Premise: What is the term for teaching by only scripture?

Hypothesis: This idea contains the four main doctrines on the Bible: that its teaching is needed for salvation (necessity); that all the doctrine necessary for salvation comes from the Bible alone (sufficiency); that everything taught in the Bible is correct (inerrancy); and that, by the Holy Spirit overcoming sin, believers may read and understand truth from the Bible itself, though understanding is difficult, so the means used to guide individual believers to the true teaching is often mutual discussion within the church (clarity).


Premise: What facet of the capital city was emulated by other urban centers in the Roman Republic?

Hypothesis: The Roman concrete has remained a riddle, and even after more than 2,000 years some Roman structures still stand magnificently.


Premise: On what date did Delacroix write a letter based on his visit at Nohant?

Hypothesis: Delacroix gives an account of staying at Nohant in a letter of 7 June 1842:


Premise: Who does the Governing Body direct?

Hypothesis: The organization is led by the Governing Body—an all-male group that varies in size, but since early 2014 has comprised seven members,[note 1] all of whom profess to be of the "anointed" class with a hope of heavenly life—based in the Watch Tower Society's Brooklyn headquarters.


Premise: Holden acknowledges that defectors are seldom allowed a what from the church?

Hypothesis: However, he also states that defectors "are seldom allowed a dignified exit", and describes the administration as autocratic.


Premise: What organization has produced annual masquerade balls in Oslo since 1988?

Hypothesis: From 1863, the artist federation kunstnerforeningen held annual Carnival balls in the old Freemasons lodge, which inspired Johan Svendsens compositions "Norsk Kunstnerkarneval" and "Karneval in Paris".


Premise: How high is Granite Peak?

Hypothesis: It contains the highest point in the state, Granite Peak, 12,799 feet (3,901 m) high.


Premise: Illegal voter registration, the miscounting of votes, and what at polls is considered voter fraud?

Hypothesis: Acts of fraud affect vote counts to bring about an election result, whether by increasing the vote share of the favored candidate, depressing the vote share of the rival candidates, or both.


Premise: What is the name of the newspaper printed every day by the University of Kansas?

Hypothesis: The school newspaper of the University of Kansas is University Daily Kansan, which placed first in the Intercollegiate Writing Competition of the prestigious William Randolph Hearst Writing Foundation competition, often called "The Pulitzers of College Journalism" in 2007.


Premise: How many school and universities are in NYC?

Hypothesis: New York City's higher education network comprises over 120 colleges and universities, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, which have been ranked among the top 35 in the world.


Premise: ASCII specifies correspondence between what?

Hypothesis: Before ASCII was developed, the encodings in use included 26 alphabetic characters, 10 numerical digits, and from 11 to 25 special graphic symbols.


Premise: How much of Tucson's water is used on residential/city use?

Hypothesis: The state manages all water in Arizona through its Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR).


Premise: About how many billionaires call London home?

Hypothesis: London ranks as one of the most expensive cities in the world, alongside Tokyo and Moscow.


Premise: Who censured Kant for his agnostic tautology?

Hypothesis: Yet he attacks the idealism of Schopenhauer and Descartes with an argument similar to Kant's critique of the latter (see above).


Premise: Who believes there are innumerable other Buddhas in other universes?

Hypothesis: In addition, Mahayana Buddhists believe there are innumerable other Buddhas in other universes.


Premise: In scanners, what do stepper motors move?

Hypothesis: Likewise, many computer plotters (which since the early 1990s have been replaced with large-format inkjet and laser printers) used rotary stepper motors for pen and platen movement; the typical alternatives here were either linear stepper motors or servomotors with closed-loop analog control systems.


Premise: Who was first to sequence a DNA-based genome?

Hypothesis: The next year Fred Sanger completed the first DNA-genome sequence: Phage Φ-X174, of 5386 base pairs.


Premise: What does not rule out infection?

Hypothesis: The review showed that the most useful finding is an increase in the level of pain [likelihood ratio (LR) range, 11-20] makes infection much more likely, but the absence of pain (negative likelihood ratio range, 0.64-0.88) does not rule out infection (summary LR 0.64-0.88).


Premise: On what planet can you find  protonated molecular hydrogen?

Hypothesis: A molecular form called protonated molecular hydrogen (H+_3) is found in the interstellar medium, where it is generated by ionization of molecular hydrogen from cosmic rays.


Premise: What size of window is found above the main portal at York Minster?

Hypothesis: In France there is generally a rose window like that at Reims Cathedral.


Premise: How long was a typical workday for Nasser?

Hypothesis: He maintained 18-hour workdays and rarely took time off for vacations.


Premise: Around how many ships were sent into service from Greek cities?

Hypothesis: During the civil war that followed, as many as a thousand ships were either constructed or pressed into service from Greek cities.


Premise: Most African descent in Brazil came from what sort of congress?

Hypothesis: This is not surprising, though: While the greatest number of slaves imported from Africa were sent to Brazil, totalizing roughly 3.5 million people, they lived in such miserable conditions that male African Y-DNA there is significantly rare due to the lack of resources and time involved with raising of children, so that most African descent originarily came from relations between white masters and female slaves.


Premise: Who was the architect behind the Manuscript Society building?

Hypothesis: Yale's secret society buildings (some of which are called "tombs") were built both to be private yet unmistakable.


Premise: Who wrote Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua china?

Hypothesis: Xiamen University has also developed an alphabet based on Pinyin, which has been published in a dictionary called the Minnan Fangyan-Putonghua Cidian (閩南方言普通話詞典) and a language teaching book, which is used to teach the language to foreigners and Chinese non-speakers.


Premise: As of 2004, how many Nobel Prize winners had roots in New York institutions?

Hypothesis: New York City has the most post-graduate life sciences degrees awarded annually in the United States, with 127 Nobel laureates having roots in local institutions as of 2004; while in 2012, 43,523 licensed physicians were practicing in New York City.


Premise: Who was Queen Victoria's successor after her death?

Hypothesis: Her son and successor King Edward VII, and her eldest grandson, Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany, were at her deathbed.


Premise: What was the main benefit from the switch to HTML5?

Hypothesis: This allowed videos to be viewed without requiring Adobe Flash Player or any other plug-in to be installed.


Premise: Who was allowed to teach a liberal Bible interpretation?

Hypothesis: Hugo Grotius was able to teach his natural-law theory and a relatively liberal interpretation of the Bible.


Premise: What did they fear would happen?

Hypothesis: They feared a loss in political and economic power if African Americans abandoned their one category.


Premise: What is the main performing arts venue in Egyptian capital?

Hypothesis: The Cairo Opera House serves as the main performing arts venue in the Egyptian capital.


Premise: What are other schools regarded as within Hindu philosophy?

Hypothesis: While Buddhism and Jainism are considered distinct philosophies and religions, some heterodox traditions such as Cārvāka are often considered as distinct schools within Hindu philosophy.


Premise: Most accept that Buddha lived and taught in what type of order?

Hypothesis: Most accept that he lived, taught and founded a monastic order, but do not consistently accept all of the details contained in his biographies.


Premise: What hinders export?

Hypothesis: Export trade is hindered by poor economic development and the country's landlocked position.[citation needed]


Premise: When was the Limes Germanicus breached?

Hypothesis: The Limes Germanicus was breached in AD 260.


Premise: By the time the system appeared at E3 2006, how many Ethernet ports was it down to?

Hypothesis: The initial prototype shown in May 2005 featured two HDMI ports, three Ethernet ports and six USB ports; however, when the system was shown again a year later at E3 2006, these were reduced to one HDMI port, one Ethernet port and four USB ports, presumably to cut costs.


Premise: What was Crassus agree to receive in the First Triumvirate agreement?

Hypothesis: The Senate, elated by its successes against Catiline, refused to ratify the arrangements that Pompey had made.


Premise: At what time was Secunderabad an important sport center?

Hypothesis: In more recent times, motorsports has become popular with the Andhra Pradesh Motor Sports Club organising popular events such as the Deccan ¼ Mile Drag, TSD Rallies and 4x4 off-road rallying.


Premise: In what language is Saint-Barthélemy abbreviate St. Barts?

Hypothesis: Saint-Barthélemy, French pronunciation: [sɛ̃baʁtelemi]), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy (French: Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Barthélemy), is an overseas collectivity of France.


Premise: With what method is royal assent generally granted?

Hypothesis: In the United Kingdom, for instance, the sovereign may appear personally in the House of Lords or may appoint Lords Commissioners, who announce that royal assent has been granted at a ceremony held at the Palace of Westminster.


Premise: What do contemporary scholars feel the post-punk period contributed in hindsight?

Hypothesis: Contemporary scholars have argued to the contrary, asserting that the period produced significant innovations and music on its own.


Premise: What was the annual real growth of urbanites in Zhejiang in 2009?

Hypothesis: In recent years Zhejiang has followed its own development model, dubbed the "Zhejiang model", which is based on prioritizing and encouraging entrepreneurship, an emphasis on small businesses responsive to the whims of the market, large public investments into infrastructure, and the production of low-cost goods in bulk for both domestic consumption and export.


Premise: Why must High-power LEDs be mounted on a heat sink?

Hypothesis: If the heat from a HP-LED is not removed, the device will fail in seconds.


Premise: What is the name of the scholarship is funded by Yale?

Hypothesis: The city is home to New Haven Promise, a scholarship funded by Yale University for students who meet the requirements.


Premise: Who edited the Polish "National Edition" of Chopin's works?

Hypothesis: His works soon began to appear in popular 19th-century piano anthologies.


Premise: The parliament in Berlin is called what?

Hypothesis: The parliament for Berlin is called the Abgeordnetenhaus (House of Representatives), while Bremen and Hamburg both have a Bürgerschaft.


Premise: What happens to a multilateral treaty's rights and obligations among the other parties when just one party withdraws?

Hypothesis: If a state party's withdrawal is successful, its obligations under that treaty are considered terminated, and withdrawal by one party from a bilateral treaty of course terminates the treaty.


Premise: Whose consent do the states need to make international treaties?

Hypothesis: Though international relations including international treaties are primarily the responsibility of the federal level, the constituent states have certain limited powers in this area: in matters that affect them directly, the states defend their interests at the federal level through the Bundesrat (literally Federal Council, the upper house of the German Federal Parliament) and in areas where they have legislative authority they have limited powers to conclude international treaties "with the consent of the federal government".


Premise: What was the name of DeCarlo's main character in his humorous teen series?

Hypothesis: Atlas, rather than innovate, took a proven route of following popular trends in television and movies—Westerns and war dramas prevailing for a time, drive-in movie monsters another time—and even other comic books, particularly the EC horror line.


Premise: which two cult sites had widespread infuence?

Hypothesis: In cult practice, Delian Apollo and Pythian Apollo (the Apollo of Delphi) were so distinct that they might both have shrines in the same locality.


Premise: How many miles does the average student at Notre Dame travel to study there?

Hypothesis: Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States.


Premise: Who was the Republican presidential candidate in 1964?

Hypothesis: However, his endorsement came somewhat reluctantly because Goldwater had attacked the former president as "a dime-store New Dealer".


Premise: When did the NBA play preseason games against the ABA?

Hypothesis: However, from 1971 to 1975, NBA teams played preseason exhibitions against American Basketball Association teams.


Premise: How many unique downloads had there been from the PlayStation Store by late 2009?

Hypothesis: The PSP store is also available via the PC application, Media Go.


Premise: At what age did BYU's elected president in 1904, George H. Brimhall, receive his high school education?

Hypothesis: He had not received a high school education until he was forty.


Premise: What kind of human life-style is pushing hunter-gatherers out of their environment?

Hypothesis: Areas that were formerly available to hunter-gatherers were—and continue to be—encroached upon by the settlements of agriculturalists.


Premise: What happened in several countries in response to Shell's April 2010 announcement?

Hypothesis: In several countries such as Tunisia, protests and strikes broke out.


Premise: Who is said to have ran the first shop?

Hypothesis: His name has been put forth as Gennaro Vinaccia (active c. 1710 to c. 1788) and Nic. Vinaccia.


Premise: Where did the attack occur?

Hypothesis: On October 15, several thousand people gathered in Chervonohrad, Chernivtsi, Rivne, and Zhytomyr; 500 in Dnipropetrovsk; and 30,000 in Lviv to protest the election law.


Premise: What element of On the Origin of Species ensured that the book would be taken seriously by scientists?

Hypothesis: James T. Costa said that because the book was an abstract produced in haste in response to Wallace's essay, it was more approachable than the big book on natural selection Darwin had been working on, which would have been encumbered by scholarly footnotes and much more technical detail.


Premise: What was Spielberg's first full TV episode to direct?

Hypothesis: After this, and an episode of Marcus Welby, M.D., Spielberg got his first feature-length assignment: an episode of The Name of the Game called "L.A. 2017".


Premise: Which is the smallest version of the iPod?

Hypothesis: The iPod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc.


Premise: What is the name of infamous historical person who played an important role on Power House Day?

Hypothesis: On 23 April 1775, which is still celebrated in New Haven as Powder House Day, the Second Company, Governor's Foot Guard, of New Haven entered the struggle against the governing British parliament.


Premise: When did Ally Sloper first appear?

Hypothesis: On occasion the cartoons in these magazines appeared in sequences; the character Ally Sloper featured in the earliest serialized comic strip when the character began to feature in its own weekly magazine in 1884.


Premise: Has these dangers caused and increase or decrease in child labour with drug cartels?

Hypothesis: Yet despite the hazards that come with working with drug dealers, there has been an increase in this area of employment throughout the country.


Premise: What do the special forces support?

Hypothesis: The command includes Joint Task Force 2 (JTF2), the Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit (CJIRU) based at CFB Trenton, as well as the Canadian Special Operations Regiment (CSOR) and 427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron (SOAS) based at CFB Petawawa.


Premise: What promises did Menzies make in the 1949 election?

Hypothesis: After an initial loss to Labor at the 1946 election, Menzies led the Liberals to victory at the 1949 election, and the party stayed in office for a record 23 years—still the longest unbroken run in government at the federal level.


Premise: Compared to hickory and ash, what adjective might be used for a maple baseball bat?

Hypothesis: For example, cricket bats are typically made of white willow.


Premise: What is the total area of Boston?

Hypothesis: The highest point in Boston is Bellevue Hill at 330 feet (100 m) above sea level, and the lowest point is at sea level.


Premise: What name did Armenia gain it's name from?

Hypothesis: He relates that the people spoke a language that to his ear sounded like the language of the Persians.


Premise: Based on the above definition, materialism is not consistent with what?

Hypothesis: According to the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1907-1912, materialism, defined as "a philosophical system which regards matter as the only reality in the world [...] denies the existence of God and the soul".


Premise: What is the precipitation average in the Intermontane plateaus?

Hypothesis: The Great Basin and Columbia Plateau (the Intermontane Plateaus) are arid or semiarid regions that lie in the rain shadow of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada.


Premise: What was the foundation for spirituality and church ?

Hypothesis: The works of Homer (i.e. Iliad and Odyssey) and Hesiod (i.e. Theogony) were written in the 8th century BC, becoming the basis of the national religion, ethos, history and mythology.


Premise: What conflicts can be attributed to Disraeli's stance on foreign policy?

Hypothesis: Victoria saw the expansion of the British Empire as civilising and benign, protecting native peoples from more aggressive powers or cruel rulers: "It is not in our custom to annexe countries", she said, "unless we are obliged & forced to do so."


Premise: Have the origins of the szlachta been clear or obscure?

Hypothesis: The origins of the szlachta, while ancient, have always been considered obscure.:207 As a result, its members often referred to it as odwieczna (perennial).:207 Two popular historic theories of origin forwarded by its members and earlier historians and chroniclers involved descent from the ancient Iranian tribes known as Sarmatians or from Japheth, one of Noah's sons


Premise: In what year did Marshall and Gilbert go to the islands?

Hypothesis: The islands were named for Marshall on Western charts, although the natives have historically named their home "jolet


Premise: Who swings sticks or flags to drive game out?

Hypothesis: When in position, "beaters" move through the areas of cover, swinging sticks or flags to drive the game out.


Premise: What single year did Windows 95 use to apply rules to Israel's time changes?

Hypothesis: The 2005 Israeli Daylight Saving Law established predictable rules using the Jewish calendar but Windows zone files could not represent the rules' dates in a year-independent way.


Premise: What general was defeated in 1920?

Hypothesis: The majority of the fighting ended in 1920 with the defeat of General Pyotr Wrangel in the Crimea, but a notable resistance in certain areas continued until 1923 (e.g., Kronstadt Uprising, Tambov Rebellion, Basmachi Revolt, and the final resistance of the White movement in the Far East).


Premise: What country did Richelieu serve as prime minister for?

Hypothesis: The first actual usage of the term prime minister or Premier Ministre[citation needed] was used by Cardinal Richelieu when in 1625 he was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France.


Premise: The Ottoman army was among the first to use what two pieces of weapons technology?

Hypothesis: The Ottoman army was once among the most advanced fighting forces in the world, being one of the first to use muskets and cannons.


Premise: What type of desalination is used on Funafuti?

Hypothesis: R/O water is only intended to be produced when storage falls below 30%, however demand to replenish household storage supplies with tanker-delivered water means that the R/O desalination units are continually operating.


Premise: In what century did Darwin write?

Hypothesis: Perspectives on emotions from evolutionary theory were initiated in the late 19th century with Charles Darwin's book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals.


Premise: Did Liberius sympathize with Athanasius?

Hypothesis: For two years Liberius had been favourable to the cause of Athanasius; but driven at last into exile, he was induced to sign an ambiguous formula, from which the great Nicene text, the "homoousion", had been studiously omitted.


Premise: What effect did the Nazi eugenics program have on racial essentialism?

Hypothesis: After the Nazi eugenics program, racial essentialism lost widespread popularity.


Premise: What did France start transmissions with in 1949?

Hypothesis: The system was monochrome only, and was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel.


Premise: Who was the chief financial correspondent of The New York Times in March 2009?

Hypothesis: He says the Dow Jones average's fall of more than 50% over a period of 17 months is similar to a 54.7% fall in the Great Depression, followed by a total drop of 89% over the following 16 months.


Premise: Which empires grew during the 18th century?

Hypothesis: The Qing response, successful for a time, was in 1756 to establish the Canton System, which restricted maritime trade to that city and gave monopoly trading rights to private Chinese merchants.


Premise: What does the zinc coins ingested by dogs cause?

Hypothesis: The zinc content of some coins can cause zinc toxicity, which is commonly fatal in dogs, where it causes a severe hemolytic anemia, and also liver or kidney damage; vomiting and diarrhea are possible symptoms.


Premise: How long did Lord Salisbury remain as Prime Minister?

Hypothesis: His government was weak, and the following year Lord Salisbury replaced him.


Premise: What is the name of the desert that is located in the driest region in the US?

Hypothesis: The Mojave Desert, in the southwest, is home to the driest locale in the U.S.


Premise: How many periods of geology are within the Paleozoic era?

Hypothesis: Throughout the early Paleozoic, the Earth's landmass was broken up into a substantial number of relatively small continents.


Premise: On what date did the Mau demonstrate on the streets of Apia?

Hypothesis: Nelson was eventually exiled during the late 1920s and early 1930s, but he continued to assist the organisation financially and politically.


Premise: What is the occupation of Trevor Francis?

Hypothesis: The Right Stuff, and fictional President Bennett in Clear and Present Danger, was born in Plymouth.


Premise: Which religious group holds the Eid ul-Fitr festival in Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: The mixing of religions has also resulted in many festivals being celebrated in Hyderabad such as Ganesh Chaturthi, Diwali and Bonalu of Hindu tradition and Eid ul-Fitr and Eid al-Adha by Muslims.


Premise: What is the method called that mixes red, green, and blue colors to form white light?

Hypothesis: Hence the method is called multi-color white LEDs (sometimes referred to as RGB LEDs).


Premise: How many birds are routinely raised in the world for the consumption process?

Hypothesis: Worldwide, more chickens are kept than any other type of poultry, with over 50 billion birds being raised each year as a source of meat and eggs.


Premise: What is an example of a corporate sponsor of a basketball team?

Hypothesis: They played travelling teams made up of former college players on teams such as Athletes in Action or a team sponsored by Marathon Oil.


Premise: What is Trubetzkoy considered to have founded?

Hypothesis: Another important figure in the Prague school was Roman Jakobson, who was one of the most prominent linguists of the 20th century.


Premise: What type of mandolin was becoming popular by 1930's?

Hypothesis: By the 1930s, single mandolins were becoming more commonly used in southern string band music, most notably by brother duets such as the sedate Blue Sky Boys (Bill Bolick and Earl Bolick) and the more hard-driving Monroe Brothers (Bill Monroe and Charlie Monroe).


Premise: Which native did O'Brien marry?

Hypothesis: O'Brien was the first European to settle in Tuvalu, he became a trader on Funafuti in the 1850s.


Premise: Isoniazid is one of the two most popular drugs for TB treatment; what's the other one?

Hypothesis: The two antibiotics most commonly used are isoniazid and rifampicin, and treatments can be prolonged, taking several months.


Premise: After fighting for weeks, what did the Russians continue to have control over?

Hypothesis: Several weeks of fighting saw little change in the front line, and the Mamelon remained in Russian hands.


Premise: What concepts overlook the experiential nature of basic elements?

Hypothesis: These "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world.


Premise: How many floors does the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market's parking garage have?

Hypothesis: The Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market, in the West Bronx, is a shopping center that encompasses less than one million square feet of retail space, built on a 17 acres (7 ha) site that formerly held the Bronx Terminal Market, a wholesale fruit and vegetable market as well as the former Bronx House of Detention, south of Yankee Stadium.


Premise: When is it preferable to consider two group elements to be the same?

Hypothesis: In many situations it is desirable to consider two group elements the same if they differ by an element of a given subgroup.


Premise: What large site is run by Yale, in conjunction with New Haven and the state, situated three blocks away from Yale's Science hill campus?

Hypothesis: Yale and New Haven are working to build a medical and biotechnology research hub in the city and Greater New Haven region, and are succeeding to some extent.[citation needed]


Premise: Whose opinion on the spouse of an arranged marriage was considered to be more important?

Hypothesis: For example, there were different accepted time frames for mourning the death of a father versus a paternal uncle.


Premise: How large is the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve?

Hypothesis: With 39,000 acres (158 km2), the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in north-central Oklahoma is the largest protected area of tallgrass prairie in the world and is part of an ecosystem that encompasses only 10 percent of its former land area, once covering 14 states.


Premise: What net electric charge are capacitors assumed to have?

Hypothesis: In SI units, a capacitance of one farad means that one coulomb of charge on each conductor causes a voltage of one volt across the device.


Premise: Who oversees the Boston Public Schools?

Hypothesis: The School Committee, which oversees the Boston Public Schools, is appointed by the mayor.


Premise: Is religion also represented on this cloth symbol of the Greek?

Hypothesis: The most widely used symbol is the flag of Greece, which features nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white representing the nine syllables of the Greek national motto Eleftheria


Premise: The Three Jewels are preceived as possessed of an eternal and unchanging what?

Hypothesis: In Mahayana, too, the Three Jewels are perceived as possessed of an eternal and unchanging essence and as having an irreversible effect: "The Three Jewels have the quality of excellence.


Premise: How big is Valencia's historic centre?

Hypothesis: Its historic centre is one of the largest in Spain, with approximately 169 hectares; this heritage of ancient monuments, views and cultural attractions makes Valencia one of the country's most popular tourist destinations.


Premise: How many excited states does 73Zn have?

Hypothesis: The isotopes 65Zn, 71Zn, 77Zn and 78Zn each have only one excited state.


Premise: What are the two official languages of Israel?

Hypothesis: Israel has two official languages, Hebrew and Arabic.


Premise: What was Jacobi's improved motor used to propel?

Hypothesis: His second motor was powerful enough to drive a boat with 14 people across a wide river.


Premise: What device did Herschel use to discover the infrared?

Hypothesis: The discovery of infrared radiation is ascribed to William Herschel, the astronomer, in the early 19th century.


Premise: What is the dominate one in a chimpanzee group?

Hypothesis: One of humanity's two closest primate relatives, chimpanzees, are anything but egalitarian, forming themselves into hierarchies that are often dominated by an alpha male.


Premise: To what mountainous area is Antarctica geologically similar?

Hypothesis: The only anomalous area of West Antarctica is the Ellsworth Mountains region, where the stratigraphy is more similar to East Antarctica.


Premise: What is the population of Melbourne?

Hypothesis: It has a population of 4,347,955 as of 2013, and its inhabitants are called Melburnians.


Premise: With what is Europa associated??

Hypothesis: If life is discovered in Lake Vostok, it would strengthen the argument for the possibility of life on Europa.


Premise: How many days after gay marriage was legalized were gay marriages allowed to take place?

Hypothesis: Same-sex marriages in New York were legalized on June 24, 2011 and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter.


Premise: From what origin did the Ottoman empire come to be?

Hypothesis: There were only two attempts in Ottoman history to unseat the ruling Ottoman dynasty, both failures, which suggests a political system that for an extended period was able to manage its revolutions without unnecessary instability.


Premise: What Assemblyman playfully tried to measure Schwarzenegger's height?

Hypothesis: Prior to running for Governor, Schwarzenegger's height was once again questioned in an article by the Chicago Reader.


Premise: When did Roald Amundsen reach the geographic south pole?

Hypothesis: During the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907, parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole.


Premise: Who appoints a judge?

Hypothesis: If a court's judges do not have such attributes, the court may not exercise the judicial power of the United States.


Premise: What was the National Military Establishment renamed in 1949?

Hypothesis: The act created the National Military Establishment (renamed Department of Defense in 1949), which was composed of three subordinate Military Departments, namely the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the newly created Department of the Air Force.


Premise: What happens when sunlight shines on a solar balloon?

Hypothesis: As sunlight shines on the balloon, the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force, much like an artificially heated hot air balloon.


Premise: What was Britain's foreign policy called?

Hypothesis: In Britain's "imperial century", victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival, other than Russia in central Asia.


Premise: When were the Benedictine monks required to maintain a charity school?

Hypothesis: The Choir School educates and trains the choirboys who sing for services in the Abbey.


Premise: It is believed that parasitoids account for what percentage of the total insect population?

Hypothesis: However, unlike parasites, they are very similar to true predators in that the fate of their prey is quite inevitably death.


Premise: Who did Nasser promote to armed forces commander?

Hypothesis: Nasser was forced to acquiesce, but delayed Naguib's reinstatement until 4 March, allowing him to promote Amer to Commander of the Armed Forces—a position formerly occupied by Naguib.


Premise: When did Napoleon divorce Josephine?

Hypothesis: On 20 March 1811, Marie Louise gave birth to a baby boy, whom Napoleon made heir apparent and bestowed the title of King of Rome.


Premise: In what year did the Hungarian Revolution take place?

Hypothesis: Russia had assisted Austria's efforts in suppressing the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, and expected gratitude; it wanted a free hand in settling its problems with the Ottoman Empire — the "sick man of Europe".


Premise: What group were the Hashimiyya a sect of?

Hypothesis: The Hashimiyya movement (a sub-sect of the Kaysanites Shia), led by the Abbasid family, overthrew the Umayyad caliphate.


Premise: What is the first step in the human digestive system?

Hypothesis: This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.


Premise: When did Eritrea join a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethipia and Eritrea?

Hypothesis: In 1947 Eritrea became part of a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea.


Premise: Which artist made Bobby Troup's song famous?

Hypothesis: Soon after, the capital was moved from Guthrie to Oklahoma City.


Premise: Gregory Howard Williams wrote what type of book?

Hypothesis: Some biographical accounts include the autobiography Life on the Color Line:


Premise: Where is the highest point in the British Isles?

Hypothesis: There are a number of major rivers within the British Isles.


Premise: What can happen when antibiotics are used with other drugs?

Hypothesis: Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated.


Premise: What nearly was known as the original 'Christian faith'?

Hypothesis: In the region the "Pravoslav faith" (православная вера - Orthodox faith) or "Russian faith" (русская вера) from earliest times became almost as known as the original "Christian faith" (христианская, крестьянская вера).


Premise: During what century did Portugal devote itself to overseas expansion?

Hypothesis: In modern-day Germany, the Holy Roman Empire continued to rule, but the elective nature of the imperial crown meant there was no enduring dynasty around which a strong state could form.


Premise: How many million square miles was the Umayyad caliphate at its largest size?

Hypothesis: At its greatest extent, the Umayyad Caliphate covered 15 million km2 (5.79 million square miles), making it the largest empire (in terms of area - not in terms of population)


Premise: What happens to the natural carcidan cycle when light-dark patterns are disrupted?

Hypothesis: The human circadian system is entrained to a 24-hour light-dark pattern that mimics the earth’s natural light/dark pattern.


Premise: When was the Nea Moni Monastery established?

Hypothesis: The Nea Moni Monastery on Chios was established by Constantine Monomachos in 1043–1056.


Premise: The flexibility of what segment could support economic growth in Samoa?

Hypothesis: The Samoan government has called for deregulation of the financial sector, encouragement of investment, and continued fiscal discipline.[citation needed]


Premise: What was youtube's revenue as estimated in 2008?

Hypothesis: In 2012, YouTube's revenue from its ads program was estimated at 3.7 billion.


Premise: What was the population of Tuscon in 2006?

Hypothesis: Over the following years the city continued to grow, with the population increasing to 20,292 in 1920 and 36,818 in 1940.


Premise: When was NESticle released?

Hypothesis: NESticle, a popular MS-DOS emulator, was released on April 3, 1997.


Premise: Approximately how many active TB cases were there in 2012?

Hypothesis: In 2012, an estimated 8.6 million chronic cases were active.


Premise: What distinction does Czech have in Slovakia?

Hypothesis: Czech, the official language of the Czech Republic (a member of the European Union since 2004), is one of the EU's official languages and the 2012 Eurobarometer survey found that Czech was the foreign language most often used in Slovakia.


Premise: What live animals did they keep in the Bärengraben?

Hypothesis: The earliest reference to the keeping of live bears in the Bärengraben dates to the 1440s.


Premise: What did the interrogation provoke Nasser to do?

Hypothesis: The interrogation pushed Nasser to speed up his group's activities.


Premise: Who took El Cid's position after his death?

Hypothesis: The Castilian nobleman Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, known as El Cid, who was intent on possessing his own principality on the Mediterranean, entered the province in command of a combined Christian and Moorish army and besieged the city beginning in 1092.


Premise: what is another word for availability of telephone lines?

Hypothesis: Despite their rivalry, several of these companies signed an interconnectivity deal in 2005 that allows them to set prices, maintain and expand their networks, and ensure that competition does not get out of control.


Premise: When was a new sarcophagus made for him?

Hypothesis: His body was escorted south by a company of mercenaries and he was buried in Worcester Cathedral in front of the altar of St Wulfstan.


Premise: How many times have Premier League teams have won the Champions League since 1992-2013?

Hypothesis: The FIFA Club World Cup (or the FIFA Club World Championship, as it was originally called) has been won by Premier league clubs once


Premise: How often do serialized comics typically appear in Japanese magazines?

Hypothesis: European and Japanese comics are frequently serialized in magazines—monthly or weekly in Europe, and usually black-and-white and weekly in Japan.


Premise: What charter directly affected a women's right to serve in the CAF?

Hypothesis: The roles of women in the CAF began to expand in 1971, after the Department reviewed the recommendations of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women, at which time it lifted the ceiling of 1,500 women personnel, and gradually expanded employment opportunities into the non-traditional areas—vehicle drivers and mechanics, aircraft mechanics, air-traffic controllers, military police, and firefighters.


Premise: What is computer security also known as?

Hypothesis: It includes controlling physical access to the hardware, as well as protecting against harm that may come via network access, data and code injection, and due to malpractice by operators, whether intentional, accidental, or due to them being tricked into deviating from secure procedures.


Premise: Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar attempted to create a single combined document with all Buddhist principles and called it?

Hypothesis: Other such efforts have persisted to present day, but currently there is no single text that represents all Buddhist traditions.


Premise: What three protien subunites are in the chennel transupport system?

Hypothesis: In a channel transupport system, several proteins form a contiguous channel traversing the inner and outer membranes of the bacteria.


Premise: What is the city of Valencia the capital of?

Hypothesis: Valencia (/vəˈlɛnsiə/; Spanish: [baˈlenθja]), or València (Valencian: [vaˈlensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre.


Premise: What annual event at BYU is carried out in memory of former president Rex E. Lee, who built the Museum of Art on campus?

Hypothesis: A cancer victim, Lee is memorialized annually at BYU during a cancer fundraiser called the Rex Lee Run.


Premise: Progressive house blended sounds were prominent in the song "Marry the Night" by what popular artist?

Hypothesis: The growing popularity of such artists led to the emergence of electro house and progressive house blended sounds in popular music, such as singles Lady Gaga's "Marry the Night", The Black Eyed Peas' "


Premise: When did Pietro Gasparri summon him to the Vatican?

Hypothesis: Roncalli was initially reluctant about a mission to Bulgaria, but he would soon relent.


Premise: What did the company call themselves after the  merger?

Hypothesis: Out of the "Big Three" record companies, with Universal Music Group being the largest and Warner Music Group, SME is middle-sized.


Premise: What building known for its bronze-tinted I-beams was completed in 1957?

Hypothesis: The Art Deco style of the Chrysler Building (1930) and Empire State Building (1931), with their tapered tops and steel spires, reflected the zoning requirements.


Premise: The more pressure applied to the handle caused what?

Hypothesis: The harder the pressure, the faster the elevator would move.


Premise: When are some essential genes expressed?

Hypothesis: Since their expression is constant, housekeeping genes are used as experimental controls when analysing gene expression.


Premise: What company operates Sears Mexico?

Hypothesis: Wal-Mart operates Suburbia for lower income shoppers, along with stores under the brand names of Wal-Mart, Bodega Aurrera, and Superama.


Premise: What is the first step to read the information encoded in a gene's DNA and produce the protein it specifies?

Hypothesis: In all organisms, two steps are required to read the information encoded in a gene's DNA and produce the protein it specifies.


Premise: What company produces more coffee than any other in Samoa?

Hypothesis: WSTEC is the biggest coffee producer.


Premise: Who was Chopin's physician?

Hypothesis: His death certificate gave the cause as tuberculosis, and his physician, Jean Cruveilhier, was then the leading French authority on this disease.


Premise: What process signals the need for the prime minister to resign in Australia?

Hypothesis: /he loses the majority support of his/her party under a spill motion as have many such as Tony Abbott, Julia Gillard and Kevin Rudd.


Premise: What do mountainous regions have that make their ecosystems particularly fragile?

Hypothesis: Switzerland's ecosystems can be particularly fragile, because the many delicate valleys separated by high mountains often form unique ecologies.


Premise: On what date was Hyderabad state divided into three?

Hypothesis: On 1 November 1956 the states of India were reorganised by language.


Premise: Who gave Spectre a perfect rating in The Daily Telegraph?

Hypothesis: In another five star review, The Daily Telegraph's Robbie Collin described Spectre as "a swaggering show of confidence'", lauding it as "a feat of pure cinematic necromancy."


Premise: Diarrheal disease has what effects on a person?

Hypothesis: Further, evidence suggests that diarrheal disease has significant impacts on mental development and health; it has been shown that, even when controlling for helminth infection and early breastfeeding, children who had experienced severe diarrhea had significantly lower scores on a series of tests of intelligence.


Premise: What company commissioned the program that created the Western Docks?

Hypothesis: The Western Docks date from the 1930s when the Southern Railway Company commissioned a major land reclamation and dredging programme.


Premise: How should risk levels have been disclosed according to several scholars?

Hypothesis: Several scholars have argued that a lack of transparency about banks' risk exposures prevented markets from correctly pricing risk before the crisis, enabled the mortgage market to grow larger than it otherwise would have, and made the financial crisis far more disruptive than it would have been if risk levels had been disclosed in a straightforward, readily understandable format.


Premise: What did the Supreme Court uphold in Everson v. Board of Education?

Hypothesis: The incorporation of the First Amendment establishment clause in the landmark case of Everson v. Board of Education has impacted the subsequent interpretation of the separation of church and state in regard to the state governments.


Premise: What part of a halogen light bulb supplies electric current?

Hypothesis: An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a wire filament heated to a high temperature, by passing an electric current through it, until it glows with visible light (incandescence).


Premise: What percentage of Mexico City's population was indigenous in 1921?

Hypothesis: According to the 1921 census, 54.78% of the city's population was considered Mestizo (Indigenous mixed with European), 22.79% considered European, and 18.74% considered Indigenous.


Premise: What would be found with higher recorded volumes?

Hypothesis: Also, the higher track density at lower volumes enabled disk recordings to end farther away from the disk center than usual, helping to reduce endtrack distortion even further.


Premise: What did Whitehead believe was necessary for an entity to have meaning and value?

Hypothesis: In other words, the universe is a community which makes itself whole through the relatedness of each individual entity to all the others – meaning and value do not exist for the individual alone, but only in the context of the universal community.


Premise: The Grecian islands in the 14th century were under the control of who?

Hypothesis: The re-establishment of the Byzantine imperial capital in Constantinople in 1261 was accompanied by the empire's recovery of much of the Greek peninsula, although the Frankish Principality of Achaea in the Peloponnese and the rival Greek Despotate of Epirus in the north both remained important regional powers into the 14th century, while the islands remained largely under Genoese and Venetian control.


Premise: Who is the only exception from whom Hayek claims to have learned more than he did from Popper?

Hypothesis: Their friendship and mutual admiration, however, do not change the fact that there are important differences between their ideas.


Premise: What's the approximate number of students in Germany who are enrolled in a university of technology?

Hypothesis: Saxony and Lower Saxony have the highest counts of TUs, while in Saxony three out of four universities are universities of technology.


Premise: When she was born, where in the order of succession was Elizabeth?

Hypothesis: Although her birth generated public interest, she was not expected to become queen, as the Prince of Wales was still young, and many assumed that he would marry and have children of his own.


Premise: What was Elizabeth's nickname when she was young?

Hypothesis: She was baptised by the Anglican Archbishop of York, Cosmo Gordon Lang, in the private chapel of Buckingham Palace on 29 May,[c] and named Elizabeth after her mother, Alexandra after George V's mother, who had died six months earlier, and Mary after her paternal grandmother.


Premise: What was the GDP of the state as of 2011?

Hypothesis: The state has the 12th-largest state economy in Mexico, accounting for 2.7% of the country’s GDP.


Premise: What is the typical ethnicity of artists played on quiet storm stations?

Hypothesis: A format called quiet storm is often included in urban adult contemporary, and is often played during the evening, blending the urban AC and soft AC styles of music.


Premise: Where was Gulag Camp No. 36 located?

Hypothesis: On November 19, 1989, a public gathering in Kiev attracted thousands of mourners, friends and family to the reburial in Ukraine of three inmates of the infamous Gulag Camp No.


Premise: What type of combat was seen for the first time in the history of war?

Hypothesis: Jet fighters confronted each other in air-to-air combat for the first time in history, and Soviet pilots covertly flew in defense of their Communist allies.


Premise: How do penguins migrate?

Hypothesis: Bird migration is not limited to birds that can fly.


Premise: What was the most common historical method of execution in the United States?

Hypothesis: Various methods have been used in the history of the American colonies and the United States but only five methods are currently used.


Premise: Why was tin was rarely used for everyday use?

Hypothesis: However, in the Bronze age, tin was a rare metal and, in many parts of Europe and the Mediterranean, was often valued higher than gold.


Premise: Who is Bern's mayor, or Stadtprasident?

Hypothesis: Any resident of Bern allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Council.


Premise: How many octaves did the Lombardi cover?

Hypothesis: There were 20 frets, covering three octaves, with an additional 5 notes.


Premise: How many miles was the village Frédéric born in located to the west of Warsaw?

Hypothesis: Fryderyk Chopin was born in Żelazowa Wola, 46 kilometres (29 miles) west of Warsaw, in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw, a Polish state established by Napoleon.


Premise: Who was the Byzantine leader at the Battle of Yarmouk?

Hypothesis: The defeat of the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius at the Battle of Yarmouk opened the way for the Muslim expansion into Jerusalem and Syria.


Premise: How do grass and kelp deal with being grazed upon?

Hypothesis: Grazing livestock may pull some grass out at the roots, but most is simply grazed upon, allowing the plant to regrow once again.


Premise: How many seats does the St. John's Arts and Culture theatre have?

Hypothesis: The "Hall" hosts a vibrant and diverse arts community and is regarded as the backbone of artistic infrastructure and development in the downtown.


Premise: What was the samurai's short sword called?

Hypothesis: By the end of the Tokugawa era, samurai were aristocratic bureaucrats for the daimyo, with their daisho, the paired long and short swords of the samurai (cf.


Premise: What invention, for which he is primarily known, did Eli Whitney develop in New Haven?

Hypothesis: The factory is now the Eli Whitney Museum, which has a particular emphasis on activities for children and exhibits pertaining to the A. C. Gilbert Company.


Premise: Many companies who handle wrestling footage have been founded since what decade?

Hypothesis: Since the 1990s, many companies have been founded which deal primarily in wrestling footage.


Premise: Who started a forum in support of Morales' legal process of change?

Hypothesis: Representatives from indigenous and rural organizations from major South American countries, including Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Chile and Brazil, started a forum in support of Morales' legal process of change.


Premise: What are the touloulous' dance partners not allowed to do?

Hypothesis: The touloulous pick their dance partners, who may not refuse.


Premise: How many people are listed as missing?

Hypothesis: Official figures (as of July 21, 2008 12:00 CST) stated that 69,197 were confirmed dead, including 68,636 in Sichuan province, and 374,176 injured, with 18,222 listed as missing.


Premise: What is the Russian term for air defence?

Hypothesis: In Russian the AA systems are called zenitnye (i.e. "pointing to zenith")


Premise: Prior to the naming of Miami, what was the area around Miami called?

Hypothesis: The Great Freeze of 1894–95 hastened Miami's growth, as the crops of the Miami area were the only ones in Florida that survived.


Premise: What title did Darwin's book ultimately have?

Hypothesis: An abstract of an Essay on the Origin of Species and Varieties Through natural selection, but with Murray's persuasion it was eventually changed to the snappier title: On the Origin of Species, with the title page adding by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life.


Premise: When did the rebels regain the south-east of England?

Hypothesis: By the end of the summer the rebels had regained the south-east of England and parts of the north.


Premise: What was the beginning date of the aerial raids on Great Britain?

Hypothesis: Between 7 September 1940 and 21 May 1941, 16 British cities suffered aerial raids with at least 100 long tons of high explosives.


Premise: In what form does half of Charleston's annual rainfall occur?

Hypothesis: Measurable snow (≥0.1 in or 0.25 cm) only occurs several times per decade at the most, with the last such event occurring December 26, 2010.


Premise: What is it called when someone aspires to the characteristics of significant others?

Hypothesis: However, the formation of one's identity occurs through one's identifications with significant others (primarily with parents and other individuals during one's biographical experiences, and also with "groups" as they are perceived).


Premise: What two provinces were formed from Huguang?

Hypothesis: The Qing organization of provinces was based on the fifteen administrative units set up by the Ming dynasty, later made into eighteen provinces by splitting for example, Huguang into Hubei and Hunan provinces.


Premise: Who did the Estonians defeat in the Battle of Swienta?

Hypothesis: The wars had reduced the Estonian population from about 250–300,000 people before the Livonian War to 120–140,000 in the 1620s.


Premise: What is the official language of Estonia?

Hypothesis: Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities.


Premise: What did Frederick Zugibe study in detail for this book?

Hypothesis: Zugibe carried out a number of experiments over several years to test his theories while he was a medical examiner.


Premise: What is the average January temp?

Hypothesis: The average window for freezing temperatures is November 6 thru April 2, allowing a growing season of 217 days.


Premise: Who did the Queen condemn in the Indian Rebellion?

Hypothesis: After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire.


Premise: What is the percentage of Native Americans in South Tuscon?

Hypothesis: The population consists of about 83% Mexican-American and 10% Native American residents.


Premise: Beyonce lost to which artist for Album of the year?

Hypothesis: Beyoncé made an uncredited featured appearance on the track "Hymn for the Weekend" by British rock band Coldplay, on their seventh studio album


Premise: To whom were School Hall and School Library erected in memoriam of?

Hypothesis: A bomb destroyed part of Upper School in World War Two and blew out many windows in the Chapel.


Premise: How many religious celebrations did Rome have?

Hypothesis: A comparison of surviving Roman religious calendars suggests that official festivals were organized according to broad seasonal groups that allowed for different local traditions.


Premise: When did Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies?

Hypothesis: Historians trace the earliest church labeled "Baptist" back to 1609 in Amsterdam, with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor.


Premise: At which rate is the science behind nutrition continuing to evolve?

Hypothesis: The effects of nutrients may only be discernible over an extended period, during which all food and waste must be analyzed.


Premise: How many states have banned bear wrestling as of 2006?

Hypothesis: As of 2006, it is banned in 20 U.S. states.


Premise: How can we classify the vast variety of bacterial species?

Hypothesis: While these schemes allowed the identification and classification of bacterial strains, it was unclear whether these differences represented variation between distinct species or between strains of the same species.


Premise: What type of disagreement existed in tribal groups that were controlled by charismatic leaders?

Hypothesis: Control of labour and inter-group conflict is characteristic of corporate-level or 'tribal' groups, headed by a charismatic individual; whether a 'big man' or a proto-chief, functioning as a lineage-group head.


Premise: When was the SNES released in the UK?

Hypothesis: On August 23, 1991,[a] Nintendo released the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, a redesigned version of the Super Famicom, in North America for US$199.


Premise: When did the NBA play preseason games against the ABA?

Hypothesis: The NBA has played preseason games in Europe and Asia.


Premise: Napoleon's propaganda plan was aimed at showing him as attempting to bring peace and stability to what country?

Hypothesis: Strict censorship, controlling aspects of the press, books, theater, and art, was part of his propaganda scheme, aimed at portraying him as bringing desperately wanted peace and stability to France.


Premise: What caused the Romans early withdrawl in The First Samnite War?

Hypothesis: Rome beat the Latins in the Battle of Vesuvius and again in the Battle of Trifanum, after which the Latin cities were obliged to submit to Roman rule.


Premise: the vinaya was recited by?

Hypothesis: Ānanda, the Buddha's personal attendant, was called upon to recite the dhamma.


Premise: Tango, milonga and vals criollo are the most popular forms of music in what region?

Hypothesis: In Montevideo, as throughout the Rio de Plata region, the most popular forms of music are tango, milonga and vals criollo.


Premise: During what time period was the Devonian era?

Hypothesis: The period was a time of great tectonic activity, as Laurasia and Gondwana drew closer together.


Premise: What is the nickname of the historic football rivalry between Yale and Harvard hosted annually in New Haven?

Hypothesis: New Haven biannually hosts "The Game" between Yale and Harvard, the country's second-oldest college football rivalry.


Premise: Who was a notable scholastic thinker?

Hypothesis: In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue.


Premise: Who opened the Borders Books store in Ann Arbor?

Hypothesis: Borders Books, started in Ann Arbor, was opened by brothers Tom and Louis Borders in 1971 with a stock of used books.


Premise: What kind of terrain is found in the southwest part of the Congo?

Hypothesis: Forests are under increasing exploitation pressure.


Premise: Which past mayor of Seattle has been criticized for favoring the rich of industry at the expense of the people?

Hypothesis: Former Seattle Mayor Greg Nickels announced a desire to spark a new economic boom driven by the biotechnology industry in 2006.


Premise: What does ITU-R stand for?

Hypothesis: These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users.


Premise: Are there any answers to the Pradox of the Stone?

Hypothesis: Several answers to this paradox have been proposed.


Premise: What did Julian try to restore to the empire?

Hypothesis: The empire once again fell under Christian control, this time permanently.


Premise: What are the most common types of eagles one might see in the Jaisalmer region?

Hypothesis: Short-toed eagles (Circaetus gallicus), tawny eagles (Aquila rapax), spotted eagles (Aquila clanga), laggar falcons (Falco jugger) and kestrels are the commonest of these.


Premise: What did Kerry do on Apr 22, 1971?

Hypothesis: On April 22, 1971, Kerry appeared before a U.S. Senate committee hearing on proposals relating to ending the war.


Premise: What rate supports the Holocene extinction hypothesis?

Hypothesis: Insect extinction rates are high—supporting the Holocene extinction hypothesis.


Premise: When is a magnetic fields right angles to a electrical field?

Hypothesis: The polarization of an antenna refers to the orientation of the electric field (E-plane) of the radio wave with respect to the Earth's surface and is determined by the physical structure of the antenna and by its orientation; note that this designation is totally distinct from the antenna's directionality.


Premise: Is the structure of hardwood simple or complex?

Hypothesis: In discussing such woods it is customary to divide them into two large classes, ring-porous and diffuse-porous.


Premise: What is the acronym for Eritrean People's Liberation Front?

Hypothesis: The ensuing Eritrean War for Independence went on for 30 years against successive Ethiopian governments until 1991, when the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF), a successor of the ELF, defeated the Ethiopian forces in Eritrea and helped a coalition of Ethiopian rebel forces take control of the Ethiopian Capital Addis Ababa.


Premise: Which moral philosopher said "the greatest happiness for the greatest numbers"?

Hypothesis: Much of what is incorporated in the scientific method (the nature of knowledge, evidence, experience, and causation) and some modern attitudes towards the relationship between science and religion were developed by his protégés David Hume and Adam Smith.


Premise: When does the United States Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission date the crisis to?

Hypothesis: The United States Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission dates the crisis to 2008.


Premise: Why are scholars concerned with analysis of the Gospels over the letters?

Hypothesis: Textual scholars have debated for centuries which sources are most closely derived from the original, hence which readings in those sources are correct.[citation needed]


Premise: What building is named after Earl and Kathryn Pardoe?

Hypothesis: The Pardoe Theatre is named for T. Earl and Kathryn Pardoe.


Premise: How much does a non-subscriber of The Times need to pay to read the online versions?

Hypothesis: There are now two websites: thetimes.co.uk is aimed at daily readers, and the thesundaytimes.co.uk site at providing weekly magazine-like content.


Premise: What did some plants produce when flowers became less simple?

Hypothesis: The first flowering plants in the fossil record had relatively simple flowers.


Premise: Not being able to predict what any entity is going to do is what principle b Whitehead?

Hypothesis: For Whitehead, creativity is the absolute principle of existence, and every entity (whether it is a human being, a tree, or an electron) has some degree of novelty in how it responds to other entities, and is not fully determined by causal or mechanistic laws.


Premise: Street vendors might sell their goods in official places as well as where?

Hypothesis: Street vendors play their trade from stalls in the tianguis as well as at non-officially controlled concentrations around metro stations and hospitals; at plazas comerciales, where vendors of a certain "theme" (e.g. stationery) are housed; originally these were organized to accommodate vendors formerly selling on the street; or simply from improvised stalls on a city sidewalk.


Premise: What was the first skyscraper built in San Diego that was over 300-feet tall?

Hypothesis: The development of skyscrapers over 300 feet (91 m) in San Diego is attributed to the construction of the El Cortez Hotel in 1927, the tallest building in the city from 1927 to 1963.


Premise: When did Japan surrender?

Hypothesis: Following its defeat, Japan's Shinto Emperor stepped down as the divine leader through the Shinto Directive, because the Allied Powers believed this was the major political cause of Japan's military aggression and deconstruction process soon took place to install a new liberal-democratic constitution to the Japanese public as the current Constitution of Japan.


Premise: What is the Spanish version of Turner Classic Movies?

Hypothesis: Turner Classic Movies is a dedicated film channel and is available in United States, United Kingdom, France (TCM Cinéma), Spain (TCM España), Nordic countries, Middle East and Africa.


Premise: Who does Ibn Sina's philosophy owe much to?

Hypothesis: The philosophy of Ibn Sīnā, particularly that part relating to metaphysics, owes much to al-Farabi.


Premise: What was the equivalent yield in TNT of the Little Boy bomb, in tonnes?

Hypothesis: Exploding with a yield equivalent to 12,500 tonnes of TNT, the blast and thermal wave of the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings and killed approximately 75,000 people (see Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki).


Premise: What do the Chinese say is the total number of shocks after the quake?

Hypothesis: Between 64 and 104 major aftershocks, ranging in magnitude from 4.0 to 6.1, were recorded within 72 hours of the main quake.


Premise: Where was Avicenna once imprisoned?

Hypothesis: Avicenna believed his "Floating Man" thought experiment demonstrated that the soul is a substance, and claimed humans cannot doubt their own consciousness, even in a situation that prevents all sensory data input.


Premise: What is an English translation of huda?

Hypothesis: The Quran describes itself as "the discernment" (al-furqān), "the mother book" (umm al-kitāb), "the guide" (huda), "the wisdom" (hikmah), "the remembrance" (dhikr) and "the revelation" (tanzīl; something sent down, signifying the descent of an object from a higher place to lower place).


Premise: Which architect's work was preserved throughout World War II by the Royal Institute's Library?

Hypothesis: The library remained open throughout World War Two and was able to shelter the archives of Modernist architect Adolf Loos during the war.


Premise: When was Nigeria's third satellite launched?

Hypothesis: It was launched on 13 May 2007, aboard a Chinese Long March 3B carrier rocket, from the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in China.


Premise: When was Plymouth Albion R.F.C. founded?

Hypothesis: Plymouth Albion Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club that was founded in 1875 and are currently competing in the third tier of Professional English Rugby .


Premise: What are Guinea-Bissau's major exports?

Hypothesis: The economy depends mainly on agriculture; fish, cashew nuts and ground nuts are its major exports.


Premise: When did Apple replace their CR with line feed (LF)?

Hypothesis: The original Macintosh OS, Apple DOS, and ProDOS, on the other hand, used carriage return (CR) alone as a line terminator; however, since Apple replaced these operating systems with the Unix-based OS X operating system, they now use line feed (LF) as well.


Premise: What movement was responsible for the philosophy which led to the revival of Anglo Catholic ideas?

Hypothesis: The appeal of this Gothic revival (which after 1837, in Britain, is sometimes termed Victorian Gothic), gradually widened to encompass "low church" as well as "high church" clients.


Premise: What type of wine comprises a small majority of wine produced in Switzerland?

Hypothesis: Swiss wine is produced mainly in Valais, Vaud (Lavaux), Geneva and Ticino, with a small majority of white wines.


Premise: Which Hellenistic poet was known for bucolic hexameter poetry?

Hypothesis: The Eclogues (from the Greek for "selections") are a group of ten poems roughly modeled on the bucolic hexameter poetry ("pastoral poetry") of the Hellenistic poet Theocritus.


Premise: What method is used to test software under a specific load?

Hypothesis: Volume testing is a way to test software functions even when certain components (for example a file or database) increase radically in size.


Premise: Other than at the check-out lanes at the front of a store, where may customers check out?

Hypothesis: Some are part of a retail chain of many stores, while others may be independent retailers.


Premise: Which suburbs usually are affected by relatively narrow streams of heavy showers?

Hypothesis: Relatively narrow streams of heavy showers can often affect the same places (usually the eastern suburbs) for an extended period, while the rest of Melbourne and surrounds stays dry.


Premise: When was the term added to the dictionary?

Hypothesis: In 2006, it was added to the Oxford English Dictionary.


Premise: How many members are there in the Conseil de Paris?

Hypothesis: The current council is divided between a coalition of the left of 91 members, including the socialists, communists, greens, and extreme left; and 71 members for the centre right, plus a few members from smaller parties.


Premise: In what year was the tantalum light filament invented?

Hypothesis: Since tantalum metal has a lower resistivity than carbon, the tantalum lamp filament was quite long and required multiple internal supports.


Premise: What did Detroit build after the failure of a larger regional transportation system?

Hypothesis: But the inability of Detroit and its suburban neighbors to solve conflicts over transit planning resulted in the region losing the majority of funding for rapid transit.


Premise: According to Dibben, what are the benefits of applying process metaphysics to examining management and business administration as a component of social science?

Hypothesis: For Dibben, this allows "a comprehensive exploration of life as perpetually active experiencing, as opposed to occasional – and thoroughly passive – happening."


Premise: What's the sixth form college named after a person?

Hypothesis: Itchen College and Richard Taunton Sixth Form College.


Premise: Who were the supporters of the Avignon Papacy?

Hypothesis: The Schism divided Europe along political lines; while France, her ally Scotland and the Spanish kingdoms supported the Avignon Papacy, France's enemy England stood behind the Pope in Rome, together with Portugal, Scandinavia and most of the German princes.


Premise: How many Jews were there in the world just prior to the Holocaust?

Hypothesis: It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews.


Premise: Where are the most threatened ecosystems found?

Hypothesis: " At present, the most threatened ecosystems are found in fresh water, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005, which was confirmed by the "Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment", organised by the biodiversity platform, and the French Institut de recherche pour le développement (MNHNP).


Premise: Is an adolescent's mental health at its best when their feelings of autonomy match closely with their parents or when they are at odds?

Hypothesis: Emotional autonomy is defined in terms of an adolescent's relationships with others, and often includes the development of more mature emotional connections with adults and peers.


Premise: When did the name for Tibet, Tubo, first appear in Chinese characters?

Hypothesis: This name first appears in Chinese characters as 土番 in the 7th century (Li Tai) and as 吐蕃 in the 10th-century (Old Book of Tang describing 608–609 emissaries from Tibetan King Namri Songtsen to Emperor Yang of Sui).


Premise: What term avoids distinguishing between languages and dialects?

Hypothesis: There are various terms that linguists may use to avoid taking a position on whether the speech of a community is an independent language in its own right or a dialect of another language.


Premise: What does Tucson's main power plant use for fuel?

Hypothesis: Tucson's primary electrical power source is a coal and natural gas power-plant managed by Tucson Electric Power that is situated within the city limits on the south-western boundary of Davis-Monthan Air-force base adjacent to Interstate-10.


Premise: During what dictatorship was Catalan considered a dialect?

Hypothesis: During much of its history, and especially during the Francoist dictatorship (1939–1975), the Catalan language has often been degraded as a mere dialect of Spanish.


Premise: What Calvinist doctrine is focuses on salvation?

Hypothesis: Soteriologically, most Methodists are Arminian, emphasizing that Christ accomplished salvation for every human being, and that humans must exercise an act of the will to receive it (as opposed to the traditional Calvinist doctrine of monergism).


Premise: After a trip to what city did Carl Laemmle leave the dry goods business?

Hypothesis: One story has Laemmle watching a box office for hours, counting patrons and calculating the day's takings.


Premise: What culture annexed Egypt?

Hypothesis: The Ptolemies faced rebellions of native Egyptians often caused by an unwanted regime and were involved in foreign and civil wars that led to the decline of the kingdom and its annexation by Rome.


Premise: Who said that Napoleon's presence on the battlefield was worth 40,000 soldiers?

Hypothesis: At the Battle of Auerstadt in 1806, King Frederick William III of Prussia outnumbered the French by 63,000 to 27,000; however, when he mistakenly was told that Napoleon was in command, he ordered a hasty retreat that turned into a rout.


Premise: Who countered the Russian cavalry's movement?

Hypothesis: When the Earl of Cardigan questioned what they referred to, the aide-de-camp pointed to the first Russian battery he could see – the wrong one.


Premise: Who was the Portugal Prime Minister in 2013?

Hypothesis: Coelho reaffirmed the announcement by explaining that austerity measures are necessary if Portugal seeks to avoid another monetary bailout grant from the European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund—the overall plan intends to enact further cuts of €4.8 billion over a three-year period.


Premise: The recent Indiana Jones movie feature how many of the local citizen in film?

Hypothesis: 500 locals were cast as extras for the film.


Premise: What is the primary cue for migration?

Hypothesis: The primary physiological cue for migration are the changes in the day length.


Premise: Where in the year 77 BC was an uprising?

Hypothesis: In 77 BC, the senate sent one of Sulla's former lieutenants, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus ("Pompey the Great"), to put down an uprising in Spain.


Premise: How many fraternities does Northwestern recognize?

Hypothesis: Northwestern has several housing options, including both traditional residence halls and residential colleges which gather together students who have a particular intellectual interest in common.


Premise: What is the governing system of the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: The President, who is head of state as well as head of government, is elected by the 33 senators of the Nitijela.


Premise: How many coral atolls comprise the Marshall Islands?

Hypothesis: The country's population of 53,158 people (at the 2011 Census) is spread out over 29 coral atolls, comprising 1,156 individual islands and islets.


Premise: what style of music did afrika bambaataa play?

Hypothesis: In the early 1980s, Chicago radio jocks The Hot Mix 5, and club DJs Ron Hardy and Frankie Knuckles played various styles of dance music, including older disco records (mostly Philly disco and Salsoul tracks), electro funk tracks by artists such as Afrika Bambaataa, newer Italo disco, B-Boy hip hop music by Man Parrish, Jellybean Benitez, Arthur Baker, and John Robie, and electronic pop music by Kraftwerk and Yellow Magic Orchestra.


Premise: What city is Dell's New Hampshire facility in?

Hypothesis: Dell facilities in the United States are located in Austin, Texas; Plano, Texas; Nashua, New Hampshire; Nashville, Tennessee; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Peoria, Illinois; Hillsboro, Oregon (Portland area); Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Eden Prairie, Minnesota (Dell Compellent); Bowling Green, Kentucky; Lincoln, Nebraska; and Miami, Florida.


Premise: What type of familiar translation may be seen during an opera?

Hypothesis: Translations of sung texts—whether of the above type meant to be sung or of a more or less literal type meant to be read—are also used as aids to audiences, singers and conductors, when a work is being sung in a language not known to them.


Premise: In what did Immanuel Kant describe time as a priori intuition that allows humankind to understand sense experience?

Hypothesis: With Kant, neither space nor time are conceived as substances, but rather both are elements of a systematic mental framework that necessarily structures the experiences of any rational agent, or observing subject.


Premise: How many large flight muscles do birds have?

Hypothesis: Birds have various adaptations for flight, including a lightweight skeleton, two large flight muscles, the pectoralis (which accounts for 15% of the total mass of the bird) and the supracoracoideus, as well as a modified forelimb (wing) that serves as an aerofoil.


Premise: Whio was Equerry Frederick Ponsonby's father?

Hypothesis: Equerry Frederick Ponsonby (the son of Sir Henry) discovered that the Munshi had lied about his parentage, and reported to Lord Elgin, Viceroy of India, "the Munshi occupies very much the same position as John Brown used to do.


Premise: Madonna surpassed which artist with the most top-ten hits?

Hypothesis: With a gross of $280 million, it became the highest-grossing tour by a solo artist then, surpassing the previous record Madonna set with the Confessions Tour; it was later surpassed by Roger Waters' The Wall Live.


Premise: What did the Turbo feature allow players to do?

Hypothesis: The NES Advantage had two knobs that adjusted the firing rate of the turbo button from quick to Turbo, as well as a "Slow" button that slowed down the game by rapidly pausing the game.


Premise: Who designed the Winfield Building in 1890?

Hypothesis: The CBD is dominated by modern office buildings including the Rialto Towers (1986), built on the site of several grand classical Victorian buildings, two of which — the Rialto Building (1889) designed by William Pitt and the Winfield Building (1890) designed by Charles D'Ebro and Richard Speight — still remain today and more recently hi-rise apartment buildings including Eureka Tower (2006), which is listed as the 13th tallest residential building in the world in January 2014.


Premise: Who used Pan-Slavism as a political tool?

Hypothesis: The Russian Empire used Pan-Slavism as a political tool; as did the Soviet Union, which gained political-military influence and control over most Slavic-majority nations between 1945 and 1948 and retained a hegemonic role until the period 1989–1991.


Premise: What part of Richmond is Maymont close to?

Hypothesis: Two other major parks in the city along the river are Byrd Park and Maymont, located near the Fan District.


Premise: Who were the main leaders of the ruling party?

Hypothesis: A statement was issued on 13 June explaining that Miliband "was promoting England's bid to win the World Cup", although "he understands the anger that is felt towards the Sun over Hillsborough by many people in Merseyside and he is sorry to those who feel offended."


Premise: By how much did Dell cut it's margins when it cut its prices?

Hypothesis: This also cut profit-margins by more than half, from 8.7 to 4.3 percent.


Premise: Countries that what have more extralegal and unofficial things going on?

Hypothesis: While media have reported widely the grand corruption that accompanied the sales, studies have argued that in addition to increased operating efficiency, daily petty corruption is, or would be, larger without privatization, and that corruption is more prevalent in non-privatized sectors.


Premise: When was Fort Gustav built?

Hypothesis: The third fort built by the Swedes is the Fort Gustav, which is also seen in ruins strewn around the weather station and the Light House.


Premise: How many media outlets does Washington University support?

Hypothesis: A variety of other publications also serve the university community, ranging from in-house academic journals to glossy alumni magazines to WUnderground, campus' student-run satirical newspaper.


Premise: In 2014, what issue of U.S. News & World Report provided rankins for law schools?

Hypothesis: Classes are held in Green Hall at W 15th St and Burdick Dr, which is named after former dean James Green.


Premise: What does copper wires along with zinc on roofs help to prevent?

Hypothesis: Together with zinc, copper wires may be placed over non-conductive roofing materials to discourage the growth of moss.[citation needed]


Premise: In Australia, what percentage of passerine birds were partially migratory

Hypothesis: Partial migration can form a large percentage of the migration behaviour of birds in some regions; in Australia, surveys found that 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerines were partially migratory.


Premise: Why does DNA replication and transcription occur in the 5'→3' direction?

Hypothesis: Nucleic acid synthesis, including DNA replication and transcription occurs in the 5'→3' direction, because new nucleotides are added via a dehydration reaction that uses the exposed 3' hydroxyl as a nucleophile.:27.2


Premise: What did the deputies collect in the Imam's behalf?

Hypothesis: Whenever the believers faced a problem, they would write their concerns and send them to his deputy.


Premise: Are basic antennas expensive?

Hypothesis: Both the vertical and dipole antennas are simple in construction and relatively inexpensive.


Premise: How much of the glaciation disappeared in Switzerland?

Hypothesis: Forty percent of the glaciation in Austria has disappeared since 1850, and 30% of that in Switzerland.


Premise: Daft Punk, Stardust, Cassius, St. Germain, and DJ Falcon all came from what scene?

Hypothesis: Together, they laid the groundwork for what would be known as the French house movement.


Premise: How many tonnes can the Queen Elizabeth class ships displace?

Hypothesis: They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft in peace time with a tailored group of up to 50, and will have a displacement of 70,600 tonnes.


Premise: What did the club membership grow to by 2009?

Hypothesis: The nickname culé for a Barcelona supporter is derived from the Catalan cul (English: arse), as the spectators at the first stadium, Camp de la Indústria, sat with their culs over the stand.


Premise: Affluent American families are what type of families?

Hypothesis: Episcopalians and Presbyterians, as well as other WASPs, tend to be considerably wealthier and better educated (having graduate and post-graduate degrees per capita) than most other religious groups in United States, and are disproportionately represented in the upper reaches of American business, law and politics, especially the Republican Party.


Premise: What river runs along the Jordan Rift Valley?

Hypothesis: The Jordan River runs along the Jordan Rift Valley, from Mount Hermon through the Hulah Valley and the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea, the lowest point on the surface of the Earth.


Premise: When did Britain first use brass?

Hypothesis: Copper burial ornamentals from the 15th century have been uncovered, but the metal's commercial production did not start until the early 20th century.


Premise: What percent of the Bronx is Cuban?

Hypothesis: Cubans numbered over 9,640 members and formed 0.7% of the population.


Premise: What group's committees did Paul VI declare both bishops and cardinals could participate in?

Hypothesis: At the same time, the members of the College of Cardinals lost some of their previous influences, after Paul VI decreed, that not only cardinals but also bishops too may participate in committees of the Roman Curia.


Premise: Who addressed the United nations on Myanmar's behalf in the fall 2011 ?

Hypothesis: Several activists in exile, including Thee Lay Thee Anyeint members, have returned to Myanmar after President Thein Sein's invitation to expatriates to return home to work for national development.


Premise: What did the BBC say that Glencore used child labour for in 2012?

Hypothesis: Glencore denied it used child labour, and said it has strict policy of not using child labour.


Premise: Treaties between indigenous peoples and what other groups formed an important part of political discourse in the late 20th and early 21st century?

Hypothesis: In the case of indigenous Australians, unlike with the Māori of New Zealand, no treaty was ever entered into with the indigenous peoples entitling the Europeans to land ownership, under the doctrine of terra nullius (later overturned by Mabo v Queensland, establishing the concept of native title well after colonization was already a fait accompli).


Premise: In what century was Harsha's rule?

Hypothesis: This period produced some of India's finest art, considered the epitome of classical development, and the development of the main spiritual and philosophical systems which continued to be in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.


Premise: According to the American Journal of Human Genetics, what percentage of modern Iberian population has Sephardic Jewish ancestry?

Hypothesis: The history of antisemitism includes the First Crusade which resulted in the massacre of Jews; the Spanish Inquisition (led by Tomás de Torquemada) and the Portuguese Inquisition, with their persecution and autos-da-fé against the New Christians and Marrano Jews; the Bohdan Chmielnicki Cossack massacres in Ukraine; the Pogroms backed by the Russian Tsars; as well as expulsions from Spain, Portugal, England, France, Germany, and other countries in which the Jews had settled.


Premise: Who was responsible for bringing a bill proposing DST to the U.S. House of Representatives?

Hypothesis: Willett's allies introduced similar bills every year from 1911 through 1914, to no avail.


Premise: On what date was the Soviet Union created?

Hypothesis: On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.


Premise: Who commanded the French V Corps in reserve?

Hypothesis: General De Wimpffen, the commander of the French V Corps in reserve, hoped to launch a combined infantry and cavalry attack against the Prussian XI Corps.


Premise: How many Nobel Prizes have been won by IBM employees?

Hypothesis: Its employees have garnered five Nobel Prizes, six Turing Awards, ten National Medals of Technology and five National Medals of Science.


Premise: What did this report warn about?

Hypothesis: Malaysia-based Yazhou Zhoukan conducted an interview with former researcher at the China Seismological Bureau Geng Qingguo (耿庆国), in which Geng claimed that a confidential written report was sent to the State Seismological Bureau on April 30, 2008, warning about the possible occurrence of a significant earthquake in Ngawa Prefecture region of Sichuan around May 8, with a range of 10 days before or after the quake.


Premise: By what percentage of the popular vote did George W. Bush carry Tennessee in 2004?

Hypothesis: Republican George W. Bush received increased support in 2004, with his margin of victory in the state increasing from 4% in 2000 to 14% in 2004.


Premise: When did the studying of rock formations begin in the Alps?

Hypothesis: In the mid-19th century the now defunct theory of geosynclines was used to explain the presence of "folded" mountain chains but by the mid-20th century the theory of plate tectonics became widely accepted.


Premise: What is a round-off entry vault called?

Hypothesis: When performing a yurchenko, gymnasts "round-off" so hands are on the runway while the feet land on the springboard (beatboard).


Premise: Who wrote the Jazz oldie "(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66"?

Hypothesis: Soon after, the capital was moved from Guthrie to Oklahoma City.


Premise: The idea of what constitutes a family, from the human perspective, has enlarged to include what?

Hypothesis: The first has been the 'commodification' of the dog, shaping it to conform to human expectations of personality and behaviour.


Premise: Who persuaded the king to lock the wine cellars during WWI?

Hypothesis: The King imposed rationing at the palace, much to the dismay of his guests and household.


Premise: What are the main materials of cell walls of plants and fungi?

Hypothesis: The cell wall of bacteria is also distinct from that of Archaea, which do not contain peptidoglycan.


Premise: Who is the Thunders head coach?

Hypothesis: The Oklahoma City Thunder has been regarded by sports analysts as one of the elite franchises of the NBA's Western Conference and that of a media darling as the future of the league.


Premise: From what does Darwin assert all pigeons are descended?

Hypothesis: Darwin discusses contemporary opinions on the origins of different breeds under cultivation to argue that many have been produced from common ancestors by selective breeding.


Premise: Examinations for Tertiary institutes are given at what grade level?

Hypothesis: There are also State Non-University Tertiary Institutes offering vocationally oriented courses of shorter duration (2 to 3 years) which operate under the authority of other Ministries.


Premise: In what year did Melbourne set a target to reduce carbon emissions to net zero?

Hypothesis: In response to attribution of recent climate change, the City of Melbourne, in 2002, set a target to reduce carbon emissions to net zero by 2020 and Moreland City Council established the Zero Moreland program, however not all metropolitan municipalities have followed, with the City of Glen Eira notably deciding in 2009 not to become carbon neutral.


Premise: Which room has The Ballroom replaced in terms of both use and importance?

Hypothesis: Investitures, which include the conferring of knighthoods by dubbing with a sword, and other awards take place in the palace's Ballroom, built in 1854.


Premise: When was Britain called the "workshop of the world"?

Hypothesis: Unchallenged at sea, British dominance was later described as Pax Britannica ("British Peace"), a period of relative peace in Europe and the world (1815–1914) during which the British Empire became the global hegemon and adopted the role of global policeman.


Premise: Who is Charles-Louis Clerisseau?

Hypothesis: In 1786, the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (drafted by Thomas Jefferson) was passed at the temporary capitol in Richmond, providing the basis for the separation of church and state, a key element in the development of the freedom of religion in the United States.


Premise: What percentage of recyclable materials are being recycled in Switzerland?

Hypothesis: The country is heavily active in recycling and anti-littering regulations and is one of the top recyclers in the world, with 66% to 96% of recyclable materials being recycled, depending on the area of the country.


Premise: Which is larger, divisions or unions of Protestantism?

Hypothesis: Most denominations share common beliefs in the major aspects of the Christian faith while differing in many secondary doctrines, although what is major and what is secondary is a matter of idiosyncratic belief.


Premise: To what rank was Eisenhower brevetted after being transferred to the tank corps?

Hypothesis: His unit was later ordered to France but to his chagrin he received orders for the new tank corps, where he was promoted to brevet Lieutenant Colonel in the National Army.


Premise: In what year did the "Revolution within a Revolution" begin?

Hypothesis: In May 1987, Gaddafi announced the start of the "Revolution within a Revolution", which began with reforms to industry and agriculture and saw the re-opening of small business.


Premise: What did Montini take charge of responding to on behalf of Pius XII?

Hypothesis: During the war years, thousands of letters from all parts of the world arrived at the desk of the pope, most of them asking for understanding, prayer and help.


Premise: When did Tucson begin offering city council candidates public funding?

Hypothesis: In return, candidates receive matching funds from the city at a 1:1 ratio of public money to private donations.


Premise: Which successful World Touring Car Championship driver was produced in Switzerland despite the ban on motorsport events?

Hypothesis: During this period, the country still produced successful racing drivers such as Clay Regazzoni, Sebastian Buemi, Jo Siffert, Dominique Aegerter, successful World Touring Car Championship driver Alain Menu, 2014 24 Hours of Le Mans winner Marcel Fässler and 2015 24 Hours Nürburgring winner Nico Müller.


Premise: What was the expenditure of the Material Protection, Control, and Accounting Program between 1993 and 2005?

Hypothesis: From 1993 to 2005 the Material Protection, Control, and Accounting Program, operated by the federal government of the United States, spent approximately US $550 million to help safeguard uranium and plutonium stockpiles in Russia.


Premise: What do floor indicaters often consist of?

Hypothesis: The former are almost universal in cab interiors with more than two stops and may be found outside the elevators as well on one or more of the floors.


Premise: How many cannons did Napoleon's army capture in the Italian campaign?

Hypothesis: The French army fought 67 actions and won 18 pitched battles through superior artillery technology and Bonaparte's tactics.


Premise: When did the Greater Hamburg Act occur?

Hypothesis: After the Nazi Party seized power in January 1933, the Länder increasingly lost importance.


Premise: What type of rechargeable battery does Apple use in its iPods?

Hypothesis: Compounding the problem, Apple initially would not replace worn-out batteries.


Premise: Where did Victoria visit that led her to reprimand Derby for the state of the Royal Navy?

Hypothesis: On her return Victoria wrote to Derby reprimanding him for the poor state of the Royal Navy in comparison to the French one.


Premise: In what years did the Great Famine occur?

Hypothesis: The first years of the 14th century were marked by famines, culminating in the Great Famine of 1315–17.


Premise: Modern Greek theater began when?

Hypothesis: The Nobile Teatro di San Giacomo di Corfù was the first theatre and opera house of modern Greece and the place where the first Greek opera, Spyridon Xyndas' The Parliamentary Candidate (based on an exclusively Greek libretto) was performed.


Premise: Who was Secretary of State in 1957?

Hypothesis: Although Diem was publicly praised, in private Secretary of State John Foster Dulles conceded that Diem had been selected because there were no better alternatives.


Premise: What leader was victorious at the Battle of Poitiers?

Hypothesis: One of his descendants, Charles Martel (d. 741), won the Battle of Poitiers in 732, halting the advance of Muslim armies across the Pyrenees.[K]


Premise: What is the name of the footballer who refused to be a part of the relay?

Hypothesis: Bhutia, who is Sikkimese, is the first athlete to refuse to run with the torch.


Premise: What other European war were the Canadian Forces involved in?

Hypothesis: Similarly, when the United Kingdom entered into conflict with Germany in the First World War, Canadian troops were called to participate in European theatres.


Premise: Which singer used Trident studios in addition to Queen and the Beatles?

Hypothesis: In 1972, Queen entered discussions with Trident Studios after being spotted at De La Lane Studios by John Anthony and after discussions were offered a management deal by Norman Sheffield under Neptune Productions, a subsidiary of Trident to manage the band and enable them to use the facilities at Trident to record new material whilst the management search for a record label to sign Queen.


Premise: What does the Air Force provide for officers of direct to non-line positions?

Hypothesis: The Air Force also provides Commissioned Officer Training (COT) for officers of all three components who are direct-commissioned to non-line positions due to their credentials in medicine, law, religion, biological sciences, or healthcare administration.


Premise: How many miles was Shima's fleet behind Nishimura?

Hypothesis: When he entered the narrow Surigao Strait at about 02:00, Shima was 22 miles (40 km) behind him, and Kurita was still in the Sibuyan Sea, several hours from the beaches at Leyte.


Premise: Who led Chinese and American troops for NCAC?

Hypothesis: In the first months of 1944, the Chinese and American troops of the Northern Combat Area Command (NCAC), commanded by the American Joseph Stilwell, began extending the Ledo Road from India into northern Burma, while the XV Corps began an advance along the coast in the Arakan Province.


Premise: Who is the author of The Tale of Genji?

Hypothesis: The Pillow Book by Sei Shōnagon and The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu.


Premise: Along with being carved, how were altarpieces often decorated in this period?

Hypothesis: The large external sculptural schemes of Early Gothic churches gave way to more sculpture inside the building, as tombs became more elaborate and other features such as pulpits were sometimes lavishly carved, as in the Pulpit by Giovanni Pisano in Sant'Andrea.


Premise: When did true birds first appear?

Hypothesis: True birds first appeared during the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years ago.


Premise: In what negotiation did France offer to establish the independent Saarland?

Hypothesis: In the Paris Agreements of 23 October 1954, France offered to establish an independent "Saarland", under the auspices of the Western European Union (WEU), but on 23 October 1955 in the Saar Statute referendum the Saar electorate rejected this plan by 67.7% to 32.3% (out of a 96.5% turnout: 423,434 against, 201,975 for) despite the public support of Federal German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer for the plan.


Premise: What did the southern part of Lancashire turn into?

Hypothesis: By the census of 1971, the population of Lancashire and its county boroughs had reached 5,129,416, making it the most populous geographic county in the UK.


Premise: What luminous efficacy does trichromatic white LEDs have?

Hypothesis: However, although tetrachromatic white LEDs have excellent color rendering capability, they often have poor luminous efficacy.


Premise: What disease contributed greatly to Bell's death?

Hypothesis: While tending to him after his long illness, Mabel, his wife, whispered, "Don't leave me."


Premise: When were the Arab Invasions?

Hypothesis: Numerous communities of dark-skinned peoples are present in North Africa, some dating from prehistoric communities.


Premise: What temperature characteristic determines a temperate glacier?

Hypothesis: Thermally, a temperate glacier is at melting point throughout the year, from its surface to its base.