Premise: Which government announced a $3.1 billion Wonthaggi desalination plant in June 2007?

Hypothesis: In response to low water supplies and low rainfall due to drought, the government implemented water restrictions and a range of other options including: water recycling schemes for the city, incentives for household water tanks, greywater systems, water consumption awareness initiatives, and other water saving and reuse initiatives; also, in June 2007, the Bracks Government announced that a $3.1 billion Wonthaggi desalination plant would be built on Victoria's south-east coast, capable of treating 150 billion litres of water per year, as well as a 70 km (43 mi) pipeline from the Goulburn area in Victoria's north to Melbourne and a new water pipeline linking Melbourne and Geelong.


Premise: During the Industrial Revolution what was the main driving force behind child labour?

Hypothesis: Child labour played an important role in the Industrial Revolution from its outset, often brought about by economic hardship.


Premise: Which works by Shakespeare is believed to be inspired by The Moors?

Hypothesis: These works are said to have been inspired by several Moorish delegations from Morocco to Elizabethan England at the beginning of the 17th century.


Premise: Max Weinreich is a linguist of what language?

Hypothesis: The Yiddish linguist Max Weinreich published the expression, A shprakh iz a dialekt mit an armey un flot ("אַ שפּראַך איז אַ דיאַלעקט מיט אַן אַרמײ און פֿלאָט":


Premise: What is the name of the blog that tried to rally votes for Sanjaya Malakar on American Idol?

Hypothesis: However, on April 18, Sanjaya was voted off.


Premise: Where did Liszt and Chopin last perform together?

Hypothesis: The first, on 2 April 1833, was at a benefit concert organized by Hector Berlioz for his bankrupt Shakespearean actress wife Harriet Smithson, during which they played George Onslow's Sonata in F minor for piano duet.


Premise: What year did Kanye West begin working with Adidas?

Hypothesis: West's efforts as a designer include collaborations with Nike, Louis Vuitton, and A.P.C. on both clothing and footwear, and have most prominently resulted in the Yeezy Season collaboration with Adidas beginning in 2013.


Premise: In Ancient India, which vernacular languages existed alongside Sanskrit?

Hypothesis: Sanskrit linguist Madhav Deshpande says that when the term "Sanskrit" arose it was not thought of as a specific language set apart from other languages, but rather as a particularly refined or perfected manner of speaking.


Premise: What temperature are cask ales stored at before being tapped?

Hypothesis: Typically, when a cask arrives in a pub, it is placed horizontally on a frame called a "stillage" which is designed to hold it steady and at the right angle, and then allowed to cool to cellar temperature (typically between 11–13 °C or 52–55 °F), before being tapped and vented—a tap is driven through a (usually rubber) bung at the bottom of one end, and a hard spile or other implement is used to open a hole in the side of the cask, which is now uppermost.


Premise: What year was Northwestern founded?

Hypothesis: Northwestern was founded in 1851 by John Evans, for whom the City of Evanston is named, and eight other lawyers, businessmen and Methodist leaders.


Premise: What does the Hyperdermis consist of?

Hypothesis: The hypodermis is made up of adipose tissue.


Premise: Where did the Mesopotamian people originate from?

Hypothesis: From their beginnings in Sumer (now Iraq) around 3500 BC, the Mesopotamian people began to attempt to record some observations of the world with numerical data.


Premise: Who provides the exposure index rating?

Hypothesis: The usual design is that the camera's parameters for interpreting the sensor data values into sRGB values are fixed, and a number of different EI choices are accommodated by varying the sensor's signal gain in the analog realm, prior to conversion to digital.


Premise: What may present visible or distracting artifacts?

Hypothesis: Highly compressed video may present visible or distracting artifacts.


Premise: What is the name of the aircraft circling the globe in 2015 via solar power?

Hypothesis: As of 2015, Solar Impulse, an electric aircraft, is currently circumnavigating the globe.


Premise: Why are birds' arteries composed of thick elastic muscles?

Hypothesis: Veins, unlike arteries, are thin and rigid as they do not need to withstand extreme pressure.


Premise: John lost the duchy of Normandy to who?

Hypothesis: The baronial revolt at the end of John's reign led to the sealing of the Magna Carta, a document sometimes considered to be an early step in the evolution of the constitution of the United Kingdom.


Premise: The domino theory was applied to Central America and what other region?

Hypothesis: He believed that if the communists were allowed to prevail in Vietnam, this would cause a succession of countries to fall to communism, from Laos through Malaysia and Indonesia ultimately to India.


Premise: What is one molecule of fat?

Hypothesis: Complete digestion of one molecule of fat (a triglyceride) results a mixture of fatty acids, mono- and di-glycerides, as well as some undigested triglycerides, but no free glycerol molecules.


Premise: How could a citizen avoid their labor duty to their local temple?

Hypothesis: Citizens had a labor duty to the temple, though they could avoid it by a payment of silver.


Premise: How has computer science helped science as a whole?

Hypothesis: One area in which advances in computing have contributed to more general scientific development is by facilitating large-scale archiving of scientific data.


Premise: What was the first year the London merchants were granted permission to sail the Indina Ocean?

Hypothesis: Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean.


Premise: Who won the first Nobel Prize in Physics?

Hypothesis: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays, an accomplishment that made him the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.


Premise: The Pliocene saw the end of what fauna in South America?

Hypothesis: South America became linked to North America through the Isthmus of Panama during the Pliocene, bringing a nearly complete end to South America's distinctive marsupial faunas.


Premise: Who sponsored the resolution to reopen trade with Vietnam, along with Kerry?

Hypothesis: The committee's report, which Kerry endorsed, stated there was "no compelling evidence that proves that any American remains alive in captivity in Southeast Asia."


Premise: How many people live on Norfolk Island?

Hypothesis: It has 1,796 inhabitants living on a total area of about 35 km2 (14 sq mi).


Premise: What country did Kerry discuss with Parolin?

Hypothesis: In January 2014, having met with Secretary of State, Archbishop Pietro Parolin, Kerry said "We touched on just about every major issue that we are both working on, that are issues of concern to all of us.


Premise: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Huckabee get?

Hypothesis: On the same day, John McCain won 54.4% of the borough's 5,643 Republican votes, Mitt Romney 20.8%, Mike Huckabee 8.2%, Ron Paul 7.4%, Rudy Giuliani 5.6%, and the other candidates (Fred Thompson, Duncan Hunter and Alan Keyes) 3.6% between them.


Premise: What does a concentrated solar power system use?

Hypothesis: Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP).


Premise: How long before the quake did Cyclone Nargis strike Burma?

Hypothesis: Francis Marcus of the International Federation of the Red Cross praised the Chinese rescue effort as "swift and very efficient" in Beijing on Tuesday.


Premise: Which rooms has large white marble statues of Prince Albert and Queen Victoria?

Hypothesis: The Gallery is hung with numerous works including some by Rembrandt, van Dyck, Rubens and Vermeer; other rooms leading from the Picture Gallery are the Throne Room and the Green Drawing Room.


Premise: If the officers want to advance their careers even further, where is that available?

Hypothesis: Following their basic and advanced training at the individual-level, soldiers may choose to continue their training and apply for an "additional skill identifier" (ASI).


Premise: In what year did Tucson get the most rain?

Hypothesis: The wettest year was 1983 with 21.86 in (555 mm) of precipitation, and the driest year was 1953 with 5.34 in (136 mm).


Premise: How does Forbe's believe the Arsenal club was worth in 2015?

Hypothesis: Based on social media activity from 2014–15, Arsenal's fanbase is the fifth largest in the world.


Premise: What part of Plymouth is the Roland Levinsky building situated in?

Hypothesis: It has been consistently considered one of the UK's most beautiful university buildings.


Premise: When did One Thousand and One Nights first get translated in the West?

Hypothesis: This work has been very influential in the West since it was translated in the 18th century, first by Antoine Galland.


Premise: When did Celcil Woodham-Smith also write a well recieved biography about Victoria?

Hypothesis: The biographies written by Elizabeth Longford and Cecil Woodham-Smith, in 1964 and 1972 respectively, are still widely admired.


Premise: What is the biggest conglomeration of start-up companies in Cork?

Hypothesis: Research institutes linked to the third level colleges in the city support the research and innovation capacity of the city and region.


Premise: What are the meanings of the Greek word for asphalt?

Hypothesis: The word asphalt is derived from the late Middle English, in turn from French asphalte, based on Late Latin asphalton, asphaltum, which is the latinisation of the Greek ἄσφαλτος (ásphaltos, ásphalton), a word meaning "asphalt/bitumen/pitch", which perhaps derives from ἀ-, "without" and σφάλλω (sfallō), "make fall".


Premise: Why has MTP become the primary storage access protocol of the Android operating system?

Hypothesis: The primary reason for this is that MTP does not require exclusive access to the storage device the way UMS does, alleviating potential problems should an Android program request the storage while it is attached to a computer.


Premise: Where is tracheae located?

Hypothesis: For males, the reproductive system is the testis, suspended in the body cavity by tracheae and the fat body.


Premise: In what year did Tito travel to China to reconcile with Chinese leadership?

Hypothesis: He continued to travel abroad and receive foreign visitors, going to Beijing in 1977 and reconciling with a Chinese leadership that had once branded him a revisionist.


Premise: What are the Members of classes of the Order assigned to?

Hypothesis: Members of all classes of the Order are assigned positions in the order of precedence.


Premise: How many of the football clubs in the Premier League are based in London?

Hypothesis: London's most popular sport is football and it has fourteen League football clubs, including five in the Premier League: Arsenal, Chelsea, Crystal Palace, Tottenham Hotspur, and West Ham United.


Premise: Along with Kenny G and Dave Koz, what artist was featured on smooth jazz stations?

Hypothesis: In its early years of existence, the smooth jazz format was considered to be a form of AC, although it was mainly instrumental, and related a stronger resemblance to the soft AC-styled music.


Premise: How much does it cost to attend Eton Dorney throughout the year?

Hypothesis: Access to the 400-acre parkland around the Lake is provided to members of the public, free of charge, almost all the year round.


Premise: What characteristic of a single witness is the most beneficial to a textual critic?

Hypothesis: The role of the textual critic is necessary when these basic criteria are in conflict.


Premise: When is the rainiest season in Namibia?

Hypothesis: The winter (June – August) is generally dry, both rainy seasons occur in summer, the small rainy season between September and November, the big one between February and April.


Premise: What does The Rhone begin as?

Hypothesis: Other rivers such as the Danube have major tributaries flowing into them that originate in the Alps.


Premise: Why do almost all carriers using conventional aircraft have arrested-recovery systems?

Hypothesis: Post-WWII Royal Navy research on safer CATOBAR recovery eventually led to universal adoption of a landing area angled off axis to allow aircraft who missed the arresting wires to "bolt" and safely return to flight for another landing attempt rather than crashing into aircraft on the forward deck.


Premise: Whose graduates tutored many boys from the Jenkins Orphanage?

Hypothesis: The orphanage accepted donations of musical instruments and Rev. Jenkins hired local Charleston musicians and Avery Institute Graduates to tutor the boys in music.


Premise: What ended up not being supported in the GameCube version of Twilight Princess?

Hypothesis: Details about Wii controls began to surface in December 2005 when British publication NGC Magazine claimed that when a GameCube copy of Twilight Princess was played on the Revolution, it would give the player the option of using the Revolution controller.


Premise: What can help make LEDs more widely used?

Hypothesis: LEDs are often used for this purpose, and this is likely to remain one of their major uses until the price drops low enough to make signaling and illumination uses more widespread.


Premise: What was the name of the man that tried to shoot Queen Victoria?

Hypothesis: On 29 May 1842, Victoria was riding in a carriage along The Mall, London, when John Francis aimed a pistol at her but the gun did not fire; he escaped.


Premise: What government funded the restoration of the borrow pits on Tuvalu?

Hypothesis: Since 1994 a project has been in development to assess the environmental impact of transporting sand from the lagoon to fill all the borrow pits and low-lying areas on Fongafale.


Premise: What did Hume think our beliefs are?

Hypothesis: Hume maintained that all knowledge, even the most basic beliefs about the natural world, cannot be conclusively established by reason.


Premise: In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with which country?

Hypothesis: In 1348 and 1349 Portugal, like the rest of Europe, was devastated by the Black Death.


Premise: Where did early anthropology originate?

Hypothesis: Anthropology is a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another.


Premise: The earliest form of drama we know of was part of what culture?

Hypothesis: Greek drama exemplifies the earliest form of drama of which we have substantial knowledge.


Premise: When was federalism put into place?

Hypothesis: Therefore, it is now suggested that federalism is more appropriately conceived as 'a division of the powers flowing from sovereignty between two levels of government'.


Premise: What element in Spanish is more prominent than in Catalan?

Hypothesis: However, the Arabic element in Spanish is generally much more prevalent.


Premise: What year did Chinese astronomers start to observe comets?

Hypothesis: By 635 Chinese astronomers had observed that the tails of comets always point away from the sun.


Premise: In the 19th century, how many african american congressmen were elected?

Hypothesis: Voters of North Carolina's 2nd congressional district elected a total of four African-American congressmen through these years of the late 19th century.


Premise: Who noted that 14th century monks bought books in shops?

Hypothesis: During this period the practice of manuscript illumination gradually passed from monasteries to lay workshops, so that according to Janetta Benton "by 1300 most monks bought their books in shops", and the book of hours developed as a form of devotional book for lay-people.


Premise: What US cities have more impressive skylines than Miami's?

Hypothesis: Miami's skyline is ranked third-most impressive in the U.S., behind New York City and Chicago, and 19th in the world according to the Almanac of Architecture and Design.


Premise: What notable shop is located in a grade II listed building?

Hypothesis: The Tinside Pool is situated at the foot of the Hoe and became a grade II listed building in 1998 before being restored to its 1930s look for £3.4 million.


Premise: What is the primary use of IRENE?

Hypothesis: In some ways similar to the laser turntable is the IRENE scanning machine for disc records, which images with microphotography in two dimensions, invented by a team of physicists at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories.


Premise: What is the formulia to determine torque?

Hypothesis: Once these have been established by mathematical analysis using FEA or other tools the torque may be calculated as the integral of all the vectors of force multiplied by the radius of each vector.


Premise: How many consecutive wins did Barcelona have in 2010-11?

Hypothesis: On 10 February, qualifying for the sixth Copa del Rey final in the last eight seasons, Luis Enrique’s Barcelona broke the club's record of 28 consecutive games unbeaten in all competitions set by Guardiola’s team in the 2010–11 season, with a 1–1 draw with Valencia in the second leg of the 2015–16 Copa del Rey.


Premise: Two-fifths of the state's territory was divided between how many families?

Hypothesis: During this time, two-fifths of the state's territory was divided among 17 rich families which owned practically all of the arable land in Chihuahua.


Premise: After signing a peace treaty with Venice, in what region did the Ottoman empire expand?

Hypothesis: It was a startling, if mostly symbolic, blow to the image of Ottoman invincibility, an image which the victory of the Knights of Malta against the Ottoman invaders in the 1565 Siege of Malta had recently set about eroding.


Premise: What did the Shanghai Stock Exchange do?

Hypothesis: Copper rose over speculations that production in southwestern China may be affected, and oil prices dropped over speculations that demand from China would fall.


Premise: What percentage of NH grants in Missouri went to Washington University?

Hypothesis: Nearly 80% of NIH grants to institutions in the state of Missouri went to Washington University alone in 2007.


Premise: What do constituent states still have?

Hypothesis: Since today's Germany was formed from an earlier collection of several states, it has a federal constitution, and the constituent states retain a measure of sovereignty.


Premise: Who is a notable subjective idealist?

Hypothesis: Subjective idealists like George Berkeley are anti-realists in terms of a mind-independent world, whereas transcendental idealists like Immanuel Kant are strong skeptics of such a world, affirming epistemological and not metaphysical idealism.


Premise: What typically happens when a match is won?

Hypothesis: When a match is won, the victor's theme music is usually also played in celebration.


Premise: What is Spielberg's net worth?

Hypothesis: His personal net worth is estimated to be more than $3 billion.


Premise: In what year did the CBS Corporation begin another CBS Records?

Hypothesis: CBS Corporation founded a new CBS Records in 2006, which is distributed by Sony through its RED subsidiary.


Premise: When did the Arab apartheid intensify?

Hypothesis: In early 1991, non-Arabs of the Zaghawa tribe of Sudan attested that they were victims of an intensifying Arab apartheid campaign, segregating Arabs and non-Arabs (specifically people of sub-Saharan African descent).


Premise: What smaller university is in Utrecht

Hypothesis: According to Shanghai Jiaotong University's university ranking in 2014 it is the 57th best university in the world.


Premise: Why was this plant chosen for sequencing?

Hypothesis: Arabidopsis was the first plant to have its genome sequenced, in 2000.


Premise: Sweden's two high courts are what?

Hypothesis: In Sweden, the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court respectively function as the highest courts of the land.


Premise: Where was Rufino Tamayo born?

Hypothesis: In southern Mexico City, the Museo Carrillo Gil (Carrillo Gil Museum) showcases avant-garde artists, as does the University Museum/Contemporary Art (Museo Universitario Arte Contemporáneo – or MUAC), designed by famed Mexican architect Teodoro González de León, inaugurated in late 2008.


Premise: What are fleas, ticks and mites called?

Hypothesis: Dogs are also susceptible to parasites such as fleas, ticks, and mites, as well as hookworms, tapeworms, roundworms, and heartworms.


Premise: Data made public who is available to estimate the cost of an incident?

Hypothesis: The reliability of these estimates is often challenged; the underlying methodology is basically anecdotal."


Premise: When did the US Court of Appeals rule in the case of ACLU v. Mercer County?

Hypothesis: In ruling on the Mount Soledad cross controversy on May 3, 2006, however, a federal judge ruled that the cross on public property on Mount Soledad must be removed.


Premise: What are some of the things included in these recordings?

Hypothesis: In recent years a large number of wartime recordings relating to the Blitz have been made available on audiobooks such as The Blitz, The Home Front and British War Broadcasting.


Premise: The Muslims lived near what current market?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, Muslims who remained in the city after the conquest were entrenched in a Moorish neighbourhood next to the present-day market Mosen Sorel.


Premise: What one criteria was used in early times to judge a great power's status?

Hypothesis: Early writings on the subject tended to judge states by the realist criterion, as expressed by the historian A. J. P. Taylor when he noted that "The test of a great power is the test of strength for war."


Premise: Their third album, Survivor, sold how many during its first week?

Hypothesis: When the third album Survivor was released in May 2001, Luckett and Roberson filed a lawsuit claiming that the songs were aimed at them.


Premise: What was the reason Nasser rejected the Muslim Brotherhood?

Hypothesis: Nasser was sent as a member of the Egyptian delegation to Rhodes in February 1949 to negotiate a formal armistice with Israel, and reportedly considered the terms to be humiliating, particularly because the Israelis were able to easily occupy the Eilat region while negotiating with the Arabs in March.


Premise: How many Dominican friars were there in 2013?

Hypothesis: Statistics for 1876 show 3,748, but 500 of these had been expelled from their convents and were engaged in parochial work.


Premise: When did Nigeria finally hold a fair election?

Hypothesis: Free and fair elections were finally held on 12 June 1993, with a presidential victory for Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola.


Premise: What was very important to the polish nobility?

Hypothesis: Coats of arms were very important to the Polish nobility.


Premise: From what year was Greece's levels of GDP growth above the Eurozone average?

Hypothesis: From 2000 Greece saw high levels of GDP growth above the Eurozone average, peaking at 5.8% in 2003 and 5.7% in 2006.


Premise: Why is xenon gas not more widely used?

Hypothesis: Higher molecular weight gasses have lower thermal conductivity, because both the molecular weight is higher and also the cross sectional area is higher.


Premise: Which company owns the rights to National Hockey League broadcasts?

Hypothesis: This was required by the CRTC as Rogers exercises editorial control and sells all advertising time during the HNIC broadcasts, even though the CBC bug and promos for other CBC Television programs appear throughout HNIC.


Premise: What is NYC's largest park?

Hypothesis: It includes New York City's largest park: Pelham Bay Park along the Westchester-Bronx border.


Premise: What country borders south Estonia?

Hypothesis: Across the Baltic Sea lies Sweden in the west and Finland in the north.


Premise: When was Saint Petersburg established?

Hypothesis: The site where the Saint Petersburg Passage sprawls had been devoted to trade since the city's foundation in the early 18th century.


Premise: Who is pictured on Bermudian dollars?

Hypothesis: Bermudian notes carry the image of Queen Elizabeth II.


Premise: What types of feathers did debutantes wear in their hair?

Hypothesis: These young women were known as débutantes, and the occasion—termed their "coming out"—represented their first entrée into society.


Premise: What is the Tokugawa period also known as?

Hypothesis: Society in the Japanese "Tokugawa period" (Edo society), unlike the shogunates before it, was based on the strict class hierarchy originally established by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.


Premise: What does USAID stands for?

Hypothesis: In 1993, the newly formed government of Namibia received funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through its Living in a Finite Environment (LIFE) Project.


Premise: How did critics characterize Kennedy in comparison to Eisenhower?

Hypothesis: He was widely seen by critics as an inactive, uninspiring, golf-playing president compared to his vigorous young successor.


Premise: What electric instrument is often seen in adult contemporary?

Hypothesis: However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).


Premise: What type of diviners were suspect in Rome?

Hypothesis: Secretive consultations between private diviners and their clients were thus suspect.


Premise: What is the most common cause for software failure?

Hypothesis: For example, in the case of a lack of backward compatibility, this can occur because the programmers develop and test software only on the latest version of the target environment, which not all users may be running.


Premise: What religion was a majority in Germany?

Hypothesis: Integrating the Austrians nevertheless remained a strong desire for many people of Germany and Austria, especially among the liberals, the social democrats and also the Catholics who were a minority within the Protestant Germany.


Premise: What is the average thickness of an Antartican glacier?

Hypothesis: On Earth, 99% of glacial ice is contained within vast ice sheets in the polar regions, but glaciers may be found in mountain ranges on every continent except Australia, and on a few high-latitude oceanic islands.


Premise: What might happen in a restrictive state even if you do have access to the youtube site itself?

Hypothesis: In cases where the entire site is banned due to one particular video, YouTube will often agree to remove or limit access to that video in order to restore service.


Premise: Greece has the biggest economic power where?

Hypothesis: A founding member of the United Nations, Greece was the tenth member to join the European Communities (precursor to the European Union) and has been part of the Eurozone since 2001.


Premise: Houston is located in which Texas county?

Hypothesis: With a census-estimated 2014 population of 2.239 million people, within a land area of 599.6 square miles (1,553 km2), it also is the largest city in the Southern United States, as well as the seat of Harris County.


Premise: Who once used the spice route that the Ottoman Empire controlled?

Hypothesis: The Empire controlled the spice route that Marco Polo once used.


Premise: Dogs do not require a very high level of what when eating?

Hypothesis: Unlike obligate carnivores, such as the cat family with its shorter small intestine, dogs can adapt to a wide-ranging diet, and are not dependent on meat-specific protein nor a very high level of protein in order to fulfill their basic dietary requirements.


Premise: When was Windows 8.1 introduced?

Hypothesis: An upgrade to Windows 8 known as Windows 8.1 was officially announced by Microsoft on May 14, 2013.


Premise: In feet, how much of the Dawlish sea wall was destroyed?

Hypothesis: In the wake of widespread disruption caused by damage to the mainline track at Dawlish by coastal storms in February 2014, Network Rail are considering reopening the Tavistock to Okehampton and Exeter section of the line as an alternative to the coastal route.


Premise: For what was most of the the Bitumont plant's output was used for waterproofing?

Hypothesis: Most of the bitumen was used for waterproofing roofs, but other uses included fuels, lubrication oils, printers ink, medicines, rust and acid-proof paints, fireproof roofing, street paving, patent leather, and fence post preservatives.


Premise: Which artistic principle was innovated by Brunelleschi?

Hypothesis: Greater realism was also achieved through the scientific study of anatomy, championed by artists like Donatello.


Premise: Passages in what teaching support the idea that the Buddha taught of a stage between lives?

Hypothesis: According to East Asian and Tibetan Buddhism, there is an intermediate state (Tibetan "bardo") between one life and the next.


Premise: What was the result of the naval encounter between Britain and France?

Hypothesis: In further action, Admiral Edward Boscawen fired on the French ship Alcide on 8 June 1755, capturing it and two troop ships.


Premise: What is the common name of the species that causes Toxocariasis?

Hypothesis: Toxocara canis (dog roundworm) eggs in dog feces can cause toxocariasis.


Premise: Who did the Gelug exchange gifts with?

Hypothesis: Even though the Gelug exchanged gifts with and sent missions to the Ming court up until the 1430s, the Gelug was not mentioned in the Mingshi or the Mingshi Lu.


Premise: Which series of applications was Claris responsible for inventing?

Hypothesis: By the early 1990s, Claris applications were shipping with the majority of consumer-level Macintoshes and were extremely popular.


Premise: What are two types of railway transportation still use DC motor?

Hypothesis: Until the mid 1980s this was only practical with the brush-type DC motor, although such DC can be supplied from an AC catenary via on-board electric power conversion.


Premise: What is an example of a modern Dominican Order follower?

Hypothesis: Today, there is a growing number of Associates who share the Dominican charism.


Premise: What tendencies do reformed charismatics avoid?

Hypothesis: In Congregational and Presbyterian churches which profess a traditionally Calvinist or Reformed theology there are differing views regarding present-day continuation or cessation of the gifts (charismata) of the Spirit.


Premise: Who invented the hydraulic crane in 1846?

Hypothesis: These quickly supplanted the earlier steam driven elevators: exploiting Pascal's law, they provided a much greater force.


Premise: Which court case upheld the rule of nondelegation?

Hypothesis: Under the nondelegation doctrine, Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency.


Premise: How long has Puerto Rico had representation in Congress?

Hypothesis: As American citizens, Puerto Ricans can vote in U.S. presidential elections, provided they reside in one of the 50 states or the District of Columbia and not in Puerto Rico itself.


Premise: Poor rule by what class of people strained the empire?

Hypothesis: The effective military and bureaucratic structures of the previous century came under strain during a protracted period of misrule by weak Sultans.


Premise: In what year did Sulla succesfully take over the populares controlled city?

Hypothesis: During the period in which the populares party controlled the city, they flouted convention by re-electing Marius consul several times without observing the customary ten-year interval between offices.


Premise: How tall is the JP Morgan Chase Tower?

Hypothesis: many by real estate developer Gerald D. Hines—culminating with Houston's tallest skyscraper, the 75-floor, 1,002-foot (305 m)-tall JPMorgan Chase Tower (formerly the Texas Commerce Tower), completed in 1982.


Premise: On what date was it reported that the AFL was considering bankruptcy?

Hypothesis: Despite this, several of the league's creditors filed papers to force a Chapter 7 liquidation if the league did not do so voluntarily.


Premise: *Slověninъ, plural *Slověne, is the Slavic autonym reconstructed in what?

Hypothesis: The Slavic autonym is reconstructed in Proto-Slavic as *Slověninъ, plural *Slověne.


Premise: How many people lived in the cities?

Hypothesis: It is fairly certain that it was during the Uruk period that Sumerian cities began to make use of slave labor captured from the hill country, and there is ample evidence for captured slaves as workers in the earliest texts.


Premise: How many grades are there in medieval craft guilds?

Hypothesis: There are additional degrees, which vary with locality and jurisdiction, and are usually administered by different bodies than the craft degrees.


Premise: In what item has Tuvalu traditional design been produced?

Hypothesis: The material culture of Tuvalu uses traditional design elements in artefacts used in everyday life such as the design of canoes and fish hooks made from traditional materials.


Premise: Who were  the chief arbiters of the new world order?

Hypothesis: The conclusion of the Great War and the resulting treaties of Versailles, St-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres witnessed the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan and the United States as the chief arbiters of the new world order.


Premise: Who did Kuruma negotiate with?

Hypothesis: On the evening of 12 April 2012, members of the country's military staged a coup d'état and arrested the interim president and a leading presidential candidate.


Premise: For what reason is Plymouth Sound a Site of Special Scientific Interest?

Hypothesis: The bulk of the city is built upon Upper Devonian slates and shales and the headlands at the entrance to Plymouth Sound are formed of Lower Devonian slates, which can withstand the power of the sea.


Premise: When was the mosaic at Santa Sabina replaced with a fresco?

Hypothesis: The original 5th-century apse mosaic of the Santa Sabina was replaced by a very similar fresco by Taddeo Zuccari in 1559.


Premise: What is the maximum prison time for infringement under the new law?

Hypothesis: The court's ruling explicitly drew attention to the shortcomings of current law that allowed people to facilitate mass copyright infringement while being immune to prosecution under the Copyright Act.


Premise: Who released the prisoners in the 1950s?

Hypothesis: On February 7, 1987, dozens of political prisoners were freed in the first group release since Khrushchev's "thaw" in the mid-1950s.


Premise: Which company is responsible for the HD version of Twilight Princess?

Hypothesis: A high-definition remaster of the game,


Premise: Who benefited from secondary schools?

Hypothesis: This proved beneficial for both employers and employees, since the improved human capital lowered costs for the employer, while skilled employees received a higher wages.


Premise: In the USSR, what SSR did the RSFSR border along with the Kazakh SSR?

Hypothesis: The international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland on the west; Norway and Finland on the northwest; and to its southeast were the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China.


Premise: What type of church was formed after Rev G.H. Nobbs' death in 1884?

Hypothesis: The Roman Catholic Church began work in 1957 and in the late 1990s a group left the former Methodist (then Uniting Church) and formed a charismatic fellowship.


Premise: London is directly connected to continental Europe through what rail service?

Hypothesis: The opening of the Channel Tunnel in 1994 connected London directly to the continental rail network, allowing Eurostar services to begin.


Premise: Where was a test performed to collect data on student preference for MP3 quality?

Hypothesis: Berger said the students seem to prefer the 'sizzle' sounds that MP3s bring to music.


Premise: When did Apple begin to favor aluminum in their design?

Hypothesis: Starting in 2006, Apple's industrial design shifted to favor aluminum, which was used in the construction of the first MacBook Pro.


Premise: Is Southwest Ledge Light still active today?

Hypothesis: The park remains popular among New Haveners, and is home to the Five Mile Point Lighthouse, constructed in 1847, and the Lighthouse Point Carousel, constructed in 1916.


Premise: Where are madaris considered less desirable?

Hypothesis: However, in Western Islamic lands, where the Maliki views prohibited donors from controlling their endowment, madaris were not as popular.


Premise: How many viewers on average watched the Premier League 2014-15 season in the US?

Hypothesis: Premier League viewership has increased rapidly, with NBC and NBCSN averaging a record 479,000 viewers in the 2014–15 season, up 118% from 2012–13 when coverage still aired on Fox Soccer and ESPN/ESPN2 (220,000 viewers), and NBC Sports has been widely praised for its coverage.


Premise: What is solar power?

Hypothesis: Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP).


Premise: Where did the creator of Mr Benn and King Rollo study?

Hypothesis: Illustrator and creator of children's series Mr Benn and King Rollo, David McKee, was born and brought up in South Devon and trained at Plymouth College of Art.


Premise: What were the nobles named in lithuanian?

Hypothesis: In Lithuania Propria and in Samogitia prior to the creation of the Kingdom of Lithuania by Mindaugas, nobles were named die beste leuten in sources that were written in German language.


Premise: Who are the Yale colleges named after?

Hypothesis: In 2017, the university expects to open two new colleges near Science Hill.


Premise: What technique is used to prevent unintentional decrease in signal?

Hypothesis: In order to efficiently send the signal into the transmission line, it is important that the transmission line has the same impedance as the elements, otherwise some of the signal will be reflected back into the antenna.


Premise: What party received income from the sale of public drinking house licenses?

Hypothesis: There was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown.


Premise: What were Albert's best qualities?

Hypothesis: He is so sensible, so kind, and so good, and so amiable too.


Premise: Who identified Ashkenaz with the Saquliba or Slavic territories?

Hypothesis: His contemporary Saadia Gaon identified Ashkenaz with the Saquliba or Slavic territories, and such usage covered also the lands of tribes neighboring the Slavs, and Eastern and Central Europe.


Premise: What form of chocolate is especially toxic to dogs?

Hypothesis: Dogs are highly susceptible to theobromine poisoning, typically from ingestion of chocolate.


Premise: Did the Whigs support or oppose the Catholic king?

Hypothesis: A major influence on the Whigs were the liberal political ideas of John Locke, and the concepts of universal rights employed by Locke and Algernon Sidney.


Premise: Who is the artist that drew grapes so lifelike, birds flew up and pecked at them?

Hypothesis: The motif of deceptively realistic naturalism in art (aletheia) is reflected in stories such as that of the painter Zeuxis, who was said to have painted grapes that seemed so real that birds came and pecked at them.


Premise: The introduction of what caused the larger anti-aircraft guns to disappear in the USSR?

Hypothesis: The same thing occurred in the USSR after the introduction of their SA-2 Guideline systems.


Premise: How many clubs entered in 2006-07?

Hypothesis: In the 2004–05 season, 660 clubs entered the competition, beating the long-standing record of 656 from the 1921–22 season.


Premise: All PID bytes include how many 0 bits?

Hypothesis: Low-bandwidth devices are supported with a special PID value, PRE.


Premise: Where did the band Nonpoint form?

Hypothesis: Also, ska punk band Against All Authority is from Miami, and rock/metal bands Nonpoint and Marilyn Manson each formed in neighboring Fort Lauderdale.


Premise: What leader did Nasser bond with durin gthe negotiations?

Hypothesis: During the summit, Nasser developed cordial relations with King Hussein, and ties were mended with the rulers of Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Morocco.


Premise: The company used camouflage from what designers?

Hypothesis: The RAND Corporation began as a project of the Douglas Company in 1945, and spun off into an independent think tank on May 14, 1948.


Premise: What was occasionally visible in grander buildings?

Hypothesis: The roof was typically invisible from the ground, though domes were sometimes visible in grander buildings.


Premise: For what reason would birds mor far beyond the normal range?

Hypothesis: Sometimes circumstances such as a good breeding season followed by a food source failure the following year lead to irruptions in which large numbers of a species move far beyond the normal range.


Premise: What is the mother of a litter referred as?

Hypothesis: A group of offspring is a litter.


Premise: What was the name of the song he wrote at age thirteen?

Hypothesis: His mother recalled that she first took notice of West's passion for drawing and music when he was in the third grade.


Premise: Were the pretend baptisms real?

Hypothesis: Rufinus relates a story that as Bishop Alexander stood by a window, he watched boys playing on the seashore below, imitating the ritual of Christian baptism.


Premise: What genre of book is To Kill a Mockingbird?

Hypothesis: Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.


Premise: Who first began dividing foods into categories?

Hypothesis: William Prout in 1827 was the first person to divide foods into carbohydrates, fat, and protein.


Premise: In what year did the invasion of Russia take place?

Hypothesis: After the invasion of Russia in 1812, the number of French troops in Spain vastly declined as Napoleon needed reinforcements to conserve his strategic position in Europe.


Premise: In what year was Russia declared an empire?

Hypothesis: Ruling from 1682 to 1725, Peter defeated Sweden in the Great Northern War, forcing it to cede West Karelia and Ingria (two regions lost by Russia in the Time of Troubles), as well as Estland and Livland, securing Russia's access to the sea and sea trade.


Premise: In which city did Obregon sign a number of treaties?

Hypothesis: The fight against Huerta formally ended on August 15, 1914, when Álvaro Obregón signed a number of treaties in Teoloyucan in which the last of Huerta's forces surrendered to him and recognized the constitutional government.


Premise: Who pioneered parsimony?

Hypothesis: William of Ockham introduced the principle of parsimony: natural philosophers should not postulate unnecessary entities, so that motion is not a distinct thing but is only the moving object and an intermediary "sensible species" is not needed to transmit an image of an object to the eye.


Premise: What causes the ice to break and crack loudly?

Hypothesis: The cracking creates unpredictable and dangerous crevasses, often invisible under new snowfall, which cause the greatest danger to mountaineers.


Premise: How was the Ottoman Empire portrayed in the press?

Hypothesis: Relations of minorities within the Ottoman Empire and the disposition of former Ottoman lands became known as the "Eastern Question," as the Ottomans were on the east of Europe.


Premise: What is the highest possible color rendering index score?

Hypothesis: Although inefficient, incandescent light bulbs have an advantage in applications where accurate color reproduction is important, since the continuous blackbody spectrum emitted from an incandescent light-bulb filament yields near-perfect color rendition, with a color rendering index of 100 (the best possible).


Premise: What things are important to the economy of Richmond?

Hypothesis: Richmond's economy is primarily driven by law, finance, and government, with federal, state, and local governmental agencies, as well as notable legal and banking firms, located in the downtown area.


Premise: Where ducks ever used as a type of commerence in the world?

Hypothesis: Even if this is not the case, domestication of the duck took place in the Far East at least 1500 years earlier than in the West.


Premise: Who wrote that some controversies reach a crisis level may actually be "positive and highly productive?"

Hypothesis: Baptist historian Walter Shurden says the word "crisis" comes from the Greek word meaning "to decide.


Premise: Which speech did Bill Clinton's speech draw parallels to?

Hypothesis: In his speech, he discussed the history in the United States that brought the policy into fruition: slavery, Jim Crow, and segregation.


Premise: What are the stems used for in cacti?

Hypothesis: Angiosperms are seed-producing plants that produce flowers and have enclosed seeds.


Premise: What did Reformers increase so that their followers could read the Bible?

Hypothesis: As the Reformers wanted all members of the church to be able to read the Bible, education on all levels got a strong boost.


Premise: What are bounds volumes of comics called in America?

Hypothesis: In English-speaking countries, bound volumes of comics are called graphic novels and are available in various formats.


Premise: Who provided for his protection while he was in Rome?

Hypothesis: Athanasius went to Rome, where he was under the protection of Constans, the Emperor of the West.


Premise: What was the final goal of the state economic system?

Hypothesis: The ultimate aim was to increase the state revenues without damaging the prosperity of subjects to prevent the emergence of social disorder and to keep the traditional organization of the society intact.


Premise: What is the only known gateway between Twilight Realm & Hyrule?

Hypothesis: Once the portal has been restored, Midna is revealed to be the true ruler of the Twilight Realm, usurped by Zant when he cursed her into her current form.


Premise: What could decrease alcohol content during the brewing process?

Hypothesis: The alcohol in beer comes primarily from the metabolism of sugars that are produced during fermentation.


Premise: What is Oklahoma's fourth most popular language?

Hypothesis: In addition to Cherokee, more than 25 Native American languages are spoken in Oklahoma, second only to California (though, it should be noted that only Cherokee exhibits language vitality at present).


Premise: Where did "The Founders" go to school?

Hypothesis: Soon thereafter, a group of ten Congregationalist ministers: Samuel Andrew, Thomas Buckingham, Israel Chauncy, Samuel Mather, Rev. James Noyes II (son of James Noyes), James Pierpont, Abraham Pierson, Noadiah Russell, Joseph Webb and Timothy Woodbridge, all alumni of Harvard, met in the study of Reverend Samuel Russell in Branford, Connecticut, to pool their books to form the school's library.


Premise: What changes can be linked to learning and memory?

Hypothesis: For example, the hippocampus is believed to be involved in spatial learning and declarative learning, while the amygdala is thought to be involved in emotional memory.


Premise: What was the job title of Ed Policy?

Hypothesis: Progress on the return stalled, and no announcements were made regarding the future of the league.


Premise: What Christians did Kangxi allow in his court?

Hypothesis: The Kangxi Emperor also welcomed to his court Jesuit missionaries, who had first come to China under the Ming.


Premise: Who did John Rut write a letter to in 1527?

Hypothesis: When John Rut visited St. John's in 1527 he found Norman, Breton and Portuguese ships in the harbour.


Premise: When was "The Designs of Inigo Jones" book published?

Hypothesis: Four influential books were published in the first quarter of the 18th century which highlighted the simplicity and purity of classical architecture: Vitruvius Britannicus (Colen Campbell 1715), Palladio's Four Books of Architecture (1715), De Re Aedificatoria (1726) and The Designs of Inigo Jones... with Some Additional Designs (1727).


Premise: What identity status paradigm emerged due to the work of James Marcia?

Hypothesis: The central idea is that any individual's sense of identity is determined in large part by the explorations and commitments that he or she makes regarding certain personal and social traits.


Premise: The Jats assisted in building what state?

Hypothesis: Traditionally the Rajputs, Jats, Meenas, Gurjars, Bhils, Rajpurohit, Charans, Yadavs, Bishnois, Sermals, PhulMali (Saini) and other tribes made a great contribution in building the state of Rajasthan.


Premise: Where were the first modern greenhouses built?

Hypothesis: The first modern greenhouses were built in Europe in the 16th century to keep exotic plants brought back from explorations abroad.


Premise: Where was the former location in Mesa?

Hypothesis: The former location in Mesa is actually the second HoHoKam Park; the first was built in 1976 as the spring-training home of the Oakland Athletics who left the park in 1979.


Premise: What causes humans to underestimate time intervals?

Hypothesis: Stimulants can lead both humans and rats to overestimate time intervals, while depressants can have the opposite effect.


Premise: In what year did Huo Guang die?

Hypothesis: The liquor monopoly lasted only from 98 to 81 BC, and the salt and iron monopolies were eventually abolished in early Eastern Han.


Premise: What season is February in Tucson?

Hypothesis: The Fiesta de los Vaqueros marks the beginning of the rodeo season in the United States.


Premise: What was Tuscon known as 12,000 years ago?

Hypothesis: Tucson was probably first visited by Paleo-Indians, known to have been in southern Arizona about 12,000 years ago.


Premise: what does prajnaparamita mean?

Hypothesis: Besides emptiness, Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight (prajñāpāramitā) and Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha).


Premise: Which country along with France contested England's claim to the Charleston region?

Hypothesis: These were combined with raids by Native Americans, who tried to protect themselves from so-called European "settlers," who in turn wanted to expand the settlement.


Premise: How much economic assistance does Namibia get from tourism from hunting?

Hypothesis: Sport hunting is also a large, and growing component of the Namibian economy, accounting for 14% of total tourism in the year 2000, or $19.6 million US dollars, with Namibia boasting numerous species sought after by international sport hunters.


Premise: Despite an apparent lead by Bush early on, what was thought to be a concern?

Hypothesis: Such a scenario would almost certainly have resulted in a victory for Bush, as Republicans controlled more House delegations.


Premise: How many primary classes were there?

Hypothesis: The municipality had 266 primary classes and 5,040 pupils.


Premise: What kind of births did the Christian Church fathers believe occurred in nature?

Hypothesis: Early Christian Church Fathers and Medieval European scholars interpreted the Genesis creation narrative allegorically rather than as a literal historical account; organisms were described by their mythological and heraldic significance as well as by their physical form.


Premise: What century had forgotten comic forms rediscovered?

Hypothesis: Similar to the problems of defining literature and film, no consensus has been reached on a definition of the comics medium, and attempted definitions and descriptions have fallen prey to numerous exceptions.


Premise: When was the Peace of Naupactus?

Hypothesis: Philip V, who came to power when Doson died in 221 BC, was the last Macedonian ruler with both the talent and the opportunity to unite Greece and preserve its independence against the "cloud rising in the west": the ever-increasing power of Rome.


Premise: What is the name of the largest public library in Hyderabad?

Hypothesis: Organisations engaged in the advancement of literature include the Sahitya Akademi, the Urdu Academy, the Telugu Academy, the National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language, the Comparative Literature Association of India, and the Andhra Saraswata Parishad.


Premise: Who is the Mayor of Miami?

Hypothesis: The government of the City of Miami (proper) uses the mayor-commissioner type of system.


Premise: The retired police officer said she would not run as what?

Hypothesis: On April 16, a protest was organised in Delhi "against Chinese repression in Tibet", and was broken up by the police.


Premise: What state notably had electric chair malfunctions?

Hypothesis: Some, particularly in Florida, were noted for malfunctions, which caused discussion of their cruelty and resulted in a shift to lethal injection as the preferred method of execution.


Premise: What two epic narratives were written by Homer?

Hypothesis: Although drama was popular in Ancient Greece, of the hundreds of tragedies written and performed during the classical age, only a limited number of plays by three authors still exist: Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides.


Premise: What two factors determine whether it is possible to withdraw from a treaty?

Hypothesis: When North Korea declared its intention to do this the Secretary-General of the United Nations, acting as registrar, said that original signatories of the ICCPR had not overlooked the possibility of explicitly providing for withdrawal, but rather had deliberately intended not to provide for it.


Premise: Where was the Abbasid court based?

Hypothesis: In reconstructing this history, therefore, it is necessary to rely mainly on sources, such as the histories of Tabari and Baladhuri, that were written in the Abbasid court at Baghdad.


Premise: In what century was the term 'Somali' first used?

Hypothesis: The first clear written reference of the sobriquet Somali, however, dates back to the 15th century.


Premise: In what country is Viskuli located?

Hypothesis: It appears that the RSFSR took the line that it was not possible to secede from an entity that no longer existed.


Premise: Beyonce tied with which artist for most nominations by a female artist?

Hypothesis: The song topped the US Pop Songs chart, becoming the sixth number-one for both Beyoncé and Gaga, tying them with Mariah Carey for most number-ones since the Nielsen Top 40 airplay chart launched in 1992.


Premise: What else are these genes closely related to?

Hypothesis: Many of these genes are related to the immune system or modulating inflammation.


Premise: Where did Chinese merchants explore?

Hypothesis: Foreign trade and other contacts with the outside world, particularly Japan, increased considerably.


Premise: Along with sundried bricks and coral stone, what construction material was widely used after the introduction of Islam?

Hypothesis: This had the effect of stimulating a shift in construction from drystone and other related materials to coral stone, sundried bricks, and the widespread use of limestone in Somali architecture.


Premise: What was ASCII inteded to be?

Hypothesis: However, the four years that elapsed between the publication of ASCII-1963 and ISO's first acceptance of an international recommendation during 1967 caused ASCII's choices for the national use characters to seem to be de facto standards for the world, causing confusion and incompatibility once other countries did begin to make their own assignments to these code points.


Premise: What does Christ's love reveal to humanity?

Hypothesis: This increase in universal love allowed men's wills to conform to God's will, just as Christ's will submitted to the Father's will.


Premise: What was Cnut's nationality?

Hypothesis: Modern English contains a great many, often everyday, words that were borrowed from Old Norse, and the grammatical simplification that occurred after the Old English period is also often attributed to Norse influence.


Premise: What three regions do some linguists divide Russian into?

Hypothesis: Some linguists divide the dialects of Russian into two primary regional groupings, "Northern" and "Southern", with Moscow lying on the zone of transition between the two.


Premise: Around 1528, a group of Spaniards entered the territory that now makes up what state?

Hypothesis: Around 1528, a group of Spaniard explorers, led by Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, first entered the actual territory of what is now Chihuahua.


Premise: What kind of programmes do students work on for Project Nepal?

Hypothesis: Examples of notable student groups and projects are Project Nepal which sends Imperial College students to work on educational development programmes in rural Nepal and the El Salvador Project, a construction based project in Central America.


Premise: In what style was the Malborough House buit?

Hypothesis: The hotel was a hit and, in 1905–06, he chose to expand the hotel and bought another parcel of land next door to his Marlborough House.


Premise: In SI units, energy is measured in what measurement?

Hypothesis: For instance, in SI units, energy is measured in joules, and one joule is defined "mechanically", being the energy transferred to an object by the mechanical work of moving it a distance of 1 metre against a force of 1 newton.[note 1]


Premise: Who makes the claim that Hayek was actually a conservative?

Hypothesis: Conservatives, he says, are not averse to change – but like Hayek, they are highly averse to change being imposed on the social order by people in authority who think they know how to run things better.


Premise: What is a greater threat of disease transmission?

Hypothesis: Due to the global spread of avian influenza, bird migration has been studied as a possible mechanism of disease transmission, but it has been found not to present a special risk; import of pet and domestic birds is a greater threat.


Premise: How many Asian child workers are from India?

Hypothesis: A variety of Indian social scientists as well as the Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs) have done extensive research on the numeric figures of child labour found in India and determined that India contributes to one-third of Asia’s child labour and one-fourth of the world's child labour.


Premise: Who wrote the script for 'Someone's in the Kitchen'?

Hypothesis: Previously, he was involved in creating the scenario for the adventure game The Dig.


Premise: How many New Yorkers are of Polish ancestry?

Hypothesis: According to 2012 Census estimates, there were roughly 560,000 Italian Americans, 385,000 Irish Americans, 253,000 German Americans, 223,000 Russian Americans, 201,000 Polish Americans, and 137,000 English Americans.


Premise: How many meters high is Guru Shikhar?

Hypothesis: The south-eastern area, higher in elevation (100 to 350 m above sea level) and more fertile, has a very diversified topography.


Premise: How many millions of dollars did ''The Pink Panther'' gross world-wide?

Hypothesis: Her first acting role of 2006 was in the comedy film The Pink Panther starring opposite Steve Martin, grossing $158.8 million at the box office worldwide.


Premise: Who used the term "barbarous German style" to portray what is known today as the Gothic style?

Hypothesis: Giorgio Vasari used the term "barbarous German style" in his Lives of the Artists to describe what is now considered the Gothic style, and in the introduction to the Lives he attributes various architectural features to "the Goths" whom he holds responsible for destroying the ancient buildings after they conquered Rome, and erecting new ones in this style.


Premise: What type of carrier is capable of displacing 75,000 tonnes or greater?

Hypothesis: This change took place during World War II in response to air power becoming a significant factor in warfare, driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft.


Premise: What is the liquefied mixture called?

Hypothesis: This mixture is often called "bitumen feedstock", or BFS.


Premise: Why is a transistor so useful?

Hypothesis: It can produce a stronger output signal, a voltage or current, which is proportional to a weaker input signal; that is, it can act as an amplifier.


Premise: Music theorist represent pitches using what kind of scale?

Hypothesis: In standard Western equal temperament, the notion of pitch is insensitive to "spelling": the description "G4 double sharp" refers to the same pitch as A4; in other temperaments, these may be distinct pitches.


Premise: When was the business booming for do it yourself sound fanatics?

Hypothesis: The complete technical disclosure of the Columbia LP by Peter C. Goldmark, Rene' Snepvangers and William S. Bachman in 1949 made it possible for a great variety of record companies to get into the business of making long playing records.


Premise: What is the name of a song that references the state that KU serves?

Hypothesis: , "Kansas Song", "Sunflower Song", "Crimson and the Blue", "Red and Blue", the "Rock Chalk, Jayhawk" chant", "Home on the Range" and "Stand Up and Cheer."


Premise: Who was Victoria's literary executer?

Hypothesis: According to one of her biographers, Giles St Aubyn, Victoria wrote an average of 2,500 words a day during her adult life.


Premise: What is a "Unitised Scheme"?

Hypothesis: The College's endowment is sub-divided into three distinct portfolios: (i)


Premise: In what age did the sound patterns that distinguish Germanic languages develop?

Hypothesis: This assumed to have originated in approximately the mid-first millennium BCE in Iron Age northern Europe.


Premise: On what date did the business relationship between the AFL and NBC end?

Hypothesis: In conjunction with this, the league moved the beginning of the season from May to February (the week after the NFL's Super Bowl) and scheduled most of its games on Sunday instead of Friday or Saturday as it had in the past.


Premise: What religious element could be found in all Roman households?

Hypothesis: Each household had an altar (lararium), at which the family members would offer prayers, perform rites, and interact with the household gods.


Premise: In what year was the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies founded?

Hypothesis: The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame is dedicated to research, education and outreach on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace.


Premise: What is it called when someone belives that their own religion is an advancement of older religions?

Hypothesis: An example of a pluralist view in Christianity is supersessionism, i.e., the belief that one's religion is the fulfillment of previous religions.


Premise: How long does Everton FC have to pay back £30 million they borrowed from Bear Stearns and Prudential?

Hypothesis: Everton agreed a long-term loan of £30 million with Bear Stearns and Prudential plc in 2002 over the duration of 25 years; a consolidation of debts at the time as well as a source of capital for new player acquisitions.


Premise: What is the method called that mixes red, green, and blue colors to form white light?

Hypothesis: White light can be formed by mixing differently colored lights; the most common method is to use red, green, and blue (RGB).


Premise: Radar was supplemented by what in the 1980s?

Hypothesis: Command and control remained primitive until the late 1930s, when Britain created an integrated system for ADGB that linked the ground-based air defence of the army's AA Command, although field-deployed air defence relied on less sophisticated arrangements.


Premise: Why were civic and political leaders worried about Dowdings?

Hypothesis: When the Luftwaffe struck at British cities for the first time on 7 September 1940, a number of civic and political leaders were worried by Dowding's apparent lack of reaction to the new crisis.


Premise: What party carried the position of D.C. Statehood?

Hypothesis: This position was carried by the D.C. Statehood Party, a political party; it has since merged with the local Green Party affiliate to form the D.C. Statehood Green Party.


Premise: Other than in Hanover, where else can you find a Blind Man Museum?

Hypothesis: Textiles from all over the world can be visited in the Museum for textile art.


Premise: What is the current name of the building in St. Barts that serves as town hall?

Hypothesis: Saint Barthélemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France.


Premise: What is the climate like?

Hypothesis: The state has areas like Dharamsala that receive very heavy rainfall, as well as those like Lahaul and Spiti that are cold and almost rainless.


Premise: What magazine covers Ann Arbor's local businesses?

Hypothesis: Car and Driver magazine and Automobile Magazine are also based in Ann Arbor.


Premise: What percentage of undergraduates were affiliated with a fraternity or sorority in Winter 2013?

Hypothesis: Northwestern has several housing options, including both traditional residence halls and residential colleges which gather together students who have a particular intellectual interest in common.


Premise: What do some hunting advocates assert that is indirectly reduced among animals when intraspecific competition has been reduced?

Hypothesis: In some cases, it can increase the population of predators such as coyotes by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established, resulting in excess neighbouring migrations into an area, thus artificially increasing the population.


Premise: Which BYU student produced algorithm is found in Adobe Photoshop?

Hypothesis: In student achievements, BYU Ad Lab teams won both the 2007 and 2008 L'Oréal National Brandstorm Competition, and students developed the Magnetic Lasso algorithm found in Adobe Photoshop.


Premise: Who wrote that "improvisation is designed for an audience"?

Hypothesis: The works for piano and orchestra, including the two concertos, are held by Temperley to be "merely vehicles for brilliant piano playing ... formally longwinded and extremely conservative".


Premise: In what year did construction finish on the Plymouth Sound Breakwater?

Hypothesis: Numerous technical difficulties and repeated storm damage meant that it was not completed until 1841, twenty years after Rennie's death.


Premise: The extensive modernization started with what?

Hypothesis: While the initial focus was on developing modern hospitals, schools, factories and massive public works, perhaps the most long-lasting effects of the Porfirian modernization were creation of the Colonia Roma area and the development of Reforma Avenue.


Premise: What is a retified versionof ASCII?

Hypothesis: Other international standards bodies have ratified character encodings such as ISO/IEC 646 that are identical or nearly identical to ASCII, with extensions for characters outside the English alphabet and symbols used outside the United States, such as the symbol for the United Kingdom's pound sterling (£).


Premise: The anterior section is closest to the what?

Hypothesis: The middle segment is the mesothorax, with the major features being the second pair of legs and the anterior wings.


Premise: What happened to the cargo train?

Hypothesis: Reporters in Chengdu said they saw cracks on walls of some residential buildings in the downtown areas, but no buildings collapsed.


Premise: Who recognized hydrogen gas as a discreet substance?

Hypothesis: He speculated that "flammable air" was in fact identical to the hypothetical substance called "phlogiston" and further finding in 1781 that the gas produces water when burned.


Premise: What browser did Andreessen release in 1994?

Hypothesis: In 1993, browser software was further innovated by Marc Andreessen with the release of Mosaic, "the world's first popular browser", which made the World Wide Web system easy to use and more accessible to the average person.


Premise: Who appointed the governors in the Umayyad empire?

Hypothesis: As the central power of the Umayyad rulers waned in the later years of the dynasty, some governors neglected to send the extra tax revenue to Damascus and created great personal fortunes.


Premise: In which city did Obregon sign a number of treaties?

Hypothesis: Carranza (supported by Obregón) was now the strongest candidate to fill the power vacuum and set himself up as head of the new government.


Premise: What type of partridge was commonly consumed?

Hypothesis: Commonly hunted game, such as owl, pheasant, magpie, sika deer, and Chinese bamboo partridge were consumed.


Premise: What did the Cypriot government find was the Greek population on Cyprus?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, the Greek Cypriots conducted one in 1973, without the Turkish Cypriot populace.


Premise: What different kinds of law make up the laws of the United States?

Hypothesis: The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of general and permanent federal statutory law.


Premise: About how many cubic kilometers of the vast stock forest's wood were harvested in 1991?

Hypothesis: The Earth contains about 434 billion cubic meters of growing stock forest, 47% of which is commercial.


Premise: What unit did Eisenhower serve with upon his return to the United States?

Hypothesis: Although his administrative abilities had been noticed, on the eve of the U.S. entry into World War II he had never held an active command above a battalion and was far from being considered by many as a potential commander of major operations.


Premise: The efficiency of decoders is examined by seeing how much memory and what other process they use in the decoding process?

Hypothesis: Therefore, comparison of decoders is usually based on how computationally efficient they are (i.e., how much memory or CPU time they use in the decoding process).


Premise: It was found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are uncommon with what other people?

Hypothesis: found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common among Middle Eastern peoples, but uncommon in the general European population.


Premise: Who wrote the words "Against us they have raised the bloody flag of tyranny?"

Hypothesis: Beginning in 1790, the most radical revolutionaries adopted the red flag themselves, to symbolize the blood of those killed in the demonstrations, and to call for the repression of those they considered counter-revolutionary.


Premise: What period did the amount of ethnic Estonians drop by 61%?

Hypothesis: By 1989, minorities constituted more than one-third of the population, as the number of non-Estonians had grown almost fivefold.


Premise: What organism produces mevastatin?

Hypothesis: In 1971, Akira Endo, a Japanese biochemist working for the pharmaceutical company Sankyo, identified mevastatin (ML-236B), a molecule produced by the fungus Penicillium citrinum, as an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, a critical enzyme used by the body to produce cholesterol.


Premise: What is a big factor on whether or not an offspring will spontaneously develop haemophilia?

Hypothesis: There is no documentary evidence of a haemophiliac in connection with Victoria's mother, and as male carriers always suffer the disease, even if such a man had existed he would have been seriously ill.


Premise: What is the current musicologist reference for Chopin's pieces?

Hypothesis: The present standard musicological reference for Chopin's works is the Kobylańska Catalogue (usually represented by the initials 'KK'), named for its compiler, the Polish musicologist Krystyna Kobylańska.


Premise: Where did the children go to work primarily in Switzerland?

Hypothesis: – and sent to live with new families, often poor farmers who needed cheap labour.


Premise: How many synagogues in the Reform tradition are present in Richmond?

Hypothesis: There are three Reform synagogues, Bonay Kodesh, Beth Ahabah and Or Ami.


Premise: What does ESAF stand for?

Hypothesis: In June 1996 the IMF approved a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF) and was on the verge of announcing a renewed annual agreement when civil war broke out in Congo in mid-1997.


Premise: Which work of Isaac Newton was published in Latin and remained inaccessible to readers without education until Enlightenment writers began to translate and analyze it in the vernacular?

Hypothesis: Sir Isaac Newton's celebrated Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica was published in Latin and remained inaccessible to readers without education in the classics until Enlightenment writers began to translate and analyze the text in the vernacular.


Premise: What court case affirmed the mandates of the first and seventh sections of Article I of the Constitution?

Hypothesis: In INS v. Chadha (1983), the Supreme Court decided (a)


Premise: When was the Living Learning Center accredited as a "living building"?

Hypothesis: It is used by the University as a biological field station and research/education center.


Premise: What are some of Lisbon's tourist attractions?

Hypothesis: The new city centre of Lisbon was designed to resist subsequent earthquakes.


Premise: Who developed a series of stabilization wedges?

Hypothesis: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has said that there are few fundamental technological limits to integrating a portfolio of renewable energy technologies to meet most of total global energy demand.


Premise: In what war was Naguib wounded?

Hypothesis: They selected Muhammad Naguib, a popular general who had offered his resignation to Farouk in 1942 over British high-handedness and was wounded three times in the Palestine War.


Premise: Which script replaced the Gupta script?

Hypothesis: Around the eighth century, the Śāradā script evolved out of the Gupta script.


Premise: How many inches of rain does central Nigeria get each year?

Hypothesis: Rainfall is more limited, to between 500 and 1,500 millimetres (20 and 60 in) per year.


Premise: Data showed that students' preference for MP3 quality music followed which trend?

Hypothesis: Berger said the students seem to prefer the 'sizzle' sounds that MP3s bring to music.


Premise: Who invented track lighting?

Hypothesis: Track lighting, invented by Lightolier, was popular at one period of time because it was much easier to install than recessed lighting, and individual fixtures are decorative and can be easily aimed at a wall.


Premise: When does "Movement" occur?

Hypothesis: The city also lends its name to an early and pioneering genre of electronic dance music, "Detroit techno".


Premise: What is not an established science?

Hypothesis: Earthquake prediction is not yet established science; there was no consensus within the scientific community that earthquake "prediction" is possible.


Premise: What patterns does sociocultural anthropology get up in the morning to learn about?

Hypothesis: The study of kinship and social organization is a central focus of sociocultural anthropology, as kinship is a human universal.


Premise: Along with crossbows, what was plate armor designed to defend against?

Hypothesis: Armour continued to advance, spurred by the increasing power of crossbows, and plate armour was developed to protect soldiers from crossbows as well as the hand-held guns that were developed.


Premise: During what years did the Serbian Revolution occur?

Hypothesis: A rebellion that originated in Moldavia as a diversion was followed by the main revolution in the Peloponnese, which, along with the northern part of the Gulf of Corinth, became the first parts of the Ottoman Empire to achieve independence (in 1829).


Premise: Downtown Houston consisted of what type of building in the 1960's?

Hypothesis: Downtown was on the threshold of an energy industry–led boom in 1970.


Premise: What was Nasser's cabinet's knowledge of the nationalization scheme before Nasser announced it?

Hypothesis: The rest of the RCC's former members were informed of the decision on 24 July, while the bulk of the cabinet was unaware of the nationalization scheme until hours before Nasser publicly announced it.


Premise: Who is the economist who said there was about $1.7 billion in lost opportunity costs because of the 2007 changes?

Hypothesis: For example, a 2007 North American rule change cost an estimated $500 million to $1 billion, and Utah State University economist William F. Shughart II has estimated the lost opportunity cost at around $1.7 billion USD.


Premise: In 1911, Russians occupied Northern Iran under what pretext?

Hypothesis: During World War I, the British occupied much of Western Iran, and fully withdrew in 1921.


Premise: What was a term for an architect who catered to the wealthy?

Hypothesis: There was also the rise of the "gentleman architect" who usually dealt with wealthy clients and concentrated predominantly on visual qualities derived usually from historical prototypes, typified by the many country houses of Great Britain that were created in the Neo Gothic or Scottish Baronial styles.


Premise: What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in the Sorbs?

Hypothesis: The frequency of Haplogroup R1a ranges from 63.39% in the Sorbs, through 56.4% in Poland, 54% in Ukraine, 52% in Russia, Belarus, to 15.2% in Republic of Macedonia, 14.7% in Bulgaria and 12.1% in Herzegovina.


Premise: What political party was Margaret Thatcher the head of in 1975?

Hypothesis: During Thatcher's only visit to the Conservative Research Department in the summer of 1975, a speaker had prepared a paper on why the "middle way" was the pragmatic path the Conservative Party should take, avoiding the extremes of left and right.


Premise: What popular sport was first played in Namibia in 1995?

Hypothesis: The Women's inline hockey National Team participated in the 2008 FIRS World Championships.


Premise: When was improvisation in classical music performance common?

Hypothesis: Improvisation in classical music performance was common during both the Baroque and early romantic eras, yet lessened strongly during the second half of the 19th and in the 20th centuries.


Premise: What kind of institutions do countries like Germany and Switzerland consider institutes of technology to be?

Hypothesis: Famous examples are the Istanbul Technical University, ETH Zurich, İYTE, Delft University of Technology and RWTH Aachen, all considered universities.[citation needed]


Premise: What is one agency who is trying to help make the trade of pesticides safer?

Hypothesis: The former seeks to implement procedures for ensuring that prior informed consent exists between countries buying and selling pesticides, while the latter seeks to create uniform standards for maximum levels of pesticide residues among participating countries.


Premise: What did the marchers wish to commemorate?

Hypothesis: On June 5, 1988, as the official celebrations of the Millennium were held in Moscow, the Ukrainian Cultural Club hosted its own observances in Kiev at the monument to St. Volodymyr


Premise: What is Nigeria's debt-to-GDP ratio?

Hypothesis: Also, the debt-to-GDP ratio is only 11 percent, which is 8 percent below the 2012 ratio.


Premise: How long did Whitehead and Russell expect to spend creating Principia Mathematica?

Hypothesis: Whitehead and Russell had thought originally that Principia Mathematica would take a year to complete; it ended up taking them ten years.


Premise: What are some animals native to Antarctica?

Hypothesis: Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae, bacteria, fungi, plants, protista, and certain animals, such as mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades.


Premise: In 2006, what prompted the women's soccer team coach, Jenny Haigh,  to resign?

Hypothesis: In 1998, two former Northwestern basketball players were charged and convicted for sports bribery as a result of being paid to shave points in games against three other Big Ten schools during the 1995 season.


Premise: How much of their income do half of Seattle's population have to spend on housing?

Hypothesis: The city has found itself "bursting at the seams," with over 45,000 households spending more than half their income on housing and at least 2,800 people homeless, and with the country's sixth-worst rush hour traffic.


Premise: In 2007 youtube launched an automated system to detect what?

Hypothesis: The system, which became known as Content ID, creates an ID File for copyrighted audio and video material, and stores it in a database.


Premise: To which artist did Kanye profusely apologize to?

Hypothesis: "I did not diss Taylor Swift and I've never dissed her...


Premise: What is the original natural vegetation of Thuringia?

Hypothesis: In the uplands, a mixture of beech and spruce would be natural.


Premise: When did China begin constructing the third BeiDou system?

Hypothesis: As of March 2016, 4 BDS-3 in-orbit validation satellites have been launched.


Premise: What will power the Indian-made ship?

Hypothesis: India started the construction of a 40,000-tonne, 260-metre-long (850 ft) Vikrant-class aircraft carrier in 2009.


Premise: What has happened to the local dialects in the French speaking regions?

Hypothesis: The role played by dialects in each linguistic region varies dramatically: in the German-speaking regions, Swiss German dialects have become ever more prevalent since the second half of the 20th century, especially in the media, such as radio and television, and are used as an everyday language, while the Swiss variety of Standard German is almost always used instead of dialect for written communication (c.f. diglossic usage of a language).


Premise: What is the meaning of bhasa?

Hypothesis: Many Sanskrit loanwords are also found in Austronesian languages, such as Javanese, particularly the older form in which nearly half the vocabulary is borrowed.


Premise: Who prevented the Almohads from entering Valencia?

Hypothesis: The declining power of the Almoravids coincided with the rise of a new dynasty in North Africa, the Almohads, who seized control of the peninsula from the year 1145, although their entry into Valencia was deterred by Ibn Mardanis, King of Valencia and Murcia until 1171, at which time the city finally fell to the North Africans.


Premise: What day is now a National holiday in connection to Moussa Traoré?

Hypothesis: 26 March 1991 is the day that marks the clash between military soldiers and peaceful demonstrating students which climaxed in the massacre of dozens under the orders of then President Moussa Traoré.


Premise: What was the program that CCTV-1 hosted?

Hypothesis: Almost at the same time in Taiwan, a similarly themed programme was on air hosted by the sitting president Ma Ying-jeou.


Premise: Where does Oklahoma rank by population?

Hypothesis: Oklahoma is the 20th most extensive and the 28th most populous of the 50 United States.


Premise: Who visits Nankana Sahib?

Hypothesis: Indian Sikh pilgrims visit holy sites such as Nankana Sahib.


Premise: What was the period of Britain acting as the world's police called?

Hypothesis: Unchallenged at sea, Britain adopted the role of global policeman, a state of affairs later known as the Pax Britannica, and a foreign policy of "splendid isolation".


Premise: When did the Troutman Sanders-Mays & Valentine LLP merger occur?

Hypothesis: Richmond is also home to four of the largest law firms in the United States: Hunton & Williams, McGuireWoods, Williams Mullen, and LeClairRyan.


Premise: What was the unofficial nickname of the Northwestern athletic teams prior to 1924?

Hypothesis: Before 1924, they were known as "The Purple" and unofficially as "The Fighting Methodists."


Premise: At what point did Rome discover that an alliance between Philip V and Hannibal had been achieved?

Hypothesis: The First Macedonian War saw the Romans involved directly in only limited land operations, but they ultimately achieved their objective of pre-occupying Philip and preventing him from aiding Hannibal.


Premise: What was a motivation of the Grand Lodge of England's objection?

Hypothesis: It is possible that the immediate objections of the United Grand Lodge of England were at least partly motivated by the political tension between France and Britain at the time.


Premise: Where did a coup take place?

Hypothesis: Recognition became universal following the 25 April 1974 socialist-inspired military coup in Portugal, which overthrew Lisbon's Estado Novo regime.


Premise: Where did the Reading operate out of?

Hypothesis: The Pennsylvania Railroad first operated Broad Street Station, then 30th Street Station and Suburban Station, and the Reading Railroad operated out of Reading Terminal, now part of the Pennsylvania Convention Center.


Premise: What PC Mag. staffer picked PS3 over Xbox in June, 2012?

Hypothesis: In a comparison piece by PC mag's Will Greenwald in June 2012, PS3 was selected as an overall better console compared to Xbox 360.


Premise: Along with Patton, who was a notable interwar tank leader?

Hypothesis: His new expertise in tank warfare was strengthened by a close collaboration with George S. Patton, Sereno E. Brett, and other senior tank leaders.


Premise: What do thick boards require to resist plating failure?

Hypothesis: As the reinforcement and copper confine the board along the plane, virtually all volume expansion projects to the thickness and stresses the plated-through holes.


Premise: What paradox did Sheptycki point out?

Hypothesis: The paradoxical effect is that, the harder policing agencies work to produce security, the greater are feelings of insecurity.


Premise: What is "Illyrian?"

Hypothesis: Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs differ in religion and were historically often part of different cultural circles, although a large part of the nations have lived side by side under foreign overlords.


Premise: What is the Seattle soccer club named?

Hypothesis: Seattle Sounders FC has played in Major League Soccer since 2009, sharing CenturyLink Field with the Seahawks, as a continuation of earlier teams in the lower divisions of American soccer.


Premise: In what year where there 100,646 inhabitants in St. John's?

Hypothesis: As of the 2006 Census, there were 100,646 inhabitants in St. John's itself, 151,322 in the urban area and 181,113 in the St. John's Census Metropolitan Area (CMA).


Premise: Where did hunter-gatherer peoples live?

Hypothesis: Rather than killing large animals for meat, according to this view, they used carcasses of such animals that had either been killed by predators or that had died of natural causes.


Premise: What groups did Nasser broker an agreement with?

Hypothesis: In November, Nasser brokered an agreement between the PLO and the Lebanese military that granted Palestinian guerrillas the right to use Lebanese territory to attack Israel.


Premise: When did Zhuge Liang live from?

Hypothesis: For example, the clan of Zhuge Liang (181–234), a chancellor of the state of Shu Han from Central Plain in north China during the Three Kingdoms period, gathered together at the suburb of Hangzhou, forming an exclusive, closed village Zhuge Village (Zhege Cun), consisting of villagers all with family name "Zhuge".


Premise: In what year did Tufts researchers reportedly uncover what is believed to be the oldest known impression of a flying insect?

Hypothesis: This species already possessed dicondylic mandibles (two articulations in the mandible), a feature associated with winged insects, suggesting that wings may already have evolved at this time.


Premise: What was Brazil's argument against the US cotton industry?

Hypothesis: The four introduced a "Sectoral Initiative in Favour of Cotton", presented by Burkina Faso's President Blaise Compaoré during the Trade Negotiations Committee on 10 June 2003.


Premise: Many adaptations of the instruments were done to cater to what type of music?

Hypothesis: As there is no concept of absolute pitch in Indian classical music, any convenient tuning maintaining these relative pitch intervals between the strings can be used.


Premise: Who is the North Carolina state capital named for?

Hypothesis: In 1584, Elizabeth I granted a charter to Sir Walter Raleigh, for whom the state capital is named, for land in present-day North Carolina (then part of the territory of Virginia).


Premise: Who was the Titan goddess of the moon?

Hypothesis: In Hellenistic times, especially during the 3rd century BCE, as Apollo Helios he became identified among Greeks with Helios, Titan god of the sun, and his sister Artemis similarly equated with Selene, Titan goddess of the moon.


Premise: Which parent of Beyonce's help co-write a book?

Hypothesis: Her mother co-wrote a book, published in 2002, titled Destiny's Style an account of how fashion had an impact on the trio's success.


Premise: What is an essential for dealing with directing the flow of power?

Hypothesis: At a lower frequency the trap allows the full length of the element to be employed, albeit with a shifted resonant frequency due to the inclusion of the trap's net reactance at that lower frequency.


Premise: What caused the development of the Jura Mountains?

Hypothesis: The geological subdivision differentiates the Western, Eastern Alps and Southern Alps: the Helveticum in the north, the Penninicum and Austroalpine system in the center and, south of the Periadriatic Seam, the Southern Alpine system.


Premise: What was the pejorative label for those that rejected Mahayana sutras?

Hypothesis: It was not until after the 5th century CE that the Mahayana sutras started to influence the behavior of mainstream Buddhists in India: "But outside of texts, at least in India, at exactly the same period, very different—in fact seemingly older—ideas and aspirations appear to be motivating actual behavior, and old and established Hinnayana groups appear to be the only ones that are patronized and supported.


Premise: What is the boiling point of zinc?

Hypothesis: For a metal, zinc has relatively low melting (419.5 °C) and boiling points (907 °C).


Premise: Annealling softens metals by achieving what?

Hypothesis: Most metals and alloys can be work hardened by creating defects in their crystal structure.


Premise: In what year did Mstislavich defeat the Kiev?

Hypothesis: In 1202 he conquered Kiev, and assumed the title of Grand Duke of Kievan Rus', which was held by the rulers of Vladimir-Suzdal since 1169.


Premise: Have studies shown DST generally increases or reduces gas consumption from cars?

Hypothesis: The 2008 DOE report found no significant increase in motor gasoline consumption due to the 2007 United States extension of DST.


Premise: What must one understand in order to create a successful data model?

Hypothesis: A successful data model will accurately reflect the possible state of the external world being modeled: for example, if people can have more than one phone number, it will allow this information to be captured.


Premise: What party benefited from the accession of Valens?

Hypothesis: The accession of Valens gave a fresh lease of life to the Arian party.


Premise: Give an example of someone who was a caretaker manager?

Hypothesis: Several caretaker managers have gone on to secure a permanent managerial post after performing well as a caretaker; examples include Paul Hart at Portsmouth and David Pleat at Tottenham Hotspur.


Premise: In what month and year did Plymouth play host to the America's Cup World Series?

Hypothesis: The Port of Plymouth Regatta is one of the oldest regattas in the world, and has been held regularly since 1823.


Premise: What college was influenced by Puritan beliefs?

Hypothesis: Their beliefs, however, were transported by the emigration of congregations to the Netherlands (and later to New England), and by evangelical clergy to Ireland (and later into Wales), and were spread into lay society and parts of the educational system, particularly certain colleges of the University of Cambridge.


Premise: Who were Mary's parents?

Hypothesis: Before Mary's conception, Anne had been barren and was far advanced in years.


Premise: Who wrote The Racial Contract?

Hypothesis: This led to a challenge to the social contract by philosophers Charles W. Mills in his book


Premise: What might the relative intensities of pain resemble?

Hypothesis: The relative intensities of pain, then, may resemble the relative importance of that risk to our ancestors (lack of food, too much cold, or serious injuries are felt as agony, whereas minor damage is felt as mere discomfort).


Premise: What does Mahayana mean?

Hypothesis: The Mahayana sutras often claim to articulate the Buddha's deeper, more advanced doctrines, reserved for those who follow the bodhisattva path.


Premise: How many schoolgirls did Boko Haram kidnap?

Hypothesis: Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan in May 2014 claimed that Boko Haram attacks have left at least 12,000 people dead and 8,000 people crippled.


Premise: What was it called when East Germany joined the republic?

Hypothesis: A regional referendum in 1996 to merge Berlin with surrounding Brandenburg as "Berlin-Brandenburg" failed to reach the necessary majority vote in Brandenburg, while a majority of Berliners voted in favour of the merger.


Premise: Who believes that time is a dimension of reality on a par with the three spatial dimensions

Hypothesis: An Eternalist, on the other hand, holds that time is a dimension of reality on a par with the three spatial dimensions, and hence that all things—past, present, and future—can be said to be just as real as things in the present.


Premise: Who did the first wave of Greek settlement consist of?

Hypothesis: A major wave of Greek settlement is believed to have taken place following the Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece from 1100 to 1050 BC, with the island's predominantly Greek character dating from this period.


Premise: What airport serves Melbourne?

Hypothesis: Melbourne is also home to Australia's most extensive freeway network and has the world's largest urban tram network.


Premise: What country's government, on which the US government was modeled, did not formally implement separation of powers?

Hypothesis: Strict separation of powers did not operate in The United Kingdom, the political structure of which served in most instances[citation needed] as a model for the government created by the U.S. Constitution.[citation needed]


Premise: What year did that take place?

Hypothesis: The final has never been contested by two teams from outside the top division and there have only been eight winners who weren't in the top flight: Notts County (1894); Tottenham Hotspur (1901); Wolverhampton Wanderers (1908); Barnsley (1912); West Bromwich Albion (1931); Sunderland (1973), Southampton (1976) and West Ham United (1980).


Premise: When did the Borders Books open up in Ann Arbor?

Hypothesis: Borders Books, started in Ann Arbor, was opened by brothers Tom and Louis Borders in 1971 with a stock of used books.


Premise: What types of companies back more large scale, export-oriented agrobusinesses in Portugal?

Hypothesis: Agriculture in Portugal is based on small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units.


Premise: Privilege of Piotrkow was granted when?

Hypothesis: On April 26, 1496 King John I Albert granted the Privilege of Piotrków (Polish: "Przywilej piotrkowski", "konstytucja piotrkowska" or "statuty piotrkowskie"), increasing the nobility's feudal power over serfs.


Premise: Up to what wavelength does the human eye perceive certain intense lights as being dull red in color?

Hypothesis: Leaves are particularly bright in the near IR, and if all visible light leaks from around an IR-filter are blocked, and the eye is given a moment to adjust to the extremely dim image coming through a visually opaque IR-passing photographic filter, it is possible to see the Wood effect that consists of IR-glowing foliage.


Premise: How long does snow hang around in Cork?

Hypothesis: The airport records an average of 7 days of hail and 11 days of snow or sleet a year; though it only records lying snow for 2 days of the year.


Premise: When was the main entrance constructed?

Hypothesis: At the beginning of the 18th century the German Conrad Rudolphus built the façade of the main entrance.


Premise: What have scientists started spending the most time on?

Hypothesis: The only significant group difference between these orientations was found in the amygdala, a brain region known to be involved in regulating fear.


Premise: What is another name for an Ottoman miniature?

Hypothesis: It was a part of the Ottoman Book Arts together with the Ottoman miniature (taswir), calligraphy (hat), Islamic calligraphy, bookbinding (cilt) and paper marbling (ebru).


Premise: To what rank was Eisenhower brevetted after being transferred to the tank corps?

Hypothesis: When the U.S. entered World War I he immediately requested an overseas assignment but was again denied and then assigned to Ft.


Premise: Which newspaper revealed the Terrorist Finance Tracking Program?

Hypothesis: The USA PATRIOT Act of October 2001 dramatically reduces restrictions on law enforcement agencies' ability to search telephone, e-mail communications, medical, financial, and other records; eases restrictions on foreign intelligence gathering within the United States; expands the Secretary of the Treasury's authority to regulate financial transactions, particularly those involving foreign individuals and entities; and broadens the discretion of law enforcement and immigration authorities in detaining and deporting immigrants suspected of terrorism-related acts.


Premise: How big is the Zoo Los Coyotes?

Hypothesis: Zoo Los Coyotes is a 27.68-acre (11.2 ha)


Premise: On what date was the country renamed the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic?

Hypothesis: On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic.


Premise: Why did Cannon believe that physiological responses were insufficient cause for emotions?

Hypothesis: He argued that physiological responses were too slow and often imperceptible and this could not account for the relatively rapid and intense subjective awareness of emotion.


Premise: Who receives the hishopric of Ostia?

Hypothesis: The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see.


Premise: In what year was Richmond's First Baptist Church founded?

Hypothesis: St. Peter's Church was dedicated and became the first Catholic church in Richmond on May 25, 1834.