empire was administered by an itinerant court that travelled with the emperor, as well as approximately 300 imperial officials called counts, who administered the counties the empire had been divided into.


Premise: Intraguild species consumer other species within?

Hypothesis: Intraguild predators are those that kill and eat other predators of different species at the same trophic level, and thus that are potential competitors.


Premise: Bermuda stands as a northern point in what susposed area of strange activity and disappearances?

Hypothesis: However, it is somewhat protected from the full force of a hurricane by the coral reef that surrounds the island.


Premise: How long does primary school continue?

Hypothesis: Primary school continues until grade four, five or six, depending on the school.


Premise: Alaska's coastline also has potential in which two environmentally friendly energy types?

Hypothesis: Alaska also offers some of the highest hydroelectric power potential in the country from its numerous rivers.


Premise: What is a koofiyad?

Hypothesis: On their heads, they often wrap a colorful turban or wear the koofiyad, an embroidered fez.


Premise: What did the foundation decide in 2009

Hypothesis: In 2009, the Foundation decided to refocus its WASH effort mainly on sustainable sanitation services for the poor, using non-piped sanitation services (i.e. without the use of sewers), and less on water supply.


Premise: What bank helped Noriega?

Hypothesis: During their investigation of Noriega, Kerry's staff found reason to believe that the Pakistan-based Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) had facilitated Noriega's drug trafficking and money laundering.


Premise: What is the default sentence structure for the Serbo-Croatian language?

Hypothesis: Serbo-Croatian is a pro-drop language with flexible word order, subject–verb–object being the default.


Premise: Hyponatremia is the term that refers to which action by a human?

Hypothesis: Excess water intake, without replenishment of sodium and potassium salts, leads to hyponatremia, which can further lead to water intoxication at more dangerous levels.


Premise: What was a normal play time per side for LPs?

Hypothesis: An LP can play for up to 30 minutes per side, though most played for about 22 minutes per side, bringing the total playing time of a typical LP recording to about forty-five minutes.


Premise: What was the decision regarding the motion to re-count the votes, after each House finalized their debates?

Hypothesis: During the debate, no Senator argued that the outcome of the election should be changed by either court challenge or revote.


Premise: Who originally donated the land for Hospital Macie?

Hypothesis: The hospital has a chapel built in Greek style by Miguel Estévez in 1798.


Premise: What did the literature compendium document?

Hypothesis: While there were some papers from before that time, this collection documented an entire variety of finished, working audio coders, nearly all of them using perceptual (i.e. masking) techniques and some kind of frequency analysis and back-end noiseless coding.


Premise: What is a popular American show that was shown on the BBC?

Hypothesis: The BBC is also renowned for its production of costume dramas, such as Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice and contemporary social dramas such as Boys from the Blackstuff and Our Friends in the North.


Premise: How many persons were necessary to operate an iron plow?

Hypothesis: The heavy moldboard iron plow, also invented during the Han dynasty, required only one man to control it,


Premise: What caused long lines in most major cities?

Hypothesis: People also donated blood, resulting in according to Xinhua long line-ups in most major Chinese cities.


Premise: Did many believe the FBI was resisting important changes?

Hypothesis: In its most damning assessment, the report concluded that the country had "not been well served" by either agency and listed numerous recommendations for changes within the FBI.


Premise: What other countries are referred to as middle powers?

Hypothesis: For example, sources have at times referred to China, France, Russia and the United Kingdom as middle powers.


Premise: What have a number of tourism-related organizations placed Greek destinations at the top of?

Hypothesis: Lonely Planet ranked Thessaloniki, the country's second-largest city, the world's fifth best "Ultimate Party Town", alongside cities such as Montreal and Dubai, while in 2011 the island of Santorini was voted as the best island in the world by Travel + Leisure.


Premise: Who awarded Beyonce and award for writing?

Hypothesis: In late 2011, she took the stage at New York's Roseland Ballroom for four nights of special performances: the 4 Intimate Nights with Beyoncé concerts saw the performance of her 4 album to a standing room only.


Premise: What presidential powers were included in 2007 law changes?

Hypothesis: Constitutional changes voted on 19 March 2007 prohibited parties from using religion as a basis for political activity, allowed the drafting of a new anti-terrorism law, authorised broad police powers of arrest and surveillance, and gave the president power to dissolve parliament and end judicial election monitoring.


Premise: What was the first non-Pixar movie to win the Best Animated Feature Film award?

Hypothesis: It is the first non-Pixar film to win the award since the category was first introduced.


Premise: What is the name of the standard Hokkien pronunciation and romanization guide?

Hypothesis: In 2007, the Ministry of Education in Taiwan also completed the standardization of Chinese characters used for writing Hokkien and developed Tai-lo as the standard Hokkien pronunciation and romanization guide.


Premise: When was the first 'War of the Worlds' movie released?

Hypothesis: Also in 2005, Spielberg directed a modern adaptation of War of the Worlds (a co-production of Paramount and DreamWorks), based on the H. G. Wells book of the same name (Spielberg had been a huge fan of the book and the original 1953 film).


Premise: What did post-punk artists use in their music?

Hypothesis: The movement also saw the frequent intersection of music with art and politics, as artists liberally drew on sources such as critical theory, cinema, performance art and modernist literature.


Premise: Where does most agricultural production take place?

Hypothesis: Agricultural production is concentrated on small farms.[citation needed]


Premise: When did the Tucson Festival of Books begin?

Hypothesis: By 2010 it had become the fourth largest book festival in the United States, with 450 authors and 80,000 attendees.


Premise: Where does the majority of youtube's revenue go?

Hypothesis: YouTube gives an option for copyright holders to locate and remove their videos or to have them continue running for revenue.


Premise: How many geneticists carried out the 2013 trans-genome study?

Hypothesis: Thus, analysis of Ashkenazi Jews together with a large sample from the region of the Khazar Khaganate corroborates the earlier results that Ashkenazi Jews derive their ancestry primarily from populations of the Middle East and Europe, that they possess considerable shared ancestry with other Jewish populations, and that there is no indication of a significant genetic contribution either from within or from north of the Caucasus region", the authors concluded.


Premise: What is the name of Plymouth Council's urban redevelopment project?

Hypothesis: Its projects range from shopping centres, a cruise terminal, a boulevard and to increase the population to 300,000 and build 33,000 dwellings.


Premise: When was Jonas Bronck born?

Hypothesis: Jonas Bronck (c. 1600–43) was a Swedish born emigrant from Komstad, Norra Ljunga parish in Småland, Sweden who arrived in New Netherland during the spring of 1639.


Premise: Where did Mao Zedong declare that he would intervene in the Korean conflict?

Hypothesis: On 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC).


Premise: When transmitted over the internet, colors are typically to what?

Hypothesis: Colors are typically broadcast using a (10-bits per channel) YUV color space but, depending on the underlying image generating technologies of the receiver, are then subsequently converted to a RGB color space using standardized algorithms.


Premise: When were pagan Slavic populations Christianized?

Hypothesis: There are minor Slavic Muslim groups.


Premise: What did Pliny the Elder think that a sacrifice without prayer was?

Hypothesis: The historian Livy reports an occasion when the presiding magistrate at the Latin festival forgot to include the "Roman people" among the list of beneficiaries in his prayer; the festival had to be started over.


Premise: What do people often have trouble remembering to do for DST?

Hypothesis: People must remember to change their clocks; this can be time-consuming, particularly for mechanical clocks that cannot be moved backward safely.


Premise: Henry Hudson worked for which company in the 1600s?

Hypothesis: He proceeded to sail up what he named the North River, also called the Mauritis River, and now known as the Hudson River, to the site of the present-day New York State capital of Albany in the belief that it might represent an oceanic tributary.


Premise: What allowed better sounds inside the cabinet of the orthoponic phonograph?

Hypothesis: As a result, playback of an Orthophonic record sounded like it was coming from a radio.


Premise: When did Roman Catholic Jesuits and Capuchins arrive in Tibet from Europe?

Hypothesis: Portuguese missionaries Jesuit Father António de Andrade and Brother Manuel Marques first reached the kingdom of Gelu in western Tibet in 1624 and was welcomed by the royal family who allowed them to build a church later on.


Premise: When did Madonna perform at the Hope for Haiti Now?

Hypothesis: Madonna performed at the Hope for Haiti


Premise: What monastic order did Bernard of Clairvaux belong to?

Hypothesis: These new orders were formed in response to the feeling of the laity that Benedictine monasticism no longer met the needs of the laymen, who along with those wishing to enter the religious life wanted a return to the simpler hermetical monasticism of early Christianity, or to live an Apostolic life.


Premise: When was Yerevan State Medical Institute renamed to Yerevan State Medical University?

Hypothesis: In 1995 YSMI was renamed to YSMU and since 1989 it has been named after Mkhitar Heratsi, the famous medieval doctor.


Premise: How does literary fiction aid the person who reads it?

Hypothesis: An entry written by D. Mitchell featured in ‘‘The English Journal’’ explains how the author utilized young adult literature in order to re-experience the emotional psychology she experienced as a child which she describes as a state of “wonder”.


Premise: What limits the feral dog population in Russia?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, in areas where both dogs and other large predators live, dogs can be a major food source for big cats or canines.


Premise: When did the U.S. Senate first pass a financial reform bill?

Hypothesis: For instance, the Volcker Rule against proprietary trading is not part of the legislation, though in the Senate bill regulators have the discretion but not the obligation to prohibit these trades.


Premise: When did laws stop banning marriage between whites and asians?

Hypothesis: Anti-miscegenation laws were passed in most states during the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries, but this did not prevent white slaveholders, their sons, or other powerful white men from taking slave women as concubines and having multiracial children with them.


Premise: In addition to working directly with governments, with whom does UNFPA work?

Hypothesis: UNFPA is the world's largest multilateral source of funding for population and reproductive health programs.


Premise: In what year were religious plays banned in the Netherlands?

Hypothesis: Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s.


Premise: Who was the first bearer of the torch in Argentina?

Hypothesis: In the end of the show the mayor of Buenos Aires Mauricio Macri gave the torch to the first torchbearer, Carlos Espínola.


Premise: What is the limit of how much can be spent on projects receiving the Stephen Lawrence Prize?

Hypothesis: RIBA runs many awards including the Stirling Prize for the best new building of the year, the Royal Gold Medal (first awarded in 1848), which honours a distinguished body of work, and the Stephen Lawrence Prize for projects with a construction budget of less than £500,000.


Premise: Storyboards and what are thought to be comics by some?

Hypothesis: These storyboards are not intended as an end product and are rarely seen by the public.


Premise: What kind of impression has been uncovered by a University?

Hypothesis: In 2008, researchers at Tufts University uncovered what they believe is the world's oldest known full-body impression of a primitive flying insect, a 300 million-year-old specimen from the Carboniferous period.


Premise: In what year was the Digimon video game released?

Hypothesis: Several seasons of the anime and films based on them have aired, and the video game series has expanded into genres such as role-playing, racing, fighting, and MMORPGs.


Premise: Where do unstressed vowels reduce to three?

Hypothesis: In Central Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a


Premise: What year did Estonia win the Eurovision Song Contest?

Hypothesis: Estonia won the Eurovision Song Contest in 2001 with the song "Everybody" performed by Tanel Padar and Dave Benton.


Premise: What is Alaska's capital city?

Hypothesis: The capital city, Juneau, is situated on the mainland of the North American continent but is not connected by road to the rest of the North American highway system.


Premise: What was Tennessee's population in 1980?

Hypothesis: In the 1980 census 1,435,147 Tennesseans claimed "English" or "mostly English" ancestry out of a state population of 3,221,354 making them 45% of the state at the time.


Premise: What form has corruption taken in Africa?

Hypothesis: In Nigeria, for example, more than $400 billion was stolen from the treasury by Nigeria's leaders between 1960 and 1999.


Premise: Ibn Sina left Rey and moved southwards to what city?

Hypothesis: Ibn Sina was even raised to the office of vizier.


Premise: What are current-limiting motor starters referred to as?

Hypothesis: Typically, due to the high current draw when starting the pump motor, hydraulic elevators are not run using standard emergency power systems.


Premise: How long did it take to compile the Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Language?

Hypothesis: In modern times, the monumental Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Language (Диалектологический атлас русского языка [dʲɪɐˌlʲɛktəlɐˈɡʲitɕɪskʲɪj ˈatləs ˈruskəvə jɪzɨˈka]), was published in three folio volumes 1986–1989, after four decades of preparatory work.


Premise: What do all living humans belong to?

Hypothesis: Even though there is a broad scientific agreement that essentialist and typological conceptualizations of race are untenable, scientists around the world continue to conceptualize race in widely differing ways, some of which have essentialist implications.


Premise: It is only considered political corruption if the act directly relates to what?

Hypothesis: An illegal act by an officeholder constitutes political corruption only if the act is directly related to their official duties, is done under color of law or involves trading in influence.


Premise: What was the previous name of the United Church of Christ?

Hypothesis: There is also a small community of Ahmadiyya Muslims based in Majuro, with the first mosque opening in the capital in September 2012.


Premise: Which province is Zhejiang bordered by to the northwest?

Hypothesis: Zhejiang (help·info), formerly romanized as Chekiang, is an eastern coastal province of China.


Premise: Which interstate highway running north-south passes through Memphis?

Hypothesis: , although technically an east-west interstate, runs from the North Carolina border below Johnson City to its terminus at Kingsport. I-24 is an east-west interstate that runs cross-state from Chattanooga to Clarksville.


Premise: What are the outcomes of the breeding of ducks for humans?

Hypothesis: Ducks are more popular there than chickens and are mostly still herded in the traditional way and selected for their ability to find sufficient food in harvested rice fields and other wet environments.


Premise: What did Nasser wear during the coup?

Hypothesis: Nasser did not believe that a low-ranking officer like himself (a lieutenant colonel) would be accepted by the Egyptian people, and so selected General Naguib to be his "boss" and lead the coup in name.


Premise: What two units used the Rapier missile system?

Hypothesis: Both sides also used the Blowpipe missile.


Premise: Melbourne and which other regional cities became the wealthiest cities in the world during the Gold Rush era?

Hypothesis: Additionally, Melbourne along with the Victorian regional cities of Ballarat and Geelong became the wealthiest cities in the world during the Gold Rush era.


Premise: What conclusion do most of Hume's followers disagree with?

Hypothesis: According to an extreme empiricist theory known as phenomenalism, anticipated by the arguments of both Hume and George Berkeley, a physical object is a kind of construction out of our experiences.


Premise: What keeps the cultivator from rebirth in the four realms of existance?

Hypothesis: Keeping these precepts keeps the cultivator from rebirth in the four woeful realms of existence.


Premise: Who rejected the  2007 vote to overturn the motorsport ban in Switzerland?

Hypothesis: Motorsport racecourses and events were banned in Switzerland following the 1955 Le Mans disaster with exception to events such as Hillclimbing.


Premise: What is another name for Eisenhower Expressway?

Hypothesis: The Interstate Highway System is officially known as the 'Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways' in his honor.


Premise: What is the first Indian text to mention iron?

Hypothesis: The archaeological Painted Grey Ware culture, which flourished in the Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh regions of northern India from about 1100 to 600 BCE, is believed to correspond to the Kuru and Panchala kingdoms.


Premise: A predator must do what to the prey after it is killed?

Hypothesis: For example, some parasitic species prey on a host organism and then lay their eggs on it for their offspring to feed on it while it continues to live in or on its decaying corpse after it has died.


Premise: Along with Nelson Eddy, who starred in the Phantom of the Opera?

Hypothesis: The studio did not make use of the three-strip Technicolor process until Arabian Nights (1942), starring Jon Hall and Maria Montez.


Premise: The quick loss in value of paper money resulted in which phrase being hear?

Hypothesis: This was a primary reason for the "No state shall... make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts" clause in article 1, section 10 of the United States Constitution.


Premise: is the Fa cup sponsered?

Hypothesis: Emirates airline is the sponsor from 2015 to 2018, renaming the competition as 'The Emirates FA Cup', unlike previous editions, which included 'The FA Cup in association with E.ON' and 'The FA Cup with Budweiser'.


Premise: What was required of a LaserDisc to continue playback after 60 minutes?

Hypothesis: If the movie is longer than what could be stored on two sides of a single disc, manually swapping to a second disc is necessary at some point during the film.


Premise: What type of pain are first degree burns classified as causing?

Hypothesis: Examples of injuries that produce superficial somatic pain include minor wounds and minor (first degree) burns.


Premise: Who did Price think should see themselves as citizens of the world?

Hypothesis: Price argued that love of our country "does not imply any conviction of the superior value of it to other countries, or any particular preference of its laws and constitution of government".


Premise: Feynman did not like to be listed in anything that labeled people by what standard?

Hypothesis: He asked to not be included in Tina Levitan's The Laureates: Jewish Winners of the Nobel Prize, writing, "To select, for approbation the peculiar elements that come from some supposedly Jewish heredity is to open the door to all kinds of nonsense on racial theory," and adding "... at thirteen I was not only converted to other religious views, but I also stopped believing that the Jewish people are in any way 'the chosen people'."


Premise: When was 'Bridge of Spies' set?

Hypothesis: Bridge of Spies received positive reviews from critics, and was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture.


Premise: What material was used to make Somali cities?

Hypothesis: It involves multiple different construction types, such as stone cities, castles, citadels, fortresses, mosques, mausoleums, towers, tombs, tumuli, cairns, megaliths, menhirs, stelae, dolmens, stone circles, monuments, temples, enclosures, cisterns, aqueducts, and lighthouses.


Premise: What continent ranged over the majority of the southern hemisphere of earth in the Cambrian?

Hypothesis: The waters of the Cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shallow.


Premise: What location did John Lofting live near?

Hypothesis: Any Person that hath occasion for the said Engines may apply themselves to the Patentee at his house near St Thomas Apostle London or to Mr. Nicholas Wall at the Workshoppe near Saddlers Wells at Islington or to Mr. William Tillcar, Turner, his agent at his house in Woodtree next door to the Sun Tavern London."


Premise: What is the American Rule?

Hypothesis: U.S. courts pioneered the concept of the opt-out class action, by which the burden falls on class members to notify the court that they do not wish to be bound by the judgment, as opposed to opt-in class actions, where class members must join into the class.


Premise: Soft and bendable steel is caused by what?

Hypothesis: If the steel is cooled slowly, the iron will gradually change into its low temperature allotrope.


Premise: When did Manuel Oribe pass a decree establishing the Greater University of the Republic?

Hypothesis: On 27 May 1838, Manuel Oribe passed a decree establishing the Greater University of the Republic.


Premise: How many miles was the Olympic torch relayed?

Hypothesis: The relay, also called by the organizers as the "Journey of Harmony", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi


Premise: Who were the “intelligentia?”

Hypothesis: It was continued in May 1940 when Germany launched AB-Aktion, More than 16,000 members of the intelligentsia were murdered in Operation Tannenberg alone.


Premise: Describe the command of Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick.

Hypothesis: On the right was a column of about 15,000 men under the command of Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick.


Premise: What is a solar chimney made of?

Hypothesis: As the chimney warms, the air inside is heated causing an updraft that pulls air through the building.


Premise: These civic ideas allowed what to come into being?

Hypothesis: Architectural "style" developed in the form of the Classical orders.


Premise: RAM cache memory is slower than what?

Hypothesis: In more sophisticated computers there may be one or more RAM cache memories, which are slower than registers but faster than main memory.


Premise: Why was Nasser rejected from the Academy?

Hypothesis: Disappointed, he enrolled in the law school at King Fuad University, but quit after one semester to reapply to the Military Academy.


Premise: What other fields have shown more recent interest in Whitehead's work?

Hypothesis: However, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that Whitehead's thought drew much attention outside of a small group of philosophers and theologians, primarily Americans, and even today he is not considered especially influential outside of relatively specialized circles.


Premise: What was established in the Maccabean Revolt?

Hypothesis: With successive Persian rule, the region, divided between Syria-Coele province and later the autonomous Yehud Medinata, was gradually developing back into urban society, largely dominated by Judeans.


Premise: The areas that people live in typically receive what range of kWh/m2 per day?

Hypothesis: Most people around the world live in areas with insolation levels of 150 to 300 watts per square meter or 3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day.


Premise: Where is the "dish bell" kept?

Hypothesis: The two service bells and the 1320 bell, along with a fourth small silver "dish bell", kept in the refectory, have been noted as being of historical importance by the Church Buildings Council of the Church of England.


Premise: What is another expression for bilingual attitudes?

Hypothesis: In the Alicante province Catalan is being replaced by Spanish, and in Alghero by Italian.


Premise: What animal are European parties responsible for releasing in Bermuda?

Hypothesis: Subsequent Spanish or other European parties are believed to have released pigs there, which had become feral and abundant on the island by the time European settlement began.


Premise: During which years was the Portuguese Colonial War fought?

Hypothesis: In the 20th century, Portugal engaged in two major conflicts: World War I and the Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974).


Premise: What would offer the highest quality transfers of historic interest?

Hypothesis: However, for accurate transfer, professional archivists carefully choose the correct stylus shape and diameter, tracking weight, equalisation curve and other playback parameters and use high-quality analogue-to-digital converters.


Premise: This type of problem happens in any organization where the interests of the people who financially support it conflicts with what?

Hypothesis: A similar problem of corruption arises in any institution that depends on financial support from people who have interests that may conflict with the primary purpose of the institution.


Premise: Whose art is displayed at the large cathedral in Mexico City?

Hypothesis: This piece, in bronze, was the work of Manuel Tolsá and it has been placed at the Plaza Tolsá, in front of the Palacio de Minería (Mining Palace).


Premise: What is the only way that Y-DNA and mtDNA change?

Hypothesis: Neither recombines, and thus Y-DNA and mtDNA change only by chance mutation at each generation with no intermixture between parents' genetic material.


Premise: The "Seven Weeks War" was between which two countries?

Hypothesis: However, following the "Seven Weeks War" between Prussia and Austria four years earlier, it had been calculated that the French Army could field only 288,000 men to face the Prussian Army when perhaps 1,000,000 would be required.


Premise: What was the name of the ruler that they created?

Hypothesis: They designed a ruler—the Mohenjo-daro ruler—whose unit of length (approximately 1.32 inches or 3.4 centimetres) was divided into ten equal parts.


Premise: 54 vessels were built between what years?

Hypothesis: By the end of 1204 he had around 50 large galleys available; another 54 vessels were built between 1209 and 1212.


Premise: Who was Monroe's most influential follower?

Hypothesis: Monroe's most influential follower of the second generation is Frank Wakefield and nowadays Mike Compton of the Nashville Bluegrass Band and David Long, who often tour as a duet.


Premise: Rumors of Napoleon's return from what location were often used as an inspiration for his followers?

Hypothesis: There were also subversive activities celebrating anniversaries of Napoleon's life and reign and disrupting royal celebrations—they demonstrated the prevailing and successful goal of the varied supporters of Napoleon to constantly destabilize the Bourbon regime.


Premise: How are cliques defined?

Hypothesis: During early adolescence, adolescents often associate in cliques, exclusive, single-sex groups of peers with whom they are particularly close.


Premise: What is the term for Catalan Countries?

Hypothesis: Various interpretations of the term may include some or all of these regions.


Premise: Name the other type of adaptive immune system component?

Hypothesis: The latter is further divided into humoral (or antibody) and cell-mediated components.


Premise: What college was the forerunner for the engineering faculty at the University of Tokyo?

Hypothesis: See also the Imperial College of Engineering, which was the forerunner of the University of Tokyo's engineering faculty.


Premise: Which legislative work prohibited the use of racial preferences for admissions in the state of California?

Hypothesis: Sander helped to develop a socioeconomically-based affirmative action plan for the UCLA School of Law after the passage of Proposition 209 in 1996, which prohibited the use of racial preferences by public universities in California.


Premise: Other than football, what other sports are popular in Portugal?

Hypothesis: Other than football, many Portuguese sports clubs, including the "big three", compete in several other sports events with a varying level of success and popularity, these may include roller hockey, basketball, futsal, handball, and volleyball.


Premise: When were public schools become more and more developed?

Hypothesis: After the public school system was widely developed beginning in the 19th century, some parents found reasons to be discontented with the new system.


Premise: In Jorgic v. Germany, what about the German courts was later rejected by international courts hearing similar cases?

Hypothesis: On 12 July 2007, European Court of Human Rights when dismissing the appeal by Nikola Jorgić against his conviction for genocide by a German court (Jorgic v. Germany) noted that the German courts wider interpretation of genocide has since been rejected by international courts considering similar cases.


Premise: Where are the Suns based?

Hypothesis: Today, NBA teams almost always play each other in the preseason, but mainly at neutral sites within their market areas in order to allow those who can't usually make a trip to a home team's arena during the regular season to see a game close to home; for instance the Minnesota Timberwolves will play games in arenas in North Dakota and South Dakota, while the Phoenix Suns schedule one exhibition game outdoors at Indian Wells Tennis Garden in Indian Wells, California yearly, the only such instance an NBA game takes place in an outdoor venue.


Premise: According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, what was Montevideo's population?

Hypothesis: According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, Montevideo had a population of 1,325,968 persons, compared to Uruguay's total population of 3,241,003.


Premise: condensed study texts where created in what tradition?

Hypothesis: In the Theravada tradition, condensed 'study texts' were created that combined popular or influential scriptures into single volumes that could be studied by novice monks.


Premise: What is the name of the arboretum?

Hypothesis: The Raleigh Parks and Recreation Department offers a wide variety of leisure opportunities at more than 150 sites throughout the city, which include: 8,100 acres (33 km2) of park land, 78 miles (126 km) of greenway, 22 community centers, a BMX championship-caliber race track, 112 tennis courts among 25 locations, 5 public lakes, and 8 public aquatic facilities.


Premise: According to a misconception, what did the rise of Christianity destroy?

Hypothesis: Lindberg and Ronald Numbers, another scholar of the period, state that there "was scarcely a Christian scholar of the Middle Ages who did not acknowledge [Earth's] sphericity and even know its approximate circumference".


Premise: How many men were in Napoleon's army when the battle began?

Hypothesis: He failed to reduce the fortress of Acre, so he marched his army back to Egypt in May.


Premise: Most CIA stations had how many chiefs?

Hypothesis: The OPC was quite unique; Frank Wisner, the head of the OPC, answered not to the CIA Director, but to the secretaries of defense, state, and the NSC, and the OPC's actions were a secret even from the head of the CIA.


Premise: When did Hou Xian and Zhi Guang return to Nanjing?

Hypothesis: Traveling to Lhasa either through Qinghai or via the Silk Road to Khotan, Hou Xian and Zhi Guang did not return to Nanjing until 1407.


Premise: What 30 hour event raised more than a million dollars for charity in 2011?

Hypothesis: NCDC's work is to connect hundreds of student volunteers to some twenty volunteer sites in Evanston and Chicago throughout the year.


Premise: When was the satellite dish installed?

Hypothesis: A satellite ground station with a 7.6-metre (25 ft) satellite dish installed in 1989 at The Briars is the only international connection providing satellite links through Intelsat 707 to Ascension island and the United Kingdom.


Premise: Where did Britain's army attack in 1961?

Hypothesis: In January 1968, a few weeks after the devaluation of the pound, Prime Minister Harold Wilson and his Defence Secretary Denis Healey announced that British troops would be withdrawn from major military bases East of Suez, which included the ones in the Middle East, and primarily from Malaysia and Singapore.


Premise: How many Oklahomans speak only English at home, as of 2000?

Hypothesis: Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language in the state, with 141,060 speakers counted in 2000.


Premise: Whose envoy was slaughtered by Daurentius?

Hypothesis: The Avars asked the Slavs to accept the suzerainty of the Avars, he however declined and is reported as saying: "Others do not conquer our land, we conquer theirs –


Premise: Are essential properties of an antenna changed based on what fungtion they are performing

Hypothesis: Therefore, in discussions of antenna properties no distinction is usually made between receiving and transmitting terminology, and the antenna can be viewed as either transmitting or receiving, whichever is more convenient.


Premise: What type of poses did the book's illustrations portray dinosaurs as?

Hypothesis: The illustrations by the author show dinosaurs in very active poses, in contrast to the traditional perception of lethargy.


Premise: What is the largest Swiss Reformed church in Switzerland?

Hypothesis: Some of the most notable in the Old Town include the Cathedral which was started in 1421 and is the tallest cathedral in Switzerland, the Zytglogge and Käfigturm towers, which mark two successive expansions of the Old Town, and the Holy Ghost Church, which is one of the largest Swiss Reformed churches in Switzerland.


Premise: What Prince hosted the Colloquy of Marburg?

Hypothesis: The German Prince Philip of Hesse saw potential in creating an alliance between Zwingli and Luther.


Premise: During which time frame were most grandes ecoles relocated?

Hypothesis: Most of the grandes écoles were relocated to the suburbs of Paris in the 1960s and 1970s, in new campuses much larger than the old campuses within the crowded city of Paris, though the École Normale Supérieure has remained on rue d'Ulm in the 5th arrondissement.


Premise: When was the Philippine-American War fought?

Hypothesis: The Philippine–American War (1899–1902) was an armed conflict between a group of Filipino revolutionaries and the American forces following the ceding of the Philippines to the United States after the defeat of Spanish forces in the Battle of Manila.


Premise: From where does Burma receive most of its military artillery ?

Hypothesis: Myanmar imports most of its weapons from Russia, Ukraine, China and India.


Premise: What is Île Frégate in relation to St Barts?

Hypothesis: A much bigger islet, Île Fourchue, lies on the north of the island, in the Saint-Barthélemy Channel.


Premise: Mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda, and Vaisnava tantra will be effective if applied by who?

Hypothesis: The Mañjusrimulakalpa, which later came to classified under Kriyatantra, states that mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda and Vaisnava tantras will be effective if applied by Buddhists since they were all taught originally by Manjushri.


Premise: What genre of music are Nirvana and Soundgarden?

Hypothesis: The city is also home to such varied artists as avant-garde jazz musicians Bill Frisell and Wayne Horvitz, hot jazz musician Glenn Crytzer, hip hop artists Sir Mix-a-Lot, Macklemore, Blue Scholars, and Shabazz Palaces, smooth jazz saxophonist Kenny G, classic rock staples Heart and Queensrÿche, and alternative rock bands such as Foo Fighters, Harvey Danger, The Presidents of the United States of America, The Posies, Modest Mouse, Band of Horses, Death Cab for Cutie, and Fleet Foxes.


Premise: Which tributary of the Yangtze flows through central Sichuan?

Hypothesis: One of the major tributaries of the Yangtze within the province is the Min River of central Sichuan, which joins the Yangtze at Yibin.


Premise: How was early German culture developed?

Hypothesis: Early German national culture was developed through literary and religious figures including Martin Luther, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller.


Premise: Where was the capital of the Umayyad dynasty?

Hypothesis: Following this, Mu'awiyah broke the conditions of the agreement and began the Umayyad dynasty, with its capital in Damascus.


Premise: In the early Middle Ages, where could a traveler obtain overnight accommodations?

Hypothesis: A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel.


Premise: What do most Western languages use in their written form to add clarity?

Hypothesis: The Georgian alphabet is special since it used to be bicameral, but today is mostly used in a unicameral way.


Premise: What was the vertical average slip on the Guanxian-Anxian fault?

Hypothesis: In the area about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of the epicenter, the surface slip on Beichuan Fault was almost purely dextral strike-slip up to about 3 metres (9.8 ft), while the average slip in Guanxian–


Premise: Where was Ali Qushji from?

Hypothesis: Another example is Ali Qushji -an astronomer, mathematician and physicist originally from Samarkand- who became a professor in two madrasas, and influenced Ottoman circles as a result of his writings and the activities of his students, even though he only spent two or three years before his death in Istanbul.


Premise: What do the topics of the shows put on at the tablados typically relate to?

Hypothesis: During the celebration, theaters called tablados are built in many places throughout the cities, especially in Montevideo.


Premise: What was Spielberg's role on 'Batteries Not Included'?

Hypothesis: Reviewer Andrew Sarris called it the best film of the year and later included it among the best films of the decade.


Premise: During which century were important Buddhist notions translated to Chinese?

Hypothesis: Buddhism first entered China during the Eastern Han and was first mentioned in 65 AD.


Premise: What league are the NY Yankees in?

Hypothesis: The Bronx is the home of the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball.


Premise: Where is a 10-meter statue of Tito located?

Hypothesis: The court, however, explicitly made it clear that the purpose of the review was "not a verdict on Tito as a figure or on his concrete actions, as well as not a historical weighing of facts and circumstances".


Premise: Which company redesigned the rapid fire 2 cm FlaK 30?

Hypothesis: Rheinmetall in Germany developed an automatic 20 mm in the 1920s and Oerlikon in Switzerland had acquired the patent to an automatic 20 mm gun designed in Germany during World War I. Germany introduced the rapid-fire 2 cm FlaK 30 and later in the decade it was redesigned by Mauser-Werke and became the 2 cm FlaK 38.


Premise: Where did the single ancestral population of all the indigenous peoples of the Americas likely develop?

Hypothesis: The isolation of these peoples in Beringia might have lasted 10–20,000 years.


Premise: What was Def Leppard's second album called?

Hypothesis: Quiet Riot's album Metal Health (1983) was the first glam metal album, and arguably the first heavy metal album of any kind, to reach number one in the Billboard music charts and helped open the doors for mainstream success by subsequent bands.


Premise: WHat is Panentheism?

Hypothesis: Pantheism holds that God is the universe and the universe is God, whereas Panentheism holds that God contains, but is not identical to, the Universe.


Premise: What is Windows to Go?

Hypothesis: New features and functionality in Windows 8 include a faster startup through UEFI integration and the new "Hybrid Boot" mode (which hibernates the Windows kernel on shutdown to speed up the subsequent boot), a new lock screen with a clock and notifications, and the ability for enterprise users to create live USB versions of Windows (known as Windows To Go).


Premise: Who rejected the proposal due to poor word phrasing?

Hypothesis: The United Kingdom, France, and Austria united in proposing amendments to mollify the Sultan, but the court of St. Petersburg ignored their suggestions.:143 The UK and France then set aside the idea of continuing negotiations, but Austria and Prussia did not believe that the rejection of the proposed amendments justified the abandonment of the diplomatic process.


Premise: Alhazen stated that without tangible notions of distance and size for correlation, sight can tell us what about spatial perception?

Hypothesis: Without tangible notions of distance and size for correlation, sight can tell us next to nothing about such things."


Premise: In what medium does the Pourbaix diagram change when carbonate anions interact with uranium(VI)?

Hypothesis: This is because a U(VI) cation is able to bind two terminal oxides and three or more carbonates to form anionic complexes.


Premise: Who showed signs that he was considering resigning his position?

Hypothesis: Later that day, Gorbachev hinted for the first time that he was considering stepping down.


Premise: Who contributed to the idea that the mandolin was a fad?

Hypothesis: Travelling mandolin virtuosi like Giuseppe Pettine, Raffaele Calace and Silvio Ranieri contributed to the mandolin becoming a "fad" instrument in the early 20th century.


Premise: What is the name of the project for La Defense called that has not yet been started?

Hypothesis: They were scheduled for completion in 2019 or 2020, but as of January 2015 construction had not yet begun, and there were questions in the press about the future of the project.


Premise: What languages have terms for high mountains derived from alp?

Hypothesis: The term may be common to Italo-Celtic, because the Celtic languages have terms for high mountains derived from alp.


Premise: The treatment of Pygmies has been compared to the treatment of what?

Hypothesis: This law is the first of its kind in Africa, and its adoption is a historic development for indigenous peoples on the continent.


Premise: When were the surface-to-air missile systems introduced?

Hypothesis: The development of surface-to-air missiles began in Nazi Germany during the late World War II with missiles such as the Wasserfall, though no working system was deployed before the war's end, and represented new attempts to increase effectiveness of the anti-aircraft systems faced with growing threat from [bomber]s.


Premise: What publisher did Marvel first license its characters to for novelization?

Hypothesis: With few books issued under the imprint, Marvel and Disney Books Group relaunched Marvel Press in 2011 with the Marvel Origin Storybooks line.


Premise: Why is fluid in a manual pump pushed into the pumps cavity when a small sealed cavity is expanded?

Hypothesis: Inside the pump, a mechanism expands a small sealed cavity to create a vacuum.


Premise: As of what year were dial up, wireless , and satellite services available?

Hypothesis: As of 2009, dial up, wireless and satellite services were available.


Premise: Between 1941 and 1946, which left-wing British historian was Assistant Editor for The Times?

Hypothesis: In December 1944, when fighting broke out in Athens between the Greek Communist ELAS and the British Army, Carr in a Times editorial sided with the Communists, leading Winston Churchill to condemn him and that leader in a speech to the House of Commons.


Premise: What did closer groove spacing result in?

Hypothesis: Lower recorded volume used closer spacing; higher recorded volume used wider spacing, especially with lower frequencies.


Premise: What became associated with the celebration of Mary's inception in the womb ?

Hypothesis: Gregory's doctrines surrounding Mary's purification were likely related to the burgeoning commemoration of the Mother of God in and around Constantinople very close to the date of Christmas.


Premise: What is the function of Tyson Research Center?

Hypothesis: It is used by the University as a biological field station and research/education center.


Premise: Which sub-antarctic islands have glaciers?

Hypothesis: Glaciers are present on every continent and approximately fifty countries, excluding those (Australia, South Africa) that have glaciers only on distant subantarctic island territories.


Premise: When did Qing troops regain Nanjing?

Hypothesis: When Qing forces led by Zeng Guofan retook the city in 1864, a massive slaughter occurred in the city with over 100,000 estimated to have committed suicide or fought to the death.


Premise: Dissociating from the characteristics of significant others is a process of what?

Hypothesis: These others may be benign - such that one aspires to their characteristics, values and beliefs (a process of idealistic-identification), or malign - when one wishes to dissociate from their characteristics (a process of defensive contra-identification)


Premise: How big was the stake in Alstom taken by the French government as part of the acquisition deal?

Hypothesis: In April 2014, it was announced that GE was in talks to acquire the global power division of French engineering group Alstom for a figure of around $13 billion.


Premise: What did Victoria think of Albert at 17 years of age?

Hypothesis: He possesses every quality that could be desired to render me perfectly happy.


Premise: Which battle was the largest battle of the American Revolutionary war?

Hypothesis: The Battle of Long Island, the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War, was fought in August 1776 entirely within the modern-day borough of Brooklyn.


Premise: Originally, how many clubs did the Premier League have?

Hypothesis: The league held its first season in 1992–93 and was originally composed of 22 clubs.


Premise: What could we call some specimens with a high proportion of latewood that explains why they weigh less than specimens with much less latewood?

Hypothesis: In specimens that show a very large proportion of latewood it may be noticeably more porous and weigh considerably less than the latewood in pieces that contain but little.


Premise: What was a result of the Jewish Enlightenment?

Hypothesis: The result has been a growing trend of assimilation, as Jews marry non-Jewish spouses and stop participating in the Jewish community.


Premise: Wings from modified gills is from what origin?

Hypothesis: Other theories are based on a pleural origin.


Premise: The US involvement in the Korean War was important to achieving what goal?

Hypothesis: Truman and Acheson discussed a U.S. invasion response and agreed that the United States was obligated to act, paralleling the North Korean invasion with Adolf Hitler's aggressions in the 1930s, with the conclusion being that the mistake of appeasement must not be repeated.


Premise: What art gallery is a part of Southampton Solent University?

Hypothesis: The city's Bargate is also an art gallery run by the arts organisation "a space".


Premise: How did the new Iranian government handle the rebellions and uprisings following their rise to power?

Hypothesis: Over the next several years, these uprisings were subdued in a violent manner by the new Islamic government.


Premise: What Proto-Indo-European term means "skillful assembler?"

Hypothesis: The Middle Iranian ērān and aryān are oblique plural forms of gentilic ēr- (Middle Persian) and ary- (Parthian), both deriving from Proto-Iranian *arya- (meaning "Aryan," i.e., "of the Iranians"), argued to descend from Proto-Indo-European *ar-yo-, meaning "skillful assembler."


Premise: What branch are the majority of COATS members?

Hypothesis: The majority of members in COATS are officers of the Cadet Instructors Cadre (CIC) branch of the CAF.


Premise: Which book supposedly caused Augustus' sister to faint?

Hypothesis: Although the truth of this claim is subject to scholarly scepticism, it has served as a basis for later art, such as Jean-Baptiste Wicar's Virgil Reading the Aeneid.


Premise: What year did the Rugby Football Union form?

Hypothesis: Other English rugby clubs followed this lead and did not join the FA and instead in 1871 formed the Rugby Football Union.


Premise: What was the sole territory that the empire kept in the Balkans after 1913?

Hypothesis: After the Empire lost the Balkan Wars (1912–13), it lost all its Balkan territories except East Thrace (European Turkey).


Premise: What led to the defeat of the Prussians at Memel?

Hypothesis: However, after five days of artillery bombardment the Russian army was able to storm it.


Premise: Slavic-speaking tribes were part of what prior to becoming known to the Roman world?

Hypothesis: The Slavs emerged from obscurity when the westward movement of Germans in the 5th and 6th centuries CE (thought to be in conjunction with the movement of peoples from Siberia and Eastern Europe: Huns, and later Avars and Bulgars) started the great migration of the Slavs, who settled the lands abandoned by Germanic tribes fleeing the Huns and their allies: westward into the country between the Oder and the Elbe-Saale line; southward into Bohemia, Moravia, much of present-day Austria, the Pannonian plain and the Balkans; and northward along the upper Dnieper river.


Premise: What method was was used to obtain the measurement?

Hypothesis: The CODATA value quoted here is based on three watt-balance measurements of KJ2RK and one inter-laboratory determination of the molar volume of silicon, but is mostly determined by a 2007 watt-balance measurement made at the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).


Premise: What did Henry Hudson call the river that is now called the Hudson River?

Hypothesis: He proceeded to sail up what he named the North River, also called the Mauritis River, and now known as the Hudson River, to the site of the present-day New York State capital of Albany in the belief that it might represent an oceanic tributary.


Premise: Who was the designer responsible for the westernization of Digimon character design?

Hypothesis: Many further designs were created by Kenji Watanabe, who was brought in to help with the "X-Antibody" creatures and art for the Digimon collectible card game.


Premise: What architecture types does Windows 8 support?

Hypothesis: The three desktop editions of Windows 8 support 32-bit and 64-bit architectures; retail copies of Windows 8 include install DVDs for both architectures, while the online installer automatically installs the version corresponding with the architecture of the system's existing Windows installation.


Premise: How many people per square mile are there in Tucson?

Hypothesis: There were 209,609 housing units at an average density of 1,076.7 per square mile (415.7/km²).


Premise: Where is the Chapultepec Zoo located?

Hypothesis: Chapultepec Zoo is located in the first section of Chapultepec Park in the Miguel Hidalgo.


Premise: Where does Seattle rank in size of economy in 2010?

Hypothesis: The city's gross metropolitan product was $231 billion in 2010, making it the 11th largest metropolitan economy in the United States.


Premise: Where did "The Founders" go to school?

Hypothesis: Yale traces its beginnings to "An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School," passed by the General Court of the Colony of Connecticut on October 9, 1701, while meeting in New Haven.


Premise: In what year was Demarcus Sears convicted of kidnapping?

Hypothesis: " Sears was convicted in 1986 for the kidnapping and bodily injury of victim Gloria Ann Wilbur.


Premise: What year was a stagecoach bus line established in Montevideo?

Hypothesis: The statue of Peace, La Paz, was erected on a column in Plaza Cagancha and the building of the Postal Service as well as the bridge of Paso Molino were inaugurated in 1867.


Premise: What can be accounted for by a feedback between diversity and community structure complexity?

Hypothesis: The latter models imply that changes in diversity are guided by a first-order positive feedback (more ancestors, more descendants) and/or a negative feedback arising from resource limitation.


Premise: Samuel Rutherford used the principle of the rule of law to argue what point?

Hypothesis: The rule of law is the legal principle that law should govern a nation, as opposed to being governed by arbitrary decisions of individual government officials.


Premise: What language is Carduchi thought to have become?

Hypothesis: In addition to Old Persian and Avestan, which are the only directly attested Old Iranian languages, all Middle Iranian languages must have had a predecessor "Old Iranian" form of that language, and thus can all be said to have had an (at least hypothetical) "Old" form.


Premise: How many years may the isolation of the peoples in Beringia lasted?

Hypothesis: The isolation of these peoples in Beringia might have lasted 10–20,000 years.


Premise: When did secondary education emerge in the United States?

Hypothesis: Secondary education in the United States did not emerge until 1910, with the rise of large corporations and advancing technology in factories, which required skilled workers.


Premise: What group were the ancestors of the American Indians separated from?

Hypothesis: This view is shared by other researchers who argue that "the ancestors of the American Indians were the first to separate from the great Asian population in the Middle Paleolithic.


Premise: How many children are disabled?

Hypothesis: According to the state-run Xinhua news agency, the earthquake killed 5,335 students and left another 546 children disabled.


Premise: What is the average length of years of life for canines with long lifespans?

Hypothesis: The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged.


Premise: Who made a direct chartered cargo flight?

Hypothesis: A rescue team from the Red Cross in Taiwan was also scheduled to depart Taipei on a Mandarin Airlines direct chartered flight to Chengdu at 15:00 CST on May 16.


Premise: What will a treaty be if it is in violation of a peremptory norm?

Hypothesis: A treaty is null and void if it is in violation of a peremptory norm.


Premise: What is Hakobyan's career?

Hypothesis: The rug mentioned in the Kaptavan inscriptions is composed of three arches, "covered with vegatative ornaments", and bears an artistic resemblance to the illuminated manuscripts produced in Artsakh.


Premise: What feature does Southampton have plenty of that provides for water sports and yachting?

Hypothesis: From 1977 to 2001 the Whitbread Around the World Yacht Race, which is now known as the Volvo Ocean Race was based in Southampton's Ocean Village marina.


Premise: What are the two top types of NPOs?

Hypothesis: A further rebuttal might be that NPOs are constrained, by their choice of legal structure, from financial benefit as far as distribution of profit to its members/directors is concerned.


Premise: What is London's average high temperature in July?

Hypothesis: The effect of this can be seen below when comparing London Heathrow, 15 miles west of London, with the London Weather Centre, in the city centre.


Premise: When did Kerry earn a Silver Star?

Hypothesis: Eight days later, on February 28, 1969, came the events for which Kerry was awarded his Silver Star Medal.


Premise: How is hydrogen used in oxide materials?

Hypothesis: Hydrogen is employed to saturate broken ("dangling") bonds of amorphous silicon and amorphous carbon that helps stabilizing material properties.


Premise: What African group did Nasser help to form?

Hypothesis: During this period, Nasser made Egypt a refuge for anti-colonial leaders from several African countries and allowed the broadcast of anti-colonial propaganda from Cairo.


Premise: The Greek and Ottoman Navy fought in which waters?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, the makeshift Greek navy was achieving success against the Ottoman navy in the Aegean Sea and prevented Ottoman reinforcements from arriving by sea.


Premise: What document declares supreme power for the people?

Hypothesis: According to the Constitution of Estonia (Estonian: Põhiseadus) the supreme power of the state is vested in the people.


Premise: When can Min Nan texts be dated back to?

Hypothesis: Another is a Ming Dynasty script of a play called Romance of the Lychee Mirror (1566), supposedly the earliest Southern Min colloquial text.


Premise: Where was the only place the Olympic torch was carried in the Middle East?

Hypothesis: Sultanate of Oman: Muscat was the torch's only stop in the Middle East, on April 14.


Premise: When did Princess Margaret separate from her husband?

Hypothesis: In 1977, Elizabeth marked the Silver Jubilee of her accession.


Premise: What ecclesiastical privilege may elders employ?

Hypothesis: Ministerial servants—appointed in a similar manner to elders—fulfill clerical and attendant duties, but may also teach and conduct meetings.


Premise: What did youtube do on March 31 2010?

Hypothesis: On March 31, 2010, the YouTube website launched a new design, with the aim of simplifying the interface and increasing the time users spend on the site.


Premise: What type of coding sequences do prokaryotic genes typically have?

Hypothesis: Many prokaryotic genes are organized into operons, with multiple protein-coding sequences that are transcribed as a unit.


Premise: Where would Kerry have ranked among richest US presidents, adjusted for inflation?

Hypothesis: Forbes magazine (named for the Forbes family of publishers, unrelated to Kerry) estimated that if elected, and if Heinz family assets were included, Kerry would have been the third-richest U.S. President in history, when adjusted for inflation.


Premise: What year was the case Greenman v. Yuba Power products?

Hypothesis: The American Law Institute subsequently adopted a slightly different version of the Greenman rule in Section 402A of the Restatement (Second) of Torts, which was published in 1964 and was very influential throughout the United States.


Premise: What is the meaning of the Greek word "heos?"

Hypothesis: Other scholars contend that the Greek word heos (i.e., until) denotes a state up to a point, but does not mean that the state ended after that point, and that Matthew 1:25 does not confirm or deny the virginity of Mary after the birth of Jesus.


Premise: Did the 1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan change Melbourne into a more car-dominated or tram-dominated environment?

Hypothesis: To counter the trend towards low-density suburban residential growth, the government began a series of controversial public housing projects in the inner city by the Housing Commission of Victoria, which resulted in demolition of many neighbourhoods and a proliferation of high-rise towers.


Premise: Who conducted the Magdeburg experiment?

Hypothesis: In 1654, Otto von Guericke invented the first vacuum pump and conducted his famous Magdeburg hemispheres experiment, showing that teams of horses could not separate two hemispheres from which the air had been partially evacuated.


Premise: What was the lead single for the Dreamgirls soundtrack?

Hypothesis: To promote the film, Beyoncé released "Listen" as the lead single from the soundtrack album.


Premise: What department did Spielberg have an unpaid internship with?

Hypothesis: While still a student, he was offered a small unpaid intern job at Universal Studios with the editing department.


Premise: Where were the slaves brought?

Hypothesis: Other blacks slaves were transported to Crete, from where they or their descendants later reached the İzmir area through the population exchange between Greece and Turkey in 1923, or indirectly from Ayvalık in pursuit of work.


Premise: What league can compete?

Hypothesis: Entrants are not seeded, although a system of byes based on league level ensures higher ranked teams enter in later rounds - the minimum number of games needed to win the competition ranges from six to fourteen.


Premise: Why was the US military so small initially?

Hypothesis: A traditional distrust of standing armies, combined with faith in the abilities of local militia, precluded the development of well-trained units and a professional officer corps.


Premise: What did Emperor Wu do to negate the influence of private entrepreneurs?

Hypothesis: To eliminate the influence of such private entrepreneurs, Emperor Wu nationalized the salt and iron industries in 117 BC and allowed many of the former industrialists to become officials administering the monopolies.


Premise: Why didn't Gaddafi learn to speak English?

Hypothesis: Under Idris, Libya's armed forces were trained by the British military; this angered Gaddafi, who viewed the British as imperialists, and accordingly he refused to learn English and was rude to the British officers, ultimately failing his exams.


Premise: What year did Parliamentary co-operation between the Baltic Assembly and Nordic Council start?

Hypothesis: Parliamentary co-operation between the Baltic Assembly and Nordic Council began in 1989.


Premise: What is the central legislative body in India?

Hypothesis: While for Concurrent subjects, both center and state can make laws.


Premise: In what year did the Motion Picture Association of America introduce its rating system?

Hypothesis: – sometimes featuring nudity, sexual content, violence and/or strong profanity; the network also features rating bumpers prior to the start of a program (most programs on TCM, especially films, are rated for content using the TV Parental Guidelines, in lieu of the MPAA's rating system).


Premise: What document teaches that Jesus' brothers and sisters were older children of Joseph from a previous marriage?

Hypothesis: While the Orthodox Churches hold the position articulated in the Protoevangelium of James that Jesus' brothers and sisters are older children of Joseph the Betrothed, step-siblings from an earlier marriage that left him widowed, Roman Catholic teaching follows the Latin father Jerome in considering them Jesus' cousins.


Premise: Who else adopted this practice from Telnet?

Hypothesis: The File Transfer Protocol adopted the Telnet protocol, including use of the Network Virtual Terminal, for use when transmitting commands and transferring data in the default ASCII mode.


Premise: What do the letters identify in a bulb shape designation?

Hypothesis: The names of the shapes may be slightly different in some regions.


Premise: Along with being free and providing constant connectivity, what other feature does PS Network offer users?

Hypothesis: The network enables online gaming, the PlayStation Store, PlayStation Home and other services.


Premise: Which newspaper printed an op-ed piece that questioned Immelt's credibility as a spokesman on environmental policy?

Hypothesis: In May 2005, GE announced the launch of a program called "Ecomagination," intended, in the words of CEO Jeff Immelt "to develop tomorrow's solutions such as solar energy, hybrid locomotives, fuel cells, lower-emission aircraft engines, lighter and stronger durable materials, efficient lighting, and water purification technology".


Premise: Who built the western towers of the abbey?

Hypothesis: Purbeck marble was used for the walls and the floors of Westminster Abbey, even though the various tombstones are made of different types of marble.


Premise: What was the Scientific Revolution?

Hypothesis: The willingness to question previously held truths and search for new answers resulted in a period of major scientific advancements, now known as the Scientific Revolution.


Premise: When did Massamba-Debat lose power in the Congo?

Hypothesis: Massamba-Débat's regime also invited several hundred Cuban army troops into the country to train his party's militia units and these troops helped his government survive a coup in 1966 led by paratroopers loyal to future President Marien Ngouabi.


Premise: What usually played a larger role than laws regarding a person's race?

Hypothesis: Prior to the one-drop rule, different states had different laws regarding color.


Premise: What addition let people stop yelling into the telephone?

Hypothesis: In 1879, the Bell company acquired Edison's patents for the carbon microphone from Western Union.


Premise: When were images of new iPod colors leaked?

Hypothesis: Belgian website Belgium iPhone originally found the images when plugging in an iPod for the first time, and subsequent leaked photos were found by Pierre Dandumont.


Premise: How long did it take for Sevastopol to fall?

Hypothesis: Sevastopol fell after eleven months, and formerly neutral countries began to join the allied cause.


Premise: Who was eliminated while she was in the hospital due to chest pains?

Hypothesis: Christina Christian was hospitalized before the top six result show due to chest pains and palpitations, and she was eliminated while she was in the hospital.


Premise: What funding organization uses the IUCN's Classification of Direct Threats?

Hypothesis: Edward O. Wilson prefers the acronym HIPPO, standing for Habitat destruction, Invasive species, Pollution, human over-Population, and Over-harvesting.


Premise: What is the architectural style of the 1845 Egyptian Building?

Hypothesis: It is the second-oldest US statehouse in continuous use (after Maryland's) and was the first US government building built in the neo-classical style of architecture, setting the trend for other state houses and the federal government buildings (including the White House and The Capitol) in Washington, D.C.


Premise: What are the four categories for the most prolific dialects used in Burma ?

Hypothesis: Since many of them are known only within small tribes around the country, they may have been lost (many if not all) after a few generations.


Premise: What case is the grammatical object of a verb?

Hypothesis: Czech syntax has a subject–verb–object sentence structure.


Premise: Who did Victorias eldest daughter marry?

Hypothesis: They had been betrothed since September 1855, when Princess Victoria was 14 years old; the marriage was delayed by the Queen and Prince Albert until the bride was 17.


Premise: What are some of the negative things adolescents are susceptible to?

Hypothesis: This association conducts youth interventions that mutually assist both the needs of the community as well as psychologically stranded youth by focusing on risky and inappropriate behaviors while promoting positive self-development along with self-esteem among adolescents.


Premise: What is the highest tax bracket in Montana?

Hypothesis: The property's value is multiplied by a tax rate, set by the Montana Legislature, to determine its taxable value.


Premise: Paraffin wax is an example of what kind of storage media?

Hypothesis: Salts are an effective storage medium because they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems.


Premise: Sasha Fierce for Deréon fashions were sold at stores that included Macy's and what other store?

Hypothesis: On May 27, 2010, Beyoncé teamed up with clothing store C&A to launch Deréon by Beyoncé at their stores in Brazil.


Premise: What years did no important political changes happen during?

Hypothesis: The senate was supreme during this era because the era was dominated by questions of foreign and military policy.


Premise: Why was this a unique decision?

Hypothesis: At the time pay television was an almost untested proposition in the UK market, as was charging fans to watch live televised football.


Premise: What did Goring believe the Kriegsmarine would gain with further support?

Hypothesis: He was always reluctant to cooperate with Raeder.


Premise: What theory did Brahmagupta suggest in 628 AD?

Hypothesis: In 628 AD, Brahmagupta suggested that gravity was a force of attraction.


Premise: What event does Raymond E. Brown believe the Toledot Yeshu describes?

Hypothesis: The name Panthera may be a distortion of the term parthenos (virgin) and Raymond E. Brown considers the story of Panthera a fanciful explanation of the birth of Jesus which includes very little historical evidence.


Premise: Where does Rogers Cable has its provincial headquarters?

Hypothesis: Rogers Cable has its provincial headquarters in St. John's, and their community channel Rogers TV airs local shows such as Out of the Fog and One Chef One Critic.


Premise: eSATA does not supply power to what?

Hypothesis: Even though USB 3.0's 4.5 W is sometimes insufficient to power external hard drives, technology is advancing and external drives gradually need less power, diminishing the eSATA advantage.


Premise: Who's four squadrons shot down more enemy aircraft than any other type?

Hypothesis: The British were still one-third below the establishment of heavy anti-aircraft artillery AAA (or ack-ack) in May 1941, with only 2,631 weapons available.


Premise: Which band toured with Kid Rock?

Hypothesis: The band Sponge toured and produced music, with artists such as Kid Rock and Uncle Kracker.


Premise: What period in the 19th century were historians more inclined to draw on the judgements of the chroniclers?

Hypothesis: These historians were often inclined to see John's reign, and his signing of Magna Carta in particular, as a positive step in the constitutional development of England, despite the flaws of the king himself.


Premise: What does trusted communication in a family lead to?

Hypothesis: Family communication study also digs deep into certain time periods of family life such as marriage, parenthood or divorce and how communication stands in those situations.


Premise: When was rayon first made in France?

Hypothesis: The era of manufactured fibers began with the development of rayon in France in the 1890s.


Premise: For what annual New Haven art event, held in early October, is the Erector Square complex used?

Hypothesis: Artspace on Orange Street is one of several contemporary art galleries around the city, showcasing the work of local, national, and international artists.


Premise: Which society was Feynman elected to?

Hypothesis: After three years devoted to the task, he produced a series of lectures that eventually became The Feynman Lectures on Physics.


Premise: What percentage of Bermuda's residents are US citizens?

Hypothesis: The United States is Bermuda's largest trading partner (providing over 71% of total imports, 85% of tourist visitors, and an estimated $163 billion of US capital in the Bermuda insurance/re-insurance industry), and an estimated 5% of Bermuda residents are US citizens, representing 14% of all foreign-born persons.


Premise: Before Elizabeth's father who was next in line for the throne?

Hypothesis: If her parents had had a later son, she would have lost her position as first-in-line, as her brother would have been heir apparent and above her in the line of succession.


Premise: In which century did the Gupta Empire fall?

Hypothesis: After the downfall of the prior Gupta Empire in the middle of the 6th century, North India reverted to small republics and small monarchical states ruled by Gupta rulers.


Premise: Who was given the task of creating a dictionary in the Novi Sad Agreement?

Hypothesis: The evidence supporting this claim is patchy: Croatian linguist Stjepan Babić complained that the television transmission from Belgrade always used the Latin alphabet— which was true, but was not proof of unequal rights, but of frequency of use and prestige.


Premise: What school did the boys who defended the Queen with umbrellas attend?

Hypothesis: Victoria was outraged when he was found not guilty by reason of insanity, but was so pleased by the many expressions of loyalty after the attack that she said it was "worth being shot at—to see how much one is loved".


Premise: When did E.K. Gaylord's Oklahoma Publishing Compan buy WKY Radio?

Hypothesis: Oklahoma City was home to several pioneers in radio and television broadcasting.


Premise: What is the required education for males on Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: Required attendance at school is 10 years for males and 11 years for females (2001).


Premise: What is the mother of a litter referred as?

Hypothesis: The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam.


Premise: An activist in the Arab spring said they were using youtube to do what?

Hypothesis: YouTube has enabled people to more directly engage with government, such as in the CNN/YouTube presidential debates (2007) in which ordinary people submitted questions to U.S. presidential candidates via YouTube video, with a techPresident co-founder saying that Internet video was changing the political landscape.


Premise: What are Special Operations?

Hypothesis: Special operations are applicable across the ROMO.


Premise: The National Museum began in 1947 with a display of what type of art?

Hypothesis: On 15 August 1949, the National Museum was formally inaugurated and currently has 200,000 works of art, both of Indian and foreign origin, covering over 5,000 years.


Premise: Who holds the highest appointed Republican position in House?

Hypothesis: The current chief deputy majority whip is Republican Patrick McHenry.


Premise: What country is listed as a republic?

Hypothesis: In the past, the government had been highly centralized.


Premise: What function did the holes in the top and bottom of the tomb tiles enable them to do?

Hypothesis: Otherwise known as tomb tiles, these artifacts feature holes in the top and bottom of the tile allowing it to pivot.


Premise: Which King refused to sign an abortion decriminalization bill in 1990?

Hypothesis: The monarch promulgates the law, meaning that he or she formally orders that the law be officially published and executed.


Premise: Where is the Children's hospital located?

Hypothesis: Other medical facilities operated by OU Medicine include OU Physicians and OU Children's Physicians, the OU College of Medicine, the Oklahoma Cancer Center and OU Medical Center Edmond, the latter being located in the northern suburb of Edmond.


Premise: What was re instated to the Easter liturgy by reform?

Hypothesis: The Second Vatican Council made no changes to the Roman Missal, but in the document Sacrosanctum Concilium mandated that a general revision of it take place.


Premise: Who was O.W. Wilson a student of?

Hypothesis: In the United States, August Vollmer introduced other reforms, including education requirements for police officers.


Premise: What was Kanye convicted for after his paparazzi attack?

Hypothesis: However, the charges were reduced to misdemeanor criminal battery and attempted grand theft.


Premise: Bermuda is located in what ocean?

Hypothesis: The islands lie due east of Fripp Island, South Carolina, west of Portugal and north of Puerto Rico.


Premise: What is federalism in the United States?

Hypothesis: In "Federalist No. 46," James Madison asserted that the states and national government "are in fact but different agents and trustees of the people, constituted with different powers."


Premise: What is the probably location in Eritrea where three tectonic plates are pulling away from each other?

Hypothesis: To the east of the highlands are the hot, arid coastal plains stretching down to the southeast of the country.


Premise: What did 'samurai' mean at first?

Hypothesis: The term samurai originally meant "those who serve in close attendance to nobility", and was written with a Chinese character (or kanji) that had the same meaning.


Premise: When had Nigeria not had a reported polio case in 6 months for the first time?

Hypothesis: Nigeria became the second African country to have successfully carried out this surgery.


Premise: Between which years did most of the MP3 patents in the US expire?

Hypothesis: The majority of MP3 patents expired in the US between 2007 and 2015.


Premise: What are these test (level testing) typically grouped by?

Hypothesis: Other test levels are classified by the testing objective.


Premise: What percent of Baptists are there in Raleigh?

Hypothesis: The predominant religion in Raleigh is Christianity, with the largest numbers of adherents being Roman Catholic (11.3%), Baptist (10.85%), and Methodist (7.08%).


Premise: How many Dominican nunneries were there by 1358?

Hypothesis: Many of the German religious houses that lodged women had been home to communities of women, such as Beguines, that became Dominican once they were taught by the traveling preachers and put under the jurisdiction of the Dominican authoritative structure.


Premise: .What was the title of Silius Italicus' epic in which Virgil was referenced in almost every line?

Hypothesis: The Augustan poet Ovid parodies the opening lines of the Aeneid in Amores 1.1.1–2, and his summary of the Aeneas story in Book 14 of the Metamorphoses, the so-called "mini-Aeneid", has been viewed as a particularly important example of post-Virgilian response to the epic genre.


Premise: In addition to terminating the treaty itself, what actions by the other parties might result from one party materially violating or beaching its obligations?

Hypothesis: If a party has materially violated or breached its treaty obligations, the other parties may invoke this breach as grounds for temporarily suspending their obligations to that party under the treaty.


Premise: Which contestant drew attention because he was a former stripper?

Hypothesis: Contestant David Hernandez also attracted some attention due to his past employment as a stripper.


Premise: In the field that Stuart was working, what did he and his colleagues often concentrate on?

Hypothesis: In this field researchers often concentrate on how particular phenomena relate to matters of ideology, nationality, ethnicity, social class, and/or gender.[citation needed]


Premise: What type of monkey is only found in parts of Nigeria and Cameroon?

Hypothesis: It is habitat for the drill monkey, which is found in the wild only in this area and across the border in Cameroon.


Premise: When did Armenia become a part of the World Trade Organization?

Hypothesis: Being a growing democratic state, Armenia also hopes to get more financial aid from the Western World.


Premise: In what geographical region of the United States is New York City located?

Hypothesis: New York City is situated in the Northeastern United States, in southeastern New York State, approximately halfway between Washington, D.C. and Boston.


Premise: What releases sperm from annelids?

Hypothesis: It is thought that annelids were originally animals with two separate sexes, which released ova and sperm into the water via their nephridia.


Premise: Who wanted the British to keep using machine guns in World War I?

Hypothesis: The army was forbidden from considering anything larger than .50-inch.


Premise: Where was Sir Peter Maxwell Davies born?

Hypothesis: The Royal Manchester College of Music was founded in 1893 to provide a northern counterpart to the London musical colleges.


Premise: Which University did research of cultural studies take place under CCCS?

Hypothesis: The British version of cultural studies had originated in the 1950s and 1960s, mainly under the influence first of Richard Hoggart, E. P. Thompson, and Raymond Williams, and later that of Stuart Hall and others at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham.


Premise: How did the Prussians slow the advance of the Russians?

Hypothesis: Deprived of men, the Prussians had to resort to this new sort of warfare, raiding, to delay the advance of their enemies.


Premise: Which nicknames were used to form the conservative and liberal elements?

Hypothesis: This was promptly stopped with the aid of informers, and more strenuous measures were taken against the conservatives.


Premise: What happens in a chennel transupport system?

Hypothesis: It is a simple system, which consists of only three protein subunits: the ABC protein, membrane fusion protein (MFP), and outer membrane protein (OMP)[specify].


Premise: Which empire ravished the Chengdu region with constant warfare and economic distress?

Hypothesis: The region was torn by constant warfare and economic distress as it was besieged by the Tibetan Empire.


Premise: In what year was yellow uranium oxide glass discovered?

Hypothesis: The use of uranium in its natural oxide form dates back to at least the year 79 CE, when it was used to add a yellow color to ceramic glazes.


Premise: When did the Kefauver-Harris Amendment become a law?

Hypothesis: The thalidomide tragedy resurrected Kefauver's bill to enhance drug regulation that had stalled in Congress, and the Kefauver-Harris Amendment became law on 10 October 1962.


Premise: How many moons does Neptune have?

Hypothesis: Unlike all other large planetary moons in the Solar System, Triton has a retrograde orbit, indicating that it was captured rather than forming in place; it was probably once a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt.