Premise: What was the name of Universal's German production unit?

Hypothesis: In the U.S., Universal Pictures did not distribute any of this subsidiary's films, but at least some of them were exhibited through other, independent, foreign-language film distributors based in New York, without benefit of English subtitles.


Premise: How many clubs are on the island?

Hypothesis: They previously beat The Bahamas and Mexico to take the crown.


Premise: The Free Hanseatic City of Bremen includes which cities?

Hypothesis: Since today's Germany was formed from an earlier collection of several states, it has a federal constitution, and the constituent states retain a measure of sovereignty.


Premise: What personal effect did Lee give to Peck?

Hypothesis: Lee and Peck shared a friendship long after the movie was made.


Premise: Prussia retained most of Alsace-Lorraine up until what event?

Hypothesis: The Franco-Prussian War was a conflict between France and Prussia, while Prussia was backed up by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and Bavaria.


Premise: Who helped Bell investigate hydrofoils in 1908?

Hypothesis: This led him and Bell to the development of practical hydrofoil watercraft.


Premise: What were the pillboxes and bunkers connected by?

Hypothesis: Their pillboxes and bunkers were all connected so that if one was knocked out, it could be reoccupied again.


Premise: What was the location of the beginning of the Olympic torch route in Australia?

Hypothesis: The event was held in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory on April 24, and covered around 16 km of Canberra's central areas, from Reconciliation Place to Commonwealth Park.


Premise: When did many of the ideas that make up western classical music take shape?

Hypothesis: It began with the Baroque era, running from roughly 1600 to the middle of the 18th century.


Premise: How many baptisms were there in 1974?

Hypothesis: The number of baptisms increased significantly, from about 59,000 in 1966 to more than 297,000 in 1974.


Premise: The geocentric model is similar to what other model?

Hypothesis: Al-Battani also improved the precision of the measurement of the precession of the Earth's axis.


Premise: How many grams were in the livre du roi?

Hypothesis: Napoleon's rule greatly aided adoption of the new standard not only across France but also across the French sphere of influence.


Premise: What year was his report from?

Hypothesis: A 1913 report by Sir Baldwin Spencer states that:


Premise: Instead of genetic traits for production, dogs are bred for what?

Hypothesis: Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors.


Premise: Where is the biggest Buddha statue in Europe?

Hypothesis: The Pagode de Vincennes Buddhist temple, near Lake Daumesnil in the Bois de Vincennes, is the former Cameroon pavilion from the 1931 Paris Colonial Exposition.


Premise: How old are the Athabasca deposits?

Hypothesis: Isotopic studies attribute the oil deposits to be about 110 million years old.


Premise: What did Renaissance Humanism emphasize?

Hypothesis: In Renaissance Europe, from about 1400 onwards, there was a revival of Classical learning accompanied by the development of Renaissance Humanism which placed greater emphasis on the role of the individual in society than had been the case during the Medieval period.


Premise: What is the name of the dog in Philippine mythology who is responsible for lightning?

Hypothesis: In Philippine mythology, Kimat who is the pet of Tadaklan, god of thunder, is responsible for lightning.


Premise: When did academic schooling begin in the Roman Republic?

Hypothesis: They began physical training to prepare the boys to grow as Roman citizens and for eventual recruitment into the army.


Premise: In 2012-3, what number of people saw a show on Broadway?

Hypothesis: Forty of the city's theaters, with more than 500 seats each, are collectively known as Broadway, after the major thoroughfare that crosses the Times Square Theater District, sometimes referred to as "The Great White Way".


Premise: In New Zealand, what were important browsers, as the kereru and kokako are today?

Hypothesis: For example, in New Zealand the moas were important browsers, as are the kereru and kokako today.


Premise: How many times has the Everton FC entered the UK pop charts?

Hypothesis: When the club next reached the 2009 FA Cup Final, the tradition had passed into history and no song was released.


Premise: Among television markets in Florida, where dies Miami rank?

Hypothesis: Miami has one of the largest television markets in the nation and the second largest in the state of Florida.


Premise: In Syria and Egypt, other than early Christians, who influenced their mosaic work?

Hypothesis: During the Umayyad Dynasty mosaic making remained a flourishing art form in Islamic culture and it is continued in the art of zellige and azulejo in various parts of the Arab world, although tile was to become the main Islamic form of wall decoration.


Premise: What do neurotransmitters attach to?

Hypothesis: Thus, a neuron can be characterized by the neurotransmitters that it releases.


Premise: What Greek volleyball club is the most successful in the country?

Hypothesis: The Greek league, the A1 Ethniki, is considered one of the top volleyball leagues in Europe and the Greek clubs have made significant success in European competitions.


Premise: What is the abbreviation of CTN?

Hypothesis: Community Television Network (CTN) is a city-provided cable television channel with production facilities open to city residents and nonprofit organizations.


Premise: An app produced with the iPhone SDK can only run on what devices?

Hypothesis: Apps produced with the iPhone SDK are compatible only with the iOS on the iPod Touch and iPhone, which cannot run clickwheel-based games.


Premise: What is the term for ice that protrude's from a glacier's surface?

Hypothesis: Only nunataks protrude from their surfaces.


Premise: What further ideas for public transportation is the city currently considering?

Hypothesis: The New Haven Division buses follow routes that had originally been covered by trolley service.


Premise: What Douglas Cooper call Picasso's 1909 Cubist sculpture?

Hypothesis: Cubist sculpture developed in parallel to Cubist painting.


Premise: What does Alfranj mean?

Hypothesis: However, Salibi is a modern term; historically, Muslim writers described European Christian Crusaders as al-Faranj or Alfranj (الفرنج) and Firinjīyah (الفرنجيّة) in Arabic" This word comes from the Franks and can be seen in the Arab history text Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh by Ali ibn al-Athir.


Premise: How many libel writs did The Sun get for their coverage of Elton John?

Hypothesis: The inaccurate story about his dogs, actually Alsatians, put pressure on The Sun, and John received £1 million in an out of court settlement, then the largest damages payment in British history.


Premise: What was the name of the Channel the Luftwaffe bomb to try to gain air superiority?

Hypothesis: This involved the bombing of English Channel convoys, ports, and RAF airfields and supporting industries.


Premise: How many barrels did the mitrailleuse feature?

Hypothesis: The French also had an early machine-gun type weapon, the mitrailleuse, which could fire its thirty-seven barrels at a range of around 1,200 yd (1,100 m).


Premise: When was Donkey Kong Country released?

Hypothesis: In November 1994, Rare released Donkey Kong Country, a platform game featuring 3D models and textures pre-rendered on SGI workstations.


Premise: What is the common name for shapes and forms of bacteria?

Hypothesis: Bacteria display a wide diversity of shapes and sizes, called morphologies.


Premise: What is one reason for the decline in growth around the world in 2009?

Hypothesis: "The US economy has been spending too much and borrowing too much for years and the rest of the world depended on the U.S. consumer as a source of global demand."


Premise: What is the pronunciation of the Irish "r" called?

Hypothesis: English spoken in Cork has a number of dialect words that are peculiar to the city and environs.


Premise: South America was formerly which continent?

Hypothesis: As the Atlantic Ocean widened, the convergent-margin orogenies that had begun during the Jurassic continued in the North American Cordillera, as the Nevadan orogeny was followed by the Sevier and Laramide orogenies.


Premise: What is a potential problem with the use of gas in a light bulb?

Hypothesis: It however introduces heat losses (and therefore efficiency loss) from the filament, by heat conduction and heat convection.


Premise: When the body no longer needs the amino acids that are present, through which excretion are they lost?

Hypothesis: About twenty amino acids are found in the human body, and about ten of these are essential and, therefore, must be included in the diet.


Premise: Where did Houston rank for job creation in 2013?

Hypothesis: In 2013, Houston was identified as the #1 U.S. city for job creation by the U.S. Bureau of Statistics after it was not only the first major city to regain all the jobs lost in the preceding economic downturn, but after the crash, more than two jobs were added for every one lost.


Premise: when was the internet developed?

Hypothesis: By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet.


Premise: Who coined the term prime minister?

Hypothesis: Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers.


Premise: What does each state posess?

Hypothesis: State laws have dramatically diverged in the centuries since independence, to the extent that the United States cannot be regarded as one legal system as to the majority of types of law traditionally under state control, but must be regarded as 50 separate systems of tort law, family law, property law, contract law, criminal law, and so on.


Premise: What month typically marks the end of summer on Cyprus?

Hypothesis: Generally, summers last about eight months, beginning in April with average temperatures of 21–23 °C (70–73 °F) during the day and 11–13 °C (52–55 °F) at night, and ending in November with average temperatures of 22–23 °C (72–73 °F) during the day and 12–14 °C (54–57 °F) at night, although in the remaining four months temperatures sometimes exceed 20 °C (68 °F).


Premise: Which dynasty outlawed opium trade?

Hypothesis: From its base in India, the Company had also been engaged in an increasingly profitable opium export trade to China since the 1730s.


Premise: WHen did the Piast dynasty appear?

Hypothesis: The prior social structure was one of Polish tribes united into the historic Polish nation under a state ruled by the Piast dynasty, this dynasty appearing circa 850 A.D.


Premise: What is the understanding of the scales used?

Hypothesis: However, it is difficult to determine an individual's sexual orientation through scales of assessment, due to ambiguity regarding the definition of sexual orientation.


Premise: Immunology is the study of what type of responses to antibodies and antigens?

Hypothesis: Immunology rests on an understanding of the properties of these two biological entities and the cellular response to both.


Premise: Where was the main focus of Pan-Slavism?

Hypothesis: The main focus was in the Balkans where the South Slavs had been ruled for centuries by other empires: the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice.


Premise: What is another name for Ottoman Armenia?

Hypothesis: Because the new borders of Armenia were to be drawn by United States President Woodrow Wilson, Ottoman Armenia was also referred to as "Wilsonian Armenia."


Premise: What does 65Zn produce?

Hypothesis: Such a weapon is not known to have ever been built, tested, or used.


Premise: What type of ships are particularly well defended?

Hypothesis: Some vessels like Aegis cruisers are as much a threat to aircraft as any land-based air defence system.


Premise: What year was the single "Hey Hey! Holy Mackerel! (The Cubs Song)" produced?

Hypothesis: During the summer of 1969, a Chicago studio group produced a single record called "Hey Hey! Holy Mackerel!


Premise: In which place did England finish in the UEFA European Football Championship in 1968?

Hypothesis: England hosted Euro 96 and have appeared in eight UEFA European Championship Finals tournaments, tied for ninth-best.


Premise: Does adolescent participation in family work and routines have a positive or negative influence on feelings of self-worth, care, and concern for others?

Hypothesis: The lifestyle of an adolescent in a given culture is profoundly shaped by the roles and responsibilities he or she is expected to assume.


Premise: What does the bird leave on the walls of the cage?

Hypothesis: Other approaches used in pigeon homing studies make use of the direction in which the bird vanishes on the horizon.


Premise: What is an example of a mutually beneficial process indicating the coevolution of plants and insects?

Hypothesis: Conversely, some interactions between plants and insects, like pollination, are beneficial to both organisms.


Premise: When did comic strips start appearing in hardback collection volumes?

Hypothesis: By the 1930s, comic strips were serialized in large-circulation monthly girls' and boys' magazine and collected into hardback volumes.


Premise: What Czech word did the English "robot" derive from?

Hypothesis: During the nineteenth century, words with Greek and Latin roots were rejected in favor of those based on older Czech words and common Slavic roots; "music" is muzyka in Polish and музыка (muzyka) in Russian, but in Czech it is hudba.


Premise: Who formulated the classifications of strategic manipulator, pastiche personality and the relational self?

Hypothesis: Kenneth Gergen formulated additional classifications, which include the strategic manipulator, the pastiche personality, and the relational self.


Premise: At the time what was the population of New Haven Harbor?

Hypothesis: On July 5, 1779, 2,600 loyalists and British regulars under General William Tryon, governor of New York, landed in New Haven Harbor and raided the 3,500-person town.


Premise: What cities were destroyed by atom bombs?

Hypothesis: The war culminated in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and other large aerial bomb attacks by the United States Army Air Forces, accompanied by the Soviet invasion of Manchuria on 8 August 1945, resulting in the Japanese announcement of intent to surrender on 15 August 1945.


Premise: How many 3 star Michelin restaurants were in France in 2015?

Hypothesis: In 2015, of the 29 Michelin three-star restaurants in France, nine are located in Paris.


Premise: What is it called when a changing electric field existing between the conductive plates of a capacitor physically moves them?

Hypothesis: This can generate audible sound, but drains energy and stresses the dielectric and the electrolyte, if any.


Premise: In 1984, what was Margaret Thatcher's position within the British government?

Hypothesis: Hayek had hoped to receive a baronetcy, and after he was awarded the CH he sent a letter to his friends requesting that he be called the English version of Friedrich (Frederick) from now on.


Premise: Along with J. R. R. Tolkien, who was a noted member of the Inklings?

Hypothesis: The Eagle and Child and the Lamb and Flag, Oxford, were regular meeting places of the Inklings, a writers' group which included J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis.


Premise: Why does John Cobb believe China has become interested in process philosophy?

Hypothesis: To date, the Chinese government has encouraged the building of twenty-three university-based centers for the study of Whitehead's philosophy, and books by process philosophers John Cobb and David Ray Griffin are becoming required reading for Chinese graduate students.


Premise: How many Oscar nominations did 'Munich' get?

Hypothesis: The film received strong critical praise, but underperformed at the U.S. and world box-office; it remains one of Spielberg's most controversial films to date.


Premise: Who runs Plymouth's railroad station?

Hypothesis: Plymouth railway station, which opened in 1877, is managed by Great Western Railway and also sees trains on the CrossCountry network.


Premise: What was the title of the anti-drug music video Schwarzenegger appeared in under the Reagan administration's sponsorship?

Hypothesis: He first came to wide public notice as a Republican during the 1988 presidential election, accompanying then-Vice President George H.W. Bush at a campaign rally.


Premise: The Cryptologic Spectrum also notes whose impressions of Tito's Russian origins?

Hypothesis: The report also notes Draža Mihailović's impressions of Tito's Russian origins.


Premise: What artist painted the Queen and Brown which hung in the Royal Academy?

Hypothesis: A painting by Sir Edwin Henry Landseer depicting the Queen with Brown was exhibited at the Royal Academy, and Victoria published a book, Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands, which featured Brown prominently and in which the Queen praised him highly.


Premise: How many Georgians speak Russian natively?

Hypothesis: According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 130,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 1.7 million active speakers.


Premise: What is Raleigh's daily newspaper?

Hypothesis: It remains Raleigh's primary daily newspaper.


Premise: Buying Somtal Network allowed Dahabshiil to expand into what type of banking?

Hypothesis: The cooperative deal will see the firms establish the Somali Telecommunication Company (STC), which will allow their mobile clients to communicate across the three networks.


Premise: Who did Frazer eventually lose to in 1983?

Hypothesis: Fraser won further substantial majorities at the 1977 and 1980 elections, before losing to the Bob Hawke led Australian Labor Party in the 1983 election.


Premise: When did Christopher Columbus sail to the Bahamas?

Hypothesis: When Vasco da Gama bypassed Ottoman controlled routes and established direct trade links with India in 1498, and Christopher Columbus first journeyed to the Bahamas in 1492, the Ottoman Empire was at its zenith.


Premise: What did kef help do?

Hypothesis: Armenians kept to their traditions and certain diasporans rose to fame with their music.


Premise: What is the Michigan Stadium called colloquially?

Hypothesis: The stadium is colloquially known as "The Big House".


Premise: What is the name of the world's 12 largest metro system by length?

Hypothesis: The Delhi Metro is a rapid transit system serving New Delhi, Delhi, Gurgaon, Faridabad, Noida, and Ghaziabad in the National Capital Region of India.


Premise: What is the mother church of the Angican Communion?

Hypothesis: Thus unlike the Protestant churches at large, the Anglican Communion (which includes the Episcopal Church in the United States) includes segments which still retain some veneration of Mary.


Premise: On what coast of Costa Rica is Limón Creole English spoken?

Hypothesis: This creole is spoken in the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica (Central America) by descendant of Jamaican people.


Premise: What leader assumed a more prominent position due to Nasser's difficulites?

Hypothesis: His supporters claimed Nasser's move was meant to buy time to prepare for another confrontation with Israel, while his detractors believed his acceptance of the resolution signaled a waning interest in Palestinian independence.


Premise: Twilight Princess uses the control setup first employed in which previous game?

Hypothesis: It uses the basic control scheme introduced in Ocarina of Time, including context-sensitive action buttons and L-targeting (Z-targeting on the Wii), a system that allows the player to keep Link's view focused on an enemy or important object while moving and attacking.


Premise: Other than sugar and fiber, what else are carbohydrates consisted of?

Hypothesis: Animal tissue contains chemical compounds, such as water, carbohydrates (sugar, starch, and fiber), amino acids (in proteins), fatty acids (in lipids), and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).


Premise: How are the human rights in the CAR?

Hypothesis: The 2009 Human Rights Report by the United States Department of State noted that human rights in CAR were poor and expressed concerns over numerous government abuses.


Premise: It is common for airports to provide moving walkways and what?

Hypothesis: It is common for airports to provide moving walkways and buses.


Premise: What has the Supreme Court ruled about ceremonial deism?

Hypothesis: In God We Trust" has been challenged as a violation, but the Supreme Court has ruled that ceremonial deism is not religious in nature.


Premise: Who won the Franco-Prussian War?

Hypothesis: In 1870, after France attacked Prussia, Prussia and its new allies in Southern Germany (among them Bavaria) were victorious in the Franco-Prussian War.


Premise: What office administers the Electoral College?

Hypothesis: It also administers the Electoral College.


Premise: What do you call  government officials using power for illicit private gain?

Hypothesis: An illegal act by an officeholder constitutes political corruption only if the act is directly related to their official duties, is done under color of law or involves trading in influence.


Premise: 355 copper alloys have been proven to kill what percentage of bacteria?

Hypothesis: Copper doorknobs are used by hospitals to reduce the transfer of disease, and Legionnaires' disease is suppressed by copper tubing in plumbing systems.


Premise: How many Japanese ships were sunk in 1942 by United States submarines?

Hypothesis: By 1945, sinkings of Japanese vessels had decreased because so few targets dared to venture out on the high seas.


Premise: What are the characteristics of asthma?

Hypothesis: Some people with asthma rarely experience symptoms, usually in response to triggers, whereas others may have marked and persistent symptoms.


Premise: What proliferated in the last three decades of the 19th century?

Hypothesis: During the last three decades of the 19th century a proliferation of anthropological societies and associations occurred, most independent, most publishing their own journals, and all international in membership and association.


Premise: What is the pub with the longest name in the UK?

Hypothesis: The town of Stalybridge in Cheshire is thought to have the pubs with both the longest and shortest names in the United Kingdom —


Premise: When was Madonna's first concert tour in North America?

Hypothesis: She referred to these events at the 1985 outdoor Live Aid charity concert, saying that she would not take her jacket off because "[the media] might hold it against me ten years from now."


Premise: Along with Nepali, what is Kathmandu's main language?

Hypothesis: More recently, other hill ethnic groups and Caste groups from Terai have come to represent a substantial proportion of the city's population.


Premise: How did international law originally respond to treaty reservations?

Hypothesis: Originally, international law was unaccepting of treaty reservations, rejecting them unless all parties to the treaty accepted the same reservations.


Premise: What does pieta mean?

Hypothesis: Mary is also depicted as being present among the women at the crucifixion during the crucifixion standing near "the disciple whom Jesus loved" along with Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene,[Jn 19:25-26] to which list Matthew 27:56 adds "the mother of the sons of Zebedee", presumably the Salome mentioned in Mark 15:40.


Premise: What led to Swazi budget cuts?

Hypothesis: A combination of declining revenues and increased spending led to significant budget deficits.


Premise: How did Top 40 radio what ifmusic change during this era?

Hypothesis: The Hot 100 and Easy Listening charts became more similar again toward the end of the 1960s and into the early and mid-1970s, when the texture of much of the music played on Top 40 radio once more began to soften.


Premise: What did she endorse on March 26, 2013?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé uploaded pictures of her paper ballot on Tumblr, confirming she had voted in support for the Democratic Party and to encourage others to do so.


Premise: Which has a longer playing time: PAL LaserDiscs or NTSC discs?

Hypothesis: PAL discs only have two audio tracks, consisting of either two analog-only tracks on older PAL LDs, or two digital-only tracks on newer discs.


Premise: The decline of gross domestic product also caused a decline in innovation, evidenced by the flat-lining of what?

Hypothesis: With the decline of gross domestic product came the decline in innovation.


Premise: Where is Tlatelolco located?

Hypothesis: UNAM's main campus, also in the southern part of the city, is home to the Centro Cultural Universitario (the University Culture Center)


Premise: When did Bertrand Russell die?

Hypothesis: They saw in the logical symbolism elaborated by Frege (1848–1925) and Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) a powerful instrument that could rationally reconstruct all scientific discourse into an ideal, logically perfect, language that would be free of the ambiguities and deformations of natural language.


Premise: Which three Western European countries have a lower Social Progress ranking than Portugal?

Hypothesis: It is a member of numerous international organizations, including the United Nations, the European Union, the Eurozone, OECD, NATO and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries.


Premise: What did 2012 Olympic spectators vote Eton Dorney to be?

Hypothesis: Access to the 400-acre parkland around the Lake is provided to members of the public, free of charge, almost all the year round.


Premise: Rock and pop musicians may have degrees in what type of music?

Hypothesis: Many rock and pop musicians have completed degrees in commercial music programs such as those offered by the Berklee College of Music and many jazz musicians have completed degrees in music from universities with jazz programs, such as the Manhattan School of Music and McGill University.


Premise: Where was the first solar thermal power plant built?

Hypothesis: Although the outbreak of World War I and the discovery of cheap oil in the 1930s discouraged the advancement of solar energy, Shuman’s vision and basic design were resurrected in the 1970s with a new wave of interest in solar thermal energy.


Premise: After the coup, when were presidential elections held?

Hypothesis: Ialá returned as the candidate for the PRS, claiming to be the legitimate president of the country, but the election was won by former president João Bernardo Vieira, deposed in the 1999 coup.


Premise: How many copies of each chromosome does a sexual organism have?

Hypothesis: Sexual organisms have two copies of each chromosome because they inherit one complete set from each parent.:1


Premise: How many soldiers did the Qing fight back with?

Hypothesis: The Qing had the support of the majority of Han Chinese soldiers and Han elite against the Three Feudatories, since they refused to join Wu Sangui in the revolt, while the Eight Banners and Manchu officers fared poorly against Wu Sangui, so the Qing responded with using a massive army of more than 900,000 Han Chinese (non-Banner) instead of the Eight Banners, to fight and crush the Three Feudatories.


Premise: What kind of political separation did not exist in Rome?

Hypothesis: There was no principle analogous to separation of church and state in ancient Rome.


Premise: How many of Alaska's residents reside in the Anchorage area?

Hypothesis: Alaska is the largest state in the United States by area, the 3rd least populous and the least densely populated of the 50 United States.


Premise: What type of paper is The Siasat Daily?

Hypothesis: The major Urdu papers include The Siasat Daily, The Munsif Daily and Etemaad.


Premise: Why does water increase lamp darkening?

Hypothesis: The oxygen attacks the tungsten metal, and the resulting tungsten oxide particles travel to cooler parts of the lamp.


Premise: When was the mandolin considered a fad?

Hypothesis: This "mandolin craze" was fading by the 1930s, but just as this practice was falling into disuse, the mandolin found a new niche in American country, old-time music, bluegrass and folk music.


Premise: What park is in East Tuscon?

Hypothesis: Tucson's largest office building is 5151 East Broadway in east Tucson, completed in 1975.


Premise: Pesticides are inspected often to make sure they meet up to date safety regulations from what period of time.

Hypothesis: All registered pesticides are reviewed every 15 years to ensure they meet the proper standards.


Premise: When did the FBI become concerned about Civil Rights?

Hypothesis: During the 1950s and 1960s, FBI officials became increasingly concerned about the influence of civil rights leaders, whom they believed had communist ties or were unduly influenced by them.


Premise: How many shares of berkshire hathway was pledged as a donation

Hypothesis: Buffett set conditions so that these contributions do not simply increase the foundation's endowment, but effectively work as a matching contribution, doubling the Foundation's annual giving: "Buffett's gift came with three conditions for the Gates foundation: Bill or Melinda Gates must be alive and active in its administration; it must continue to qualify as a charity; and each year it must give away an amount equal to the previous year's Berkshire gift, plus an additional amount equal to 5 percent of net assets.


Premise: What was the span of time fro the Ahom Kingdom?

Hypothesis: Ahom Kingdom (1228–1826) was a kingdom and tribe which rose to prominence in present-day Assam early in the thirteenth century.


Premise: Cleopatra, Arsinoe or Berenice were common names for whom?

Hypothesis: Ptolemaic queens, some of whom were the sisters of their husbands, were usually called Cleopatra, Arsinoe or Berenice.


Premise: When did the expert commission deliver its report?

Hypothesis: In the Center and South West either Rhineland-Palatinate (with the exception of the Germersheim district but including the Rhine-Neckar region) should be merged with Hesse and the Saarland (solution C), the district of Germersheim would then become part of Baden-Württemberg.


Premise: How many divisions did MacMahon command?

Hypothesis: Even though Ducrot shrugged off the possibility of an attack by the Germans, MacMahon tried to warn the other divisions of his army, without success.


Premise: What is used to determine whether federal judicial power extends to formulating binding precedent?

Hypothesis: This is where the act of deciding a case becomes a limited form of lawmaking in itself, in that an appellate court's rulings will thereby bind itself and lower courts in future cases (and therefore also impliedly binds all persons within the court's jurisdiction).


Premise: What did Hayek present in his 1952 book that affected multiple areas of science?

Hypothesis: In The Sensory Order: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Theoretical Psychology (1952), Hayek independently developed a "Hebbian learning" model of learning and memory – an idea which he first conceived in 1920, prior to his study of economics.


Premise: How many votes must be in favor of the exemption in order to award the exemption?

Hypothesis: If harm cannot be avoided, the project agency can seek an exemption from the Endangered Species Committee, an ad hoc panel composed of members from the executive branch and at least one appointee from the state where the project is to occur.


Premise: What law did the British make to cause the use of the Gregorian calendar?

Hypothesis: They can indicate that the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (NS) even though contemporary documents use a different start of year (OS); or to indicate that a date conforms to the Julian calendar (OS), formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar (NS).


Premise: What did David Ehrenstein call Obama in 2008?

Hypothesis: Stanley Crouch wrote in a New York Daily News piece "Obama's mother is of white U.S. stock.


Premise: What are the three main areas of southern Europe where Italian speakers can be found?

Hypothesis: The most widely spoken family of languages in southern Europe are the Romance languages, the heirs of Latin, which have spread from the Italian peninsula, and are emblematic of Southwestern Europe.


Premise: What did France fear by an alliance between Prussia and Spain?

Hypothesis: The Hohenzollern prince's candidacy was withdrawn under French diplomatic pressure, but Otto von Bismarck goaded the French into declaring war by altering a telegram sent by William I. Releasing the Ems Dispatch to the public, Bismarck made it sound as if the king had treated the French envoy in a demeaning fashion, which inflamed public opinion in France.


Premise: Where was Heinrich Heine born?

Hypothesis: After Heine's German birthplace of Düsseldorf had rejected, allegedly for anti-Semitic motives, a centennial monument to the radical German-Jewish poet (1797–1856), his incensed German-American admirers, including Carl Schurz, started a movement to place one instead in Midtown Manhattan, at Fifth Avenue and 59th Street.


Premise: In what period did Vyakarana begin?

Hypothesis: The Sanskrit grammatical tradition, Vyākaraṇa, one of the six Vedangas, began in the late Vedic period and culminated in the Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini, which consists of 3990 sutras (ca.


Premise: What continent moved to the southern-most part of the earth in the Cambrian era?

Hypothesis: The waters of the Cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shallow.


Premise: Which historians wrote early in John's life?

Hypothesis: Much of John's later, negative reputation was established by two chroniclers writing after the king's death, Roger of Wendover and Matthew Paris, the latter claiming that John attempted conversion to Islam in exchange for military aid from the Almohad ruler Muhammad al-Nasir - a story which is considered to be untrue by modern historians.


Premise: What are mushairas?

Hypothesis: The resulting ethnic mix popularised cultural events such as mushairas (poetic symposia).


Premise: How many members of the Banu Qurayza were beheaded after surrendering to Muhammad and his followers according to Tabari and Ibn Hisham?

Hypothesis: Muhammad also ordered another siege on the Banu Qurayza during the Invasion of Banu Qurayza, because according to Muslim tradition he had been ordered to do so by the angel Gabriel.


Premise: What century was the oldest known mosaic at the church discovered in 1990?

Hypothesis: The mosaic of the seasons in the southern aisle is from this first building period from the middle of the 5th century.


Premise: Why did Cannon believe that physiological responses were insufficient cause for emotions?

Hypothesis: Walter Bradford Cannon agreed that physiological responses played a crucial role in emotions, but did not believe that physiological responses alone could explain subjective emotional experiences.


Premise: Where does the mandolin that Gaetano Vinaccia reside?

Hypothesis: It resides in the Conservatoire Royal de Musique in Brussels, Belgium.


Premise: What type of vacant buildings have been spared destruction?

Hypothesis: The city itself has cleared sections of land while retaining a number of historically significant vacant buildings in order to spur redevelopment; though it has struggled with finances, the city issued bonds in 2008 to provide funding for ongoing work to demolish blighted properties.


Premise: What are agreements between states and the federal government called within the United States?

Hypothesis: For example, within the United States, agreements between states are compacts and agreements between states and the federal government or between agencies of the government are memoranda of understanding.


Premise: Who is often held as the model for all things holy and pure that is not Mary ?

Hypothesis: Thus in the first five centuries such epithets as "in every respect holy", "in all things unstained", "super-innocent", and "singularly holy" are applied to her; she is compared to Eve before the fall, as ancestress of a redeemed people; she is "the earth before it was accursed".


Premise: What group did the crusaders who attacked Valencia belong to?

Hypothesis: In 1238, King James I of Aragon, with an army composed of Aragonese, Catalans, Navarrese and crusaders from the Order of Calatrava, laid siege to Valencia and on 28 September obtained a surrender.


Premise: What is the name of the torchbearer who wrote a letter to the IOC president about discrepancies on a website?

Hypothesis: One day before the relay was to start, the official website appeared to have been updated to remove the disputed islands and dotted lines marking China's maritime claims in the South China Sea.


Premise: In what year did the Channel Tunnel open?

Hypothesis: The first high-speed domestic trains started in June 2009 linking Kent to London.


Premise: What is the annual revenue of the food processing industry?

Hypothesis: Manufacturing accounts for a significant but declining share of employment, although the city's garment industry is showing a resurgence in Brooklyn.


Premise: How did the original Xbox fare in Japan in general?

Hypothesis: While the original Xbox sold poorly in Japan, selling just 2 million units while it was on the market (between 2002 and 2005),[citation needed] the Xbox 360 sold even more poorly, selling only 1.5 million units from 2005 to 2011.


Premise: What anti-Semitic fabrication did The Times endorse in 1920?

Hypothesis: In the leader entitled "The Jewish Peril, a Disturbing Pamphlet: Call for Inquiry", Steed wrote about The Protocols of the Elders of Zion:


Premise: What company confirmed that an early version of the Spectre script had been leaked?

Hypothesis: Included within these were several memos relating to the production of Spectre, claiming that the film was over budget, detailing early drafts of the script written by John Logan, and expressing Sony's frustration with the project.


Premise: When was the Martorana church decorated?

Hypothesis: The mosaic depicting Roger II of Sicily, dressed in Byzantine imperial robes and receiving the crown by Christ, was originally in the demolished narthex together with another panel, the Theotokos with Georgios of Antiochia, the founder of the church.


Premise: What is one of the contraints of an NPO with regards to assets?

Hypothesis: For example, a charity is generally not allowed to pay its Trustees.


Premise: What four Arab countries entered British Mandatory Palestine?

Hypothesis: The following day, the armies of four Arab countries—Egypt, Syria, Transjordan and Iraq—entered what had been British Mandatory Palestine, launching the 1948 Arab–Israeli War; Contingents from Yemen, Morocco, Saudi Arabia and Sudan joined the war.


Premise: How many bombing raids were there during World War II?

Hypothesis: More than 90% of the city center was destroyed in a total of 88 bombing raids.


Premise: What is makes more of a difference than race in health outcomes for "race specific" diseases?

Hypothesis: Other researchers point out that finding a difference in disease prevalence between two socially defined groups does not necessarily imply genetic causation of the difference.


Premise: Who commanded the Prussian 12 Cavalry Brigade?

Hypothesis: At the Battle of Mars-la-Tours, the Prussian 12th Cavalry Brigade, commanded by General Adalbert von Bredow, conducted a charge against a French artillery battery.


Premise: Which social media site was used for complaining about the Indian censoring?

Hypothesis: This prompted criticism of the board online, especially on Twitter.


Premise: What factor determines the numbers people reach for estimates when studying DST?

Hypothesis: Although it has been argued that clock shifts correlate with decreased economic efficiency, and that in 2000 the daylight-saving effect implied an estimated one-day loss of $31 billion on US stock exchanges, the estimated numbers depend on the methodology.


Premise: Who killed the Shakyas?

Hypothesis: With their migration, Yambu was called Koligram and Yengal was called Dakshin Koligram during most of the Licchavi era.


Premise: What early team copied the Arsenal's red current color in 1909?

Hypothesis: In 1920, Sporting Clube de Braga's manager returned from a game at Highbury and changed his team's green kit to a duplicate of Arsenal's red with white sleeves and shorts, giving rise to the team's nickname of Os Arsenalistas.


Premise: What numbered department of the Supreme Court is located in Brooklyn?

Hypothesis: Manhattan hosts the First Department of the Supreme Court, Appellate Division while Brooklyn hosts the Second Department.


Premise: What position did Moussa Traoré take on as a result of his success?

Hypothesis: On 19 November 1968, following progressive economic decline, the Keïta regime was overthrown in a bloodless military coup led by Moussa Traoré, a day which is now commemorated as Liberation Day.


Premise: Who do some scholars think the Sumerian language originally belonged to?

Hypothesis: It has been suggested by them and others, that the Sumerian language was originally that of the hunter and fisher peoples, who lived in the marshland and the Eastern Arabia littoral region, and were part of the Arabian bifacial culture.


Premise: Who was Ashikaga Yoshimasa?

Hypothesis: The fact that Chiyo (though she is better known as "Wife of Yamauchi Kazutoyo") is held in such high esteem for her economic sense is illuminating in the light of the fact that she never produced an heir and the Yamauchi clan was succeeded by Kazutoyo's younger brother.


Premise: What type of social system was in place under the Ottoman Empire?

Hypothesis: While Western Armenia still remained under Ottoman rule, the Armenians were granted considerable autonomy within their own enclaves and lived in relative harmony with other groups in the empire (including the ruling Turks).


Premise: When are events usually shown as they appeared on the Julian calendar?

Hypothesis: For ordinary purposes, the dates of events occurring prior to 15 October 1582 are generally shown as they appeared in the Julian calendar, with the year starting on 1 January, and no conversion to their Gregorian equivalents.


Premise: Who invited Dominic to stay in the Roman Basilica of Santa Sabina?

Hypothesis: In 1219 Pope Honorius III invited Saint Dominic and his companions to take up residence at the ancient Roman basilica of Santa Sabina, which they did by early 1220.


Premise: When did construction of the Fine Arts Palace end?

Hypothesis: Another piece of architecture is the Fine Arts Palace, a white marble theatre/museum whose weight is such that it has gradually been sinking into the soft ground below.


Premise: A Buddha is no longer bound by what?

Hypothesis: According to Buddhist traditions a Buddha is a fully awakened being who has completely purified his mind of the three poisons of desire, aversion and ignorance.


Premise: During what century were reformed passed that allowed laws passed by the plebeians to have the full force of the law?

Hypothesis: The result of these reforms was that any law passed by the plebeian would have the full force of law.


Premise: What kind of system is a solar chimney?

Hypothesis: A solar chimney (or thermal chimney, in this context) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building.


Premise: What was Greece's public debt forecast to hit as high of a percentage of GDP of in 2010?

Hypothesis: In May 2010, the Greek government deficit was again revised and estimated to be 13.6% which was the second highest in the world relative to GDP with Iceland in first place at 15.7% and Great Britain third with 12.6%.


Premise: What event was hosted by Atlantic City in 1964?

Hypothesis: The city hosted the 1964 Democratic National Convention which nominated Lyndon Johnson for President and Hubert Humphrey as Vice President.


Premise: At what time is red at its brightest?

Hypothesis: But it was mostly chosen as the color for stoplights and stop signs because of its universal association with danger and warning.


Premise: What was the most important Mahayana centre of learning?

Hypothesis: Mahayana Buddhism flourished in India from the 5th century CE onwards, during the dynasty of the Guptas.


Premise: What was tossed at the torch trying to put it out?

Hypothesis: A major setback to the event was caused by footballer Diego Maradona, scheduled to open the relay through Buenos Aires, pulling out in an attempt to avoid the Olympic controversy.


Premise: Near the end of the war, where the did some of the german command flee to?

Hypothesis: When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies.


Premise: In what year waas Vladan Dinic born?

Hypothesis: Serbian journalist Vladan Dinić (born 1949), in Tito nije tito, includes several possible alternate identities of Tito.


Premise: What combined with the Richmond Professional Institute to form Virginia Commonwealth University?

Hypothesis: In 1968, Virginia Commonwealth University was created by the merger of the Medical College of Virginia with the Richmond Professional Institute.


Premise: When was the mention of London removed from the Royal Institute's name?

Hypothesis: After the grant of the royal charter it had become known as the Royal Institute of British Architects in London, eventually dropping the reference to London in 1892.


Premise: What fort is located on the Rockaway Peninsula?

Hypothesis: Also in Queens, the park includes a significant portion of the western Rockaway Peninsula, most notably Jacob Riis Park and Fort Tilden.


Premise: In what year did the British take Swaziland on as a protectorate?

Hypothesis: In 1903, after British victory in the Anglo-Boer war, Swaziland became a British protectorate.


Premise: Where is MI6 based?

Hypothesis: Scenes were also shot on the river near MI6's headquarters at Vauxhall Cross.


Premise: How does the Seattle ferry line compare to the rest of the world?

Hypothesis: Washington State Ferries, which manages the largest network of ferries in the United States and third largest in the world, connects Seattle to Bainbridge and Vashon Islands in Puget Sound and to Bremerton and Southworth on the Kitsap Peninsula.


Premise: Why were game animals introduced by acclimatisation societies?

Hypothesis: However, once Europeans arrived, game animals were introduced by acclimatisation societies to provide New Zealanders with sport and a hunting resource.


Premise: In what decade were more efficient ways of using sign language via video-telephony developed?

Hypothesis: The use of sign language via videotelephony was hampered for many years due to the difficulty of its use over slow analogue copper phone lines, coupled with the high cost of better quality ISDN (data) phone lines.


Premise: What discovery made astronomer's debate Pluto's status as a planet?

Hypothesis: The discovery of the Kuiper belt in 1992 led many astronomers to debate whether Pluto should be considered a planet or as part of the Kuiper belt.


Premise: Voiced aspirated consonants are what type?

Hypothesis: Voiced consonants are seldom actually aspirated.


Premise: What percentage of  the countries's farm-able land is used for the major farming production crop in Burma?

Hypothesis: The major agricultural product is rice, which covers about 60% of the country's total cultivated land area.


Premise: When Weld was re-elected governor, how much of the vote did he get?

Hypothesis: In 1996, Kerry faced a difficult re-election fight against Governor William Weld, a popular Republican incumbent who had been re-elected in 1994 with 71% of the vote.


Premise: How many people who have fled modern-day Tibet are considered to be exile speakers of Tibetan?

Hypothesis: However, if the latter group of Tibetan-type languages are included in the calculation, then 'greater Tibetan' is spoken by approximately 6 million people across the Tibetan Plateau.


Premise: In 2012, what act was approved to establish a National Communications regulator?

Hypothesis: Additionally, the national postal service is slated to be officially relaunched in 2013 after a long absence.


Premise: What crime had Kerry said North committed?

Hypothesis: Kerry's staff investigation, based on a year-long inquiry and interviews with fifty unnamed sources, is said to raise "serious questions about whether the United States has abided by the law in its handling of the contras over the past three years."


Premise: What political doctrine interested Popper in 1919?

Hypothesis: After the street battle in the Hörlgasse on 15 June 1919, when police shot eight of his unarmed party comrades, he became disillusioned by what he saw to be the "pseudo-scientific" historical materialism of Marx, abandoned the ideology, and remained a supporter of social liberalism throughout his life.


Premise: What foundation of study allowed for the accomplishment of the goal of a scholarly people?

Hypothesis: This was to be accomplished through the study of the studia humanitatis, today known as the humanities: grammar, rhetoric, history, poetry and moral philosophy.


Premise: Which Florida county is Miami located in?

Hypothesis: Miami (/maɪˈæmi/; Spanish pronunciation: [maiˈami]) is a city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the seat of Miami-Dade County.


Premise: Where was the UAOC protest held?

Hypothesis: On October 28 UAOC faithful, supported by Ukrainian Catholics, demonstrated near St. Sophia’s Cathedral as newly elected Russian Orthodox Church Patriarch Aleksei and Metropolitan Filaret celebrated liturgy at the shrine.


Premise: Who marked the switch from classical to romantic eras in classical music?

Hypothesis: In the field of music, Germany claims some of the most renowned classical composers of the world including Bach, Mozart and Beethoven, who marked the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western classical music.


Premise: What is the tallest skyscraper in Florida?

Hypothesis: Four Seasons Hotel & Tower.


Premise: What does mapping clusters disentangle ancestry from?

Hypothesis: Hammer et al. found that the degree of genetic similarity among Jews shifted depending on the locus investigated, and suggested that this was the result of natural selection acting on particular loci.


Premise: How long was the upheval of the first Intermediate period?

Hypothesis: The First Intermediate Period ushered in a time of political upheaval for about 150 years.


Premise: What is crosspicking?

Hypothesis: The late John Duffey of the original Country Gentlemen and later the Seldom Scene did much to popularize the bluegrass mandolin among folk and urban audiences, especially on the east coast and in the Washington, D.C. area.


Premise: What was the primary focus of Bush's campaign?

Hypothesis: Bush focused his campaign on national security, presenting himself as a decisive leader and contrasted Kerry as a "flip-flopper.


Premise: When did the English begin their intentional settlement of Bermuda?

Hypothesis: In 1610, all but three of the survivors of the Sea Venture sailed on to Jamestown.


Premise: In 1920, how many acres were purchased for $8 million for a new central Chicago campus?

Hypothesis: The new campus comprising these three new buildings was dedicated during a two-day ceremony in June 1927.


Premise: What is the reason for using capacitors in power factor correction?

Hypothesis: The purpose is to counteract inductive loading from devices like electric motors and transmission lines to make the load appear to be mostly resistive.


Premise: What amount had Royal Dutch Shell invested in the project by the end of 2012?

Hypothesis: Additionally, difficult weather conditions resulted in the delay of drilling during mid-2012 and the already dire situation was exacerbated by the "Kulluk" incident at the end of the year.


Premise: What is the nations oldest college?

Hypothesis: Several universities located outside Boston have a major presence in the city.


Premise: In what year did the battle of Marj Rahit occur?

Hypothesis: Yazid died while the siege was still in progress, and the Umayyad army returned to Damascus, leaving Ibn al-Zubayr in control of Mecca.


Premise: Who defined god as "that than which nothing greater can be conceived"?

Hypothesis: St. Anselm's approach was to define God as, "that than which nothing greater can be conceived".


Premise: On what date did the House Financial Services Committee hold a hearing to assess safety and soundness issues regarding Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?

Hypothesis: On September 10, 2003, the House Financial Services Committee held a hearing at the urging of the administration to assess safety and soundness issues and to review a recent report by the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO) that had uncovered accounting discrepancies within the two entities.


Premise: What is the typical structure of an adult contemporary song?

Hypothesis: It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music.


Premise: How many people were involved in the Baltic Chain?

Hypothesis: The colossal demonstration marked the 50th anniversary of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact that divided Eastern Europe into spheres of influence and led to the occupation of the Baltic states in 1940.


Premise: What were the strikes in protest against?

Hypothesis: On October 26, twenty factories in Lviv held strikes and meetings to protest the police brutality of October 1 and the authorities' unwillingness to prosecute those responsible.


Premise: What is the average rainfall between the months of July and   August?

Hypothesis: The South Saharan steppe and woodlands ecoregion is a narrow band running east and west between the hyper-arid Sahara and the Sahel savannas to the south.


Premise: What ideals were Greek and Roman Classical architecture not based on?

Hypothesis: Architectural "style" developed in the form of the Classical orders.


Premise: Who publicly argued at a press conference?

Hypothesis: Preparations for the event were marred by a disagreement over the role of the Chinese flame attendants, with Australian and Chinese officials arguing publicly over their function and prerogatives during a press conference.


Premise: A contract can be given to someone who is not the best what?

Hypothesis: He can give a contract to a company that is not the best bidder, or allocate more than they deserve.


Premise: In 2008, what was the average attendance for an AFL game?

Hypothesis: Average attendance for AFL games were around 10,000–11,000 per game in the 1990s, though during the recession connected to the dot-com bubble and the September 11, 2001 attacks average attendance dropped below 10,000 for several years.


Premise: How many weeks did their single "Independent Women Part I" stay on top?

Hypothesis: The remaining band members recorded "Independent Women Part I", which appeared on the soundtrack to the 2000 film, Charlie's Angels.


Premise: The fight against Huerta formally ended on which date?

Hypothesis: The fight against Huerta formally ended on August 15, 1914, when Álvaro Obregón signed a number of treaties in Teoloyucan in which the last of Huerta's forces surrendered to him and recognized the constitutional government.


Premise: What species of insect has the capability to walk on the surface of water?

Hypothesis: As it allows for rapid yet stable movement, many insects adopt a tripedal gait in which they walk with their legs touching the ground in alternating triangles.


Premise: What language did most of Lower Canada speak?

Hypothesis: The Constitutional Act of 1791 created the provinces of Upper Canada (mainly English-speaking) and Lower Canada (mainly French-speaking) to defuse tensions between the French and British communities, and implemented governmental systems similar to those employed in Britain, with the intention of asserting imperial authority and not allowing the sort of popular control of government that was perceived to have led to the American Revolution.


Premise: Boston became one of the wealthiest international ports after what war?

Hypothesis: After the Revolution, Boston's long seafaring tradition helped make it one of the world's wealthiest international ports, with rum, fish, salt, and tobacco being particularly important.


Premise: What makes Bermuda a popular tourist destination?

Hypothesis: In addition to its beaches, there are a number of sightseeing attractions.


Premise: Modern Morphology recognizes the structural dynamics of what?

Hypothesis: Modern morphology recognizes a continuum between the major morphological categories of root, stem (caulome), leaf (phyllome) and trichome.


Premise: Who did Frédéric's father marry in 1806?

Hypothesis: Fryderyk's father, Nicolas Chopin, was a Frenchman from Lorraine who had emigrated to Poland in 1787 at the age of sixteen.


Premise: Why did they decide against shifting code?

Hypothesis: It allows compact encoding, but is less reliable for data transmission as an error in transmitting the shift code typically makes a long part of the transmission unreadable.


Premise: In 1910, how many Dominicans were actively engaged in Order work?

Hypothesis: Statistics for 1910 show a total of 4,472 nominally or actually engaged in proper activities of the order.


Premise: In what year was the cotton gin invented?

Hypothesis: The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 revolutionized the processing of this crop, making short-staple cotton profitable.


Premise: The royal courts sponsored both Buddhism and what?

Hypothesis: Various classes of Vajrayana literature developed as a result of royal courts sponsoring both Buddhism and Saivism.


Premise: The Mamas members included which 3 musicians?

Hypothesis: Her background singers, The Mamas, consist of Montina Cooper-Donnell, Crystal Collins and Tiffany Moniqué Riddick.


Premise: According to Gary Lewis of the UN, what is the most pressing human security challenge in Iran?

Hypothesis: United Nations Resident Coordinator for Iran Gary Lewis has said that "Water scarcity poses the most severe human security challenge in Iran today".


Premise: How many Buddhists are there in 2010?

Hypothesis: According to Johnson and Grim (2013), Buddhism has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia.


Premise: Who was the only female sultana to be enthroned in a Indo-Islamic empire?

Hypothesis: The Delhi Sultanate is the only Indo-Islamic empire to enthrone one of the few female rulers in India, Razia Sultana (1236–1240).


Premise: Which month does the neighborhood celebrates its history in the City Landmark?

Hypothesis: Each year in February the neighborhood celebrates its history in the City Landmark it owns and restored the San Pedro Chapel.


Premise: Based on international arrivals, where does London rank in terms of most-visited cities?

Hypothesis: London is one of the world's leading investment destinations, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city.


Premise: Where did both Jefferson and Madison attend religious services?

Hypothesis: In a letter to Edward Livingston Madison further expanded, "We are teaching the world the great truth that Govts.


Premise: What Robert Redford movie was shot here in 1002?

Hypothesis: Montana has been a destination for its world-class trout fisheries since the 1930s.


Premise: What was the problem with the palace's chimneys?

Hypothesis: Ventilation was so bad that the interior smelled, and when a decision was taken to install gas lamps, there was a serious worry about the build-up of gas on the lower floors.


Premise: When was a settlement developed in Tell Qaramel?

Hypothesis: Around 9000 BC during the PPNA, one of the world's first towns, Jericho, appeared in the Levant.


Premise: How many packs of camel cigarettes were sold per year in 1914?

Hypothesis: By 1914 it was selling 425 million packs of Camels a year.


Premise: Who was the always the Prince of Wales?

Hypothesis: Proposals, such as appointing her Constable of Caernarfon Castle or a patron of Urdd Gobaith Cymru (the Welsh League of Youth), were abandoned for various reasons, which included a fear of associating Elizabeth with conscientious objectors in the Urdd, at a time when Britain was at war.


Premise: What class of people founded both European universities and Islamic madaris

Hypothesis: George Makdisi and others, however, argue that the European university has no parallel in the medieval Islamic world.


Premise: Whose genome map greatly aided the Human Genome Project?

Hypothesis: A fundamental step in the project was the release of a detailed genomic map by Jean Weissenbach and his team at the Genoscope in Paris.


Premise: Who did Philetaerus declare himself loyal to?

Hypothesis: After the death of Lysimachus, one of his officers, Philetaerus, took control of the city of Pergamum in 282 BC along with Lysimachus' war chest of 9,000 talents and declared himself loyal to Seleucus I while remaining de facto independent.


Premise: Does a halogen bulb operate at a higher or lower temperature than an incandescent?

Hypothesis: The halogen lamp can operate its filament at a higher temperature than a standard gas filled lamp of similar power without loss of operating life.


Premise: What kind of birds fly low over water?

Hypothesis: Bar-headed geese Anser indicus have been recorded by GPS flying at up to 6,540 metres (21,460 ft) while crossing the Himalayas, at the same time engaging in the highest rates of climb to altitude for any bird.


Premise: What is the British equivalent of a "buck"?

Hypothesis: The colloquialism "buck"(s) (much like the British word "quid"(s, pl) for the pound sterling) is often used to refer to dollars of various nations, including the U.S. dollar.


Premise: What is the by-product of non-repiratory anaerobes?

Hypothesis: These processes are also important in biological responses to pollution; for example, sulfate-reducing bacteria are largely responsible for the production of the highly toxic forms of mercury (methyl- and dimethylmercury) in the environment. Non-respiratory anaerobes use fermentation to generate energy and reducing power, secreting metabolic by-products (such as ethanol in brewing) as waste.


Premise: What did Aristotle add to Plato's work?

Hypothesis: The antecedents of European politics trace their roots back even earlier than Plato and Aristotle, particularly in the works of Homer, Hesiod, Thucydides, Xenophon, and Euripides.


Premise: Which two countries refused to ratify the treaty to regulate mineral use in Antarctica?

Hypothesis: They proposed instead that a comprehensive regime to protect the Antarctic environment be negotiated in its place.


Premise: What is the percentage of Muslims living in the Congo?

Hypothesis: Followers of Islam make up 1.6%, and this is primarily due to an influx of foreign workers into the urban centers.


Premise: What were PVA officers supposed to do if troops disobeyed the security protocol?

Hypothesis: During daylight activity or marching, soldiers were to remain motionless if an aircraft appeared, until it flew away; PVA officers were under order to shoot security violators.


Premise: What Empire neighbored and had a rivalry with Safavid Iran?

Hypothesis: Following a gradual decline in the late 1600s and early 1700s, which was caused by the internal conflicts, the continuous wars with the Ottomans, and the foreign interference (most notably the Russian interference), the Safavid rule was ended by the Pashtun rebels who besieged Isfahan and defeated Soltan Hosein in 1722.


Premise: What is Miami's world rank in terms of how impressive its skyline is?

Hypothesis: Miami's skyline is ranked third-most impressive in the U.S., behind New York City and Chicago, and 19th in the world according to the Almanac of Architecture and Design.


Premise: How many types are Nepali works of art typically divided into?

Hypothesis: Kathmandu is a center for art in Nepal, displaying the work of contemporary artists in the country and also collections of historical artists.


Premise: Justify My Love reached which number in the US charts?

Hypothesis: Madonna responded to the banning: "Why is it that people are willing to go and watch a movie about someone getting blown to bits for no reason at all, and nobody wants to see two girls kissing and two men snuggling?"


Premise: What dynasty ruled the Sultanate of Ifat?

Hypothesis: The Sultanate of Ifat, led by the Walashma dynasty with its capital at Zeila, ruled over parts of what is now eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northern Somalia.


Premise: What was the designation of Nanjing?

Hypothesis: Even today, some of them still remain which are open to tourists.


Premise: In which year was the Arms and Ammunitions (Amemndment) Bill adopted?

Hypothesis: Members of the opposition denounced the bill and asked the King to veto it, which he did in December.


Premise: In addition to agriculture, what industry historically supported Samoa's local economy?

Hypothesis: In modern times, development aid, private family remittances from overseas, and agricultural exports have become key factors in the nation's economy.


Premise: In an argument by Avicenna, the soul is without what?

Hypothesis: These were known in Latin under the title De Anima (treatises "on the soul").[dubious – discuss]


Premise: What are the four categories for the most prolific dialects used in Burma ?

Hypothesis: Sino-Tibetan, Tai–Kadai, Austro-Asiatic, and Indo-European.


Premise: What provides Europe with drinking water, irrigation, and hydroelectric power?

Hypothesis: The Alps provide lowland Europe with drinking water, irrigation, and hydroelectric power.


Premise: What did the Qur'an permit?

Hypothesis: The men interpreted the Qur'an to permit sexual relations between a male master and his female slave outside of marriage (see Ma malakat aymanukum and sex), leading to many mixed-race children.


Premise: What team did Nwankwo Kanu go on to play on?

Hypothesis: The nation's cadet team from Japan '93 produced some international players notably Nwankwo Kanu, a two-time African Footballer of the year who won the European Champions League with Ajax Amsterdam and later played with Inter Milan, Arsenal, West Bromwich Albion and Portsmouth.


Premise: What was the most common type of brick used to construct London's older buildings?

Hypothesis: The Monument in the City of London provides views of the surrounding area while commemorating the Great Fire of London, which originated nearby.


Premise: What is used to identify the begining of a valid frame of an MP3 header?

Hypothesis: This is followed by a bit indicating that this is the MPEG standard and two bits that indicate that layer 3 is used; hence MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 or MP3.


Premise: What have pieces published after 1857 been given rather than opus numbers?

Hypothesis: The present standard musicological reference for Chopin's works is the Kobylańska Catalogue (usually represented by the initials 'KK'), named for its compiler, the Polish musicologist Krystyna Kobylańska.


Premise: What did Alumnus Eero Saarinen use for inspiration for Ingalls Rink at Yale?

Hypothesis: These latter were modelled after the medieval Italian hilltown of San Gimignano – a prototype chosen for the town's pedestrian-friendly milieu and fortress-like stone towers.


Premise: During what years was Theodor Hesburgh president of Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., (1917–2015) served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of dramatic transformations.


Premise: Who, along with ordinary citizens, makes up the Citizens for Democratic Rights in Eritrea?

Hypothesis: Additionally, a new movement called Citizens for Democratic Rights in Eritrea aimed at bringing about dialogue between the government and opposition was formed in early 2009.


Premise: What language is Hokkien distantly related to?

Hypothesis: Besides Hokkien, there are also other Min and Hakka dialects in Fujian province, most of which are not mutually intelligible with Hokkien.


Premise: Who wrote the only book length- biography of Harper Lee?

Hypothesis: Charles Shields, who has written the only book-length biography of Harper Lee to date, offers the reason for the novel's enduring popularity and impact is that "its lessons of human dignity and respect for others remain fundamental and universal".


Premise: What causes warping in vinyl records?

Hypothesis: Vinyl records can be warped by heat, improper storage, exposure to sunlight, or manufacturing defects such as excessively tight plastic shrinkwrap on the album cover.


Premise: Who wrote 'The BFG'?

Hypothesis: Spielberg has filmed and is currently in post-production on an adaptation of Roald Dahl's celebrated children's story The BFG.


Premise: Who are some of the most renowned football managers in Portugal?

Hypothesis: Football is the most popular sport in Portugal.


Premise: What was Tony's occupation?

Hypothesis: Tony worked as an engineer designer for Chrysler and General Motors.


Premise: What interstate highways cross the Grand Division in Tennessee?

Hypothesis: East Tennessee has several important transportation links with Middle and West Tennessee, as well as the rest of the nation and the world, including several major airports and interstates.


Premise: Who can individuals can not derive precedence from?

Hypothesis: As a general rule, individuals can derive precedence from their fathers or husbands, but not from their mothers or wives (see order of precedence in England and Wales for the exact positions).


Premise: What did Carnivore monitor?

Hypothesis: Carnivore was an electronic eavesdropping software system implemented by the FBI during the Clinton administration; it was designed to monitor email and electronic communications.


Premise: Which Spielberg films has Tom Cruise been in?

Hypothesis: Spielberg has collaborated with Tom Cruise twice on Minority Report and War of the Worlds, and cast Shia LaBeouf in five films: Transformers, Eagle Eye, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen, and Transformers: Dark of the Moon.


Premise: In the 23 October 1955 Saar Statute referendum, what percentage opposed the formation of the Saarland?

Hypothesis: The rejection of the plan by the Saarlanders was interpreted as support for the Saar to join the Federal Republic of Germany.


Premise: Which type of reptile is most common in the desert?

Hypothesis: The most observed reptiles in the desert include: Mohave rattlesnake Crotalus scutulatus, twin-spotted rattlesnake Crotalus pricei, prairie rattlesnake Crotalus viridis, ridge-nosed rattlesnake Crotalus willardi, whip snake Masticophis flagellum, New Mexico whiptail Cnemidophorus neomexicanus, and red-spotted toad Bufo punctatus.


Premise: What is St. Christopher the patron saint of?

Hypothesis: Discussing his faith, Kerry said, "I thought of being a priest.


Premise: What was "Operation Detachment"?

Hypothesis: General Tadamichi Kuribayashi, the commander of the island's defense, knew that he could not win the battle, but he hoped to make the Americans suffer far more than they could endure.


Premise: What convent was close to the area where troops lived?

Hypothesis: Valencia had to become accustomed to being an occupied city, living with the presence of troops quartered in the Citadel near the convent of Santo Domingo and in other buildings such as the Lonja, which served as a barracks until 1762.


Premise: Which desert is encroaching into northeastern Nigeria?

Hypothesis: In the Sahel region, rain is less than 500 millimetres (20 in) per year and the Sahara Desert is encroaching.


Premise: What country did Eisenhower believe communists would conquer if they took over Guatemala?

Hypothesis: He believed that if the communists were allowed to prevail in Vietnam, this would cause a succession of countries to fall to communism, from Laos through Malaysia and Indonesia ultimately to India.


Premise: Along with fatty acids, what kind of acids are in the extractives in wood?

Hypothesis: Aside from the lignocellulose, wood consists of a variety of low molecular weight organic compounds, called extractives.


Premise: What does the country experience from December through April?

Hypothesis: The average rainfall for Bissau is 2,024 millimetres (79.7 in) although this is almost entirely accounted for during the rainy season which falls between June and September/October.


Premise: Along with chronicles and records, what indigenous sources are used in Somali Studies?

Hypothesis: The field draws from old Somali chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to written accounts and traditions about Somalis from explorers and geographers in the Horn of Africa and the Middle East.


Premise: What percentage of New Delhi's population is Muslim?

Hypothesis: Hinduism is the religion of 79.8% of New Delhi's population.


Premise: How many books are housed at the Theodore Hesburgh Library?

Hypothesis: Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books.


Premise: Who was the influential New Haven general that hoped to avoid conflict with the British Parliament as the American Revolution loomed closer?

Hypothesis: For over a century, New Haven citizens had fought in the colonial militia alongside regular British forces, as in the French and Indian War.


Premise: What are groups other than blacks considered to be?

Hypothesis: It is often suggested that the key reason for this is that the physical differences between these other groups and whites are less pronounced than the physical differences between African blacks and whites, and therefore are less threatening to whites. ...


Premise: New Haven County makes up the outer limits of what major metropolitan area?

Hypothesis: It is the second-largest city in Connecticut (after Bridgeport), with a population of 129,779 people as of the 2010 United States Census.


Premise: Britain competed with which country to fill the Asian power vacuum in the 19th century?

Hypothesis: During the 19th century, Britain and the Russian Empire vied to fill the power vacuums that had been left by the declining Ottoman Empire, Qajar dynasty and Qing Dynasty.


Premise: Without using an external box, cable-ready TVs can display what?

Hypothesis: Additionally, cable-ready TV sets can display HD content without using an external box.


Premise: What year was the O'neill tunnel put in place?

Hypothesis: Downtown Boston's streets grew organically, so they do not form a planned grid, unlike those in later-developed Back Bay, East Boston, the South End, and South Boston.


Premise: What was the value of the loan that Dell received from Microsoft?

Hypothesis: After several weeks of rumors, which started around January 11, 2013, Dell announced on February 5, 2013 that it had struck a $24.4 billion leveraged buyout deal, that would have delisted its shares from the NASDAQ and Hong Kong Stock Exchange and taken it private.


Premise: Who played Billy Cub?

Hypothesis: Billy Cub, who is played by fan John Paul Weier, had unsuccessfully petitioned the team to become the official mascot.


Premise: When did it get its modern spelling?

Hypothesis: The name evolved during the Middle Ages from Gallaecia, sometimes written Galletia, to Gallicia.


Premise: What changed the Prussian relationship with Sweden?

Hypothesis: At the same time, his Brunswick allies captured the key town of Göttingen and compounded this by taking Cassel.


Premise: Who was Jim Foster's employer prior to his founding the Arena Football League?

Hypothesis: Jim Foster, a promotions manager with the National Football League, conceived of indoor football while watching an indoor soccer match at Madison Square Garden in 1981.


Premise: What can be economically competetive but may still require deployment support?

Hypothesis: However, the industry has remained relatively stagnant over the decade to 2007, even though demand for biomass (mostly wood) continues to grow in many developing countries.


Premise: What is able to prevent AA from being released from membranes?

Hypothesis: Moreover, the conversion (desaturation) of DGLA to AA is controlled by the enzyme delta-5-desaturase, which in turn is controlled by hormones such as insulin (up-regulation) and glucagon (down-regulation).


Premise: What two bodies of water influene the climate in Western Alaska?

Hypothesis: The climate of Western Alaska is determined in large part by the Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska.


Premise: Which church in the United States is associated with the Angican Communion?

Hypothesis: The multiple churches that form the Anglican Communion and the Continuing Anglican movement have different views on Marian doctrines and venerative practices given that there is no single church with universal authority within the Communion and that the mother church (the Church of England) understands itself to be both "catholic" and "Reformed".


Premise: When did Roosevelt sign the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act?

Hypothesis: On 16 March 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, which requires an annual stamp purchase by all hunters over the age of sixteen.


Premise: What forms are mutually intelligible?

Hypothesis: The various forms of Catalan and Valencian are mutually intelligible (ranging from 90% to 95%)


Premise: In which battle did the Dreyse needle gun gain its fame?

Hypothesis: The army was still equipped with the Dreyse needle gun of Battle of Königgrätz fame, which was by this time showing the age of its 25-year-old design.


Premise: The College's restricted equity holdings would be considered a part of which portion of the portfolio?

Hypothesis: The College's endowment is sub-divided into three distinct portfolios: (i)


Premise: What direct benefit did NARA itself gain from the partnership with Fold3?

Hypothesis: On January 10, 2007, the National Archives and Fold3.com (formerly Footnote) launched a pilot project to digitize historic documents from the National Archives holdings.


Premise: Which Dell committee handles accounting issues?

Hypothesis: The board of directors usually sets up five committees having oversight over specific matters.


Premise: What did Tuvalu call for from other nations concerning reduction of carbon emissions?

Hypothesis: Their chief negotiator stated, "Tuvalu is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to climate change and our future rests on the outcome of this meeting."


Premise: What are the kings portrayed as hunting?

Hypothesis: Taboos are often related to hunting, and mythological association of prey species with a divinity could be reflected in hunting restrictions such as a reserve surrounding a temple.


Premise: What was the original name of the Beechen Cliff School

Hypothesis: Several schools can trace their origins back many years, such as The Blue School in Wells and Richard Huish College in Taunton.


Premise: Who said that Napoleon's presence on the battlefield was worth 40,000 soldiers?

Hypothesis: Wellington said his presence on the battlefield was worth 40,000 soldiers, for he inspired confidence from privates to field marshals.


Premise: When did Thomas à Kempis die?

Hypothesis: The papacy further refined the practice in the Mass in the Late Middle Ages, holding that the clergy alone was allowed to partake of the wine in the Eucharist.


Premise: In 2007 what happened to developerWorks?

Hypothesis: In 2007, developerWorks was inducted into the Jolt Hall of Fame.


Premise: What hobby champions the use of Old English?

Hypothesis: A number of websites devoted to Neo-Paganism and Historical re-enactment offer reference material and forums promoting the active use of Old English.


Premise: In the middle of the eighteenth century, how many Swedes could read and write?

Hypothesis: By the middle of the eighteenth century, the literacy rate in England was about 60 per cent, in Scotland 65 per cent, and in Sweden eight of ten men and women were able to read and to write.


Premise: Which type of glacier is above or at freezing at it's interface and is able to slide?

Hypothesis: A warm-based glacier is above or at freezing at the interface, and is able to slide at this contact.


Premise: Who made up the crew of the Soyuz 11?

Hypothesis: The Soyuz 11 crew of Vladislav Volkov, Georgi Dobrovolski and Viktor Patsayev successfully docked on June 7, and completed a record 22-day stay.


Premise: What caused ancient texts to be rediscovered by Byzantine scholars?

Hypothesis: New ideas also helped to influence the development of European science at this point: not least the introduction of Algebra.


Premise: In what did Houston pass New York City in 2013?

Hypothesis: The Houston Ship Channel is also a large part of Houston's economic base.


Premise: Where did Louis XVI and his family live?

Hypothesis: In 1793, as the revolution turned more and more radical, the king, queen, and the mayor were guillotined, along with more than 16,000 others (throughout France), during the Reign of Terror.


Premise: Which company is Alaska's only professional opera?

Hypothesis: The Anchorage Opera is currently the state's only professional opera company, though there are several volunteer and semi-professional organizations in the state as well.


Premise: What area exceeded 1 million people in 2015?

Hypothesis: The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263.


Premise: In what two major conflicts did Portugal engage in during the 20th century?

Hypothesis: Portugal also conducted several independent unilateral military operations abroad, as were the cases of the interventions of the Portuguese Armed Forces in Angola in 1992 and in Guinea-Bissau in 1998 with the main objectives of protecting and withdrawing of Portuguese and foreign citizens threatened by local civil conflicts.


Premise: Why have Jehovah's Witnesses sometimes been imprisoned?

Hypothesis: Their doctrine of political neutrality and their refusal to serve in the military has led to imprisonment of members who refused conscription during World War II and at other times where national service has been compulsory.


Premise: What was the previous name of the United Church of Christ?

Hypothesis: Major religious groups in the Republic of the Marshall Islands include the United Church of Christ (formerly Congregational), with 51.5% of the population; the Assemblies of God, 24.2%; the Roman Catholic Church, 8.4%; and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), 8.3%; Also represented are Bukot Nan Jesus (also known as Assembly of God Part Two), 2.2%; Baptist, 1.0%; Seventh-day Adventists, 0.9%; Full Gospel, 0.7%; and the Baha'i Faith, 0.6%; Persons without any religious affiliation account for a very small percentage of the population.


Premise: Who established the Tibetan law code?

Hypothesis: Yet Van Praag describes the distinct and long-lasting Tibetan law code established by the Phagmodru ruler Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen as one of many reforms to revive old Imperial Tibetan traditions.


Premise: Molecules that are released from ingested foods are done so through which process?

Hypothesis: Unabsorbed matter, along with some waste products of metabolism, is eliminated from the body in the feces.


Premise: What do vending machines commonly only accept?

Hypothesis: As most vending machines are incapable of making change in banknotes, they commonly accept only $1 bills, though a few will give change in dollar coins.


Premise: Who did King Louis XV want on the Polish throne?

Hypothesis: Louis’s goals for le Secret du roi included an attempt to win the Polish crown for his kinsman Louis François de Bourbon, prince de Conti, and the maintenance of Poland, Sweden, and Turkey as French client states in opposition to Russian and Austrian interests.


Premise: Which contestant did the band Fuel ask to be their new lead singer?

Hypothesis: Chris Daughtry's performance of Fuel's "Hemorrhage (


Premise: Who approved the improvement project for the Houston ship channel?

Hypothesis: In 1900, after Galveston was struck by a devastating hurricane, efforts to make Houston into a viable deep-water port were accelerated.


Premise: Who gave Camillo di Cavour the orders to send soldiers to aid the French and British forces?

Hypothesis: The deployment of Italian troops to the Crimea, and the gallantry shown by them in the Battle of the Chernaya (16 August 1855) and in the siege of Sevastopol, allowed the Kingdom of Sardinia to be among the participants at the peace conference at the end of the war, where it could address the issue of the Risorgimento to other European powers.


Premise: in what century was a school of polyphony established at Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: In the late 12th-century, a school of polyphony was established at the Notre-Dame.


Premise: How many people can Nanjing Olympic Sports Center's natatorium hold?

Hypothesis: Its gymnasium has capacity of 13,000, and natatorium of capacity 3,000.


Premise: In what year did the Ottoman Empire end?

Hypothesis: By the time the Ottoman Empire came to an end in 1922, half of the urban population of Turkey was descended from Muslim refugees from Russia.


Premise: What belief is the emphasis of the Plymouth Brethren?

Hypothesis: Although the group refused for many years to take any denominational name to itself—a stance that some of them still maintain—the title The Brethren, is one that many of their number are comfortable with in that the Bible designates all believers as brethren.


Premise: What is the profession of Reginald DesRoches?

Hypothesis: Reginald DesRoches, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Georgia Tech, pointed out that the massive damage of properties and houses in the earthquake area was because China did not create an adequate seismic design code until after the devastating 1976 Tangshan earthquake.


Premise: Which village had fallen into decay?

Hypothesis: By then, the old village of Eye Cross had long since fallen into decay, and the area was mostly wasteland.


Premise: What instrument fell out of use after the 1760s?

Hypothesis: While the harpsichord was still used in basso continuo accompaniment in the 1750s and 1760s, it fell out of use in the end of the century.


Premise: Who would the FAA administrator report to?

Hypothesis: New programs and budget requests would have to be approved by DOT, which would then include these requests in the overall budget and submit it to the president.


Premise: What was the name of the Briton colony formed in Northern Galicia?

Hypothesis: During this period a Briton colony and bishopric (see Mailoc) was established in Northern Galicia (Britonia), probably as foederati and allies of the Suebi.


Premise: How many slaves were at San Miguel de Gualdape at its inception?

Hypothesis: In June of that year, Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon established a Spanish colony near the mouth of the Pee Dee River in what is now eastern South Carolina.


Premise: The electrical properties of neurons are controlled by what?

Hypothesis: The electrical properties of neurons are controlled by a wide variety of biochemical and metabolic processes, most notably the interactions between neurotransmitters and receptors that take place at synapses.


Premise: How many mourners attended Nasser's funeral?

Hypothesis: Following Egypt's defeat by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War, Nasser resigned, but he returned to office after popular demonstrations called for his reinstatement.


Premise: What is the rate of mortality for those with tuberculosis in Swaziland?

Hypothesis: In 2004, the Swaziland government acknowledged for the first time that it suffered an AIDS crisis, with 38.8% of tested pregnant women infected with HIV (see AIDS in Africa).


Premise: What major event in India in 1857 caused migration of peformance artists into Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: After the fall of Delhi in 1857, the migration of performing artists to the city particularly from the north and west of the Indian sub continent, under the patronage of the Nizam, enriched the cultural milieu.


Premise: What is the current mayor of Richmond?

Hypothesis: The Honorable Dwight C. Jones, a prominent Baptist pastor and former Chairman of the Richmond School Board and Member of the Virginia House of Delegates serves as Mayor of the City of Richmond.


Premise: On what day was Paul VI born?

Hypothesis: His liturgical feast day is celebrated on the date of his birth, 26 September, rather than the day of his death as is usual.


Premise: What have scientists started spending the most time on?

Hypothesis: More recently, scientists have started to focus on measuring changes in brain activity related to sexual arousal, by using brain-scanning techniques.


Premise: What group conducted a study of coral on Funafuti?

Hypothesis: This investigation followed the work on The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs conducted by Charles Darwin in the Pacific.


Premise: What did former BYU graduate Harvey Fletcher invent?

Hypothesis: The University also graduated Nobel Prize winner Paul D. Boyer, as well as Philo Farnsworth (inventor of the electronic television) and Harvey Fletcher (inventor of the hearing aid).


Premise: 3MBS and ABC Classic FM play what type of music?

Hypothesis: For fans of classical music there are 3MBS and ABC Classic FM.


Premise: Other than in osteomalacia, what is there no evidence of a relationship between pain and?

Hypothesis: There is interest in the relationship between vitamin D and pain, but the evidence so far from controlled trials for such a relationship, other than in osteomalacia, is unconvincing.


Premise: In 1880 what was used intraveniously for asthma?

Hypothesis: Medical treatment in 1880, included the use of intravenous doses of a drug called pilocarpin.


Premise: What weather event would offset loss of ice shelves?

Hypothesis: This effect is offset by snow falling back onto the continent.


Premise: How old was Bell when he became a "pupil-teacher"?

Hypothesis: The elder Bell took great efforts to have his young pupil learn to speak clearly and with conviction, the attributes that his pupil would need to become a teacher himself.


Premise: Who was elected Prime Minister after Disareli lost the election in 1880?

Hypothesis: To Victoria's dismay, Disraeli lost the 1880 general election, and Gladstone returned as prime minister.


Premise: Does the loser of the cup gain anything?

Hypothesis: This European place applies even if the team is relegated or is not in the English top flight.


Premise: What was the original intended home field of the Las Vegas Outlaws?

Hypothesis: The San Antonio Talons folded on October 13, 2014, after the league (which owned the team) failed to find a new owner.


Premise: Which culture adapted the use of mosaics for large ground coverings in their villas?

Hypothesis: Splendid mosaic floors are found in Roman villas across North Africa, in places such as Carthage, and can still be seen in the extensive collection in Bardo Museum in Tunis, Tunisia.


Premise: Which street does Club Row occur on?

Hypothesis: It is most noted for its strip between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, known as Club Row because it features numerous nightclubs and lounges.


Premise: How many votes were cast for contestants in the first season?

Hypothesis: Online voting was offered for the first time in season ten.


Premise: How many seasons of American Idol have there been?

Hypothesis: Ryan Seacrest returns as host, with Harry Connick Jr., Keith Urban, and Jennifer Lopez all returning for their respective third, fourth, and fifth seasons as judges.


Premise: What could have cause loss of power via the use of the term biracial and multiracial?

Hypothesis: In the 1980s, parents of mixed-race children began to organize and lobby for the addition of a more inclusive term of racial designation that would reflect the heritage of their children.


Premise: What did Ludwig Von Mises and Friedrich Hayek run?

Hypothesis: World War


Premise: What device was used to produce the measurements of sea level change on Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: The 2011 report of the Pacific Climate Change Science Program published by the Australian Government, concludes: "The sea-level rise near Tuvalu measured by satellite altimeters since 1993 is about 5 mm (0.2 in) per year."


Premise: How many people have membership in the Royal Institute?

Hypothesis: The RIBA is a member organisation, with 44,000 members.


Premise: What is a hypodesecnt rule?

Hypothesis: Anthropologists called it an example of a hypodescent rule, meaning that racially mixed persons were assigned the status of the socially subordinate group.


Premise: Who is the author of The Pillow Book?

Hypothesis: Hiragana gave written expression to the spoken word and, with it, to the rise in Japan's famous vernacular literature, much of it written by court women who had not been trained in Chinese as had their male counterparts.


Premise: What was Juan Antonio Lavalleja's band caled?

Hypothesis: In 1829, the demolition of the city's fortifications began and plans were made for an extension beyond the Ciudad Vieja, referred to as the "Ciudad Nueva" ("new city").


Premise: What is one example of nonverbal communication?

Hypothesis: Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of a message.


Premise: When did Hirai think the PS3 might start making the company some money?

Hypothesis: In a July 2008 interview, Hirai stated that his objective is for PlayStation 3 to sell 150 million units by its ninth year, surpassing PlayStation 2's sales of 140 million in its nine years on the market.


Premise: What area has a ski lift?

Hypothesis: Summerhaven is the road to Ski Valley which hosts a ski lift, several runs, a giftshop, and nearby restaurant.


Premise: Why might two plants be similar but not actually be in the same group?

Hypothesis: Some euphorbias have leafless, rounded bodies adapted to water conservation similar to those of globular cacti, but characters such as the structure of their flowers make it clear that the two groups are not closely related.


Premise: When did Alfred the Great begin his reign?

Hypothesis: By the late 10th century Italy had been drawn into the Ottonian sphere after a period of instability; Otto III (r. 996–1002) spent much of his later reign in the kingdom.


Premise: Where studio hosts the live final rounds on American Idol?

Hypothesis: Each finalist performs songs based on a weekly theme which may be a musical genre such as Motown, disco, or big band, songs by artists such as Michael Jackson, Elvis Presley or The Beatles, or more general themes such as Billboard Number 1 hits or songs from the contestant's year of birth.


Premise: Who usually owns and manages National parks?

Hypothesis: National park and nature reserve is the area selected by governments or private organizations for special protection against damage or degradation with the objective of biodiversity and landscape conservation.


Premise: What ancient writer gave later eras the idea that cotton might be a tree?

Hypothesis: During the late medieval period, cotton became known as an imported fiber in northern Europe, without any knowledge of how it was derived, other than that it was a plant.


Premise: In what year did Shell agree to settle the lawsuits filed in 1996?

Hypothesis: Shell has not accepted any liability over the allegations against it.


Premise: In what year did the Tsimshian people arrive in Alaska?

Hypothesis: Linguistic and DNA studies done here have provided evidence for the settlement of North America by way of the Bering land bridge.[citation needed]


Premise: How many people can be seated in a basketball game at TD Garden?

Hypothesis: The arena seats 18,624 for basketball games and 17,565 for ice hockey games.


Premise: Name Madonna's Grammy award album in 1998?

Hypothesis: She followed it with a series of commercially and critcally successful albums, including the Grammy Award winners Ray of Light (1998) and Confessions on a Dance Floor (2005).


Premise: Parque Batlle is named in honor of who?

Hypothesis: In 1918, the park was named Parque de los Aliados, following the victory of the Allies of World War I. On 5 May 1930, after significant expansion, it was again renamed as Parque Batlle y Ordóñez, in memory of the prominent politician and president, who had died in 1929.


Premise: What type of satellites does the American GPS system use?

Hypothesis: This means that the system does not require a large constellation of satellites, but it also limits the coverage to areas on Earth where the satellites are visible.


Premise: What is Jidaigeki?

Hypothesis: One example is that in the Japanese film, seven samurai warriors are hired by local farmers to protect their land from being overrun by bandits; In George Lucas’ Star Wars: A New Hope, a similar situation arises.


Premise: How can predators use mimicry?

Hypothesis: Predators may also use mimicry to lure their prey, however.


Premise: Who wrote "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage: Canto I"?

Hypothesis: Authors often include historical moments in their works, like when Lord Byron talks about the Spanish and the French in ‘‘Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage: Canto I’’ and expresses his opinions through his character Childe Harold.


Premise: Who guided Ur during the last gasp of power?

Hypothesis: The last of these eventually came to dominate the south of Mesopotamia as the Babylonian Empire, just as the Old Assyrian Empire had already done so in the north from the late 21st century BC.


Premise: What year was "Ray of Light" released?

Hypothesis: Madonna's seventh studio album, Ray of Light, (1998) reflected a change in her image.


Premise: By the thirteenth century, what had the Czech language separated from?

Hypothesis: The Czechs' language separated from other Slavic tongues into what would later be called Old Czech by the thirteenth century, a classification extending through the sixteenth century.