Premise: What is the name of a similar, non-competitive game in Japan called?

Hypothesis: As with pre-codified "mob football", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia.


Premise: What archipelago lies off the mainland?

Hypothesis: The terrain of is mostly low coastal plain with swamps of Guinean mangroves rising to Guinean forest-savanna mosaic in the east.


Premise: Where do Afro-Spaniards come from?

Hypothesis: Today, there are an estimated 683,000 Afro-Spaniards in Spain.


Premise: What script variant was used to write the Sanskrit language?

Hypothesis: The Shunga Empire played an imperative role in patronizing Indian culture at a time when some of the most important developments in Hindu thought were taking place.


Premise: Who assumed control of the country after the coup d'etat?

Hypothesis: On the evening of 12 April 2012, members of the country's military staged a coup d'état and arrested the interim president and a leading presidential candidate.


Premise: What type of view do Christians take on God?

Hypothesis: There is no clear consensus on the nature or even the existence of God.


Premise: What type of measurements are used to quantify the distances between objects?

Hypothesis: Spatial measurements are used to quantify the extent of and distances between objects, and temporal measurements are used to quantify the durations of and between events.


Premise: Despite the reduced bandwith, HDTV format still had to be distributed how?

Hypothesis: Early HDTV commercial experiments, such as NHK's MUSE, required over four times the bandwidth of a standard-definition broadcast.


Premise: What are functional copies of a gene which have a loss of function due to mutation called?

Hypothesis: Sometimes, gene duplication may result in a nonfunctional copy of a gene, or a functional copy may be subject to mutations that result in loss of function; such nonfunctional genes are called pseudogenes.:7.6


Premise: What season did Barcelona win La Liga and Supercopa de Espana?

Hypothesis: Barcelona won La Liga and the Supercopa de España in 2004–05, and Ronaldinho and Eto'o were voted first and third, respectively, in the FIFA World Player of the Year awards.


Premise: What infection has a very small prevalence in Guinea-Bissau?

Hypothesis: The prevalence of HIV-infection among the adult population is 1.8%.


Premise: What passenger airport serves Melbourne?

Hypothesis: The main passenger airport serving the metropolis and the state is Melbourne Airport (also called Tullamarine Airport), which is the second busiest in Australia, and


Premise: What were CD's originally created to store?

Hypothesis: The format was originally developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data (CD-ROM).


Premise: Compression ratio depends on the sample rate and bit depth of which signal?

Hypothesis: Compression ratios with this latter reference are higher, which demonstrates the problem with use of the term compression ratio for lossy encoders.


Premise: What type of system does London Underground use?

Hypothesis: The London Underground in England is one of the few networks that uses a four-rail system.


Premise: What dynasty did Zicheng form?

Hypothesis: In April 1644, the capital at Beijing was sacked by a coalition of rebel forces led by Li Zicheng, a former minor Ming official, who established a short-lived Shun dynasty.


Premise: What kind of pesticide is DDT?

Hypothesis: DDT, sprayed on the walls of houses, is an organochlorine that has been used to fight malaria since the 1950s.


Premise: What is the largest public radio station in the US by audience size?

Hypothesis: WNYC, a public radio station owned by the city until 1997, has the largest public radio audience in the United States.


Premise: What was the disagreement between the Justices over whether funding breached what?

Hypothesis: Rutledge, on behalf of the four dissenting justices, took the position that the majority had indeed permitted a violation of the wall of separation in this case: "Neither so high nor so impregnable today as yesterday is the wall raised between church and state by Virginia's great statute of religious freedom and the First Amendment, now made applicable to all the states by the Fourteenth."


Premise: Why did Dominic travel to Denmark in 1203?

Hypothesis: At that time the south of France was the stronghold of the Cathar or Albigensian heresy, named after the Duke of Albi, a Cathar sympathiser and opponent to the subsequent Albigensian Crusade (1209–1229).


Premise: What does FGM stand for?

Hypothesis: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.


Premise: Where did Athanasius during his latest exile?

Hypothesis: This time however, Athanasius simply left for the outskirts of Alexandria, where he stayed for only a few months before the local authorities convinced Valens to retract his order of exile.


Premise: In what city does Plymouth's ferry to Spain terminate?

Hypothesis: Plymouth's economy remains strongly influenced by shipbuilding and seafaring including ferry links to Brittany (Roscoff and St Malo) and Spain (Santander), but has tended toward a service-based economy since the 1990s.


Premise: What is the main advantage of an induction motor?

Hypothesis: These drives can run equally well on DC or AC of any frequency, and many modern electric locomotives are designed to handle different supply voltages and frequencies to simplify cross-border operation.


Premise: How many race options were there?

Hypothesis: Whereas most responses can be distinguished as falling into one of the five enumerated races, there remains some write-in responses which fall into the "Mixture" heading which cannot be racially categorized.


Premise: What system of rules kept her isolated from other children?

Hypothesis: Her mother was extremely protective, and Victoria was raised largely isolated from other children under the so-called "Kensington System", an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess and her ambitious and domineering comptroller, Sir John Conroy, who was rumoured to be the Duchess's lover.


Premise: How many Austrian troops did Charles lead at the Battle of Wagram?

Hypothesis: In the ensuing Battle of Wagram, which also lasted two days, Napoleon commanded his forces in what was the largest battle of his career up until then.


Premise: To compare qualities, sound files are evaluated on a scale that ranges from 1 to what?

Hypothesis: As an example, in a public listening test featuring two different MP3 encoders at about 128 kbit/s, one scored 3.66 on a 1–5 scale, while the other scored only 2.22.


Premise: What are sulfonyureas commonly used for?

Hypothesis: The following sulfonylureas have been commercialized for weed control: amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron-methyl Sulfosulfuron, terbacil, bispyribac-sodium, cyclosulfamuron, and pyrithiobac-sodium.


Premise: At the beginning of what age are the dates of the Kuru kingdom?

Hypothesis: When the Kuru kingdom declined, the center of Vedic culture shifted to their eastern neighbours, the Panchala kingdom.


Premise: How can scientists use bacteria in the study of plants?

Hypothesis: Today, genetic modification of the Ti plasmid is one of the main techniques for introduction of transgenes to plants and the creation of genetically modified crops.


Premise: What happened to protesters who tried to interrupt the carrying of the torch?

Hypothesis: Uyghurs living in Turkey protested at Chinese treatment of their compatriots living in Xinjiang.


Premise: What type of organizing can be observed in eukaryote genomes?

Hypothesis: When talking about genome composition, one should distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes as the big differences on contents structure they have.


Premise: What accounting software company has a major presence in Tucson?

Hypothesis: The City of Tucson, Pima County, the State of Arizona, and the private sector have all made commitments to create a growing, healthy economy[citation needed] with advanced technology industry sectors as its foundation.


Premise: About how many Montanans  died in the war?

Hypothesis: At least 1500 Montanans died in the war.


Premise: Who is another prime minister who reiterated the principles of cabinet solidarity?

Hypothesis: As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing."


Premise: When did Japan surrender?

Hypothesis: At noon on 15 August, after the American government's intentionally ambiguous reply, stating that the "authority" of the emperor "shall be subject to the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers", the Emperor broadcast to the nation and to the world at large the rescript of surrender, ending the Second World War.


Premise: What in somebodys past caused problems for the Kinsey scale?

Hypothesis: Particularly, they found it difficult to determine the relative amount heterosexual and homosexual experience and response in a person's history when using the scale.


Premise: How many people might actually be homeless?

Hypothesis: The earthquake left at least 5 million people without housing, although the number could be as high as 11 million.


Premise: What did Panorama say was the documented reason Eton was eligible for farming subsidies?

Hypothesis: Panorama revealed in March 2012 that farming subsidies were granted to Eton for 'environmental improvements', in effect 'being paid without having to do any farming at all'.


Premise: Who had a fancy funeral at the abbey in 1658?

Hypothesis: Oliver Cromwell was given an elaborate funeral there in 1658, only to be disinterred in January 1661 and posthumously hanged from a gibbet at Tyburn.


Premise: On what date did Eisenhower leave active duty in the military?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower retired from active service as an Army general on May 31, 1952, and he resumed his presidency of Columbia.


Premise: who produced the song "on and on" in 1984?

Hypothesis: The hypnotic electronic dance song "On and On", produced in 1984 by Chicago DJ Jesse Saunders and co-written by Vince Lawrence, had elements that became staples of the early house sound, such as the Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer and minimal vocals as well as a Roland (specifically TR-808) drum machine and Korg (specifically Poly-61) synthesizer.


Premise: Who took Victoria on a trip to Malvern Hills in 1830?

Hypothesis: Victoria disliked the trips; the constant round of public appearances made her tired and ill, and there was little time for her to rest.


Premise: Several torchbearers said what two things should not be combined?

Hypothesis: Reports on the Delhi relay were similarly distinct.


Premise: What would environmentalists have done, instead of hunting?

Hypothesis: that (re)introducing predators would achieve the same end with greater efficiency and less negative effect, such as introducing significant amounts of free lead into the environment and food chain.


Premise: How many wells has Tucson stopped using since 2001?

Hypothesis: Since 2001, CAP water has allowed the city to remove or turn off over 80 wells.


Premise: An imbalance in the intake of nutrients by any organism can be referred by which term?

Hypothesis: Malnutrition refers to insufficient, excessive, or imbalanced consumption of nutrients by an organism.


Premise: When was the opening scene of Spectre filmed?

Hypothesis: In February 2015 over fifteen hundred extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico, though they were duplicated in the film, giving the effect of around ten thousand extras.


Premise: While looking for bugs, what else can testing do?

Hypothesis: Instead, it furnishes a criticism or comparison that compares the state and behavior of the product against oracles—principles or mechanisms by which someone might recognize a problem.


Premise: How did Briggs characterize the relationship between France and Edwards?

Hypothesis: On 22 May 2015, Sun reporter Anthony France was found guilty of aiding and abetting misconduct in a public office between 2008 and 2011.


Premise: How avid of a writer was the Queen?

Hypothesis: Despite this destruction, much of the diaries still exist.


Premise: What type of structure do woven reinforcements have that cause them to have variation in their electrical parameters?

Hypothesis: The spatially nonhomogeneous structure also introduces local variations in electrical parameters, due to different resin/glass ratio at different areas of the weave pattern.


Premise: What is required for animals with zinc deficiency to gain the same weight as animals with sufficient zinc?

Hypothesis: Animals with a diet deficient in zinc require twice as much food in order to attain the same weight gain as animals given sufficient zinc.


Premise: In what year did Eisenhower die?

Hypothesis: The last three years of Eisenhower's second term in office were ones of relatively good health.


Premise: In terms of economy the downtown portion is responsible for what?

Hypothesis: Downtown New Haven, occupied by nearly 7,000 residents, has a more residential character than most downtowns.


Premise: How many of the New Delhi Metro's stations are located at ground level?

Hypothesis: The network consists of six lines with a total length of 189.63 kilometres (117.83 miles) with 142 stations, of which 35 are underground, five are at-grade, and the remainder are elevated.


Premise: What company did critics suggest pressured Everton FC to change their crest?

Hypothesis: The redesign was poorly received by supporters, with a poll on an Everton fan site registering a 91% negative response to the crest.


Premise: What prime minister helped relations?

Hypothesis: The UK has kept full diplomatic relations with Israel since its formation having had two visits from heads of state in 2007.


Premise: Dogs originated as predators and what?

Hypothesis: Dogs are predators and scavengers, and like many other predatory mammals, the dog has powerful muscles, fused wrist bones, a cardiovascular system that supports both sprinting and endurance, and teeth for catching and tearing.


Premise: Are there many product available from farm cultivation on the Greek lands ?

Hypothesis: This image is attested by the map of the Old Greek Diaspora, which corresponded to the Greek world until the creation of the Greek state in 1832.


Premise: What did the shantytowns create?

Hypothesis: This caused serious air pollution in Mexico City and water pollution problems, as well as subsidence due to overextraction of groundwater.


Premise: In what years would you find electronic recordings played electronically?

Hypothesis: Eventually, when it was more common for electric recordings to be played back electrically in the 1930s and 1940s, the overall tone was much like listening to a radio of the era.


Premise: What the did Accurate News and Information Bill hope to accomplish?

Hypothesis: They, therefore, are unlikely to advise the sovereign or his or her representative to withhold assent.


Premise: What pay grades are included in the USAF for Senior NCOs?

Hypothesis: While all USAF military personnel are referred to as Airmen, the term also refers to the pay grades of E-1 through E-4, which are below the level of non-commissioned officers (NCOs).


Premise: What does H-e stand for?

Hypothesis: For example, if our bodies run (on average) at 80 watts, then a light bulb running at 100 watts is running at 1.25 human equivalents (100 ÷ 80) i.e. 1.25 H-e.


Premise: Georgian architecture is characterized by?

Hypothesis: Until the start of the Gothic Revival in the early 19th century, Georgian designs usually lay within the Classical orders of architecture and employed a decorative vocabulary derived from ancient Rome or Greece.


Premise: What 2 powers named in the 5 orignal great powers of the congress of vienna have maintained that status?

Hypothesis: Of the five original great powers recognised at the Congress of Vienna, only France and the United Kingdom have maintained that status continuously to the present day, although France was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War and occupied during World War II.


Premise: How long after the Permian-Triassic extinction did animal recovery take to completion?

Hypothesis: Animal life was then dominated by various archosaurian reptiles: dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and aquatic reptiles such as ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, and mosasaurs.


Premise: What type of servo-controlled systems use pancake motors?

Hypothesis: Due to the variety of constructions now available, the technology is used in applications from high temperature military to low cost pump and basic servos.


Premise: From where does the practice of linking various gods into grouping come?

Hypothesis: These later Roman pantheistic hierarchies are part literary and mythographic, part philosophical creations, and often Greek in origin.


Premise: When will reflections not be coherent?

Hypothesis: But if the ground has irregularities not small compared to the wavelength, reflections will not be coherent but shifted by random phases.


Premise: What don't we need to look for about theories in Popper's view?

Hypothesis: He writes, "there are no such things as good positive reasons; nor do we need such things [...]


Premise: As part of the Foreign Language Student Residence program, what do students commit to speak while in their apartments?

Hypothesis: This is an on-campus apartment complex where students commit to speak only their chosen foreign language while in their apartments.


Premise: What environmental consequence affected the Australian economy by 1983?

Hypothesis: By 1983, the Australian economy was suffering with the early 1980s recession and amidst the effects of a severe drought.


Premise: What's the German word for a tertiary education institution?

Hypothesis: They grant bachelor's degrees and master's degrees, and focus more on teaching than research and more on specific professions than on science.


Premise: What developed from the mammalian odor pathways?

Hypothesis: The mammalian brain invested heavily in olfaction to succeed at night as reptiles slept—one explanation for why olfactory lobes in mammalian brains are proportionally larger than in the reptiles.


Premise: What genre was Spielberg's first film "The Last Gunfight"

Hypothesis: Years later, Spielberg recalled to a magazine interviewer, "My dad's still-camera was broken, so I asked the scoutmaster if I could tell a story with my father's movie camera.


Premise: Who performed a Fuel song on this season?

Hypothesis: Chris Daughtry's performance of Fuel's "Hemorrhage (


Premise: How old was Gorbachev when he was elected as the General Secretary?

Hypothesis: His initial goal as general secretary was to revive the Soviet economy, and he realized that doing so would require reforming underlying political and social structures.


Premise: Which environment is better to isolate a single example of bacteria strain?

Hypothesis: Solid growth media, such as agar plates, are used to isolate pure cultures of a bacterial strain.


Premise: On what day did MTV name Kanye as the year's Number 1 "Hottest MC in the Game."?

Hypothesis: On May 16, 2008, Kanye West was crowned by MTV as the year's No. 1 "Hottest MC in the Game."


Premise: What type of area did early humans avoid?

Hypothesis: Rather than killing large animals for meat, according to this view, they used carcasses of such animals that had either been killed by predators or that had died of natural causes.


Premise: What coats uranium metal in air?

Hypothesis: Uranium metal reacts with almost all non-metal elements (with an exception of the noble gases) and their compounds, with reactivity increasing with temperature.


Premise: In what decade were siege cannon known to have been used?

Hypothesis: Crossbows, which had been known in Late Antiquity, increased in use partly because of the increase in siege warfare in the 10th and 11th centuries.[AB]


Premise: How much of the production of the Redwater plant will into diesel fuel?

Hypothesis: A sixth upgrader, under construction in 2015 near Redwater, Alberta, will upgrade half of its crude bitumen directly to diesel fuel, with the remainder of the output being sold as feedstock to nearby oil refineries and petrochemical plants.


Premise: How much lower is the Swazi Real GDP growth in comparison to other Southern African Customs Union members is Swaziland?

Hypothesis: Real GDP growth since 2001 has averaged 2.8%, nearly 2 percentage points lower than growth in other Southern African Customs Union (SACU) member countries.


Premise: What is the most important document in the US, setting the boundries for all other laws?

Hypothesis: The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of general and permanent federal statutory law.


Premise: What can be seen as of essential importance to a practiced of humanism?

Hypothesis: In modern times, humanist movements are typically aligned with secularism, and today humanism typically refers to a non-theistic life stance centred on human agency and looking to science rather than revelation from a supernatural source to understand the world.


Premise: What is a roman catholic school

Hypothesis: Some of these schools have religious affiliations, such as Monkton Combe School, Prior Park College, Sidcot School which is associated with the Religious Society of Friends, Downside School which is a Roman Catholic public school in Stratton-on-the-Fosse, situated next to the Benedictine Downside Abbey, and Kingswood School, which was founded by John Wesley in 1748 in Kingswood near Bristol, originally for the education of the sons of the itinerant ministers (clergy) of the Methodist Church.


Premise: What country won the battle at Hanover?

Hypothesis: The Convention removed Hanover and Brunswick from the war, leaving the Western approach to Prussian territory extremely vulnerable.


Premise: On what date was Abdirashid Ali Shermarke assassinated?

Hypothesis: On 15 October 1969, while paying a visit to the northern town of Las Anod, Somalia's then President Abdirashid Ali Shermarke was shot dead by one of his own bodyguards.


Premise: Which unit is a part of the Co-Curricular Studies that offers master's degrees?

Hypothesis: The Centre For Co-Curricular Studies is home to the Science Communication Unit which offers master's degrees in Science Communication and Science Media Production for science graduates.


Premise: In what year was Epic Records created?

Hypothesis: Columbia founded Epic Records in 1953.


Premise: Who handled distribution in the other region?

Hypothesis: One region consisted of most of mainland Europe (excluding Italy), and distribution there was handled by a number of different companies, with Nintendo responsible for most cartridge releases.


Premise: Who purhcased one of the collections of mandolin magazines?

Hypothesis: Japan also maintains an extensive collection of 20th Century mandolin music from Europe and one of the most complete collections of mandolin magazines from mandolin's golden age, purchased by Morishige Takei.


Premise: What was lighter than the water-cooled pom-pom?

Hypothesis: The army was forbidden from considering anything larger than .50-inch.


Premise: Who was Kerry's commander?

Hypothesis: The Navy's account of Kerry's actions is presented in the original medal citation signed by Zumwalt.


Premise: In Swaziland, what is kwetfwasa?

Hypothesis: His diagnosis is based on "kubhula", a process of communication, through trance, with the natural superpowers.


Premise: On what developments was FLNG technology based?

Hypothesis: FLNG technology is based on liquefied natural gas (LNG) developments that were pioneered in the mid-20th century and facilitates the exploitation of untapped natural gas reserves located in remote areas, often too small to extract any other way.


Premise: Interstate 95 is also infamous for what exactly?

Hypothesis: New Haven lies at the intersection of Interstate 95 on the coast—which provides access southwards and/or westwards to the western coast of Connecticut and to New York City, and eastwards to the eastern Connecticut shoreline, Rhode Island, and eastern Massachusetts—and Interstate 91, which leads northward to the interior of Massachusetts and Vermont and the Canadian border.


Premise: About how many police were said to have protected the torch in France?

Hypothesis: An estimated 3,000 French police protected the Olympic torch relay as it departed from the Eiffel Tower and criss-crossed Paris amid threat of protests.


Premise: What type of occupation did women commonly take part in?

Hypothesis: However, it is known from contemporary sources that there were many deviations to this rule, especially in regard to mothers over their sons, and empresses who ordered around and openly humiliated their fathers and brothers.


Premise: Give one example of how energy can be transferred between systems?

Hypothesis: The portion of the energy which does not do work during the transfer is called heat.[note 4] Energy can be transferred between systems in a variety of ways.


Premise: What organization was formed as a result of the talks?

Hypothesis: In May, Nasser moved to formally share his leadership position over the Palestine issue by initiating the creation of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).


Premise: Between what years did Jews increase to an estimated 2 million?

Hypothesis: By the 1st century, Babylonia, to which Jews migrated to after the Babylonian conquest as well as after the Bar Kokhba revolt in 135 CE, already held a speedily growing population of an estimated 1,000,000 Jews, which increased to an estimated 2 million  between the years 200 CE – 500 CE, both by natural growth and by immigration of more Jews from the Land of Israel, making up about 1/6 of the world Jewish population at that era.


Premise: What warring ritual did Barbara A. West say the indigenous Samoans engaged in?

Hypothesis: Mission work in Samoa had begun in late 1830 by John Williams, of the London Missionary Society arriving in Sapapali'i from The Cook Islands and Tahiti.


Premise: What is the official language of Eritrea?

Hypothesis: The nation has no official language, as the Constitution establishes the "equality of all Eritrean languages".


Premise: How was standardization prior to 1942?

Hypothesis: Heretofore, electrical recording technology from company to company was considered a proprietary art all the way back to the 1925 Western Electric licensed method used by Columbia and Victor.


Premise: What documentary features a white man in North Carolina?

Hypothesis: A Story of Race and Family Secrets written by Bliss Broyard about her father Anatole Broyard; the documentary Colored White Boy about a white man in North Carolina who discovers that he is the descendant of a white plantation owner and a raped African slave; and the documentary on The Sanders Women of Shreveport, Louisiana.


Premise: When did regular broadcasts start in Europe?

Hypothesis: The first regular broadcasts started on January 1, 2004 when the Belgian company Euro1080 launched the HD1 channel with the traditional Vienna New Year's Concert.


Premise: Why did the King of England have issues with parliment in the 17th century?

Hypothesis: A prime issue was, inter alia, over his policy of tolerance towards Catholicism.


Premise: What sections of the Vedas did the Verdanta school favor?

Hypothesis: The Mimamsa school was influential and foundational to the Vedanta school, with the difference that Mīmāṃsā school developed and emphasized karmakāṇḍa (that part of the śruti which relates to ceremonial acts and sacrificial rites, the early parts of the Vedas), while the Vedanta school developed and emphasized jñānakāṇḍa (that portion of the Vedas which relates to knowledge of monism, the latter parts of the Vedas).


Premise: What year did season two of American Idol first air?

Hypothesis: The number of episodes increased, as did the show's budget and the charge for commercial spots.


Premise: How many kings and princes were invited to the Golden Jubilee?

Hypothesis: Equerry Frederick Ponsonby (the son of Sir Henry) discovered that the Munshi had lied about his parentage, and reported to Lord Elgin, Viceroy of India, "the Munshi occupies very much the same position as John Brown used to do.


Premise: Which pope affirmed Paul VI Humanae Vitae?

Hypothesis: Paul VI was concerned but not surprised by the negative reaction in Western Europe and the United States.


Premise: What type of appliances is Iran a leading manufacturer of in the Middle East?

Hypothesis: Iran has leading manufacturing industries in the fields of car-manufacture and transportation, construction materials, home appliances, food and agricultural goods, armaments, pharmaceuticals, information technology, power and petrochemicals in the Middle East.


Premise: What was a complication of the SV40 virus?

Hypothesis: In 1960 Maurice Hilleman of Merck Sharp & Dohme identified the SV40 virus, which was later shown to cause tumors in many mammalian species.


Premise: Who wrote the "Charleston"?

Hypothesis: "Ballin' the Jack", which was a popular dance in the years before "The Charleston", was written by native Charlestonian Chris Smith.


Premise: What country had a strong copper production in 1000 AD

Hypothesis: Copper metallurgy was flourishing in South America, particularly in Peru around 1000 AD; it proceeded at a much slower rate on other continents.


Premise: What is the fan shaped blood supply system in a bird's retina?

Hypothesis: The bird retina has a fan shaped blood supply system called the pecten.


Premise: What was the term for hymns sung to Apollo?

Hypothesis: Hymns sung to Apollo were called paeans.


Premise: What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in the Sorbs?

Hypothesis: The correlation between R1a1a [M17] and the speakers of Indo-European languages, particularly those of Eastern Europe (Russian) and Central and Southern Asia, was noticed in the late 1990s.


Premise: Out of one million szlachtas how many were magnates?

Hypothesis: Some historians estimate the number of magnates as 1% of the number of szlachta.


Premise: When did Harper Lee begin refusing interviews and questions about the book?

Hypothesis: Since the, she declined talking with reporters about the book.


Premise: When did the Hipodromo de Maronas start operating?

Hypothesis: The Hipódromo de Maroñas started operating in 1888, and the neighbourhoods of Reus del Sur, Reus del Norte and Conciliación were inaugurated in 1889.


Premise: Independent Women Part I was on which 2000 film's soundtrack?

Hypothesis: In early 2001, while Destiny's Child was completing their third album, Beyoncé landed a major role in the MTV made-for-television film, Carmen: A Hip Hopera, starring alongside American actor Mekhi Phifer.


Premise: What are the power variants in USB 3.0 ports?

Hypothesis: The Battery Charging Specification requires that the physical ports themselves be capable of handling 5 A of current[citation needed] but limits the maximum current drawn to 1.5 A.


Premise: What architects have buildings in the Yale Old Campus?

Hypothesis: Other examples of the Gothic (also called neo-Gothic and collegiate Gothic) style are on Old Campus by such architects as Henry Austin, Charles C. Haight and Russell Sturgis.


Premise: Who painted the icons hung in the abbey in the 1990s?

Hypothesis: In the 1990s two icons by the Russian icon painter Sergei Fyodorov were hung in the abbey.


Premise: What percent of oil made up Japan's domestic consumption?

Hypothesis: In Japan, the government and nationalists viewed these embargos as acts of aggression; imported oil made up about 80% of domestic consumption, without which Japan's economy, let alone its military, would grind to a halt.


Premise: At what university was Klement a student?

Hypothesis: This was initially termed "splat cooling" by doctoral student W. Klement at Caltech, who showed that cooling rates on the order of millions of degrees per second is sufficient to impede the formation of crystals, and the metallic atoms become "locked into" a glassy state.


Premise: What are plant habitats?

Hypothesis: Plant ecologists study the composition of local and regional floras, their biodiversity, genetic diversity and fitness, the adaptation of plants to their environment, and their competitive or mutualistic interactions with other species.


Premise: What situation allowed Marvel to expand into more adult-themed genre stories?

Hypothesis: Marvel was able to capitalize on its successful superhero comics of the previous decade by acquiring a new newsstand distributor and greatly expanding its comics line.


Premise: What percentage of India's total area is Rajasthan?

Hypothesis: Rajasthan (/ˈrɑːdʒəstæn/ Hindustani pronunciation: [raːdʒəsˈt̪ʰaːn] ( listen); literally, "Land of Kings") is India's largest state by area (342,239 square kilometres (132,139 sq mi) or 10.4% of India's total area).


Premise: When were the mosaics at Bizere Monastery created?

Hypothesis: In 2003, the remains of a mosaic pavement were discovered under the ruins of the Bizere Monastery near the River Mureş in present-day Romania.


Premise: Unlike every previous winner, the winner of this season failed to achieve what status?

Hypothesis: Both Allen and Lambert released the coronation song, "No Boundaries" which was co-written by DioGuardi.


Premise: Who left the DA's office with Kerry?

Hypothesis: Kerry thus decided to leave, departing in 1979 with assistant DA Roanne Sragow to set up their own law firm.


Premise: What time did Jesus die per Mark?

Hypothesis: However, in John 19:14 Jesus is still before Pilate at the sixth hour.


Premise: How many 3 star Michelin restaurants were in France in 2015?

Hypothesis: The Michelin Guide has been a standard guide to French restaurants since 1900, awarding its highest award, three stars, to the best restaurants in France.


Premise: What did Renaissance Humanism emphasize?

Hypothesis: Buildings were ascribed to specific architects – Brunelleschi, Alberti, Michelangelo, Palladio – and the cult of the individual had begun.


Premise: When was gay marriage legalized in Mexico City?

Hypothesis: In December 2009, the Federal District became the first city in Latin America, and one of very few in the world, to legalize same-sex marriage.


Premise: What band that broke up in 2014 was formed in Southampton?

Hypothesis: Several rock bands were formed in Southampton, including Band of Skulls, The Delays, Bury Tomorrow, Heart in Hand, Thomas Tantrum (disbanded in 2011) and


Premise: Because of it's trees New Haven is known for being first to implemented what in the US?

Hypothesis: The city also instituted the first public tree planting program in America.


Premise: In what city did the 1972 attack on Israeli athletes occur?

Hypothesis: Gaddafi also welcomed the three surviving attackers in Tripoli following their release in exchange for the hostages of hijacked Lufthansa Flight 615 a few weeks later and allowed them to go into hiding.


Premise: When did Prussia stop torture?

Hypothesis: For example, torture was abolished in Prussia in 1740, slavery in Britain in 1834 and in the United States in 1865 (William Wilberforce, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Abraham Lincoln - against Southern Protestants).


Premise: Who were taking slaves as concubines?

Hypothesis: Anti-miscegenation laws were passed in most states during the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries, but this did not prevent white slaveholders, their sons, or other powerful white men from taking slave women as concubines and having multiracial children with them.


Premise: What options do Parental controls provide?

Hypothesis: SmartScreen filtering integrated into Windows, Family Safety offers Parental controls, which allows parents to monitor and manage their children's activities on a device with activity reports and safety controls.


Premise: How old was Kanye when he dropped out of college?

Hypothesis: He soon realized that his busy class schedule was detrimental to his musical work, and at 20 he dropped out of college to pursue his musical dreams.


Premise: Who studied the structure of DNA using x-ray crystallography?

Hypothesis: The structure of DNA was studied by Rosalind Franklin using X-ray crystallography, which led James D. Watson and Francis Crick to publish a model of the double-stranded DNA molecule whose paired nucleotide bases indicated a compelling hypothesis for the mechanism of genetic replication.


Premise: In what span did Universal produce westerns with Kirby Grant?

Hypothesis: The studio fostered many series: The Dead End Kids and Little Tough Guys action features and serials (1938–43); the comic adventures of infant Baby Sandy (1938–41); comedies with Hugh Herbert (1938–42) and The Ritz Brothers (1940–43); musicals with Robert Paige, Jane Frazee, The Andrews Sisters, and The Merry Macs (1938–45); and westerns with Tom Mix (1932–33), Buck Jones (1933–36), Bob Baker (1938–39), Johnny Mack Brown (1938–43); Rod Cameron (1944–45), and Kirby Grant (1946–47).


Premise: Late 19th century is marked by what event?

Hypothesis: The 20th century also saw the integration of physics and chemistry, with chemical properties explained as the result of the electronic structure of the atom.


Premise: What country was Burma a colony of ?

Hypothesis: For the first time in history, the Burmese language and culture came to predominate the entire Irrawaddy valley.


Premise: What was Elizabeth's wealth extimated to be in 1971?

Hypothesis: Elizabeth's personal fortune has been the subject of speculation for many years.


Premise: In what decade did drinking chilled pale lager become popular?

Hypothesis: Drinking chilled beer began with the development of artificial refrigeration and by the 1870s, was spread in those countries that concentrated on brewing pale lager.


Premise: At what level does Popper indicate his view of scientific methodology applies?

Hypothesis: It has been suggested that Popper's ideas are often mistaken for a hard logical account of truth because of the historical co-incidence of their appearing at the same time as logical positivism, the followers of which mistook his aims for their own.


Premise: How much light does the bulb emit?

Hypothesis: However, the bulb emits the equivalent light of a four watt bulb.


Premise: Muslims representing 200,000 of what group fled to Dobruja?

Hypothesis: For example, the Russian and Austria-Habsburg annexation of the Crimean and Balkan regions respectively saw large influxes of Muslim refugees – 200,000 Crimean Tartars fleeing to Dobruja.


Premise: Political corruption in legislature reduces what, overall?

Hypothesis: In politics, corruption undermines democracy and good governance by flouting or even subverting formal processes.


Premise: What percentage of Africans make up NYC?

Hypothesis: The city's population in 2010 was 44% white (33.3% non-Hispanic white), 25.5% black (23% non-Hispanic black), 0.7% Native American, and 12.7% Asian.


Premise: When did Arsenal adolpt the away colors or yellow shirts and blue shorts?

Hypothesis: In the 1969–70 season, Arsenal introduced an away kit of yellow shirts with blue shorts.


Premise: What term means cessation?

Hypothesis: The term for anybody who has achieved nirvana, including the Buddha, is arahant.


Premise: Jean-Etienne Guettard and NIcolas Desmarest went to France and recorded what?

Hypothesis: Jean-Étienne Guettard and Nicolas Desmarest hiked central France and recorded their observations on some of the first geological maps.


Premise: Are all sources of the crucification literary?

Hypothesis: Although almost all ancient sources relating to crucifixion are literary, the 1968 archeological discovery just northeast of Jerusalem of the body of a crucified man dated to the 1st century provided good confirmatory evidence that crucifixions occurred during the Roman period roughly according to the manner in which the crucifixion of Jesus is described in the gospels.


Premise: What was the estimated capacity of solar water heating and cooling in 2007?

Hypothesis: Although generally underestimated, solar water heating and cooling is by far the most widely deployed solar technology with an estimated capacity of 154 GW as of 2007.


Premise: Other than the Roman Catholics, who else uses Latin?

Hypothesis: There is also a Latin script to write in Belarusian, called the Lacinka alphabet.


Premise: When was a church first founded at the site?

Hypothesis: According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, a church was founded at the site (then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) in the 7th century, at the time of Mellitus, a Bishop of London.


Premise: The biggest suspension bridge in the US is what?

Hypothesis: The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge is the longest suspension bridge in the Americas and one of the world's longest.


Premise: What is an example of a solar-mediated weather event?

Hypothesis: An example of a solar-mediated weather event is a hurricane, which occurs when large unstable areas of warm ocean, heated over months, give up some of their thermal energy suddenly to power a few days of violent air movement.


Premise: Which president called for constitutional changes?

Hypothesis: The Greek Cypriot leadership believed that the rights given to Turkish Cypriots under the 1960 constitution were too extensive and designed the Akritas plan, which was aimed at reforming the constitution in favour of Greek Cypriots, persuading the international community about the correctness of the changes and violently subjugating Turkish Cypriots in a few days should they not accept the plan.


Premise: The major usage of musical machine on 808s was described as eponymous?

Hypothesis: 808s & Heartbreak, which features extensive use of the eponymous Roland TR-808 drum machine and contains themes of love, loneliness, and heartache, was released by Island Def Jam to capitalize on Thanksgiving weekend in November 2008.


Premise: What is the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System?

Hypothesis: The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS, simplified Chinese: 北斗卫星导航系统; traditional Chinese: 北斗衛星導航系統; pinyin: Běidǒu wèixīng dǎoháng xìtǒng) is a Chinese satellite navigation system.


Premise: What platform was NESticle available for use?

Hypothesis: NESticle, a popular MS-DOS emulator, was released on April 3, 1997.


Premise: Which group wanted to assuage fears that science was a threat to religious stability?

Hypothesis: John Ray developed an influential natural theology of rational order; in his taxonomy, species were static and fixed, their adaptation and complexity designed by God, and varieties showed minor differences caused by local conditions.


Premise: Millions of Muslims left the empire and migrated to what places?

Hypothesis: This resulted in around 400,000 Muslims fleeing with the retreating Ottoman armies (with many dying from cholera brought by the soldiers), and with some 400,000 non-Muslims fleeing territory still under Ottoman rule.


Premise: How many people are affiliated with religion?

Hypothesis: Raleigh is home to a wide variety of religious practitioners.


Premise: After the Spanish, who were the first Europeans to settle North Carolina?

Hypothesis: During the same period, the English monarch Charles II gave the province to the Lords Proprietors, a group of noblemen who had helped restore Charles to the throne in 1660.


Premise: What was the name of the first cousin that Queen Victoria was married to?

Hypothesis: Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840.


Premise: What sort of feature is created by the use of vertical elements in gallery and window tracery?

Hypothesis: In many Gothic churches, particularly in France, and in the Perpendicular period of English Gothic architecture, the treatment of vertical elements in gallery and window tracery creates a strongly unifying feature that counteracts the horizontal divisions of the interior structure.


Premise: Who named the Anabaptists?

Hypothesis: The early members of this movement did not accept the name Anabaptist, claiming that since infant baptism was unscriptural and null and void, the baptizing of believers was not a re-baptism but in fact their first real baptism.


Premise: What ethic group grew in the 20th century?

Hypothesis: The two ethnic minorities were often viewed differently by White Americans who were often well-disposed towards the Japanese but condescending towards the Chinese.


Premise: The Grand Loge de France formed under who?

Hypothesis: The Grande Loge de France formed under the Grand Mastership of the Duke of Clermont, who exercised only nominal authority.


Premise: What nation conquered Ukraine during the First World War?

Hypothesis: The German Empire conquered Ukraine during World War I and was planning on either annexing it or installing a puppet king, but was defeated by the Entente, with major involvement by the Ukrainian Bolsheviks.


Premise: What all-color musical did Universal make in 1930?

Hypothesis: His early efforts included the critically mauled part-talkie version of Edna Ferber's novel Show Boat (1929), the lavish musical Broadway (1929) which included Technicolor sequences; and the first all-color musical feature (for Universal), King of Jazz (1930).


Premise: In what year was Apple given rights to the iPod name?

Hypothesis: The trademark was registered by the USPTO in November 2003, and Grasso assigned it to Apple Computer, Inc. in 2005.


Premise: During what time did Kadamba rule northern Karnataka?

Hypothesis: Kadamba (345 – 525 CE) was an ancient royal dynasty of Karnataka, India that ruled northern Karnataka and the Konkan from Banavasi in present-day Uttara Kannada district.


Premise: Which of Melbourne's suburbs have seen significant brownfields redevelopment in recent years?

Hypothesis: However, after 10 years[when?] of planning policies to encourage medium-density and high-density development in existing areas with greater access to public transport and other services, Melbourne's middle and outer-ring suburbs have seen significant brownfields redevelopment.


Premise: How many prisoners are still held in Burma on political crimes?

Hypothesis: The Freedom in the World 2011 report by Freedom House notes, "The military junta has ... suppressed nearly all basic rights; and committed human rights abuses with impunity."


Premise: How old are the wall paintings in the Chapel and School Yard?

Hypothesis: The important wall paintings in the Chapel and the brick north range of the present School Yard also date from the 1480s; the lower storeys of the cloister, including College Hall, had been built between 1441 and 1460.


Premise: What type of music did many of the post-punk bands start indulging in?

Hypothesis: Many of these groups would continue recording as part of the new pop movement, with entryism becoming a popular concept.


Premise: What expert on Whitehead delivered a lecture at the school to explain Whitehead's ideas?

Hypothesis: Wieman's lecture was so brilliant that he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years, and for at least thirty years afterward Chicago's Divinity School was closely associated with Whitehead's thought.


Premise: What are the African countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, and Mali referred to as in the cotton industry?

Hypothesis: While Brazil was fighting the US through the WTO's Dispute Settlement Mechanism against a heavily subsidized cotton industry, a group of four least-developed African countries – Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, and Mali – also known as "Cotton-4" have been the leading protagonist for the reduction of US cotton subsidies through negotiations.


Premise: vytautas created what for compromising professional warriors?

Hypothesis: As there were not enough nobles, Vytautas trained suitable men, relieving them of labor on the land and of other duties; for their military service to the Grand Duke, they were granted land that was worked by hired men (veldams).


Premise: In what year was the Kingdom of Great Britain founded?

Hypothesis: Although, the colonies of North American that would become the United States of America were lost by the start of the 19th century, the British Empire expanded rapidly elsewhere.


Premise: What does the Xeer system call cops?

Hypothesis: The Xeer legal system also requires a certain amount of specialization of different functions within the legal framework.


Premise: What event led to larger crop yields in the High Middle Ages?

Hypothesis: Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and labour services to the nobles, and feudalism, the political structure whereby knights and lower-status nobles owed military service to their overlords in return for the right to rent from lands and manors, were two of the ways society was organised in the High Middle Ages.


Premise: What was the percentage of whites in 1970?

Hypothesis: In addition, Hispanics made up 37.4% of Houston's population while non-Hispanic whites made up 30.8%, down from 62.4% in 1970.


Premise: Freemasons most common in Scandinavia only accept who as members?

Hypothesis: The form of Freemasonry most common in Scandinavia (known as the Swedish Rite), for example, accepts only Christians.


Premise: How many nations receive the Idol broadcast?

Hypothesis: American Idol is broadcast to over 100 nations outside of the United States.


Premise: Why are plants able to stop and start dividing cells?

Hypothesis: Unlike animals, many plant cells, particularly those of the parenchyma, do not terminally differentiate, remaining totipotent with the ability to give rise to a new individual plant.


Premise: Why is it necessary for smaller animals to have an insulative covering?

Hypothesis: Modern monotremes have lower body temperatures and more variable metabolic rates than marsupials and placentals, but there is evidence that some of their ancestors, perhaps including ancestors of the therians, may have had body temperatures like those of modern therians.


Premise: What substance did Barbieri use in his work with high-brightness LED?

Hypothesis: The first high-brightness blue LED was demonstrated by Shuji Nakamura of Nichia Corporation in 1994 and was based on InGaN.


Premise: What do Type-b receptacles do on target devices?

Hypothesis: Type-A receptacles on host devices that supply power and Type-B receptacles on target devices that draw power.


Premise: In which battle was the Hanover army destroyed?

Hypothesis: In 1837, the personal union of the United Kingdom and Hanover ended because William IV's heir in the United Kingdom was female (Queen Victoria).


Premise: Who is most responsible for the preservation of Hellenistic culture?

Hypothesis: The preservation of many classical and archaic works of art and literature (including the works of the three great classical tragedians, Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides) are due to the efforts of the Hellenistic Greeks.


Premise: Who worked towards obtaining a extension of relations with Tibet?

Hypothesis: There is little detailed evidence of Chinese—especially lay Chinese—studying Tibetan Buddhism until the Republican era (1912–1949).


Premise: What year saw the establishment of the Islamic Center of Virginia?

Hypothesis: The rest of the five current masjids in the Richmond area are Islamic Center of Richmond (ICR) in the west end, Masjid Umm Barakah on 2nd street downtown, Islamic Society of Greater Richmond (ISGR) in the west end, Masjidullah in the north side, and Masjid Ar-Rahman in the east end.


Premise: What does MRAP stand for?

Hypothesis: The M1A2 Abrams is the army's main battle tank, while the M2A3 Bradley is the standard infantry fighting vehicle.


Premise: What does George D. Chryssides suggest the changing views and dates of the Jehovah's Witnesses can be attributed to changed understandings of?

Hypothesis: George D. Chryssides has suggested that with the exception of statements about 1914, 1925 and 1975, the changing views and dates of the Jehovah's Witnesses are largely attributable to changed understandings of biblical chronology than to failed predictions.


Premise: When did women join the Protestant ministry?

Hypothesis: Since about 1950, women have entered the ministry, and some have assumed leading positions (e.g. bishops), in most Protestant churches.


Premise: How many beer houses existed throughout Britain eight years after the passage of the Beer Act?

Hypothesis: Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permission, the number of beer houses was continuing to rise and in some towns nearly every other house in a street could be a beer house.


Premise: What are some shows that Attenborough created with the BBC Natural History Unit?

Hypothesis: This unit is now famed throughout the world for producing high quality programmes with Attenborough such as Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, The Life of Mammals, Planet Earth and Frozen Planet.


Premise: Which article stipulates that the structure of each Federal State's government must "conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law"?

Hypothesis: The states are parliamentary republics and the relationship between their legislative and executive branches mirrors that of the federal system: the legislatures are popularly elected for four or five years (depending on the state), and the Minister-President is then chosen by a majority vote among the Landtag's members.


Premise: What does rhythmic gymastics combine together?

Hypothesis: According to FIG rules, only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics.


Premise: What was Izvestiya?

Hypothesis: Several months later, on 3 November 2011 the Russian newspaper Izvestiya reported that the naval building plan now included (first) the construction of a new shipyard capable of building large hull ships, after which Moscow will build two (80,000 tons full load each) nuclear-powered aircraft carriers by 2027.


Premise: What type of climate did Antarctica have in the Cretaceous period?

Hypothesis: In the Eocene epoch, about 40 Ma Australia-New Guinea separated from Antarctica, so that latitudinal currents could isolate Antarctica from Australia, and the first ice began to appear.


Premise: Are printed editions immune to variation?

Hypothesis: In contrast to this approach, some textual critics prefer to identify the single best surviving text, and not to combine readings from multiple sources.


Premise: What organization's rating system promotes sustainability?

Hypothesis: The U.S. Green Building Council's LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)


Premise: What did the studies show there was a lack of understanding of by the population?

Hypothesis: These statistics point to the complexities surrounding the lack of health/nutrition literacy and reveal the degree to which they are embedded in the social structure and interconnected with other problems.


Premise: What did the 2008 OECD report show the average tourist expenditure while in Greece was?

Hypothesis: The same survey showed that the average tourist expenditure while in Greece was $1,073, ranking Greece 10th in the world.


Premise: When did Pitatus offer his solution to the leap year problem?

Hypothesis: Thus Pitatus' solution would have commended itself to the astronomers.


Premise: Who was Michael Mak Kwok-fung?

Hypothesis: Hong Kong legislator Michael Mak Kwok-fung and activist Chan Cheong, both members of the League of Social Democrats, were not allowed to enter Macau.


Premise: Which countries did most Estonians desire to flee to?

Hypothesis: In the face of the country being re-occupied by the Red Army, tens of thousands of Estonians (including a majority of the education, culture, science, political and social specialists) chose to either retreat with the Germans or flee to Finland or Sweden where they sought refuge in other western countries, often by refugee ships such as the SS Walnut.


Premise: Who was Charles Babbage's son?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, his son, Henry Babbage, completed a simplified version of the analytical engine's computing unit (the mill) in 1888.


Premise: Which equipment was used for the Doomsday Project?

Hypothesis: The Domesday Project systems also included a genlock, allowing video frames, clips and audio to be mixed with graphics originated from the BBC Master; this was used to great effect for displaying high resolution photographs and maps, which could then be zoomed into.


Premise: What was the name of the original Digimon character?

Hypothesis: As such, many of the early Digimon—including Tyrannomon, the first one ever created—were based on dinosaurs.


Premise: What century produced the first Russian univeristy, library, theatre, public museum, and independent press?

Hypothesis: This era produced the first Russian university, library, theatre, public museum, and independent press.


Premise: What other pigment was Turkey red compared to?

Hypothesis: Turkey red used madder as the colorant, but the process was longer and more complicated, involving multiple soaking of the fabrics in lye, olive oil, sheep's dung, and other ingredients.


Premise: In what way did von Neumann make spectacular contributions to measure theory?

Hypothesis: In a series of famous papers, von Neumann made spectacular contributions to measure theory.


Premise: Who commissioned the Navicella mosaic?

Hypothesis: The great Navicella mosaic (1305–1313) in the atrium of the Old St. Peter's is attributed to Giotto di Bondone.


Premise: Who are Kautilya and Vishnugupta usually grouped with?

Hypothesis: An ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy by Kautilya and Viṣhṇugupta, who are traditionally identified with Chāṇakya (c. 350–-283 BCE).


Premise: Is Egypt able to sustain just from its own energy production?

Hypothesis: In 2013, the Egyptian General Petroleum Co (EGPC) said the country will cut exports of natural gas and tell major industries to slow output this summer to avoid an energy crisis and stave off political unrest, Reuters has reported.


Premise: How much of the Latino population did Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans and Cuban Americans make up in 1991?

Hypothesis: In 1991, Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Cuban Americans made up 80% of the Latino population in the United States.


Premise: What did Plato study?

Hypothesis: Similarly, Aristotle built upon Plato's analysis to include historical empirical evidence in his analysis.


Premise: Which tributary is located on the southern border?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, some small parts on the southern border are drained by tributaries of the Main (a tributary of the Rhine).


Premise: How many blacks served in the Ottoman Army during the Austro-Turkish War of 1716-18?

Hypothesis: The Ottoman Army also deployed an estimated 30,000 Black African troops and cavalrymen to its expedition in Hungary during the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18.


Premise: Where is the location of the original Olympic events?

Hypothesis: Following the recent unrest in Tibet, three members of Reporters Without Borders, including Robert Ménard, breached security and attempted to disrupt a speech by Liu Qi, the head of Beijing's Olympic organising committee during the torch lighting ceremony in Olympia, Greece.


Premise: Many Carnival traditions form an integral part of whose calendar?

Hypothesis: Italian Carnival is sometimes thought to be derived from the ancient Roman festivals of Saturnalia and Bacchanalia.


Premise: Where can the public view items from the Royal Collection?

Hypothesis: Many of the contents from Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle, Kensington Palace, and St James's Palace are part of the Royal Collection, held in trust by the Sovereign; they can, on occasion, be viewed by the public at the Queen's Gallery, near the Royal Mews.


Premise: The exhibit inaugurated by the Dalai Lama opened when?

Hypothesis: It also houses temporary exhibits; one on Tibet was inaugurated by the Dalai Lama in September 2011.


Premise: Who posited the existence of God?

Hypothesis: For example, God's omniscience may seem to imply that God knows how free agents will choose to act.


Premise: What group was considered at the top of the Strict Class Society?

Hypothesis: The daimyo, or lords, were at the top, followed by the warrior-caste of samurai, with the farmers, artisans, and traders ranking below.


Premise: What does a passive infrared sensor react to?

Hypothesis: Passive infrared sensors react to changes in heat, such as the pattern created by a moving person.


Premise: Who was the Liberal Party of Australia's longest-serving leader?

Hypothesis: The party's founder and longest-serving leader Robert Menzies envisaged that Australia's middle class would form its main constituency.


Premise: When was Victoria's Golden Jubilee?

Hypothesis: In 1887, the British Empire celebrated Victoria's Golden Jubilee.


Premise: The city's bus system is being over hauled to work with what other program?

Hypothesis: Other environmentally focused initiatives include curbside recycling, curbside composting bins (in addition to trash, yard-waste, and recycle bins), farmers' markets, community gardens, garden-share, an urban forest initiative, a hazardous materials home-collection service, green business certification, and a municipal bus system which is currently being revamped to integrate with the soon-to-open Expo Line.


Premise: Who invented the first tide-predicting machine in 1872?

Hypothesis: It used a system of pulleys and wires to automatically calculate predicted tide levels for a set period at a particular location.


Premise: For what purpose are cottonseed hulls used in feed?

Hypothesis: Cottonseed hulls can be added to dairy cattle rations for roughage.


Premise: Who runs Yale College?

Hypothesis: While the university is governed by the Yale Corporation, each school's faculty oversees its curriculum and degree programs.


Premise: In what district of London was the Punch Bowl located?

Hypothesis: The Coleherne public house in Earls Court was a well-known gay pub from the 1950s.


Premise: The Blood of Saint John was made from an insect, which one?

Hypothesis: For those with even more money there was Polish Cochineal; also known as Kermes vermilio or "Blood of Saint John", which was made from a related insect, the Margodes polonicus.


Premise: What reason did Sony give for taking out OtherOS?

Hypothesis: The 'OtherOS' functionality was not present in the updated PS Slim models, and the feature was subsequently removed from previous versions of the PS3 as part of the machine's firmware update version 3.21 which was released on April 1, 2010; Sony cited security concerns as the rationale.


Premise: Charities of which nation benefit from the IBM partnership with Pennies?

Hypothesis: Customers donate just a few pence (1p-99p) a time and every donation goes to UK charities.


Premise: Who did a documentary on Motown?

Hypothesis: The Andantes and The Funk Brothers, the Motown house band that was featured in Paul Justman's 2002 documentary film Standing in the Shadows of Motown, based on Allan Slutsky's book of the same name.


Premise: What effect does cloud coverage have on the amount of solar energy available?

Hypothesis: This limits the amount of energy that solar panels can absorb in one day.


Premise: Who did Nasser enlist to plan the Free Officer's coup?

Hypothesis: In May, Nasser received word that Farouk knew the names of the Free Officers and intended to arrest them; he immediately entrusted Free Officer Zakaria Mohieddin with the task of planning the government takeover by army units loyal to the association.


Premise: What major river is located in Paris?

Hypothesis: Paris is located in northern central France.


Premise: What declined from the 5th to the 13th centuries

Hypothesis: Emperor Harsha of Kannauj succeeded in reuniting northern India during his reign in the 7th century, after the collapse of the Gupta dynasty.


Premise: Who first referenced the Armenians?

Hypothesis: He relates that the people spoke a language that to his ear sounded like the language of the Persians.


Premise: What is encoded about a subject in verbs in Czech?

Hypothesis: As a pro-drop language, in Czech an intransitive sentence can consist of only a verb; information about its subject is encoded in the verb.


Premise: Towards the end of what century did it become important for more people in Dutch colonies to speak Dutch?

Hypothesis: In the last quarter of the 19th century, however, a local elite gained proficiency in Dutch so as to meet the needs of expanding bureaucracy and business.


Premise: What did they fear would happen?

Hypothesis: They refused to be put into just one category.


Premise: Who made the second reference to the word Christian in the Bible?

Hypothesis: The second mention of the term follows in Acts 26:28, where Herod Agrippa II replied to Paul the Apostle, "Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian.


Premise: Charleston Harbor is an inlet of what ocean?

Hypothesis: Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area.


Premise: On the ten point scale what would an asexual person be considered as?

Hypothesis: A heterosexual individual may be A0, B5; a homosexual individual may be A5, B0; an asexual would be A0, B0; and someone with an intense attraction to both sexes would be A9, B9.


Premise: How many secondary school students attend comprehensive schools in England?

Hypothesis: About 90% of British secondary school pupils now attend comprehensive schools.


Premise: To what is the organic matter in asphalt similar?

Hypothesis: Asphalt/bitumen is similar to the organic matter in carbonaceous meteorites.


Premise: Which team member has his own fan following?

Hypothesis: One of the torch attendants, dubbed "Second Right Brother," has developed a significant online fan-base, particularly among China's female netizens.


Premise: How were the Ghaznavids different from the original Turkics that migrated into Iran?

Hypothesis: These Turks had been Persianized and had adopted Persian models of administration and rulership.


Premise: Where did Roger Williams establish a Baptist church?

Hypothesis: In 1639, Williams established a Baptist church in Providence, Rhode Island, and Clarke began a Baptist church in Newport, Rhode Island.


Premise: What year was an underwater telegraph line made that connected Montevideo with Buenos Aires?

Hypothesis: In 1866, an underwater telegraph line connected the city with Buenos Aires.


Premise: What did retroactively applying the ESA95 methodology result in raising the budget deficit to?

Hypothesis: However, it was the retroactive application of ESA95 methodology (applied since 2000) by Eurostat, that finally raised the reference year (1999) budget deficit to 3.38% of GDP, thus exceeding the 3% limit.


Premise: What is Darwin's belief about the accumulation of adaptive variations?

Hypothesis: He knew that his readers were already familiar with the concept of transmutation of species from Vestiges, and his introduction ridicules that work as failing to provide a viable mechanism.


Premise: Besides the County Cricket Ground, at what other cricket ground did the Hampshire County Cricket Club used to play?

Hypothesis: There is also the Southampton Evening Cricket League.


Premise: The New Delhi town plan was influenced by what type of architecture?

Hypothesis: All other decisions were subordinate to this, and it was this framework that dictated the choice and application of symbology and influences from both Hindu and Islamic architecture.


Premise: Who was in charge of the ship named Florida?

Hypothesis: On September 21, 1529, Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón commanded the Spanish ship Florida, on his second attempt to recross the Pacific from the Maluku Islands.


Premise: What concern did Hills raise about police models?

Hypothesis: Police development-aid to weak, failed or failing states is another form of transnational policing that has garnered attention.


Premise: What type of art is shown in The Museo Carrillo Gil?

Hypothesis: The Museo Tamayo was opened in the mid-1980s to house the collection of international contemporary art donated by famed Mexican (born in the state of Oaxaca) painter Rufino Tamayo.


Premise: What did the pamphlet that Asa Gray published defend?

Hypothesis: Eventually it was realised that supernatural intervention could not be a scientific explanation, and naturalistic mechanisms such as neo-Lamarckism were favoured over natural selection as being more compatible with purpose.


Premise: At what company were Meucci's prototypes supposedly lost?

Hypothesis: Meucci's evidence in this case was disputed due to a lack of material evidence for his inventions as his working models were purportedly lost at the laboratory of American District Telegraph (ADT) of New York, which was later incorporated as a subsidiary of Western Union in 1901.


Premise: what year did the EIC have 26,000 troops in their employ

Hypothesis: In its first century and half, the EIC used a few hundred soldiers as guards.


Premise: What type of window is often found above the main portal at cathedrals in France such as the Reims Cathedral?

Hypothesis: Above the main portal there is generally a large window, like that at York Minster, or a group of windows such as those at Ripon Cathedral.


Premise: When was his nomination as apostolic visitor made official?

Hypothesis: His nomination as apostolic visitor was made official on 19 March.


Premise: What did India declare Hyderabad om 2012?

Hypothesis: After the 1908 flooding of the Musi River, the city was expanded and civic monuments constructed, particularly during the rule of Mir Osman Ali Khan (the VIIth Nizam), whose patronage of architecture led to him being referred to as the maker of modern Hyderabad.


Premise: When did Manchu ethnicity become important again in the Eight Banners?

Hypothesis: It was in Qianlong's reign that the Qianlong Emperor, concerned about maintaining Manchu identity, re-emphasized Manchu ethnicity, ancestry, language, and culture in the Eight Banners and started a mass discharge of Han Bannermen from the Eight Banners, either asking them to voluntarily resign from the Banner rolls or striking their names off.


Premise: When did Queen + Adam Lambert perform at the iHeartRadio Music Festival?

Hypothesis: On 20 September 2013, Queen + Adam Lambert performed at the iHeartRadio Music Festival at the MGM Grand Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas.


Premise: What person suggested a landing spot for helicopters near the epicenter?

Hypothesis: For example, the official news agency Xinhua set up an online rescue request center in order to find the blind spots of disaster recovery.


Premise: What was he also known as?

Hypothesis: He was known affectionately as "Good Pope John".


Premise: Who constructed the Bitumont oil separation plant?

Hypothesis: Other roads in Alberta were paved with oil sands, but it was generally not economic.


Premise: How many bus lines does the Optile Consortium manage?

Hypothesis: The syndicate coordinates public transport and contracts it out to the RATP (operating 347 bus lines, the Métro, eight tramway lines, and sections of the RER), the SNCF (operating suburban rails, one tramway line and the other sections of the RER) and the Optile consortium of private operators managing 1,176 bus lines.


Premise: What is the primary use of Compact Disc + Graphics?

Hypothesis: The disc can be played on a regular audio CD player, but when played on a special CD+G player, it can output a graphics signal (typically, the CD+G player is hooked up to a television set or a computer monitor); these graphics are almost exclusively used to display lyrics on a television set for karaoke performers to sing along with.


Premise: Spectre passed which movie to have the largest per screen opening average?

Hypothesis: The film also broke the record for the best per-screen opening average with $110,000, a record previously held by The Dark Knight with $100,200.


Premise: Digital physicists consider what to be more important than matter?

Hypothesis: Their objections were also shared by some founders of quantum theory, such as Max Planck, who wrote:


Premise: What 2 techniques did Von Neumann use to exclude sets in his doctoral thesis in 1925?

Hypothesis: In his doctoral thesis of 1925, von Neumann demonstrated two techniques to exclude such sets—the axiom of foundation and the notion of class.


Premise: Which pope declared that cardinals would be from Rome?

Hypothesis: In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour.


Premise: In some countries there is no formal deal but what that makes prosecuting bribes difficult?

Hypothesis: Furthermore, such a dissociation makes the prosecution of bribery offences easier since it can be very difficult to prove that two parties (the bribe-giver and the bribe-taker) have formally agreed upon a corrupt deal.


Premise: When were plans for Twilight Princess HD revealed?

Hypothesis: The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD, is being developed by Tantalus Media for the Wii U. Officially announced during a Nintendo Direct presentation on November 12, 2015, it features enhanced graphics and Amiibo functionality.


Premise: What can pathogenes cause?

Hypothesis: Pathogenic bacteria are a major cause of human death and disease and cause infections such as tetanus, typhoid fever, diphtheria, syphilis, cholera, foodborne illness, leprosy and tuberculosis.


Premise: In what year did Pfizer's patent over Lipitor expire?

Hypothesis: The top ten best-selling drugs of 2013 totaled $75.6 billion in sales, with the anti-inflammatory drug Humira being the best-selling drug worldwide at $10.7 billion in sales.


Premise: Which film had Robbie Williams performing a cover of Queen's We Are the Champions?

Hypothesis: In 2006, Brittany Murphy also recorded a cover of the same song for the 2006 film Happy Feet.


Premise: How many days of the year does San Diego typically experience temperatures above 70 degrees Fahrenheit ?

Hypothesis: The city has a mild climate year-round, with an average of 201 days above 70 °F (21 °C) and low rainfall (9–13 inches


Premise: What was the result of the War of Independence?

Hypothesis: The creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates (for example, Medri Bahri and the Sultanate of Aussa) eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea.


Premise: In the early 2000s, what type bubble did some economists believe the Fed needed to create to replace the Nasdaq bubble?

Hypothesis: As early as 2002 it was apparent that credit was fueling housing instead of business investment as some economists went so far as to advocate that the Fed "needs to create a housing bubble to replace the Nasdaq bubble".


Premise: A party's consent to a treaty is invalid if it had been given by an agent or body without power to do so under what?

Hypothesis: States are reluctant to inquire into the internal affairs and processes of other states, and so a "manifest violation" is required such that it would be "objectively evident to any State dealing with the matter".


Premise: What school was Trubetzkoy a member of?

Hypothesis: An influential school of phonology in the interwar period was the Prague school.


Premise: Who was the brother of Hassan ibn 'Ali?

Hypothesis: They support their discussion by citing Genesis 17:19–20 and Sunni hadith:Sahih Muslim, Hadith number 4478, English translation by Abdul Hamid Siddiqui.[original research?]


Premise: What team did the owner of the Detroit Drive buy that led him to sell the Drive?

Hypothesis: One of the league's early success stories was the Detroit Drive.


Premise: Who established the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia?

Hypothesis: Throughout its history, the kingdom of Armenia enjoyed both periods of independence and periods of autonomy subject to contemporary empires.


Premise: At what conventions did Microsoft announce IPTV support through the 360?

Hypothesis: At the 2007, 2008, and 2009 Consumer Electronics Shows, Microsoft had announced that IPTV services would soon be made available to use through the Xbox 360.


Premise: What is Oklahoma's nickname?

Hypothesis: The state's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma, meaning "red people".


Premise: Many deaths occurred before World War II due to what?

Hypothesis: Compared to arsphenamine, the sulfonamides had a broader spectrum of activity and were far less toxic, rendering them useful for infections caused by pathogens such as streptococci.


Premise: How much of Inner Bostons land area did not exist when the city was founded?

Hypothesis: More than two-thirds of inner Boston's modern land area did not exist when the city was founded, but was created via the gradual filling in of the surrounding tidal areas over the centuries, notably with earth from the leveling or lowering of Boston's three original hills (the "Trimountain", after which Tremont Street is named), and with gravel brought by train from Needham to fill the Back Bay.


Premise: In what year did the city vote to change to a strong mayor government?

Hypothesis: In 2006, the city's form of government changed from a council–manager government to a strong mayor government.


Premise: How many inches of snow does Detroit get on average?

Hypothesis: Snowfall, which typically falls in measurable amounts between November 15 through April 4 (occasionally in October and very rarely in May), averages 42.5 inches (108 cm) per season, although historically ranging from 11.5 in (29 cm) in 1881−82 to 94.9 in (241 cm) in 2013−14.


Premise: In 1995, who decided to manage the girls singing group?

Hypothesis: They were placed into a group with three other girls as Girl's Tyme, and rapped and danced on the talent show circuit in Houston.


Premise: At what age did Phil Skinner begin playing music?

Hypothesis: Skinner began teaching part-time at age 18, until the Great Depression forced him to begin teaching full-time and learn a broader range of instruments.


Premise: Where do people dress in masks and costume?

Hypothesis: In Catalonia people dress in masks and costume (often in themed groups) and organize a week-long series of parties, pranks, outlandish activities such as bed races, street dramas satirizing public figures and raucous processions to welcome the arrival of Sa Majestat el Rei Carnestoltes (His Majesty King Carnival), known by various titles, including el Rei dels poca-soltes (King of the Crackpots), Princep etern de Cornudella


Premise: In what year did Canada put out a coin to commemorate the Silver Dart?

Hypothesis: Additionally, the Government of Canada honored Bell in 1997 with a C$100 gold coin, in tribute also to the 150th anniversary of his birth, and with a silver dollar coin in 2009 in honor of the 100th anniversary of flight in Canada.


Premise: Is refraining from touching a hot stoce a common sense or culturally-relative standard?

Hypothesis: They begin to differentiate between rules instituted out of common sense—not touching a hot stove—and those that are based on culturally-relative standards (codes of etiquette, not dating until a certain age), a delineation that younger children do not make.


Premise: What was the City Island Historical Society and Nautical Museum's building originally?

Hypothesis: The City Island Historical Society and Nautical Museum occupies a former public school designed by the New York City school system's turn-of-the-last-century master architect C. B. J. Snyder.


Premise: What is copra?

Hypothesis: Rubber has been produced in Samoa for many years, but its export value has little impact on the economy.[citation needed]


Premise: What was Tito's former name?

Hypothesis: Broz himself explains:


Premise: Who rejected Academic Skepticism in favor of Neoplatonism?

Hypothesis: The academy would eventually turn to Academic Skepticism under Arcesilaus until it was rejected by Antiochus of Ascalon (c. 90 BCE) in favor of Neoplatonism.


Premise: Which king of Prussia saw himself as the leader of the Enlightenment?

Hypothesis: Voltaire, who had been imprisoned and maltreated by the French government, was eager to accept Frederick's invitation to live at his palace.


Premise: What makes glass melt at a lower temperature?

Hypothesis: The viscosity decrease of lead glass melt is very significant (roughly 100 times in comparison with soda glasses); this allows easier removal of bubbles and working at lower temperatures, hence its frequent use as an additive in vitreous enamels and glass solders.


Premise: What did the United States Army begin to develop after the first World War?

Hypothesis: After World War I the US Army started developing a dual-role (AA/ground) automatic 37 mm cannon, designed by John M. Browning.


Premise: What is a VISP?

Hypothesis: A virtual ISP (VISP) is an operation that purchases services from another ISP, sometimes called a wholesale ISP in this context, which allow the VISP's customers to access the Internet using services and infrastructure owned and operated by the wholesale ISP.


Premise: In what part of Kathmandu is Swayambhu located?

Hypothesis: This is among the oldest religious sites in Nepal.


Premise: Who served as Eisenhower's vice president?

Hypothesis: He otherwise left most political activity to his Vice President, Richard Nixon.


Premise: What is external evidence?

Hypothesis: The role of the textual critic is necessary when these basic criteria are in conflict.


Premise: In what year had the Passion of Christ murals by Rothko end up ruined?

Hypothesis: Within five years the deep pinks and reds had begun to turn light blue, and by 1979 the paintings were ruined and had to be taken down.


Premise: How many clubs entered in 2007-08?

Hypothesis: In the 2004–05 season, 660 clubs entered the competition, beating the long-standing record of 656 from the 1921–22 season.


Premise: In which year did the University of Tennessee begin competing in the Southeastern Conference of the NCAA?

Hypothesis: In addition, the women's basketball team has won a host of SEC regular-season and tournament titles along with 8 national titles.


Premise: Has the joining brought about any changes in the region ?

Hypothesis: Several activists in exile, including Thee Lay Thee Anyeint members, have returned to Myanmar after President Thein Sein's invitation to expatriates to return home to work for national development.


Premise: Encyclopedia Britannica defined literature in its 1911 editions how?

Hypothesis: The value judgement definition of literature considers it to exclusively include writing that possesses high quality or distinction, forming part of the so-called belles-lettres ('fine writing') tradition.


Premise: What did the 2008 OECD report show the average tourist expenditure while in Greece was?

Hypothesis: Greece attracts more than 16 million tourists each year, thus contributing 18.2% to the nation's GDP in 2008 according to an OECD report.


Premise: When did releasing music indepentently really hit popularity?

Hypothesis: These DIY imperatives would help form the production and distribution infrastructure of post-punk and the indie music scene that later blossomed in the mid-1980s.


Premise: On what date did Gray and Bell both put in for a patent?

Hypothesis: There is considerable debate about who arrived first and Gray later challenged the primacy of Bell's patent.


Premise: Why are sodas and high sugar fruit juices not recommended?

Hypothesis: A too rich solution in the gut draws water from the rest of the body, just as if the person were to drink sea water.


Premise: What specifies a particular trait with a different sequence of alleles?

Hypothesis: According to Mendelian inheritance, variations in an organism's phenotype (observable physical and behavioral characteristics) are due in part to variations in its genotype (particular set of genes).


Premise: What do hysteresis synchronous motors' rotors do when slip rate decreases?

Hypothesis: Finally, hysteresis synchronous motors typically are (essentially) two-phase motors with a phase-shifting capacitor for one phase.


Premise: What does the Italian term for their winter time, ora solare, translate to in English?

Hypothesis: In Britain, Willett's 1907 proposal used the term daylight saving, but by 1911 the term summer time replaced daylight saving time in draft legislation.


Premise: In the early 1920s, what was the second most highly populated city in the world?

Hypothesis: New York became the most populous urbanized area in the world in the early 1920s, overtaking London.


Premise: Where is the Circuit Court located?

Hypothesis: The Circuit Court is located across Gratiot Ave.


Premise: Who was the main character of 'Bonfire of the Vanities'?

Hypothesis: By contrast, Tom Wolfe's Bonfire of the Vanities (1987) portrays a wealthy, white protagonist, Sherman McCoy, getting lost off the Major Deegan Expressway in the South Bronx and having an altercation with locals.


Premise: What is an opening through the head called?

Hypothesis: The mixture of saliva and food then travels through the salivary tubes into the mouth, where it begins to break down.


Premise: What was Nasser's goal?

Hypothesis: From his readings, Nasser, who frequently spoke of "dignity, glory, and freedom" in his youth, became enchanted with the stories of national liberators and heroic conquerors; a military career became his chief priority.


Premise: There is false belief that the current uniforms were first worn for what event?

Hypothesis: The long-standing claim that the present uniform was first worn as mourning for the death of George III is unfounded.


Premise: Who disarmed Japan's Buddhist monks?

Hypothesis: Attacking from the "sanctuary" of Buddhist temples, they were constant headaches to any warlord and even the Emperor who tried to control their actions.


Premise: What radio station is operated by the public school system?

Hypothesis: (affiliated with Bellevue College), and high school radio KNHC-FM 89.5, which broadcasts an electronic dance music radio format and is owned by the public school system and operated by students of Nathan Hale High School.


Premise: In what year did the War of Attrition begin?

Hypothesis: In March, Nasser offered Yasser Arafat's Fatah movement arms and funds after their performance against Israeli forces in the Battle of Karameh that month.


Premise: Which Total War game has an expansion set during the Heian period?

Hypothesis: It allows the player to make their own version of the Gempei War which happened during the Heian period.


Premise: Who was the runner up of Idol?

Hypothesis: Nick Fradiani won the season, defeating Clark Beckham.


Premise: How long did he spend in the desert?

Hypothesis: Through the influence of the Eusebian faction at Constantinople, an Arian bishop, George of Cappadocia, was now appointed to rule the see of Alexandria.


Premise: What government had exploitation rights for bitumen extraction?

Hypothesis: Since 1945, the mine was exploited by the Albanian government and from 2001 to date, the management passed to a French company, which organized the mining process for the manufacture of the natural bitumen on an industrial scale.


Premise: By what year was the Roman Empire split into two sections?

Hypothesis: The attacks of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period and the start of the Middle Ages.


Premise: Who contests the existence of the Armenian Genocide?

Hypothesis: Turkish authorities deny the genocide took place to this day.


Premise: Which parts of the UK have more control over their BBC broadcasts?

Hypothesis: The other nations of the United Kingdom (Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland) have been granted more autonomy from the English network; for example, programmes are mostly introduced by local announcers, rather than by those in London.


Premise: In what year did Eisenhower propose his second civil rights act?

Hypothesis: The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil rights office inside the Justice Department and a Civil Rights Commission to hear testimony about abuses of voting rights.


Premise: Where did John von Neumann circulate the first draft of a report on the EDVAC?

Hypothesis: John von Neumann at the University of Pennsylvania, also circulated his First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC in 1945.


Premise: What former president's supporters are set to be executed?

Hypothesis: By May 2014, approximately 16,000 people (and as high as more than 40,000 by one independent count), mostly Brotherhood members or supporters, have been imprisoned after the coup  after the Muslim Brotherhood was labelled as terrorist organisation by the post-coup interim Egyptian government.


Premise: What is another popular madonlin tuning?

Hypothesis: Another prevalent tuning with these intervals is C-G-C-G, which corresponds to Sa-Pa-Sa-Pa in the Indian carnatic classical music style.


Premise: What group of people came with others who left the geographical and historical region in southeastern Europe, now a mutual  region between Greece and Albania ?

Hypothesis: Traditionally, historians have believed that the Dorian invasion caused the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization, but it is likely the main attack was made by seafaring raiders (sea peoples) who sailed into the eastern Mediterranean around 1180 BC.


Premise: Where is Space Center Houston?

Hypothesis: The Theater District is a 17-block area in the center of downtown Houston that is home to the Bayou Place entertainment complex, restaurants, movies, plazas, and parks.


Premise: How many individual ratings contributed to Metacritics score?

Hypothesis: Spectre has received mixed reviews, with many reviewers either giving the film highly positive or highly negative feedback.


Premise: Where sort of activism did Gaddafi promote while attending secondary school?

Hypothesis: Maintaining his interest in Arab nationalist activism, he refused to join any of the banned political parties active in the city – including the Arab Nationalist Movement, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and the Muslim Brotherhood – claiming he rejected factionalism.


Premise: What did women commonly have less of?

Hypothesis: Instead, punishments were commonly monetary fines, periods of forced hard labor for convicts, and the penalty of death by beheading.


Premise: What type of disc was initially used to connect access to Netflix for PS3?

Hypothesis: In October 2009, Sony Computer Entertainment and Netflix announced that the Netflix streaming service would also be available on PlayStation 3 in the United States.


Premise: In 2000 what percentage of the population had access to safe drinking water?

Hypothesis: Mali's health and development indicators rank among the worst in the world.


Premise: When was a dam built for the river?

Hypothesis: In the 1940s, a dam was built on the river to manage the flood control and reduced its level.


Premise: What is the oldest resident professional theater company in Oklahoma?

Hypothesis: Prominent theatre companies in Oklahoma include, in the capital city, Oklahoma City Theatre Company, Carpenter Square Theatre, Oklahoma Shakespeare in the Park, and CityRep.


Premise: What type of reptiles were common during the early Triassic?

Hypothesis: Ammonites were common in the seas around Antarctica, and dinosaurs were also present, though only three Antarctic dinosaur genera (Cryolophosaurus and Glacialisaurus, from the Hanson Formation, and Antarctopelta) have been described to date.


Premise: In which areas are the four standard Serbo-Croatian variants spoken?

Hypothesis: Daniel Bunčić concludes that it is a pluricentric language, with four standard variants spoken in Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina.


Premise: From what did this new princedom emerge from?

Hypothesis: This princedom emerged from a coalition of traditional patriarchic family communes banded together in an effort to increase the applicable workforce and expand the productivity of the land.


Premise: Following the incident, which magazine contacted Larry McKinney?

Hypothesis: As the Kulluk oil rig was being towed to the American state of Washington to be serviced in preparation for the 2013 drilling season, a winter storm on 27 December 2012 caused the towing crews, as well as the rescue service, to lose control of the situation.


Premise: The first spacecraft to make it to the Moon was what?

Hypothesis: The 730-pound (330 kg) Ranger 4 became the first US spacecraft to reach the Moon, but its solar panels and navigational system failed near the Moon and it impacted the far side without returning any scientific data.


Premise: What mountains are located in Switzerland and France?

Hypothesis: Series of lower mountain ranges run parallel to the main chain of the Alps, including the French Prealps in France and the Jura Mountains in Switzerland and France.


Premise: When did CAR become independent?

Hypothesis: What is today the Central African Republic has been inhabited for millennia; however, the country's current borders were established by France, which ruled the country as a colony starting in the late 19th century.


Premise: Where do the Amtrak and Coaster trains primarily run?

Hypothesis: The Amtrak and Coaster trains currently run along the coastline and connect San Diego with Los Angeles, Orange County, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura via Metrolink and the Pacific Surfliner.


Premise: What did Gorbachev hope to create?

Hypothesis: Frustrated by the old guard's resistance, Gorbachev embarked on a set of constitutional changes to try to separate party and state, and thereby isolate his conservative Party opponents.


Premise: What year did the International Astronomical Union define the word planet?

Hypothesis: The discovery of the Kuiper belt in 1992 led many astronomers to debate whether Pluto should be considered a planet or as part of the Kuiper belt.


Premise: What can Plainsong or Gregorian chant also be called?

Hypothesis: Monophonic chant, also called plainsong or Gregorian chant, was the dominant form until about 1100.


Premise: Who was in charge of the Centralab Division of Globe Union when the PCB used in anti-aircraft fuses was invented?

Hypothesis: During World War II, the development of the anti-aircraft proximity fuse required an electronic circuit that could withstand being fired from a gun, and could be produced in quantity.


Premise: By having 3 members on the council in Calcutta from the British Government they were always able to ____ the two EIC members?

Hypothesis: The three members nominated by Parliament and representing the Government's interest could, and invariably would, outvote the two Company members.


Premise: Who was responsible for first isolating uranium?

Hypothesis: Eugène-Melchior Péligot was the first person to isolate the metal and its radioactive properties were discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel.


Premise: When is it preferable to consider two group elements to be the same?

Hypothesis: For example, in D4 above, once a reflection is performed, the square never gets back to the r2 configuration by just applying the rotation operations (and no further reflections), i.e. the rotation operations are irrelevant to the question whether a reflection has been performed.


Premise: What merged companies are the largest pay TV entity in the world?

Hypothesis: Comcast Corporation, formerly registered as Comcast Holdings,[note 1] is an American multinational mass media company and is the largest broadcasting and largest cable company in the world by revenue.


Premise: In his review Schumann made note of Chopin's emotions for what?

Hypothesis: Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November 1830 rising], their appeal to us artists is even stronger ...


Premise: What PC Mag. staffer picked PS3 over Xbox in June, 2012?

Hypothesis: In September 2009, IGN named PlayStation 3 the 15th best gaming console of all time, behind both of its competitors: Wii (10th) and Xbox 360 (6th).


Premise: When did the torch arrive in Islamabad?

Hypothesis: The relay was initially supposed to carry the torch around Islamabad, but the entire relay was cancelled due to security concerns regarding "militant threats or anti-China protests", and replaced by an indoors ceremony with the torch carried around the track of Jinnah Stadium.


Premise: What metropolitan area lies beyond the Metropolitan Green Belt?

Hypothesis: Outward urban expansion is now prevented by the Metropolitan Green Belt, although the built-up area extends beyond the boundary in places, resulting in a separately defined Greater London Urban Area.


Premise: What beverage was consumed by all the classes in the Roman Republic?

Hypothesis: Wine was considered the basic drink, consumed at all meals and occasions by all classes and was quite inexpensive.


Premise: How larger is Egypt?

Hypothesis: Egypt is a Mediterranean country.


Premise: How many Norfolk Island residents voted on May 8, 2015?

Hypothesis: On 8 May 2015, voters were asked if Norfolk Islanders should freely determine their political status and their economic, social and cultural development, and to "be consulted at referendum or plebiscite on the future model of governance for Norfolk Island before such changes are acted upon by the Australian parliament".


Premise: Which group was created after a Senate hearing on comic books content?

Hypothesis: Following a sales peak in the early 1950s, the content of comic books (particularly crime and horror) was subjected to scrutiny from parent groups and government agencies, which culminated in Senate hearings that led to the establishment of the Comics Code Authority self-censoring body.