Premise: What is the one way Hayek argued that resource distribution could succeed?

Hypothesis: Building on the earlier work of Ludwig von Mises and others, Hayek also argued that while in centrally planned economies an individual or a select group of individuals must determine the distribution of resources, these planners will never have enough information to carry out this allocation reliably.


Premise: How many weeks pass before the monarch receives a bill from the Presiding Officer?

Hypothesis: Royal assent is the final stage in the legislative process for acts of the Scottish parliament.


Premise: When did the first rudiments of state organizations appear among the Slavs?

Hypothesis: Moreover, it was the beginnings of class differentiation, and nobles pledged allegiance either to the Frankish/ Holy Roman Emperors or the Byzantine Emperors.


Premise: Which verse in Luke states that Mary had "no relations with man" before Jesus' birth?

Hypothesis: The authors of the Gospels of Matthew and Luke consider Jesus' conception not the result of intercourse and assert that Mary had "no relations with man" before Jesus' birth.[Mt 1:18]


Premise: Who is said to have ran the first shop?

Hypothesis: There is confusion currently as to the name of the eldest Vinaccia luthier who first ran the shop.


Premise: How is adolescence defined socially?

Hypothesis: Peer groups are especially important during adolescence, a period of development characterized by a dramatic increase in time spent with peers and a decrease in adult supervision.


Premise: On which road does 120th Street begin?

Hypothesis: It then continues through Spanish Harlem; when it crosses Pleasant Avenue it becomes a two‑way street and continues nearly to the East River, where for automobiles, it turns north and becomes Paladino Avenue, and for pedestrians, continues as a bridge across FDR Drive.


Premise: What type of symbiosis seen between bryozoans and hermit crabs?

Hypothesis: Another non-obligate symbiosis is known from encrusting bryozoans and hermit crabs that live in a close relationship.


Premise: In what town is the oldest neoclassical architecture in Hungary?

Hypothesis: The earliest examples of neoclassical architecture in Hungary may be found in Vác.


Premise: Who hosted Essentials Jr. between 2009 and 2011?

Hypothesis: Who Knew Too Much.


Premise: Who wrote Epistolae?

Hypothesis: Almost all the books published in Paris in the Middle Ages were in Latin, rather than French.


Premise: What's the name of the cave system

Hypothesis: The Parrett is tidal almost to Langport, where there is evidence of two Roman wharfs.


Premise: Where is the most chicken enjoyed in Burma ?

Hypothesis: Mohinga is the traditional breakfast dish and is Myanmar's national dish.


Premise: When Victoria was established as a seperate colony, the need for what followed?

Hypothesis: The 1850s and 1860s saw the commencement of Parliament House, the Treasury Building, the Old Melbourne Gaol, Victoria Barracks, the State Library, University, General Post Office, Customs House, the Melbourne Town Hall, St Patrick's cathedral, though many remained uncompleted for decades, with some still not finished.


Premise: Initially prajna is attained at a conceptual level by means of listening to what?

Hypothesis: Once the conceptual understanding is attained, it is applied to daily life so that each Buddhist can verify the truth of the Buddha's teaching at a practical level.


Premise: Which Enlightenment philosophers sought accomodatin between reform and the traditional systems of power and faith?

Hypothesis: There were two distinct lines of Enlightenment thought: the radical enlightenment, inspired by the philosophy of Spinoza, advocating democracy, individual liberty, freedom of expression, and eradication of religious authority; and a second, more moderate variety, supported by René Descartes, John Locke, Christian Wolff, Isaac Newton and others, which sought accommodation between reform and the traditional systems of power and faith.


Premise: Which engineers came up with the first mechanical clocks?

Hypothesis: Arab inventors and engineers in particular made improvements on the use of water clocks up to the Middle Ages.


Premise: What pre-historic group did bacteria evolve from?

Hypothesis: The ancestors of modern bacteria were unicellular microorganisms that were the first forms of life to appear on Earth, about 4 billion years ago.


Premise: What day did the business that first rang a bell to begin in the winter of 2014 in Myanmar open its doors to customers?

Hypothesis: The Yangon Stock Exchange (YSX) officially opened for business on Friday, March 25, 2016.


Premise: What was launched in 1987 under the name Audicom?

Hypothesis: Twenty years later, almost all the radio stations in the world were using similar technology manufactured by a number of companies.


Premise: What was concluded about the construction?

Hypothesis: An article in Science suggested that the construction and filling of the Zipingpu Dam may have triggered the earthquake.


Premise: When did the Buerau take over and begin to expant the ATC system?

Hypothesis: In 1936, the Bureau itself took over the centers and began to expand the ATC system.


Premise: What are large companies relying on outside organizations for?

Hypothesis: More recently, multi-nationals are increasingly relying on contract research organizations to manage drug development.


Premise: Do lifestyle changes definitely have an affect on long term memory?

Hypothesis: No long term follow up was conducted, it is therefore unclear if this intervention has lasting effects on memory.


Premise: Where did the Tucson Sidewinders move to?

Hypothesis: Legal issues derailed the plans to build the Escondido stadium, so they moved to El Paso, Texas for the 2014 season.


Premise: What nation founded New Amsterdam?

Hypothesis: It has been the country's largest city since 1790.


Premise: What determines the speed in which mail reaches Guam from the United States?

Hypothesis: Incoming mail not from the Americas should be addressed to "Guam" instead of "USA" to avoid being routed the long way through the U.S. mainland and possibly charged a higher rate (especially from Asia).


Premise: Who made William Adams a samurai?

Hypothesis: The English sailor and adventurer William Adams (1564–1620) was the first Westerner to receive the dignity of samurai.


Premise: What percentage of students were admitted to Notre Dame in fall 2015?

Hypothesis: Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States.


Premise: What type of animal crosses between Europe and Africa during the Autumn?

Hypothesis: Portugal is an important stopover for migratory birds, in places such as Cape St. Vincent or the Monchique mountains, where thousands of birds cross from Europe to Africa during the autumn or in the spring (return migration).


Premise: In which year did the Synod of Constantinople confirm the veneration of images of Mary?

Hypothesis: The icon of the Virgin Theotokos with Christ is without doubt the most venerated icon in the Orthodox Church.


Premise: How many judges and prosecutors does Portugal have per 100,000 inhabitants?

Hypothesis: By EU and USA standards, Portugal's justice system was internationally known as being slow and inefficient, and by 2011 it was the second slowest in Western Europe (after Italy); conversely, Portugal has one of the highest rates of judges and prosecutors—over 30 per 100,000 people.


Premise: What is another connotation for the 51st state label?

Hypothesis: In Canada, "the 51st state" is a phrase generally used in such a way as to imply that if a certain political course is taken, Canada's destiny will be as little more than a part of the United States.


Premise: What is the largest nationwide broadcaster in San Diego?

Hypothesis: The radio stations in San Diego include nationwide broadcaster, Clear Channel Communications; CBS Radio, Midwest Television, Lincoln Financial Media, Finest City Broadcasting, and many other smaller stations and networks.


Premise: Along with the Dallas Vigilantes, what expansion team was announced in 2010?

Hypothesis: In addition to the historical teams, the league added two new expansion franchises, the Dallas Vigilantes and the Jacksonville Sharks.


Premise: An app produced with the iPhone SDK can only run on what devices?

Hypothesis: Apple has not publicly released a software development kit (SDK) for iPod-specific development.


Premise: Who was the author of the book, "Survivals of Roman Religion?"

Hypothesis: Ephesus is a cultic centre of Mary, the site of the first Church dedicated to her and the rumoured place of her death.


Premise: When did  Captain Henry Every attack the Indian Fleet

Hypothesis: In September 1695, Captain Henry Every, an English pirate on board the Fancy, reached the Straits of Bab-el-Mandeb, where he teamed up with five other pirate captains to make an attack on the Indian fleet making the annual voyage to Mocha.


Premise: What materials are underpinning the land surface of Houston?

Hypothesis: These sediments consist of a series of sands and clays deposited on decaying organic marine matter, that over time, transformed into oil and natural gas.


Premise: Danelaw, established by the Vikings, covered what  geographical area?

Hypothesis: The Vikings established Danelaw over much of the eastern and northern part of England with its boundary roughly stretching from London to Chester.


Premise: In which century did the process become much cheaper than before?

Hypothesis: In the 19th century, industrial manufacture greatly lowered its cost, enabling mass exchange of information and contributing to significant cultural shifts.


Premise: Who was the Chairman of Augusta National and friend to Eisenhower?

Hypothesis: He had a small, basic golf facility installed at Camp David, and became close friends with the Augusta National Chairman Clifford Roberts, inviting Roberts to stay at the White House on several occasions.


Premise: What silent movie film star who made movies such as The Little Tramp hailed from London?

Hypothesis: As of 2008[update], the British Academy Film Awards have taken place at the Royal Opera House.


Premise: What type of institution is the Notre Dame?

Hypothesis: NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States.


Premise: Where did this dynasty form?

Hypothesis: The dynasty was founded by the Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria.


Premise: The nationality is also declared by diasporans living where?

Hypothesis: The nationality is also declared by diasporans living in the USA and Canada.


Premise: What era followed the  The Neolithic 2 (PPNB) era?

Hypothesis: The Neolithic 2 (PPNB) began around 8,800 BCE according to the ASPRO chronology in the Levant (Jericho, Israel).


Premise: What year was Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua china written?

Hypothesis: Xiamen University has also developed an alphabet based on Pinyin, which has been published in a dictionary called the Minnan Fangyan-Putonghua Cidian (閩南方言普通話詞典) and a language teaching book, which is used to teach the language to foreigners and Chinese non-speakers.


Premise: What type of volcano forms the archipelago?

Hypothesis: The volcano is one part of a range that was formed as part of the same process that formed the floor of the Atlantic, and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.


Premise: The new roadway prompted a partnership between which two companies?

Hypothesis: The new roadway prompted Boyd Gaming in partnership with MGM/Mirage to build Atlantic City's newest casino.


Premise: How much money was the damage worth?

Hypothesis: The blast shockwave destroyed or damaged 324 buildings within a 340-meter radius, destroyed or burned 86 cars, and shattered glass in 258 nearby buildings, causing at least an estimated $652 million worth of damage.


Premise: When was the Yale School of Medicine established?

Hypothesis: In 1887, as the college continued to grow under the presidency of Timothy Dwight V, Yale College was renamed Yale University.


Premise: In what year did the American Law Institute create a death penalty framework for the Model Penal Code?

Hypothesis: In October 2009, the American Law Institute voted to disavow the framework for capital punishment that it had created in 1962, as part of the Model Penal Code, "in light of the current intractable institutional and structural obstacles to ensuring a minimally adequate system for administering capital punishment."


Premise: What makes Washington University unique among other American universities?

Hypothesis: Washington University is unusual among major American universities in not having had a prior financial endowment.


Premise: How many different players have won or shared the top scorer title in the Premier League?

Hypothesis: Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 14 different players from 10 different clubs have won or shared the top scorers title.


Premise: In what building do law students attend classes at KU?

Hypothesis: The University of Kansas School of Law was the top law school in the state of Kansas, and 68th nationally, according to the 2014 U.S. News & World Report "Best Graduate Schools" edition.


Premise: What may modern humans be the only survivor of several species of?

Hypothesis: There is no easy way to determine when clothing was first developed, but some information has been inferred by studying lice.


Premise: Around when did the United States and United Kingdom began to develop different versions of cultural studies?

Hypothesis: The British version of cultural studies had originated in the 1950s and 1960s, mainly under the influence first of Richard Hoggart, E. P. Thompson, and Raymond Williams, and later that of Stuart Hall and others at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham.


Premise: When did Ruik past away?

Hypothesis: Rurik led the Rus' until his death in about 879, bequeathing his kingdom to his kinsman, Prince Oleg, as regent for his young son, Igor.


Premise: What happened to Joseph I in 1758?

Hypothesis: In 1758 Joseph I was wounded in an attempted assassination.


Premise: What is the head of Monaco's government called?

Hypothesis: A stand-out case is the President of Iran, who is not actually a head of state, but the head of the government of Iran.


Premise: What is said to be a special spiritual problem?

Hypothesis: In his work "On the Jews and Their Lies" (1543), German Reformation leader Martin Luther claims that Jewish history was "assailed by much heresy", and that Christ the logos swept away the Jewish heresy and goes on to do so, "as it still does daily before our eyes."


Premise: How many users are subscribed to Xbox Live?

Hypothesis: As of January 5, 2011, Xbox Live has over 30 million subscribers.


Premise: What does the recording industry call piracy?

Hypothesis: The Recording Industry Association of America, in particular, has been on the front lines of the fight against copyright infringement, which the industry calls "piracy".


Premise: What cultures architecture inspired Islamic architecture to use pointed arch's?

Hypothesis: Islamic architecture began in the 7th century CE, incorporating architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and Byzantium, but also developing features to suit the religious and social needs of the society.


Premise: Upon release, what interface allowed Mac users to sample Apple's new operating system and provide feedback for the actual release?

Hypothesis: It was released to the public in September 2000, as the Mac OS X Public Beta, featuring a revamped user interface called "Aqua".


Premise: Which parts of the UK have more control over their BBC broadcasts?

Hypothesis: schedules in the other UK nations can vary immensely from BBC One and BBC Two in England.


Premise: What are the root origins of the word madrasah?

Hypothesis: The word madrasah derives from the triconsonantal Semitic root د-ر-س D-R-S 'to learn, study', through the wazn (form/stem) مفعل(ة); mafʻal(ah), meaning "a place where something is done".


Premise: What war started in 2004?

Hypothesis: In May 2005 Bozizé won a presidential election that excluded Patassé and in 2006 fighting continued between the government and the rebels.


Premise: Where did the Arabs establish as the capital of the newly conquered territory?

Hypothesis: In 712, Arab Muslim general Muhammad bin Qasim conquered most of the Indus region in modern-day Pakistan for the Umayyad Empire, incorporating it as the "As-Sindh" province with its capital at Al-Mansurah, 72 km (45 mi) north of modern Hyderabad in Sindh, Pakistan.


Premise: Where did the Chinese stop the Operation Ichi-Go incursion?

Hypothesis: Japan was not any closer in defeating China after this operation, and the constant defeats the Japanese suffered in the Pacific meant that Japan never got the time and resources needed to achieve final victory over China.


Premise: What does data collected by unicef and Who show

Hypothesis: About one billion people have no sanitation facility whatsoever and continue to defecate in gutters, behind bushes or in open water bodies, with no dignity or privacy - which is called open defecation and which poses significant health risks.


Premise: If people's nutritional status and health changes, what could this affect in their daily routine?

Hypothesis: This could directly or indirectly cause drastic changes in their diet habits.


Premise: What hurricane years later after Katrina did the organization provide support for?

Hypothesis: The foundation has since expanded to work with other charities in the city, and also provided relief following Hurricane Ike three years later.


Premise: What is a fish whose genome has been sequenced?

Hypothesis: Among the thousands of completed genome sequencing projects include those for rice, a mouse, the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the puffer fish, and the bacteria E. coli.


Premise: How much in contributions did the Labour party get from January to Marrch 2008?

Hypothesis: Declining party membership, partially due to the reduction of activists' influence upon policy-making under the reforms of Neil Kinnock and Blair, also contributed to financial problems.


Premise: Which branch of the military was Lieutenant Thomas Selfridge in?

Hypothesis: Bell was a supporter of aerospace engineering research through the Aerial Experiment Association (AEA), officially formed at Baddeck, Nova Scotia, in October 1907 at the suggestion of his wife Mabel and with her financial support after the sale of some of her real estate.


Premise: What is the feature of zinc sufide that makes it useful in television screens?

Hypothesis: Zinc sulfide (ZnS) is used in luminescent pigments such as on the hands of clocks, X-ray and television screens, and luminous paints.


Premise: The energy difference between filled 3d and half-empty 4s atomic shells corresponds to what color of light?

Hypothesis: The same mechanism accounts for the yellow color of gold and caesium.


Premise: what hit house song did todd terry cover?

Hypothesis: His cover of Class Action's Larry Levan mixed "Weekend" demonstrated the continuum from the underground disco to a new house sound with hip-hop influences evident in the quicker sampling and the more rugged bass-line.


Premise: Despite FDA approval, how much more likely to die are patients who take bedaquiline in addition to the standard TB regimen?

Hypothesis: The safety and effectiveness of these new agents are still uncertain, because they are based on the results of a relatively small studies.


Premise: What did closer groove spacing result in?

Hypothesis: It also used the earlier advanced method of forward-looking control on groove spacing with respect to volume of sound and position on the disk.


Premise: How many vacuum tubes did the Atanasoff-Berry computer use?

Hypothesis: In the US, John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford E. Berry of Iowa State University developed and tested the Atanasoff–Berry Computer (ABC) in 1942, the first "automatic electronic digital computer".


Premise: What are the three most populist provinces in China?

Hypothesis: As of 1832, Sichuan was the most populous of the 18 provinces in China, with an estimated population at that time of 21 million.


Premise: From what passage is cited as being one of the first known examples of using the word heresy?

Hypothesis: One of the first examples of the word as translated from the Nag Hammadi's Apocalypse of Peter was" they will cleave to the name of a dead man thinking that they will become pure.


Premise: When was the Battle of the Styles contested?

Hypothesis: After about 1840, Georgian conventions were slowly abandoned as a number of revival styles, including Gothic Revival, that had originated in the Georgian period, developed and contested in Victorian architecture, and in the case of Gothic became better researched, and closer to their originals.


Premise: How many Boers were taken prisoner during the Second Boer War?

Hypothesis: Napoleon was imprisoned there in exile by the British, as were Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo (for leading a Zulu army against British rule) and more than 5,000 Boers taken prisoner during the Second Boer War.


Premise: What award did Hayek receive in 1974?

Hypothesis: Hayek shared the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Gunnar Myrdal for his "pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and ... penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena."


Premise: Who took control of the whole of Central Tibet?

Hypothesis: The second successor of this first Tsang king, Karma Phuntsok Namgyal, took control of the whole of Central Tibet (Ü-Tsang), reigning from 1611–1621.


Premise: What car did Eisenhower compare modern art to?

Hypothesis: Eisenhower painted about 260 oils during the last 20 years of his life to relax, mostly landscapes but also portraits of subjects such as Mamie, their grandchildren, General Montgomery, George Washington, and Abraham Lincoln.


Premise: How much money was recovered through the False Claims?

Hypothesis: Damages from fraud can be recovered by use of the False Claims Act, most commonly under the qui tam provisions which rewards an individual for being a "whistleblower", or relator (law).


Premise: What was the population of Plymouth unitary authority circa 2011?

Hypothesis: The Plymouth urban area had a population of 260,203 in 2011 (the urban sprawl which extends outside the authority's boundaries).


Premise: When did Armenia make Christianity its official religion?

Hypothesis: in the early years of the 4th century, likely AD 301, partly in defiance of the Sassanids it seems.


Premise: What was the music hall at Notre Dame called?

Hypothesis: Eventually becoming known as Washington Hall, it hosted plays and musical acts put on by the school.


Premise: Semiochemicals come from where?

Hypothesis: These chemicals, termed semiochemicals, are often derived from plant metabolites include those meant to attract, repel and provide other kinds of information.


Premise: Nader Shah expanded Iranian power to its highest peak since what Empire?

Hypothesis: He subsequently took back the annexed Caucasian territories which were divided among the Ottoman and Russian authorities by the ongoing chaos in Iran.


Premise: What date saw the surrender of Nazi Germany?

Hypothesis: The British wanted Berlin, but Eisenhower decided it would be a military mistake for him to attack Berlin, and said orders to that effect would have to be explicit.


Premise: What do French historians commonly call the Age of Enlightenment?

Hypothesis: French historians usually place the period, called the Siècle des Lumières (Century of Enlightenments), between 1715 and 1789, from the beginning of the reign of Louis XV until the French Revolution.


Premise: When did the US buy Alaska?

Hypothesis: Although most colonists left after the United States bought the land in 1867, a handful stayed and preserved the Russian language in this region to this day, although only a few elderly speakers of this unique dialect are left.


Premise: Why did Karl von Loesch bury the microfilm?

Hypothesis: He eventually received orders to destroy the secret documents but decided to bury the metal container with the microfilms as a personal insurance for his future well-being.


Premise: Who wrote 'Ideals of the Samurai'?

Hypothesis: In his book "Ideals of the Samurai" translator William Scott Wilson states: "The warriors in the Heike Monogatari served as models for the educated warriors of later generations, and the ideals depicted by them were not assumed to be beyond reach.


Premise: Which three religious groups lived in Valencia?

Hypothesis: Christian, Jewish and Muslim — was quite contentious.


Premise: What city did Winston Churchill bomb in retaliation for the killing of civilians?

Hypothesis: This was a result of a rapid escalation starting on 24 August 1940, when night bombers aiming for RAF airfields drifted off course and accidentally destroyed several London homes, killing civilians, combined with the UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill's retaliatory bombing of Berlin on the following night.[clarification needed]


Premise: In what parish was HMNB Davenport located?

Hypothesis: The settlement that developed here was called "Dock" or "Plymouth Dock" at the time, and a new town, separate from Plymouth, grew up.


Premise: Which Turkish Cypriot writer has been nominated for the Nobel Prize in literature twice?

Hypothesis: Among leading Turkish Cypriot writers are Osman Türkay, twice nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature, Özker Yaşın, Neriman Cahit, Urkiye Mine Balman, Mehmet Yaşın and Neşe Yaşın.


Premise: Who holds Guiness record for Deepest salt water scuba dive?

Hypothesis: The 14-hour feat took Gabr 1,066 feet down into the abyss near the Egyptian town of Dahab in ther Red Sea, where he works as a diving instructor.


Premise: What city became the state capital of South Carolina?

Hypothesis: It was more easily grown in the upland areas, and cotton quickly became South Carolina's major export commodity.


Premise: What did Whitehead believe in so profusely that it was difficult to write a biography on him?

Hypothesis: Additionally, Whitehead was known for his "almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy", and for writing very few personal letters of the kind that would help to gain insight on his life.


Premise: What was to be carried out at schools after the quake?

Hypothesis: However, Reuters reported in June that, to date, Chinese prosecutors have joined an official inquiry into ten collapsed schools during May's devastating earthquake to gain first-hand material of construction quality at the collapsed schools, launch preliminary inquiries and prepare for possible investigations into professional crime.


Premise: Since 1990, how much did Madonna make in her concerts?

Hypothesis: According to Billboard, Madonna is the highest-grossing solo touring artist of all time, earning US $1.31 billion from her concerts since 1990.


Premise: How else is asthma classified?

Hypothesis: While asthma is classified based on severity, at the moment there is no clear method for classifying different subgroups of asthma beyond this system.


Premise: What religions are now practiced by 54% of the world?

Hypothesis: Judaism guides its adherents in both practice and belief, and has been called not only a religion, but also a "way of life," which has made drawing a clear distinction between Judaism, Jewish culture, and Jewish identity rather difficult.


Premise: How many transmitters does currently CBC operate after 2012?

Hypothesis: No plans have been announced to use subchannels to maintain over-the-air signals for both CBC and Radio-Canada in markets where the corporation has one digital transmitter.


Premise: What was the first Latin phrase used by the Royal Institute?

Hypothesis: The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (Angela Mace,1986) records that the first official version of this badge was used as a bookplate for the Institute's library and publications from 1835 to 1891, when it was redesigned by J.H.Metcalfe.


Premise: Why did Irving not want to be in Spielberg's films while dating?

Hypothesis: Spielberg first met actress Amy Irving in 1976 at the suggestion of director Brian De Palma, who knew he was looking for an actress to play in Close Encounters.


Premise: What are "bookmarks" called in Internet Explorer?

Hypothesis: Bookmarks are also called "Favorites" in Internet Explorer.


Premise: Who contests the existence of the Armenian Genocide?

Hypothesis: The Armenian Genocide is acknowledged to have been one of the first modern genocides.


Premise: When was the first Queen Bluray released?

Hypothesis: So far, only two of the band's albums, A Night at the Opera and The Game, have been fully remixed into high-resolution multichannel surround on DVD-Audio.


Premise: What newspaper did the Echo Boys sell?

Hypothesis: Today, the shouts of the vendors selling the Echo can still be heard in various parts of the city centre.


Premise: In what year did over a hundred intrusions made into the Rome Laboraroty?

Hypothesis: In 1994, over a hundred intrusions were made by unidentified crackers into the Rome Laboratory, the US Air Force's main command and research facility.


Premise: What magazine rated San Diego as being the country's fifth wealthiest city?

Hypothesis: According to Forbes in 2005, San Diego was the fifth wealthiest U.S. city but about 10.6% of families and 14.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over.


Premise: Which male body parts enlarge and develop at the same time as the penis?

Hypothesis: The first ejaculation of seminal fluid generally occurs about one year after the beginning of accelerated penis growth, although this is often determined culturally rather than biologically, since for many boys first ejaculation occurs as a result of masturbation.


Premise: Other than gumbe, what are two popular music genres?

Hypothesis: The word gumbe is sometimes used generically, to refer to any music of the country, although it most specifically refers to a unique style that fuses about ten of the country's folk music traditions.


Premise: What is the culture of Pengngan Chamorro based on?

Hypothesis: From sniffing over the hands of the elders (called mangnginge in Chamorro), the passing down of legends, chants, and courtship rituals, to a person asking for permission from spiritual ancestors before entering a jungle or ancient battle grounds.


Premise: What other royal figure strongly influenced Frederick William III's decision to go to war with France?

Hypothesis: A collection of German states intended to serve as a buffer zone between France and Central Europe, the creation of the Confederation spelled the end of the Holy Roman Empire and significantly alarmed the Prussians.


Premise: What may have colors that do not change over several pixels?

Hypothesis: This is a basic example of run-length encoding; there are many schemes to reduce file size by eliminating redundancy.


Premise: What country has Institutes of Technology/Polytechnic Institutes from which students can earn certificates, diplomas, and degrees?

Hypothesis: In Cambodia, there are Institutes of Technology/Polytechnic Institutes, and Universities that offer instruction in a variety of programs that can lead to: certificates, diplomas, and degrees.


Premise: Closer examination of what information allowed for further progress in scientific knowledge?

Hypothesis: This was despite what A. C. Crombie (viewing the Renaissance in the 19th-century manner as a chapter in the heroic March of Progress) calls "a backwards-looking admiration for antiquity", in which Platonism stood in opposition to the Aristotelian concentration on the observable properties of the physical world.


Premise: How many Estonian teams are in the Baltic Basketball League?

Hypothesis: Estonia national basketball team previously participated in 1936 Summer Olympics, appeared in EuroBasket four times.


Premise: What was a common problem found in early flexible records?

Hypothesis: In the UK, Nicole records, made of celluloid or a similar substance coated onto a cardboard core disc, were produced for a few years beginning in 1904, but they suffered from an exceptionally high level of surface noise.


Premise: Which party does Sigrid Beer belong to?

Hypothesis: [...] it is difficult to understand why the Social Democratic Party of Germany wants to do away with the Gymnasium.


Premise: What significant purpose has wood been used for as long as humans have built shelters?

Hypothesis: Wood has been an important construction material since humans began building shelters, houses and boats.


Premise: St. George's Town, St. George's Island and St. George's Parish are all referred to as what?

Hypothesis: Despite the small land mass, place names are repeated; there are, for example, two islands named Long Island, three bays named Long Bay (on Somerset, Main, and Cooper's islands), two Horseshoe Bays (one in Southampton, on the Main Island, the other at Morgan's Point, formerly Tucker's Island), there are two roads through cuttings called Khyber Pass (one in Warwick, the other in St. George's Parish), and St George's Town is located on St George's Island within St George's Parish (each known as St George's).


Premise: What observations in astronomy did China record?

Hypothesis: Astronomy: Astronomical observations from China constitute the longest continuous sequence from any civilisation and include records of sunspots (112 records from 364 BC), supernovas (1054), lunar and solar eclipses.


Premise: What nickname does Tuscon have because of their many companies involved in optics?

Hypothesis: Tucson is the second-largest populated city in Arizona behind Phoenix, both of which anchor the Arizona Sun Corridor.


Premise: What does airplone mode do?

Hypothesis: Windows 8 also adds an integrated airplane mode setting to globally disable all wireless connectivity as well.


Premise: What was Raleigh captured by in the Civil War?

Hypothesis: During General Sherman's Carolinas Campaign, Raleigh was captured by Union cavalry under the command of General Hugh Judson Kilpatrick on April 13, 1865.


Premise: By what year had Portugal established itself as an independent kingdom?

Hypothesis: By 1139, Portugal had established itself as a kingdom independent from León.


Premise: Whose ship was named Florida?

Hypothesis: These islands, which he named "Los Pintados", may have been Ujelang.


Premise: On what day was Alaskan Statehood finally approved by Congress?

Hypothesis: Statehood was approved by Congress on July 7, 1958.


Premise: When did the Babylonian exile end?

Hypothesis: After the fall of the United Monarchy the land was divided into Israel and Judah.


Premise: What do steps in move theater aisles have for safety markings?

Hypothesis: Traditionally made up of small low wattage, low voltage lamps in a track or translucent tube, these are rapidly being replaced with LED based versions.


Premise: When a person shapes a dog to conform to his expectations of behavior, it is called what?

Hypothesis: The first has been the 'commodification' of the dog, shaping it to conform to human expectations of personality and behaviour.


Premise: What was introduced by President Barack Obama in June 2009?

Hypothesis: The proposals were dubbed "The Volcker Rule", in recognition of Paul Volcker, who has publicly argued for the proposed changes.


Premise: What questionaire has been used to measure the age in which adolescents should be able to engage in autonomous behaviors?

Hypothesis: This questionnaire has been used to gauge differences in cultural perceptions of adolescent autonomy, finding, for instance, that White parents and adolescents tend to expect autonomy earlier than those of Asian descent.


Premise: How many times did Elizabeth reject Albert's proposal?

Hypothesis: In the words of Lady Elizabeth's mother, Albert would be "made or marred" by his choice of wife.


Premise: What disagreements did the  Luftwaffe staff center around?

Hypothesis: Although it had equipment capable of doing serious damage, the problem for the Luftwaffe was its unclear strategy and poor intelligence.


Premise: How much of DEI's energy output is from natural gas?

Hypothesis: Another 12% comes from Hydroelectric power plants and another 20% from natural gas.


Premise: When did Bantu immigrate to Namibia?

Hypothesis: The dry lands of Namibia were inhabited since early times by San, Damara, and Namaqua, and since about the 14th century AD by immigrating Bantu who came with the Bantu expansion.


Premise: What was the shipping services imported by Greece in 2011 worth?

Hypothesis: Similarly counting shipping services provided to Greece by other countries as quasi-imports and the difference between "exports" and "imports" as a "trade balance", Greece in 2011 ranked in the latter second behind Germany, having "imported" shipping services worth 7,076.605 million US$ and having run a "trade surplus" of 10,712.342 million US$.


Premise: What does EPA stand for?

Hypothesis: Most fatty acids are non-essential, meaning the body can produce them as needed, generally from other fatty acids and always by expending energy to do so.


Premise: How many binary aluminum hydrides are there?

Hypothesis: Although hydrides can be formed with almost all main-group elements, the number and combination of possible compounds varies widely; for example, there are over 100 binary borane hydrides known, but only one binary aluminium hydride.


Premise: Bermuda is located near which North Carolina town?

Hypothesis: In 1680, the settlement was moved east of the Ashley River to the peninsula between the Ashley and Cooper Rivers.


Premise: What was the internal name for "laser rot" within LD processing plants?

Hypothesis: This was a problem that was termed "laser rot" among LD enthusiasts, also called "color flash" internally by LaserDisc-pressing plants.


Premise: Which four states opposed the French?

Hypothesis: Maximilian was deeply dissatisfied with General Bazaine's decision to abandon the state capital of Chihuahua and immediately ordered Agustín B. Billaut to recapture the city.


Premise: Which Queen enhanced the Chinese theme of the Centre Room in the 1920s?

Hypothesis: This is a Chinese-style saloon enhanced by Queen Mary, who, working with the designer Sir Charles Allom, created a more "binding" Chinese theme in the late 1920s, although the lacquer doors were brought from Brighton in 1873.


Premise: What famous Greek author did Athanasius  quote?

Hypothesis: Still, in later works, Athanasius quotes Homer more than once (Hist.


Premise: What had Greece's previous government been hiding?

Hypothesis: From late 2009 a handful of mainly southern eurozone member states started being unable to repay their national Euro-denominated government debt or to finance the bail-out of troubled financial sectors under their national supervision without the assistance of third parties.


Premise: What type of audition are expected to eliminator gender or racial prejudice?

Hypothesis: A 2014 BBC article stated that the "...introduction of 'blind' auditions, where a prospective instrumentalist performs behind a screen so that the judging panel can exercise no gender or racial prejudice, has seen the gender balance of traditionally male-dominated symphony orchestras gradually shift."


Premise: Who was buried next to William Wilberforce?

Hypothesis: Wilberforce was buried in the north transept, close to his friend, the former Prime Minister, William Pitt.[citation needed]


Premise: What institution did Nasser live close to in 1933?

Hypothesis: Aburish asserts that Nasser was not distressed by his frequent relocations, which broadened his horizons and showed him Egyptian society's class divisions.


Premise: Who gave information on the gem industries in Burma ?

Hypothesis: Human Rights Watch has encouraged a complete ban on the purchase of Burmese gems based on these reports and because nearly all profits go to the ruling junta, as the majority of mining activity in the country is government-run.


Premise: How can database transactions ensure accuracy after a crash?

Hypothesis: Database transactions can be used to introduce some level of fault tolerance and data integrity after recovery from a crash.


Premise: STC stands for what?

Hypothesis: The cooperative deal will see the firms establish the Somali Telecommunication Company (STC), which will allow their mobile clients to communicate across the three networks.


Premise: Where was Representative Roger Sherman from?

Hypothesis: Anti-Federalists such as Rep. Thomas Tucker of South Carolina moved to strike the establishment clause completely because it could preempt the religious clauses in the state constitutions.


Premise: What health events had Nasser suffered in 1966 and 1969?

Hypothesis: Nasser was a heavy smoker with a family history of heart disease—two of his brothers died in their fifties from the same condition.


Premise: Where are young grads looking for that NPOs?

Hypothesis: This leads many young and driven employees to forego NPOs in favor of more stable employment.


Premise: What factor lead to a decrease in department store shoppers?

Hypothesis: But as residents moved out of the downtown areas to the suburbs, the large, downtown department stores became inconvenient and lost business to the newer suburban shopping malls.


Premise: What does sila refer to?

Hypothesis: If they wish, they can choose to undertake the eight precepts, which add basic asceticism.


Premise: What did the magnates do eventually with the gifts?

Hypothesis: Magnates often received gifts from monarchs, which significantly increased their wealth.


Premise: What part of the mine shaft requires routine testing?

Hypothesis: The method involves destructive testing of a segment of the cable.


Premise: How many highschools are specialized in NYC?

Hypothesis: The city's public school system includes nine specialized high schools to serve academically and artistically gifted students.


Premise: What is the name of a bacteria inside of tree roots?

Hypothesis: Examples include diverse microbiomes, rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules on legume roots; actinomycete nitrogen-fixing bacteria called Frankia, which live in alder tree root nodules; single-celled algae inside reef-building corals; and bacterial endosymbionts that provide essential nutrients to about 10%–15% of insects.


Premise: When did American drop a nuclear bomb on Nagasaki?

Hypothesis: On 6 August 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima in the first nuclear attack in history.


Premise: What else did freed slaves face in postwar Charleston besides discrimination?

Hypothesis: Men who had been free people of color before the war comprised 26% of those elected to state and federal office in South Carolina from 1868 to 1876.


Premise: What increased in the 1980s?

Hypothesis: At her Silver Jubilee in 1977, the crowds and celebrations were genuinely enthusiastic, but in the 1980s, public criticism of the royal family increased, as the personal and working lives of Elizabeth's children came under media scrutiny.


Premise: What languages were recognized as Indo-European?

Hypothesis: As early as 1833, Slavic languages were recognized as Indo-European.


Premise: What term is used to describe what knots can do to affect the finish of things made from wood even when they've been painted?

Hypothesis: A knot primer paint or solution, correctly applied during preparation, may do much to reduce this problem but it is difficult to control completely, especially when using mass-produced kiln-dried timber stocks.


Premise: In what conference did the Fighting Irish take part in in 2012?

Hypothesis: The Fighting Irish previously competed in the Horizon League from 1982-83 to 1985-86, and again from 1987-88 to 1994-95, and then in the Big East Conference through 2012–13.


Premise: When was Oliver Cromwell disinterred?

Hypothesis: Oliver Cromwell was given an elaborate funeral there in 1658, only to be disinterred in January 1661 and posthumously hanged from a gibbet at Tyburn.


Premise: Why was Brooke being investigated?

Hypothesis: It was in this role in 1978 that Kerry announced an investigation into possible criminal charges against then Senator Edward Brooke, regarding "misstatements" in his first divorce trial.


Premise: What other modern material has joined composites, carbon fiber, titanium, and aluminum to replace wood in the manufacture of sporting equipment?

Hypothesis: Many other types of sports and recreation equipment, such as skis, ice hockey sticks, lacrosse sticks and archery bows, were commonly made of wood in the past, but have since been replaced with more modern materials such as aluminium, fiberglass, carbon fiber, titanium, and composite materials.


Premise: Along with the American Conference, what is the other conference in the AFL?

Hypothesis: The AFL is divided into two conferences  –  the American Conference and National Conference.


Premise: What will an editor do in the case where an author's work was not wiped out?

Hypothesis: Bowers concluded that the manuscript should generally serve as copy-text.


Premise: What type of light is ideal for traffic signals?

Hypothesis: One-color light is well suited for traffic lights and signals, exit signs, emergency vehicle lighting, ships' navigation lights or lanterns (chromacity and luminance standards being set under the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972, Annex I and the CIE) and LED-based Christmas lights.


Premise: How much of the population identified as mixed race in the 2000s?

Hypothesis: In many instances, mixed racial ancestry is so far back in an individual's family history (for instance, before the Civil War or earlier), that it does not affect more recent ethnic and cultural identification.


Premise: What name did Albino Luciani take as a pope?

Hypothesis: Pope Paul was asked towards the end of his papacy whether he would retire at age 80, he replied "Kings can abdicate, Popes cannot."[citation needed]


Premise: Who founded Eastern Wu?

Hypothesis: Nanjing first became a state capital in 229 AD, when the state of Eastern Wu founded by Sun Quan during the Three Kingdoms period relocated its capital to Jianye (建業), the city extended on the basis of Jinling Yi in 211 AD.


Premise: What year did the ruling "only a cardinal was eligible to become pope" come in effect?

Hypothesis: By decree of a synod of 769, only a cardinal was eligible to become pope.


Premise: How much does Japan's largest military ship weigh?

Hypothesis: The 820-foot-long (250 m), 19,500-ton flattop Izumo was deployed in March 2015.


Premise: Which newspaper did the The Sun on Sunday take the place of?

Hypothesis: On 26 February 2012, The Sun on Sunday was launched to replace the closed News of the World, employing some of its former journalists.


Premise: How many casualties did the Soviet Union have during WWII?

Hypothesis: Having suffered at least 27 million casualties during World War II after being invaded by Nazi Germany in 1941, the Soviet Union was wary of its former ally, the United States, which until late 1949 was the sole possessor of atomic weapons.


Premise: What was the original price for a replacement battery from Apple?

Hypothesis: The initial cost was US$99, and it was lowered to US$59 in 2005.


Premise: How does the crew on board the spaceship perceive the stationary observer?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, the crew on board the spaceship also perceives the observer as slowed down and flattened along the spaceship's direction of travel, because both are moving at very nearly the speed of light relative to each other.


Premise: For what reason to many student's postpone their enrollment to BYU?

Hypothesis: Many students (88 percent of men, 33 percent of women) either delay enrollment or take a hiatus from their studies to serve as Mormon missionaries.


Premise: When Africa was colliding with Eurasia which seaway ceased to be during the Miocene?

Hypothesis: The Tethys Seaway continued to shrink and then disappeared as Africa collided with Eurasia in the Turkish-Arabian region between 19 and 12 Ma (ICS 2004).


Premise: What is the temperature like year around in the desert?

Hypothesis: The harsh climate of the Sahara is characterized by extremely low, unreliable, highly erratic rainfall; extremely high sunshine duration values; high temperatures year-round; negligible rates of relative humidity, a significant diurnal temperature variation and extremely high levels of potential evaporation which are the highest recorded worldwide.


Premise: Who considers animal fur to be cruel and unnecessary?

Hypothesis: PETA, along with other animal rights and animal liberation groups have called attention to fur farming and other practices they consider cruel.


Premise: Other than benefiting more privileged people within minority groups, what is another argument against affirmative action?

Hypothesis: It may increase racial tension and benefit the more privileged people within minority groups at the expense of the disenfranchised within better-off groups (such as lower-class whites


Premise: Who found the Archaemenid Empire in 550 BC?

Hypothesis: The empire collapsed in 330 BC following the conquests of Alexander the Great.


Premise: What did the Colloquy of Marburg become infamous for?

Hypothesis: The two men could not come to any agreement due to their disputation over one key doctrine.


Premise: How many species of algae were recorded in Egypt?

Hypothesis: Apart from small and well-studied groups like amphibians, birds, fish, mammals and reptiles, the many of those numbers are likely to increase as further species are recorded from Egypt.


Premise: Where did the Alemanni settle in the 5th century?

Hypothesis: The Alemanni settled the Swiss plateau in the 5th century and the valleys of the Alps in the 8th century, forming Alemannia.


Premise: What is done to unstressed vowels?

Hypothesis: The language possesses five vowels (or six, under the St. Petersburg Phonological School), which are written with different letters depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized.


Premise: How long was the city completely empty?

Hypothesis: Between the German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 and the Anglo-French declaration of War against the German Reich on 3 September 1939, the entire city (a total of 120,000 people) was evacuated, like other border towns as well.


Premise: In the United States, how many murders are there for each execution?

Hypothesis: Within the context of the overall murder rate, the death penalty cannot be said to be widely or routinely used in the United States; in recent years the average has been about one execution for about every 700 murders committed, or 1 execution for about every 325 murder convictions.


Premise: What sign of TB infection would a lab be looking for in a sputum culture?

Hypothesis: A diagnosis of TB should, however, be considered in those with signs of lung disease or constitutional symptoms lasting longer than two weeks.


Premise: Name an example of a heavy isotope?

Hypothesis: Yet another example is that of a pendulum.


Premise: Do all language make the distinction between poultry and fowls?

Hypothesis: In colloquial speech, the term "fowl" is often used near-synonymously with "domesticated chicken" (Gallus gallus), or with "poultry" or even just "bird", and many languages do not distinguish between "poultry" and "fowl".


Premise: What occured from 1955 to 1968?

Hypothesis: In many instances, mixed racial ancestry is so far back in an individual's family history (for instance, before the Civil War or earlier), that it does not affect more recent ethnic and cultural identification.


Premise: What was the source of the live feeds?

Hypothesis: All Mainland Chinese television stations (along with some stations in Hong Kong and expatriate communities) cancelled all regularly-scheduled programming, displayed their logo in grayscale, and replaced their cancelled programmes with live earthquake footage from CCTV-1 for multiple days after the quake.


Premise: Which cardinal acted a the leader of France due to his amount of power?

Hypothesis: In Portugal, due to a succession crisis, one cardinal, Henry, King of Portugal, was crowned king, the only example of a cardinal-king.


Premise: What temperature is needed for steam to react with methane?

Hypothesis: At high temperatures (1000–1400 K, 700–1100 °C or 1300–2000 °F), steam (water vapor) reacts with methane to yield carbon monoxide and H_2.


Premise: How long go did this crime take place?

Hypothesis: He claimed to have carried out the robbery with two other men, although when discrepancies with a contemporaneous report in the Birmingham Post newspaper (the crime pre-dated written police reports) in his account of the means of entry and other items stolen, detectives decided there was no realistic possibility of a conviction and the case was closed.


Premise: The Tidewater region was in what half of North Carolina?

Hypothesis: After Nat Turner's slave uprising in 1831, North Carolina and other southern states reduced the rights of free blacks.


Premise: What was written with the structure in the clerical script?

Hypothesis: The character 雲 yún ("cloud") was written with the structure 云 in the oracle bone script of the Shang dynasty, and had remained in use later as a phonetic loan in the meaning of "to say" while the 雨 radical was added to differentiate meanings.


Premise: Estrella was played by which actress?

Hypothesis: In February 2015 over fifteen hundred extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico, though they were duplicated in the film, giving the effect of around ten thousand extras.


Premise: Where has the IEC adapted its standard to the Alguerese dialect?

Hypothesis: In this standard one can find, among other features: the definite article lo instead of el, special possessive pronouns and determinants la mia ('mine'), lo sou/la sua ('his/her'), lo tou/la tua ('yours'), and so on, the use of -v- /v/ in the imperfect tense in all conjugations: cantava, creixiva, llegiva; the use of many archaic words, usual words in Alguerese: manco instead of menys ('less'), calqui u instead of algú ('someone'), qual/quala instead of quin/quina ('which'), and so on; and the adaptation of weak pronouns.


Premise: In the time between electing new popes, what is the duty of the cardinal?

Hypothesis: The Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, assisted by the Vice-Camerlengo and the other prelates of the office known as the Apostolic Camera, has functions that in essence are limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy.


Premise: What does a Kommunalverband besonderer Art require?

Hypothesis: Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.


Premise: What is the name of the group that won The Sing-Off?

Hypothesis: The show was judged by Ben Folds, Shawn Stockman, and Nicole Scherzinger and was won by an all-male group from Puerto Rico called Nota.


Premise: When was Saint Petersburg established?

Hypothesis: Stenbock-Fermor conceived of the Passage as more than a mere shopping mall, but also as a cultural and social centre for the people of St Petersburg.


Premise: Where can a student find to study art in Seattle?

Hypothesis: In 2001, Time magazine selected Seattle Central Community College as community college of the year, stating the school "pushes diverse students to work together in small teams".


Premise: What is the profession of Halyna Kolotnytska?

Hypothesis: He hired several Ukrainian nurses to care for him and his family's health, and traveled everywhere with his trusted Ukrainian nurse Halyna Kolotnytska.


Premise: Which platforms did IBM begin offering the IBM Client for Smart Work on?

Hypothesis: The Linux offering has been made available as the IBM Client for Smart Work product on the Ubuntu and Red Hat Enterprise Linux platforms.


Premise: What was evacuated in Beijing?

Hypothesis: Many Beijing office towers were evacuated, including the building housing the media offices for the organizers of the 2008 Summer Olympics.


Premise: Who was Gaddafi's father's father?

Hypothesis: From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops.


Premise: On what kind of system was Roman religious law focused?

Hypothesis: Religious law centered on the ritualised system of honours and sacrifice that brought divine blessings, according to the principle do ut des ("I give, that you might give").


Premise: In 2014 rankings, how bad was Nigeria's corruption ranking?

Hypothesis: It was ranked 143 out of 182 countries in Transparency International's 2011 Corruption Perceptions Index; however, it improved to 136th position in 2014.


Premise: How many listed buildings are present in the Barbican area?

Hypothesis: The Pilgrim Fathers left for the New World in 1620 near the commemorative Mayflower Steps in Sutton Pool.


Premise: When was the 610 area code added?

Hypothesis: The geographic area covered by the code was split nearly in half in 1994 when area code 610 was created, with the city and its northern suburbs retaining 215.


Premise: What year was the India Gate built?

Hypothesis: The India Gate built in 1931 was inspired by the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.


Premise: What rationale did Gaddafi use for joining the military?

Hypothesis: The armed forces offered the only opportunity for upward social mobility for underprivileged Libyans, and Gaddafi recognised it as a potential instrument of political change.


Premise: What did Mill misrepresent about math?

Hypothesis: Berkeley put God in that gap; the phenomenalists, including Mill, essentially left the question unanswered.


Premise: How many people lived in Lawton in 2010?

Hypothesis: Of the state's ten largest cities, three are outside the metropolitan areas of Oklahoma City and Tulsa, and only Lawton has a metropolitan statistical area of its own as designated by the United States Census Bureau, though the metropolitan statistical area of Fort Smith, Arkansas extends into the state.


Premise: Are the Salvadorans a large population in the U.S.?

Hypothesis: Between 1980 and 1990, the Salvadoran immigrant population in the United States increased nearly fivefold from 94,000 to 465,000.


Premise: How have the North American cougar and Asian elephant been hunted?

Hypothesis: All these animals have been hunted to endangerment or extinction.


Premise: What was Whitehead considered as a metaphysician?

Hypothesis: Whitehead did not begin his career as a philosopher.


Premise: What are common less-lethal weapons?

Hypothesis: A "shoot-to-kill" policy was recently introduced in South Africa, which allows police to use deadly force against any person who poses a significant threat to them or civilians.


Premise: What is SNR?

Hypothesis: The loss within the antenna will affect the intended signal and the noise/interference identically, leading to no reduction in signal to noise ratio (SNR).


Premise: Who was the CEO in 1914?

Hypothesis: In 1914, CEO Thomas J. Watson boosted company spirit by creating employee sports teams, hosting family outings, and furnishing a company band.


Premise: Who led the rescue of British forces during the Battle of Yenangyaung?

Hypothesis: On 16 April, 7,000 British soldiers were encircled by the Japanese 33rd Division during the Battle of Yenangyaung and rescued by the Chinese 38th Division led by Sun Li-jen.


Premise: Who would rule the country temporarily?

Hypothesis: After African leaders in Chad refused to recognize Djotodia as President, proposing to form a transitional council and the holding of new elections, Djotodia signed a decree on 6 April for the formation of a council that would act as a transitional parliament.


Premise: What two fields began to grow apart?

Hypothesis: With the emerging knowledge in scientific fields and the rise of new materials and technology, architecture and engineering began to separate, and the architect began to concentrate on aesthetics and the humanist aspects, often at the expense of technical aspects of building design.


Premise: In 1884 about how many bison remained?

Hypothesis: By 1884, commercial hunting had brought bison to the verge of extinction; only about 325 bison remained in the entire United States.


Premise: What was the name of a modern Chinese Army?

Hypothesis: The reformers then proceeded with institutional reforms, including China's first unified ministry of foreign affairs, the Zongli Yamen; allowing foreign diplomats to reside in the capital; establishment of the Imperial Maritime Customs Service; the formation of modernized armies, such as the Beiyang Army, as well as a navy; and the purchase from Europeans of armament factories.


Premise: What were Wafd members accused of?

Hypothesis: Accusations of corruption against Wafd politicians began to surface, however, breeding an atmosphere of rumor and suspicion that consequently brought the Free Officers to the forefront of Egyptian politics.


Premise: How many immigrants arrived at Ellis Island from 1892 to 1924?

Hypothesis: Throughout its history, the city has been a major port of entry for immigrants into the United States; more than 12 million European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924.


Premise: Who was the governor of New York under which the loyalist and British raid of New Haven took place?

Hypothesis: New Haven was not torched as the invaders did with Danbury in 1777, or Fairfield and Norwalk a week after the New Haven raid, so many of the town's colonial features were preserved.


Premise: By 2012, how much did the ECB spend in covering bad debt?

Hypothesis: As of 18 June 2012, the ECB in total had spent €212.1bn (equal to 2.2% of the Eurozone GDP) for bond purchases covering outright debt, as part of its Securities Markets Programme (SMP) running since May 2010.


Premise: In which treaty was Napoleon exiled?

Hypothesis: Napoleon attempted suicide with a pill he had carried after nearly being captured by the Russians during the retreat from Moscow.


Premise: How many Oklahomans speak Vietnamese?

Hypothesis: In addition to Cherokee, more than 25 Native American languages are spoken in Oklahoma, second only to California (though, it should be noted that only Cherokee exhibits language vitality at present).


Premise: What kind of marble was used for the walls and floors of the abbey?

Hypothesis: Purbeck marble was used for the walls and the floors of Westminster Abbey, even though the various tombstones are made of different types of marble.


Premise: In what era did cross-border policing increase?

Hypothesis: It is also generally agreed that in the post–Cold War era this type of practice became more significant and frequent (Sheptycki, 2000).


Premise: What Saturday Night Live sketch was Schwarzenegger referencing when he called opposing politicians "girlie men"?

Hypothesis: Building on a catchphrase from the sketch "Hans and Franz" from Saturday Night Live (which partly parodied his bodybuilding career), Schwarzenegger called the Democratic State politicians "girlie men".


Premise: What dissolved the priveleges of Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia or Habsburg Monarchy?

Hypothesis: By contrast, the nobilities of other European countries, except for Spain, amounted to a mere 1–3%, however the era of sovereign rules of Polish nobility ended earlier than in other countries (excluding France) yet in 1795 (see: Partitions of Poland), since then their legitimation and future fate depended on legislature and procedures of Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia or Habsburg Monarchy.


Premise: What survey results complement on data on health status?

Hypothesis: Thus, survey results based on self-reporting at the household level complement other data on health status and the use of services.


Premise: What was William Miller's life span?

Hypothesis: He was in effect (whatever his formal associations if any) a point man of British near eastern intelligence.


Premise: How has technology improved the study of botany?

Hypothesis: Despite the study of model plants and increasing use of DNA evidence, there is ongoing work and discussion among taxonomists about how best to classify plants into various taxa.


Premise: Early Greek (before Koine) have been redone with what?

Hypothesis: The Classical Attic dialect of Ancient Greek had a three-way distinction in stops like Eastern Armenian:


Premise: On which date was the Battle of Gravelotte?

Hypothesis: Privat (18 August), was the largest battle during the Franco-Prussian War.


Premise: What elements in 19th century European literature were a reaction to the romanticism movement?

Hypothesis: But as the 19th-century went on, European fiction evolved towards realism and naturalism, the meticulous documentation of real life and social trends.


Premise: Are predator's effects on prey easiest to see in the short-term or long-term?

Hypothesis: However, if observed over a longer period of time, it is seen that the population of a predator will correlationally rise and fall with the population of its prey in a cycle similar to the boom and bust cycle of economics.


Premise: What type of reptiles eat dogs?

Hypothesis: Reptiles such as alligators and pythons have been known to kill and eat dogs.


Premise: What do annelids use to move?

Hypothesis: Most textbooks still use the traditional division into polychaetes (almost all marine), oligochaetes (which include earthworms) and leech-like species.


Premise: The end of the war led to which companies unification?

Hypothesis: The end of the war led to the unification of Germany.


Premise: When ingested in large amounts what does copper salts produce in humans?

Hypothesis: Gram quantities of various copper salts have been taken in suicide attempts and produced acute copper toxicity in humans, possibly due to redox cycling and the generation of reactive oxygen species that damage DNA.


Premise: People choose to use what type of facility due to long distances and poor care at Government hospitals?

Hypothesis: Private clinics are preferred by many residents because of the distance to, poor quality of care at and long waiting times in government facilities,:60–61 despite the high proportion of the city's residents being covered by government health insurance: 24% according to a National Family Health Survey in 2005.:41


Premise: What is the name of the island on which Atlantic City is located?

Hypothesis: Atlantic City was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township.


Premise: How many halls are at Notre Dame that house students?

Hypothesis: The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people.


Premise: What is the evaluator called in a breed show?

Hypothesis: As the breed standard only deals with the externally observable qualities of the dog (such as appearance, movement, and temperament), separately tested qualities (such as ability or health) are not part of the judging in conformation shows.


Premise: What are some neighborhoods in South Raleigh?

Hypothesis: Neighborhoods in South Raleigh include Renaissance Park, Lake Wheeler, Swift Creek, Carolina Pines, Rhamkatte, Riverbrooke, and Enchanted Oaks.


Premise: When is the inrush current affected by the USB specification?

Hypothesis: In addition to limiting the total average power used by the device, the USB specification limits the inrush current (i.e., that used to charge decoupling and filter capacitors) when the device is first connected.


Premise: what animal did hunters kill off for their hides?

Hypothesis: They (and Americans as well) also took advantage of the homestead laws to obtain free farms.


Premise: What is the oldest college in South Carolina?

Hypothesis: This group also helped establish the College of Charles Towne in 1770, the oldest college in South Carolina.


Premise: When was the first fictionalized account of Chopin's life?

Hypothesis: Possibly the first venture into fictional treatments of Chopin's life was a fanciful operatic version of some of its events.


Premise: What polymer is a major part of wood?

Hypothesis: It is widely regarded as a marker for the start of land plant evolution during the Ordovician period.


Premise: How many women are believed to have been sexual slaves for the Japenese Army?

Hypothesis: A widely publicised example of institutionalised sexual slavery are "comfort women", a euphemism for the 200,000 women, mostly from Korea and China, who served in the Japanese army's camps during World War II.


Premise: who covered and charted the single "promised land"?

Hypothesis: One of the early anthemic tunes, "Promised Land" by Joe Smooth, was covered and charted within a week by the Style Council.


Premise: What city was the plan based on?

Hypothesis: Raleigh is one of the few cities in the United States that was planned and built specifically to serve as a state capital.


Premise: In the 19th century, what city of Egypt was a large community of Italian Egyptians?

Hypothesis: In Alexandria in the 19th century there was a large community of Italian Egyptians and Italian was the "lingua franca" of the city.


Premise: Who designed both the NES and SNES?

Hypothesis: Designed by Masayuki Uemura, the designer of the original Famicom, the Super Famicom was released in Japan on Wednesday, November 21, 1990 for ¥25,000 (US$210).


Premise: The facade of Saint Denis resembled what other well known structure?

Hypothesis: The rose window is the earliest-known example above the West portal in France.


Premise: When was this writing penned?

Hypothesis: Grand Architect of the universe tied with a unique eschatology and ethical system implying that each person is held morally responsible for their choices, made freely in this present life, in the afterlife.


Premise: In what yer did Muhammad die?

Hypothesis: Judaism was an active proselytising faith, and at least one Arab political leader converted to it.[J]


Premise: How many US soldiers were killed in the battle of Mogadishu?

Hypothesis: Eighteen American soldiers were killed, and a US television crew filmed graphic images of the body of one soldier being dragged through the streets by an angry mob.


Premise: What was increasing and consuming a lot of bandwidth?

Hypothesis: A new standard had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth for HDTV than the existing NTSC.


Premise: Who produces estimates of worldwide losses attributable to security breaches?

Hypothesis: Several computer security consulting firms produce estimates of total worldwide losses attributable to virus and worm attacks and to hostile digital acts in general.


Premise: What models imply that changes in diversity are guided by a first-order positive feedback?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, changes through the Phanerozoic correlate much better with the hyperbolic model (widely used in population biology, demography and macrosociology, as well as fossil biodiversity) than with exponential and logistic models.


Premise: At least how many native Alaskan languages exist, according to the Alaska Native Language Center?

Hypothesis: The Alaska Native Language Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks claims that at least 20 Alaskan native languages exist and there are also some languages with different dialects.


Premise: Who did Eisenhower defeat in the 1956 presidential election?

Hypothesis: He personally favored Robert B. Anderson, a Democrat, who rejected his offer; Eisenhower then resolved to leave the matter in the hands of the party.


Premise: When should the noise-based speed be used?

Hypothesis: If the noise-based speed (40:1) is lower than the saturation-based speed, or undefined because of high noise, the saturation-based speed is specified, rounded upwards to a standard value, because using the noise-based speed would lead to overexposed images.


Premise: How many uniformed services are there in the US?

Hypothesis: The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.


Premise: How much of Pakistan's GDP came from Punjab in 2010?

Hypothesis: Punjab has the largest economy in Pakistan, contributing most to the national GDP.


Premise: In which year was the new constitution ratified?

Hypothesis: The 1858 conservative movement did not succeed in the state even after the successful military campaign of the conservative Zuloaga with 1,000 men occupied the cities of Chihuahua and Parral.


Premise: How is trademark infringement addressed in a few jurisdictions?

Hypothesis: Infringement can be addressed by civil litigation and, in several jurisdictions, under criminal law.


Premise: Does Greg believe a later work can be substituted for a earlier one?

Hypothesis: Bowers and Tanselle argue for rejecting textual variants that an author inserted at the suggestion of others.


Premise: How is the Minister President chosen?

Hypothesis: The states are parliamentary republics and the relationship between their legislative and executive branches mirrors that of the federal system: the legislatures are popularly elected for four or five years (depending on the state), and the Minister-President is then chosen by a majority vote among the Landtag's members.


Premise: The Iranian Constitution did what for Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians in Iran?

Hypothesis: The first Iranian Constitution and the first national parliament of Iran were founded in 1906, through the ongoing revolution.


Premise: When was the program necessary to crawl and archive the web created?

Hypothesis: To overcome inconsistencies in partially cached web sites, Archive-It.org was developed in 2005 by the Internet Archive as a means of allowing institutions and content creators to voluntarily harvest and preserve collections of digital content, and create digital archives.


Premise: What language besides Dutch uses the dative case instead of the accusative for pronouns?

Hypothesis: There is one exception: the standard language prescribes that in the third person plural, hen is to be used for the direct object, and hun for the indirect object.


Premise: What other cable company was reputed to have an interest in NBCUniversal?

Hypothesis: It was also reported that Time Warner would be interested in placing a bid, until CEO Jeffrey L. Bewkes directly denied interest, leaving Comcast the sole bidder.


Premise: What does UNTAG stand for?

Hypothesis: This was won by SWAPO although it did not gain the two-thirds majority it had hoped for; the South African-backed Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) became the official opposition.


Premise: What was 'Ebn Topnail' normally called?

Hypothesis: The Latin translation of his philosophical novel, entitled Philosophus Autodidactus, published by Edward Pococke the Younger in 1671, had an influence on John Locke's formulation of tabula rasa in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding.


Premise: Who was the colonial officer killed in China?

Hypothesis: Until the period following World War I the Near East and the Middle East coexisted, but they were not always seen as distinct.


Premise: Regarding atoms, what does the Planck constant imply?

Hypothesis: In many cases, such as for monochromatic light or for atoms, this quantum of action also implies that only certain energy levels are allowed, and values in between are forbidden.


Premise: Where was Tharapita born in his legend story?

Hypothesis: According to the legend in the chronicle Tharapita was born on a forested mountain in Virumaa (Latin: Vironia), mainland Estonia from where he flew to Oesel, Saaremaa The name Taarapita has been interpreted as "Taara, help!"/"Thor, help!"


Premise: What company was dissolved after the Indian Rebellion?

Hypothesis: She wrote of "her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state "should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration".


Premise: When did Kurita's force enter the Sibuyan Sea?

Hypothesis: As they passed Palawan Island after midnight on 23 October the force was spotted, and U.S. submarines sank two cruisers.


Premise: In what century did the Nationalistic revolutions occur?

Hypothesis: The results of World War I would be important factors in the development of World War II approximately 20 years later.


Premise: What was Albert's nickname as he toured coal mines, factories, and railyards?

Hypothesis: Through such visits he acquired the nickname of the "Industrial Prince".


Premise: When was the Greece that we know today officially formed ?

Hypothesis: The relationship between ethnic Greek identity and Greek Orthodox religion continued after the creation of the Modern Greek state in 1830.


Premise: What television network did the AFL sign a deal with in 2000?

Hypothesis: While many sports commentators and fans continued to ridicule the league, Warner's story gave the league positive exposure, and it brought the league a new television deal with TNN, which, unlike ESPN, televised regular season games live.


Premise: What is the current spectator seating capacity of Twickenham Stadium?

Hypothesis: Three Aviva Premiership rugby union teams are based in London, (London Irish, Saracens, and Harlequins), although currently only Harlequins and Saracens play their home games within Greater London.


Premise: What term describes the introductory symmetry group of the square?

Hypothesis: Symmetry groups are groups consisting of symmetries of given mathematical objects—be they of geometric nature, such as the introductory symmetry group of the square, or of algebraic nature, such as polynomial equations and their solutions.


Premise: what is the section of oklahoma and texas that  Hernando de Soto traveled?

Hypothesis: Today this is known as the De Soto Trail.


Premise: Who composed GE's slogan "Imagination at work?"?

Hypothesis: The changes included a new corporate color palette, small modifications to the GE logo, a new customized font (GE Inspira) and a new slogan, "Imagination at work", composed by David Lucas, to replace the slogan "We Bring Good Things to Life" used since 1979.


Premise: Which guitarist inspired Queen?

Hypothesis: Queen drew artistic influence from British rock acts of the 1960s and early 1970s, such as the Beatles, the Kinks, Cream, Led Zeppelin, Pink Floyd, the Who, Black Sabbath, Slade, Deep Purple, David Bowie, Genesis and Yes, in addition to American guitarist Jimi Hendrix, with Mercury also inspired by the gospel singer Aretha Franklin.


Premise: What is the only psychiatric hospital in Montevideo?

Hypothesis: Hospital Vilardebó is the only psychiatric hospital in Montevideo.


Premise: Where was there greater numbers of Latinos and Asian residents?

Hypothesis: In California and the western US, there were greater numbers of Latino and Asian residents.


Premise: Macedonia has how many Slavic speakers?

Hypothesis: It is estimated that after the population exchanges of 1923, Macedonia had 200,000 to 400,000 Slavic speakers.


Premise: What was the population of Alsace in 1790?

Hypothesis: By 1790, the Jewish population of Alsace was approximately 22,500, about 3% of the provincial population.


Premise: In what year were LD jukeboxes created?

Hypothesis: This strange device could be considered a very early equivalent of a CD-ROM.


Premise: THe polish nobility had many positives compared to others including what?

Hypothesis: Despite having a king, Poland was called the nobility's Commonwealth because the king was elected by all interested members of hereditary nobility and Poland was considered to be the property of this class, not of the king or the ruling dynasty.


Premise: When was the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom?

Hypothesis: "Hellenistic" is distinguished from "Hellenic" in that the first encompasses the entire sphere of direct ancient Greek influence, while the latter refers to Greece itself.


Premise: Who was the viceregal Sakya regime overthrown by?

Hypothesis: Wylie argues that Ming titles of "King" granted indiscriminately to various Tibetan lamas or even their disciples should not be viewed as reappointments to earlier Yuan dynasty offices, since the viceregal Sakya regime established by the Mongols in Tibet was overthrown by the Phagmodru myriarchy before the Ming existed.


Premise: For religious Jews, what does Halakha mean?

Hypothesis: Religious Jews have Minhagim, customs, in addition to Halakha, or religious law, and different interpretations of law.


Premise: When is control turned back over to ground control?

Hypothesis: After a plane has landed, it will depart the runway and be returned to Ground Control.


Premise: When was MAPS 3 passed?

Hypothesis: On December 2009, Oklahoma City voters passed MAPS 3, the $777 million (7-year 1-cent tax) initiative, which will include funding (appx $130M) for an estimated 5-to-6-mile (8.0 to 9.7 km)


Premise: How would one make to early recordings?

Hypothesis: A singer practically had to put his or her face in the recording horn.


Premise: When did El Cid rule?

Hypothesis: El Cid was killed in July 1099 while defending the city from an Almoravid siege, whereupon his wife Ximena Díaz ruled in his place for two years.


Premise: What is 1734 design is considered one of the finest example of Palladian architecture in England, built in Norfolk?

Hypothesis: In 1734 William Kent and Lord Burlington designed one of England's finest examples of Palladian architecture with Holkham Hall in Norfolk.


Premise: The rise of what saw the independence of Greece, Serbia, the Danubian Principalities and Bulgaria?

Hypothesis: Up until 1912 the Ottomans retained a band of territory including Albania, Macedonia and Thrace, which were lost in the two Balkan Wars of 1912–13.


Premise: What was the first commercial solar concentrating system?

Hypothesis: The use of evaporation ponds to obtain salt from sea water is one of the oldest applications of solar energy.


Premise: In which European countries do many Russian immigrants live?

Hypothesis: The United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Belgium, Greece, Brazil, Norway, and Austria have significant Russian-speaking communities.


Premise: Who wrote 'The History of Armenia'?

Hypothesis: Early Armenian literature was written by the "father of Armenian history", Moses of Chorene, who authored The History of Armenia.


Premise: Which court case upheld the rule of nondelegation?

Hypothesis: In this vein, the Supreme Court held in the 1998 case Clinton v. City of New York that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the President, by powers vested in the government by the Constitution.


Premise: What does 'Palácio da Alvorada' mean?

Hypothesis: (Palácio da Alvorada; the presidential residence).


Premise: Who did Mackintosh compare Burke to?

Hypothesis: Mackintosh later agreed with Burke's views, remarking in December 1796 after meeting him, that Burke was "minutely and accurately informed, to a wonderful exactness, with respect to every fact relating to the French Revolution".


Premise: What are used to create geological maps?

Hypothesis: The use of index fossils became a powerful tool for making geological maps, because it allowed geologists to correlate the rocks in one locality with those of similar age in other, distant localities.


Premise: What did early humans use to make clothing?

Hypothesis: The clothing worn in the Neolithic Age might be similar to that worn by Ötzi the Iceman, although he was not Neolithic (since he belonged to the later Copper age).


Premise: What genre of music is played by Westlife?

Hypothesis: Generally, Hot AC radio stations target their music output towards the 18-54 age group and a demographic audience of both men and women.


Premise: Who was in charge when the reforms was going on?

Hypothesis: It was liberalized in the aftermath of the Soviet Union, with the reforms under Boris Yeltsin preserving much of the Soviet structure while applying increasingly liberal reforms to the governance of the constituent republics and subjects (while also coming into conflict with Chechen secessionist rebels during the Chechen War).


Premise: Which explorer sailed his ship into New York harbor in 1609?

Hypothesis: He proceeded to sail up what he named the North River, also called the Mauritis River, and now known as the Hudson River, to the site of the present-day New York State capital of Albany in the belief that it might represent an oceanic tributary.


Premise: How many high-level Communists were purged in the Slansky trial?

Hypothesis: Stalin put pressure on Czechoslovakia to conduct purges in order to discourage the spread of the idea of a "national path to socialism," which Tito espoused.


Premise: What being did Ramanuja believe was the personification of Brahman

Hypothesis: However, the individual's sense of self was not a complete illusion since it was derived from the universal beingness that is Brahman.


Premise: How much money did Spielberg spend to film Close Encounters?

Hypothesis: Years later, Spielberg recalled to a magazine interviewer, "My dad's still-camera was broken, so I asked the scoutmaster if I could tell a story with my father's movie camera.


Premise: How old was Chopin when he left Poland?

Hypothesis: " Chopin was born in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw, and grew up in Warsaw, which after 1815 became part of Congress Poland.


Premise: What notable feature of the Red Lion reflects its parliamentary connection?

Hypothesis: The pub is equipped with a Division bell that summons MPs back to the chamber when they are required to take part in a vote.


Premise: What are woodwind instrument's reeds often made out of?

Hypothesis: The reeds used to play them, however, are usually made from Arundo donax, a type of monocot cane plant.


Premise: What tradition could be found in works by Captain Beefheart and David Bowie?

Hypothesis: Nicholas Lezard described post-punk as "a fusion of art and music".


Premise: Where does Tio Ellinas race?

Hypothesis: In motorsports, Tio Ellinas is a successful race car driver, currently racing in the GP3 Series for Marussia Manor Motorsport.


Premise: What happened to those Jews who remained?

Hypothesis: The East Prussian Jewish Congregation declined from about 9,000 in 1933 to 3,000 in 1939, as most fled from Nazi rule.


Premise: When the Cubs started playing, who was their owner?

Hypothesis: The White Stockings played their home games at West Side Grounds,against the bloods and quickly established themselves as one of the new league's top teams.


Premise: What causes the color of hematite and red ochre?

Hypothesis: It also causes the red color of the planet Mars.


Premise: what was the name of Blake Baxter's 1986 hit recording?

Hypothesis: In 1989, KMS had another hit release of "Rock to the Beat" which was a theme in Chicago dance clubs.[citation needed]


Premise: Scholars disagree on whether emissaries were accompanied by Buddhist what?

Hypothesis: According to the edicts of Aśoka, emissaries were sent to various countries west of India to spread Buddhism (Dharma), particularly in eastern provinces of the neighboring Seleucid Empire, and even farther to Hellenistic kingdoms of the Mediterranean.


Premise: What is the split in the State House of Representatives?

Hypothesis: However, at the state level, the pattern of split ticket voting and divided government holds.


Premise: What sitting Connecticut U.S. senator graduated from Yale University in New Haven?

Hypothesis: There he met fellow student and later Green Party candidate for Congress Charles Pillsbury, a long-time New Haven resident for whom Trudeau's comic strip is named.


Premise: In what district of London is The Fitzroy Tavern located?

Hypothesis: The Canonbury Tavern, Canonbury, was the prototype for Orwell's ideal English pub, The Moon Under Water.


Premise: Insects notice what type of movement?

Hypothesis: Many species have acute vision capable of detecting minute movements.


Premise: How many UEFA Championship League titles has Barcelona won?

Hypothesis: Barcelona was ranked first in the IFFHS Club World Ranking for 1997, 2009, 2011, 2012 and 2015 and currently occupies the second position on the UEFA club rankings.


Premise: How many royal weddings have occurred at the abbey?

Hypothesis: Since 1066, when Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror were crowned, the coronations of English and British monarchs have been held there.


Premise: How is a mayor chosen in Cork?

Hypothesis: Certain councillors are co-opted to represent the city at the South-West Regional Authority.


Premise: When did the Arabian oryx become extinct?

Hypothesis: The use of automobiles and high-powered rifles destroyed their only advantage: speed, and they became extinct in the wild exclusively due to sport hunting in 1972.


Premise: What nationality was Sergei Fyodorov?

Hypothesis: In the 1990s two icons by the Russian icon painter Sergei Fyodorov were hung in the abbey.


Premise: What activity did Kanye West start doing when he was five?

Hypothesis: West demonstrated an affinity for the arts at an early age; he began writing poetry when he was five years old.


Premise: How much of the population is over age 60?

Hypothesis: Household survey results suggest the percentage of households spending less than £20 per week on a per capita basis fell from 27% to 8% between 2000 and 2004, implying a decline in income poverty.


Premise: Who was sent to survey the California coast in 1602?

Hypothesis: Arriving on his flagship San Diego, Vizcaíno surveyed the harbor and what are now Mission Bay and Point Loma and named the area for the Catholic Saint Didacus, a Spaniard more commonly known as San Diego de Alcalá.


Premise: The local communities have accepted equinut because it is similar to what native recipe?

Hypothesis: The aim was to boost nutrition and livelihoods by producing a product that women could make and sell, and which would be accepted by the local community because of its local heritage.


Premise: What was the pier on Burnham -on-sea used for

Hypothesis: The pier at Burnham-on-Sea was used for commercial goods, one of the reasons for the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway was to provide a link between the Bristol Channel and the English Channel.


Premise: Where does water splitting occur?

Hypothesis: Water splitting, in which water is decomposed into its component protons, electrons, and oxygen, occurs in the light reactions in all photosynthetic organisms.


Premise: What year did the PVO Strany become independent?

Hypothesis: This was divided into two arms, PVO Strany, the Strategic Air defence Service responsible for Air Defence of the Homeland, created in 1941 and becoming an independent service in 1954, and PVO SV, Air Defence of the Ground Forces.


Premise: What group did Maulana Masood Azhar lead?

Hypothesis: Zayn al-Abidn Muhammed Hasayn Abu Zubaydah was arrested by Pakistani officials during a series of joint U.S.-Pakistan raids.


Premise: Victoria initially opposed Beatrice's marriage to what man?

Hypothesis: The following month, Victoria's youngest child, Beatrice, met and fell in love with Prince Henry of Battenberg at the wedding of Victoria's granddaughter Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine to Henry's brother Prince Louis of Battenberg.


Premise: What did Kerry's brother call the decade after 1972?

Hypothesis: After Kerry's 1972 defeat, he and his wife bought a house in Belvidere, Lowell, entering a decade which his brother Cameron later called "the years in exile".


Premise: What was the name Loughborough University was known by from 1966 to 1996?

Hypothesis: They became universities in the 1960s meaning they could award their own degrees.


Premise: In what century did the Latin alphabet replace the runic system in Old English writing?

Hypothesis: The oldest Old English inscriptions were written using a runic system, but from about the 9th century this was replaced by a version of the Latin alphabet.


Premise: How could a white child be considered a member of the Omaha tribe?

Hypothesis: The social identity of the children was strongly determined by the tribe's kinship system.


Premise: What did Victoria believe that an official proclamation transferring control from the company to the monarchy would do?

Hypothesis: At her behest, a reference threatening the "undermining of native religions and customs" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.


Premise: What Scythian weapon was used during this era?

Hypothesis: The greatest change in military affairs during the invasion period was the adoption of the Hunnic composite bow in place of the earlier, and weaker, Scythian composite bow.


Premise: What rank is NCO status achieved in the US Army?

Hypothesis: The USAF is the only branch of the U.S. military where NCO status is achieved when an enlisted person reaches the pay grade of E-5.


Premise: Is there such a thing as bilingual state?

Hypothesis: By 2015, there was a trend that most Americans and American residents who are of Hispanic descent speak only English in the home.


Premise: Why would cats and dogs potentially become companions in captivity?

Hypothesis: Pet cats and pet dogs under human mastership often depend on each other for warmth, companionship, and even protection, particularly in rural areas.


Premise: What is one area where captive slaves were sent?

Hypothesis: In the mid 19th century, the Bobangi people became major slave traders and sold their captives to the Americas using the Ubangi river to reach the coast.


Premise: How did Peirce view inductive vs deductive reasoning?

Hypothesis: Among Peirce's major contributions was to place inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning in a complementary rather than competitive mode, the latter of which had been the primary trend among the educated since David Hume wrote a century before.


Premise: Why was the case of Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow overturned?

Hypothesis: The case was appealed to the Supreme Court, where the case was ultimately overturned in June 2004, solely on procedural grounds not related to the substantive constitutional issue.


Premise: What type of school was the Avery Normal Institute?

Hypothesis: General William T. Sherman lent his support to the conversion of the United States Arsenal into the Porter Military Academy, an educational facility for former soldiers and boys left orphaned or destitute by the war.


Premise: What 30 hour event raised more than a million dollars for charity in 2011?

Hypothesis: Annual events include Dance Marathon, a thirty-hour event that raised more than a million dollars for charity in 2011; and Project Pumpkin, a Halloween celebration hosted by the Northwestern Community Development Corps (NCDC) to which more than 800 local children are invited for an afternoon of games and sweets.


Premise: What does the Opening of the Triodion derive from?

Hypothesis: One of the season's high points is Tsiknopempti, when celebrants enjoy roast beef dinners; the ritual is repeated the following Sunday.


Premise: What are the main attractions of the Uruguayan Carnival?

Hypothesis: The Carnival in Uruguay covers more than 40 days, generally beginning towards the end of January and running through mid March.


Premise: What was the original purpose for the construction of the Tate Gallery?

Hypothesis: The Tate Gallery, as it was formerly known, also became a major centre for modern art; in 2000 this collection moved to Tate Modern, a new gallery housed in the former Bankside Power Station.


Premise: When did Egyptians start to make red pigment?

Hypothesis: The ancient Egyptians began manufacturing pigments in about 4000 BC.


Premise: Where was Kerry's boat on Dec 2-3, 1968?

Hypothesis: During the night of December 2 and early morning of December 3, 1968, Kerry was in charge of a small boat operating near a peninsula north of Cam Ranh Bay together with a Swift boat (PCF-60).


Premise: How did Archaic Indians use fire?

Hypothesis: Concurrently, the Archaic Indians began using fire in a controlled manner.


Premise: What was the NAS primarily a base for?

Hypothesis: The original NAS Bermuda on the west side of the island, a seaplane base until the mid-1960s, was designated as the Naval Air Station Bermuda Annex.


Premise: How is public notice given regarding a listing?

Hypothesis: A public hearing is mandatory if any person has requested one within 45 days of the published notice.


Premise: What determines a mammals diet type?

Hypothesis: The size of an animal is also a factor in determining diet type.


Premise: How many newborns were born with issues due to Kevadon?

Hypothesis: The firm continued to pressure Kelsey and the agency to approve the application—until November 1961, when the drug was pulled off the German market because of its association with grave congenital abnormalities.


Premise: When was the Premier League established?

Hypothesis: Everton against Aston Villa is the most played fixture in England's top flight, as of the 2012–13 season the two founder members of the Football League have played a record 196 league games.


Premise: What was Morrison forced to do in response to the Communist Party?

Hypothesis: Though they failed to make a large gain in influence, the membership of the Party had doubled by June 1941.


Premise: Who said that we should examine the impact a message has on the recipient of the message?

Hypothesis: The form depends on the abilities of the group communicating.


Premise: What does the low virulence of HIV allow victims to do?

Hypothesis: Also, the relatively low virulence allows its victims to travel long distances, increasing the likelihood of an epidemic.


Premise: Why did Schumann say the Poles were in mourning?

Hypothesis: Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November 1830 rising], their appeal to us artists is even stronger ...